·TO
1. R. NI. T. RĀMABILADRA NAIDU GĀRU,
ZAMINDAR OF VADAQARAI,
Periyakulan Talu, Madura District,
THIS VOLUME
IS RESPECTFULLY
*DEDICATED
BY THE EDITOR

·TIDYA RATIVA BHAR is. We the.... PREFATORY NOT LIBRARY 1 noon- Iu the following, I have attempted to place wit reach of modern students of Sauskřit litemture, that element ary and classic, but nevertheless difficult treatise on Alankaras, the Kuvalayananda harikas of Appaya Dilshita, with an Euglish trauslation, Tiha commentary, and explanatory notes, 80 as to enable them to sufficiently understand and digest the subject even in the absence of better teachers Among the numerous treatises on the Science of poetry, the LAVYAPRAKASA --the Illustration of Poctry,'—tho SĀHITYA DARPANA--the "Alirror of Composition, and the KUVALAYANANDA-the "Delight of the lotus,' arc considered the best of these, the first-named 19 by far the most difficult and erudite sorh, notwithstanding innumerable commcutaries thereon by able hands Thc second is long difficult, and it is a complete treatisone plus ultra-on the whole subject of Sanskrit composition, includ ang Dramaturgy The last named treatise, which 19 the most elementary as well as the most elegant of all, confines itself only to Alankáray or ornaments' of the language the portion that form, the subject matter of the tenth chapter of the first two treatises There already exist excellent Faglish translations of the Kavyaprakasa and the Sahitya Darpane, yet, thus, being higher trentises, are intelligible only to advanced students under the guidance of able teachers And the huvalayananda, with its elementary definitions of the procipal Alanh Iras and its apt examples is the work that clery student of this brine of Sanskſit Literature osually com. .Inanna 1: Thr Balaransls 4 st af sama.Tay: in the form of note and an esp394107 of the fifth chaptır of An anrit nt work on the Setcare of poetry, hoown as the CHIASIRALOKA by Jajadess Kası, who 19 reputed to hare ·( 1 ) Tourishet' about the 19th century of the Christinn er and the 14 tuore generally hnost to the public in condection with bis charming lyric the Gita Gorinda The author of the Kuva 19 Joauta is Appaja Dihshita, as rppears from the penultimate verse of the work श्रम कुवलयानन्दमकगेदप्पदीचित । ! नियोगाद वेवटपतेर्निरुपाधिकपानिधे ॥ n Appn Dikshita wrote this huvalayınında under tho orders of This (Royal Patron) lenhataputi a store house of guleless mercs From «hich it would also appear that he Hourished at the court of the hing Veuhatapati and that it was at hits suggestion that the treatise 29 written This Appayn Diksluta 19 admitted on ell hands to hare been a native of Adaz appa Agrahara, near Kanchipura (the modern Canjeeverom), and to have lived in the 16th century of the Christian ere, He not only took the 5th chapter of the Chandraloha for his busis, ont hits mostly re-written inany of the definitions and examples of bat trentre as he himself says at the very outset येपा चन्द्रालोके दृश्यन्ते लक्ष्यलनपने का । प्रायस्त एव संपामितरपामभिनवा विरचन्ते। Such tech ns Are found in the Chandraloko defining and cxcmptifying the Alankaras are fur the most part adoptel hem also (with sliglt nalifications) but, for some others, orw verses have Ewen composed 1o these series so modified or newly composed, ofr author has als addle short elucidatory notes in prooe, and to these toten he gaie the narrc of Kuralnyünanda, probably an acknow. Iedgment of hi9 origioal ba914 the Chiodraloks. Thus, he couciudes 1114 work with the following very exprersite verso – Called aluguran rayon tv and for i ·( m ) चन्द्रालोको विजयता शरदागमसम्भव । हृद्य कुवलयानन्दो याप्रमादादभूदयम् । * May this Chandraloka, the cause of its commentary entitled Saadagama, froin the contact of both of which this charming Kuva lajanduda onginated, be supreme (in this world)' The other meaning of tho verse 18 • May the sight of the autumnal moon from the contact of which the delight of the moon lotus spring be supreme' The verses, alone as modified and finally adopted by Appaya Dikshita in his treatise, often go by the name of Kuvalaya onuda Karikas or the 'memorial verses of Kuvalayåpanda,' and these have been separately compiled and edited under the title of KUVALAYANANDA KĀRIKĀH by the poet Asadhara, with a lucd commentary of his own The verses themselves are as already mentioned, simple and in elegant style in the Anushtubh metre, the first half of each verse defining the Alankara and the second half csemplifying the same Before proceeding to explain the arrangement that I have followed in this work, it may not be out of place to say a word or two as to be becessity of this production and as to the aim and object which I have had 10 placing the same before the public For the acquisition of a sound knowledge of aby language, a knowledge of the rules of ita Grammar, including Rhetonic and Coinposition, will be aduitted to be essential This is especially the case when the laoguage in question happeos to be not a spoken verwacular, but an unspoken claseical language like the Sanskrit All the works in the Sauskrit Literature are found to have been coin .posed upon fired principles of Grammar and Rhetoric, and furincrly, at any rate, Do work that has not in complete accoud ance with the immutable rules of Sahitya was ever allowed tbc published And in those days, the authors also, whatryor their cocial"position or poctical time may be, never ventured out ·() with any composition that did not gain the approral of the learned One remarkable instance of this which occurred in connection with the publication of the Champů Ramayana by hing Bhoja might here be given in illustration of the abore Bhoja Vikramaditya wrote his Champu –a poem composed m prose and verse-during the absence of lus favounte poet Kalidasa whom the king in one of his angry moods had banished from his conart That great learned king did not dare to publish his poem without first obtaining the approval of the greatest poct of India! Then the whereabouts of Kalıdag was not known He therefore proposed to the public the following Samasya-a part of the stanza or an incomplete stand--to be completed कुसुम कुसुमोत्पत्ति यूयते न च दृश्यते । The production of another flower upon a lower has been heard but not actually seen (anywhere) The hing expected the appropriate fulfillment of this most difficult Samanya from Kalidasa alone. He declared publicly that he would bestow upon whoever completed the Samasya hall of his kiagdom Kalidasa's lady wrote this Samasya upon one of the walls of her bed chamber There Kalidasa was liviog secretly When he sat the stanza on the wall he wrote under at addressing the lady whom he thought to be the writer of the same, thus C बाले तव मुखाम्भोजे नयनेन्दीवरद्वयम्। 1 Young dame! There is a couple of cse lotuses in thy face lutus The lady then threw Kálıdaca into a pak specully prepared and lct fall a big stone upon him, but she, in her hurry to go to tacking to get hall of his kingdom, did not stop there to see whether Kald182 fras completely hilled or not The lady went to the king, and the ready waited king sceng the ·ſulfilment of the stanza addressed to a female and not to a malo as at ought to be, if filled up by her, and, thinking that Kalidasa was living in her house, asked her whether she had spared the life of Kalıdāsa. She replied that she had thrown him into a pit and did not know if he had completely expired The hing hurned to the scene of action with his poem in hand Kalidasa only half dead then, said to bus vecpiog king that the human life is unstable, that to learned people this world is nothing but its proper nothingness, and that he should therefore be allowed to pass the remaining few minutes of his life to meditate upon the Supreme Spirit The king wanted his poem on divine Rama to be read over to hum so that he may correct all the blemishes contained in it. The hing read his poem and a running criticism was made by the Greatest Poct of India, and when the last stanza of the Sundarnhanda was read, halıda sa expired The king offered to the public his Champu one of the best poems of the language, up to Sundarakānda only the remaining two kändus, Yuddha handa and Ultara kanda having been torn away by the king on the spot as they were not peruscd by Kalidasa Such was the criticism going on in India before the public. ation of any work It was the look out of every critic to see whetlier the particular work has been composed in strict accord ance with the fixed rules of Grammar, Rhetoric etc Hence it 19 yecesarry that a student should know something of the Grammar, Figures of Speech of the language etc, to enable him to understand a poem In other words & student can rory ezgily master a poem if he has known something of the Grain mar and Alanháras For the acquirement of the clemeots of the Sanskpit Grammar in its connection with the Language the first and Second Books of Sanshmit were placed before the public over 35 years ago by that great oplcntat echolar, Vr Timakrishna Gopils Bhandaral ars, and they still remain 24 model Text l'ooks of the kind! Let me quote here his on Fords from the prefacce to his Sccond Book - ·My object has been to render thus as much Sanskrit Reading Book as a book on Sanskrit Grammar, in otlaer words, not only to teach Gmmmatical forms to the student, but to enable him to construe Sanaknt' No porin I was not so sanguinc about the success of thus book as of the first Bat I am very happy to perceive that this also his met with favour, and that along witlr the first it has become the means, hou soever humble, of facilitating and promoting the study of the language of the ancient Rishis among their modern descendants' As for the acquirement of the knowledge of the Alanhuras, almost in every rostitution, the Kuvalayananda appears to have been recommended as a text book for the B A degree students But in the majority, the students erther do not read the book or they do not care to grasp and digest what their Professors might teach them about these Alankaras. The study of Alankūras 19 as essential as that of Grammar contains & verso that is not embellished by one Alanlara OF another For, Alankaras by adding to the beauty of word and sense, serve to heighten the flavour (RAS 4) etc, just as ornamcats adorn and beautify the human form That great learned Dr R G Bhandarahara in the preface to thic first edition of his First Book of Sanskrit says truly enough I have hearil students complain that they find Sanskrit more diff cult than latın I do not know if this com plaint has foundation in tho structure of the two languages, Cbut this, at least, I am suro of, that Sanskrit would be considerably more casse than it if there were men eduented in our Englet Colleges to tench it, and if books specially adapted for Beginners the arailable That the above remarks of the great Bembay Educator nist wcra true, has been amply proved by the very prominent pour tion which has First and Second Bonks of Sanshat have been goen 20 tho Indian Elucational curriculam So far ne I am + The ital AFC OLIS ·(vi) wire no such bool has till now been placed within the Terch of the Sapskrit students on the subject of Alanharas And I have therefore rentirred to offer this to the public in the inccre hope that it may supply to some extent the long felt wint of the students of this branch of Sanskrit, Literature The Alankárag in Sinshrit are generally classed under three heads viz. - 1 II 211 TTCTT- Ornament of word, neimat-Ornament of sense, and TUTOrnament of both word and sense. Of these, the 2nd class, viz, Ornaments of Sense alone are now treated in the present work The other two not being of 80 much importance, except to very advanced scholars, are not dwelt upon here In the present yolame, each and every word in the verse contuning the definition and the example 19 given in its prose order (anvaya) in an intelligible way with its English equi-* valent and a hateral English translation of the verse has been given under the same together with all the necessary expla dations that are sufficient to help the student in understanding the Figare and its example himself without the assistance of a teacher In the Appendix, almost all the conventions of poets are given , UPAMĀ 10 its 32 varieties and the APRAS- TUTAPRASANSA in its 5 varieties are treated with their appropriate examples taken from the standard works Addi tional examples of certain Figures that require such are also giveu The three Figures--ANUMĀVA - Inference," SAMS RISHTI-'Conjunction, and SANKARA-'Commixture, .which are not found in the body of the book are also defined aud exemplified To it are also appended a more or less scientiñc classification of the Alankaras treated in the book, and an explanatory pote, showing the mutual distinguishing peculiarities of many of the Alaukaras.

·( 1 ) Now I must mention here the works I have consulted ja the course of the publication of the present solume The first and foremost of these 19 the Sahitya Darprua of Vishvanalla Kaviraja with its English translation by that distinguished scholar, Rul Bahadur Pramads Dası Mitra of Beoarcs Dany of the English renderings of the ligures of Speech nre adopted from the work of thnt able orientalist who borrowed the same from Bir R T EL Grifhth's paper on Judian Figures of Speech appended to his Specimens of Old Indian Poetry. The Chandnl .nnd the Rasıkaravjias, the two famous commentaries on Kuvalayananda, were also my chief guides. The Kavga prahasa and its English translation the Pratapa Rudrıya of Vidyavatha Bhatta and the Sahitya Ratnakara of Sri Dharma Sur were also consulted My heart felt thanks are also due to Nessr. J N Banerjee and Sou of Calcutta for their seat exe cutiou of the work and for their extreme kindness shown to me in the course of its publication In conclusion, I only hope that the work now offered to the public may serve the purpose for which it is intended-oanely, to enable the student to thoroughly understand this difficult branch of Sanskrit Literature without much difficulty and with very little of ertrageous help I am fully an are that, 10 a work of thrs hind, there must be several defects and errors and I most humbly crave the favour of the public, who will have occasion to do me the honour of perusing this little book, to be 50 g rod as to point out to me the portions which require amendmeats or corrections, and I shall be only very willing givo my best consideration to those suggestions in any future edition of the work नत्वा कृष्णाभिध ब्रह्म धाग्लभाषानुवादिनीम् । कुर्वे कुवलयानन्दकारिकाविहति मुदा ।। ATADURA, 2181 FeUruary 1903 P R SUBRAHMANYA SARJA ·LIST OF CONTENTS PAGE उपमा-Simile 1 do. at -Sirailes Elliptical 3 to 13 2 4729 -Comparison Absolute 13 3 eqnataat-Reciprocal Comparisont 14 # watak-Converse do 2nd lind 16 do 3rd and 4th kinds 17 do 5th kind 18 5 4-Ietaphor 18 G --Commutation 22 7 - Representation 8 warrie --Reminiscence 95 9 -- staker 25 and 26 10 PRE--Doubt 20 and 26 -11 9* Concealment 27 (1) do 31 do Pure 27 (*} do do with a Rcason 28 (3) do ar do transferred 28 (4) do 10 do under mistake 29 (5) do do of the skilful 30 (6) do do of the deceitful 30 -12 E-Poetical fancy 31 43 formats-Hyperbole 38 (1) ^ #fagutu --Hyperbole Metaphorical 35 do 879371-Hyperbole founded upon Concealment 37 (2) Harfagfa - Hyperbole asserting a d fferenco 38 (3 सबम्या. do do a connection 38 (4) 184414 do do & disconnection 39 15) 99981 do do & want of order 40 (6) 9991 do do fickleness 40 (3) भस्यता. do of the highest degres . .

·PAGL. 43 47 . 49 00 51 03 03 31 35 56 56 . ... .. 14 Troia-Equal Pairing do. 2nd end 3rd Linds 15 H -The Iliamurator 16 ITZ 017-The Illuminator by repetition 17 ajatel Typical Compar.sna 18 TT-Exunplification 19 franIllustı tion do end and 3rd inds 20 watts Dissimilitude or Contrast 21 Blue-Condected descrii on 23 fail-Spec-b of Absc.co do 2nd kan 23 #ATA* -Voda Vrtaphor 24 TT-Treinontne 25 Spou of an Insinuator 26 -I'STUDOTAS: 27 9173841--Indirect Description 28 malir -The Sprout of Direct Description 29 giátra-Periphrasis do 2nd kind 30 #Tafa-Artful Praise or Irons 31 Pag-Artful Ceasure /32 19 - Flint do Ind kind do. 3rd Lind 33 freTTHTA or faute-Contradiction 3+ frutt-Peculiar Cauestion do 2nd kind do 3r1 and 4 kinds land 1! Lind $ *p tost: 140 .. 57 58 60 61 62 63 be .. . .63 65 GG 67 G8 68 65 70 .. 72 14 3 88 ولاده له 1.؟ 38 774-lacongruity to.

·( 1 ) POL fr-2nd and 3rd kinds 39 444-The Equal do 2nd and 3rd kinds 40 fafen-Strange 41 f**#-Exceeding do 2nd Lind 42 R-Smallness 43 4174-The Reciprocal 44 f - Tho Extraordinary do. Ond and 3rd kinds 45 WET-Frustration do 2nd kind 46 TURTI-Garland of Causes 47 tat-Tho Necklace 48 Freretq-The Serial Illaminator 49 HTC The Climax 80 91844–The Relative order 61 qfa --The Sequence do 2nd hind 52 afcafu - The Return 53 afrai-The Special Dention 34 faa-The Alternative 55 VUE -The Conjunction do 2nd biod 50 1987--The Case Illuminator 57. Hify --The Convenience 58 **-The Ruslry 59 atuten or tagit -The Necessary Conclusion 60 17-The Poetical Reason 61 Taiette -The Transition • 62 fait -The Ispansion 63 raff-The Bold Speech 64 Pun-The Supposition 63 fawwufafa --The False Determination 66 stan-The Artful Indication 67 HET01-The Earapturing 80 81 82 83 88 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 93 93 94 95 95 96 96 9" 9S 99 99 100 101 102 103 103 105 105 106 107 108 108 ·(XL) PAGE • 109 110 110 111 113 .. AF147-2nd kind do 3rd kind 68 fantam-The Despondency G9 ERHAbandonnent 70 49971-Non Abandonment 71 71-The Permission 72 9 -Suggestion 73 -The se hag 7% Taan)-11c Jonelled Necklace 75 7 76 - Te Buri otrer 76 gémit-The Original do 2nd kind 77 77 IN -The lo Borrower 78 - The Cnformity 797-The Lost 80 TTT-The Sameness 81 ***! 01-The Un Lost 82 fait -The Un-Sameness 83 EMC-The Reply do 2nd hand 84 F-The Subtlo 80 fafa-The Covenog SG 1917-1'e Dussembler 87 afy -The Secrecy 88 faiT -Open Speech 89 - Covert peech 90 W.112--I sul prins 91 -The blufw Speech 92 min - The Crool (d Speech 93 Fax -Destription of Nature 91 HT#F#-The Y15100 95 -277-Ido Exalted 96 - The Essaggeration 97 fala-Esposition 98 fay-Prohibition 99 ffy-Fitness 115 116 117 118 119 119 120 121 122 122 123 123 125 120 127 127 129 129 130 J30 131 132 132 133 134 134 135 136 136 137 ·(XIII) PAOL 100 FT-The Cause do 2nd kind 138 138 APPENDIX Poetical Conventions Words expressive of comparison Terminations expressive of comparison 39 varieties of eqt (1) 11-Garland of Similes 1991–Girdle of Similes wfATETQHT (17) --Additional Example मालाप्रतिवसूपमा do E412 (18) do wengte (27)-And its 5 varieties AT (45)—Additional Example परिस प्या (63) do wa 4* (58). do कायलिंगम् (60) do WATTH-Inference fa - Additional Example E172 (95) do. defeConjunction HT-Commixture Classification of Alankaras Mutual distinctions of certain Alankaras 140 142 149 and 143 143 to 149 149 180 150 151 and 152 151 151 to 154 154 155 156 156 156 158 158 259 159 and 160 161 to 164 164 to 17

·BENEDICTORY VERSES OF OUR AUTHOR.
परस्परतपःसम्पत्फलायितपरस्परी।
प्रपञ्चमातापितरौ प्राञ्चौ जायायतीस्तुमः॥
* We glorify that ancient husband and wife, the parents of
the universe, each of whom became the fruit of the penance
treasure of the other.' '
अमरीकवरीभारभ्रमरीमुखरीकृतम् ।
दूरीकरोतु दुरितं गौरीचरणपङ्कजम् ॥
Blay the foot lotus of Gauri made resonant by the female
bees in the masses of braided hazrs of the prostrating goddesses!"
AUTHOR'S PREFACE TO THE WORK,
.
अलंकारेषु बालानामवगाइनसिद्धये ।
ललितः क्रियते तपा लक्ष्यलक्षणसग्रहः ॥
This elegant treatise on Alaukāras with their concise
definitions and apt examples has been composed (by me) for
the
purpose of enabling the young atudents to understand the
ornaments easily.'

·is .dll KUVALAYANANDA KANISAS LIBRARY OR THE MEMORIAL VERSES OF APPAYA DIKSHITA'S KUVALAYANANDA. I उपमा -SIVILE DEFINITION उपमा यव सादृश्यलक्ष्मीमलसति दयोः । ExaNPLE. हंसीव वाष्ण! ते कौर्ति स्वर्गंगामवगाहते ॥ . * (74) यम where (c in iton सनसति (utaret) tence of prose or poetry) उपमा 3) between two objects उपमेय the obecti compared and Eur alfa the object compared to to) स्वर गगाम माहश्यखमी the beauty of resem or blunce (which will ex cite poetical delight) 16 shines forth (there) the figure "Smile' O Krishna 1 thy fame like a she-swan the celestial Ganges स्वर्गम् गाम् heaven and earth enters or pervades Der Simile is a figure of speech wherein the beauty of resemblance shines forth between the two objects the object compared and the object compared to) • The words suppl cd are enclosal 10 c rcular bracketa ·2 उपमा। - 2 Er. 0 Køhn, thy fame lhe a she said enters the celestial Ganges (or pervades the celestial regions and this earth) This is an example of पूर्णापमा ( पूर्ण = full, उपमा- simile) 'simile complete', for, it contains all the four essentials of comparison, which are 1. उपमेयम, वयम् or विषय-The object comprred, i e, the subject of comparison, such as face do उपमानम्, अवर्ण्यम् or fagut--The object compared to, a e, the standard of comparison, such as moon, lotus &c 3. साधारणधर्म or भामान्यधर्म' or simply धर्म-Thto common attribute, i e , the characteristic re semblance between the two objects (thic object compared and the object compared to), or tho quality of the said two objects that occasions ther similitude such as charmingness or the like उपमावाचक or simply वाचक --The trord implying comparison, such as a 'as' or the hiho In the present example wilfri -the object compared at-the object compared to पवगाइत..., प्रयगाएन क्रिया= the act of entering or pervading - lo cornnon attributo * the nord implying comparison. Obserre -कीर्ति fune ' यगम् 'reputation and हाम' laughter are always described as slute according to the convention of tliepoets Hence, the fame of Knislina u coinpared to a san which 19 of white colour 4 .

·BUAT 1 3 & KINDS OF SIMILE ELLIPTICAL वण्यापमानधर्माणामुपमावाचकस्य च । एकदिवानुपादानाभिन्ना लुप्तोपमाटधा ।। पर्य उपनाम धमाण of the object एक दिवि पनुपादानात् by the omis compared, the object Bion of the one two compared to the com or three man attribute qey eightfold fਬ divided छपमावाचकस्य च and of the word TAT implying companson Lileptica! Smile 1 (भवति) (becomes.) By the omission of one, two or three of the four requisites of simile complete, 1 e, the object com pared, the object compared to the common attribute and the word implying comparison) the simile becomes elliptical and is eightfold which are -- 1 qeyar---SIMILE in the omission of the word implying comparison 2 79 - Do Do of the common attribute 3.धर्मवाचकलुप्ता- Do Do of the common attribute and of the word implying comparison 4 वाचकोपमेयनुप्ता- Do Do of the word implying comparison and of the object compared 5 उपमानवाचकलुप्ता-Do Do of the object compared to and the word implymg com parison 6 उपमानगुप्ता- Do of the object compared to . Do ·उपमा। 7 उपमानवाचकधर्मलुप्ता—Do Do of the object compared to of the word implying com parison and of the common attribute 8 उपमानधर्मलुप्ता Do Do of the object compared to and of the common attribute Examples of the first four Elliptical Similes in their order तडिद्गौरीन्दुतुल्यास्था कर्पूरन्तो दृशोर्मम । कान्या भारवधूयन्ती दृष्टा तन्वी रहो मया ॥ (as) gellaresh (as) the attenant acts (herself) ile the lightning Kamas brile (God ITET hayog the fuce like dess of love) ( fayr) (such a) मम सब slender Woman Tait of eyes in a lonely laco कपूरमी acts (he) the cam by me or was seen ly (Jer) losoliness the inoon 1 मश देश اس WT A slender woman was scen by me in a lonely placo- a woman (ns) yellowish as the lightning, ind, having the fnco lile the moon slle acts (Dolc) camplior to my es cs, and by (her) loveliness shoʻucts (hersell) liko tlie Goddess of lovo 1. afskin-If the compound is unicompounded, ko have तडिद य गोग, where ny-the object conpared to to-tho comnion attribute 971)-the olject compared ·उपमा। 5 We have, in this example, these 3 requisites, but the remuning requisite, the word a, expressive of comparison, is indirectly omitted and, in the expan sion of the compound, it becomes expressed and so this is the example of the Elliptical Simile, No 1,--in the omission of the word implying comparison (9794gat). 2. इन्दुतुल्या स्या when uncompounded, becomes इन्दुना gad ie JOTI F1 'she whose face is like tho moon,' where इन्दु - the object compared to TRA—the word implying comparison Sex—the object compared Here, we have the above three requisites, and the remaining requisite the common attribute such as charmingness &c, we have not got Hence, this is the example of the Elliptical Simile No 2 --in the omission of the common attribute (1) Observe _With regard to Elliptical Similes in the mission of the common attribute only, the word omission "लोप is used strictly in the sense in which it is used in the Panınıs Sutra a aa' (I «I 60) "The disappearance is called i With regard to the omissions of the other three, i e, the object compared, the object compared to and the word implying comparison, they are indirectly omitted , but when the compounds which contain them are uncompounded, they come to light and thus, we see, they are understood Moreover the student should note that without these three requisites, either expicssod or understood, there will be no simile at all ·6 उपमा। conies 3 कर्परन्ती शोर्मम। कर्पूरन्ती is the present participal noun, feminine gender, of the nominal verb surfa' having the fanų afix expressive of comparison omitted If it is uncompounded, it be- कर्पूरमिव पाचरन्ती-'she acts like the camphor', where (1) amin the second line of the sloha is the object compared and (2) DTX —13 the object compared to Thus, we have here only the above two requisites and the other two ingredients of comparison, the common attribute and the word implying comparison, are omitted Hence, this is the example of the Elliptical Simile, No 3,--in the ouission of the coinmon attribute and the word implying comparison (धर्मवाचकलुप्मा) 4. Wat etunit-oby (her) loveliness, slie acts (herself) lile Kama's bride The coinpound #t amit is the present participial noun, feminine gender of the nominal verb wtqyufa having tho affix hyach' (a) expressive of conip irisul If it is uncompounded, it beconies SATRE स्मरवधूम इव पाचरन्ती, u here we hate (1) #74the object compared to (2) 1991-tho common attribute only two cesentials of comparison The other two, the olycct compırıd qram liensulf' and the ford capresgire of comparison indirectly onnitted Jience, we havo the example of the Elliptical Stuule, No 4,-- the oilsesion of the ·उपमा। I 7 word implying comparison and the object compared (वाचकोपमेयलुप्ता) L'xamples of the Elliptical Similes Nos 5 and 6. यत्तया मेलनं तत्र लामो मे यश्च तद्रतः । तदेतत्काकतालीयमवितर्कितसम्भवम् । 2 # this crow there, 1 c, in that ITH 8910 lonely place tlat any सया with that (lady) gaafaeuar accidental or un यत् wluch expected occurrence मलनम् meeting काकतालीयम् like the maxim of which the and the of the sexual inter palm fruit course with that lady My meeting with that lady, in that lonely place, and ipy gam of sexual intercourse with that ladyench is an accidental occurrence like the maxim of the crow and the palm fruit This is the most puzzling example The compound Flame must be first analyzed, but its analysis can be best understood only when the Panini's Sutia HATTTT Reudia (V 3 106) with its commentary is rightly and fully understood This Sutra contains 3 11ords and one word g 19 to be supplied from the preceding Sūtra (V 3 105) and the full Sutra stands thus समासात् च तद्-विषयात् छः। The affix Chha ( 4 ) comes, also in the sense of

·8
उपमा।
like this', after 1 compound noun contrning in itsolf
the force of like this' (hidden)
Kusika commentary on the Sutra
तद् इत्यनेन प्रकृत इवार्थ निर्दिश्यते-By the word तद् the
sense of इव, the subject of discussion, 1>
referred to
श्वार्थविषयात ममामात् अपरम्मिन् श्वार्थे एव छ प्रत्ययो भवति-
The aflır Chhi ( 4 ) comes, only in the second
sense of इव like this', after a compound con
taining in itself the force of a
Examples
1 काकतालीयम्--Like the maxim of the crow (काक)
and the palm fruit (aia)
2 794MTX-Like the death of a goat (1)
by clic accidental falling of a sword (BUT)
3 अन्धकत्तिकोयम्-Like the accidental falling of a
quul (1) into the hands of a blind person
(अन्धक)
पतकितोपनतं चित्रीकरणम् उच्यते-Unintentional and
stringe concidences ao referred to here
ATEL FU-Hor 18 thnt.
4 TITAR TE94-Tho coming of the crom
is accidental
ama og g-As also the (sudden) fall of the palmr
fruit (on the head of the crow)
तेन तालेन पतता काकस्य वध' शत -By the palm fruit
thus falling, the death of tho cror occurred

·उपमा।
एवं एव देवदत्तस्य तत्र आगमनम्--In the very sime
manner, the coming of Devadatta (a person)
there
Bufuta - In the same manner, the sudden
attack of robbers (upon Des zdatta)
åg ay-By them (robbers) bis (Des adatta's)
death occurred
तर यो देवदत्तस्य दस्यूना च समागम , स काकासालसमागमसदृश
_There, the coincidence of the person Deva
datta and the robbers is like that of thic crow
and the palm fruit
sfa V SUHT - This is the first sense of the this
(in the compound काकतालम्)
au Zacie 74., # anaHET -Then, the kill
ing of Dev adatta is like that of thic crow by the
fall of the palm fiuit
fa fata sght - This is the second sense of lho
this
na nyi IE - In the first case we have tho sense
of ra in the compound (काकतालम् hidden)
fata, reIn the second case, we have the same,
expressed in the affis (in the compound 2
तालीयम्) )
समासय अयम परमादेय जापकात्-The implication of such
a .compound, having the sense of like this'
Ludden, is indicated by this Sutra only
afe gym af-There is no other rule for
the formation of this compound but tlus indica
.

·10 उपमा। tion (as no such compound with the force of a us tought in the chapter on compounds) By a careful study of this Sutra with its cons. mentaly, we come to l now that the compound Aratug contains tuo senses of ‘qq=like this, the first sense is hidden in the compound all and the second sense is expressed by means of the affis chha In the compound काकतालीयम् The compound CÆ, if uncompounded, be comes काक दव, तालमिय mhth again become काका गमनमिव 'the the coming of the ciou' and तालफलपतन fa 'like the falling of the prlın fruit' From the slol 2 quoted above, let us first take the example for the Elliptical Simile, No 5,-n the omission of the object compared to and the word implying comparison and consider the same यतया मेलनम् तत् अवितर्कितसभव काकतालम where मन्ननम् as the otject compared and अवितर्कितमभवम् । the common attribute Here, we have only the above trvo essentials of comparison The other two-the object compared to and the word implying compar Bon, are both hidden in the compound #diam# The coming of the person (YUTTHA) is compared to the coming of the crow (a THAA) and the coming of the lady is compared to the falling of the palm fruit (तालपालपतनम) The union of these tiroic, the person and the lady (Az Ã277) which is the object comprred) is like that of the crow and the palm fruit (काकतालसमागममदृशम्) The word समागम, , the object compared to, and the word, 59, implying comparison, ·उपमा। II are both omitted Hence, we have the Elliptical Simle No 5,—in the omission of the object compared to and the word implying comparison Let us then consider the example for the Elliptical Simile No 6 लाभो मे यश तट्रते. तदेवत् काकतालीयम् अवितर्कितसंभवम् ।। Where 2117 18 the object compared, afgaffnaran is the common attribute and the comp vund 19mmon con tains the object compared to 397 enting' hidden and the word implying comparison en pressed by the affix t (HU) becauso the compound if uncompounded, becomes काकताला एव - पाकशततालोपभोगाय like the cating of the prin frut by tho crow In this oxamplo ve here tlo aboic three ingredients of com parison, and the fourth the object compared to, 18 omitted fience, thus is the ex implo of the Llliptical Smule, No 6,- , in the oui 195101 of the object compared to Now, if we tnie away the common attributo faafaaduzĄ from the sloba lich contning the eramples for the Elliptual Sim Vis 5 and 6 and substituto in its pinco in ffi 77fe À - 'It so * In uit ho ki con went are on ! 3. 1067 9 con pont tanlo ir tt expansion tl -IMMUUTT zu festhaftlecrow by lle enddan fall of the palm fiul The atalents! 1 nota icra tatuan I 1b, other worlailar como en la are used to deo the acc dental occurrence etbei kulay or WAxdcore as the cost war be

·12
chanced, what shall I tell you', and read the sloks
thus
यत्तया मेलनं तत्र लाभो मे यश्च तद्रते: ।
तदेतत्काकतालीयमभवत् किं ब्रवीमि ते ॥
We have here the omission of the common
attribute in the above two examples
In the first example
-
मेलनम् 15 the object compared and, of the
other three essentials of comparison the common
attribute is directly omitted, and the object compared
to and the word implying comparison are indirectly
omitted in the compound maartą as explained before
and so we have the example of the Elliptical Simile,
No 7,--in the omission of the object compared to the
word implying coinparison and the common attributo
(उपमानवाचकधर्मलुप्ता)
In the second cxample
लाभ 15 the object compared and the compound
Aradan contains the object compared to hidden
and the word implsing comparison cxpressed in the
affix and we las o no conmon attributo 60 11e baro
the example of the Elliptical Simile, No 8,—in tho
omission of the object compared to and of the com
mon attributo (उपमानधर्मलुगा)
Thus, in one slol a chmte tho examples of tho
second feur Ell ptical Surmes Nos 5 to 8 Th119
ornament 50HT is distinguishable froin certaid other

·अनन्वयः। 13 1 I rnaments such as au: No. II.- Comparison bsolute,' 6974 No. V.-Metaphor, 3471414H lo. III. „Reciprocal Comparison, and afata: '0. XX.-Dissimilitude. In the Rūpaka, the resemblance is suggested hereas it is expressed here In the Comparison bsolute, only one object is compared to itself. Here, wo different objects are compared. In the Reciprocal Comparison, two sentences are mployed; here, only one sentence In the Dissimilitude, contrast also is stated, hereas it is not so in this figure. For other peculiarities of this figure and its arieties according to Sāhityadarpana and Kávyarakās) and for words expressing comparison &c. ce the Appendix. II. T:— COMPARISON ABSOLUTE.' .उपमानोपमेयत्वं यदेकस्यैव वस्तुनः । इन्दुरिन्दुरिव श्रीमान् इत्यादी तदनन्वयः ॥ EFINITION XAMPLE कस्य एवं of only one object on 1819 glorious hand moon which 1. be the moon itself पमानीपमेयत्वम् the relation of इत्यादौ in the alustrations the object compared like this to and that compared 948 the figure comparison 7 that absolute When the object compared to and the object compared are one and the same, or in otlier words, wlien ine anů the same object is compared to itself, it is

·उर्ममयोपमा
Comparison bailutcmfy 13 tho illustration is
forfra ara 'the florjour inson is lilc thu mon
it iris,
T710.=A77 A7; commntion' g. - rant of
connection with any other vlijcct in the world in
17 *f**of compar?
The word beurt 'et referi' comprises such other
canmplexas
गगनं गगनाफारं मागरः सागरोपमः।
tratra muret Tatramafter i
(vl* regarda spaciousness), thoshyo is like the sky
itxell. (Arroganla vaalinas), the ocean is similar to
the oct an otsoff. (Ar regarde nufulness), the battle
*** en Rimn and Iisan is hike the battlo botsreen
Rim nni Rásann.
Flera and in the example giron in the test, the
kelf-comparison of the moont, ocean, Rhy and the little
is to show the non-oxistence of their like
In thic figure, n suineness of terms rould Lo moru
cyprelient for the rendy understanding of the ideutity
of the olject nt tho very heiring efte' bolds
better thinn 'RTL y although the latter is a
Synonym of the fortner.
III. TAT RECIPROCAL COMPARISON.'
पयोयेण इयोस्तछेटुपमेयोपमा मता।
uafsa y crisitcut uâ qafa a
DETIXITINY
FXMLL

·प्रतीपम्। 15 मना 90 व धम व car of the two re, the if object compared to eqHattat reciprocal comparison and that compared 10 termed पयिष 10 turn, 14, in altor alu in thee nation (thy) virtue वत् that, ie, the posi like (tby) riches tron of upamåns and full upameya (taken from (thy) nches the preceding sloha) like (thy) virtue Def That, 2 €, the position of Upamana and Upainev z when altei nated 13 declared the Reciprocal Comparison Ex In you, O King: thy virtue is as full as (thy) riches , and thy riches as full us thy vertue Here, the object of comparing the ling's virtue with his riches and again ins riches with his virtue excluding the other simular objects is to show that there is notlung else equal to the virtue dc, of the hing Observe - This figure 18 possible only in two sentences as the interchange of comparisons is im possible in one sentence The Upamant in the first sentence becomes Upamey? in the second and the Upimeya in the first becomes Upamanı in the second in the total absence of a third thing to be compared to But the figure au No II IS possible in on sentence the object compared to and that compared being the sime in the total absence of a second thing to be compared to •IV galu-CONVERSE DEFINITION प्रतीपमुपमानस्थोपमेयत्वप्रकल्पनम् । DIAMPLE वल्लोचनसम पद्म त्वदना सदृशो विधु. ॥

·16 प्रतीपम्। उपमानस्य toon of the object com पप्रम् lotus pared to उपमेयव प्रकल्पमम् assumption as the स्वलोचनममम् equal to thyeye object compared वडकमय equal to thy face मत्तीपम् the figure Converso Def. The assumption of the object compared to as the object compired i.e, when Upamāna (moon &c.) is compared to Urrmeya (face &c), or in other words, when the usual forin of comparison is inverted, it is the Converse. (Lady!) The lotus is like thy eyes; and the moon is like thy face. 2nd kind of Conierse. Drrrrrrox अन्योपमेयलाभेन वर्खास्यानादरश्च तत् । ELANPLE अलं गर्वगते व कात्या चन्द्रो भवाहशः॥ the . अन्योपमेयलाभेन by reason of gaun | वत् of another, ie, object compared to as the object compared ते बर्खम्य of the object on hand the (face de) अनादरः disregard STAT also that, se, the figuro coaceres face 1 thy by the pride enough in splendour the moon hie thee 6 g भवाहम Def. When the subject on hand (face &c) is disregarded by reason of the gain of another object lie, Doon &c ) Fhich is not the subject under discourse it is also termed Converse Ex. O facel enough of thy pride ; (there is) the moon equal to thes in splendour, ·प्रतीयम्। 17 women 3rd land of Conerse Dur वोपमेयलाभेन तधान्यस्याप्यनाटरः । Er कः क्रौर्यदर्पस्ते मृत्यो त्वत्तुल्याः सन्ति हि स्त्रियः ॥ चण्डीपमयलाभेन by reason of the] मृत्यो। death gain of the object ] ने thy compared which is कार्यदर्प pride on account of the subject on hand cruelty of the object which what is not the subject on! हि because hand स्त्रिय पपि also equal to you चनादर disregard सन्ति there are तथा SO ie the Converse Def When the object which is not the subject on hand is disregarded by reason of gain of another object which is the subject on hand, it is declared the third kind of Converse Di 0 death. wherefore dost thou bear the pride on. account of cruelty, becruse, there are (many) women equal to thee (in cruelty) 4th kind of Conici se Der वयेनान्यस्योपमाया अनिप्पत्तिवचच तत् । Ex मिथ्यावादो हि मुग्धाति! लन्मुखाम किलावुजम् ॥ वन by the object on च also hand (te face &c) तत् tlate the Converge of the object not on मुग्धाति । 0 beaut inleyd lidya hand बुजा Jotts of the resemblance त्वभावाभम् eqrl totl rfire पनिपत्तिव) tle nsfertion of non untr (345 rtion accomplishment किल truly 4 उपमाथा मिथ्यावाद ·18 रूपकम्। Def. The assertion of non-accomplishment of the resemblance of the object not on hand with the object on hand is also termed the Converse. Er. O beautiful-eyed lady! The assertion that the lotus has the likeness of thy face is an untrue one. Hence, we see here that the resemblauce between the two objects lotus and face being stated as untrue becomes an unaccomplished one and so it is the Converse, 5th kind of Converse. DEr. प्रतीपमुपमानस्य कैमर्थ्यमपि मन्यते । Ex. दृष्टं चेहदनं तन्वााः किं पझेन किमिन्टुना ॥ BATT of the object com मन्यते is considered pared to of that slender lady জন the sense of what is बदनम् the use of पद्मन किम् what with the lotus प्रतीपम् a hat with the moon Def. The assertion hat is the use of the upamana' (with reference to tlie npameya which is the subject on hand) is also considered as one of the Pratipas. Ex. When the face of that slender lady was seen, What is the use of the lotus or of the moon. तन्वी . the face दृष्ट चेत of seco also the Converse V. 2008-Metaphor. DEr. विषय्यभेदताद्र प्यरञ्जनं विपयस्य यत् । xt. रूपकं ततिधाधिक्यन्यूनत्वानुभयोलिभिः ।

·रूपकम्। 19 . चन which tical with the object বিহুগল্প of the object com compared to pared तत् that विषय मैदरभ्रमम् the gratifying re रूपकम् the metaphor prosentation as non तत् that (metaphor) different from theपाधिका in point of superi object compared to न्यूनत्व jority, inferiority and विषयिताप्यरधनम् the gratifying re अनुभयोतिभि the absence of both presentation as aden विधा 19 three-fold Det The gratifying representation of the object compared (1) as non different from, and (2) as identi. cal with, the object compared to us termed Rupala And each (of the said two kinds) is again three fold in pont of (1) superiority, (2) inferiority and (3) the absence of both The Metaphor is first held two-fold -(1) अभेदरूपकम् and (2) ताटूप्यरूपकम् Fach of these is again three fold in point of superiority &c, of the object compared over the object compared to Hence the Metaphor is six fold which are 1 अधिकाभेदरूपकम् । 4 अधिकताटूप्यरूपकम् । 2 न्यूनाभेदरूपकम् । 5 न्यूनताद्रूप्यरूपकम् । ३ अनुमयाभेदरूपकम् । 6 अनुभयताद्रूप्यरूपकम् । Examples of these in their reler se order No 3 अनुभयाभेदरूपकम् । Fr. अयं हि धूर्जटिः साक्षाद् येन दग्धा. पुर. क्षणात्। अयम् (राजा) this (king) by whom साचात् in person, in bodily 4919 form the cities (of his focs) হি the God Siva दग्धा Bere burnt indeed - . यन In a moment ·20 रूपकम् । Ex This (king) 13 indeed the very God Suur in bodily form, because by him the cities (of bis foes) were burnt Here, the king, the upameya, who is said to hire burnt the cities of his foes is represented as non-different from the God Siva, the upim una, the destroyer of the three cit es of gold, silver and iron of the demon trpura, and in the absence of any superiocity or of inferiority between these tivo objects, we have the example of Rupala No 3 No 2 न्यूनाभेदरूपकम् । Ex. अयमासे विना शभुस्तात्तीयोकं विलोचनम् । 4 (tret) tlus (king) विना with out arapaterą tluru विलोचनम् ero 13 or swandia Ex Here stands (before us) tlus (ling), the God Sambhu lumself without his thud eye Here, the king, the upameya, bring only to cyes is represented 19 non-different froin thio God Simbhu thc upaminn, in the absence of his tlmd ejc se, with an inferiority in respect of cy es Hence, this is the example of Rupaha No ? God v भभु पास्त . No 1 अधिकामदरूपकम। Ix. शभुर्विश्वमवत्येप स्वीकृत्य समष्टिताम् । 07 (11) 413) har eg udmel the Cal Sin blu 1419 torrera BACCAI multi bien Ytfr protects in reality cice ·रूपकम् । ! 21 re TRIT Er This (king), the God Sambhu himself, protects the world assuming impartiality (lt even ez es) Here, the God Sambliu is said to have assumed two eyes in protecting the world while his third firey eye clever in consuming the world was now moved in as much as his present work is the protec tion of the world and not consuming Hence, we hare here the superiority, ze, the protection of the world with reference to the destruction of the world with the faghere uneven eyes or three eyes, and so this is the example of Rupaha No 1 No 6 अनुभयताद्र प्यरूपकम्। Ex. अस्या मुखेन्दुना लब्धे नेत्रानन्दे किमिन्दु ना। of th is (lady) लमे when attained मुखेन्दुना इन्दुना by the moon भवानन्द the delight of (our) fan eyes Ex When the delight of (our) eyes has been attained by (seeing) the face moon of this lady), what is the good of seeing the moon Here, the face of the lady in question is repre sented as identical with the moon and in the absence of any superiority or of inferiority between them, we have here Rupaha No 6 No 5 न्यूनताद्र प्यरूपकम। Ex. साध्वीयमपरा लक्ष्मीरसुधासागरोदिता ॥ this virtuous woman असुधासागरीदिता not born of the | लो Goddess of fortune Milly Ses face moon what . यि साध्वी & second .

·22 परिणाम । IT Lx This virtuous woman is a second Lakslimu (Goddess of fortune) not born of the Milky Sea Here two different objects the virtuous som in and the Goddess of fortune, are represented as identi cal with an inferiority in as much as the former is not born of the Milky Ser and we have therefore here the example of Rupala No 5 No 4 sfumarem ouch! Ex अयं कलंकिनचन्द्रान्मुखचन्द्रोऽतिरिच्यते । QUAL this from the moon face-moon पतिरियत 13 superior to कलकिम spotted Сх This face moon (of thus lovely sonyan) is superior to the spotted moon Here, we have the superiority expressed in the example which needs no comment VI OTOT-Commutation Dr परिणाम क्रियार्थचेद विषयी विषयात्मना। I Ex प्रसन्नेन दृगजेन वीक्षते मदिरेनषा ॥ विषयी the object compared free tho gure Corenutto ton विषयान्ममा under the chanctor of Rest t Jorelregel Lily the object compared bright किया Berning the purposes esr-lotus वौचने on hind Def When the upam ina (ie the lotus &c, the object superimposed) 19 identified uith the samejo ·उल्लेख । 23 1 (se, the eye &c, the subject of superimposition) and serves the purpose on hand ( e, seeing &c) it is the Commutation Lx This lady of lovely eyes beholds with her bright eye-lotus Here, the suporimposed lotus not possessed of the power of beholding 19 identified with the ladys eye, the subject of superimposition, and is made to serve the purpose on hand, ie, the act of beholding In the Rupiha, as per instance in the sentence 'etetata I see the eye lotus,' the imposed lotus served only to gratify the expression In this figure, the act of seeing belonging to the subject of superimposition, the eye, 18 transferred to the object superimposed, the lotus, as in the present example VII -Representation DEr बहुभिर्वहुधोल्लेखादेकस्योल्लेख इष्यते। Ex. स्त्रीभिः कामोऽर्थिभिः खः काल. शबुभिरैक्षि मः ॥ एकव्य of one (object) सीभि by the women यभि by different persons काम as God of love बहुधा under different cha एक्षि was seen racters अधिभि by the mend cants BÀ017 by delineating सर्द्ध as the tree of para उलख Representation dise 18 regarded अधुभि by (h19) foes that God Krishna 418 as God of death Def When an ohject is delineated by different people under different characters, it is termed Repre se atation ·24 उल्लेख । He (God Krishna) was regarded as the God of love by the women, as the tree of paradise by the mendicants, and as the God of death by (his) foes Here, the one and the same object is representrd as distinct by different beholders on different occu sions according to their Iling or taste and kind of Representation Der एकन बहुधोल्लेखेऽप्यसो विषयभेदतः । गुरुर्वचस्यर्जुनोऽयं कोत्तौ भोग्नः शरासने ॥ (एकम्य of one object) v4 (51) thg (kns) एकन by one person वसि in speech विषयभेदत through difference of (14) grave or Bruins pecuhanities fuata बाधा under various charac ters पर्जुन (18) luto or Arjuna va in the delineation शरामने पपि Also vir (is) terrible or Di Ishra 981 that, 10, Representa tion Def When an olject is delineated by one person, 20, by one perciorer, under various characters through difference of peculiarities, it is also teriucu Representation Ir. He (the king) is gravo (Brihaspati ) speech, suite ( Arjuna) in fame, and terribla (Bhishma ) in bove Herc, one and the sime hing is represented 24 distinct by ono and the sainte beholder but throul difference of peculiarities belonging to the object de lineated in fame ما در ·स्मृतिमान्, भान्तिमान्, सन्देह । 25 VIII FATTI --Reminiscence or Rhetorical Recollection. IX. SIFATMistaker. X सन्देहः-Doubt To स्यात् स्म.तिभान्तिसन्द हैस्तदंकालंकृतित्रयम् । मृति मान्ति सन्देहे by (expressions go by the names of of) recollection, mis Recollection, DLstaler take and doubt and Doubt (respcc Horfa three figures that tively) Def (1) Expressions of a certain object crprble of arousing an impression in the mind favouring a recollection, (2) mistaking a certain object to be something else similar to it, and (3) doubting the certainty of an object aro respectivels termed Reminiscence, the Mistuber and Doubt Or in other words (1) A recollection of an object, esperienced before, that arises from the siht of somo other object similar to it, is termed Reminiscence (2) Tho Vistaker is the representation of an object, 16, face &c as something else, te, lotus &c, 29 suggested by the skill of the poet, on account of thro close rescinblance of those two objects (3) Then the certainty of an object under del neation is doubted through poeticul skill, it is called Doubt Ixample of Reminiscence. पंपानं पश्वषः कांतामुखं मे गाइते मनः नम् lotas Tut the fue of the bo पनव steing enters ie, recollects. . forest . Ty mind TICA ·26 स्मृतिमान्, भ्रान्तिमान् सन्देशः। Seeing this lotus, my mind recollects the face of my beloved Example of the Mistaler. अयं प्रमचमधुमस्त्वन्मुखं वैत्ति पंकजम् । पंकसम पयम् प्रपनमञ्चप. खम्मुखम this mtoxicated bee thy face lotus understand (Lady I) this intoxicated bee understands thy face to be the lotus (through mistabu) The difference between this figure and the Rūpıla (V) is, that, in the latter, re identify the face with the lotus without mistaking the one for the other, whereas, in this figure, the mistake is clearly cspressed as in the foregoing example Example of Doubt पंकनं वा सुधांशुर्वेत्यस्माकं तु न निर्णयः । to us or 44 पंकभम् lotus or निय 10 ducu100 NO साय Doon We are not able to decide shether (the object be foro us) is the lotus or the moon (nectar riyad) Tlm, we see that these thrco figures are founded upon the closs roslinblancs, of the objecte soon and orperienced before, that gayc risc to a recollection, mustahe or doubt.

·घपतिः। 27 XI अपहृति:--Concealment. There are six varieties of the figure which are .- 1. शदापति: Concealment pure 2. हेवपतिः Do. attended with a renson, 8 पर्यस्तापद्धति Do. transferred. 4 भान्सापति. Do under a mistake 5. छेकापतिः Do. of the skilful 6. केतवापङ्गतिः Do of the deceitful. 1. शद्धापनति'-Concealment pure. Dr शुदापङ्गुतिरन्यस्यारोपार्थो धर्मनिवः । Ex. नायं सुधांशुः किं तर्हि व्योमगंगासरोगहम् ॥ celestial Ganges पन्धय of the object not on अयं this hand सुधार moon पारीपार्थ causing superimposi not tion कि सर्दि then, what is that dental of the character व्योमगंगासरीरम् the lotus of the pure अपति Concealment Def vanuyla is the denial of the real character (of an object on hand such as moon &c) for the purpose of superimposing (upon it) the character of another (object lotus &c, not on hand). Ex. Ths (the object before us) Is not tho moon (nectar-rayed) but it is the lotus of the celestırıl Ganges ·तौर 28 अपङ्गतिः। 2. हेलपति.-Concerlment with a reasoir. DEr स एव युक्तिपूर्वश्वेटुच्यते हेत्वपद्धतिः । Ex. नेन्दुस्तीवो न निश्यकः सिंघोरौर्वोयमुल्पितः । स (धर्म निव) एव the same moon the denial of the not character hot अतिपूर्व based upon a reason-/निमि st night in sun af न not इलपति Concealment with a ਲਿਆ from the ocean reason उत्थित sprung up सद्यते is called और the submande fre भयम् this Def The above, ze, the 'Concealment pure' when based upon a reasoning, is termed aux fai EX This is not the moon, (because it 18) Lot : (not even) the sun, (because it is) pight, but it is the submarine fire come out of thic ocean. ३ पर्यस्तापति -Concealment transferred DEr अन्यत्र तस्यारोपार्यः परतापहतिय सः। । Er. नायं सुधांश किं तर्हि सुधांशु. प्रेयसीसुखम् ।। पन्यव भारीपाय on another of ject of that (object on khand) C22.258 superimposi tion thint Concealment ftrud भयम् सुधाग bioon not tl en bioh (is called moon) भेयमामुपम् the face ca (m) Le- Josed सुधीर स पर्य-ति MOOD ·49% fa: 1 29 Def.' Paryastūpahnuti is that in which the real character of an object (moon &c.) 'is denied and the same is superimposed upon another object (face of a damsel). Es. This is not the moon (nectar-rayed). Then which is moon? The face of my beloved is the moon (nectar-rayed--not being endowed with burning character). 4. HITT195 70:--Concealment under a mistake. Dur भ्रान्तापङ्ग तिरन्यस्य शंकायां भांतिवारणे । तापं करोति सोल्कम्पं, ज्वरः किं? न सखि स्मरः ।। पन्चस्व of another person सापम् heat भकायाम् in doubt करोति produces मालिवारणे in the remoral of the वर किम् is it fever 1 mistake afu friend 1 HTT19Ef it 18 Concealment न under i mistako यार. the God of love accompanied by trem bling Def. When a person is in doubt (7.c., under a misterken notion as to the real character of an object on kand) and when that doubt is warded off (by the mention of the real thing), it is Bhrantāpahnuti, Er. (It) produces heat accompanied by the trembling of the body* Is it fever ? † No, friend ! It is the God of love. I no गोक पम् * Sav bye lady nuang under aratatzop † Said by her female friend that chanced to be near her Reply mude by the former to the latter, ·of another persoa 30 अपङ्गुतिः। 5 छकापति.-Concealment of the skilful Dre छकापडतिरन्यस्य शंकातस्तथ्यनिगवे ॥ Ex प्रनल्पन्मत्पदे लग्नः, कांत: किं ? न हि नूपुरः ।। अन्यस pratling शकात. Oying to fear मन्पद in my foot सनिये for the purpose of / लय club denying the real sense कान्त किम् 1330fthy) lorer? किंकापति Concealment of the महि 2010 shilful anklet Def. When a person (having once given otprom ssion to some real object) denies the same (by interpreting it otherwise) for fear of being understood by another person (in zts real sense), at 19 termed the Concealment of the shilful. Ex. Pratling (something he) clung to my foot.. Is it thy lover ? † No, no It is my anklet.t 6. aarus, fà - Concealment of the deceitful Dr कैतवापङ्गतिळतो व्यानादौनिहु तैः पदैः । Ex. निर्यान्ति स्मरनाराचाः कांताहपातकैतवात् । म्यागाये निहत एदै by words of 1 soco of the glances denial व्याज&c. of & Jameel বঙ্গী of expressed यरमाराचा the Arrows of the বানি Concealment of the Coul of lova deceitful বিহাল कानाडक्यातकेतवान् under the sem Sad by a Jady to her confidential companion † Question wked by another lay that chanced lo comod lsze at its time t Reply made by the first lady. Issuetorth ·gogii 31 Def. When (the denial of the real character of an object on hand) is clearly expressed by the words of denial TT etc., it is the Concealment of the deceitful. Ex. The arrows of the God of love issue forth under the semblence of the glances of a damsel. 2915=under the semblence of, under the pretext of. याद्य ete includes such other words मिष, कपट, छल, छद्म, केतव। XII. -Poetical fancy. Dr संभावना स्याटुलेचा वस्तु हेतुफलात्मना। उत्तानुत्तास्पदोद्याव सिद्धासिद्धास्पदे परे॥ or वस्तु तु फलामना under the cha Sion of the fancy is racter of (1) nature mentioned not (2) cause and (3) mentsoned effect (of another 1 the other two te, object) प्रेथा and फरलोचा सभावना imagining सिद्धपसिदभास्पदा where the sub. OURT 19 Poetical fancy ject of the fancy is of these an accomplished or पाया first se, atst uzaccomplished one उपनुलपास्पदा where the occa Def. The Poetical fancy is the imagining of an object on hand under the character of another object not on hand under three heads, raz, (1) natı re, (2) cause and (3) effect. (And thus the figure 19 first three-fold),' Of these, the first and or as it is generally called gautu Er is two-fold according as the Oceasion of the funey is mentioned of not mentioned. The other two, t.co, far and I are cach ·उबचा। two-fold according as the subject of the fancy is an accomplished or unaccomplished one. Wat is that in which the state, condition or natural appearance of an object is imagined by the poets to be the state, condition or nataral appearance of another similar object. bear is that in lich something is imagined to be the effect of some other thing which cannot form its real cause. দলীলদা is that in which something is imagined to be the cause of some other thing which is not its real effect. Example of houtan (1) where the occasion of the fancy is mentioned. धूमस्तोमं तमः शंके कोकोविरहशुष्मणाम् । the mase of smoke सम the darkness धमतोमम् की कोधिरापमणाम् the fire of sep के aration of kolt birds I suspect I suspect (this) darkness to be the mass of smoke of the fire of separation of the kolī birds, Here, the darkness and the smoke are similar in appearance. The poet is aware that it is darkness, He then fancies it to be the smoke of the fire of separation of the koki birds which is the occasion of the fency. Example of acatauar (2) where the occasion of the fancy is not mentioned. लिम्पतीव तमोङ्गानि वर्षतीवांननं नमः । तमा darkness ܦܬܤܢܐ पटनम sky collyriam mains as it were सिम्पति व anoints as it were वर्षदिख ·Es waist wag ties 34 उत्प्रेक्षा। Here, the enmity, betn een the moon and the lotuşęs, on account of the latters contrction on the appearance of the foi mer, is nrturil, and the cause ascribed to it, te, with a desire of attainig the beruty of the lady's face is not real and is due to tho frncy of the poet. Tlc cause not burnt in established one, this forms an instance of fatetet e prapani मध्यः वि कुचयोधं त्यै बदः कानकदामभिः । fara what कुचयो of breasts TAH by the golden sering त्य for the support Lads! Is it for the support of this brcasts that thy waist ras tied by the golden strings (in the form of the lady's foldings) ? Here, the lady's breasts are naturally placed nbosc tho waist, wherezs, thc poet describes the natural goldlihe folds over the navel of the Indy ny three golden strings tred round the waist as if to support the brengts The fact being an accomplished one, this is an instance of सिविपया फलोत्यक्षा। 2. प्रायोऽयं त्वत्पदेनैवचं प्राप्नु तोये तपस्यति । lotus to get with thy foot perhaps एकम the oneness, 1€, uko sn the water ness done per Lnds, the lotus does penance in tlo sinter perhape to becomu idurtical 17th ihs foot JIure, the lotuscs naturally gror in maler, Anl the fact artfully attributes another cause for their, sts fit ·অনিয়ন্ধি:। 1 35 standing in the water, which is no doubt the work of his imagination ; and this being an unaccomplished one, it is an instance of असिइविपया पालोत्यहा। XIII. fauetta:—Hyperbole. There are seven kinds of this figure : 1. fazatieni: Hyperbole Metaphorical. 2. भेदकाति. Do. asserting a difference. 3. संबन्धा. Do asserting a connection. 4. असवन्धा. Do. asserting a disconnection. 5. पक्रमा Do. asserting a want of order, G. चपला. Do. assorting ficlleness. 7. greito Do of the lugliest degrec. Of thesc, No 1 is two-fold (a) T-Pure and (0) 919891-founded upon the ornament of Conccalment (XI).

·अतिशयोक्ति । 37 the blue lotuses and shafts with which they are respectively identified * = 0 king ornament भाता in the moon BCC 1 (1) सापट्टवा रूपकातिशयोक्ति । ver यद्यप तिगर्भत्वं सैव सापहवा मता। Ex. त्वत्यूक्तिपु सुधा राजन भांता. पश्यति तां विधी af 9xfamuany founded upon the anay in thy good speeches Concen सुधा hectar ment infatuato peopla मेव सापकवा metaphorical hyper | ताम् that bole pure itself found विधी ed upon the ornament prefa of Concealment मता 18 considered (by the poet) Def If the sime, 16 tho Mſetaphorical Ilyper bolo 'No 1 (a) is founded upon tho ornament of Con ceulment, then it 19 called areal afanuliai Er. O hing I Nectar exists in thy good speeches, but the infatunted people see the same in the moon • Ilere, 'the sweetness in the good speeches of the king is the nectar--13 tho Hyperbole No I (a), bocause the upa oina nectar 29 used for upamoja sweetness' Again, the nectar which is in the moon is done and that which exists in the good speeches of thic hing is called ncctar and hence so have the ornament of Concealment also * Tiu comprebeanon brida abont the aupenor eicellence of de Parker cret the trad434 ·38 अतिशयोक्ति। 2 भेदकातिशयोकि Dur भेदकातिशयोक्तिस्तु तस्यैवान्चत्ववर्णनम् । Ex अन्चदेवास्य गांभीर्यमन्वय महीपतेः ।। तस्व of the object des अन्यदेव (18 regarded) as ano cribed ther, te, strange or अन्यलवर्णनम् description as another extraordinary भेदकातिशयोक्ति Hyperbole usser धर्यम् courage ting a difference সম্মন (as regarded) as ano- चथ of this (hing) ther, 1c stranger गांभीर्यम् profundity Def When the thing described is comprchended as another, i e, as extraordinary or strange or pecu liar, it is called भेदकातिशयोक्ति । Er Strange is the profundity of this king and strange is his courage also Hore, the profundity and the courage of the ling are considered as extraordinary beczuse a dilitience 18 asserted between the profundity and courage of 21 ordinary man and those of the hing 3 सयन्धातिशयोति। DEr संबंधातिशयोतिर, स्वादयोगे योगकल्पनम् । - Ex. सौधायाणि पुरस्याम्य स्पृशं वि विधुमंडपम् ॥ पयोगे When there स्थात् Is (called) connection of this town घोषक तनम् assertion a corameer सोयापि amids Lunesent ton faya yg tin dhe of tim mora संधा-शि HyTerbole assertiog-मन्ति touch or kus (. ) connection no पय पुरश ·अतिशयोक्ति । 39 Def When a connection is asserted where there is really none, it is called Haanfotuta. The tops of the mansions of this town hiss the disc of the moon. Here, the tops do not really touch the disc of the moon still they are asserted to do so on account of their extraordinary height 4 अरबन्धातिशयोक्लि । 1 DEr योगेऽप्ययोगोऽसंबंधातिशयोक्तिरितोर्यते । Ex. त्वयि दातरि राजेन्द्र खर्ट्स मान्नाद्रियामहे ।। योगे अपि though there is con राजेन्द्र best of kings! nection cara grafe when thou art a donor पयोग (the assertion of) dus खदुमान् the trees of the paraconnection dise सबधा-कि FIyperbole asserting 7 SATAP we sont devote to. 2 disconnection Def Denial of connection where there is really a connection is called Thanavuta 1 Es O best of kings' As long as thou remainest here, as our liberal donor, ve won't devote ourselres to the wish yielding trees of Indra's paradise This is addressed by the mendicants to a king of very liberal donations They, the mendicants, say that as long as this king is their donor, they sever their connection with the Kalpa tree Here, the connection of the mendicants with their wish-yielding treo which is, as its very name imples, renowned for its liberality is denied ·40 अतिशयोक्ति । 5 अक्रमातिशयोक्ति । Der अक्रमातिशयोक्तिः स्थात्महत्वे हेतुकार्ययो. । Ex आलिंगन्ति समं देव ज्यां शराच पराश ते॥ भराय arrow focs clasp कार्यधी of the cause and It thy effect सरचे in the simultaneity परीय अकमा-कि Hyperbole asserting a| ज्याग (1) box string()errth want of order समम् simulatancously O king! पालिगन्ति Def When the cause and effect are sud to hiro tiben place simultaneously, or, in other words when the effect is said to co exist with the cause it is called अक्रमातिशयोक्ति । Ex Oking! Thy arross and thy foes Loth clasp the gyu simultaneously Observe the pun on the word jy which means ' 'bon string and 'earth' The arroits are sud to clasp the bor string and the foes, the earth te, they fall down on earth doid being struck sith the arrons of the king It is usual that cause precedes the cffect Here, tho effect, the falling down dead on cattle , 15 said to co-clist with the cause, the issuing of an Hence, it is called प्रक्रमातिययोति । arrow 6 पपलातिशयोक्ति । ne चपलातिशयोक्तिस्तु कार्ये हेतुप्रसतिने । E. यास्यामौत्युदिते तन्वा बलयोऽभवटूर्मिको ।

·अतिशयोक्ति । 41 of the slender lady ring bracelet becamc. the cllect तन्वा Korea when the c2u90 was ऊर्मिका under discussion वलय चपला-ति' Hyperbole asserting | भवत् fichleness बाथामि इत्युदिते when snd (by tho lorer) I go Def If the effect is described to have taken place without the cause, or, literally, if the effect is said to have taken place when the cause was under discussion, te, not yet begun, it is then called qualfarulfati i Ex No sooner did the lover say 'I shall go' than the ring of his slender lady became her bracelet. When the lover simply said 'I shall go but did not actuully go, his beloved became so very thin at the very thought of her lovers future separation that the ring of her finger served as bracelet for her hand Here the cause was only expressed but did not actually take place and we see the effect is produced without the cause . 7 अत्यन्तातिशयोति । Dar अत्यन्तातिशयोक्तिस्तत्पौर्वापर्यव्यतिक्रमे । Ex. अग्रे भानो गत' पश्चादनुनीता प्रियेगा सा !! # Is explained by the commentator 23 para—without close G ·तुल्ययोगिता। thof 991 *ना पोषांचर्य व्यतिकर्म When thero 50 in the begining, ie, 25 a violation of the preriously priority and posteri anger or ty of those (se, subsided of the cau50 and मा she effect) fagu by her lover Ilyperbole of afterwards highest degree अनुनौता was conciliated Def. When the relation of priority and posterio nity is volated, ie, when the due order is inverted, or, in other words, when the effect is said to have preceded the cause, it 18 year fawulfa Ετ The anger (of the beloved lady) had preri ously subsided Afterwards, she was copulated by her lover. Here, a lady angry, through love, at the absence of her lover removed her anger at the moment the lover came before her The lover not knowing the subsidence of the anger of the Indy exqused himself of luş absence which was unnecessary at that stage XIV gepulfat'Equal Pairing'. Der quiafAaiui ar užsi Jepitfirar i Ex संकुचंति सरोजानि खैरिणीवदनानि च ॥ autar of objects on hand | सरोजानि Jotuseg इतरषाम् वा or of those not on सरितीवदनानि च And the faces of Land the adulterous women sameness of attribute of become contracted सुन्ययोगिता Equal Pairing धर्मे क्याम् na=a7 of those, 6, of the cause and effect.

·तुल्ययोगिता 43 Sameness Def The of attıbute of objects on hand or of objects not on land, 13 called a ufuat) Example of objects on liando The lotuses become contracted as well as the faces of the adulterous women This being the description of the rise of the moon, the lotuses are suid to contract, and the moonlight being an impediment to the free movements of the harlots, their faces also are said to contract or droop Observe ---Here, the lotuses and the faces of the women are the objects on hand and are assoented with one common attribute Example of objects that are not on hand बदगमार्टवे दृष्ट कस्य चित्ते न भासते। मालतीशभृल्लेखा कदलीना कठोरता ॥ TRO Te when the softness of thy limbs was per ceived x whose mind मावतो कदलोनाम of the 293 mixe moon 8 ray and the plantain hardocss will not become matzz fest. कहीरता व भासते → कस्य चित Ex Lady! In whose mind will not the hard ness of the jasamine, the lupir ruy and the plantain be ananifest y hen the softness of thy limbs was perceived ? jasamine &c, the objects unconnected ith the subject, are associated with one and the same attribute, that is, the quality of hardness Here, the ·44 तुल्ययोगिता। Equal Purring, second lind. Dr हिताहिते वृत्तितौल्यमपरा तुल्ययोगिता । Ex. प्रदीयते पराभूतिर्मिवशावक्योस्त्वया ॥ हिताहित in a friend ard foc france to the fricod and foc afetatert the sameness of ba tarefa immense nches (to a haviour friend) another परामूति defcat (to a foe) तुल्ययोगिता Equal Pauring दीयते is distributed. त्वया by thee Def. The description of the sameness of behaviour towards a friend and a foc is another kind of Equal Pairing. Ex (Oking ty, Parabuti is equally distributed by thee both to thy friend and to thy foe. u and yra are two separate words meaning 20- mense riches when applied to fnend', when taken as one word, पराभूति means 'defeat and applies to froe'; however the same word bewg used to friend and foe, this must be talen as instancing the figure without referring to its meaning . Observe --This is possible only under a pun. Equal Parring, thurd hind Dr गुगोशष्टः समीकृत्य वचोऽन्या तुल्ययोगिता ! Er. लोकपाली यमः पाशी श्रीदः शक्रो भवानपि ।

·दीपकम् । 45 एक মুখী with those possessed of superior qualities समीक्लत्य hrving placed on the same footing description another सुल्ययोगिता Equal Pairing यम God of death मवान् अपि Varuna Hubera Indra As well as thyself rogent of the quar ter (and the ruler of the carth वच लोकपाल Def The description of placing one object on a footing of equality with those possessed of superior qualities is termed a third Lind of Equal Pairing Ex (O Lord !) Yama, Pasi, Srida, Salra as well as thyself are ench a Lolapala Lokapāla = a regent or guardian of a quarter =? ruler of earth Yama-the God of death, the regent of the Southern quarter Pasi-Varuna, the regent of the Western quarter and of the oceans Srida -Kubera, the regent of the Northern quarter and the God of riches and treasure Sakra - Indra the regent of the Eastern quarter and the king of the Gods XV 1994-The 'Illuminator Dar asta quiquiat ahaa einai THT: Ex. मंदेन भाति कलम. प्रतापन महीपति.॥

·46 दीपकम् । #071191777 of objects on hand | | वदनि and thosc not on hand मदन ধর্ষন thc common atenbute wifa 27 the learned महीपति दोपत्रम् Illuminator प्रतायेन young clephant by schot shinc Lord of earth by rzlour Def When objects on hand and those not op hand are associated with a common attribute (medtioned only once), the learned call it the Illuminator Lx The young elephant shines by its chor and this lord of earth by his valour Here, the elephant, the object not on hand, and the hing, the object on bind, are together associated with one and the same attribute, the action of shining Just ng a lamp standing in one place illamines the sereral objects round it, so in the present figure one finito verb serves 18 predicate to two or more nomwa tives Compare the maxim of the lamp placed over & threshold EESTIT |17It takes its origin from a lamp hanging orer the threshold of a hope thich by its peculiar position, serves to light the rooms on both sides, and is used to denote something wluch serres ? two-fold purpose at the same time Apte In the Equal Puinn, No 1 (Fig XIV), the objects op hand if associated with one and the same attribute formed one kind of the figure, and the objects not on hand if associated with one and the same inttribute formed mother biod of the same figure (obserre the uord ay in the Definition) In the Illuminator, the objects og hand and those not on hand are together ·आत्तिदीपकम्। 47 associated with one common attribute mentioned only Olice, Ex rains XVI. आवृत्तिदीपकम्-The Illuminator by repetition. Dr विविधं दीपकाची भवेदात्तिदोपकम् । वर्षयंवुदमालयं धर्षत्येषा च शर्वरी ॥ दीपकासी in the repetition of in wi]] bo the Illuminator श्य बुदमाला this range of clonds विविधम् three kinds ति बानिदीपकम् INumustor by re एषा पर्वरोष and this night potition वर्षति looks like a year. विविधम् i.e, by repetition of I पद 'word', 2 अर्थ "signification' and 3 उभय 'both word and signification'. Def. By repetition of (1) word, (2) signification and (3) botlı, we have the three kinds of the figure आत्तिदीपकम्। Ex. This range of clouds rains and this night looks like a year. This is the example of No. 1 पदावति। Here, tho verb aufa, a 97, 13 repeated through with different significations. The first is the form of the third person, singular number, present tense of the root y 'to rain', and the second is the form of the third person, singular number, present tense of the nominal verb derived from the noun वर्ष 'n year'. Example of No. 2. अर्थावत्ति। उन्मीलंति कदंवानि स्फुटंति कुटनद्रुमाः। Kalambaiawers katays creepers ਕੁਲ blossom मुटन्ति Uloom forth, ·48 प्रतिवस्तूपमा। Es. The kadamba florers blossom and the kutaja creepers bloom forth. उन्मोलन्ति and स्फुटन्ति mean the same thing and me have here a repetition of signification. Example of No. 3. उभयात्ति । माद्यन्ति चातकास्तृप्ता माद्यंति च शिखावलाः। satinted शिपावसाः peacocks chataka birds माद्यन्ति সাবান rejoice वमा चातकाः rejoice Ex. The satiated chătaka birds rejoice and the peacocks also rejoice (at the sight of the clouds). Here, the same word gafa is repeated in the same meaning and henco it is called उभयाहत्तिदीपकम् । XVII. प्रतिवस्तूपमा-Typical Comparison. Dir. वाक्ययोरेकसामान्ये प्रतिवस्तूपमा मता। Ex. तापेन मानते सूरः शूरचापेन रानते ।। याचयी in the sense of) two the sun sentences दापन with intense beat एकसाभाचे if one common attri भाजते shunes bute (is expressed) शूरथ and this samo प्रनिकस्तूपमा Typical Cormpathson चपिन with (hus) bow मता is recognized looks brillant Def When, in tro sentences one of which describes the object compared and the other the object compared to, the same common attribute is expressed but by different words, it is termed Typical Com. parison.

·Etat ! 49 Es The sun shines with intense heat and this Warrior looks brilliant with his bov Hcrc, the actions of shining and looking brilliant, though mean the same thing, are espressed by different words to avoid the fault of repetition XVIII ZETT:—Exemplification Dsr चेदिम्बप्रतिबिंवत्वं दृष्टांतस्तदलकतिः । E: त्वमेव कीर्तिमान् रानन् विधुरेव हि कांतिमान्॥ चेन् *दाययो 1157 then if TETT Exemplification in the sense of two O king! sentences खमेव thou only farfafecta relation of type ofiary possessed of famo and prototype fayta fr moon only #1 radiant. Def If two sentences, one of which contains the object compared and the other the object compared to, stand in relation of type and proto type, or, in other words, contun similar attributes reflectively expressed, it is called Exemplification Er O hing' Thou art the only being possessed of fime and the moon is thx only object having radialice Here, possessing fame and haung radiance aro similar attributes and thic tno sentences stand in relation of type and proto type Ihe first sentence is cremplified by the second in which a renou ned object, the moon, N hoc rodinner 1199 been ctperienced Taken from the preselios vente ·Parcia । As crccllent, is employal N9 a (3pc. The difference between this figure and afaceant is that the common attribntcs here are sitnilar but in the latter thoy nro identicil. In tho afagaruh the couple of sentences terminntes in convoying the samo schgc ; nhilst in the cranıplo of tlic present figure the sentences have similar sense rcflcctiicly expressed and not tho same. XIX. fire ! Illustration (First kind.) Dr. वाक्यार्घयोः सहणयोरक्यारोपो निदर्शना । Ex. या दातुः सौम्यता सेयं पूर्वोन्दोरकलंकता । गरमपी set, similar दान in the significations #1 of two scntences सेयम् attnbution of dentity goxl: Illustration पसंकता which of a donor mundnes that stacit of tho fall noon stainlessness. एकारीप 41 Dof. A description, resulting in the identity of the significations, of two scntences, which aro simular, i.e., which terminate in a comparison or similarity, is called Illustration. Lt. That mild nature if possessed by a donor ansn ers to the stainlessness of the full moon * Here, the impossibility of the existence of the full moon without the black spot corresponds to the * In Sanskrit, the relative and corrolatıre clauses aro reckoned 4 to separate sentences.

·निदर्शना। 51 - non existence of a donor destitude of anger Thus, To see that the two sentences terminate in a com parison. The difference between this igure and the दृष्टान्त XVII is that in z similar attributes are stated whereas here they are not stated Here, the two sentences employed are dependent upon each other in their meanings but in the 21h they are independent 2nd kind of Illustration Der पदार्थ वृत्तिमप्येक वदंत्यन्यां निदर्शनाम् । Ex. त्वन्नेत्रयुगलं धत्ते लोला नीलांबुजन्मनोः । एके certarn writers on वदन्ति Ssy Rhetoric वनेत्रयुगलम् thy two eyes पदार्थहतिम्-पदार्थे in a thing मौलाबुजम्ममी of the two blue निम् एक्यारोपस्थितिम् the stato of lotuses being identical लौलाम् charmagness पन्याम् निदर्शनाम् another kind of bears Illustration M Def If a thing is described as bearing the property of another, then it is another kind of Illustra tror according to certain writers on Rhetoric Es (Lady 1) Thy two eyes bear the charming. ness of the two blue lotuses 3rd Lind of Illustration DEr अपरां बोधनं प्राहु. क्रिययासत्सदर्थयोः ६. नश्वेट्रानविरोधीति क्षीणं चन्द्रोदये तमः ॥

·52 निदर्शना। कियया तम असमदर्थयो moon बोधनम् पपरा by 11 action of a darkness certain object चद्रोदये at the nse of the of the unreal end real objects That the enemy of a king intirantion third kind of Illus TT ll perish tration इति so internating (the learned) call 1 चौपम् vanished. or moon ATE Def The intimation, by un agent engaged in s certain action, of the unreal and the real state of things signified by the action itself, it is termed the third hind of Illustration Ix "The enemy of a king (moon) will perish"- telling this, the darlness, on the ri e of the moon, vanished Here, the dar) ness is the agent in the act of intrmoting to the world the above fact, the result of its own experience which is certainly unreal This forms the example of unreal state of things Example of the real state of things उदयन्नेव सविता पद्मध्वर्पयति श्रियम् । विभावयन्ममृद्धोना फल सुहदनुयहम् ॥ सविता the sun विभावयन् (thus) intimating उदयन्द्रेव just when it rises 9999 on the lotuses TETSUKA rewarding the friends for splendour समीनाम् of ones riches अपयति फलम् the chef object Ex The clief object of one's having riches consists iu rulludm, luis friends'—thus intim itin:"(to tlo consigo ·व्यतिरेक , सहोति । 53 - world), the sun, just on its rise, consigns its owra treasures (splondour) to the lotuseg Here, the sun is the ngent in the act of intitnating to the world the above fact which is real as the lotuses bloom only on the rise of the sun XX afa -Dissimlitude or Contrast Ver व्यतिरेको विशेषशेटुपमानोपमेययोः । ६५. शैला इवोन्नता. सत. किंतु प्रकृतिकोमला ॥ उपमानोपमेधयो between the object) सत good people compared to und that | शैला व as mouutus compared उद्रता are high विशेष any pecul arity कितु but चित if asserted प्रकृतिकोमला are delicate by na- ध्यतिरीक D similitude or Con ture trast Def If any characterestic difference is asserted between the object compared to end that compared, then it is called Dissumilitude or Contrast Ex Good men are as high as mountains, but they (good men) are delicate by nature Here we see a similitude between the good men, upameya, and the mountains upamana in one respect and a dissimilitude in another respect XXI सहोक्ति । Connected Description or a Speech with 'with Der सहोति सहभावश्चेद्भासते ननरजन । हिंगतमगमत्तस्य कौतिं प्रत्याधिभिः सह ॥ Ex.

·54 faatlar चैत् बनरनन साभाव भासते ਬ af कीति famo pleasing to the pea refa for af together ith (hu) ples min1 foes simultaneity दिगतम् to the end of the shines forth quirters Connected Speech भगमन reached of that (king) Def A descnption of simultaneity or conjune tion which will excite a plezsing (poctical) delight in the people's (mind) 19 called the Connected Description Ex The fame of that king has reached the end of the quarters together with his foes Here, the renching of the fimo to the end of tho quarters is directly expressed and that of the foes is indirectly expressed by the word #I # denotes simultaneity of tro actions that arc of one and the same bind The idea conreyed in the present crampla is that both the hings famo and the enemics reachca the end of the quarters at the same time Thrus 110 sce that this figure consists in the description of simultaneous action connected watu 6) XXII fazifa -Specch of Absence or Speech with faite without DEr विनोतिधिना किंचित्यस्तुत हीनमुच्यते । Ex. विद्या हृद्यापि साऽवद्या विना विनयसंपदम् ।

·विनोति। 55 धेत् विचिदिना इधर अपि प्रस्तुतम कौनम् रुच्यते विनीति in the absence of some other thing the object on hand AS Inferior 19 represented Speech of Absence विद्या the lesrning though pleasing विनयमपदम् excellence of good behaviour विना without सा that, + e, the learning censurable Def When an object on hand is represented as inferior in the absence of some other object, it is termed the Speech of Absence Ex In the absence of excellent good bohaviour, the learning, though pleasing, is censurable. Speech of Absence, second kind. DEE तच्चेत्किंचिदिना रम्यं विनोक्तिः सापि कथ्यते । .. विना खलैविभात्येषा राजेंद्र भवतः सभा । किचिहिना t राजेंद्र the object on hand एषा without some thang| भरत else सुभा 23 charming खुल विना that too Speech of Absence विभाति 19 termed O best of kings! this of thy honour council hall in the absence of wicked persons shunes रायम. मापि विनीति कायत Def. When an object on hand is represented as charming in the absence of some other object, it is also called Speech of Absence best of kings! Thy counal hall shines splendid in the absence of Miched persons ·56 समासोति , परिकर । XXIII wretfai --Modal Betaphor oi Speecli of Bievity Der समासोक्तिः परिस्फूतिः प्रस्तुतेऽप्रस्तुतस्य चेत् । re अयमैंद्रोमुखं पश्य रक्तचुंवति चद्रमाः ॥ प्रस्तुते भषम् चद्रमा if in the description of an object on hand of an object not on hand apprehension Speech of Brevity this the moon red the face of the cstern quirter Asseg चाम्तुत ए ट्रीमुख परिस्फूर्ति समासोक्ति चुवति Beel ! Def If by the description of an object on Innd, an object not on hand 18 apprehended, or in other words, when the description of an object on hand convoys a reference to an object not on land, it is called Modal Metaphor Ex. My beloved I see, tus moon becoming red kisses the face of the Lastern (Indra's) quarter Here, by the use of the words--(1) उम्पति tho action of which belongs to a human being. (2) चन्द्रमा m the masculine gender and (3) ऐन्द्री in the femarfine gender, we understand that a lover, the subject of discourse, out of passion, hisses the face of some beautiful damsel residing in the cast + XXIV परिकर--Insinuator . DEr अलंकार. परिकरः साभिप्राये विशेषणे । rr. सुधांशुकलितोत्तंसस्ताप हरतु वः शिवः ।'

·परिकराकुरः। 57 been adorned by the Doon विषये of the epithet पाभिप्राय sigmfying the import पाकिर Insinuator figuro सुधांशलतीतस whose crest has शिव व तापम् हातु thc Gol Siri' Four misery remove Def Aspeech with epithets sigufying the inport (of the speaher) is termed Iosinuator. Et Let God Siva whose crest has been adorned with nectar rayed (moon) remove your misery (lit. mental heat) Here, the charming epithet Fuina matat: suggests that the heat is removable Thus figure occurs even when only one epithet is employed and when thnt opithet invests the verso with a peculiar charm agreeable to the effect like the present on XXV. aflatimit:-Sprout of an Insinuator. Ex. Der FTÍHOTO fajū J Haraftatigit: 1 agrii ya uraiai Erar augia: 11. foner, when the noun it'll tell the four armed God माभिप्राय mifying the tojmrt परिसर prout of Tent of the four objects Vishnu An Inst naator of bunian life दाता Gover मोन Der When the noun itself (ie, without cpithete) significe the mport of the speaker, it is called thic Sprout of an Inainuator. Ix. Tho four arme! God (Trsknu) - lle giver of the four principal objects of life $ ·58 ग्लेप 1 Four objects of life are ya 'merit', 'vealth', ETA 'enjoyment' and a liberation' Here, the word aan is one of the thousand names of the Lord Vishnu and is used here without cpithets The import of tho speaker is that God Vishnu alone (boing four arnied) is able to distribute the four objects of life TTEL held up XXVI -Paronomasia. Der art: ut autaufhgreti Ex सर्वदो माधवः पायात् स यो गंगामदोधरत् ॥ पायाभयास्पद relating to (1) य who an object on band, 79 the mountain Coran (2) AD object not on dhans hand and (3) both the earth मामार्ममय depending upon words | भदौधरन् having many mer सर्वदा always nings स उमाघर the husband of Uma Paronomasia the Lord Siva पायात समाधव the husband of 1 who Lakshmi, the Lord 777 the rzrer Ganges Vishnu पदीधरत् bore (on his head) पायात् may protect Def Paronowasia is the espression by words haviag more than one signification referring (1) to an object on hand, (2) to an object not on hund and (3) to both Es The all giver Madhavi who held up the mount un (Govardhana on his head) and the earth may protect (you) all giver tBay protect य ·59 or Thc Inusband of Umi (Sıva) who bore (on his ul) the river Ganges may protect (you) दो माधव may be split into (1) सर्वद माधव. and (2) सर्वदा उमाधव । गंगाम् may be split into (1) य. अग गाम् and (2) यः TIIT! Herç, both Madhavn and Umidhura are objects hand and thus is therefore the Example of No 1. Example of No % अलेन त्वन्मुखं तुल्यं हरिणाहितसक्तिना। मुखम् ment effected by the refragam सरिन by the deer in the form of deer ifrat cffected ofw attachment =) dਸ = ਯੋਜ by the moob having the attach 2 equal thy face the spot or thy face बुखम् by the lotus by the sun TIE is equal feneft having an attacle ment placed (Lady !) thy face resembles tho moon hwing an ittachment effected by the deer (in the forin of the pot) OT (Lady ) thy face resembles the lotus having an attachment effected by the sun (in the act of blooming at the duwn) Here, we 'moon' and we lotus' which are upamanas are both objects not on hand ·60 अग्रस्तुतप्रशंसा। Example of No. 3, Sztutaitata: alferitura: 1 : or Tere fratara: having profuso | Bergftalara. having a vas! cffusion of blood expense of water affusfa; the comunander of वाधिनीपति tbc lord of the rivers the army (BhIslima) (ocean) परमे shong समभ shone The commander of the army, Bluislima, shone by the profuse eflusion of blood or The Lord of the rivers, the occan, shone by the vagt expanse of water. Here, the commander Bhishma is the object on hand and the ocean is the object not on hand. among the birds C सा AD XXVII. 9747-Indirect Description. Dur. अप्रस्तुतप्रशंसा स्यात् सा यत्र प्रस्तुताश्रया। Ex. एक: कृती शकुंतेषु योऽन्वं शक्रान याचते ॥ where মন্ধন that (description of one only object not on (चातक) châtah hrdo hand) कृती fortunate one प्रस्तुमाया referring to an ob who Ject on land शशादन्य other than lodra अप्रनतमसा स्यात् is called Indirect न याचते never begy Description Def When the description of an object not on hand conveys a reference to an object ou land, it is called Indirect Description. } 2.

·प्रस्तुत कर । бr Es (The chātahı bırd) is the only fortunate one, among the birds, which never begs of any other than Indra, It is a known fact that châtaha bird lives on rain drops and that Indra is the bestower of rain Here, the object in question is a noble man who never begs of any man except the Indrn like king and this is conveyed through the description of a chātaha bird which is not the object on hand This is not varaft where a description of an object on hand conveys a reference to an object not on hand , whilst, in this figure, it is quite contrary XXVIII Hargit -The Sprout of Direct Description DEr प्रस्तुतेन प्रस्तुतस्य द्योतने प्रस्तुतांकुर. । Ex किं मुंग सत्या मालत्या केतक्या कण्टकेडया ॥ प्रस्तुतेन by (description of ) an object on hand rart at when there is the प्रस्तुतस्य of another) object Malatt flower On hand कण्टोइया full of tl orng योतने in the apprehension कैतक्या by the Ketahy সলুবন্ধুি (It is) the Sprout of a what the use Direct Description Def When the description of an object on hand conveys a reference to another object on hand, it is called Prastutankura Ex. O Beet What (15 the use of thy amuse ment), with the ſunblown) Ketakı full of thorns while thou hast here the Malatı (Jasamine) flower O bee ·62 पर्यायोक्तम्। गम्यश Here, a lady, by the description of the bec's act with the uablown Ketaki bud witnessed by her in hier pleasure garden indirectly intimates the same to her lover, the subject of discourse, who is at present in love with a maiden who has not yet arrived at puberty. N, B.The bee and the lover are both objects on hand. XXIX. waita -Periplırasis. DEr. पयायोक्तं तु गम्यस्य वचो भग्यतराश्रयम् । E. नमस्तम्म कृती येन मुधा राहुवधूकुची ।। of the fact intended R. fromage to be expressed येन by whom #reamnu4 referring to another T57 the breasts of Rāhu's by a turn of speech spouse the description पथ्यायोतम् Periphrasts झती were made. নষ্ট Def. When a fact intended to be intimated is conveyed by a circumlocutory speech, words, when a fact intended to be described is ex pressed by a turn of specch, or, if the intended fact is cxprcssed in a different manner, it is Periphrasis. Ex. Homago to him (God Vishnu) by wljon the breasts of Rahu's spouso were rendered useless. Here, the intended fact is that homngods to tho God Vishnu oply, because he was the killer of Rilu And thus rendered the breasts of Rahu's spouso use less and this fact bas been expressed by a turn of सुधा usclers to hin or in other ·63 even that (some) call घ्याजस्तुति । speech, ie, by different words which do not cxpress it but by words which suggest it, simply for the purpose of giving a particular strikingness to the descrip tton. Perphrasis second lind Dur पयायोक्त तदप्याहुर्यााजेनेष्टसाधनम् । Ex. यामि चूतलता द्रष्टुं युवाभ्यामास्यतामिह || च्याजेन under a pretext पहम् I यत् साधनम् the fulflment of भूतलनाम् thd mango creeper ONO sonn wish यामि ४० सदपि युवाभ्याम् by you botli पयायोकम् Periphrases hero पास्याम् shall be stayed Def Even the fulfilment of one's own wish under an artful pretext of doing some thing else 19 also called Periphrasis by some. Lovers! I depart hence for the purpose of seeing (my) mungo creeper and it shall be stayed here by you both Here, the speaker is a female messenger who having united her mistress with her intended lover departs from that place under the pretext of seeing her own chuta creeper so that the couple may freely enjoy in the absence of a third person xxx व्याजस्तुति -Artful Praise or Irony Dr उक्तियाजस्तुतिनिंदास्तुतिभ्यां स्तुतिनिन्दयो' । Et. कः खर्धनि ! विवेकस्ते नयस पापिनो दिवम् ॥

·64 argfa । fazjafava by (apparent) cen sure and praise fafazit of the praise and censure speech व्याजस्तुति Artful Praise खर्धनि । celestial Ganges! तं विवक क यत् 97197 दिवम् नयसे thy ju igment What because the sinners to the bennen take Def when (1) the praise 13 understood by appo rent censure and (2) censure by apparent prise, it 15 termed Artful Pruise Es O celestial river Gangī! Thou art devord of judgment in that thou convcyest the sinners to the heaven. This is the example of No 1. Here, the real pruse has resulted by tho apparent censure and it consists 1 representing the Ganga ng taking the winners to heaven provided they once bathe in her waters NB-Fara = 11a Efa Praise by an artı fice---when pause is understood by apparent censure, When censure is understood by apparent praise, 27151yfa is expluned as 137791 Ffa praise consis ting in an artifice or a pretended praise Example of No 2 साधु टूति पुनः साधु कर्तव्य किमत परम् । यन्मदर्ये विलूनासि दतैरपि नखैरपि ॥

·व्याजनिन्दा। 65 UTY पत परम् fara messenger 1 well than this Wliat other good again mar यन् मदर्थ दतैरपि TOTIS faqat safe to be done becanse on my account even by the teeth even by the nails wast injured साधु पुन this can ?guin Well (done) messenger I what other good than be done, because thou on my account, wast injured even by (my lover's) teeth and ouls Here, the speaker a lady pining under separation sent her maid servant as a messenger to her lover and on seeing her returning with marks, in her body of her having toged with her (lady s) lord, censures her under pretest of Prirse saying that she (Indy) wis saved by her (the maid servant) from the injury by her lord's teeth and nails whereas in fact she was angry when she saw her servint coming single without her lord and was more angry when she observed on her body the marks of Berual intercourso with lier oun lord Hence a censure resulted in tho apparent praise V B - This is not quauht (XXVII), for, in it, there is no strıkingness consisting either in censure or praise XXXI tufa-Aitful Censure Dr निंटाया निंदया व्यतिांजनिंदेति गीयते । 2. विध स निंद्यो यस्ते प्रागैकमेवाहरझिर. ॥ 9 ·66 990: 1 । took Away 1 दिया by censure fau: is to be censored निदाया: : of ceasure who ww; manifestation a thay व्यानिंदा Artlul Censuro पा formerly 23 एकमेव only one सोयने ie called ferr: head creator he Def. When an apparent consure (of an object not on hand) results in the consure (of an object not on haad), it is Artful Censure. Ex. O Creator | he (Sisa) is to be censured-he that has lopped off only one head of thine formerly. Here, the speaker, a poor man in very distressed circumstances, fancics himself that, if all the five Heads of the God Bralımā fere lopped off by Sivan then both the creator and the sufferings of the created trould have been simultaneously put an end to. Instead of directly censuring the God Brahmā, the creator, the object on hand, the speaker censured the God Siva, the object not on band, in having impru. dently suffered the other four heads of Brahma to remain. XXXII. pag:-Hint. Dur प्राक्षेप: स्वयमुतास्य प्रतिषेधी विचारणात् । i Ex. चंद्र! संदर्शयात्मानमवास्ति प्रियामुखम् ।। भयम् by selt self सामानम् told or espressed संध्यय show or, discover বিহ্মংপ্তান on deliberation or, or why प्रतिषेध मियामुखम् face of (my) beloved otaq. qfa L एनन्य एथवा denial Iliat O doon! is.

·प्राप। 67 Why? not of her तथा Def. A dopral, after some deliberation, of what has been expressed, is called Hint. O moon' Discover thy self (to me) Here is the face of (my) beloved Here, we see only a gemblance of denial This figure is distinct from the Concealment (XI) where the property of an object on hand is denied and that of another not on hand is superimposed upon it, A second kind of Hint Dur निषेधाभासमाक्षेपं वुधा: केचन मन्यते । Er. नाहं दूतो तनोस्तापस्तस्याः कालानलोपमः । Bomo poets था learned people निषेधाभासम् semblance of adenialतनी of the body पावपम् कालादलीपम resembling tho des मन्यते regard ** go-between fever of separation. Dof Some learned people regard the semblanco of a denial as the figure Ilint Ex I am no go betiveen but the love-fever (residing in) her (mistress') body, resembling the destructive fire at the end of the world Here, tho character of a person that of the go. between, is denied The fact of escessi e hardship, experienced by the lady under the pings of separa tion, sbich was intended to be consezed by the between, the speaker, is suppressed in order to guest more strikingly that tho lady is sure to die of her lorer delays even for a moment in meeting ber Hlint tructive fire at the end of the world 1 ताप ·68 विगेधामाम.। commianul or permi ' 33100 कम מת may les A third land of Print Dr धानेपोऽन्यो विधी व्यर निषेधे च तिरोहित । Ex. गच्छ गच्छसि चेत्कांत! तवैव साम्ननिर्मम । विधी lorer. मरासिन् l thougest # ca apparent And the dem निरोक्तेि when hiddea kort! Another Lind नांक Inthan पाक्षेप Ilint छात् Def When the perisyon (to do sonu things 29 apparent (111 words) but the denu! (to do that thing) 19 hidden it is n tlurd kud of ITint Lx Departeat (thou), my love, if thou art det " mined to go, and in my rebirth take place in that same place (where thou lhast gone) ) Here, tho apparent permazion of gona grintel In the lady fuckeye' n clar prolibist:on the mannen cou eyed there by being that the loser ought to d 100 froin departing from her pre-clice XXXIII विरोधाभास or पिरोध --Contrruitction D, पाभानव विरोधम्य विरोधामान इप्यते । ir विनापि सन्धि । हाल योनी तय कि ·विभावना। 69 Def When an incongruity (between two things) 19 apparent (in words*), then it is called Contradiction Ex. O slender lady' thy breasts though devord of perrt necklace are set possessed of pearl necklaces, ze, are yet charming Here, the apparent contradiction is to be explained by taking the word giftat in the sense of 'Charming' only. XXXIV विभावना-Peculiar Causntion Dur विभावना विनापि स्यात्कारणं कार्यजन्म चेत् । Ex. अपि लाचारसासित रक्त त्वच्चरणहयम् ॥ TO fant fe though without em 13 called causo वहरणारयम् thy two feet कार्यभन्म चेत् I the production of / लादारमाभितम् अपि though not the effict take place dged with red lac Peculiar Causation fata • Def When tho production of an effect is ro. presented as being without cause, it is Peculiar Causa. tion L Lady! thy two fect aro red though they were not dyed with red lae Here, the contradiction in the red feet without its cause, the lac, 13 due to the redness of the lady's foet being natural. Therefore, yº sçe that the proje ide 13congruity u to be femored by tiplunid; the words with buttbo pan ·70 विभावमा। duction of an effect in the absence of its cause is not inconsistent in as much as the denial of & knowo cause suggests that the effect produced must be natural or is due to some other hidden cause. A second kind of Peculiar Causation. Der. हेतूनामसमग्रले कार्योत्पत्तिश्च सा मता। Ex. अस्वैरतीक्ष्णकठिनै गज्जयति मन्मथः । নুমান of the causes मन्मथः God of love १.मयत्वे when incomplete anafaa. neither sharp Dor attafe: the production of an hard effect by weapons also সবা the world साभता is termed that Pecu- stafa conquers, liar Causation' Def. When the production of an effect is represented as having taken place while its croses arc apparently incomplete, (to produce such an effect), then it is the second kind of Peculiar Causation. Er. By weapons, neither sharp nor hard, the God of love conquers the whole world. Here, the conquest of the world by the God of lova is represented as baving taken place though his weapons are neither sharp oor hard (being only fire flowers) and are therefore quite inadequate to produce such an effect. The contradiction here must be removed by the supposition of some superhuman causo specially gifted by the Supreme Spirit.

·विभावना। 1 71 an sataon A third kind of Peculiar Causation Dev कार्योत्पत्तिस्त तीया सा सत्यपि प्रतिबंधके । Ex. नरेंद्रानेव ते राजन् दशल्यसिभुजंगमः ॥ प्रतिबंधक when an impediment thy सत्यपि though present sfers word serpent 1€, काय पनि production of the serpent in the effect form of the sword इसीया third Lind गरेंद्रान् एव only the curers of that- Pecular Cau poisong or kings হয়নি bates স। O Lig 1 Def When the production of an effect is said to have taken place though there was an impediment (to such an effect), it is the third kind of Peculiar Causation Ex O king! thy sword serpent bites only Narendran, 8 eu, curers of poisons only (lit kings) To =king=dealer in antidotes Here, serpent biting the curers of poison implies an impediment to the effect Fourth kind of Peculiar Causation Dur Arth agaf ITEHITAT | Ex Testa THIETSIEER HECHTÆ । प्रकारपात् from different causer from a conch shell 4717 production of 77 thts effect ATT sogad of a luto fourth kind proceeds विभावना Pecular Causation मातम् great wonder + AD ·72 विभावना। Def. When the production of an effect is represented as being from a different cause, or, more literally, from a similar cause, it is the fourth kind of Peculiar Causation. Ex. It is a great wonder that this musical sound of a lute proceeds from a conch-shell (i.c., conch-shell-like neck of a damsel). We know that a conch-shell cannot produce the sound of a lute and therefore tbis is a Peculiar Causation. N.B.--We have a metaphorical Hyporbole in sle, the upamāna, because it was used for its upanesa, the neck of a damsel. cause an Fifth kind of Peculiar Causation. Der. विरुद्धात्कार्यसंपत्ति टा काचिदिभावना। Ex. शीतांशुकिरणास्तन्वी हंत संतापयन्ति ताम् ॥ facit from an incongruous IT ains ? maturer: moon's (cool raped) कार्यसंपत्तिः production of rays effect ताम् that काचित a certain kind सचीम the slender lady विभावमा Peculiar Causntion महापयन्ति infame. TET is seen Def. When the production of an effect is produced from an incongruous cause, i.C., from a cause quite innsite to the real ono, it is the fifth kind of Peculiar Causation, E«. Alas I tho rays of the moon (lit. coal rayed) inflamo that slender lads, ·विभाधना। 73 This is the state of a dimsci, tho object on hund, pining under separation from her lover. The rays of the moon have a peculiar charm of erciting the passions of such women and therefore it is said so. Sixth kind of Peculiar Causanon Der कार्याकारणनमामि दृष्टा काचिदिभावना। x यगः पयोरागिरभूत्करकल्पतरोस्तव ॥ thy कायात् कारणजम्म चपि काचित् fax GET from an effoct production of a causa also & certain hind Peculiar Causation EFT all hand Lalpatroc 18, wish yiel imng treo 10 the form of the hand যয় বীঘি occan of famo पभूत IS produced IS Beca Der When the causo is said to have been produced from its effect, it is also termed Peculiar Causation Ix. O hing! An ocean of fame lias been fornted out of thy hind halpataru (118h yielding treo in the form of thy hand) Here, the hing referred to is Karni renowned for huis liberal donations. The kalp treo tas produced from the occin at tho tuno of churning Here, tho Lalptrce in the form of the king's hand 18 sud to bo the cause of thc ocean in the form of the hing's fame for his unioni libcrality 10 ·74 रिशेपोक्ति असमव । XXXV faäaifa -Peculiar Allegation Du कार्याननिर्विशेषोक्ति सति पुष्कलकारखे । ix एदि रोहचयो नाभूतमरदीमे ज्वलत्यपि । মুলা सति दायानि चलचपि abandant car o when tl cro 13 non product on of an eft ct I ecul ar Allegation In the heart though burning d minut on of ou (affection) did not take place. निजी परदीप न भूत cup d fump Def The non production of an effect when there existed abundant cause (for the same) 18 called Pecu liai Allegation Ex The diminution of oil (lit. affection) did not tal e place in the Heart (of this Indy pining under separation) eren though the cupid lamp is burning (there) Here the burning of the cupid lamp the cause Is present and yet the effect, the dimination of oil is represented as not taking place The contradiction cin, however, be remored by explaining the word सेह in the sense of affection' only XXXVI असभव-Improbability Der असंभवोऽर्थनिष्पत्तेरसंभाव्यत्ववर्णनम् । Er. को वैद गोपशिशुक शैलमुत्पाटयदिति ॥

·Tofa: 1 75 भसभव vyf 108 of the accomplish गोपगिक this shepherd boy meat of an object 196 the mountain गीयर्डन W12TH the description of seizufafat would have eradicated impossibility क who Improbability देद knету Def Improbability is the description of the accomplishment of a truly impossible act Ir. Who knew that this shepherd boy would have eradicated the Mountain Govardhana The shepherd boy is the Lord Krishnu who lield up the Mountain Govardhana for seven days as a large umbrella shelter his beloved Gopi and cattlo from the lieavy and incesent rain cruscd by Indru to delugo the Gokula, the land of the shepherds XXXVII Disconnection Dur विरुई भिन्नदेशवं कार्यहेलोरसंगतिः । Ex विषं जलधरै. पोतं मूर्छिता पथिकांगमा' । कार्य हवी of the elect and the farm poison (lit water) causo Glan was drunk fax . inconsistent पधिकांगमा the consorts of the fHaCA7TH different loertion tras cllers पसंगति Disconnection मूषिता fainted जलधर by the clouds Dcf The description of the cffect and the cause as inconsistent and is occupying different locations, is teruca'Disconnection Tho poison (ht water) w drun) by the clouds and the consorts of the trarellers fainted.

·76 असंगति । Thus figure is only an exception to the ornament of Contradiction (XXXIII) and not Coutradiction itself, Ifhero the matual consistency of two objects resides in ono placo, but in this figuro in two different places Tho drigking of poison (water) by the clouds and its effict, the frinting of the consorts, take place in tvo different localities It is a contention of poets th16 the women are affected at the sight of the clouds in the rainy season being separated from their lovers who therefore hasted to meet their beloved Sccond and third kinds of Disconnection अन्धन 3747 DEr 2n! अन्चत करणीयस्य ततोऽन्यत्र कृतिश्च सा। DCP 3 अन्यत्कर्तु प्रवृत्तस्य तबिरुद्धकृतिस्तथा ॥ u in Apother place to do करवीयर of a thing to be dono प्रतिस्थ of a person engaged तत other ti in a facrafer tho accompiu.hment another placo quite contrary to the afa 9 accomplishment too above that, te Disconnea BO, LE the figure Distson connection 4747 another (thing) Def Then the accomplishment or cffect of an object to be produced in a certain locality 13 represented 28 haring taken place in a quite different locauty, it 19 called the second kind of Disconnection Def An incongruous effect of an object obturned by an arent engaged to do a quite different thing is terrued uurit kind of Disconnection ·असंगतिः। ! 77 Example of the second kind of Disconnection. अपारिजातां वसुधां चिकीर्षन् द्या तथाऽकृथाः । (m) (Lord Krishna) चिकीर्षन् wishing to do ४ सुधा the earth the paradise *अपारिजानाम् devoid of पारिजाद तथा पकया. did so or परिजात Lord Krishna who wished to make the earth Apārijātā devoid of the multitude of foest made the celestial world so 3.e. guftstat devoid of Pārijāta tree. Pärijata is a celestial tree produced at the churning of the milky-ocean. Krishna at the request of one of his wives Satyablāmă carried off this trea from Indrn's garden (Nandana). A conflict cnsued between Indra and Krishna in which the latter was victorious. The tree was brought to the city Dvīrakā and was planted in the Satyabhāma's pleasuro-garden. N. B.—This figure is possible only under a pun. गोवोहारप्रवृत्तीपि गोत्रीदं पुराकरोः ॥ ++POATA = 777-free from afar-sasemblage of focs LET T-raking the crth devoid of the multitude of focs. 00t+To Pirits troof gifest 2017 maling tho produse devoid of 'frijita tron. + परित्राणाय माधना बिनाभाय च दुप्यताम् । धर्मशापनाय संभवामि युगे युगे। 1 For the protection of ibe pool and for the destruction of the wicked and for the establutment of the nightcodanest I am voru 10 every Yurt ·78 विषमम्। ! (O lord Vishnu गोवोदिम् the splitting of the mitatafo though engaged carth in raising the earth पुरा formerly पकरी thou didst O Lord Vishnu! formerly though thou tert engaged in the raising of the earth, thou didst (the opposite, i.e.) the splitting of the carth (by the foot-prints of the Varāla). This refers to the third incarnation of Vishnu in the form of a boar in order to raise the earth which was immersed in water. After raising the earth le walked on the earth and the foot prints made by him are referred to here. XXXVIII. H–Incongruity. Dr विषमं वर्ण्यते यत्र घटनाऽननुरूपयोः । Ix. dici fratuzatil a TECHASTIT: || where इयम् thus (lady) 979994. of two incongruods where (things) नाटक thnt combination मदनचर. . love fever or torments वर्षात 29 described of God of love where. विषमम् Incongruity शिरोपसहगो haring the body soft as the Sir Isha flower यव . - Def. Vishana is a figure where a combination of tro incongruous things is described. Ex. Where this lady with body as soft as tho Sirisha flower and where these torinents or forcr of the God of love.

·विषमम्। 79 Here, we see the incongruity or incompatiblo relation of two things which arc opposed to each other, i.e., the Dature of the God of love is quite opposed to the nature of the lady, under description, whose body is soft as the Sirisha flower. मसूते Second kind of Incongruity. Dr विरुद्धकार्यस्योत्पत्तिरपरं विषमं मतम् । Ex. कोर्ति प्रसूते धवलां श्यामा तव कपाणिका ॥ विरुइकार्यस्थ of the opposite effect ध्यामा dark एन्पति production पाषिका sword पपरम् another kind धवलाम् white विषमम् Incongruity कोति fame मतम् is considered produces thy Def. The production of an effect from an incongruous cause is considered a second kind of Incongruity Or in other words, when the quality of the effect is opposed to that of its cause, it 18 Incongruity. Ex. O king! Thy dark sword produces a white fame. Here, we havo white fame arising from the dark sword which has been figured here, as the cause in contravention to the general convention that the quality of an effect must conform to its cause. Third kind of Incongruity. Dxr अनिष्टस्याप्यवाप्ति तदिष्टार्थ समुद्यमात् । Ex. भक्ष्याशयाहिमंजूपां दृष्ट्राखस्तेन भवितः ॥

·80 समम्। इष्टार्थ समुधमाम् from an endeavour HEUTE with the love of made for & desired getting some catalles object पमिंजषाम् the snake basket पनिटश्य पपि of an undesired ob-Jहा hasin sen ject (afaz:) (enterol) fa: attainment तन by it FTCE it, s.e., Incongraity भक्तिः Tras devourel पासः rat Def. The attainment of an undesired object from an endeavour made for & desired one is termed the third kind of Incongruity. Or in other words, when a desired object for which an endeavour is made is, not obtained but, on the contrary, an unfarourablo result is obtained, it is the third kind of Incongruity. Ex. The rat seeing the snake-baskot (enterol into the same) in the hope of obtaining sonc catables and was itself deroured by it (snake). Here, the object of tho rat to obtnin sone eatables for it by boring tho basket was not attained and it became a pray to the hungry sonke lying in the basket XXXIX. 57. Tlc Equal. DEr. समं स्यादर्णनं यत्र इयोरप्यनुरूपयोः । Ex खानुरूपं कृतं सा हारण कुचमण्डलम् ॥ where mis by the pearl steklo 9999 T: of two eyncable 9857 the circular bogus objets E555 worthy of ideelt बसनम् description ममम् ciacich is 61 The Exoal ·समम्। 81 Dof. is the description of the combination of two agreeable objects. . Es The circular bosoms were selected by the penri necklace as the (fit) place worthy of itself, Second Lend of समम् । Dar सारूप्यमपि कार्यस्य कारणेन समं विदुः । Ex. नीचप्रवणता लमि। जलजायास्तवोचिता। कार्यस्थ of the effect जलजाया born of water कारपीन Ly the cause सव thy साइप्यम् अपि sameness also नौचावणक्षा resorting to the low समम् Equal peaple विदु know चिता 19 worthy O Goddess of riches! • सकि! Def. The sameness of an effect with its cause is termed a second kind of Sama O Goddess of riches ! Thy character of resorting to the low (people) is worthy of thyself born of water. The Goddess Lakshmi was produced at the churaing of the Ocean Here, the character of Lakshmi is said to be the same as that of its cause, the water which naturally flows in a low direction Third land of समम् । Dry विनानिष्टं च तत्सिद्दिर्यमर्च कर्तुमुद्यमः । युनो वारणलाभोऽयं स्थान ते वारणाधिनः ॥ Ex.

·84 अपम्। as पृथ्वाधेयात् than the rast contained वव where यत् which theve श्राधाराधिक्यम् the description of व thy the containant good qualities exceeding विशामति come to an end सदपि it too वागमन the spoceh Branko that, he, Exceeding Vedas मसम् is regarded ব্ধিয় how great Def. When the containant itself is described as vaster than the vast contained, then we have a second kind of Exceeding. Ex. How great is the speech Brahman = Vedas, whero all these thy good qualities come to an end, i c., become completely described. XLII. अल्पम्-Smallness Dur अल्प तु सूक्ष्मादाधेयाद्यदाधारस्य सूक्ष्मता ॥ Ex. मणिमालोमिका तेऽदा नपमालायते करे ॥ भूमान भावात् small today than tho object con न thy tained in the land या vluch मधिमासीमिक्षा ring naduith भाधारघ of the containant Prrerous stonce सूचना Emallness जपमालायत becomesaruary अपम् Smalincsy Def When the containint 19 described as smaller than tho object contained hicit is ronlls very small, it is called Smallness. Es Lady 1 Thy ning olid with precious sloncs Liay beconie to day a roolry in tlig hund.

·अन्योन्यम् । 85 Here, the thinness of the hand or the finger which contained the ring is meant. The lady under description was suffering from the pange of seperation from her lover on a certain day and so her hand or finger, the containant, became so thin that the ring, the object contained, became greater than the hand, the containant, and served as a rosary. XLIII. Waitą- The Reciprocal 1ner. अन्योन्वं नाम यव स्याटुपकारः परस्परम् ॥ Ex बियामा शशिना भाति शशो भाति बियामया। विक्षमा Whero परम्परम् mutual उपकार benefit ANT (na) thcro waita774 # tho figuro Reciprocal the night by the moon Looks splendid the moon by the right looks splendid भाति मशी वियामया called भाति IS Def. When two things benefit cach other (by doing tho samo act causing cach other's beauty), it is the Reciprocal Es. The night is splendid by the presence of) tlo moon and the moon looks splendid on account of the night. Here, the night and tho moon beautify cach other. Tho night is the causo of the moon looking splendid and the moon is the cause of the night looking aplendid ·wluch thing उबम समम् 82 विचित्रम् । यम् अधम् वारणाधिन sceling for an elephant कर्तुम to do ते thiy endes voor भयम् this पनिटम् विना without an obstacke | वारणलाभ attainment of are समिद्धि the accomplishment of (impediment) that FRITT Is it not worthy the Equal Def The acromplishment, without any obstacle, of an object for which an effort has been made, is termed a third hind of Sama. Ex. Friend! Is not this acquisition of () impediment worthy of thee that sought for an elephant (वारण). This is possible only under a pun The speaker here is a person that went to his ling for an elephant He was obstructed by the door Leeper of the Ling's palace and this was addressed in jest by his (speakor's) brother in law who accompanied him saying that this area (impediment) is equal to that arcu (elephant) sought for XL विधिवम्-Strange Dr विचिवं तव्ययवशेदविपरीतफलेच्या । 1 Ex नमंति संतस्बैलोक्यादपि लब्धं समुन्नतिम् ॥ the good peoplo विपरीतपश्या with a desire toमादपि higher obtain its opposito triple world efect Egurra cxalted portion an codearoar to Atisia mt that ममनि bow dost Strogo ·अधिकम्। 83 Def If an endeavour is made by a person desiring to attain the exact opposite cffect, it is called the Strange Ex. The good people bow down for tho purpose of attaining an exalted position higher than the triple world Here, the act 18 bowing down and the desired effect 1s elevation over the triple world XLI. अधिकम्-Exceeding mr अधिकं पृथुलाधारादाधेयाधिक्यवर्णनम् ॥ Ex. ब्रह्माडानि जले यत्र तत्र मांति न ते गुणाः ॥ तव in that युवाधारात् than tho more spact यत्र जले in which water ous contannarit चांडामि the mundane worlds पधेिपाधिस्वर्ण मम् the description of the contained as ते thy greater merits अधिकम् The Exceeding म मावि do not contain Def When the object contained 18 described us Yaster than the contunant itself (which is really moro apacious), it is termed the Liceeding Ex Jordi The Baters which contain these mundano worlds could not contain (12thin themselses all) thy good qualities Second kind of Exceeding Drr पृथ्वाधयायदाधाराधिक्यं तदपि तगाराम् । कियहागब्रह्म यवैते विधाम्यति गुगाराम ॥

·86 विशेष । the sun 1e, XLIV fata --The Extraordinary DEr विशेष स्यातमाधार विनाप्याधियवर्णनम् । Ex गतेऽपि सूर्ये दीपस्थास्तमश्छिदंति तत्कराः । यासम well know भाघारम् the containant मोपरि 1) oogh set বিলাৰি even without दौपम्या abiding in the lamp पाषयवनम् the description of the तकरा' its (sun s) ras* object contained सम the darkness विमेष Extraordinary expel. Def The description of something dependent, the object contained as existing without its well known supporter, ie, the containant, or in other words the representation of tho independent existence of the object contained without its supporter on which it deponds, is termed the Extraordinary Ex Though the sun has set in, yet its rays abiding in the lamp oxpel the darhaces The statement that larups expel the darkness only by the rays of the sun which has gone to the other side of the earth is Estraordinary NB_The Vedas declare that the lustro of tho sun enters the fire in the evening Comparo Raghu yansa, IV सराय गुरुणादत्तं प्रतिपयाधियां दी। दिनाम् निहित तेज सविवेव सागर I HC (Ragbu) obtained the kingdom giren by (hus) fatlier and shone the more just as the fire that got the lustro deposited with (t!) by tho san at the close of the day ·विशेष 87 NB-Tor Vedic quotations on this, so the Dallınātha's com mcutary on the verse 1f in one Second kind of the Extraordinary Dxr विशेषः सोऽपि यीक वस्त्वनेकत्रवर्ण्यते । Ex. अंतर्वहिःपुरःपशात्सर्वदिवपि सैव मे ॥ यदि out object in the front बनेकन in many places पथात् behind दखते is described में सदिश पnि all the direc सोऽपि that too tons विशेष the Extraordinary संघ only she, Def If one and the same object is described as cxisting in zwany places, it 19 also termed the Extraordinary Ex. In my mind, in the outside, in the front, behind my back, in all the directions too (wherever I turn my face), only she (my beloved) appears (to mo). Hero, one single object is said to exist uniformly in many places NB-Although these as trell as certain other reprosentations are impossiblo and opposed to ordinary cxperience, yet they are said to have been represented as possiblo only metaphorically. Thard Lind of the Pztraordinary Drr किंचिदारंभतोऽशक्यवस्त्वंतरकृतिय सः । Er. वो पश्यता मया लब्धं कल्पद्रुमनिरीक्षणम् ॥

·88 व्याघात । the per मया 8 किचिन् I certam (act) at thec भारत commencing to do पश्यता seeing Matafor even by me formance of another recuperate the siglot of this impossible act talpa tree the Extraordinary धम् Was got: Def. When some one who has commenced to do an act chances to do another impossible act (uncon nected with the former), it is the third Lind of the Extraordinary Lx By seeing you, (O king') I got the sight of the wish yielding tree of the paradise Here, the speaker who first commenced to do an act, e, seeing the king, the liberal donor, says that he has seen the kalpa tree (instead of sceing the hing himself Tho has now been identified by the speaker with the kalpa tree) of the paradise very dificult to abtain XLV. 9,-Frustration Dur स्थायाघातोऽन्यथाकारि तथाकारि क्रियेत चेत् । Ex यैनंगमीयते हंति तैरेव कुसुमायुधः ॥ 6 by which (lowers) तथा कारि tho tung which pro-1 1 the world ducesta natural effectulua ts please] बन्यधाकारि as the one which pro- २ by the same (Avery) deces another cffect कुसुमायुष the Huwerabatte fa is represented God of love 9 BTT it Frastration Fa tonnents Def. When a thing shich produces the estab. lished result, t e., the effect patural to its cause is ·व्यावात । 89 represented to have produced the exact opposite result, it is called Frustration Ex By the (sime) flowers by which the people of the world become pleased Cupid (lit flower shafted God of love) torments the world Here, the effect, 20, tormenting is produced by the flowers—the cause, which are well known to produce r quite opposite one, ze , plersure Hence this is called Frustration on account of the frustration of an established effect already fulfilled in an object Ex Sccond kind of Trustration Dar सौकर्येगा निबद्धापि क्रिया कार्यविरोधिनी। दया चेहाल इति मध्यपरित्याज्य एव ते ॥ atau with facility बाल इति on account of being fa* begun a boy किया दया चेत् if (thou bast) com कायविरोधिनी the contrary of passion thnt Act a अपि (ere) algo पपरित्याग्य एवं cannot be aban (III) Trustration doncu an act by theo मयि . on me Def If certain act commenced (by one) on the ground of its being freile turns out contrary, it is the second hind of Frustrition Er O King! If thou last compission on me, then I, being a boy, should not be abandoned here (now by thee going to brttle field) This as said by n crown prince to this king going to war. Thc hing seems to have ashed liim to stay 19 ·90 कारणमाला। at home for le being a boy could not bear the terrible toils of a battle field. The crown-prince mentions the same reason to accompany the king for he being 3 youth must go to the war and become skilled in the arts of war, or, as one commentator says, he (the youth) could not bear the separation from the king. Thus we see the frustration of the object which the king had at first, FT: कारपमाला XLVI. RECHTI-Garland of Causes. Dr. गुंफः कारणमाला स्याद्यथाप्राक्प्रांतकारणैः । Ex, नयेन श्री श्रिया त्यागस्त्यागेन विपुलं यशः ॥ #1919710. by the causes RI is called in which a preceding to by morality. object is spoken of wealth as the causc of the frat by wealth succeeding one donation y** Arrangement mats by donation Garland of Causes विपुल यम wide fame Def. When & preceding object is spoken of ns the cause of one succeeding it, which in turn is spoken of as the cause of what comes next and so on, it is termed the Garland of Causes. Es. From morality Fealth (1s acquired); from wealth, the donation; from donation, the wido fame. IIere, the morality mentioned first is spoken of as the cause of the sacceeding object, the scalth, which in turn is spoken of as the cause of donation, etc. This figure occurs also when one object, nuentioned afterirards, is spoken of as the cause of what precedes and so on. .

·एकावली। 91 Ex भवन्ति नरका. पापात् पायं दारिद्रासंभवम् । दारिद्रामप्रदानेन तस्मादानपरो भव । (People) go to hell on account of (their) sin , sin results from poverty, poverty from non giving. Therefore (friend) be always munificient XLVII. एकावली-The Necklace DEr गृहीतमुक्तरीत्यार्थथेगिरेकावली मता। Ex. नेवे कातविथाने कौँ दोस्तंभदोलिती ॥ दोस्तंभी जानुपर्यंतप्रलंबनमनोहरौ। जानुनी रत्नमुकुराकार तस्य महोभुन । . ears . यकीनमुक्तरीत्या शेषि series of suf afagia extending as far as statements in which tle unre ench succeed ng thing | कों 19 taken as an attra efeat exten1 ng as far as bute of each pieced tl e post-like arms ing thing and then | दोसभी post-like arms made to cease as नानुपयंतालयनमनोहरा charming on such Bccount of their exten एकाकली मक्षा 1s considered the sion as far as the kacey Nechlice आनुनी ADMI सम्य महोभुन of that king reagar apk tring liko jewelled cyes miriors, Def Success11 series of statenients made in a minner in which each succeeding thing is tihen (ग्टहीत) as an attribute of each preceding thing ind that thing which was first taken as an attributes ·92 एकावली। enrs made to cease (1) as such by being afterwards mado a subject and qualıfied by another succeeding thing and so on, it 13 the Nechlace The eyes of that king extend as far as tho His ears extend as far as luis post like arms His post-liko arms are charming their extension as far his knees. And lus kness are, in appearance, jewelled mirrors Here, the cars are taken 18 un attribute of the preceding thung, the cyes, arms of the cars, Inees, of arms, and the mirrors, of the knees In this example, a preceding thing is qualified by thic succeeding thing affirmatrzels In the following crimple, the thing mentioned first 19 qualified dega tively by what follows न तज्जलं यन्न सुदारुपतजं न पड्वज तद यदलोनषट्पदम् । न षट्पदोऽसौ न जुगुञ्ज यः कलं न गुञ्जितं तन्न नहार यन्मनः ॥ Bhattı Karya, f1 19 There 19 Downter on which there were no beautiful lotusses there is not a lotus in the interior of which there was not bee reposing. there is not a Lec wlich lummcd not su eetly, and there was not a hum wluch did not attract the mind Herc, of water, lotuses must be considered as denud, of lotuses, lccs, of lees, humming, and of hummuthuy, attraction ·मालादोपकम् सार । 93 XLVIII मालादीपकम् ---The Seral Illummator DER दीपकैकावलीयोगान्मालादीमकमुच्यते । Ex स्मरेण हृदये तस्यास्तेन त्वयि कृतास्थिति ॥ दीपक काबलीयोगात् from a combi by Capid धरेष nation of the figures | ससा हृदये the Illuminator and frafa the Necklace हाता मालादीपकम् the Serial Illuminator लेन 29 called वय in her heart Betting ones foot was made by him in thee Def A combination of the figures, दीयकम् (Illuminator XV) and एकावली (Necklace XLII), is called the Serial Illuminator, Or, in other words, tho Serial Illuminator is that wherein a number of different objects is successively associated with one and the same attribute Ix Cupid set his foot in the heart of that lady, , and by it, ze, the heart of the lady, in thee This is addressed to a lover by a go between sent by her mistress pining under separation Here, the one and the same attribute स्थिति कता being associated with two objects प्रकृत and अप्रकृत, it is the Illuminator and by ग्रहौतमुक्तरीत्या of the lady's heart, it is the Necklace (see the preceding figure) Thus, we have a blending of the two XLIX. सार-The Climax . bur उत्तरोत्तरमुत्कर्षः सार इत्यभिधीयते । E. मधुरं मधु पीयुषं तस्मात्तस्मात्कवच. ॥

·94 यथासस्यम्। सारोत्तरम् successively सत्कर्ष Excellence सारप्रति the figure Climax पभिधीयते 19 called मधु honcy मधुरम् समाम् पौयुषम् বল্পা sweet thau that the nectar than that poet's speech . Def. Excellence (rising) successively is termed the Climat I. The honey is swoct; thc nectar is sweeter than that; and, than that, poet's speech IHere, ench succeding thing, nectar etc , nses grar dually in excellence - यथासख्यम्-The Relative Order. Dr यथासंख्यं क्रमेणैव क्रमिकाणां समन्वयः। शत्रु मित्र विपत्तिं च जय रंनय भनय ॥ Lr नय मित्रम् ऋमिकाणाम् of sernal objects क्रम in due order समन्वय mutual connection थपास यम् The Relative Order शवम् the foe conquer the frend gratify the calanuty destroy विपत्तिम भजय Def The Relative Order is a mutual connection of a series of objects mentioned in their due order. Ex. o king! Conquer, gratify, destroy (thy) foe, friend and the calaunity respectively. Here, a series of objects शत्रुम्, मित्रम् and विपत्तिम् Is respectively connected with जय, रजय, and भलय in their duc order, ·पर्याय । 95 LI पर्याय ---The Sequence Dr पर्यायो यदि पर्यायगोकस्याने कसंश्रयः । Ex. पद्म मुक्ता गता चंद्रं कामिनौवदनप्रभा ॥ यदि पकम्य पर्यायण बनेकसंशय of one object in succession rending In places The Sequence कामिनीवदनप्रभा the lustre of this lovely woman's face पत्रम् the lotus many | सका Having left the moon गता resorted to पयाय Def When one object is described as residing in many places in succession, it is termed the Sequence. Ex Having left the lotus, the lustre of this lovely woman's face now resorted to the moon Here, the lustre which is stated as one is said to reside in miny places in succession or if water Second land of the Sequence DEr एकस्मिन्यधनेकं वा पर्याय. सोऽपि संमतः । Ex अधुना युलिनं तब यत्र स्रोत. पुराऽजनि ॥ यदिवा पुरा formerly एकबिन् in one object मोत चनकम् many सीपि that too अधुमा पर्याय the Sequenca there समत 13 regarded पुनिनम् Band Lnal यम here Dof. Or, if many objects are said to reside in ons and the same dhee in succession, tist too 19 regarded as thu Sequence Fas now तब ·96 परिवतिः, परिसदया। Er. Sind bank is now seen in tho place whero there was water formerly. Ilere, the water and the sand bank are said to be successively residing in the same place. LII. परिबत्ति:--The Return. Dr. परित्तिर्विनिमयो न्यूनाभ्यधिकयोर्मियः । Ex. नग्राहकं शरं मुक्ता कटाक्षान् सरियुथियः ॥ म्यूनाभ्यधिकयो' of lesser and greater | एकम् शरम् one arrow things having discharge मिथ mutual रिपुयियः of the chemy's Gol- विनिमय exchango dess of wenitla परिजनि. the letorn कटाक्षान् (many) surle glances (मरामा) that king received Def. The Roturn is a mutual exchange of things Iceser or greater. Ex. The king discharged (१.e. gavo) one arrory and received in turn, many) side-glances of the Goddess of wealth of his foes. Here, we have an exchange for what is greater, i.e. giving the lesser (शरम्) for the greater (कटाक्षान्). अयाह LIII परिसङ्घना--The Special Mention or The Exclusion of Specification Der परिसया निषिवैकमेकस्मिन्वस्तुयन्त्रणम् । Ex. नेहक्षयः प्रदीपेषु न खान्तेषु नतधुवाम् ॥

·विकल्प । 97 omfort एकम्ब fifay यमनम् परिमया 1 in one object on hendaag one object नेताम् aring denied restriction स्तान the Special Vention diminution of oil in the lamps of women of curved eye-brons in tho hearts nota Def The denial of the existence of something in a certain object and the restriction of its existence in another object constitutes the figure the Special Mention Lx The diminution of oil (z e affection) was in the lampe nnd not in the hearts of women of curved ej e-brows LIV f* -The Alternative Dr विरोध तुल्ययलयोर्विकल्पालकृतिमता। Ex. सद्य शिरासि चापान् वा नगयन्तु महोमनः ।। of equal proba bilaty that gurut fx479 when there is oprosi . tion विकापाले कति the Alternative 11 13 cous lered fuiffet नमयन्न पानवा the kings At once terrado let lend or th tr boy Der When there is an opposition of two things of equal probability, or, in other words, i hen tie performance of two such things becomes impa $5010 at the same t1100 and thus restricte the agent to lose recoars to only vic of them, it is carled the Allcrnntive ·98 ममुमय । Ex. Let the kings* bend at once their heads or their bons Here, we see the impossibility of simultaneous action of the bending of the heads and that of the bows wluch are opposed to each other, the former being the mark of surrender and the latter, of war. thy foe of many on back LV 999:- The Conjunction Dur बहनां युगपहावभानां गुम्फः समुञ्चयः । Ex नश्यन्ति पश्चात्पश्यन्ति भवन्ति च भवहिपः । युगपहावभाजाम् of actions of simul भवषि tablety take fight पात yout combination FERFET see the Conjunction सशनि च and fall down Def The Conjunction is a combination of many actions that are described as being simultaneously produced Ex. O King i thy enemies flee, turning their backs, see thee and fall down Here, though the actions of Aeeing, seeing, falling down took place succession, yet we have tho simultaniety of those actions considering their speedy performance Compare the celebrated laconic report wbich Caesar sent to Rome concerning his victory over Pharosces at Tela 'I caine, 8017, conquered' (reni, vedi, vici) The fors of the speaker ·कारकदीपकम् । 99 Second Land of the Conjunction क्य धनष Dur अहंप्राथमिकामाजामेककार्यान्वयोऽपि सः । Ex कुल रूपं वयो विद्या धनं च मदयन्त्यमुम् ॥ पहामिकाभानाम् of things with ] कुरम् noble birth emulation रूपम् handsome appearance पत्र कार्यान्वय that go to effect one the pime of youth thing learning परि A190 and the wealth that ne the Conjunc 769 huta tion मदयन्ति exhilerate. Def A combination of many things that eflect a thing with emulation or competition 19 also termed the Conjunction Or, in other words, a combination of many things independent of each other but represented as simultaneously producing the same common effect is called the Conjunction Ex Noble birth, handsome Appearance the prime of youth, learning and the Italth exhilerato him go to LWI कारकदोपकम-The Case-Illuminator Bur क्रमिकैकगताना तु गुफ. कारकदोपकम् । Ex. गछत्यागच्छति पुनः पान्य. पश्यति पृच्छति ॥ अमिषामतानाम् of actions पाव्य traveller gon COD nated with one baraka in cuccession coinbination भारदीयम् the Case-Illuanza tor पुर भारत Comes ·100 समाधि । Def A combination of actions that are succes sively connected with one Kāraha (cise noun) 19 called areeqa Or, in other words, when the sume Käraha (case-noun) is connected with many verbs in succession, it is MITO6199# Es The traveller goes, again comes, sees and asks (something) Here - noun in the nominative eise, 19 connected with 4 verbs 77fa, etc, in succession but not simultancously as in the preceding figure HTU where sinultaniety is desired cause the sun LVII. FATE The Contenience DEr समाधि. कार्यसोकय कारणान्तरसन्निधेः । Ee. उत्कण्ठिता च तरुणी जगामारतं च भानुमान् ।। कारणान्तरसबिधे through the pre-नरखौ young lady sence of some other | 59fat longed for (her lover) भानुमान कायसीयम् facility of an act पतम् जयाम set in. समाधि The Convenience Def When the accomplishment of an act is facilitated by the presence of some other cause, or an other words when the facilitation of an act is obtained through the accidental operation of another agency, at ly called the Convenience Cx No sooner did thus young lady song for her loser than the sun set in Here, we see the simultaneous occurrence of two nctions—the ladys longing for her lover and the d ·प्रत्यनीकम। IOL - 211 sun's setting (expressed by the two es in the two sentences) The lady longed for her lover and was about to go to meet him, and this was easily acconsplished by the accidental operrtion of another cruse—the setting of the sun, which enabled the Indy to set out freely under the protecting mantle of the dark पराक्रम LVIII - The Rivalry Dxr प्रत्य नोकं यलवतः शवो: पचे पराक्रमः । Er. नैवनेत्रानुगौ कबुत्यलाभ्यामध: कृती॥ बलवत strong छत्यलाभ्याम् by the lines पक्षी of the enemy anant the servants of the wet on any partisan victorious eyes attempt রূখী the ears भल्यनीकम् The Rivalry पथ क्लती made to bow down Det When any act of injury or mortification is attempted on a partisin of one s powerful enemy (by somebody who is unable to avenge himself directly ors his enemy), it 19 called the Rivalry The errs, the servants (lit neighbours) of tho victorious eyes, have been in de to bow down by the lilięg Woman's cycs and lilies are often compared to cach other, the one excelling the other in beauty. Hero, tlie lilies unable to conquer the eyes avenge themselies on their neiglibours, the ears, by making thom bend down NE-Tho nitos are usually worn 48 ornamenta on the ears which bead by their weight.

·1oz काध्यापर्धापति। of that moon an act का STAT mention. LIX 177Tuiufti-The Necessary Conclusion bu ay agafafs: staigiafora । स जितस्त्वन्मुखेनेन्दु. का वार्ता सरमौरुहाम् ॥ मुत्यन by the expression 910w is called much more agak by thy face अर्थमसिद्धि accomplishment f74 way conquered काव्यापिति the Necessary Con | सरसौराहाम of the lotusee clusion in the province what of Poetry Def The accomplishment of an act founded upon the popular marım hafa 119. 'argument with a stronger reason', is termed the Necessary Conclusion angrep is the abstrnct noun of fan 'how much more' कैमुतिकन्याय' is usually called दण्डापूपन्याय the maxım of the stick and the cakes When a stick and some cakes are tied together and, then the stick has been eaten axay by a rat, we arc naturally led to believe that the cohes also have been caten by the rat, the two things being so closely connected Thu, when no say something of the one of two such things, the sime naturally applies to the other thing also Er (Lads!) Thnt moon has been conquered W lint necesty is there to sperk of (or why so speab of) lotuses It is an acknowledged fact that lotuses begin to shrink and become faded on the nee of the moon When that moon, the subdaer of the lotuses has been conquered, tho fact that latuses too have been con quered much more becomes a necessary conclusion. by thy faco ·कायलिंगम अर्यान्सरन्यास । 103 ॥ पथस्य in my mind मन्द Lx कायलिगम्-The Poetical Reason Der समर्थनीयस्यास्य काव्यलिगं समर्थनम् । जितोऽसि मन्द कन्दर्य ! मञ्चित्तेऽस्ति विलोचन: समर्थनीयस्य to be estabhshed जिस पसि thou hast been con of a fact quered समर्थ गम् justifying मश्चित कायलिंगम् The Poetieal Reason विलोचन three-eyed God Siva foolish पणि resides कन्दप cupid Def The Poetical Reason is a reason justifying a statement wluch requires to be established Ex O foolish God of love! Thou hast been conquered (by me) For, in my mind, there resides the three eyed God Sıra Here, the fact of the presence of the God Siva in the mind of the speaker is a reason for the speaker's conquest of the God of Lore ho has once been burnt by Siva LXI प्रर्थान्तरन्यास -The Transition Dir उक्तिरर्थान्तरन्यास स्यात् सामान्यविशेषयो. । Ex. हनूमानब्धिमतरदुष्कर कि महात्मनाम् ॥ सामाविषयी of a universal pro-| धिम् the ocean position and parti In crossed çular instanco महाभमाम् of great men Asertion दुपारम् MPOKable पर्यानरबास the Translation tha mote yuar Handmin ·104 अर्थान्तरन्याम! Def The assertion of a universal (proposition) and a particular (instance) 13 termed the Transition Or, in other words shen 1 universal proposition 19 introduced to support i particular instance, or a particular inslance to support 1 untersal proposition, It is called the Transition Ex Hanuman crossed the ocean, what is in possible for great men ? Here, & prrticular mstance is confirmed by a univer al propositiou Crample of a unu ersal proposılıon supported by a particular instance गुणवद्वस्तुसंमर्गाद याति स्वल्पोऽपि गौरवम् । i पुष्पमालानुषगण सूत्रं शिरसि धार्यते ॥ yanla by association of heigte by the union with a the meritorious wreath of flowers wil.fo eren meanest मुबम् thread creature मिरमि on the head गौरवम् greatness चायते 11 orn ofa attains Isen the meanest creature, by tlio asociation of the meritorious, attaing to the gruatness thread anited with a wreath of flowers is sown on tho heid Herc, & unirersal proposition is confirmed by * particular instance ·विकम्बर, प्रौढोक्ति TOS LXII विकखर.-The Expansion in which म सधान्त Der यस्मिन्विशेषसामान्यविशेषाः म विकास्वरः । Ex स न जिग्ये महान्तो हि दुर्द्धर्षाः सागरा इव ॥ খলিল that (king) विषमामान्य विशेषा Tarticular,gene जिन्य was not conquered ral and pretical tr as दि Iecause sertions great men that सागराइव like the oceang, पिकम्बर the Expansion दुषा unagsailable Def When a particular is supported by a general which again 19 supported by a particular, it is called the Expansion Or, in other words, wlien a Transition in which a particular instance is supported by : general proposition with a Sinule, it is termed the Expansion (of the Transition) Er. Tint (hing) was not conquered (by his enemies) For the great men art as unassailable as the oceans. LXIII मीठोक्कि -The Bold Speech Dr प्रौढ़ीतिमत्कहितीतहे तुत्वप्रकल्पनम् । Er. कचा: कलिन्दनातोरतमालस्तोममेचकाः ॥ 6769x) which cannot forun as कसिन्दभातीरतमालतीममपका A cathe of excellence black As the tamala सहेतुत्वाकरम् attribution of a group gtu on the certalı çaure to at lank of the Yamal The Bel Speech the trees rrer ·106 संभावना। Def. The attribution of a certain cause, to a statement asserted, which cannot form the cause of excellence (of the object described) is called the Bold Speech. Es. The tresses '(of the Lord Krishna) are as black as the group of tamāla trees grown on the banks of Kalında's daughter Yamunā The water of the Yamuna is naturally black as also the tam ila trees The blackness of the tam ila trees cannot therefore be attributed to their having grown on the banks of the Yamuni river. Still, et is asserted to be so here. Hence it is called the Bold Speech LXIV. T2711-The Supposition. Der सम्भावना यदीत्य स्यादित्यूहोऽन्यस्य सिद्धये । I Ex. यदि शेषो भवैदक्ता कधिताः स्युर्गुणास्तव ॥ TITRE of another act सिइये for the accomplish ment यदि इत्य स्यात् It it were so BO कर conjectore संभावना the Supposition 1f मेष Lord of serpents Durrater Jappro य thy DET merita xal would luare been des crbel. Def A conjecture assomed througti tbe usc of the expression 'if it were so' for the accomplishinent of another (impossible) act, is termed tho Supposition.

·frummafuri 107 Ex O God! If the Lord of the serpents were to be the narrater, then all thy merits would have been described This form of supposition introduced by a subjunc tive clause is techoned by the author of Kavyaprakası as the third kind of अतिशयोक्ति 2.sertion can win over LXV fHwafafa The False Determination Der किञ्चिन्मिध्यावसिद्धार्थ मिथ्यार्थान्तरकल्पनम् । I Ex मिथ्याध्यवसितिर्वेश्या वशयेत् खस्रजं वहन् । fafumwafon for the purpose, fofof the Falso Deter of establishing a false mination उसनम् Garland of sky flowers famiataca a statement of FT wearing another absolute false ITA the prostitute thang वयेत् Def When, for purposes of establishing a fulso assertion, another absolute false one is introduced, or, in other words, if one fulse assertion is made to depend upon another absolute false one then it is called the Talso Determination (Reductio ad absurdum = redu cing a position to an absurdity) Es Wearing 1 garland of sbs flowers, one can win over a prostitute Shy flower is an absoluto nonentity and docs not cust in any period, past present or future So the winning orcra prostituto becomes also a non-entity This ornament is also reckoned 78 one of the kinds of sfout by tuc author of K. P.

·105 ननितम्, महर्षणम् । 1.XVI. -The Artful Indlicatiott. Dr वर्षे स्थाइत्तान्तप्रतिबिम्बस्य वर्णनम् । i Et aferai fara ti agaur featuran in the abject in hand t+ (m31Ưet) Cifaf4407 of turtlettive when water npn nentation of Att fra hul gone out neul, nt en lux! मेडम Lund an म klincation fvdia will M8T97 917 the Anful Imulica tion Def. REAPR 13 a delineation of an incident not on lind which endly in a reflective comparison to an incident on haud. I'x Th14 (uulen) uishes to raise a bund n hon all the water had This is said by a muu to her mistress who wanted to send for lier once neglected lover. The unid instead of ting her matres.9 that she missed the opportunity and nor foolishiy sants to bring her Joyer who has now fallen in love with another lady indirectly withoutes the sime meaning which is reflectively represented in the expression given in the text. The acnding lor the lover who once came to the lady and was neglected by lier is the same as the raising of i bund after all the water had gone out. gone out. LXVII. AUTH-The Enraptarting. Dr उत्कण्ठितार्थमंमिद्धिविना यन प्रहर्षयम् । rr तामेव ध्यायते तस्म निसृष्टा सैव दूतिका ।

·प्रहर्षणम् । tog ताम् एव only her पवम् विना without an effort onlari faff accomplisłıment 1197 to him thinking of a thing longed for संघ दासका that same messenger Rদন্থ। the Enrapturing ther sent Def When the accomplishment of a thung engerly longed for thes place without any effort for it, 01, in other words, when the desired object is obtained by chance, it is called the Enrapturing Ex That same niessenger-a confidante--was sent (by a lady), to hiw (her lover) who fas thinking of lier only This incident took place without any effort on the part of the lover. He was thinking that her lady would send lum a disagreeable messenger and, when He saw kus own confidante coming as it messenger to luto, he could not contain for joy and hence this is called the Enrapturing-the delight beyond measure DAT The Second hind of the Enrapturing वाञ्छितादधिकार्थस्य संसिदिश्च प्रहर्पणम् । ३५. दीपमुद्योनयेद यावत्तावदम्युदितो रविः । sif OTT than the slesired दीपम् the lamp अधिकास of sometling moro योजयत् kindle #fefs attainment than प्रापचम् the Enrapturing the surt यावत् मदत Def The attwoment of something more than what was desired is called the second kind of the Lnrapturing 70 Rooner ROBC.

·110 विषादनम्। Es. No sooner did she handle the larop, than the sun rose. Herc the lady rose and wanted to kindle the lamp and, when she came out of her room, she saw the sun rison, . This is more than what was desired, Third kind of the Enrapturing. Ver यत्नाटुपायसिद्धार्यात्साक्षालाभ: फलस्य च । निध्यञ्जनौषधीमूलं खनता साधितो निधिः । उपायसिद्वार्थात् attunment of a निध्यजनौषधौमूलम् the root of a Er means यवात from an effort साक्षात् पलम्ब of the object itself लाभ Altainent also वनदा निधित सापित magic plant by a digger treasare was obtained Def. When, by an effort made for the attainment of a means to get the object desired, the desired objcct itself is obtained, it is the third kind of the Enrapturing. Er. By him who dug the root of the magic plant for the purpose of discovering the treasure hidden under the earth, the treasure itself was obtained. LXVIII. विमादनम्-'The Despondency. Dr दृष्यमाणविरुद्धार्यसंप्राप्तिस्तु विषादनम् । Ex. दीपमुद्योनये यावनिर्वाणस्तावदेव सः ।

·उसामा III the lamp एष्यमाणविकतामानि तु the attain | दीपम् ment of a thing oppo in kindles sed to what was desir araen than ed that farmer the Despondency fiata extinguished 8144 20 sooner Def The attainment of a thing quite opposed to what was desired is termed the Despondency. Es. No sooner did she hindle the lamp, than it extinguished, LXIX SET' Abandonment Dur एकस्य गुणदोषाभ्यामुल्लासोऽन्यस्य तो यदि । Ex अपि मां पावयेत्साध्वो स्नात्वेतीच्छति नागवी॥ एकस्य of one object बाबा गुणदोषाभ्याम् by mernt and demerit माम् अपि पन्यय of another object पावयेत् if those two HTC Abandonment जाबी साध्वी chaste woman fa having bathed Me also may purify SO the river Ganga desires Def If the delineation of merit and demerit of one object conveys a reference to the merit and demerit of another object, or, in other words, if (1) the merit of one object refer to the merit of another object, (2) the demerit, to the demerit, (3) the merit, to the demerit, and (4) the demerit, to the merit, then it is called the Abandonment Ex. Will not a chaste woman (come and) bathe (in my waters) and purify me also', so the river Ganga desires.

·112 उल्लाम। Ilire the merit—the purificating ciaracter of cliaste woman refers to the merit of the Ganga who plass for purification Lence this is the exalnple of No i ment referring to a merit. censure Lrample of (2) demeru referring to a demerit काठिन्यं कुचयो: सृष्टं वाञ्छन्त्यः पादपद्मयोः Fargra falar choralaretiaa: 11 कुचयो of the brigoms fotiga the women of (thy) foes #fana hardness asig ja thy cavalry पादपमयी lotus fthe feet विधातारम् the Creator created facfa पाश्चत्य desiring Er. O bing 1 the widows of thy foemen desiring, (when they are pursued by) thy cay alry, the bardness created for their bosoms to be created for their lotus lihe feet censure the Creator (Bralım ) Here, the sidows of the foemen censure the creator for not having created the hardness of their bosoms in their soft feet, the furiner being useless because of their widow hood and the latter being now useful to enable them to flee away from the pursuing casalty of the king Che deinerit of the bosoms in their widow hood refers to the demerit of their soft flet unfit for fleeing away from the enemy Example of (3) Merit referring to a denierit तदभाग्यं धनस्यैव यन्नाशयति सज्जनम् ॥ because 27 that the good masa of the riches only समनम् भाग्यम् rozsfortune. afa does not rezort to सत् धनस्य एवं ·na ginnfa 1 113 E It is the misfortune of riches themselves in that they do not resort to the good people Here, the merit of the good people refers to the demerit of the riches in their not resorting to the good people example of (4) demes at referring to a merit लाभोयमेव भूपालसेवकानां न चेधिः ॥ 7 not this itself भयम एव EITH a boon. भूपालसेवकानाम् of tle servants of the king वध killing If the servants of this king are not killed, then at itself is a boon (to them) The ling referred to is such a cruel porn that non killing hrs servants is considered a great boon even if they do not get their pay Here the cruelty the demerit of the hing, refers to the ment on the part of his servants re, therr continuance without being killed LXX অন্তরালনি --Non Abandonment Dr ताभ्या तो यदि न स्यातामवज्ञालकृतिस्त सा। Ex. खल्पमेबाबु लभते प्रस्थ प्राप्यापि सागरम् ॥ a je SITE 2E ATUITA s tl ose two those two नस्थाताम् lo not occur 51 that भवनामकृति Non Abandonment EUR प्राप्यावि सत्यमेव Ocean tlough rezcled og ly & small quantity water लभत gets ·114 अनुना। Deſ. If, by the delineation of them, 2 €, merit and demerit of one object, they--the merit and demerit of another object-do not occur, then it is called the Non-Abandonment. This measure (of 32 palas) gets only a smal} quantity into it even though it reached the ocean The particular measure holds the same quantity of water even in the ocean which is the receptacle of immense water and which is not able to supply more water. Hore, the merit of the measure refers to no merit of the ocean Example of elemerit occasioning no demerrt. मीलंति यदि पद्मानि का हानिरमृतयुतेः ॥ यदि if segga to the moon wift fotuses what tafa contract हानि detriment If the lotuses were to contract (at night), then what detriment accrues to the moon (nectar-ray ed). Here, the demerit of the lotus refers to no demerit of the moon. LEXI 90–The Permission Dr दोषस्थाभ्यर्थनाऽनुन्जा तवैव गुणदर्शनात् । Es face: #9 7: STEE E Haldra eft: u ·लेशः। I15 an to us in which दीपस of undesired |म object भरत always पभ्यर्थना praying for विपद calamities सव in itself let occur गुपदर्शनात on account of the ] यासू result of good quali | हरि God Vishnu tics संकीर्यते 1s glorified पधा the Permission Def. The praying for an undesired object on the ground of the acquirement of virtuous qualities result. ing from it, is called the Permission Ex. Lord Krishna į Let calamities always occur to us the calamities in which the God Hari is glorified. This is a request made to Krishna by Kunti, the mother of the Pandavas. । LXXII लेश:--The Suggestion DEr लेशः स्याद्दोषगुणयोर्गुणदोषखकल्पनम् । #r अखिलेषु विहङ्गेपु हन्त स्वच्छन्दचारिषु ॥ शुक! पञ्जरवन्धस्ते मधुराणां गिरां फलम् ॥ दोषगुपयी of demerit and perit parrot गुणदोषल कल्पनम् attnbution of से thy merit and demerit पश्वरबन्ध confinement in a cage is the Saggestion मधुराणाम् melodious Alas 1 गियम् अखिलेषु विहगेषु when all the birds फलम् result. खच्छन्दचारिषु freely wander Del लेश: is a figure in which the merit and deacut of ono thing aro respectively construed to bc the demerit and mcrit of the other नेश स्थात् of songs ·116 मुद्रा। Ex. Alas! pirtot! then all other birds freely wander about at their will, thy confinement in the cnge is the result of thy melodious son49 Herc, the utterance of melodious sounds is cons trued to be a demerit in & parrat und che non utterance is construed to be a merit in other birds SCDISO LXXIII 561-Tlie Selling DEF सूच्यार्थसूचनं मुद्रा प्रकृतार्थपरैः पदैः । Es fadagat agut gigihiagar 9 AT ! मकसाथपर sorning the the Sealing on land #1740 that young main पद by words मितवगु laying large luttock preparate intunation of the i zarafaggi e havir a couple of obrect to bolonted at / eruic auscy Def If the words that serro to signify the sense on hand intimate also the object to be lunted at the it 18 called the Sealın: Ir This maiden lins Jirge buttocks and a conplo of spacious eyes Here, rafayat berses to signify thd ecnsc required for the description of the lady the subject on hand The same word 19 also the name of a metre of E# class contuming 8 syllables for ench qurter ulerun the serenth syllablo of the 2nd and 4th quarters must be short Thus, trosce that the sumo Bord that served the purposo on band--the description of the Indy-alao jamce thic metre of the serse to boy Inntel nt by the proct, thic slapza being the illustration orth it metri ·117 BL9 BHAVAN'S LIBRARY, BOMBAY-400007 DEMAND SLIP M No Time Dale चित्वारि मायामि यस्य। INTRO wemmen Call No Name of the Book Author रत्नावली। It is usurt among tho Sanskrit prosodians to illus ate n mietie defined by a stanza contuuing the name f that metre which will also serve to explain the 951, all Sha Vay nouvema SHI Shiva the maretha 4 Hilfe 984 Tv WMWW 4 82328 4 Shunyo the mergay THA q March 154 84 Shitaji and his times Tagamneth Salar SOR चतुर बार्य यस स Remarks Sgnature NA-Please do not sgr unless you get the book ·118 तद्गुणः। the Hindu Triad, in thcir order--Brahmā, Vishna and Siva, the objects not on hand to which the king is identified in succession. The difference between this figure and the figuro ET (LXXIII) is that in this figure the sense of the words referring to objects not on hand-. e. tro sense to be hinted atmalso serves to explain the sentence in another way under a pan, but it is not so in the Mudrn. lower lip LXXV. DETT:The Borrower. Der. तद्गुणः खगुणत्यागादन्वदीय गुणयहः । Ex. पद्मरागायते नासामौक्तिक तेऽधरविपा। TURITE by quitting one's own athrafwą nanpearl quality ytfaut Try the lustre of the VERTET: Assuming the quality of another Wat becomes Padmariga the Borrower (rubs of lotas colour) thy Def. When a thing quits its own quality and assumes that of another (excellent ono), it is the Borrower. Ex. O Lady! The pearl of the nose-ornment becomes a padmarīga ruby by coming in coacact with the luster of thy (red) lower lip. Here, the colour of the Indy's lower lip, being superior, makes the white pearl of hier nogo ornament appear like a padmariga raby. * • The pearl has been eclipad by the lady's lip ·पूर्वरूपम। 119 LXXVI पूर्वरूपम्-The Original Dr पुनः स्वगुणसंप्राप्तिः पूर्वरूपमुदाहृतम् । Ex हरकण्ठांशुलिप्तोऽपि शेषस्त्वद्यशसा सितः ॥ पुन again स्वगुणस माप्ति Assumption of ones own quality पूर्वपम् the original एदासम् 19 called परकण्ठाग्रलिप्तोऽपि though covered शेष ववभसा सित with the lustro of Sivas neck the serpent lord by thy fame white Def When an object that has quitted its form as in the preceding figure is again restored to its original state by the presence of some other agency, it is called the Original Ex Oking | The lord of the serpents शेष, though covered with the lustre of Siva's neck, is made white by thy fame Here, the serpent lord worn round Sivas neck of dark blue colour on account of the existence of the Kalakuta poison in it—changed his colour and thuş became a borrower and by the operation of another agency--the white fame of the king-he is restored to his former state Second kind of the Orginal Der पूर्वावस्थानुवृत्तिश्च विकृते सति वस्तु नि । Ex. दौपे निर्वापितेऽप्यासीत्कांचौरत महन्महः ।

·as I20 अतद्गुण । an object fanua though extinguis) ed fara afd when disappeared eta by the zemr inlaud 12 gatimii continuity of the Hic girdle of 1 lady original state amplo light दीप lamp wut Dof The continuty of the original condition notwithstanding the des uppetrance of an object the causo of suci continnance, by the operation of another Agency, is called the second lind of the Original, L Although the lamp was put out (by a lady in the bed chimbor), still there was imple light issuing from the Jenis of the girdle (of that lady) Here, a pretty young muiden but an artless one (TTT) put out the limp of the bed chamber througlı baslıfulness, still the light continged as before by the lustre of the jenis inlaid in the girdle of that mouden LXXVII प्रतहुण The Non Borzover Der संगतान्चगुणानगीकारमाहुरतद्गुणम् । Ee चिररागिणि मच्चित्ते निहितोऽपि न रचसि । engegata non-assuming for for a long time the quality of another faft rod (affectionate) abylet though coa ਵਿਜੇ nexted with at fefsnitsfo dough buted SZTETTE Nan Porto rer নবুয়রি dost not become mud 975 all (a fractwnate) Der The non assuming, by an object, of the quality of another thougli connected with it (or in la my mind ·अगुण । 121 other words when an object does not borrow tha quality of another object it) is called the Non- Boriower Er O Lover' though seated long in my red (affectinnate) mind, yet thou dost not become red (affectionato) The strikingness of this example rests upon the use of the word Tt which means both redness and affection Here, the lover does not become red (affectionate) though he is stated in the red (inore affectionate) ioind of the lady Hence it is the Non Borrower कार्य LXXVIII TT-The Conformity DEr प्राक्सिचखगुणोत्कर्षोऽनुगुण परसतिधे । Ex. नौलोत्पलानि दधते कटारतिनोलताम् ॥ परसविर्ष by the presence of 4171 the Conforruty another object नीलोत्पलानि blue lotuaea 217f676417" the preemi by the orde glances nence of ones own sfaitara extreme blueness previously settled दक्षत bear quality Def The'pre eminence, of one's own previously settled quality, by the presouce of another agency, (or, ju other words when the original quality of an object is made pre eminent by the proximity of another object it) is called the Conformity Ex The blue lotuses attain more blueness by the side glances (of a lady fallwg on them) 16 ·122 - मिनितम्. मामान्यम् । Here, the dark blue lustre of the latuses is increasa ed by the pre-eminent blue side-glances of the lady falling on them. LXXIX. मीलितम्-The Lost. Dur मौलितं यदि साहण्याभेद एव न लक्ष्यते । Ex. रसो नालनि लानायाश्चरणे सहजारो ॥ यदि साढण्यात on account of resem blance a distinction alone 19 not perceived मौलितम ভাংগা घर लाचाया रस म पलचि the Lost naturally red in the foot of the red lac dye was not perceived एष लक्ष्यते Der When distinction alone is not perceived (between two objects on hand) on account of their resemblance, then it is the Lost. Ex. The dye of the red lac was not perceived in the naturally red feet (of this beautıful maiden) Here, we see the disappearance of the dye of the red lac on account of its having been eclipsed by the natural redness of the maiden's feet. Lxxx. सामान्यम्-The Sameness. Dur सामान्चं यदि साहश्याविशेषो नैव लक्ष्यते । Ex. पद्माकरप्रविष्टानां मुखं नालक्षि सुभुवाम् ॥

·उन्मीलितम् विपक । 1 123 मरसत्यते पारविष्टानाम् that entered the VIRIT on account of resem lotus pool blanco सुभवाम् of women of beauti faits distinguishable pecu ful eye brows liarity मुखम face 14 Hot at all perceived 7 Sofa kas not perceived सामान्यम् The Sameness Def When any distinguishable peculiarity what ever is not perceived (between two objects coming in contact) on account of their close resemblance, it is called the Sameness The fres of the women of benutıful eyebrasvs that entered the lotus pool are not perceived Here, the faces of the spomen were not distin guishable from the lotuses in the absence of any dis criminative quality between the two which are spoken of as having becoine identical In thio Afaa (LXX), ony of the objects 18 mufe. rior in quality and is not appichended by its being eclipsed by the superior quality of the other In this figure the two objects could not be din criminated thiough thur close resemblance In the fra the inferior object gives up its own quility Here both the objects do not give up their qualities Hence, this figure is different from the afaa LXLXI solfang-The Un-Lost LXXXII farasi --The Un-Samencss Dr भेदवैशिष्टायो. म्फूर्तावुन्मीलितविशेषको। Ex हिमाद्रि खदाशोमग्न सुग शोलेन नानते ॥

·124 उन्मीलितम्, विशेयक । भेदमिटायो of anydistinction end the celestial beitt aby discriminating 97 eclufsed by the farin pecalarits लिमाट्रिम् the Ilimtlasa wovo in the manfestation tain उन्मोसिय विषको The URLort and भोलेन bs ch liners The Un Sarul Dess cuice Def If any distinction proibited in the fan (LXXIX) become manstest afterwards, it 18 called the उन्मोलितम् Def If any discriminating peculinrits probibited in the FTATI become manifest afterwards, it is called the विशेषक Ohing 1 The celestial beings recognize tho Himalaya mountain, eclipsed by thy fall persading) fame, through its chillness This is the example of the figure sman Here, the Himalaya which is uute was lost in the wlaster fume of the king and 15 as afterwards recognized by the Gods on account of its chillness पन्द्र सहित nised Frample of the 1979 खनितान्युटिते चन्द्रे पनानि च मुखानि च when the moon bad for and the isors Mitar berite datingtub. पमान lotuses After the rise of the moon, the letoscs and the faces of the drmscla became distinguishable In the IMF, the faces of the dansels that ontoret sho Jorus pool were undistin, u phable fryso tho ·126 उत्तरम्। Second Lind of the Reply Drr प्रश्नोत्तरान्तराभिन्नमुत्तरं चिवमुच्यते । Ex के दारपोषणरता; के खेटाः किं चलं वयः । म उत्तरारअभिन्नम् consisting their wives of same words of the ETC EU those that are beat query and its two upon bringing the replies Lands to perfection चिवमुत्तरम् 8 skilful reply husbandmen उत्तरम् The Reply केपटा who move in the air who which is transitors TATTUTET those that are en (1) burds () the age gaged in maintaining f994 देय Def When a skilful repls is not different from the query, or in other words, when a reply mnde consists of the same words of the question asbed, and wien one repls made series for tro querits ashed, then it is called also the Reply Er Q Who are those that are engaged in mtuning their wives IR Thinse that are ben upon bringing the lands to perfection or husbandının Q Who nuove in the air and which k transitory R. qu (1) birds (2) age केदार =n field. The first question केदारपोषणाता' and its ausuer agita19 THT consist of tho santc fronds {lit letters) To is the one reply niade to the tro questions asked 2 shen it means, birds' is tho nominatile plural of the word fa mn , and then it means the age' it is the nominntis e singular of the neuter noun an Hence these are styled the skilful replies ·मूक्ष्मम, पिहितम् । 127 LXXXIV सूक्ष्मम्-- The Subtle Pu सूक्ष्म पराशयाभिन्नेतरसाकृतचेष्टितम् । घर, मयि पश्यति सा कैशैः सौमन्तमणिमावणोत् ॥ परा-चेष्टितम्- परामयाभskilled मूजम् The Subtle in understanding the मा that (marden) import of another मयि पश्यति when I wae looking asccon i person by the tresses तस्य hus सौमनमधिम् the crest-jewel साकून ष्टितम् a significant / भावधीत concealed act Def A significant act or gesture of a person, intimated to another who is able to understand such gestures of others is called the Subtle ( Friend') When I was seeing (her anxi ously for time of assignation) she concealed her crestjewel under her tresses Here, the time of assignation eagerly inquired for by the lover is guessed from the indy's act of conce tling her bright crest jewel under her durk tresses—a mark indicating the time of night when the bright sun 1s concealed under the darkness of the night - LXXXV पिहितम्---The Covering Dr पिहितं परवृत्तांतज्ञातुः साकूतचेष्टितम् । Ex. प्रिये गृहागते प्रात: कान्ता तल्पमकल्पयत् ॥ of one that knows | सावचेष्टितम् significant act or परवनातभात he went of the other Me annuttun The Covering पिरितम् ·128 ध्यानोति। SKET in the morning the lady fog TFT when the lorer cama the bed to the honso पकम्पयन preparat Def. A significant act or an insinuation of a person that he or she knows the secret of another 19 called The Covermg. Ex Eurly in the morning when the lover came to the house, luis lady prepared bed (for him) Here, a lady then she saw her husband coming to her house in the morning with the marks of his having toyed with another lady, a rival one, at once" prepared bed for his rest thus introuating to him that sho has known los secrets पथ्य 30 LXXXVI 7771f: -The Disembler. Dr व्यानोक्तिरन्च हतूकत्या यदाकारस्य गोपनम् । Ex सखि ! पश्य गृहासमपरागैरस्मि धूसरा । * by an attribution to afa) friend! & different cause which RECYCå by the pollens el the watter of the appearance house-garden मीपनम conocalment I ou msdo groyuk 2151 Thc Disembler Def The Disombler is the diagimulation of uno's appearance liye attributing to a different cause Bx Frrent! See I am made fruy ish by the pollens of (my) house-garden. Here, a lady, the spaber, losing her body made dirty by the dust in her toying with her lorer, artrally श्रा पनि ·गूढीमि 129 conceals the same by saying that she was made greyish by the pollens se, by attributing it to some different Her first state was not expressed and then denied and so this is different from the ornament of Concealment (XI) where an object is first mentioned by a person who then conceals at. cause LXXXVII Talita - The Secrecy Dxr गूढोतिरन्योद्देश्यं चेद्यदन्य प्रति कथ्यते । Ex वषामेहि परक्षेत्रादायाति क्षेत्ररक्षक.।। परवेषात् from another a field বীই ER Or Wife अन्यम् पति अपेक्षित af intended for another to another is told The Secrecy O bull or luster 1 सध्यते । गूटीति hegone the land lord or bus band utfor comes. Def When a speech intended to be communicated to a particular person is addressed to another who is also before the speaker, and when that speech conveys also the intended meaning of the speaker, it is termed the Secret Speech Ex O bull' begone, yondei comes the land lord This speech is intended to be communicated to u person toying with the wife of another Person and this is addressed to the bull that was grazıug in & third mans field The intended meaning to be con veyed 19 - O Luster I begone yonder comes the husband of the lady with ifkom thou art boldly toging 17 ·130 विवृतोशि, युतिः। LXXXVIII. frentfat:--Open Speech. Dr. विवृतोक्तिः निष्टगुप्तं कविनाऽविष्कतं यदि । Ex वृषापछि परचेवादिति वक्ति ससूचनम् ॥ SO bull! पिष्टमम् hidden undet & pun परफेवात् from another's field by the poot or wife भाषिकृतम् यदि f purposely ex. चपेट begone pressed ति Open Speech समूचनम् with a gesticulation or luster (he) speaks Det. 'Open Speech is that which is hidden under a pun as in the preceding figure but purposely expressed by the poet by some kind of indication "0 bulli begone from another's field", so the speaker speaks with a gesticulation. By use of the word of, this is also hidden under a pon; and, by the employment of the word ससूचनम्, in the example by the poet, the secrecy becomes expressed. LXXXIX gfag:--Covert Speech. Dr युक्तिः परातिसंधानं क्रियया मर्मगुप्तये । xx वामालिखन्ती दृष्ट्वान्य धनुःपोप्पं करऽग्निवत् ।। मर्मगाये tor concealment of / दाम् thee Ene's oum desnga मालिनी painting क्रियया by an act Feeing another (lady) ) रातिसंधानम् deception played upan) पोपं धनु Borery bow another In the hand Covert Speerte drew गुति बदिखत् ·लोकोक्ति । ! 132 Def Covert Speech 19 & deception of a person by an act played upon another for concealment of his or her own design Ex Lozer' Thy lady painted thee and, seeing another person coming to her at that time, drew the figure of a flowery box in the hand, thus antimating to that stranger that she painted the cupid and not thee This 19 said by a go between Tlus figure is properly reckoned as one of the hends of g (LXXXIV) in the Sahitya Darpana Ex the eyes is called XC 717m-_Popular Saying Dr लोकप्रवादानुकृतिर्लोकोक्तिरिति भण्यते । सहख कतिचिन्मासान्मीलयित्वा विलोचने ॥ लोकमवादावरुति resembling a pro farita verb मौलयिता having closed জঙ্গিলি faftfa Popular Saying *fafez Rier a few months भगवते wart or be patient Def An expi ession resepibling a proverb is called the Popular Saying Ex Lady' wait for a few months with thy eyes closed This is one of the messages sent by a separated lover to his lovely wife The full meaning is "Lady! Let a few months be spent unmarhed by thee, and then we shall both meet, and have full scope to reward our desires entertained in our separation, « With thy eyes closed' 18 even now more current in the sphere of the losers and distressed people ·132 छेकोलि, वक्रोक्ति cense XCI छेकोलि -The Shlful Speech, . Dr छेकोतिर्यदि लोकोती. स्यादन्तिरगर्भिता। Ex भुजङ्ग एव नानोते भुनङ्ग चरण सखे ॥ थोकी Ethe Topular Saying | भुग एवं only the serpent or यानरगर्मिता containing another VIJIRIA मुजगधरपम् the feet of the ter pent or the behaviour बीपि Skilful Speech of a millain सरी। frendo जागाने know. Def If the Popolar Szing were to contain another sense, then it is called the Silful Speech A serpent alone knors the feet of a cerpent Another sense is —A villain alone knows the bebaviour of a villain affected दिन प्राहम् XCII वक्रोहि-The Crooked Speech Dr वक्रोक्ति नेषकाकुभ्यामपरार्धप्रकल्पनम् ॥ Ex मुञ्च मानं दिन प्राप्त नेह नन्दी इरान्तिकै ।। ऋषकाइभ्याम् by mesna of a pur/मुच मानम् remove thy angero or by an day Appeared change of voice here Tİ 1977 construing ones बन्दीन zo Mardin speech differently हरान्तिके near the God SITE The Crooked Speech Def when a person construes a speech of another in a different sense by means of a pua or by an affected change of voice, it is called the Crooked Speech ·स्वभावोनित 133 Ex Lady' Remove thy anger as day bus appeared Here the lady construing it otherwise by a division of words मान दिनम् into मा नन्दिनम् and reading it thus मुच्च मा नन्दिनं मासम् = leavest not the Nandin that has arrived here" anguly replies thus, "No Nundin here, bnt he is near the God Siva' For an example under mig, see the Appendır. ► E: XCIII eralfm. Description of Nature Dur खभावोक्तिः खभावस्य नात्यादिस्थस्य वर्णनम् । कुर सत्तरशाः स्तब्धकर्णीमदीक्ष्यते ॥ VIRITE belonging to a genus , quam Description of Mature da, ie, quality, an 2017 tremulous eyes Action and anabstance a pricking up ears सभापथ of ono s own state 50r by satelopes पनम् description सदौत्यत is looked at Def Description of Nature is the delineation of of l peculiar state of an object belonging to a ger (13 quality, an action and a substance Ex Theo Antelopes having tremulous eyes and pricking up their cirs behold! As the term 'antelopes' denntes many, we have here the description of nature of a genus Another naine of this bgure 18 offa according to Diods This kind of description is considered the best by the poets etc, ie, ·134 माविकम, उदात्तम्। . Xcry भाविकम्-The Viston. Dur भाविक भूतभाव्यर्थसाक्षात्कारस्य वर्णनम् । Fx अहं विलोकयेऽद्यापि युध्यन्तेऽत्र सुरासुराः ॥ भूत भावि पर्ष साक्षात्कारम्ब of percep-1 सपमुरा the gods and demons tion of things past or युयन्ते fight futura पषंगम descriptroa पद्यापि भाविकम् The V1810n शिलाकये bebold in this place Def. When something past or future is definented by a poet such a manner as can bring the subject of description vurdly before the mund's eye, it is called the V19100 Er The gods and demong fight in this place even now I seem to behold it! evention XCV उदात्तम्-The Exalted Dur उदात्तमृद्धेश्वरितं साध्यं चान्दीपलक्षणम् । ४. सानी यस्याभवा ताटकिरीटिनोः ॥ of prospenty यस of which (Himalaya परितम् description mountaia) घदाचम् The Exalted सानी in the summut also मा that celebrated शाध्यम् commendable action पूनाटकिरोटिनो between God Siya of snother and Ariana उपलक्षणम् Indirect represents- क्षम् fight tion of importance अभवत् took place Def A description of prosperity of an is termed the Lxalted objece ·অমমি, 1 135 And any commendable action of some great personage represented indirectly or collaterally to the object under delineation is termed also the Exalted This is that Himalaya Mountain in whose summit that celebrated fight betseen the God Siva and Arjuna took place Here, the celebrated fight of the great God Siva with Arjuna is represented collaterally to the Himālay& Mountam--the object under delineation This kind of representation attrches inuch importance to the subject on hand—now the Himalaya Mountain For an example of Prosperity, see the Appendix. XCVI vyfa --The Exaggeration Dur प्रत्युक्तिरतातथ्यशौर्यौदार्यादि वर्णनम् । Ex त्वयि दातरि राजेन्द्र! याचकाः कल्पशाखिनः। marvellous राजेन्द्र। O king! false स्वयि दातरि when thou art a donor गीर्य valour कच्याधिन Kalpa trees serat generosity etc. OTT mendicants वर्षय description kaft become Exaggeration Dof A description of marvellous and also false statement of one's valour, generosity, etc., 18 called the Exaggeration, Ex O bag! When thou art a donor, even tho wish yreldrag (kelpa) trees of paradise become thy mendicants This 18 4 false exaggeration of a king's liberal munificence ·135 निरूहिः, प्रतिषेध XCVII fagfast:- Exposition Du निरुक्तिोगतो नामामन्चार्यत्वप्रकल्पनम् । र. ईशश्चरितैर्जाने सत्यं दोषाकरो भवान् । साधम् नावाम of words these धोगत by derisation by acts of thçe पयायलयपनम् construing 2n. भान् the honour aense different from दोषाकर Dulor of night of what is intended fsalty Exposition venly 0moonl) I know Def Exposition consists in construing words, in sense different from what 18 intended, b3 20 artificial derivation of those words O Loon! By these acts of thine, I know, truly, as much that thou art faulty (lit the moc of faulta) This is addre-sed to the moon by a damsel pining under separation a . XCVIII प्रतिषेध -Prohibition DEr प्रतिषेधः प्रसिदस्य निषेधस्थानुकोतनम् । Es न द्यूतमेतत् कितव! क्रीड़न निशिते. गरैः। मसिस well known म पूनम, this is not the star भिवधय of prevention iog at dice गुजोरम Anouncement दिर by sharponot errorm Prohibition Playing gamblert • दाम raght anति doer-moon sat repothalu aur MEILAcmeopoultu ·fafa । 137 Def, Prohibition is the announcement of preven tion of a well known act O Gambler Sakuni 1 This is not the playing nt dice but this is the playing by sharpened arrows (the famous battle of Kurukshetra) This is addressed by a true warrior to Sahun, the uncle of Duryodhana, who at the celebrated gumbling match threw the dice, won the game and obliged the good Pandavas to go into exile and thus became the cause of that dreadful tar The state ment that this is not the place of gambling but of war-un expression of a true fact-conveys the intended meaning of the speaker that Saluni could do well at the gambling and not at this battlefield XCIX fafir-Fitness Der सिद्धस्यैव विधानं यत्तदाहुर्विध्यलंकृतिम् । पंचमोदंचने काले कोकिल. कोकिलो भवेत् ॥ EX foreret season यत् which "YR+978 in the spring of that thing previ ously effected कोकिल kokala bird or the fay declaration Indian cuckoo that 217 Alfa kobils, 1 e cliarming विधि+पानतिम् the figure Fitness | भवन shall become 918 the learned call Def A declaration of a thing previously effected, the learned call as the figure Iitness In the season in which panchama note becomes manifest. 1 ·138 हेतुः। Ex. Only in the spring season, the kokila bird shall become a lokila, 2 e., charming. Here, thc re declaration of kobila bird, a thing already effected, is to show its extreme charmingness in the spring season--a season for singing in the panchama tone. . E. C. T:--The Cause. Dr. हैतोर्हेतुमता साध वर्णनं हेतुरुच्यते । असावुदेति शीतांशुमानच्छेदाय सुभुवाम् ॥ तीः of a cause असी प्रोतांच that moon हेतुमता साधम् along with its effect | साम् of women of beauti वर्णनम् description ful eyebrows हेतु The Cause मान्ददाय for quelling the pride उच्चत is termed दति Def. Tho description of a cause along with its intended effect is termed the Cause Es. That moon rises for quelling the pride of women of beautiful eye-brows Second sort of हेतु:- Drs हेतुहेतुमतोरक्यं हेतु केचित् प्रचक्षते । Ex लक्ष्मीविलासा विटुपां कटाक्षा वेंकटप्रभोः ॥ certain retoricus As tho Loure lieasca नानुमती of cauc and effect ideality काम् ·हेतुः। 139 प्रपद्यते Pret: call कटाक्षा glances of the Lord of the facing of learned poets mount Venkata* fergi. graces of the Coddess of Fortune. Def. The identity of a cause with its effect is reckoned by some as the figure the Cause. Ex. The glances of the God Vishnux (lit. the Lord of the Mount Venkata) are the graces of the Goddess of Furtune to the learned Here, the glance, the cause, is mentioned as identical with its effect, the graces of the Goddess of Fortune This representation rests on the complete identification and indicates the speedy simultaneous effect. इत्थं शतमलंकारा लक्षयित्वा निदर्शिताः । प्राचामाधुनिकानां च मतान्यालोच्य सर्वशः ।। These one hundred figures of speech have been thus defined and exemplified (by the author) after having studied all the dogmas of the rhetoricians, ancient as well as modern. * Or the King Venkata, tho patron of our author Appsya Dikshita.

·APPENDIX. SD denotes Sahityadarpans of Visvanaths hayra), and English Translation к Р Kavyaprakasa of Mammat: RG Rasaging Idhars of Pandita Jagannatish DK Dandis Karyad7738. PA Padidi s Ashtadhyâyı by Dr S C Vasu Poetical Conventions The student should hnow first some of the converttions of poets to understand this as well as other works better The sky, sın, sorroty, ser, clouds, serpents, infiny, etc , are descubed as blach, fanic, laughter, renown, virtue, umbrella, water, flower, cloth, etc., as w listu, auger, love, sun, learning, etc, as red, vilour as red and botLotuses, llies, etc, can bo described ns growing in all the rivers, seas and in small tanks Flamingoes and other birds are said to baunt in all receptacles of water Water elephants live in celestial Ganges too Gems and the fish mahara' are found in oceans, pearls in the ruer Tuwmpirm only Bhurja trces grow in the Himalaya alone, Sundal trees grow only to the Malaya Vountain and bear no flowers and fruits Asohe does not fructify Lotuses bloom onlz in tho day, lilies only in the night. Mulatı dues not bloom in the spring The Indian cuckoos atter srcet notes only in the spring season Tho cries and dances of peacocks and the craigration of the flamingoes to the Junasa Lahe occur only in the rainy season The ciralors ·APPENDIX 141 birds are said to drink the moonlight The chuabras cha bırds always move in couple, and the couple occupying the opposite books of a river never see eich other during the whole night. The God of love bears a flowery bow with only five flowery shafts and his bow string is strung with bees There is moonlıght throughout the bright fortnight, and darbness throughout the blach fortnight The de scription of the setting sun must be followed by that of the rising moon Separited lovers are affected at the sight of the clouds and feel the moonlight and tho Malaya breeze as firs and also suffir very much from love fover The moon on the crest of God Sira is always described 19 young The description of men must be from head to foot and, in case of Gods, froin foot to head 1 STAT-Simile Words expressure of comparison प्रय वद वा यथा (शदा) समान निम मविभा । অন্য নাম নীহ্মার সন্ধায় সনিকা u afata afacere anta fanftat i महक मदृश मवादि मजातीयाऽनुवाटिन । प्रतिविन प्रतिच्छन्द मरूय सम मम्मिता । सलक्षण सट्टयाऽभ मपचीपमितोपमा । कल्प देशीय देश्या (दि) प्रप्य प्रतिनिधी (पपि)। सवर्ण तलितो (मदी ये चान्यनाययादिन), Dr.

·142 APPENDIX. of these, वत्, कल्प, देश्य, देशीय are taddhita terminations. The last three express & slight incompleto comparison. See V. 3, 67 P, A. Other terminations expressive of comparism. (a) a denominative termination-Parasmaipada. STATTEET (III. 1. 10). The affis 47is optionally employed, in the sense of treatment, after word ending in a case-affis denoting the object of comparison. Thus, पुत्रमिवाचरति छात्रम्-पुत्रीयति aq=he treats the pupil as & son. P. A. 975 (T) a denominative termination-Ātmanepada. कर्तुः क्यड् सलोपय, (III. 1. 11). The affis qus is optionally employed in the sense of behaving, after a word ending in a case-affir denoting the object of comparison of the agent and there is elision of tho final स् of the noun if it ends with a # Thus, wat पाचरति काकः-श्यनायते काकः = the crow bchaves liko a hank. PA, fana (nil) a krit termination ichich is usually omitted. The aftis feinų comes optionally in the sense of bohaving like sotuc one after all crudo noung (Vārtika of III. I. 11). Thus, TehfA or TTEHTV-be bebaveg like an ass or ho asses. P. A. a toddhita termination. the (V. 3. 98). When a mao is denoted, the affis * espressing comparison is clided, the word ·APPENDIX 143 retaining its number and gender Thus fy (T71 sa gou) a straw man, te, an effigy in stray PA faft (97) a loal termination कर्तर्युपमाने (III 2 79) The affis faft comes after & verb when it 18 in composition with a word denoting an object of comparison, expressing the agent, the sense of the affis being doing something like that Thus semifs= He who makes a noiso like & camel PA ay the gcrundial affic in 974 उपमाने कर्मणि च (III 4 45) The affix पमुल comes after a root when an object or an agent denoting similitude, is in composition with it. Thus cafard fafen Hax= water was kept as ghee was kept P A. () a taddhita termination way afegury (V 3 106) is fully explained in pages 7 to 10 of the text After carefully studying the above the student should try to understand the following 32 varieties of the Figure SAT according to SD KP and RS Of the ornaments of sepse SUHT forms tho essence of all the figures that are founded on simi larity and therefore its complete study becomes essential Obserre Eqhi ES first two-fold qot complete and tell pe These agt Aaro taid reet when the comparison 19 expressed by the employment of such words fer # 1 0 77 all in tha senso of English as, and get direct when to comparison us tical ·144 APPENDIX. repressed by the use of the words तुल्य, समान, etc., all in the sense ok Inglish 'like'. stat conscys the notion of similarity at the very hering and tyf is to be understood only through the meaning of the expression These two kinds are again three-fold as they occur in n sentenco (AITA), in a compoand (ERIETOT) and in a nominal niux (तसिगना) Thus, there are Grarieties of पूर्ण , and but of लुभा, there are 26vsriettes . 1 पूर्ण-G rarieties यौती-तद्धितगता. 4 पार्थी-सतिगता. Do-समासगता. 5 Do.-समासगता. Do.--वाक्यगता. 6 Do.-वाक्यगता. 2 3 लुप्ता-26 varieties, 7 वाचकलुप्ता-समासगता 11 वाचकलुप्ता-कर्म-णमुल्-गता. 8 Do -- *कर्म क्यच् गता. 12 Do. --किर्तृ-do. Do.-माधार-यच- 18 Do. --णिनि-गता. गता. 14 Do. -कन्गता. 10 Do.- क्यड्-गताः 15 Do. -शिप गता. 16 धर्मलुप्ता-श्रौती -वावयगता. 17 Do.-qat- do 18 Do.---योती-समासगता. 19 Do --आर्थी- do. 20 Do.-do -नड़ितगता * Referring to * -object in the accusative case † Referring to a locality In the pastre sense. In the active sense ||No श्रीवी-वहिलगता ·APPENDIX, 145 1 धर्मवाचकलुप्ता-क्षिप्-गता. 22 Do. -समासगता 23 चाचकोपमेयलुप्ता-याच् गत्ता 24 वाचकोपमानधर्मलुभा-समासगता. 25 बाचकोपमानलुला do. 26 उपमानलुप्ता- प्रत्यय-गता. 27 Do. -वाक्यमता. 28 Do. --समासगता. 30 29 उपमानधर्मलुप्ता-वाक्यगता Do. -समासगता. 31 उपमेयलुप्ता-क्यच्-गता 32 उपमेयधर्मलुप्तर-do Examples in their order. सोरममम्भोरहवन् मुखस्य धुम्भाविव स्तनौ पौनी। हृदयं मदयति वदन तव शरदिन्दुयथा बाले । श्रीती SD + o young masden the fragrance of thy mouth 1998 the lotas, thy bosoms are urge as jary, thy frce exhalera tes (my) beart as tho utularal noon 4 to 6 मधुरः संधावदधर पल्लयतुखोऽतिपलव' पाणिः । ' चार्थी चकितनगलोचनाभ्यां महशो चपलेच लोचने तस्याः ॥ SD The lower lıp of that lydy 1389cet lide dectar, her hand 18 erceedingly tender lilo & young leaf, and her ez es are tremuloa, liko those of & frightened fawn. 7to10 वाचकजुमा RS दरदलदरविन्दसुन्दर हा हरिणदृशो नयने न जिस्मरामि ।

·146 APPEVNIT, Alas! I will not forget the eyes of my fawzerod lady beautifal like slightly expandsd lotuses मलयानिलमननीयति मणिभवने काननीयति क्षणत । विरहेण विकलहूदया निर्जलमीनायते महिला RG That lady devoid of heart through prainz in separation feels the Malaya breeze as Ere itself, herseli, residing in agewelled mansion, thinks in a moment as if she 1920 a desert, and she is troubled like a fish out of water Here in प्रनलीयति- अनन्नमिवाचरति, we have पनलम् in the accusative case because the मलयानिलम्, the opmeya, is also in the accusative case # Hence it is कर्म-क्यच. In काननीयति-कानने व पाचरति, we have कानन in the locative case and it is therfore प्राधार क्यच् In निर्जलमीनायते-निर्जल मीनवत् पाचरति, we have क्यङ् निरपाय सुधापाय पयस्तव पिवन्ति थे। जडजे ! निर्जरावास वसन्ति भुवि ते नरा ! R. G 0 Jahnu's daughter (Ganga). Those people who drink they harmless water resembling the nectar-they sil live in this world Like immortal Lctogs. Here, in मुधापायम्-मुधामिव पौत्वा, we hare मुधा n the accusative case , and hence at 1s कर्म-णमुल of root पा 'todnni ' In निर्जरावासम्-निर्जरा इव पित्वा, wo have four in the nominative case like its upameya नराः and bepee It is कर्तृ पमुल of root वस् 'to dively. . * The wonis connected by sa (or its equivaleat) must be in the same caser Apte's Guide 257 Obserre ·PENDIX 147 कोकिलालापिनी द्यपा This maiden speaks like an Indian cuckoo 14 पक्षापुरुष. सोऽय योऽत्यन्त विषयवासनाधीन। RG He that as wholly addicted to sensual pleasures as a strawiki Man 15 गर्दति युतियरुप व्यक्त निनदन् महात्मनां पुरत ॥ SD He pratling loudly and harshly before the great behaves liko an egg 16 to 20 धर्मला मुखमिन्दुर्यथा पान्ति पनवेन मम प्रिये। वाच सुधा योष्ठस्ते विवतुल्यो मनोऽश्मवत् ॥ la 20 8D O beloved, thy face 19 as the moon thy hand is like a sprout, thy speeches are as pectar thy lip (lower) 1s as the bamba fruit, and thy heart is like the stone 21622 21 22 पाषालुको विधवति मुखाचमस्या 8D 'The lotus-like-fare of ths lady scts hke the moon In विधयतिम्-विधुरियाचरति, we have the omission of and the common attribute charmingness' in the किए afix In मुखानम् =मुखम् प्रममिव, we have the same in a compound 23 _23 रापशोपमेय तया तिलोत्तमोयन्या मगगावकचक्षुषा । ममायं मानुपी लोकी नाबालीक वाभवत् । and R.S. 24 24 मा ·148 APPEDIT This mortal world has beroune a celestul one to my facing it compung with this lady who has creu treiautous like thiase of s young deurani wlho tumksheneli hle Tilottart In हिलोत्तमीयन्या - तिलोत्तमामिव प्रारमान श्राचारन्या, no have tho ont-sion of the uprimein श्रात्मानम and of thio won 'ga' cypressive of comparison In मृगगाव कचतुपा = सुगनायकस्य चक्षुपी पूव चञ्चन्ने चपी यस्या तया, He hase the olsion of the upamart qat', of the word 'ga', espressing comparison and of the common attributo ry 25 यशीराणामम्य च समागमो यश तर्वधोऽस्य छत । पापकीय 2528. मता उपनतर्गतदकारमादासीतत्काकतालीयम् । 26t028 RS एपमानामा To meeting of that man mith the rellers and the killing of that minn by the mbbers--et he has occurred acoulcatally like the tanxim of the crow and the film frat TIero in are. We have the omission of the upimina 'समागम and the word 'इव' erpre sing comparison in a compound In काकतालीयम्, we have the omission of the upmutna 'मर' is compound with TIT "Inch cypresses comprison 7 to 12 तस्या मुखेन सदृश रम्य नास्ते न वा नयनतुख्यम् । SD A charming seness to ber face or to her cycs does not exist (any where) गाहितमखिल विपिन परितो हटाय विटपिन सर्वे। 29030 29 सपमानधर्म सहकार। न प्रपेदे मधुपेन तथापि ते सम जगति ॥ TS Sco piges . 27 28 ·API ENDIS 30 149 All tiis forest 1 been explored and all the trees were scen; stili o mango tree! thy likeness in the world was not obtauce by this bco Hcrc, there is the omission of the npımīna and of the common attribute in a sentence If wo remove the words 'तथापि ते समम्, and substitute भवत्समम्, we huve the gunc in a compound. अरालिविक्रमालोकपिकखरविलोचन । उपमयमुना कपाणोदग्रदोर्दण्ड, स सहस्रायुधीयति॥ SD Le (a hing) whose eyes expanded on seeing (lug) enemies' prowess and whose strong arm (lit, stick like arm) is fearful with tho sword behaves as if le is wielding thousand weapong Here, in सहस्रायुधीयति सहस्रायुधमिव प्रारमानमाचरति, wo have the omission of the upamoya अात्मानम् only. 33 उपमेयधर्म यशसि प्रसरति भवत. धीरोदीयन्ति मागराः सर्वे ॥ 31 SD \Vhen the famo of the honor hins persadel, all the occany act tho Milky sca Here, in क्षीरोदीयन्ति-क्षीरोदमिव यात्मानमाचरन्ति, wo have the omission of the upaney: 'पात्मानम्' and of the common attribute ' गुल्लता = in hiteness' SD mentions to other varieties of उपमा, , मालोपमा and रशनोपमा. मानोपमा--Garland of Similey Dcf. licn one olyect is compared to ming, or in other words, when one upancya 19 compared to many upam ints, it is called मालोपमा.

·150 APPENDIS Eर. वारिजेनेव मरमी शगिनेव निशौधिनी। यौवननेव वनिता नयेन यीमनोहरा SD Fortune attended with morality charms the heart as a lake with the lotus, us ught with the moon, nsudamsel with bloom of youth. रमनीयमा-Girdle of Similes. Der. When the upameja in the first comparison is inide the upaunīria in the second, and so on, it is called रशनोपमा. चन्द्रायते शकरचापि सो हमायते चारुगतेन कान्ता । कान्तायते स्पर्शसुखेन पारि वारीयते स्वच्छतया विहायः । SD The evan, even by its white lustre, bebare like the moon, beautıful maden by her lovely gait acts like the swan, the water by its gratifying touch resembles a beautiful maiden, and the sky by its pellacidness resembles the water . 17. प्रतिवस्तूपमा-Typical Comparison. Ex. खलास्तु कुयला साधुहितप्रत्यूहकर्मणि । निपुणा फणिनः प्राणानपइतुं निरागसाम् ॥ RS. The wicked people srs expert in working obstacles to the well being of the good The serpents are clever in taking away the lives of the innocent. Here, कुचला and निपुणा are summlar attributes This ornament is also found in a series-HTE- प्रतिवस्तूपमा.

·APPES DIY. 151 Ex. वहति विषधरान् पटौरजमा शिरमि मसौपटलं दधाति दोपः। विधुरपि भगततरां कलझम् पिशुनजन खलु बिभ्रति धितीन्द्राः ।। RS The sandal tree bours serpents The lawp has on its head mats of boot. The moon too possesses a black spot The kings foster the tale beares Here, वहति, दधाति, भजते and बिभ्रति are similar attributes. 18. EETAT:—Exemplification. Ex, सत्पूरुप. खलु हिताचरौरमन्द- मानन्दयत्यग्निललोकमनुक्त एव । आराधितः कथय केन करदार। रिन्दुर्विकासयति कैरविणोकुलानि ॥ RS Certainly, a good man without being arond by any body) gladdens the whole world, not a little, by fats agroenble behaviour Propitiated by whom, tell me, docs the noun causo tla assemblages of bluo lotubes to blow by his illustrious rass! . . 27. पप्रसुतप्रगंमा-Indirect Description. The principal feature of this figure is that tho description of the carga, t.co, what is not the subjectnuatter, must convey a reference to the प्रस्तुत ..., the subject-inutter. 6 D., K. P, and R. S, meution firo varieties of thus figure कायें निमित्त सामान्ये विगेपे प्रस्तुने मति। तदन्यस्य वचस्तुस्प सम्यस्येति प पवधा ।

·APPENDIT 153 Here, the cruse, the lady's act, is described, when the effect, the prevention of her lover's departuro is to be understood (2) Cause 18 understood from the description of an effect इन्दुर्लिप्त एवाननेन जडिता दृष्टिगीणामिव प्रम्नानाणिमेव विद्रुगदल श्यामेय हेमप्रभा । कार्कश्य कलया च कोकिन्नवधूकरठेविय प्रस्तुत सौताया पुरतय हन्त पिखिना वहीं सगा इव SD Alas! In the presence of Sia, the moon looked as if besmeared with lamp-black, the eyes of the does appeared to practice stopefastion, the sidrumo leaf seemed to have attained faded redness, the tuktre of the gold became black, harshness seemed to have resided za the throats of the femalo cuckoor when they uttered sweet notes, and the tails of the peacocks deserved censure Hero, from the supposed effects of the moon being besmeared with the lamp blach etc, their causes, the extraordinary beauty of the face etc of Sita, aro understood (3) The particular is understood from the descrip top of a general कृतमपि महोपकारं पय व पौत्वा निराता। प्रत्युत इन्तु यतते काकोदरसोदर' सुलो जगति । R8 In thug syorl] 6 wicked map tba type of a sorpan, swallowing op even the great favour done (to him, liko will fearlegsly tnck on the contmry to kill this benefactor) IIero, the description of a riched man in general contej! A rofirmy Co e pertrou'u pya?, hlon ciu 8pcaher, the subject matter, 20 ·154 APPEYDIT. (4) A general is understood from the description of the pai ticular. हार वचसि केनापि दत्तमजेन मर्कट । लेदि निति सक्षिप्य करोन्युनतमासनम् । I R.S. The monkey, on whose bosom a necklace was placed by some ignorant fellow, licks and smells at (neck lace) and compressing the samo makes it to serse as a high rest {for himself) Here, the description of the particular which is not the subject matter refers to a general slntement that ignorant persons should not be placed in pooges- Blon of charming and valuable things which they do not deserve. Compare the proverb "To throto pearls before spino". (5) A similar thing is understood from the description of another, similar to जनक मानुविधपो जाति काष्ट' भुजङ्गमै सनः । स्वगुणैरेव पटौरन । यातोऽसि तयापि महिमानम् । Dhamintrus O Sandal tree! The father (natire place}u s particular moan tain (Malaya), thy creed is wood, and thy association u with the berpents, still thou hast attained to the greatness by the own good qualities Here, the description of the sandal tree conrege a referenco to a similar object, A good person born of a low caste and living aguust villains 45 EITETA.- Trustmation S D. defines thus figure tlus - Frustration is tilien by tho samo means that que empJugel 14 bring ing a thing to a particular state, arother brouge ist to ·APPENDIX. 155 an opposite one'--and quotes the following as an example दृशा दग्ध मनमिज जोक्यन्ति दृशैव याः । विरूपाक्षस्य नयिनीस्ता. स्तुमी वामलोचना। We ealogize the fair-eyed women, the conquerors of God Sive of uneven (lit. deformed) eyes in that they (women) with their eyes restore to life the God of Love who was burnt by the eye (of God Sava) 53. परिसंख्या--Special Mention, S. D defines this figure thus:-- • When with, or without a query, something is affirmed for the denial, expresssed or understood, of eomething else similar to it, it is Special Mention' Ex, किं भूपणं सुदृढमत्र यशो न रन कि कार्यमायंचरितं सक्कत न दोप.। किं चक्षुरमतिहत धिषणा न नेत्रम् जानाति कस्वदपर. सदरदिवेकम् । What is an imperishable (lit very firici) ornament hero (1a this werld)-fame, not agen What ought to bo performed _a good deed practised by the venerable men, and not a crime Which 19 called an unimpeded eyot--the intellect, not the eye (itself) Tho else than theo (0 king V knows the discrimination betwoon good und erle Here, agem etc, which are to be denied as an oraamentete , aro expressed, each preceded by aquery. . किमाराध्यं सदा पुएवं कर सेव्य सदागमः। को ध्येयो भगवान् विष्णुः कि काम्य परमं पदम् । What is ever to Lo practised yirtve. What is to bo resorted to the study of goodl science Who is to bo mcditatel apontho God Vishu Which 18 to be desired the abode of Prunu or Gaal beatitude and not sun'u understood ·156 APFENDI... Here, sio etc, which are to be denied, are understood, hero also preceded by a query. Tithout queries:- भक्तिर्भवे न विभवे व्यसनं शास्त्रे न युवतिकामा । चिन्ता यथमि न वयुधि प्राय परिदृश्यते महताम् । U Devotion to God Sirs and not to riches, intent aftarlunent to the science and not to youn, Wajden, the weapon of God of LOPP, anxiety for fame end not for body are generally founul xo the great Here, things to be denied are expressed. चलमार्तमयोपशान्तये विदुपा सम्मतये वहुश्रुतम् । वसु तस्य न केवलं विभोगुणवत्ताऽपि परप्रयोजनम् । The strength of that lord is for quelling the fear of the di tressed His great learoug is for honounns, the scholars Not only his riches but his possession of goori qualities too are for the purposes of others. This figure founded upon a Poronomasia is more strihing. For example see the text. 58. tatRivalry. Ex. मध्येन तनुमध्या में मध्य जितवतीत्ययम् । I भकुरभी भिनत्तास्या कुचकुनिभी हरिः । "This slender rausted maiden rarquiahol ang waist with Iram so thinking, the lion cleaves the frontal loby (on the forebradle of the elephant which resemble the jar Iako Lxxsoms of that lady. Hore, the lion unable to arengo itself directly on the dy, its conqueror in sanguiolin its waist by bers, cleares the frontal globes, oi tho clepiant, which have a connection of rescmblnnce with the circular bosomus of the lady. This kind of description proces thc excellenco of tho sasst of the lads. GO. Poctical Reason, Def. In a reason is implicd in a sentence or in a word or words, it is called Poctical Reason.

·APPENDIX 157 birth Ex वपु प्रादुर्भावादनुमितमिद जन्मनि पुरा पुरारे' न प्राय कचिदपि भवन्त प्रणतवान् । नमन्मुक्त सप्रत्यहमतनुरग्रेऽप्यनतिभाक् महेश! जन्तव्य तदिदमपराधयमपि । O God Siva (lit. D stroyer of 3 c tice)! By ti is (my) body comuns into ex stance it must be inferred that I never saluted to in any of my previous b eths And now sulating thee I am eman cprted, and I ti erefore bod legg cannot salute tl eo in my futuro Thug these tvo faults of mine should be pardoned O Great Lord 1 Here non salutntion becomes the reason for the faults committed and this fact 13 cxpressed by tro sentences TAT - non assumption of the body' is the reason for yů Tafauroh non salutation in the future birth' and we have a ferot in a single word नममुता 'final emancipation by saluting' is the reason for 2017 'non assumption of the body' and this fact having been expressed by two words that, we have tho Poetical Reason in more than one word NB-This figure occuring in a sentence should not bo confounded with the figures quiaTuTu Tran sition (59) nor with TAAH Inference on this, SD sys as foll is In tlie province of joutry the reason is three fold as being Informatie Com pletivo and Justificatisc (or Confirmatıc) Of these thirce sorts, the Infirmatu o Reason is the subject of the figure Inferenct * the Cornpletnic of the Pretical Reason and the Justificative of the Transition) Thus the Transition founded upon a causation is cridently distinct from the Poetiel Renson' 1 This figure is not treated in this book

·158
APPENDIX
S. D. defines it thus : – The notion, expressed in
a peculiarly striking manner, of a thing establislied
by proof, is termed Inference,' and exemplifics thus :-
यत्र पतत्यबलानां दृष्टिनिशिताः पतन्ति तव शराः।
तशापारोपितगरी धावत्यासां पुरः मरो मन्ये ।
"Wherever falls the sight of women, there fall sharpened Arrows;
Hence, I infer, Cupid runs before them with his bow furnished
with sbafts'.
92. mmCrooked Speech.
25'Emphasis' is an emotional alteration of the
sound or an affected change of voice in such a manner
as to imply the contrary mcaning of the cxpression
employed by the speaker.
Ex. असमालोच्य कोपस्ते नोचितोऽयमितीरिता।
नैवोचितोऽयमिति तं ताड़यामास मालया।
Lady! Thy anger is an inconsiderate one and is not just :
thus told (hy her lover), slie sagog (10 a prolated and affected toe)
'NOT jast' gave him a blow with her garland
95. ESITTĄ-The Exalted.
Example of the description of prosperity.
रवस्तम्भेषु मकान्तः प्रतिविम्वगतैर्वृतः । 1
जातो लकैमरः सछादाननयेन तत्वतः ।
Rarap surrounded by the innumerablo images of his own
reflected in the jewellel pillars of his palace) was with great
cuiculty rocognized by llanumin (ul. son of con
From this, the super-fn undane prosperity of
Rarana, king of Lanhã, the object onder description,
is apprehended.

·APPENDIS 159 It is essentially necessary that student should know what is here 'Conjunction and what is ti 'Commixture' as they are not treated in this book Def A combination of two or more of the orna ments treated in tlus booh Thich exist independently of each other in one place is called the Conjunction समृष्टि On the contrary 1 combinntion of tuo or more ornaments in one and the sime place which are subordinate to one another and about which there is dubiousness is called the Commixture #57 Example of Conjunction देव पायादपायान सरन्दीवरलोचन । संसारध्वान्तविध्यसहस कसनिखदन । May that God (hrishna) of the blooming lotus-like eyes the Slayer of hansa— the Sun an annıh lat ng the darkness of this worldly lifo protect us from calamity (te=Sun) In the compound To we have an Elliptical Smile No 1 in the omi sion of the word implying comparison, and in the compound #10, we have a Metaphor by the superimposition of the God Sun These two orniments exist in the Bane place independently of each other Example of Commixture प्रदमाभाति गगने भिन्दा सन्ततं तमः । I पमन्दनयनानन्दकरं मण्डलमैन्दवम् । Tl 18 lunar orb d spelling the th ck darkness and causing excessive delight to the eyeg slines in the sky This can be taken as - (1) TAUTET—Indirect Description, as thug description of the resplendent moon shining in the sky-the object not on land-conveys a reference upon Krishna ·162 APPFSDIT अल्प। II Tigues founded on Contrast ---विरोधमूला 13 अतिशयोक्ति 3rd and 4th kinds 44 विशेष! 33 विरोधाभास 54 विकल्प। 38 विपम। अतहण। 41 अधिक। 94 भाविक। 97 निरुक्ति। 13 III Tigures adhering to, or wolating, the lau of causation afarrutfai 5th, eth 10 विचित्र। and 7th Sinds 43 अन्योन्य। विभावना। 45 व्याघात। विशेषोति। 55 प्रमभव। 63 प्रोटोति। असगति। 100 हेतु। 34 35 ममुच्चय। 36 37 . IV L'igures relating to the Logical connection of uords an a sentence -वाक्यन्यायमूला । 50 यथामत्या 50 कारकदीपक। परिमग्या! 59 कायापति। रतावनी। । Tigures relating to the Logical connection of sences of turo enterncer --तकन्यायमूमा कायमिंग। प्रान्तरम्याम। विकार। 60 61 62 ·APPENDIX 163 लेश। ...VI Figures founded on Universality - लोकव्यवहारमूला । 22 विनोक्ति। 69 उल्लास 39 सम। 70 अवजा। 51 पर्याय। 71 अनुजा। 52 परिवत्ति। 72 57 समाधि। 90 लोकोक्ति। 58 प्रत्यनौक। 91 छेकोक्ति। 64 93 संभावना। स्वभावोक्ति। 65 95 मिथ्याध्यवसिति। उदात्त) 67 प्रहर्षण । 96 अत्युक्ति 68 98 विषादन। प्रतिषेध। 99 विधि। VII Figures founded on Dessimulation अपहवमूला । 30 85 व्याजस्तुति। पिहित। 31 86 व्याजोक्ति। व्याजनिन्दा। 32. प्राक्षेप। 811 गूढोति। 83 88 विकृतोक्ति। उत्तर। 84 89 युक्ति। 92 वक्रोति। -- VIII Figures founded on stnking chain like description - खन्नावैचित्रामूना 46 कारणमाना। 48 मालादीपक। एकावली। सार।

·160 APPENDIX. to a beautiful dame standing on the top of a skykissing mansion, her circular face alone being visible abore the parapet wall; (2) A Metaphor No. 1 THTHCAUFH as the moon's orb is super imposed upon a fair face intimated by the pronoun 'CH=this'; (3) afarifa No. 1 (Ethfawutim=Metaphorical Hyperbole), through the introsusception of the circular face in the orb of the moon ; (4) Tutula-Periphrasis, as the advent of tho night that escites delight in the minds of the united' lovers--the fact to be intimated by the speaker--has been expressed by a turn of speech--the description of the moon ; (5) Arfa --Modal Aſetaphor, as the face intimated by '64--this'--the object not on hand, is understood by the description of the moon—the object on hand, from a sameness of action, 1.c., the action of expelling the darkness of the night by their splen. dours ; (6) Jautfrat-Equal Pairing, as the face and the lupır orb which can be taken as objccts on band. are associated with a sameness of attributes--bining and expelling the darkness ; (7) aux-Illuminator, as the face and the lunar orb the former of which is now taken as the object on hand and the latter as one not on hand are together associated with one and the same attribute--the verb Thifa ; and so on. As we have here a dubiousness about all theso ornaments, this figure is called 5!

·All the Alankāras treated in this book may be classified under the following heads I figures founded on Similarity – पोपम्यमूला । - - 17 प्रतीप। श्लप। उपमा। प्रतिवस्तूपमा। 2 पनवय। 18 हटान्त। 3 उपमेयोपमा । 19. निदाना। 4 20 व्यतिरेक। 5 21 महोति। रूपक। 6 परिणाम। 23 ममासोनि । 7. उन्लेख। 26 8 स्मृतिमान् । 27 अप्रस्तुतप्रशसा। 9 भ्रान्तिमान्। 28 प्रस्तुताद्वार। 10 29 पर्यायोक्ता 11 अपभुति । 66 ललित। 12 उप्रेक्षा। 75 तहण । 13 अतिशयोक्ति Ist and 76 पूर्वरूप। 2nd kinds 78 अनुगुण । 14 तुल्ययोगिता 79 मौलित। 15 दीपक। 80 सामान्य ! 16 भारत्तिदीपक। 81 उन्मोलित। 82 विशेषक। .

·164 APPESDII, IX. Figures founded on striking epithets.- विशेषणवैचिवामूलाः। परिकर। | 25 परिकरांकुर। 24 Figure relating to conrention of Poets.- कविममयमूलः । 73 मुद्रा। Mutual distinctions of some of the more important Figures treated in this book DISTINCTIOY OF- उपमा 1 प्रतीप and 3 HKI 12 In UP.IJ., ncharon slrling expres-ed resemblance that lins been kinctioned by consention of procta and that wall crite pociand delight and give #n agreeable surpriso In PRATIPA, te Inase not got thnt striking reseinhlanec The usund form of comparison in inrert ed and the escullence of upmeye ouer ujxameinst is implieil In UTPREK. SH., ne haic a toro striching sug. gested resemblince not confined to the contention of ports but solris duo to the imaginature &kill of the past ·APPENDIX 165 उपमा 1 and अनन्वय 2 In UPAMA, the comparison 18 be. theen two distinct objects- upameya and npamana In ANANVAYA, one and the sime object is compued, ie , to itself in the absence of a second thing to be conipared to The resemblance 18 not a striking one उपमा 1 and उपमेयोपमा 3 In UPANA, we have the comparison in one sentence In the other, we bave the reciprocal coniparison between two distinct objects and the recipro cation is possible only in two sentences The comparision is not a striking one उपमा 1 and In UPAMA the comparison 1s ex pressed In RUPAL A, the comparison is not espressed but is suggested between two distinct objects represented as identical रूपक 5 उपमा . and In UPAMA, the comparison 1s not accompidied with a diffcrence In VYATIRCK I the difference is also stuted se comprison is stated in ono respect and denied in another respect व्यतिरेक 20 उपमा 1 and In UPAVIA, we have real expressed resemblance resting in the senses of frords In SLCSIA the su gested rescoblince rests in mere words with out reference to their meanings प 26 ·166 APPEDII 6994 5 and अतिशयोनि No 1 (13) रूपक 5 and In RUPAKA, two distinct objects upamana and upineya-are represented as identicii on account of their close resemblance In ATISAYOKTI No 1, upamey a 13 comprehended as identical with upamana through introeusception and is expressed by the word represent sag the upa inana In RUPAKA, upamana and up " meya are identified without their distinct charicters being concealed In APAHNUTI the real character of the upameya is concealed, ie, denied and that of another imaginary upamana 18 superimposed upon it In RUPAKA, the identification is not a mistaken one In BARANTI- MAN, it is mistaken one अपति 11 रूपक 5 and भ्रान्तिमान् 9 परिणाम 6 and ?מונוזוקו रूपक 5 In PARINAMA, the act of the sentient upameya is transferred to the up In RUPAKA, the upadana is not connected with any act of the upimeya lo ULLLKHA, the upameya 19 loohed upon is identical with several upamanis by one or different percerers through difference of pocularities ac cording to their taste. In RUPAKA, उल्लेख 7 and रुपक 5 ·APPFYDIS, 167 the uparneya is simple identified with one or many upaminas on account of their close resemblance only and not under any differential peculiarity स्मृतिमान् In SMRITIJAN, the sight of the 8 uprina bings to the niind of the be- FAIPATATA holder the recollection of the upamera 9 In BHRA VTLAN, we mistaho upaand meya for upwana In SANDEHA, संदेह we doubt the certainty of an object-- 10 rhether it is upamāna or upameya. f os fa In APAHNUTI, the upineya ig 11 denied, : e., is concealed and some other, ध्याजोति re, lipunt is imposed upon it In 86 VYAJOKTI, we have the artful conand cealment of nn object, though discover. पाक्षेप ed, uluch 19 not mentioned by the 32 pejson ho conceals the simo. In AKSIEPA, we have only'a sembinnce of denial in, pretended denial of 4 har has been acted by the speaker him. self उसमेधा 12 and पसिगयोति No 1 (13) In UTPREKSIIA the introsyjscep. tion is not complete, ie, the upimeya is fancied under the character of upine mann. In ATISA YOKTI, the introsusception 19 complete, ns tho upameya which is comprehended as upumāna is ·169 AFPENDIX. not mentioned and is expressed by the word expressing the upamāna. ভদ্রা 12 and नान्तिमान् 9 Io UTPREKSHA, the poet who enter tains the fancy is fully aware of the distinct nature of the upamera to slich he attributes the imaginary character-upamana. In BHRANTI- MAN, the person who mistakes the upameya for upamāna is not conscious of the ubameya—the subject mistaken, on account of its close resemblance with the upamāna sawa 12 and संदेह 10 In UTPREKSHA, the fancied upawūna is apprehended more prominently than the up ineya In SAVDEHA, both upımāua and upameya are apprehended as equally prominent on account of their close resemblance which creates a doubt in the mind of the perceiver who is therefore unable to decide whether the ubject before hun is really upameya or upamåua itself. Taufirar 14 and दीपक 35 In TULYAYOGITA, se hare the sameness of attribute of objects on hand, or of objects not on hand. In DIPAKA, the objects on hand and those not on hand are together associated with one and the same attribute mentioned only (See pages 46 and 47.) onca.

·प्रतिवस्तूपमा 17 दृष्टान्त 18 निदर्शना 19 and अर्थान्तरन्यास 61 APPENDIS, 169 In PRATIVASTUPAJA, we have a parallel representation of the same common attribute expressed by different words. In DRISHTANTA, we have a reflective representation of similar attributes. (See page 50 ) In PRATI- VASTUPAMA, the two sentences* employed terminate in conveying the same sense, In DRISHTANTA, the sentences * have a sinilar (sense reflectively expressed. In NIDARSANA, the senses of two sentencest terminate in a comprison. In ARTHANTARA. NYASA, we have the relation of general and particular between the senses of two sentences employed ono of which serves to ilustrate the other. afata 20 Hifaa 79 THTPUT 80 उन्मीलित 81 and विशेपक 82 In VYATIREKA, we have an or pressed resemblance accompanied by a difference. In MILITA, wo have a suggested resemblance, but tho difference between upameya and upamīna is not perceivable on account of tho one having been eclipsed by the other, 1 e., the upamcyr, inferior in quality, is not at all apprehended by its being cclipscd by the upanna, superior in quality. In SAMANYA, the two objects, up- • Are Independeat ol each other are dependent upon ench other 00 ·170 APPESUS mina and upwej 2, could not be dis tinguished on account of their hat my lihe properties and in the absence of any discriminating peculiarity In MLI- TA, the inferior object gives up its own quility. In SAMANYA, both the objects do not one up their qurities In UNMILITÄ, the diference alich was not perceirable is in IILITA, becomes 123nifest by come act of the percen er In VISESHAKA, the dis criminating peculiarity sluch was ab sent » SAVANYA bucotnes mmfest by the accidental operation of another agency समासोक्ति In SAVASOKTI, the object not on 23 hund, aprastuta 13 intimated by the des- 99 Tat cription of 10 object on hand, prasinta 27 In APRASTUTAPRASAUSA, the qutulan object on hand 13 intitated by the des 29 cription of an object not on land In and PARYAYOKTAM, wint is to becntı व्याजस्तुति mited is expressed by a turn of spercle 30 --by words which do not express at but by words wluch suggest it In VYA- JASTUTI, prarse 13 understood by npparent censure and censurc is understood by apparent praise. विभावना 34 In VIBHAVANA, chise an effect in the absence of a cause In VISE ·ATPEYDIY 171 fanufa 35 fatta 33 श्रमगति 37 विषम 38 व्याघात 45 मोढोति 63 and हेत 100 SHOKTI, we have an absence of the effect notwithstanding the existence of a ciuge or in other words, we have a cause without an effect In VIRODHA we have both the objects represented As apparently contradicting each other In ASANGATI we have a cause and the effect represented as occupying two different localities In VISHANA, we have a cause opposed to its effect In VYAGHATA we have one and the same cause producing different effectsone natural and the other the exact opposite In PRAUDHOKTI, we have simply an attribution of a cause to an effect as boldly sserted by the poet which cause cannot form the cause of that effect In HETU 2ND SORT we have a cause identified with its effect पर्याय 51 and In PARYAYA, we have one object residing in many places or many objects in one and the same place in succession In VISCSHA 2ND KIND we have one object existing in many places ne resid ing in many places simultaneously विशेष समाधि 57 uud समुख्य 55 In SAMADHI, the effect of an act through one cause is facılıtated by the accidental operation of another cause ind this c11150 is therefore more power ful than the other and hıçnce wc haye in ·INDEX. Page .. . ... 83/उन्नख (6) . .. Page प्रकमातिमयोति 40 उपमा (1) 113,143 149,164, 165 पताच (77) 120 अपमाथचकगन्दा 141 अतिगयीहि (13) 35-12,166,167 Do. प्रत्यया 149,143 चन्यन्तातिशयोक्ति 41 उपमयोपमा (3) 1,165 पन्युक्ति (96) 135 सास (69) 11 अधिकम् (41) 23,166 चनन्धय () 13,167| एकावली (47) 91 अनुगण (78) 121 कति समया 110 अनुन्ना (71) 11कारकदीपकम् (56) 99 अनुमानम 158 कारशमाला (46) 90 अन्धोन्यम् (13) 80 बायलिङ्गम् (60) 103,172,173 अपति (1) 37-30, 166 107 | काव्याथापति (59) 102 समानतामा(27) 60, 181, 170) केतवापङ्गति 30 पचासरन्याम (G1) 103 105 160,172 | गूढोक्ति (87) प्रधापत्ति (69) 102 चपलानिशयाकि 40 30 अपम् (12) 81 | कापहात पवना (70) 113/ 2कीकि (91) 13 पमति (37) 75, 76,171 महगुष (75) 118,113 सम्ममातियोजित 39/ सुत्ययागिता (14) 42-41,169 प्रसंभव (36) 74 दोपकम् (15) 15,168 पाचेप (32) 6068, 167 दृष्टान्त (18) 49,151, 109 पारमिदीपकम् (16) 17| निदर्शना (19) 50,51,100 136 वसरम् (23) 123,126,172/शिकशि (97) 5G धनचा (12) 31 31, 164, 167, 168 परिकर (es) 57 131 परिकगार (25) "",166 सम्मोक्तिम (81) 123,161/ परिणाम (C) . उदानम् (95) ·। Fagc 108 ." 115 131 पर्याय (31) 132 97 105 82 130 मतिषेध (98) .. 51,65 6971,170 68,171 130,170,171 86,81,171 123, 169 Page परिसन (52) 96 | ललितम् (66) परिस प्या (53) 96, 173 | लैश (72) पर्यस्तापनि 28 | लोकोक्ति (90) 95, 11वक्रोक्ति (92) पर्यायीकम् (29) 62, 63, 170 विकम्य (51) पिहितम् (85) • 127 विकस्वर (62) पूर्वरूपम् (76) 119 | विधिनम् (40) प्रतिवन्तपमा (17) 18,150, 169 विधि (99) 136 | विनीति (22) अनौपम् (4) 1518, 1G4 विभावना (31) प्रत्यनीकम् (58) 101 |विरोधाभाम (33) प्रस्तुत कर (28) G1 विश्तोकि (88) महर्षणम् (67) 108-110 विशेष (44) प्रोटीन (63) 105, 1m | विशेषक (82) भाविकम् (94) 131, 173 | विशेषोक्ति (35) মালিগলি 38| विषमम् (33) भातापनि 29 विषादमम् (68) भान्तिमान् (9) 25, 26, 160 167 168 यतिरेक (20) 93 याघात (15) मामादीपकम् (48) च्यामिदा (31) मालापतियनपमा मालीपमा 149 | म्यानम्नति (30) मियाध्यमिति (65) 107 यानीति (86) मोसितम (79) 122, 163,172| पापानि सुद्रा (73) 1107 (26) 94 सटि यषामखाम् (50) युति (89) 130 मार रसायनी (11) 117| अ (10) एमनीपमा 100 ममम् (39) पक्षम् (5) 1829,165, 106 | समाधि (37) पशानिमोदि गार 331 समामी (23) 78,79, 171 110 53, 163,169 88,69,171 C5 151, 152 63, 170 128,167 27 58, 165 159 163,100 27,26,101, ICS 40,81 100, 171 50170 ·172 APPENDIS same as samadkt unequal cidses In SANU. CHCHAYA 2ND KIND, all causes are equally powerful in bringing out the effect with emulation tho Maxim of the Thresbing floor and the Pecions*, 1c, just as the pegions alight together upon a thrcshing floor, each with einulation अर्थान्तरन्यास In ARTHANTARANYASA, ne 61 hayo two statements one of which illus and trates the other, re, one contains a काव्य लिग justificatife rerson for confirming the 60 other and thus ite hive here a relation of general and particular In KAVYA LINGA, one statement forms an i plied completive retson for the other and we huve no such relation of the general and the particular ACTT In MILITA, an object of inferior 75 quality 19 lost in the superior quality of and the other In TADGUNA, the object मौलित gives up its own inferior quality and as- 79 sumes the superior quality of the other. In UTTARA, Be infer from a state- 83 ment made that a question has been oferten wes musly medt Ju PARISAN 53 KHYA 2nd Arnel (scc Appendıx), wc and In hire both question and answer . उसका पोतिकात्याय ।

·APPENDIX
173
काव्यलिंग
60
खभावोलि
93
and
भाविक
94
KAVYALINGA, the reason which 19
not preceded by a question is an implied
one and 19 to be inferred by the student
from the context
In SVABHAVOKTI, we have a
exact delineation of an object with refer
ence to its pecular action or natural
appearance as is percived by the poet
alone In BHAVIKA, we have a
description of an event prst or future in
such a manger as can bring the subject
of description vividly before the minds
сус. .
प्रणम्य परमात्मानमांग्लभाषानुवादिनी।
हता कुवलयानन्दकारिकाविहतिर्मया।
TIE LYD

·INDEX. TAM Page. चकमामियोति 40 उपमा (1) 113 113110161,IES पतगुण (17) 120 अपमावाचजण पतियो(ि13) 35-12,166,167 Dar 112143 अन्यजातिशयोति उपमेयोपमा13) "1GS पति (96) 133 माम (69) अधिकम् (11) 83 उसय17) 27 100 चमन्वय (2) 131611एकाबनी (47) अनुगण (78) 121 कमिया 110 चमचा (71) 114/बारकदोपहम् (5) अनुमानम् 159 कारबमामा (46) मान्यम् (13) 85/बायनिकम (60) 103112113 पपति (11) 27 30 166 107 साम्यावाति (52) 104 मतपत्रमा ) 00 11 10/नि 30 बधानमाम (1) 103 100 1621: 2103) चचापति (1) 100 पमानिया Rur ta 30 चरना(70) 113/जाति (91) 118 119 पनि (37) 7316171 मनमानियोति 33 तुपाtan() पभा (36) दोरम (15) 15,14 चार (32) 6G G6 107 4 (19) 2151 19 17 मिनीयम (16) हिमा12) 2011" सन 183) 12312117A 136 निक) था (1) 3111 161 167 IN () 14 PRIL (3) एनिम् 1:110) परम (127 ·. Page पर्यशापति 131 . 4 प्रतिषेध (98) 54,35 Page परिसि (52) 96 | ललितम् (66) 108 परिसख्या (63) 96, 172 | सैम (72) 115 28 | लोकोक्ति (90) पर्याय (51) 95, 171 | वक्रोक्ति (91) 138 पर्यायोक्तम् (29) 62,63,170] विकन्य (51) 97 पिहितम् (85) • 127 पिकसर (62) 105 पूर्वरूपम् (76) 119 विचित्रम् (40) 82 मनिवस्तममा (17) 48, 150, 169 | विधि (09) 137 136 विनीति (22) प्रतीपम् (4) 1518,164 | विभावना (34) 6974,170 प्रत्यनीकम् (58) 101 विरोधाभास (33) 68, 171 प्रस्तुत कर (28) 61 | विश्तोकि (88) 130, 170,171 प्रहर्षणम् (67) 108-110 विशेष (44) 86, 87, 171 प्रौदीक्ति (63) 105,171 विशेषक (82) 123, 169 भाविकम् (94) 134, 173 | विशेषोक्ति (35) भेदकातिशयोनि 38 | विषमम् (38) 78,79, 171 29/ विषादनम् (68) 110 भातापति न्यतिरेक (20) भान्तिमान् (9) 25, 26, 166 167 168 53 165, 169 मालादीपकम् (48) 93 व्याघात (45) 88, 89, 171 65 বাংলালিমা 151, 153|व्यामनिन्दा (31) 149 मगुलोपमा व्याजस्तात (30) 63, 170 मिथ्याध्यवमिति (65) 107 व्याजीनि (86) 128, 167 मौलितम् (79) 122,169,172 | पडापति 27 सद्रा (73) 116| मेष (26) 58, 165 94 | समृष्टि 159 यथासख्यम् (50) 130 सहर युक्ति (89) 150, 100 रखावली (74) 117 | सन्देश (10) 25, 26, 167, 168 रमनीपमा 150| समम् (39) 80,81 रूपकम् (5) 1822,105,166 | समाधि (57) 100, 171 रूपकानिगयीति गुड़ा 35| समासीति (23) 50 170

·VIDYA
ANTIYA
SN
211.
so
hotely