·No text on this page.

·Indian Council of Medical Research
TECHNICAL REPORT
OF THE
SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY BOARD
FOR THE YEAR
1958
Price per copy : One Rupee
Obtainable from the Director,
Indian Council of Medical Research, P: 0. Box 494,
NEW DELHI (India).

·INDIAN COUNCIL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH GOVERNING BODY President :: Shri D. P. KARMARKAR, Minister of Hcalth, Government of India, - New Delhi, Vice-President: Shri V. K. B. PILLAI, 1.C.S., Secretary to the Government of India Ministry of Health, New Delhi, Members: Rous Lieut.-Colonel C.K. LAKSHMANAN, Maharaja Shri KRISHNA CHANDRA, M.S., M.R.C.P., D.T.M. & H., D.P.H., GAJAPATI NARAYANA DEO, Director-General of Health Services, Maharaja of Parlakimcdi; New Delhi. District Gánjam. ·Dr. J.N. MUKHERJEE, D.Sc., F.C.S. Licut.-Colonel JASWANT SINGH, MB; F.R.A.S.B., F.N.I Ch .B., D.TM. & H., D.P.H. _Memler,':Union Public Service Com Deputy Director-General of Hcalth mission, 2, Old Mill Road, New Delhi Services, New Delhi. Dr. N. S. HARDIKAR, M:P., Dr. M.S, THACKER, D.Sc., Engg., 10, Akbar Road, New.Delhi-2. M.J.E.E., M.I.M., Director General, Scientific & Industrial Dr. RAM GOTI BANERJI, M.P.; Research, Old Mill Road, New Delhi. 160-C, South Avenue, New Delhi. Licut-General B. CHOUDHURI, M.B., Dr. SUSHILA NAYAR, M.P., M.R.C.P., T.D.D., F.N.I. : 19, Rajpur Road, Delhi-8. Director-General of Armed Forces Medical Services, Ministry of Defence, Dr. DUKHAN RAM, B.Sc., M.B., D.L.O, New Delhi. D.O.M.S Head of the Department of Ophthalmo Dr. J. B. SHRIVASTAV., M.D., D.C.P. logy & Otorhinology & Dean, Faculty Director,' . Certal Rescarch Institute, of Medicine, Patna University, Kasauli. Patna. Dr. R. N. CHAUDHURI, M.B.B.S., MR. Dr. INDERJIT SINGH, M.B.B.S., Ph.D., C.P., T.D.D., F.N.I. Professor of Physiology, S. N. Medical Director, School of Tropical Medicine, College, Agra. Calcutta, Dr. SUBODH MITRA; M.B. Dr. Mcd, Dr. N. JUNGALWALLA, (Berlin), F.R.C.S., F.R.C.O.G. Director, All-India Institute of Hygiene F.A.C.S. & Public Hсalth, Calcutta. 4, Chowringheç Terrace, Calcutta-20. Secretary : Dr. G. G. PANDIT. M.B.B.S., Ph.D., D.P.H., D.T.M.,F.N.Í. irector, Indian Council of Medical Research, Nely Dell.i.

·CONTENTS Pago 1 2 I. Composition of the Scientific Advisory Board. - II, Composition of the Advisory Committees. III. Technical eport of the researches carried out during the year 1959. 15 CLINICAL RESEARCH 1. Clinical Research Unit under Dr. V.R. Khanolkar at the Indian Cancer Research Centre, Bombay. 2. Neurological Unit under Dr. V.R Khanolkar at the Indian Cancer Research Centre, Bombay. 15 17 IS 24 28 32 3. Clinical Re reh Unit under Dr. R.N. Chaudhuri at the School of Tropical Medicine, Calcutta 4. Schistosomiasis enquiry under Dr. R.K. Gadgil at the Grant Medical College, Bombay. ū Laquiry into the use of artificial lypothermia (Hibernation) in open intracardiac surgery_under Dr. P.K. Sen at the Setli G.S. Medical College, Bombay. 6. Investigation into the role of allergens and various other factors in the production of bronchial asthma in Rajasthan in general, and Jaipur area in particular under Dr. R.M. Kaslival at the SM.S. Medical College, Jaipur. 7. Enquiry on the value of commercial silk grafts to bridge large blood vessel gaps under Dr. Yudhveer Sachdev at the Medical College, Amritsar. 'S. Study of renal changes following ureteric ligation and an 39sessment of recovery following release of obstruction by ureteric transplantation under Dr. BN Balkrishna Rao at the G.R Medical College, Gwalior. 9. Enquiry into experimental production of pneumocon10913 and emphysema under Dr R.K. Goyal at the S.M S. Jedical College, Jaipur. on bio-microscopic study of the conjunctival vessels in relation to the general arteriosclerosis and coronary artery disease under Dr. K.N Mathur, Dr. K.S. Jathur and Dr. P.N. Wahi at the Jedical College, Agra. 11. Enquiry on biochemical studies on tumor under Dr Roy in the Department of Applied Che? Unirersity, Calcutta. 34 35 10. Enquiry 38 39 ·12. Enquiry on synthetic mclia of tissue culture and the incasurcinent of proliferation of cells under Dr. C.V. Ramakrishnan at the Faculty of Science, Baroda University, Baroda, 1:3. Clinical study of neuropathies under Dr. P.N. Chuttani at the Medical College, mritsar, 41 14. Enquiry entitled Relative value of rest and movement in the treatment of intra-articular fractures an experimental study' under Dr. B.Vukopadhya at the P.W. Medical College, Patna. 42 13. Experimental sturly of the role of adrenal cortex in the genesis of congenital abnormalities under Dr. I.P. Agarwal at the G.R. Medical College, Gwalior. 45 16. Investigations into the epidemiological factors of rheumatic heart disease under Dr. Deri Chand and anti-streptolysin titres in children under Dr. S.L. Bhatia at the Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi. 47 17. Comparative study of serological techniques in detecting antibodies following immunization with S. Typhi O antigen in rabbits and in sera of patients suffering from enteric fevers under Dr. A.K. Banerjee at the S.S.K. Bemorial Hospital, Calcutta. 48 18. Enquiry on the early diagnosis of enteric ferers under Dr.N.P. Gupta at the K,G. Medical College, Lucknow. 49 19. Investigation into the problem of chronic splenomegaly and its relation to hepatic pathology under Dr. B.K. Aikat and Dr. A.K. Basu at the S.S.K.J. Hospital, Calcutta. 50 20. Enquiry into electrophoretic study of immunised rabbits with particular reference toimmunological tolerance under Dr.D Barua at the S.S.K.M. Hospital, Calcutta. 53 21. Study of kwashiorkor with special reforence to histopathological and histochemical changes in the cutaneous losions under Dr. C. Mohan Rangam at the M.G.M. Medical College, Indore. 55 22. Studies on the role of inositol in hyperlipemic conditions under Dr. V. Srinivasan at the Madurai Medical College, Madurai. 50 23. Study on the effects of selecter respiratory stimulants in states of pulmonary insufficiency associated with hypercapnia and hypoxia under Dr. N.R. Konar at the Nilratan Sircar Medical College, Calcutta. 57 ·(iii) 24. Enquiry on the pollination calender for Greater Delhi at the Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, Delhi. 50 35. Eaquiry on the relative values of colpomicroscopy and vaginal cytology in detection of early carcinoma of cervix uteri under Dr. Chinmoy Ghosh at the Calcutta National Medical Institute, Calcutta. 60 26. Induction of gall stone in monkeys under Dr. B.N. Balkrishna Rao at the Medical College, Gwalior. 62 27. Enquiry into the indigenous materials and methods employed by the people of Andhra Pradesh for the maintenance of health treatment and prevention of some common diseases under Dr. DV. Sabba Reddy, Osmania Medical College, Hyderbad-Dn. 63 28. Efect of tissue therapy in the prevention of blindness due to degenerations and abiotrophies of the retina and choroid under Dr. J. Bose at the RG. Kar Medical College, Calcutta, 67 29. Enquiry into blood stream cooling as a method of inducing and maintaining hypothermia under Dr. A.K Basu at the S.S K.M. Hospital, Calcutta 69 30. Investigation into the pathogenesis of spinal concussion following injuries of spine under Dr. H.K. Sarkar at the S.S K.M. Hospital, Calcutta. 71 31. Hydrocephalus in infants and children-investigation of its aetiology and treatment under Dr. R. Nigam at the Medical College, Nagpur. 73 32. Clinical and experimental studies on keloids under Dr. K.K. Ghosh at the Medical College, Calcutta. 75 33. Development of a biologically specific histochemical method for the localization of pituitary-hormones under Dr. V.R. Khanolkar at the Indian Cancer Research Centre, Bombay. 80 34. Survey of malignant lesions of the oropharynx in the popula. tion of Guntur District to evaluate predisposing and exciting causes, if any, for the high incidence of these lesions in the area unler Dr. Jagandha Reddy at the Guntur Medical College, Guntur. 81 3.7. Studies on the physiology of dermatophytes under Dr. A.X. Chakravorty at the School of Tropical Medicine, r' ·1,7 l ;11;*il: : :*11*1*11*:- 31 isomisto primacinatest !!! ilin is: an mirr unis: 1), 1.1.1.**.:. !! !! 1:mi ' 1.... lirit. . 1:4 *** s. r.... surorili tu!?).3:1 :: 1!.;: 'Herlit !:: ir Ir. 1. 1. 1'118.:"1itra! 7,5" MT;Stilfeller. Ini in ruir o entantia Cri4 175 7. .1!!! 10:16. In 12. the S... Viral 1. f. int, shop fini intimnijimase: ::::ins 17. Il!!! S.VI. I!1:11 C.. jaipur. !!. Dit: "*:*"! Inap, 24:11: :3!1-1 tkrir . in poste ;.' : 1):. P. Gustas! D). SP 1:1;!;!!!!! l. liicci tvilegeLiscina i V!. Di, 31 21:1:"i in i bruin in relation to Pigy ! in :: 375*1.1Prvok in "Sprinte ..!!! in l:"! 23. list ist: D. J. Gino7777":3! Kiral (G1....,-. +... EXT":19. in l.'1 in lizer isso clini. 28.1.1:! 15 primental Eliy unior Dr. K.M. Win1 R.I.L. chris K.G. Velica Colt 1.::ch.. tܨܐ ܀ 13. Enquiry in the risentie crnici:x «f the cells of stric nous De ani is al::ina unies diffrent conditions unrii, D: ... Bis il!it 3: the Y.S. Vmiicial College. Cilic:ti:?. 44. Experint::l pro-luction of rincer in mice with tobacco tirani linat ürilir. 1):. 1). Govinda Pscily at the Inhr Medical Callese. Visakhapa: 12111. 4.7. Sorolerical -tolies s!! iripical ensinophili: unuiles Iir. B.P. Saxº? it the (.P. Jelical College, Gisalivr. 46. Experimental stuiics in the liroduction n[ hipersensitivity in animals under different conditinns of endocrine meta- Tolism under Dr. D.X. Shipuri at the Vallabbbhai Patel Chest Institute, Delhi. fi. Enquiry on the natural history of nephritis an experimental study under Dr. K.P. Sengupta and Dr. B.K. dikat at the Institute of Post Graduate Vedical Erlucați. Il and Research. Calcuttu.

·13 (u) Studies on the biochemical and clinical aspects of louco. derma undec Dr. B. Banerjee at the Medical College, Calcutta. OS 49. Effects of partial obstruction of bile ducts on secretion, composition of hile and structure and function of liver in dogs under Dr. J.D. Sachdev at the M G.M. Medical College, Indore. 99 60. Studies to determine the role of vitamin C on the healing of fractures under Dr. KN. Udupa Civil Surgeon, H.P. Hospital, Sımla. 100 101 102 51. An experimental and clinical evaluation of synthetic substitutes for autogenous fascia in muscle transference operations around tho hip under Dr. SK. Chatterjee at the Nilratan Sircar Medical College, Calcutta. 52 Determination of the relation between intra-ocular tension and the hyaluronic acid hyaluronidase enzyme system under Dr. KR Kesavachar at the Medical College, Nagpur. 53. Circulation of aqueous humour-its study by fluorescein technique and radioactive tracer substances sodium 2+ (crystalloid) and iodine (colloid) under Dr. Sen Gupta at the Medical College. Calcutta, 54. Investigations of hearing in the deaf by moans of speech audiometer with particular view to evolve a set of words in Hindi under Dr. R.N Misra and Dr. M.L. Bhatia at the K.G Medical College, Lucknow. 5.7. Studies on gluocose content of skin and blood in patients with some infections of skin under Dr. T.D. Majumdar in rallaboration with Dr. B Chakravarti, Asstt. Prof. of Phra siology at the Nilrutan Sircar Medical College, Calcutta. 1033 101 105 Cardiovascular 56 Study of distribution of atherosclerotic heart disease o various social groups in Delhi and its correlation with serumi cholesterol and lipid levels under Dr. S Padmavati at the Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi. 100 57. Study of environmental and nutritional factors affecting the inc dence of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease under Dr. KS. Dlathur and Prof P.X. Wahi at the Medical College, Agra. 105 ss, Study of the pattern of coronary circulation by injection technique with special reference to its relationship to the incidence of coronary heart disease under Prof. P.N. VVahi and Dr, K.S. Mathur at the Medical College, Agra. 109 ·(11) 2. 11-siry on the sailors.),zsrl ror:c8,11»Sirena inilc)choles. tool in the internanthritilausja unler 1). (i.) Noles in tlir Merrni (nline Infore. 6) Balm 37% hypost'anniti sndre B). Kli, D.:!ay 14 thre:h iis Mirallslega misy. 111 ril. Bron: nliza taloliy mlot hyphermin unler 1):. Siir.19 Kapit at ili" 1.1, Jrdical College. Iormat, 114 * 1 study of us on:ry ritesilo: 1:1 in rintmal ani nbns. 12l!*484suis " inejlon ir of atler.scloswis al under Dr. Ir. H.J. 1 r.27.1.it Il Sot! (., Jelical (iller, Bumblr. 115 vietimul ministratis! » serum cholesterol for a lipoprotein pat XTI 4mins Dr. 81.c. Sinhin at the Mariial (alritta. til Brairy on the tal si iste of relatin riministerci in japan bir ilustro urrin: 1):. (, Sirariinan at the 1:14:13 Chemie al lair witory. Pron. 117 Haematological H. 11cm 1: 1ozie! tinit under Ds, .1.1. Chatterjen it the hool of Tropical Medicine. Calcutta. 119 titi. Bairy on an "inias in infants ani chiliren at the Grant Helical Cllege, Bombay. 1.3 17. Enquiry entitled"Experimental studies on acquired Haemoly. ti ingenin ulir D): 1.V. SO, at the Institutr of Post- (irante Medical Education & Research, Calcutta. 12+ lis Siwls on the pichozenosis of anacrii in infections under DE V.S. Jangalik and. Dr. Sharad Kumar at the KG. Medical College, Lucknow. 127 til. Sudy of im un logic mechanisns of leucocyte abnormilities under Dr. Shara'l Kumar an Dr. Vis. Jangalik as the KG. Jordical College, Lucknow, 130 TO, Enquiry to find out R! phenotypes in West Bengal and to prepire anti-Rb testing sera under Dr. Sourin Ghosh at the Medical College, Calcutta, 132 Liver Diseases linancar warnacol. n. DI 72 ·136 137 (vii) 72. Enquiry on "blood and CSF ammonia and glutathione in liver disease with or without corna and the effect of gultamate on these levels and on the clinical condition" under Dr. Shiv Kumar at the Medical College, Apristar. 73. Experimental study of the effects of increase in portal vein fraseure with reference to the development of ascite and its relation with blood flow in the hepatic artery under Dr. R.M.L. Mehrotra at the K,G, Medical College, Lucknow. 74. Study of the liver in cirrhosis following ligation of the splenic artery or splenectomy under Dr. F.P. Antia at the Topiwala National Medical College, Bombay. 75. Investigation into some aspects of the pathogenesis of ascites with special reference to the ascites in cirrhosis under Dr. N.C. Nayak and Dr, GS, Mohapatra at the SCB Medical College, Cuttack 76 Enquiry into the effects of crude liver extraot used in. travenously in experimental hepatic cirrhosis uoder Dr. L.R. Sarin at the S.M.S. Medical College, Jaipur, 77. Electron microscopic studies of cirrhosis of liver at the Indian Capcer Research Centre, Bombay. 140 111 COMMUNICABLE DISEASES Cholera 78. Enquiry on the evaluation of the phagos acting on vibrios and application of bacteriophage typing in epidemiological investigation on cholera under Dr. M.N, Lahiri and Dr. B. Ghosh Roy at the AllIndia Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, Calcutta. 79, Cholera enquiry (Endotoxin) under Dr. E.K, Narayanan, at the Central Research Institute, Kasauli. 147 80. Immuno-chemical studies with reference to Vibrio Polysaccharides and proteins under Dr Gurkirpal Singh and Dr P Devi at the Central Research Institute, Kasauli. 148 S1. Production of experimental enteritis with bacteria associated with cases of clinical cholera under Dr. S.N Do at the Medical College, Calcutta, 82. Immuno-chemical studies in vibrio cholerae under Dr. DL. Shrivastava at the Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow. 150 83. Cholera enquiry under Dr. K. Bhaskaran at the Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow. 152 ·(rii) Leprosy :i. Joprosty resentah unit mrles Dr. X, Mukerjee it the School of Tropical Velicine, Calcutt:1, 153 7. Loreprosy cuiry underr Dr. 1.R, Klinnollar al tlin Tata Memorial Hospital, Bumbar. 1541 si lprory inquiry ander Dr. Paul Il. Brand at the Christinn Helical (lys, Vellos, 107 Si. leprosy squiry unler 15. X. Finnerindo at the Acworth 1. Post Bloom, Bombny. 15:) fyri. Laludin sewulins of human frprosy uimedes Dr. (ofiss) B.U. puta st char Indian Ciner Borch Centre, Bombny, 10:1 ). Tinquiry fat in the lord of enervation on thie Iritani physiolo:10:1 remproperty of the blond vessels of te poot in leprosy with it vier to delarmining the state futrition of the 14-11% of the foot in reintion to trir lisb:ling to ulertition unters Dr. E.M. Fritschi the Schichtlin L,“pirus. Hereh Srim, P.O. Kariyiri, Youll Iron Disti., Jadrau Sunte. 160 Malarin :, Benquiry on the control of filariasis ll'. Jalnyi in Shertallai, lierula Nate, umer the Director, Malaria Instituto of India, Delhi. 107 51. Surlins on the general behaviour of vertus species of Anopliclines it the Valeria Institute of India, Delhi. 169 9. Pilot studies on the control of racontiasis (Guinea vorm) in Indii under the Director, Manria Institute of India, Duli. 170) Tuberc losis 93. Tuberculosis Suricy under Dr. P.V. Benjamin, Tuberculosis Adviser to the Government of India. Directorate-General of Health Services, New Delhi. 171 194. Scheme of tuberculin retesting of persons vaccinated in the mass B.C.G. campaign in India under Dr. P.V. I enjamin, Tuberculosis Adviser to the Government of India, Directorate.General of Health Services, New Delhi, 173 ·1 (12) 05 Tuberculosis. Chemotherapy Project in Madras 'under' Dr. P.V. Benjamin, Tuberculosis Adviser to the Government of India, Directorate-General of Health Services, New Delhi in association with the WHO/BMRC. 17 96 Enquiry on the cultural characters and pathogenicity of chromogenic, acid fast bacilli and saprophytic acid fast bacilli and atypical strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis * under Dr. Balbir Singh at the Irwin Hospital, New Delhi. 177 97, Enquiry into the susceptibility of guinea-pigs from different parts of India to infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis under Dr. R.K. Goyal at the S. M. S. Medical College, Jaipur. 98 Tuberculosis field research project, under Dr. Frimodt Moller, Madanapalli. 181 99. Enquiry on bronchoscopic studies in 'cases of pulmonary tuberculosis under Dr R.N Tandon at the Kasturba T.B. Clinic and Hospital, King George's Medical College, Lucknow 183 1SC 184 100. Diagnosis of active primary pulmonary tuberculosis in children with old tuberculin of varying dilutions by intracutaneons multiple puncture method under Dr. Saktipade Bhattacharjee at the Nilratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital, Culcutta. 101. Enquiry into morbid anatomy and bacteriology of resected lungs in pulmonary tuberculosis under Dr. D Barua at the Institute of Post-Graduate Medical Education and Research, Calcutta 187 102. Pharmacological studies on a new anti-tubercular antibiotic under Dr. S. Chandrasekhar at the Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, Delhi, 189 Venereal Diseases 190 1. 103. Enquiry on treponemal antigen tesis for Syphilts under Dr, CW. Chacko, Ven real Diseases Laboratory, Government General Hospital, Madras. 104. Enquiry on the isolation and establishment of virus of lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) in embryonated chicken egs and the preparation of Frei antigen from it under Dr. C.W Chacko, Venercal Diseases Laboratory, Government General Hospital, Madras. 105. Co-operative study of the patients of Mental Hospital, Madras, with reference to the role of syphilis as a direct or indıreet factor in causation of mental diseases under Dr. RV. kejam at the Govt. General Hospital, Madras 191 193 ·(2) 106. Enquiry into liabilities to vonercal infection by migration and transforence of rural population to industrialized urban centre undor Dr. H.I. Jhala, Director, Haffkine Institute, Bombay, 195 Plague 107. Standardisation of technique in the the study of resistance of fleas against DDT under Dr. P. Sen at the School of Tropical Medicine, Calcutta. 196 108. Study of rodent species and their susceptibility to plague infection in the epidemic areas of Bombay State under the Director, Haffkine Institute, Bombay. 199 DENTAL HEALTH 109. Study of development and growth of dentition of Indian children under Dr. R.S. Nanda at the Deptal College and Hospital, Lucknow. 199 / 204 110. Enquiry into the effect of sodium-hexametaphosphate in the treatment of periodontal diseases under Dr. K.L. Shourie at the Sir C.E.M. Dental College, Bombay. 111. Study of blood changes associated with periodontal diseases under Dr. T.N. Chawla at the Dental College and Hospital, Lucknow. 205 112. Investigation to gauge the value of various endodontal treatment for the abscessed pulpless deciduous and young permanent teeth_under Dr. Vimla Sud at the Safdarjang Hospital, New Delhi. 206 113. Analysis of foodstuffs for fluorine content at the King Institute, Guindy, Madras, 207 114. Enquiry entitled Prevalence of periodontal disease under Dr. T.N. Chawla at the Dental College and Hospital, Lucknow. 20S 209 .. 115. An evaluation of traumatogenic occlusion as an etiological factor in periodontal disturbances under Dr. K. P. Choudhury at the K. G. Medical College, Lucknow. 116. Enquiry on periodontal disease in Punjab under Dr. B.R. Vacher at the Government Dental College and Hospital, Amritsar. 210 ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE & SANITATION 117. Public Health Engineering Research unit under Dr. T.R. Bhaskaran at the All-India Institute of Hygiene & Public ·(21) 118. Study on the different types of latrines used in rural areas under Prof. N. Majumdar at the All-India Institute of Hygiene & Public Health, Calcutta. 212 119. Enquiry to study the effect of temperature and time of storage on biorerial densities of water and to complie the British Ministry of Health and APHA technique for quantitative detection of Coliform Group of Bacteria under Dr. S.V. Ganapati, Chief Water Analyst, Delhi Joint Water & Sewage Board, New Delhi. 214 INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 120. Industrial Health Research Unit under Dr. M.N. Rao at the All-Tadia Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, Calcutta. 216 219 121. Enquiry into the causes of absenteeism in an Industrial under Dr. H.P. Dastur at the Tata Industries Ltd., concern Bombay. 122. Enquiry into Bigassosis at the Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, Delhi, 220 MATERNAL & CHILD HEALTH 1999 444 123. Studies in Rh sensitization under Dr. V.S.Mangalik at the K.G. Medical College, Lucknow. 124. Study of Rh factor in pregnant mothers under Dr. Subodh Blitra and Dr. Santosh Mitra in collaboration with Dr. C.R. Das Gupta and Dr RK Dutta Chaudhuri at the Chittaranjan Cancer Hospital, Calcutta. 227 •125. Enquiry on the incidence and causes of still births and neo-natal deaths under Dr P.M. Naidu and Dr V. Gopal Rao at the Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad-Deccan 232 126. Enquiry into the causes of pre-natal deaths under Dr. A, Bhomik and Dr. S. De at the Medical College, Calcutta. 234 127. Study on chloropromazine in the field of obstetrics under Dr. S.C. Bose at the diedical College, Calcutta. 235 128. Clinical and hormonal studies in women with primary and secondary amenorrhoea under Dr, L.V. Phatak at the G.R. Medical College, Gwalior. 237 ·(xii) 129. Inquiry on hormone nssays for pregnancdiol ocstrogens chorionic gonadotrophins and 17.Ketosteroids under Dr. S. Mitrn nt tho Chittaranjan Cancer Hospital, Calcutta. 239 130), Sturly of hypotonic inertia in labour under Dr. D.L. Poddar at the N. R. S. Medical College, Calcutta. 241 131. Enquiry into the cytological and cytochemical behaviour of human plnccpta and its possible role in toxacmias of pregnancy uncler Dr. Chinmoy Ghoso and Dr. Jyotirmoy Chntterjee at the Calcutta National Medical Institute, and Institute for Post-Graduntc Medical ducation and Research, Chloutta, 244 132. Studies of Rh. isoimmunizntion during pregnancy and its bearing on the incidenco of crythroblastosis foctalis under Dr. S.C. Bosc at the Medical Collego; Caloutta. 245 Causes 1:3. Investigation into tho of abortions in Guntur under Dr. R. Satyabhama Reddy at the Modical College, Guntur. 246 13.1. Enquiry into the incidence and naturo of worm infestation in infants and pro-school children in Calcutta under Dr. Muktha Son nt tho All-India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, Calcutta. 247 1:35. Enquiry into the incidence and nature of infestation in wcrm infants and preschool group of childern in Indore under Dr. J N. Polowalla at the M.G.M. Medical College, Indore. 248 MENTAL HEALTH 136. Enquiry into the psychological factors related to adolescent adjustment under Dr. T.K.N Menon, Dean, Faculty of Education & Psychology, M.S. University of Baroda, Baroda. 249 137. Enquiry on electro-encephalographic and electro-corticographic studies with the help of specially designed magnetic pick-up wave analysers under Dr. M.V. Govindaswamy and Shri R.L. Narasimhaiya at the All-India Institute of Mental Health, Bangalore. 250 138. Enquiry to establish the validity and reliability of sedation threshold test as defined by Shagags in diagnosis and prognosis of certain psychiatric entities under Dr. N.S. Vahia at the Seth G.S. Medical College, Bombay. 251 139. Pilot studies on mental morbidity in selected parts of Mysore State under Dr. M.V. Govindaswamy at the All-India Institute of Mental Health, Bangalore. 255 ·(xiii) 140. Study of relationship of child rearing practices or antecedents to the behaviour problems in children under, Dr. B.D. Bhatia, Director, Child Guidance Clinic, College of Nursing, New Delhi. 257 NUTRITION 258 11. Nutrition Research Unit under Dr. B.C. Guha at the University College of Science and Technology, Calcutta. 142. Nutrition Research Unit under Dr. GK. Gukhale at tho Seth G.S. Medical College, Bombay. 253 143. Enquiry on the role of nutritional deficiencies in the causation of peptic ulcer under Dr. C., Raghavachari at the Medical College, Trivandrum, . 260 . 144. Guitre Pilot Survey Prɔject, Pathankot, Punjab. 262 145. Scheme on relationship between malnutrition and bladder stones under Dr. D. 1. Anderson at the Evangeline Booth Hospital, . 'Ahmednagar. 263 146. Enquiry on the influence of soil condition and genetic mako up on the yield, and nutritive value of Indian pulses under Dr. G.C Ësh and Dr U.P. Basu at the Bengal Immunity Research Institute, Calcutta, 265 1 147 Enquiry on separation of different forms of vitamin A, and effect of replacement of vitamin A by vitamin A, in small land aninals under Dr. P.D. Dalvi at the S. M. S Medical College, Jaipur, 267 148. Physiological studies of human milk and its role in infant feeding under Dr. A.C. Majumdar and Dr. (Smt.) Amala Chaudhuri at the Institute of Child Health, Calcutta. 269 149. Enquiry on the mineral nutrition of lactic acid producing bacteria under Dr D.B Desai at the B.J. Medical College, Poona, 271 150. Enquiry on malignant malnutrition in children under Dr. L.S N. Prasad at the P.W. Medical College, Patna. 273 151: Study of articles of food, diet and dietary habits of various tribes of North East Frontier Agency under Dr. SR.K, Iyengar at the Health Training and Research Centre, Pasighat, (N.E.F.A.).. 274 ·(xiv) 152. Statistical analysis of the hoalth records of pupils in Poona between the ages and 18 with special reference to their height and weight and menarche in the case of girls under Dr. (Mrs.) Kamlabai Chitale, Poona. 275 153. Studies on the role of dietary protein in the synthesis, enhancement or dimunition in the activity of pancreatic trypsin under Drs. R.C. Shukla and Dr. B.K. Malviya at the K.G. Medical College, Lucknow 276 154. Study on the urinary changes on changing the cereal in the diet from wheat to rice or vice versa under Drs. N.P. Banwari and K. S. Sharma at the G.R. Medical College, Gwalior. 277 155. Longitudinal studies of anthropometric measurements during the first two years of life in healthy Indian babies in Delhi State under Dr. Sheila Singh Paul at the Kalavati Saran Children's Hospital, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi. 278 156. Studies on calcium, phosphorus and protein metabolism including utilisation of mixtures of dietary vegetable proteins at the Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore. 279 157. Nutritive value of foodstuffs at the Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore. 281 158. Investigations on field trials with protein rich foods under Dr. C.N. Rukmini at the Corporation of Madras, Madras. 282 159. Field trials with portein rich foods under Dr. Muktha Sen at the All-India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, Calcutta. 283 160, Clinical trials with proteins rich foods under Dr. R.N. Chaudhuri at the School of Tropical Medicine, Calcutta. 284 161. Clinical trials with protein rich foods Dr. S. T. Achar at. the Madras Medical Medical College and Government General Hospital, Madras. 285 Human Lactation 286 162. Studies on human lactation under Dr. J.W. Airan at the Wilson College, Bombay. 163. Human milk studies under Dr. J. Ganguly at the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. 287 ·IG4. Studies on human lactation under Dr. C.V. Ramakrishnan at the Baroda University, Baroda. 288 Protein Metabolism 165. Enquiry on protein metabolism_in under-nourished and malnourished children under Dr R. N. Chaudhuri at the School of Tropical Medicine, Calcutta. 989 166. Enquiry into the protein requirements in pregnancy and lactation under Dr. H. N. Banerji at the G.R. Medical College, Gwalior, 292 167. Enquiry on protein requirements in pregnancy under Dr M. P. John at the P. W. Medical College, Patna. 293 Energy Metabolism 169. Studies on energy metabolism under Dr. Shiv Kumar at the Medical College, Amristar. 294 169. Studies on energy metabolism under Dr. S Banerjee at the Presidency College, Calcutta. 295 Carbohydrate, Vitamin and Mineral Metabolism . 170. Metabolic studies in the B group of vitamins with special reference to folic acid and vitamin Bll, under Dr. A. Sreenivasan at the University of Bombay, Bombay. 297 171. Studios on metabolism of vitamin K and riboflavin under Dr. S.C Roy at the University College of Science and Technology, Calcutta. 301 172. Studies on carbohydrate, vitamin and mineral metabolism under Dr. M.C. Nath at the Nagpur University, Nagpur. 303 173. Studies in carbohydrate, fat vitamin and mineral metabolism under Dr. P.S Sarma at the University of Madras, Madras. 304 174. Studies on carbohydrate, vitamin and mineral metabolism under Dr. S Banerjee at the Presidency College, Calcutta. 305 175 Enquiry on the metabolism of vitamins under Dr. J. Ganguly at the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. 308 ·(avi) } Second Fire ycar Plan Schemos Studies on the Nutritive Valuc of Foodstuffs 170. Studies 0:1 nutritive value of foodstuffs undor Dr. M.V. R::chakrishna Rao at the Haffkine Institute, Bombay. 310 177. Studiet on nutritive value of food-stuffs under Dr. B.C. Guha at the University College of Science and Technology, (alcutta. 311 178. Studies on nutritive value of food-stuffs in the Northwest region of Tudin un:ler Dr. B. 1). Kochar at the Food and Drug Drug Research L'iboratory, Ambala Cantt. 312 Food Technology 179, Investigations on parboiling of rice under Dr. B.C. -Guha and Dr. A.V Bose at the University College of Science and Technology, Calcutta, and the College of Engineering and Technology, Jadavpur, Calcutta. 313 Growth and Physical Development of Indian Infants and Children 190. Studies on the growth and physical development of Indian infants and children under Prof. D.N. Viajumder at the Lucknow University, Lucknow. 314 I$1. Crose sectional studies of growth and physical develop. ment of normal healthy Indian infants and children under Dr. J.N. Berry at the Medical College, Nagpur. 315 182. Studies on growth and physical derelopment of Indian children under Dr. P. Tirumala Rao at the Andhra Medical.. College, Visakhapatnam. 316 183. Studies on growth and physical development of Indian infants and children under Dr. M.V. Phadke at the Sassoon Hospital, Poona. 317 on 194. Studies growth and physical development of Indian infants and children under Dr. (Driss) L.V. Pathak at the G.R. Medical College, Gwalior. 319 185. Studies on growth and physical development of Indian infants and children under Dr. P.C. Biswas at the University of Delhi, Delhi. 319 186. Enquiry into the somatotyping of male college students in Nagpur under Dr. J.N. Berry at the Medical College, Nagpur. 320 ·(trii) Lathyrism 32 187, favestigations on lathyrism under Dr. (Mrs.) K. T. Ganapathy át Gandhi Memorial Hospital, Rewa. 189. Investigations on lathyrism under Prof. TS. Sadasivan at the University Botany Laboratory, Madras, 32 Fluorosis 189 Research on deflourinating substances applicable to water, development of a defluorinating process for practical application in areas of endemic fluorosis under Dr. Sc. Pillai at the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. 325 Goitre on 190 Research on en lemic goitre under Dp V Ramalingaswami at the All-Indian Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 326 PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 191. Indigenous drus enquiry at the School of Tropical Medicine, Calcutta 327 192. Study on the anti-veratrinic, anti-accelerator aud anti-arrhythmic activity, of indigenous and synthetic drugs and the action of anaesthetics and pre-anaesthetios on cardiac antomaticity and conductivity under Dr. R.B. Arora at the All-India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delbi. ': 1 330 193 Enquiry into the influence of anti-rheumatio substances : on the hypo-physico-adrenocortical axis under Dr. G. K. Karandikar at the Medical College, Baroda. 332 191. Enquiry on the anti-convulsants and antifibrillatory action' of drugs in relation to acetylcholine synthesis under Dr B.C. Dose the MG.). Medical College Indore: 333 193 Enquiry on 'serum olectrolytes (Na and K) under different experimental and, climatic conditions in , normal human adults permanently resident in, the Punjab.plains under Dr. Shiv Kumar at the Aledical College, Amritsar. 334 196. Study of anthelmintic action of shell, oil of cashewnet under Dr, N.V. Bhaduri at the School of Tropical Medicine, Calcutta. 335 197. Enquiry on canine' and human gastric function in summer, and winter under Dr. B S. Kahali at the SMS 21 College, Jaipur at ·ܙ ܙ. ܝ ܝ : :; :-:- ܨܢܚܙ ܝܕܐܕ rg ܐ ܕ ;r - $ { ::: rܙܪܺܐ-, - r :; :: - : - :: a : xxx . : f--; ?? .ܬܪ?:rܕܝܬ ::-.r : : ' ; -- ! .. :: . : c ' :! : ? : xi:--- :::: ܂ܕܶ :: 1 ܕܐ ܕܝܨ܀:: ܟ ܐ ܀ ܕܝܬܐ: ܐ ::::- -:-::: ܕܢܐܐ infr- :- :::-::: :: ܝܕ: ܀ ܚܕܫ:.3܂ . ܘܺܐܒܐ. :::ܙ: .:-.15 ܨܝܺ :x. ܝܺܙܝܺܐܺܝܝܬ'i' ;' ܫܒܫܢ-r . : - faccrc , m Lܫܝܳܕ݁ܝܰܘܕܝܝܝܐ-: -. ܪ .::܀ ܪܪܝ ;J -- ;: r rr ? .sz Zܐܕܚ :::-::- :: i : .z ; : r'r- : .ܝܟ ܝܺܐܫܐܝܐ ܙ:: .ܐܢܐ ܕܬܙܙܝܰ ܚܐܝܺ ;.J ܢܝܺ ܐܺܝܺ --ܚܙܐ ܝܺܢܐ1.,. ::-:r -, ܝܕS ' : r 'ܪ;rcx . ܕܙ -5: -::: ܐ1 riJ ; -zr --... ii . - xw-.. ܪܪ £ ܕܙ:: ܝ ?:r :ܐܬ݁ܝܺܚܐܐ & ܢܐܨܐܚܬ!c ܘܐܐܝܐܕ ܫܠܐ ܪ܇ -;- .: -ui- : ! ::: _rcܐ ܫܢ *, zzi 33:1- " .. .-; :r . :: - ::: z:. :-:: ܕܕܺܐ܀ ܚ ܝܺܫܫܥܝܐP : .. -r -- £::: :ܝܺܙܒ݂ܨ ;3 ܙ ܝܙ ܢܙ ܢܝ ܐ ܝ :J ; ܐܺܝܐ ::: .r- ; * . V T- ܐ̱ܢܶܝܽܓ-; ܕ .;ܢܳܐܚ ܚܐܺܢܐܢ̈ܐ 3- ܕܨܒܝܨ ܝܐ 1£: . ܕܐܝܫܝܢ ܝsi . Ex ·(rix) 11. Drug Researh Unit at the R G. Kar Medical College, Calcutta, 357 212. Drug Research Unit under Dr. ML Gujral at the KG. Medical College, Lucknow, 360 213. Drug Research Unit under Dr, GS. Raghunath Rao at the Medical College, Mysore. 361 214 Drug Research Unit under Dr. G.Achari at the P.1, Medical College Patna. 1 36.) 363 215. Drug Research Unit under Dr Ranita Aiman at the B.J. Medical College, Poona. 216 Druc Research Unit under Dr. C.L Malhotra at the Lady Hardınge Medical College, New Delhi. 217. Enquiry on ascorbic acid and glutathione contents of blood in some infectious diseases under Dr B, Chakrabartı at the Nilratan Sircar Medical College, Calcutta. 365 371 on 18. Studies cardiac output at rest and on exercise in hyperkinetic states under Dr H. Saha and others at the Niiratan Sircar Medical College, Calcutta 37 373 219 Enquiry on free amino acids of certain regions of mokeye' brain under Dr. S.I. Singh and Dr CL Malhotra at the Lady Hardırge Medical College, New Delhi. 220 Enquiry on the “Biogenesis of alkaloids of Rauwolfia" Serpentina plants" under Dr. B.C Bose at the J GJ Medical College, Indore. 374 221, Enquiry on the location and isolation of the pupation on hormone in the Indian house fly Ilusca Nebule. Fabr under Dr. PJ Deoras at the Haffkine Institute, Bombay. 375 222 Enquiry on the isolation of active principle and pharmacological studies of lagerstroemia speciosa (Arjuna) seeds, roots and fruits under Dr. B.B Gaitoncle at the Grant Medical College, Bombay. 378 223. Enquiry entitled 'Electro-retinograu for white and coloured lights in rod and cone retinae of some nocturnal and diurnal animals under Dr JN. Prasad at the KG, Medical College, Lucknow 370 224. Enquiry on qualitative and quantitative studies on spermatogenesis and its variation during æstrogen administration and experimentally induced liver damage under Dr. J.C. Sachdor at the M.GJ. Medical College, Indore 380 ·25. Inlige":10118 rue enquiry uniler (kl. KX Chaill ile Roi Harri Llwrators; Jamimu. 391 ... Investigat op ini then my of aroma cortinel hilor 21 de erntris) Dini Resurch 1:1 littst., 1.1. krs. the 353 PHYSIOLOGY OF HUMAN REPRODUCTION 27. Sardicore suprains and eneselvallinity or Dr. Lal), Sanghri in the loni. C. Risarch t'entre, Hnin bay. 3351 * 1:apsirs hypothuani: 11 (11) criant C) Physiola li riporuduction under Ur. 13.K. Sinud at the Ill. In this Vien! Sjours, New Delhi, 395 :):). N11 uncler 108 Lekius, Spurniridal dirige 1 11031 ruontraceptives l. iural Kli, Helical College, sst; 30. Fird trials with contul marier Dr. V.R. Khnolkar it the lapsen Westin 1'111. Indian meer Research l'entre. Bembar. 3S7 31. T'irlit trists with diam int! f der Dr. D. Anand at the Init. Orination Training l'entre, Xajnfgarh 388 39. lieli erials with fism tubletimler Dr. Kumari .1.1). Engineer at Ilir Medical rolle. Lucknow. 389 VIRUS DISEASES 33. Pulio Riri Wait mir Dr. P.1'. Gharpure, at the Griunt: Melical College, Bombay. 391) 3.4. Respiratory and introstinal viruses unit aer Dr. X. Voorraghavan at the Pasteur Institute. Coonor. 392 the Central 35. Ribics enquirs er Dr. A.K. Thomas at Rosearch Institute, Ksauli. 394 36. Rabies enquiry under Dr. N. Veeraragharen at the Pasteur Institute, Coonoor. 395 37. Enquiry on the adaptation of the rabics street virus strains collected locally to chick embryo at the Haffkine Institutc, Bombay. 397 38. Studies on the incidence. nature and types of coxsackic virus infections in Bombay City under Dr. M.M. Purandare at the Seth G.S. JIcdical College, Bombay. 398 ·(4x) 239. Trachoma Pilot Project under Dr Wohan Lal at the Gandhi Eye Hospital, Aligarh. 400 240. Study on chemotherapy of virus infections under Dr. ..V.N. Krishnamurthy at the Vaccine Institute, Bangalore. 402 241. Study on chemotheraphy of virus infections under Dr. PL Narasimha Rao at the Indian Institute of Science, 403 Bangalore. 242. Studies on mutation and recombinations of Indian strains of influenza virus under Dr I.G K. Menon at the Pasteur Institute, Coonoor, 243 Stucly on the incidence of influenza in Calcutta and the suburbs, as gauged by isolation of the virus from suspected patients and determination of the presence of in- Huenza antibody in general population under Dr D. N. Sen Gupta at the R.G. Kar Medical College, Calcutta. 406 244 Study of biological behaviour of the strain of variola virus on tissue culture under Dr. R.N. Shukia at the Medical College, Nagpur, 407 215 Observations on enteric viruses associated with cases of febrile illness and or meningitis and encephalitis in children under Drs N.P Gupta and Sharda Paul at the K.G. Medical College. Lucknow. 408 MISCELLANEOUS RESEARCHES 246. Field studies on vital statistics and related health pheno. mena to amplify and assess the accuracy of vital statistics in a rural Punjab population under Dr. JB. Wyon and Professor John E Gordon at the Indian Harvard Ludhiana Population Study Centre, Khanna. 410 IV. Nutrition Researchi Laboratories, Coonvor. 413 V. Virus Research Centre, Poon.. 417 the Director, VI. Blood Group Reference Centre under Indian Cancer Research Centre, Bombay. 419 VII Scheme for the plaintenance of Stock Tissue Cultures under Dr. (Mrs). K.J. Ranadire at the Indian Cancer Rescarch Centre, Bombay. 421 VIII. Indian Journal of Medical Research. IX. Indian Journal of Mal ariology. 425 Indian Council of Medical Research Libriry, Central

·(xxii)
XI. (a) Microfilm and Photocopy Service Unit at the Central
5. Research Institute, Kasauli.
(b) Microfilm and Photocopy Service Unit at the Tata
Memorial Hospital, Bombay.
427
XII. List of Scientific papers Based on the Work of Enquiries
financed by the Counoil, published in 1958.
439

·1. COMPOSITION OF THE SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY BOARD The Scientific Advisory Board during the year consisted of the following: Chairman Lieut-Colonel Jaswant Singh, M.B. Ch.B. DT.D.&H., D.P.H. Director General of Health Services, New Delhi. Members Dr A.K. Basu, M.B.B S., M.S, F.R C.S., F.A.C.S, Director of th Department of Surgery, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Educa tion & Research, 244, Lower Circular Road, Calcutta. Brigadier C.C. Kapila, I.A MS, Director of Research & Health, Direc torate-General, Armed Forces Medical Services, New Delhi Dr. M.L. Chakravarti, M.Sc., M B., Ph.D., M. Biochem, Professor o Physiology, Medical College, Calcutta. Dr. HP. Dastur, L.M.S., L.M, Medical Officer, Department of Indus trial Medicine, Tata Services (Private) Ltd., Bombay House Bombay. Dr. Dukhan Ram, B.Sc., MB, DL.O., D.O.M S., Vice-Chancellor Bihar University, Patna. Dr. B.C. Guha, 11.D., L.R.C.P, L.R.C.S, L.B.F.P.S., Head of the Depart ment of Applied Chemistry, University College of Science & Tech nology, 92, Upper Circular Road, Calcutta. Dr. Inderjit Singh, M.B.B.S., Ph. D., Professor of Physiology, S. N Medical College, Agra. Dr. N. Jungalwalla, Director, All-India Institute of Hygiene & Publı Health, Calcutta. Dr. V.R. Khanolkar, Ph.D., M D., Director, Indian Cancer Researc Centre, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, Bombay-12. Dr. N.V. Modak, Director, Central Public Health Engineering Researc Institute, Nagpur, Major K.N. Rao, M.D., D G O., F.C.C.P., F.I.C.S., Director of Medica Services, Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad-Deccan. Lieut.-Colonel Sangham Lal, M.B BS., L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S, F.R.C.S. D.O.M.S., Professor of Surgery, All - India Institute of Medica Sciences, New Delhi. Dr. Sushila Nayar, M.P., 19, Rajpur Road, New Delhi. Dr. H. Trapido, Deputy Director, Virus Research Centre, Poona. Dr. P.N. Wahi, M.D., M.R.C.P. Professor of Pathology, S.N. Medico College, Agra. Secretary Dr. C.G. Pandit, M.B.B.S., Ph.D. D.P.H., D.T.M., F Indian Council of ufodical Research New Delhi ·2 II. COMPOSITION OF THE ADVISORY COMMITTEES Clinical Research Dr. B.B. Yodh, 18, Dornbshn Rond, Bombay. (Chairman) Dr. M.D. Ananthachari, 4, North Vclist, Madurai. Dr. R.N. Chaudhuri, Director, School of Tropical Medicine, Calcutta. Brigadier C.C. Kupila, Director of Research & Health, Directorate- General, Arined Forces Meclical Services, New Delhi. Dr. P.K. Sen, Professor of Surgery, Seth G.S. Mcdical College, Bombay. Dr. A.K. Basu, Director, Department of Surgery, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research, 244, Loter Circular Road Calcutta, Dr. C. Gopalan, Deputy Director, Nutrition Research Laboratories, Coonoor. Dr. K.S. DInthur, Professor of MIcdicinc, S.N. Medical College, Agrn. Dr. K.L. (lig, Professor of Medicinc, All-India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. Dr. P.N. Wahi, Professor of Pathology, S. X. Medical College, Agra. (Secretary) Communicable Diseases Liout. General D.N. Chakravarti, Secretary, Depart inent of Health, West Bengal Secrotariat, Calcutta-1. (Chairman) Dr. P. V. Benjamin, Adviser-in-Tuberculosis, Gorernment of India, Directorntc-General of Health Services, New Delhi. Dr. Dharmendra, Director, Central Leprosy Teaching and Research Institute, Tirumani (Chingleput Distt.) Dr. B.C. Das Gupta, 55/6, Manoharpukur Road, P.O. Rashbehari Avenue, Calcutta. Dr. R.V. Rajam, Director, Institute of Venereology, Government General Hospital, Madras-3. Dr. K.V. Venkatraman, Serologist & Chemical Examiner to the Government of Indin, 3, Kyd Street, Calcutta-16. Lieut.-Colonel Jaswant Singh, Director-General of Health Services, New Delhi, Lieut.-Colonel Sangham Lal, Professor of Surgery, All-India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Major-General S. Narain, Commandant, Armed Forces Medical College, Poona. (Secretary) Dental Health Col. N.N. Bery, Hony, Adviser, Dental Health Services, Ministry of Health, New Delhi. (Chairman) Dri T. N. Chawla, Professor & Head of Dental College & Hospital, Lucknow.

·3 Dr. M. G. Rao, Head of Madras Dental College, Madras. Dr. KL. Sheurie, Principal, Sir C.E.M. Dental College and Hospital, Bombay. Col. Kartar Singh, Deputy Director of Dental Services, Medical Directo. rate, Army Headquarters, F' Block, Gate No. 9, DHQ P.O., New Delhi. Dr. K. Someswara Rao, Nutrition Research Laboratories, Coonoor. Dr. J.C. Manchanda, Principal, Punjab Government Dental College and Hospital, Amritsar. (Secretary) Environmental Hygiene and Sanitation Dr. BC. Dau Gupta, 55/6, Manoharpukur Road, Rashbehari Avenue, Celoutta-29. (Chairman) Dr. J.K. Adranwala, Professor of Preventive and Social Medicine, BJ. Medical College, Poona. Lieut.-Colonel Barkat Narain, Adviser (Health), Ministry of Community Development, Now Delhi, Shri K.S. Krishnaswamy, Deputy Director-General of Health Services, Public Health Engineering, Directorate-General of Health Services, New Delhi. Shri N. V. Modak, Udyam', Shivaji Park, Bombay-28. Shri P.C. Bose, Chief Engineer, Public Health Engineering, Government of West Bengal, 1-Hastings Street (6th Floor), Calcutta-I, Dr. N. Jungalwalla, Director, All-India Institute of Hygiene & Public Health, 110-Chittaranjan Avenue, Calcutta. Shri R.S. Mehta, Chief Engineer (Water), Municipal Corporation of Delhi, Delhi, Col. T.D. Chablani, Deputy Director of Hygiene and Pathology, Army Headquarters, T' Block, Gate No. 9, DHQ P.O., New Delhi. Dr. T.R. Bhaskaran, Coordinating Oficer, I.C.DR., All-India Institute of Hygiene & Public Health, 110–Chittaranjan Avenue, Calcutta (Secretary) Industrial Health Dr. A.C. Banerjea, 31-Station Road, Lucknow. (Chairman) Lieut.-Colonel V.M. Albuquerque, Director-General, Employees State Insurance Corporation, 2-A/3, Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi. Dr. H.P. Dastur, Chief Industrial Health Officer, Department of Indus trial Medicine, Tata Services (Pritate) Ltd , Bombay House, Bruce Street, Fort, Bombay-l. Shri N. Majumdar, Professor of Sanitary Engineering, All-India Iustitute of Hygiene & Public Health, 110-Chittaranjan Avenue, Calcutta. Dr. Pandharinath Prabhu, Head of the Department & Laboratory of Psychology, Tata School of Social Sciences, Bombay. Colonel A.N. Roy, Chief Medical Officer, Directorate-General of Ordnance Factories, 6-Esplanade East, Calcutta-1.

·4 Shri N.S. Mankiker, Chief Adviser on Factories, Government of India, Ministry of Labour, New Delhi. Shri A.S. Rao, Deputy Chief Scientific Officer, Atomic Energy Establishment, Trombay, Bombay. Dr. H.N. Sahai, Medical Inspector of Factories, Government of Bihar, Jakanpur, Patna-1. Dr. M.N. Pvao, Professor of Physiological & Industrial Hygiene, All-India Institute of Hygiene & Public Health, 110, Chittaranjan Avenue, Calcutta. (Secretary) Maternal and Child Health Dr. Subodh Mitra, Director, Chittaranjan Cancer Hospital, 148, S. P. Mookerjee Road, Calcutta-26. (Chairman) Dr. (Smt.) S. Bhatia, Adviser in Maternity & Child Welfare, Directorate- General of Health Services, New Delhi. Dr. J.B. Chatterjee, Department of Haematology, School of Tropical Medicine, Calcutta. Dr. T.B. Panse, Tata Memorial Hospital, Bombay. Dr. J.N. Pohowalla, Reader in Pediatrics, M.G.M. Medical College, Indore. Dr. P.K. Devi, Professor of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Medical College, Nagpur. Dr. V.S. Mangalik, Principal, K.G. Medical College, Lucknow. Shri K.K. Mathen, All-India Institute of Hygiene & Public Health, Calcutta-12. Dr. M.K. Krishna Menon, Director, Institute of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Government Hospital for Women and Children, Egmore, Madras-8. Dr. (Smt.) Muktha Sen, Professor of Maternity & Child Welfare, All- India Institute of Hygiene & Public Health Calcutta. (Secretary) Mental Health Dr. M.V. Govindaswamy, Director, All-India Intitute of Mental Health, Bangalore-2. (Chairman) Dr. B.D. Bhatia, Director, Child Guidance Clinic, College of Nursing, New Delhi. Dr. S.C. Mitra, Head of the Department of Psychology, University College of Science and Technology, 92—Upper Circular Road, Calcutta. Dr. T.K.N. Menon, Dean, Faculty of Education and Psychology, M.S. University, Baroda. Dr. L. P. Verma, Medical Superintendent, Indian Mental Hospital, Kaie, P.O. Ranchi (Bihar). Dr. Baldev Singh, Neuro-Physician, Tirathram Shah Charitable Trust Hospital, Battery Lane, Rajpur Road, Delhi-8.

·5 Lt-Col H.C Mediratta, Chief Psychiatrist, Psychological Research Wing, Defence Science Organisation, Ministry of Defence, New Delhi. Dr. LD. Sanghvi, Research Officer, Indian Cancer Research Centre, Parel, Bombay.12. Dr. N.S. Vahra, Honorary Psychiatrist, Seth G.S Medical College & K E.M. Hospital, Bombay. (Secretary) Nutrition Dr. B.C. Guha, Head of the Department of Applied Chemistry, University College of Science and Technology, 92, Upper Circular Road, Calcutta. (Chairman) Dr. S.T. Achar, Director, Institute of Pediatrics, Madras Medical College and Government General Hospital, Madras. Dr. K. Mitra, C.I.T. Plot Nó 114, Badan Roy Lane, Calcutta-10. Dr. V. N. Patwardhan, Director, Nutrition Research Laboratories, Coonoor, Dr. V. Ramalingaswami, Professor of Pathology, All-India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. Dr. V. Subrahmanyan, Director, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore. Dr. M.V. Radhakrishna Rao, Assistant Director, In-Charge of_thio Department of Nutrition, Government of Bombay Haffkino Institute, Parel, Bombay. Dr. V.S. Waravdekar, Professor of Biochemistry, All-India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Dēlhi. (Out of India) Dr, C. Gopalan, Deputy Director, Nutrition Research Laboratories, Coopoor. (Secretary) Pathology and Bacteriology Dr. V.R. Khanolkar, Directer, Indian Cancer Research Centre, Bombay (Chairman) Dr. B.K. Aikat, Director, Department of Pathology and Bacteriology, Institute of Post-Graduate Medical Education & Research, Calcutta-20. Dr. S. P. Gupta, Department of Bacteriology, K. G. Medical College, Lucknow Dr. J.B Shrivastav, Director, Central Research Institute, Kasauli. Dr. R. Anantanarayan, Professor of Bacteriology, Bledical College, Trivandrum. Dr. V. Gopal Rao, Professor of Pathology, Osmania Bledical College, Hyderabad. Deccan. Lt.-Col. S.N. Wanchoo, Assistant Professor of Pathology, Armed Forces Medical College, Poona. Dr. C.G.S. Iyer, Senior Research Oficer, Neuropathc' Gunnar Reconoh Cantta Bombay ·6 Physiology and Pharmacology 17. B. Mukerji, Director, Contral Drug Research Institute, Lucknow. (Chairman) T)r. B.K. Anand), Professor of Physiology, All-India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Dolli. I)r. B.C. Bose, Principal, M.G.M. Medical College, Indore. Dr. B.B. Dikshit, Director, All-India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Dellii. Dr. M.L. Gujral, Professor of Pharmacology, K. G. Medical College, Lucknow. Dr. A. Sreenivasan, Department of Chemical Technology, University of Bombay, Matunga, Bombay. Dr. (Smit.) Ranita Aiman, Professor of Pharmacology, B.J. Medical College, Poona. Dr. Inderjit Singh, Professor of Physiology, Medical College, Agra. 13. K.S. Sanjivi, 56-St. Mary's Road, Madras-18. Dr. G.K. Karandikor, Professor of Pharmacology, Medical College, Baroda. (Secretary) Physiology of Human Reproduction Dr. V.R, Khanolkar, Director, Tndjan Cancer Research Centre, Bombar. (Chairman) Dr. B.K. Anand, Professor of Physiology, All-India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ner Delhi. D.P.K. Malkani, Professor of Gynaecology & Obstetrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi. Dr. B. Mukerji, Director, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow. Ti. K.J. Ranadire, Deputy Director, Indian Cancer Research Centre, Bombay. Lieut.-Colonel B.L. Raina, Officer on Special Duty (Family Planning), Directorate-General of Health Services, New Delhi. (Secretary) Virus Diseases ! 77. T.H. Work, Director, Virus Research Centre, Poona. (Chairman) Shri M.P?. Dhanda, Head of the Division of Pathology & Bacteriology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar, Kumaon (U.P.) 1:. C.G.S. Iyer, Senior Research Officer, Neuropathological Unit, Indian Cancer Research Centre, Parel, Bombay-12, Lieut.-Colonel S.L. Kalra, Assistant Professor of Pathology, Armed Furces Medical College, Poona. Dr. H.I. Jhala, Director, Haffkine Institute, Bombay. Dr. I.G.K. Menon, Observer, Government of India Influenza Centre, Pasteur Institute of Southern India, Coonoor. r. T. Ramchandra Rao, Assistant Director of Public Health (Malaria), Bombay State, Connaught House, Poona.

·Dr. N. Veeraraghavan, Director, Pasteur Institute of Southern India, Coonoor. Dr. A. K. Thomas, Assistant Director, Central Research Institute, Kasauli. (Secretary Cardio-Vascular Diseases and Hypertension Sub-Committee Dr. A. K. Bose, 128-B, Dharamtals Street, Calcutta-13. (Chairman) Dr. B. K. Anand, Professor of Physiology' All-India Institute of Dledical Sciences, New Delhi. Dr. G. G. Hadley, Associate Professor of Pathology, Christian Medical College, Vellore. Dr. C. Gopalan, Deputy Director, Nutrition Research Laboratories, Coonoor, Dr R. P. Malhotra, Professor of Medicine, Medical College, Amritsar. Dr. (Kumarı) S. Padmavati, Professor of Medicine, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi Dr. A. Sreenivasan, Department of Chemical Technology, University of Bombay, Matunga, Bombay. Dr. K. S. Sanjivi, 56, St. Mary's Road, Madras-18. Dr. P. K. Sen, Professor of Surgery, Seth G.S Medical College, Bombay Dr. K. S. Bathur, Professor of Medicine, S.N. Aledical College, Agra. (Secretary) Haematological Sub-Committee Dr. V S. Mangalık, Principal, K.G. Medical College, Lucknow. (Convener) Dr. B K. Aikat, Director, Department of Pathology and Bacteriology, Institute of Post-Graduate Medical Education and Research, Calcutta-20. Dr NM. Purandare, Professor of Pathology and Bacteriology, Seth GS Medical College, Bombay-12. Dr. J.B. Chatterjea, Professor of Haematology, School of Tropical Medi. cine, Calcutta. Dr, Sharad Kumar, Lecturer, Department of Pathology and Bacteriology, K.G. Medical College, Lucknow. Dr. L.D. Sanghvi, Indian Cancer Research Centre, Bombay. Liver Diseases Sub-Committee Dr. V.R. Khanolkar, Diractor, Indian Cancer Research Centre, Parel, Bombiy-12. (Chairman) Dr. S.T. Achar, Professor of Paediatries, Madras Medical College an i Government General Hospital, Madras. Dr. B.K. Aikat, Director, Department of Pathology and Bacteriology, Institute of Post-Graduate Medical Education and. Researr Calcutta-20 Dr. A.K. Bazu. Director, Department of Surgery, In":

·8 Ir. S.S. Sriramarloryulu, Inthuloriri, Nutrition Prrenrch Laboratories, 115.1.X. Ilislii, l'rofoisor of Patholny, S.N. Melical College, Agri, Dr. R.J.J. Molimotrn, Rearler in Potholngy, K.G. Medical Collegc, 1.1.320k. Dr. 11. Ibungi rolu. Professor of Pathology, client College, Trivandrum. Ir. l. Ramalinganishmi. Pravfrossor of Intfinlogy, All India Institute of Meslicnl Scisco X Delhi, (Scorclary) Therapeutic Trinls Sub-Committee Dr. B.R. Vulls, Honorary I'liysician, K.K.M. Jospital, Bombay-26. (Contener) Dr. R... (Pluhuri, Dircrtor. Seloul of Tropical Mcdicine, Calcutta. Jr. (1.K. Kariwlikar, Professor of Pluiermacology, Medical College Barola. Dr. !3. Mukerji. Director. Content Idrug Research Institute, Lucknotr. Lient.Colonel Jaswant Singh, Director.licneral of Health Serrices, New Dr. 1.3. Kasliuni, l'rincipal, S.I.S. Metlical College, Jaipur. Dr.,1.C. Patel, llonorary Assistant Physicinn, K.E.M. Hospital, Back Bay View, New Queen's Ronil, Bomlay-4. Cholero Sub-Committee Dr. K.1. Venkatraman, Serologist and Chemical Examiner to the Gorcrnmont of India, 3-yr Street, Calcutta-to. (Chairman) Dr. K. Bhaskaran, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow. Dr. S.X. De, I'rofessor of Pathology, Medical College, Calcutta. Dr. M.X. Lahiri,l'rofessor of Microbiology, All India Institute of Hygiene & Public Ilealth, 110, Chittaranjan Avenue, Calcutta. Dr. S.C. Scal, Professor of Epidemiology, AllIndia Institute of Hygicno Public Health, Calcutta. Dr. E.K. Naravanan, Assistant Director, Central Research Institute, Hasnuli. Dr. Gurkirpal Singh, Assistant Director, Central Research Institute, kasnuli. (Secrctary) Lcprosy Sub-Committee Dr. Dharmendra, Director, Central Leprosy Teaching & Research Instituto, Tirumani (Chingloput Distt.) (Chairmon) Dr. Paul TV. Brand, Professor of Orthopacdices and Head of the Surgical Department, Christian Medical College, Vellore. Dr. N. Figueredo, Superintendent, Acworth Leprosy Home, Wadala, Bombay. Dr. V. R. Klanolkar, Director, Indian Cancer Research Centre, Pare), Bombay-12.

·9 Dr. K.R Chatterjee, Assistant Research Officer, Leprosy Department, School of Tropical Medicine, Calcutta. Dr. PL. Kapoor, Special Leprosy Officer, Bombay State, Office of the Surgeon General with the Government of Bombay, Bombay-l. Dr. N. Mnokherji, Officer-in-Charge, Leprosy Department, School of Tropical Medicine, Calcutta, Dr. R.V. Tardekar, Secretary, Gandhi Memorial Leprosy Foundation, Vardha. (Secretary) Malaria and other Arthropod Borne Diseases Sub-Committee Lieut. Colonel Jaswant Singh, Director-General of Health Services, New Delhi. (Chairman) Dr. J.K. Bhatnagar, Medical Oficer of Health and In-charge, W. H.O. Plague Project, U.P., Dehradun. Colonel N.D.P. Karani, Officer-in-Charge, Hygiene Dupartment, Armed Forces Medical College, Poon:-). Dr. N.G.S. Raghavan, Deputy Director, Malaria Institute of India, Delhi, Dr. S.C. Seal, Professor of Epidemiology, All-India Institute of Hygiene & Public Health, Calcutta. Dr. T. Ramchandra Rao, Assistant Director of Public Health (Malaria), Bombay State, Connaught House, Poona Dr, H. Trapido, Deputy Director, Virus Research Centre, Poona. Dr. B. Anathaswamy Rao, Officiating Director, Malaria Institute of India, Delhi, (Secretary) Tuberculosis Sub-Committee Dr. P. V. Benjamin, Adviser in Tuberculosis, Government of India, Directorate-General of Health Services New Delhi. (Chairman) Colonel P. N. Bardhan, Professor Pathology, Armed Forces Medical College, Poona. Dr. C. Chandrasekharan, Professor of Statistics, All India Institute of Hygiene & Pablic Health, Calcutta, Dr. K. N. Rao, Director of Medical Services, Andhra State, Hyderabad. Dn. Dr. P. K. Sen, Professor of Medicine, (Tuberculosis & Chest Diseases) Medical College, Calcutta. Dr. Reeve H. Betts, Chief of the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore Dr. J. Frimodt-Moller, Medical Superintendent, Union Mission Tuberculosis Sinatorium, Arogyavaran, Near Madanapalle, South India. Dr. K. S. Sanjivi, St. Mary's Road, Madras-18. Dr. R. Vishwanathan, Director, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi. Dr. B. K. Sikand, Director, Tuberculosis Centre, Circular " w, Ne Dalhi.

·10 Venercal Discases Sub-Committee Dr. R. V. Rajam, Director, Institute of Venereology, Government General Hospital, Madras-30. (Convener) Dr. C. W. Chacko, Scrologist, Vencrcal Diseases Laboratory, Institute of Venorcology, Jadras Medical College, Madras, Dr. K. C. Kandhari, Associate Professor in Dormatology & Venereology, Medical College and V. J. Hospital, Amritsar. Dr. Sourin Ghosh, Professor of Surgery (Venereology), Medical College and Hospital, 88-College Street, Calcutta. Lt. Col. C. L. Suklioja, Senior Specialist in Venereology, Military Hospital, Delhi Cantt. Dr. K. V. Venkatraman, Serologist and Chemical Examiner to tho Government of India, School of Tropical Medicine, Calcutta. Sub-Committee for Standardization of Intelligence Tests Dr. B. Kuppuswainy, Professor of Psychology, Maharaja's College, Mysore. (Convener) Shri F. S. Chothia, Vocational Guidance Officer, Vocational Guidance Burcau, 3 - Cruikshank Road, Bombay-l. Dr. S. K. Paruklı, Consulting Psychologist, 646-Khareghat Road, Dadar, Bombay. Dr. D. Ganguly, Department of Psycho ogy, University of Calcutta, 21/1A, Fern Road, Calcutta-19. Dr. K.C.K.E. Raja, Co-ordinating Officer, Central Demographic Teaching & Research Centre, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Chembur, Bombay-30. Dr. T.V. Srinivasiah, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Baroda, Baroda. Nutrition Survey Sub-Committee Dr. K. Mitra, C.I.T. Plot No. 114, Badan Roy Lane, Calcutta-10. (Convener) Dr. C. Gopalan, Deputy Director, Nutrition Research Laboratories, Coonoor. Shri K. K. Mathen, All-India Institute of Hygiene & Public Health, Calcutta-12. Dr. K. Someswara Rao, Nutrition Research Laboratories, Coonoor. Dr. V. N. Patwardhan, Director, Nutrition Research Laboratories, Coonoor, Working Party On 1. Protein Malnutrition Survey. 2. Human Lactation, 3. Protein Metabolism. 4. Clinical and Field Trials with protein rich foods. Dr. S.T. Achar, Director, Institute of Paediatrics, Madras Medical College and Government General Hospital, Madras, ·11 Dr. C. Chandrasekharan, Professor of Statistics, All India Institute of Hygiene & Public Health, Calcutta. Dr. C. Gopalan, Deputy Director, Nutrition Research Laboratories, Coonoor. Dr. K Mitra, C.I.T. Plot No. 114, Badan Roy Lane, Calcutta-10. Dr. M. V. Radhakrishna Rao, Assistant Director, In-charge Department of Nutrition, Government of Bombay, Haffkine Institute, Bombay. Dr. V Subrahmanyan, Director, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore. Dr. V. N. Patwardhan, Director, Nutrition Research Laboratories, Coonoor. (Convener) Working Party on 'Growth and Physical Development of Indian Children' Dr. K. Mitra, C.I.T. Plot No. 114, Badan Roy Lane, Calcutta-10. Dr. S. T. Achar, Director, Institute of Paediatrics, Madras Medical College aud Government General Hospital, Madras. Dr. C. Chandrasekaran, Professor of Statistics, All-India Institute of Hygiene & Public Health, Calcutta. Dr. D. N. Mazumdar, Head of the Department of Anthropology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow Dr. K. Someswara Rao, Nutrition Research Laboratories, Coonoor. Dr. V. N. Patwardhan, Director, Nutrition Research Laboratories, Coonoor, (Convener) Working Party on 'Endemic Goitre A Representative of the Director-General of Health Services, Goversiment of India. The Director of Health Services, Chandigarh (Punjab) or his nominee. Dr. V. Ramalingaswami, Professor of Pathology, All India Institato of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. The Director of Health Services, West Bengal, or his nominee. Dr. K. Mitra, C.I.T. Plot No. 114, Badan Roy Lane, Calcutta-10. (Contener) Working Party on 'Lathyrism' Dr. O. G. S. Iyer, Senior Research Officer, Neuropathological Unit, ICDIR, Indian Cancer Research Centre, Tata Diemorial Hospital, Bombay. Dr. (Mrs.) K. T. Ganapathy, Bledical Specialist, Gandhi Memorial Hospital, Reva. Dr. M. Swaminathan, Assistant Director, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore. Dr. R. V. N. Sinba, Nutrition Oficer, Bihar, Patna.

·12 Dr. T. S. Sadashivan, Director, University Botany Laboratory, Madras. Dr. C. Gopala, Deputy Director, Nutrition Research Laboratories, Coonoor. (Convener) Working Party on 'Fluorosis' Dr. Y. S. Narayana Rao, No. 5, II Crescent Park Road, Gandhi Nagar, Adyar, Madras-20. Dr. T. R. Bhaskaran, Associate Professor of Sanitary Engineering, All- India Institute of Hygiene & Public Health, Calcutta. Dr. K. G. Vcerarnghavan, Chief Water Analyst, King Institute, Guindy, Madras. Shri K. Venkataramanan, Directorate-General of Health Services, New Delhi. Dr. V. Subrahmanyan, Director, Central Food Technology Research Institute, Mysore. (Convener) Working Party on 'Energy Metabolism' Dr. Eleanor D. Mason, University Settlement, Reynolds Road, Bycula, Bombay. Dr. H. P. Nath, Defence Science Organisation, Ministry of Defence, New Delhi. Dr. V. N. Patwardhan, Director, Nutrition Research Laboratories, Coonoor. Dr. Shiv Kumar, Professor of Physiology, Medical College, Amritsar, Dr. S. Banerjee, Head of the Department of Physiology, Presidency College, Calcutta. (Convener) Working Party on Carbohydrate, Fat, Vitamin and Mineral Metabolism Dr. M. C. Nath, Professor of Biochemistry, Medical College, Nagpur. Dr. A. Sreenivasan, Reader, Department of Chemical Technology, University of Bombay, Matunga Road, Bombay. Dr. M. Swaminathan, Assistant Director, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore. Dr. P. S. Sarma, Director, University Biochemical Laboratory, University of Madras, Madras. Dr. B. C. Guha, Head of the Department of Applied Chemistry, University College of Science & Technology, 92, Upper Circular Road, Calcutta. (Convener) Working Party on 'Food Technology' Dr. A. N. Bose, College of Engineering and Technology, Jadavpur, Calcutta. Dr. B. C. Guha, Head of the Department of Applied Chemistry, University College of Science and Technology., 92-Upper Circular Road, Calcutta.

·13 Dr H. P. Nath, Defence Science Organisation, Ministry of Defence, New Delhi. Dr. V. Subrahmanian, Director, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore. (Conzener) Working Party on Nutritive Value of Foodstuffs' Dr B. C. Guha, Head of the Department of Applied Chemistry, University College of Science & Technology, 92-Upper Circular Road, Calcutta. Dr. M. V. Radhakrishna Rao, Assistant Director, In-charge Department of Nutrition, Government of Bombay, Haffkine Institute, Parel, Bombay. Dr. M. Srinivasan, Assistant Director, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore. Dr. V. N. Patwardhan, Director, Nutrition Research Laboratories, Coonoor. (Convener) Sub-Committee for Compiling Data on Physiological Norms of Indians Dr. V. N. Patwardhan, Director, Nutrition Research Laboratoriees, Coonoor. (Convener) Dr. B. K. Anand, Professor of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. Dr. J. D. Pathak, Professor of Physiology, Medical College, Baroda. Dr. J. C. Sachder, Dean, Medical College, Jabalpur. Dr. R. C. Shukla, Head of the Department of Physiology, K. G. Medical College, Lucknow. Sub-Committee for Compiling Information regarding Facilities, etc., on Physiological Problems in Medical Colleges Dr. B.B. Dikshit, Director, All-India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. (Chairman) Dr. J. D. Pathak, Professor of Physiology, Medical College, Baroda. Dr. B K. Anand, Professor of physiology, All-India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. Dr. G. K. Karandıkar, Professor of Pharmacology, Medical College, Birods. (Secretary) Working Group on Aviation Medicine Air Vice-Marshall S. P. Bhatia, Director of Medical Services (Air), Air Headquarters, New Delhi. (Conrener) dq. Leader B. Bhatia, Senior Scientist, Defence Science Organisation, National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi. Prof. M. L. Chakravarty, Professor of Physiology, Calcutta. 17.1 ·». Maj. G, C, Jonirrji, Clinienl Assistant Inspector (Medical), Armut L'orens Medical College, Pennsl. (roup Captain M, M. Shrimizerli, 1y. Director of Medical Services (Air) Air llradarter, Xew Delhi. is. (.". Tulsar, Aessrint l'rufessor of Biochemistry, All-India In4titute of Melical Scienria, Metr Dolli. Committee for Developing Standard Methods of Analysis of Water, Scwngc and Trade Emucnts and formulating Standards of Qunlity, Etc. Shri X. 1. Vali, 'tidvism', Shirnji l'ork, Bombay.28. (Chairman) Dr. T. R. Blakaran. Asencinte Irofessor of Sanitary Engineering, All. Inelin Institute of Iygiene & Public Health, 110, Chittaranjan Avenue, Calcutta. Shiri. Y. Borkar, Sewage Chemist, Bombny Municipal Corporation, Bombax. Dr. S. Govindaranjan, Director, King Institute, Guindy, Madras. Dr. M. I. Gurbuxnni, Town Chemist, Tata Iron & Steel Co. Ltd., Iamshedpur. Dr. l. S. Arraynna Rao, No.b, II Crescent Park Rond, Gandhi Nagar, Adlyar, Madras.20. Dr. S.C. l'illni, Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, 1'. 0. dinllcssaram, Bongnlorc. Shri K. Venkataramanan, c/o Directoratc-General of Health Services, New Delhi. Dr. K. G. Voerarngliatan, Chief Inter Analyst, King Institute, Guindy, Nodras. (Secretary) ·15 III. TECHNICAL REPORT OF THE RESEARCHES CARRIED OUT DURING THE YEAR 1958 The researches carried out during the year under report were recommended by the Scientific Advisory at its meeting; hell in Lucknow on the 20th and 21st Dec 1957 and were approved by the Governing Body of the Indian Council of Medical Research at its meeting held in New Delhi on the 29th March, 1958. The views expressed by the individual workers are not necessarily the vients of the Council. CLINICAL RESEARCH 1. Clinical research unit under Dr. V.R. Khanolkar at the Indian Cancer Research Centre, Bombay, 1. A study on the non prolein nitrogen (NPN) constituents of serum and urine in healthy subjects and in cases of lizer and kidney dysfunction was continued and the following normal and pathological cases were studied : Number 31 6 Cases Healthy subjects Cirrhosis of liver Cancer with secondary liver dysfunction Cancer with secondary kidney dysfunction 6 7 The following conclusions have been drawn : (i) The urinary excretion of ammonia N in liver cirrhosis cases is high in comparison to that of healthy subjects, while the excretion of NPN, Urea N, Uric acid and Creatinine is lower than that in healthy subjects. This finding is in agreement with that of Pain and Banerjee (Indian J. M. Res. 45.35, 1957) who have studied urinary excretion of NPN constituents in cases of cirrhosis of liver. (ii) Liver or kidney dysfunction cases, complicated with cancer, do not show significant changes in the serum and urinary levels of NPN constituents. 2. Estimation of GonadEffopic Hormone (GTH) Levels in urine by a chemical method: The chemical method for the estimation of GTA depends upon the selective adsorption of the hormone on Al(OH),. Since phenol, tyrosine and albumin give the same colour reaction with Folin-Ciocalteu reagent as gonadotropins, a study of tho specificity of adsorption of GTH on Al(OH), was considered osscntial. Control experiments, therefore, were carried out with addition of phenol, tytosino and albumin to urine samples and it ras found that these substances

·16
krre nint nosorved on 1l(011), 1:3 did the gonadotropins, but remained
in solution. Iving established this fack, timntions of the GTH in
male and female urines weri' onrried out by the method described in
Innt vent'y report. Results of the work nre su mariscil below :
Vulcrio!
No. of Rulircis
GT1*
Range
Mcan.S.T.
33
2.78 -18.5 8.19 0.70
5.20 9.30 7.46 046
Normal males
Vormnal famaica
*Expresset A4 mg of carcin in 24-uur urino sample.
Siner morning samples of urine in the case of pregnancy and resicular
mole are knn to printain high percentage of GTII, four samples from
both the entorories were mitimited by the mcthod mentioned carlier
and, 9 experter, high values for GTIL vero obtainçd. In cases of
ton:icular tim yor (0), vrsionlar mulo (41) and preguancy (9) also a high
titor of GTII, was obtained.
Rionsangs of Grli on immature micc (19-21 days old) using estronc
og reference stayinrel (ns suggested by Rosenberg ct al., Endocrinology,
16: 337, 1957) were niso carried out. The ralucs obtained by the method
were in conformity with thosc obtained by tho chomical method.

·17 2. Neurological unit under Dr. V. R. Khanolkar at the Indian Cancer Reserch Centre, Bombay. 1. PATHOLOGY OF KYASANUR FOREST DISEASE, (a) During the year, material from one human autopsy, and from 35 monkeys collected from the forest areas in Mysore and 18 monkeys inoculated in the laboratories of the Virus Research Centre, Poona, was received for study. The pathological findings in the brains and viscera were essentially similar to those encountered in the specimens received during 1956-57, and were consistent with the view that Kyasınır Forest Disease is a viraemia with haemorrhagic manifestations. 11. - material from three cases of an acute illness termed "Gurkha Infant Disease" the most striking feature of which was an unusual elevation of the protein content of the C.S.F. The pathological findings in this material are being prepared for publication. (c) In addition to the specimens mentioned under items (a) and (b) 122 other specimens of neuropathological interest were received by this Vait for study. Included among these are the brain spinal cord and viscera of a case of suspected lathyism and specimens from four horses suspected to be suffering from equine encephalitis. II. STUDIES IN LATHYRISM Experimental observations on a modified approach to the production of lathyrism in animals, referred to in previous reports are being concluded. The results obtained so far do not support the hypothesis on which this modified approach was based. III. OBSERVATIONS ON PYRIDOXINE DEFICIENCY Biochemical observations on blood and liver tissue of rats with induced pyridoxine deficiency (both dietetic and with the use of desoxy. pyridoxine) and on one monkey with a pure dietetic deficiency have been concluded. Histological examination of the tissue of these animals is in progress. IV. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY SECTION As a preliminary step to the development of this section, 12 full electronic instruments have been assembled and tested.

·18 3. Clinical rescarch unit under Dr. R. N. Chaudhuri at the School of Tropical Medicine, Calcutta. A. Amorbinsis: Experimental sludy.-- Studies were made with the aid of a small arritus, which can be permanently fixed into the caecum of experi- 1110111:1 animals (quincapigs) as reported last year, and through which it crude culture of K. histolytica can be introduced to cause infection of the intestinc or cacral contents withdrawn to observe the behaviour of the mmocbrc (c.6. under the influence of drugs). It permits a variety of observations without sacrificing aninial. With the fixture in situ the animals cuni trivc almost korirally for an indefinite period and the tube if clennsed from time to time, maintains its patency. Such animals when inocuinted with 48 hours' crude culture of E. histelylica directly into the caccum through the tube usually acquire the infection within a period of 8 to 10 days. In a few instances, the animals had to be inoculated for the sccond or even third time, for successful infection. The trophozoites gradually increase in number as revealed by daily examination of caccal contents. The animals become sick with disinclination for food and loso considerable weight but without any diarrhocic manifestation. They crentually die in about 4 to 8 days after infection. Autopsy reveals typical ulcers in the caecum, the feraping from the wall showing numerous trophic forms of parasites. With this preliminary observation, it was considered worthwhile to explore the possibility of utilising this method for screening of amoebicidal drugs. Altogether five different amoebicidal drugs were tried and the progress during treatment was assessed by daily examination of caccal contents for E.histolytica. The animals that responded to the drug were followed up for relapses with bi-reekly examination of caecal contents. The results obtaincd with different drugs are as follows : (a) Emetine-Bismuth Iodide was tried in a group of four infected guinea pigs in a daily dose of 1 mg. for 10 days. Two animals responded on the Ith and 6th day of treatment and during 2 weeks' follow-up period there was no relapse, while in the remaining two it proved ineffectivo. No toxicity was observed. (0) Carbarcone in a daily dose of 25 mg. was given to four infec. ted animals and all of them responded on the 2nd and 3rd days, of treatinent. But the drug being very toxic was discontinued on the 4th day. No relapse was observed during tiro weeks' follow-up. (c) Kurchi-Bismuth Iodide was tried in four infected animals in daily doses of 128 mg. for 10 days. The caecal contents became negative of E.histolytica on the second and fifth days of treatment in 2 of theru and both had a relapse after 17 and 38 days, respectively. In the other two animals the drug was ineffective. There were no toxic reactions. (d) Ipecac-Bismuth Iodide complex was administered to a group of eight guineapigs in a daily dose of 6 mg, for 10 days. Three animals responded on 3rd, 6th and 8th days of treatment respectively, of whom ·19 one died apparently of drug toxicity on the 9th day of treatment, one relapsed after five weeks and the remaining one remained well during three weeks' follow-up. Toxic reactions were observed in four animals. (e) Jebinol V (ethoxy-ethyl-pberoxy-nitro-benzyl-dichlor-acetamide) was tried in eight guineapigs in a dose of 120 mg. daily for 10 days. Six animals responded within days of treatment all of whom relapsed between 9 and 35 days after the completion of treatment In the remaining two the infection was uninfluenced. No toxicity was observed. Without commenting on the efficacy of the drugs from the limited observation it appears that the above technique is suitable for the study of experimental amoebiasis not only in determining the onset and course of amoebic infection but also in screening of chemotherapeutic agents. It may as well facilitate recognition of relapses and resistance of the organisms to drugs and influence of djet, bacteria and other measures on the infection, B Tropical Eosinophilia : The unit undertoot: (i) studies on the role of parasitic infection in its aetiology and (ii) clinical studies. (t). Ea perimental study.--Eosinophilic response in animals fed with ascaris larvae-Twenty-four rats were fed with a suspension of embryonated eggs' of ascaris lumbricoides (supplied by the Helminthology Deptt. of the School) in normal saline having 1000—3000 eggs per feed. The blood was examined before the experiment and thereafter on alternate days or twice a week throughout the experimental period. The rats were divided into two groups of twelve each according to the regime of feeding, as shown below: s. There I level 0-2 of 10-22 per cent ou the 9th to 13th days after the first feed. Such a rise, how. ever, came down to normal spontaneously within the next 3-6 days. During the period following the second and third inoculations there was still higher rise of eosinophils though temporary up to 28 per cent (absolute count 2300/6.mm). With subsequent feeding the response was, however, very poor. 2 Group 2: To ascertain if this process of transitory increase of eosinophils may be perpetuated the other twelve rats were fed with the same dose daily for 4 weeks. The resulting eosinophil percentage up to a maximum of 30 per cent (absolute count 3700/c.mm) persisted for a longer period (one to three weeks) but came down spontaneously although the feeding was continued. In eight control rats fed similarly with normal tage of eosinophila yaried between 0 and 3.

·20 In another set-up sixteen guineapigs were fed with 300 to 500 embryonated eggs suspended in normal saline daily for 6 weeks. The range of initial cosinophil count was between 0 and 4 per cent. All the animals showed increase of cosinophils in peripheral blood after 9 and 13 days of experiment and the maximum rise of 20 to 33 per cent was attained on 14th to 32nd days. Thereafter a gradual fall was noticed inspite of regular feeding being continued. The animals were again fed with a single dose of eggs (3000) showing little or no eosinophilic response. Skingram of lungs taken at the height of cosinophilia in six animals did not show any significant change. The histological examination of lungs of these animals showed marked cosinophilic infiltrations with fragments of ascaris larvae in some arcas. It appears that ingestion of embryonated ascaris eggs causes eosi. nophilia with cosinophilic infiltration of lungs. The eosinophil cells increase in number if the dose is repeated two to three times. But in any case, tlie effect cannot be perpetuated by subsequent feedings even with high concentrations of larvae. This simulates the syndrome described in 1932 by Loeffler, who held that it was an allergic response to migration of ascaris larvae in the lung. It is possible that with repeated re-infection some imnunological reactions develop in the host which prevent cosinophilic response to occur indefinitely. (ii) Clinical study.-Diethyl carbamazine tried in 90 cases of tro. pical eosinophilia in doses of 8-12 (50 mg. each) daily for varying periods. The results were usually good, but seven patients failed to respond. In most cases, the pulmonary syruptoms and signs disappeared within a week and the blood count reached the normal level in 2-5 weeks on an average. Its toxicity was low. Seven out of thirty-two cases followed up for a period of 1-2 years had a relapse which responded well to the same drug again. None of the thirty cases followed up for one year or less had recurrence. C. Liver in diabetes : Following detention of diabetes in a few cases of chronic obscure splenomegaly, the Unit undertook studies of liver to find out its correlation if any, with the degree, duration and/or treatment, giet, etc., diabetes, of (i) Experimental study.--To find out the significance of liver involvement in the course of alloxan diabetes some experiments were carried out in 3 groups of rats, one of which was control. In the other two groups the liver was damaged by carbon tetrachloride injections or by a synthetic diet for six weeks which produced fatty changes or cytoplasmic degeneration of the liver cells. It was observed that-m(i) If the animals (normal) are starved for 24 hours and then given a single injection of alloxan in a dose of mg. per 100 g. of body weight, hyperglycaemia and glycosuria are produced, in most of them in 2-3 days. (ii) If the liver is damaged

·21
in the way described above the diabetic condition appears much
earlier.
^:
1
101. "* years,
iration
7 years
ble in
six. Total serum protein, albumin/globulin ratio and thymol turbidity
values did not show any significant alteration except in 2 cases of 4 and
7 years duration. Serum bilirubin was normal in all, Liver biopsies
showed no significant change in histology except moderate fatty change
in 2 cases and nuclear vacuolation in three.

·22 4. Schistosomiasis enquiry under Dr. R: K. Gadgil at the Gr. Medical College, Bombay. Infeclion of Ferrissia tenuis. During this period attempts mainly directed for obtaining an adult schistosome from the infected a mals in the laboratory. With this aim in view, following experimer were carried out. During the various periods small and large batel of Ferrissia tenuis snails were infected with the miracidia of S. haen tobiui. Certain variations were made with the methods of infection each batch. It is our experience that whatever methods we follow, ti high mortality rate in the infected snails could not be prevented. lind been possible to infect the snails but the number of cercariae o tained was very small. The number of snails that survived the perio was also considerably low. These difficulties created a major problem in obtaining large number of cercariae for the infection of animals in the laboratory as well as at the village Gimvi. However, with the suall number of cercarie available, animal infection experiments were Also carried out. On re-assessing the difficulties in these infection experiments it was decided to infect the animals in the area of the endemic focus. Small pools of water were prepared in the rivulet itself, and snails were infected in these pools under natural conditions. The infection of these snails was possible because of the co-operation of the village schoolteacher, who directed the pupils to piss urine at these selected spots. Snails were collected from these spots after a month, and animal infections were carried out. It was noted that the cercarial yield was very low in this case. It is proposed that this would be the method of choice to be followed for obtaining an adult worm. Infection of animals. In the month of March, April, 1958, 12 mice were infected at Giin vi with the cercaríae emitted by the naturally infected snails. Three such infections were given. All these were found to be negative after a period of 3 months. In May, 1958, similar infections were given to 18 mice at Gimvi. These animals also failed to take up the infection. In the laboratory 10 mice were infected in the aquaria containing the infected F. tenuis. Three such infections were given. These also proved to be negative. Six mice were infected with the cercariae emitted by the Indo-planorbis exhustus snails. Out of these only one mouse showed the presence of 6 adult vorms of Schistosoma spindale. Piability of ova.--Experiments on the viability of ova were carried out with the medium of different types of soils. It was observed that in the soil consisting of fine gravels, moistened with water, ova were viable up to 48 hours. Examination of stool samples.-Along with this work certain other investigations were undertaken. In one previous report, a case of schistosomiasis from Mudh-Island was reported. The ova were detected in stools. Similar cases were noted by Dhanda, (1956) in Delhi. It was ·23 7 It was decided to examine consecutive samples of stools from the O.P.D of the J. J. Group of Hospitals The stools were examined by different ormaldehyde Con- 8 (1955). were moro satis. factory in comparision with the other methods. The incidence of E histolytica was 25.12 per cent, Giardia was 14 39 per cent and Ascaris was 10 37 per cent. A similar type of work was undertaken later. 274 stool samples tere examined from the village Depol of Palgarh taluka. Incidence of round worm was as high as 73 4 per cent. Whip worm was 59.7 per cent E. coli was 28 9 per cent and E. histolytica was 18 6 per cent Schistosomo Ova were not detected in any of the samples.

·5. Inquiry into the use of artificial hypothermia (Hibernation) in open intracardiac surgery under Dr. P. K. Sen at the Seth G. S. Medical College, Bombay. Altogether sixty-five experiments have been carried out during the Work has line undor (o main heads : Studio: in extreme hypothermia-to carry out open 'dry' kardiotomy on Completly non-pulsatile 'standstill' heart with a view to exclude coroliral anosia, ventricular fibrillation and air embolism, group of eighteen experiments to study the behaviour of the heart at Boost cumprratures Tiinging from 3C to 10°C, hare been carried out. B. Studies in clrctirc cardiac arres- for open cardiac surgery, with carlioplegir drugs combined with, or rithont hypothermia. This work has been done in the following six phases :- 1. Use of potassium citratc alone. 2. Use of:crtricholine nlonc. 3. Combination of potassium citrate in different concentrations with acetyl-cholinc, at normal body temperature. 1. Combination of potassium citrate with acetyl-choline under hypothermín. 5. Combination of potassium citrate with acetyl-choline under hypothermin, using 10per cent sodium lactate to wash out the cardioplegic drug from the coronary circuit. 6. Combination of potassium chloride with acetyl-choline under hypothermia. (A) EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE Adult mongrel dogs were anaesthetised - with intravenous sodium nentothal (30 mg per kgn, body weight); an endotracheal tube vas nserted and the lungs ventilated at the rate of 48 times per minute by - positire pressure respiratory pump. Vencsection was done and an ntravenous drip of 5 per cent glucose started. Electrocardiographic ontrol tracings were taken and animals immersed in ice cold water (as 0 4°C temperature) after recording the original temperature with a recta) lectric thermo-couple. The rectal temperature and the E.C.G. records were maintained every ten minutes. When the required low temper tures were obtained cold rater was siplioned off and replaced by tap ater. The temperature of the bath was raised to 45°C by addition of Farm water and the animals re-warmed to their original temperature. Out of 18 dogs, thirteen went into complete cardiac arrest. Five these did not recover on re-warming while eight were completely vived. The remaining five dogs showed & heart rate of 4 to 8 per inute at the lowest tenperature of the experiment. Of these, one Eed during re-warming, two died 4 hours after they had been restored their original temperature while tiro survived.

·25. The cooling time during all these experiments varied from 1 hour 30 minutes to 5 hours 50 minutes The period of arrest in the animals that were revived varied from 8 to 25 minutes.' In our previous work on extreme hypothermia a series of 18 dogs were cooled to temperature 5 between 9°C to 15°C. Complete cardiac arrest was obtained in 7 animals of which only 3 could be revived back, the other four did not register any heart-beat on re-warming. In the remaining 11 animals, heart rates from 4 to 6 per minute were obtained at the lowest temperatures of the experiment. All of these were revived on re-warming. Cooling time for arrest or near-arrest stage varied from 1 hour 25 minutes to 3 hours 10 minutes. Period of arrest in the animals that were revived varied from 20-45 minutes. (B), EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE j Adult healthy mongrel dogs weighing between 10 and 15 Kgm. were used. Anaesthesia was induced by intravenous sodium pentothal (30 mg per Kgm. body weight) No predication was employed. Animals were kept on positive pressure ventillation with air by a res. piratory pump through an endotracheal tube at the rate of 20 per minute except when hypothermia was used where the rate was kept at 48 per minute. The chest was opened transversely through the 4th space; the sternum divided and both the internal mammary arteries ligated. The azygos vein was ligated. Superior and inferior venae cavae were dissected and loops of silk passed round them. The pericardium was dissec. ted and lifted off the roots of the great vessels. The pre-aortic pad of fat was excised and the root of the ascending aorta dissected free. A loop of silk was then placed around the aortic root. The superior and inferior venae cavae were occluded by bull-dog clumps (this inflow occlusion was practised in all cases before bringing about cardiac arrest so as to prevent distension of the heart by the returning venous blood) The ascending aorta was clamped about one off the cardioplegic drug from the coronary circuit. The solutions used for this purpose were either wliole blood, Ringer's solution, 5 per cen glucose, normal saline or 10 per cent sodium-lactate. As soon as a dofinito heart beat was established the outflow and inflow clamps were removed and artificial ventilation re-started. In some instances injections of calciun liac massage were used to mal rhythm. The chest Throughout the experiment continuous E.,C.G. 'readings wero recorded. Standard limb , leads and unipolar augmented limb leads were employed, lead II being the one most frequently emple. - ·26 brought about 88 per routine described in our procedure (A) above. The animals were taken to only a moderate degree of hypothermia in those scries -- around 30°C to 32°C temperature. The observations as made in the various phases are as follows: 1. Use of polassium citrate alone. In all 10 experiments were done. Potassium citrate solution 5 per cent to 25 per cent was used till the heart stopped. The period of diastolic arrest was from 1 to 4 minutes. The amount of potassium citrate used varied from 400 to 1200 mg. During resuscit. ation all the dogs went into ventricular fibrillation. In spite of all resuscitative measures such as massage, injections of calcium chloride, adrenalin and neostigmine none of the dogs could be revived. The temperature used varied from 30°C to 32°C. One dog died as a result of the endotracheal tube accidentally slipping out during the experiment. 2. Use of acetyl-choline alone.-Nine dogs were treated with Acetyl. choline 1.5 per cent solution 10 mg. per kgm. body weight In all cases & diastolic arrest not exceeding 1 minute was obtained. Eight dogs were restored to normal rhythm after washing the coronary circuit with blood. One dog went into ventricular fibrillation and could not be revived. Two of the revived animals were sacrificed on the table for other purposes; five dogs died after twenty-four hours and one after oight days. There was no evidence of brain damage in any of the animals. The experiments were conducted at 37°0 temperauture. 3. Combination of potassium citrate (7 por cent) in different concentrations with acetyl-choline (1.5 per cent).--Five experiments were conducted with these drugs at 37°C temperature. Complete diastolic arrest varying in duration from 2 to 5 minutes was obtained in all cases. Four dogs were revived in spite of going into ventricular fibrillation while in one dog ventricular fibrillation did not revert to normal rhythm. Restitution time varied from 4 to 20 minutes. All dogs died subsequently due to brain damage. 4. Combination of potassium citrate with acetyl-choline as in 3 but under moderate hypothermia.--Thirteen dogs were subjected to this procedure. Dogs were cooled to a temperature of 30°C to 32°C. All went into a complete diastolic arrest of 2 to 7 minutes duration, Potassium citrate 7 to 10 mg. per kgm. body weight and acetyl-choline 10 mg per kgm. body weight were used. During revival all dogs went into ventricular fibrillation. Eleven dogs could be revived by various restitution measures. Two dogs did not recover. The revival time varied from 1 to 20 minutes, Evidence of brain damage was definite in two animals, doubtful in two others and absent in the rest. The survival time varied from 1 to 3 days. 5. Combination of potassium citrate with acetyl-choline under hypo- --thermia as in No. 4, using 10 per cent sodium lactate as the .

·27 washing solution instead of blood.-Five experiments were done. Diastolic arrest of 3 minutes was obtained in all cases. Two were revived within one minute without going into ventricular fibrillation, while three animals died due to ventricular fib. rillation, 6. Combination of potassium chloride 1.- per cent with acetylcholine 2 per cent under hypothermia using 10 per cent sodium lactate as washing solution.--Five experiments have been done Diastolic arrest ranging from 3 to 5 minutes, has been obtained in all five. Of these, three recovered without going into ventricular fibrillation within 10 minutes, the other two went into ventricula fibrillation and could not be revived. So far.

·28 8. Investigation into the role of allergens and various other factor in the production of bronchial asthma in Rajasthan in general, an Jaipur area in particular, under Dr. R.M. Kasliwal at the S.M. S Medical College, Jaipur. The work of the enquiry was planned for preparing a pollinatior enleninr and investignting the importance of other well known inhalan fillturgesis of this Art. The pollinntion calendar is a record of the allergenic plants and of the time (in kinys and months) when they effloresco nne liberato enough pollons in tho atmosphere to cause respiratory Allergies, Other inhnlants investigntod vero such woll known allergens As lounedust, fungi, animal donder, wool, cotton, etc. The work was planned as under 1. Botanical aurrrge of the area, to identify the local trees, weeds and grasses. 2. Collection of plant pollens at the time of their efflorescence and preparation of their extracts suitable for testing. 3. Determination of allergenic pollens by performing skin tests with their extracts. Study of atmospheric pollens and their correlation with the clinical history of the patients and the positivo skin.reactions. 5, Preparation of a pollination calendar. 6. Dotermination of the allergenic nature of other inhalants already mentioned. Nos. 1 and 2 of the above york were reported in the previous years 1955-56 and 1956-57. Technics of testing and interpretation of test There also reported earlier. All the plants of this region were collected fo botanical identification. 70 trees, 19 weeds and 45 grasses were thus investignted. On perusal of botanic details it was realised that man of the plants were unimportant from the point of pollination calenday Only the anemophilous and these entomophilous plants which gror. densely or shed light pollens capable of floating in the air were considew cd. Thus 30 trees, 7 weeds and 18 grasses which fulfilled these criterir were extracted for investigation of their allergenic role. The allergen city was determined by noticing the skin reactions in cases of prove respiratory allergies. Only those reactions which could also be tâllied with tho history at the time of pollination of the incriminated plants were considered significant. Actually it was observed that significant reactions were given by only those pollens which were allergenic. 100 patients of asthma, 22 of hay-fever and 38 of allergic rhinitis were investigated. Of asthma 29 were perennial, 40 perennial with seasonal exacerbation and 31 were seasonal. The plants that gave significant. and non-significant reactions are shown below:

·29 Type of Plant. Plants giving Significant reactions Plants giving non-significant Reactions TREES Ailanthus, Dodonaea, Holop. telia, Morus, Parkinsonia, Phoenix, Phyllanthus, Pithecolobium, Prosopis & Putranjiva. Acacia arabica & farnesiana, Aegle, Albizzia, Caesalpinia, Callistemon, Cassia, Cuminum Delonix, Enterolobium, Eucalyptus, Ixora, Leucaona, Lawsonia, Melia, Moringa, Nicotiana, Psidium, Raphanus and Salix. 1 WEEDS Amarantus gangeticus and . spinosus, Argemone, Chenopodium, Elatostema and Ricinus. Datura GRAS- SES Chloris, Cynodon, Dactyloc. tenium, Desmotachya, Digitaria, Elusine, Penni. setum typhoideum, Saccharum, Sorghum halepense & Zea-mays. Arundo, Cenchrus, Eragrostis minor & tremula, Panicum, Pennisetum dichotomum, Polypogon & Sorghum vulgare. After having determined the significant allergenic plants of the area, the investigation was extended to determine which of the pollons actually float in the air. For this purpose a catchment slide was placed on the highest point (roof) of S.M.S. Hospital and pollens caught on it were studied. The names of the plants whose pollens were thus caught are given below TREES WEEDS Ailanthus, Dodonaea, Holoptelia, Morus alba, Phoenlx, Phyllanthus, Prasopis, Putranjiva and Salvadora. Amarantus-Chenopodium & Elastostema group, Cannabis, Cyperus, Ricinus. The grass pollens cannot be differcutiated from each other, GRASSES On comparing pollenes found allergenic on testing and pollen caught on the slides, it was found that all important allergenic pollens were caught on the slides except Parkinsonia, Pithecolobium and Argemones, The grasses Dactylctenium, Digitaria and Elusine, though found genic on testing, produce meagte qnantity of pollens and much clinical importance.

·30 From the point of view of pollination calendar the plants whose pollens worc onught on the slide aro really important. Other pollens which are allergenic but do not attain any concentration in the air will only cause allergy if inhaled directly. This group will also include many ornamental plants like rose, mary-gold etc. which do not constituto part of tho present investigation. The pollination calendar of common and important plants, is given below. Name of plant Sept. Oct. Nov, Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. XXX X X XXX XXX X XXX Phoenix Prosopis Morus Ailanthus Salvadora Dodonnon Holoptelia Putranjiva Phyllanthus Am-Che-El group Cyperus Ricinus Cannabis Grasses XXX XX XXX XX X XX XXX XXX XXX XXX XX X X X XX x X X XXX XXX XXX XX X XXX XXX XXX XX (* indicates, aerial pollen concentration of less than 50, xx between 50. joo and xxx more than 100 per sq. cm. of the slide exposed, in monthwise distribution). A few general conclusions may be drawn from the above table. The trees excepting Phoenix and Prosopis pollinate in and after January. Phoneix is apt to cause symptoms starting from September and lasting through February while Prosopis starts in September and ends in November. Grasses on the contrary, are apt to cause maximum symptoms during rainy season and autumn. Of the weeds, the Amarantus-Chenopodium Elastostema group begins to appear in the air from August but attains maximum concentration only during November. It is noteworthy that when this group achieves the highest concentration in air the grass pollens show a decline which fact will help in differentiating the weed allergy from grass allergy. The pollinating periods of Cyperus and Rici. nus, however, coincide with those of grasses and have to be clinically differentiated and appraised. Pollens of Cannabis are most abundant in and after January and they last till after April when their concentration repidly declines. On studying the seasonal frequeney of individual pollens it could be said that grass allergy is clinically significant during rainy season and autumn, weeds during autumn and early winter and trees during late inter and spring.

·31 of the other inhalant allergens, house-dust was found to be th: commonest offender. It was responsible for allergic manifestations in 73 per cent of cases, either alone or in combination with other allergens. This high incidence, though reported in other countries as well, stresses the importance of house dust in Indian evironment. Of the fungi, rusts, Bmuts and molds of the area were investigated. The rusts and smuts which were obtained on fiield survey were extracted and tested. Of all the patients tested only 10 gave grade I positive reaction. No signif. cance could, however, be attached to these reactions as on further analysis of history of the disease and occupation in these patients, the reactions were found to be non-significant. Molds cannot be obtained in pure form in nature and hence aro boing cultured in the laboratory. Their allergenic character is well known. The catchment slides set up in the area have been showing a high concentration of molds in the air. It is hoped that in a few months, their importance in this region will be fully investigated. One case was found to be sensitive to wool, 4 to cotton-seed and 10 to animal danders. In the latter group 5 were sensitive to dog bair and 5 to camel hair. ... . The present research has been of clinical importance since it proinvestiga. institution allergeng, (iii) and besides, it establishes the role of other respiratory allergens that are common in this region.

·32 7. Enquiry on the value of commercial silk grafts to bridge large blood vessel gaps under Dr. Yudhveer Sachdev at the Medical Co llege, Amritsar. In the year 1956 and 1957 homografts preserved in 4 per cent neutra formalin solution at room temperature, 70 per ceni Ethyl alcohol, balanced salt solution containing 10 per cent homologous serum and antimicrobial drugs at a temperature 2°C to 6°C were implanted in the abdordinal aorta of 30 dogs MATERIAL AND METHOD 1 Silk tubes were prepared from a variety of Kaslımir silk known as Tabi by sewing with seving machine. Three types of silk tubes. (double lnyer, single layer untreated and single layer treated) were used to bridge the gap in the abdominal aorta of the dogs below the renal arteries. Before use these tubes were finely trimmed, mounted on glass rods and storilized either by autoclaving or boiling. The tubes were treated with blood and then tixed in alcohol. In the later series 500 c.c. 10000.c. of 5 per cent glucose was also given by nrapid drip at the end of the operation combat to shock. In 10 dogs penicillin was sprayed locally and also given par enterally in the post-operative period. Retrograde femoral ao rtography was done in 6 dogs at variable periods after the operation to visualise the condition of the prostheses. Macro and microscopic study of the prostheses removed was done in detail.. RESULTS Silk prostheses were impladted in the abdominal aorta of 48 dogs, with following results :- Seven dogs are still under observation with palpable femoral pulsation 216, 144, 125, 102, 3, 83 and 4 days after the operation. Retrograde femoral aortography, done in 6 of them, revealed patent prostheses. In 8 dogs prostheses were found to be patent and suture lines normal. Femoral pulsation remained palpable in all of them till the last day. Out of these 4 were sacrificed 17, 40, 42 and 67 days after the operation. One dog was killed during fight with another dog ž days after the operation and 2 died of haemorrhage, 13 and 15 days after the operation. In one of these the source of haemorrhage could not be traced and in the other it was due to opening of lateral seam and since then double seam is applied as a routine. One died of acute dilatation of the stomach on the 2nd post-operative day. In 9 dogs prostheses remained patent for 2, 2, 5, 12, 19, 20, 31, 51 and 14 days after the operation, as observed clinically by palpable femoral pulsation and later thrombosis occurred. In 6 dogs, femoral pulsation remained palpable for 4, 6, 12, 14, 37 and 45 days after the operation when they suddenly died of haemorrhage due to partial dehiscence of suture line. Prostheses in these dogs were found to be patent.

·33 in 4 dogs partial dehiscence with thrombosis occurred 4, 3 and 69 days after the operation. Thrombosis with paraplegia within 24 hours occurred in 8 dogs. In 4 dogs postmortem could not be done. In 2 femoral pulsat disappeared within 24 hours of the operation and in the other remained palpable till the last day when they died 4 and 12 days aft the operation. Two dogs absconded and femoral pulsation in these remaine patent for 18 and 21 days. GROSS PATEOLOGY: Out of the 48 dogs the prostheses were examined in 35 dogs. Fib. rous tube was formed around 19 prostheses. This tube was formed during the second week and was loosely adherent except near the suture lines. Luminal surface of the prostheses was covered by fibrin layer in 12 dogs. It was about 1 mm. thick and resembled intima of the host aorta in prostheses removed 6-7 weeks after the operation. There was no inner lining in prostheses in which early or late thrombosis occurred. It was loosely adherent except near the suture lines, HISTOPATHOLOGY: Histopathological examination was done in 28 prostheses which revealed that the inner fibrin lining was gradually replaced by fibrous tissue starting near the suture lines. Outer tube contained fibrous tissue, chronic inflammatory cells and foreign body gaint cells. No fibrous tissue was found growing through the interstices.

·R Study of renal changes following ureteric ligation and an assessment of recovery following release of obstruction by ureteric transplantation under Dr. B. N. Balkrishna Rao at the G. R. Medical College, Gwalior. From the worl: conlucird on this enquiry in the last thrce years, t!: Full mring cuplusions linin been train: (1) Smeru ranplete obstruction to the uroter invariably produces hvilenophrosis and not primary rennl otrophy as is usually lor!imvetl. (ii) Hly study of prilograrlo polograms, dro cxcrction tests (Indi- Bornemine on P.S. P. tests), Blood urca and histopathology, it has been concluird that critical time period for roversal of hyvirase phrotic clinnges is 21 days. fiii) The higher the obstruction in the uroter the quicker Jayalephrosis develops and moro tho renal damage. (iv) Incomplete obstruction to the urcter niso invariably produces hvilronirplırosis. This hydronephrosis is much slowcr to de velop anii produces lesser damnge to renal tissue then that of lydronphrosis big complctc obstruction, Thr nim of the present scheme is to clucidate the effects of gradusi, incomplete obstruction, to determinc the etiology of the so called idiopa. thie lyriconephrosis and to investigate certain other factors concerned vitli Xirimental hydronephrosis, for example, the study of the inte or growth of stond in hydroneplırosis anc or urinary bladder and the study of changes in lymphniic pattern. Thic changes in back pressure irrespective of the nature of primary obstruction are of importnncc duo to the ultimato effect they have on the kidney. Discussion on this subject has long interested physiologists, pathologists, as well as surgeons and urologists. The results of the present work differ fundamentally from previously published reports, especially on restitution to normal of hydronephrotic kidney. In the present work, controlnteral nephrectomy carried out to oxclude the cffect of renal counterbalance still led to functional recovery. This was conclusivo cridence of the recovery of the kidney which was formerly hydronephrotic, Tho knowledge gained through experimental work so far, has the following important therapeutic applications: (i) Conservatire trcatment of ureteral obstructions may be followed without any increased risk for a much longer period than is at present practised. (ii) Nephrectomy need not be carried out so frequently in cases of obstructive hydronephrosis. It should only be performed if, after removal of obstruction to allow the renal parenchyma optimun facilities for recovery, there has not been the expected progress.

·35 9. Inquiry into experimental production of pneumoconiosis an emphysema under Dr. R. K. Goyal at the S. M.S. Medical College Jaipur. The work reported till the end of September 1957 had shown that monkeys and dogs are very susceptible to pneumoconiosis, sheep and goats are less susceptible, whereas rats, rabbits and guinea-pigs are rather resistant. The susceptibility of pigs and cats was next investigated. Five pigs and fifteen cats in all were examined for this purpose. The results indicated that cats and pigs are not highly susceptible to pneumoconiosis. The presence of co-existing infection appears to be necessary for the production of early pneumoconiosis in these animals. In the present series of experiments the effects of added infection were investigated. As many as 72 rats were exposed to a mixture of dust (3 parts) and wood-charcoal (1 part). This mixture is preferred to simulate the condition to which the urban populations are usually exposed. Since the organisms isolated from the lungs of rats suffering from acute bronchiolitis or interstitial pneumonitis were usually B.coli (and only occasionally staphylococci), cultures of the former orgasisms only were used in infecting the animals in this experiment. Suitable controls were also maintained. The results are given below. The rats were made to inhale dust and charcoal for periods varying from 23 to 52 days; sub-lethal doses of B. coli (200-300 million) were injected intraperitoneally either (a) about one month before the inhalation or (b) during the period of inhalation. The injection of B. coli one month before the inhalation, did not have any effect on the lesions The lesions of early pneumoconiosis with presence of coal particles and scanty silica particles were less marked in those rats who had received B. coli injection during the course of inhalation B. coli injection produced acute interstitial pneumonitis which probably helped in the mobilization of the few carbon or silica particles already present in the lung tissue. The intraperitoneal injection of B. coli or a mixture of B. coli and Staphylococci led to the appearance of extensive peribronchial foci of lymphocytic infiltrations. These lesions resembled those produ. ced in rats exposed to inhalation of dust, hence the lesions in the lungs of rats may be considered to be mostly non-specific. A few silica parti. cles along with the granulomations lesions were encountered only when chronic inflammatory lesion co-existed. These chronic inflammatory sions could not be reproduced by injection of, B. coli or staphylococci. was, therefare, considered desirable to use an avian strain of tubercle scilli to produce chronic inflammatory lesions, such a virulent strain wever, could not be easily obtained. A suspension of rat leproma illus was obtained instead from the School of Tropical Medicine, cutta and the effects of its injection were investigated. Tho rat leproma suspension was injected into the lung of four rats. preliminary experiment, a rat was exposed to dust and charcoal ation for 28 days after about four weeks of the intrapulmonary inn of the suspension, small amounts of silica along with carbon par. were discernible in a few small foci. It would thus sppea - inflammatory lesions produce chronic lymphe Fention of carbon and silica particles.

·36 The above-mentioned cxperiments woro repeated with certai mollifiontions/using guinca-pigs. The inhalation of a mixture of dust an charcoal carried out for 16 to 38 days produced foci of lymphocyti infiltration as roll ng marked narrowing of some arterioles; coal anı silica particlos wcro cncountored in moderate amounts when there wa co-csisting subacuto bronchiolitis. Attempts to produce chronic-bron ohiolitis and lymphangitis with the B.C. G. strain of bacillus provec unsuccessful. In the next sorics of experiments, 100 tubercle bacilli (virulent human strain) were injected intraperitoneally into guinea-pigs, which were then made to inhalc dust and carbon mixture at varying intervals. Tho guinea-pigs, which developed onrly tubercular lesions 4-5 weeks after infection showed the presonce of silica and carbon particles in moderate amounts, whereas the uninfected controls showed presence of silica only very scantily. The infocted guinea-pigs which did not develop carly tubercular lesions at this stage did not slov any accumulation of silica particlos. It is thus clear that chronic inflammatory lesions causing probably obstruction to the lymph flow are responsible for early pnoumoconiosis in guinea-pigs. The experiments were repeated using 21 rabbits this time, of which four dicd promaturely. The rabbits exposed to a mixture of dust and charcoal in the inhalation chamber for 24-38 days developed definite interstitial pneumo. nitis and in a few instances, the vessel walls were markedly thickened, but the silica particles were either absent or were very scanty. A number of rabbits were injected, each with 10 million tubercle bacilli by the intravenous route and were made to inhale mixture of dust and charcoal for varying periods along with uninfected controls. They were sacrificed from 14 days onwards. Silica particles were in evidence in moderate amounts in rabbits showing tubercular lesions, whereas the uninfected controls had only very scanty amounts of silica excepting in one case where the uninfected rabbit developed bronchiolitis. Thus, it again became evident that the presence of chronic inflammatory lesions is required for the production of early pneumoconiosis in rabbits. Twenty monkeys were made to inhale a mixture of dust and charcoal for periods varying from 15 to 56 days. Three monkeys were given, in addition, sublethal doses of B. coli by the intravenous route, the carbon and dust particles were mobilized due to the acute infection and the lesions of pneumoconiosis were consequently less severe than in the controls. Six of the monkeys which were in apparently good health, became ill and showed definite tubercular lesions on post-mortem examination when they were made to inhale dust and carbon mixture for 13 to 20 days. It would appear that pre-existing tubercular lesions were markedly aggravated by the inhalation of dust and charcoal. Most of the monkeys, especially the older ones showed varying degrees of thickness of some of the arteriolar walls in the lungs. The thickening was generally of the nature of medial hypertrophy with degenerative changes, the lesions of endarteritis obliterans being infrequent. The medial hypertrophy-indicated the existenes of pulmonary ·37 hypertension, which might lead eventually to cor pulmonale. No evidence of advanced heart failure was seen in the experimental animals. Further work is required to elucidate the fact 'whether this benign pneumoconiosis does really cause an increased susceptibility to infective lung diseases.

·38 10. Inquiry on bio-microsocopic study of the conjunctival vessels in relation to the general arteriosclerosis and coronary artery discasc under Dr. K.N. Mathur, Dr. K.S. Mathur and Dr. P.N. Wahi at the Medical College, Agra. Abstract of the worl done during the year 1958.-In the year 1958, 35 cases of cssentini lypertension and 20 cases of coronary heart disease woro oxamined and the olasticity of the conjunctival vessels was determinod by the samo old technique which was porfected in the past years and in which priscol, a vasodilator drug, was used. Fiſty normal cases were also examined during this year by a new techniquo in which a vasoconstrictor drug like adrenaline hydrochloride was usel in place of priscol for finding out the elasticity of conjunctival yesscls. Results of the Hyperlensive cases examined with Priscol.--Blood vessels of diameters of 1, to 2 mm. were observed in all the hypertensive cases, whilo vessels of 3mm, diameter were seen in only 32 per cent cases. In tho romaining 68 per cent it was not possible to demonstrate rosscls of 3mm, diameter. These later cases belonged to the older age group. A change from the normal was also observed in the pattern of the conjunctival vessels in hypertension. Tortuesity, loops, sharp bends, irregularity of the lumen of the vessels and aneurysms were common in thcsc cases. Along with the changes in the pattern of the conjunctival vessels in hypertension, a diminution in their elasticity was also observed. It was seen that the conjunctival vessels did not dialate to the same extent with priscol as observed in the normal individuals of the same age group. When compared with the normals of the same age group, it was also ob. served that the vessels shoved a delay in the onset of dilatation, and an increasc, in the duration of maximum dilatation and the time taken by them to return back to their original diameter. All cases of hypertension with the above findings in the conjunctival vessels showed sclerotic changes as well as logs in elasticity of the vessel wall. Results with Adrenaline hydrochloride...In spite of very satisfactory results obtained by the use of priscol, one great inconvenience was felt. The priscol test was found to be very much tiring to the patient as it took nearly 1t to 2 hours or even more to complete the examination. This necessitated exploration for some other drug which when used would help to shorter the duration of the test. Adrenaline hydrochloride being a short acting drug, was ultimately choosen. To start with, 50 normal subjects were examined with different dilutions of adrenaline hydrochlorde to find out if there is a variation in the threshold in different age groups. This being not so, it is now decided to use 1: 1000 dilution of adrenative hydrochlorde for all the age groups. The investigations are in progress.

·39 11. Inquiry on biochemical studies on tumor under Dr. S.C. Roy, Department of Applied Chemistry, Calcutta Voiversity, Calcutta. Biochemical. Ten diferent samples of blood plasma from patients under the hospital condition bave been analysed with respect to free and protein amino acids by the paper chromatographic technique. The lipid content of whole blood from both the normal and the leucoderma patient was studied. The total lipid was further fractionated into phospholipida (lecithin, cephalin), cholesterol. The significance of these data will be assessed after an adequate oomber is studied. Clinical. Majority of cases coming for leucoderma (Vitilige) shor some sort of gastro-intestinal disorder and clinical investigation sy intestinal infectiou by one or more of the then bacteria). Anot grouped into A. Cases with definito colitis baving specific pathogenic intestinal infection, D. Cases with no clinical manifestation of colitis. Other precipitating factors associaied with the appearance of the josion are trauma, application of some sort of cosmetics etc. Response depends on the treatment of specific infection, type of lesion, duration and finally on the local pigment stimulating applications. Afaco-cutaneous and cosmetic types and late cases do not reveal satisfactory response. horser fame durati We rule of specific treatment, nutrients, high protein, essential amine acids and hepatic tonics etc., will be assessed at The conclusion of the esperiment. Group. Total number Response. Partial or satisfactory of cages, Complete Poor. A 4 1 B 7 2 ·40 12. Enquiry on synthetic media of tissue culture and the measurement of proliferation of cells under Dr. C. V. Ramakrishnan at the Faculty of Science, Baroda University, Baroda. The project on tissuo culturo vas started in this laboratory with tho following objects: (i) To sinndardisc methods for the measurement of uptake of . nutrients by a growing tissue speck. (ii) To standardise methods for meakuring tissuo proliferation. (iii) To study the enzyme systems active in the tissue and their change with growth or deterioration. (iv) To differentinto proliferating surviving and deteriorating tissues with the help of nutritional and biochemical data and to differentiate tissues which can not as yet be differentinted on a histochemical basis. It has been possible to achieve standardization of the conditions for growing chick ombryonic tissues directly on glass in roller tubes in i purely synthetio medium. Micromethods have been standardised for the estimation during the proliferation of the tissue speck in synthetic medium, of sugar uptake, (Gothoskar, Ratnam and Ramakrishnan, Clinica Chimica Acta, 1995), increase in tissue protein (Gothoskar, Ratnam and Ramakrishnan, Natur wissenchaften, 1958), and amino acid uptake (Gathoskar, Raina and Ramakrishnan, communicated) Micromethod for the estimation of respiration and enzyme activity in the proliferating tissues, with special reference to the Kreb cycle. cnzymes have also been worked out. : (Gothoskar, Raina and Ramakrishnan, paper under preparation). It is found that the ratio of change in tissue protein to change in sugar content of the medium yields a measure that enables us to differentinto proliferating, surviving and decaying tissues from one another (Gothoskar, Ratnam and Ramakrishnan, Ind. Jour. Med. Res. 1958; Gothoskar, Ratnam and Ramakrishnan, Experimental cell Reg. 1958). Preliminary investigations carried out show that chick tissue does not necd glutamine, whereas rat and human tissue are known to need glutamine (Gothoskar, Ratnam and Ramakrishnan. Ind. Jour. Med. Res. 1958). This observation derives additional reinforcement from the high content of glutamine synthetase enzyme in chick tissue and low content of the same in rat tissue. It is also found that the ratio of protein synthesis to sugar uptake differs in various media. (Gothoskar, Ratnam ind Ramakrishnan, Ind. Jaur. Med. Res. 1958). These findings underline jhe need for obtaining precise biochemical data on various normal tissues ind for working out standard conditions for their growth in synthetic nedia. . - ܢ ·41 nnsnr af maniata an af *13, Clinical study' of 'neuropathies under Dr. P. N. Chuttani at the Medical College, Amritsar. A total of 081 anothic-were studied 251 cases long enough ssion. The main aetiological or clinical groups met with were diabetic neuropathy in 86 patients, arsenical neuropathy in 23, Landry Guillain-Barre synd. rome in 24, subacute combined degeneration in 18, meralgia paraesthetica in 21, shoulder girdle syndrome in 7, nutritional neuropathy in 14, and the "idiopathic” variety in 20.. A large number of other varieties 3), typhoid (3), neumonia (1), togenic carcihyperemesis ial polyneuriteritis nodo- Apart from routine laboratory ins: .ii .,!!!. Boi", 15., digital nerves of the involved limbs wi' .,1!1 ; ..! examination conducted after staining elit. I 1.1:7: II.: 11 Van Geison, osmic acid or myelin stain, azocarmine or P.A.S. and of frozen sections with silver stain. Frozen sections were also studied under polarised light. Changes such as increased cellularity, thickening of perineurium and/or endoneurium, increase of fibrous tissue, fragmenta. tion, granularity, ballooning and absence of myelin and swelling, frag. mentation, diminution or absence of axons were seen in various combi. nations. No specific histopathological picture emerged for any particular aetiological variety and there was no obvious correlation between the severity of 'histological change and the clinical condition. However, pathological changes were the rule when neuropathy was well developed. Seventyfive cases reported for one or more follow-up examinations. Serial nerve biopsies were done in twenty patients at intervals, longer than twa ronths. While in five instances repeat biopsies showed severer changes, improvement was noticed in three ; others showed no appreciable change.

·12 14. Inquiry entitled 'Relative value of rest and movement in the trcatment of intra-articular fractures-on experimental study' under Dr. B. Mukopadhya at the P.W. Medical College, Patna. During the current year experiments were limited only to the knee joint. It was de loxto produce damage to individual structures of the joint, as for eximple, the articular cartilage, the cancellous bone, the eynovinl membranc, ctc. and then to study the effect of each of those injuries on the structure and function of the joint. With these objectives, the damage was limited to the articular cartilage in the first scries of experiments, and in the sccond series only a linear transverse fracture of the patella was produced without damaging its tendon. Following the injury ono series of animals was immobilized in plaster Philc tlic otlıcr scrics was not so immobilized. The function of the joint was assessed accurately crcry day and the results noted. After sacrificing the animnis at fixed intervals from the date of operation, a complete and thorough cxamination of the damaged joint was carried ont. Photographs were taken at the time of sacrifice and careful histological examination was made of all layers of tissues. The following conclusions mere drain :- (1) Thc articular cartilage when damaged by intrarticular frac. turos, undergoes a distinctive type of repair. The area denuded of articular cartilage is covered by an exudate in which there is proliferation of fibrous tissuo cells. Study of the material at different intervals from the date of injury indicates that this exudate which fills up the denuded aren is gradually invaded by a type of granulation tissue. The deeper parts of this granulation tissue which lie in contact with the subjacent bone undergo a process of gradual replacement by fibro-cartilagenous cells. These cells are probably derived by cell metaplasia in exposed bony trabucale. The marrow in this area undergoes considerable proli. feration with the presence of a large number of newly formed blood vessels. Gradually the whole area of denuded cartilage comes filled UP with fibro-cartilagenous tissue. The thickness of this fibro-cartilage is not uniform nor are the cells arranged in any regular pattern. At the margins of the denuded area of the articular cartilage the repair may not be as advanced as in the central portions. Gradually, the superficial layers of this fibro-cartilage become fattened and the surface layer comes to resemble the surface layer of normal hyaline cartilage. As time goes on further changes can be noticed. These consists of gradual transformation of the fibro-cartilage into hyaline cartilage in the superficial portion. The deeper portions undergo gradual ossification, the process these changes being a direct trausformation of fibrous tissue elements into bony tissue. Ultimately at the end of 18 weeks, which is the longest period for which these animals have been observed, the damaged area of the articular cartilage is covered by tissue which very cosely resembles normal hyaline cartilage. So far as has been observed, it has not been possible to detect any difference in the nature and type of repair between the animal which had post-operative immobilization and those which did not have such treatment. of Interesting as the changes in the denuded area of the articular cartilage are, the changes which occur in the articular cartilage of the con- ·43 dyle of the femur, over which the damaged area of the patellary surface plays during movements of the knee joints, are even more interesting. The changes in this area may be summarised as of two types. (a) The more frequent changes consist of degeneration, vacuola. tion, hyalinization and destruction of the articular cartilage cells. The superficial layers of the articular cartilage are shed off and the cartilage becomes thinned so that in certain areas the subchondral bone may become exposed. In this degenerated portion of the cartilage there is evidence of fibrosis and also formation of fibro-cartilagenous cells. The subchondral bone also shows definite changes. The predominant picture is that of suppression of the normal articular cartilage. The cells lose their regular columner arrangement and their normal pattern is disturbed. (b) In a smaller proportion of cases, although there is some degeneration and vacuolation of the articular cartilage cells the predominant picture is that of proliferation so that the surface layer of cells is considerably thickened. However, even in these cases there is disturbance in the smooth lining of the surface layers. (2) In the series of experiments in which a simple linear fracturo through the whole thickness of the patella was created, with or without subsequent immobilization, the following changes were noted :- Microscopically: (a) There was some evidence of fibrosis in the synovial mem. brane. (b) There was definite evidence of a rusty pigmentation of the synovial tissues. (c) The fracture line in the articular cartilage could be detected even at the end of 12 weeks the longest period for which these animals were observed. (d) No evidence of the line of fracture could be detected in the bone even at three weeks after the experiment. Microscopically, the changes are very interesting. In all animals er observed, the bone had healed completely so that no evidence of racture line could be detected in any section taken three weeks the operation. The articular cartilage, however, showed presence it like gap in every case except one. The margins of the slit mooth and lined by cells resembling the cells of the surface layer articular cartilage. At the deepest part of the slit where the Se joins bone, there was evidence of fibrous proliferation and the abeculae adjacent to this area showed definite evidence of osteo- -ctivity. Only in one case the area of damage in the cartilage Hup with fibrous tiesue. The articular surface of +1 fc Jinimal changes. The histological appearances between the two groups of the cases.

·· In the group of animals in which purè articular-Cartilage-damago was produced, the function in the limb returned in an average period of 8 to 0 days from the date of the operation if no immobilization was instituted. In the group of animals there the operation was followed by a period of three weeks immobilization in plaster, full functiou returned on an average about 14 to 15 days following the removal of the plaster. Thus, the total period of disability in this series amounted to an average of five wooks instead of I days as in the non-immobilized group. Exactly tho samo results were obtained in the group of animals in which a trans- Torso fracture of patella was produced. Thus, it will be seen that where tho articolar damage is minimal restoration of function is complete whatover the method of treatment adopted. This is in accordance with the results of our prerious cxperiments. "The only advantage obtained by not immobilizing the limb was that complete functional restoration Tras nchicred in a shorter period of time. Histological studies also indicated that the nature of tissue repair in groups immobilised and not iinmobilised aro similar and no difference could be found in the local tissue changes. Further experiments with more severe types of injury to the joints are in progress.

·15.' Experimental study of the role of adrenal cortex in the genesis of congenital abnormalities under Dr. I. P. Agarwal at the G. R. Medical College, Gwalior. 48 The experimental study was carried out on two different breeds of fowie i.e., Rhode Island Red (R.I.R.) and white leg-horn (W.L.H.) in order to evaluate the effect of genetic constitution in relation to the rolo of adrenal cortex in the genesis of congenital abnormalities. The chick embroys of R.I.R. showed a high incidence of spontaneous early deaths and congenital abnormalities (29 per cent and 19.8 per cent respectively), while the chicken of pure breed W.L.H, fouls showed 11.5 per ce it spontaneous deaths and 2.2 per cent congenital abnorm. alities, The former probably had an inherent weaker background. The main conclusions of the present study are as follows: A. Action of cortisone acetate on embryonic tissues of the check (Injection of 0.0018, 0.0032 and 0.0016 mg. per egg into the albumin of egg) M godetic (i) Cortisone acetate eren in such minute roses exerted a very marked lethal action on embryonic tissues of the chick. This action is independent of genetic constitution of the two breede. (ii) Cortisone acetate exerted teratogenic action only in R. I. R. which had a defective genetic background as evidenced by a high incidence of spontaneous congenital abnormalities. In pure breed W.L. H. which showed few congenital abnormali. ties, cortisone failed to manifest any teratogenic action. There fore, it will be more logical to state that cortisone potentiates the expression of inherent genetic weakness. This is in eonfirmity with the observations of Fraser, Fainstat and Kalter who observed increased incidence of cleft palate after cortisone in a strain of mice genetically susceptible to this condition. This can also explain the failure of many workers to demonstrate any teratogenic action of cortisone acetate in chicks, rats and mice while others observed the potentiating action of cortisone acetate on spontaneous abnormalities in mice, insulin induced bnormalities in chick embryos and hyper-vitaminosis A indu ad abnormalities in rats. urther investigations into the anti-teratogenic action of cortisone act. . section of cortisone acetate into mother hens of W.L. H. breed, produce any effect on egg laying capacity, fertility, sponta. ly deaths of chick embryos but on the other hand, eliminated I abnormalities. Since this breed has not got a very low inci. per cent) of spontaneous congenital a buormalities it is not v evaluate the exact significance of this observation. However, a further importance in view of the obs.. cortisone acetate has been successful in els action of trypan blue on rat embryos.

·46 C. Comparative study of congenital abnormalities induced by cortisone, insu. lin and eserinc sulphate. It appears thnt teratogenic effcct af insulin is also partially depend. cnt upon the inherent genotic weakness of individual breed. This quali. tativo similarity of insulin and cortisono (both being internal secretions) requircs further study. D The histological examination of adrenal gland in controls and cortisono treated chick embryos did not show any change in morphology and distribution of sudanophilic material. E. Vitamin C has also been estimated in allantoic fluid of cbick embr. yos in control scrics of both the breeds.

·47 36. Investigations into the epidemiological factors of rheumatic beart disease under Dr. Devi Chand, and antistreptolysin titres in children under Dr. S.L. Bhatia at the Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi. ully was originally started in the Hills uring the first year tho incidence and > in tho Himalayan Hills were studied year the enquiry was continued at Deus, and besides studying the epidemiological factors in the plaszs, attention FRheridity, the i chanisms and rheuma tic heumatic patien.in. dotuuy » streptococci from throat cultures was carried out is being specially runstudies were also undertaken A rheumatic clinic and C-reactire protein for this project at the Iowa Hospital New Delhi. Bacteriological work connected with the enquiry was carried out by Dr. S. L. Bhatia, Professor of Bacteriology, Lady Hardinge bledical College, New Delhi. So far 162 patients of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease were studied in Delhi. Of these 130 were proved cases of sheumatic disease and 32 were doubtful cases. The antistreptolysin 0 titres were dons in all of them. However, detailed clinical analysis could be made oply in 116 of the 130 proved cases. The results are given below: Clinical.There were 70 males and 45 females. Two were under 6 years of age, sixty-eight between 6 and 20 years, forty-four between 20 essed 40 and six above 40 years of age. Eleven cases presented themselves in the classical phase, 99 in the phase of protracted carditis and 5 in the quiescent pbase. Among cases of protracted Carditis 62 bad active rheumatic process at the time examination, and of these 64 were in congestive heart failure. History of classical attack could be elicited in only 53 per cent of the cases while in the rest tho onset was either with low grade symptoms or the lesions were discovered accidentally on routine physical examination. Whatever the made of onset, more than 70 per cent of the cases had their first symptoms between 6 and 20 years. An antecedent history revealing the association drome could be elic casce who of 30 cases of this vype a nistory of sore-tbroat and upper sespitatory infection could bo obtained only in & cases. The other precipitating factors elicited Were batterial infections Cases; ferer of undefined nature-5 Cases; exposure, fatigue, exhaustion and chil-6 cases; pbysicsi trauma--3 cases; pregnancy air. psychic stress cases. This emphasises trigger mache exciting th of trigor -Lbad th play in ·48 Regarding clinicni mainfestntions, the majority of cascs had arthral. Rinka 11 lind actualarthritis. Eight cases lind chorca. No case with subcutaneous noduler or crythema marginatum was scen.. All cascs #hone orience of carditis. Significant apical murmurs were present in 111 coen. The incidence of valvular involvement was as follows:- Mitral fenlogis, 18; mitrnl incompetence, 30; mitral stenosis and and incompetence, 15; nortic #tenosis, 6; nortic stenosis and incomptencr, 2; pure portio incompetencr, land combinations of mitral and nortic legjons, 10 CAE('fi. One case hind tricuspid regurgitation. Baricriolmiral.The normal antistreptobysin titre tas 200 units as indiented by results on a majority of controls. All cases in the classical phase hari litre avoro 100 units, most of them showing a titre abovc 1000. Amongst cases with protracted carditis showing firns of actirits, cleven showed a titro of less than 200, another clrren bortscon 2000n, four between 400-1000 while in one case it was above 1000. In cases of protracted carditis without rheumatic activity Beren showed a titre of below 200, three between 200-400, 9 between 400. 1000 and two nbore 1000. In the absence of rheumatic activity in this kroup, the high litres obserred sccm to be contrary to expectations. Among the controls, the majority showed titres below 200 units, fourteen between 200-400, two between 100-1000 and in two cases the titre was baro 1000. Investigations which aro in progress on the lines indicated xlove will throw further light on the cpidemiological and clinical aspects of the problems. 17. Comparolive study of serological techniques in detecting antibodics following immunization with S. Typhi o antigen in rabbits and in sera of patients suffering from enteric fevers under Dr. A.K. Banerjec ot the S.S.K, Memorial Hospital, Calcutta. S. typhi (0.001) collindalo strain has been used in this investigation. Ilic o antigen of the intact bacteria and the isolated soluble polysaccharide fraction of the O antigen complex, hare been studied. Tho studies on the polysaccharide fraction also included quantitative chomical annlysis and (stimation of its sugar. The serological studies included qualitative bacterini agglutinntion, polysaccharide haemagglutination, iminunc.liacmolysis and their specific inhibition by the polysac. charido heptene. The organism has been adapted to grow in a synthetic medium. Work is in progress to study the serological behaviour of antibodies following immunization with antigen (S. typhi-0) containing known amounts of bacterial nitrogen, lipid, polysaccharide and an appropriate mixture of them. Scrological techniques in saline and macro-molecular media are being scd in the study of both rabbit and human sera.

·49 18. Enquiry on the early diagnosis of enteric fevers under Dr. N.P. Gupta at the K. G, Medical College, Lucknow. Laboratory diagnosis of enteric fever requires 48-72 hours with the available procedures like blood culture, Widal test, stool culture, etc. It is oven more difficult in early stages of disease, when only blood culture is said to be positive. With the rapid advance in the treatment of en. teric fever, it has become necessary to discover techniques to diagnose these cases early and quickly. It was proposed to investigate if a soluble antigen could be detected in blood and/or uripe in early stages of this disease in human beings and in experimental mouse typhoid. or hapte tion bac Eight patients with a positive blood culture on admission, wero studied and their urine was examined for a number of days for goluble antigens. Haemagglutination inhibition was observed in the urine of 5 out of 8 cases of enteric fever investigated. This inbibition was observed in the second week of the disease in all the 5 cases and sometimes even after the agglutinins appeared in the blood. Haemagglutination inhibition test was positive with the serum of two out of 16 cases of enteric fever with positive blood culture. In theso cases complete inhibition of haemagglutination was observed. The bacteriophage inhibition test was carried out by noting a reduc. tion' in the number of plaques obtained with a standard V phage A, which had been incubated with urine or serum. Parallel titration of original phage was also carried out. This test was done with urine of 8 cases and serum of 7 cases of enteric fever. No reduction was seen in the number of plaques. It was concluded that the Vi antigens or haptens were probably not present in the urine or serum in a soluble form. 3 present, but it was not possible to demonstrate the presente of Rumble antigen by this method. (ii) Observations were also made on experimentally indoor mouse typhoid with S. typhi.murium, Four sets of empediments per done. Two sets of 50 mice each were infected by intraperitoneal anjec. tions of S. typhi murium, another 2 sets of 100 mice each Trete iniected by oral feeding with the same organism. Mice Fere zi stubolic cages, and haemagglutination inhibition test was done Titkise ins anul faecal extract of mice in all the 4 sets throughout the courte dite disease. During the course of disease in all the act, Thurg C bacteraemia were recorded by repeated bacterial comtina tire blood o infected mice. TL-1 11. with mia i faeca results. Haemagglutination inhibition test Triti sa cita also did not show any positive results.

·50 19, Investigation into the problem of chronic splenomegaly and its relation to hepaticpathology under Dr. B. K. Aikat and Dr. A. K. Basu at the S.S.K.M. Hospital, Calcutta. The object of this enquiry was to study the (a) the association of chronic splenomegaly with hepatic pathology and (b) the effect of splenomegaly on the structural and functional status of the liver. The study included: A. 1. Investigation of cases whero splenomegaly was one of the outstanding features to establish the cause or causes of such splenomegaly. Investigations into the functional and structural status of the liver in such cases. 2. A study of selected cases on whom splenectomy was performed with or without an appropriate shunt operation- 3. A longitudinal study of such cases involving assesment of the clinical, haematological and the structural and functional status of the liver was undertaken during the post-operative follow-up. period. B. Experimental production of hepatic damage with or without gross splenomegaly and study the effect of (i) splenomegaly on the evolution of the hepatic lesion and (ii) splenectomy on the evolution of experimental cirrhosis, performed at various stages. Results of the Clinico-pathological study : Analysis of 75 cases of Spleno megly. Aetiolo ical classification. No. of cases. 1- Primary Liver Disease : 26 12 3 (a) Post necrotic cirrhosis (b) Diffus Hepatic Fibrosis (c) Postnecrotic scarring (d) Late stages of cirrhosis anatomically unclassified .. 11 52 ·61 2. Extrahepatic Obstruction 3. Thalassaemia E. Disease 4. Chronic Malaria 5. Kala-azar 6. Polycythaemia Vera 7. Primary Splenic Tumour 13 3 3 2 1 1 75 After assessing the functional status splenectomy, with or without splenorenal shunt was performed in the following groups :- Splenectomy Splenectomy with shunt alone Post necrotic cirrhosis 7 Diff. Hepatic Fibrosis 4 5 Post necrotic scarring 3 0 Ext. Hep. Obstruction 8 Primary R.E. Hyperplasia 0 4 Total 18 28 The subsequent assessment has been done as a longitudinal study daring the follow-up period of 3 years. - Conclusions from the Clinico.pathological data. 1. In every case of splenomegaly the cause could be established. It appears that there is very little justification in recognising any fur. ther, the term, "Tropical Splenomegaly". 2. Hepatic pathology constituted the commonest aetiological fac. tor. Post-necrotic cirrhosis and scarring formed the largest single group. 3. No linear relationship was detected between the extent of portal pressure, ascites, haemmorhagic episodes and the size of the spleen. 4. The largest spleens were seen in the post-necrotic cirrhosis and scarring group as also in primary R.E. cell hyperplasia of the spleen. Histologically, cellular hyperplasia was the most common feature in splenomegaly associated with liver disease. The size of the spleen was comparatively smaller in the extra.hepatic obstruction group where the classical picture of fibrocongestive splenomegaly was seen. 5. Haemmorhagic episodes were the most frequent symptoms in the extra-hepatic obstruction group in whom absence of ascites, however, was the outstanding feature. 6. A hypersplenic factor was observed in all cases and in almost every case there was improvement of the haematological status after removal of the spleen. 7. Although the number of operated cases with can ·52 cascs splenectomy with shunt has given the most encouraging results in all the studied groups. Splenectomy alone appears to be less 'effective and carried a higher mortality rate during the subsequent follow-up period. In the primary liver diseases group, the results were most satisfactory in post-necrotic scarring. Comparatively, the post-necrotic cirrhosis group have shown better posts-operative results than cases with diffuso hepatic fibrosis. 8. One of the important complications during the post-operative period was infectious hepatitis confined only to the post-necrotic cirrhosis and scarring group. The cause of this selective incidence may be of significance although can only be a matter for speculation at this stage. 9. Pathology of the spleen:-Contrary to the existing concepts, a marked difference was observed between the pathology of the spleen complicating liver disease and those due purely to mechanical obstruction due to extra-lepatic obstruction. While the classical picture of fibrocongestive splonomegaly was observed in the later group, reticuloendothelial hyperplasia was the most prominent feature in cases with cirrhosis. Such cellular hyperplasia could be well compared with primary R.E. cell hyperplasia associated with conditions, like Kala-azar, Malaria or Thalassaemia E. disease. The congestive features were very much less marked both in extent and in distribution. Similar congestive features were also seen in Primary R.E. hyperplasia of the spleen. Experimental Study : A pilot study was first carried out to produce signficant degree of splenomegaly by intra-peritoneal injections of a macromolecular sub. stance, methylcellulose with a viscosity grade of 400 centipoises. It was possible to produce gross spleno megaly by giving 30 injections of 1 c.c. of 2.5 per cent methyl cellulose intra-peritoneally twice a week. Liver injury is being produced by 30 biweekly injections of carbon tetrachloride of 0.1 c.2. per 100 g. of body weight in adult albino rats. Experimental groups under investigation : Group A Ccl with Cel with Cola+Meth. Cell. + Meth. Cellt Bal. diet 2 per cect prot. diet. Bal. Diet. Bal. Diet. Group B Splenectomy in each of the above groups after 30 injections. Group C Primary splenectomy followed by the procedures in Group A. The structural and functional status of the liver is being evaluated in each group along with biochemical estimations of the liver tissue.

·53 > 20. Inquiry into electrophoretic study of immunised rebbits with parti. 'cular reference to immunological tolerance under Dr. D. Barua at S.S.K.M. Hospital, Calcutta. The object of this part of the study was to see whether acquired immunological tolerance could be established in rabbits with bacterial antigens and to see whether such tolerance could be correlated with the synthesis of gamma globulin by baby-rabbits. Rabbits of unselected breed were mated in the laboratory and their offsprings were used for the experiments. A beat killed suspension of localy isolated strain of S. typhi was used throughout the experiments tor immunisation. For agglutination reaction the 'H' & 'O suspensions were prepared from standard straing of S. typhi obtained from NTCC, Colindale. The sensitivity of each of the suspensions were tested with standard were before being used for the tests. Six adults rabbits which were free from antibodies against 8. typhi Four weeks was found Only 10 baby-rabbits born of 4 mothers free from antibodies against 5. Typhi survived the experiments which is associated with high mortality rate. One out of each of 4 litters was kept as control and remaining 6 were immunised with 0 2 c.c. of the antigen containing about 50x106 organism injected intramuscularly within 4-16 hours of birth. Two and four weeks after immunisation, the sera of the control and test animals were found to contain no demonstrable antibody. These ten animals were challanged again with the same antigen when they are about 16 veeks old as in case of the adult control animals. Four weeks later the titre of the sera of the control baby rabbits was found to vary between 1:160 and 1:1280 and that of the test animals from 0 and 1:160. -- - Eight pregnant rabbíts, free from antibody against 8. typhi were opened up on the 25th and 30th days of gestation and the embroys in atero were injected Im with 0.2 c.c. of tho antigen containing about 50 x 106 organisms. Only 3 baby -rabbits of 3 litters which were immunised mo and four weeks gera. They wore 1 injection of the Four weeks later the titre was found to vary between 0 and 1:80. These experiments tend to show that partial immunological tolerance could be established in rebbits with 8. typhi antigen, Electrophoretic study of the sera of new-born rabbits revealed Bence of gamma-globulin in their sera in varing amoun hich borrowed gamma. globulin from their mothers. So iny reline has given up.

·06 22. Studies on the role of inositol in hyperlipemic conditions und Dr.V, Srinivasan at Mndurai Medical College, Madurai. I'reliminary studies showed that Cholesterol, particularly the fre furin, aroumulated in thu tissues of the organism Coryra Cophalonica s am lan in the blood of the albino-rots fail on inositol deficient dict: In these studies gammexan!", ain inositol nntimetabolito tras used fo prevduring the intitol (oficirncy. Based on the results of these studio gurinene wire conducted to elucidate the bjochemical function liis ritsmin in cholesterol mrtabolism with special reference to its influ 1104 an the cholesterol esferase setivity of liver and pancreas. Th relimin:ry in ritro stulies loul to the interesting finding that inositol al 10t completely roverad the inhibitory effect of gammexane on thi terase. This in ritrn riully was next extended to in vito studies ir binn.rits, wortlic liver cholesterol esterification was studied in rat: nintsisend as different types of rations which aro known to product Il livet, such as high cholesterol fccding, high fat fccding, pyridoxine ficirnex, pantaithenic acid deficiency and cholinc deficiency. Free olet rol was markedly increased under most of the experimental condi. "215 used. Cholesterol csterase notivity was found to bo low in all inovi deficient groups and curntive studies with inositol brought tho cnzsic freel in the liver to normal. During those studies it was frequennotier that the adrenals showedl marked cnlargement in inositol iciency. Therefore, the role of inositol in adrenal cortical function is , being studied to scc shetlicr this vitamin has any onzymic rolo in biosynthesis of tho ndrenal steroids.

·57 23. Study of the effects of selected respiratory stimulants in states of pulmonary insufficiency associated with hypercapnia and hypoxia under Dr. N.R. Konar at the Nilratan Sırcar Medical College, Calcutta. Thirtyone patients with pulmonary insufficiency, diagnosed clinically were selected for studies. In addition to a detailed clinical survey, respiratory function tests, including spirometry and arterial blood gas analy- ses were done before and after administration of a respiratory stimulant. In 23 patients, the tests were carried out before and after intravenous administration of 0.24 Gm. of Aminophylline and in 8 patients before and after inhalation of oxygen for 20 mins. Besides these, Oximeter was calibrated against Vanslykes manometric apparatus and maximum breathing capacity test was carried out in 5l normal subjects. The maximum breathing capacity (M.B C.) in normal subjects was observed to be 116 lit/min/B.TPS (mean value). Statistical analysis showed that the value of M B.C. varies inversely with age and directly to surface area of & subject From this study, it has been found out that the M.B.C. can be predicted in 90 per cent of cases with+20 per cent accuracy from the following formula .. Y=106.85+(30 93 x surface area in sq m )-(1.21 x Age in yrs.) Where Y=predicted M.B.C of a male subject in standing posture. It was observed that emphysema of lungs, either due to chronic bronchitis or bronchial asthma was the main disease which caused pulmonary insufficiency. In some of the patients, emphysema produced congestive cardiac failure. The rest were patients suffering from broncho. pneumonia and tropical eosinophilia (Patients suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis were not included in this study due to practical difficul. ties) Majority of the patients were between 3 and 45 years, the mean age being 41 years. Most of the patients investigated in this series had chronic diseases of lungs, mean duration of illness being 6 years. The symptoms that were present in patients with pulmonary insufficiener were, dyspnoea of various degrees, cough, fever, pain in the chest, pol tation and oedema in dependant parts. 90 per cent of patients investigated gave a past history of some lung disease. Regarding respiratory function tests, it was observed that is nary ventilation was high in patients with mild pulmonary inseparar and it was low in patients with severe pulmonary insufficient. Wazi. mum breathing capacity, as well as the vital capacity, ply diminished in patients suffering from obstructive lesios ir ICET tree. Dyspnoeic index was below 65 per cent in 55 porten i LSKE Air velocity index was less than 1 in obstructive lesione e lined vital capacity was diminished with prolongation Sitios expiration, in a majority of the cases investigated. Arterial blood showed anoxaemia and there is also degrees. Slow intravenous injection of 0.21 G IL Time to in an increase in pulmonary ventilation TLLETI ·65 rhvlilitation as evidenced by increase in M.B.C. and vital capacity. There wa'y is slight increase in vxyrin content and slight diminution of carbustlinside cuintent of arterial blood in most of the cases. This change in vryhen mirarlonilinside content in arterial blood was, however, not montilienlly significant, Oxygen consumption determined in 10 cases nftry tlor injections of aminophylline silued an increase in 4 cases and 1119 ch in the rout. inha lution of oxygen for a mins. showed no effect on ventilatory function leses but fasiiomin was corrected to a great extent in all the (nes, Attariul blend analyses thawed an increase in oxygen content of the arterial bland in all the anses, but in purs cent of cases the arterial OXYP*"saturation did not come up to ilin normal level. In cases of severe ntm*X: lni: [lin rute :f 1987 Consumption was observed to be very sipit fir:t mand will ristlus nitency in Inter stages shen anonicmia was Cuttefodd ko 1913(* extent. fler oxygen inhınlation, the carbondioxide content of trial bloor, was rai:a) in only sugie casc out of cight and this st" tuturetinded with any liminution of pulmonary ventilation.

·59 + 24. Inquiry on the pollination calender for Greater Delhi at the Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Iostitute, Delhi olc Botanical field survey was carried out throughout the year to complete our list of allergenic plants of Delhi and to note their pollination seasons In addition to the list already submitted three more plants namely Ricinus communis, Putranjıra rozburghi and Dodonaea viscosa were found to produce, and shed abundant amount of pollen. Over 100 plants were collected to serve as herbarium and about 175 reference slides were made to facilitate identification of atmospheric pollens Atmospheric pollens were studied and recorded daily over a year from the roofs of (1) Patel Chest Institute (2) Lady Hardınge Medical College and (3) Victoria Zenana Hospital (near Jama Masjid) Tho common types of atmospheric pollens so far indentified are the fol. lowing 11 A. -- (1) Grasses (2) Cyperaceae (3) Chenopodium-Amarantus type (4) Cannabis sativa (5) Prosopis (6) Pinus (7) Xanthium (8) (13) (17) (21) Cruciferae (22) Compositae (23) Leguminosae (24) Dlyrtaceae. During September and October grass pollens' as well as those of the families of Amarantaceae and Chenopodiaceae were predominating. In November and December Ricinus and Xanthium pollens were abundant while from February to April tree pollens attain their maximum concentration. July recorded the minimum pollens on the slides. Different methods were tried for different species to collect pollens in large amounts. About 29 types of pollens were collected and their antigens were extracted. These antigens are regularly being used for our asthma clinic. Those patients also being hyposensitized against ig finding that has emerged out of these studies is that the pollens of plants liké Putranjita roxburghi, Dodongea viscosa and Carica papaya whịch have not so far found a place in allergy literature could be allergenic to man. 1 ·PS. Enquiry on the relative values of colpomicroscopy and vagin cytology in detrction of carly cnycinoma of cervix uteri under D Chinmoy Ghosh at the Calculla National Medical Institul Criculta. Fortis Didy 1.9771n.rpit mber 1.218. *TI** fitome of the fuel rutinued on the tame lines as h tipe stratil its tur putrintis repurt of the soil inding September, 19: During the principateirati WTTT (Iamined. *Ilir intro rovdje) nu fallastreils reingiral ka mitmtina---57 cases. 3. t' vtbicol nilapimrowtopical Examination-345 cases ('. Cilliers, tip mirroucopica nnd biopsy intuitit--33 . I). (*ylolixiral au liiopixga examinatinumca5(-9. The Starronding in the previous puan nre further regrouped ? Crreix clinically bealth-231 cases, fa) Colpromicroscopy (C.JI.) I No: Negative in 172 cases. Cytolky Only openlory done.rogative in-57 cases. C.V. examination could not be done in this ecrics cithe 011 account of failure of patients to report back or due to some teclinical difficulties explained previously. (c) C.. Negatire; Cytologs.l'ositircm cases. In caso smear showed endometrin type of malignant cells in a partmenopausal woman with healthy cervix which prored to be adeno. carcinoma of the endometrium on endometrial biopsy and subsequent operation. The other case proved to be a papilliferous cyst-adenocarcinoma of the right orary rrithout involrement of the endometrium and the tubes. 2. Cervix clinically unhealthy-crosion, excoriation, cervicitis ctc., but did not appear clinically maligant--204 cases. (n) C.M. and Cytology Both negative-188 cases. (b) Cytology atypical and suspicious, C.M. negatirc 11 cases. Biopsy negative. }ion

·61
All these patients showed activc trichomonas infection.
(C) Cytology
Negative
}
2 cases,
C.M.
Suspicious
In one case biopsy of the cervix revealed basal cell hyper-activity.
Total hysterectomy for associated pathology and further study of the
cervix revealed the composite picture of basal cell hyper activity and
preinvasive carcinoma in different area.
The other patient had a normal delivery four months ago and thero
was no trichomonas infection. Biopsy of the servix showed basal cell
activities in some areas. The case is under follow up.
(d) C.M and Cytology Both positive-2 cases.
Biopsy in one case proved early invasive carcinoma. The other
patient did not turn up for biopsy and left touch with the unit*.
(e) Cytology
Both suspicious—1 case.
C.M.
The patient did not turn up for biopsy*
(*) Attempts are being made to contact both the cases.
3. Advanced clinical carcinoma of the cervix, including one with
pregnancy-7 cases
Cytology was positive in-6 cases.
C.2. could not be done due to haemorrhage.
Biopsy-Invasive carcinoma in all cases.

·62 26. Induction of all stone in monkey's under Dr. B.N. Balkrishna Rao nt thic Medical College, Gsvalior. 14.11, nukri (ritir, litirne: i11111 ni pirere from man gall stones) **** inplanerit is there all theirs of money for varying periods, the Bing implantation prind bring 'sfidare. The human gall stone fiicis , s*a! :111 Sailinmiriti verra eropleirls' dissolves in the gall blnd. c. The siti nur bei rutiintestix it thrir rriſinnl weight which shows Il tiring !imiselrin propriety of key lile. This simple dissolving Polyuretan Islam till handler bile is dur tu it: acid pl. Tir Coilussa 1.1. trinn, inngarium and human gall stonc) to Baarit rigtige furmation point to the importance of other factors as th: 1: 11:r****!! I print it that this may be', oni perhaps is, an !?!rint grenin Cister in the production of all staines, 3 it porta il offert :t;-issu bile-liye partial nbstruction of {**$273872"?? ?rlr bort 11.75 +2.tir dure byssilsot triremis being studied.

·63 some 27. Inquiry into the indigenous materials and methods employed by the people of Aodhra Pradesh for the maintenance of health, treatment and prevention of common diseases under Dr. D. V. Subba Reddy History Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad-Dn. Research Assistant-Dr. V. V. S. Sastry. . I Study of printed old books in Telugu and English dealing with herbs and drugs ; notes were taken of herbs and drugs of common use in Andhra Pradesh. 1 1 11 LIST OF BOOKS 1. Watt's Commercial Products of India. 5 . 2. Chemistry and Physiology of Vegetable Drugs by N.L. Allport, 3. Herbal Remedies & Receipes and some others by Quelch 4. Waring's Remarks on the Use of Some Bazar Medicines and Common Medicinal Plants of India. +7 5. Pharmacopoeia of India by Warning, 6. The Ugefül Plants of India by Drury. 7. Dhanvantari Nighantu (Telugu, 8. Vastuguna Prakasa (Telugu), 9. Sıddbamoolika Rahasyam. (Telugu) 10. Vastuguna Deepika, (Telugu) "II. Information gathered from visits and enguiries among local people :- III. Summary of data collected. 1. Achyranthes aspera : Linn.-The paste of the leaves applied externally to stop the bleeding from wounds. The paste of the seeds with rice water internally for bleeding Piles The decoction of the plant with Sal Ammonic for hepatic dropsy. 2. : -----] in ter, ent Igh, phtisis, diphtheria etc. 3. Amarantus Ganjeticus : Linn.—Used as an emollient poultice. 4. Amarantus paniculatus : Linn.-Used 'for purifying the blood. Used in piles and scropula.

·04 5. Amarantus spinosus : Linn.-Root is useful in menorrhagia. Plnnt is uscil is an antidoto for snako poison. Root is also considered a lactogogue. 6. Aristolochia Indica : Linn.-Paste of the root used externally for ulcers and oczoma and in snake bites and in poisonous issect bites. Decoction of tho plant is diuretic and aperient, and is also useful in allergy. Root used in dysentry, fevers and louco. derma, 7. Aristolochia Tagalo :-Uscd in leucoderma and in bowel complaints. 8. Asparagus gonocladus : Baker.-Decoction of the tubers with Tribulus Tcrristris in hacmaturia. Tubers are lactogoguic and aphrodisinc, andare given in gonorrhoca, kidney diseases, rheumntism, and nervous disorders. Juice with cow milk used in epilepsy. 9. Astcracantha Longifolia : NEES.--Leaves of this plant and Tribulus Tcrristris with cow's urine used in stone in the bladder. For slccplessness a decoction of the root of this plant with root of Solanum Nigrum and that of Achyranthus Aspara. 10. Azadirachta Indica : HDR.-Juice of the leaves is used in snake bitc. The pasto of the leaves prepared out of cow's urine is used for skin diseases, lice, skin lesions of small-pox and chicken-pox. Leaves applied over the breasts reduce milk secre. tion. Flowers aro anthelmintic and are also used in leprosy. Fruits are laxative, anthelmintic and used in eye diseases, and urinary diseases. Oil is used in leprosy, asthma, epilepsy and common colds. When taken in, the oil makes the hair darker. Juice of the bark with honey used in vomitings with honey and ginger in jaundico. Gum is used in dysentry and diorrhoea. Toddy that exudes from old trees acts as tonic and is supposed to bo anii-bilious. Kernel of the seeds is fried with oil, ground and mixed with honey and given in severe thirst for woman in puerperium. 11. Barleria Prionitis : Linn.-Juice of the leaves used in fevers with lung affections. Ashes of the plant, in cough and urinary diseases. 12. Calotropis Giganea : R.B.R.--Tender shoots with betol leaves are given in malaria. Paste of the root with vineger applied externally in elephantiasis. Flowers used in cough and asthma. Juice of the leaves is put in the nostrils in snake bite. For pigmentation of the face, the latex mixed with turmeric is applied. 13. Carica Papaya : Linn.-The tender leaves are used with black papper and garlic in jaundice. Unripe fruit is lactogogue and is also used in pheumatoid arthritis. The milky juice is rubbed on the spot for scorpion sting.

·65 14. Centella Asiatica : Urban.—Paste of the leaves used in leprosy. Juice of the leares is used with milk in small-pox and chicken. pox. This plant has often been mistaken for hydrocotyl Asiatica Linn. Powder and juice of the leaves are used for menstrual diseases and syphillis. 15. Clitoria Ternatea : Linn.—The paste of the root with sugar, honey and ghee is used for seven daya in peptic ulcer. 16. Curculigo Orchidides: Goertn-Rhizome is used in sperma torrhoea, sexual weakness, deafness and the same with milk in asthma, leucorrhoea and arthritis. 17. Datura Fastuosa : Linn. The seeds with long papper made into paste with cold water and given in eilephantiasis. 18. Daucus Carota : Linn-Root is said to be aphrodisiac, laxative and vermifuge, and is also useful in diabetis, tuberculosis, anaemia, constipation. Juice of the root with breast milk is put in nostrils in hiccup. Leaves useful in migraine. 19. Eclipta Alba: HASSK.-Decoction of the leaves internally in uterine haemorrhages. 20. Euphorbia Pilulifera: Linn.- Juice of the leaves acts as haemostatic. 21. Ficus Glomerata : Roxb.-Bark is lactogogue and it also reduces sugar in urine. Fruits useful in Diabetis. Paste of the bark with breast milk is used in excessive hunger. 22. Synnema Sylvestra : BENTH.-- Leaves are stated to be good for diabetis, 23. Kolarhena Antidysenterica : Wall--Bark is used in bleeding Piles. 24. Hygrophila Spinosat : ANDERS.-Leaves are useful in jaundice and dropsy. Root is used in rheumatism. The seeds are aphrodisiac. 25. Justicia Gendarussa: Linn, f-Decoction of the leaves is diaphoretic and given internally in cephalalgia. 26. Lgcopersicon Esculentum : Miller. Juice of the used with sugar in severe thirst 27, Momordica CI castor oil taken in diabetis. Leaves with small-pox, F 28. Ophiorrhiza M in scorpion -The ·06 29. Passi flora : Linn.-The flowers are hypnotic. -- IV. Information collected during the visit to Srisailam on the occasion of the search for herbs and exhibition of the collection by the Ayur. vedic physicians. 1.1. Aegle Marmclos : barr.-The tender leaves are diuretic and used in the disease of kidney to reduce swelling of the body. The same tender leaves are supposed to supress hunger. 2. Cressa Cretica: Linn.-The juice of the leaves of this plant is supposed to combine with mercury and make it easily amenable to processes used in alchemy. 3. Coleus Aromaticus: BENTH... It is a vermifuge. 4. Croton Oblongifolius : Ror B. It is used in Vata' diseases and is considered as a talisman to keep the demons and evil spirits way. Gloriosa Superba : Linn.-Root is anthelmintic and used in leprosy, snake bite and scorpion sting. 6. Mimusops Hexandra: Rox B.-The fruits are prepared into a drink which is a stimulant and tonic. Randia Dumetorum : Lamk. Fruit is emetic. 8. Sida Acuta : BURM.-Used in nervous diseases like paralysis and it is also a stomachic. .

·67 28. Effect of tissue therapy in the prevention of blindness due to degenerations and abiotrophies of the retina and choroid under Dr. J. Bose at the R.G. Kar Medical College, Calcutta. When Filatov described his tissue therapy, his main target was "Retinitis Pigmentosa" or "Primary Pigmentary Degeneration of the Retina". As this disease is rather rare, help from other colleagues has been sought in the collection of cases. The number of new cases rose to twenty six as compared to only nine in the previous year. But strangely enough only ono 'secondary case was received this year, compared to eleven in the previous year. Before tissue therapy was started, very careful clinical examination of the eye (including records of visual acuity by aperial Tondalin chart, condition of, refraction, n (o g., W.R., Kahn, Mantoux like perimetry, dark adaptation, scotometry were completed. Fundi were very carefully drawn by an artist with an approximate magnification of 2} times. All these data were carefully recorded in a proforma and reserved for future use and comparison, However, in a small percentage of cases despite all the clinical data, definite diagnosis could not be made Evidence of hereditary trangmission is always a great help in such border line and atypical cases. As a matter of fact such evidence was obtained in 8 out of 35 Retinitis Pigmentosa cases (female-sex linked, dominant and recessive). Tissue therapy is a long continued treatment according to Filatov's procedure but Prof. Amsler has modified this to a very short term one. A few of the difficulties in carrying out tissue therapy in our unit were irregular attendance and discontinuation of visits on the part of the patients (14 out of of a total of 35 primary cases and 5 out of a total of 12 secondary cases have discontinued their visits.) Some young patients were deliberately not given the treatment because of repeated injections and consequent ugly scar formation. In one of them anticoagulant therapy was started. The nuraber of new primary cases treated is 5, and 5 more ste waiting for the treatment. The number of primary cases in the old series who have been receiving this treatment for quite a long period is 5, of whom one completed 4 full courses, one 5 full courses, two I course and one only 3 graftings. None of them have shown any objective improvement. One had a moderate subjective improvement, two had definite subjective (and objective) deterioration, while the remaining two showed no change whatsoever. Among the 11 secondary cases of the previous year, º patients have been treated only with specific treatment, 3 with full.co therapy along with specific treatment and 2 with partial 6.e. either grafting or injection). One of the above i o ourses of tissue therapy, but showed no improvement.

·68 ;Pationts have been irregular. in their attendance due to various reasons, namely (i) necessity of an attendant (ii) long distance betweer his residence and the hospital (iii) economic burden of the repeated visite (iv) accommodation difficulties in Calcutta etc. One of the technical problems that this unit had to face and which could not be solved even after repeated attempts, was the persistently high percentage of protein present in aqueous extracts of placenta used for "above therapy. This necessitated the discarding of the two lots of aqueous extracts prepared at an interval of 2 months. The above two problems associated with the problem of follow up of the patients in the control group considerably hampered the progress of this enquiry. It is now felt that the patients of the control group should be given some treatment for psychological reasons and the duration of tissue therapy reduced to a shorter interval. It is hoped that with these modifications, the above stated difficulties will be surmounted. 1 ·69 29. Inquiry into blood stream cooling as a method of inducing and maintaining hypothermia under Dr A. K. Basu at the S.S K.M. Hospital, Calcutta The effect and usefullness of a number of cardioplegic drugs in producing cardiac arrest in hypothermic and normothermic animals were studied. Altogether 32 experiments have been performed so far. METHOD Adult monkeys weighing between 10 to 15 kg were the test animals. They were anaesthetized with I V. Pentothai 30 mg/kg body weight, and intratracheal incubation was performed. The intratracheal tube was connected to an automatic respirator, ventilating at the rate of 30-40 cycles per minute. Cooling was effected by the immersion technique and also by rubbing ice on the surface. The range of hypo. thermia achieved varied from 29°C. to 30°C. Electrocardiographic setup was attached in most of the animals. Bilateral transternal thoracotomy was performed. The pericardium was extensively opened. The intrapericardial portions of the superior and inferior vena cava were cleared, and the vessels occluded with thick silk thread. After allowing 3 seconds for the heart to empty, the roots of tho outflow vessels, viz. the aorta and the pulmonary, artery, were transverse sinus. The t of the aorta distal In a few cases it was injected into the left ventficle. After the estimated period of arrèst, the outlow clamp was released first, followed by the superior vena cava loop. The inferior vena cava loop was released last. For resuscitative measures manual cardiac massage, injections of atropine in some of the acetyl choline cases, injections of calcium salts and in a few cases coronary infusions of 10 per cent sodium lactate solution were used. MATERIAL : Acetyl Choline Arrest Comments:-Acetyl choline arrest is immediate and occurs within a few seconds of the injection of the drug. In contrast to potassium induced arrest, the myocardium is not completely flaccid. The duration of the arrest period however, is variable, lasting from a few seconds to 2 minutes, the arrest is often incomplete. The duration of the arrest after injection of 300 mg of acetyl during the recovery phase is lern arrest, and the survival rate of the animals is higher. "Injection of atropine quickly reverts this fibrillstery phase. In normothermic animals with acetyl choline, the indicate of fibrillation during the recovery phase is relatively infrequent. Potassium Induced Arrest.

·70 thora para varinble lntent time interval between the injection of the orny and the onset of the arrest phase. The recovery phase from thearrest stage was always associated with n fibrillatory episode much more marked than with acetyl choline. The relen of the inflow occlusion after the arrest period is marked by signilicant intuition of the heart. The durntion of the arrest period varied from 5 minutes ton maximum of 17 minutes. Discussion :- 'rom the surgical point of vicw, potassium induced arrest is novantageous 18 the flaccid heart of long duration would allow botter visualization and facilitatc accurato correction of the intracardiac (lefores. The grent disa liantago is the higher incidence of ventricular fibrillation in the recovery phase in almost all the cascs. For the resuscitation of the heart, cardiac massage, if continued for a long time, rocs rcrert thc abnormal rhythm in many cases. Use of calcium chloride in two cases brought about successful reversion. The offret of sodium Inctate infusion in the coronary system was uncertain, and of the 7 animals subjected to this nothod, died. It has been stated that infusion of oxygenated whole blood in the coronary system rould diminish the incidance and severity of the fibrillatory complication therefore, further experiments are being carried out in this direction. Iypothermia is of great value when induced cardiac nrrest is brought about by potassium salts. Its value in acetyl choline induced arrest is less certain. .- ·71 30. Investigation into the pathogenesis of spinal concussion following injuries of spine under Dr H K Sarkar at the S. S. K. M. Hospital, Calcutta. I. Conditions akin to spinal concussion were produced in 'rabbits in three stages, (i) Weakening of the stability of cervical segment of spine by dividing the intervertebral ligaments between spines and laminae from behind in one space. produced under X-ray ?omplete or partial limbs. (iii) Animals were killed at varying intervals after 2nd stage by intravenous injection of mag. sulph. Spinal cords were dissected out for histopathological study II. Study of the vascular pattern of the spinal cord in rabbits by injection technique. Five experiments were carried out by injection of a dye (1 in 10 root of the aorta experiments and in great vessels were immediately clamped after injection after which the animals died. Tho cervical segments of spine were preserved to study the distribution of the dye in the spinal cord histologically. Experiments are being continued in this line with other dyes and a reproducible method is yet to be developed. III. Study in human cases :- A. Clinical study-Ten cases of cervical spinal injury were studied from different hospitals. They are classified as follows: (1) Complete motor and sensory loss 5 cases. (2) Complete motor loss and sensory escape-3 cases. (3) Incomplete motor and sensory loss--one case. (4) Brown-sequard type of lesion, sensory loss on one side and motor loss on the other side-one case. B. Pathological study-Five specimens of the injured portion of the spine along with the spinal cord, of the above-mentioned patients were collected after post-mortem. The distribution of these cases in the clinical groups mentioned above is as shown below:- ·72 Clinical classificntion (1) ..Two specimens. (2) ..Two specimens. (3).. Nil (1) ..One specimen, Thospinal cords showed the following features, macroscopically. (n) Oelcina with ſusiſorin hulging, maximum at the site of dislocation with extension above and below for about 3 c.m. in 3 casos. (b) Congested blood vessels on surfnco of the piamater in 3 cases.

·13 31.' Hydrocephalus in infents and children-investigation of its etiology and treatment under Dr. R. Nigam at the Medical College, Nagpur. A. Experimental. 1. Production of hydrocephalus by intrathecal injections of - (a) Indian ink.-Twenty three adult albino rats and five dogs were given either a single injection or repeated injections of a 20 per cent suspension of Indian ink. The immediate mortality was 13 per centin the rats and nil in the dogs. Autopsies were carried out either when the animals died naturally or by sacrificing them at varying interpals The maximum period or observation was 35 weeks. The findings were as follows: (i) Hydrocephalic changes were observed in 50 per cent albino rats and 75 per cent dogs. (ii) The interval of time since first injection, was in no way" related to the degree of hydrocephalıc changes observed (iii) The ink was found deposited prominently in the basal cisternae, in the cells of the arachnoid and pia This was mainly perivascular in its distribution The dura and the brain substance were free from ink. In 50 per cent of the rats and all the dogs the meninges were grossly thickened and adherent Ventricular dilatation was most prominent in the anterior horns. The hydrocephalus was of the communicating type, the interventricular foramina being widely patent. Rotrograde filling of the ventricles was observed in a few animals. The choroid plexus was not involved. Histological cxamination revealed Indian ink deposits in the lining meningeal cells, in the cells alo the sulci and the spaces of Virchow-Robin, Atrophy of the cortex and of the basal ganglia was observed along with oedema of the nerve cells. (b) Suspensions of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis were injected into Only 4 per with ventrinise in both ctions. Ono animal exhibited an arachnoidal cyst formation. () Suspension of kaolin was given to 13 albino rats. Immediate mortality was 60 per cent, Hydrocephalic changes wereobserved in only 15 per cent of animals. This substance is not considered suitable for this type of work. 2. To cvaluate the suitability of polythene tubing for shunt operations: (1) Peritoncal cavity-tubing 0.2" diametor was h ono end in tho peritoneal cavity in f.

·94 rabbits over a period of three months. The tubo was found to be filled with serum and a feeble fibrin clot, and water could be run through the tube freely at a pressure of 60 to 80 min.. (2) Ureter---Peolythene tube 0.1" diameter was inserted into the ureters of seven dogs. No evidence of obstruction was observed in any of the animals. B. Clinical Fourteen hydrocephalic children were included in the study. The etiological factor was congenital malformation in a majority' of 'casės. Only in one case, laboratory evidence of tuberculous meningitis was observed. Syphilis was not an etiological factor in any case. The site of obstruction was localised by ventriculography and indigo carmine test. Ten cases were thus investigated. "Ventriculograpby was associated with a mortality of 20 per cent. Four cases were of the communicatiug type and the rest, ventricular type. Ventriculo-peritoneal shunt was performed in nine cases and the results were as follows:- 1. Good result (improved symptoms and) (reduction in size of head) 3 cases. 2. Fair result (improved symptoms with sta-) (tionary head circumference) 3 cases. 3. Failure including operative deaths 3 cases. Three cases have been followed up, the maximum period of follow. up being seven months. In the operative technique, a modification found most suitable was to twist in a spiral form, the peritoneal and ventricular ends of the tube prior to insertion. This procedure fixed the tube in position and prevented-it from slipping out in the post-operative period. .

·75 1 32. Clinical and experimental studies on keloids under Dr. K. K. Ghosh, at the Medical College, Calcutta. Up to the end of September, 1958, 74 cases have been subjected to investigation and treatment by different methods. Only the cases of primary keloids were selected irrespective of sex, age and duration for the purpose of this investigation, Out of the 74 cases, 31 were males and 43 were females. The age incidence was as follows: 1 to 10 years 11-to 20 21' to 30 2 cases. 36 20 13 9 3 JS > 32 to 40 to 50 3) # After filling in the preliminary details according to the proforma submitted last year, the patients were subjected to: (a) Ultra-violet fluroscopic examination for determination of tho nature of blood supply and diffusion of extracellular fluid. (b) Biopsy--for noting the structural detail. Basing on the results of ultra-violet fluroscopic examination, the size of the keloid and its duration, the patients were subjected to different lines of treatment as mentioned below: 1 . Deep x-ray in conjunotion with surgery 52 Cortisone infiltration alone 11 Cortisone infiltration with surgery 10 Surgery only 41 As soon as the course of treatment was completed, the patients were again subjected to ultra-violet fluroscopy and histopathological examination for noting the changes in the tissue brought about as a result of the treatment. The cases are now being followed up with particular reference to regression or recurrance. The details of the treatment. Group I. Consisting of 52 patients were subjected to Preoperative and post-operative x-ray therapy along with various types of surgical treatment. Sub-Group: (a) · In 34 patients, the keloidal area was subjected 11 course of x-ray therapy following which the keloid was removed ·76 and the skin was sutured with least tension using non-irritating suture material c.g, fine silk, nylon and silkworm gut. On completion of wound lcaling (practically in all by primary intention), the operated area Was subjected to a further course of x-ray therapy. In each course 1459 r was administered in 4 days time over a mederate sized keloid. . (1) 'This sub.group consisting of 7 cases were operated after & course of x-ray therapy and the raw area produced as a result of the romoral of thickcloid was covered with a skin graft. "Tollowing healing of the wounds, the grafted as well as the donor area was treated with x-ray therapy post-operatively with the standard dose. (c) This group of 8 patients were operated after pre-operative x-ray therapy over the keloidal area and tho raw area thereby produced was covered with a skin graft--removed from a previously irradiated donor site on the outer aspect of the thigh. Following healing of the wounds, both the areas i.c. the grafted and the donor were again subjected to a course of x-ray therapy using the standard dosage. (d) The last sub-group of 5 patients, after pre-oprative X-ray therapy, the keloid was removed in stages from its central part (serial re-scction). On completion of the remrvel, the area. was subjected to xray therapy. Second Group : Consisting of 11 patient only, were subjected to cortisone infiltration alone in the keloid itself as well as in the peri. koloidal zone. The usual plan of this mode of treatment was weekly or bi-weekly injection of Cortil Acetate (1 c.c. in the kelaid and peri-keloidal zone) icc.-25 mg, up to 10 such infiltrations. Third Grroup : Consisting of 10 patients only, was subjected to local cortisone infiltration following surgical removel of the growth and subsequent suturing of the area. The plan of this mode of treatment is as follows : The keloid was excised, the healthy marginal tissue was snbse. quently infiltrated with undiluved cortison 1 0.c., and then the skin was sutured. Following removel of the stitches on the tenth day, the infiltrations were made at weekly interval. Fourth Group : Consisting of one patient alone was subjected to surgical removal of the keloid and subsequent suturing of the area. OBSERVATIONS : U.V. Fluoroscopic examination was done in 68 cases. The first evidence of fluorescence appeared within 45 sess. of the completion of injection in faint streaks over the keloid and in the peri-keļoidal zono Which gradually became denger, ·77 - This fluoresence which was noticed in the untrea geen to be grossly interfered in most of the cases treated by different methods. In the first group of 52 patients treated with X-ray therapy 48 patients were subjected to this investigation, Out of these 48 patients--only 13 did not show much alteration following treatment with X-ray therapy, and in all these patients recurrence were noticed, though the pre-treatment histological appearances of these cases were no different from those where there were no recurrences. In cases with multiple keloid and in some where the history of trauma was difficult to elicit showed maximum fluorescence in the zones-where the keloids usually occurred, viz, front of the chest, middly portion of the front of the abdomen and the outer and anterior aspect of shoulder joints. The dimunution of fluorescence was maximum in the peri-keloidal zone and least in the keloidal portion in subjects who responded to this method of examination. In cases treated with cortisone the peri-keloidal fluorescence was not much interfered, the kelold, however, was less fluorescent. It appears that the vascularity and the extracellular diffusion in the untreated cases is definitely more than the rest of the skin surface and in susceptible cases subjects, the areas mostly affected by this disease shows more vascularity and diffusion. This diffusion is definitely reduced by X-ray but not much with cortisone infiltration. OBSERVATIONS ON THE LINES OF TREATMENT. In the first sub.group of 34 cases, 8 had slight or full recurrence from within 3 to 10 weeks from completion of treatment, In all these cases where there were no recurrence showed broadening of the scar. This broadening was invariable in cases where the keloid was situated Over the chese (sternum) or shoulder-suggesting the stress and strain to which these regions are usually subjected. The recurrent keloids were subsequently treated by local cortisone infiltration and all the cases havo subsequently become asymptometic but for swelling which has not subsi. ded completely. The Second sub-group. --Consisting of 7 patients where a skin grafting was done and the donor area was irradiated post-operatively. Marginal recurrences were noticed in 4 and keloid formation on tho donor area were noticed in 6 patients, The recurrent keloid in all these Cases were brighly fluorescent. The third sub-group. of 8 patients where in addition to the usual plan of x-ray therapy with surgery--the donor area was treated just like keloidal one with pre and post-operativo irradiation--only 4 showed marginal recurrence in course of five wocks but in nono (ho sonst & : : - - ·78 khibited the slightest ten dency of keloid formation though one bad Tultiple keloid on her, The fourth group of 5 patients—serial resection in the central portion the keloid exhibited interesting phenomena. The union line never lowed any thing beyond a fine incisional scar and keloid forñation" on le incisional line over the keloid were never noticed. The result of ial excision of the keloid cannot be stated at present. Second group of 11 patients-consisting of incisional keloid follow- !g paramedian abdominal incision showed excellent result following filtration with local acting cortisone. Periods and dosage of admini. ation was I c.c.-25 mg. of cortisone in the keloid as well as in the eri-keloidal zone-up to 10 such at weekly interval. In all these pati. its, the keloids subsided completely following the completion of treatent and on an average from 10 to 14 weeks. In two of these keloid ibsided completely following the 3rd injection. 1 In practically all the swelling was asymtometic following the third filtration. The puncture points on the keloids never gave rise to any rm of furher hypertrophy on the keloidal surface. The oldest keloids in lese series was less than 6 weeks old. The third group of ten patients-where Cortisons infiltration was ipplemented with surgery-the results have been most unsatisfactory id there was complete recurrance in 9 cases in less than 4 weeks time spite of weekly cortisone infiltration starting from the time of operaon. Fourth group of 1 patient where ordinary, surgical removal was sorted showed recurrence in two weeks time in spite of healing by priary intention. OBSERVATIONS ON HISTOPATHOLOGSCAL STUDIES. The normal structural pattern-as stated in the previous report shows e following characters. The' covering epidermis resembles the struc: re' of normal skin excepting :- (a) occasional areas of parakeratosis. (b) absence of apparadages in the secondary keloids and their presence in lesser number in the primary ones. (c) The subepidermal layer shows the collagenous connective tissue layer-where there are masses of spindle'shaped-fibroblastic 'cells of various size and thickness, with abundant collagenous matrix, The immediate subepidermal layers shows loosely yo. ven collagenous material. Blood vessels consists of endothelium lined capallaries. Occasional areas of proliferating endo: thelial cells are also seen in this zone, +