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·Kri Inbr
357D2
Sri Balamanorama Series No. 40. Peco Delke 15-8
rain antar
II : U
RAGHUVAMSA
OF KALIDASA
॥ रघुवंशम् ॥
MYLATURE, WHEN ALT
RESEARCH INSTITUTE
THE KUPISHWAM!!Cthing
महाकविश्रीकालिदासप्रणीतम् ।
CANTOS -14 & 15. -88, ?2.
WITH ENGLISH NOTES AND TRANSLATION BY
C. Sankara Rama Sastri, M. A., B. L.,
Author of Annotations on नागानन्दं, वेणीसंहारं,
मालविकाग्निमित्रं, रत्नावली, उत्तररामचरितं, स्वप्नवासवदत्तं,
आचर्यचूडामणिः, मेघसंदशः etc etc.
PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY
THE SRI BALAMANORAMA PRESS,
MYLAPORE, MADRAS.
All rights reserved.
Price
1946
(Re. 1-8

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·PREFACE RAGHUVAMŚA is one of the five popular Mahākavyas in Sanskrit literature, the other four being Kalidasa's Kumarasambhava, Bharavi's Kiratarjuniya, Migha's Sisupalavadha and $ri Harsa's Naisadha. A popular saying which gives i comparative estimate of the literary merits of the four poets- Dandin, Bharavi, Kālidcisa sind Māgha runs thus : दण्डिनः पदलालित्यं भारवेरर्थगौरवम् । उपमा कालिदासस्य माघे सन्ति त्रयो गुणाः ।। The last foot of this verse is sometimes read ditterently thus :-भवभूतेस्त्रयं क्वचित् here ऋचित् refers try Uttararamacarita. The greatness of Kalidasa as ů poet is well Drougint out in the following of t-quoted stanza :-- पुरा कानां गणनाप्रसङ्गे कनिष्ठिकाऽधिष्टितकालिदामा । अद्यापि तत्तुल्यकवेरभावादनामिका मार्थक नामधेया ।। The poetic diction of Kalidasa cannot be better described than in the memorable happy words of B.ina in his Harsacarita :-- निगताम् न वा कस्य कालिदासस्य सृक्तिषु । प्रीतिमधुरसार्दासु मन्नरग्विव जायते ॥

·LAGHUVAMSA The works that are recognised as the genuine Production of Kalidasa, the greatest of Sanskrit iets and dramatists, are Raghuvamsa, Kumaraaubhava, Meglasandesa, Abhijñana, Śäkuntala, Tiranorvasiya and Malavikignimitra, the first three being poems, it nd the last three dramas. With imgard iu) the authorship of Rtusamhari the proponverance of scholarly opinion is in favour of treating i iso as Kalidasa's genuine work. With regard 11) the date of Kalidasa, it may be eserved Hat ihe scholarly pronouncement of Mr. K. G Sankar in his article in the Indian Historical Quarterly, Volume I, No. 2, June 1925, Page 309 to 316 declares that Kalidasa was a protege of Tikrama Sakiiri o 18 B.C. The view propounded therein hits gadierally met with the approval of sobolars since its publication. By thui learned article S Wells the learned thesis of Mr. K. Chattopa- (virya published in the Allahabad University Serien, Volume ?, entitled the Date of Kalidasa, it has been abundantiv proved that the favourite theory of sette oi the western savants that Aśvaghosa served its a model for Kalidasa has thoroughly failed to stand the test of searching scrutiny. Judging from the tidence ifforded by Malavikāgnimitra about the date of the itthor, tlie upper limit may be fixed as the reign of Agnimitra who is known to have ruled in 148 B. C. The words of the actor aanget #a:

·PREFACE Tue in the Prologue of that play and the Bharatavākya pronounced by the actor after having stripped himself of the role of the king---39127177HIA- विगमप्रति प्रजानां संपत्स्यते न खलु गोप्तरि नाग्निमित्रे suggest that Kalidasa's play was intended to be acted during the "eign of Agnimitra. Any contrary argument based spon the analogy of similar references to Candra. cupta in Visakhadatta's Mudrārāk şasa cannot be iccepted as conclusive; perhaps Visukladatta rongly imitated Kalidāsä. But much may be said iso aginst the theory that Külida-a and Agninitra were contemporaries. In any event it may be aken to have been fairly established that Küidāsa in never be assigned to a date later han the first Antury B. C. Raghuvarsa, the dynasty of Rayhis, is the itle of this book, and this is the most popular of all - lle Sanskrit Kävyas. The title tyäsi is generally rissolved thus: ग्घूणां वंशः रघुवंशः, तमधिकृत्य कृतमिदं काव्यं रघुवंशम्. With regard to ipoti in the dissolution it has bern vinted out in our notes on Verse 7, Canto XV, that the word " has to be taken in a secondary signiicane. viz., Raghu's descendants. For further Jetails see the notes referred to above. Likewise ere is also some difficulty in explaining the neuter sender in zgazi, for if the aiga suffis 3m is added the Ha viz., the lengthening of the first owel in ·vi RAGHAMSA T cannot be avoided. The Vartika TITT23: 7. Aff2 PESH applies only t:) words denoting prose-works coming under the head of 3112 971 and not to poetic works like Raghuvamsa. This ditficulty can be avoided by treating 37: (masculine) as the title of the book. This suggestion seems to receive support from the poet's own words-T70 371 and a: Sea where the masculine is definitely used. C. SANKARARAMA SASTRI Mylapore. Bludrus. 25th Mur. 1940, ·॥ श्रीः ॥ महाकविश्रीकालिदासप्रणीतम् ॥ रघुवंशम् ॥ चतुर्दशः सर्गः। भतुः प्रणाशादथ शोचनीयं दशान्तरं तत्र समं प्रपन्ने । अपश्यनां दाशरथी जनन्यौ छेदादिवोपनतरोवतत्यो ॥१॥ THE FOURTEENTH (ANT). Afterwards the two sons of Dirsallia ...Id there their two mothers wholiad alike changer !:mentible: pliglit at the death of their lord its 10. repers would at the cutting off of the tree or W!: the rest.. । The story in this canto begins with the arriva of sama in Ayodhyiiifter the slaying of Ravana. T!, coronatiori of Rima iind the further story (ni pred by the Uttarakinda of Valmiki's Ramayana 1*.? the principal subject-matter of this and the ri1. (anto.

·2 RAGHITAJISA 1. 379 Afterwards; after Rāma came to occupy the garden of Arodhvii. दशरथस्य अपत्य पुमांमो दाशरथी The two sons of Dasaratha viz., Rama and Lakşmana, 57 In that garden. Jazji 37932ai Belield their twi) other's viz., Kausalyä and Sumitra. How were they? Ha: 70191 On account of the expiry of their Jusband Dasamitha. शोचनीयं दशान्तरं समं प्रपन्ने 'They hat reached it different and miserable plight to an equal lecree or at the same time. The idea is that they ad become widows. Their miserable plight is vrought out by ill analogy. 34a means it tree on itlich another tree or plant rests. उपन्ननरी: छेदात As : result of the (litting of the supporting them. 29:21 sa Like two creepers. The two creepers fade a winy und reach a lamentable plight when the supporting tree is (out oft. Similarly ilid the two motliers on the death of their lord. 7 90113: Von form of aut with 7. In itazi ári. अन्या दशा दशान्तरं. मयूरव्यंसकादित्वात् अन्तरश-दम्य पनिपात :. प्रपन्न oljectival to 37). 999 formed by adding the drive suffix 7 to 9? with 7. When the suflix is added to Anit roots ending in , 7 changes to a, and the final of Vie root also changes to . Panini : fi fägna 7: 750 ?:. Examples :- किन्न, खिद खिन्न, छिद किन्न, तुद नुन्न, नद नुन्न, पद् पन्न, मिद् भिन्न, विद् विन्न, मद मन्न, क्षुद क्षुण्ण. 37979ai Imperfect, 3rd person jual of ? to ser, 1st conjugation, Paras maipada. Conjugate :- .317222, 3977471 377377, 399: 377243 ·FOURTEENTH (AVTO 3 अत्यन, अपश्यं अपझ्याव अपश्याम. ??? changes to 937 in all injugational teuses. छेदः Noun form of छिद to .ut. उपन्न is formed under Panini :--उपन्न आश्रये. व्रतत्यो Accusative dual of gasi, same as tía:. Vide Amara:-वळी तु व्रतनिर्लना. दाशरथा जनन्यौ अपश्यताम्. Change 1. Moice :- दाशरथिभ्यां जनन्यो अदयनाम. उभावुभाभ्यां प्रणतो हतारी यथाक्रमं विक्रमशोभिनौ तो विम्पष्टमसान्धतया न दृष्टौ ज्ञाती सुतस्पर्शसुखोपलम्भात् ॥ २॥ 2. Those two that had killed their enemies and -.one with valour were pot, is they duly bowed Lun, observed clearly by the two mothers in their "Windness due to tears, but were recognized by the Xperience of the plea-ure caused by the touch of leil sons. 2. क्रमं अनतिक्रम्य यथाक्रम In due to turse. प्रणतो This -aluted their mothers in their order'. प्रणत Active Pitrticiple of नम् with 4. हताः अग्यः याभ्यां तो हतारी । istance of Bahuvrihi compoud. विक्रमेण शोभंत इति (77ATIHAN Shining with valour. Ai They both siz, Rāma ind Laksmani. Decline :-उभी उभी उभाभ्यां उभाभ्यां उभाभ्यां उभयोः उभयोः उभी is the nominative Jual. The word 3H can be declined in the duals alone'. उभाभ्यां By the twin mother's. असान्धतया Owing to the blindness caused by tears. jafti a zdi Were not seen clearly. f. I aid But were अच: अन्धता तया

·RIGHTSA
knoun or recognized. HOR: सुतस्पशन यन मन्त्र नम्य
उपलम्भः तम्मान मुतस्पर्शमुखोपलम्भात Due too feelinx
pleasure of the touch of their suris.
टप and ज्ञान
Past passive participles of an i respectively
उभाभ्यां उभी न दृष्टो किंतु जानी can he windorted by the change
of the Passive participle into il detive thus :- 34
उभी न उपवल्या कि तृ
जानवत्या.
आनन्दजः शोकजमश्रु बाष्पस्तयोरशीतं शिशिग विभेद ।
गङ्गामग्य्बोजलमुष्णतप्तं हिमाद्रिनिष्यन्द इवावतीर्णः ।। ३ ।।
-
3. Their thoi trar's oor dipped their init
prisis of grief is it stran destrzedmiot the Himalar!
Would the licited Mütalis coit liangi it!!(!t:
Saravī.
नयाः आनन्दज : शिशिगं वाप:. ::- (! .!
retorrer tu as cool where is the maits utgrie! will be
|ROt. नया: (.11 1 to 11 () !!{ }}:-. आनन्दा जान
आनन्दजः.
मोकाट जानं शोक अशा अश्रु. विभेद Pitt
3rd perso; singular of FHD 16: (ut oft. to drive.
The displacement of the tears at srinthy the trails of
jor is explained by all ithalogs.srt ont in the top!
bali of the verse गता च सम्यक जागा ; instit:
of Diandva copi}} !. नया. गङ्गापरवी:. उणेन नप्त उष्णतप्त
an instance of Tatpurusa compound. Fi Acousittiin
anti: fartizanurz za Like it stream of the Himalayitis
.....}}ding. अवतीर्ण = अब-तृ + E Attist participle. ऋt

·OURTEENTH (ANTO t) ण. चाण, - जर्ण, जु तृ ताण, दृ दाण. ६.!},' (nd of root changes tv) ईर when followed by the participle 7 which changes to 27 and ultimately Exaniples : क. काण, ग गाण, वृ शार्ण. But it' FE is preceded by a labial, hanges 10 37 as in पर्ण. निप्यन्दः, The change' (Ot है T!" initial 7 in 717 to ? after ia is clue to Pärinj: सुवामादिपु च. न शान अशीनं The OPosite () (ool ; hot. उष्णः । तप्तं means SIDer. बाप्पः अथ विभेद. Change : rice : ---- पण अश्र बिभिद. त पुत्रयनितशत्रमागानादानिवाङ्गे सदयं स्पृशन्त्या । अपीप्मिनं क्षत्रकुलाङ्गनानां न वीरमशब्दमकामयेताम् ।। ४ ।। 1. Touching vith rendemess the unus, it if in Teile still bilersing, (aused by the weapons of Tiroileris on tiie person of their two sons. illi the izdel's did noi Liisli the title of Hero - diutlier' ogh covetable [..the ladies of the Katriya race. 2. ने NOminitis (ral of तद feminine'. The two ithers. पुत्रय अ On the rody of their t\\ (} •ns. ऋते. अपत्यानि पुमांम: नेता: Riksist, tomons. नैऋतानां इस्त्राणि नपा मार्गान. माग ning passage. From thie tellit liells the walls of wounds. आदान इव AS 11th x Wire still fresli, दयया मह वर्नत यस्मिन् कर्माण तद्यथा 777 741 AZT Adverlial adjunct modifying 773*** Nominative dual of great Feminine form of 1937 Frasent participle of पृ to touch. स्पृशन्त्यो सत्यौ. क्षत्रकुलं ·6 RAGHITASA The Ksatrina caste'. क्षत्रकुलस्य अजनाः तासां To ti women of the Warrier-caste. आप्तुं इयु ईप्सितं Pasi passive participle of the desiderative form of 3477. 3tí Though covetable. वारं मृत इति वीरस: A hero's mother. वीरसू: इति शब्दः तं वारसूशब्दं The title of .: hero's mother. न अकामयतां Did not likee. The root कम् (कमु कान्तो) of the 1st conjugation takes the fines! augment 319 before the verbal termination. Vide Pimini: कमणि ङ. अकामयतां Imperfect, 3rd person dun. केशावहा भर्तुरलक्षणाहं सीतेति नाम स्वमुदीरयन्ती । स्वर्गप्रतिष्ठस्य गुरोर्महिष्यावभक्तिभेदेन वधूर्ववन्दे ।। ५ ।। 5. 'Tum Sità, the inalspicious one that brought trouble to my lord, Thus innouncing her name, th: daughter-in-law did, withi undiriminating reve? ence, Salute the tworpen.pl Scof herauru that resides in Heilpni. आवहनानि आवहा. कशम्य आवहा क्लेशावहा. भनः शावर One who brought worry tí her lord. न विद्यत लक्षण (शुभलक्षणं) यस्याः मा अलक्षणा D. oil of uspicious sign.. अहं माना नि म्यं नाम उदार यन्ता 'I am Siti.' This decluring her lille म्वर्गः प्रतिमा यम्य तस्य स्वर्गप्रतिष्टम्य गगः महिये The two queens of her departed father-in-law. 77 The daughter-in-law, भक्तंः भेदः भक्तिभेदः, न भक्तिभदः तन अभनिभेदन Alike in detition. ववन्दे Perfect, person singular of वन्द t() calute. म्वं नाम. म्व meani ing one's own can be used in any of the three ·FOIRTEENTH CANTO 7 genders according to the no!) it qualifies, and it is it pronoun. The other meanings of a are a kinsmar, wealth and self. In the sense of kinsman 67 is wasculine but not a pronoun. 57 meaning wealth į Masculine or Deuter, but not a pronoun. meining self is both neuter and a pronoun. - meaning gender noun or prono kinsman masculina noun Wpalti, masculina & neute" neliter pronoun ones can will genclats lide Günasūtra :-- भ्वमानिधनाग्व्यायाम. Vide als: Amara :- Japara faralajs saisin jā. उत्तिष्ठ वत्से ननु सानुजोऽसो वृत्तेन भर्ता शुचिना तवैव । कृच्छं महत्तीर्ण इति प्रियाहाँ तामृचतुस्ते प्रियमप्यमिथ्या ।। ६ । 6. Rise up. darling. Yur husband along wit: his brother has indeed crossed it cu crisis only through your body conduet.' This did they address Weet but true words to her til uteserved it loving treatment. Rise u 6. 7 7 O daughter. femperutive, and person singular of 191 with ? tu rise अनुजेन मह वर्तत इति सानुजः असौ भतो This husbandd together with his younger brother càā g's wa Only by ·RAGHUVA SA your pure conduct. महत् कृच्छं तीर्ग: Has crossed! . great calamit.. इति Thus ; the foregoing at they words of the two mothers. fugizi ai Her wlir deserred : kind treatment. À Kausalyä and Sur itra. प्रियमपि न मिथ्या Pleasing and let true. उचतु: Perfect, 3rd person dual of J. Conjugate :-उवाच ऊचतः ऊचुः. उवाचथ-उवक्थ ऊचथुः ऊच. उवाच-उवच चिव चिम. व्र (hanges to 77 in all non-conjugational tenses Pāniri : 1917. a governs two objects, being one of the roots. The Direct object is rizi, and the Indirect ohject ai. The following is id list of 172 1005 :- दृयापदण्डधिचिव्रशासुजिम भषाम् । कर्मयुक्र यादकाथ तथा म्यान्न:- हावहाम्॥ . अथाभिषकं रघुवंशकेतोः प्रारब्धमानन्दजलैजनन्योः ! निवर्तयामासुरमात्यवृद्धास्तीर्थाहृतः काञ्चनकुम्भतोयैः ।। ७ ।। 7. Later on the elderly mini-ter's performe, fire Rāma, the banner of Raghu's dynasty the coronatibath, started by the tears of joy of the two mot!.4.15, with waters from golden pitchers fetched from: 1 ly resorts. 7. अथ अमात्यपु वृद्धाः अमात्यवृद्धा: The elders ar:: !!! ministers. रघाः वंशः रघुवंशः. Riighu's son Was Adid, Ali's son Dasaratha, ind Dasaratha's son Rina. रघुवंशम्य केनु: The bannel of Raghu's race. तस्य रघुवंश केतो: refers to Räma. अभिषेक निर्वर्नयामासुः Carried out his coronation-bath. निर्वतयामासुः Perfect, 3rd person ..

·FOURTEENTH CANTO 9 plural of the causal of 2 with lär. How was the Coronation: जनन्या: आनन्दजलः प्रारब्धं Begun by the tears of joy of both the mothers. With what was the coronation-hith performer? aut means any waterresort lield as it sacred place of pilgrimage, Ganga for example. नार्थभ्यः आहनानि ते: तीर्थाहृतेः काञ्चनस्य (काञ्चनमयाः) कुम्भाः पु यानि तायानि नः काञ्चनकुम्भतोय: With Waters held in golden jars. : मरित्समुद्रान्सरमीश्च गत्वा रक्षःकपीन्द्ररुपपादितानि । तस्यापतन्मूर्ध्नि जलानि जिष्णोविन्ध्यस्य मेघप्रभवा इवापः॥८॥ The Willers brought by the chiefs of emuls and monkeys ifter going to rivers, seas and lakes, fell on the head of that victor as waters springing from clouds would on the peak of the Vindhyas. 8. मा. तश्च समुद्राश्च नान सरिसमुद्रान् River's like the Gianges and seas like the castern sea ind others. 17:14 And lakes like the Manasa. Tar Having gone to. 791 Indeclinable past participle of 14 Inderlinble past participles are formed by adding at to simple roots and I to roots prefixed with 377015. Jaifa व कपयश्च, नेषां इन्द्राः नेः रक्षःकपीन्द्रः उपपादितानि Fetched by the chiefs of demons and monkeys. जलानि. जेतुं लिमस्य जिष्णुः. Tide Pinimi :-लाजिस्थश्च गस्नु:. तस्य जिष्णोः तस्य Ar 34979 The Waters fell on the head of Rānia An analogy is set out in the last foot of the verse. मंघः प्रभवः यामां ता: मेघप्रभवा: आपः विन्यस्य मृर्ध्नि इव As the ·10 RAGHUTANGA waters of clouds would fall on the top of the Vindhiyas. आप: always feminine plural. Anmart :- आपः वी भूमि वावारि. Decline :--आप अपः अद्भिः अन्यः अन्यः अपां अम. तपखिवेषक्रिययापि तावद्यः प्रेक्षणीयः सुतरां बभूव । राजेन्द्रनेपथ्यविधानशोभा तस्योदितासीत्पुनरुक्तदोषा ॥ ९ ॥ 9. To him that appeared exceedingly handsonlit by the mere wearing of a hermit's dress the beauty lent by the donning of the royal robes was vitiated by superfluity. .. ५. तपम्विन : वषः तस्य क्रिया तया तपस्विवेढुक्रयया अपिE.!} by donning the clothes of the hermit. यस्तावत् मतग 197012 747 Who appeared exceedingly handsome नावत is a rhetorical flourist. तस्य उदिता. राजेन्द्रस्य नेपथ्यं, तम्य विधानं, तन शोभा राजेन्द्र नेपथ्यविधानशोभा The beauty due ti the donning of royal robes पुनरुक्तं दोषः यस्य : ग पुनरुक्तदोषा आसीत् . gari Repetition or redundancy, generally referred to as a literary fault. आमीत Imperfect, 3rd person singular of अम् to be. Con it! . आयात आम्तां आसन, आसीः आम्नं आस्त, आसं आम्ब आन्म. Date :---- : म मोलरक्षोहरिभिः ससैन्यस्तूर्यस्वनानन्दितपोरवर्गः : विवश सोधोगतलाजवर्षामुत्तोरणामन्वयराजधानीम् ॥१० ।। 10. Accompanied by his troops and gladdening the citizens by the sourd of harps, he did, along ·FOURTEENTH CANTO 11 with his hereditary minister's, denions and monkey's, enter his ancestral capital abounding in festcons and showers of fried grain poured forth from mansions. 10. म: Rama. सैन्यैः सह वर्तत इति समन्यः Accompienied by troops. तृर्यस्वनेः आनन्दितः पौराणां वर्ग: येन मः Delighting the citizens with the sounds of harps. तथाभता सन. मुले भवाः मौला: Hereditary ministers. मौलान रक्षायि च हरयश्च तेः मोलरक्षोहरिभिः (सह). धीयत अस्यामिति धानी, राज्ञो धानी राजधानी, अन्वयस्य राजधानी तां अन्वयराजधानी विवेश Entered his family apital. How was the capital? सोधेभ्यः उद्गताः लाजवर्षाः यस्यां तां. The practice in olden days was t) throw showers of fried grain on monarchs in pricessions. For a parallel see the following :- 37711Fi- रन्वयोवृद्धास्तं लाजे: पोरयोषितः Raghu IV-27. उहतः तोरणः FPT AT STOTİ. A lofty outer gate was elected. Anmara:--तोरणोऽस्त्री बहिद्वारम. Here Rama is described is t'ntering the capital after the coronation which took place in the garden adjoining the city. This is a departure from the sequence set out in Rimayani. सौमित्रिणा सावरजेन मन्दमाधूतवालव्यजना रथस्थः । धृतातपत्रो भरतेन साक्षादुपायसंघात इव प्रवृद्धः ॥ ११ ।। 11. Seated in it charict, chowries gently Waled by Lakşmana accompanied by his younger brother, and umbrella held by Bharata, he appeared

·12
RAGHUVAMSA
like the embodiment of a glorious combination of
the (fourfold) political strategy.
11. अवरं जानः अवरज: A Younger brother. अवर जेन
सह वर्तन इति सावरजः, Satrughna is meant by the word
2775 here, because he is the direct younger brother
of Laksmana.
नेन नावर जेन adjectival to सौमित्रिणा
मुभित्राया: अपत्यं पुमान गौमित्रिः तेन. मन्दं आधृत वालव्यजने यस्ट मः
Strai75179: Lakşmanii and Satruglina gently
waved it j'air of chouries for Rama. रथे निधनाति
रथस्थ: Seated on the chariot. भरतन वृतं आतपत्रं यस्य सः
yana92: Bharati lield lie mbrolla tor Rädlich. 795:
मानात उपायानां संघात इव (स्थितः गमः) pees along with विवेश
in the previous verse. The चतुव्यूह of Visnu in illes
form of Riina and otliers itļjeared like the follo
successful Deals of political traiegy 10%..,
Conciliation, 21a Alpeasement, H2 Division slid
दण्ड Ptumhi }}}}}ent.
नाम
प्रासादकालागुरुधृमराजिस्तस्याः पुरो वायुवशेन भिन्ना ।
बनानिवृत्तेन रघूत्तमेन मुक्ता स्वयं वेणिरिवायभासे ।। १२ ।।
12. The whorl of smoke of black ümber issuing
irom the mansions of that cioy and dispersed ly the
wind shone like her braid of hair let loose by the
best of Raghus liimself on lis return from the forest.
12. वायुवशेन भिन्ना Spread about by the force of
the wind. प्रामादेषु कालागुरुधूमः, तस्य गजिः The columy of

·FOURTEENTH CANTO 13 Smoke rising from the incense of black amber tro the big mansions of the city. वनात् निवन्न र नमन म्वयं मुक्ता Released by Rama with his own hand. तस्याः पुरः Genitive singular of पुर. Decline : पः चुरों पुरः, पुरः पुगेः पुरां. वणिरिव आबभाये. Ladies in separttion from their lovers leave their knotted hair 1] ared for, which the lovers on return from exilk are described to comb and dress with their owr. bands. This verse presents the picture of a lady der such circumstances. The city of Ayodhya is referred to by the phrase तम्या: पुर: which is in the f minine gender and as such admits of a comparison with a lady. श्वधूजनानुष्ठितचारुवेषां कीरथस्थां रघुवीरपत्नीम् । प्रामादवातायनदृश्यबन्धैः साकेतनार्योऽञ्जलिभिः प्रणेमुः॥१३।। 13. The ladies of Ayodhiyā did, with their wined palms whose knittings were visible throug! t: windows of mansions, salute the wife of the her (): Raghus, dressed gaily by her mothers-in-law ani sted on it litter. 13. साकेत neans AJodhya. साकेतस्य नार्यः The ladies (1 Ayodhya. प्रणेमुः Saluted. Whom : रघुवीरपत्नी The wife of the hero of Raghus; Sita. How was she: श्वश्रृजनन अनुष्टितः चात: वेषः यस्यास्तां She was beautifully iressed by her mother's-in-law. कीरथे तिष्ठतीति कणी- रथम्था ता कीरथस्थां. कणारथः स्त्रीयोग्यः अल्परथः. Sita was ·14 RAGHUVANSA seated in a lady's palanquin. How did they salute? अनलिभिः With the knit palms of their hands. How Here Analis? प्रासादानां वातायनानि, तषु दृट्याः बन्धाः येषां तैः प्रासादवातायनदृश्य बन्धः The knittings of their loined palms were visible through the windows of malsions. प्रणेमुः = प्र-नेमुः Perfect. 3rd person plura] of नम् . Conjugate :-ननाम नेमतुः नेमुः. नमिथ-ननन्थ नमः नेम, ननाम-ननम नामव नामम. स्फुरत्प्रभामण्डलमानसूयं सा बिभ्रती शाश्वतमङ्गरागम् । रंगज शुदेति पुनः स्वपुर्ये संदर्शिता वहिगतेव भा ।। १४ ॥ 14. Bearing the permanent cosmetic granted by Anasūya, which spread out a balo of lustre, she shone as though exhibited by her husband once again as pure in the midst of fire to his own city. 14. स्फुरत् प्रभामण्डलं यम्य तं Whose ring of lustre flitslied out. अनसूयायाः इमं आनसूयं Given by Anasuyi, wife of Atri. Video Raghu:--अनसूयातिमष्टंन पुण्यगन्धन काननम् । मा चकागारागण पुप्पोचलितषटपदम् ॥ XII-27. शश्वत शाश्वतं Permanent. अङ्गरागं वित्रता Bearing the wguent. The unguent given to Sita by Anasuya was a marvellous one emitting sweet fragrance and shedding brilliance permanently. बिभ्रती Feminine of 1972 Present participle of to bear. सा रराज Sital shone. Hou ? भर्ता म्वपुर्य शुद्धति पुनः वह्निगता मंदर्शितव In the midst of the brilliance of the cosmetic she seemed to be in the midst of fire once more. It may be भव ·FOURTEENTH CANTO 15 recalled that she had once gone into the fire and come out unhurt in Lankā to prove her purity. Now agiin she seemed to be exhibited by her husband in a similar situation to prove her innocence to the satisfaction of the residents of his own city. 73 पुश नम्य स्वपुर्यै. रराज Perfect of राज . Conjugate र राज जतुः-रराजतुः रंजु:-रराजुः, रेजिथ-रराजिथ रेजथुः-रराजथु: रेज-रगज, गज-रज गजव-गाजव जिम-गजिम. केश्मानि रामः परिबर्हवन्ति विश्राण्य सौहार्दनिधिः सुहृमः । बाप्पायमाणो बलिमनिकेतमालेख्यशेषस्य पितुर्विवेश ॥ १५॥ 15. After granting to his friends houses well e !uipped, Rama, a storehouse of friendliness, -edding tear's, entered the chambers, furnished with the equipments of worship, of his father who I'vived but in picture. 15. सुहृदा भावः सौहार्द Friendship. हृद्धगमिन्वन्तं प्रवपदस्य च इन्युभयपदवृद्धिः. मोहादस्य निधिः सौहार्दनिधि: A store- House of friendliness, रामः, शोभनं हृदयं येषां ते मुहृदः formed under Painini :-सुहृदुहृदो मित्रामित्रयोः. सुहृभ्यः T) friends like Sugrīvät and others. परिबहः एषामस्ताति Pricigita Provided with royal luxuries. Amara :- पछिदे नृपाऽर्थे परिबहः. वेदमानि विश्राण्य Having given houses. विश्राण्य Indeclinable past participle of श्रण with वि, 10tli conjugation. श्रण दाने चुरादिः प्रायेण विपूर्वः. आलेख्यं शंषं यम्य आलंग्यशेष: His father' survived but in picture.

·16 RAGHITAMSA आलेख्यशेषस्य पितुः. बलि: अस्मिन्नम्तीति बलिमत् निकेतं The premises where his father had conducted worship. ant उहमन् बाप्पायमाण: Shedding tears. वाप्पोम पामुद्रमने इनि क्यप्रत्ययः. विवेश. कृताञ्जलिस्तत्र यदम्ब सत्यान्नाभ्रश्यत स्वर्गफलाद्गुरुनः । तच्चिन्त्यमानं सुकृतं तवेति जहार लज्जां भरतस्य मातुः।।१६। 16. There he removed the sale of Bisratta mother by saying with folded films, Onthe", that our father did not depart from truth whose fruit is Heaven is, when properly considered, due to your own merit.' 16. 72 In that llouse. कृ.न: अत्राल: यन यः कृताञ्जलि Rāma with folded palms. I'le pir-Sitge from 11a 11p ti 7a represents the words in ddressed lix Rama to Kaikeli. है अम्ब Mother. अम्बा, अका and अदा Short their final 371 in the locative singular. Pinini:- अम्बाथन द्याईस्व:. 7: F. Our father Dasaratha. म्वगः फलं उम्र तम्मान स्वर्गफलात मन्यात न अघ्रश्यत इति यत The boon had hen promised long irgo in Dasaratha to Kaikeyi. If Kaikeyi had not insisted on the granting of the boon he would become a promise-breaker ind gone to hell whereas due to the insistence of Kaikevi he kept his word and went to Heaven. तत चिन्त्यमानं The fact of our father's not werving from truth, when duly considered. तव सुकृतं It is your own good act.

·FOURTEENTH CANTO 17 इति Saying so. भरतस्य मातुः लज्जां जहार. Apart from his own respect for Kaikeyi, he had great esteem for her as Bharata's mother. तथैव सुग्रीवविभीषणादीनुपाचरत्कृत्रिमसंविधाभिः । संकल्पमात्रोदितसिद्धयस्ते क्रान्ता यथा चेतसि विसयेन ॥१७॥ 17. He served Sugriva, Vibhisana. and others with the luxuries of enjoyment procurable by man to such an extent that notwithstanding their power to have anything for the nere wish, they were struck with wonder in their hearts. 17. सुग्रीवश्च बिभीषणश्च, तावादी येषां तान सुग्रीवविभीषणादीन् All the monkeys and Raksasas headed by Sugrīva and Vibhisana. संविधायन्ते इति संविधाः Articles of enjoyment. कृत्रिमाश्च ता: संविधाश्च ताभिः तथैव उपाचरत् Rama served them with comforts that human skill could offer. संकल्प एव संकल्पमात्रं, तेन उदिता सिदिः येषां ते संकल्प- मात्रादितसिद्धयः ते Sugriva and his friends being of divine origin as also Vibhisana and his friends being Räkşasas were possessed of powers to get anything by a mere thought. It can therefore be presumed that the objects called into being by a mere exercise of their minds will be superior. Even they were struck with wonder at the enjoyments offered by Rama. चेतसि विस्मयेन यथा कान्ताः तथैव To such an extent. सभाजनायोपगतान्स दिव्यान्मुनीन्पुरस्कृत्य हतस्य शत्रोः । शुश्राव तेभ्यः प्रभवादि वृत्तं स्वविक्रमे गौरवमादधानम् ॥१८॥ यथा ·18 RAGHUVAMSA 18. After receiving the divine sages that came to honour him, he heard from them the history, starting from the birth, of the foe killed by him, which enhanced the esteem of his heroism. सभाजनाय उपगतान. 18. मः Rama. सभाजनं Noun form of सभाज् to honour, 10th Conjugation. दिवि भवान् दिव्यान् मुनीन् पुरस्कृत्य After paying his respects to Agastya and other celestial sages that came to honour him. हनम्य शत्रो: refers to Ravana. प्रभव : आदि: TEZ 77 quart i Rāvana's history from his very birth. 2: 27 Heard from them. How was that history : स्वस्य विक्रमः तस्मिन स्वविक्रमे. गुरोर्भावः गौरवं Accusative, object of 373918. The story of Ravana (onferred esteem on his own valour. The greater the foe, the greater is one's own heroism. 31791 Present Participle of with 311, 3rd conjugation in the Itmanepada. T819 Perfect of . प्रतिप्रयातेषु तपोधनेषु सुखादविज्ञातगतार्धमासान् । सीतास्वहस्तोपहृताग्यपूजान्रक्षःकपीन्द्रान्विससर्ज रामः ॥१९॥ 19. When the sages had gone back, Rama bade adieu to the chiefs of demons and monkeys who had spent half a month unnoticed in their joy and to whom the foremost honours were presented by Sità with her own hand. 19. तप एव धनं येषां ते तपोधनाः Sages whose wealth was penance. तपोधनेषु प्रतिप्रयातेषु (मत्सु) Locative ·FOURTEENTH CANTO 19 सुखात् अवि- Absolute. When the sages went back. ज्ञात एव गतः अर्धमासः येषां तान् A fortnight had elapsed without being noticed in their joy by the lordly Raksasas and monkeys. सीतायाः स्वहस्तेन उपहृता अग्र्यपूजा येषां तान्. अग्रे भवा अया. रक्षांसि च कपयश्च तेषां इन्द्रान. रामः विसर्ज Rāma sent them away. तच्चात्मचिन्तासुलभं विमानं हृतं सुरारेः सह जीवितेन । कैलासनाथाद्वहनाय भूयः पुष्पं दिवः पुष्पकमन्वमस्त ॥२०॥ 20. And that aerial car wrested from the demon along with his life, the Puspaka, the flower : the sky, which would respond to his call at the ere thought, he permitted to serve again as the vehicle of Kubera, the lord of Kailāsa. 20. आत्मनः चिन्ता, नया सुलभं The idea is that Rama let off the Puspakä on the understanding that it tould come back to serve him whenever he thought of it. सुरागः, the enemy of gods, refers to Ravana. सुगरेः जावितेन मह हृतं Seized by Rana together with the ife of bis foe. On the death of Rävana in the battle the chariot passed into the custody of Rāna. ca: पुष्पं The flower of Heaven. तच्च पुष्पक विमानं भूयः Again. are ghar For bearing Kubera. The aerial ar originally belonged to Kubera from whom it was seized by force by his younger brother Rāvana and taken to Laikā. Hence it is now being sent back to Kubera, the rightful owner. stranita Aorist, 3rd person singular of #7 with a to consent to.

·20 RAGHUVANSA पितुर्नियोगाद्वनवासमेवं निस्तीर्य रामः प्रतिपन्नराज्यः। धर्मार्थकामेषु समां प्रपेदे यथा तथैवावरजेषु वृत्तिम् ।। २१ ॥ 21. After thus serving his period of life in the forest at his father's bidding, Rāma on assuming the kingship, meted out an equal treatment towards his junior brothers exactly as he did towards Dharma, Artha and Kama-virtue, wealth and pleasures. 21 पितुः नियोगात् At the command of his father'. वनवासं एवं निम्तीर्य Having thus gone through life in the forest. Fatrans Indeclinable past participle of #with fa to ('ross, to get over. प्रतिपन्नराज्यः यन् रामः Rama on coming back to his throne. धर्मश्च अर्थश्च कामश्च धर्मार्थकामाः called त्रिवर्ग-the triple end of life. Along with मोक्ष they are called 37791_the fourfold end of life. तथैव अवरजेपु समां वृति प्रपो He meted out an equal treatment to all his three younger lira ther's. सर्वासु मातृष्वपि वत्सलत्वात्स निर्विशेषप्रतिपत्तिरासीत् । षडाननापीतपयोधरासु नेता चमूनामिव कृत्तिकासु ॥ २२ ॥ 22. He entertained an equal regard towards all his mothers due to affection as the commander of troops (Subrahmany:) ti waruis all the Krttikās at whose breasts milk was sucked by his six faces. 22. स: Rama. वत्मः (प्रेमा) अस्यास्तीति वत्सलः Affectionate, वत्सांसाभ्यां कामबल इति लच. वत्सलस्य भावः वत्सलवं. A यथा ·FOURTEENTH CANTO 21 noun takes the suffix ता (तल्) or त्व to denote its abstract quality. The abstract noun formed by the addition of ar takes the feminine gender, and that ending in a the neuter gender, नस्य भावस्त्वतलो, त्वान्तं कीबम् , तलन्तं स्त्रियाम् . वत्सल वान सर्वासु मातृष्वपि Towards all his mothers. निर्गता विशेषात् निर्विशेषा, निर्विशेषा प्रतिपत्तिः यस्य सः निर्विशेषप्रतिपत्तिः आसीत. An analogy for the equal treatment meted out by Rāma towards all his father's wives is set out in the second half of the verse. चमनां नेता The commander of the divine troops-Lord Subrahmanya. षभिः आननै: आपीताः पयोधराः यासां तासु षडान- नापीतपयोधरासु कृनिकासु इव. कृत्तिकाs are a constellation of six stars who suckled the baby Subrahmanya as he was cast out into the forest of reeds by the Gangetic stream. Since all the six Krttikās longed to give milk to the child with their breasts, the baby-lord took six faces and suckled at their breasts. तेनार्थवाल्लोभपराङ्मुखेन तेन नता विघ्नभयं क्रियावान् । तेनास लोकः पितृमान्विनेत्रा तेनैव शोकापनुदेन पुत्री ॥ २३ ॥ 23. By him as he was averse to greed, were the people possessed of riches; by him as he dispelled the fear of obstacles did they succeed in their works; by him, their controller, were they possessed of a father; and in hini they had a son, a remover of their grief that he was. 23. लोकः, a collective noun meaning the people.' लोभात् पराङ्मुखः तेन लोभपराङ्मुखेन तेन Through him who ·22 RAGHUVAMSA - was averse to hoarding. He was munificent to huic subjects whenever they were in need. अर्थः अस्यास्तीति अर्थवान् आस Became possessed of riches. They were ever rich since they could count upon his bounty at any time. 3774 an Indeclinable seeming like a predicate in the Perfect tense 3rd person singular of अम् to be. तिङन्तप्रतिम्पकमव्ययं. For, strictly speaking, the predicate formed of अस् in the Perfect will be बभूव. विनेभ्यः भयं विघ्नभयं Fear of impediments, object of घ्नता Instrumental singular of नत् Present participle of हन् . नता तेन क्रियावान् आस Since he was eter vigilant in the removal of impediments the people carried on their work unmolested. विनेत्रा नेन पितृमान आम As he was there to guide them, the people had a father in him. शोकं अपनुदाति शोकापनु दः. The root नुद witl) अप to dispei. takes the suffix # when preceded by F if the resultant compound conveys the bringer of happiress (सुखस्य आहा). In any othe sense the compound will ise 191771?: One who dispeli misnry by teaching the triviality of the worldly existence. Vide Panini:-- तुन्दशोकयोः परिमृजापनुदोः and Vartika :---आलस्य मखाहरणयार्मि- वक्तव्यम् . शोका पनुदेन तेनैव, पुत्रः अस्यास्तानि पुत्री आस The peopl: had a son in him. स पोरकार्याणि समीक्ष्य काले रेमे विदेहाधिपतेर्दुहित्रा । उपस्थितश्चारु वपुस्तदीयं कृत्वोपभोगोत्सुकयेव लक्ष्म्या ॥२४।. 24. After attending to the affairs of citizens at the proper hour, le diverted himself, being waiter ·FOURTEENTH CANTO 23 upon by the daughter of the king of Videhas, who looked like Lakşmi having taken her elegant body in eagerness to enjoy him. 24. स: Rama. काले At the proper hour. पौराणां FITTIT Gitarzfior The affairs of the citizens; their petitions, disputes etc. समीक्ष्य After serutinising. विदेहानां अधिपतिः विदेहाधिपतिः The king of Videhas, Janaka. तस्य दुहित्रा By his daughter Sita. उपस्थितः सन् Being attended upon. 1A Sported. An analogy is set out for Sītā through a poetic faney. उपभोगे उत्सुका तया उपभोगोत्सुकया Being eager for his enjoyment. तस्याः इदं तदीयं चारु वपुः Firal Having taken Sitia's elegant body. 977 59 Like the royal glory. It seemed as if Rajyalakşmi herself had taken the form of Sītā for enjoying her lord. रेमे Perfect tense of रम् . Conjugate :--रेमे रेमाते रेमिरे, रेमिप रेमाथे रेमिध्व, रेमे रेमिवहे रेमिमहे. तयोर्यथाप्रार्थितमिन्द्रियार्थाना दुषोः सबसु चित्रवत्सु । प्राप्तानि दुःखान्यपि दण्डकेषु संचिन्त्यमानानि सुखान्यभूवन् ।। 25. As they both realised the pleasures of senses in keeping with their wish in apartments decorated with designs, the sufferings undergone by them in the Dandaka woods did, when recalled to the mind, contribute to their felicity. 25. चित्राणि एषु सन्तीति चित्रवन्ति तेषु चित्रवत्सु सद्मसु In houses furnished with pictures. It may be presumed ·24 RAGHUVAŃSA that the pictures were of the incidents of Rāma's forest-life. प्रार्थितं अनतिक्रम्य यथाप्रार्थितं According to their wish. इन्द्रियाणां अर्थाः तान् इन्द्रियार्थान् . आसेदुषोः Genitive dual of आसेदिवम् Perfect participle of सद् with आ. Panini:-भाषायां सदवसभ्रवः. तयोः To Rama and Sita. दण्डकेषु प्राप्तानि दुःखान्यपि Even the miseries suffered in the Dandaka woods. संचिन्त्यमानानि On being remembered. gaifa 37497 Became the instrument of happiness; yielded happiness. अभूवन् Aorist, 3rd person plural Conjugate :- अभृत् अभृतां अभूवन , अभः अभृतं अभूत, अभूवं अभूव अभूम. of भू. अथाधिकस्निग्धविलोचनेन मुखेन सीता शरपाण्डुरेण । आनन्दयित्री परिणेतुरासीदनक्षरव्यञ्जितदोहदेन ॥ २६ ॥ 26. Afterwards with her face possessed of much enchanting eyes, pale like the reed and as such communicative of her pregnancy without words, Sītā gladdened her husband. 26. This and the next verse refer to the marks of pregnancy on Sitil's person. अथ सीता मुखेन परिणेतुः आनन्दयित्री आसीत् How was Sita face? (1) अधिक निग्धं विलोचनं यस्मिंस्तेन अधिकस्निग्धविलोचनेन. स्निग्ध Glossy. The eyes on Sita's face were extremely glossy or charmiing. (2) शरवत् पाण्डुरं तेन शरपाण्डुरण. (3) न विद्यते अक्षरं यस्मिन् कर्मणि तत्तथा अनक्षरं, अनक्षरं व्यजितः दोहदः येन तेन अनक्षरव्यञ्जितदोहदेन. दोहद Pregnancy.

·FOURTEENTH CANTO 25 तामङ्कमारोप्य कृशाङ्गयष्टिं वर्णान्तराकान्तपयोधराग्राम् । विलज्जमानां रहसि प्रतीतः पप्रच्छ रामां रमणोऽभिलाषम् ॥ 27. Her frame grew slender, and the tips of her breasts underwent a change of colour. The husband who knew (her pregnancy) took the fair lady on his lap in private its she felt shy and asked her her desire. 27. तां अङ्क आरोग्य After taking her on his lap. How was she ? (1) कृशा अङ्गयष्टिः यम्याम्तां Her pretty frame was thin. (2) अन्यो वर्णः वर्णान्तरं, नेन आक्रान्तो पयोधरयोः अग्रौ ariei The change of colour in the tips of breasts is another sign of pregnancy. (3) विलज्जमानां Feeling shy. (4) रामां A fair lady. Vide Amara:--सुन्दरी रमणी राना. para: One who knew, of her pregnancy in the context. रमणः Her hushand. रहसि अभिलाषं पप्रच्छ Perfect 3rd person singular of 733 to ask. The root #779 governs two objects--ai and 371H7310. रमणः तां अभिलाषं पप्रच्छ. Change the Voice :-रमणेन सा अभिलाषं पप्रच्छे. In changing the voice into the passive of the root 775 the Indirect object takes the nominative case. Vide Karika :-- गौणे कर्मणि दुह्यादेः प्रधाने नाहकृष्वहाम् . सा दष्टनीवारबलीनि हिंस्रैः संबद्धवैखानसकन्यकानि । इयेष भूयः कुशवन्ति गन्तुं भागीरथीतीरतपोवनानि ॥ २८ ॥ 28. She desired once again to go to the penancegroves on the banks of the Bhagirathi, abounding ·26 RAGHUVAMSA in reeds, where the offerings of wild rice were devoured by wild animals and where she had made friends with the maidens of hermits. 28. सा भूयः इयेष She again desired. इयष Perfect of इष् to wish. What did she wish? What did she wish: भागीरथ्याः तारयोः यानि तपोवनानि तानि गन्तुं To go to the penance-groves or the banks of the Ganges. भागीरथः is so called, because the river was brought down from heaven through the efforts of Bhagiratha. भगीरथम्यापत्यं स्त्री भागीरथी. तपसः (तपसे वा) वनानि तपोवनानि How were the penancegroves : (1) हिंधेः, दयाः नावारा एव बलयः येषु नानि. हिंस्र refer's to wild bulls and others. alatt Wild corn. बलि means offerings to animals, beggars ete. It is the practice to leave balls of cooked rice at or near the door's of houses for dogs, (HOU's ind other animals to eat. हिंत्र = हिंम् + र (नाच्छीन्य). हिमितुं झालं एषामिति हिम्राः. Vidit: Panini :-~-नमिकाम्पस्म्य जमकमहिनदीपो र:. (2) संबद्धाः वैखानसानां कन्यकाः ये तु तानि संबद्धवैग्वानग्मकन्यकानि !'t she fraternised with lirmmit-maidaalis. विखनमा प्राक्तन मागण वन्त इति वैखानसः A Vānaprastha or a Dvija wlu retires to the forest after serving गृहण्याचम or the householder's life (3) कुशा: एए मन्नानि कुशवन्ति Abounding in !'((ls. तस्यै प्रतिश्रुत्य रघुप्रवीरस्तदीप्सितं पार्श्वचरानुयातः । आलोकयिष्यन्मुदितामयोध्यां प्रासादमभ्रंलिहमारुरोह ।। २९ । 29. After promising her her desire the hero of Raghus followed by his attendant mounted the palace ·FOURTEENTH CANTO 27 which touched the sky in order to witness Ayodliyi in her rejoicing. 29. रघूणां प्रवीरः रघुप्रवीरः The best of Raghus. तस्य तत् , आप्तुं इष्टं ईप्सितं प्रतिश्रुल After promising her the request. पार्थचरेण अनुयातः सन Followed by his attendant. मुदिताम् अयोध्यां आलोकयिष्यन With a view to seeing the opulent city of Ayodhyii. अभ्रं लेढीति अभंलिहं. वहाभ्रे लिहः इति खशप्रत्ययः, अमर्दिषदजन्तस्य मुम् इति मुमागमः, अभ्रंलिहं प्रासादं आरुरोह Got up the palace which touched the skies. So lofty it was. ऋद्धापणं राजपथं स पश्यन्विगाह्य मानां सरयूं च नौभिः । विलासिभिश्चाध्युषितानि पौरैः पुरोपकण्ठोपवनानि रेमे ॥ ३० 30. He took delight on seeing the thoroughfare full of thriving slops, the Sara yū being ploughed by boats and the parks adjoining the city occupied by the gay folks of the city. 30. This verse brings out three features which: reveal the opulence of the city. स. पक्ष्यन रेमे He Maar delighted on seeing. On seeing that: (1) ऋद्ध: आपणाः यम्मिस्तं ऋद्वापणं Possessed of Wealthy shops, adjectival to राजपथं. राज्ञः पन्थाः राजपथः तं. पथिन् at the end of a compound changes to 99. Vide Pāṇini :--Farbe:- पथामानक्षे. राजपथ A public road. (2) नोभिः विगाह्यमान सरयूं Boats were plying brisk on the river Sarayt.. the modern Sutlej. (3) विलासिभिः पोरेः अध्युषितानि, पुरम्य ·28 RAGHUVAMSA उपकण्ठे यानि उपवनानि तानि च. These three nouns in the Accusative case are to be taken along with पश्यन . पश्यन् Present participle of दृश् to see. स किंवदन्ती वदतां पुरोगः खवृत्तमुद्दिश्य विशुद्धवृत्तः। साधिराजोरुभुजोऽपसर्फ पप्रच्छ भद्रं विजितारिभद्रः॥३१॥ 31. He, the foremost among eloquent speakers, possessed of a pure character and of mighty arms resembling the king of serpents, who had conquered a most powerful foe, asked his spy named Bhadra about any rumour relating to his conduct as 31. वदतां Genitive plural of वदत् Present parti. cipial form of वद. पुर: गच्छाति पुरोगः, वदतां पुरोगः The chief among speakers, adjectival to 7: Räma. Jag वृत्तं यस्य स: विशुद्धवृत्तः Possessed of a pure character. afri 31:13: The king of serpents, Adiseșa. 231.38 भुजी यम्य मः मधिराजोरुभुजः Whose turms were as mighty Idisesa. 72: means 212:. 37510i H2: refers to Ravana. विजित: अरिभद्रः यन स: विजितारिभद्रः Who had conquered a most powerful foe. All these are adjectival to 9. In the place of विजितारिभद्रः, there is also the reading fazaz: One who impeded the good luck of his enemies. म्वनिमुद्दिश्य Relating to his conduct. 1992-ai The rumour. Amara :-किंवदन्ती जन- श्रुतिः. अपसर्प A spy. Amara :-अपसर्पश्चर: स्पशः. अपसर्प भद्रं पप्रच्छ Asked his spy who was named Bhadra. पप्रच्छ governs two objects-भद्र and किंवदन्ती.

·FOURTEENTH CANTO 29 निर्बन्धपृष्टः स जगाद सर्व स्तुवन्ति पौराश्चरितं त्वदीयम् । अन्यत्र रक्षोभवनोषितायाः परिग्रहान्मानवदेव देव्याः ॥३२॥ 32. Pressed for an answer, he said, 'King, the citizens praise all your deeds other than the acceptance of the queen who had put up in the demon's home.' 32. निबन्धेन पृष्टः निर्बन्धपृष्टः Asked with pressure. सः The sp!'. जगाद Suid. हे मानवदेव O lord of men. रक्षसः भवनं, तम्मिन् उषितायाः. रक्षोभवनोषिताया:. उषित = वस् +त. देव्याः परिग्रहात् अन्यत्र Excepting your taking back Sita who resided in Ravana's home. तव इदं त्वदीयं. सर्व चरितं. पुरे भवाः Dit:. faisa Present tense, 3rd person plural of FI, 2nd Conjugation in the Parasmaipada. Conjugate:- स्तीति-स्तानि स्तुनः-स्तुवीतः स्तुवन्ति etc. कलत्रनिन्दागुरुणा किलैवमभ्याहतं कीर्तिविपर्ययेण । अयोधनेनाय इवाभितप्तं वैदेहिबन्धोर्हदयं विदद्रे ।। ३३ ।। 33. Blown out by the infamy unbearable by the scandal thus relating to his wife, the heart of Vaidehi's friend broke like heated iron struck by i hammer. 3:3. एवं किल कल बनिन्दया गुरुणा कीर्तिविपर्ययेण अभ्याहतं. वैदेह्याः बन्धुः तस्य वैदेहिबन्धोः. The shortening of the final ई in वैदेही is traceable to Panini: - ड्यापोः संज्ञाच्छन्दसोर्बहुलम् ..

·30 RAGHUVAMSA Example:-कालिदासः. हृदयं विदद्रे Rama's heart broke. Like what: अयोधनेन अभितप्तं अय इव. किमात्मनिर्वादकथामुपेक्षे जायामदोषामुत संत्यजामि । इत्येकपक्षाश्रयविक्लबत्वादासीत्स दोलाचलचित्तवृत्तिः ॥३४॥ 34. Shall I neglect the reported scandal about nie? Or shall I forswear ! faultless wife Out findecision to resort to one of the two alternatives he had his mental attitude tossing like a swing. 34. आत्मनः निर्वाद एव कथा तां किं उपक्षे उत अदोषां जायां मंत्यजामि. Both are questions suggesting two alteriatives. इति एकपक्षस्य आश्रये विकबत्वं तम्मात् Out of the want of grit to follow either course. म: Rama. दोलेव चला चित्तवृत्तिः यम्य सः आसीत् . In the place of उपक्षे and संत्य जामि some editions lead उपेक्षे and संत्य जानि in the Inperative mood. निश्चित्य चानन्यनिवृत्ति वाच्यं त्यागेन पत्नयाः परिमाष्टुमैच्छत् । अपि स्वदेहाकिमुतेन्द्रियार्थाद्यशोधनानां हि यशो गरीयः ॥३५ 35. Adjudging the scandal as otherwise innj'ossible to prevent, he sought to wipe it off by forsäking his wife. For, to men to whom fame is wealth, time is much more valuable than their own body, thy need say,--than the object of senses ? 35. वाच्यं Scandal, Accusative. न विद्यते अन्येन निवृत्तिः यस्य तत् अनन्यनिवृत्ति As one that cannot be removed by ·FOURTEENTH CANTO 31 पत्न्याः any other means. निधित्य Having concluded. त्यागेन By the abandonment of his wife. परिमाष्टुं To wipe out, Infinitive of purpose of मृज् with परि. ऐच्छत् He desired, Imperfect tense of इष. Rama's resolve is justified by a general statement which is set out in the second half of the verse by way of अर्थान्तरन्यास. हि Because. यशः धनं येषां तेषां यशोधनानां स्व- दहादपि यशः गरीय: Comparative degree of गुरु. इन्द्रियार्थात गरीय इति किमुत Why need say: स संनिपात्यावरजान्हतौजास्तद्विक्रियादर्शनलुप्तहर्षान् । कोलीनमात्माश्रयमाचचक्षे तेभ्यः पुनश्चेदमुवाच वाक्यम् ॥३६।। 36. With brightuess extinct he assembled his younger brothers and as their cheer faded at the sight of the change of expression on his face, told them the scandal relating to himself and added the following words:- 36. हतं ओजः यस्य यः हतोजाः सः Rima with his lustre limmed. अवरं जातान् अवरजान् His three younger brothers. मंनिपात्य Indeclinable past participle of the causal of 77 with i and fo to come together. How were the three : तस्य विक्रियायाः दर्शनेन लुप्तः हर्षः येषां तान् adjectival to अवरजान्. विकिया Change of expression in the face. आत्माश्रयं कोलानं तेभ्यः आचचक्षे. कुले (जनसमूहे) भवं कोलीनं A scandal, because it springs from the public. Vide Amara:--स्यात्कोलीनं लोकवादः. पुनः इदं वाक्यं उवाच च. उवाच Perfect 3rd person singular of a changes to 7 in all ·32 RAGHUVAMŚA Vide Panini:-ब्रुवो वचि:. non-conjugational tenses. उवाच ऊचतुः ऊचु:. राजर्षिवंशस्य रविप्रसूतेरुपस्थितः पश्यत कीदृशोऽयम् । मत्तः सदाचारशुचेः कलङ्कः पयोदवातादिव दर्पणस्य ॥ ३७॥ 37. 'Lo! See what sort of stigma has come upon the family of royal sages sprung from the Sun on acount of me, pure as I am, with a righteous conduct as stain would overtake a mirror through the breeze of clouds. 37. रव: प्रसूति: यस्य तस्य रविप्रसूते: Sprung from the Sun. गजाणां वंशः तस्य राजर्षिवंशस्य TO the family of royal sages. A king undergoing a rigorous discipline of life is called a राजर्पि. सदाचाण शुचिः तस्मात् सदाचारशुचेः adjectival t() मन: From me. मत्त: formed by adding the Ablative suffix तस (तमिल ). दशः कलङ्कः उपस्थितः What Sort of stigma has attached. पयोदवानात् दपणस्येव This phrase sets out an analogy. पश्यत Imperative, 2nd person plural of दृा. क इव पश्यति (ज्ञानविषयो भवति) कादशः. Similar) : तादशः, या दश:, मादशः (tc. पोरेषु सोऽहं बहुलीभवन्तमपां तरङ्गेष्विव तैलबिन्दुम् । सोढुं न तत्पूर्वमवर्णमीशे आलानिकं स्थाणुमिव द्विपेन्द्रः ॥३८॥ 38. 'In these circumstances I am not able to put up with the novel scandal spreading fast among the citizens like a drop of oil in the waves of water ·FOURTEENTH CANTO 33 just as a tusker would not put up with the post to which he is tied. 38. ISË Myself being situate in these circumstances, न ईशे I am not able. To do what : अवर्णं सोढुं. अवर्ण Scandal. Amara:-अवर्णाक्षेपनिर्वादपरीवादापवादवत् . सोढुं Infinitive of purpose of 7. Similarly aig. I am not able to endure this scandal. How is अवर्णः: स एव पूर्वः यस्य तं तत्पूर्व Which has come up for the first time freshly arisen. Further. पौरेषु बहुलीभवन्तं Spreading fast among citizens. Like what? अपां तरङ्गेषु तेलबिन्दुमिव Like a drop of oil in the waves of water. The unbearableness of the scandal is brought home by in analogy. आलानमेव आलानिकं A tying post. स्थाणुं द्विपेन्द्र 39 Just as a tusker would not brook a confinement in the tying post. तस्यापनोदाय फलप्रवृत्तावुपस्थितायामपि नियंपेक्षः। त्यक्ष्यामि वैदेहसुतां पुरस्तात्समुद्रनेमिं पितुराज्ञयेव ।। ३९ ।। 39. 'For removing that scandal and despite the impending fruition, I shall, without solicitude, abandon the daughter of the king of Videhas as I formerly did the Earth bounded by the seas at the bidding of my father. 39. तस्य (अवर्णस्य) अपनोदाय To dispel that scandal. फलप्रवृनो उपस्थितायामपि Although fruition is fast ipproaching. The fruit intended is childbirth for Sitā. निर्गता व्यपेक्षा यस्य सः निर्व्यपेक्षः सन् Without showing any 3 ·34 RAGHUVAMSA solicitude. विदेहानां राजा वैदेहः, तस्य सुतां वैदेहसुतां त्यक्ष्यामि 2nd Future, 1st person singular of 249 to abandon. An analogy for the present relinquishment of Sitā by Rama is set out thus. पुरस्तात् Formerly. पितुराज्ञया समुद्नेमि इव. समुद्रः नेमिः यस्याः सा समुद्रनेमिः etymologically, Girt by the seas, a name for the Earth. अवैमि चैनामनघेति किंतु लोकापवादो बलवान्मतो मे । छाया हि भूमेः शशिनो मलत्वेनारोपिता शुद्धिमतः प्रजाभिः ४० 40. I do know she is faultless, but the popular scandal is too much for me. The shadow of the earth is ascribed by the people as a stain to the Moon possessed of purity. 40. एनां अनति अवमि. एतां and एनां ure forms of the Accusative singular of gaz feminine. mai occurs when अन्वदेश is intended. (Otherwise एतां. Vide Panini :-द्वितीयाटास्वनः and the Vrtti thereunder. किंचिकार्य विधातुमुपात्तस्य कार्यान्तरं विधातुं पुनरुपादानमन्वादेशः. Here Sítā has been referred to as ágegai in the foregoing A second reference to her here is therefore अन्वादेश. अर्वाम= अव+ एमि Present tense, 1st person Singular of इ. न विद्यते अघं यम्या. सा अनघा Spotless. किंतु मे लोकापवादः बलवान् मतः But the popular scandal is regarded by me as more powerful. This idea is substantiated by an analogy set out in the second half of the verse. हि Because. भूमेः छाया The reflection of the earth. शुद्धिमतः शशिनः मलत्वेन प्रजाभिः आरोपिता. velse.

·FOURTEENTH CANTO
35
Fellse
छाया means either shadow or 'eflection. If the latter
were intended, it refers to the permanent
dark patch in the middle of the Moon which the
poets describe variously as a hare, deer and so on.
This construction is adopted by Mallinatha. If the
former sense viz., shadow be intended, it may be
taken as a reference to the lunar eclipse.
रक्षावधान्तो न च मे प्रयासो व्यर्थः स वैरप्रतिमोचनाय ।
अमर्षणः शोणितकासया किं पदा स्पृशन्तं दशति द्विजिदः॥४१
.
41. 'My effort culminating in the slaughter
of the demon has not been in vain. It has served
nie for wreaking my vengeance. Is it for the love
of blood that the irate serpent bites a person who
touches him by the foot?
41. च-किंच Mocover.
रक्षसः वधः अन्तः यस्य सः
रक्षावधान्तः म प्रयासः व्यर्थो न. सः refers t() प्रयासः. वरस्य प्रतिमोचनं
तम्मे For the retaliation of the wrong done. अमर्षणः.
द्वे जिह्वे यस्य सः द्विजिह्वः A snake lit., the two-tongued ome.
पदा Instrumental singular of पाद (01 पद, स्पृशन्तं (पुरुष)
ZTT1071671 Ftía. A snake bites a trampler not fer
blood, but for retaliation for his trampling. Similarly
all my effort was not for the sake of Sitā, but for
punishing the wrongdoer.
तदेष सर्गः करुणाचित्तैर्न मे भवद्भिः प्रतिषेधनीयः ।
यद्यर्थिता निहतवाच्यशल्यान्प्राणान्मया धारयितुं चिरं वः ॥४२

·36 RAGHUVAMSA (ourse. 42. 'Hence this resolve of mine should not be frustrated by you with hearts oozing with mercy it it is your wish that I should for a long time hold my life free from the pain of blasphemy.' 42. तत् an Indeclinable meaning therefore. ष में सर्ग: This resolve of mine. Amans :-सर्गः स्वभावनिर्मोक्ष- निश्रया यायमृष्टिपु. करणया आई चिनं येषां तैः करुगाईचित्तः Possessed of hearts wet with pity. भवद्भिः न प्रतिषेधनीयः Out of compassion for Sīti you must not object to this Or taking pity on me, you shall refrair. from objecting to my proposal. निहतं वाच्यमेव शल्यं यषां ara groma. gru is always used in the masculine plural Her far riad So as to make me hold my life long. 2: trial off If you wish for it. अर्थयत इति अर्थी, तस्य भाव Grunt. I can live only if I am freed from scandal. इत्युक्तवन्तं जनकात्मजायां नितान्तरुक्षाभिनिवेशमीशम् । न कश्चन भ्रातृषु तेषु शक्तो निषेद्धमासीदनुमोदितुं वा ॥४३ ।। 43. As he said thus, none among the brother: Was able either to oppose or to support their maste: who had taken a very grim resolve towards the daughter of Janaka. 43. इति उत्तवन्तं. जनका मजायां नितान्तं रक्षः अभिनिवेश यस्य नं Who had taken an extremely cruel resolve The master, here refers to Ruma. Infinitivi purpose of inal with to prohibit. Hij In." finitive of purpose of it? with 347 to approve of. ।

·FOURTEENTH CANTO 37 स लक्ष्मणं लक्ष्मणपूर्वजन्मा विलोक्य लोकत्रयगीतकीर्तिः। मौम्यति चाभाष्य यथार्थभाषी स्थितं निदेशे पृथगादिदेश ॥४४ 44. Lakşmana's elder brother wliose praise was sung by all the three worlds and who was always true to his word, looked at Lakşniana who ever stood at his bidding, addressed him, 'Gentle one,' and ordered him separately. 44. पूर्व जन्म यस्य सः पूर्व जन्मा An elder brother. लक्ष्मणस्य प्रवजन्मा is the first adjective to सः. त्रयः अवयवाः अस्य समुदायस्यति त्रयं, लोकानां त्रयं, तन गीता कार्तिः यस्य सः Whose praise Was sung ly all the three worlds. अर्थमननिक्रम्य यथार्थ, यथार्थ भापितुं शीलमस्येति यथार्थभाषी सः निदेशे स्थिनं लक्ष्मणं विलोक्य हे सौम्य इति आभाष्य च पृथक आदिदेश Ordered him apitit i.e., to the exclusion of Bharata aud Śtrughna. प्रजावती दोहदशंसिनी ते तपोवनेषु स्पृहयालुरेव । स त्वं रथी तद्यपदेशनयां प्रापय्य वाल्मीकिपदं त्यजेनाम् ॥४५॥ 45. 'Your sister-in-law, as she betrayed her wish consequent on pregnancy, is already keen tu visit the penance-forests. You shall therefore mount a chariot and leadmg her under that pretext, take lier to Vālmīki's place and there leave hier.' vel'se 45. This sets out Rama's order to -Laksmana. दोहद: The wish of a pregnant woman. दोहदशंसिनी ते प्रजावती Brother's wife. Amara:-प्रजावती

·38
RAGHUVAMSA
भ्रातृजाया. तपावनपु स्पृहयालुरेव. 'स्पहिगृहि—' इत्यादिना आलुच् प्रत्यय:
सः त्वं रथी सन् तद्यपदेशेन नेयां एनां वाल्मीकिपदं प्रापथ्य त्यज.
स शुश्रुवान्मातरि भार्गवेण पितुर्नियोगात्प्रहृतं द्विषद्वत् ।
प्रत्यग्रहीदग्रजशासनं तदाज्ञा गुरूणां ह्यविचारणीया ।। ४६ ।
46. He who had leard of the attack by Parasu
rāma at his own mother as at an enemy at the
bidding of his father accepted that command of his
elder brother; for, the command of elders should
not be disputed.
46. fuq: Fim17 l: obedience to the command vi
his father Jumadagni. भृगाः अपत्यं पुमान् भार्गवः तन भार्गव
By Parasurama. Arai Towards his mother Remuki
fegara in. As towards an enemy.
The suffix वत् .
adder unde) Pininj :-- नत्र तस्यव. प्रहृतं Abstract noun
of ह with प्र. Itning प्रहार शुश्रवान् Perfect participl.
of O . One who has it ard. भाषायां सदवस श्रुवः इति कमप्रत्ययः
9: Lakşmana. 37952 713 978217 Aorist. f Berause
JEDI 31751 24197110121. The allusion in this verse refers
to the story related in Malablaratil, Valli Parvit
Chapter 116. Renukä went out to lathe when a!
her sons were away from home'. On her Hity sle
Saw Citr katha, king of Mrttikavinti, sporting il
water with his queen, and felt a longing for his love
Thus with a mind corrupt, she bathed and returner
home, wetied but not purified by the bath. He
husband Jamadagni found out that her heart wa:

·FOURTEENTH CANTO 39 agitated by passion and grew indignant. He commanded his sons Rumanvān, Suşeņa, Vasu and Viśvāvasu as they returned from the forest to kill lier. But they would not do it. At last came the youngest son Paraśurāma who on receiving his father's orders cut off the head of his mother with his axe without hesitation. The father was pleased and promised him a boon. The boon sought for liy Parasurama was the restoration of his mother to life, and this was at once granted. अथानुकूलश्रवणप्रतीतामत्रस्नुभिर्युक्तधुरं तुरंगः । रथं सुमन्त्रप्रतिपन्नरश्मिमारोप्य वैदेहसुतां प्रतस्थे ॥ ४७ ॥ 47. Then after mounting the daughter of the king of Videbas, who was pleased with the hearing of the favourable new's, on a chariot whose yeke was borne by daring horses and reins held by Sumantra, he started. 47. अथ (लक्ष्मणः) अनुकुलस्य श्रवणं, तेन प्रांतां. प्रतीत Delighted. वैदेहमुतां. त्रसितुं शीलं एषामिति बन्नवः. Panini :- सिगृधिषिक्षिपः क्नुः, अत्रस्नुभिः तुरंग: By horses which would not shy or cause jolting to the chariot. Mallinātha comments अत्रस्नुभिः अभीरुभिः गर्भिणीवहनयोग्यैः. युक्ता धूः यस्य सः युक्तधुरः तं युक्तधुरं. धुर् at the end of a compound takes the final augment 37. Päņini : -ऋक्परब्धूःपथामानक्षे. सुमन्त्रेण प्रनिपन्नाः रश्मयः यस्य तं सुमन्त्रप्रतिपनरश्मि रथं आरोप्य Indeclinable past participle of the causal of Es with 341 to ascend.

·40 RAGHIVANSA . After mounting Sitä on the chariot. Car Perfect of 1 with to start. The Parasmaipada root takes the Itmanepada terminations when prefixed with सं, अव, प्र or वि. Panini :--समवप्रविभ्यः स्थः. मा नीयमाना रुचिरान्प्रदेशान्प्रियंकरो मे प्रिय इत्यनन्दत् । नाबुद्ध कल्पद्रुमतां विहाय जातं तमात्मन्यसिपत्रवृक्षम् ॥४८॥ 48. Being led to the several charming places, she rejoiced that her lover was so obliging to her. She scarcely knew that, having shed his character as a Kalpaka tree, he had turned i blazor-leaved tree towards herself. 48. मा रुचिरान प्रदेशान् नायमाना (मती) मे बियः पियंकर इति अनन्दन् . प्रियं करोतीति प्रियंकरः. Pimini :-- 'क्षप्रियमद्रे ऽण च' इनि चकागत्खच्प्रत्ययः. तं refers too Ruma. कल्पद्रुमनां विहाय आत्मनि असिपत्रवृक्षं जातं न अब्रुद्ध Arist, 3rd person singular of बुध 4th conjugation, itmanepada. अमिपत्र is explained by Mallināthit as tree why se leaves resembles lazırs. Really it refers to ir liell that goes by the name of 31ſ1779a, a forest of sword-leaved trees where simers are rolled up and down for the sin of embracing heresy and departing from the Vedic path except in extreme adversity. Vide the following extract from Bhagavatid, Adhy:iya 26. ÍFIE à निजवंदपथादनापदि आगतः पापण्डं चोपनतम्नमामपत्रवनं प्रवश्य कशया प्रहरन्ति तत्रामों इतम्लतो धावमान उभयताधा तालवनामिपत्रश्छिद्यमानसर्वाङ्गः हा हतोऽम्माति परमया वेदनया मच्छितः पदं पदे निपनि म्वधर्मत्यागिपापण्डानुगनं

·FOURTEENTH CANTO
41
‘फलं भुते । Vide parallel :-श्रितासि चन्दनभ्रान्त्या दुर्विपाकं विषद्रुमम्
Tittararamacarita J-46.
'जुगृह तस्याः पथि लक्ष्मणो यत्सव्येतरेण स्फुरता तदक्ष्णा ।
आख्यातमस्यै गुरु भावि दुःखमत्यन्तलुप्तप्रियदर्शनेन ।। ४९ ।।
49. The impending grave calamity which
Laksmana suppressed from her on the way was
conveyed to her by her throbbing right eye which
totally missed its sweet looks.
49. पथि लक्ष्मणः यत् (दुःखं) तस्याः (सीतायाः) Ablative.
जुगृह तत् गुरु मावि = भविष्यत् दुःखं. अत्यन्तलुप्तं प्रियदर्शनं यस्य नेन म्फरता.
सव्यात इतरत सव्यतरं तेन सव्येतरेण अक्षणा Instrumental singular
of अक्षि. अस्य means मीनायें. आख्यातं. The throbbing of
the right eye, hand, thigh or foot is ominous for
women as that of the left for males,
सा दुर्निमित्तोपगताद्विषादात्सद्यः परिम्लानमुखारविन्दा ।
राज्ञः शिवं सावरजस्य भूयादित्याशशंसे करणेरबाह्येः ।। ५० ॥
50. With the lotus of her face suddenly
withered by the grief imported by the ill-omen she
wished in the innermost recesses of her heart, May
happiness be to the king along with his yourger
brother's.'
50. सा Sita. दुर्निमिनं refers to the throbbing of
her right eve.
दुर्निमिनेन उपगतः तस्मात् विषादात् सद्यः मुखं

·42 RAGHUVAMSA अरविन्दमिव मुखारविन्दं, परिम्लानं मुखारविन्दं यस्या: सा परिम्लानमुखार- विन्दा सती. परिम्लान formed by adding the suffix त to म्ल with परि to fade. अवरः सह वर्तत इति तथाभूतस्य सावरजस्य राज्ञ: T) the king accompanied by his Younger brothers. शिवं Welfare. भूयात् Benedictive mood. इति. वहिर्भवानि बाह्यानि, तानि न भवन्तीति तैः अबाह्यः करणैः By her 3477:*79. Mind is said to be the internal organ. A. though Manas is only one', the plural is used 10 convey its frequent operations. 37137318. The root sja takes the Atmanepadi terminations in the sense of h)}}t'. शंसतरपेक्षायामात्मनेपदमिप्यत. गुरोनियोगाद्वनितां बनान्त साध्वीं सुमित्रातनयो विहास्यन् । अवार्यतेवोत्थितवीचिहस्तैर्जगोहित्रा स्थितया पुरस्तात् ॥५१ ।। 51. Brnt on abandoning the chaste lady in the woods at his Guru's bidding, the son of Sumitrë was prohibited, as it were, by the Ganges (Jabnu's daughter) standing in front, raising her hands (if Waves 1. गुगः नियोगात् At the bidding of his elde: brother Rama. सावी वनितां. Amara: सती मावी पतिकता. वनमंव वनान्नः, अन्तशब्दः स्वरूपवचनः. विहास्यन् Future participlt of हा with वि t() abandon, adjectival to सुमित्रातनयः पुरम्नात स्थितया Standing in front, djectival to जहादुहिता उत्थिताः वाचय एव हन्ताः तं: उन्थित चिहस्तः अवार्यतेव. अवार्य Imperfect passive of 1, 10th conjugation. Tii Ganges when brought down by the penance (:

·FOURTEENTH CANTO 43 Bhagiratha, angrily followed the track covered by Bhagiratha and flooded the sacrificial ground of Jahnu on the way. The irritated Jahnu drank her up and was persuaded by the gods to let her out which he did through his ears. Thenceforward she became renowned as Jahnu's daughter. Vide Rāmāyana, Bilakanda, Sarga 4:3, Slokas 35 to 38. ततो हि यजमानस्य जहारद्भुतकर्मणः । गङ्गा संघावयामास यज्ञवाटं महात्मनः ॥ ज्ञात्वा कुद्धा यज्वा तु राघव । अपिबच्च जलं सर्वं गङ्गायाः परमाद्भुतम् ॥ ततो देवाः सगन्धवा ऋषयश्च सुविस्मिताः । पूजयन्ति महात्मानं जडं पुरुषसत्तमम् ॥ गङ्गां चापि नयन्ति म्म दुहितृत्व महात्मनः ।। ततस्तुष्टो महातेजाः श्रोत्राभ्याम- सजत्पुनः । तम्माजस्ता गङ्गा प्रोच्यते जाह्नवीनि च ॥ रथात्स यात्रा निगृहीतवाहात्तां भ्रातृजायां पुलिनेऽवतार्य । गङ्गां निषादाहृतनौविशेषस्ततार संधामिव सत्यसंधः ।। ५२ ।। तस्या वलेपन wele 5. Alter taking down his brother's wife into the sands from the chariot whose horses stopped by the driver, he with the superior boat brought by a hunter crossed the Ganges as pledged to his word would carry through his row. on: 52. सत्या संघा यस्य सः सत्यसंधः True to his resolvt. 4: Laksmana. 791 lustrumental singular of tqi charioteer. निगृहीताः वाहा: 2 स्य तस्मात् रथात् तां भ्रातृजायां पुलिंने अवतार्य Indeclinable past participle of the causal of दु with अव to descend. निषादेन आहेतः नोविशेषः यस्य तथाभूत: सन् गङ्गां संधामिव ततार. The crossing of the Ganges was almost the same as his carrying out the vow. THE KUPPUSWAMI SASTRO RESEARCH INSTITUTE MYLAPORE, CHENNAI-4

·44
RAGHUTAMSA
Because with the crossing of the Ganges his mission
is almost carried out. In the above translation how-
Prer we have chosen to treat संधामिव सत्यगंध: as setting
out a pure case of analog!'.
अथ व्यवस्थापितवाक्कथंचित्सौमित्रिरन्तर्गतबाष्पकण्ठः ।
आत्पातिक मेघ इवाश्मवर्ष महीपतेः शासनमुजगार ।। ५३ ।।
53. Then somehow steadying his voice, with
a throat choked with tears, Sumitra's son disgorged
the king's command like it cloud emitting a calami-
tous shower of stones.
53.
374 After (rossing the river Ganges. 1177
Tith difficults, व्यवस्थापिता वाक यन म: Withoice made.
steady. अन्नगतः वापः यस्मिन् नयाभतः कण्ठो यम्य मः, Vide
parallel :--- कण्ठः स्तम्भितबार पनि कन्टुषः. मौमित्रिः Loksmana.
महापतेः शान्यनं उजगार Perfect of गृ witl) उद् to lisgorge o)
vomit. This pro dicate suggests the loathsomeness
of the task. The idea is supported by in analogy.
मंघः.
उम्पति भवं औपातिकं अमनां वर्षमिव. 37919 A disaster
il the porcent of a calamity; illy abnormal pheno-
nenon which torolyotles a calamity. According to
i different reading we have grat: in the place on
sitzgríazt, which will have to treated as adjectival to
मेघः. औपातिकः मेघः A portentour cloudd; a coloud fort.
boding disaster; i cloud of deluge.
ततोऽभिषङ्गानिलविप्रविद्धा प्रभ्रश्यमानाभरणप्रसूना ।
स्वमूर्तिलाभप्रकृति धरित्री लतेव सीता महसा जगाम ॥५४॥

·FOURTEENTH CANTO
45
54. Then shattered by the wind of insult, with
the flowers of ornaments slipping down, Sītā like a
creeper suddenly fell on the earth, the source from
which she derived her body.
54. Ha: After bearing her lord's command from
the mouth of Laksmana. अभिषङ्गः means पराभवः. अभिषन
एव अनिलः, तन विप्रविद्धा Past passive participle of व्यध
with वि and प्र. प्रभ्रश्यमान. The poet uses the root भ्रंश
of the 4tli conjugation in the Atmanepada. He has
done it already in 91.727 in verse 16 of this canto.
प्रभ्रश्यमानानि आभरणान्येव प्रसनानि यस्याः मा. Since Sita is
compared to a plant, the ornaments on her person
are compared to flowers. सीता लतेव. स्वमूर्तिलाभस्य प्रकृति.
urâ means a source, the antithesis of ra a product
or modification. Sită is known as the daughter of
the Earth as she was obtained by Janaka from the
sacrificial ground when it was ploughed. धरित्री सहसा
जगाम Went down to the earth all of a sudden. She
fell ou the eartii in a sil0017, It is natural that a
daughter in distress would fall into the arms of
her mother.
इक्ष्वाकुवंशप्रभवः कथं त्वां त्यजेदकस्मात्पतिरायवृत्तः ।
इति क्षितिः संशयितेव
तस्यै ददो प्रवेशं जननी न तावत् ५५
55. But her mother, the earth, did not give
her admittance as she perhaps suspected how her
husband of noble conduct, born of Ikşvāku's race,
would desert her without a cause.

·46 RAGHUVAMSA 55. इक्ष्वाकृणां वंशः प्रभवः यस्य सः Born of the race of Ikşvākus. 3718 77 767 7: spa:. These two adjectires suggest that her husband would not desert her justly. पति: त्वां अकस्मात् कथं त्यजेत् . The whole of the rst half of the verse sets out the suspicion which the poet attributes as arising in the mind of the Carth. इति. संशयः संजात: अस्या इति संशयिता इव जननी क्षितिः Her mother, the earth, ag nag aagi alga is a mere rhetorical flourish. Till the Earth is convinced of Sitä's innocence she would not even give her dmission. Such was Rima's character. But in Canto XV. verse 84 the Earth took her into her arms later on when lier innocence was established. मा लुप्तसंज्ञा न विवेद दुःखं प्रत्यागतासुः समतप्यतान्तः । तस्याः सुमित्रात्मजयनलब्धो मोहादभूत्कष्टतरः प्रबोधः ।।५६।। 56. At the loss of senses she (eased to experience grief, but on coming back to life she burned within. The consciousness brought back through the efforts of Sumitra' son became more irksome than her swoon. 56. Bar451 7571: 71 gangi On losing consciousness; when she wooned. मा दुःखं न विवंद Perfect tense of an to know. प्रत्यागताः असवः यस्याः सा प्रत्यागतासुः मती On regaining consciousne:s. अन्तः समतप्यत. Mallinatha treats this as a predicate in the Passive voice. According to him is understood. He says that

·FOURTEENTH CANTO
47
it is not possible to treat this as कर्मकर्तरिप्रयोग, for
the root can be used in that manner only if
तपस् is the object as in पृथिव्यां तप्यते तपः. Vide Panini :-
तपम्तप:कर्मकस्यैव. तस्याः सुमित्रात्मजयत्नलब्धः प्रबोधः मोहात् कटतरः
3747 For on regaining her senses she felt her painful
situation.
न चावदद्भर्तुरवर्णमार्या निराकरिष्णोजिनाहतेऽपि ।
आत्मानमेव स्थिरदुःखभाजं पुनः पुनदुष्कृतिनं निनिन्द ।।५७।।
57. The noble lady did not utter a word of
pensure on her lord though he was repudiating her
without any sin of hers. She often and often
condemned her own unmeritorious seli destined to
perpetual misery.
57. आर्या The noble lady. वृजिनात् ऋते अपि Even
without guilt on her part. #à ill Indeclinable
meaning 'without' governs a noun in the Ablative
case. निगकरिष्णुः formed by adding इणुच to निरा-कृ.
Panini:-~-अलंकृनिराकृत etc. निराकरिष्णोः भतुः About her
hushand who deserted her. अवर्ण न चावदन As an ideal
Hindu wife she did not cast any aspersion on the
conduct of her husband, however unjust it be. But
स्थिरं दुःखं भजतीति तथाभूतं स्थिरदुःखभाजं अत एव दुष्कृतिनं आत्मानं पुनः
पुन : निनिन्द She deprecated her own mfortunate self
often and often.
आश्वास्य रामावरजः सती तामाख्यातवाल्मीकिनिकेतमार्गः ।
निनस्य मे भर्तृनिदेशरौक्ष्यं देवि क्षमस्वेति बभूव नम्रः॥५८॥

·48 RAGHUVAMSA 58. The younger brother of Rāma consoles the chiste lady, told her the way to Valmiki's residence and prostrated before her stating, 'Queen. a dependent that I am, you will pardon my severity due tu my lord's command.' 58. गमस्य अवरजः Laksmana. यती तां आश्वास्य After consoling that chaste lady'. आख्यातः वा माकिनिकेतस्य मागः येन यः Explaining the way to Valmiki's house. वल्मांक भवः वाल्मीकिः When the sagee was practising penance in deep meditation, an int-hill rose round him, and at the end of his penance he emerged from the anthill. Hence he is called Valmiki, derived from वल्मीक an ant-hill. After advising her to seek shelter al Valmiki's residence Laksmana apologises to her. निन्नः A dependent. Amar :--- अधीनो निन्न आयत्नः. निन्नस्य म भनिदर्शन गैश्यं. क्षम्य भावः रोक्ष्यं Cruelty. हे देवि क्षमस्व इति S) saying. नम्रः बभव, सीता तमुत्थाप्य जगाद वाक्यं प्रीतास्मि ते सौम्य चिराय जीव । विडोजसा विष्णुरिवाग्रजेन भ्रात्रा यदित्थं परवानसि त्वम् ।। ५९ 59. After rousing him Sità spoke the words, Gentle one, I am pleased with you. May you live long inasmuch as you thus owe allegiance to your elder brotiner as Vişnu to Indra. 59. साता तं उत्थाप्य वाक्यं जगाद. The speech of Sitiy begins fron] प्रीताम्मि and ends witli verse 67. हे साम्य ने श्रीताम्मि. चिराय जाव. यत् यस्मात् . विट् (व्यापक) ओजः यस्य सः बिडोजा ..

·FOURTEENTH CANTO 49 An epithet of Indra. बिडोजसा विष्णुरिव According to tradition Visnu is the younger brother of Indra, and as such he is also called Jazz, both of them being the sons of Kaśyapa and Aditi. अग्रजेन भ्रात्रा त्वं इत्थं परवान् असि Since you are a dependent of an illustrious brother. Amara :---परतन्त्रः पराधीनः परवान्नाथवानपि, श्वश्रूजनं सर्वमनुक्रमेण विज्ञापय प्रापितमत्प्रणामः । प्रजानिषेकं मयि वर्तमानं सूनोरनुध्यायत चेतसेति ॥६॥ 60. 'After conveying my respects you shall tell all my mothers-in-law in their order my message, Keep in mind with your good wishes the child in my womb conceived through your son." 60. सर्व श्वश्रूजनं All my mothers-in-law. अनुक्रमेण In due order of rank. प्रापिताः मत्प्रणामाः येन तथाभूतः सन् विज्ञापय. The communication of respects to the mothers-in-law conforms to the story in Ramayana, but not the request reminding them of her pregnancy. On the other hand, according to Rāmāyana, Sīta requests Lakşmana himself to note the signs of her pregnancy before he goes back. Vide Rāmāyaṇa, Ittara Kanda, 48th can to:-श्वश्रूणामविशेषेण प्रालिप्रग्रहण ।। शिरसा वन्द्य चरणो कुशलं बेहि पार्थिवम् ॥ Verse 10. निरीक्ष्य आऽद्य गच्छ त्वमृतुकालातिवर्तिनीम् Verse 18. The object of 237194 is set out in the second half of the verse, नषिच्यत इति निषेकः A seed transmitted in the act of onception. सूनु refers to their son Rama. मयि 4 ·50 RAGHUVAMSA वर्तमानं. सूनोः प्रजाया निषेकं चेतसा अनुध्यायत Imperative, 2nd person plural of with 347, to think of. In the context it means 'Think and wish well of.' 7515927 वाच्यस्त्वया मद्वचनात्स राजा वह्नौ विशुद्धामपि यत्समक्षम् मां लोकवादश्रवणादहासीः श्रुतस्य किं तत्सदृशं कुलस्य ॥६१॥ 61. You shall tell that king my statement * Is it be:itting your reputed family that you should bave abandoned me on hearing a rumour when I här! leared my character in the fire in your presence ? 61. 77191 suggests that she speaks not in the capacity of a wife entitled to favour, but as any ordinary subject seeking elementary justice at the hands of a king. 5721. 43.7911=477afara Fal. 22:14 937. 422911 9129: The message is entirely my OW1. The idea is that the messenger is absolved fron. ill responsibility for either the contents or form of the Ciessage. The message runs through seven verses lieginning from it in this śloka. 37Til: hát AE an Avyayıbhāva compound laid down by Pūnini अव्ययाभावे शरप्रभृतिभ्यः and formed by adding टच as समासान्न under the Vārtika :-pfaqi447715&:. 478 In yours very presence. Tai agrafu refers to the fire-ordeal. undergone by Sita at Lanka. मां लोकवादस्य श्रवणात् अहामी: Aorist, 2nd person singular of zy to abandon. (517) 271 2777 giese To your reputed family. Or th ·FOURTEENTH CANTO 51 ! O may be taken separately-To your education and to your family.' सदृशं कि Is it suited? कल्याणबुद्धेरथवा तवायं न कामचारो मयि शङ्कनीयः। ममैव जन्मान्तरपातकानां विपाकविस्फूर्जथुरप्रस प्रसह्यः॥ ६२ ॥ 62. “Or perhaps, since your mind is ever izposed to righteousness, this should not be suspected ää wanton action on your part towards me. It is be unbearable thunderbolt of the fruition of my wn sins perpetrated in my previous births. 62. 391 generally marks the beginning of a : shalternative. कल्याणी बुद्धि : यस्य नस्य कल्याणबुद्धेः तव Of :'ll whose leanings are always righteous. Or of :01 who have been so loving towards me all along. चार विषये Towards nme. FIAT: A wanton act; all act reckless indifference according to one's own - weet will and pleasure. 7 72714: Is not to be suspected. Then what else is itja My own. अन्यानि जन्मानि जन्मान्तराणि, तेषां पातकानि, तेषां अपसाः विपाकविस्फर्जथुः. विस्फुर्जथुः is ndered by Mallinātha as a thunderstroke on the {t.thority of Amara:- सजथुर्व व्रनिषि. विषच्यत इति विपाकः, 'वपाक एव विस्फुर्जथु: The fruition of the sins committed in The previous births is identified with a thunderroke. Or fartfy: may be taken in the ordinary nonse of hui A flash ; sudden outburst. Your action is only an outburst of the long pent-up sins -i my previous births which have matured by now.

·52
RAGHUVANSA
उपस्थितां पूर्वमपास्य लक्ष्मी वनं मया सार्धमसि प्रपन्नः ।
तदास्पदं प्राप्य तयातिरोषात्सोढामि न त्वद्भवने वसन्ती॥६३
63. "Having formerly cast of the Royal For
tune (Lakşmi) that approached you, you resorted to
the woods in my company Tlierefore, in her dee
spite I have not been tolerated by her when I live in
your home with status,
63. पूर्व उपस्थितां लक्ष्मामपाम्य. लक्ष्मी refers to the
goddess of kingship who is geuerally described as a
king's wife. Formerly you forsook Lakşmi that
came to you.
मया सार्ध वनं प्रपन्नोऽसि Myself being dearer
to you, you chose to go to the forest in my sole
company.
तत् Therefore: since it is now. the tur:
of Lakşmi to prevail against me. -937371793 7119
वसन्ती (अहं) When I put up at your home, occupying
a status (as queen). तया अतिरोषात् मोटा नाम्मि. सोढ Past
passive participle of 47 tu endure.
निशाचरोपप्लुतभठकाणां तपस्विनीनां भवतः प्रसादात् ।
भूत्वा शरण्या शरणार्थमन्यं कथं प्रपत्स्ये त्वयि दीप्यमाने॥६४।
64. “Having been à refuge through your
grace to the sayes' wives whose husbands were
harassed by demons, how shall I seek refuge oi
any other person while you shine bright?
64. निशाचर: उपप्लुताः भारः यासां तासां निशाचरोपप्लुतभर्तृ.
काणां. A Bahuvrihi compound ending in the feminine

·FOURTEENTH CANTO 53 suffix ई or ऊ or in short ऋ takes क (कप) as the final lugnment. Vide Panini :-नधृतश्च. atratrai To the ages' wives harassed by Raksasas. भवतः प्रसादात् Through your grace. शरणे साधुः शरण्या Able to give protection. भूत्वा. स्वयि दीप्यमाने सति When you are in the full swing of your glory. शरणार्थ For protection. अन्यं कथं प्रपत्स्ये How shall I seek of another? प्रपत्स्य 2nd Future, 1st person singular of q? with 1. किंवा तवात्यन्तवियोगमोघे कुर्यामुपेक्षां हतजीवितेऽस्मिन् । स्याद्रक्षणीयं यदि मे न तेजस्त्वदीयमन्तर्गतमन्तरायः ॥ ६५ ॥ 65. “Or rather, I would act with indifference towards this accursed life (of mine) frustrated by jour eternal separation if your seed within me worthy of protection did not play the impediment. 65. Foto ar Or why. This simply marks the djeginning of a fresh alternative. तव. अत्यन्तं वियोगः Por endless separation ; separation for which there lo limit. तेन मोघे अस्मिन् हतजीविते In this my wretched te. उपक्षां कुर्या I would be indifferent. रक्षणीयं मे अन्तर्गतं विदं त्वदीयं तेजः अन्तरायो यदि न स्यात् The idea is that I have 6) care for my life in view of the child in the womb. जः Vigour, seed. अन्तरायः Obstacle. माहं तपः सूर्यनिविष्टदृष्टिरूवं प्रसूतेश्चरितुं यतिष्ये । यो यथा मे जननान्तरेऽपि त्वमेव भर्ता न च विप्रयोगः ॥६६ ·54 RAGHVANSA 66. "In these circumstances I will, after deli-- very, try to deperiance fixing my eyes on the Sun that in the next birth too you shall be my lord, bus there shall be no stparation. 66. Siti says that she will perform पञ्चाग्नितपस after her deliver. या अहं प्रसूतः ऊर्ध्वं सूर्यनिविष्टष्टिः (सतः) नपः चरितुं यतिध्ये यथा जननान्तरेऽपि त्वमेव भूयः में भर्ता (स्याः) विप्रयोग न (म्थात् ). Vide parallel :--हविर्भुजांमधवतां चतुर्णा मध्य लला 79.7941: Raghu XIII-11. Prvati also engiges inė similur penance to get Siva as her lord. Cf. 5, 775 ज्वलता हविः जां शुचिस्मिता मध्यगता मध्यमा। विजिन्य नेत्रप्रति घातिन प्रभामनन्या: गवितारमशन || Kumanasamibhasa V-20. वर्णाश्रमपालनं यत्स एव धर्मो मनुना प्रणीतः। निवासिताप्येवमतस्त्वयाहं तपस्विसामान्यमवेक्षणीया ॥६७। नृपस्य वर्णाश्रमपाल 67. "What is Knoll'n as the ?:"prition of tl: castes ind orders oilite is only it ling's duti lii: down by Manu. So thigh thus expelled by you, i should be treated by you on a jar with the penance doer's." 67. Varnas or castes are fourfold : -ZU, 1124 वैश्य and शुद्र. Ast}jas are fourtold : -चर्य, गाह...: arity and 77777. These are the four orders of lit: through whicih a Hindu passes. viz., (1) Studentshi or celibacy, (2) A householder's life, (3) Retirt ment to the forest and (4) Renunciation of worldl: attachments. वर्णाश्च आश्रमाश्च, तेषां पालनं वर्णाश्रमपालनं Tit ·FOURTEENTH CANTO 55 tilutection of Varnas and Aśramas by making eact du !!is duty laid down by the law according to his ca-ter and order of life. वर्णाश्रमपालनं यत् स एव नृपस्य धमा मनुना प्रणीत:. Vide Manu:- ख धर्म निविष्टानां सर्वेषामनुपूर्वशः। वर्णानामाश्रमाणां च राजा मष्टोऽभिगक्षता ॥ VII-35. Manu has declared the jirotection of Varnas and Aśramas as tie ideal duty of a king. The masculine in thaigh it correlates to 7 is due to its going along with the masculine धर्मः. विधेयप्राधान्यात पुंलिङ्गनिर्देशः. अत: Therefore. एवं त्वया निर्वागिताऽपि अहं त्वया तपस्विभिः सामान्यं यथा 791 17ETUT Though I am not treated as a wife, you: will it least treat me like all other ascetic woman: fintilled to protection. Here ends the speech of Sīti. तथनि तस्याः प्रतिगृह्य वाचं रामानुजे दृष्टिपथं व्यतीते । मा मुक्तकण्ठं व्यसनातिभाराचक्रन्द विना कुररीव भूयः ॥६८॥ 68. Rani's younger brother accepted her 11!! --age by saying Yes,' and when he had gone pist the range of her vision she wailed profusely in di"; outburst under the lord of grief like a frightened ale osprey. 68. तथा इति तस्याः वाचं तिगृद्य. रामस्य अनुजः तस्मिन् रामानुजे. दऐः पन्थाः दृष्टिपथः, पथिन at the end of a Compound changes to पथ. Panini:- ऋक्पूरब्धःपथामानक्षे. दृष्टि पर्थ व्यतीते | सति When Laksmana had gone beyond the range of her vision. सा व्यसनस्य अतिभारः तस्मात् मुक्तः कण्ठः यस्मिन् कर्मणि ..

·56
RAGHUVAMSA
मुक्तकण्ठं In a loud throat. विग्न = विज् + त. विग्ना कुररी इव
कुरर 94G pair oia', a species of bird, known for ite
loud wailing ery. भूयः चक्रन्द Bewailed aloud profusely
नृत्यं मयूराः कुसुमानि वृक्षा दर्भानुपात्तान्विजहुर्हरिण्यः ।
तस्याः प्रपन्ने समदुःखभावमत्यन्तमासीद्रुदितं वनेऽपि ॥६९।।
69. The peacocks stopped their dance. The
trees got stripped of their flowers, and the she-deer
let fall the Darblå grass taken by the month. The
very forest did weep profusely, entertaining it
feeling of grief alike with her,
69. When Sitaa Wailed aloud, gloom pervadded
the whole Nature. मयूगः नृत्यं विजहुः Perfect, 3rd person
plural of 1 with a to abandon). वृक्षाः कुसुमानि विजहुः.
हरिण्यः उपात्तान दर्भान विजहु:, उपात्त Past passive participle
of z with 39 and 341. तस्याः, ममं दुःखं यस्य तत् समदुः
भावं प्रपन्न वनऽपि अत्यन्तं रुदितं आसीत् , अपि suggests the gloom
prevalent in the city.
:खं तम्य
तामभ्यगच्छद्रुदितानुसारी कविः कुशेधमाहरणाय यातः ।
निषादविद्धाण्डजदर्शनोत्थः श्लोकत्वमापद्यत यस्य शोकः ॥७०
70. Following her cry came to her the poet
gone out for gathering grass and fuel (Kušas and
samits) whose grief risen at the sight of the bird hiti
by the hunter got transformed into poetry.

·FOURTEENTH CANTO 57 70. Tracing the cry to its source, Vālmīki omes to Sitā. कुशाश्च इमानि च कुशे मं, तस्य आहरणं तस्मै कुशेध्माहरणाय यातः Who had come out for gathering Kusa grass and fuel. Fja: By virtue of the adjectival clause set out in the second half of the verse this word refers to Valnaiki. रुदितं अनुसरतीति रुदितानुसारी सन् Following the track of the cry. सीताम् अभ्यगच्छत् Cane Plear Sita out of compassion. निषादेन विद्धस्य अण्डजस्य दर्शनेन उत्थः (उनिटतीति) निषादविद्धाण्डजदर्शनोन्थः यम्य शोकः श्लोकत्वं आपद्यत. When Valmiki went to the river Tamasa before his midday ablutions, he saw a pair of Krauñca birds (herons) sporting in love with each other, out of which the male bird was shot dead by a hunter. This roused the grief of the sage which found expression in a verse pronounced by him thus:-ALÄNIZ प्रतिष्टां त्वमगमः शाश्वतः समाः। यत्रोचमिथुनादकमवधीः काममोहितम् ॥ () hunter, you shall not live many long years as yon killed the one attached to his spouse out cf the Kranica pair. शोक or grief which is the स्थायिभाव or the prevailing sentiment that rises to the level of patlios (FETTA) has transformed itself into the form Þf this poetry. In fact 77 or emotion is the soul of poetry, and rhetoricians are never tired of emphasisbig this point. Accordingly, there is an oft-quoted itiza from Dhivanyaloka which runs as follows: व्यस्यात्मा स एवार्थस्तथा चादिकवेः पुरा । कौञ्चद्वन्द्ववियोगोत्थः शोकः शिकत्वमागतः ॥ In fact the sloka मा निषाद etc. is the one which filled the sage with poesy from which sprang he glorious Rämāyana.

·58
RAGHUVAMSA
तमश्रु नेत्रावरणं प्रमृज्य सीता विलापाद्विरता ववन्दे ।
तम्यै मुनिर्दोहदलिङ्गदर्शी दाश्वान्सुपुत्राशिषमित्युवाच ॥७१।
71. Wiping off the tears that clouded her eyes
Sitä stopped from her wail and saluted him. Th
sage who noticed hier signs of pregnancy conferre:
his blessings on her for a good son and toli
her thus:
71. मीता विलापान विरता सनी नत्रावरणं अश्रु प्रज्य तं वव
Sitii stopped her wail, wiped off her tears and salute
the age. Azejazait ufa: The sage who noticei
her signs of pregnancy pari 311130 71912 derive.
from the root or by adding 791721. Panini:-2127771".
Elfriigia. Conferred on her blessings for a good so!
ca 3717 Told as foilullis
जाने विसृष्टां प्रणिधानतस्त्वां मिथ्यापवादक्षुभितेन भर्ना ।
तन्मा व्यथिष्ठा विषयान्तरस्थं प्राप्तासि वैदेहि पितुनिकेतम् ।।७२
12.
'I kno11 from meditation that you hav
been abandoned by your husband agitated by
false scandal So do not crieve', ( daughter of t!
king of Videla-, vou balerome
10 your father
bome in a different country.
72. Vülmiki's speechi (OVPIS
beginning from here. वां, मिल्यापवादन क्षुभितः तन भत्रा विम्
प्रणिधानत: formed by adding the Ablative suffix दस
Tra which means spiritual ir siglt by which sag
sevin

·FOURTEENTH CANTO 54 see things beyond ordinary vision. जाने from ज्ञा tel know. हे वेदेहि. अन्यो विषयः (देशः) विषयान्तरं तस्मिन तिष्ठतीति विषयान्तरस्थं पितुः निकेतं प्राप्तासि You have come to your own faiher's home. Treat me as your father and my home as your father's but situate in a different place. तत् Therefore. मा व्यथिष्टा: Aorist of व्यथ- in the 2nd person singular. In juxtaposition with Al à vert takes the Aorist terminations to denote any tense or mood, and the initial augment 37 of such a predicate ending in the Aorist terminations droj:s. Paņini :- माङि लुङ and न माङयोगे. Here लुङ् is used in the sense of gte the Imperative mood. At oupagr: Do not grieve. For, it is proper for women (liscarded by their husbands to live in their parents' home. उत्खातलोकत्रयकण्टकेऽपि सत्यप्रतिज्ञेऽप्यविकत्थनेऽपि । त्वां प्रत्यकस्मात्कलुषप्रवृत्तावस्त्येव मन्युभरताग्रज मे ।। ७३ ।। 73. 'Though he has pulled on the thorn of the three worlds, though lie is true to his word and though unboastful, I have my own indignation at Bharata's elder brother who has lehaved wrongfully towards you without a cause. 73. Here Vālmīki consoles Sitä hy assuming anger against Rāma. त्रयः अवयवा: अन्य समुदायस्य त्रयं, लोकानां त्रयं, तस्य कण्टकः The thorn of the three world. refers to Rāvana and his group. उत्खातः लोकत्रयकण्टक: da artta 3119 Though by extirpating Rārana and all

·.60
RAGHUVAMSA
the wicked Rākşasas, Rāma has gained the eternal
gratitude of the three worlds. सत्या प्रतिज्ञा यस्य तस्मिन् अपि
Though ever true to his promise. विकत्थनं Noun form
wf
कत्थ्
with a to boast. न विद्यते विकत्थनं यस्य तस्मिन् अपि
Though free from toast. त्वां प्रति अकस्मात् कलुषप्रवृत्तौ. भरत
अग्रजः तस्मिन भरताग्रजे. This epithet shows the high
regard of the poet for Bharata's character. À Hall
अस्त्येव. Notwithstanding all his praiseworthy quali
ties this desertion of you has cast á slur on him.
तवोरुकीर्तिः श्वशुरः सखा मे सतां भवोच्छेदकरः पिता ते ।
धुरि स्थिता त्वं पतिदेवतानां किं तन्न येनासि ममानुकम्प्या॥७४
74. "Your father-in-law of great fame is m
friend. Your father is one that removes th:
worldly bondage of the learned. You stand in th:
forefront of ladies to whom the husband is God
What is it in you that would not elicit my syu
pathy?
74. उसः कार्तिः यस्य सः उरुकीर्तिः Of wide fame.
श्वशुर: मे सखा. ने पिता सतां विदुषां. Amara :-सन् सुधीः कोविः
बुधः. भवस्य उच्छेदं करोतीति भवोच्छेदकरः By imparting spir
tual knowledge your father Janaka destroys t)
Samsara or worldly bondage of all wise men. त्वं. पा
देवता यासां तासां पतिदेवतानां धुरि स्थिता. स्थित = स्था + त. Panini
द्यतिस्यतिमास्थामिनि किति. येन मम अनुकम्प्या नासि तत् किं. अनुकमि
jul 314#1071. The Genitive in ## in juxta positii

·FOURTEENTH CANTO 61 Ir. with अनुकम्प्या is due to Panini :--कृत्यानां कर्तरि वा. every respect you deserve my sympathy. तपस्विसंसर्गविनीतसत्त्वे तपोवने वीतभया वसास्मिन् । इतो भविष्यत्यनघप्रसूतेरपत्यसंस्कारमयो विधिस्ते ।। ७५ ॥ 75. 'Free from fear, live in this penance-forest where animals are time due to the contact of siges. After a safe delivery, here shall take place the performance of the ceremonial for your child. 75. तपस्विनां संसर्गेण विनीताः सत्वाः यस्मिस्तस्मिन् तपस्विसंसर्गfarafiaarà Due to the presence of sages the animals here are tame and harmless. अस्मिन् तपोवने वीतभया वस. इतः = इदं+ तस in the Locative significance. In this forest. न विद्यते अघं यस्याः अनघा Free from difficulty. अनघा प्रसूतिः यस्यास्तस्या: Your delivery will be easy and safe. ते अपत्यस्य संस्कारः प्रचुरः अपत्यसंस्कारमयः विधिः भविष्यति The birth-rites of your child will duly take place here. अशून्यतीरां मुनिसंनिवेशस्तमोपहन्त्री तमसा वगाह्य । तत्सैकतोत्सङ्गबलिक्रियाभिः संपत्स्यते ते मनसः प्रसादः ॥७६ 76. ‘After bathing in the Taniasā whose banks are full of sages' habitations and which would dispel ignorance, your mind will be filled with tranquillity through the acts of worship on its sandy panks.

·12 RAGHUVAMSA 76. मुनीनां संनिवेशा: तेः By the habitations of sages their huts. 33771 ai ratai With the banks filled o teeupied. तमसः अपहन्त्री That would dispel ignorane' and grief. तमसा the name of a livel. वगाय Indeclin .'ble past participle of गाह with अव. Note the drope sing of the initial 37 of the Upasarga 39. Vide Kirikti:-~-वष्टि भागुरिरल्लोपमवाप्योरुपसगयोः. तमसा वगाह्य Bathing !!] the river Tamasa. तस्याः सेकतान्सङ्गेषु याः बलिक्रियाः ताभिः बलिकिया refers to the acts of Torshipping the deity. ने मनसः प्रसादः संपत्स्यते. पुष्पं फलं चार्तवमाहरन्त्यो बीजं च बालेयमकृष्टरोहि । विनोदयिष्यन्ति नवाभिषङ्गामुदारवाचो मुनिकन्यकास्त्वाम् ७७ 77. 'Presenting the seasonal fruits and flowers and the corn grown without cultivation used in **Porship, the sages' maidens in dignified words woulin divert you in your fresh advent of grief. . दुयं फलं च. 77. ऋतुः अस्य प्राप्तः आर्तवं Seasonal, adjectival ti These two along with a si are used ji जायकव चनं. अकृले गेहतीति अकृष्टरोहि Growing on uncultivatel lands. बलये हितं बालेयं Used in worship. These ti are adjectival to बाजं. बालेय = बलि + ढ . Panini :-- छदिरुपधिबलेढ . बीजं refers to paddy and other corns आहरन्त्यः governs the three objects:-पुष्पं, फलं and बाज उदारा वाक् यासां ताः उदारवाचः. आहरन्त्याः and उदारवाचः qualit: मुनि कन्यकाः. अभिषङ्ग Sorrow. नवः अभिषङ्गः यस्यास्तां नवाभि त्वां विनोदयिष्यन्ति The sages' maidens will divert yot.

·FOURTEENTH CANTO 63 श्योपटैराश्रमबालवृक्षान्संवर्धयन्ती स्वबलानुरूपैः । असंशयं प्राक्तनयोपपत्तेः स्तनंधयप्रीतिमवाप्स्यसि त्वम् ।।७८।। .. 78. "Tending the young trees of the hermitage ith jars of water in keeping with your strength, .ou will, before lyringing forth issue, certainly egin to feel an affection due to a suckling child. 78. स्वस्य बलं, तस्य अनुरूपैः स्वबलानुरूपैः In keeping With your own strength; such as you could bear. न्यसां घटाः तः By the jars of water. The word पयस liggests also milk sucked by an infant from the nother's breasts. आश्रमम्प्य बाल वृक्षान् संवधयन्ता Tending or rowing the young trees of the hermitage, a zazne: FIF. Before the actual acquisition of a son. अमंशय Vithout doubt. स्तनं धयति (पिबन्ति) इति स्तनं धयः A Child -licking at the breast. स्तनधये या प्रातिः नां अवास्यसि You will come to entertain the maionul love. IE: Iffection or joy. The root following Fa takes ihe uffis est in the Active significance, and the preceding with takes the final aligment 14. Hence the film नंधयः. Vide Panini :- नासिकाम्तनयो मचिटो: and अमापदजन्तस्य म. Here ends the speech of Valmiki. अनुग्रहप्रत्यभिनन्दिनीं तां वाल्मीकिरादाय दयाईचेताः । सायं मृगाध्यासितवेदिपार्श्व स्वमाश्रमं शान्तमृगं निनाय ॥७९॥ 79. With a heart melting with pity Vālmīki ok her who welcomed his favour and led her to ·64 RAGHUVANŠA his own hermitage where in the evening the sides the sacrificial altar were occupied by the deer a the animals were peaceful. 79. दयया आई चेतः यस्य सः दयाईचेताः वाल्मीकिः Valmi whose heart was wet with pity. अनुग्रहं प्रत्यभिनन्दत aurai Sitā hailed the sage's favour with delig): तां आदाय He took her with him. स्वं आश्रमं निनाय AI conducted her to his own hermitage. आश्रमं qualific by two other adjectives. सायं मृगैः अध्यासिताः वेद्याः पाश्व यस्मिंस्तं. Here मृग refers to the deer. शान्तमृगं Here : refers to animals in general. तामर्पयामास च शोकदीनां तदागमप्रीतिषु तापसीषु । निर्विष्टसारां पितृभिहिमांशोरन्त्यां कलां दर्श इवौषधीषु ॥८०/P H 80. And he assigned her who was cowed bi melancholy to the charge of female hermits what were pleased with her arrival as Amávāsyā woulu the last digit of the Moon sucked by the Pitrs tai the charge of herbs. V 80. शोकदीनां तां तस्या आगमेन प्रीतिः यासां तासु तापसीपु अर्पयामा The handing over of Sītā into the hands of larm hermits by Vālmīki is illustrated by an obscuri analogy set out in the second half of the vers Several classes of Pites or manes are mentioned ! Smrtis. For example:-सोमसदः अनिष्वात्ताः बर्हिषदः सोमः हविर्भुजः आज्यपाः सुकालिनः and so on. Vide Manu III-19 to 199. हिमांशु or the Moon consists of 16 Kalas or digi 'er

·FOURTEENTH CANTO
65
-
which grow day by day in the Gukla Paksa or bright
half of the month. In the #107981 or dark half the
digits wane iway, being consumed by the Devas
and Pitrs in turns. The order in which these Kalās
are consumed by the respective consumers is set out
in the following extract from Devipurana :--.FAST:
बोडश सोमस्य शुके वर्धयते विः। अमृतेनामृतं कृष्ण पायत देवत: मात् ।।
प्रथमां पिबते वह्निद्वितीयां पवनः कलाम् । विश्वेदेवास्तृतीयां तु चतुर्थी तु प्रजापतिः ।
पवमी वरुणश्चापि षष्टी पिबति वासवः । सप्तमीमृषयो दिव्या वसवोऽयो नथाएमाम्।
नवी कृष्णपक्षस्य पिबतीन्द्रः कलामपि । दशमी मम्तथापि म्द्रा एकादशी
फलाम् । द्वादशी तु कलां विष्णु नदश्च त्रयोदशीम् । चतुर्दशी पशुपति: कलां
पेबति नित्यशः । ततः पञ्चदशी चव पिन्ति पितरः कलाम् । कलावशिष्टो
नपातः प्रविष्टः सूर्यमण्डलम् । अमायां विशते रश्मावमा वा ततः स्मृतः ।।
[t may be gathered from the above extract that
Pitis partake of the fifteenth digit of the moon,
Hence the art or the essence of the moon is jajaor
enjoyed by the Pitrs. 11 may be noted that the
above extract refers to the consumption of 15 digits.
lence there is a surviving digit- 3er #1 which
enters the herbs on the New Moon day. Vice
Vyasa :-अमायां तु सदा माम आपधाः पतिपदान. Hence' दश or
FAQI41 is said to hand over the last di gin of the
Moon into the charge of the herbs. LH: falá 271171
इमांशाः अन्त्यां कलां दर्शः आप िवव. दर्श: masculine, (orres-
konds to Valmiki, अन्त्या कला feminine, to Sita and
गोषध्यः feminine', to female hermits.
। इङ्गुदीस्नेह कृतप्रदीपमास्तीर्णमेध्याजिनतल्पमन्तः ।
स्यै सपर्यानुपदं दिनान्ते निवासहेतोरुटजं वितेरुः ॥ ८१ ॥

·RAGHUVAMSA 66 81. After the offer of cordialities they at the end of the day gave her for her residence a cottage containing a lamp lit with the oil of Ingudi and proided inside with a spread-out mattress of holy skin. 81. ar: The hermit-matrons. तस्यै To Sita. 79219: After offering respects or courtesy. fari At nightfail. निवामहेतोः For the sake of residence. हेतु used in the sense of 'on account of' or 'for the sakr if' and the word denoting the specific cause used in muxtaposition with the same, both take the Genitive eise. Panini :-षष्टी हेतुप्रयोगे. उट A cottage. वितेर: Pel rect, 3rd person plural of a with fa to give. 351 qualified by two adjectives. Tra is the name of a tree a favourite of sages, whose fruits yield oil in plenti seful for lighting lamps, healing wounds and so on Amara :-इमुदी नापसतरू'. दगुदीनां स्नेहः, तेन कृतः प्रदीपः यस्मित The lamp in the cottage was lit by the oil o Tigudi. मेधं अर्हतानि मे यं Doserving to be used in such fices. 377ų Past passive participle of ta with 311 अन्त आस्तार्ण मयं अजिनमेव तल्पं यस्मिस्तं The hol deer-skin was spread out as a mattress on the flur the cottage. तत्राभिषेकप्रयता वसन्ती प्रयुक्तपूजा विधिनातिथिभ्यः । चन्येन सा वल्कलिनी शरीरं पत्युः प्रजासंततये बभार ।।८ 82. Living there purified by ablutions, di offering worship to the guests and clad in tree-ha Stread.

·FOURTEENTH CANTO 67 le sustained her body with the products of the lest for the continuity of lier husband's line. 82. तत्र In that cottage. अभिषेकेण प्रयता Purified I ablutions. वसन्ती Femine Present participle of वस् p dwell. विधिना According to Sistras. अतिथिभ्यः To :uests. प्रयुक्ता पूजा यया सा प्रयुक्तपूजा (Offering worship. कलं अम्या अस्तीति वल्कलिनी Possessed of trer..hark as less. सा Sita. पत्युः प्रजायाः संततये For the continuity her husband's line. वने भवं वन्य नन वन्येन With the roduce of the forest like roots, fruits etc. शरारं THIS Maintained her body. Conjugate :-- बभार बभ्रतुः वः, बभर्थ बभ्रथुः बभ्र, बभार-बभर बभूव बभृम. The root भृ elongs to both the 1st and 3rd conjugations. If the root of the 3rd conjugation be intended there will be in addition to the above forms the alternative fornms-विभरामाय ete. according to Pininj :---- मह्री महुवां इलु वच्च. . अपि प्रभुः सानुशयोऽधुना स्यादित्युत्सुकः शक्रजितोऽपि हन्ता। शशंस सीतापरिदेवनान्तमनुष्ठितं शासनमग्रजाय ।। ८३ ॥ 83. Eager to know if the king was penitent at least then, the slayer of Indrajit intimated to his elder brother the performance of his bidding ending With the wail of Sitā. 83. प्रभुः The king. अधुना अनुशयन महित: मानुशयः Repentant. अपि या 7 Interrogation. इति उत्सुक: Eager ·68 RAGHUVANSA to know. शक्रजितोऽपि हन्ता Laksmana. सीतापरिदेवनान शासनमनुष्टितं अग्रजाय शशंस. बभूव रामः सहसा सवाष्पस्तुषारवर्षीव सहस्यचन्द्रः । कौलीनभीतेन गृहानिरस्ता न तेन वैदेहसुता मनस्तः ॥८४॥ 84. Rama became suddenly flooded with tears like the Moon of the Pusya month yielding shower's of dew. Afraid of calumny that he was, the daughter of the king of Videhas was expelled by him from his home, never from his heart. 84. सहसा सबाप्पः रामः. तुषारं वर्षतीति तुधारवर्षी Showering dew. Amara :-तुषारं तुहिनं हिमम् . सहस्यचन्द्र इव बभूव. सहस्य The Pausa month or Thai. 60) 05-1BY. Amara: पौर तेषसहस्यो हो. Rama shed tears. That it is but natur: is set out in the second half of the verse. Siam तेन वैदेहसुता गृहात् निरस्ता, मनम्तो न निरस्ता. तस् is an Ablatire suffix. निगृह्य शोकं स्वयमेव धीमान्वर्णाश्रमावेक्षणजागरूकः । स भ्रातृसाधारणभोगमृद्धं राज्यं रजोरिक्तमनाः शशास ||८५ 85. Controlling the grief by himself, the wi. one, diligent in the supervision of castes and order of life, with a mind rid of passions, ruled his pro perous kingdom enjoyed in common with hi brothers. 85. धीमान Wise. वर्णाश्रमाणामवेक्षणे जागरूक: Dilige in the protection of Varnas and Aśramas. रजसा ।

·FOURTEENTH CANTO 69 मनः यस्य सः With a mind free from pussions. सः शोकं स्वयमेव निगृद्य राज्यं शशास. राज्यं is (qualified by two adjectives. भ्रातृभिः साधारणाः भोगाः यस्मिस्तत् Where the enjoyments were had in common along with his brothers. ऋद्धं Prosperous. तामेकमायाँ परिवादभीरोः साध्वीमपि त्यक्तवतो नृपस्य । वक्षस्यसंघट्टसुखं वसन्ती रेजे सपत्नीरहितेव लक्ष्मीः ॥ ८६ ॥ 86. The Royal glory living happy without clash on the chest of that king who in his fear of scandal had renounced her', his only wife, though chaste, shone as if free from a co-wife. 86. परिवादात भीम: Afraid of scandal. तस्य परिवादभीरोः अत एव एकभार्यामपि सावीमपि Though she was his only wife and though she was chaste. नां त्यक्तवतः नृपस्य वक्षसि असं- घट्टसुखं वसन्ती लक्ष्मीः सपत्नीरहितव रेजे. समानः पतिः यस्याः सा सपनी. The idea is that Ramat did not take another wife. सीतां हित्वा दशमुखरिपुर्नोपयेमे यदन्यां तस्या एव प्रतिकृतिसखो यत्क्रतूनाजहार । वृत्तान्तेन श्रवणविषयप्रापिणा तेन भर्तुः सा दुर्वारं कथमपि परित्यागदुःखं विषेहे ॥ ८७ ॥ इति महाकविश्रीकालिदासकृती रघुवंश महाकाव्ये सीतापरित्यागो नाम चतुर्दशः सर्गः ॥ 87. That after relinquishing Sitā the foe of the ten-faced one did not marry any other woman, that

·70
RAGHUVAMSA
he conducted sacrifices in conjunction with he
image only,-by this news of her husband whic
reached the range of her ears she somehow endure
her insurmountable grief due to his abandonment.
..
87. दशमुखस्य रिपुः Rama. सीतां हित्वा Indeclinabl:
past participle of a to abandon. अन्यां नोपयेमे इति यत
उपयेमे Perfect, 3rd person singular of यम् with उप र
marry.
The fact that he did not marry any other
woman. तस्या एव प्रतिकृतेः सखा प्रतिकृतिसखः सन् . सखि at th.
end of a तत्पुरुष compound changes to सख. Vid
Pāṇini :--17972:7777. Befriending her own image
He caused a golden image to be made of her and ir
its company performed Yajnas. 972 311FER Í 2 12
Together with this fact. 07:faqi uraira 72147
faqafqar aa he: Fra By that news whic
reached the range of her ears. सा. दुःखेन वारयितुं शक
दुर्वारं Which could not be Overcome. परित्यागेन जनितं दुः
परित्यागदुःखं कथमपि विहे Perict of सह with वि to endu
It was some consolation for her that Rāma continue
to cherish her memory and that her abandonne
was not made of his own free will.
The End of the Fourteenth Canto.

·॥ रघुवंशम् ॥ पञ्चदशः सर्गः। कृतसीतापरित्यागः स रत्नाकरमेखलाम् । बुभुजे पृथिवीपालः पृथिवीमेव केवलाम् ॥ १ ॥ THE FIFTEENTH CAIT). 1. Having abandoned Sitii, that protector if the Earth enjoyed the Earth iluna girdled by the Ocean. 1. कृतः मीतायाः परित्यागः यन मः कृतसातापरित्यागः By whonl the abandonment of Sitti was made. मः, पृथिवीं पालयतीति grea1913: That protector of the Earth ; Riina vara आकर : रत्नाकरः lit., u store house of gems, the Ocear. रत्नाकरः मेखला यस्यास्तां रत्नाकरमेखला Whot girdle is the Ocean; bounded by the seas. कंवला पृथिवीमव बुभुज Enjoyed the Earth and the Earth only. After abandoning Sitił lie did not take iny other wife, The Earth alone acted as his wife, he being the king. The adjective. रत्नाकर मंखला is in purport applicable also to Sītā, her girdle being set with gems.

·72 RAGHUVANA लवणेन विलुप्तेज्यास्तामिस्रेण तमभ्ययुः । मुनयो यमुनाभाजः शरण्यं शरणार्थिनः ॥ २ ॥ 2. The sages inhabiting the banks of the Yamunā, whose sacrificial observances were spoiled hy the demon Lavana, approached him for refuge, a worthy refuge that he was. 2. Lavana was the son of the demon Madhu, a devout worshipper of Śiva through whose grace he got an invincible trident. Madhu's wife was Kumbhinasi, sister of Rāvana. Lavana was their son). Śiva had granted the boon to the demon Madhu that the trident would pass to his son as well. Lavana was the opposite of his father in character, and he condemned the gods and the Brahmins. Due to the harassment, the sages living on the banks of the Yamuna. seek refuge of Rama. लवणेन तामिस्रेण तमिलायां . चरतीति तथाभूतेन By the Raksasa, Lavana. विलुप्ता इज्या येषां ने agazz: Whose sacrifices were spoiled or impeded. अत एव शरणं अर्थयन्त इति शरणार्थिनः They seek refuge (1) protection. यमुनां भजन्ताति यमुनाभाज: The occupants of (the banks of) the Yamunā. Hay: The sages, quali. fied by the three adjectives already explained. Arg: 7507: 8 Tozi Fit to give protection, adjectival to å Räma. 37: Imperfect, 3rd person plural of 3 with tíu to approach, an alternative form being 34+4217 (37197 + 3771). The alternative forms are due शरणे ·FIFTEENTH CANTO 73 .. .. 50 Panini:--लङः शाकटायनम्यैव. Cf. ऋषीणामुग्रतपसां यमुनातीर- वासिनाम् । लवणत्रासितः स्तोमः शरण्यं त्वामुपस्थितः ॥ Uttararama- Harita I-50. अवेक्ष्य रामं ते तस्मिन्न प्रजह्वः स्वतेजसा । त्राणाभावे हि शापास्त्राः कुर्वन्ति तपसो व्ययम् ॥३॥ 3. Looking to Rama as their protector, they did not strike at the demon with their power of penance. For sages wielding the curse as their missile incur an expenditure of penance only in the absence of a protector. 3. The sages. 18 31927 Looking to Riima its protector. स्वतेजसा With their Own power; by pronouncing a curse. तस्मिन् न प्रजहः Did not strike him Klown. Because. Frui Protection, here refers to it protector. My 37117 In the absence of a protector. शाप एव अस्त्रं येषां ते शापास्त्राः Whose weapon consists of a curse, an epithet of Rsis. तपसः व्ययं कुर्वन्ति. तपम् or the spiritual power accumulated by their penance will be spent out if a course is pronounced. Hence order to keep their tapas in tact, they invoked the thelp of the king. प्रतिशुश्राव काकुत्स्थस्तेभ्यो विघ्नप्रतिक्रियाम् । धर्मसंरक्षणार्थं व प्रवृत्ति वि शाङ्गिणः ॥ ४ !! 4. The descendant of Kakutstha vouchsafed o them the removal of impediments. It is only for ·74 RAGHUVAMSA the preservation of Dharma that the Sārnga-bowoc lord descends on Earth. 4. ककुत्स्थस्य गोत्रापत्यं पुमान् काकुत्स्थ: A descendanto Kakutstha ; Rama. Kakutstha is so called, becaust when engaged in destroying Asuras in the service of the gods be sat on the hump of Indra wlio took the form of a bull. ककुदि तिष्ठतीति ककुत्स्थः. Cf. महेन्द्रमास्थार महाक्षापं य: संयति प्राप्तपिनाकिलीलः । चकार बाणेरसुराङ्गनानां गण्डस्थला: प्रोषितपत्रलेखाः॥ (Raghu VI-72). तेभ्यः To the sages. विघ्नप्रतिक्रियां A removal of their obstacles by slaying the demon Lavaņa, gayun Promised, Perfect of wit] प्रति. शाहू is the bow of Vispu. शाङ्ग अस्यास्तीति शाङ्गी तस्य शाङ्गिणः भुवि प्रवृति: The engagement of Vishu on earth - his incarnation as Ramu in the context. धर्मसंरक्षणमेव अर्थः (प्रयोजनं) यस्याः सा धर्मसंरक्षणार्था एव. Vide Bhagavadgita : ----यदा यदा हि धर्मस्य ग्लानिर्भवति भारत । अभ्युत्थानमधर्मस् तदात्मानं सृजाम्यहम् ॥ परित्राणाय साधूनां विनाशाय च दुष्कृताम् धर्मसंस्थापनार्थाय संभवामि युगे युगे ॥ (IV-----7 & 8). ते रामाय वधोपायमाचख्युर्विबुधद्विषः । दुर्जयो लवणः शूली विशूलः प्रार्थ्यतामिति ॥ ५ ॥ 5. They expounded to Rāma the means fo killing the demon. 'Invincible is La vaņa with li: trident. Let him be enagaged when he is withou: his trident.' 5. ते रामाय. विबुधानां द्विद तस्य विबुधद्विषः वधोपायं आचख्यु Perfect, 3rd person plural of 74 with 31 to explai?

·FIFTEENTH CANTO or tell. The means for slaying Lavana, advised by the sages, is set out in the second half of the vers: लुनातीति लवण: One who massacres his enemies. शूल अस्यास्तीति शूली Possessed of a trident. दु:खन जेतुं शक्यः दुर्जयः Invincible. विगतं शुलं यस्य विशूल: When he is titl:- out his trident. aparu zia Let him beatiаcked. Vide Kesava :- याञायामभियाने च प्रार्थना कथ्यते बुधैः. आदिदेशाथ शत्रुघ्नं तेषां क्षेमाय राघवः । करिष्यन्निव नामास्य यथार्थमरिनिग्रहात् ॥ ६ ॥ 6. Then Rāghava ordered Satrughna (the des stroyer of foes) to do their protection, perhaps ti make his name true to its sense by the subjugation of the enemy. 6. अथ तेषां समाय. क्षेमं Welfare, protection. घो गोत्रापत्यं पुमान राघवः Rama. शुत्रुघ्नं आदिदेश. Rimit's givitis orders to Śatrughna is accounted for by i poetin fancy set out in the second half of the verse. Genitive singular of इदम् ref.:'s 1() Satrugini. नाम अर्गणां निग्रहः तस्मात् अरिनिग्रहात् . अन्य पदशं यथार्थ ( AJ:: :. Dhava) on यथा (भूत:) अर्थ: यम्य तं (Bahusrihi). करियन्ति । As if to make the name Satruglina true to its mea. ing. 774 zatia 77: A slayer of enemies. By killi Livana, he will justify his name'. यः कश्चन रघूणां हि परमेकः परंतपः । अपवाद इवोत्सर्ग व्यावर्तयितुमीश्वरः ।। ७ ।।

·76 RAGHUVAMSA 7. For any one among the Raghus engaged in the chastisement of enemies is efficient to drive out the enemy as an exception the general rule. 7. This verse explains why Rima did not himself go to attack Lavana. R Because. परान् तापयतीति परंतपः. द्विषत्वरयोस्तापेः इति खच्प्रत्ययः, खचि ह्रस्वः इति हृस्वः. अरुर्द्वि पदजन्तस्य मुम् इति मुमागमः. परंतपः adjectival to एकः, रघूणां मध्ये. रघु used in the sense of Raghu's descendants. यः कश्चन एक: Any one. परं = शत्रु. व्यावर्तयितुं ईश्वरः Is efficient to repel the foe. A śāstraic analogy is set out for the repulsion. अपवादः means विशेषशास्त्रं A special rule. उत्सर्गः A general rule. उत्सर्गमिव. As a special rule will exclude the operation of the general rule. The word qui has come in for a lot of discussion in treatises of grammar. रघोः गोत्रापत्यं पुमान् राघवः Its Genitive plural according to strict grammar will be गयवाणां. The word रघूणां can be justified only if there is warrant for the dropping of tite अपत्य suffix अण . There is a rule of Panini that all 315 suffixes drop in the plural numler, but not in the feminine gender. Vide Panini:-तद्राजस्य बहुषु तेनैवास्त्रियाम् . ऐश्वाफः ऐक्ष्वाको इक्ष्वाकवः. पाञ्चालः पाञ्चालों पञ्चालाः. What are तद्राज suffixes? Is अण in 1199: a azra suffix ? No. When a word denoting both it country and a ruler is sought to be employed in अपत्यार्थ it takes the suffix अ (अञ्) according to Panini:- जनपदशब्दान्क्षत्रियादञ् , and this will come under तद्राज suffixes. रधु in राघव no doubt denotes a ruler, but not ·FIFTEENTH CANTO 77 3 country. Hence the dropping of the 3792 suffix is not justified in the plural number. To obviate this objection the author of Siddhānta Kaumudi suggests that रघूणां represents the Genitive plural not of राघव, but of re itself used in a secondary sense. Vide Kaumudi :-रघूणामन्वयं वक्ष्य, निरुध्यमाना यदुभिः कथंचित् इति तु घुयदुशब्दयोस्तदपत्ये लक्षणया. अग्रजेन प्रयुक्ताशीस्ततो दाशरथी रथी ययौ वनस्थलीः पश्यन्पुष्पिताः सुरभीरभीः ॥ ८ ॥ 8. Then Dasaratha's son, receiving the blessings conferred by lis elder brother, mounted on a chariot and remaining fearless, went out bebolding the blooming and fragrant sites of forests. 8. ततः = तद + तस् Afterwards. अंग्रे जातः अग्रजः तेन अग्रजेन प्रयुक्ता आशाः यस्मै प्रयुक्ता: On theim blessings were' Bonferred by his elder brother Rani. रथ: स्यास्तानि रथी Seated on a chariot. न विद्यते भाः यग्य सः अभी: Fearless. दशरथस्यापत्यं पुमान् दाशरथिः refers to Satrughna. पुष्पाणि संजातानि आसामिति ताः पुष्पिता:. Panini :-- तदस्य संजातं तार कादिस्य उतच. पुष्पिता: and सुरभीः adjectival 10 वनस्थली:. वनस्य 74: ar: The forest-sites. Pat A natural site. स्थला An artificial plot of ground. पश्यन् ययो. रर्थी श्री and HÌ THÌ at the end of the two halves of the verse llustrate the verbal figure of speech known as Tamaka.

·78
RAGHUVAMSA
रामादेशादनुगता सेना तस्यार्थसिद्धये ।
पश्चादध्ययनार्थस्य धातोरधिरिवाभवत् ।। ९ ।।
9. The army that followed at the bidding of
Rāma served as much to bring out his success as the
prefix 3119 juxtaposed with the root meaning 'to
-tudy' to bring out its nmeaning.
9. रामस्य आदेशः तस्मात् रामादेशात अनुगता सेना The army
- hat followed.
तस्य अर्थसिद्धये अभवत् . In what way or
to what extent was the army of use to Śatrughna,
s clarified by all analogy drawn from the science
of Vyakarana. अध्ययनं अर्थः यस्य तम्य अध्ययनार्थस्य धातोः refers
11) the root इ. पश्चात् अधिः इव Like the Upasarga अधि at
The back of the root i. e., prefixed to the root. The
'oot इङ अध्ययने of the second conjugation means to
study. But it is always used with the prefix 31.
नियमधिपूर्वः. Though the root s itself denotes the iden
of study, the prefix 311a is invariably used as il
-uperfluous arpendage. In the same way thoug)
Satrughna was powerful enough to destroy the
nemy, the army followed him as a mere appendage
अथ in अर्थसिद्धये means प्रयोजन in the case of Satrughpal
nd' meaning'ini e case of the root. Amara :-
अर्थाऽभिधेयरैवस्तुप्रयोजननिवृत्तिषु.
आदिष्टवा मुनिभिः स गच्छंस्तपतां वरः ।
विरराज रथप्रष्ठालखिल्यैरिवांशुमान् ॥ १० ॥

·FIFTEENTH CANTO 79 10. That best of persons blazing with valour, is he passed on, his way being pointed out by the wiges going in advance of the chariot, shone like :he Sun preceded by Vālakhilyas. 10. 79: means one who goes in front. Panini :- योऽग्रगामिनि. रथस्य प्रष्टेः रथप्रष्ठेः मुनिभिः By the abovesaid -ages going in front of the chariot. आदिएं वर्म यस्य सः आदिष्टवर्मा Whose way was pointed out. गच्छन् Present articiple of गम् . तपतां वरः The best of resplendent eople. स: Satrughna. वालखिल्यः अंशुमानिव विरराज. Ialatbilyas are a set of 60,000 bright pigmy Sages lways walking in front of the Sun's chariot. Vide Bhagavata :-वालखिल्याः सहस्राणि षष्टिब्रह्मर्षयोऽमला: । पुरताऽभिमुख न्ति स्तुवन्ति स्तुतिभिर्विभुम् ॥ (XII-11). अंशुमान् The Sum. Tag: applies also to Vālakhilyas. तस्य मार्गवशाादेका बभूव वसतिर्यतः । रथस्वनोत्कण्ठमृगे वाल्मीकीये तपोवने ॥ ११ ॥ 11. During the journey he stayed one night ? the way in Valmiki's penance-grove where the ser were filled with enthusiasm by the sound of is chariot. 11. pa: Genitive singular of the present partipial form of sto go. Decline. :-Nominative- यन तो यन्तः : Genitive-यतः यतीः यता. यतः तम्य To Satrughna mat passed oll. मार्गवशात् On the wa). रथम्बनेन उत्कटाः ·80 RAGHUVAMSA मृगाः यस्मिंस्तस्मिन् रथस्वनोत्कण्ठमृगे The deer in the hermitage raised their necks on hearing the march of the clhariot. वाल्मीकेः इदं वाल्मीकीयं. अद्धाच्छः इति छप्रत्ययः. तस्मिन तपोवने In Valmiki's hermitage. एका वसति: बभूव He stayed for a night. वसति means night. Amara :-वसती रात्रिवेश्मनोः. तमृषिः पूजयामास कुमारं क्लान्तवाहनम् । तपःप्रभावसिद्धाभिर्विशेषप्रतिपत्तिभिः ॥ १२ ॥ 12. The sage honoured the prince whose horses had grown weary, with special hospitality presenter by the power of his penance. 12. क्लान्तानि वाहनानि यस्य तं क्लान्तवाहनं तं कुमारं ऋषिः पूजयामाम Valmiki honoured the prince. With what? विशेष- प्रतिपत्तिभि: With special acts of hospitality. How were they? तपसः प्रभावेण सिद्धाभिः. The ability of sages to treat guests with high-class hospitality by the power of their penance is well known. Bharadvaja's hospitality to Rama on his way back to Ayodhyā is proverbial. तस्यामेवास्य यामिन्यामन्तवत्री प्रजावती । सुतावमूत संपन्नौ कोशदण्डाविव क्षितिः ॥ १३ ॥ 13. On that very night his brother's wife wbie was pregnant gave birth to two sons as the Eutl would give rise to sourd fiscal power and military strength.

·FIFTEENTH CANTO 81 अन्तः 13. तस्यामेव यामिन्यां In that very night. अस्त्यस्या इति अन्तर्वनी. अन्तर्वत्पतिवतोर्नुक इति डीप नुगागमश्च. Amara : अन्तर्वनी च गर्भिणी. अस्य प्रजावती His brother's wife, Sita. मुतौ असूत Gave birth to two sons. It is supported by an analogy. क्षितिः संपन्नो कोशदण्डाविव. संपन्न Rich. कोशः Resources, treasures, treasury. ZO5: The power of arms, military strength, army. pela: feminine, Fizi: and coz: masculine; and hence the propriety of the siinile. असूत Imperfect of सू 2nd conjugation. संतानश्रवणाद्भातुः सौमित्रिः सौमनस्यवान् । प्राञ्जलिर्मुनिमामन्त्र्य प्रातयुक्तरथो ययौ ॥ १४ ।। 14. Filled with delight on hearing the birth of offspring for his brother, the son of Sumitra yoked his chariot in the morning and went on after taking leave of the sage, raising his knit palms. 14. भ्रातुः संतानश्रवणात् On hearing of the progen! his elder brother. शोभनं मनः अभ्याम्ताति सुमनाः, तस्य भावः सामनस्यं तदस्यास्ताति सौमनस्यवान् Possessel of good stirits. Jaíz:. dia: An indeclinable meaning at morn. युक्तः 14:475 97.74: 49 The horses were yoked to his chariot. गतः अञ्जलि प्रालिः (प्रादिसमास) Or प्रबद्धः अञ्जलि: येन (Bahurrihi). giã 37/477 After bidding good-bye to Viilmiki. यया Went on. स च प्राप मधूपघ्नं कुम्भीनस्याश्च कुक्षिजः । वनात्करमिवादाय सत्वराशिमुपस्थितः ।। १५ ।। 6 ·S2 RAGHUVAMSA 15. He reached Madhupaghna (Lavana's city), and Kumbhinasi's son (Larana) too came from the forest, carrying a leap of animals for his booty. 15. मधु is the name of Lavana's father. मधो: 298 (311278) also called Madhuvana or Madhurā, the name of Lavana's city. सः मधूपनं प्राप Satrughna. *ached Lavana's city. The repetition of 2 in this and the next clause shows the simultaniety of the *We actions. कुम्भाना Ravana's sister. कुक्षौ जातः कुक्षिजः Sson, कुम्भीनस्याः कुनिजः Lavana. वनात् करमिव. करः means -ribute. सवानां राशिमादाय Carrying a boots of animals. उपस्थितः Came. This isnd the next verse form one •entence:-युग्मं. धूमधूम्रो वसागन्धी ज्वालाबभ्रशिरोरुहः । क्रव्यागणपरीवारश्चिताग्निरिव जंगमः ॥ १६ ॥ 16. Gray like snioke, einitting the odour of fat, with hair led like flames and surrounded by a ;.ist of demons (birds of prey), he appeared like :: walking fire of the funeral pyre. 16. This very sets out a number of adjectives 1.!!alifying Larata i.e., कुक्षिजः in the previous verse. म इव धूम्रः. Amara :-धूम्रधूमलो कृष्णलोहिते. वसाया गन्ध अस्यास्तीति वसागन्धी. Almara :--- Amara:--हृन्मेदस्तु वपा वसा. ज्वालाइ चत्रवः शिरोरुहा: यम्य His hair was red like flames. Ainara बचः स्यापिङ्गले त्रिषु. ऋव्यं Flesh. क्रव्यं अदन्तीति व्याद: Raksasar

·FIFTEENTH CANTO
83
जव्यादा गण एव परीवारः यस्य Surrounded by a host of
Raksasas. गन्तुं शीलमस्य जङ्गमः Walking, as opposed too
ग्यावरः.
चिताया अग्निः चिताग्निः इव Like the funeral fire.
This verse sets out four features common to botlı gau
ind Ferarra. Fara fumes with sinoke, emits the odour
ť fat, presents red flames, and eagles and other
sirds of prey hover round it. #417 as applied to
चताग्नि means birds of prC.!'. The four corresponding
atures in Lavana have been already dealt withi.
अपशूलं तमासाद्य लवणं लक्ष्मणानुजः ।
रुरोध संमुखीनो हि जयो रन्ध्रप्रहारिणाम् ।। १७ ।।
17. On meeting him without his trident,
Laksmana's younger brother attackedl Lavina ; ior,
cictory faces those who strike it weak points.
17. लक्ष्मणस्य अनुजः लक्ष्मणानुजः Satrughnt अपगतं
लं यम्मात् अपशूलं Devoid of his trident. लवणं आसाध रुरोध.
ई Because. रन्ध्रेषु ग्रहतु शालमेषामिति रन्ध्रप्रहारिणः तयां रन्ध्रप्रहारिणां
To those who strike at the weak points of enemies.
he weak point in the context refers to the trident
ot being in the hands of the demon at the time.
जयः Victory'. संमुख दृश्यः संमुखीन: Becommos fit ourable.
Panini :—यथामुखसंमुखम्य दर्शनः ग्ब:.
नातिपर्याप्तमालक्ष्य मत्कुक्षेरद्य भोजनम् ।
दिष्टया त्वमसि मे धात्रा भीतेनेवोपपादितः ॥ १८ ॥

·84 RAGHUVANSA इति संतमं शत्रुघ्नं राक्षसस्तजिघांसया। प्रांशुमुत्पाटयामास मुस्तास्तम्बमिव द्रुमम् ॥ १९ ॥ 18 & 19. 'As if grown afraid on finding the food not quite sufficient for my belly to-day, Destiny has fortunately assigned you to me.' Thus thic demon threatened Satrughna and with a desire to kill him uprooted a tall tree as if it were a stalk of Mustagrass. अद्य. --- .. 18 & 19. मम कुक्षिः तस्य मत्कुक्षे: For my sto. mach. भुज्यत इति भोजनं Food. न अतिपर्याप्तं Not quite sufficient. आलक्ष्य On seeing. भीतनेत्र धात्रा The creator seems to have grown afraid. दिष्ट्या An, Indeclinable meaning fortunately. त्वं उपपादितः असि You have beell assigned or allotted to me. इति शत्रुघ्नं संतय. हन्तुं इच्छ जिघांसा Desiderative noun formed of हन. तस्य जिघांस तया तजिघांसया With a desire to kill him. राक्षसः. मुम्तायाः स्तम्वमिव. मुम्ता A kind of fragralit grass growing in ponds of which boars are very fond. प्रांशु द्रुमं उत्पाटयामा Pulled out a tall tree with the root as asily as if it were a stalk of Mustā grass. सौमित्रेनिशितैरन्तरा शकलीकृतः । गात्रं पुष्परजः प्राप न शाखी नैर्ऋतेरितः ॥ २० ॥ 20. The tree hurled by the demon, being chi to pieces on the way by the sharp arrows of Sumitra ·FIFTEENTH CANTO 85 - :0, did not leach his body, but the dust of its lowers did. 20. निक्रति is the progenitor of Raksasas. निऋते- पत्यं नैर्ऋतः refers to the demon Lavana. नैर्ऋतेन इरितः Thrown by the demon, शाखाः अम्य सन्तीति शाखी lit., one -YOssessed of branches; a tre'. सुमित्राया अपत्यं पुमान् गामित्रिः तम्य सौमित्रेः. निशिन Past passive participle of शो rith to sharpen, an alternative form being fazila. नशितः बाणैः By the sharp arrows of Satrughna. अन्तरा Midway. शकलीकृतः सन् Being cut to pieces. गात्रं न प्राप Did not reach Satrugima's body. (किंतु) पुष्परजः गात्रं पार But the pollen of its flowers fall on Satrughna's elson. विनाशात्तस्य वृक्षस्य रक्षस्तस्मै महोपलम् । प्रजिघाय कृतान्तस्य मुष्टिं पृथगिव स्थितम् ॥ २१ ॥ 21. Owing to the destruction of that tree, the mon threw at him a huge rock which looked like Death's fist standing in isolation. 21. 7: The demon, Nominative singular. TE उभ्य विनाशात् Owing to the destruction of the te'. महां- यो उपलश्च महोपलः. महत् when followed by a noun squalied by it in a compound changes to महा. Panini : ... न्महतः समानाधिकरणजातीययोः. तं महोपलं A huge stone. पृथक नं Standing separate. कृतान्तस्य मुििमव Like the list ilie god of death, नम्मै प्रजिघाय Perfect of हि with प्र ·86 RAGHUVAMŚA to send. The word gíu can be used both in the masco line and feminine genders. ऐन्द्रमस्त्रमुपादाय शत्रुघ्नेन स ताडितः । सिकतात्वादपि परां प्रपेदे परमाणुताम् ॥ २२ ॥ 22. Battered by Śatruglına by employing the missile presided over by Indra, it attained the stat. of atoms tinier than even sands. 22. मः The rock. शत्रु न. इन्द्रो देवता अस्यति ऐन्द्र अझ उपादाय ताडितः सन् . Indra is known to have crusher: the mountains in olden days. Hence the propriety of using Indra's missile in powdering a rock सिकतानां भावः सिकतात्वं. The suffixes त्व and ता (तल) arr added to a noun to denote its abstract quality Panini:- तस्य भावस्त्वतलों, त्वान्तं क्लीवम् and तलन्तं स्त्रियाम सिकतात्वादपि परां Even more than the state of sand.. परमाणोभीवः परमाणुता तां परमाणुतां The state of being it. atom. 9 Perfect of q? with 7. The rock was powdered into its minutest particles. तमुपाद्रवदुद्यम्य दक्षिणं दोर्निशाचरः। एकताल इवोत्पातपवनप्रेरितो गिरिः॥ २३ ।। 23. Raising his right hand, the demon rai at him like a mountain with a single palm tre propelled by the storm of deluge.

·FIFTEENTH CAVTO 87 7. 23. निशायां चरतीति निशाचरः A night-wanderer; & Raksasa ; the demon Lavana. दक्षिणं दोः उद्यम्य Raising his right hand. is used both in the masculine and neuter genders. The declension in the masculine is दोः दोषौ दोषः, दोषं दोषों दोषः-दोष्णः and st) on. Hence the use of at: here in the Accusativ singular relates to the Neuter' gender. दोः दोणी-दोषणा दोषाणि both in the Nominative and Accusative. The neuter gender of i is based on the authoriti of Mahabhāska FFETTU 17HEICA:. The masculine gender of die appears from Amara :-- भुजबाह बंधी दोः. Hence Śri Harsa says :-दोषं तस्य तथाविधस्या भजनश्वापस्य गृह्णन् गृणम Vide Siddhanta Kaumudi :-अत एव भाग्य ककुटोषणी इत्युदाहृतः । दाशब्दस्य नपुंसकत्वमत एव भायात् । तन दक्षिणं दानिशाचरः इति संगच्छते : भुजबाह प्रवेष्टो दोः इति साहचर्यात्पुंस्त्वमपि । दं तस्य तथाविधस्य भजत: इति । एकः तालः यस्मिन् सः एकताल: Possessed of a single palmyrah tree. उत्पतास्य पवनः, तेन परितः गिगिरिव Like : mountain mored by the storm islage'. नं उपाद्रवन Rushed towards him. काणेन पत्रिणा शत्रुः स भिन्नहृदयः पतन् । आनिनाय भुवः कम्पं जहाराश्रमवासिनाम् ॥ २४ ॥ 24. With his heart pierced by the arrow Presided over by Visnu, that enemy. us he fell down. brought a tremor of the Earth, but removed that o che dwellers in hermitages.

·88 RAGHUVAMSA भिन्नं हृदयं 24. सः शत्रुः refers to Lavana. कृष्णो देवता अस्येति काण: Presided over by Visnu. Amara :-विष्णुर्नारायणः कृष्णः. कानुन पत्रिणा By the Vaishnavite arrow. यस्य भिन्नहृदयः पतन् Falling down with a heart pierced. भुवः कम्पं आनिनाय Due to the weight of his body the Earth shook. आश्रमवासिनो कम्पं जहार Removed the fear of sages. वयसां पतयः पेतुर्हतस्योपरि विद्विषः । तत्प्रतिद्वन्द्विनो मूर्वि दिव्याः कुसुमवृष्टयः ॥ २५ ॥ 25. Batches of birds swooped over the enemy killed, whereas divine streams of flowers descended on the head of his adversary. 25. हतम्य विद्विषः उपरि वयसां पतयः पेतुः. वयस् Neuter, a bird. पेतुः Perfect, 3rd person plural of पत् to fall. तत्पतिद्वन्द्विनः मूनि तु But on Satrughna's head. दिवि भवाः दिव्या:. कुसुमानां वृष्टयः कुसुमवृष्टयः पेतुः Showers of heavenly tlowers fell. Cf. अथ मदगुरुपक्षलोकपालद्विपानामनुगतमलिवृन्दैगण्ड. भित्तीविहाय । उपनतमणिबन्धे मूनि पौलस्त्यशत्रोः सुरभि सुरविमुक्तं पुष्पवर्ष Raghu XII-102. स हत्वा लवणं वीरस्तदा मेने महौजसः । भ्रातुः सोदर्यामानमिन्द्रजिद्वधशोभिनः ॥ २६ ॥ 26. Having killed Lavaņa, that hero then deemed himself truly born of the same womb as his highly valorous brother who shone by slaying Indrajit. पपात ।।

·FIFTEENTH CANTO 89 . 26. सः वीरः refers to Satrughna. लवणं हत्वा On -laying Lavana. तदा आत्मानं मेने Then regarded himself. As what? इन्द्रजितो वधः, तेन शोभत इति तथाभूतस्य. महत ओजः यस्य तथाभूतस्य च भ्रातुः refers to Laksmana. समाने उदरे शयितः सेोदर्यः तं सोदर्य मेने He thought himself as a worthy brother of Laksmana. तस्य संस्तूयमानस्य चरितार्थ स्तपस्विभिः । शुशुभे विक्रमोदग्रं वीडयावनतं शिरः ।। २७ ।। 27. As he was praised by the sages whose purpose had been achieved, bujs head shone lofty irithi valour aud bent down through modesty. उग्र 27. चरितः अर्थः येषां ते चरितार्थः तपस्विभिः संस्तृयमानम्य तस्य "fers to Satrughna. शिरः विक्रमेण उदग्रं बाइया अवनतं च शुशुभे For modesty is an ornament of herot's. Lofty. Amara:--उच्चप्रांशून्नतादग्रोच्छितास्तुझे. उपकूलं स कालिन्द्याः पुरी पौरुषभूषणः । निर्ममे निर्ममोऽर्थेषु मधुरां मधुराकृतिः ॥ २८ ।। 28. Decked by valour, detached from temporal njoyments and sweet in appearance, he built the ity of Madhura on the banks of the Yannunci. 28. पौरुषं भूषणं यस्य पौरुषभूपण: Who ( Orali nent ras heroism. अर्थेषु. निर्गतः मम ममकार: ममन्व) यस्मात्यः SÅR: Free from attachment to worldly possessions. पुरा आकृतिः यस्य मधुराकृतिः Of Sweet appearanc('. These ..

·90 RAGHUVAMSA three are adjectival to मः Satrughna. कलिन्द is th. name of a mountain wherefrom the Yamunā de rives its source. कलिन्दस्यापत्यं स्त्री कालिन्दी तस्याः कालिन्द्याः कूल उपकूलं an Avyayibhava compound. विभक्त्यर्थे अव्ययीभावः Hiti gti The city named Madhurā, the modern Muttra. निर्ममे Perfe:t of मा with निर to construct. या सौराज्यप्रकाशाभिर्वभौ पौरविभूतिभिः । स्वर्गाभिष्यन्दवमनं कृत्वेवोपनिवेशिता ॥ २९ ॥ 29. Which by the luxuries of citizens shining under his benign rule appeared as if it were co!ony founded for the surplus populatiou of Heaveri 29. या Which city. शोभनः राजा यस्याः सा सुगज्ञी, तस्य भावः सौराज्यं Governance by a good sovereign. तेत प्रकाशाभिः पोगणां विभूतिभिः By the riches of its citizenwhich shone thus. म्वर्गस्य अभिष्यन्दः, तस्य वमनं कृत्वा. अभिष्यन्दः Excess population. वमनं An exodus. कृत्वा उपनिवेशित 59 Founded by causing an exodus of the surplus population of Heaven; founded as their colony. बर्भ Kautilya refers to two methods of founding a new city. भूतपूर्वमभूतपूर्व वा जनपदं परदेशप्रवाहेण स्वदेशाभिष्यन्दवमनेन । निवेशयेत् . Compare similar description of ओषधिप्रस्थः- अलकामतिवाद्येव वसतिं वसुसंपदाम्। स्वर्गाभिष्यन्दवमनं कृत्ववोपनिवेशितम् Kumarasambhava VI-37. Compare also the clo scription of Ujjain :--म्वल्पीभूते सुचरितफले स्वर्गिणां गां गतानां शो पुण्यै हतमिव दिवः कान्तिमत्खण्डमेकम्। Meghasandesa I-30.

·FIFTEENTH CANTO तत्र सौधगतः पश्यन्यमुनां चक्रवाकिणीम् । हेमभक्तिमती भूमेः प्रवेणीमिव पिप्रिये ॥ ३० ॥ 30. Standing on a mansion there, lie liza pleased on seeing the Yamunā abounding in rudd; geese like the Earth's lock of mir abounding: gold designs. 30. तत्र In that city Madhuri. साधं गतः सांधगत Having got up the mansion. 7: Satrughna. 1917: सन्त्यस्यामिति तां चक्रवाकिणी यमुनां पश्यन Seeing the Yamun. with the Cakravāka birds afloat. How did he spp दमः भक्तयः सन्त्यस्यामिति तां हेमभक्तिमती ममः प्रणामिव TE: Yamunā ppeared like a braid of hair of the Eart lecked with golden designs. The black Yamun. corresponds to the braid of hair, and the muddy gees co the golden ornamental figures. 7240 Visualisin. t us such. पिप्रिये Perfect of प्रा the please], 41 onjugation. सखा दशरथस्यापि जनकस्य च मन्त्र कृत् । संचस्कारोभयप्रीत्या मैथिलेयौ यथाविधि ।। ३१ ।। 31. A friend of Dasaratha and ot Jantka tivat he was, the sage (founder of Mantras ) out of love or both duly performed the sacraments for both thions of Maithili. 31. In this verse the poet continues the story f the birth of Sīta's children dealt with in Verse 13 ·.92 RAGHUVAMSA above. दशरथस्य जनकस्य च सखा मन्त्रकृत् अपि. मन्त्रं करोतीति मन्त्रकृत् here refers to Sage Valmiki. मन्त्रकृत् literally means an author of Mantras. But the theory is that sages only discovered mantras which were already in existence. उभयोः प्रीत्या उभयप्रीत्या Out of his love for Dasaratha and Janaka. मैथिल्याः अपत्ये पुमांसा मैथिलेयो Accusative, the two sons of Maithili. स्त्रीभ्यो ढक. विधिमनतिक्रम्य यथाविधि In conformity with the Sastrait rules. संचस्कार Perfect of कृ with सं. संपरिभ्यां करोती भूषणे इति सुट. The sage performed जातकरण, Ptc. for the boys. नामकरण स तो कुशलवोन्मृष्टगर्भक्लेदौ तदाख्यया। कविः कुशलवावेव चकार किल नामतः ॥ ३२ ॥ 32. The poet named them Kuća and Lava whose nterine moisture was wiped off by Kuća Darbha grass) and Lila (the hair of a cow's tail) respectively after the names if those two, so goes the tradition. . 32. The sage nines the two boys Kusa and Lava. This verse sets out the genesis of their names. मः कविः refers to Valmiki. कुशेः लवेश्च उन्ष्टः गर्भक्लेदः ययोमी. According to Manātha, Kuśa means the Darblia grass, ind Lava the hair of a cow's tail. The latter meaning is based on the authority of Vaijayantſ:-- लवो लवर्णाक हपामगोपुच्छलोमसु. क्लेद: means inoisture. But गर्भक्लेदः is construed by Mallinatha as गर्भापद्रवः--the ·33955 FIFTEENTH CANTO 93 strain due to a confinement in the womb. The ide: is that the sage caused water consecrated by Mantras to be sprinkled over the boys to prevent any evil influence due to the recent birth. The water was sprinkled over the elder child with Kusa grass as a result of which he was uued kusit. The younger child was sprinkled by means of Lullat dipped in consecrated water, and therefore be wiss called Lava. at The two sons of Maithili, Accusative तपां कुशानां लवानां च आख्यया तदाख्यया. नामत: By name.. कुशलवावेव : चकार किल. कुशोन्मृष्टः कुश:, लवोन्मृष्टो लवः. (T. Rima ani: जगाम तत्र हृष्टात्मा ददर्श च कुमारको। भूतनी चाकराताम्यां रक्षा रक्षा- विनाशिनीम् ॥ कुशमुष्टिमुपादाय लवं चैव तु म द्विजः । वाल्मीकिः प्रददी नाम्यां रक्षां भूतविनाशिनीम् ॥ Uttara Kinda 66- & 6. According to commentaries on Ramayana, Kusa was sprinkled with anytu or the tips of Kusil grass. whereas Lava was sprinkled with 79 which is interpreted there as meaning the stem-portion thereof. Vide Govindara.ja :-कुशमुध्यप्राधाभागाभ्यां क्रमाव्यप्रकानप्रयाः 461577. The sprinkling was done by matrons at the el!est of the sage. From this verse wr can gilllier that the purification by consecrated water was done. at the wiping off of the uterine moisture. साङ्गं च वेदमध्याप्य किंचिदुत्क्रान्तशैशवो । वकृति गापयामास कविप्रथमपद्धतिम् ॥ ३३ ॥ 33. As they grew a little past their childhood, taught them the Veda with its subsidiaries and

·94
RAGHUVAMSA
..
1
cade them sing his own composition which was the
Erst dawn of poesy.
33. किंचित् उत्क्रान्तं शेशवं ययोस्ती किंचिदुत्क्रान्तशेशवी Accu-
sative. तो understood. अजैः सह वर्तत इति साङ्गः. Veda is said
have six angas or subsidiary sciences. Amara :
शिक्षा व्याकरणं छन्दो निमतं ज्योतिषं तथा। कल्पवेति षडङ्गानि वेदस्याहुम.
पिणः ॥ साङ्गं वेदं अध्याय After teaching them the Veda
with all its auxiliary sciences. कवीनां प्रथमपद्धतिं The
Erst sample of poets. स्वकृति refers to Ramayana.
JI921414 Perfect of the causal of to sing. The
predicate, as it is lised in the callsal, governs two
10.jects. ती म्वकृति गापयामास.
रामस्य मधुरं वृत्तं गायन्तौ मातुरग्रतः ।
तद्वियोगव्यथां किंचिच्छिथिलीचक्रतुः सुतौ ॥ ३४
37. Singing the sweet story of Rama in froni
of their mother, both the sons assuaged a little he
sain due to separation from bin.
34. At may be taken as an adjective qualify
iy वृत्तं or as an adverb modifying गायन्ती. सुतो The t.it
sins-Kusa and Lava. गमस्य वृत्तं मातुरग्रतः मधुरं गायन्त
तम्य वियोगः, तेन या टपथा तां, किंचित् . अशिथिलां शिथिलां संपद्यमा
चक्रतुः शिथिलीचक्रतु Lightened her pain of separatio:
from Räma.
इतरेऽपि रघोश्यास्त्रयस्वेताग्नितेजसः ।
तद्योगात्पतिवनीषु पत्नीवासन्द्विसूनवः ॥ ३५ ॥

·FIFTEENTH CANTO 95 35. The other three also of Raghu's Scións Jossessed of valour like the triple fire begot two-0115 ach on their wives who excelled among married adies by their contact. 35. The poet now reverts to the incidens in Ayodhya अग्नीनां त्रेता (त्रयं) वेताग्निः Or तासंबन्धी अग्निः ताग्निः. त्र्याणां भावः त्रिता o ता. The एकार in त्रेता must be explained 's the application of the rule पृषोदादीनि यथोपदम् . şirasvamin dissolves ar as ata gar. Hei igazin he TF1 has to be explained by the same rule. The hree Agnis are दक्षिणाग्नि, आह्वनाय and गार्हपत्य. वनरव जः येषां ते त्रेताग्नितेजसः. रघा:. वंशे भवाः वंश्या: इतर त्रयोऽपि Tit. ther three; the three other than Rim; Bharatil, Laksmana and Satrughna. तघां योगः तम्मान नद्योगात Due o their connection. पति: आमामस्तानि नासु पतिवनीपु. Pinini:--- अन्तर्वत्पतिवतो क् . Amra:-..-पनिवना गमतृका. पाविना One whose husband is alive. पनापु. द्रो हो मन जाने 77. in the Vigralia consells that cach vad कचित्संख्याशब्दस्य निविषय वागाथवं सप्तपणादिवट . शत्रुघातिनि शत्रुघ्नः सुबाहौ च बहुश्रुते । मधुराविदिशे मून्वोर्निदधे पूर्वजोत्सुकः ॥ ३६ ।। 36. Eager to meet his elder brother, satrughna. ttled Madhwa and Vidiśä on his two sons Siilllhatin and Subāhu of great learning. 36. पूर्वज उत्सुक: पूर्वजोत्सुकः Eager to meet hi toidti 'ther Rima. शत्रुघ्नः. बहु श्रुतं यस्य तम्मिन् बहुश्रुते adjectiv::l NO Sons. THE KUPPUSWAMI SASTA RESEARCH INSTITUTE CHENNAI-4 ·96 RAGHUVANSA to both शत्रुघातिनि and सुबाहौ. Fra: On his two sons o! those names. मधुरा च विदिशा च मधुराविदिशे Accusativt. Ayat corresponds to the modern Muttra in the province of Agra. Vidišā is the capital of Daśārnaand corresponds to the modern Bhilsa in the province of Malwa. Pagù Perfect, 3rd person singular of with fä, to deposit or entrust. The idea is that Śatrughna started back for Ayodhyā. भूयस्तपोव्ययो मा भृद्वाल्मीकेरिति सोऽत्यगात् । मैथिलीतनयोगीतनिःस्पन्दमृगमाश्रमम् ॥ ३७ ।। 37. In order that there might be no prejudice again to his penance, le went past the herinitage, of Vālmīki, where the deer stood motionless at the singing of the sons of Maithili. 37. 9: 9171ZA 377017 He by-passed Valmiki's hermitage. 33nia Aorist, 3rd person singular of with tía. Panini: GOT IT TË. Why did he by-pass : 23: 771772: A! 47. in In order that there may not 14. again a hindrance to his penance. A147. In juxta position with Al, a root takes the Aorist termination: in the sense of all IT-lenses or noods. Here tli sense of the Insperative miood is intended. Furthe in juxtaposition with A1 ( #12) it predicate used wit the Aorist or Inperfect terminations drops the initia augment 31 (397). How was the hermitage? ft Il तनययोः उद्गीतेन निःस्पन्दाः मृगाः यस्मितं Ravished by the son ..

·FIFTEENTH CANTO 97 of Rāmāyaṇa sung by Kusa and Lava, the deer stood motionless. वशी विवेश चायोध्यां रथ्यासंस्कारशोभिनीम् । लवणस्य वधात्पौरैरीक्षितोऽत्यन्तगौरवम् ।। ३८ ।। 38. Looked at with high regard by the citizens due to the slaughter of Lavana, he that had conquered his senses, entered Ayodhyii which looked bright with the decorations of its streets. 38. वशी means जितान्द्रयः. अयो यां विवेश He entered Ayodhyū. How was Ayodhyā? रयानां संस्कारः शोभत इति तथाभूतां रथ्यासंस्कारशोभिनी. How was heilt the time! 7701279912 Due to the destruction of Lavana. पोरें: अन्यन्तं गौरवं यस्मिन् कर्मणि तत्तथा अत्यन्तगौरवं इक्षित: सन . स ददर्श सभामध्ये सभासद्भिपस्थितम् । राम सीतापरित्यागादसामान्यपतिं भुवः ॥ ३९ ।। 39. He beheld Rama attended upon by counillors in the midst of the council-hall, who due to de relinquishment of Sitä had become the ex- Tusive husband of the Earth. 39. स: रामं ददर्श. How was Ram: (1) यभामय भासद्भिः उपस्थितं. Amara:--सभासदः सभास्तागः सन्या: सामाजिका पि. सभायां सीदन्ति सभासदः (2) सातापरित्यागात् भुवः असामान्यपति ce was tlie exclusive lord of the Earth since he had Orsaken Sità. 7 ·98 RAGHUVAMSA - तमभ्यनन्दत्प्रणतं लवणान्तकमग्रजा। कालनेमिवधात्प्रीतस्तुराषाडिव शाङ्गिणम् ॥ ४०॥ 40. The senior brother congratulated Lavana'- -layer as he saluted him, as Indra pleased with the destruction of Kälanemi did Vişnu. 40. अंग्रे जातः अग्रजः The elder brother Ranal लवणस्य अन्तकः तं प्रणतं तं अभ्यनन्दत् Felicitated Satrughnu. The second half of the verse sets out an analogy. Faſh: is a demon with a hundred hands killed by Visnu. कालनेमेः वधात् प्रीतः. तुराषाट् an epithet of Indra. तुरं (त्वरितं) साहबति (अभिभवन्यरीन् ) इति तुराषाट् . शार्जिणं इव As indra felicitated his younger brother Vişnu on the Hestruction of the demon Kālanemi. स पृष्टः सर्वतो वार्तमाख्यद्राज्ञे न संततिम् । प्रत्यर्पयिष्यतः काले कवेराद्यस्य शासनात् ।। ४१ ॥ 41. On being asked he communicated to the sing the well-being of all concerned but not the birth t children in pursuance of the bidding of the firs: poet who was to hand them over at the proper time 41. स: Satrughna. पृष्टः सन् On being questioned सर्वतः वात = कुशलं Welfare, well-being. राज्ञे आख्यत् Aoris 3rd person singular of 79 withi 31. aici 7 BEYT Bu did not tell him the birth of children. Why? का प्रत्यर्पयिष्यत: आद्यस्य कवः शासनात् Because Valmiki had for bidden him to communicate the news before ti ·FIFTEENTH CANTO 99 zoper time when the sage himself would land over harge of the children. अथ जानपदो विप्रः शिशुमप्राप्तयौवनम् । अवतार्याङ्कशय्यास्थं द्वारि चक्रन्द भूपतेः ।। ४२ ।। 42. Afterwards a rustic Brahmin wailed aloud if the king's door, laying down at the couch of his up id child (who died) before reaching the age of outh. 42. अथ जनपदे भवः जानपदः विप: A Brahmin from p-country. अप्राप्तयौवनं शिशु. मृतं implied in the context. पतः द्वारि At the gate of Rama. अङ्क एव शरया, तस्यां निति स्मिन कर्मणि तत्तथा अङ्कशय्यास्थं adverbial adjunct to अवतार्य, 77. He took the deceased child on his lap and ried itloud. शोचनीयामि वसुधे या त्वं दशरथाच्च्युता। रामहस्तमनुप्राप्य कष्टात्कष्टतरं गता ।। ४३ ॥ 43. Lamentable are you, () Earth, who, slipng from Dasaratha and getting into the hands of ima, have come to the saddest of sid plighits.' 43. This verse represents the words of lamention uttered by the Brahmin. हे वसुधे या न्वं दशरथात् यता रामहस्तमनुप्राय कष्टात् कटतरं गता (मा) शोचनीया असि. You ive slipped from the hands of Dasaratha, which is ·100 RAGHUVAMSA itself your misfortune. Your passing into the hand: of Rāma is a worse misfortune. So you are to be lamented. श्रुत्वा तस्य शुचो हेतुं गोप्ता जिहाय राघवः । न ह्यकालभवो मृत्युरिक्ष्वाकुपदमस्पृशत् ॥ ४४ ॥ 44. On hearing the cause of his grief, Raghin. va, the protector, felt ashamed. For premature deatı: had never touched the land of Ikşvākus. तम्य (ब्राह्मणस्य) शुचः Genitive singular of शुच . ar On liearing the cause of his grief viz., the death of his child. गोप्ता राघवः. जिहाय Perfect of ह्री to be ashamed. The idea is that a premature death of his subjects is due to the king's mal feasance. अकालभवः मृत्युः इक्ष्वाकृणां पदं न अस्पृशत् In the land of Ik svakus the younger never died before the elder. स मुहूर्त क्षमस्वेति द्विजमाश्वास्य दुःखितम् । यानं सस्मार कोबरं वैवस्वतजिगीषया ॥ ४५ ॥ 45. After consoling the grief-stricken Bralımir with the words, Pardon for a while,' he recalled ti his mind the vehicle of Kubela with a view ti conquering the God of Death. 45. मुहूर्त क्षमस्व Pardon for a while. इति स: दुःखि द्विजम् आश्वास्य. वैवस्वतः Yama , the Sun's son. विवस्व ·FIFTEENTH CANTO 101 अपत्यं पुमान् . जेतुं इच्छा जिगीषा, वैवस्वतम्य जिगीषा तया. कुबेरस्येदं कांबेरं यानं refers to Puspaka. सस्मार Perfect telse of स्मृ 50 remember. आत्तशस्त्रस्तदध्यास्य प्रस्थितः स रघूद्वहः । उच्चचार पुरस्तस्य गृढरूपा सरस्वती ॥ ४६ ॥ 46. The Lord of Raghus mounted it, taking Dis weapon and set out. And in his front came out it voire from an unknown source :-- 46. आनं शस्त्रं येन सः आत्तशस्त्रः, आत्त Past passive participle of ai with 311. तत् अन्यास्य तम्मिन् आसिवा. Mounting the Puşpaka. 70 is used in the Accusative by reason of the juxtaposition with 341? prefixed Hiith अधि. Panini :-अधिशीदस्यासां कर्म. मः रघूणां उद्वहः रघूहहः The leader of Raghus. ginja: Active participle of था with प्र to start. स्थित == स्था + न.. Pimini :-- निस्यात- मारथामिनि किति. तस्य पुर: In front of him. गृढं म्पं यस्याः EFT grei A voice whose identity was hidden; in vice in the sky. उच्चचार Burst fortli. राजन्प्रजासु ते कश्चिदपचारः प्रवर्तते । तमन्विष्य प्रशमयेर्भवितासि ततः कृती ।। ४७ ।। 47. King, a certain breach of conduct is afoot the midst of your subjects. Search for and quash You will then be successful.'

·102 RAGHUVAMSA 47. हे गजन ने प्रजासु कश्चित् अपचार: प्रवर्तते. अपचार Either dereliction or transgression of caste-rules i the context. तं अन्विष्य प्रशमयेः Potential, 2nd person singular of the causal of शम् with प्र. You shall tra('. and quell it. तत:. कृती means कृतकृत्य:. भवितासि 15 Future, 2nd person singular of भू . इत्याप्तवचनाद्रामो विनेष्यन्वर्णविक्रियाम् । दिशः पपात पत्रेण वेगनिष्कम्पकेतुना ।। ४८ ॥ 48. On hearing this reliable statement, Rāma wishing to put down the breach of caste-rules, flew to all quarters on his vehicle whose flag was motionless due to speed. 48. इति. आप्त A reliable person or merely reliable आप्तस्य वचनं or आप्तं च तत् वचनं च तस्मात् आप्तवचनात् रामः वर्णम् विक्रिया वर्णविक्रिया A breach of caste-rules. तां विनेष्यन Future participial form of नी with वि to subdue. निर्गत कम्पः यस्मात् सः नि कम्प: Motionless. वेगेन निष्कम्पः केतुः यस्य ते पत्रेण. पत्रं means a vehicle. Amara:--पत्रं वाहनपक्षयोः दिशः पपात Flew in all directions. अथ धूमाभिताम्राक्षं वृक्षशाखावलम्बिनम् । ददर्श कंक्ष्विाकस्तपस्यन्तमधोमुखम् ॥ ४९ ॥ 49. Then the descendant of Ikşvāku saw a ce tain person whose eyes were reddened by smok hanging from the branch of a tree and doing penani with face turned downwards.

·FIFTEENTH CANTO 105 49. 3787 Afterwards. इक्ष्वाकोः गोत्रापत्यं पुमान् ऐक्ष्वाकः Decline :--ऐक्ष्वाक: ऐश्वाको इक्ष्वाक् वः. When a noun denoteboth a ruler and a country, the 3194 suffix added to it in the sense of offspring drops in the plural numbers but not of the feminine gender. Panini :-- जनपदशब्दात्क्षत्रियादञ , कोपधादग् , ते तद्राजाः and तद्राजस्य बहुप तनेवास्त्रियाम् . कंचित् ददर्श. Rāma saw some one whose name is ſambuka as disclosed in the next verse. How was Sambuka? धूमेन अभिताने अक्षिणा यस्य तं धूमाभिताम्राक्ष The drinking of smoke as diet is peculiar to al extreme type of penance-doers. अक्षि meaning an ese at the end of a Bahurrihi changes to अक्ष. Vide Panini :-बहुव्राही सक्थ्यक्ष्णोः स्वाङ्गात्धच . वृक्षस्य शाखाम् अवलम्बत इति तथाभूतं Hanging down the branch of a tree. अधोमुग with face turned down. तपस्यन्तं Doing penance. पृष्टनामान्वयो राज्ञा स किलाचष्ट धूमपः । आत्मानं शम्बुकं नाम शूद्रं सुरपदार्थिनम् ।। ५० ॥ 50. Asked about his name and heredity by the king, he that drank smoke described himself as ù Śūdra named Sanıbuka seeking the rank of a god, 50. राज्ञा By the king. नाम च अन्वयश्र नामान्त्रयों Name and family. पृष्टी नामान्वयो यस्य सः पृष्टनामान्वयः, धूमं पिबताति धूमपः सः आत्मानं. सुरपदं अर्थयत इति तं सुरपदार्थिनं Praying for the seat of gods. शम्बुकं नाम शूद्रं आचष्ट किल Declared that he was a ſūdra named Sambuka. आचष्ट Imperfect, ·104 RAGHUVAMSA आचष्ट आचक्षातां 3rd person singular of चश् with आ. आचक्षत. किल So goes the tradition. तपस्यनधिकारित्वात्प्रजानां तमघावहम् । शीर्षच्छेद्यं परिच्छिद्य नियन्ता शस्त्रमाददे ॥ ५१ ॥ 51. Aslhe was not qualified to do penance and as such brought sin on his subjects, the ruler concluded that he was fit to be beheaded and took hold of the weapon. 51. तपसि. अधिकारः अस्यास्तीति अधिकारी, स न भवति अनधि- कारी, तस्य भावः अनधिकारित्वं तस्मात् अनधिकारित्वात् As he was not competent or entitled to do penance. प्रजानां अघस्य आवहः तं One who brought misery on the subjects. तं refers too Sambuka. शाषस्य छेदः, तं अर्हताति तथाभूतं शीर्षच्छेद्यं. Panini :-शीर्षच्छेदाद्यच्च. परिच्छिद्य Rima concluded that he was punishable with a severance of his head. नियन्ता A controller; Rama. शस्त्रं आददे Took up the weapon. स तद्वक्त्रं हिमक्लिष्टकिञ्जल्कमित्र पङ्कजम् । ज्योतिष्कणाहुतश्मश्रु कण्ठनालादपातयत् ॥ ५२ ॥ 52. He felled down from the stalk of his neck bis face whose beard was scorched by the sparks of fire like a lotus-flower whose filaments were scorched by dew.

·FIFTEENTH CANTO 105 52. सः Rama. तस्य वक्त्रं तद्वक्त्रं Sambukin's face', qualified by an adjective. ज्योतिषां कगाः, तः आहतानि मश्रृणि यस्य तत् The hair of the beard therein were corched by the sparks of fire. He has already been referred to as drinking smoke. Ii presupposes it fire. The sparks emanating therefromharing fallen on his beard, it appears scorched. The idea is presented by an analogy. हिमेन क्लिष्टाः किंजल्काः यस्य नत तादृशं पङ्कजमिव It appeared like a lotus floser whose filaments had been scorched by dew. कण्ठ एव नालं तम्मात The neck is treated as a stalk on which the lotus-Power of his head rests. कण्ठनाळात अपातयत् Imperfect of the ausal of पत्. He caused the face to fall down. कृतदण्डः स्वयं राज्ञा लेभे शूद्रः सतां गतिम् । तपसा दुश्चरेणापि न स्वमार्गविलचिना ॥ ५३ ।। 53. Dealt punishment by the king himseli, the Sūdra reached the goal of the pious, but not by his penance which, though dificult to perform, Sminsgressed his own code of conduct. 53. शूद्रः Sambika. गजा म्बयं. कृतः दन: यम्य मः कृतदण्डः ने सतां गति लेभे Perfect of लभ . दुःखन चरितुं योग्यं तन दुश्चरेण पि. स्वस्य मार्ग विलसत इति तन तपसा न लेभे. Oilenders when unished by the king are freed from their sin abso. ately. So says Manu:--राजभिः कृतदण्डास्तु ऋन्या पापानि नवाः। निर्मलाः म्वर्गमायान्ति सन्तः मुऋतिनो यथा ॥ VIII-318.

·106 RAGHUVAMŠA रघुनाथोऽप्यगस्त्येन मार्गसंदर्शितात्मना । महौजसा संयुयुजे शरत्काल इवेन्दुना ॥ ५४ ।। 54. The Lord of Raghus too came in contact with Agastya of great powers, who presented himself to his sight on the way as the autumna season would coine in contact with the moon. 54. रघुनाथाऽपि. मागें संदशितः आत्मा यस्य तेन Who made his appearance on the way. महत् ओजः : यस्य तेन महौजसा Very powerful. अगस्त्येन संयुयुजे Came in contact with Agastya. अगं (विन्ध्यादि) स्त्यायति (स्तम्भितवान् ) इति अगस्त्यः. Thel meeting of Rāma with Agastya is supported by all analogy. शरत्काल: इन्दुमिव. The autumnal moon is said to be specially clear and beautiful. The adjectives artiferareal and gaat may be iaken along with इन्दुना als). कुम्भयोनिरलंकारं तस्मै दिव्यपरिग्रहम् । ददौ दत्तं समुद्रेण पीतेनेवात्मनिष्क्रयम् ॥ ५५ ॥ 55. Agastya gave him an ornament worth of use by the gods which appeared like a ranson paid for his release by the Ocean which had bee drunk. 55. कुम्भः योनिः यस्य सः कुम्भयोनिः. The semen | the two gods-Mitra and Varuņa fell at the sighti the celestial nymph Ūrvaśī. Part of it fell into ·FIFTEENTH CANTO 107 pitcher, and part of it in water, Agastya was lor? from the former, and Vasistha from the latter. 34*7.17 refers to a bracelet, as can be gathered from the later story. This ornament is later said to have dropped down unnoticed in the waters of the Sarayı from the hands of Kusa when he was sporting in its water's The loss was discovered wben he came to the shore after the bath. He then caused a search: to be made of the same, and ultimately it was known that it passed into the possession of the serpent-king Kumuda, wlierupon Kuśa kiischarged the Grudil missile which led to Kumuda's submission and resto. ration of the ornament along with tlie band of his sister Kumudvati to Kuša. See Raghu 117-72&73. परिगृह्यत इति परिग्रहः, दिव्यानां परिग्रहः तं Tht ornament Wits tir to be worn by celestials. समुंण दनं 'The Omument had been given by Samudra to Agastyil. 7 Agastya presented it to Rāma. The gilt of the ('rnament by Samudra does not accord with the story in Rāmāyaṇa. The story is told in Rämäyanis Cttarakānda, 78th sarga, of a king, Sveta by name, who had ascended to Brahmalokit by the power ut his penance. There too he was worried by hunger and thirst, and at the bidding of Brahmii he relieved himself by daily coming down to a lake and eating his own corpse in this world. Agastya who chanced io ee his feasting on his dead body was shocked at the ight and relieved him of the curse. King Sveti ·108 RAGHUVAMSA presented an ornament in return to Agastya, which had miraculous powers. It may be seen that Samura comes nowhere in this story. Why did Samudra present the bracelet? पीतेन आत्मनिष्क्रयमिव दत्तं It seemed that the Ocean having been drunk by Agastya paid this ornament is a ranson for his liberation. The story of the drinking of the sea by Agastya is related in Mahabharata, Vana Parva, Tirtha Yātrā Parvā, Adhyāyas 102 to 105. A species of Asuras known as Kālakeyas hiding themselves in the waters of the Ocean committed havoc on the earth at night, killing Brahmins, Saints and others. At the request of the gods Agastya drank up the sea to enable them to destroy the Asuras. TT-ÀFIFI Foglaazimio algari पश्चानिववृते रामः प्राक्परासुर्द्विजात्मजः ।। ५६ ॥ 56. Holding it in his hand which had ceased! its activities round the neck of Maithilī, Räma came i back later, but earlier did the deceased son of the Brahmin. 56. भथिन्याः कण्ठे निर्व्यापारण वाहुना तं दधत् Present participle of i, adjectival to 1A:. Decline:-दधत् दधती दधतः. The absence of नुम is due to Panini:-नाभ्यस्ताच्छतुः. 7:4: 7211 fara Rāma returned later. परागताः असवः यस्य 7: TIE: È FIAF: The deceased son of the Brahmin. 09. farà Came bick earlier.

·FIFTEENTH CANTO 100 तस्य पूर्वोदितां निन्दां द्विजः पुत्रसमागतः । स्तुत्या निवर्तयामास त्रातुर्वैवस्वतादपि ॥ ५७ ।। 57. The Brahmin on being associated with his son wound up the censure previously started liy him with praising him who offered protection against the God of Death himself. 57. पुत्रेण समागतः द्विजः The Brahmin who was joined to his son. वैवस्वतादपि त्रातुः Who protected his child from the God of Death himsell, adjectival to 70. aiicai fazzi The censure which was expressed at the outset. razr faqa hat He gave a go-bye to it by starting his praise. तमध्वराय मुक्ताश्वं रक्षाकपिनरेश्वराः । मेघाः सस्यमिवाम्भोभिरभ्यवर्षन्नुपायनैः ।। ५८ ।। 58. As he released his horse for the sacrifice the chiefs of demons and monkeys isnd kings showered presents on him as clouds would shower water on the crops. 58. Here begins the performance of the Asvilmedha sacrifice by Rāma. 37A117 For the sacrifice Amara :-यज्ञः सवोऽध्वरो यागः सप्ततन्तुर्मग्यः ऋतुः. मुक्तः अश्वः येन तं #ars. The performance of Aśvamedha is an index ut universal sovereignty. The king engaged in it lias to let loose a horse to roam about in all countries ·110 RAGHUVAMSA with a band of protectors to fight the rival king who would seize it by force. When all the rivals are put down the horse is led back safely to the -acriticial site at the expiry of a year from the date Jif its release. Then the ritual of Aśvamedha is gone through, where the said borse is sacrificed. Faila 79747 à ai T: The chiefs of demons, monkeys and men viz., Vibhīşana and his comrades, Sugrīva and his comrades and all kings. 28: 372294a Showered presents on him. Like what? HTT: 347HTH: upina As clouds would slower waters on the crops. दिग्भ्यो निमन्त्रिताश्चैनमभिजग्मुर्महर्षयः । न भौमान्येव धिष्ण्यानि हित्वा ज्योतिर्मयान्यपि ॥ ५९॥ 59. On invitation the great sages came to him from all directions after leaving off not only their terrestrial homes but also their luminiferous ones. 59. Arizar: Invited. EMT: Greit sages. Ha बन्धीनि भोमानि धिण्यान्यव न हित्वा किंतु ज्योतिर्मयान्यपि हिन्वा. Sages have residences both on earth and up above in the sky. By way of example may be cited Agastya, Dhruva, the seven sages and so on. They have their habitation in the Earth and they occupy the sky as stars or lwninaries. When Rāma summoner them for the sacrifice they left not only their earthly alodes, but also their luminous ones. To Residence ·FIFTEENTH CANTO 111 Amara:--विष्यमोको निवसनं स्थानावसथवास्तु च. हित्वा Indeclinble past participle of a to abandon. The change :) हा to हि is due to Panini :-जहातेः क्वि. ज्योतिषः स्वरूपाणि ज्योतिर्मयानि. एनं अभिजग्मुः Came to him. अभिजग्मु : Perfect, Brd person plural of th with 19. Conjugiite :- MA जग्मतुः जग्मुः. जम्मिथ-जगन्थ जग्मथुः जग्म, जगाम-जगम जग्मिय म्मिम. उपशल्यनिविष्टेस्तैश्चतुर्दारमुखी बभौ । अयोध्या सृष्टलोकेव सद्यः पैतामही तनुः ।। ६० ।। 60. As they encannped in its outskirts, AO- Thya with the four gates as her four faces-lione like Bralıman's body having just created ihe world of beings. 60. The poet fancies Ayodhych !ith its four rates as Brahman's body with its four facts. चचा हाराण्येव मुखानि यस्याः सा चतुरमुखी The four gettes (in the four sides of the city correspond to the four tices of Brahman. 397 The outskirt of il villare lit city. Amara:--ग्रामान्त उपशल्यं स्यात. उपशल्य निवि ने: Thigh he Rsis encamping at the outskirts along with their pils in large numbers. सद्यः सुटलोका As )}} haring it then created the beings of the world. 1997 - पंतामही तनुः इव बभौ. If we conceive of created the ings coming out in streams from the four this of Brahman before they liad time to accommodate themelves in separate places, we have a parallel of the picture presented by the sages and their followers nassing near the gates of the city.

·112 RAGHUVANSA श्लाध्यस्त्यागोऽपि वैदेह्याः पत्युः प्राग्वंशवासिनः । अनन्यजानेः सैवासीद्यस्माज्जाया हिरण्मयी ॥ ६१ ॥ 61. Praiseworthy was even the abandonment of Vaideli inasmuch as slie alone in the form of i golden image played the wife to her lord as be put up at Pragvansa (the eastern hall on the sacri. ficial grounds), he not having taking any other wife. 61. वैदह्याः ल्यागोऽपिलाध्यः. This is the poet's commment. Why is Sita's abandonment treated as commendable? यस्मात् Because. प्राग्वंशः same as प्राचीनवंशः । A shed erected to the east of the principal sacrificial grounds to accommodate the sacrificer and his family during the Spare lours of the sacrifice. Tag agára तथाभूतम्य प्राग्वंशवासिनः, न विद्यते अन्या जाया यस्य सः अनन्यजानि:. जायः changes to giã at the end of a Bahuvrihi compound. Vide Pinini :-जायाया निङ्. तस्य अनन्यजानेः पत्युः To ho? husband who had no other wife. हिरण्यस्य विकारः हिरण्मयी सेव Her own self in the form of a golder: image जाया आसीत. It is to be noted that a sacri. ficer can engage in a Yäga only in conjunction with his wife. There are certain duties for the wife also in sacrifices. विधेरधिकसंभारस्ततः प्रववृते मखः । आसन्यत्र क्रियाविना राक्षसा एव रक्षिणः ।। ६२ ·FIFTEENTH CANTO 113 62. Thereafter ensued the sacrifice with an pluipment far in excess of the legal requirement, where the demons that used to impede sacrifices did themselves act as guards. 62. aa: Afterwards. विधे: Ablative. अधिक: संभार: सः सः अधिकसंभारः मखः A Yagn possessed of equip- Dents over and above the requirements of the Stitras. प्रववृते Perfect of वृत् with g to take place. 13: is qualified by an adjectival clause. PAT: गझसा एव The Räkşasas that used to impede the ri'ialistic performances themselves fro: 31177 Acted En guards. अथ प्राचेतसोपझं रामायणमितस्ततः । मैथिलेयौ कुशलवौ जगतुर्गुरुचोदितौ ।। ६३ ।। 63. Then Kusa and Lava, seris of Maitbili, in cted by their master, sang hither and thithethu 9.!'V of Rāna (Rāmāyara) founded by Välmiki. 63. अथ. मैथिल्या अपत्ये पुमांगो मैथिले यो कुशलवों Mait!!!' -ons-Kusin and Lava. Vide Pinini:--स्त्रीयोद i afzai gat Being prompted by their teacher miki. प्रचेतस means Varuna. प्रचेतसः अपन्यं पुमान पाचनमः imiki. Ct. प्रचतसोऽहं दशमः पुत्रो राघवनन्दन, Rimiya, Parakanda 96--19. उपजायते इति उपज्ञा A fresil dis- Anmara:- उपज्ञा ज्ञानमाद्यं स्यात. उपना is formed adding the suffix 343 to denote the F# or ohice. 8 ·114 RAGHUVANSA Panini:-आतश्रोपसर्ग. प्राचेतसस्य उपज्ञा प्राचेतसोपझं. उपज्ञा !! the end of a compound takes the neuter gender it the idea of a first knowledge is sought to be con. veyed. This is so whatever be the gender of the noun qualified. Vide Panini :-उपज्ञोपक्रम तदाद्याचिख्या. सायाम. Example:-पाणिन्युपशं ग्रन्थः, नन्दोपक्रम द्रोणः. The measure known as Drona was first founded by Nanda. अय्यते ज्ञायते अनेनेति अयनं A story. रामस्य अयनं रामायणं. When #s, ? or occurs in the previous member of a compound and 7 occurs in the latter member and the compound denotes a name, t changes to o, of course when there is no interception by letters other than that mentioned in अटकुप्वानुम्व्यवायेऽपि. The change tu ? does not take place if there is interception by ? : in ऋगयनम् . Vide Panini :-पूर्वपदा संज्ञायामगः. Example :- उत्तरायणं. इतस्ततः Here and there ; in several places a or near the sacrificial premises. 5917: Perfect, 3r person dual of गे to sing. जगौ जगतुः जगुः. वृत्तं रामस्य वाल्मीकेः कृतिस्तौ किंनरखनौ । किं तद्येन मनो हर्तुमलं स्यातां न शृण्वताम् ।। ६४॥ 64. The story was that of Rāma, the compos tion that of Vālmiki, and they were possessed of voice like that of Kinnaras. What was there which they could fail to captivate the hearts inearers? 64. रामस्य वृत्तं The topic is Ranma's story. वाल zja: The poem is one composed by Vālniiki. a Ki ·FIFTEENTH CANTO 115 and Lava. किंनरस्य स्वन इव स्वनः ययोस्ती किंनरस्वनी. Hence , नत् What is that ? येन By which. तो They, Kusu nd Lava. sogat ha: ai To draw the heart of hearers. ठं न स्यातां Could not be competent. Every attendant reumstance contributed to the heart's attraction. रूपे गीते च माधुर्यं तयोस्तज्ज्ञैर्निवेदितम् । ददर्श सानुजो रामः शुश्राव च कुतूहली ॥ ६५ ।। 65. Filled with curiosity, Rama along with his williger brothers beheld and heard respectively the ut l'm of their personality and the sweetness of eir music reported by the experts. 63. ते (रूपगीते) जानन्ताति तज्ज्ञाः तेः निवेदितं Informed knowing persons. तयोः प गीते च माधुर्य Their fasciiting personality and sweet musicObjects -pectively of the two predicates in the sentences न : मह वर्तत इति सानुजः रामः कुतूहली सन् ददर्श शुश्राव च. यथासंग्य to be applied. Rama beheld their irauty and rd their music. तद्गीतश्रवणैकाग्रा संसदश्रुमुखी बभौ । हिमनिष्यन्दिनी प्रातर्निर्वातेव वनस्थली ।। ६६ ।। 66. Absorbed in listening to their song, the mblage became possessed of faces filled with s like a forest-site free from breeze at morn filled | streams of dew.

·116 RAGHUVAMSA 66. तयोः गीतश्रवणे एकाग्रा Solely intent on hearin: their music. संसत् The assembly. अश्रूणि मुखे यस्याः मा अश्रुमुखी Possessed of faces flooded with tears. Shone. Like what? प्रातः हिमनिष्यन्दिनी. निर्गतः वातः यस्याः म निर्वाता वनस्थलीव. When there is no breeze the whol; atmosphere of the forest will be still. Likewise th: assembly stood motionless, absorbed in their music The tears of joy in the faces of the delighted specta tors are compared to the effusions of dew in ti morning on the plants, trees etc. in a forest-site. वयोवेषविसंवादि रामस्य च तयोस्तदा । जनता प्रेक्ष्य सादृश्यं नाक्षिकम्पं व्यतिष्ठत ।। ६७ ॥ 67. On seeing the likeness between them al Rama, which differed but in age and dress, people at that time remained with eyes motionles 67. जनानां समूहः जनता. Panini :-ग्रामबन्धुजनसहायेभ्यन्त वयोवेषाभ्यामेव विसंवादि Disagreeing (only in age and dre: agreeing in all other respects. तयोः रामस्य च सादृश्यं | likeness between Rāma on the one hand and ki and Lava on the other. तदा प्रेक्ष्य. Vide Ramayana : ऊचुः परम्परं चेदं सर्व एव समन्ततः । उभी रामस्य सदृशो बिम्बाद्विम वोत्थितो ॥ जटिलौ यदि न स्यातां न वल्कलधगे यदि । विशेषं नाधिगन गायता राघवस्य च ॥ Uttarakanda 94-12 & 13. न अक्षिकम्पः यस्मिन कर्मणि तत्तथा नाक्षिकम्प a Bahuvrihi compril used adverbially to sqfayz Iinperfect tense of PV ſa to remain. The Parasmaipada root wit takes A

·FIFTEENTH CANTO
117
,
itmanepada terminations when prefixed with सं, अव,
वि. Panini:-समवप्रविभ्यः स्थः. The whole assembly
:ood wonder-struck at their likeness to Rama.
or
उभयोन तथा लोकः प्रावीण्येन विसिध्मिये ।
नृपतेः प्रीतिदानेषु वीतस्पृहतया यथा ।। ६८ ॥
68. Not so much did the people wonder at the
noticiency of both as at their indifference to the
Sectionate gifts made by the king.
68. लोकः The people.
GH: Of the two boys.
माणस्य भावः प्रावीण्यं तेन प्रावीण्येन न विसिमियं Perfect of स्मि
-ith वि to wonder'. नृणां पत्युः = नृपतेः. प्रीत्या दानानि तपु
razrag In the king's gifts made out of pleasure.
ना स्पृहा ययोस्तों वीतस्पृहो तयोर्भावः वीतस्पृहता तया यथा विमिमिये As
ey wondered at their detachment. As to the gift
18,000 gold coins offered by the king and their
tusal, see Rimayana:--ततोऽपराहसमय राघवः ममभाषत ।
वा विंशतिसर्गास्तान्भ्रानरं भ्रातृवत्सलः ॥
अष्टादशसहस्राणि सुवर्णम्य
मनोः । प्रयच्छ शीघ्रं काकुत्स्थ यदन्यदभिकाशिनम् ॥ ददो शानं ग
कुरा बालयोवें पृथक्पृथक ॥ दायमानं सुवर्ण तु नागृहातां कुशालवा ।
तुश्च महात्मानौ किमनेनेति विस्मिती ।। वन्येन फलगलन निम्तो वनवामिनी ।
मन हिरण्येन किं करिप्यावहे वने ॥ तथा नयोः प्रत्रुवताः कुतूहलसमन्विताः ।
चैव गमश्च सर्व एव सुविस्मिताः ॥ Uttarak iindi 94-17 to 21.
गेये को नु विनेता वां कस्य चेयं कृतिः कवेः ।
इति राज्ञा स्वयं पृष्टो तौ वाल्मीकिमशंसताम् ।। ६९ ॥

·118 RAGHUVAMSA 69. 'Who is your teacher in singing and which poet's composition is this?' Asked thus by the king himself, they both mentioned Vālmīki. 69. That 7 ai qaar Who is your teacher in singing? ai Genitive dual of gra?. This is the reading adopted by Mallinātha which is free from all grammatical irregularities. Other commentator: have the reading ng tama faraidi ai and treat ai as a Indeclinable in the meaning of gai on the authority of प्रक्रिया प्रसाद. इयं च कस्य कवेः कृतिः And which poet'. composition is this? ja visi Fazi yet. Past passiks. participle of प्रच्छ . तो वाल्माकिं अशंसताम् They mentione ! Vālmīki (naturally as their teacher and the poet) igai Imperfect, 3rd person dual of 14 to tell. अथ सावरजो रामः प्राचेतसमुपेयिवान् । ऊरीकृत्यात्मनो देहं राज्यमस्मै न्यवेदयत् ॥ ७० ॥ 70. Then Rāma along with his younger brc. thers coming to Vālmīki (son of Pracetas), offered t. him his kingdom, reserving only his body for hin. self. 70. अथ सावरजः रामः प्राचेतसं उपेयिवान् Nominative singular of sifat Perfect participle of with 39 ti approach. आत्मन: देहं ऊरीकृत्य Reserving his body alone for himself. राज्यमस्मै न्यवेदयत् Rama offered his king. dom to the poet.

·FIFTEENTH CANTO 119 स तावाख्याय रामाय मैथिलेयौ तदात्मजौ । कविः कारुणिको ववे सीतायाः संपरिग्रहम् ।। ७१ ।। 71. After introducing them both to Ruma as liis sons born of Maithilī, the compassionate poet liesought the acceptince of Sitä. 71. करुणा प्रयोजनमस्त्यस्य कारुणिकः. The affix here is ठञ् according to Panini :--प्रयोजनम् . Amara :-- स्याद्दयान्टः कारुणिकः. स कविः That poet Valmiki. रामाय TO Rama. दो. मैथिल्या अपत्ये पुमांसों मैथिलेयो Born of Maithili. तस्य आत्मजों तदात्मजों As Rama's sons. 31172 Having evplained. सीतायाः संपरिग्रहं वव्र. तात शुद्धा समक्षं नः स्नुषा ते जातवेदासे । दौरात्म्याद्रक्षसस्तां तु नात्रत्याः श्रद्दधुः प्रजाः॥७२॥ 72. 'Sire, your daughter-in-law was adjudged pure in the fire in our very presence. But the people here did not believe in her owing to the viciousness of the demon. 72. This and the next verse represent the words of Rāma addressed to Vālmīki. aia O father. ते स्नुषा Your daughter-in-law; Sita. नः Genitive plural of अस्मद् . अक्षणोः समीपं समक्षं, an Avyayibhava aid down by Panini:-अव्ययीभावे शरत्प्रभृतिभ्यः. टच् is affixed to the compound under the Vartika-प्रतिपरस- उनुभ्योऽक्ष्णः. नः समक्षं Before our very eyes. जाते जात विद्यत ·120 RAGHUVANSA इति जातवेदाः. That which exists in every object ; the fire. जातवेदसि शुद्धा Was purified in the fire. Her purity has been tested in the fire-ordeal. So I have no suspicion. तु = किंतु But, रक्षसः दोरात्म्यात् Owing to the wickedness of the Rāksasa. दुरात्मनो भावः दौरात्म्यं. प्याज is affixed under Panini:-गुणवचनब्राह्मणादिभ्यः कर्मणि च. अत्र भवाः अत्रत्याः, Panini :-अव्ययात्यप्. प्रजाः तां न श्रद्दधुः. श्रत् An indeclinable meaning हृदये, generally used us a prefix to the root धा. श्रदन्तरोउपसर्गवद्वतिर्वक्तव्या. ताः स्वचारित्रमुद्दिश्य प्रत्याययतु मैथिली । ततः पुत्रवतीमेनां प्रतिपत्स्ये त्वदाज्ञया ॥ ७३ ॥ 73. Let Maithili convince them about her character, then I shall accept her with her sons in pursuance of your command.' 73. ता: Accusative plural, refer's t() प्रजाः. मैथिलस्या- पत्यं स्त्री मैथिली Sitai. खस्य चारित्रमुद्दिश्य Regarding her character. 721978 Let her convince, Imperative mood of the ausal of E with प्रति. ततः पुत्रवतीमेनां त्वदाजया प्रतिपत्स्ये 2nd Future, 1st person singular of पद् with प्रति to accept. इति प्रतिश्रुते राज्ञा जानकीमाश्रमान्मुनिः। शिष्यैरानाययामास स्वसिद्धिं नियमैरिव ॥ ७४ ॥ 74. When the king proinised thus, the sige caused Jānaki to be brought from the hermitage ·FIFTEENTH CANTO 121 by his pupils as his own perfection by means of austerities. 74. इति राज्ञा प्रतिश्रुते (सति) When the king promised thus. मुनिः आश्रमात् जानकी शिष्यः आनाययामास Perfect of she causal of a with 371. free: is used in the Instruimental since the Accusative is prohibited by sarina. The fetching of Jānakī by means of pupils is illus- Prated by an analogy. स्वसिद्धिं नियमैरिव. स्वसिद्धि refers too the fruit of his penance; realisation. Gauh means religious austerities. A man brings perfection to his soul by the observances of religious austerities. ziara, feininine, is the object of comparison for Siti, ind faqas for Sisyas. The simile itself suggests the urity of Sita. अन्येधुरथ काकुत्स्थः संनिपात्य पुरौकसः । कविमाढाययामास प्रस्तुतप्रतिपत्तये ॥ ७५ ।। 75. Then on the next day, the descendant of Kakutstha having assembled the citizens sent for the poet to carry through the task on hand. 75. 374 Then. 372f27a Ela 3714: On the next day. ककुत्स्थस्य गोत्रापत्यं पुमान् काकु स्थः Rima. पुरं आक: यपा तान् पुरौकसः Haring assembled the citizens. प्रस्तुतप्रतिपनय For the carrying out of the relevant task. आह्वाययामास Perfect of the causal ofuith आ.

·122 RAGHUVAMSA स्वरसंस्कारवत्यासौ पुत्राभ्यामथ सीतया । ऋचेवोदर्चिषं सूर्य रामं मुनिरुपस्थितः ॥ ७६ ॥ 76. Then the sage waited on the effulgent Rania with Sītā along with her two sons as on the rising Sun with the Vedic hymn possessed of phonetic and linguistic accuracy. 76. Et: The triple pitch in which a vowel is pronounced. Sa, 347777 and Era-The high, the low and the middle. #FFIT: Purity of expression. #57. is a Vedic hymn. उपस्थान with reference to the Sun refers to the greetings in prayer. Sitā is compared to the ऋक् , her two sons to वर and संस्कार, and Rāma to the rising Sun, and the approach to him to the greetings to the Sun. The author of 398719 is the same in both cases. Valmiki's waiting on Rāma is compared to his own greetings of the rising Sun उद्गतं आर्चि: यस्य तं उदर्चिषं असा मुनिः Valmiki. काषायपरिवीतेन स्वपदार्पितचक्षुषा । अन्वमीयत शुद्धति शान्तेन वपुषैव सा ।। ७७ ॥ 77. By her serene person itself clad in a red garment with eyes directed at her own feet it was interred that she was chaste. 77. कषायेण रक्तं काषायं = कषाय + अण् . Vide Panini:- तेन रक्तं रागात् . काषायेण. परिवीतं Past passive participle of

·FIFTEENTH CANTO
123
स्वस्य
व्ये with परि. तेन काषायपरिवीतेन Clad in red cloth.
पदे अर्पितं चक्षुः यस्मिंस्तेन स्वपदार्पितचक्षुषा Consistent with her
chastity, her eyes were directed downwards to avoid
the sight of other males. शान्तेन. These three are
adjectival to वपुषा. वपुषैव. सा शुद्धति अन्वमीयत Passive
Imperfect of मा with अनु to infer'. जने; understood.
जनास्तदालोकपथात्प्रतिसंहृतचक्षुषः ।
तस्थुस्तेऽवाङ्मुखाः सर्वे फलिता इव शालयः ।। ७८ ।।
78. The people withdrawing their eve from
the range of her sight, all stood will faces bent
downwards like paddy-stalks loaded with the crops.
78. तस्याः आलोकस्य पन्थाः तस्मात् तदालोकपथात् Irom the
track where she could be seell. प्रतिमहतचक्षुमः सर्वे जनाः
All the people withdrawing their eyes.
फलिताः शालय
इव Like paddy-crops bearing fruit. अवाङ्मुखाः With
faces downcast. afy: Perfect, 3rd person plural of
स्था to stand.
तां दृष्टिविषये भर्तुर्मुनिरास्थितविष्टरः।
कुरु निःसंशयं वत्से स्ववृत्ते लोकमित्यशात् ।। ७९ ॥
79. On being seated, the sage ordered lier.
- Dear girl, clear the people's doubts regarding yo!!!
character within the range of your lord's sight.
79. विष्टर A seat, derived from स्तृ with विं. The
change of 7 to a cerebral after ſa in fat: takes place

·124 RAGHUVANSA when the word thus formed denotes a tree or a seat. Vide Panini :.---वृक्षासनयोर्विष्टर:. आस्थितः विष्टर: येन सः आस्थित- विष्टरः Occupying a seat, ad.jectival to मुनिः. तां अशात् Ordered her. statia Imperfect, 3rd person singular of शास् to rule, 2nd conjugation. Conjugate:-अशात् अशिष्टां अशासुः, अशा:-अशात् अशिष्टं अशिष्ट, अशासं अशिष्व अशिष्म. What did he order? हे वत्से. भर्तुः दृष्टिविषये In the presence of your husband. स्ववृत्ते In the matter of your conduct. लोकं. निर्गतः संशयः यस्य तं नि:संशयं कुरु Make the people free from doubts. इति. कुरु Imperative, 2nd person singular of x in the Parasmaipada. अथ वाल्मीकिशिष्येण पुण्यमावर्जितं पयः। आचम्योदीरयामास सीता सत्यां सरस्वतीम् ।। ८० ।। 80. Then sipping the holy water brought by Vālmīki's disciple, Sità pronounced the solemn statement. 80. अथ वाल्मीकिशिष्यण. आवर्जितं Given. पुण्यं पयः Water. 3917527 The sipping of water with mantras is done as Ea preliminary in all religious rites. सीता सत्यां सरस्वती उदीरयामास Gave out her solemn statement. वाङ्मनःकर्मभिः पत्यौ व्यभिचारो यथा न मे । तथा विश्वंभरे देवि मामन्तर्धातुमर्हसि ॥ ८१ ॥ 81. If there has been no transgression on my art towards my lord by word, thought or deed, ·FIFTEENTH CANTO 12 . O Goddess Earth, you deserve to take me withir. yourself.' 81. This This verse represents represents the words pronounced by Sita on solemn affirmation. वाक् च मनश्च कम च वाङ्मनःकर्माणि तेः By word, thought or deed. पन्यां Locative singular of gia, Towards my husband. मे व्यभिचारः न यथा If there has been no swerving from fidelity. तथा Then. विश्वं विभीति विश्वंभरा, तत्र संबुद्धिः विश्वभरे देवि मां अन्तः धातुं अर्हसि You should take me into your bosonn. एवमुक्ते तया साध्व्या रन्ध्रात्सद्योभवाद्भुवः । शातहदमिव ज्योतिः प्रभामण्डलमुद्ययौ ॥ ८२ ॥ 82. As the chaste lady spoke thus, a ringa! lustre rose from a cavity of the Earth which suddenly appeared like the gleam of lighining. 82. एवं तया साध्या उक्ते सति When this was spoker by that chaste lady. सद्योभवात् भुवः रन्ध्रात् From a chash}} of the Earth that suddenly appeared. Tazza ?? शातहदं. शतदा means lightning. ज्योतिरिव Like the glor of lightning. प्रभामण्डलं A ring of lustre. उद्ययो Rosto up तत्र नागफणोत्क्षिप्तसिंहासननिषदुपी । समुद्ररशना साक्षात्प्रादुरासीद्वसुंधरा ।। ८३ ।। 83. There the Earth girdled by the Oceai. appeared in person sitting on a throne torne by the serpent's hoods.

·126 RAGHUVAMSA नाग- 83. तत्र In that ring of lustre. नागस्य फणाः The hoods of the serpent-Adisesa in the context. फणाभिः उत्क्षिप्तं यत् सिंहासनं तत्र निषेदुषी Sitting on a throne lifted by the serpent's expanded hoods. निषेदुषी feminine of निषेदिवस् Perfect participle of सद् with नि. समुद्रः रशना यस्याः सा समुद्ररशना Whose girdle is the Ocean, djectival to वसुन्धरा the Earth. वसूनि धारयतीति वसुन्धरा. साक्षात् पादुरासीत् Became manifest in person. In Ramayana the throne is described as lifted by a number of serpents with their hoods. If it is to be faithfully followed, aliai 4011: may be inserted in the place of नागस्य फणाः in the dissolution of the compound. Vide Rinmayana :-तथा शपन्त्यां वैदेह्यां प्रादुरासीनदद्भुतम् । भूतला- दुत्थितं दिव्यं सिंहासनमनुत्तमम् ॥ ध्रियमाणं शिरोभिस्तु नागैरमितविक्रमः दिव्यं दिव्येन वपुषा दिव्यरत्नविभूषितेः ॥ Uttarakanda 97-18&19. सा सीतामङ्कमारोप्य भईप्रणिहितेक्षणाम् । मा मेति व्याहरत्येव तस्मिन्पातालमभ्यगात् ॥ ८४ ॥ 84. 84. She took Sitä on her lap is her eyes were fixed on her lord and went to the Nether-world even as he was saying "No, don't.' मा The Earth. भर्तरि प्रणिहिते ईक्षणे यस्यास्तां भर्तृप्रणि- हितेक्षणां Sita whose eyes were fixed on her lord. अवं आरोग्य Taking her on her lap. तस्मि-1 मा मा इति व्याहरत्येव Locative absolute. When Rāma cried out, 'No, no. Don't take her away'; indifferent to his remon- -trances, The Locative Absolute denotes contempt.

·33965 FIFTEENTH CANTO 127 Vide Panini:--षठी चानादरे. So व्याहरत एव तस्य can also be used in the same sense. पातालम् अभ्यगात् She went away to the Nether-world. 37777TT Aorist off with अभि. -253 धरायां तस्य संरम्भं सीताप्रत्यर्पणैषिणः गुरुर्विधिबलापेक्षी शमयामास धन्विनः ।। ८५ ।। 85. Bralıman considering the might of fate calmed down his fury at the Earth as he, desirous of the restoration of Sita, took up his bow. 85. Rama is enraged at the Earth taking away Sita and threatens to blow up the Earth. But Brahmall who had come there to witness the ordea! pacifies him, and Rāma gets reconciled to his fate. साताप्रत्यर्पणं इच्छतीति तथाभूतस्य सीताप्रत्यर्पणेपिणः Secking a !'t-t(0- ration of Sita, adjectival to तस्य. धन्च means नुग. Amara :-धनुश्चापो धन्वशरासनकोदण्डकार्मुको. धन्व अस्यातानि धन्वी ory gian: Rāma took up the bow to enforce the restoration of Sita. Ott 1717 His rage towards the Earth. विधेः बलं अक्षत इति विधिबलापेक्षी गुमः शमयामास Braahmall who saw the might of Destiny wade him tromjuil. The word je: is interpreted as referring to Brah!!ill in the light of Rāmāyaṇa. Otherwise one Wiiuld take it to refer to either Vasiştha or Välmiki. The Wrath of Rāma at the Earth is thus set out in Ramayana :-वसुधे देवि भवति सीता निर्यात्वतां मम। दशथियामि वा रोपं यथा माभरगच्छसि ॥ न मे दारयसि चेसाता यथा महीनले । •.

·128
RAGHUVANSA
सपर्वतवनां कृत्स्नां विधमिष्यामि ते स्थितिम् ॥ Uttarakanda 98-6
9 & 10. The pacification of Rāma by Brahman is
set out there thus :-एवं ब्रुवाणे काकुत्स्थे क्रोधशोकसमन्विते
ब्रह्मा सुरगणैः सार्धमुवाच रघुनन्दनम् ॥ राम राम न संतापं कर्तुमर्हसि सुव्रत
Uttarakanda 98-11 & 12.
.
ऋषीन्विमृज्य यज्ञान्ते सुहृदश्च पुरस्कृतान् ।
रामः सीतागतं स्नेहं निदधे तदपत्ययोः ।। ८६ ॥
86. At the end of the sacrifice, after bidding
farewell to the sages and friends that had beer
honoured, Rāma placed the affection due to Sītā on
both her children.
86. रामः यज्ञान्ते पुरस्कृतान् ऋर्षान् refer's to Valmiki
and others. YEGY refers to Vibhīşana and others.
विसृज्य After bidding adien to all of them at the end
of the sacrifice. सीतागतं नेहं The love which he entel'-
tained for Sita. तस्याः अपत्ये तयोः तदपाययोः निदधे Placed
it on her two children, Kusa and Latit.
युधाजितश्च संदेशात्स देशं सिन्धुनामकम् ।
ददौ दत्तप्रभावाय भरताय भृतप्रजः ।। ८७ ।।
87. In accordance with the message of Yudha.
jit, he that supported his subjects settled the country
called Sindhu on Bharata to whom were also granted
financial and military resources.

·FIFTEENTH CANTO 128 .. 87. किं च. युधाजित् is the maternal uncle of Bharata, ruler of Kekayas. तम्य संदेशात् At his suggestion. भृताः प्रजाः येन सः भृतप्रज: Rama by whom his subjects were protected. Another reading is वृतप्रजः, सिन्धुनामकं देशं. Sindhu is a country round the Upper Indus, not the modern Sind. दत्तः प्रभावः यम्मै सः दत्त प्रभावः. प्रभाव means the treasury and army. Amara:- म प्रभावः प्रतापश्च यजः कोशदण्डजम् . It is called प्रभुशाक्त. Rimil granted it to Bharata, because a powerful army and s:und finances are necessary for the upkeep of a kingdom. The interpretation of दत्त as दत्तात्रेय and दत्तप्रभाव as one possessed of the prowess of Dattatres: is ingenious but not plausible. दत्तप्रभावाय भरताय दही, From the next verse it is obvious that Sindhudest Wis not within the suzerainty of Riina till then, but it was allotted to Bharata as a territory to be newly annexed after the defeat of the Gandharvas who held sway therein. भरतस्तत्र गन्धर्वान्युधि निर्जित्य केवलम् । आतोद्यं ग्राहयामास समत्याजयदायुधम् ।। ८८ ।। 88. After defeating the Gandharvas in battle there, Bharata forced them simply to take hole of their lute and lay aside their weapon, 88. तत्र In the Sindhudesa. भरतः गन्धर्वान बुधि नितिन After vanquishing the Gandharvas in battle. केवलं 9 ·130 RAGHUVANSA आतोयं ग्राहयामास Made them take their musical instruments. Gandharvas are a species of semi-divine beings proficient in music. गन्धर्वान् आयुधं समत्याजयन | Bharata made the Gandharvas lay down tliei weapons. He made them take to the singing iroul fession which was theirs by birth. आतोद्य is a combination of four kinds of instruments: (1)stringed, like the lute, (2) beaten, like the drum, (3) instrumenti abounding in holes like the flute, (4) solid metal instruments like the cymbals. Amara : ततं वीणा वाद्यमानद्धं मुरजादिकम् । वंशादिकं तु सुषिरं कांग्यं तालादिकं घन्म। चतुर्विधमिदं वाद्यं वादित्रातोद्यनामकम् ॥ The predicates ग्राहय मान and AFII being used in the causal form gore! two objects. स तक्षपुष्कलौ पुत्री राजधान्योस्तदाख्ययोः । अभिषिच्याभिषेकाहीँ रामान्तिकमगात्पुनः ।। ८९ ।। 89. After installing on the throne his son: Taksa and Puskala who deserved coronation in two presidency-towns named after them, he (nce again came back to Rāma. 89. सः Bharata. अभिषेकं अर्हत इति अभिषेकाौं A. Cu sative dual. तक्षश्च पुष्कलश्च तक्षपुष्कलो नाम पुत्रौ. The twi sons of Bharata were called तक्ष and पुष्कल, ययोस्तयोः तदाख्ययोः The two capitals in which the tv sons were installed were named after them. तक्ष an abbreviation of तक्षशिला, and पुष्कल an abbreviatio ·FIFTEENTH CANTO 131 bi पुष्करावती. and gees are treated as constituting the names of the cities according to the maxim :- नामकदेशग्रहणे नामाभिग्रहणम् . धीयते अस्यामिति धानी, राज्ञो धानी राजधानी i capital. राजधान्योः Locative dual. अभिषिच्य पुनः रामान्तिकं अगात्. तक्षशिला is the same as Taxila of the Greek Rriters which lay between the Indus and Hydaspos in the vicinity of Manikyala about Rawalpindi. It was in a flourishing condition under the Buddhas. Hathasaritsāgara in the 27th Taranga describes igat as situate on the bank of the Vitasti (Behut). Lkewise garaat is also mentioned by Greek writers Is Peukelaotis. Huyen Tsang gives its name as Peusekialofati. It is situate on the western bank of the Indus, somewhere near Attock. The famous trinese traveller Huyen Tsang visited the city in dov. 630 to which he came after crossing a great ver and travelling 100 li. to the nortli-east of Plushapulo (Peshawar). Puskara is referred to its le capital of Gāndhāra in Alexander's days. General inningham says that it must have stood at Hastid agara on the Suat river. The 37th Taranga of athäsaritsāgara describes the journey of a merhint of Ujjain to this town, who travels northard, who passes several rivers and forests and ter crossing the river Vitastā and then a hilly rest, arrives ultimately at Puskarāvati. अङ्गदं चन्द्रकेतुं च लक्ष्मणोऽप्यात्मसंभवौ । शासनाद्रघुनाथस्य चक्रे कारापथेश्वरौ ।। ९० ॥ THE KUPPUSWAMI SASTRA RESEARCH INSTITUTE MYLAPORE, CHENNAI-4 ·132 RAGHUVAMSA 90. And Laksmana too in accordance with ti bidding of the Lord of Raghus made his sons Angal and Candraketu, kings of Kārāpatha. 90. लक्ष्मणोऽपि रघुनाथस्य शासनात् अगदं चन्द्रकेतुं च आत्मसंभ कारापथेश्वरौ चक्रे. कारापथ mentioned as कारुपथ in Ramayan seems to liave been also a subject of further annex: tion. Vāyu Purāņa describes it as a country nea the Himalaya mountain. हिमवत्पर्वताभ्याशे स्फीतो जनप तयोः । अङ्गदस्याङ्गदीया तु देशे कारापथे पुरी. It is mentioned als as HEHÀ the land of mallas, perhaps because it wa famous for wrestlers. Angada seems to have beer: established in the west with Angadi as his capital and Candraketu in the north with Candrakāntā a his capital. अगदी Or अगदपुर is equated with the modern Shahabad in Oudh. चन्द्रकान्ता or चन्द्रवक्त्रा or चन्द्रपुर as it is called, is identified with the modern Chandpur east of Shaharanpur. इत्यारोपितपुत्रास्ते जननीनां जनेश्वराः। भर्तृलोकप्रपन्नानां निवापान्विदधुः क्रमात् ॥ ९१ ॥ 91. Those lords of men who had thus estab. lished their sons did in due course perform the olisequies of their mothers who reached the world their husband. 91. इति आरोपितपुत्राः ते जनेश्वरा: refers to Rama anti l.is brothers. भर्तृलोकप्रपन्नानां जननीनां To their mothers ·FIFTEENTH CANTO 133 who went to their husband's abode-the Heaven. FAIT para fazy: As and when the mothers passed away they offered warns to them. Paare Libations of water to the deceased ancestors. It also includes Srāddhas and other duties usually come to the deceased ancestors. Visva :-(Qara: faza105. Amara : दानं निवापः स्याच्छाई नकर्म शास्त्रतः. विदधुः Perfect, 3rd person plural of a with iâ to perform. उपत्य मुनिवेषोऽथ कालः प्रोवाच राघवम् । रहःसंवादिनौ पश्येदावां यस्तं त्यजेरिति ॥ ९२ ॥ 92. Afterwards Death in the garb of it jiermit 2pproached and told Rāghava, “Whoever sees is ils sve confer in private, him you shall quit.' 92. Here begins the episode of Küla's interview with Räilia. अथ काल: The Gol of Death. मुनिवेषः मन Taking the follia hermit. In Hirving itple proached. 7799 ore. What did he say? 7717anza ai 7: 9729 Whoever seeslls as we conter in privinte; whoever encroaches on the privacy of our talk, iga: You shall leave him; you shall put in and to him. . Kāla fixed this condition on bis interview. 9307 Potential, 3rd person singular. : Potential, 2nd person singular. A hermit sought the interview of Rāma, which Laksmana communicated to him. Rama gave orders to bring the hermit to him ind accordingly he was brought. Before the actual talk ·134 RAGHUVAMSA began he informed Rāma that the talk was to be absolutely private and got a promise from him that whoever intrudes on their interview should be abandoned by him. Accordingly Lakṣmaṇa was sent out to keep watch at the gate with instructions not to let in anybody. It is only after Lakşmana's exit that the hermit discloses that he is Kāla himself sent as a messenger by Brahman. तथेति प्रतिपन्नाय विवृतात्मा नृपाय सः । 3717EUTICTAETIFE TIPARTTÀIga: 1183 !! 93. To the king who acquiesced therein he disclosed his identity and stated, ' Ascend thou to Heaven according to the decree of Brahman.' 93. तथा इति प्रतिपन्नाय नृपाय To the king when he acquiesced in observing the condition insisted upon by the sage. विवतः आत्मा येन सः विवृतात्मा सन् He disclosed his identity. #: The sage who divulged himself as Kala sent as a Duta by Brahman. परमेष्टिन: शासनात् According to the decree of Brahman, FED 311FT Ascend to the heaven. 3787117 Imperative, 2nd person singular of आम् with अधि. A noun denoting a place takes the Accusative instead of the Locative, when governed by आस् with अभि. Pāņini:--301751ra- स्थामा कर्म. इति आचख्यौ Thus said he. आचख्यो Perfect, 3rd person singular of 74 with 311. Kāla communi cated the message of Brahman that Rāma who was ·FIFTEENTH CANTO 135 an incarnation of Vişnu had finished his duties on the Earth and that it was time for him to go back to his original abode Vaikuntha. विद्वानपि तयोःस्थः समयं लक्ष्मणोऽभिनत् । भीतो दुर्वाससः शापाद्रामसंदर्शनार्थिनः ॥ ९४ ॥ 94. Lakşmana who guarded the gate, althougl he knew their understanding, violated it, afraid that he was of the curse of Durvasas who wanted to see Rāma. 94. af facatia :9: Posted at the gate. "T: ſaavati Though he knew the understanding alout the privacy referred to in the previous verse. रामनंदर्शनार्थिनः दुर्वाससः शापात भातः सन् Airaid of the curse threatened by Sage Durvisül who insisted on ini iminediate interview of Rama. ht: 77 The agreement between Rāma and Kala. 31a Broke the condition agreed upon by intruding it their meeting. Durvāsas, in the event of not being let into the presence of Rūma ät once, threittened to pronounce a curse doing away with Rama and all his brothers and even the whole country. Lakşmana after weighing the pros and cons thought it better to carry out the wish of Durvāsas and end his life alone in preference to a wholesale destruction. Vide Ramayana :-अम्मिन्क्षण मां मौमित्र न निवेदयये यदि ॥ विषयं त्वां पुरं चैव शपिप्ये राघवं तथा । भग्तं चैव सौमित्र युष्माकं या च सन्ततिः ॥

·136
RAGHUVAMSA
।
न हिं शक्ष्याम्यहं भूयो मन्यु धारयितुं हृदि । तच्छ्रुत्वा घोरसङ्काशं वाक्यं तस्य
महात्मनः । चिन्तयामास मनसा तस्य वाक्यस्य निश्चयम् ॥ एकस्य मरणं मेऽस्तु
मा भूत्सर्वविनाशनम् । इति बुद्धया विनिश्चित्य राघवाय न्यवेदयत् ॥ Uttara
Kanda 105-6 to 9.
स गत्वा सरयूतीरं देहत्यागेन योगवित् ।
चकारावितथा भ्रातुः प्रतिज्ञा पूर्वजन्मनः ॥ ९५ ।।
95. Well-versed in Yoga, he went to the banks
of the Sarayū and by the abandonment of his body
?nade good his elder brother's vow.
95. योगवित् सः सरयूतीरं गत्वा देहत्यागेन पूर्वजन्मनः भ्रातुः प्रतिज्ञा
अवितयां चकार. Ramayana-स गत्वा सरयूतीरमुपस्पृश्य कृताइलि: ।
निगृह्य सर्वस्रोतांसि निःश्वासं न मुमोच ह ॥ Uttarakanda 106--15
तस्मिन्नात्मचतुर्भागे प्राइनाकमधितस्थुषि ।
राघवः शिथिलं तस्थौ भुवि धर्मविपादिव ॥ ९६ ।।
96. When that fourth part of his self had
already reached Heaven, Rāghava remained fickle
on Earth like Dharma resting on three legs.
96. चतुर्थों भागः चतुर्भागः A Cardinal numeral used
as a member of a compound has sometimes the
significance of an ordinal numeral. संख्याशब्दस्य वृत्तिविषये
पूरणार्थत्वं शतांशवत् . Example :-तपःषड्भागमक्षय्यं ददत्यारण्यका
आत्मनः चतुर्भागः Laksmana represents a fourth
part of Visnu's incarnation as Rama. आत्मचतुर्भागे तस्मिन्

·FIFTEENTH CANTO 137 प्राक् नाकं अवितस्थुषि When Laksmana went to leavtil in advance. राघवः Rama. भुवि. त्रयः पादाः यस्य सः त्रिपात् , पाद when preceded by a numeral or g in a Bahu vrilii compound drops its final 37. Vide Pānini :- 1981). धर्म शिथिलं तस्थी. धर्म is generally conceived of as a Cow standing on its four legs. With the lapse of one Juga it loses one foot. In krtilugil Dharmir stands on four legs, in Tretii on three, in Dräpara on two and in Kali on one leg. After the departure of Laksmana, Rāma stood like Dharma emaciated and standing on three legs. स निवेश्य कुशावत्यां रिपुनागाङ्कुशं कुशम् । शरावत्यां सतां सूक्तैर्जनिताश्रुलवं लवम् ।। ९७ ॥ उदक्प्रतस्थे स्थिरधीः सानुजोऽग्निपुरःसरः । अन्वितः पतिवात्सल्यागृहवर्जमयोध्यया ॥ ९८ ।। 97& 98. After establishing Kusa, the !' guad to the elephants in the follit of focs, int Busikrati and Lava who cal!sed drops of tears to the learned by his sweet :-peeches itt Sarivati, be with it steaily mind, accompanied by his young brothers and placing the fire in his frint, stilted nort! Wirri, followed by Ayodhyü out of love for her lord wiili the exception of house's. 97 & 98. These two Terse's m a युग्म. मिग 1: Truiertui: Possessed of a firm resolve. Vide Gita:

·138 RAGHUVAMSA 3197: WAS दुःखेष्वनुद्विग्नमनाः सुखेषु विगतस्पृहः। वीतरागभयक्रोधः स्थिरधीनिरुच्यते ॥ II---56. सः Rama. रिपव एव नागाः, तेषां 8. Kuśa is treated as a goad in controlling the elephants in the form of enemies, si stagi faa After establishing Kuša in Kusavati. Kušavati also called Kuśasthala was the capital of Southern Kosala in the defiles of the Vindhyas where Kuśa reigned at the time of Rāma's death. T: By sweet speeches. Aai. Jaar: 3926ai: 998. This shows that Lava was famous for his sweet speech causing tears of joy to the elite. लवं 3771921 . Saravati referred to as Śravasti in Rāmāyaṇa by which name it is popularly known was the capital of the northern Kosala country to the north of Ayodhyā, and in it Lava installed king. General Cunninghanidentifies Śrāvastſ with Sahet Mahet, north of Ayodhyā, as he found in it a colossal statue of Buddha with an irscription containing the name of Grāvasti itself. The Vişnu Purāna assigns its foundation to King Śrāvasti, one of the alleged aucestors of Rama. Nandargikar is inclined to identify it with Dharmapatu or Dharmapuri, a town of that name being still extant further north in the Nepal territory. In naar and at the lengthening of the vowel before the Taddhita suffix is due to Panini :-शरादीनां च. सानुजः Accon:- panied by his two surviving brothers—Bharata and Satrughna. BragT:AT: A. Vide Rāmāyaṇa :-31 व्रजत्वग्रे दीप्यमानं सह द्विजैः । वाजपेयातपत्रं च शोभमानं महापथ ॥

·FIFTEENTH CANTO 134 .. Uttarakāņda 109--2. Under अग्निहोत्रं Govindaraja comments :-सीतायाः पत्न्याः स्थितत्वात् अग्नेरपि स्थितिः. पतिवात्सत्यात Out of affection for her lord. गृहान् वर्जयित्वा गृहवर्ज With the exceptiou of houses or buildings. अयोध्यया आन्वितः Followed by Ayodhyä. The whole city with its inhabitants and even cattle followed Räna to Heaven. 377 at Started towards the north, because Svarga is situate in the norrlı. जगृहुस्तस्य चित्तज्ञाः पदवीं हरिराक्षसाः । कदम्बमुकुलस्थूलैरभिवृष्टां प्रजाश्रुभिः ।। ९९ ।। 99. The monkeys and demons who knew this mind followed his track which was drenched in the tears of his subjects as big as Kadainba buds. 99. चिनं जानन्ताति चित्तज्ञाः. हरयश्च क्षमाश हरिराक्षमाः Monkeys and deinons, नस्य पदवीं जगहुः. From the Rāmāyana it is clear that Viblisanil and Huvrüman were directed by Rama to continue in this world. How was agar the track followed by the molla keys and demons : कदम्बमुकुलवत स्थलः प्रजानां अश्रुभिः अभिवृष्ट The path was drenched by the drops of tears of the people as big as Kadamla buds. उपस्थितविमानेन तेन भक्तानुकम्पिना । चक्रे त्रिदिवनिश्रेणिः सरयूरनुयायिनाम् ॥ १०० ॥ 100. As the aerial car waited on bim, the Sarayū was converted by liim who was gracious to ·140 RAGHUVAMSA his devotees into a flight of steps leading to Heaven for all his followers, 100. उपस्थितं विमानं यस्य तेन उपस्थितविमानेन An aerial car came up to take Rāma to Heaven. भक्तान् अनुकम्पत इति तेन भक्तानुकम्पिना Compassionate towards his devotees. Both these are adjectival 10 तेन which refers to Rama. सरयूः, अनुयायिनां त्रिदिवनिश्रेणि: चक्रे Passive. त्रिदिवः Heaven. Fagfor: A ladder. Amara : -निश्रेणिस्वधिरोहणी. Whoever bathed in the Sarayū was taken in the aerial car and transported to Heaven. यद्गोप्रतरकल्पोऽभूत्संमर्दस्तत्र मजताम् । अतस्तदाख्यया तीर्थ पावनं भुवि पप्रथे ॥ १०१ ॥ 101. Since the rush of those that immersed therein approximated to the swimming of cows (virzat), it became celebrated in the world as a holy place of pilgrimage by that name. 101. 42 meaning since. तत्र In the Saray. नजनां संमर्दः The concourse of the people that plunged therein. गवां प्रतरः गोप्रतरः, ईषदूनः सः गोप्रतरकल्प: अभूत् Came to be on a par with the swimming of cows. Since there was a very heavy pressure of the people that crowded to plunge into the river. 377: Therefore. तस्य आख्यया तदाख्यया By the name of गाप्रतर-The cowswim. पावनं तीर्थ A holy place of pilgrimage. भुवि पप्रथे Became renowned in the world, प्रतर = प्र-तृ + अ(अप् ). Roots ending in long ऋ, उ or ऊ take the suffix अ (अप्) ..

·FIFTEENTH CANTO to denote an Abstract noun. Panini:-ऋदोरप . तीर्थ lit., a flight of steps, but generally used to denote ally place of pilgrimage, more often a bathing resort स विभुर्विबुधांशेषु प्रतिपन्नात्ममूर्तिषु । त्रिदशीभूतपौगणां स्वर्गान्तरमकल्पयत् ।। १०२ ।। 102. When the extended p?ubodiments of goods (Sigrivir and others) returned to their origina! bodies, He, the Lord, provided it separate Heave! for the citizens who becalle yiels afreshi. .. अन्यः स्वर्गः 102. य विभु: Rina. विवुधाना अंशा: Sugrivia and other's who were begotten by the gods in the species of monkeys and bears so that they might issist Visnu in his incarnation as Rillllil विधांशप. पतिपन्ना आत्मनो मूर्तिः यस्तेषु प्रतिपन्नात्ममूनिषु (गया) Lostin ( absolute'. When the incarnations of the gods returned to their origina' borlies. त्रिदशा: पद्यमाना भुग. त्रिदाना नपा पागणां For the citizens who newly becamie gods. स्वर्गान्तरं तत् अकल्पयन . At the suggestion of Rima, Brahman created the heavenly regious known as Santanaka for accommodating the citizens of Ayodhyā who newly became rods. Vid. Rimayana:- अथ विणुमहातेजाः पितामहमुवा- ह । एषा लोक जना घानां दातमम सुव्रत इमे हि सर्वे नेहान्मामनुयाना मनस्विनः । भत्ता हि भनिनव्याच त्यक्तात्मानश्च मन्कने ॥ तच्छ्रुत्वा विणुवचनं ब्रह्मा लोकगुमः भुः । लोकानगान्तानिकानाम | याम्यन्तीमे समागताः ॥ Uttarakanda 110-16, 17 & 18. - ·142 RAGHUVAMSA निर्वत्यैवं दशमुखशिरच्छेदकार्य सुराणां विष्वक्सेनः स्वतनुमविशत्सर्वलोकप्रतिष्ठाम् । लङ्कानाथं पवनतनयं चोभयं स्थापयित्वा कीर्तिस्तम्भद्वयमिव गिरौ दक्षिणे चोत्तरे च ॥१०३॥ इति महाकविश्रीकालिदासकृतौ रघुवंशे महाकाव्ये श्रीरामस्वर्गारोहणो नाम पञ्चदशः सर्गः ॥ 103. Having thus finished the task of the gods hy cutting off the heads of Ravana (the ten-faced one) and having established both the lord of Lankā and the son of Vāyu (Vibhīşaņa and Hanūnān) as two monumental pillars of his fame in the southern and northern mountains, Lord Vişnu entered his own body which is the refuge of the entire world. 103. विष्वक (सर्वव्यापिनी) मेना अस्येति विष्वक्सनः An epithet of Visņu, gå In the manner described in the foregoing (antos 11 to 15. दशमुखस्य शिरसां छेद एव कार्य राणां निवर्त्य Having thus carried out the purpose of the gods viz., the cutting of the heads of Ravana. गर्वलोकप्रनिष्ठां वतन अविशत् He entered his own form which serves as the refuge of all the worlds. After doing what? लानार्थ= विभीषणं. पवनतनयं Vayu's son, Hanuman. उभयं स्थापयित्वा Having established them both. Where and how: कीर्तः स्तम्भो तयोः द्वयमिव Like two pillars con]- memorating his glory. दक्षिणे गिरौ In the Suvela or ·FIFTEENTH CANTO 143 Trikūta Parvata on which Lankā is situated. उत्तो fait a In the Himälaya mountain according to Mallinātha, or the mountain Gandhamädana according to Hemādri, Jetres: All the verses of this Canto except the last one are couched in the Austubh metre, also called the sloki metre. In the Anustubh metre which consists of eight-yllables in each quarter, the 5th and 6th syllables of all the tour feet are short and long respectively, and the 7th syllables in the 2nd and 4th feet are short. Vide definition : -28 लघु सर्वत्र सप्तमं द्विचतुर्थयाः । पर्ष गुरु विजानीयादेत लोकम्य लक्षणम् ।। तागुम चन्. The metre of the last verso of this canto is Folha1. Definition :- #771.771 Farazioni agir #7777771 is a metre with 17 syllables in cach later consisting of 47, 78701, 70707, 3779 iilid 2F.S. 1 The End of the Fifteenth Cante.

·144
RAGHUVAMSA
Metres in Canto XIV.
The principal metre in the 14th canto is 3771ā...
3751 is a metre with 11 syllables in each quarter,
in which the characteristics of इन्द्रवज्रा and उपेन्द्रवज्रा
combine इन्द्रवज्रा has been defined thus:-स्यादिन्द्रवज्रा
ततजास्त तो गौ, and उपेन्द्रवज्रा thus :-उपेन्द्रवज्रा जतजास्ततो गो.
52951 contains in every foot the 3 ganas--a, &
and 2 yes.
Ganas are tri-syllabic combinations.
170 consists of 2 gurus and 1 laghu in order, or is
a tri-syllabic combination consisting of 1 laghu,
1 guru and 1 laghu. 39=2771 contains in order the 3
ganas-37, & 1 and 2 JES. Practically speaking,
771 resembles the $5751 in all respects except
that the first syllable is short instead of long.
Definition :-अनन्तरादारितलक्ष्मभाजो पादौ यदीयावुपजातयस्ताः.
The following verses of the 14th canto are
instances of:
इन्द्रवज्रा Verses
Verses 6, 13, 15, 23, 50, 56, 58, 69, 72,
73 & 86.
उपेन्द्रवज्रा
75.
उपजाति
1 to 85 other than those specified
above.
The last verse (87) of the 14th canto is couched
in the 7Ffilar metre already defined.

·INDEX OF VERSES, P Page 15 101) 84 24 अग्रजेन अङ्गदं चन्द्रकेतुं अथ जानपदो अथ धूमाभि अथ नाचतसो अथ वाल्मीकि अथ व्यवस्थापित अथ सावरजो अथाधिकस्निग्ध अथानुकुलश्रवण अथाभिषेक रघु अनुग्रहप्रत्यभि अन्येधुरथ अपशुलं अपि प्रभुः मानु अवश्य राम अवमि चनामन अशून्यतीरां आत्तशस्त्रम्तद आदिदेशाथ आदिष्टवर्मा आनन्दजः शोकज आवास्य रामावर इश्वाकुवर 131 इतरेऽपर 9) इति प्रतिश्रने 102 इति संजय 113 इत्यामवचन 124 ल्याप- 44 इत्युक्त वन 118 उत्खानलोकत्रय प्रति वर्गः ननु 339 उदयन 8 उपकलंग 68 पशाच 1:21 उपजिविमा 83 उपस्थितां व 67 उप-न मुनिवर्ष उभयान न उभानुभान्य 61 ऋद्धापणं गाना 101 ऋपान्वमा 75 एवमुन न्य 78 ऐन्द्रमन्त्र 4 कलानन्दः 47 कल्याणबुद्ध 13: 35 50 7 137 8.9 111 1:39 13: 117 128 125 86 20 ·146 RAGHUVAMSA Page 10 61 109 98 58 86 तमश्रु नेत्रा तमृषिः पूजया .. काषायपरि काणेन पत्रिणा किमात्मनिर्वाद किंवा तवात्यन्त कुम्भयोनिरलं कृतदण्डः स्वयं कृतसीतापरि कृताञ्जलिम्तत्र केशावहा भतु गुरोनियोगा गेये को नु विनेता जगहुस्तस्य जनास्तदालोक जाने विमृष्टां जुगृह तस्याः पथि तचात्मचिन्तासुलभं ततोऽभिषङ्गानिल तत्र नागफणो तत्र योधगतः तत्राभिषेकप्रयता तथेति तस्याः तथेति प्रति तथैव सुग्रीव तं दधन्मथिली तदेष सर्गः तद्गीतश्रवणे तपस्यनधि Page 122 तपस्विवेषनिय 87 तपस्विसंसर्ग 30 तमध्वराय 53 तमभ्यनन्दत् 106 105 तमुपादब 71 16 तयोर्यथाप्रार्थित 6 तवोरुकीर्तिः 42 तस्मिन्नात्म 117 तस्य पूर्वोदितां 139 तस्य मार्ग 123 तस्य संस्तूय 58 तस्यापनोदाय 41 तस्यामेवास्य 19 14 ता इङ्गुदीस्नेह 125 तात शुद्धा 91 तां दृष्टिविषये 66 तामङ्कमारोग्य 55 तामभ्यगच्छ 134 तामर्पयामास 17 तामेकभार्थी 108 ताः म्वचारित्र 35 तेनार्थवाँलोभ 115 ते पुत्रयो त 104 ते रामाय तस्य प्रतिश्रुत्य 80 23 60 136 109 79 89 33 80 26 65 119 123 25 56 64 69 120 21 5 74 ·INDEX OF VERSES 141 Page Page 90 दिग्भ्यो निमन्त्रि घरायां तस्य धूमधूम्रो न चावदद्धतु नातिपर्याप्त निगृह्य शोकं निर्बन्धपृष्टः स 1:28 35 106 13 101 ने निर्वलवं दशमुख निशाचरोप निचित्य चानन्य 32 9.1 78 115 72 88 116 97 नृत्यं मयूराः 110 या मांगज्य 127 युधाजितश्व 8रक्षावधान्तो 47 रघुनाथोऽय 8.) स्थाःगयन्त्रा 68 राजन्य जासु 29 राजर्पिवंशम्य 14) गमम्य मधुरं 5) गमादशा 30 संग गानेच 56 लवणेन विरज्या वयमा पटतयः 63 वयापविम 20 वशी विवेश 62 वामान:कमभिः 103 वान्यस्त्वया 32 विद्वानपि तयो 37 विधधक 18 विनाशानस्य 13 वन गमस्य 1:2 बदमानि गमः पार 68 शबघानिनि 1:29 शोचनीयामि श्रुत्वा नस्य शुचा 96 लायस्त्यागोऽपि 75 वजनं सर्व 140 श्वश्रृजनानुष्ठित नृपस्य वर्णाश्रम पयोघटेराश्रम पितुर्नियोगाद्वन पुष्पं फलं चार्तव पृष्टनामान्वयो पोरेषु सोऽहं प्रजावती दोहद प्रति प्रयातेषु प्रतिशुश्राव प्रासादकालागुरु बभूव रामः भरतस्तत्र भर्तुः प्रणाशादथ भूयस्तपोव्ययो यः कश्चन यद्गोप्रतरकल्पो 124 50 135 112 85 111 15 95 99 100 1 112 49 13 ·148 RAGHUVAMSA Page Pas 33 141 3. 31 88 93 25 41 स किंवदन्ती सखा दशरथ स गत्वा सरयू स च प्राप मधूपन्न स तक्षपुष्कलो स तद्वक्त्रं सतावाख्याय स तो कुशलवा स ददर्श सभा स निवेश्य कुशा संतानश्रवणाद स पृष्टः सर्वतो स पोरकार्याणि सभाजनायोप स मुहूर्त स मोलरक्षोहरिभिः सरित्समुद्रान सर्वासु मातृष्वपि स लक्ष्मण लक्ष्मण 91 स विभुर्विवु 136 स शुश्रुवान्मातरि 81 स संनिपात्यावर 130 स हत्वा लवणं 104 साङ्गं च वेद 119 सा दष्टनीवार 92 सा दुनिमित्ताप 97 सा नीयमानः 137 सा लुप्तसंज्ञा 81 सा सीतामङ्क 98 साहं तपः सूर्य 22 सीता तमुत्थाप्य सीतां हित्वा 100 सौमित्रिणा सावर 10 सौमित्रेनिशित 9 स्फुरत्प्रभामण्डल 20 म्वरमंस्कार 46 125 5. 41 61 1 81 14 12

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