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·GENERAL REPORT
HE
ON
- One HAI
PUBLIC INSTRUCTION IN BENGAL
FOR
1887-88.
Calcutta:
PRINTED AT THE BENGAL SECRETARIAT PRESS.
1888.
Price Rs. 2.

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·CONTENTS. 1 PAGT, U. 1 ... 21 25 ... ... 30 ... ... ... ... ... 32 31 35 9 ... ... . il). .. il. ... I.. ... UU. 41 .. ... ... 19 ... .. ... 50 51 .. ... ... ... ... 57 59 6) 62 61 ... ... I.-GENERAL SUMMARY JA.- RECOMMENDATIONS OP TAR EDUCATION COMMI88ION II.-CONTROLLING AGENCIES III.-UNIVERSITY EDUCATION UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS First Examination in Arts B. A. Examination M. A. Premchand Roychand Sträeptship COLLEGE RErorts IV.-SECONDARY EDUCATION H101 ENGLISI SCITOOLS Entrance Examination MIDDLE ENOLISI SCHOOLS Middle English examination M11)DJE VERNACULAR SCHOOLS Middle Vernacular examination V.-PRIMARY EDUCATION Upper primary schools examination Lower schools examination Classificatiou of lower primary schools VI.-SPECIAL INSTRUCTION A.TRAINING SCHOOLS Government training schools Aided training schools for masters for mistronsC8 Tuaided Guru training classes B.-OTHER SCHOOL OF SPECIAL INSTRUCTION Law Medicine Engineering Art and Industry Government School of Art Art Gallery, Calcutta Industrial and Technical schools VII.-FEMALE EDUCATION ... VIII.-EDUCATION OF EUROPEANS IX.-EDUCATION OF MAHOMEDANS X.-EDUCATION OF ABORIGINAL AND BACKWARD RACES XI.-INDIGENOUS EDUCATION XII.-SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION OF TEXT-BOOKS STATISTICAL RETURNS:- GENERAL TABLES, I-VII SUBSIDIARY TABLES, I & II ... ... . ... கே 09 d) .. .. ... 11 il. il. ... OO. 1 ... ... ... ... 3 71 ... ... . ... ... .. ih, il. 75 .. SO ... 88 .. 100) ... 112 130 ... ... ... 120 ... .. .. U. 900 xiy ... IO

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·REPORT ON PUBLIC INSTRUCTION IN BENGAL, 1887-88. I.-GENERAL SUMMARY. THE District Boards formed under the Local Self-Government Act (III. B.C. of 1885) assumed full charge of educational duties during the year under report in regard to middle and primary schools. Their operations will be noticed in the next section of this report. 2. The following statement shows in a summary form tho comparative statistics of educational institutions of all classes submitting returns to the Department for the last two years :- 1886-87. 1887-88. CLABS OP INSTITUTIOX8. Avarao nun. bor of pupils, 1887-88. Schools. Pupils. Schools. Pupils, 1.36 229 ... ... Public Institutions University Collegos Bligh English schools Secondary Middle do. do. Do. vernacular do. SUpper primary Primary Lower do. do. Special (including Madrassas) Female 27 2x0 736 1,157 3,149 45.338 192 2,242 9,215 62,468 52,842 64.478 115,150) 965,239 6,774 46,428 33 299 763 1,189 8.033 45,596 285 2,286 4,494 68,628 56,470 67.022 112,648 991,110 6.626 49,226 ... 56 37 21 28 21 ... ... Total Public Institutions 59,121 1,316,894 69,434, 13,56,224 11 ... 1,723 935 20.750 9,872 1.710 1,300 18,832 12,373 9 Private Institutions (1) Advanced, teaching la) Arabic or Persian (6) Sanskrit (2) Elementary, teaching a vernacular only or mainly (a) With 10 pupils and upwards (0) With less than 10 pupils (8) Teaching the Korun only Other schools not conforming to departmental standards 454 6,492 3,113 675 7.688 22,623 32,773 16 6 12 ... . 2,635 988 9.894 236 2,434 10 ..C Total Private Institutions 4,221 45,508 10,048 ... 96,721 GBAND TOTAL 67,342 1,362,102 63,482 1,452,946 ... ... A comparison of the figures shows a gain of 1,140 schools and 90,843 pupils. Under the head of public institutiins there was an increase of 313 schools and 39,630 pupils, and under private institutions an apparent increase of 5,827 schools and 51,213 pupils. The increase in public institutions and in the pupils attending them is spread over schools of every class, with the exception of upper primary schools. There was also a slight loss of pupils in schools of special instruction. The great increase under the head of private institutions is duo, firstly, to the restoration to the returns of the Department of small unaided indigenous schools containing less than ten pupils each; and secondly, to the inclusion under a separate head of those schools for Mabomedans in which the Koran only is read. This last heading was introduced under the orders of the Government of India. It was anticipated that most of the “advanced Arabio or Persian" schools would turn out to be institutions of this class ; but it is found that the former have suffered but little reduction, while Koran schools ·2 RERORT OF THE DIRECTOR Q&NERAL SUYULARY. have been returned in large numbers. It is probable that many of these last were formerly.excluded as having less than ten pupils. 3. The number of colleges increased by six and their pupils by 1,279. The increase of six colleges is due to the opening of college classes in connection with the Uttarpara School, the Bhagulpore Tejnarayan School, the Bangabasi High English School, and the Roberts Memorial College; while Bishop's College and the Doveton Institution for Young Ladies, which furnished no returns for the preceding ycar, did so for the year under report. High English schools show a gain of 19 schools and 6,160 pupils. The average number of pupils in colleges incroased from 119 to 136, and in high English schools from 223 to 229. Middle English schools increased by 27, middle vernacular schools by 32, and their pupils by 3,628 and 2,544 respectively. Upper primary schools alone show a decrease-of 116 schools and 2,502 pupils. The loss is more apparent than real, being the result of greater strictness in the classification of upper primary schools in Bohar. The increase in the number of lower primary schools and pupils, 258 and 25,871 respectively, is satisfactory after the reductions of the two provious years. Schools of special instruction increased by 43, mainly on account of the increase in the number of guru. training classes attached to middle schools. Girls' schools increased by 44, and their pupils by 2,798. 4. The following figures show the comparative increase and decrease in institutions of all classes, and of their pupils, during the last eight years :- 1881 thoro was a gain of 8,131 schools and 109,469 pupils. 178,156 In 1882 1883 1884 1885 But in 1886 In 1887 Again in 1888 10,572 10,809 1,369 2,384 15,108 191 6,140 ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto, bata gain of litto and 204,447 81,6.17 77,571 112,151 4,073 90,843 a loss of 99 99 > a gain of The steady advance in the total number of schools and pupils recorded year after year since 1877 received a check in 1886. In the subsequent ycar there was a slight loss of schools, but an appreciable increase in the numbor of pupils ; whilo during tho year under review there was a large increase in both, duo in great part, as already explained, to the restoration of many of the schools that disappeared from the roturns in 1886, but also to a large increase in schools of organised instruction. The population of Bengal, excluding Cooch Bchar, Hill Tipperah, and the Tributary States of Chota Nagporo, of which the schools are not included in our returns, amounted by the last census to 68,160,598, of whom 33,917,217 woro malos, and 34,243,381 were females... Reckonied at the usual proportion of 15 por cent., the number of male children of school-going age would be 5,087,582, and the number of fomalo children 5,136,507. Of the scholars in our returns, 1,362,119 are boys and 90,826 are girls. Hence, of all boys of a school-going age, over one in four is at school; of girls, 1 in 56. It has recently, however, been argued that 20 por cont. more nearly represonts the proportion of children of school.going age. As the number of towns and villages in Bengal is close upon 260,000, it appears that there is one school to every four villagos. 6. In the following table the schools are classified according to their management : 1887. 1889 Sobools. Pupils. Bohools. Pupils. 406 29,834 323 25,042 PUBLIO INSTITUTIONS- Under public management- Maintained by the Department Ditto by District and Municipal Boards Undor privato management- Aided by the Department, or by District or Municipal Boards... ... Unaided 89 6,962 209 12,382 1.. 44,965 7,667 1,118,289 162,129 43,962 8,962 1,116,698 203,217 ... ... Total 69,121 1,816,594 63,496 1,856,289 PRIVATE INBTITUTIONS- Of indigenous instruction 4,221 46,508 10,048 98,8658 . GBAND TOTAL 57,849 1,362,102 63.482 1,482,946 ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 3 CENTRAL UMNABY. The transfer of schools from the Department to District Boards went on steadily during the year, as the Boards assumed active charge of their duties. The loss in aided schools is accounted for by the failure of a number of lower primary schools in the Dacca division to earn rewards, and their consequent transfer to the unaided class. The increaso under indigenous instruction has been already explained. 7. The following table compares the departmental expenditure for the year with the budget provision, the figures being supplied by the Accountant-General. They include only those amounts which havo been paid from or into Government treasuries on account of “ Education." For the previous year the sanctioned estimate of expenditure amounted to Rs. 34,20,000. The difference is due to the fact that educational charges to the amount of between nine and ten lakhs were transferred in 1887-88 to District Boards :- BUDGET HRAD OF KITENDITURE. Fanctioned estinute for 1887-88. Actuals for 1887-88. REMARKS. Rs. Rs. ... ... ... ... ... .. ... .. Diroction Inspection Govornment collegos, genoral Ditto ditto, professional Ditto schools, general Ditto ditto, special Grants-in-aid (including primary schools) Scholarships Miscellanoous* Befunds 57,000 3,75,400 4,43,900 1,00,000 5,70.740 1,26,400 6,60,800 1,84.100 80,000 6,000 56,153 9,85,857 4,44,073 1.04,578 5,58.270 1,24,549 5,52,448 2,10,193 28,279 7,453 ... ... * Includes grants for the encouragement of literature. ... . ... ... 24,54,340 6,000 24,21,853 Deduct civil, furlough and absentee allowances ... ...... Total Less receipts including interest 24,49.340 6.28,200 24,21,863 6,76,800 ... Net Government expenditure 19,21,140 17,45,063 ... The net Government expenditure fell short of the estimate by Rs. 1,76,087. The receipts exceeded the estimate by Rs. 1,48,600. This increase is chiefly due to cash recoveries of previous years, amounting to Rs. 1,31,030, and to inci eased fee-receipts under the heads of Government colleges, general and professional, and Government schools, special. The decrease of Rs. 39,543 under “ Inspection” is chiefly due to the transfer to District Boards of the amount originally provided in the departmental estimates for the cost of Sub-Inspectors in several districts; and also to the post of the Assistant Inspector, Rajshahye Division, having been kept in abeyance. The increase of Rs. 4,578 in Government colleges, professional, is accounted for by the fact that anticipated savings to the amount of Rs. 3,782 in the grant to the Engineering College were not realised. The decrease of Rs. 12,470 in Government schools, general, arises from the fact that the sum of Rs. 30,000, sanctioned for expenditure from surplus balances, was not wholly spent. The saving of Rs. 8,352 under grants-in-aid is chiefly due to the fact that an additional allotment of Rs. 16,000, made in the Resolution of the 24th December 1887, could not be spent within tho year. The increase of Rs. 26,093 under the head of scholarships is accounted for partly by the fact that general savings to the amount of Rs. 10,707, anticipated and deducted from the total grant, have not been effected, and partly by the transfer to this bead of scholarships payable from the primary grant. 8. The following table compares the expenditure for the last two years as taken from the departmental returns. The class of instruction and not the budget head of expenditure is here made the basis of classification. The statement includes not only public expenditure, but expenditure froni private sources, such as fees and contributions paid to the University and in A 2 ·4 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR GENERAL all public schools ; it also includes the receipts and charges of medical education, and the charges for school buildings :- BUYXABY. YRAR 1886-87. IBAR 1887-88. HZAD OF CHARGB. Expenditure Expendi- Expandi. from Pro ture from turo from Total vinoial District Municipal expenditure. Revenues. Funds. Punda. Expenditure Irom Provincial Revenues. Rspenditure Expondifrom Din tare from Total triot Funda Munioipal expenditure, Fund. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. ... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ::: Si 2,000 8,000 3,10,000 6,76,000 6,47.000 1,54,000 4,26,000 1,83,000 2,33,000 University Collegiate Secondary Primary Femalo Special Scholarships Buildings Furniture and apparatus Miscollaneous Superintendence 82,000 5,45,000 64,000 | 26,06,000 11,000 23,46,000 8,1100 6,67,000 2,000 5,7 4,000 2,08,000 2,41,000 2,76,000 3,87,000 1,30,000 1,37,000 4,35,000 1,96,000 1,19,000 2,24,000 8,86.000 24,000 1,000 8,000 2,000 89,000 6,21,000 68,000 28,81,000 12,000 24,16,000 7,000 6,94,000 1,000 8.97,000 2,20,000 2,000 1,62,000 ... ...... O. ...... ...... - ..... 6,000 1,38,000 5,53,000 2,000 7.000 1,63.000 6,68,000 4,000 46,000 3,93,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 77.000 2,11,000 2,000 6,000 1,42,000 6,07,000 ... Total 31,24,000 77,000 78,87,000 21,02,000 15,000 9,29,000 ... 80,000 82,76,000 sources. The total educational expenditure in reased by Rs. 3,88,000. The net Government expenditure shows an apparent decrease of Rs. 10,22,000; but this is of courso due chiefly to tho transfer of funds to District Boards to enable them to meet the various educational charges transforred to them under the Local Self-Government Act. The two sources of income must be combined ; and then it appears that, from provincial revenues and district funds jointly, the oducational expenditure decreased from Rs. 31,34,000 to Rs. 30,31,000; from municipal funds it increased from Rs. 77,000 to Rs. 80,000; and from privato contributions it increased from Rs. 46,71,000 to Rs. 51,64,000. The decrease in the Government expenditure is chiefly due to a large reduction in building grants; but a general increase in fee-recoipts, especially in Government colleges, has also contributed to reduco the cost of education from public Further, the Boards did not, in the first year of thir working, spend up to the full amount of even the reduced assignments made to them for education, though much of the reduction is simply due to tho postponement of pay. ments until the following year. Tho percentage of direct Governmont expondi. ture to the total cost of education was thus 25'4, against 39.6 in the previous year. University education shows an increase of expenditure of Rs. 7,000, owing to an increase in the number of candidates for the various examinations. The whole cost of the University is defrayed from the foc-fund. Under the head of collegiate education the total expendituro increased by Rs. 76,000, but there was a docrcase of Rs. 35,000 in the expenditure from proyincial revenues, 80 that the expenditure from private sources increased by Rs. 1,11,000. The increased fee-collections in Government colleges and the transfer of the Berhampore and Midnaporo Colleges to local bodios contributed chiefly to lessen the expenditure from provincial revenues. The large increase in the total expenditure is accounted for by tho increase of six in the number of colleges, and by the fact that most of the unaided colleges, with the exception of La Martinière, have for the first time furnished returns of expenditure. Secondary eclucation shows an increase of Rs. 2,25,000 in the total expenditure, almost entirely due to increased receipts from private sourcos. "The expenditure from provincial revenues and district funds taken together increased by Rs. 13,000, including an increase of Rs. 7,000 in high English schools and of Rs. 10,000 in middle vernacular schools, against a decrease of Rs. 4,000 in middle English schools for Europeans. In primary schools the total expenditure increased by Rs. 70,000; but the expenditure from provincial revenues and district funds taken together decreased by Rs. 39,000, the decrease amounting in the Burdwan, Chittagong, Patna, and Bhagulpore Divisions to Rs. 20,000 Rs. 12,000, Rs. 13,000, and Rs. 2,000 respectively, whilo Rajshahye shows an increase of Rs. 8,000. The ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTIO. 5 ONNIBAL BUNDARY. decrease arises from the fact that the sums transferred to District Boards for expenditure in 1887-88 were based, not on the sanctioned estimate of 1886-87, but on the actuals of 1885-86-a much smaller amount. Female education shows an increase of Rs. 27,000 in the total expend. iture, principally in schools for Europeans. The expenditure from provincial revenues and district funds together also increased by Rs. 7,000, arising mainly in European schools, and to some extent in the Bethune School, and in the Dacca and Patna Divisions; while in the Rajshahye Division there was a decreaso of about Rs. 1,000. The total expenditure in special schools increased by Rs. 23,000, and the expenditure from provincial revenues by Rs. 9,000. Credit was taken for Rs. 4,000, the surplus feo-receipts of the law classes attached to the Dacca and Patna Colleges, which went to reduce the excess expendituro from provincial revenues on special instruction from Rs. 13,000 to Rs. 9,000. This increase chiefly arose in training schools and guru-training classes (Rs. 2,000), in the Government School of Art (Rs. 7,000), in the Engineering College, Seebpore (Rs. 8,000), and in the Calcutta Medical Collego (Iis. 3,000); while there was a decrease of Rs. 8,000 in the medical schools. “Scholarships” show an increase in the public expenditure of Rs. 12,000. There was a decrease of Rs. 1,29,000 under the head of “Buildings and Furniture, the grants to European schools having been largely reduced,"and in that of “Miscellaneous," owing to the transfer of the cost of inspecting pundits from this head to “ Superintendence." Tho cost of superintendenco increased by Rs. 49,000, the expenditure from provincial revenues and district funds being taken together. The increase took place principally in the Burdwan, Dacca, and Bhagulpore Divisions, and was due to the cause just explained. 9. The fee-receipts of institutions under public management (Rs. 5,55,969) show an increase of Rs. 47,336 over those of tho preceding year. There was an incrcase of Rs. 30,223 under general colleges, of Rs. 4,065 under law, of Rs. 1,572 under engineering, of Rs. 5,264 under high schools, of Rs. 4,751 under middle schools, and of Rs. 1,600 under special schools. The receipts of aided colleges show an increase of Rs. 8,087, due to increased attendance. In all classes of public schools under private management receiving grants-in aid, the foo-receipts increased by Rs. 99,793. The amount of their local income from endowments and subscriptions increased by Rs. 6,074. The amount of the Government grant paid from provincial and district funds to all classes of aided schools and colleges fell from Rs. 10,96,400 to Rs. 10,79,700. 10. The following table summarises the statistics of attendance and cost in all classes of public schools for native boys; the schools for Europeans, which are far more expensive iustitutions, being scparately dealt with in a subsequent section of this report: Public Schools for Nalire Boys. AVERAGE YEARLY CORT OF KACH PUPIL, CLASA OB SCHOOLE. Number of schools. Average roll number throughout the year. Average daily attend. Ance. Percentage of attend. ance on roll number, Percentage of Govern. ment cust to total cost, To Government. Total. HIGH ENGLISH SCENOLS— Rs. A. P. Rs. A. P. Undor publio management Maintained by the Department Maintained by District and Muni. cipal Boards 60 290 240 82:7 8 10 1 31 0 3 27.8 ... 6 236 187 792 1 9 2 20 9 9 76 Under privato management Aided by the Department, or by District or Municipal Boards Unaided ... 147 89 166 299 124 242 79:4 80.9 3 0 0 18 3 0 16 6 1 20:1 ... ..... Total High English Schools .. 292 224 181 80.8 ·6 RI PORT OF THE DIRECTOR GENERAL GOMMARY. AVERAG) NABLY COST o 1A: PUPIL. OLAN OF &CBOOLS. Mamber of school Average roll number throughout the year. Arbruge daily attond. Percentago of attend Ance og roll number. Percentage of Govorn. ment cost to total To Govoramont. Total, 'Bour Res. A. P. Bus. A. P. MIDDLE ENGLISH SCBOOLS Under public management- Maintained by the Department Maintained by District and Munici. pal Boards 8 162 123 80.9 7 3 1 16 1 6 13 80 81 762 0 10 5 6 26 Under private management- Aided by the Department, or by District or Municipal Boards Unaided 0 13 9 87 69 ... 533 192 62 60 77.8 79.3 6.9 12 73 7 4 9 O. ... ...... Total Middle English Schools 745 67 62 77.8 ... ...... MIDDLE VERNACULAR SCHOOLS 95 83 61 73.4 9 8 1 9 1 11 38.4 ... 164 49 39 79-6 070 8 12 0 5.2 ... Under publio management Maintained by the Department Maintained by District and Muni. cipal Boards Under private management- Aidod by the Department, or by District or Municipal Boards Unaided 0 16 3 126 892 108 50 55 780 78.3 7 5 9'1 .. ...... Total Middlo Vernacular Sohools ... 1,189 62 40 76.9 ...... ..... ..... UPPER PRIMARY SCHOOLS- Under public management- Maintained by the Department Maintained by Distriot and Municipal Boards 11 34 24 70.5 4 1 0 4 11 4 88.2 16 29 18 62.0 0 1 0 4 0 9 2.8 Undor privato management Aidod by the Department, or by District or Municipal Boards Unaided 2,880 139 84 41 26 26 78.4 63-4 0 6 3 S T 5 2 14 6 11.2 ... ...... ..... Total Upper Primary Schools 3,026 34 26 78.4 ... ...... ...... LOWER PRIMARY SCHOOLA- 10 19 69.2 4 16 3 600 99.0 .. 16 22 12 54-6 9 15 6 0. ..... Under public management- Maintained by the Department Maintained by District and Muni. cipal Boards Under private management Aided by the Department, or by District or Municipal Boards Unaided 87,430 8,140 20 14 16 • 12 80 0 1 9 85.7 2 6 2 1 2 6 ... ...... Total Lower Primary Schools 46,596 19 15 78.9 .... I.UIO The percentage of attendance. in high English schools rose from 80-4 to 80:8; in middle English schools from 65.7 to 77:*; and in middle vernacular schools from 76.4 to 76.9. In upper primary schools the percentage declined from 78.7 to 76:4; the improvement in the schools maintained by the Department and by District and Municipal Boards being more than counterbalanced by the falling off in aided and unaided schools. The percentage of attendance in lower primary schools decreased from 83.3 to 78.9; there being some improvement in schools maintained by District and Municipal Boards and in unaided schools, while departmental and aided schools show a marked falling off.

·OF PUBLIO INSTRUCTION, 7 QEN ERAL BUMMARY. The returns of the average cost of a pupil to Government show a decrease in all classes of schools, with the exception of high English schools aided and maintained by Municipal Boards, and upper primary schools maintained by the Department. 11. The classification of pupils according to their progress in all schools of general instruction is shown in the following table. The high stage includes pupils in the first two classes of high schools; the middle stage includes pupils in the lower classes of these schools and in the higher classes of middle schools, down to the point which marks the limit of primary instruction; the upper primary stage includes the higher section, and the lower primary the lower section of primary schools or classes; these last again being divided into those who are learning to read printed books and those below that stage :- --- LOWEB PRIMARY STAGE. HIGI STAGE. MIDDLE STAGE. UPTER PRIMARY STAGE. TOTAL. Higher section (road. ing printed books). Lower section (not reading printed books). OLAS. OD ROXOOL.. Number of pupils on the rolls on the 31st March 1888. Number of schools. High English 810) 80,898 18,001 107 18,108 20,647 352 20,890 16,148 320 16,468 13,282 261 13,549 508 133 ... 701 08,816 1,173) *150.719 Middle do. 787) 88,480] 61 01 10,192 302 10,584 10,122 ... 401 16,589 25,612 082 26,199 4,502 662 5,06+) 60,389 2,097 .. 68, Do. verpaoular 1,208 68,818 40 11,430 172 11,602 16,342 267 16,809 20,463 982 30,435 8,887 4521 9,330 66,452 1.863 68,316 1 Upper primary 8,317) 122,141 ) 499) 74 $19 20,901 1,362 22,323 62,150 6,918 69,068 20.803 4,033 30,290 104,133 12,088 192,147 Lowar do. ... 47,646 1,026,269 3 9 6 ... 5,800 476) 8,871 677,114 32,086 610,100 376,770 59,617 410,293 ... ... 930,289 00,980 1,026,209 Total 63,160 1,345,104 18,102 104 18,210912,611 902 43,608 75,269 2,879 78,141 707,511 41,829 749,340 410,330, 39,207 485,633 1,259,820 80, 111,344,450 Returns of 174 boys of La Martinièro School buvo not leon furnished. 12. The following compendious summary of the foregoing table coinpares the salient figuros for the last two years :- NUMBER OF PUPILS. STAGR. Incrcane. IXücrensr. 1896-87. 1887-88. Iligh 14,912 ... 18,210 .. .. 3,298 ... Middle 41,382 43,603 .. ... 2,221 ...... Upper primary 76,045 78,144 2,099 717,078 749.340 32,262 ..... Lower primary (higher section) Ditto (lower section) 457,017 465,633 1,384 Total ... 1,306,434* 1,344,9307 89,880 1,384 Not increase 38,496 • Exolusive of 171 pupils whose returns were not furnished. + Ditto 174 ditto ditto ditto. The total number of pupils in secondary schools increased by 12,372, or by 8.7 per cent., while the number in tho high and middle stagos increased by 5,519, or by 9.8 per cent. The differenco in the percontages marks fair progress in secondary instruction. Although upper primary schools show a foss of 2,603 pupils, or 2 per cent., yet the total number of pupils in the upper primary stage increased by 2,099, or by 2.7 per cont. The pupils in the higher section of the lower primary stage increased by 32,262, or 4:4 per cent., whilo those in the lower section decreased by 1,384. This furnishes a satisfactory rocord of progress in primary education. The number of pupils not reading printed books was 456,633, against 457,017 in the previous year.

·8 SUNWARY. GENERAL 13. The number of pupils in all classes of institutions, aided and unaided, is shown in the following table for each Division :- Ix PUBLT INSTITTTIOSS. Is PRIVATE INSTITUTIONI. DIVISION. Colleges. Becondary schools. Primary schools Special s bools, Total, Advanced Teaching the Elementary. Other schools. Total Grand Total, Koran only. 1887. 18. 1887. 1898. 1887. 1897.1 1888. 1997. 1888. 1887. 1988 1887. 1888. 1897. 1833. 1887. 1988. 1887. 1889. 1887. 1888, 1807. . . 3,149 3,982 153 .. 81,792 19.1.01 388 10000 oda... 14 101 5.1.1 WI .14 640 128 865 $ 987 . Calcutta Providenog Rard mo Rajshahro Daora Chittagong Patra Bhagalport Chota Nasport Oriso Tributary Mahals Papil in schools for Baropeans and Larian throughout the four, 15,918 $8,105 $5,901 14,923 $1,108 10,951 15,393 6,292 8,974 4,918 815 6,098 16,898 10,497 37,708 15,806 84,983 11,758 16,739 7,061 4,71 0,183 849 3,858 10,745 131784 211,714 71,877 161,423 119,918 112,225 70,880 4,618 116,433 14,848 799 11,960 158,614 247,827 69,841 172,826 113,123 124252 74,549 48.235 115,519 14,793 888 6:9 1,043 917 882 659 737 635 314 871 1,008 697 335 455 91 70 9%8 247 341 15 15 ... 30,895 192,724 878,822 87.212 193,862 131,605 129,138 77,683 50,948 121,658 16,676 6,391 32.463 293 7 583 197,495 819 998 105 288,830 1,621 2,071 131 1,451 85,815 330 1,523 116 1,882 208,897 14.278 12,318 40 3,2:1 125,555 3,751 2,912 1,909 5,011 141,753 8,881 8,187 2,800 6,781 81,400 695 8,608 52,710 270 17 604 121,118 1,025 1,084 $8 4.378 15,651 76 56 875 8,54 803 123 108 8921, 878 1,150 193 229 8,176 8,899 1,035 448 4X 20,802 8,573 103 19,091 4.40 8511 678 720 6.438 17,084 1,008 1,814 1,897 10,478 16,901 273 1,713 184 2848 6,047 13 $50 20 637 1,185 19 87 43 3 . 2,001 189,013 80,311 81,495 102.70 23,771 2.0 RPORT OF THE DIREOTOR ei 00 78 . 1,003 ". ..be 40 IN IOIN emode Total (a) 4,011 0,890 184,319 198, 494 1,141,286 1,108,410 5,878 6,195 1,318,59% 2,550,289 90,122 $1,1408,409 80,319 82,775 9,804 444 445,608 88,668 1,900,100 1,400,845 (a) Includes pupils of Colleges for Law, Medicine and Engineering. (0) Ditto in girls' schools. The greatest increase is found in the Dacca and There was an increase in the number of pupils in every Division, including Calcutta. Patna Divisions.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 9 GENERAL SUMMAKY. IA.- RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE EDUCATION COMMISSION. 14. Under the orders of the Government of India in the Home Department, dated the 24th October 1885, a separate section of the Annual Report on Education is to be devoted to an account of the measures that have been adopted during the year for carrying out the recommendations of the Education Commission. They are accordingly summarised in the following paragraphs. 16. Indigenous Schools. These are considered in Section XI of the report. Elementary schools of this class, when brought in contact with the Department, gradually in prove their status and are finally absorbed in the depart- - mental system. Indigenous schools of a higher order include Sanskrit tols, and maktabs for teaching Persian and Arabic. The Sanskrit Title Examin. ation is gaining in popularity. A spontaneous movement in Behar resulted in the formation of a Committee, styled the Behar Sunjivani ; its object being to promote the study of Sanskrit by holding an intermediate examination, and thus gradually to bring the standard up to that of the Sanskrit Title Examination. A grant of Rs. 500 a year has been sanctioned by Government in aid of the project. The Dacca Saraswat Sumaj, which is also an independent organisation, having for its object the improvenient of Sanskrit tols by means of examinations and by conferring titles, receives a similar annual subsidy of Rs. 502 from Government. The grant of Rs. 150 hitherto given to the Sanskrit tols of Nuddea has since the close of the year been raised to Rs. 200 a month. During the year under report there were 1,710 Mahomedan maktabs, and 1,300 Sanskrit tols known to the Department, against 1,723 maktabs and 935 tols in 1886-87. There wero also 2,635 Koran schools now separately returned for the first time. 16. Primary Education.--The general control over primary cducation in extra-urban tracts has been vested in the Boards that have been established in 38 districts of Bengal under tho Local Self-Government Act. The great bulk of the primary schools in Bengal havo hitherto been and still are rewarded according to the results of examination, though a marked tendency is now being shown by the Boards to revert more largely to the system of stipends. Additional grants were sanctioned for the special encouragement of primary education among aboriginal races in the Sonthal Pergunnahs and in tho district of Singbhoom; but it has not yet boon found possible to increase to any material extent the total Government assignmont for the improvement of primary education, the anticipations of the Government to that effect in 1884 having so far proved groundless. The recommendation of the Education Commission, that aided primary schools should invariably be inspected in situ, is in practical operation throughout Bengal ; and each aided primary school is now visited at least twice a year-if not by a Sub-Inspector, at any rate by an inspecting pundit or similar subordinate officer, The number of schools is often far too great to enable cach to rereive the visit of a Sub-Inspector even once a year. Whon, for examplo, as in four of the sub-divisions of Orissa districts, a Sub-Inspector has more than 1,000 schools under his so-called supervision, any such attempt must of course be abandoned; and the same may be said, though less strongly, of the Dacca, Chittagong, and Patna Divisions. The connected rocommendation, that examinations be conducted as far as possible in situ, is less easy of attainment, though it is carried out in tho districts of the Prosidency and Chota Nagpore Divisions. It is essential that the reward oxaminations (as distinguished from inspectional examinations) should all be held about the same time, namely in the cold weather; and that condition would generally require the assembling together of schools at fixed centres—a practice which has many obvious advantages, provided it does not supersede the local inspection of schools at intervals during the year. The central examinations throughout Bengal are held partly viva voce, and partly by printed questions, which are the same for all schools of the same class in a district. 17. Secondary Education.-.-The bifurcation of the curriculum in the upper classes of high schools-ono course leading to the University Entrance exam. ination, and the other intended to fit youths for commercial or other nonliterary pursuits has not been generally carried into effect, though some steps B ·10 RKPORT OF THE DIRECTOR GARERAL SUXXARY. have been taken in this directicn. Aftor prolonged discussion, the University of Calcutta has prescribed Huxley's Introductory Science Primer for the Entrance examination as an introduction to Physical Geography, while drawing has been sanctioned as an optional subject, success in which is to be noted on a candidate's certificate. The recommendations of the Commission that public scholarships be open to all schools alike and be tenable at any approved in. stitution have been in force in Bengal for a long time. The recommendation that holders of middle scholarships reading in high schools should not be exempted from payment of the ordinary fees has not been carried out, as it was found upon inquiry that no complaint or objection had ever been raised to the practice by managers of private schools in Bengal. The Commission also recognised the principle of allowing a certain proportion of students, neconimended by poverty and merit, to read free in Government as well as in aided schools; and a beginning in this direction has now been made, though it is at present confined within vory narrow limits. 18. Hostels.The establishment of boarding houses attached to high schools is encouraged by the grant of a capitation allowance to the Superinten. dents from provincial revenues. Hostels have also been opened in connexion with a certain number of privato schools and colleges; and the benefits of these institutions are now very widely recognised. The Eden Hostel building for Hindu students is now complete and ready for occupation, the Government of Bengal having recently supplemented the funds of the Committee by a grant of Rs. 10,000 in addition to the original gift of the site. The public subscriptions amounted to Rs. 58,000. Proposals for increased boarding accommodation for the students of the Calcutta Madrassa have lately been sanctioned by Government. 19. Collegiate Education. The establishment of a private college at Bhagulpore, called the Tej Narayan Jubilee College, and of the aided Victoria College at Narail in the 'Jessore district, was noticed in the last report. The offer made by the late Babu Joykissen Mukerjea of Uttarpara to establish college classes in connexion with the Uttarpara school has been accepted; the management of the school being at the same time made over to a local committee. The Berhampore and Midnapore colleges with their collegiate schools have been made ovor to the Maharani Surnamavi, C.I., and to the Midnapore Municipality respectively, together with the endowments, buildings, furniture, and libraries connoctod therewith. In cach case the interests of the teachers transferred with tho institutions have beon adequately safe-guarded. The Krishnagar Municipality was asked to take ovor the Krishnagar College and collegiate school with a grant-in-aid from Government ; but that body having declinod to accept the charge, the question of transferring tho college to public managoment is now in abeyance. Meanwhile measures have been taken to diminish the cost of the college to Govornmont by opening classes for teaching the A or literature course for the B. A. degree-an arrangement that is likely to attract more students. Tho Chittagong College is maintained at so small a cost that the question of its abolition has been deferrod for the present. The Government expenditure on this college in 1887-88 was Rs. 2,281. 20. Internal Administration of the Department.--Since the date of the Education Commission four conferences have been held-two of officers in the Edu. cation Department, and two of such officers with managers of aided and unaided institutions. The last of theso was held in 1897 to consider several important questions, including the rovision of the grant-in-aid and transfer rules, and the further encouragement of female education. The recommendations made by the Conferenco on these points were accepted with slight modifications by Government, and were carried out during the The transfer rules have been found quite efficacious in checking the practice of roving from school to school, and in giving the teachers full control over their pupils in that respect; indeed, the complaint now is that the rules give the schoolmaster too much power. The recommendations of the Education Commission with regard to the raising of fees in Government high schools were carried into effect from October 1887, when the minimum standard rates recommended by the Conference held at Darjeeling in 1886, and approved by. Government in the Resolution of the 16th July 1887, were enforced. Higher rates of fees are also insisted on whenever proposals ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 11 QENDRAL SUMMARY. are made for increasing the accommodation in zillah schools; the object being to encourage the establishment of schools under private management with lower rates of fees. The majority of the Sub-Inspectors have been placed under District Boards in the 38 distriots of Bengal in which the Local Self-Government Act has come into operation, and the question of an increase in the number of Sub-Inspectors now rests to some extent with those bodies. Any improvement in the branches of revenue transferred to them will remain at their credit; and with the surplus income thus derived the Boards will be able to meet further requirements. The recommendation that native gentlemen of approved merit bo more generally appointed as Inspectors of Schools bas again been acted upon on the occasion of the appointment of Babu Dina Nath Son as Officiating Inspector of Schools, Eastern Circle, during tbe absence of Mr. Pope on furlough. The Central Text-book Committee have at length submitted their list of text-books for middle schools, in those districts the vernacular of which is Bengali. The list is now undergoing examination by the inspecting officers. 21. Special Instruction.—Tho cstablishment of guru-training classos in connection with middle schools has been very successful. The grant of Rs. 6,000, originally sanctioned by Government for carrying out the scheme, having been found inadequate, it has since been increased to Rs. 9,000. The total number of gurus under training in middle schools was returned at 540, against 299 in the preceding year. The C. M. S. Normal School at Krishnagar competed for the first time for vernacular mastership certificates, and three out of six candidates passed the examination. 22. Female Education.—Government has sanctioned the creation of special scholarships, to be awarded to girls in Calcutta and its neighbourhood on the result of examinations to be held under the revised standards drawn up at the last conference of school managers. The levy of fees in girls' schools is not insisted on, and grant-in-aid girls' schools have not been made over to District Boards. More liberal grants are given to training schools for mistresses; and associations for the promotion of female education aro encouraged by means of money-grants from public funds. Grants are also given to the zenana agencies in Calcutta and the suburbs, and in other educational centres. The appointment of two moro Inspectresses of Schools, recommendod by the Conference of 1887, has been postpond on financial grounds. 23. External Relations of the Department. — The revised grant-in-aid rules now in force in the Department embody the most important recommendations of the Education Commission on the subject. Schools in backward places, as well as thuse for aborigines and low castes and for girls, are more favourably dealt with than others. Teachers in non-Government schools are admitted to the vernacular mastership examinations. As many as 57 presented themselves at the examination held in April 1888, and of tlicse 23 passed. The privilege of receiving Mahomedan students on payment of two-thirds of their fees from the Mohsin Fund has been extended to colleges under privato management in Calcutta and the suburbs. 24. Special Classes.-Excoptional facilities for pursuing a University career were given to Mahomedan students by the creation of 20 special junior scholarships of the value of Rs. 7 each, and of an equal number of senior scholarshipsten of Rs. 10 a month cach, and ten of Rs. 7 a month each; all confined to Mahomedans. The latter will be awarded for the first time on the result of the F. A. examination in 1889. Eight junior, five senior, and two graduate scholarships for Mahomedans bavo also been created from the Mohsin Fund. The amalgamation of the college classes of the Calcutta Madrassa with the Presidency, College, which was carried into effect shortly after the close of the year, has also set free funds for the improvement of the hostel attached to the Madrassa, and for the creation of three graduate scholarships of Rs. 20 each for Madrassa students passing the B.A. examination with honours. The proposal to appoint two Mahomedan Assistant Inspectors is still in abeyance. Reference has already been made to the measures taken for the education of Sonthal and Kol pupils. 25. Transfer of Schools to Local Bodies.-Reference has already been made to the transfer to local management of the Berhamporo and Midnapore colleges, and more recently of the Uttarpara school. On the formation of B 2 ·12 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR . ENERAL SUMMARY. District Boards under the Bengal Local Self-Government Act, the control over Government middle and primary schools situated in extra-urban tracts has been transferred to those bodies. Grant-in-aid middle schools for boys, and primary schools lying outside the limits of municipalities and cantonments, have also been placed under them. These bodies have been in active charge of educational duties during the year under report. A year's working of the rules framed under the Act has brought to light certain defects, and revised rules for the guidance of District and Local Boards are under consideration. 26. Finance.--The Government of Bengal accepted the recommendation of the Education Commission that the charges for grants to primary and secondary schools should increase by a fixed proportion from year to year, but the wishes of the Government have beon virtuaily frustrated by financial pressure. The educational grant for Bongal stood at Rs. 33,93,000 in 1884-85. It was reduced to Rs. 33,07,000 in 1885-86. The revised grant for 1886-87 was Rs. 34,20,000, and that for 1857-88 was Rs. 33,90,000, including the assignments made to District Boards, which, as before explained, were calculated on the actuals of 1885-86. CONTROLLING AGENCIAS. 11.-CONTROLLING AGENCIES. 27. From the 7th May to the 19th September 1887 I was absent on deputätion, under the orders of the Government of India, for the purpose of writing a review of the progress of educatior in India since the date of the Educa. tion Commission's report. During that time Mr. C. H. Tawney acted as Director of Public Instruction. Mr. C. B. Clarke, F.R.S., retired from the service in June 1887, on the expiration of his furlough ; and Rai Radhika Prasanna Mukharji Bahadur was confirmed in the office of Inspector of Schools, Presidency Circle. Babu Chandra Mohan Majumdar actod as Inspector of the Presidency Circle from the 5th October to the 19th December 1887, during the absence of Rai Radhika Prasanna Mukharji Bahadur on privilege lcave, and Babu Mati Lal Maitra, Deputy Inspector of Schools, 24-Pergunnahs, officiated as Assistant Inspector. 'Babu Dina Nath Sen,. Assistant Inspector of the Dacca Division, actod as Inspoctor of the Rajshalyo Circle for three months from the 15th November 1887, during the absence of Mr. G. Bellett on privilege leave. Babu Kailas Chandra Sen, Assistant Inspector of the Chittagong Division, acted for Pabu Dina Nath Sen at Dacca, making over charge of his office to Babu Kumad Bandhu Bose, Deputy Inspector of Chittagong. Dr. C. A. Martin held charge of the Eastern Circle from the beginning of the year to the 18th March 1888, when he was transferred to the Behar Circle to relieve' Mr. J. V. Pope, on furlough, Babu Dina Nath Sen being appointed to act as Inspector of the Eastern Circle. On the 5th Decomber 1887, Mr. E. R. Tiery, Assistant Inspector of the Patna Division, was transferred to the head-mastership of the Nawab's Madrassa at Morshedabad, and Mr. J. Reuther of that institution was appointed to succeed him. 28. The following statement shows the amount of inspection work done by the Inspectors of Schools, including the Joint and Assistant Inspectors :- Statement of work done by Inspectors of Schools and their Assistants during the ycar 1887-88. Namo of Oficer. Daya on tour. Bohnolo visited. 87 126 ... . 40 76 82 168 ... Rai Radhika Prasanna Mukharji Bahadur, Inspector of Schools, Presidency Circle* Babu Chandra Mohan Majumdar, Officiating Inspector of Schools, Prosidency Circle, from 6th October to 19th December 1887 Babu Chandra Mohan Majumdar, Assistant Inspector of Schools, Presidency Division Babu Mati Lal Maitra, Oficiating Assistant Inspector of Schools, Presidoncy Division, from 5th October to 19th Decomber 1887 ... Babu Bireswar Chakravarti, Assistant Inspector of Schools, Chota Nagpore Division Babu Brahma Mohan Mallick, Inspector of Schools, Western Circle Babu Beni Madhab Day, Assistant Inspector of Sohools, Burdwan Division 49 72 ... 191 121 206 146 90 90 ... ... • Was on privilego leave from 6th October to 19th December 1887, and Babu Chandra Moban Majumdar opiointed lor bim.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 13 Name of Omoer. Days on tour. 196 Schools visited, 174 CONTROLLING AOBNCIES. 151 262 .00 ... ..... 75 199 .. ... 64 90 107 203 ... ... Baba Radha Nath Rai, Joint-Inspector of Schools, Orissa Division Dr. O. A. Martin, Inspector of Schools, Eastern Circle, from 1st April 1887 to 18th March 1888 Dabu Dina Nath Son, Officiating Inspector of Schools, Eastern Circle, from 19th to 31st March 1888 Babu Dina Nath Sen, Assistant Inspoctor of Schools, Dacca Division, from 1st April to 25th November 1887, and from 6th to 18th March 1888 Babu Kailas Chandra Son, Officiating Assistant Inspector of Schools, Daoca Division, from 26th November 1887 to 4th March 1888 ... Babu Kailas Chandra Son, Assistant Inspector of Schools, Chittagong Division, from 1st April to 19th Novembor 1887 and from 5th to 31st March 1888 Babu Kumud Bandhu Bose, Officiating Assistant Inspector of Schools, Chittagong Division, from 2nd November 1887 to 4th March 1888 Mr. G. Bellett, Inspector of Schools, Rajshahye Circle, from 1st April to 14th November 1887,* and from 18th Fobruary to 31st March 1888 Babu Dina Nath Sen, Officiating Inspoctor of Schools, Rajshahye Circle, from 26th November to 14th February 1887 Mr. John Van Someren Popo, Inspector of Schools, Bohar Circlo Mr. E. R. T. Tiery, Assistant Juspector of Schools, Patna Division, from 1st April to 6th December 18877 Mr. J. Reuther, Assistant Inspeolor of Schools, Patna Division, from 12th Decembor 1887 to 31st March 1888 Babu Mathura Nath Chatterjoo, Assistant Inspoctor of Schools, Bhagulpore Division Mr. A. M. Nash, Inspector of European Schools Mr. H. A. Bamford, Assistant Inspector of European Schools 81 132 ... . ... 112 123 38 203 39 208 65 60 ... 80 73 ... ... .. 1721 175 78 131 .. . • Was on privilege lenve for three months from 15th Novantorog 1887. + Transferred to the monenlaibad Nawab's MadriLaNL. HA hondmyter, vice Mr. J. Reuther. * Exclusive of b'ven duys sprint in thu luspector's Olliw at Bankıporu. The outturn of work is satisfactory, except in the case of Babu Beni Madhab Day, Assistant Inspector of the Burdwan Division, who was on tour for only 90 days in the year, owing to indifferent health. As cxplained in previous reports, the Inspector of thio Presidency Circle has to discharge various duties at head-quarters in addition to tho ordinary work devolving on an Inspector of Schools. The Finance Committee expressed the opinion that inspoction in the higher grades was overdone in Bengal, and recommended that the staff of Inspectors and their Assistants should bo reduced until there was only one superior inspecting officer in each of the nine divisions. Iu accordance with this recommendation, the vacancies caused by tho death of Babu Sarat Chandru Das, Assistant Inspector of Rajshahye, and loy the appointment of Babu Dina Nath Sen to officiate as Inspector of the Eastern Circle, were not filled up. The latter officer refers to the increase of correspondence that has resulted from the creation of District Boards, and expresses the opinion that if tho appointment of an Assistant Inspector for Dacca be withheld, he is likely to be considerably hampored in his duties. Nor is the Inspoctor of the Rajshahye Circle any better satisfied with tho existing arrangement, which seems, all things considered, to be of doubtful value. 29. The following table shows the work done by tho Deputy Inspectors :- Statement of Work done by Deputy Inspectors of Schools during the year 1887-88. DISTRICTA. Days on tour. Numhor of eclio visited. Visits to Herondary schools. Secondary scliools under 11- spection. REMARKS. . 192 2. . .. .. .. Burdwan Divi. nion Bard wan Bankorn Boerbhoom Midnapore Hooghly Howrah 160 103 184 160 201 78 188 409 236 295 843 141 101 110 85 05 160 83 Thoro is an additional Deputy Inspuitor for stocundary Rchools in Burdwan, whone work is not abown in this statement, a. ... 77 84 88 105 61 ... D.. ... e. .. ... ... ... . Average for the Division 137 278 99 80 Calcutta 120 290 .. 17 .. 260 .. 000 179 159 150 176 10 24-Pergunnaba Nuddte Presidency Divi- Jonsoro vion ... | Khoolna i Moor hedabad Average for tho Division 128 126 101 1 26 102 288 230 240 898 . 189 88 78 79 68 . ... ... ... ... 170 287 .. 116 03 2 ·14 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR CONTROLLING AGENCE. DITIOTI. Daga on tour. Nombor of school Hudted. Visite to boondary vahoole. Bocondary sobooth under 1 apuotion, . ... 164 319 408 ... ... ... 100 Dipakopore Rajahahye Rongporo Pubps Bogra Darjeeling (Julpigoroo 88888 Rajshahye Divi- 150 106 880 166 120 17 Tos ... 044 Dion . ... ... Wat on special duty throughout the you Also in charge of the Toral por. tion of the Darjooling distrci. Average for the Division 178 201 108 167 150 ... Dacca Purreedporo Droon Division ...' Mymensingh Brokorgungo ... 160 160 167 189 170 178 ... ... Average for the Diviston 206 110 ... .. Chittagong Divi. sion Chittagong Nonkholly Tipporah 142 164 174 251 848 428 ga 01 178 ... .. ... ... . ... Average for the Division 180 118 85 ... Patna 288 216 20 10 ... .. ... Patima Division .. 8.33 370 982 213 280 PAS 186 .. ... ... Shahabad Barun Chumparan Mozufferporo (Durbhunga ... .. ..C ... 209 181 201 194 ... 16. 48 BO .. Average for the Division 205 208 ... SO * Excluding Aich Baglish wchools which are nnt under tha inapootion of Deputy Inspectors in Buhar. 23 ... ... ... ... Monghyr Bhagulporo Divi. Bhagulpore sion Purnoah Maldah Leunthal Porgunnaha 826 176 216 147 199 855 220 229 151 140 15° 14" 11 RO 53 98 OB ... ... HO Average for the Division 199 217 69 16 .. 24 000 .. Cuttack • Orisss Division ... Pooran Balasore 180 172 164 299 218 206 895 19 ... .. ... ... ... Average for the Division 189 288 27 . 40 en ... ... 19 18 Chota Narpore Division Nazaribagh Lohardura Manbhoom Singsbhoom 184 194 226 169 901 834 828 400 10 ... A Avernge for tbe Division 188 978 19 The prescribed minimum of 150 days to be spent on tour has been attained in the case of all but four officers--the Deputy Inspectors of Calcutta, Howrah, Chittagong and Maldah. The Deputy Inspector of Calcutta has many responsible duties in connexion with the departmental examinations. The cases of the others will be noticed in the next paragraph. 30. In the Burdwan Division the Deputy Inspector of Howrah has a record of ouly 75 days on tour, which he attributes to "uncontrollablo circumstances." He has been called upon to explain what they were. In every other district the limit of 150 days has been surpassed, although the average duration of tour has fallen from 188 to 157 days. Babu Bhuban Mobun Neogi, the Deputy Inspector of Hooghly, continues to head the list for activity, and Baba Hara Mohan Bhuttacharjea of Beerbhoom occupies the second place in this division. The limit of 150 days has been exceeded by four Deputy Inspectors in the Presidency Division, and just reached by the Deputy Inspector of ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 16 CONTROLLING AQRNCIER. Jessore. The average number of days on tour declined from 181 to 170, owing, it is stated, to the additional duties which devolved on Deputy Inspectors upon the introduction of the Local Self-Government Act, and also to the withdrawal of the clerical assistance which they used to receive from the Education clerks of District Committees. As in the preceding year, Babu Phani Bhusan Bose of Moorshedabad was on tour for a longer period than any other officer of the division, and visited the largest number of schools, though he omitted to see two of his secondary schools during the year. In the Rajshahye Division the average duration of tour has declined from 164 to 173 days. Babu Uma Prasad De of Pubna has shown commendable activity, having been on tour for 230 days and having visited 463 schools. Pubna is, however, a district in which it is possible to make journeys by boat all the year round. The small number of schools visited by the Deputy Inspector of Dinagepore is insufficiently explained by the fact that the schools are scattered. In previous years this difficulty has not been felt. The average length of tour of Deputy Inspectors in the Dacca Division has risen from 147 to 185 days; Babu Bidyadhur Das of Furreedpore having spent 227 days on tour, and all the other officers having exceeded the prescribed limit of 150 days. The largest number of visits to secondary schools was made by the Deputy Inspoctor of Mymensingh, and the largest total number of schools was visited by the Deputy Inspector of Backerzunge. In the Chittagong Division the average length of tour increased from 144 days to 160. The limit of 150 days has been exceeded by the Deputy Inspectors of Tipperah and Noakholly, and would have been exceeded by the Deputy Inspector of Chittagong also, had not the district beon without a Deputy Inspector for more than a month during the absence on deputation of Babu Kumad Bandhu Bone. In the Patna Division the average duration of tour has increased from 197 to 208 days, all the officers having exceeded the prescribed minimum of 150 days. Babu Bhagwan Prasad of Patna heads the list this year with 265 days on tour and 333 visits in situ to schools. Babu Sajiwan Lal holds the next place with 242 days and 330 visits to schools.. In the Bhagulpore Division the average number of days on tour declined from 194 to 192. Two of the officers, however, had a record of more than 200 days, while the Deputy Inspector of Maldah fell short of the prescribed minimum by three days. There was a change of officers in this last district, which may probably account for the result, though the present Deputy Inspector, Babu Mobim Chundra Chatterjea, refers to duties connocted with sub-committees of the District Board as having some bearing on the short outturn of work. In Orissa the limit was exceeded by each of the three officers, though Babu Bhagabati Charan Sen did not show sufficient activity on his transfer from Pooree to the more advanced district of Balasore. The Chota Nagpore officers all exceeded the prescribed limit, Babu Krishna Kisor Adhikari, M.A., of Manbhoom, heading the list with 225 days on tour. The largest number of visits to schools is, however, returned from Singbhoom. 81. Thus there is no very clear indication of tho result of recent changes on the work of Deputy Inspectors. They have much new and responsible duty to discharge in advising District Boards, while at the same time they have lost the services of the Education clerks who formerly assisted them in office work. From these causes it was confidently predicted that their inspection work would suffer through their being unduly confined to head-quarters. In the most advanced divisions--Presidency and Burdwan-this has turned out to be the case. But in Eastern Bengal and in Behar no such result has shown itself. It will not be forgotten that while the duties of tbese officers have in one direction increasod, in another they have declinod owing to the transfer of direct educational work to the Board; and it is probable that the balance of these changes operates differently in different districts. There is no doubt, however, that it is a serious drawback to his efficiency that he should be kept at head-quarters doing the work of a clerk; and though the Government has not found itself able to afford the necessary relief, complaints on th are loud and continuous.

·16 RISPORT OF THE DIRECTOR CONTROLLING AOINCITA 32. The following table shows the amount of work done by the Sub-In. spectors of each district taken together, and the average for each division :-- Statement of Work done by Sub-Inspectors of Schools during the year 1887-88. DISTRICTB. Number of Bu Lospootors. Days on tous. Number of nohools visited. Mohools under inspeotion. RBMAURI. ... .. ... Burdwan vion Burdwan Bankurah Divi- Bearbhnom At idnaporo Hooghly Howrah on õuna 1,243 801 090 2,244 918 834 9,292 2,088 1,866 4,949 1,767 458 1,488 1,878 760 4,817 1,812 786 .. ... ... . ... ... ... .. I. ... ... .. Avorage for the Division-28 oficero . 222 486 898 .. 100 ... ... . ... ... ... 1,829 1,308 1,168 900 800 1,871 gub 1,183 1,245 811 (24-Pergunnahs Auddea Presidency Divi. JCHRONO $100 Khoolne (Moorsledabad Average for the Division-28 officers Calcutta ... 3,430 2,608 2,110 1,780 1,748 ... ... ... ... ..... 214 416 219 000 1 171 491 200 . ... *** ... ... ondena a 1,319 024 932 811 340 17. 2,118 907 1,18%) 1,500 050 310 Dinagopore RujHhahyo Rungporu Rajah bye Divi. Publia Bogia Darjeeling Julpigorus Average for the Division-23 officers 797 407 964 600 991 83 NIVII ac . ... .. U. ... ... 4700 8227 • Exclnsion of ono Bub-lospactor on special duty. + Inclusive of the work done hy the Education clerk for two month, ouly. 296 2014 329 147 .. ... 6 . . 1,476 900 1,171 1,240 Dacca Dacca Division Furroodpur Mymensiugh Hackergunko Avorage for the Division-21 oflicers 2.339 1,703 2,28 3,0904 4,248 1,028 2,0044 2,581 ... ... 6 229 440 514 ... ... ... UO. .. BO. . 3 B Chittagong Chittagong Divi. Nonkholly vion Tippern) Ubiitapong Hill Tracta Averago for the Division--12% oflicers (138 011 890 188 838 1,012 1,400 44 1,323 1.813 2,738 19 ++ 1 For six months only. ... 180 286 474 ... ... ... ... 1,651 1.847 1,18:36 ... ... J'atus Division Patna ... Gya Slinhubad ... Narun ... Chumpruni... Mozufferuorey (Durbhunge 810 1,038 877 994 878 849 656 8.982 1,126 999 2,4:8 1,1168 1,200 582 .. . . J. 17 1,328 1,288 ... Average for the Division-25 officors 221 417 459 .. .. I. Monghyr Alakulpore... Blingnipore Divi. Purrieab BION: Maldan Southal Pe-gunnulis Average for tho Division-10 officers ... 682 P07 757 370 1,210 1,392 1,200 1,378 020 1,209 1,317 1,4018 1,(194 838 716 .. .. ... 2017 298 269 . ... ... ... Cuttack Poorna Orissa Division Balasores Orissu Tributary Mehala Average for the Division-15 oficers AUNO 1,105 409 097 1,086 2,838 845 1,91 1,001 4,484 1,712 2,07% 1,255 ... 991 088 . 88 $ Including Education clerk. .. Hazarihakh... Chota Yagore 1.ohar.lukan Division Siuxtlioom Manbhoom 402 8.54 604 629 1,028 1,299 1,280 1,110 878 2977 693 ... ... R. Averago for the Division-13 onicoru 188 888 197 Most of the Sub-Inspectors have been placed under the orders of the District Boards. The only exceptional cases are those of 21 officers (including two education clerks) employed in Calcutta, Chota Nagpore, the Sonthal Pergun. Dahs, and Darjeeling, in which tracts the Bengal Local Self-Government Act has not come into operation, and of 25 other Sub-Inspectors who were retained under the Department for the inspection of non-board schools in certain dis. tricts. Of these last seven are in the Presidency Division, six in Behar, seven in the Eustern, and five in the Western Circle. It will probably be found convenient to place most, if not all, of the Sub-Inspectors under District Boards, in order to secure a fair distribution of work among the whole staff of officers.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 17 CONTROLLING AGENCIAS. 33. The following Sub-Inspectors fell short of the prescribed minimum of 200 days on tour. They number 25 out of a total of 184 officers. Notice is not taken of those cases in which failųre to obtain the minimum is sufficiently explained either by a change of officers or by absence on leave :- DIVIBION. Name of oficer. Board or Departmental. Numbor of days on tur. District. Burdwan 147 (11 months). 9 ... ... ... ... ... ... .. ... .. ..: 183 ... ... .. ... IU IOC ... Mohesh Chandra Chatterjee Departmental (Additional Deputy Inspector). BURDWAN Braja Ballabh Mitra Board Durga Das Ghosh Do. Raj Kumar Bose Do. Hara Mohan Roy Do. Madhu Sudan Sarkar Do. PRESIDENCY Hari Charan Mookerjea Do. Jugendra Nath Banorjea Do. Raj Kumar Chakravarti Do. RAJSHARTE Hari Har Mitra Do. Damodar Prasad Sarkar Dopartmental Sarada Kanta Sen Ditto Dacca Prasanna Kumar Sen Board Farak Ahmed Do. CEITTAGONG Do, Nursing Behari No. Kasim Uddin Do. PATNA Prayag Dutt D.partmental Naga Ram Board ... Sarada Prasad Ghoge Do. Do. BHAGUIPORE Jogeshwar Monkerjea Departmental Annada Prasad Chatterjca Ditto Caora NAQPORE $ital Chandra Chatterjaa Ditto OBISBA Bhagabati Charan Das Buuru ... Ditto 199 ( 9 Midnapore 199 Howrah 104 Bankura 154 (10} Jesgoro 170 Ditto Ditto 187 Julpigori 193 Rungpore 196 Darjeeling Terai 171 Dacca 199 Furreedporo 178 Chittagong 190 Tipperah 169 (11 Shahabad 177 (10) Sarun 197 Mozufferpore 177 Ditto 126 ( 8 Purneal 119 (11 Maldab 161 ( 9 Sonthal Perghs. 161 (105 Ditto 138 ( 9 Manbhoom 198 (11 Cuttack ... ... . ). ). ). . S Radio Kristina Sarkhel .. ). ). ). ). ). .. . .00 .. 195 In some of these cases satisfactory explanations of the short outturn of work have been furnished ; in others the officers have been warned or penalties have been inflicted. It is worth observing that three Board Sub-Inspectors in the single district of Jessore came under unfavourablo comment; and the Inspector complains that the Board took no notice of their laxity even after its attention had been called to it. 34. Tho following officers are specially noticeable for their activity. In every case the Sub-Inspector has either been on tour more than 250 days or has visited in situ more than 600 schools :- DIVIBIOX. Name of officer, Roard or Department. District. Days on Schools lour. visited. .. ... ... BURDWAN Board lo. Do. Do. Do. Do. Burdwan Ditto Midnaporo Ditto Ditto Beerbhoom .. Rasik Lal Dar Lal Mohan Bidyanidhi Sital Prasad Dutt Romanath Ghosh Byama Charun Sen Giris Chandra Som Gopal Chandra Chatterjea Nobin Chandra Kar Aran Ohandra Ganguli 286 248 244 263 223 2019 459 637 816 608 608 447 ... ... ... ... ... PRESIDENOY Do. Departmontal Board ... 24- Pergunnahs Khoulna Moorshedabad .. 280 2ti8 202 473 421) 699 RAJALAIYS Krishna Gopal Chatterjes Do, Julpigori 257 507 ... DAOCA Raj Kumar Das Umes Chandra Das Gupta Kali Kisor Som Do. Do. Do. Dacca Backergunge Ditto 287 283 266 434 627 705 ... IE ... .00 PATNA Sitaram Chandra Bhairab Sabai Chhedi Lal Do. Do. Do. Gya Do. Do. 268 283 276 497 620) 608 .. ... ... ... Do. Bhagulpore ... ... 208 347 BLAGOLPORN Giribardhari Lal CHOTA NAG- Pran Krishna Banerjea POBB | Siv Saukar Lal Departmental Ditto Singbhura Ditto 263 228 657 678 .. ... ... II. ORISSA ... . Board Do. Chandranath Palit Balasore Cuttack 256 200 333 743 ...

·18 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR CONTROLLING AGENCI KN. These officers, I have stated, are specially notiosable for their activity, but it does not follow that activity is in every case synonymous with efficient inspection. When, for example, 815 schools are visited in a tour of 244 days, or still more conspicuously, 743 schools in 200 days, it is impossible to resist the conclusion that the time of these officers would have been better employed if they had given more time to the examination of each school, and had not aimod at rushing through three or four schools in a day. Energy and activity are among the highest merits of an inspecting officer, but it has repeatedly been pointed out that they can be overdone. Thoroughly satisfactory work can be secured without rising to such extravagant figures as those just noticed; and I should be inclined to say that, exceptionally favourable circumstances apart, the most useful work would be done by an officer who was on tour for something like 250 days in the year and inspected something like 500 schools in that time. At the same time it should be remembered that an officer may make a good show of schools inspected, when the number of schools actually visited by him is but small. An instanco may be given from the Bhudruck subdivision of Balasore, where the Sub-Inspector has 945 schools under him. Of these he visited 55 more than once, 100 once, and 753 not at all. As he paid altogether 333 visits to schools, it follows that the 55 schools which he specially favoured received more than four visits each-a distribution which cannot be com. pended, and which, in the interests of tho 753 neglected schools, appears to deserve the careful attention of the District Board. 35. The offect of the 20-mile rulo on the journeys of Sub-Inspectors has been much canvassed; and the rule has been freely condemned both by inspecting officers and by District Boards. Up to the time of the introduction of that rule, the efforts of the Department had been directed against hasty and inefficient inspection. With one school to every three square miles throughout Bengal, it was obvious that if schools were to be visited in succession and carefully inspected, each day's journey must be a short one. The Department had finally succoeded in impressing on inspecting officers the necessity; under ordinary conditions, of visiting only two, or at the outside three, schools in a day, and of limiting their day's journey to 10, 12, or 16 iniles. The 20-mile rulo gave a serious shock to the habits thus formed. It then became the clear interest of each inspecting officer, i ho would avoid loss, to extend his day's journey beyond that limit and so gain the benefit of mileage-rates. Thus in six divisions out of nine there is an increaso both in the number of miles covered and in the number of schools seen ; that is to say, in the words of the Presidency Inspector, the inspection has become “ hurried and careless." In the Presidency Division, indeed, though fewer schools have been visited than in the previous year, more miles have been got over and larger travelling allowances drawn. Again, in the Burdwan Division, though the Sub-Inspectors were on tour for more days in the year, they visited fewer schools in that time. It is to be feared that, as in the previous case, the explanation is that schools were passed by en route, in order that 20 miles might be covered before the day was out. In the Chittagong Division, where again, though travelling bills have increased, there is a reduction both in the number of days on tour and in that of schools visited, a different explanation is givon. The withdrawal of the clerical Assistance formerly affordod to Deputy Inspectors by the Education Clerk of the District Com. mittee, has thrown the burden of clerioal duties not only on the Deputy Inspector, but also on the Sudder Sub-Inspector, whose aid the former invokes. The evil resulting from this arrangement is two-fold : in the first place, it reduces the efficiency of these officers by employing them on the inferior duties of a clerk when they ought to be inspecting'; in the second, it entails additional cost in the shape of increased travelling allowance necessitated by frequent returns to head-quarters. . On these grounds it is urged that it would be an economical measure for Governmont to sanction a clerk on Rs. 20 or Rs. 25 a month for each Deputy Inspector. The saving may possibly be disputed, but there is little doubt as to the increase of efficiency that would result; and on that point all inspecting officers are agreed. It should be thoroughly understood that the orders of Government requiring the Magistrate to give the Deputy Inspector what clerical assistance he needs, are a dead lettor; and this fact has already been brought to the notice of Government.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 19 36. The work done by the chief gurus and inspecting pundits is shown in the following statement:--- CONTROLLING AUENOIRH. DIVIBION. Number of vinte to schools. ... 0. ... ... ... ... ... ... .. .. Presidency Calcutta Burdwan Rajshahye Dacca Chittagong Patna Bhagulpore Chota Nagpore Orissa Orissa Tributary Mchals Number of men employed. 182 2 908 60 6L 46 122 100 14 92 11 one 998 27,416 1,024 79.192 19.027 32,311 22 932 41,981 20,180 4,000 47,268 1,951 ... ... ... ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... ... ... 010 Total 291,277 ... . 37. It will be remembered that a chief guru is a teacher, selected as being a man of influence in his neighbourhood, who has a school of his own to look after, and who visits other schools within easy reach. He is also the medium by which orders and notices aro conveyed from the Department to the schools; and for those services he receives two or three or four rupees a month in addition to his earnings as a teacher. An inspecting pundit has no school of his own; hę is an officer subordinate to the Sub-Inspector, inspects schools over a much . larger area than a chief guru, and receives pay and travelling allowanco amounting to about Rs. 20 a month or more. . In previous reports I have advocated the employment of chief gurus in preference to inspecting pundits, as being cheaper and as likely to prove a more searching and efficient agency of subordinate inspection. At the same time I have contended that a final settlement of the question must be loft to fuller experience. That experience has now been gained, and I am bound to say that the balance of opinion is strongly and incontestably in favour of the system of inspecting pundits, though some doubtful notes are still heard. In the 24-Pergunnahs, out of 75 chief gurus, the number of those that sent up pupils of their own to the upper primary or middle scholarship examinations fell from 41 to 35-an indication that their own schools are being neglected. Chief gurus are no longer omployed in the Moorshedabad district; nur, except in the Ranaghat sub-division, in Nuddea. Of the Burdwan Division the Inspector remarks, after quoting the number of visits paid to schools :-" There is nothing in those figures to show that the chief gurns neglected their own pathsalas by inspecting too many primary schools.” So in Bankoora there are still 100 chief gurus to four inspecting pundits, and in Midnapore 68 chief gurus. But the Deputy Inspectors of Hooghly, Howrah, and Burdwan “condemn the chief gurus as a class as utterly usoless, their inspections having no value and bearing no fruit in that way. Most of them, bowever, admit that these men are very useful in various other ways, such as collection of returns and the like.” In the Rajshahye Division tho Inspector writes :-- The unanimous opinion of Deputy Inspectors is in favour of inspecting pundits as compared with chief gurus. The Deputy Inspector of Rangpur declares the chief gurus to be as a class untrustworthy, and both he and the Deputy Inspector of Bogra give instances of the detection of chief guras in dishonesty: The Deputy Inspector of Dinajpur speaks very strongly of the useful work done by the inspecting pundits in his district, and lays stress on their value in keeping up the interest of the villages in their pathsalas, as well as in starting new ones.... I can only repeat that on this point I am entirely in accord with the Doputy Inspectors. I do not think that any system of payment can be devised which will not be a temptation to a chief guru to scamp his work." The District Boards of Pubna and Rajshahye have also found the chief-guru system a failure, and have replaced it by that of inspecting pundits. In the Dacca and Chittagong Divisions there are no chief gurus, and the work of the inspecting pundits has been found satisfactory. In the Patna Division the chief-guru system first took its rise, and for many years it was warmly supported. The Inspector now writes : “Tho old order of chief gurus has now passed away from every district in tho division excepting only Shahabad ; and the great superiority of the new order of circle pundits, which has replaced it, loaves no room for doubt but that the new system of working, . c2 ·20 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR CONTROLLING AGENOIR. although attended by extra cost, will fally justify itself.” The Assistant Inspector of the Bhagulpore Division writes :-" In Behar money spent on chief gurus is sheer waste;" and he strongly advocates the employment of an adoquate number of circle pundits for purposes of inspection. He would, however, still make use of chief gurus, not for inspection, but for the distribution of returns and the collection of notices. The Joint Inspector of Orissa also declares on the whole in favour of inspecting pundits as an auxiliary agency of inspection. The question is one which will now have to be settled by the District Boards; and so far as can be gathered from the reports, their opinion has already declared itself in the direction indicated above. 38. On the formation of the District Boards under Act III (B.C.) of 1885 the old District Committees of Public Instruction ceased to exist, except in certain non-regulation districts, namely, those of the Chota Nagpore Division, the Sonthal Pergunnahs, Darjooling, the Chittagong Hill Tracts, and the Orissa Tributary Mehals, where the Act has not yet come into operation. Each of the District Committeos of Hazaribagh, Lohardugga, and Singbhoom met twice in the year to consider questions relating to the management of the zillah school and to award lower primary scholarships; and the Manbhoom Committee met five times for the transaction of similar business. In the Sonthal Pergunnahs the Committee revised the rules for the encouragement of primary · education. The Darjeeling Committee takes an active interest in the zillah school, now of the middle class, and is very anxious to see it raised to the status of a high school. The functions of the Committee are discharged in the Chittagong Hill Tracts by the Deputy Commissioner, and in the Orissa Tributary Mehals by the Superintendent. 39. In reference to the working of the District Boards, the information given in the divisional reports is of a somewhat fragmentary character. This was probably unavoidable at the close of the first complete year of their operations, since the Boards did not all come into existence on the same date, nor did all of them at once assume active charge of educational work. The Bengal Local Self-Government Act was introduced on the 1st October 1886 into sixteen districts, namely, the eleven districts of the Presidency and Burdwan Divisions, together with Dacca, Furreedpore, Rajshahye, Pubua, and Patna; though in many of these districts active operations wero postponed until the 1st April following. During the year under report the Act was extended to all the regulation districts of the province and to the non-regulation district of Julpaiguri. In some instancos, however, as for example in Backergunge and Mymensingh, the Boards did not undertake full charge of their educational duties until nearly the close of the year under report. 40. l'he educational duties transferred to District Boards included tho management of Government primary and middle schools, English and vernacular; the control of the grant-in-aid allotment for middle schools under private management; the control of the grant for primary education, together with the conduct of the annual examinations for rewards and the award of primary scholarships. To enable them to carry out the duties thus devolving on them, the services of nearly all the Sub-Inspectors were transferred to the Boards; 21 officers of this class being alone retained, in as many, districts, for the supervision of schools in municipalities and cantonments, which under the Act were excluded from the control of the Boards. The charges for these services were estimated at the amount of the actual experditure two years before ; and expanding sources of revenue, namely pounds and ferries, being at the same time made over, the Governmont added a lump grant, for educational and all other services together, sufficient to balance the account. The amount of this grant is not hereafter to be reduced, but may be increased ; and the Boards will also have the benefit of whatever enhanced revenue their transferred sources of income may bring. The educational demands upon them to be met from any such increase of revenue will be very great for a long time to come. Applications for now grants to middle schools have been very numerous in the last three years, but the Department bas been unable to sauction any of them, in the absence of an increased allotment for grants-in-aid. All these applications have been made over to the Boards, in the hope that, partly by savings in the estimate for sanctioned grants, and partly by increasing revenue under other ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 21 OONTBOLLINO AGENCIES. heads, money may be found to meet these demands. The grant for aiding primary schools has long been admitted to be inadequate; and by more than one District Board indications have been given of a desire to replace rewards after examination by fixed stipends-a much more costly system, involving large additional demands upon the Board's resources. The staff of Sub-Inspectors is admittedly insufficient for its duties, and will have to be increasod as soon as the Board can find the nocessary funds There appears also, as before stated, to be a general tendency to substitute the more costly agency of inspecting pundits for chief gurus. 41. The position and duties of inspecting officers of all classes have been greatly altered by the introduction of the Act. The Inspoctors have been relieved of the duty of passing the salary and travelling bills of Sub-Inspectors, and the establishment and grant-in-aid bills of middle schools under public and private management respectively. On the other hand, the transfor has involved much correspondence on these points with District Boards, who require detailod explanations where formerly a simple order sufficed. Tuis is no doubt a transient phase. A difficulty of a more permanent character lies in the correspondence resulting from tho Inspector's visits to schools under the control of the Buards. Iu formor days whon faults were discovered, the Inspector dealt with the matter directly, enforcing the necossary improvement or inflicting a penalty by an order passed on the spot, llenceforward it will bo necessary to justify in detail to the District Board the circumstances and grounds of his recommendation. The Deputy Inspector remains a dorartmental officer, but with his provious duties very largely modified. He is no longer in administrative charge of all the schools in a district, but only of the few that are retained under the Department. Over schools under the Board he has no direct control, and his functions with regard to them are limited to inspecting and reporting. On the other band, in those districts in which no departmental Sub-inspector has boen reserved, the Deputy Inspector has undivided charge of schools of every class in municipalities and cantonments, in addition to grant in-aid high schools and girls' schools, which are cvorywhere retained under departmontal control. Again, in every district he has lost the services of the Education clerk, who used formerly to do his clorical work; and this, as already explained, is a serious drawback to his efficiency, It is observable that the Deputy Inspector is not always a member of the District Board. Thus in the Presidency Division, the Deputy Inspectors of Nuddea and Jessore alone are cc-officio members of the Board, though proposals were on foot to give a similar position to these officers in the 24-Pergunnahs and Khulna-not, however, in Murshoda. bad. In the Burdwan Division only thrce Deputy Inspectors out of six are members. In the Rajshahye Division some Deputy Inspectors are members ex-officio, and one is an elected member, while in two districts they have no place on the Boards. As Mr. Bellett points out, there is something to be said both for and against the presence of tho Deputy Inspector on the Board. On the one hand, if he is a member, he can give invaluable assistance to the Board, both by way of information and by way of advice, without the delay and inconvenience of correspondence; and as an officer constantly travelling all over the district, he would, it may be supposed, be able to be of service in other matters besides education. On the other hand, there is the danger that by virtue of his superior knowledge he might either have all the Board's educational work thrust upon him to the detriment of his regular duties, or (from a different point of view) be allowed to take command of the whole educational business of the Board, and from that position fight with and defy the Inspector, bis superior officer, to the injury of discipline and the complete subversion of local self-government properly understood. But as the Boards, in their incipient stage, seem to requiro light and leading more than anything else, the balance of advantage would seem to lio on the side of making each Deputy Inspector a member of the Board. If the Doputy Inspector is not a member, he necessarily remains in almost complete ignorance of the working of the Boards and of their dealings with the schools that ho has to inspect; and this is not conducive to his efficiency. The Sub-Inspectors (with the exception of the departmental Sub-Inspector in those districts that possess one) have now become servants of thu Board, ·22 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR CONTROLLING AUENVER." but with their claims to promotion in the graded list carefully safe-guarded. Their duties are much the same as before, except that they have been generally placed in charge of secondary schools, for the supervision of which they are not always fitted, and which were formerly looked after by the Deputy Inspector. Occasional complaints have been made that the Sub-Inspector, as the servant of the Board, is inclined to ignore and oppose the Deputy Inspector, formerly his suporior officer. Difficulties of this kind were anticipated, but I am glad to be able to say that they are of rare occurrence. Only one case has been flagrant enough to roquire official censure ; and in that instance the Sub-Inspector was transferred, with the consent of the Board, to a less desirable district. The fact is that the promotion of a Board Sub Inspector still rosts largely upon the good opinion of the Deputy and the Circle Inspector; and the Sub-Inspector knows better than to offend these officers necdlessly. 42. The oducational work of the Boards is in most districts dealt with in the first instance by educational sub-committees, whose proceedings are after. wards confirmed by the Boards. Another mode of delegation is provided by the appointment of Local Boards, to which District Boards are empowered under the Act to transfer any or all of the duties arising within the Local Board's area, together with adequatc funds for the discharge of such duties. Transfers of this kind wore gradually carried out during the year in many districts. Thus, in tho Presidency Division, educational duties were entrusted to Local Boards from the 1st of April 1087 in Jessore, later in the year in Moorshedabad, and after its close in Nuddea. In the 24-Pergunnahs and Khulna no transfer has yet been made. Similar proposals were sanctioned towards the close of the year for the districts of the Burdwan Division. In the Rajshahye Division, Local Boards appear to have been appointod during the year in the districts of Rajshahye and Pubna only. In the Patna Division, Chumparun is the only district without a Local Board. It is pointed out that Local Boards are necessarily dependent on, and guided by, the local Sub- Inspectors, and that these officers are not always qualified for the virtual control of educational administration, oven in a small area. The duties transforred to the Boards varied widely in different districts, and were often limitod to the control of primary education. 43. As to the general character of the work done by the District and Local Boards, it is too early yet to form any decided opinion. It was natural to suppose that at the outset they would take no very strong or independent line, but simply conform to the traditions and practices of the Department to whone duties they succeeded. It appears, however, that the Boards have not followed a uniform policy in educational matters. The Assistant Inspector of the Bhagulpore Division writes of them :" During the short time they have been at work, there has been not a single instance of any friction between them and the Department; the suggestions and rocommondatiuns of the inspecting officers have been always duly considered and adoptod, and the Inspector of Schools has been often consulted in important matters." Still, some inconvenience has been felt from delay in the despatch of business by the Boards. In the neighbouring division of Patņa a less confidont note is heard. In the districts of Patna and Sarun, there have been no particular changes, and the working of the Board has been natisfactory. Of Gya it is said that "the Board has done nothing in connection with education that would look like its own work." But of Shahabad" it is a fact that the Shahabad District Board has not worked smoothly with the Department." The Inspector condemns the action of the Caumparun Board on one point-" It has most unwisely, in my opinion, amalgamated cattlepounds with pathsalas, and the teachers are charged with the management of these pounds in addition to their own duties." I may remark that the same policy has been followed in the districts of Hooghly and Jessore, and that it has boon strongly recommended for general adoption, on the ground that by thus increasing the emoluments of the poundkeeper-guru, you secure a better class of men for the work of instruction. In Orissa "the working of these bodies has been watched with interest by the District Deputy Inspectors, who have given them all reasonable advice and assistance." But in Balasore considerable friction soems to have been caused by the presence on the Boards of certain members holding positions subordinate to the Deputy and Sub Inspectors, on ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 23 CONTROLLINO AQRXCIES. . . . whose work they are thus enabled to sit in judgment. The difficulty is said to be intensified in Balasore by the rancorous party-spirit which prevails in that district, and which finds such frequent expression in the vernacular papers. The Dacca Inspector remarks that even now there are some indications that the duties of Distriot Boards will have to be modified before long; but he gives no more explicit intimation of his views. The District Board of Chittagong seems to have followed an independent course :--"All praise or blame," writos the Deputy Inspector," for the manner in which it has managed its work is entirely its own, for it has little consulted the Education Department, and has not been much guided by it." Complaints are also made of delay and other shortcomings ; “but," the writer concludes, “the Board has had only a year's trial; it should not be judgod harshly yet; it is hoped that as it gains experience it will manage education as well as the Department, if it works in harmony with it." In Tipperah, too, the Deputy Inspector observes that his opinion is not always asked for, or if asked for, not much regarded by the District Board ; and again there are complaints of delay and also of partiality. Under the rules, the Boards are required to report their proceedings on certain matters and at certain stages to the Inspector, but not to any lowor officer; and the Assistant Inspector remarks that he knows absolutely nothing of what is done by the Boards in the Chittagong Division. The Inspoctor of the Rajshahya Division finds that the District Boards take but a languid interest in educational matters, though he is not yet prepared to express a decided opinion as to the effects of the change. In the Burdwan and Presidency, Divisions there are no complaints of friction; though in the latter, occasional omissions and failure to comply with rules are noticed on the part of the Boards, especially in the matter of keeping the Inspector informed of their proceedings. The officer remarks that the District Boards are still in their infancy; • as they gain experience they will be in a better position to supervise primary.edlucation, though it may be gathered that as to secondary cducation ho is less confident. The District Boards have generally furnished independent reports of their educational work for the year, though in some instances it is observed that they have adopted bodily the report of the Deputy Inspector. 44. So far as it is possible to frame any forecast of the educational policy that the Boards, as a whole, are likely to follow, I cannot say that I have found any grounds for apprehension as to the future, especially in regard to the interests of primary education. In the first In the first year of their operations, it is true that there have been complaints of delay in the payment of stipends, rewards, and less froquently) of grant-in-aid bills. It is also true that in general they have not spent up to the full amount of their assignments, evidently in the fear of exceeding their resources. In une instance a vacant Sub-Inspectorship was not filled up, lost the Board might trench upon its road. coss income. But even so, it is not primary education that has suffered, for the expenditure under that head has generally exceeded the assignment; the savings have been made in other directions. Tho estimates for the current year and for 1889-90 show that the Boards have in most cases provided for increased educational expenditure, presumably from their surplus revenues. Exceptions to this rule are rare. In two instances the Board has curtailed the assignment for primary education on the ground that its income from ferries and pounds has fullen considerably short of the amount estimated at the time of transfer-a dorious difficulty, which has been reprosented to Government by the Commissioner. Another District Board appeared to have reduced its estimato for primary education from Rs. 17,000 to Rs. 13,000; but the reduction was only apparent. The District Board of Rajshahye has declared in favour of fixed stipends in supersession of the results system; and in some other districts tbe allotment for the former method of payment has been raisod at the expense of the latter. This is an open question of policy, on which it may be expected that the Boards will take different views. On the one hand, the desire to give stability to the most deserving and succosaful schools, on the other, the necessity of spreading a limited grant over a large area,-these are the contending principles, each of which will find its advocates. A departmental systein must be uniform ; but I see clear gain in the diversities of policy that will certainly be manifested in the operations of the Boards. According to the existing ·24 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR CONTROLLING AGENOIES. orders, no change in educational policy is to be carried out without the sanction of Government. Such a limitation of the powers of the Boards is in full accordance with the recommendations of the Education Commission, and is clearly necessary in order to secure continuity in educational administration and to reduce the chances of injury from hasty experiments. But I do not read the orders as meaning that in every district one uniform rule shall be followed in matters of school administration; this would be to sacrifice that " freedom and variety of education," which the Government of India, in the Resolution appointing the Commission, regarded as an essential condition in any sound and complete educational system." I believe, for example, that the question of inspecting pundits or chief gurus, to which I have referred at length, may be safely left to the decision of each District Board. Some Boards have already taken steps to increase the number of their Sub-Inspectors; while in one instance a reduction has been proposed in order to save money for expenditure on other heads. Experience alono can show the Boards where economies can be most safely effected, and in what directions they can most usefully expend any surplus funds that may come under their control. Still, though premature criticism is to be deprecated, it will not be unfair to say that the proposal of one District Board to grant Rs. 1,000 towards the construction of a high school building within the head-quarters municipality seems to involve not only a two-fold violation of the rules, but a strange misconception of the purposes for which money was entrusted to it. Other District Boards have also set apart money for the maintenance of schools situated within municipalities, in apparent forgetfulness of the fact that no contribution is made by those bodies to the District Fund. 45. Ono word may be said on the subject of " friction." In the few differences that I have had with District Boards, I have found that on a candid representation of the facts the causes of difference have in every case disappenred. When more serious difficulties have arisen, and some form of arrangement or compromise was desirable, it has been readily accepted. When the When the Boards were, one after another, coming into existence and assuming charge of their duties, I sometimes found it necessary at the outset to trench upon the province of the Boards, and to take action which I had ceased to have the right to take, in order to avoid obstructive delay and to hand over the business of administration as a going concern in working order. In no caso has a Board finally refused to confirm the action taken. On a general review of the causes of friction that have arisen here and there, I should be disposed to say that while Boards are grateful for advice and suggestions when asked for, and even when not asked for if given with an obviously helpful purpose, thoy resent interference with the duties that have been entrusted to them. In saying this I do not wish to utter one word of complaint against any dopartmental officer. It is only natural that officers who have hitherto had the work of education in their own hands, should still take a keeu intorest in its progress, and should seek to avert any lapse from the standard to which they have been accustomed, even though such lapses are inevitable incidents of a change of system. But it is no less necessary for departınental officers to remember that District Boards have rights secured to them under tho Act, and that any attempt to limit those rights in the interests of education will certainly be resisted. It may be assumed that officers of the Department know for the prosent a good deal more about school management than a District Board knows They can best utilise their knowledge in the interests of oducation by adopting towards the Board such an attitude of friendly vigilance as will make it clear that, while always ready to render help when help is desired or is necessary, it is equally their wish that the Board should learn how to do for itself, and to do well, the work which has been entrusted to its bands. I am glad to be able to state that this is the attitude which officers of the Department have almost uniformly taken up.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUOTION. 25 ONIVORSITY BDUCATION III.-UNIVERSITY EDUCATION. 46. The demand for collegiate instruction goes on increasing, and with it the supply. There is an increase of six in the number of colleges, from 27 to 33. Government colleges have fallen from 13 to 11, by the transfer of two to local management; aided colleges have increased from 7 to 8; and unaided colleges from 7 to 13. One municipal college also One municipal college also appears in the returns. Two more second-grade .colleges have been opened in Calcutta--the Bangabasi College, started originally as a high school by Mr. G. C. Bose, M.A., F.0.8., a returned Agricultural Scholar, and the Roberts Memorial College. The former had 53 students at the close of the year; the latter had 3 only. Two more collegiate institutions have been for the first time included in the list, though neither of them is now. The first is Bishop's College in Circular Road, founded in 1820, and affiliated to the University in 1860; the second is the Doveton Institution for Young Ladies, in which college classes were for the first time opened in 1886, after the repeated success of its pupils at the Entrance examination. Outside Calcutta, also, two now colleges have beon opened, teaching like the former to the standard of the First Arts examination. The first is the college department attached to the Uttarpara School, which owes its existence to the liberality of the late Babu Joykissen Mookerjea, for upwards of forty years a constant friend and zoalous supporter of education in his native town of Uttarpara. The Uttarpara Government School in particular owed, and owes, much to his liberality, in the shape of a permanent endowment of Rs. 1,200 a year founded conjointly by him and his late brother in 1846. In 1887 Babu Joykissen Mookerjea requested the Government of Bengal, in view of the general advance of higher education, to sanction the opening of college classes in connexion with the Uttarpara School. He proposed that the school should continue to be a Government institution, but that the attached college department should be under private (namely, his own) management, receiving aid from Government. The form of aid asked for was not any pecuniary contribution, but the right of using the college buildings, library, and servants, and an interchange of services between the teaching staff of the college and the school; in return for which Babu Joykissen Mookerjea undertook to maintain an efficient staff capable of teaching up to the First Arts standard of the Calcutta University, providing for that purpose a furthor permanent endowment yielding Rs. 100 a month, and agreeing to pay in addition whatever monthly sum, over and above the fee-receipts and the income of the endowment, was required to maintain tho college department in efficiency. This proposition was, however, opposed to the declared policy of Government; and was met by the counter-proposal that the Uttarpara School, together with its new college department, should be made ovor to a local board of management, in which Babu Joykissen Mookerjea or his representatives should have a predominant voice. The surplus balance at credit of the school, amounting to Rs. 3,580, wag also to be made over to the board for the joint purposes of the school and college. The offer was accepted; and arrangements for the transfer of the joint institution to the management of a local committee, of which the Collector of Hooghly was to bo ex-officio President, were completed after tho close of the year, though Babu Joykissen Mookerjea did not live to see it.actually qarried out. The college department was opened in June 1887, and had 29 pupils on the 31st March following; the staff of the school being permitted, pending final arrangements, to assist in the work of the college elasses.' The other new institution of this class is the Tej Narayan Jubilee College at Bhagulpore, originally -established in 1883 as a school with an endowment of Rs. 150 a month settled upon it by its proprietor, Rai. Tej Narayan Singh Bahadoor, and raised to the rank of a second-grade college in 1887 in honour of the Jubilee. All these colleges have been opened without any direct aid from Government, though in consequence of the interchange of service above referred to, which must be regarded as having a definite money value, the Uttarpara College Department has been returned as an aided institution. D ·28 RIPORT OF THE DIRUOTOB UNIVERSITY EDUCATION, 47. The following table gives the usual statistics of attendance in colleges, together with the rates of fees: Statement of Attendance in Colloges for General Education NUMBH ON TI DOLLI AT IN R. OB 10 YIR. COLLBORGHBORAL. Monthly fee. 1884. 1889. 1886. Be. . ... ... 100 200 180 143 204 141 149 104 GOVORIMIT First-grade Collogas. Presideney College Flooghly Dacon Krishnagar Patna Ravenshaw Outtaot Bajshahye Bothund school' (Colloge classes) II. PO. 342 180 848 88 178 99 vot 200 ... . .. 774 189 ... . ... ... ... ... 81 BO Second-grade Collagoa. Banskrit College Caloutta Madrassa. Chittagong Dolloge 48 ... 58 20 . 16 84 15 .. ... ... 22 20 ... 39 .. 100 ... Total 1,185 802 604 ... 1,087 1.888 MUNIOIPAL- Midnapore Dollogo *** 000 ... 6 ... 19 ... ... .. 165 272 170 59 804 278 206 64 28 91 289 19A 70 40 208 28A 89 ... ... SU 160 61 10 e. . ... General Asrombly's College, Caloutta Free Church 8t. Xavier's London Mission Bhowanipore Doveton Calcutta St. Paul's School, Darjooling (College classes) Naruil Victoria Calloko... Uttarpara Coli Total 10 ..... ... . ... LO ... ... ...... ..... 713 877 878 ... 798 982 .4 1.0 JO 500 175 BDO 174 . ... ... ... 1. $ ... ve ... 8 S Free. 3 8 Pree. & S 15* 35 66 101 50A 180 4 84 82 07 48 91 URAIDED Metropolitan Institution ... City College La Martinidro Calcutta Albert Bipon Maharaja's Burdwan Japannath Dacca Berhamport Bishop's Calcutta Tej Narayan Jubilee Bhugulpore Bangabasi Roberta Momorial Calcutta Dovoton Institution for Young Ladies (College CLAANOS) Total 890 282 3 58 188 188 229 24 .. ... . 6 111 974 223 445 87 149 148 12 1. ... 000 ... ..... 27 .. 0 ... ... .... 111 D .... 10 10 17 ... .. .... 1.1.1. ... Goosi ...... ... ...... ...... ...doc ... ... OI... ...I ...... 920 $27 1,998 9,107 1,869 $,216 GRAND TOTAL 9,826 2,779 ... 2,998 * Inclusive of board and lodging. The increase in the number of colleges, considerable as it is, falls very far short of the increase in the number of students, which far surpasses the experience of former years. In the five years from 1882 to 1887, the total increase fell short of 500; in the year 1887-88 it exceeded 1,200. This remarkable increase is fully explained by the results of the Entrance examination of 1887, when 2,409 candidates, or 69 per cent. of the number presented, passed the examination, against 913, or 29 per cent., in the previous year. The strength of the colleges varies with the supply of the raw material thus provided. The increase is spread over institutions of all classes_346 in Govern. ment colleges, · 186 in aided, and 748 in unaided institutions. Classified otherwise, the students in Calcutta have increased by 651 (2,182 to 2,838); those outside Calcutta by 628 (1,033 to 1,661). In the town of Dacca alone there is an increase of 173 students—57 in the Government and 116 in the private college. On a comparison with the table for the previous year, it will be seen that the number of Government colleges has decreased by two. These are (1) the Midnapore College, transforred to the local municipality with a grant for the college and school equal to the average Government expenditure for the three preceding yoars; and (2) the Berhampore College, taken over by the local committee and, maintained for five years at the sole cost of the Maharani Sarnamayi, C.I., the provincial finances being thus relieved to the extent of more ·OF PUBLIC INSTRDOTION. 27 UNIVERSITY KDUCATION. than Rs. 12,000 a year for the college department alone. Both the transferred colleges are of the second grade. Of the eight aided colleges nader private management, the first six are of the first grade; the mumber of second grade colleges has increased from one to two by the addition of the Uttarpara College Department. Unaided colleges show an increase of six. But the inclusion of the Berhampore' College under this head means only a transfer of management, while Bishop's College and the college department of the Doveton Young Ladies' Institution have not hitherto furnished returns. The true extent of the increase is shown by the three colleges mentioned in the last paragraph. 48. The unaided Metropolitan Institution of Calcutta, with which the University College (separately mentioned in the last report) has now been amalgamated as a branch establishment, is by far the largest of the colleges, while it also shows the largest increase. The Ripon College in Calcutta, the Raj College at Burdwan, and the Jagannath College at Dacca, are other unaided institutions whose numbers show incrcasing prosperity. Among aided colleges, the General Assembly's Institution is the only one that has made any great advance, it now seems to be returning to the prosperous condition of former years. Of Government institutions outside Calcutta, the Hooghly, the Dacca, and the Rajshahye Colleges share conspicuously in the general advance ;, while the largest increase of all is found in the Patna College, and shows a growing appreciation of the advantages of learning among a backward people, The Presidency College, too, with its high fee of Rs. 12 a month, bas nearly doubled its numbers of two years back; and indeed in July 1888, four months after the close of the year, the number on its rolls exceeded 500, a greater strength than it has ever before known. The demands made by the various courses of the University upon a limited educational staff havo much increased of late years, and if, in accordance with the present policy, tho strength of the Presidency College professoriate be maintained at such a level as to meot all requirements, the foregoing figures show that students will flock to its classrooms in such numbers as to more than ropay the additional cost involved. The Presidency College must maintain its position among the colleges of Bengal as that in which the best and most varied education is given, realising as far as possible the idea of a 'teaching University'. That end must be secured even though, in order to attain it, wo have to weaken the staff of some of the less important Government colleges in the province. Moreover, the rapid up-springing of private colleges throughout Bengal affords a clear proof that collegiate education to a moderate standard no longer demands the sustaining arm of Government as the necessary condition of its existence; and the policy to which I havo advertod will render the gradual transition from Government control to private managemont a natural and easy process of development. 40. In Mr. Tawney's report for 1886-87 it was pointed out that the roll-numbers of the 31st March in each year afford no true indication of the strength of the colleges, since many students -especially those who have failed at the First Arts or B. A. examination of tho previous year, and who are required by the regulations of the University to read in a college for a further term of six months-remove their names in January or February after that requirement has been satisfied. It was shown that the 31st December would be a more critical date. The following statement brings out the difference: Class of Institutions. On 31xt Decom. bor 1857. On 31st March 1888. 14 ... 1 ... Anvernment colleges Arded Unaided ::: 1,576 1.097 2,084 1,388 1,004 2,107 ... Total 4,697 4,494 It thus appears that the decrease is almost entirely confined to Government colleges; that aided institutions suffer but a slight diminution, while unaided institutions show a small increase in their numbers. The reason probably is that Government colleges are much more strict than others in exacting fees from students for every month in which their names are borne on the books. D 2 ·28 RKROET OF THE DIRECTOR UNIVET IDUDATOR. 50. I have thought it umeonRTY to repeat the table shouring for each college the number of students in each year of the college (Dourad, on the 81st March 1888. Summarised, they stand thus First year. Sooond your. Third year. Fourth year, Total. 291 . ... Government oollogos Aidod Unaided 611 408 903 441 101 184 198 819 O ... 878 16 ... .. Total 2,008 1,097 608 696 (a) Excluding 28 students reading for the Sanskrit Title examination in the Banskrit College. The figures are of little practical value, on account of the depletion that takes place in the second and fourth-year classes of Government colleges towards the close of the year, as explained in the last paragraph. 51. The expenditure in Government, aided, and unaided colleges is shown in the following statement. It also shows the average monthly roll number, which is a far better test of the relative strength of the colleges, and is that on which the average annual cost of each student is calculated : Statement of Expenditure in Colleges for General Eduoation. EXPENDITUR IN 1887-88. DOUT PIE ANTUN JOB BACE STUDNT. From Publio Punds. COLLEGEIGBKIRAL. Number of papils on the rolls on the 31st March 1888. Average monthly roll number, Average daily atten. dance. From privata funde. Total. From pablio Tunde, From private ruande, Total. From provincial revonuos. Froun district or municipal fundo. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Ro. 4. P. Re, A. P. Bi. A. P. ... 840 162 271 281 145 246 ... ... ..... 899 168 250 70 270 00 110 61 . ...... 48,840 11,896 18,894 6,648 22,411 4,202 16,402 208 77,322 87,198 21,772 14,086 21,093 18,679 18,479 8,320 ses '11 800 18 3 148 8 278 88 140 7 11 208 0 261 70 Government- Presidency Collage Hooghly Dados Krishnagar Putns Ravanshaw Cuttack Rajohubye. Bothune schoci (College Departmont). Banskrit College Calontia Madrasna Chittagong Collego Total 223 77 %29 O 10 80 6 8 198 71 78 78 227 15 128 149 805 200 1,28,968 48,734 40,166 20,28% 48,303 17,880 29,281 8,878 140 9 71 8 9 87 14 0 74 16 7 o 70 0 8 187 88 60 07 291 80 119 6 ...... 107 ... 60 29 60 24 48 51 21 ...... 1,242 582 1,707 23,282 17,672 4,078 22,040 17,020 2,281 2,44,298 887 5 709 9 9 20 11 98 0 8 888 0 788 8 09 10 ..... 0 1,888 1,451 1,467 1,29,982 8,74,275 188 257 16 1 Municipal Midnapore Dollogo ... 87 480 8,859 3,849 11 6 83 194 703 185 14 1 871 820 4,607 80,507 16 8 9 119 14 8 188 0 .. ..... 998 188 89 196 187 10+ 187 181 80,900 83,480 10,048 SR 14 9 23 3 3 $ 18 ... ..... 100 100 28,790 *0,980 12,046 1,409 880 ...... Aidodon General Assembly's College. Free Church Oollega Bt. Xavier's London Mission College, Bhowanipore. Dovoton College Bt. Paul's School, Dar. Jooling College olana), Naruit Viotoria College Uttarpara College Total 16 6 18 10 14 167 8 180 0 0 90 86 2 2,650 SII... 19 '80 119 2,281 2,840 A01 2,840 .. 10. .. 989 908 778 28,80 1,17,178 1,43,018 100 ... ...... 3.1 20.3. ...... ... 8 ... ... ...... ..... ...I ...... 10 ..... ...... .at Mb Unaidad- Metropolitian Institu- 887 789 503 sion. City Vollago 200 209 196 La Martinière Albert Collare 111 08 Ripon 274 243 319 Mahara College, 223 $18 180 Berdin. Jagannath Oolloge, 919 181 Duace. Borbampore College Bisbop'i Collago 10 10 Tej Narnnn Jabiles 19 College Boagulpora. Bangabuai Collago Roherta Memorial Oollege, Davetna Institution for Young Ladaun (College olawa). Total 2,107 1,880 2,626 GRANY TOTAL 70' 4,494 4,890 3,888 38,029 89.000 18,580 16,880 (Return of expenditure not furnisbad). 2,580 2.000 6,600 6,000 7,041 8,048 8,888 8,408 9,167 2,840 8.810 8,200 8,263 1,088 1,089 1,480 1,280 896 ..... 8,781 Pula 301 .... ... .... ..... * ..... 89,818 1 18 ... 8,761 4,74,874 07,584 6,81,196 1..... 79 8 ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUOTION. 29 UNIVEBOITY EDUCATION. The returns of expenditure in unaided oolleges (with the exception of La Martinière, in which separate accounts for the college department are probably not kept) have for the first time been included. in this table. In former years the principal colleges under private management omitted to furnish returns of their expenditure, for the reason, apparently, that these were matters which concerned themselves alone. I therefore took occasion to explain that it was a matter of public importance to ascertain how much was being spent on the higher education of the people, and I pointed out that the omission of the returns of expenditure in unaided colleges gave rise to an altogether erroneous impression as to the proportionate expenditure by Government and by private persons in promoting cducation of this class. A cordial response was made to the appeal; and I am now enabled to show how far the cost of collegiate instruction in Bengal is borne by Government and by the people respectively. The relative proportion is 44.3 per cent. from provincial funds, against 55-7 per cent. from private sources. The incomplete returns for the previous year practically inverted the proportion, showing nearly 57 per cent. from Government and 43 per cent. from private sources. No contribution is made froin district or municipal funds to any college in Bengal. 52. The most expensive colleges besides the Presidency are those at Hoogbly, Dacca, and Patna, in all of which a full staff of European officers of the superior service is employed. Among these the cost of the Hooghly College is disproportionately high compared with the number of its students; and steps have been taken during the course of the present year to reduce this inequality. In the remaining colleges either the Principal alone bolongs to the superior establishment, or the whole staff is composed of members of the subordinate service; and the cost is consequently much lower. There has been some reduc. tion (from Rs. 3,88,000 to Rs. 3,74,000) in the total cost of Government colleges; but the large increase in the attendance has had the necessary result of increasing the receipts from fees, and of diminishing by Rs. 39,000 (from Rs. 2,83,000 to Rs. 2,44,000) the cost of these institutions to provincial revenues. The decrease is still more conspicuously shown in the average annual cost of each student in Government iustitutions, which has fallen from Rs. 344 to Rs. 258, and tho cost to Government from Rs. 251 to Rs. 168. Thus, in the Presidency College, the Government share of the cost of educating each student fell from Rs. 389 in 1885-86 to Rs. 319 in 1886-87, and has now fallen to Rs. 223. Among Government colleges of the first grade, those at Dacca and Patna show most favourably, the cost to Government of each student being Rs. 80 and Rs. 72 respectively, against Rs. 135 and Rs. 172 of the previous year. In the Patna College the payments from privato sources (i. e. fees) exceed the Government contribution. The same is true of the Rajshahye College, the result being due in this case to the large endowment. In no other Government college is this satisfactory result attained. At the other end of the scale are the college classes attached to the Calcutta Madrassa and to the Bethune Female School, costing Government Rs. 709 and Rs. 665 respectively, for the education of each student. Under un arrangement that has come into force since the close of the year, the college classes in the Madrassa have been closed, and the students permitted to read in the Presidency College without any increase of fees. The cost of each student in the Bethune School college classes is the price which Government pays for the distinction of maintaining the only institution in India in which young ladies are trained to the highest University standards; but still, the actual cost of these classes is very low, and the high rate is due to the paucity of students in them. In pided colleges generally there has been a similar increase in the fon receipts, and a similar decrease in the cost of educating each student. In unaided colleges no comparison with the previous year can be made. Round numbers being taken, it appears that the average total cost of the edooption of each student in a Government, an aided, and an unaided college was tongbly Rs. 280, Rs. 150, and Rs. 50.

·30 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR UNIVERSITY EDUCATION, FIRST EXAMINATION IN ARTH. The following table to the details of the First Arto examination beld in March 1888:- First Arts Bæamination, March 1888. COLLBOBO. Candidatos examined. PASSED 7 TRI Fint Becond division. division. diftstonia Paned. 7 100 11 10 14 80 7 12 ... ... . 81 34 61 17 97 18 31 1 11 1 10 Government Presid ericy College Hooghly Dacca Krishnagar Patna Rarenshaw Rajshahye Bethune School Sanskrit College Calcutta Madrassa Chittagong College ... Cuttack ... ܟܨܣ ܝܢ ܃ ܕ݁ܶܝܢ ܕ݁ܶܝܢ]a #otohanus 24 3 11 1 .. ๒. งดด ... ... 1 11 ... 24 1 ... Total ... 386 17 lel 62 104 104 188 Municipal- Midnapore College 13 1 __ ... 3 ___ 8 Aided 3 2 28 14 General Assembly's College Free Church St. Xavier's Joondon Mission College, Blowanipore Dovoton Narail Victoria St. Paul's School, Darjeeling 89 40 46 29 3 7 40 20 18 9 1 6 29 1 1 3 ... Total 216 7 27 27 63 ... 87 ... 187 69 7 2 19 9 1 ****** 018 | *********** Unaided Metropolitan College City La Martinière loveton Young Ladies' Iustitution Ripon College Albert Bishop's Berhamporc Maharajah's Burdwan Jagannath Ducca 70 26 2 14 1 2 16 *7 ****** | 15 | **********|*|*|*| ... ... .. ::m:: 21 + TO ... 70 42 6 16 77 85 2 2 6 1 2 18 19 28 >> Total ... 660 13 53 126 192 *1*111* Tcacliors 66 11 . 11 10 ... GBAND TOTAL 1,241 38 146 297 481 The result of this examination was much less favourable to candidates than in the two preceding years, when 53 and 50 per cent. respectively passed the test. The proportion of successful candidates fell in March 1888 to 39 per cent., namely, 47 per cent. in Government colleges, 41 per cent. in aided, and 34 per cent. in unaided institutions. Among the larger colleges, the Presidency, Hooghly, Rajshahye, Ravenshaw and Free Church Colleges passed oither half or more than half their candidates. The Hooghly College stands highest, as regards the proportion both of successful candidates and of those passing in tho first division. The single candidate from the Bethune Girls' School was successful. Two other young ladies, both Europeans, passed from the Doveton Institution, out of four candidates sent up. Of all the candidates, no more than 31 per cent." were trained in Govern. ment institutions. By far the highest number, both of candidates and of successful candidates, appeared from the Metropolitan Institution; while the City and Ripon Colleges of Calcutta, the Raj College of Burdwan, and the Jagannath College of Dacca send as many successful competitors to the examination as the Hooghly, the Dacca, and the Patna Colleges.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 31 84. The following table shows the religion of the candidates : - UNIVERSITY EDDOATION. First Arts Examination, Marot 1888. NTYBER PASSED IN THI First division. Arcond division. Third division. Total panked. . ... Nom ber of cand idaten. 1,083 69 37 62 37 Hindas Mahopedans Christians Others 138 0. phone 266 15 13 14 19 19 18 .. Total ... 1,241 98 148 297 481 The noticeable fact is the ill-guccess of the Mahomedan candidates. In the previous year 41 passed out of 74, or 55 per cent. ; the proportion has now fallen to under 28 per cent. 55. Fifty-one senior scholarships were awarded on the results of the examination. Of the two special scholarships reserved for girls, only one was earned. The following table shows the distribution:- Senior Scholarships, 1888. First grado, a month. QOLLIGI. ky. 25 Socond grade, Rs. 20 month. Total. . . .00 2 1 1 3 3 4 6 6 ... Government Presidency College Hooghly Deoca Patna Ravenshaw Cuttack Rajshahyo Bethune School Sanskrit Colloge Chittagong .. ... ... 6 2 22 ... ... .. .. ... 1* 3 1 1 • ... 1 1 .. ... Total 5 23 28 3 ... ... *** 3 Municipal- Midnaporo Collogo Aided General Assembly's Collego Free Church St. Xavier's London Mission Viotoria Narail ... ... 1 1 ... .. 1 1 1 2 1 3 Bhowaniporo . 3 1 . ..C Total 2 8 ... 1 1 ... Unaided- Metropolitan College City Ripon Burdwan Raj Jagannath Berhampore ::: ... ... 2 1 2 2 ... ... Daoca ... Om :: ::. HET 100 IS1001 - 29 AM Total 12 . GRAND TOTAL 61 .. . • Special Scbolarship for girly. The advance of the unaided colleges is very marked. The ten scholarships of the first grade for male students wore awarded, as usual, to the first ten candidates on the list; and of these the Metropolitan Institution secured three, thus for the first time beating the Prosidency Colloge. The 40 scholarships of the second grade are assigned to different districts and divisions; and it will be seen that the Victoria College at Narail, the Burdwan Raj College, and the Daoca Jagannath College held their own in the local competition. In the previous year, out of 50 scholarships, 37 (including eight of the first grade) were gained by Government colleges, six (including two of the first grado) by aided, and seven by unaided institutions. A further proof of the estimation in which colleges under private management are now held is afforded by the large number of scholarship-holders who ·32 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR UNIVERSITY EDUCATION eleot to read in them for the degree. In the premium primar claven senior scholars chose aided or unaided colleges to read in ; ithis year, there were 19. As many, namely, nine in each cane, chose the Metropolitan Institution as the Presidency College. The Science Course is losing popularity, it appears. it appears. Of the 11 sprior scholars elected in 1888, only 21 chose that course for the degree, againat 26. in 1887 and 29 in 1886. The University results for the last few years have produced a belief that the course in Science is harder to pass than that is Arts, and though the most distinguished students have hitherto been consistent in choosing the former, yet it is not surprising that a different tendency should now declare itself, as a result of the discouragement offered by the difference in standard. It will presently be seen that the B. A. examination of 1888 roversed the experience of former years as to the relative difficulty of the two oourses. 56. B. A. EXAMINATION.—The following table shows the résults of the B. A. Examination of 1888:- > B. A. Examination, March 1888. A. OOURIE. B. COUR82. TOTAL. COLLBOBS. Total passed. Candidates Honours, ist dirigion. Honours, and division. Total passed. Pass, 8 88 8 10 6 23 0 23 > 92 21 16 12 1 18 .... 8 6 ..... savers I ... 1 9 18 86 19 12 99 QAQ 11 ...... S 12 Ps 8 ... ..... ♡ Gooarnment Prunidency College Hoxyhly Krishnagar Deixa Patna RavensbAW Hujabahçe Total ... Aided General Assembly's College. Free Churoh College St. Xavier's Loudon Mission Total 180 16 08 78 9 11 23 18 288 17 26 88 111 70 8 8 29 18 8 88 8 . 88 PA .. ... .... ... 000 66 9 10 3 10 1 3 23 19 16 28 7 6 ...... 8 ...... 1 .00 .... ... ... 160 6 7 02 64 2A 8 7 10 188 8 10 60 74 . 1 22 8 7 140 42 78 Unaiderd. Metropolitan College City Ripon Total 11 6 5 49 13 18 85 20 og 10 10 8 168 09 ***/*| ****** ...... 05 80 85 ..... . .... 101 2 74 98 69 10 22 814 88 98 190 ... ex 1 Topcharh Bacholors of Medicine 00 1 18 1 14 1 11 1 71 2 16 2 10 9 1 ...... ..... GRAND TOTAL 049 15 186 245 171 17 82 78 813 24 897 823 course. In this, as i:. the First Arts Examination, the proportion of successful candidates was lower than in the previous year, being 40 against 54 per cent. The Presidency, Dacca, and Krishnagar Colleges passed either half or more than half their candidates. But while 59 percent. passed by the A or literature standard in 1887, against 42 per cent. passing by the B or science standard, in 1888 the proportions were reversed, only 38 per cent. passing in the A course, while 45 per cent. of the B course candidates passed. The explanation is to be found in the smaller number that take up the latter In 1887, out of 687 candidates, 205 chose the B course; in 1888, out of 813 candidates, the number fell to 171. As the B course is choşen only by the best students, the smaller the number of B candidates, the better the quality, and therefore the higher the percentage of thoge likely to pass. 67. The Government colleges maintain their superiority in the examinatiòn, though in no very marked way: the proportion of successful candidates being 47 per cent. for Government, 39 per cent. for aided, and 38 per cent. for unaided colleges. It is in other directions that the special usefulness of Government institutions emerges. In the first place, it is in thema chiefly that scientific learning is fostered, as shown by the relative proportions of candidates appearing for the A and for the B course, from Government and from other institutions respectively. In the second place, the proportion of students that read for honours in the various subjects is much higher in Government colleges than elsewhere. Still it is very satisfactory to find that, ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 83 UNIVERSITY EDUCATION. in both these points, colleges ander private management are steadily advancing. Since 1888 the proportion of honour to pass students has somewhat gone back in Government colleges, while it has considerably increased in those that are privately managed. The meaning is that the better class of students, including particularly scholarship-holders, are beginning to feel greater confidence in the instruction they can obtaia in colleges under private management, and that consequently they do not flock to Governaient institutions H0 persistently as before. Again, while the proportion of B course chapdidates is steadily falling off, it has fallen off less rapidly in private than in Goverrurent institutions. In 1857 the number of A and of B candidates from Government colleges was equal, while in other institutions the number of A' candidates was nearly four times as great as that. of B's. In the following year the proportion of B candidates from Government colleges had fallen to one-half, while the proportion in aided and unaided institutions fell to one-sixth only. Still it will not escape notice that all the 1st division honours in the Science Course were taken by students of Government colleges. In the Literature Course, it will be seen, private colleges held their own. Government colleges include institutions of very different degrees of efficiency. Among them the Presidency College stands easily first; and with it may be compared the General Assembly's and the Metropolitan Institution—the leading colleges in Calcutta under private management, aided and unaided. It is not merely that the percentage of passed candidates froin the Presidency College is higher: it is in the position that the candidates take in the class list that the difference is most clearly seen. Thus, of 48 passed candidates from the Presidency College, 28 passed with honours, 12 of these in the 1st division; and of the 28 honour candidates, 15, including 7 in the 1st division, passed in the Science Courso. From the General Assembly's Institution 36 passed-seven of them with honours, including three in the 1st division; but of these sovon only two in the 2nd division passod in scienco. From the Metropolitan Institution, 65 candidates passed, of whom one candidate took honours in the 1st and 14 in the 2nd division ; but the honour candidates in the B course were three only, who passed in the 2nd division. Altogether 25 students passed from the Presidency College in science, against 7 from the General Assembly's Collego and 10 from the Metropolitan Institution. The results of the M.A. examination are of precisly the same tendency. The inference from these facts is plain. However good may be the work done by private colleges, and however satisfactory the steady advance that they are making, they cannot yet replace the Presidency College in the educational system of the province. The establishment on the ono hand of colleges under private management throughout Bengal, and the development on the other of the railway system, render the maintenance of Government collegos, except in a few special districts, a matter of much less urgent importance now than formerly; but the Presidency Collogo could not bo abandoned without dealing a fatal blow at higher education. On that point all authorities appear to be agreed. 58. The religion of the candidates, that appeared for the B A. examination' of 1888 will be fouud in the following statement: • B. A. Examination, March 1888. RAABRD IN HONOURS IN First division, Second division, Withont honourt. Total passod. A Hindas Mahomadens Ohristians Number of candidates. 740 33 8 32 21 1 66 1 100 211 10 1 16 287 12 ] 23 6 . Total 813 24 .. 62 237 828 In the previous year 14 Mahomedan candidates passed out of 369. The greatest falling off is found among Christian students; in the previous yoar 14 passed out of 16. 59. On the results of the B.A. examination, the following endowed scholarships on the foundation of the Old Hindu College were awarded to the under- B 1 ·34 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR ONTY MRSITY mentioned students of the Presidepoy College to enable them to pead for the degree of M.A.;- EDUCATION. Nato at scholar .00 .. Nonthly Name of sholarsip: soholarship, Rs. Bardwan scholarship Dwarka Nath Tagore scholarship Bird ditto Ryan ditto Hindu Collego Foundation sobolanship Ditto ditto Ditto ditto Ditto ditto SO Ditto ditto Ditto ditto 80 Ditto ditto 80 ... Upendra Lal Mazumdar Hirendra Nath Datt Rakhal Das Chatterji Monindra Nath Bhattacharji Promotha Nath Dutt Mohit Chunder Sen Narandra Kumar Mitra Pramatha Chunder Kor Haran Chundor Banurji Abbas Ali Mohini Moban Roy .. 88888688888 ... y ... ... ... ... ... The Laha graduate scholarship of Rs. 40 a month was awarded to Rakhal Mohan Banerjea of the Presidency Colloge. Graduate scholarships of Rs. 25 a month, payable from the Mohsin Endowment Fund, wero awarded to Syed Ahmed Ali of the Patna College and to Ahmadullah of the Presidency College, to enable them to read for the M.A. degree. 60. M. A. ExaminATION.—The following table shows the result of the M.A. examination held in November 1887 : M. 4. Examination, N yvember 1887. Candidates examined. Oandidatos pratod. 20 ... ... COLLECBA. Government- Presidenoy College Hooghly Dapoa Patna Sanskrit ... 29 6 7 1 ... ... ... . d. Total 48 27 • ... Aidod General Assembly's Colloge Free Church College London Missionary Society's Collogo, Bhowanipore 7 10 1 ... ... Total 18 10 ... Unaided- Metropolitan Institution City College ... O. 8 2 .. II. .00 Total 10 1 II w low as Teachers 8 .. GRAND TOTAL 82 In tho previous yoar 83 candidates appeared and 63 passed ; namely, 40 from Government colleges out of 49, 13 from aided colleges out of 19, and 6 from unaided colleges out of 10, besides 4 teachers. The results therefore show a certain falling off by comparison with those of the previous year. There is a reason for this, connected with the introduction of the new system of examinations in 1885, into which, howevor, it is not necessary to enter. On the literary side of the examination, 9 candidates passed in English, 13 in philosophy, and 3 in Sanskrit, or 25 in all. A smaller number elected the scientific branches ; 10 passing in physical science (8 from the Presidency and 2 from the Dacca College), while 5 obtained the M.A. degree in mathematics, of whom four pasaud from the Presidency College and one from the Metropolitan Institution. Altogether, from the Presidency College 8 candidates passed in physics, 4 in mathematics, and 8 in English or philosophy. Of the 43 successful candidates from all colleges, only one was a Mahomedan, why headed the list of successful students from the Presidency College. There were altogether four Mahomedan candidates. Of those who passed in the first division, eight were students of the Presidenoy College, and passed in the following subjects -two in philosophy, one in mathematics, and five in physics. The Daoca College furnished two in ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 35 UNIVERSITY BDUCATION, the first division, one in English and one in physical science; the Sanskrit College passed one in Sanskrit; and the City College one in history. It will be seen that all the candidates from the Hooghly College failed; the explanation being that there was no M.A. class in the college in any subjeot throughout the year. They are entered as sent up from the Hooghly College because that was the college from which they took the B.A. degree. 61. PREMCHAND ROYCHAND STUDENTSHIP.-The examination for 1887 was held in literary subjects. Two candidates competed, but neither showed that degree of proficiency which could warrant the award of so valuable a prize. The Syndicate therefore decided not to award the studentship. 62. COLLEGE REPORTS.-The following points of interest are taken from the reports of the different colleges :- Presidency College.--Mr. Tawney, the Principal, acted as Director of Public Instruction from May to September 1887, and afterwards went on privilege leave for three months. During this period, from the 8th May to the 23rd December, Mr. Pedler, Professor of Chemistry, officiated as Principal. Mr. Eliot, Professor of Physics, having been appointed to act as Meteorological Reporter to the Government of India, gave over charge of his duties to Mr. A. Macdonell on the 30th April 1887. Subsequently Mr. Macdonell took leave on medical certificate, and Mr. Booth, Principal of the Dacca Collego, was appointed Professor of Physics in his place. Until he was able to join, Mr. J. C. Bose, Junior Professor of Physics, took charge of the senior classes; and Babu Kumudini Kanta Banerjea, M.A., was placed in temporary charge of Mr. Bose's work. Mr. Webb, Professor of English Literature, returned from furlough and resumed charge of his duties on the 1st April 1887. Mr. Mann, late Principal of the Krishnagar College, returned from furlough in March 1888, and was posted to the Presidency College. The year was remarkable for the very large increase in the number of students of this College, which advanced from 243 on the 1st April 1887 to 407 in the following December; though it again declined to 340 at the close of the year, in consequence of the withdrawal of students from the second and fourth-year classes after the completion of the term of six months' further study required by the University from those who have previously failed. After the summer vacation the number again rose rapidly; and at the end of July 1888 the attendance numbered 510, the largest register ever known. Of the 340 students on the roll at the close of the year, 30 were Mahomedans; and this number increased in the following July to 65, on the admission of the students of the college classes of the Calcutta Madrassa to the lecturer of the Presidency College. The receipts of the College for the year increased from Rs. 35,978 to Rs. 48,646; this increase of Rs. 12,668 arising from the larger attendance of students. The increase of expenditure, from Rs. 1,20,293 to Rs. 1,25,968 (or by Rs. 5,675), was due to the policy of strengthening the staff up to tho full requirements of the college. Among other additions a new Demonstrator was appointed to the chemical laboratory, the necessity for this appointment arising from the Very rapid increase that has taken place in the number of fourth-year and M:Ă. students taking up practical chemistry as one of their branches of study. The number of these students amounted at one time to 44. The services of a skilled mechanic were also entertained for the repair and manufacture of apparatus required in the practical classes, chemical and physical, and his salary has been considerably more than repaid by the value of his work. Altogether the net expenditure by Government on the maintenance of the college decreased by Rs. 6,993. The gymnastic class of the college is in the tenth year of its existence, and had an attendance of about 30 students. These not only went through the ordinary gymnastic course, but played foot-ball and cricket with some regularity. The gymnastic master points to the strong and well-built frames of those who attend tris class as evidence of the value of their exercises. Four crioket matches were played during the year with other clubs once with St. Xavier's, once with Bt. James', and twice with the Howrah club. The Presidency College olub was victorious in three matches out of the four, having been defeated boy St. Xavier's 'alone. Hooghly College.--Mr. Mowat officiated as Principal throughout the year in the absence of Mr. Griffiths on furlough. In June 1887 the post of E 2 ·36 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OMVIRGITT EDUCATION. Professor of Botany was abolished. Mr. P. Mukerji, Professor of Chemistry in the Rajshahye College, was transferred to the Hooghly College in 'June 1887, Babu B. B. Dutt, Lecturer on Physics, being transferred to Rajshahya. The five candidates who went up and failed for the M.A. degree received no instruction in the College, in which no M.A. classes were maintained throughout the year. The College did extremely well in the First Arts examination. Ducca College.-In November 1887 Mr. Booth, the Principal of the College, was transferred to the Presidency College to fill the important pust of Professor of Physics, vacated by Mr. Eliot's appointment us Meteorological Reporter to the Government of India. Mr. Clarke Edwards succeeded Mr. Booth in the Principalship, and Mr. Mondy was transferred from the Civil Engineering College at Seebpore to Dacca to take up the Science classes of the Colloge. Mr. Tepper, Professor of the Dacca Coliege, was appointed Principal of the Rajshahyo College in place of Mr. Clarke Edwards. Mr. C. R. Wilson, appointed in England by the Secretary of State, arrived in India in April 1887, and was posted to the Dacca College in the following June. Babu Sarada Ranjan Ray, M.A., resigned his post as Lecturer in Mathematics in June, and was succeeded by Babu Kali Pada Basu, M.A., of the Ravenshaw College, Cuttaok. The Dacca College comes next in importance among Government colleges to the Presidency in relation to the higher education of Bengul. It passed half its candidntes at both the First Arts and the B.A. examinations, and out of 27 candidates who took the degree of B.A. from this College, six passed in honours, two of those in the first division. At the M.A. examination four candidates passed, two in literary and two in scientific subjects. One of these, who chose English literature, stood first on tho Univorsity list in that branch; while another gained a placo in the first class in physical science. Unfortunately the College is very badly equipped as regards the teaching of science. There is no special building for tho laboratory, as there is in other classes of smaller importance; and for want of accommodation in the College, the room in which the science lectures aro given is occupied by other classes before and after the loctures are over, so that elaborate experiments are impossible. The supply of scientific apparatus is also inadequate to the full requirements of the College. These points will bo made the subject of a separate communication. Tho gymnastic class numbers 60 students, with an average daily attendance of 40. The gymnasium was completely wrocked in the tornado that passed over Dacca; and an application has been made for & grant of monoy tu rebuild it. Patna College. During the absence of Mr. Ewbank on furlough for five months from May 1887, Mr. Parry officiated us Principal of the College, and Babu K. K. Banerjea, M A., was appointed temporarily as Lecturer in Physics. Tho lattor gentleman was transferred to the Rajshahye Colloge on Mr. Ewbank's retrrn. During the year the college lost its head maulavi and its head pundit-the former, Maulavi Alim Khan, by retirement after a service of 25 years, and the lattor, Pundit Chhatu Rain Tewari, by death after a service of 23 years. The ňumber of students at the close of the official year increased from 189 in 1887 to 278 in 1888. On the 31st Decembor 1887 it was as high as 326. The first year class coutuined 135 students--the largest ever known in the college. Of these, only 17 came from the collegiate school, a fact which shows tho important part played by the college in the education of Bebar. Again, of the 270 students at the close of the year, 206 were Beharis, and only 64 Bengalis-a proportion very different from that of a fow years back. So also there were 60 Mahomodans on the rolls, while the Presidency College had on the samo dato, and before the amalgamation of the Madrassa students, only 30 of that race. The B or Scionce Course seems to be viewed with little favour by the Patna students. Of 38 candidates for the B.A. degree, only 5 chose the B course; and of the present fourth-year class only 4 out of 45 take up science. The single candidate at the M.A. examination (in mathematies) failed, his failure being ascribed to ill-health. Owing to the great increase in the number of students, the fee-receipts for the year increased from Rs. 15,025 to Rs. 22,412, and owing further to the absence of the Principal on furlough, the average annual cost of each student to Government fell to Rs. 72, the lowest rate ever reached in a first-grade college.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 37 UNIVSRSITY EDUCATIUN. A much-needed work has now been finished in the eroction of a wall around the large compound of the college. The Mohsin grant to the college for the part-payment of fees of Mahomedan students has also recently received a considerable addition, Krishnagar College. On the transfer of Mr. Mann to the Presidency College, Mr. Hill was confirmed as Principal. The numbor of students rose from 51 to 71, the increase being, however, confined to the first-year class. Hitherto the college has taught only the B course for the degree. A Lecturer in Philosophy has now been added to the staff, and the A course opened; and it is expected that there will be a considerable increase in the attendance of the third and fourth-year classes of tho college. At the B.A. examination four out of the six candidates passed-two of them with honours. The number of students attending the gymnastic class was 56, with an average attendance of 35. The college crickot club has been reconstituted, with a yearly grant of Rs. 50 from Government. Rajshahye College. On the transfer of the Berhamporo College to local management, Mr. Livingstone, the Principal, was appointed a Professor in the Rajshahye Collego in succession to Babu IIara Gobinda Sen, who retired on pension. In November 1887 Mr. Clarke Edwards, the Principal, was transferred to the Dacca Colloge, and was succeeded in the Principalship by Mr. Tepper. After a few months of almost continuous ill-health, Mr. Tepper was compelled to take leave, and died the day after his arrival in England. His early death, after a service of only three years, has deprived the Department of an officer of great promise, whose cultivated mind and admirable personal qualities secured him the esteem and 'affection of all with whom he came in contact. He was succeeded in the Officiating Principalship by Mr. Livingstone. Mr. P. Brühl, Lecturer in Physics, was transferred to the Civil Engineering College, Seebpore, and was succeeded by Babu K. K. Banerjea, M. A. ; while Babu B. B. Dutt, M.A., was appointed Lecturer in Chenistry in succession to Mr P. B. Mukerji, transferred to Hooghly. A Lecturer in Philosophy and a Professor of Arabic and Persian were also appointed for the college classes. Additional buildings have been sanctioned for the college at a cost of Rs. 6,000; and somo plots of land in the neighbourhood have been either purchased or leased, with the view of increasing the accommodation and at somu future time of building a hostel. The gymnastic class numbered 72 attendants. Ravenshaw College, Cultuck. There were several changes in the college staff during the year owing to unavoidable causes, and an additional Lecturer in English Literature was appointed.. Of the 60 students on tho rolls, 29 were Uriyas, 15 Bengalis settled in Orissa, and 11 Bengalis tomporarily resident in the province. Bethune School, College Department. Miss Chandra Mukhi Bose, M.A., continued throughout the year in her office of Lady Superintendent. Miss Kamini Sen, B.A., another pupil of the school, was appointed lecturer in the college department, and is now reading for the degree of M.A. The number of students increased from 4 to 6-five in tho first-year and one in the second. The second-year student appeared for the First Arts examination, and passed in the third division. In the two previous years no student of tho school had passed that examination; consequently there was neither a third nor a fourthyear class in the year under report, and no candidate appeared for the B.A. examination of 1888. Chittagong College.--Mr. William Dutt, M.A., continues to conduct this college with success, aided by a small staff. Since the time when the Education Commission looked with doubtful eyes on this institution, it may be said to have fairly ostablished its position. In 1883 it had 15 students; in 1888 tho number had risen to 45. Within the same period the annual cost of caci pupil to Government bas fallen from about Rs. 200 to under Rs. 50; and for the last three years there have never been less than eight students of the college passing the First Arts oxumination, generally with one in the first division. All the districts of the Chittagong Division are represented in the college classes, though most of the students come froin the collcgiuto school. It is observed that the best students of the college aro those who have passed the Entrance examination from Government sclzools. General Assembly's Institution. The Revd. William Smith was Principal throughout the year. The permanent importance and value of this institution ·88 UPORT OF THE DIRECTOR UNTV DUCATION. are shown by the figures of the last few years. In 1883-84, owing to causes which attracted considerable public attention at the time, the number of students fell from 402 to 165. These causes being removed, the number again steadily rose, and on the 31st March 1888 the college contained 415 students. Viotoria College, Narail.—This small college, which receives a Government grant of Rs. 250 a month, has now completed the second year of its existence. It had 22 pupils on the 31st March, and passed four candidates out of seven at the First Arts examination of 1888. It has an attached hostel, in which abcut 20 students are maintained at a cost of Rs. 3-8 a month. Midnapore College.This was transferred during the year to the local municipality, with a grant of Rs. 55 a month from Government-the amount of the average cost of the institution to Government before its transfer. The number of students increased from 21 to 42. The college and school together maintain a flourishing, gymnastic class, with 113 on the rolls and an average attendance of 88. They had a field-day in February last, at which the Commissioner of the Division presided. All neighbouring students were invited to compete, but the Midnapore boys carried off most of the prizes. Berhampore College. This college was also transferred during the o of the year to local management. The Maharani Surnomayi, C.I., consented to bear the entire cost of its maintenance for five years, it with under a Board of Trustees nominated by her, of which the District and the District Judge are ex officio members. Most of the collegio transferred elsewhere, and replaced by new members appointed # Board. The monthly fee was reduced from Rs. 5 to Rs. 3 a month, and also ber of students increased from 24 to 64. Uttarpara College.--The establishment of this college and this transfer to local management have been already described. It only remains to add that, by the liberality of the founder, the late Bebu Joykissen Mookerjea, a building was erected at a cost of Rs. 8,000 in close proximity to the school, partly for the accommodation of the college classes and partly for the purposes of a hostel. It had 29 students-all in the first year. The remaining colleges have not furnished reports, or their reports con- . tain no points of special interest. IV. SECONDARY EDUCATION. SROONDARY KDUCATION. 63. The following statement compares the statistics of secondary schools for native boys for the past two years:- 1886-87. 1887-88. Bohoole. Pupils. School. Pupilo. 52 High English Maintained by the Department Ditto by Mi.nicipal Boards Aided by the Department or by Municipal Boards Unaided 14,997 1,094 60 6 14,376 1,443 141 22,14,1 22,996 147 89 24,862 2,049 .. ... Total 972 61,227 67,480 888 . 1,977 Middle English Maintained by tho Dopartmont Ditto by Municipal and District Bourds Aided by the Departmeat or by Municipal or District Boards Unaided 1,140 1.. 998 834 169 87,376 11,781 898 199 88,889 18,012 ID Total 718 61,184 745 .. 84,651 168 8,097 85 ... Middle Pernanulagus Maintained by the Department Ditto by Municipal and District Boards Aided by the Department or by Municipal or District Boards Unaided * 87 8,128 164 8,704 ... ... 864 103 46,990 6,283 89 108 13.881 6,648 .. ... ... Total ... 1,167 64,178 1,189 87,083 2,226 189,108 GRAND TOTAL 2,147 176,899 ·Map 1.-Showing the extent of Collegiate and Secondary Education in 1887-88. 83 86 90 h HIM, в н от А L Tre Bruilo MES E W immuti Darjeeling BING Á Í Gorakhand Munkaverso Sib PRO1 ) Cn Beber Azugat i Topuri Wr Ballir lejuar 5 ! 24 Parrot Den pert LAHKA! . kapel Gandhi CY: M REFERENCE. Class 4. below 25 per cent. tot 3. 2 3 to 5 à Palament t . PPM LP'ERAK A H.0) Prowher 2. 5 10 9 . I. ahardugga 1. 10 per cent and upwards. Kvining R А ias Ruttu tu. Stingman agoug Bened some CENTRAL (h! M razgarl. Vanné Wilave Pheonhar Baad Bununlpur M nautai + ingul PROVINCE you False P B of Y OF BENGAL Aksilho 20 20 Scale 1 Inch = 80 Miles or not too hetkar Ingannath Lucky 100 TI -MADRAS PRESIDENC -:: --- -.-. 872 10

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·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 39 BEOONART KDUOATIUN. Secondary schools of all classes taken together have advanced from 2,147 to 226, or by 3:6 per cent., and their pupils trom 176,839 to 189,103, or by 6-9 per cent. cente The increase in the number of schools has thus been acoompanied by a gain in the average numerical strength. High English schools show a gain of 20 schools and 6,203 pupils. Middle English schools have increased by 27, and their pupils by 3,517; while middle vernacular schools have increased by 32, and their pupile by 2,544. 64. Owing to the introduction of the Bengal Local Self-Government Act into all the regulation districts of the province and the non-regulation district of Julpaigori, all middle schools hitherto directly managed and maintained by the Department in the extra-urban portions of those districts, have now been formally transferred to the management of District and Local-Boards. The number of institutions maintained by Municipal and District Boards thus rose during the year from 45 to 166, most of the increase taking place under the head of middle vernacular schools, the number of departmental middle English schools having always been smaú. There were also 428 English and 486 vernacular middle schools, hitherto aided by the Department under the grant-in-aid rules, which passed over to the control of the District Boards. These bodies, it will be remembered, are not yet empowered to make grants-in-aid to high schools. As aided schools had all along been managed by local Committees of their own, they already opntained the principle of self-government. The rules made by Government under the Act have accordingly been so framed as to protect the interpstes of aided schools by limiting the functions of the Boards to the duty of making granta from time to time, and of ascertaining from the reports of the inspecting on this whether the terms of the grant are being observed, without any interference with the internal management of the schools. Proposals for placing some of the departmental high schools under the management of Joint Committees, as contemplated by section 64 of the Act, are under the consideration of Government. 65. The following table shows in greater detail the attendance and expenditure in schools of secondary instruction :- Attendance and Enditur Bohoola of Secondary Instruction during 1887-88. BXPENDITURE. Number From publio funds. OLABB OF BONOOLS. Namber Average of papils Dumber on Average on the the rollo daily rolls on the monthly attend. $200 March during the anoe. 1008. year. waboola. From provincial revenues. Total. From private funds. Proci From diatriot municipal funda. tundi. Buo. Re. Rs. Rs. Rs. RO be 14,832 1,416 12,002 1, 129 1,25,4557 2,838 5,891 9,22,9981 21,566 4,50,778 29,186 High English, Maintained by the Departmont Ditto by Municipal Bourds Aided by the Department or by Municipal Bonrd.... Unaided Total 14,878 1,468 94,1588 27.040 23,061 26,080 84,705 18,947 81,089 29,80 ....00 89 3,12,321 4,35,647 4,19,528 4,86,847 ... ...SU ..... ...... 202 67,430 65,699 62,930 2,18,891 80,228 10.92,515 13,36,194 8 1,277 . 1,823 991 8,798 2,719 19 993 086 742 208 2,777 Tot Hudlo Angllah. Maintained by the Department Ditto by Muniolpal and Distriot Boards Alded by the Dopartmont or by Municipal Boards... Vauided Total ... 1,168 1,475 10,981 10,678 9,982 4,17,757 49,378 .. 393 198 ... 85.946 12,248 5,467 2,18,24 89,378 27,760 9,681 30,000 1,07,642 88,489 18.618 34,081 . ... ..... O 50,880 P,174 40,051 1,19,319 13,624 4,02,790 8,60,7840) des 88 8,114 2,807 10,198 3,851 12,469 ..... Yiddle. Voznaonular. Maintained by the Department Ditto by Municipal Had Dig. triot Boards Aided by the Department or by Municipal Boards Opaldad 184 8,704 7,860 2,150 8,072 88,483 I.. 1. 8,568 88,094 1,046 6,952 26,613 07,094 8,41,890 89,648 802 108 .. 48,081 6,603 24,364 2,13,962 33,043 45,817 6,087 78,442 ... .00 ra 1,189 87,022 01,931 48,822 66,95 1,13,530 Total GRAND TOTAL 11,452 2,86,42% 4,68,810 58,703 17,81,780 23.70,734 2,220 189, 108 178,000 i 140,426 3,09,437 2,23,855 In the previous year the expenditure on 2,147 public sccondary schools was Rs. 22,62,591, of which Rs. 5,17,235 were contributed by Government, and Rs. 17,36,356 from local sources. The transfer of control to District and Local Boards, noticed above, has resulted in a nominal reduction of the Government ·40 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR BBCONDART IDUOATION, expenditure by Rs. 2,07,798 ; but as the grants given by the District Boards amounted to Rs. 2,23,855, there has been an actual increase of Rs. 16,057 in the expenditure under this head. Expenditure from municipal funds, shown separately in this table for the first time, was included under "local sources" in former reports ; so that if, for purposes of comparison, municipal and private contributions be taken together, they amount to Rs. 18,37,442 against Rs. 17,35,356 in the provious year. 66. The Education Commission recommended VIII.21) “ that a periodi. cally increasing provision be nado in the educational budget of each province for the expansion of aided institutions." Accordingly, the Government of Bengal in its coniments on the Coumission's report expressed the hope of being able to increase its grant-in-aid allotment for secondary schools by a sum of Rs. 20,000 or Rs. 25,000 every year, indepondently of the far larger increase that it proposed to make in the grant for primary education. This anticipation has not been fulfilled. Owing to the pressure of other demands upon its resources, the Government has found itself unable to increase the grant-in-aid allotment to anything like the extent contemplated. In 1883-84 the Government expen. diture on aided secondary schools was Rs. 3,12,314; in 1887-88, including the expenditure by District Boards, it was Rs. 3,41,913-an increase of Rs. 29,600. In the samo four yours the expenditure on these schools from privato (including municipal) sourcos incrcased from Rs. 7,32,014 to Rs. 8,66,962, or an increase of Rs. 1,34,900. Further, much of the increase in the Goveromont expenditure is due to building grants, which have beer. sanctioned more liberally of late. Meanwhile, applications for new grants have been accumulating for the last two or threo years, without the possibility of aiding any of the applicant schools except in rare and special cases, chiefly those of girls' schools. It also appears that the grants to individual schools have been brought down to the lowest possible point. To high schools the grant-in-aid rules allow a maximum grant up to 50 per cent. of the privato exponditure; the foregoing table shows that tho rato actually sunctioned is only 25 per cent. To middle schools the rules allow grants of 66 or 100 per cent. according to class; the actual rate is 46 por ccnt. If all secondary schools, Government, aidod, and unaided, be taken together, it appears that since 1883-84 tho Govornment expenditure has actually docreased to a very small extent, while the expenditure on these schools from private sources has increased by Rs. 2,46,000. There is plenty of energy and vitality in these schools; and it is much to be wished that the Govornment was in a position to afford more liberal aid to those under private management. Iligh English Schools.--The figures for this class of schools are repeated :- Iligh English Schools for Boys. 67. 1986-87. 1887-88. Maintained by the Department Ditto by Municipal Boards Aided by the Departmunt or by Municipal Boards Unaided Schools. 52 5 141 Pupils. 14,997 1,094 22,141 22,995 Schools. 50 6 147 89 Pupils. 14,376 1,443 24,562 27,049 .. Total 272 61,227 292 ... 67,430 The number of departmental schools declined from 52 to 50, owing to the transfer of the Midnapore Collegiato School to the local municipality and of the Berhampore Collegiate School to a Board of Trustees acting on behalf of the Maharani Surnamayi, c.i., of Cossimbazar. The schools maintained by Muni. cipul Boards are those at Santipore, Burdwan, Bali, Nattore, Ghatal, and Midnaporo, the last of these having, as just stated, been taken over by the Midiinpore Municipality during the year under report. Schools aided by the Departınent or by municipalities, or by botlı, have advanced from 141 to 147. No high schools are aided by District Boards. The increaso of six aided schools is the result of the following operations:-St. Chrysostom's School in Calcutta was transferred to the list of European schools, and five schools of the middle class were raised to tho status of high schools. The 147 aided high schools are thus distributed :-Presidency Division 45, Burdwan 49, Rajshahye 9, Dacca 18, Chittagong 5, Patna 9, Bhagulpore 4, Orissa 6, and Chota Nagpore 2. Unaided high schools advanced from 74 to 89; nearly all of these having made applications for grants. There is an increasc of six schools in the Presi. ;

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 41 SECONDARY EDUCATION. denoy Division, of four in the Dacca Division, of two in the Chittagong Division, and of one in each of the Divisions of Rajshahye, Patna, and Orissa. The distribution of these 89 unaided schools was as follows:-Calcutta 27, Presidency Division 17, Burdwan 11, Rajshahye 2, Dacca 13, Chittagong 3, Patna 12, Bhagalpore 3, and Orissa 1. 88. The following table compares the results of the Entrance examination for native boys for 1887 and 1888: - Entrance Eramination for Natire Boys. 1887. 1888. NOMORR SAABKD IN TIIR NUNDRR PASSED I Tirk Chass SCHOOLS. © Number of competing schools. Number of candidates. Third division. Percentage. @ Number of competing schools. Ose Number of candidates. First division. 3 Second division. Third division. *$% Percentage. 430 ... 100 (a) 38 127 74 Government schools Private schools (aided) Ditto (unaided) Private students and tenchers 1,079 788 1,602 114 840 180 215 6 891 611 89M .. 82'6(a) 58 674 131 696 87 70'6 187 78 121 470 1,219 907 1,168 191 211 105 885 720 385 789 88 ... 08 3933 13 ..... Total 250 3,407 091 1,191 484 2,540 688 279 4,210 383 775 1,932 46'8 (a) Including four mu icipal schools, In 1886 only 875 candidates out of 3,038 were successful, with a percentage of 28.3. In 1887 the percentage rose to 68.8, but in 1888 it again came down to 45.8. It was explained in the previous report that the exceptional success of candidates in 1887 was duo, among other causes, to the change made in the scalo of pass marks, which were reduced from 33 to 30 por cent. in English, and from 33 to 25 per cent. in tho second language and in mathematics, while the aggregato minimum of 33 per cent. was not insisted on. In 1888, though the pass marks in the different subjects remained unchanged, the aggregate minimum was enforced, and the number of successful candidates materially reduced. The Government schools, as usual, showed the best results, having passed 59 per cent. ; aided schvols in various stages of efficiency passed 42 per cent., while unaided schools, including the large Calcutta schools, passed 40 per cent. of their candidates. Of private students only 30 per cent. passed. 69. The following table compares the success of Government, aided and unaided schools in each division for the past two years, privato students being excluded: Entrance Eramination, April 1887 and March 1888. 1887. 1888 NUMBRR OP SCHOOL.8 NUMBER OF BCHOOLS WHICII WOICH SXNT CAN- PASSED CANDI- DWAT38. DATUS. NUMBER PASSED IN TIK NUMBER OF NUMBER OP SCIOOLA SCHOOL. WITICA WHICH BENT CAN- PASKI CANDI. DIDATES. DATBB. NOMBRR PANEKD IN TUR DIVISIONS. Number of schuols. Government. Number gained scholarships. Government. Ubaided. First division, Second division. Sumber gained scholarships. Number of schools, Third division. Aided. Unaided. **** Samber of candidates. Aided. Total, Gorernment. Total. Government. Aided. C'naided. Total. Aided. Unaided. a Namber of candidates. Total. Total. 8 26 92 100 83 OR (9 67 Rá) 10 98 59 (b) 1 27 40 10 49 12 80 1 84 10 12 20 18 15 1 40 2x OR 10 13 04 Calcutta Presidency Burdwan ... Rajshahye Dacou Chittagong Pntna Bhagulpore Chota Nagpore .... Orissa 16 ... 81 (0) 16 First division. PRESS Second division. Ka Ikird division. uaaseenaoca 17 80 8 17* 23 17 14 21 17 34 ... 008 142 820 118 655 130 184 37 494 98 80 20 888 66 07 29 48 14 82 29 31 (a) 6 (0) 1 70 (c) 9 49 70 (d) 10 18 6 36 (a) 5 17 11 6 28 6 12 18 19 21 17 21 0 18 19 9 1 10 12 10 6 B 8 7 6 8 8 283 113 186 02 297 102 69 15 160 85 88 8 100 49 8 16 7 23 9 8 16 4 6 9 2 888 3153 488 121 840 04 212 80 87 56 8 9 1 10 3 . 81 1,091 04 51 780 16 180 32 810 8 193 22 609 10 120 B 03 8 78 12 1 11 & wearwasioa 85 175 109 78 161 117 48 97 116 30) 68 128 131 20 82 20 NO 2 383 14 14 8 21 420 849 2.59 110) 925 AN 180 72 84 1:5 6 6 8 8 10 18 11 88 11 7 9 11 24 11 0 10 3. . .. 20 8 8 10 10 3 6 1 8 . 10 Total U8 127 74 269 68 119 79 280 3,889 886 1,171 412 9,208 160 2002 89 18487 1270 86 111 78 945 4,084 383 779 752 1,894 140 • Lnoludes throa girls' scholarships. (a) Inoluding tho Bothane Girls' School. (a) Including the Bethune Girls' School. (b) The Freu Churoh Normal School for girls. (6) The Free Church Normal School for girls. Ipoluding the Bantipur Municipal School. (s) Including tho Santipur Municipal School and the Moorshedabad Madrasan. (d) Ditto the Burdwan ditto, and Ghattal Municipal School, (d) Ditto the Burdwan ditto, Midnapore and Chattul Municipal and the Heli Kivers Thompson Municipal School. School, and the Bali Rivers Thompson Municipal School. (e) Including the Decca Madrassa. (a) Including the Daoca Madras ·42 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR SECONDARY EDUCATION. The 58 Government schools include the Bethune Girls' School, the Moorshedabad Madrassa, the Dacca Madrassa, and the municipal schools at Santipore, Burdwan, Midnapore, Ghatal and Bali. The school at Palamow and the Moorshedabad Madrassn passed no candidates. The Palamow Sohool is situated in a backward part of Ohota Nagpore, and proposals for strengthen. ing its instructive staff are now under consideration. The Moorshedabad Madrassa is a special institution kept up for the benefit of the relatives of the Nawab Bahadur of Moorshedabad, and it has never yet passed a pupil at the Entrance examination. The progress of aided schools continues to be on the whole satisfactory. In 1878 out of 84 aided schools, 73 competed and 49 were successful; in 1888 out of 147 schools, 134 competed and 111 were successful. In 1887, bowever, out of 141 schools, 127 competed and 119 were successful. The results for 1888 were thus not so favourable as those for 1887. The cause of the difference has already been explained. The general result is that in 10 years the number of successful aided schools has risen from 49 to 111. 70. Government High Schools for Boys.—These are either schools attached to collegos, and under the control of the Principals, or zillah schools of the first, second, or third class. The class of a school is fixed by the number of its pupils--whether 300 or more, between 175 and 300, or under 175. The following tables show the results of the Entrance examination for schools of each class. In accordanco with the practice of previous years, the merit mark in the last column is found by crediting the schooi with ono, two, or three marks for each boy passing in the third, second, or first division. As explained in former reports, cach class includes schools of widely different numerical strength and financial prosperity, and thereforo the merit marks, though furnishing a convenient test of progress from year to year, give only a rough idea of the comparative efficiency of different schools: Collegiate Schools. 1887. 1889. MBBIT MARKS. NAMB OF SCHOOL. Number on the rolls on the 31st Darch 1883. Nurnbor pasard in tho- Namber pussed in Number of candidates, Yumber ni candidates. 1887. 1888. First Second Third division. division. division, Total. First Second Third division. division. division. Total. 1. Dacca (ollekiuto 620 0+ 23 19 11 63 61 17 18 7 37 118 84 2. liudu 809 15 8 69 13 12 12 37 105 78 ... 3. liaro 489 73 93 7 65 05 9 12 18 37 126 10 3 45 66 7 12 18 82 110 68 4. Uongbly Colleginto 830 8. Rujahulyo do. S2 18 - 3 80 30 9 11 8 98 87 6. Patila *do. 463 14 7 1 6 17 50 61 28.3 40 12 34 30 2 12 8 78 89 400 20 1 10 18 3 17 36 30 7. Krialnagar du. 8. Chittagong do. 9. Ravenaliny Col. lepinte (Cut. turk) .. 901 20 10 $0 19 29 1 18 II Collo- 10. Bansi rit klain 183 17 8 6 1 20 12 3 22 * 18 . 11. A. P. Department. Culcutta Madi. TANN 18 6 18 24 4 19 18 12. Hooghly Branch 949 87 11 12 90 88 1 Total 468 130 186 882 72 112 03 089 Owing to the transfer of the Berhampore College to a Board of Trustees and of the Midnaporo College to the local municipality, the number of collegiate schools declined from 14 to 12 and of their pupils from 5,000 to 4,492. In 1887 they sent up to the Entrance examination 465 candidates, of whom, 382 passed with a total merit mark of 867. In 1888 there were 481 candidates, of whom 277 were successful with a merit mark of 533.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 43 SECONDARY EDUCATION. Ever since the establishment of the University, the first place has been ocoupied either by the Hindu or by the Hare School; but the Dacca Collegiate School, which held the second place in 1887, now leads the list with 84 marks, the Hindu and Haro Schools following it, with 75 and 67 marks respectively. The Hindu School passed from the fourth to the second place, and the Hare School from the first to the third, while the Hooghly Collegiate School has gone down a step. The Hindu School lost 60 pupils and the Hare School gained 7 pupils during the last 12 months; they are both now numerically much wcaker than the Dacca Collegiate School, which has 529 pupils. The fee-income of the Haro School was Rs. 24,480, and its expenditure Rs. 24,023. The Hindu School spent Rs. 22,283, of which Rs. 14,571 only were raised from fces. The niaximum foe-rate in the Haro School was raised from Rs. 4 to Rs. 5 to bring it up to the level of the Hindu School, the highest rate in similar schools under nativo management being Rs. 3 a month. The increaso was viowed with disfavour by the British Indian Association, which thought the matter of sufficient importance to be represented to the Lieutenant-Governor, but the orders were upheld. The foes at the Dacca Collegiate School amounted to Rs. 12,112, and its expenditure to Rs. 15,407; at the Hooghly, Krishnagar, and Rajshahye Collegiate Schools the fees amounted to Rs. 10,812, Rs. 7,316, and Rs. 8,583 respectively. The feo-income of the remaining collegiate schools as follows: -Patna Rs. 11,823, Hooghly Branch Rs. 8,681, Ravenshaw Collegiate Rs. 5,575, Calcutta Madrassa Rs. 6,829, Chittagong Collegiate Rs. 8,262, and the Sanskrit Collegiato School Rs. 2,602. 71. Zillah schools, first class.—The number of these schools, with 300 pupils and upwards, was 15, against 14 in the proceding year, the Patna City School having regained the position which it had lost. The results of the Entrance examination for the last two years are showu in the following table : was Zillah schools-first class. 1887. 1888, MERIT MARK8. Numbor passed in the Number pnssed in the NANBOY SCHOOL. Xumber on the rolls on the 31st March 1898. Number of candidates. Sumber of candidates. 1887. 1888. Firat. division, Second Third division. division. Total. Firni Second Third division, division. div81011. Total. 7 3 DO 8 20 1. Mymensingh 405 327 8 8 12 10 34 79 11 31 3 6 X 8 1 3 429 339 19 2.5 15 38 81 16 20 13 19 14 35 26 13 16 60 60) 43 98 34 .. A 8 25 30 10 11 7 16 6 7 7 12 7 it jo 10 34 8! 27 La ? S. Burisal 4. Utterparah* 8. Arrah 8. Gyn 7. Mosufferporo Bhagulpore 8. Boerbhooa Baianet 11. Noakhally Chuprnlı 14. Moorshedabad 18. Patna City 20 8845 876 816 Soy 915 Hu2 8833 173 328 857 306 2 17 19 17 17 I! 11 133 144 7 55 6 1.) A 10) 4) 18 3 8 28 12 46 18- Jessore 10 31 11 9 19 2 13 37 1.5 15 18 3 5 9 1 S 16 20 1.5 11 5 Total 8,844 202 ** 125 32 303) 45 105 82 23. ... • Made over to local vuilniugem-nt. From 15 schools with 5,344 pupils, 369 candidates competed in 1888, and of these 234 were successful with a merit mark of 434. In 1887 out of 292 candidates, 241 passed with a merit mark of 534. The Mymensingh and Commillah schools head the list, the former having risen from the fifth and the latter from the eighth place; they passed 26 and 24 candidates respectively, of whom six and eight were in the first division. The Burisal School has come down from the first to the third place. The Uttarpara school has also lost two steps. The Baraset school has risen from the 13th to the 8th place and the Arrah school from the 9th to the 5th. The Chupra school has come down from the 3rd to the 12th place, and the Bhagulpore school from the 4th to the 8th. The hostels attached to the Baraset, Jessore, and Moorshedabad schools are reported to be working satis. factorily.

·44 RXPORT OF THE DIRECTOR SP.CONDARY XDICATION. 72. Zillah Schools, second class.---The number of schools in this class is 15, against 17 in the preceding year. The decrease of two schools is due to the transfer of the Patna City School to the first class, and of the Howrah, Balasore, and Chybassa schools to the third class, while the schools at Maldah and Motihari have passed up from the third to the second class. The examination results for the last two years are compared below:- Zillah School Second class. 1887. 1888. MURIT MARKS. NANS OJ SCHOOL. Numer of pupils on the rolls on the $1$t March 1888. Number of candidates. Number pussed in the Number passed in the Namber of candidates. 1887. 1888. First Becond Third division, division, divisiou. Total. First Second Third division. division. division. Total, 13 14 3 1 ..1... 29 20 €74 263 211 274 290 8 18 11 9 8 18 21 23 29 Onnn . 1. Furroodpore 2. Ranchi 8. Boxta 4. Rutik poro 5. Pubna 8. Taki 7. Monghyr Dinake pora 9. Harrackpore 10. Khulna .... 16 14 10 13 9 11 6 10 1 1 1 28 26 16 4 3 15 15 med B VRATNO DOKA 285 185 289 189 2:30 239 2:43 ...... 19 16 16 25 18 Coscovasacoche % 6 11 11 ...... 1 11 11. Hulpminori 18 90 19 14 37 S 9 20 naman 0 18 2 1 13. Kankuru Maldah 16. Motihari JI 10 8 21 8 11 17H 208 2 S 3 7 ..... Total 8,518 150 06 14 196 190 86 37 814 250 From 15 schools with 3,548 pupils, 190 candidates were sent up in 1888, of whom 126 were successful, with a merit mark of 250. In 1887, out of 156 candidatos, 136 passed with a merit mark of 314. The relative position of schools of the second class has again altered considerably, the Furrcodpore school having risen from the fifth to the first placo, the Kanchi school from the tenth to the second place, and the Bogra school from the ninth to the third place. The Bankoora school has fallen from the second to the thirtoonth place. The Balasore school, which was at tho top of the list in the previous year, with a merit mark of 39, has now, in consequence of a loss of pupils, been reduced to the third class, with a merit mark of 12 only. The loss of 17 pupils, which has brought its strength below the secondclass limit of 175, is ascribed to the introduction of an enhanced scale of fees and to the opening of a middle English school in the town. It did not do badly in the examination, passing 9 candidates out of 11, but in the previous year, under the same head-master, it achieved the signal success of passing all its 14 candidates, il in the first division. It is hoped that the numbers of the school will shortly be restored. Tho strength of the lowrah school fell from 248 to 145 owing to the opening of a much cheaper school hard by. The number of successful candidates fell from 14 to 5. There is little doubt that this school no longer satisfies a public need. If the municipality do not take over the managoment (a question now under consideration), it should be closed and the way cleared for private enterprise, which already occupies the field with fuccess. The loss of status of the Chybassa school is believed to be only temporary, the introduction of increased rates of feos having caused the immediato withdrawal of 95 pupils, of whom 52 were aborigines. Concessions in favour of this last class of pupils have since been made. The success of the Ranchi school induced the local community to apply to Government for the addition of colloge classes to the institution, with the view of converting it into a second grade college for Chota Nagporo. It is not probable that the request will be granted. A proposal for the construction of additional class-rooms at Ranchi as well as at Purulia has, however, received the sanction of Govern. ment. The Khulna school is still held in the old aided school building. His Honour the Lioutenant-Governor on the occasion of his recent visit to Khulna expressed his willingness to provide two-thirds of the cost of the building, if the people would raise from local sources the remaining one-third. 73. Zillah Schools, third class.-Theso schools numbered eight, against seven in the preceding year. The Howrah, Balasore and Chybassa schools came ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 45 down from the second to the third class, while the Motihari and Maldah schools were moved up. The results for two years are givon below:- BECONDARY BDOCATION. Zillah Schools Third class. 1887. 1888. MRRIT MALKS. NAX 07 SCHOOL. Number of pupila on the rolls on the 31st March 1888 Number of candidates. Number passad in the Number passed in the Namber of candidates. 1887. 1888. First Bacond Third division. division. division. Total. First Second Third divinion. division. division. Total. 1 11 1 ... 15 14 11 8 14 5 5 3 1 6 1 9 .... . 2 2 1. Ankaribagh 2. Balasore Dumka Pooroo 5. Purnnah 6. Howrah 7. Ohybusan 8. Palamow 199 180 118 104 138 145 85 103 enco 6 8 8 18 7 8 ...... 19 99 11 10 8 28 3 12 8 3 3 3 ..... 8 1 3 14 1 5 .. ...... .... Total 989 83 28 28 8 6.5 6 16 18 130 G3 In 1888 these eight schools with 983 pupils passed 39 candidates out of 69, with a merit mark of 65. In 1887, out of 63 candidates, 55 were successful with a merit mark of 130. The IIazaribagh school again heads the list, having passed eight out of its 11 candidates, one of them in the first division. For the first time in its history, the Chybassa school has passed as many as three candidates. Its staff has lately been strengthened by tho appointment of a third master, but it is still under-officcred. The increased income from the revised rates of fees will enable the Departmont to improve it. It will be seen that the Hazaribagh and Chybassa schools, though in the third class, gain higher merit marks than six of the second class schools. The Palamow school, though it passed throo candi. dates the year before, is among the weakest of the weakest of the Government schools, and its staff requires to be considerably streugthened. The increased fee-income will render such a proposal feasible. 74. The following table shows in juxtaposition the departmental as well as the non-departmental schools maintuined 'in Calcutta for the benefit of native students : Entrance Examination, March 1888. NUMBER TASSBD IN TUN NAME OF ScuoOL. Number of pupils on Number the rolls oli of cutthe 31st didatos. March 1888. Total pussou, Number of scholar. ships Ramnout, First Second Third division, division. division, 05 16 ... 19 12 Governmont School - 1. Haro %. Hindu 8. runskuit Collegiato 4. Anglo-Perqiun Department, Velouttu Madrassa 403 303 1:33 458 592 .. 13 3 1 97 37 8 13 0 1 7 : 4 Total 1,357 190 32 30 95 7 17 ... 946 7.13 004 8? 7:3 21 7 50 19 2 1 4 7 . 13 .. 50 01 10 7 ... 6783 67 11 ... 15 . 23 24 28 17 20 20 .. ... 8 8 ...... 50) ។) .. 337 18 8 8 ad BD ... ... 2 ... 353 307 3 1 2 .. 11 1 2 4 .RO I.. 1 1 1 1 13 11 10 8 165 ... 6 .... Uncidod Schools 1. Metropolitan Institution 2. Ripon Collegiato School S. Oriontal Seminary 4. Albert Collegiate School 6. New Indian Sohool 6. Oity Collegiate Rchool 7. Free Church Institution 8. Metropolitan Institution, Bow Bazar Branch 9. Ditto ditto, Bhumpukoor du. 10. General Assembly's Institution il, Calcutta Aryan Institution 18. Calcutta Institutiou 18. Calcutta Trvning academy 14. Mr. Dall's High School 18. Broughton Institution 16. Calcutta Juhileu Institution 17. Northbrook School 18. O. M. 8. Borrding School 19. Koshub Aoudemy 80. Cotton Institution 31. Buncobasi Sohool 22. City Collegiate School, Sobha Bazar Branch 23. Baghuar Model School 14. Bilo Free College 25. Simla Bengul Aondomy 38. Bishop's College 17. Metropolitan Institution, Balakhana Brunch... 28. Ditto ditto, Burrs Bazur do. 19. Simla High Sohool ... ... 1 .. 8 UD 185 9.5 107 ... ... SU .. 3 3 ... ... ...... ...... ... .. ...... 1 1 20 2 7 6 ... ... 2 1 3 3 ..... 873 233 898 197 SSO 381 918 11 95 18 ... .. .... 12 8 10 8 2 1 3 2 ... ... ... ...... 1 U. ... ... 4 2 10 1 tu. ...... ..... 1 1 ..... 207 910 208 15 ... S .... ...... .00 21 1 Tota 836 ...10 183 332 7 • Return, not received from those two sohools.

·46 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR SKUONDARY EDUCATION, 75. The question of school discipline continues to occupy the attention of the higher officers of the Department, and the subject has been discussed at length in a report recently submitted to Government. A school mainly dependent for support on the fees paid by its pupils is at times compelled to tolerate breaches of discipline which a well-endowed institution can punish without fear. In Bengal the number of educational institutions of really independent position is by no means large. The admittedly superior discipline of a Government or of a missionary school is justly attributed to its solvency. The unnecessary multiplication of high schools in Calcutta and othor towns is an evil, the magnitude of which can hardly be measured. The numbor of these schools is now far beyond the needs of the community, and niany of thein are stated as purely money-making speculations. Boys are bribed to join them, to the injury of older and more respectable institutions; by the appointment of ill-qualified or inexperienced masters the standard of education is degraded ; and by a las system of discipline the standard of morality also. The inter-school rules go some way, to check unscrupulous managers, but, as I havo explainod' in a previous section, they now give the latter too much power, and a boy, once joining such a school, often finds that he is caught as in a trap. Many of these schools, especially in mofussil towns, are held in unsuitable buildings, and have no books of reference and no proper supply of furniture. It may bo assumed that under the operation of the ordinary laws of demand and supply, the trade of school-making will soon reach a point at which it ceases to be profitable; but the loss in power and efficiency during thu transition stage is a vory serious evil. No orders of the Gorernment can of courso prevent the opening of a school of any description; it is the University alone that can check the evil by declin. ing to recognise a school that does not satisfy certain conditions. It has already taken steps in this direction by giving power to the Syndicate “to refuse to recognise any school unless it is cortified by a Government Inspector of Schools as having been in existence since the 1st of July next preceding the examination, and as qualified to teach up to the Entrance standard." It would probably be an improvement to extend the term of probation to two years, and to require the managers to notify to the Inspector their intention of opening a school, and to supply full particulars of the establishment and accommodation to be provided. It would not thereby lose the right of sending up candidatos to the examination during the probationary period; the only difference would be that they would appear as private students. 76. The following statement shows the second languages taken up by candidatos, including those from European schools, at the Entrance examinations held during the last three yeurs :- Entrance Eramination. 1886. 1887. WBS. 85 ... 89 II. C 79 ... . ...... ...... 2 2,516 0 ... .00 ... ... ... Latin Greek Sanskrit Arabic Persiat Bengali Urdu Hindi Uriya Armenian Burmeso French 2,155 3 208 649 48 93 14 2 2,513 7 238 6014 26 84 19 892 1,102 29 126 23 } ... . O. ... t ... 2 17 .. 15 ... ... ... 29 Total ... 3.172 3,499 4,306 ?'he number of candidates taking up Bengali has steadily declined during the last few years, while those taking up a classical language has gone on increasing, chiefly in consequence of the orders of the Bengal Government confining the award of scholarsbips to the latter class. The large increase of candidates taking up Bengali is, thereforo, altogether unexpected. The majority of them are doubtless sent up by those inferior schools, on the multiplication of which I have just commented. As a classical language bas to be taken up at the First Examination in Arts, the preference for Bengali is not likely to be perrmanent.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 47 2 77. The eandidates are classified according to their religion in the following statement : BRCONDARY EDUCATION, Entrance Escamination, 1888. NUMDER PASSED IN THE BOLIGIOI. Nombor ot oandidates examined. Total. First division. Second division, Third division. 341 .. 11 Hindag Mahomedan. Christians Others 3,867 271 116 51 720 61 84 14 707 61 23 7 1,768 113 79 37 22 16 .. Total 4,305 890 819 788 1,997 In 1887, 2,151 Hindus, 133 Mahomedans, 83 Christians, and 42 others passed the examination. There is little change in the relative proportion of successful candidates of different creeds. 78. The following table shows the distribution of Government junior scholarships awarded on the results of the Entrance examination for the past two years:- Distribution Lists of Junior Scholarships, 1887 and 1888. 1887. 1888. DIVISION. scholarship, ks. 20 a month. First-grade Second-grade scholar. ship, Bs. 15 a month. Third-grade scholar. ship, Rs. 10 a month. Total, First division, Second divisinn. scholar shin, Rs. 20 a month. First-grade Third division. Total. Sernad-grade schnlar. ship, Rs. 15 8 month. Third-grade scholar. slup, Re. 10 a month, Pirst division, Second division. Third division. 2 6 17 9. 10 20) 21 18 10 13 12 10 12 16 20) 01 18 0 17 25 7 14 21 2 2 ... 10 13 12 10 13 0 1. . 6 Calcutta Prounidency Burdwan Rajshahye Dacron Chittagong Patna Bhagulporo Orisha Chota Nagpore Total 18 10 21 8 18 12 1 ... 12 8 IR 11 ... ... 18 12 10 7 4 0 ..U.. 7 7 10 47 105 152 149 3 10 47 95 · 112 138 10 10 Girls' Scholarships. 1 1 3 3 1 1 3 Calcutta .. ...... 3 . 11 48 96 --- 155 152 3 GRAND TOTAL 11 155 186 19 It is noteworthy, as an apparent indication of the greater ease of passing in the first class in 1887, that while in that year only three junior scholarships were awarded to candidates passing in the second division, in 1888 no less than 19 scholarships were so awarded to candidates from the divisions of Patna, Bhagulpore, Orissa, Rajshahye, and Chota Nagporo. 79. Middle English Schools.—The statistics for these schools for native boys for the past two years are compared in the following statement:- Middle English Schools for Boys. 1886-87. 1897.88. Schools. Pupils. Schools. Maintained by the Department Ditto by Municipal and District Boards Aided by the Department or by Municipal or 7 8 838 1,140 8 12 Pupils. 1,277 993 Aidedi borse the aper .. 534 109 37,376 11,781 533 192 an 11 38.869 13,519 Unaided ... Total ... 718 51,134 740 61.661 The schools maintained by the Department havo advanced from soven to eight. They are the following: -The English Department of the Calcutta Model School, the Colinga Branch School, the Hooghly Model, tho Darjeeling ·48 REPORT OF THE DIREOTOR SECONDARY EDUCATION. Zillah School, the Rangamati and Bandarban Boarding Schools in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, and the the Cuttack Model School. The Bogra Model School, which was erroneously classed as a municipal school last year, is the new one on the list. The schools maintained by Municipal or District Boards have increased from 8 to 12. Of the eight old schools, six are in the Burdwan Division, one in Rajshahye and one in Patna. The four new schools are one in Orissa, one in Dacca, and two in the Patna Division. In aided middle English schools there was a loss of one. The schools are thus distributed :-Presidency Division 119, Burdwan 134, Rajshahye 56, Dacca 100, Chittagong 23, Patna 37, Bhagulpore 23, Orissa 26, and Chota Nagpore 15. Unaided schools have again advanced from 169 to 192, 13 new schools having been opened in the Dacca Division alone. The schools are distributed as follows :--Presidency Division 35, Calcutta 6, Burdwan 36, Rajshahye 15, Dacca 45, Chittagong 16, Patna 26, Bhagulpore 5, Orissa 4, Orissa Tributary Mehals 3, and Chota Nagpore 1. Most of these schools have been opened to meet a local demand for clementary English education, and exist in the hope of obtaining a grant-in-aid from departmental or local funds. Some are due to a less worthy notive, and have been started as a result of village disputes with the object of injuring some neighbouring school. 80. Middle English Scholarship Examination.--The results of the examination are given below. The standard is that of the middle vernacular scholarship examination, with English added as a language only :- ·Middle English Scholarship Examination for Boys, 1888. NUMBER OF INSTITUTIONS BENDING EXAMINERS. NrXBEB CF EXAMINEES. NCUBBB PASSED, BACK OR CREBD OY PASED SCHOLARS. Institutions under public management, Aided institutions. Other institutions, public Total. Institutions Other Private under public Aided institutions. institutions. students, manaffuent. Total. Aboriginal races. *SOIRIAIRE Competing sohuola. Successful schools. Competing scho'ls. Succogsful schools. Competing schools, Succossful schools. Comproting schools. Succesful schools. updor Institutions munuzenlent. Indled institutions. Olhor institutions, Privato students. Necond division, First <livision. Thurd division, Second division. First division. Nativo Christians (non-abori. ginul). Third divisiou. Second livision. first division. Thir division, Second division. First division. ---- Tniru division. Second division. First division, Europeans und Eurasians, Third division. Maliomecans. Hindus. Tot:11. Non-Christians, Christiana. Othern. Presidency 66 11 5 109 79 25 27 379 33 ... 26 39 6 I ... 172 6 ... ... ..6 ... Calcutta 1 1 1 1 1 7 ... 2 1 H. ...I. 11. 0. Burdwan 5 6 107 91 12 11 194 LOL 16 ... 332 33 2+ 15 3 6 34 IS 88 10 3 3.) 95 104 237 ... - ! OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Rajshahre 36 26 43 33 12 135 ei 5 13 99 10 13 mm 23 19 73 S ... 1. ... - Dacca 73 14 11 B8 77 909 32 14 27 SF 11 13 SI 142 Chittagong 1 15 12 25 30 UF 31 84 1 - . 1 13 6 0 1 Patna 1 29 16 20 5 lilly 52 100 21 27 11 33 + .. ... 1 Bhagulpre ... 17 16 1 13 13 15 ! 10 57 • 17 - 17 3 ... I. ur. PI •* -- Chota Nagpore 7 9 7 35 33 12 12 ... 9 1. ..III. . 14.1. I. .. II . 1.. Orissa 2 20 13 25 14 3 3 1 3 13 10 17 2 ... 1 .. 12 31 5 .. ... ... 1s 2 Do. Tributary Mebals 2 5 1 2 1 1 1 ... ... 2 ..... f . ... .10 ... ... ..... I. ... DR.D. 1.00 .. . Total 15 40% $21 46 434 30 69 676'i 219 123 1,453 10 16 118 310 1 219! 9 39 13 2 10 17 111 405 233 179 1 11 .. $31 V. B.-Thirty-three middle vernacular schools sent up 61 candidates to this examination, and 31) candilains from 21 schools were successful. Two amalgamated high schouls est up 6 cuorinates to tlus esamination, all oi whan our surreessful. • Exclusive of 73 candidates passing by the middle Fernacular standard from 20 middle English schools. 49 EDUCATION. SECONDARY ·50 REPORT OF TIIE DIRECTOR SECONDARY EDUCATION. The foregoing table shows that 484 middle English schools sent up 1,525 candidates, of whom 802 from 380 schools were successful. There were besides 61 candidates from 33 vernacular schools, of whom 36 from 21 schools passed the examination. Two åmalgamated high schools also sent up six candidates, who were all successful. Thero wcro likewise 29 successful private students. In the preceding year 449 middle English schools sent up. 1,333 candidates, of whom 761 from 353 schools passed, besides 26 successful candidates from vernacular schools, 4 from high schools, and 33 privato students. The results for 1888 show, therefore, a markod improvement over those of the previous year. Most of the successful candidatos came from aided schools. Under the system hitherto in force, the same candidato might present himself a second or third time at the examination after having already passed it; but as this practice had the effect of detaining students at middle schools after they were fit for. a higher stage of instruction, I found it necessary to notify to schools that a boy who had once passed the examination, whether in English or in the vernacular only, could not be admitted to it again. The now rule is in entire accordance with the practice of the Universities in India and England, and will have a salutary influence on the schools, although it may for a time reduce the number of candidatos. Tho teaching in middle English schools is carried on by means of vornacular text-books in all subjects except English, so that if a middle vernacular school chooses to add an English class, it is in a posi. tion to compete at the middle scholarship examination. When a vernacular school has by its success at the Englisli examination established its claim to recognition as a middlo English school, all it has to do is to apply to the Circlo Inspector to be so recognised, without any alteration in the terms of its grant. When, however, a middle school in extra-urban tracts applies for conversion into a high English school, it is placed in a difficulty: As a high school, it cannot continue to receive aid fro in the District Board ; while tho Department has not now the means of aiding it by a soparate grant. At first, by an arrangement between the Boards and the Department, the amount of the grant was transferred to the latter, and was thus continued to the school as a departmental grant; but of late District Boards have refused to reduce in this way the funds at their disposal. It is clear, therefore, that the interests of schools undergoing the process of transformation from middle to high or from high to middle require special attention. 81. Middle Vernacular Schools.-The figures for this class of schools are compared below:- Middle Vernacular Schools for Boys. 1886-87. 1987-88, chouls. 153 37 l'upils. 8.097 3,128 Sobools. Pupily. 35 3,114 164 8,764 Maintained by the Department Ditto by Municipal and District Boards Aided by the Department or by Municipal or District Boards Unaided .. 864 103 46,990 6,263 892 108 48,581 6,563 ... ... II. Total 1,157 64,478 1,189 67,022 Departmental middle vernacular schools declined from 153 to 35 on their transfer to District Boards, while those maintained by the Boards advanced from 37 to 154. The net result of the transfor of management is a loss of ono school. The departmental schools aro situated in municipalities, or in those districts in which the Bengal Local Self-Government Act has not yet come into operation, and are distributed us follows:-Presidency Division 2, Calcutta 1, Burdwan 1, Rajshahye 1, Dacca 2, Patna 5, Bhagulpore 5, Orissa Tributary Mehals 2, and Chota Nagpore 19. The following is the distribution of the 154 Board schools:-Presidency Division 12, Burdwan 22, Rajshahye 25, Dacca 14, Chittagong 10, Patna 38, Bhagulpore 20, and Orissa 13. Aided vernacular schools advanced from 864 to 892. The Presidency Division gained 5, Burdwan 10, Dacca 2, Chittagong 14, and Chota Nagpore 1 school, while Rajshahye lost 1 and Bhagulpore 3 schools. The distribution of these schools was as follows:-Presidency Division 208, Calcutta 5, Burdwan 190, Rajshahye 104, Dacca 222, Chittagong 99, Patna 6, Bhagulpore 22, Orissa 21, and Chota Nagpore 15.

·Unaided schools increased from 103 to 108. Like middle English schools of the same class, many of these have been started in the hope of getting a Government grant. They were distributed as follows:- Presidency Division and Calcutta 22, Burdwan 18, Rajshahye 12, Dacca 17, Chittagong 8, Patna 15, Bhagulpore 3, Orissa 3. and Orissa Tributary Mehals 10. 82. Middle Vernacular Scholarship Examination.—The following table gives the results of the examination :- . Middle Vernacular Scholarship Examination for Boys, 1888. NUMBER OF INSTITUTIONS EE.DISG EXAMISEE8. YOYBER OF ESAVISEES. NCYBER PASSBD. RACE OR CREED OF PASSBD SCIIOLARB. Institutions under public munugement. Aided institutions. Other institutions. Total. Institutione under plic Dianngrihent. Aide instita. tous. Other institutionis. Private students. Total, Aboriginal races. DIFIBI03. Competing schools. Succossful schools, Competing schools. Siccessful schools. Competing schools, Successful schools. Coinpeting schools, Successful schools. Institutions undlur public ini. nakenient. Aided institutions. Other institutions. Private stuileuth. Secont division. First division. Thirul civision, Secon division. l'irst division. Thir division, Second livision. First divisioll, Tlur division. Native Christuins (non-abori. ginal), Secon division, First livision, Tluiri division. Suconi alivision. First division, Europeans und Eurasians. Third division. Ilindus. Total. Maboinedany. Non-Christians. Christians. Othors. OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. ... 12 12 150 127 11 11 179 159 63 513 117 1767 13 1! 51 ! 121 151 o 10 14 19 71 135 .. 207 Presidency Calcutta ... 407.96 ... ... 5 + 11 10 17 1 17 3 $1 12 3 1 10 1 1 3 + 30 . 1. 17 ... 60 ... 4. Burdsan 91 17 160 123 1: 7 193 152 516 36 149 773 16 25 3S 104 3 11 1 17 49 112 247 401 7 ... ... .. : Rajshahye 1 20 IS 114 39 7 84 236 61 . 08 19 12 381 23 13 70 2 3 20 ..4 17 131 13255 Dacca 15 15 190 16! it 11 213 195 93 614 213 922 10 17 163 197 3 9 24 67 186 .. 294 30552 Chittagong . 9 CD SC ht? 5 33 29 311 165 51 1! 7 10 3 90 111 1 2 2 7 0 28 3+ 34 105 157 9 2490 ... Patna 30 23 4 11 9 45 36 119 10 149 313 13 39 13 . 1 312 S 25 16 09 76 47 127 : 12 . 18 14 19 18 L 1 33 33 59 51 62 i 173 2 11 0 13 1 2 11 14 43 + 08. 80 ! 11 .. : ... Bhagulpore ... Chota Vaypore. 15 11 11 10 26 21 37 49 16 102 9 3 10 16 04.10 II. SV IO 111 .: ... 1+ 20 I. 27 90 61 101 10. Orissa 13 12 21 16 31 29 89 62 215 10 19 10 20 . 23 1 16 ... 18 55 104 NO 1 ... Do. Tributary It hals uc 10 10 10 23 ... 3. 2 2 r 3 .. . 3 ... 11 10 26 I! .. ... 10 as Total 136 133 739 CO3 18 61 967 802 638 2,489 261 1,001 4,383 146 : 173 225 505 7592253 75 5 65 211 3H 828 1,216 2,165 '215 1 S 2,389 5.8.-Three hundred and twenty-five middle English schools sent up 945 candidates to this examination, and 076 candidates fmm 278 schools were successful. Twenty amalgamated high English schools sent up 193 candidates to this examination, and 188 candidates from 16 schools were successful. (a) Exclusive of four candidates passing from guru-training classes. 51 EDUCATION. SECONDARY ·62 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR SECONDARY EDOVATION, The number of competing middle vernacular schools was 967, against 925 of the preceding year. The number of successful schools was 802 against 778. Again, out of 3,379 candidates from these schools, 2, 107 were successful, against 2,214 out of 3,218 in the year before. There were besides 945 candidates sent up from 325 middle English schools, and 676 from 278 schools were succesfal, against 723 from 285 schools in the previous year. From 20 amalgamated bigb schools appeared 193 candidates; of these 132 from 16 schools passed, against 151 from 22 schools in 1887. Again, out of 1,004 private students, 281 pastery against 282 out of 838 in the preceding oxamination. There has thus bean tomos falling off in the number and proportion of successful candidates. rule as to appearing again at the examination, whether English or enlar, after having once passed it by either standard, applies to cando trom vernacular schools also, 83. The two examinations are in all rospects identical,. the English paper at the middle English examination, and candidates both classes indifferently are allowed to compote by either standard, results of the two examinations be combined, we obtain a meana. the progress of middle schools genorally. The necessary figuras e the following statement: now 1886-87. PASSWD Ar To: Both Number of candidates. Middle Middle English vernacular examination. examwation. 761 722 26 2,214, .. .. Middlo English vernacular 2.2017 3,271 2,810 Total 5,478 787 2.935 8,728 .. Middle English vernacular 4,170 3,410 1887-88. 802 676 2,107 1,479 2,1.43 36 ... Total 5,910 838 2,783 3,621 ... ... OM The number of examinoes rose from 5,478 to 5,910, but the number passing declined from 3,722 to 3,621. Thus the rosult was somewhat less favourable than that of the year before. V.-PRIMARY EDUCATION. PRIMARY EDUCATION, 84. The following statement compares the statistics of primary schools for native boys for the past two years :- Upper Primary Schools. 1880-87. 1987-88. Sohools, Pupila. Schools. Pupilu, 21 780 11 413 7 235 16 614 Under public management- Maintainod by the Department Ditto by Municipal and District Boards Under private management- Aided by the Department or by Municipal or District Boards Uusided 3,016 102 110,099 3,707 2,860 139 106,017 5.379 Total 3,146 114,871 3,026 112,323 II. 10 149 Lower Primary Schools. Under public management- Maintained by the Department 12 185 Ditto by Municipal and District Bourils 20 502 inder private manogoment- Aidod by the Department or by Municipal or District Boards 88,331 857,571 Unaided 6.974 108,956, 15 366 ... ... ... 37,430 8.140 849,823 140,707 00 Total 45,337 968,214 45,595 091,099 GRAND TOTAL 48,483 1,080,085 48,621 1,108,492 There has been a gain of 138 schools and of 23,337 pupils. The average number of pupils to a school has slightly increased from 22:3 to 22:7, namely, ·Map 2.--Showing the extent of Primary Education in 1887-88. 812 86 90 5 EM BH VT I. Arne Breki E Bruce. I Darjeelings liszkhp? mut PENGAL 1 Hinubaru Szy Cooch Behar Arangah Deztabungan Tinalpuri Dhubs Ballia Jaunpur re NTH (tha apur Gange woord oluna ALLAHABAD Bru Vairaus B hupa Harmo Gondlari REFERENCE. Class 4. below 20 per cent. Admin APPERAH 27 G 3. 20 to 35 A Scegari B Hatuhpur 2. 35 to 50 T Morninu d 3: 1. 50 per cent and upwards R Huttur rwy'a Bennyirail egong . CENTRAL lasser plap (water! chaigarb M Heugh Buza Sambalpur Maila halucai 12 1 $ Joak 37 PROVINCES yol Falsof 201 Β Α Υ OF BENGAL Akvador 20 Scale 1 Inch = 80 Miles or 0,075.too CRU Jagannath so 100 MADRAS PRESIDENCY razja 812 86 90 WT PRO ·។ ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 53 PRIMARY BDUCATION, from 86 to 37, in upper primary schools, the number in lower primaries remaining nearly unaltered at 21. The procoss of decline noticed in the two previous reports has apparently received a check; and as the small schools gradually gain strength so as to entitlo them to recognition and aid, a further increase may be expected. While, howover, there has boen an appreciablo increase in lower primary schools, tho upper primaries show a not decroase of 120 schools, the small gains in other tracts being more than counterbalancod by the loss of 201 schools in Behar. This loss, however, is rather apparont than real, being the result of a more careful classification of the schools, necessitating the transfer from the upper to tho lower standard. Tho matter will be a fullor dotail further on. the following table shows the proportion of boys actually at school in the went districts, as compared with the number of boys of school-going 15 per cent. of the male population, as in England: disanom NUMBER OF BOYS AT BCUOOL. PERCENTAGE OP DOTS AT SCHOOL TO DOTS OF BCTIOOL GOING AGR. DIMIRIOI. Number of boys of Rcbol-going age. Male population. Year 1886-87. Yar Year 1887-88. Ycar 1886-87. 1897-88. 61 01 UDC 50 .. . 89 ... . ... ... 49 83 09 61 60 . 45,103 20,800 81,177 25,820 01.601 67,687 31,49 62,086 47,8353 699,017 71,0415 60,089 36,881 34,804 28,443 23,871 17,778 . 48 48 01 48 41 . $ ... ... ... ... ... 38 90 29 20 ... ger ... 47,448 30,001 3,8 22,058 18,134 81,460 86,447 63,372 49,830 54,854 71,201 71),120 37,915 $2,8013 52,167 41,113 17,714 19,997 31,310) 23,5:54 201,835 82,832 48,080 8,1936 211,978 24.6518 12,580) 199,610 15,822 24,297 21,198 23,1170 21,003 19,145 7.744 18,279 33 20 31 3-5 2!) 20 20 20 19 17 M 16 . ... .. vo 28 . ... .. ... 488,982 316, 1799 418,848 288,817 1,244,274 1,093,8113 401 0,264 008, 298 770,898 976,480 978, 179 31,619 507,186 M88, 403 608,889 381.683 40,00 779,846 186,48S 280,878 808,783 2,958, ADT $40,008 2,206,731 986,245 625,428 870,027 788,890 1,083,500 989,124 1,043, 441 973,119 648,311 872,677 937,080 789,298 784,865 54,909 080,860 798,657 806.558 1,067,701 HR, 049 680,826 1,298.789 58,848 .. 78,843 47,472 02,287 43,823 186,641 155,079 69,219 127,888 100,244 116,63+ 140,318 148.022 70,747 76,070 85,260 120,838 37,234 60,191 116.970 87,072 42,146 129,417 283,009 62,060 189,850 147.7K7 78,790 130,531-6 117,7923) 102,535 145,3419 134,516 149,808 97,247 63,002 141, 562 117,844 119,157 81,788 142,388 110,498 45,838 160,166 18,342 99,0:34 194,988 8,48% .. I. 25 21 17 17 18 & Ouma 9 Bird 10 Tipparato 11 44 Pergunning 12 Backerkunge 13 Chittaxong 14 Bankurich 15 Khulna 16 Furrnedpore 17 Heerbhoorn IN Pooree 19 Jerrore 20 Moorshndnliad 21 Singbhoomi Patna 23 Mymensingh 24 Maldah * Mozuſlerpore 28 Nudden 27 Manlihoom 28 Chumpurun 29 Bouthul l'ergunnahy 80 Surun 31 Monghyr Gya 88 Bhagulpore 84 Pubna 88 Bogin 86 Purneah 87 Dinakenore 88 Orishal Tributary Mohala 89 Hazaribagh 40 Shahabad 41 Lohardurga 42 Julpuiguri 45 Rumpor 4 Darjeeling 45 Rajshahya Durbhunga Ohittagong Hill Tracts . . ... 14 12 18 15 1 4 ... ... . .. ... On .. ) 93,934 23,6R8 11,056 26,942 45,089 4,187 16,12 24,329) 12,113 18,170 14,233 22,456 IX, 13 19,113 17,333 17.328 0,5-15 17,344 16,141 14,458 9,578 16,697 22,030 6,706 19,200 1,500 15,789 18,486 882 .. ... H. ... 1 1+ 13 19 13 12 12 11 18 17 12 18 12 11 .. ... 0 C w ... ... . .. 12 12 .. ... .. 11 .46 .. . ... 14,440 19,451 16,354 14,260 4,088 16,307 1,406 9,166 26,41 321 ... ... 13 11 11 13 8 3 10 O ... .. Of the fourteen districts wbioh head the list, with more than 40 per cent. of their boys at school, some have moved up and others havo lost ground. Hooghly was bracketed first with Howrah in the preceding year, but has now taken a clear lead; while Noakhali has risen from the fifth to the third place, Midnapore from the seventh to the fifth, Dacca from the thirteenth to the sixth, Balasore from the tenth to the seventh, and Backcrgungo from the fourteenth to the twelfth. The second group of cight districts, with 20 to 37 per cent. of their boys at school, show slighter changes; three of them, namely, Beerbhoom, Moorshedabad, and Patna, having retained their old places, while Furreedpore has risen from the twenty-first to the sixteenth place. Districts with ten per cent. and less occupy the six places at the bottom of the list. Among them, Rajshahye has come down from tho twenty-ninth to the fortyfifth face, its percentage being reduced from 15 to 9. This result is due to the new system of primary school administration adopted by the District Board, which has replaced the old system of payment on results by ono of fixed stipenda. Reckoned by divisions, Burdwan and Chittagong head the list, with 50-8 and 48.8 per cent. of possible boy-pupils at school. Dacca and Orissa follow with 37.3 and 35.3 per cont. respectively, while the Presidency Division shows ·54 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR PRIMARY EPIICATION. 31.8 per cent. as in the previous year. Chota Nagpore has 14:9, Bhagulpore 14.3, Patna 13.6, and Rajshahye 11.8. In the preceding year, the place of the Rajshahye Division was above that of Bhagulporo and Patna. 86. The following statement shows the expendituro incurred by the Department and by District and Local Boards respectively. on account of primary schools. The statement includes charges for girls' schools and for the subordinate inspocting staff, while it excludes payments to primary schools from the grant-in-aid allotment, so that it cannot be compared with the table given above in paragraph 8 :- From provin. cial revenues. Rs. 78,033 16,843 316 4,569 24,080 Stipendiary schools Non-stipendiary Indigenous Prizes Other payments From dis trict funds, Rs. 1,94,184 2,20,679 1,826 19,988 1,21,573 Total. Rs. 2,72 817 2,87,822 2,140 24,667 1,45,663 • ... ... Total 1,23,840 6,58,249 6,82,089 In the preceding year the expenditure amounted to Rs. 7,36,243, so that there was a reduction of Rs. 54,154 in the expenditure under this head. As before explained, the allotment of funds to District Boards fell considerably short of that for 1886-87; and also, owing to delay in payment, large sums due for 1887-88 fell over into tho following year. It appears from the divisional reports that reward bills for more than Rs. 3,000 were not passed in the Jhenida sub-division of the Jessore district; that rewards to gurus in Hooghly and I lowrah to the amount of Rs. 15,000 were not distributed until after the close of the year; and that owing to the transfer of administration and the uncertainty in which the District Boards had for some timo to work in the absence of mapctioned budget estimates, expenditure in many instances was kopt down to the lowest possible point. The total annount contributed by municipalities to the support of primary schools was Rs. 10,355; varying from Rs. 7,805 in the I'rosidency Division, Rs. 2,815 in Patna, and Rs. 1,968 in Burdwan, to smaller sums in other divisions. In the 24-1'crgunnahs the municipal contributions fell off by Rs. 1,182. The now Municipal Act for Calcutta contains a section empowering the Commissioners to spend money on primary and tochnical schools. 87. A total sum of Rs. 1,23,840 was expended under the old system under orders of the Deputy Commissioners in tho districts of the Chota Nagpore Division, in Darjeeling, thó Chittagong Hill Tracts, and the Sonthal Porgunnahs ; under orders of tho Circle Inspector in Calcutta; under orders of the Superintendent in the Orissa Tributary Mehals, and under ordets of District Magistrates within the limits of municipalities and cantonments, which are exompted from the operation of the engal Local Self-Governmout Act. An analysis of the returns of expenditure shows that 1,152 schools recoived in stipends Rs. 45,400, or at Rs. 39 each per annum ; 663 schools were paid Rs. 32,633 in stipends and rewards jointly, or at the rato of Rs. 49 a school; and that 1,591 schools received Rs. 16,607 in rewards only, or at the rate of Rs. 10 a school. There were besides 105 schools which were paid Rs. 236 for keeping registers of attendance and submitting roturns. Payments to indigenous schools for registration amounted to Rs. 315, and the cost of prizes came up to Rs. 4,569. "Other payments » announted to Rs. 24,080; they included charges for abolished schools, Rs. 2,836, inspecting pundits and chief gurus Rs. 7,008, building grants Rs. 2,693, scholarships Rs. 1,665, stiponds to circle schools Rs. 3,998, furniture and maps Rs. 843, commission on money-orders Rs. 666, examination charges Rs. 1,291, khas mehal schools Rs. 1,784, and contingencios Rs. 1,296. 88 A detailed examination of the expenditure of Rs. 5,58,249 by District Boards on primary schools furnishes the following results:-2,396 schools received Rs. 93,135 in stipends only, or Rs. 39 a school for the year; 2,285 schools were paid Rs. 1,01,049 in stipends and rewards, or at the rate of Rs. 44 a school; 28,808 schools received in rewards only Rs. 2,14,066, or at the rate of Rs. 7 8. school; and 3,205 schools were paid Rs. 6,613 for registration and submission of departmental returns, or at Rs. 2 a school. These rates closely correspond with thoso given above for schools not yet transferred to Distriot Boards. Payments to indigenous schools for registration and cost of prizes amjunted to Rs. 21,813. “Other payments" amounted to Rs. 1,21,573, and ropresented the ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 55 I'RIMARY EDUCATION. following charges : Inspecting pundits and chief.grúrus Rs. 79,401, abolished schools Rs. 12,191, building and furniture Rs. 1,387, scholarships Rs. 3,143, examination charges Rs. 6,889, circle schools Rs.760, attached patshalas Rs. 3,879, other schools Rs. 416, monoy-order commission Rs. 1,367, and contingencies Rs. 12,640 It may be stated here that 163 primary schools for boys, chiefly under missionary management, received grants from the grant-in-aid allotmont, aggregating Rs. 10,506; and that 162 primary schools received Rs. 12,767 from the grant for circle schools. 89. In the following table are shown tho financial results of the adminis. tration of the primary grant for each district. The Rajshahye, Patna, Bhagulpore and Chota Nagpore Divisions roceive more liberal assignments than the rest in consideration of the backward condition of the people, while the town of Calcutta gets more in proportion to the number of its pupils, because most of the gurus have to make provision for house-rent, an item which is of no practical importance in the mofussil. Primary Expenditure for 1887-88. DIVISIONS. Districts. Sclinois. Pupils. Expendi. ture. Cost per school in ruptos. Crist per pupil in HITIAN. Rs. .. 24-Pergtinnabs Jeonora Muurshedabad Klinlun Nuddon 1,188 702 607 1,005 601 PUKSIDENCY 41,621 22,500) 17,421 27,1.49 16,8016 25,600 16,374 12,618 13.96-4 14,828 215 20*1 287 180 24-6 18 2011 ]]:6 ... ... .. 1.. ... ... ... 1 Total 120,460 4,284 A2,288 192 104 ... Calcutta 103 7,080 40.6 7,700 17 ... .. ... .. .. .. 1,150 .. .. 1. .. Buriwan Baukoora Beerbhoom Midni poro Hooghly Lowrah 15.8 1086 109 1106 88 BORDWAN 42,723 29,651 14,567 65,505 85,550 22,5P + 23,138 19,244 10,931 85,724 7,922 4.929 1014 110 87 3'5 ... ... .. . ... 3,070 1,361 677 . UI ... . ... Total 8,838 2,10,549 1,01,485 12.1 7.7 ... ... ... ... 050) 283 053 262 418 35 210 Dinugoporo Rajshahyo Runkporo Boxra Pubna Darjeeling Julpigores 12,636 7,6235 16,2849 6,810 12,412 866 4,778 11,166 16,930 17,408 8,059 12,087 3,000 6,625 BAJSUADTR 171 663 20'0 3109 80'9 857 2009 14°1 896 18 2 1806 166 650 185 ... .. II. ... ... ... .. Total 2,501 74,094 29'6 193 ... .. 1,100 919 100 31,088 25,024 28,61+ 85,010 Dacca Furreodporo Buckergungo Mymensiugh 2000 174 1997 16:1 .. 24,074 16,450 18,850 28,774 12:3 106 30.5 192 DACCA P.. ... ... . 1,6:57 ... .. Total 4,781 119,038 1.1 18.9 ... ... 80,134 13,876 19,400 29,841 884 . Chittagong Noakhally Tipporah Chittagong Hill Tracts 767 1,303 2,38) 10 19.3 148 12.3 004 COITTAGONG 22,618 31,687 19,817 143 ... .. . 74.8 ... Total 1,469 103,602 89,481 97 14'2 . 103 104 .. ... . . 1,284 919 633 .. ... I. ... 98 .. ... ... PATNA Patna Gya Shuhabad Sarun Chumparun Mozutterforo Durbhunga 26,64% 10,874 11,0209 201,032 14,910 13,846 10,771 1303 1400 12'4 11.9 161 14'5 840 .. ... 10,488 12,500 6,004 11,878 11,191 10,085 18,124 84,711 .. ... 0903 725 ... 12:0 19'2 224 ... 19 .. Y ... ... Total 5,846 110,104 1598 11.7 ... ... .. .. 993 791 7544 ..+ Bhagalpore Monghyr lu ouh Malduh Southal Pergunnahs 18,304 18,183 16,013 6,228 12.648 BHAGULPORR .. 12,877 17,210 8,718 6,790 20,760 12:6 294 11'6 200) 41'2 10:9 181 87 174 28'8 ... bo 100 ... .. 503 ... 100 184 Total 2008 3,211 69,819 60,073 US .. .. ... Hazaribagh Lohardugku Hinkbloom Manbboom 391 41' 45.9 27*3 CAUTA NAGPORB 350 955 219 476 9,835 10.183 11,03 11,1890 13,0& 14,778 30,960 11,000 ... 188 177 ... .. OR. 100 ... ... Total 1,428 1968 4,777 63,425 80-8 2,800 .. . ... ORIKSA Outtack Pooreg Balasoro 64,398 13.433 21,401 80,900 21,188 11,870 10'4 22'0 30.9 ... 90 183 14.8 ... .. 698 ... ... 110 Total 4,002 89,319 154 61,208 . 89 Orissa Tributary Mohals 1,274 1,850 2007 ..

·56 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR PRIMARY EDUCATION. The averago annual cost for each school was Rs. 17.6, and for each pupil 11.4 annas, against Rs. 17.4 and 12 annas in the preceding year. The highest figures are furnished by Darjoeling and the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Rs. 85 7 and Rs. 66.4 respectively, the gurus having to bo imported from a distance and induced to remain at their posts by the offor of higher pay. Rajshahye occupies tho third place, the District Board having during the past twelve months raised the cost of cach school from Rs. 16-5 to Rs. 56 3 a year by the adoption of a system of stipends all round, in substitution of a mixed systom of stipends anu rewards. The next group of costly districts is headed by Calcutta with Rs. 466, followed by Singbhoom with Rs. 45.2, Lohardugga with Rs. 41.6, and the Sonthal Pergunnahs with Rs. 41.2. The presenco of a large abori. ginal clemont explains the high charges for the Sonthal Pergunnahs, Singbhoom and Loharduggu, and, as alroudy explained, most of the gurus in Calcutta have to pay rent for school-houses. It may be useful to remember that in 1860 Sir J. P. Grant estimated the cost of a patshala at Rs. 50 per annum--a rate which is reached in only a few exceptional casos. Again, turning to the annual cost of each pupil, we find that while Hooghly and Howrah educate their boys at an average cost of three annas six pies ench, the cost in the other districts ranges from eight annis and six pics in Burdwan to 74 annas and 4 pics in the Chittagong Hill Tracts. There is no doubt that the system adopted in Bengal is a most economical ouc, the cost of each pupil to public funds being only one-fourth to one-eighth of what it is in other provinces of India. But economy may not always be attained without the sacrifice of efficiency ; and it is under the influence of such considerations that the District Board of Rajshahye has raised the rate of payment for gurus to a comparatively high figure, abandoning the weaker schools to their fato. The following table shows the progress made in upper and lower primary schools in the different districts :- 90. Statement showing the extent of Primary Education in Bengal, 1887-88. Schools which sond Upper primary pupils to the lower schouls. primary scholar. Ship examination, Schools which are schools in which lor low that stali ni printed daril, but road books aro prwted brexin, reul. Total DISTRICT. Merit narks. Schools. Pupils. Schwuls. l'upuls. Schools. Pupils. schools. Pupils. Schools. Pupils. 3,151 2,777 ...... .. 127 761 6,778 3,901 2,titil 2.99003 $107 1,237 675 43. 803 147 617 873 2.07.5 10,935, ... 10 173 179 119 63 ..... 398 N.0913 4.707 1.679 3,714 0,194 6,173 4.829 3,0190 112 1,0373 061 4293 1.7.) 108 313 2017 *00,031 3ti. Hig 37,4035 1.460) 4,1934 2:1, 12 15.427 27,105 17.935 17,109 18,891 13 093 1:3,073) 21.54 18,837 0,775 201.780 1:9,170 21,303 9,2916 Ifi, 0.13 12,131 9,35 0,+11 11, 49 13.0:10 6,764 13,499 7.770 10,7996 9.5133 110 4,216 2,33333 2,265 1.200 1,089 1,427 2,000 1,504 1,370 1,508 1,340 1,032 ... 1:17 807 ..... ... 100) 73 389 7,454 .. 128 100) 90 ... 75 224 1,098 067 1,199 947 816 1,032 0.78 036 8112 047 2089 859 789 831 370 335 0044 St3 210 937 410 476 849 3.K) 249 394 403 493 2.431 1,500 1,890 1.882 1,128 1,110 1,940 1,498 1,237 1,019 1,878 1,023 .. 93 1,104 8:,830 61,86 47,203 30,000 38,074 41,533 84,818 87,692 94,784 98,817 32,071 24,928 20,000 16,361 20,041 81.789 26,368 17,584 18,077 18,252 28,467 16,440 14,404 16,38 15,816 14.638 14,357 16,786 28,948 19,891 14,795 13,283 14,760 931 301 217 Midnapore Cuttack Hackerklinike Tipparuh konkursil 21- l'erkinulis Burlw711 Balamor Hoxhly Dacou Myinensingh Purroodporu Khulna JONON Poree Burun Nonkhalli l'utnu Monghyr Bhugulporn Ova Chittyunk Kronore N den Mirwormhedabad Beerbhoom Dinnreport Sonthni l'orguunah Purnomh Howrah Mozntierpnma Oriana Tributary Mebals l'uhua Chumparan Kalshuhye Lohurdukas Durbhangu Manbhoon Hazaribagh Bokra Bhnhabad Muldah Bingbhoom Jalpaiguri Calcutt* Darjeeling Ohittagong Hill Tructs 11,831 8,482 6,160 7,362 7,003 3,700 3,640 8,608 8.9117 8,205 8,083 2,813 2,770 2,761 2,284 2,248 2,107 2,179 2,033 1,976 1,947 1,900 1,816 1,787 1,670 1,581 1,479 1,418 1.402 1,988 1,857 1,947 1,836 1,837 1,183 1,086 76 09 54 48 ..... 23 :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1,025 1,391 9,0:14 2,1560 20:35-6 1,6010 2,25 1,3:9 1,5:10) 1,173 317 110 819 287 210 ... .. ... .... 81 01 39) C! 47 48 20 45 ... ..... 987 + 127 2,290 ...... 19,647 19,146 6,906 5, 147 0,inis 19,615 7,307 4,450 0129 7.814 8.130 6,884 (1,198 11.812 1,002 7,313 4,819 6,407 3.080 6,825 3,118 7,248 3,11 2,488 8,5:35 2,076 2,008 960 0776 8,414 5,783 4.0:12 8,913 0,171) 9,286 7,234 2,268 5,38345 8,82 4,410) 6,0131 441 364 .. ...... ... .. 49 962 45 76 1,590 8,058 555 8,092 SAO 803 978 708 688 044 894 771 038 746 709 724 1,003 442 728 860 472 887 400 959 S03 624 288 240 250 800 929 923 131 109 020 181 147 102 141 149 127 184 197 $16 130 186 39 1,897 1,141 8,428 68% 1,200 9,827 ... 95 13 SAS U00 .. ..... 270) 886 179 135 207 125 111 41 1,544 ..... 163 2,384 M ...... .. 12,086 12,797 11,825 9,748 7,840 9,884 6,888 11,007 4,791 8,984 1,881 149 1,3911 1,1:13 822 ... 4,187 14,116 3,788 8,963 2,79 7,790 8,218 5,36% 401 16 88 731 000 644 620 688 48 10 20 8 12 83 48 .. ... 0 ..... ..... 189 194 105 27 1 48 15 10 847 120 65 10 ...... ...... 128 167 13 ...... ...... As in the past two years, the educational position of each district has beon roughly determined by assigning five marks for each upper primary.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 57 BINARY KDCIATION. school, three marks for each lower primary school that has attained the lower primary scholarship standard, and one mark for each lower pri. mary school that uses printed books. These correspond pretty closely with the number of years taken by each school to reach its own standard. A school using no printed books receives no mark. Under this system both the quantity and the quality of the instruction are considered. Midnapore and Cuttack, with their numerous primary schools, are at the top of the list with over 7,000 marks each. In the next group are comprised districts with marks ranging from 3,700 to 3,000, namely, Buckergunge, Tipperah, Bankuorah, 24-Pergunnahs, Burdwan, and Balasore. In respect of the total number of schools and pupils, Midnapore occupies the first and Cuttack the second place, as in the previous year. Cuttack has the largest number of schools preparing pupils for the lower primary scholarship examination, Midnapore being second in position. The Assistant Inspector of the Burdwan Division recommends that the area of a district should be taken into account in judging of its actual educational position, and that tho true merit mark would be the quotient obtained by dividing the merit mark in the last column by the number of square miles in the district. He shows that by such a calculation the districts of the Burdwan Division would stand in the following order :-Ilowrah, lIooghly, Midnapore, Bankoora, Burdwan, Birbhuom; that is to say, Ilowrah occupies the first instead of the last place, while Midnapore comes down to the third place. This mode of determining the cducational position of a district makes a square mile the unit of measurement, and is certainly interesting. 91. Upper primary schools.—The following table shows the attendance and expenditure in upper primary schools for native boys aided from various sources : Attendance and Expenditure in Upper Primary Schools for natire boys during 1887-88. EXPENDITURE. FROM PUBLIC FUNDA. CLASS OF SCITOOLS. Number Number of pupils on The roll on the 31st schools. Murah 1888. Average nunber on the rolls monthly. Averago daily attend. ence. 1100 Fron Total, priv:11“ funds. From provincial revenues, From district funds. 1 alוןניאומן funds Rs. Ks. Rs. RS. Rs, 11 16 41:3 61% 377 408 209) 302 1,5:33 65 738 1.777 1,085 856 Uppor Primary Schools. Maintained by the Department, Ditto by Municipal and District Boards. Aided by the Jepartment or by Municipal or District Boards. Unaided 2,860 97,609 76,848 38,311 1,12,517 3,008 1,84,617 3,38,336 106,017 6,379 139 4,7118 318 3,751 13,965 ...... 13.MG ... ... Total 3,021 112,323 103,2-18 81,171 39,902 1,13,250 3,864 1,93,972 3,35,993 The schools have declined from 3,146 to 3,026, and their pupils from 114,871 to 112,323, the small gains in other parts of the country being more than counterbalanced by the loss of 201 schools in the l'atna and Bhagulpore Divisions, whero, under a more correct system of classification, a number of schools have been transferred from the upper to the lower primary standard. The cost of these schools to provincial and district funds jointly decreased by Rs. 8,609. Upper primary schools teach up to something like the fifth standard of an elementary school in England, the sixth and seventh standards being of a decidedly higher character. The final standrd for primary schools in Bombay is also somewhat higher than tho Bengal upper primary course. The total number of primary schools returned being 48,621, and 3,026 of them being upper primary schools, it follows that about one out of 16 has reached the upper primary standard. standard. The Government expenditure on upper primary schools (including the contributions from district funds) was Rs. 1,53,157 against Rs. 1,61,766 in the preceding year. Again, the few unaided schools being excluded,' 2,887 schools wero maintained at a total cost of Rs. 3,42,028; and therefore each school cost on an average Rs. 118 a year, or less than Rs. 10 a month, of which about Rs. 4-6 was contributed from provincial revenues and district funds. The great bulk of the upper primaries aro stipendiary schools ; but they are so economically conducted that any reduction in their number would ordinarily mean a mero lowering of the standard of education without any financial gain at all corresponding thoreto. Again, to change 10 ·58 REPORT OF THE DIREOTOR HDDOASION. the source from which they are aided, by making them grant-in-aid schools of the ordinary pattern, would be to place them under a much more complex system of management without improving their status or reducing their cost. The great bulk of them receive stipends varying from Rs. 2 to Rs. 8 a month. 92. The following table furnishes a classification of upper primary sobuolo for boys, based on thoir numerical strength :- Upper Primary Schools for Boys. 2 1 2 8 6 Schoolg with 50 pupils und moru. Schools with 40 pupils and legs than 50. Schools with 90 pupils and loss than 40. Bohools with 20 pupils and less than 90. Sohoolo with 10 papils and long the 10. DIVISIONS. Total punilver of schools. Total number of pupils. Arerago namber of pupils in an upper primary school. Scbools. Pupils. Scbools, Papils. Schools. Pupils. ** Schools. Pupils. Schools. Pupils. 20,006 117 8,209 144 4,916 81 2,043 8 183 ...... .. ... .. .. 88 .. 480 8 703 3338 817 232 . 191 126 PO 200 119 170 79 Presidency Calcutta ..." Burdwan Rajshahye Dacon Chittagong Patna Bhagulporo Obota Nugpore ... Orissa Oriana Tributary Mobals Total 7,705 878 8,463 3,245 8,415 2, 2014 6,912 2,758 1,448 477 24,687 11,643 18,157 8,420 9,748 7,000 3,521 7,113 1,5-46 110 1 127 40 106 82 61 35 18 12 943 65 69 32 8:3 46 28 8 5 11 6,427 1,700 4,007 1,378 2.600 1,511 801 622 888 7,102 8,086 6,865 2,720) 1,124 1,018 BN 2,211 690 70 10 844 849 848 301 38.9 4807 896 1,873 814 881 167 20 109 ... 8,18 8,689 1,089 402 1,076 287 3,190 231 179 75 203 80 17 87 18 ..... 1000.- 19 192 9 707 27 04 861 3,026 112,323 833 33,720 087 24,373 89.9 30,1036 829 20,640 214 3,418 S71 The largest number of upper primary schools with 50 pupils and upwards is found in the Presidency Division, but the highest average number of pupils to a school is given by Calcutta and the Patna and Chota Nagpore Divisions. Few schools have less than 20 pupils, and it is doubtful whether such small schools in the upper primary ranks can serve any uscful purpose. It may be noticed that the Education Department in England ar Wales admits no school to the benefits of a grant if it has had during the 12 months preceding its application an average attendanco of less than 30 scholars, or if thero exists another school within two miles of it by the nearest road. Tho Bengal rule, requiring an attendance of 10 pupils and an existence of six months, without any limitation as to the distance of the nearest school, has therefore been frained on a much less strict basis than the English code. If upper primary schools with less than 30 pupils were excluded in conformity with the English Code, 1,013 out of 3,026, or more than one-third the total number, would ceaso to bo returned. 93. The results of the upper primary scholarship examination of 1888 for boys are tabulated below for each division:

·Upper Primary Scholarship Examination for boys, 1888. NOWE OP INSTITUTIONS SENDING BIAWNER. NUIBBB OP EXAYIRES. NCYBER PASSED, RACI OB CEKED QP PAE MH04 Institutions under public management. Aided institutions. Other institutionu. Total. Institutions onder pablic manage ment. Aided institations. Otber Private institutions, students, Total, Aborige ndet. DITIHOR. Compotiug schools. Sicoonstul schools. Competing schools. Sucoessful schools. Competing schools. Successful achools. Computing sohools. inccessful schoola. Institutions under public man. agenant. Aided institutionn. Other institutions. Privato studonta, First division. Socond division. Third division. First division. Second division. Third division. Bricond division. First division. Third division, first division, Second division. Third division. Second division. Native Christians (non-uborig. inal). Third division. First division. Europeans and Eurasiani. Total. Hindus. Mahomodano. Christiane Non-Christians. Other 1 Presidency ... 262 203 .. ... .... 10 628 26 272 207 39 693 *** ... 63 131 160 : ... I. 534 139 178 $46 ... .. 406 Calcutta ... ...... 1 2 ... : 2 *** 1 1 .. NO 2 7 . ... et Baruwan ... 554 457 12 12 556 449 1,324 ... 29 51 1,414 ... 131 277 383 3 17 .. .. 15 131 288 $15 .. 810 1 no Rajshahye 2 2 227 148 ...44 229 150 9 494 7 510 16 72 160 ... 167. ... 76 165 135 122 .. ... OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. R! ... Dacca 293 208 I. -- 36 343 51 0. ..... 24 ... 740 134 65 939 ... 80 166 14. , 1730 27 6 15 97 192 181 ... 402 71 ... . ... Chittagong 145 ... 116 .... 11 158 12: 384 20 474 ... 87 96 52 QI .. 9 10 111 67 I.. 210 50 10 Patna 1 151 99 157 103 380 0 1 16 76 80 3 10 1 11 16 && 95 190 9 Bhagulpore 127 UR. .. 139 79 323 9 27 364 ... 29 65 54 1 30! 59 61 118 18 . Orissa 6 179 145 1 187 162 16 532 24 576 99 125 87 ... 1 ... 110 141 92 --- ... . Orissa Tributary Mebals. 16 13 23 19 15 30 03 12 17 6 .. 19 11 1 12 15 Chota Nagrore. 58 39 ... 45 1,5 179 4.II. ... 13 46 38 هم 1 47 39 73 13. 1 ZH Total 16 16 ... 1,399 1,430 10S 78 2,122 1,572 436,003 272 334 5,652 6 15 539 1,038 | 1,153 31 5966 1151) 79 535 1,102 1,309 2,686 382 6 11 N, B.-Six bundred and dine secondary schools sent up 2.451 candidates to this examination, and 1,645 candidates from 625 schools were successful. These have been excluued from the foregoing statement. • Exclusive of one candidate passed from guru-training classes, + Includes one girl passed from a boys' school. 59 ZDUOATION PRMARY ·60 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR PRIMARY XDUCATION. + Out of 2,122 competing upper primary schools, 1,572 were successful, against 2,147 and 1,469 in the preceding year. Of 5,318 candidates from these schools, 2,916 were successful, against 5,598 and 2,807 respectively. The proportion of success for both schools and candidates was therefore bigher. The Burdwan Division passed the largest number of candidates. The upper primary scholarship examination for each Division is held under the orders of the Circle Inspector concurrently with that for the award of middle scholarships. 94. Lower Primary Schools. These schools have advanced from 45,337, to 45,595, and their pupils from 965,214 to 991,090. The following statement gives the comparative statistics for each division during the past two years: Distribution of Lower Primary Schools for Nativc Boys in 1887 and 1888, 18R6-87. DIVIBION. ... ... ... ... ... ... Rchools. 4.488 122 9,332 2,766 5.968 4,610 4.944 3.382 1,498 7.274 053 Presidoncy Calcutta Burdwan Rajshahye Ducca Chittagong Patna Bhagalpore Chota Nagporo Orissa Orissa Tributary Melials Total Pupila. 126.332 5,870 213,272 59,860 135,705 107,267 97,385 58,377 41),047 107,854 13,2.16 1887-88. Sohnols, Pupils. 4,520 128,221 120 6,942 9.454 218,496 2,500) 56,237 6,1198 144,341 4.286 99,244 5.555 111,981 3,377 66,632 1,480 41,512 7,196 106 396 1,013 13.098 .. .. .. ... ... ... ... ... .. 45.337 965,214 45.695 091,099 The largest gain is in the Patna Division, where it has been helped by the reduction of 200 upper primary schools to this class. The number of pupil s in aided schools fell, under tho reductions of 1885-86, from 144,000 to 102,000; and the subsequent gain of 10,000 pupils shows that the small schools in Behar are gradually making way. The Mahomedan maktabs that were lost in the same year have mostly re-appeared under the name and heading of Koran schools. The Dacca, Burdwan and Presidency Divisions and the Orissa Tributary Mchals also show an increase, while there has been a considerablo loss in the Rajshahye and Chittagong Divisions and smaller roductions elsewhere. Mr. Bellett, Inspector of Schools, states that the decrease of 266 schools and 3,623 pupils in the Rajshahiyo Division took place in the districts of Pubna, Rajshahiye, and Julpigori. In Julpigori it is alleged that the District Board took no steps to aid any primary schools during the year. “Hence," writes the Deputy Inspector, a good many of these quite disappeared, and no new schools came into existence; though a few of the closed schools reappeared towards the close of the yoar, when it trauspired that the District Board were going to give aid to such as were in existence.” In Pubna the loss of 25 schools is due to the disiappearance of night schools, which were discounten. unced by the Board. In the Rajshahye district the loss is very great; aided schools have decreased from 578 to 291, and their pupils from 11,901 to 7,490. This result is due to the Board's policy of doing away with the system of rewards, and of confining aid by means of stipends to the best 50 upper primary and 250 lower primary schools. The rest either disappeared or were transferred to the unaided class. The following explanation of the docrease of 325 schools and 8,013 pupils from the class of aided public primaries in Chittagong is given by the Assistant Inspector:- "There was a decrease of 327 lower primary schools in Tipperah, where the private institutions giving elemontary instruction increasod by 336. The rewards for a lower standard thau that prescribed by the Department were discontinued. This caused several maktabs to givo up tonching Bengali; so tliny fell to the class of private institutions, to whiob olass were also transfo:red several schools with less than 10 pupils that were in the previous year olassed as public lower primaries. In Chittagong thero was loss of 49 lower primary schools. The Deputy Inspector does not beliove that there can be any large actual increase or deorease of schools now after the primary scheme has been 16 years at work. There is a large stook of indigenous muktabs in the district; the number of schools in a year may appear more or less, as more or less of these are returned by the Sub-Inspectors. This remark is equally applioable to all the districts of the Division."

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 61 PROTARY EDUCATION. The loss of the maktabs teaching elementary Bengali is not so serious as it might appear, because a very large proportion of primary schools in the Chittagong district spring from this origin; and those that have disappeared are evidently the lowest fringe of the class. 95. The following table shows the attendance and expenditure in lower primary schools for native boys from all sources during the past year :- Attendance and Expenditure in Lower Primary Schools for. Native Boys during 1887-88. EXPENDITURE. Number CLASS OY SCHOOL.. Number pupils on the rolls on the 3180 Murch 1888. schools. Average FROM PUBLIC FONDS. Average number daily on thn rolls attendunico. luonthly. Proin From From provin. munici. district (In! pal fuudy. revenuos. Sunds. From privata funds. Total. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. 10 136 604 143 Stics 3X3 188 15 210 ... ...... Lowor Primary Schools. Maintuined by the Department Ditto by Municipal and Distriot Roardı. Aided by the Department or hy Municipal or Distriot Boards. Una dod 37,430 840,823 625,045 85,088 2,72,978 786,703 122,9/08 6 670 1,113 1,859 6,710 | 14,18,005 17,82,790 2,57,311 2,57,311 7,892 10,76,322 20,42,130 8,1410 140,707 102,947 ...... ...... ... Total 15,603 991,099 010,144 728.176 85,752 2,73,224 The expenditure from provincial revenues and district funds taken to. gether was KB. 3,58,976 against Rs. 3,83,287 in the preceding year. The expenditure from other sources (including municipal contributions) was Rs. 16,83,154. The Government share of the cost of a lower primary school was thereforo 17.5 per cent. The schools are thus maintained by the people themselves with a little assistance from public funds, the proportion of such assistance being largest in those tracts which had originally no indigenous system of their own. 96. The following table classifies lower primary schools for boys, division by division, according to their numerical strength : Louer Primary Schools for Boys. 8 10 B 6 2 1 3 School4 with 60 schools with 40 Schools with 30 pupils unit purple and less pupils and loses inore. than 50. than 40. Schools with 20 pupils and loss tlun 30, Schools with 10 pupils and less thani 20. Srihools with less than 10 pupils. Total number of schouls. DIVISIO28. Total number o pupils. Ararage number of pupils in a lower pridiary school, Schools. Puri's. Schools. Schools, Pupils. $40 1,531 1,308 20,376 93 49-5 1... ... 128,231 5,942 218,496 805,237 144,341 ... .. 4,020 120 9,451 4,500 6,095 4,285 8,605 3,877 1,480 7,196 1,013 308 47 397 42 187 119 178 97 127 7 1 22,352 3,35 2 1.030) 2,297 11,340 7,053 101),19:41 6, Klin 7,677 Prosidenoy Culcutta Burdwan Rajshahyo. Da och Chittagong Patna Bhagulpore Chota Nagpore Orlasa Orissa Tributary Pohali Total 18.238 878 1,337 23,-430 1,169 :3,9137 14,741 1,015 10,303 651 96,3101 617 4,22 280) 6,843 2005 680) 133 171 29,651 78. 3:1,513 11,119 31,0:1 %1,335 10,917 11,381 8,935 4,339 2,021 1,001 2,03+ 1,472 1,150 790 4,90 1,0918 30,010 351 64,0019 23,747 48,375 34,585 27,546 18,710 11,089 21,5 1,983 91 339 211 218 97 167 14 4,758 1,003 2,720 1,402 3,446 2,113 +33 0,944 738 2396 29.1 20:1 66,86:1 15,177 35,0763 25,103 47,219 27,704 6,45 76,089 9,019 .. re... 111.981 65,632 41,512 1114,3936 13,098 50. 28°04 117 13 9 ... 1.41 1,031 21,106 330,501 1,051 217 292,657 48,395 991,000 170,037 19,2:17 2,109 1,870 95,677 94,296 5,313 The largest number of schools with 50 pupils and upwards was returned from the Burdwan and Presidency Divisions, and the largest number with less than 20 pupils from Orissa and the Burdwan Division. The Calcutta schools show the highest average attendance, the second and third places boing occupied by the Presidency and Chota Nagpore Divisions. The Orissa schools are the snjallest. If the provisions of the English Code were applied to Bengal, and schools with less iban 30 pupils excluded from the returns, 36,544 schools out of 45,595, or more than 80 per cent., would cease to be returned. 97. The followiog table gives the results of the lower primary scholarship examination for native boys in 1888, division by division :- ·EDUCATION. Lover Primary Scholarship Ecamination for Boys, 1888. 62 NUMBER OY INSTITUTIONS SKIDING BSAYISIES. NCYBER OP BXAXIMERS. NOXBBB PASIED. RACK OR CRRED OT PASSED SCHOLARS. Ingvitations under public management. Aided institutions. Other institutions. Total. Public Institutions under public management. Aided institutions, Other institutions. Private students. Total. Abori final naccs. DITI810X6. Competing schools. Buccanyful schools. Competing schools. Successful schools. Competing schools. Sucuessful schools. Competing schools, Successful schools. under Institutions management. Aided institutions. Other institutions. Private students. Second Division. First Division. Third Division. Second Division. First Division. Third Division, Natiro Obristiano (non-abort- Mahomedans. glual). Christiana. Non-Christianı. Second Division. First Division. Third Division. Second Division. First Division. Third Division, Sooond Division. First Division, Europeans and Eurasians. Third Division. Totul. Hindas. Othern, 501 333 1,158 877 26 70 20 28 1,008 22 Presidency 691 475 697 313 5 713 ... . 3,048 1,036 3 ... . ... ... ... . ... do ... ... I. Calcutta .. ... ... ...... .. ..! .... 30 8.349 146 8 ... Burdwan . . 2,283 1,351 1 2,265 ...... 699 11,358 1,458 1,352 3 2,176 6,297 108 .... 617|1,3991,489 ... ... . ... REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 538 700 1 ... Rajshabye 694 367) 599 879 2,415 17 ... 1 365 2,453 1,102 886 735 802 Dacos 689 1,149 o 1,145 4 740 17 ! 3,198 3,923 695 793 6 12 817 162 517 ... 1 ... 8 140 276 Chittagong 519 1,687 131 277 8 313 1,730 33 NO 1 ... ... D. 68 35 1,741 · 1,869 680 3,828 428 1.853 '1,819 i 650 OD 1,486 IM 1,119 Patna ... 1,486 ... 7,572 217 7,789 1,119 .. ... ... .. ... ... 980 ' 1,808 93 68 1,691 577 67 Bhagalpore 887 1,940 993 716 ... ... 993 4,026 ...... 716 238 . ... 4 1.378 500 1,017 664 2,087 1,378 4,773 Oriss 1,017 4,773 664 2,087 ... . • . I. I. 1 0.00 ... . ... 183 75 243 . Orissa Tributary Mobals 9 49 8 31 8385 73 19 63 191 120 126 180 72 19 S05 8 . ... 30 187 1941 971 190 647 "488 497 Chota Nagpore 190 647 271 1,.589 1,689 000 ... . . ...... ...... *** CO . 7,097 9,075 3,789 * 30 11 .3. 10 10,253 8,982 115 86 10,579 7,087 88,352 278 655 ! 37, 469 16759 8,823 2676 | 188 198 18 30 7 10 ... N.B.-Two hundred and seventy-six high or middle English or middle vemacalar schools sent up 1,295 candidates to this examination, and 720 candidates from 99 schools were goodsatel One thousand and seventy-ove upper primary schools sent op 4,240 candidates to this examination, and 2,005 candidates from 180 schods were successful. Au there have been excluded from the kargoing statements • Includes 7 girls passed from boys' school ·PRIMARY DOCATIOA. YHALS. Buceowful schools. Onddida tes. ... ... ...... .. ...... 1878.79 1879--0 1880-81 1881.82 1882.83 1883-84 1884-85 1886-88 1886.87 1887-88 .. Namber paus sed. 7,985 11,864 13,951 16,131 16,852 20.011 21,500 20,018 20,275 18,845 24,163 26,293 29,368 39,798 40,706 43 410 38,443 34,561 ... ... 8,129 7,589 7,193 7,087 ... ... ... ... ... OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 63 98. The following statement compares the results of the lower primary scholarship examination for the last ton years :- Competing schools. 6,053 16,910 7.620 7,887 8,283 10,387 10,979 11,406 10,794 9,639 10,379 37,459 While there has boon an increase in the number of successful candidates from the Presidency, Rajshahye, Bhagulpore, and Chota Nagpore Divisions and the Orissa Tributary Mehals, tho Burdwan, Dacca, Chittagong, Patna, and Orissa Divisions show a remarkablo decrease. The Assistant Inspector of the Burdwan Division states that there was a declino in every district; and he attributes it to a common cause, namely, lax supervision of schools by the Sub-Inspectors. Owing partly to a chango of masters, and partly to the operation of the 20-mile rule in regard to travelling allowances, these officers, he believes, no longer displayed the same personal zeal as before in the improvement of the schools entrusted to their charge. The decrease in the Dacca and Patna Divisions is not accounted for in the divisional report, but there is reason to believe that it is due to the greator strictness of tho examination. Throughout the Eastern Circle a common examination has been held for the last three years; candidates in all districts being examined by the same papers, under the control of the Circle Inspector. The result for the past year in the Chittagong Division is that there has beon great improvement in Noakhali, and a considerable decline in Tipperah and Chittagong. The District Board of Chittagong attributes the inforior result to the stiffness of the questions, and to the rule that requires a candidate to secure ono.fourth igarks in each subject and two-fifths of the aggregato. This explanation suggests the inference that the prescribed percentage of marks has not always boen observed in some districts, and it is not surprising that the sırict application of the rule has affected the results. In Orissa the decrease is attributed to greater strictness in valuing ihe answers, and also to the exclusion of big boys from the competition for scholarships. The necessity of holding a comunon examination for all the districts of a division for the award of lower primary scholarships is admitted more or less fully in almost all the reports. Under the rules tho examination is carried on by cach District Board for itself, and there is often a startling difference betwocn the standards adopted in various districts. But the divisional system of examination is in force without objection in the Eastern Circlo; and it might by an alteration of the rules be extended to other parts of Bengal. There is no doubt that such a change would conduce to greater uniformity in the standard of examination. The Education Commission's recommendation on this point is “ that native and other local energy be relied upon to foster and manage all education as far as possible, but that the results be tested by departmental agency” (VII. 9). The soundness of this recommendation is not opeu to doubt. 99. In the following summary are shown the distribution of upper and lower primary schools in each division, with the number of successful candidates at the scholarship examinations:- DIVISION Uppor primary sohiols. Lowor primary schouls, ... II. ... 469 7016 336 517 232 20 179 75 263 Passod at uppár printry cxamination, 380 834 257 473 270 199 160 101 343 12 Presidency Burdwan Rajshahyo Dacca Chittagong Patna Bhagulporo Ohota Nagpore Orissa Orissa Tributary Mehals ... Pansou ut lower primary Exnininutiou. 1,636 3,505 1,299 1,491 494 4,254 2,335 928 2,751 202 .. 4,520 9.451 2,500 6,1.95 4,285 5,5616 3,377 1,480) 7,496 1,013 ... Total 3,021 3,049 45, +75 18,8-15 ·64 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR PRIAARY EDOCATION. 1 The exceptionally high place occupied by the Patna Division (4,254 capdidates passed the lower primary examination from 5,556 schools. compared with the much more advanced division of Burdwan (3,505 passed from 9,454 schools) shows that the standard for passing is still very low, and that the reduction in the number of successful candidates last year by nearly 1,000 indicates a further attempt to raise it. Indeed, within the last three years the number of successful candidates in the Patna Division has fallen from 6,864 tu 4,254, in consequence of the continuous rise in standard. 100. In the report for 1885.86 grounds were shown for the belief that the rule excluding small, temporary, and backward schools from the reward examinations had operated in some measure to the injury of efficient schools, as shown by the fact that the total number of successful schools and candidates at the lower primary examination had fallen off since its introduction. It is now ascertained that the inferenco was not a valid ono, An analysis of the returns shows that the reduction in the division of Patna alone exceeded the total decrease; and that in other parts of Bengal there was a more than equivalent increase in the number passing. The diminution was therefore to be ascribed, not to the closing of efficient schools, but to the greater stringoncy of the test applied to schools in Behar. Further, while there was certainly in 1885-86 a decrease of 542 in the number of schools that succeeded at the lower primary examination, there was also an increase of 581 in that of successful schools at the upper primary stage; and since, under the Bengal rules, a school has to make its choice, and cannot send candidates for both the upper and the lower scholar. ship, it follows that there was (notwithstanding the reduction in Behar) no loss whatever in tho total number of efficient primary schools, and a very marked advance in their quality. 101. The following table shows the classification of lower primary schools for each division according to the standards attained by them :- Statement showing the Clussification of Loreer Primary Schools for 1887-88. IMMY Number of schools that sond pr pilu to the lower primary scholarship, asuininnliou. Those that are below tha lower primary standard, but roud printod books, Those in whichi no printed books art reud. Total. Number NUMBER OF PUPILS PASSED BY Number of Jowa prinary schools finnined for rewards, Numler of NUCCO88- DIVIGION. pupile pirementet for exam inution. schools. Schools. Pupils. Schools. Pupils. schools. Pupils. Soliools. Pupils. Standard A. Standard B. Total. 1.802 03,237 110 3,718 47,068 3,714 8,809 24,807 33,470 ... .... ... ..... .. Prandency Calcutta kurd wun Rajshahye Jucca Chittagong Patna Bha 'ulporo Chota Nugporo Orissa Do. Tribn. tary Mebals, Total 9,321 1,108 1,6033 1,299 2,328 1,650 600 2,089 129 2,621 120 6.13.3 142,853 1,815 27,3%. 4,40: 63.78.1 60.180) 42.868 1,459 25,150) 870 19,301 6:,027 533 7,250 05,642 28,210 40,77 35,417 88.493 3+,827 21,034 86,65% 2,210 7,094 1,729 2,961 2,997 47 101 7403 7!!1 Stin 4,520 128,221 120) 5,90 9,15215995 2.511) 56,57 15,195 1+4,811 4,243 90,243 6,657 111.9181 9,377 115,632 1,480 41,312 7,1:46 11,3:10) 1,013 13,0:18 7014 8,789 12,417 11,14: 5,555 227 2,717 3,63 7,937 1,751 3,014 2,176 4,07:) 1,773 77,639 2:,593 95,5% 24,4110 49.431 15,002 3,15* 49,18% 5,081 11,320 6.838 12,888 3,279 12,109 987 80 8,103 633 83,128 11,785 14,980 7,043 13,05 4,865 948 19,794 47, 4:50 18,021 27,898 10,821 30,713 8,888 1,487 18.896 3,082 5,300: HIS 1.062 254 6,258 682 352 16,702 123,250 27,082 0:37,277 2,751 +0,536 45,505 9111.01.) 30,027 330,031 $0,270 87,770 182,110 119,8RO NOTB.-lu thuis statement only boys' lowor priuiry schools and the pripile ultending thom are shown. The first and second standards are the •same for all districts alike, and are the only two standards recognised for purposes of reward below that of the lower primary scholarship. They are as follows: A, or Higher. B, or Lower. 1. Reading 50 pages of Bodhoday, or an equivalent 1. Reading a printod primer, such as Sishasiksha, book. l'art III, or an equivalont book. 2. Dictation, handwriting, reading of manuscript 2. Dictation, handwriting ; repetition of prose and documents (such as kabuliyats, pottalis, poetry receipts, and forms of contract); repetition of 3. Tables of rupees, apnas, and pice, maunds and prose aud poetry. Boers, &c., with the proper signs after the 3. The first four rules of arithmetic, Europoan native method. method. 4. Moutal arithmetic, after the native method. 4. Weights, measures, wages, &c., i.r., subhunkari and bazar accounts after the native method. 5. Mental arithmetic, European and native methods.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 65 PRIMARY BDUCATION. These examinations for rewards are conducted in situ in the Presidency and Chota Nagpore Divisions and at central gatherings in all other parts of the country. In the districts of Dacca, Backergunge, Mymensingh, and Noakhali, the examination was conducted by local committees at all the centres in each district on the same day, without any supervision by departmental officers. Such a system has the advantage of preventing the same boys from being presented for examination at different centres successively, as it is known they can be and have been when the examination is held at different places on different dates ; but it has, on the other hand, the disadvantage of placing the conduct of examinations in the hands of an agency nct specially trained for the work, and thus of rendering any fair comparison between difforent centres impossible. Again, the rewards payable to gurus and pupils on the result of examinations so conducted are thus virtually left to be determined by persons whose responsibility ceases the moment the examination is over. Central examinations have many points to recommend them, provided always they are conducted under trained and responsible superintendence. 102. Some of the inspecting officers havo shown in their annual reports the proportion of gurus who hold certificates of proficiency of one kind or another. In the Burdwan Division, which, in some respects, represents primary education in its most advanced form, 81 por cent. of the gurus of upper primary schools are certificated teachers. In the lower primary schools of tho division, however, the proportion of certificated teachers is only 23 per cent. The information as regards the other divisions is incomplete ; but it may be assumed that in every division the upper primary schools are in charge of the best educated gurus, and that it will take years before any largo proportion of the teachers of lower primary schools reach a similar standard of efficiency. The new classes for training gurus in connection with middle schools will, it is hoped, gradually enable such of the gurus as are willing to improve themselves to pass some departmental test. At any rate, the necessity for starting theso classes is made quite clear from the fact that 77 per cent. of the gurus in such an adyanced part of the country as the Burdwan Division hold no certificates and have had no special training. It is not that they are insufficiently educated ; for one of the alleged reasons why native methods of arithmetic are less well taught than before is that so many of the gurus come from upper primary and middle schools. The new guru classes will gradually give them tho necessary training in subjects that are somewhat noglected. VI. SPECIAL INSTRUCTION. SPECIAL 103. Under this head are included (a) training schools for teachers, (b) all other institutions for professional, technical and industrial education. The following table compares the figures for the last two years :-- INSTRUCTION. 1880-87. 1887-88. OĻA88 OP INSTITUTION8. Schools. 22 ... ... ... Training schools for masters Ditto for mistressos Guru-training classos attached to middle schools School of Art Law schools Medical schools Engineering and surveying schools Industrial schools Othor schools Pupils. 1,193 142 299 152 1,078 965 356 792 289 104 1 10 10 4 16 10 Schoola, 22 6 155 1 10 T 4 13 6 Pupils. 982 169 640 158 1,172 887 423 619 165 ... ... Total 180 5,266 223 5,005 The number of training schools increased from 26 to 27, by the conversion of the unaided boarding school for girls at Bankoora under the Wesleyan Mission, included in the last report under the head of “ other schools," into an unaided training school for mistresses. The Berlin Mission aided training school for masters at Ranchi was returned as a middle school, and the middlo school at Pachamba as a training school, so that there was no change in the total number. The guru-training classes, attached under the new system to middle schools, increased from 104 to 154, and the gurus under instruction from 299 to 534. An unaided guru-training class attended by six students was also returned from the Chittagong Division. 1 ·66 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR . . BPXCIAL INSTRUCTION, The medical schools declined from ten to seven, the three unaided medical schools in Calcutta noticed in the last report not having furnished returns The number of industrial schools foll from 15 to 13, one school being closedy threo failing to furnish returns, while two new schools were opened during the year. Other schools” declined from ten to six. The three Sanskrit tola in Chittagong, wrongly entered under this head in the last report, have now been shown as indigenous schools. The Pooroo Sanskrit School, the Madhabani Sanskrit School, and the Rivers Thompson Gautama Patshala have similariy been transferred to indigenous education, since their object is to teach Sanskrit as it is taught in tols. The Bankoora girls' The Bankoura girls' school has been returned as a training school; while two music schools were started at Bishenpore and Balasore respectively, and a special school was opened at Mozufferpore, Twelve madrassas, besides the Joraghat Madrassa, now returned as a middle English school, have been eliminated from tho foregoing table and noticed in the section on Mahomedan education. A.-TRAINING SCHOOLS. 104. The The subjoined statement gives the chief statistics regarding these institutions : BXPENDITURB. Namber of schools. Numbor of ipupals. From public funds. Trofil From From From provincial district municipal privato Tuvi tuies. funds. funds. Tunds. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Total R.. 16 756 65,201 1,321 949 67,471 .. ... ..... 6 4 226 143 5,075 6,120 10.367 13,836 16,442 18,966 Government training schools For masters Aided training schools For masters mixtrosses ... Unaided training schools For mistresses Guru-training classes attached to middle schools Governnicut Unaided 1 16 818 818 II.... 154 1 1 534 6 1,914 1.915 ...... ...... ...... Total 182 1,681 77,310 1,322 25,970 1,01,602 ... The number of schools rose from 130 with 1,634 pupils to 182 with 1,681 pupils ; but the total cost declined from Rs. 1,05,231 to Rs. 1,04,602, owing to reduced expenditure in aided training schools for masters, both from Government and from private sources. Thore was an increaso of Rs. 976 in the expenditure on guru-training classes. 105. The following statement shows the attendance and expenditure in the different grades of training schools, whether departmental, aided, or unaided. Schools of the first grado prepare students through a three-years' courso, those of tho second grade through a two-years' course, and those of the third grade through a course lasting six months or a year:- Number of pupils on 314 March EXPENDITURE, 1887-88. NAME OF SOTTOUL. 1887. 1898. From publio funds. Frosa private tunde. Total Rs. Rs. Rs. Ra. .. 200 10...6 0.... 70 107 116 71 08 ... .. . ..... 89 606 80 1.OU. 111 133 75 60 76 1 ... 8,465 10,4-12 9,186 5,828 4.880 10,857 2.896 5,484 8,003 10,625 9,040 6,500 6,985 10,357 2890 8,888 ... .. ..... ... ...... ... FOR MAST8B8. Government. First grade 1. Calcutta 2. Hooghly 3.. Dacca 4. Rungporo 6. Chittagong 6. Patna 7. Kanchi 8. Cuttack... Decoud krade- 1. Jalpaiguri Third grude 1. Saidabad 2. Baltonganj 3. Haldipukur Puri 8. Balasore 0. Augud 7. Motibari DO. ...od 22 61 BU 486 . ... 789 .. .... SO 89 2,519 ST .. .. ... 64 48 . ... .. ...... 110 ... ... ... 084 405 ..... ... . ... ... 6 12 12 16 28 18 10 10 14 0 18 25 18 13 ... ... to.. 484 1,246 1,808 1,070 721 ...... . ... ... 855 . . I.. . 2,807 2070 1,076 67,471 Total 716 700 05,901 1,981 . 940 ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 67 SPROIAL Number of pupils on 81st Marok EXPENDITURE, IN TRUOTION. ..: Nin or 'SCIOOL.. 1887. 1868. From public funds. From privato funds. Total. Rs. Bs. Ks. Rs. ... ... ...... 4,050 17 . ..... ..... 16 105 151 1,200 1,800 1,880 900 883 4,168 2,700 Hot Mast RS. Aldade 1. Barraokpore Wesleyan School 4. Krishnugar O. M. 8. Training School 8. Bhimpur Nonthal Traininy School 4. Gholn Training School (Bishenpur) 3. Darliling Mission Training Schoul Borlin Mission Nchool, Ranchi (a) 8. Pachnabl Training School (frou Ohuroh) (6). Total 2,850 2,953 1,300 118 2,720) ... ...... 100 ...... .... 27 2:1 714 2,118 ...... ..... ...... .... 86 342 1,005 1,407 .VII. ... 477 220 85,075 ... 10),367 15,412 - FOR HISTRESSED. Aidod 1. Dam.Dum Wesleyan School 2. Church of England Zenana Mission Normal School. 8. Free Churoh Normulenhool 4. Krishnagar Kowau Catholio Boarding Bohool. 12 15 .... 2-6 18 600 1,020 1,884 7,967 2,496 9,887 ...... ..... 36 79 39 02 2,010 000 2,283 1,70% 4,283 2,302 Total 112 143 8,120 1..... ...... 13,830 18,956 Unaidad. 1. Bankura Wesleyan School (0) GRAND TOTAL 16 HIS 818 ... ...... ..... 1,335 1,141 70,390 1,921 25,970 1,02,087 ...... (1) Keturned as a middle school this year. (6) New schools. 106. The following table shows the results of the vernacular mastership examination for 1888. Cortificates of the first, socond or third grade are given to students of three, two and one year's standing respectively. A certificato is classed as high, medium or low according to the marks obtained: FIRST GRADE CERTIFICATEN. SKCONI) GRADE CERTIFICATE. TITIRD GRADE CERTIFICATER. TUTJI.. NAME OD 8CHOOL. 0 Candilates. 48.00 AUT Total. Passeu. 10 91 ... 20 13 16 344 19 2 3! 23 ... 20 25 400 17 18 16 21 30 ll 6 6 x 1 2 7 16 7 10 13 21 SI 10 21 8 13 19 ... Onicutta Hooghly Dacca Chittagong Kunxporo Julpigori Krishnasar Private studen .. 1 43 87 12 18 40 20 10 3 13 23 6 102 107 13 48 10 53 23 0 . 111 13:3 60 02 12 115 67 20 21 3 B 13 VO. ... ... 1 1 11 4 8 ... ... ... H. 10 2 .. .. . 10. 90 7 7 5 6 ... Total 130 73 99 173 4 96 212 9 61 80 139 626 103 Out of a total of 626 candidates 403 were successful, against 386 out of 180 in the previous year. The efficiency of these institutions as sources of supply for the teaching staff of middle schools is measured by the number of first grade certificates, that is, of candidates passing out successfully after the full course of three years. The number so passing was 99, against 103 in 1887. It will be remembered that the number of middle schools, English and vernacular, is nearly 2,000. If all the passed candidates accepted service, they would bo sufficient to provide for the vacancies periodically arising in middle schools ; but it is known that a considerable proportion betake themselves to other occupations, and the outlay on their education is lost to the Department. No means have yet been devised for preventing this evil. The Dacca Training School turned out the largest numbor of successful candidates, Hooghly standing second, and Calcutta third. The schools stood in the samo relative order in regard to tho number both of first-grade certificates and of candidates passing in the "high" division. Each of those schools passed more candidates than in the year beforo. Thero was a decrease in the number that passed from the Chittagong and Rungpore schools, and an increase in the Julpigori and Krishnagar schools, as well as in the number of successful private candidates. Tho Patna, Ranchi and Outtack schools, in which the vernacular is other than Bengali, do not send candidates to the general examination. The examinati The examination of each of these schools is conducted by a local Committee, and certificates are granted in accordanco with its recommendations. 1 2 ·68 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR SPECIAL INSTRUCTION, 107. GOVERNMENT TRAINING SCHOOLS.-Some additional information regarding the training schools is given below for purposes of record. It is con. sidered of importance that the pupils of each school should be drawn from all the districts which it serves Calcutta Training School. Of the 75 pupils, 62 were stipend-holders and 13 pay-students. Nine of the pupils came from the 24-Pergunnahs, 16 from Nuddea, 2 from Jessore, 16 from Khoolna, 10 from Mourshedabad; 1 from Calcutta, 15 from the Burdwan Division, 5 from the Eastern distriots, 1 from Rajshahye and i from Manbhoom. As in the As in the previous year, there were 50 boarders in the attached boarding establishment. The school showed some improvement in the last vernacular mastership examination, but its condition is not quite satisfactory. Of the 65 successful candidates, only one passed in the "high" division. Ilooghly Training School.—The school sustained a heavy loss in the death of its late head pandit, Kali Prasanna Vidyaratna. Of the 111 pupils on the rolls, 15 were from Ilooghly, 4 from Howrah, 32 from Burdwan, 21 from Bankoora, 12 from Birbhoom, 22 from Midnapore, 3 from Moorshedabad, 1 from Nuddea, and 1 from Rajshahyo. The sum of Rs. 300 was spent monthly in stipends to 99 students, at rates varying from Rs. 2 to Rs. 4, and to two pupil. teachers at Rs. 5 a month. Almost all the passed students of the third-year class obtained employment. Dacca Training School. Of the 133 students at the close of tho year, 41 were from the Dacca district, 47 from Buckergunge, 11 from Furreedpore, 9 from Mymensingh, 22 from Tipperah, 2 from Sylhet, and 1 from Pubna. Only 1 boy among the 133 was a Mahomedan. There were 7 stipend-holders of Rs. 5, 16 of Rs. 4 and 52 of Rs. 3 a month. The number of fee-paying students rose from 41 to 58. At the general examination of the third-year classes, a student from this school occupied che highest place and obtained the Woodrow medal. Chittagong Training School.-Of the 60 pupils on the rolls, 41 were natives of Chittagong, 12 came from Noakholly, 4 from Dacca, and 3 from other districts. Forty-seven pupils were stipend-holders and 13 pay-students. Rungpore Training School.-It had on its rolls on the 31st March 75 pupils, 13 of whom were in the guru-training class. Thert were 53 Hindus and 22 Mahomcdans. In the pundit classes 19 pupils camo from Rung. pore, 7 from Bogra, 10 from Rajshahyo, 1 from Julpigori, avd 25 from districts outsido the division. All the pupils of the guru class, with one exception, belonged to Rungpore. Of 14 who appeared at the guru class examination, 13 passed, all of whom are now employed as masters. There were 25 boarders on the establishment, the cost connected with these boarders consisting only of the wages of servants, and amounting to Rs. 150 a year. Cuttuck Training School. Of the 43 students in the pundit department, 25 were holders of normal school stipends, four were middle vernacular scholarship-holders, and the rest paying pupils. Of the 43 students, 23 belong. ed to Cuttack, 10 to Puri, 3 to Balasore, and 7. to the Tributary States. Five out of 12 students passing out last year from the third-year class have been en ployed as teachers and inspecting pundits. The numerical strength of the guru department was 26, against 12 in 1887. This increase was due to the grant of Rs. 72 a inonth made by tho Cuttack District Board for the training of 18 additional guru students. During the year under roview 37 students of the guru department passed the final guru examination. Julpigori Training School. Of the 12 pupils in the pundit classes, 7 camo from Julpigori, 1 from, Dinajpore, 1 from Bogra, 1 from the Darjoeling Terai, and 2 from the Dacca Division. In the guru class there were 22 pupils. All tlie pupils of the guru-training class came from the Julpigori district, and 10 of them from the Bhutan Duars. Two pupils were admitted towards the close of the year from the extreme east of the district. There wero 5 Mech pupils, for whom it is expected that work will be found when their training is com pleted. All the 15 candidates from the guru class with one exception passed the final examination. There were 32 boarders. Mr. Bellett thinks that the school is now beginning a new life, and may prove of real value. Saidabad Training School.This school has been in existence for the last four years. The provision of Rs. 360 for ten stipends at Rs. 36 a year is now ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 69 SPECIAL INSTRUCTION. cbargeable to the Normal School grant, and is met by the transfer of Rs. 240 & year from the Kandi Model School and of Rs. 120 a year from the primary grant for departmental schools. On the 31st March last there were 10 pupils, on the rolls, all stipend-holders. The period of study has been raised from six months to a year. Motihari Training School.-The school sent up 14 bona fide gurus to the last apper primary examination, and 9 passed. Daltonganj Training School.-It had on the 31st March last 14 pupilteachers on its rolls, all of whom were actual gurus receiving stipends. At the last two half-yearly examinations, 19 candidatos appeared and 13 passed, all of whom obtained employmont. The school has since been removed to Lohardugga. Haldipukur Training School. This is a third grade normal school, situated in the Dalbhoom pergunnah of the Singbhoom district. It had nine pupil. teachers on its rolls, of whom four were Hindus and five Sonthals. These received stipends of Rs. 2 and Rs. 3 a month. At the two half-yearly examinations 19 candidatos compoted, and 14 passed. The importance of the school has increased with the opening of Sonthal pathsalas in Dalbhoom, for which trained teachers are required. Patna Training School.-Out of 76 pupils 68 were Hindus and 8 were Mahomedans. Twenty of the pupile belonged to Ghazipur in the North- Westorn Provinces, 16 to Patna, 11 to Sarun, 8 to Gya, 7 to Shahabad, 6 to Monghyr, 4 to Mozufferpore, 2 to Durbhunga, 1 to Chumparun and 1 to Purneab. The question has been raised whether stipends should be given to students from the North-Western Provinces. It is maintained that they regularly take service in the neighbouring districts of Behar, sinco the training that they receivo does not exactly conform to the requirements of schools in the North- West. In future such students are to be admitted if guarantees of future service in Behar can be obtained, but not to the exclusion of any Bohari student from the school. During the year under report 18 third-year studonts appeared at the final examination, and all passed; 21 out of 23 second-year students passed, and 32 out of 35 first-year students. All the 14 pupils who passed the final exiimination in 1887 obtained employment during the year. The boarding-house attached to the school contained 42 boarders. Ranchi Training School. Of the 24 pupils on the rolls, 20 were Hin. dus, 2 Mahomedans and 2 aborigines. Seven pupil-teachers of the third-year class appeared at the final examination, and six passed ; some of whom secured appointments in middlo schools. Puri and Balusore Truininy Schools.- These schools have turned out between them 66 certificated gurus. Funds have been sanctioned by Govern. ment for the erection of a boarding-house at Puri and the cnlargement of that at Balasore. Angul Training School. The school scnt 30 candidates to the final guru examination, of whom 25 passcd. 108. Aided Training Schools for Masters.--The Barrackpore Training School is a boarding institution in which teachers aro trained for primary and middle schools under the Wesleyan Mission. The number of pupils was 24, of whom 1 was a Eurasian, 22 were Native Christians, and la Hindu. The boys are taught English and Bengali, but are not prepared for any public examination. The Krishnagar Church Mission Training School is a boarding institution attended by 16.pupils, all Native Christians. The school is doing well under the Reverend J. Santer, but he works with inferior material, as boys aro admitted to the first-year class who have not reached oven the upper priinary standard. Arrangements are in progress for tho admission of Ilindu students to the school. The Bhimpur Sonthal Training School is under the American Baptist Mission. It had on its rolls on the 31st March last 105 pupils, of whom 72 were males and 33 females, against 151, including 38 girls in the girls' department, in the previous year, No tuition-fee is charged ; and about 30 pupils coming from distant places receive daily allowances of a few pice. The course of studies in the male department is the same as that prescribed for the middle vernacular scholarship examination, while in the femalo department it corresponds to the upper primary course. Two Sonthal students wont up to the middle vernacular, * ·REPORT OF THE DIRACTOR SPEOLAL INATBUCTION. FL + TO and one to the upper primary scholarship examination, but none passed. Three girls compóted at the last Uttarpara Hitakari scholarship examination, but none were successful. The training school at Ghola near Bishenpore, under the Wesleyan Mission, was transferred during the year to the sudder station of Bankoora, and is now known as the Bankoora Sonthal Training School. It passed for the first time one Sonthal boy in the upper and another in the lower primary scholarship examination. Tho Darjeoling Mission Training School has been transferred to Kalim. pong. The Pachamba Training School is under the Free Church Mission of Scotland, and is conducted under the grant-in-aid rules. It trains teachers for Sonthal patshalas under the Mission. Two candidates from this institution competed successfully at the last upper primary scholarship examination. 109. Aiäed Training Schools for Mistresses.—The Church of England Zenana Mission Normal School had 18 pupils on its rolls, of whom 15 were Europeans and Eurasians, and three Native Christians. The school is a boarding insti. tution, and each pupil pays Rs. 15 a month for board and education. The Free Church Normal School had 39 pupils, of whom two were Europoans and Eurasians, and the rest Native Christians. This school occasionally prepares candidates for the Entrance and First Arts examinations. The rate of fee is Rs. 2 a month. The Dum-Dum Cantonment Training Girls' School is intended to prepare mistresses for girls' schools under the Wesleyan Mission. It had 24 Christian pupils on the rolls, of whom 6 were boys. Out of 5 girls sent up to the lower primary scholarship examination, one passed in tho first division. Both the girls sent up to the upper primary scholarship examination failed. The Roman Catholic School for mistrosses at Krishnagar is a boarding institution. Of tho 62 Of tho 62 pupils on the rolls, 2 wero Eurasians and 59 Native Christians. 110. Unaided Training School for Mistresses.-The Bankoora Training School for Mistresses is a boarding institution under tho Wesleyan Mission. The roll number incrcased from 12 to 16, namely, 13 girls and 3 boys. The expenditure was Rs. 818, of which Rs. 559 came from the Mission fund, and Rs. 259 from fee-receipts. The teaching of the school does not conform to any departmental standard. The girls learn both English and Bengali. 111. Guru-training classes. The amount sanctioned for the establishment of guru-training classes in connexion with middle schools was Rs. 6,000, as in the precediug year. The sanctioned allotment for each circle was as follows :- Rs. ... .. Presidency Cirolo Western Rajshahyo Jasteru Bubar .. ... 8,000 1,088 600 1,200 1,000 ... O. II. II. ... . Total 8,888 The following table shows the ņumber of gurus under instruction:- Bobools, ... Presidency Division Chota Nagporc Burdwan Orissa Dacra Chittagong Rajshahyo 46 17 9 14 28 17* 80 Papila. 177 81 80 87 67 89 126 ... 1 ... I. ... Total ... 166 640 * Include ono unnided schoul with six pupils. The average number of pupils. to a guru-training class is therefore between 3 and 4. There were no classes in the Behar Circle and the Orissa Tributary Mehals. The scheme has been most vigorously pushed, and the greatest success is anticipated from it, in the Presidency and Rajshahye Divisions ;

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 71 SPECIAL INSTRUOTION. elsewhere it was less fully appreciated. For the current year the grant has been raised from Rs. 6,000 to Rs. 9,000, all of which has been appropriated ; and good hopes are entertained of increased success. In the Sonthal Pergunnahs the gurus under training are henceforth to receive a certain sum, in addition to the payment of one rupee a month made to the teachers. The Inspector of the Presidency Circle has issued tho following instructions to Deputy Inspectors with the viow of securing a further development of the scheme : "The training classes latoly established in connection with middle schools can sucoood only where the Deputy Inspeotor takes a warm personal interest in their welfare. It will therefore be your duty to see that the gurus under training receive from tho middle school teachers such real guidance as may enable thom to pass the midillo or upper primary examination, or the special examination conducted by you under the orders of this office. “It will also be desirable to givo a sort of permanency to a class already established by providing a succession of gurus to be trained in it. Suppose that a middle school has within à circuit of two miles. from it five patshalas, the gurus of which attend tho cláss at present. As soon as the first batch is passed, it will be necessary to move them to a distanco (undor sanotion of proper authority whero nocessary), offering them greater inducements in the shape of stipends, rewards or local income, and to bring over to their patshalas gurus from other parts of the district in order to place thom under the same procoss of training. Such a system of transfers on passing cannot always succoed, but may bo tried in a good many cases with the best results. I am opposed to the transfer of old gurus from their homes, and also of men who are likely to suffor serious pecuniary or other loss. “ Please report for my information from time to time (say overy three months) on tho state of the guru classes and the standards taught in thom. This information will enable me to compare the progress made in different districts and to suggest improvements. “The maximum poriod for which a guru can attond a middle school under tho esisting system being two years, I hopo thut the bettor preparod gurus will attain to tho upper primary standard in the course of the first year of training. At any rato, success at a departmental examination will be reckoned as a better test of a mau's abilities than at the special examination conducted by you, and it will be your duty to move the Magistrate or the Chairman of the District Board to award speoinl rewards to those gurus who pass the examination with credit." The instructions conveyed in this letter are commended to the notice of other inspecting officers. B.-OTIER SCIOOLS OF SPECIAL INSTRUCTION. 112. Under this head are included institutions and departments of institutions teaching law, medicine, and engineering, wlicther affiliated to the University or not; together with the Calcutta School of Art, industrial schools, and other schools of a special character. The usual statistics of the leading institutions are given in the following table:- Statement of Attendance and Expenditure in Schools of Special Instruction in 1987-88. EXPENDITULB. AVERAGE AXXUAL COST ON ETATING EACU POPIL. From pullic funds. Num- Number bor of of pupils innticor on the rolls on the 31st tions, March 1889. Лrorage monthly roll number. I'rons From From private fuuds. Total, Cost to public ſuuds, provincial Munici- Dal Total cost. revonues, funds. Rs Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. A. P. Rs. A. T. 96 82 2,044 . 1 1 .. ..... ..... 79 2,4110) 30 ... 63 14 0 89 11 6 10 8 70) 9 00 ... 31 ..... 2,0+ 073 (a)2,400 (b)2, +(1) 1,314 775 82 97 11 13 .. 1 1 1 19 12 1,319 776 D L. LAW. Government Lar Schools. Hooghly Colloge Krishnagar Dacoa Patna Rajshahyo Barabahaw cöuttack) Total ... Unaided Lar Sohools. Metropolitan Institution City College Ripon Jarannath (Daoca) Total 6 125 140 9,517 07 16 17 9,817 ..... 12 14 10 ..... 808 161 355 SH ...... 119 85 24 inn 6,000 4,800 6,300 1,005 6,000 1,800) 0,500 1,100. ..... . 17 14 4 41 13 4 ...". 1 .... ...... 1,047 950 18 14 3 18,105 ..... 18, 104 27,021 10 TOTAL LAW SCHOOLE 26 2 1 1,172 27,621 1,099 (a) Surplus feos Rs. 435. (4) Ditto Icon 8 618.

·72 REPORT ON THE DIRECTOR * HXPENDITUD. SPECIAL INSTRUOTION. AVRLARI AINDA Oor or soupIXINO WMLIPPE Brom publio fundo. Num. Number of pupils her of institu. on the rollo on the flat tions. March 1888. Averare monthly roll arber. From provincial revenuos. Totul. From private fundu. From Municipal funds. Dant to paablio fund.o. Tomoothie Rs. R&. Rs. Re. Re. Rs. A. P. II.-MIDICINE. Medical College, Caloutta ... Govornmont Modioal Schools. 1 160 104 1, 61,602 ...... 8,786 1,70,897 899 877 8 1 ...... 1 ... ... Sealdab Patne Dacca Cuttack 198 100 220 63 202 111 218 39 42,049 4,053 12,773 4,933 6,604 1.830 7,241 88 48,707 8,888 20,014 8,001 908 1 1 868 88 126 79 941 1 11 58 60 91 18 11 128 88 ...... ..1 1.. Total 689 670 83,802 15,803 79,606 111 14 11 189 10 0 110 Unaided Medioal Schools. 2 188 116 855 888 8 1 01... 7 887 879 2,26,3014 24,893 2,60,197 250 $ 1 286 10 3 Dacca Homeopathic Schools... Total MBDICAL SCHOOLS. 111.-ENGINEERING, Civil Engineering College, Beebporo Government Surooying Schools. 101 150 70,778 ...... A,648 77.421 463 10 11 498 47 ..1... ... ... Daron Patnu Cuttack 116 61 83 116 59 80 2,789 2,740 1,811 1 1 1,884 070 836 4,188 8,119 2,648 24 8 10 48 9 8 22 10 S3 13 87 16 2 83 1 ... .00 ... BEN ... Total 3 289 254 7,3 ; 541... 2, A39 10,187 88 14 10 40 1 TOTAT. ENGINEERING SCRIOOLS 423 410 78,123 9,486 87,808 1908 B 213 10 9 ... IV.-ART AND INDUSTRY. Goverument School of Art 1 178 148 24,978 ...... 3,109 28,146 168 12 8 190 2 9 Government Industrial Schools. Ranchi Industrial School 1 41 35 1,2010 600 1,800 81 8 10 ... 811 Aided Industrial Schools. In the Progidency Division Calcutta Burdwan Orissa 828 996 ..... 1 3 1 73 27 158 49 06 27 158 43 900 896 890 1,296 3,729 312 7 11 10 11 1 0 8 10 7 22 10 8 40 0 83 20 7 . . 312 .... ...... Total 7 807 294 1,105 511 1.-407 0,173 8 12 10 21 0 Unaided Industrial Schools. In the Presidency Division Bhagulporo ..... 821 ... 91 01 S 2 101 70 ..... 321 240 24,0 6 11 7 8 14 11 ...... .... ..... Totul 171 102 701 701 6 0 1 TOTAL ART SCHOOLS 14 677 629 27,379 611 8,996 36,880 44 & 3 58 10 1 OTHER SCTTOOLS OF SPECIAL INSTRUCTION. (c)1 97 39 Gonarnment. In the Rajshabye Division Aided. 4,071 .... 4,071 104 6 104 6 1 ... 1 In Calontta Burdwun Division .. 40 60 97 48 SOX) 210 870 200 1,170 410 31 9 12 88 ..... 8 0 Total 8 00 86 510 1,070 1,680 8 10 8 17 8 10 ... Unaideu. In Oriss. Division ... ... 13 20 9 24 , Patna 8 7 1 S 80 1 75 76 . ... ...... Total 2 88 89 124 184 8 18 ... ...... ..... 1 TOTAL OTHER SONTOOLS ... 180 157 4,881 1,199 3,775 $7 19 2 88 0 0 (c) Bhutia Boarding School, Darjeeling. 113. LAW.-The number of law students in Government colleges on the 31st March declined from 171 to 125, and their average monthly roll-number from 173 to 140. Tho decreaso was common to all the larger collegas. As in the previous year, the pleadership class attached to the Chittagong College contained no students." With tho exception of the Rajshahye College, the law classes in Government colleges are entirely self-supporting, the professors being paid from the fees realised from the students, subject to a maximum limit of Rs. 2,400 a year. In the Rajshabye College the Law Lecturer's salary is made up of Rs. 800, the interest of the endowment of Rs. 20,000 made by Rani Monmohini Devi, and the fees paid by the students, subject to the prescribed maximum, ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 78 SPRCIAL INSTRUCTION. This number of pupils in the law departments of the unaided colleges increased from 907 to 1,047, there being a slight decrease in the Metropolitan Institution, and a large increase in the Ripon and City colleges. 114. The following table shows the results of the examination for the degree of Bachelor of Law held in 1888, the number of passes being 238 out of 356 candidates, against 1,62 out of 221 in the previous year :- PASSED IN TRI NaN OF INSTITUTIO.. First dirision, Sroond division. ... ... .. ... ... ... .. ... Number of cundidates. 3 12 3 22 18 6 1 163 61 82 8 1 3 Presidency College Hooghly Krishnagar Decon Patos Rajshahye Ravenshaw Cuttack Motropolitan Institution City College Ripon Jagannath Dacca . 7 1 15 11 3 1 90 31 39 3 ... 12 6 10 1 .. ... ... ... Total 356 36 203 238 It will be seen that four times as many candidates passed from unaided as from Governmeut colleges. The Metropolitan Institution sent up and passed the largest number of candidates. 115. MEDICINE.-The total number of medical students decreased from 965 to 887. The number declined in the Calcutta Medical College from 172 to 160, but increased in the four Government medical schools. There was some decrease in the unaided homeopathic schools at Dacca, while throe homeopathic schools in Calcutta furnished no returns. 116. Medical College.—The College has now completed its fifty-third session. During the year under report the following changes occurred in the professorial staff :-Dr. D. D. Cunningham. Professor of Physiology, was on furlough for eight months. his duties being undertaken by Dr. Bomford. Dr. Alpin acted as Professor of Midwifery during the absence on privilege leave of Dr. R. Harvey. Mr. W. T. Woods was on leave for six months on private affairs. When the session opened, 172 students continued their studies, 9 rejoined, and 73 new students were admitted. Thus there was a total of 254 against 234, 218, and 217 in the three preceding years. Of the 82 new and ro-admitted students, 10 who had obtained tho highest marks in the University B.A. and F.A. examinations received freo presentations; 32 were enrolled as paying or matriculated students, 10 entered as casual or non-matriculated students; 14 joined the femalo certificate class after passing a preliminary examination; and 16 joined the hospital apprentice class. At the close of the session, seven hospital apprentices left the college for regimental duties; five Burmese students passed and returned to Burmah ; six senior and three junior scholars, 56 paying and five free students ceased to attend; six hospital apprentices were dismissed and one died; five certificate class students were removed : so that at the close of the session the strength of the College was 160, against 172, 152, and 132 in the three previous years. The number of students in the free female class increased from Il to 21. In 1888 nine candidates passeď the First M. B. examination-two in the first and seven in the second division. Miss Virginia Mary Mitter headed tho list of successful candidates. Six candidates passed the ſecond M. B. examination, namely, one in the first and five in the second division. Sixteen candi. dates passed the First and nine the Second L. M. S. examination. One candidate also passed the examination for Honours in medicine and surgery. Since the first examination of the English class of this College, 49 years ago, 264 hospital apprentices have been trained, and 805 students have obtained degrees and licenses in medicine and surgery. Of these graduates 26 weru Ceylonese, 6 Burmese, and the other 773 Bengalis. Soven native dhais passed in midwifery from the Eden Hospital, against four and three in the preceding two years. two years. Sixteen pupil-nurses passed out as midwives. . . K ·74 REPORT OF TÉR. DIRECTOR SPECIAL TXSTRUCTION. A new dissecting room has been sanctioned, but not built. In the dissecting department 239 bodies were used. There were 14 boarders in the Maharani Sarnamayi Hostel. Of thosp, sis were Europeans, three Eurasians and five natives. The total expenditure of the College was Rs. 1,70,237, against Rus 1,87,560 in the previous year, The fee-receipts amounted to Rs. 8,735, against Rs. 9,015 in the yoar before. · 117. Campbell Medical School, Sealdah. - Dr. S. Coull Mackenzie wlis Superintendent throughout the year. The numbor of students on the rolls was 198, against 171 the year before. The students are chiefly recruited, in the following order, from the districts of Hooghly, Pubna, 24-Pergunnahs, Burdwan, Furreedpore, and Nuddea. Of the Of the 74 second-year students who went up for the first License examination, 59 passed. The 15 students who failed were all rejected in Materia Medica. Of 46 third-year students who appeared at the second or final License examination, 40 passed. Of the six unsuccessful students, five failed in medicine only. Of the 88 first-year students, 82 received promotion. Thé usual_half-yearly examinations for compounders were held in April and October. In April 26 out of 28 candidates passed. In October all the 3 candidates were successful. Ono of the licentiates of the school who had obtained his license in 1887 was admitted to the Government service in Burmah. The total receipts of the school amounted to Rs. 6,664 against Rs. 5,878, and the expenditure to Rs. 48,707 against Rs. 43,774. The number of bodies dissected was 366, against 352 in the previous year. In November 1887 Government sanctioned the opening of female classes in the school; the qualifying standard of admission being that of either the upper primary scholarship examination, or a special test-examination in Bengali and arithmetic. Students must not be under 16 years of age on admis.. sion, the course is to extend over three years, and to be the same in every respect as that for male students. The class was opened in June 1888, and 15 students were admitted. 118. Dacca Medical School.-Dr. A. Crombie was Superintendent through. the year: At the close of the session there wore 229 pupils on the rolls, namely, 56 in the third-year, 92 in the second-year, and 8i in the first-year class. The sum realised as fees and fines was Rs. 7,241, against Rs. 7,314 in the previous year; and the total expenditure was Rs. 20,014 against Rs. 19,232. Fifty-three third-year students appeared at the second License examination, of whom 30 passed. Eighty-one second-year students appeared at the first License examination ; of these 56 passed. 119. Temple Medical School, Patna. - The session closed with 28 in the third-year, 38 in the second-year, and 43 in the first-year class, or 109 students in all. Of 28 students who appeared at the final License examination, 19 passed and obtained cortificatos. Of 32 second-year students, 25 passed the first examination. During the session 41 bodies were dissected, against 60 in the prerious year. 120. Cutlack Medical School. Dr. Stowart continued in charge of the school. The third-year class was attended by 16 students, of whom 15 passed and obtained licenses qualifying them for the post of Civil Hospital Assistant. Of the 13 students in the second-year class, 11 passed the first License exami. nation. The two native females who attended the second-year class are said to have acquitted themselves very creditably. The first-year class consisted of 24 students, two of whom wero females. Sixty-eight bodies were dissected during the year. Since the establishment of the school, 95 students have obtained the license, of whom 44 have entered Government service. 121. ENGINEERING.--The iostitutions for teaching ongineering are the Government Civil Engineering College at Seebpore, and the Dacca, Patna and Cuttack Survey Schools. There were 423 pupils in these schools, against 356 in the preceding year. 122. Engineering College, Seebpore.- On the 15th October an exchange of appointments was made between Mr. E. F. Mondy, Professor of Natural Science, and Mr. P. Brühl of the Rajshahye College. On the 31st March last, the number students in the engineering department affiliated to the University was 59, against 44 in the previous year. Of these, 21 were in the first-year, 16 in the ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 75 SPECIAL INSTRUCTION second-year, 12 in the third-year, and 10 in the fourth-year class. Of the total number 8 were Europeans or Eurasians, 46 Hindus, 1 Mahomedan, 3 Burmese, and 1 Native Christian. The University B. E. and L. E, examinations com. menced on the 21st July. Three fourth -year students appeared, of whom Beni Madhiab Mitra alone passed the B. E. examination, obtaining the gold medal in Mathematics. He was also entitled to the one guaranteed appointment available for the current year. The F. E. examination was held in June. Of 18 candidates who presented themselves, eight passed. At the College examinatioós held in May, 16 second-year students appeared, of whom 9 passod and were promoted, one only having failed in shop-work. Of 11 first-year students, 10 obtained promotion, none failing in shop-work. On the 31st March last, the apprentice department contained 105 students against 102 in the previous year. They wore distributed as follows:- 35 in the first-year, 24 in the second-year, 13 in the third-year, and 23 in the fourth-year class. There were also 10 senior apprentices, that is, those who had passed their final examination and were working exclusively in the shops. Of the total number 17 were Europeans or Eurasians, 85 Hindus, and 3 Mahomedans. Of the 15 senior apprentices of 1887, 13 (eight natives and five Europeans) left on the 31st January with the usual foreman mechanic or upper subordinate certificates. The fourth. -year class, consisting of 17 students together with one who had failed the year before, was examined in July, when 11 passed. Two of these left with overseer's certificates, and one obtained an appointment in Central India as a colliery surveyor. The rest remainod at the college to go through their course of practical work. The annual examinations were held in January. Twenty-two third-year students presented themselves for examination, and 19 received promotion to the fourth-year class. Sixteen students of the second-year class appeared for examination, and 13 passed. Of these threo left with sub-overseer's certificates. Out of 28 first-year students, 22 got promotion to the second-year class. The admission examinar tion was held in January. Of the 48 candidates, 39 passed, of whom 23 joined the college. Besides these, two boys who had passed standard VII of the Code for European schools were admitted, seven were admitted after passing the Entrance examination, and five who had failed to get promotion rejoined. In accordance with the rules, seven sub-overseer's and two overseer's cortificates were granted during the year to students who left before the completion of their apprenticeship. In addition to the pupils attending the engineering and apprentice departments, there were four artisan pupils from Assam who were employed entirely in the workshops, so that in all there were 168 students in the college at the end of the year under review, of whom 163 resided upon the premises. The survey operations of the second and third-yoar engineer classes commenced in November near the Madlıupore station and continued up to the end of January, under the superintendence of the Principal, Mr. Downing, assisted by Babu Dwarka Nath Dutt. The third-year students laid out a line of railway about 51 miles long. The second-year students were engaged in an extensive trigonometrical and traverse survey, besides other work. The first year class under Mr. J. S. Slater, Professor of Engineering, made a chain and compass survey of the Botanical Gardens, and learnt levelling and ground tracing. The first, second, and third-year apprentices were taught surveying and levelling in the neighbourhood of the college by Mr. Webber. Mr. Slater took the senior engineer students to visit the following works :-Burn and Company's shops, the Jubilee Bridge and approaches, Chitporo Lock, Chitpore Lift-bridge, Burrakur Iron Works, colliery and coke-works, Jamalpur Workshops, Barrackpore Road Bridge, Burdwan Water-works, the Eden Canal head-works, Raneegunge Pottery Works, Kidderpore Dock, and Pulta Water. work. The first-year engineer students attended the workshops for 121 days, the second-year for 124 days, and the third-year for 57 days in the year, each class working three hours a day; At the annual exanination held in May, only one failed in the carpenters’ shop. Mr. J. H. Toogood, Executive Engineer, Calcutta Workshop Division, reports satisfactory progress of the students in the apprentice department. K 2 ·76 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR SPECIAL INGTRDOTION. Students, of the first three years attended the shopu fox. 1.96 days, those of the fourth-year for 175 days, and those of the fifth-year for 208 days... At the annual examination of the first, second, and third-year clawues i shop-tworth, all but 6 students out of 60 passed. On the 31st March 1888 there were 160 students in the college borted, against 139 in the previous year. Of these 132 were Hindus and 28 Ohrid tians. The north and west blocks of the new buildings for native students with the attached dining-ball and cook house were completed during the year. The servants' huts have been repaired; stables are being built and will be completed shortly. The need of a hospital and a model-room are insisted on; and proposals regarding the former are under the consideration of Goverament. The Athletic Club is said to be likely to die out for want of funds. The Christian and native boys play football together, but the latter have not yet greatly taken to cricket. The Christian boys, however, succeeded in winning the “ Harrison Sbield" from the Medical College. The total strength of the Volunteor Corps, consisting of the Christian students, was 42. The Board of Visitors met twice during the year for the purpose of placing apprentices upon the free or reduced-fee lists. The institution was also visited by His Honour the Lieutenant-Governor. The total expenditure of the College during the year was Rs. 77,421, of which Rs. 6,616 were derived from fees and Rs. 70,775 from provincial revenues, inclusive of Rs. 9,300 spent on the workshops for the practical train. ing of the students-a new chargo, transferred from the Public Works Department. 123. Under the Government Resolution of the 30th July 1887, & Committee was appointed with the object of inquiring into the constitution of the Seebpore College, the course of studies, and the method of instruction. The Committee were directed to report upon the entrance tests, to revise the theoretical and manual courses in every class, to consider a proposal for instituting a final college examination of the ongineor class, apart from that held by the University for conferring degrees, and to examine the disciplinary rules of the college. They were also asked to report upon the possibility of extending the utility of the college as a general school of technical instruction. The Committee have submitted upon all these points a full and valuable report, which is now under the consideration of Government. 124. Dacca Survey School. On the 31st March there were 76 students in the first-year and 39 in the second-year class, against 53 and 34 respectively in the previous year. At the beginning of the session the number of students in the first-year class had been as high as 101, but as usual it gradually fell off. Tho numerical strength as well as the receipts from fees have been steadily increasing. The fue-receipts have increased with the increase of numbers They amounted to Rs. 1,334 against Rs. 1,049 in the previous year. The expenditure amounted to Rs 4.122 against Rs. 3,538 in the year before. Fifty-two firstyear students appeared at the annual examination, of whom 37 were promoted to the second-year class. For the final examination 33 second-year students went up, and 26 obtained certificates. In the cold weather tặe students went into camp for practical surveying. The school was established in 1876; and during its lifotime it has turned out 154 surveyors, most of whom havo obtained omployment under the Public Works and Settlement Departments and as Civil Court Ameens. 125. Putna Survey School.-As in the previous year, the number of students on the rolls was 61, of whom 40 were Hindus and 21 Mahomedans. Fifty-two were pay students and nine stipend-holders The number of students learning through English was 44, and of those learning through the vernacular 17. The fee-receipts were Rs. 670 against Rs. 703, and the expenditure Rs. 8,419 against Rs. 2,815. Thirty-nine students of the first-yerr class appeared at the annual examination, of whom 34 passed and were promoted. Out of 22 candidates of the second-year class who went up to the final examination, 20 passed, 4 being placed in the first, 6 in the second, and 10 in the third division. Mr. Ewbank, Principal of the Patna College, reports that the value of the survey school is recognised by the Public Works Department and by manicipal bodies.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 77 SPLOI AL NTBTROOTION 196, : : Outlaok Survey School.The school building has been destroyed by fire, and ardors have been issued for the construction of a new house. The ziumber of students was 83 against 62 in the preceding year, all of whom were Hindus. The fee-income amounted to Rs. 835 against Rs. 580 in the previous year. The total expenditure was Rs. 2,646 against Rs. 2,348 in the year before. Twenty-four students were sent up for the final examination, of whom 20 obtained certificates. The passed students find no difficulty in obtaining employment. 127. ART AND INDUSTRY. -The Government School of Art is the most important institution under this head. The industrial schools declined from 15 to 13, by a reduction of two in the Presidency Division. The schools at Berhampore, Islampore, and Banwariabad in the district of Moorshedabid were not returned during the year under report, while a new unaided school, attend. od by 1% Native Christian pupils, was started at Entally in the 24.Pergunnahe. In the Burdwan Divisi in, the industrial sch' ol attached to the Bishenpore high school was closed, so that the number declined from 4 to 3. In the Orissa Division a new industrial school was started at Balasoro. The institutions under this head are briefly noticed below. 128. Government School of Art.-The number of students was 159, against 152 in the preceding year. The receipts from fees amounted to Rs. 3,168 against Rs. 3,252, and the expenditure from public revenues was Rs. 24,978 against Rs. 17,405. The increase of expenditure arose from the appointment of Mr. W. H. Jobbins as Superintendent on a salary of Rs. 1,000 a month, from June 1887; while in the preceding year, pending the arrival of the Principal from England, an officiating allowance of Rs. 200 a month only bad been drawn. In July 1887 a revised course of instruction was framed for each class. Arrangements have also been made to hold annual examinations in free-hand drawing, model-drawing, geometry and perspective. Art certificates of the third or higher grade will be awarded to those students who execute tho prescribed works in each class and pass the required examinations in each group. These groups comprise advanced free-hand and light and-shade drawing, elomentary painting and design, advanced painting and drawing, architoctural and mechanical drawing, and modelling. Certificates of proficiency will also be granted to competent students in tho lithographic, wood-engraving, metal. chasing and wood-carving classes. Four annual scholarships have been established by the Public Works Department for competition by students in the architeotural and mechanical drawing classes. The successful students, after completing the preliminary course in the school prescribed by the Public Works Department, will have the advantage of one yoar's practical work in the drawing branch of the Chief Engineer's office, with an allowance of Rs. 15 a month each for the first six months, and an increase of Rs. 5 a month if satisfactory progress is inade. There were seven competitors for the studentships, whose works were submitted for examination to Mr. W. Banks Gwyther, A. &. 1. B. A., who expressed his satisfaction with the quality of the work done by this newly inaugurated class. Their Excellencies the Viceroy and the Countess of Dufforin visited the school on the 27th March 1888. His Excellency was pleased to award a silver and a bronze medal for competition : “the silver modal to be awarded to the student who, at the end of the yoar, has executed tho best series of works in any of the classes." Mr. Jobbins reports that as a result of the practical character of the instruction now imparted, the students are finding ramunerative employment. One has lately beon appointed head-draftsman in the office of the Engineer-in- Chief, sind-Pishin State Railway. 129. Art Gallery, Calcutta.--The sanctioned grant was Rs. 10,000, and the actual expenditure Rs. 5,216. The Gallery was open to the public for 155 days. The uumber .of visitors during the year was 6,700, numely, 837 Europeans, 5,344 Hindus, and 519 Mahomedans. The only additions made to the Gallery during the year were a set of the prize drawings done by pupils of the South Kensington School of Art at the different stages of instruction, which were purchased from that institution at a cost of £50. The collection comprises studies in oils, in water colours, in sepia, and in pencil and crayon drawings. .

·78 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR SPRCIAL INSTRUCTION 130. Ranchi Industrial School. The number of pupils on the rolls on the 31st of March last was 41, against 27 the year before. Carpentry and blacksmith's work are taught, besides a little reading, writing, and arithmetic. The total expenditure on the school was Rs. 1,800, of which Government contributed Rs. 1,200, and the balance was met from the sale-proceeds of the articles manufactured. Proposals for placing the school under a perma nent and greatly improved footing, under the management of a passed mechanic from Seebpore, and under the supervision of a strong local Committee, aro now under the consideration of Government. Part of the balance of the Ranchi Fair Fund, amounting to about Rs. 12,000, is to be devoted to the improvement of the school, and the remainder is to be spent on the establishment of a museum of local products under the same control. The school was visited by His Honour the Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal in March last. 131. The Moorshedabad Technical School. This school was started many years ago by Mr. Anderson, Magistrate of Moorshedabad. It had 38 pupils on the rolls, against 41 in the year before. Instruction was imparted in care pentry, clock-repairing, bidri-work, ivory-work, and embroidery, and there was a separate teacher for each of these branches. The carpentry taught is only of the ordinary bazar kind, but there is said to be a dearth of these tradesmen. Clock-repairing is a new industry. For ivory-carving and bidri-work Moor. shedabad has long been famous; but there are now only a few families by whom these arts are practised, and they are consequently in danger of dying out. To preserve such urts from decay is a legitimate object of a technical school Though unpretentions, the Moorshedabad school is a very useful one of its kind, and does good work at small cost. The total income was Rs. 769, of which Rs. 442 were contributed by the Moorshedabad Municipality, Rs. 145 were realised from sale proceeds, and Rs. 182 from private subscriptions. The total expenditure_was Rs. 595, thus leaving a surplus of Rs. 174. 132. Other Technical Schools in the Moorshedabad District. - Technical classes were also attached to the middle schools at Kandi, Jemua, and Talibpur, in which carpentry and sewing were the subjects taught. The class at Kandi was maintained by the local municipality, which spent Rs. 69 on it. The class at Jemua was maintained by fees and salo proceeds. The Talibpur Technical School was maintained by the local Mahomedan zemindar, who spent Rs. 60 on it during the year, 133. The Calcutta S. P. G. Technical School. This school was opened during 1886-87 by the Rev. H. Whitehead, on behalf of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel. It receives a capitation grant of Rs. 2 a month for every full-time pupil, and of Re. 1 for every pupil attending two hours a day, up to a limit of Rs. 25 a month. The numerical strength of the institution was 27. The pupils were all Native Christians. Thoy were taught carpentry and electro-plating, the latter bring a very useful and thriving industry in Calcutta. The expenditure was Rs. 1,206, Rs. 300 being contributed by Government, and Rs. 996 raised from other sources. 134. Technical Schools in the Burdwan Division. Of the three schools in this division, two are in Midnapore and one in Bankvora, all being aided institutions. Of tho two schools in Midnapore, one is under the management of the American Baptist Mission. It had on its rolls 69 pupils against 98 in the previous year, all belonging to the lower orders of the people, and learning the simple industrial arts, such as rope-making, common carpentry, and needle. work. The upper primary course, with a little English, is efficiently taught in this school. The other school in Midnapore is known as the “Maisadal Raja's Technical School," in recognition of the endowment of Rs. 5,000 founded by the Maisadal Estate, and of other donations from the same source. It had on its rolls 39 pupils against 40 the year before ; 26 of these learnt carpentry and 13 tin-smith's work; 10 of the pupils were bona fide students of this school, and the remaining 29 belonged to other schools in the town, and learnt the industrial arts out of their own school hours. The average daily attendance was 18, against 17 in the previous year. The expenditure amounted to Rs. 2,594, of which Rs. 475 were received from Government, Rs. 374 from thé endowment and from local subscriptions, and Rs. 1,745 from the sale pro coeds of manufactured articles. The school at Bankoora bad on its rolls 50 pupils, against 55 in the previous year. The average attendance increased from 23 to 83. Forty-six of the ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 79 SPECIAL INSTRUCTION. pupils were of the artisan class, and the remaining four wore amateur students; 18 of the pupils learnt carpentry, 16 the work of a tin-smith, 12 wickerwork, and 4 miscellaneous work, such as ink-making, &c. The sale proceeds of the articles manufactured in the school amounted to Rs. 67 ; the charges on account of raw materials were Rs. 47; those on account of tools and contin. gencies Rs. 87, and on account of teachers and servants Rs. 360. Thus the school cannot bo considered a financial success. 135. Technical Schools in the Bhagulpore Division. There were two techni. cal schools in this division, viz., Madhupore and Newada, maintained at a cost of Rs. 120 a year each by the East Indian Railway Company, for the elementary instruction of the workshop hands and of their children, and for training them in the rules and regulations of the Railway. The roll number of the Madhupore school was 47 against 56, and that of Newada 23 against 35. The workshop of the East Indian Railway Company at Jamalpore is a far more important institution than any of the preceding; and though it finds no place in our returns, it is in fact a great technical school in which skilled artisans of overy grade are trained for the service of the Railway. 136. In the Orissa Division a new industrial school was started at Balasore by the Rev. Z. F. Griffin, with an attendance of 49 pupils. The object of the institution is to turn out good handicraftsmen, such as black-smiths, carpenters, and the like, with a higher standard of skill than is found in the buzar. A grant of Rs. 26 a month has been sanctioned in aid of the school. 137. OTHER SCHOOLS.--These comprise a somewhat miscellaneous class, some fow of which are here noticed. 138. Bengal Music School. The scliool had 40 pupils against 39 in the previous year. Of these 39 were Hindus and one was a Mahomedan. The school is held three days in the week in the premises of the Calcutta Training School for masters. Both theoretical and practical instruction in Hindu music is given. The rate of fee is one rupee a month. The expenditure was Rs. 1,170, of which Rs. 300 were contributed by Government, Rs. 206 wero raised from fees, and Rs. 604 from the subscriptions of its founder, Raja Sir Surendra Mohun Tagoro, C.I.E. There wero also two schools for teaching native music, vocal and instrumental, at Bankoora and Bishenpore, both in the Bishonpore district. They contained 23 and 27 pupils respectively, and both received a grant-in-aid. Au unaided music school was oponed during the year at Balasore 139. Bhutia Boarding School.--The number of pupils on the 31st March was 37, and the average daily attendance 30, against 38 and 25 of the previous yrar. Of the 37 pupils, 35 were Buddhists and 2 Native Christians. The latter two are of mixed blood, originally Buddhists, and as such admitted to tho school as boarders. On their change of religion, they were, by order of the Deputy Commissioner of Darjeeling, romoved from thi list of boarders, but allowed to continue in the school as day pupils. Two of the pupils were Tibetans, 3 Bhutias, 8 Sikkimese, 12 Nepalis, 5 Lopchas, and 7 half castes. The cost of the school was Rs. 4,070 against Rs. 4,260 in the preceding year. The cost has decreased, but is still beyond the sanctioned limit. Rules were framed in the course of the year defining the respective authority of the Deputy Commissioner and of the Department over tho school; and more effectual control over its expenditure will thus bo secured. A proposal to amalgamate it with the local zillah school was negatived by Government. During the year under report, fr ur ex-pupils of the school obtained Government service; two in the Survey Department, one as an interpreter, and one in the Darjeeling Income Tax office, The Survey Dopartment will probably take a succession of pupils from this school, with the object of training them as surveyors and explorers in the trans-llinalayan regions, thus fulfilling one of the objects with which the school was established. Two more pupils have thus been taken during the curront yoar. 140. In the Patna Division a banker of Mozufferporc has set aside a sum of Rs. 2,000 in order to start a special school for the education of the children of banias and shopkeepers in the town. The school was opened in December, and on the 31st March last it had 26 pupils on its rolls, under four teachers. The pupils learn English, Hindi, and accounts, and the school is hold at night from 7 to 11 P.M. 141. During the year under report there was no election of an agricultural scholar.

·EDUCATION. 90 RETORT OF THE DOCTOR VII-FEMALE EDUCATION. 142. The following statement compares the statistics of schools tx natkre girls for the past two years:-- 100.48. Soboola Papily. Naboola. Girla Sohool Maintained by the Department 198 803 Ditto by Municipal and District Boards 938 910 Aided by the Department or by Moni. cipal or Distriot Bourde Distr 1 987 89,283 2,008 41.100 Unaided 204 3,088 235 4,891 1000-3. Total 2,198 43,290 . 2,847 48,088 Girls in boga' nohools 37.764 87,786 ...... GLAND TOTAL 8,148 81,054 88,883 The number of girls' schools and of their pupils has increased, while that of girls reading in boys' schools remains nearly stationary. The total result is an increase of 48 schools and of 2,769 pupils. There were three bich English and four middle English schools for girls, as in the previous but the number of middle vernacular schools fell from 25 to 19 primary, girls' schools numbered 274 with 9,184 pupils, showing your obange from the previous year. 143. Lower primary schools for girls rose from 1,890 with 39,803 papile to 1,947 with 35,116 pupils. The following statement shows their tribution during the last two years :- Lower Primary Schools for Girls. 1888 97. 1887-68. .. ... .. DIVINOR. Presidency Caloutta Burdwan Rajshahyo Daoca Chittagong Patna Bhagulpore Ohota Nagpore Oriasa Orissa Tributary Mahals Total ... Soboola. 309 39 193 87 626 412 115 A3 102 68 3 dohools. 310 48 195 83 649 847 Pupils. 6,462 1,188 2,879 1,394 7,322 6,063 1.913 2,016 2,676 1,487 94 Pupila. 6.896 1,216 2,461 1,318 9,263 6,321 2,502 1,809 2.596 1,684 115 ... 10. .. 10 66 98 76 6 .. Iu 1,890 88,803 1,447 38,116 There has been a large gain in the Dacca Division. The apparent loss in the Chittagong Division is due to the transfer of a large number of schools with less than 10 pụpils to the class of private institutions ; but notwithstanding this transfer, there is a great increase in the number of pupils. The gains and losses in the other divinons call for no special notice. Most of these schools are aided from the primary grant, the guru receiving in many cases a stipend of one rupee for every five girls under regular instruction. 144. The following table shows the attendance and expenditure in 8hools for native girls : Attendance and Expenditure in Schools for Girls during 1887-88. KXPENDITORI Trox POBLIC FUNDE. ULARI OJ SOHOOLS. Nombor of noboola. Number Average of pupils number on on the rolls the rollo on 81st March 1888. monthly. A verte daily Attendance. From privato Total. From Provincial Prom distrot funds. Froma municipal fundas Rs. Re. Re. Rul. 900 187 140 17,877 6,819 0.00 110 19 142 148 1,101 1,814 Mwintained by the department Moln ninud by Muni: apal und Dlatriot Bounda Aided by the depart moenamor by Munici. or District sonrda Unnidad Total Pal 4,000 87,776 8,90D ... 28,898 8,01$ 88,784 13,785 0.162 .. . .. 2,847 2088 14,038 22,140 7,104 BA,153 13,794 1,860,043 ·Map 3.-Showing the extent of Female Education in 1887-88. 82 8:6 90 Β Η ι Τ Α 'язьні м. Bregmutet E . Darjeebog B IN G A L Mulh Punkubato Sibigan Barcal Looch Bebar Stangarh Butihnat 7 Croalpara D', ubi Bullin NTH lavi-pur tha ampus Gas 2 Dina apore olurs LLAHABAD How Marian B Turkcover him w Ramiell Gundhi Bograd of Skarghe REFERENCE 1 NK Bar Sve learnia 724 Class 4. helow t per cent. LI. TIPPERAH opalanut 10.Agutinis 3. Ź to 1 A uc hat Proluhpur 2. 1 to 2 1. Ho varpu? 1. 2 to 5 C. R G P Putain d'y's Pinang picture R Chittagong po neper Tierleak CENTRAL Sanelap ihmukir) ekaigarh M Dunpro Jullaan Haring exruhar Samples Belas Mtuatia .. liv the Maranasta bah Angul PROVINCES Talse P' B of Y E B EN GL 201 Aksele 20 corto! Jagannath Scale 1 Inch = 80 Miles or 0,00 ron MADRÀS Chilka Luth iu 0 100 uwa --- 812 86 90 W! PROVI PRESIE ENCY

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·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 81 FEMALR BDUCATION ; By, adding together the grants from .provincial revenues and district funds, the total expenditure from these sources becomes Rs. 1,09,948, against Rs. 1,07,148 in the preceding year. The contributions from private sources (including municipal grants, now for the first time shown separately) amounted to Rs. 1,07,925, against Rs. 1,96,303. The total expenditure increased from Rs. 3,08,451 to Rs. 3,07,873. 145. Before going on to consider the progress made in general education, I may observe that the medical education of women has made a considerable advance during the year. In the Medical College five young ladies were reading as regular students for the L. M. 8. or M. B. degree. Two of these were in the first-year class, one in the third, and two in the fourth; three were natives of India and two were Europeans. Four had passed the First Arts examination of the Calcutta University; and one, who was admitted by special grace of the Senate, had passed the London University Matriculation examination with distinction. Mrs. Kadambini Ganguli, B.A., the first lady to enter the College as a regular student, and the first to complete her course, went up for the final examination in March 1888, but unfortunately failed in the single subject of medicine. She has since passed the special certificate examinntion for women and, it is understood, is practising with that qualification ; but it is hoped that she will again present herself at the next examination for the degree of M.B. The two fourth-year students, Miss Virginia Mitter and Miss Bidha Mukhi Bose, went up for the 1st M.B. examination of 1888, and both the former hoadinde list of successful candidates. Besides the regular dosta, 21 young ladies attend lectures in the Medical College for a special certificate under the new regulations, to bo obtained after a course of three years. The class consists of Europeans and Eurasians exclusively. The number increased from 11 to 21. From the midwifery class, seven native dais and 16 pupil-nurses passed out with certificates. In the Campbell Medical School, as stated in tho last section, orders were issued by the Government of Bengal in November 1887, sanctioning the opening of vernacular classes at the Campbell Medical School for womerr not under 16 years of ager In order to be eligible for admission, a candidate must have passed either the upper primary examination, or a special examination to be held by the teachers of the school in Bengali reading and dictation, and in arithmetic up to fractions and the rule of three. The course of instructions was to extend over three years, and to be the same as that for male students. No fees were to be charged, and scholarships and other prizes were established on a liberal scale. Special accommodation was provided for the female students, together with an omnibus to bring them to and from the school. Students from a distance are also allowed to reside in the Sarnamayi Hostel. The Resolution sanctioning the establishment of the classos, explained His Honour's intentions in the following terms :-- " The Lieutenant-Governor has ascertained the views of the Medical Officers namod in the pruamble to this Resolution, and finds their opinions on the merits of tho proposal to be very divided. Dr. Mackenzie, Surgeon-Major Chandra, and Surgeon-Major Coatos are iu favour of trying the system suggested, whilo tbe others are to somo degree opposed. It appears clear, however, that some native ladies of position desire to recoive instruction in the manner indicated, that their services will be in request when they have been trained, and that their knowledge will not then be inferior to that of many of the male practitionors recognised by Government. There is thus & real and practical demand for the medical education of females, which is not sufficiently met by the facilities now offered for their instruction in the Medical College through the medium of the English language, inasmuch as native ladies seldom understand that language even when the malo members of their family may be familiar with it. « On full coprideration of the subject, therefore, Sir Steuart Bayley has como to tho conclusion that the experiment should be tried, and he accordingly directs that the proposed alass be opened. The weak point in the schemo seems to the Lieutenant-Governor to be the low qualifying standard of education required from students in the first instance. It is doubtful, in Sir Steuart Bayley's opinion, if this standard is sufficiently high to ensure on the part of the students a capacity for following and assimilating the teaching they will receive. The scheme, from this point of view, will have to be carefully watched, and, if necessary, a further representation can be made hereafter with a view to having the qualify. ing standard reconsidered." The class was opened in June 1888 with 15 students, careful inquiry being made as to the social respectability and character of each applicant.

·82 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR FEMALE EDITCATION, Women have also been admitted in the last two years to the Cuttack Medical School. On the 31st March 1888, it contained four native female students, two in the first-year and two in the second. 146. To return to the table given in the first paragraph of_this section. The two departmental schools are the Bethune School and the Eden Female School at Dacca. Their aggregate cost was Rs. 22,496, of which Government contributed Rs. 17,277. The fivo municipal and board schools cost Rs. 1,318, of which Rs. 143 were paid from provincial rovenues, Rs. 1,105 from municipal funds, and Rs. 70 from fees. In the 2,005 aided schools the public expenditure, including grants from district funds, amounted to Rs. 92,528, or at the rate of Rs. 46 for each school, while the total expenditure was Rs. 2,65,582, or at the rate of Rs. 132 a school, as in the preceding year. These figures include schools of every degree of cost. On a more detailed examination of the reiurns, it is found that tho number of grant-in-aid girls' schools is 325 with 11,540 pupils, and of schools aided from the primary, khas mehal, circle, and other grants, 1,680 with 29,692 pupils. A grant-in-aid girls' school costs Rs. 178 a year, while a primary grant school costs only Rs. 20. There is no limit to the number of girls that can be educated in boys' schools, if the District and Local Boards, in whose hands the administration of the primary grant now rests, find it possible to maintain and increase the oxisting rates of aid. 147. The school department of the Bethune College had 118 girls on its rolls, against 119 in the previous year. Two of the girls appeared at the Entrance examination of March 1888, and passed in the first division with scholarships. In the examination of the previous year, held in April 1887, four candidates appeared, and all passed in the first division. The expenditure was Rs. 16,914, of which Government contributed Rs. 12,638. The fee recoipts amounted to Rs. 4,276. Tho school has a boarding department, and proposals have boon made to enlarge the boarding accommodation. The college department was formally affiliated to the Calcutta University in Arts up to the B.A. standard in February 1888. In previous years, candidates passing the B.A. examination from this institution were admitted to the degree by special grace of the Senate. On the 31st December 1887 thero were four students, namely, ono in the first-year, two in the second-year, and one in the fourth-year class. The number rose to six at the end of the official yoar, and has subsequently advanced to 11-a much larger nuiaber than in any previous year. They are thus distributed-M.A. class, 1; third-year class, 3º; second-year class, 5; and first-year class, 2. One young lady appeared at the F.A. examination of March 1888, and passed with a senior scholarship of the first grado. The single fourth-year studont did not appear at the B.A. examination. In April 1887 two candidatos passed tho B.A. cxamination from this college, one of them with honours in Sanskrit; while the two F.A. candidates failed. During t! o past eight years the institution has passed 6 candidates at the B.A. examination, 6 at the F.A., and 12 at the Entrance examination. Two of the graduate students are now on the instructive staff; Miss Chandra Mukhi Bogo, M.A., being the Lady Superintendent, and Miss Kamini Son, B.A., sceond Mistress in the school department. The Government of Bengal has recontly transferred to the Committee a sum of Rs. 16,900, being a portion of the amount originally subscribed for pcrpetuating the memory of the founder. Thero aro special classes for drawing and music, in addition to needlowork. The school is under the management of a committee of European and native gentlemen, with the IIon'ble the Chief Justice as Chairman. 148. To completo in this place the account of female education as connected with the University, it may be added that from the Free Church Normal School one candidate passed the Entrance examination out of two sent up, both in April 1887 and in March 1888. From the Doveton Institution for Young Ladies (to be considered again under the head of European education), three candidates out of seven passed the Entrance examination of 1887; while in 1888 four out of five passed the Entrance, and two out of four the First Arts examination. 149. The Eden Femalo School had 87 pupils on its rolls, against 74 in the prcvious year, The total cost was Rs. 5,582, of which Government contributod Rs. 4,639. The fecs amounted to Rs. 118 and the subscriptions to Rs. 825, against Rs. 89 and Rs. 765 respectively in the previous year. The ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 83 FEMALE EDUCATIUN. school is returned as a high school, but it has not yet passed a pupil at the Entrance examination. In 1887-88 it passed one pupil by the lower primary standard. The staff has lately been re-organised, and it is intended to appoint a lady graduate as Head Mistress. 150. The following table shows the principal institutions in Caloutta for the promotion of femalo education that receive Government aid. The schools are attended almost exclusively by native girls, except the Church of England Training School, in which European and Eurasian girls are trained as teachers for native schools and zenanas. The total monthly Government grant is Rs. 2,484, against Rs. 2,471 in the preceding year: Pupila. Monthly grant. Ks. A. P. ... I.- Zenana Agencies. 1. American Zenana Mission Agency 2. Church of England Zenana Mission Agency 3. Church of Scotland ditto ditto 4. Free Church ditto. ditto ... 1,135 196 68 39 762 300 0 100 0 90 0 0 0 0 0 ... Total 1,728 1.242 . II.---Training Schools. 1. Free Church Training School 2. Church of England Zepana Missioa Training School 89 1G6 10 8 160 0 () 18 Total 326 10 8 ... III.-Orphanages. 1. Church of Scotland Orphanago 2. American Mission Orphanage (Foundling Asylum) 3. Free Church Orphanago .. 104 130 52 40 0 0 100 0 75 0 0 .. ... Total 286 ... 215 0 0 130 90 83 53 60 26 0 0 20 0 20 0 () 20 0 0 20 0 0 ... ... .. ... . 105 80 0 0 .. IV.-Schools for Native Girls. (a)-Grant-in-aid allotment- Church of Scotland 1. Sobhabazar Girls' (Nandaram Sen's Lane) 2. Chasadhopapara Girls' (Chasadhopepara Street) 3. Kidderpore Girls' 4. Sonai Girls' 5. Badurbagan Girls' Free Church 6. Dr. Duff's Girls' (173, Maniktala Streot) Church of England 7. Christ Church Girls' (High English) 8. Contral School for Girls (Middlo Vernacular) 9. Mirzaporo Girls' 10. Darjipara Girls' 11. Kansaripara Girls' 12. Sobhabazar Girls' (Rajbatti) Methodist Episcopal - 19. Dr. Thoburn's Native Girls' (146, Dhurrumtollah Street) Wesleyan Mission- 14. Taltala Girls' ... American Unitarian Association 15. Mr. Dall's Girls' (Dhurrumtollah)... ... Native Management- 16. Darjipara Hindu Girls' ... ... ... 67 140 68 120 49 sf 160 0 0 50 0 () 22 0 0 25 00) 20 0 25 (1) 0 .. . I. 115 25 0 0 61 20 0 0 71 40 (0) 61 26 0 0 ... Total 1,359 597 () () ... ... 58 61 24 51 35 .. ... ... (6)--Primary allotment- 1. Syambazar Girls' (Wesleyan Mission) 2. Chorbagan Hindu Girls' 3. Basak bagan Girls' 4. Kaliprasad Datta's Street 6. Goabagan Lane 6. Rambag n (Omesh Datta's Stroot) 7. Machuabazar (Church Mission Society's Girls' School) 8. Kansaripara Girls' 9. McLeod Street (Wesleyan Mission) 10. Camao Streot ditto 11. Sinduria pati 13. Nanda Kumar Chaudhari's Lane 13. Boloram Do's Street 10 0 () 10 0 0 10 0 10 0 8 0 0 8 0 0 7 0) () 10 0 7 OU. + 0 ... . ... 37 38 32 41 37 ... 5 6 () 0 ... .. ... Total 608 103 8 GBAND TOTAL ... 4,038 2,48 2 8 L 2 ·84 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR FEMALE EDICATION 151. The work of instruction in the zenanas is entirely in the hands of agencies conducted by four missionary bodies. The number of teachers employ. od under each agency, and the number of pupils receiving instruction under it, are given below. For return purposes, it has been the practice to count each teacher as an upper primary school, and they are so included in the 274 upper primaries mentioned in the first paragraph of this section. The expenditure on the 99 zenana schools was Rs. 51,980, against Rs. 53,736 in the previous year; of wh ch Rs. 14,704 were paid from provincial revenues, Rs. 4,057 from fees, and Rs. 33,219 from subscriptions and other sources :- NAMRS OF AGESCIEB. 1886.7. Tuachers. Pupils. 1887-88. Teachers. Pupils. .. 1. Amorican Mission Zonana Agency 3. Church of England ditto 3. Church of Scotland ditto 4. Trec Church ditto . 73 17 7 13 1,306 90 37 48 71 14 7 1,436 196 68 39 ... • Total 110 1,481 99 1,728 ... The pupils increased by 247, though there was a decrease of 11 schools, or more strictly of 11 teachers, who have been transferred from zenana work to the charge of girls' schools under the several Missions. Some explanation of this character not having been furnished in the Inspector's report for the previous year, it was erroneously believed and stated that the operations of the Free Church Zenana Mission had suffered a contraction. A similar misconception arose in connexion with the Church of Scotland schools, and is accounted for in the same way. In the American Mission, the zenanas proper and the schools for little girls are not separately shown, all being returned as zenana schools; but it is understood that the Mission maintains 14 girls' schools in different parts of the town and suburbs and cight at Rajpur in the 24-Pergunnahs. If the teachers of these 22 schools be separated, the figures for zenana schools proper under the Mission would be greatly reduced. To convey a correct idea of the work done by each Mission, it is essential that the zenanas proper and the schools for little girls should be carefully distinguished. The operations of the zonana agencies are not confined to the town, but extend to the suburbs and to sevoral places in the 24-Pergunnabs district. The duties of the teachers consist in visiting a certain number of housos once, twice, or thrice a week, and in teaching the inmates needle-work in addition to reading, writing, and arithmetic in Bengali or English. In many houses ladies of naturo age learn needle-work alone from those teachers. The zenana schools are all under the inspection of Mrs. Wheeler, tho Inspectress of Schools. 152. The two training schools are maintained by the Free Churoh and the Church of England Zenana Missions; in the former, European and Eurasian pupils are trained as teachers for nativo girls' schools under the Mission, and native pupils in the litter. The Froe Church Normal school also maintains advanced classes reading for the examinations of the University; it prepares pupils for the entrance and occasionally for the First Arts examination. 153. The 19 orphanages and girls' school in Calcutta that receive Govern. ment aid are, with a few exceptions, classed as upper primary schools, though he standard is not identical with that of boys' schools. They are more particularly described below; one as a high school, four as middle schools, and 14 as upper primaries. The only high school aided by the Department in Calcutta is the Christ Church Girls' School. The numerical strength rose from 63 to 67. The total expendituro amounted to Rs. 5,796, of which Rs. 3,476 were contributed fron feos, Rs. 2,400 from other sources, and Rs. 1,920 from provincial revenues. The school is chiefly intended for the benefit of the daughters of middle-class Native Christians residing outside the town, but there were also six Hindus and one Mahomedan girl on the rolls. Provision is made for teaching the girls needle-work, drawing, and music, in addition to the ordinary subjects. The four aidod middle vernacular schools in Calcutta aro-1) the Oburch of Scotland_Orphanago; (2) the Foundling Asylum; (3) the Central School and (4) the Free Cliurch Orphanage. English is taught in all these schools in ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 85 FBMALO EDUCATION. addition to the vernacular subjects. Provision is also made for teaching needlework. They have all adopted the standards for girls' schools recommended by the Education Conference of 1887. The following table compares the number of pupils in the 14 upper primary girls' schools in Calcutta for the last two years :- PUPILS. NAMR OF BCHOOL. 1886-87. 1887-89. ... ... .00 ... ... 1. American Unitarian Association Girls' 2. Mirza pur, Church of England Zenana Mission Girls*** 3. Darjipara, ditto ditto ditto Litto, Hindu Girls' 6. Chasadhopapara, Church of Scotland Zenana Mission Girls' 6. Kidderpore, ditto ditto ditto 7. Sonai, ditto ditto ditto 8. Dr. Duff's Girls' (Free Church) 9. Dr. Thobarn's Native Girls' (Methodist Episcopal) 10. Taltala, Wesleyan Girls' 11. Kansaripara, Church of England, Zonana Mission Girls' 12. Sobhabazar, ditto ditto ditto 13. Ditto, Church of Scotland ditto ditto 14. Badurbagan, ditto ditto ditto 80 85 124 07 93 123 69 115 100 76 60 83 147 62 71 68 120 61 90 83 53 106 116 61 49 86 130 60 ... ... I.. ... Total 1,283 1,152 There was no chango in the number of schools, though there was a loss of 131 pupils. The schools are all under missionary management, except the Darjipara Hindu Girls' School. The expenditure on them fell from Rs. 25,365 to Rs. 20,164 ; of which Rs. 4,373 were provided from provincial revenues, Rs. 1,337 from fees, and Rs. 14,404 from other sources. The new standards for girls' schools prescribed by the late Education Conferenco have lately been introduced into these schools. The Darjipara school sent up one girl to the last upper primary scholarship examination, but she failed to pass. The number of lower primary schools in Calcutta declined from 52 to 48 (including the 18 larger ones shown in the table), but their pupils increased from 1,136 to 1,216. These 48 schools received aid from the primary grant. The system of capitation grants introduced in August 1884 for girls schools or girls' classos in connexion with boys' pathsalas remained in force. It consists in paying the gurus who succeed in opening independent girls' schools or classes at the rate of 4 annas a month for each girl under regular instruction. The maximum grant which a teacher can cam under this system is Rs. 10 a month. of the 48 schools, 7 were under femalo teachers, and 41 under gurus having soparato boys' pathsalas. The standard taught in these girls' schools is as yot quite elementary. To increase the attendance and improve the quality of the instruction iinparted in these schools, special prizes for proficiency are occasionally given. Tho exponditure on these schools was Rs. 4,021 against Rs. 2,630, the share borne by Government being Rs. 2,561 against Rs. 2,284, private expenditure showing a satisfactory increaso. 154. The unaided girls' schools in Calcutta are all classed as uppor primary, the two unaided schools of the previous year having ceased to exist. Their number rose from 8 to 10, and that of their pupils from 542 to 700. With one exception, all these schools are under missionary management. The expenditure on them was Rs. 12,632, of which Rs. 390 were raised from fees and Rs. 12,242 from other sources. There were also some girls' schools under the Baptist Mission, which did not furnish complete returns. 155. In accordance with the recommendations of the Conference hold in Calcutta in February, March and April 1887, tho standards of oxamination for girls' schools in Calcutta and the suburbs were revised, the number of standards prescribed being seven, and the highest approaching that fixed for the middle vernacular scholarship examination. In the same manner standards IV and VI represent those for the lower and upper primary scholarships respectively. For the encouragement of female education in Calcutta and the suburbs, 20 lower primary, 10 upper primary, and 5 middle scholarships for girls have now been sanctioned by Government at an aggregate cost of Rs. 780 a year. These scholarships are tenable for one year, and aro of the annual vulue of Rs. 18, Rs. 24 and Rs. 36 respectively. 156. Mrs. Wheeler, the Inspectress of Schools, has furnished the examination returns of 2,169 pupils reading in zenanas and in schools for infants in ·86 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR FEMALE KDUNATION Calcutta and its neighbourhood. The results of the examination are summarised below: NUMDER PANSBD BY THR DIPFRPRIT STANDARDI. NAYE OF MISSION. Number of pupils examined. Total Number pasued. rojoobud, Intapta. REIRO, IA IB III IV V VI VIL 057 96 82 226 88 .. 804 ... ... Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, Church of England Mission Church of Scotland M1481on Froo Church Mission Amorican Zenana Mission... 0 24 8 2 983 8A 808 1,051 .. 140 09 220 49 79 48 183 32 01 48 193 15 67 80 52 196 873 200 679 18 0 10 178 445 88 B ... 8 157. In this table the results for zonanas proper and for schools are combined, so that it presents a view of tho total operations of the different agencies. It appears that the value of the work done by each, as estimated by the number of passes, bears no very definite proportion to the amount of the grant drawn by each, as shown in an earlier paragraph. It is also seen that only eleven girls arc as yet found in the upper primary stage, and that a large proportion of the pupils are mere infants. It would be in some respects advantageous to relieve Mrs. Wheeler entirely from the inspection of infant schools taught by pundits or gurus, so as to enable her to devote her undivided attention to the inspection of zenanas proper, to which the ordinary inspecting staff of the Department havo no access. In the Presidency Division tho girls' schools declined from 359 to 842, and their pupils from 9,012 to 8,610. Cirls in boys' schools fell off from 4,163 to 3,928. The Assistant Inspector reports that the decreaso was partly due to tho stringency of the rules under which rewards are given to primary schools ; for though the teachers get rowards on a more liberal scale for girls than for boys, still the inducement afforded is not sufficient, as the girls usually pay no fces and are not so easy to monage. In the 24-Pergunnahs the aided schools increased by three, while Nuddea lost seven, Jessore eight, Khulna orshedabad six schools. Out of 14 candidates sent up, 6 passed the upper primary examination. At the lower primary scholarship examination 48 woro successful. It was stated in the previous roport that Mr. K. G. Gupta, as Magistrato of Jessore, had cancelled the lower primary scholarsbip examination for girls held in four centres in the Magura subdivision of that district. The newly formed District Board, however, subsequently resolved that the girls should be declarod to have passed that examination. The matter is still the subject of correspondence betweon the Inspector and the Commissioner. There are in the division two private agencies, viz. the Central Bengal Union and the Jessore-Khoolna Union, for conducting tho examination of girls according to their own standards, and for paying rewards to the most deserving pupils and their teachers. 158. In the Brrdwan Division the schools increased from 186 to 207, and their pupils from 4,752 to 4,798._Girls in boys' schools advanced from 9,598 to 9,644. There were two uniddle English and throe middle vernacular schools for girls, as in the previous year. The gurus keoping girls' classes are mostly paid by a capitation allowance; but it has been alleged that very little trust can be placed in the attendanco registers on which the allowance is drawn. In general, tho education imparted in these classes goes but little beyond a printed primer, and it is urged that the chief value of the classes is to introduce and establish the school going habit. All tho districts of the Burdwan Division now send up candidates to the scholarship oxaminations of the several grades that are annually held by the Uttarpara Hitakari Sabha. The results of the examination for the past year are given below:- NUNDER OP RXAMIJERG. NUMBER PASBED. SOHOLARAQIPO OBTAIN AD DISTRICTS. Q 8 . . 10 19 61 88 22 9 12 $0 20 WWE Tolat. ... 4 9 10 o ... Howrub Hooxhly Burdwan Harbhoom Hankooma Hidanpose ... 19 6 27 85 64 28 80 89 ... .. 17 S2 PO. ... Prawna ... 61 ... . .. Tota) 60 16 818 193 0 801 50 ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 87 FRBALE EDUCATION, At the lower primary scholarship examination 8 out of 24 in Bankoora, 4 out of 8 in Midnapore, and 3 out of 6 in Burdwan were successful. In Hooghly a junior scholarship of the value of Rs. 2 a month was awarded to a girl of the Ghutiabazar Girls' School on the result of an examination held in situ by the Deputy Inspector of Schools. Prizes in books, silver ornaments, fancy boxes, and dolls were awarded to the most successful girls in Hooghly and Midnapore. Miss Raikes, of the Zenana Association, and tho Rev. Š. N. Day are doing much for the promotion of female education in and about Chinsurah. The zonana agency at Midnapore under Miss L. O. Coombs has nine schools at work, but they have not as yet made much progress. The zenana agency at Burdwan under Miss Mulvany has four schools open, and is doing its utmost for the extension and improvoment of female oducation in Burdwan and its suburbs. 159. In the Rajsbahyo Division the number of schools declined from 95 to 93, and their pupils from 1,606 to 1,597. Girls in boys' schools decroased from 1,224 to 1,144. The largest decrease (174) took place in Bogra, Five girls passed the upper and nino the lower primary scholarship examination, of whom four gained upper and two lower primary scholarships. 160. In tho Dacca Division the schools advanced from 549 with 8,290 pupils to 670 with 10,211 pupils. There were also 9,200 girls reading in boys' schools, against 7,284 in tho preceding year, and 900 more in 122 private institutions. The number of girls' schools' has risen in Furroedpore and Mymensingh, and has slightly declined in Dacca and Backergungo. Two girls passed the middle vernacular, four the upper primary, and 242 the lower primary scholarship examination. There are four private agencies in the division established for the purpose of promotirg home study and of tosting it by examination, namely, in the districts of Dacca, Mymensingh, Furrecdporo, and Barisal. Each association is composed of natives of the district to which it apportains, who are mostly graduates of the University residing at Calcutta These societies have been at work for the last eight or nine years. At the boginning of each year they prescribe a course of studies in Bengali literature, geography, history, and arithmetic for zonana ladies, hold examinations by means of printed questions distributed amongst the guardians of the exaninces, and award prizes and schorlarships on the results of the examinations. Special prizes are also given for needle-work and cookery. Tho duty of superintending tho examinations is entrusted, in the absence of any other agency, to the guardians or near relatives of the examinces. The candidates have to depend entirely upon private tuition, some being taught by their guardians or relatives, others by near neighbours. The highest standard of examination is said to approach that of the middle vernaoular scholarship. In the ycar 1887, 2,675 candidates wero reported as being uuder instruction ; 1,556 offered themselves for examination by one or other of the standards, and of these 1,318 wero declared to have passed. The East Bengal Association, acting on behalf of these several bodies, has recently applied to ine for Government assistance and support in the conduct of these operations. What it specially desires is “ some sort of inspection by female agency with a view to impart a stimulus to the system, and to keep the educational authoritios informed of the progress that is being made." Though I have not been able to recommend the appointinent of a separate Inspectross for this purpose, I have assured the Association that it may count on the co-operation of the Department in other ways, 161. In the Chittagong Division the schools declined from 420 to 354, but their pupils rose from 5,223 to 5,482. There were also 6,284 girls in boys' schools, against 5,428 in the preceding. year, besides 1,216 girls in 160 privato indigenous schools. One girl passed the upper and 22 girls the lower primary scholarship examination. The Zenana Association of Comillalı, for which a grant of Rs. 100, a year has been sanctionod, held no examination during the year, and consequently did not draw its grant. 162. In the Patna Division the schools advanced from 118 to 143, and their pupils from 1,941 to 2,449. Girls in boys' schools increased from 2,462 to 2,535, owing, it is said, to more liberal rates of roward. Two girls passed the upper and two tho lower primary scholarship examination. 163. In the Bhagulpore Division tho schools declined from 88 to 69, and their pupils from 2,186 to 1,884. The largest loss is in Muldah. Girls in boys' schools rose from 1,648 to 1,789. Twenty-fivo girls passed the lower primary ·88 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR TAU EDUCATION. scholarship examination. The Bbagulpore Zenana Mission, connected with the Church of England, had three-schools with 120 pupils. 164. In Chota Nagpore the schools were 108 with 3,102 pupils, against 112 with 3,030 pupils. Girls in boys' schools numbered 2,640 against 2,884. The Inspector states that the aborigines of the division have not that prejudice against female education which the more ignorant sections of the Aryan races have. Three girls passed the upper and 80 the lower primary scholarship examination. 165. In the Orissa Division the schools rose from 81 with 2,045 pupils to 88 with 2,176 pupils. Girls in boys' schools increased from 2,962 to 3,168. Two girls passed the middle vernacular, 22 the upper primary, and 86 the lower primary scholarship examination. A Sub-Inspectress has been appointed in Balasore to inspect schools lying within the limits of the local municipality, Tho Balasore Zenana Association imparts education to married girls at their own homes. In the Orissa Tributary Mehals there were 6 schools with 149 pupils, against 3 with 94 in the previous year. Girls in boys' schools declined from 311 to 248. VIII.-EDUCATION OF EUROPEANS. EDUCATION OF KUROPEANS, 166. The number of Govornment, aided and unaided schools for Europeans on tho 31st March 1888 is shown in the following table, together with the corresponding figures from last year's report:- Number of schools on tuo 31st Murch Number of scholars in them on tho 31st March CLASS. 1887. 1888. 1887. 1888. ... Government Aided Unaided 1 59 12 1 55 16 82 4,882 1,427 79 4,821 1,641 ... ... Total 72 72 6,391, 6,541 . There is an apparent decrease of four and a real decrease of three in the number of aided schools. St. Joseph's Seminary at Darjeeling, the Convent School at Purneah, and Bishop Milman's School at Flowrah wore closed during the year, and the two railway schools at Khagaul were amalgamated. No new schools received aid during the year. There is a decrease of 61 in the number of children in aided schools, due to the closing of tho threo just named, which last year contained 124 pupils. The number of unaided schools has increased by four, and the number of their scholars by 214. One privato adventure school which furnished no returns last year has now dono so ; and three new schools have been opened :- St. Joseph's College at Darjecling, and St. Anthony's Pay and · Free Schools in Calcutta; the latter will appear next year as aided schools. 167. In the following table the schools are classified according to management: PRIMARY. MIDDLE. Πxos. TOTAL. UNDER THE MANAGEMENT OF Nuraber Numhor Number Number Number Number Number Namber of schools. of schol.rs. of scbouls.of scholars. of schoolo. of scholars. of schools.of scholark. .. ...... ...... :: 1 18 6 3 1 818 186 12 79 1,862 521 298 223 261 268 6 7 2 Government Roman Catholic Church Church of England Various dissenting bodies Jewe Railway Companies Private individuals Othors 1,067 844 231 1 28 14 6 2 12 79 3.287 1,561 541 228 408 284 223 ... .... II. ...... 7 1 1 142 16 14 ... 2 209 8 ..... Total ... 19 888 36 8,613 17 2,341 72 6,641 ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 89 EDUCATION OF RUROPEANS. The single Government school is the Boarding school at Kurseong. Twenty-seven out of the 28 Roman Catholic schools are managed, and 23 are taught, by members of the various religious orders. During the year two schools have been closed, and three new ones opened. Of the 14 schools connected with' the Church of England, six are parochial schools, four are under the Diocesan Board of Education, and four are endowed schools. One parochial school has been closed during the year. There is no change in the number of schools connectod with dissenting bodies ; two are supported by the American Methodists, two by the Baptists, and two by the Wosleyans. Out of the 12 railway schools, 10 are supported by the East Indian Railway, one by the Northern Bengal State Railway, and one by the Tirhoot State Railway St. Thomas' School at Howrah also receives aid from tho East Indian Railway, but it is not entirely under railway management. Of the six private adventure schools, three are aided and three unaided. The three schools appearing in the above table under the head of “Others" are the Doveton College, the Doveton Institution for Young Ladies, and the European School at Dinapore. The latter is supported by the military authorities, and is intended chiefly for the children of military pensioners. 168. The next table shows the number of primary, middle, and high schools on the 31st March 1887 and 1888, and the number of scholars reading in thom: NUMBER OF SCIOT.ARB IN THIEM ON TIE 318T MARCI Number of schools on tho 31st March CLASS 1887. 1888. 1887. 1888. Boys. Girls. Total Boys. Girls. Total. .. ... Iligh Middle ... Primary 16 98 18 17 36 19 1.293 1,850) 344 902 1,553 449 2.195 3,403 793 1.408 1.817 270) 933 1,696 418 2,341 3,612 688 ... Total ... 72 72 3,487 2,904 6,391 3,495 3,046 6,641 It will be seen that there is a gain of one high school (all that regularly road for the Entrance examination being included in that term), owing to the submission of returns by the Darjeeling Convent; a loss of two middle schools by reduction to the primary Aago; but u gain of only ono 'rimary school, owing to the amalgamation with a middle school of one that was returned separately 169. The total cost of European education in Bengal and the total expenditure incurred by Government are shown in the following table :- last year. 1886-17. 1887-88. Government expenditure (not). Total cxpenditure. Government exprildituru (1161). Total expenditure. Re. Rs. Rs. Rs. .. . Secondary schools Primary Scholarships Buildings Furniture and apparatus Superintendence .. 1,00,198 8,885 2.394 1,11,166 2,935 24,789 6,13,289 30.511 2,394 2,46,377 7.505 24,789 1,04,946 9.778 3.483 31,700 6,09,499 39 981 3,483 64,041 .. ... ...... ...... ... O. 23,111 23,111 Total ... 2,50,367 9,24,865 1,73,018 7,40,115 The large decrease arises under the head of “ Buildings,” which shows a reductiou of Rs. 80,000 in the Governmont grants, and of Rs. 1,80,000 in the expenditure from private sources. The accounts of the Government boarding school at Kurseong show a diminution of Rs. 2,471 in the expendituro, due to a decline in the number of scholars. M ·90 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR EDUCATION OF RUROPEANS. The total expenditure in the form of monthly grants was Rs. 97,998 against Rs. 95,208 in the previous year, and against an estimated expenditure of Rs. 1,00,500. The results of the annual examinations of 1887-88 were much better than was expected, and the estimated expenditure would have been exceeded, but for some unforeseen circumstances. The grant to St. Xavier's College was resigned in January 1887, and this caused a saving of about Rs. 2,500. The grant of Rs. 100 a month for the Entrance classes of St. James' was withdrawn in September, and although a grant of Rs. 20 a month was afterwards sanctioned on account of a carpentry class, a net saving of Rs. 480 was effected. Three aided schools were closed during the year, the total grants to which would have amounted to about Rs. 1,000. As usual there is a largo increase in the cost of scholarships, but the expenditure is only 60 per cent. of the total amount sanctioned. The cost of inspection was reduced by Rs. 1,678. In 1886-87 Mr. Nash had to attend a conference of Inspectors at Mussoorie, which added considerably to the expenditure on travelling allowances; and during the same year Mr. Bamford drew acting allowances whilo officiating as Inspector. 170, In the following table the total expenditure to Government for cach scholar is given for each class of schools, and also the expenditure for tuition only, i.e., exclusive of orphanage grants : Total esprendituro for vacli schular. Tuitional expendituro for oach scholar. Rs. A. P. Rs. A. P. High schools Middle Primary Schools of all classes 25 20 16 21 1 5 0 0 4 6 0 251 4 15 10 10 15.8 18 1 6 ... ... 171, The distribution of scholars by divisions is as follows:- IV PUBLIC 138111 CTIONS. DIVISION. Secondary schools. Primary schools. Total, 1887. 1898. 1887. 1888. 1887. 1898. Calcutta 8,773 3,961 48 202 4,221 4,168 ... . Presidency .. ... 496 ... ... 020 183 689 87 703 Burdwan ... 325 292 42 86 ... 367 ... 378 Rajulubye 350. ... 399 20 876 29 428 Dacca ... ... 42 36 86 .... 62 Chittagong 129 82 144 129 Patua 204 308 73 26 277 833 Bhagulporc 160 161 35 47 196 -198 Orissa ... 145 129 145 ..... 129 ... Chota Nagporc 41 41 ... ... Total ... 6,698 5,909 793 672 6,991 6,541 With the exception of a small school at Barrackpore, all the schools in the Presidency Division are in the suburbs of Calcutta. Of the 6,541 scholars in the Province, 4,854, or 74.2 per cent., are educated in Calcutta or the buburbs. 172. Ligh Schools.-Up to the close of the year under report, high schools were of two classes--those that read for the final standard of Schedule I of the Code, and those that read for the Entrance examination; the la er being ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 91 EDUCATION OF I.ITRUPRANS. distinguished under Article 30 as “ High Schools, B.” This distinction has recently been abolished; and all schools, for whichever standard reading, are now to be classed indifferently as high schools. schools. The following statement oompares the number of high schools of both classes in 1887 and 1888:- 31st March 1887. 31st March 1888. Aided Unaided Schools. Soholars. 11 1,242 6 953 Schools. Scholars. 12 1,337 6 1,004 Total 17 2,195 18 2,341 Two aided middle schools of last year (St. Thomas' and the boys' department of the Calcutta Free School) are now returned as high schools; while ono aided (St. Teresa's) and ove unaided school (Mr. Vallis's) have been reduced to the middle class. The Loretto Convent, Darjeeling, has now furnished returns. Hence there is an increase of one school. 173. High Schools.—The following table gives further statistics concerning these schools :-- High Schools. NUMBER OF PITILS ON 3i8T MANC'II. ACTIAL RKCRIPT FROM GOVERNMENT. TOTAL EXPENDITORE. 1887. 1888, NAXE OP SCITOOLS. Manugeunent. Monthly Government Kruut, 1887-88. Boys. Giris. Bors. Girls. 1986-87. 1987-38. 1830-57. Aided schools. Rs. A. P. | Rs. Rx. lis. Roman Catholic 224 65 202 10.737 ti, 13 Protestant 167 122 ... ... 75.131 310 5 ( (a)21,5555 3,813 140 14 11 1,718 1,0911 328 3 6 (0)14,988 ()11,1:44 7,203 ... ... Ditto 128 106 ... 59,163 1.08, 125 ] Dhurrumtollah Lorotto Doveton College 3 St. Paul's, Darjeeling of Doyotoni Institution Young Ladies 5 St. James's - for Ditto ... 5 98 cs 84 201 13 8 (11)1,800 2, 12: IE 1:1,3): Ditto 81 84 129 7 ... 1,803 .. ... 2,329 21,150 1:1,713 ... 6 Protestant European, Cuttuck Ditter 30) 33 33 ... ... 2,121 7,1:15' ti, Tito ... 160 165 105 N 0 2,513 215 C 0 (0)36,530) 133 3 4 (1)2,1119 2.938 21,.3%) 23,317 Dildo A5 83 89 1,616+ 1,117 Ditto 270 254 42,028 ... ... 7 Calcutta Girls' 8 Bt. Thomas', Howrah 9 Calontin Free (Boys' Dopartinen) 10 Lorotho Priory, Hazaribough 11 Darjeeling Girls' 12 Bt. Josoph's Hominary. Dar. jeelink ... Roman Catholic 20 15 29 817 1 1 (a)9,722 (1)10,221 9305 8 8 (i)249 1,630 200 01 (1):,775 2,310 11,:33 13,375 Protestant 1 61 43 41.775 ... Roman Catholic 78 *** ... ... 171 13 1,8918 (2)1,07 21,780 Total 000 740 507 ...... :17,481 +9,893 : 3,23,24,5 ......... 13,39,479) Unaided Schools. Roman Catholio 451 ... 401 (2)2,102 At. Xavior's College. 8 St. Joseph's Colloge, Durjooling 3 La Martinidro, Boys' Girls' Ditto ... ... ... ... Protestant .. 171 17 .. Ditto 80 ... 0 ..... Roman Catholic 19 16 ... 143 167 ... ...... 8 Loretto Hlouso 0 Loretto Convent, Darjen). İDK Ditto 36 05 ... ... ... ... ... Total 041 223 008 336 2,1912 (a) Inclusivo d. building grant of Rs. 18,000. Ditto of a building grant of Rs. 10,000 and a furnituro grunt of Rs. 790. Ditto ditio of Rs. 7,600. d) Pluused under tho Code from 1st November 1880. Inolusive of a building grant of Rs. 33,000 and a furnituru krant of Rs. 844.' Ditto of a grunt of Rs. 700 for repairs. Que-hull of the grant of Bus. 8963 (siccu Rs. 800) creditou to this department. ditto ditto litto. (1) Hecnívod aid from 1st December 1NA8. 0) Inclusive of furniture frunt of Rs. 320. (k) Whead from Int Decomber 1887. (2) Grant rosignod from 1st Januury 1897. M 2 ·92 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR EDUCATION OF EUROPBANS. The first school on the list is the only high school in the sense of the Code, namely, one which prepares candidates for the High Sphool examination of Schedule I.. Up to 1887 it also sent candidates for the Entrance examination ; but none were sent in 1888, and it is understood that the Entrance standard no longer forms part of the course. The rest of the schools, except the Darjeeling Girls' School, all send up candidates for the Entrance examination, the first three of them receiving a grant of Rs. 100 a month for the Entrance classes, and therefore coming under the definition of “High Schools, B." The number of schools 80 aided has fallen from five to three, by the removal from the list of St. James' School, Caloutta, and St. Joseph's Seminary, Darjeeling. The Darjeeling Girls' School has been formally recognised as a high school, but it has not yet sent up any candidates for either of the examinations. 174. In his last report the Inspoctor pointed out that the number of scholars in the Doveton Colloge had decreased steadily since 1883. In five years the number has fallen from 357 to 122. In a report on the financial condition of the Doveton submitted at the beginning of 1887, Mr. Nash pointed out that the decline of the school was due to mismanagement; its income was quite sufficient, if properly spent, to make it one of the best schools in the Province, but the greater part of it was omployed in paying large salaries to the teachers of the college department-a department for which experience showod that there was no roal demand. The college department has for some years received a monthly grint of Rs. 250, but the grant was withdrawn from the end of the year, on the ground chiefly that tho main. tenanco of the college department was injurious to the school. It is understood that the Committee have decided to maintain the college classes even without Government aid--a decision which the Inspector regards with apprehension. As in tho Doveton College, the number of scholars in the Doveton Institution for Young Ladies is steadily decreasing, and for the same reasons. In this case, however, there is a real demand for college classes; the number of girls passing the Entrance examination is increasing every year, and there is no other college suitable for Christian girls. Four young ladies went up to thc First Arts examination of 1888, of whom two passod in the third division. Four others passod the Entranco examination of the same year, and of these, thrco are now ready for the First Arts oxamination. A grant has been offered to the college department, but the Committee have not yet definitely accepted the offer. 175. The St. James' school was one of the fivo schools that in 1885 received grants of Rs. 100 a mouth on account of the Entrance classes. The grant was cancelled on the 1st September 1887, because the school had passed only one boy during the prereding three years. In the Entrance examination of 1388, however, three candidates passed out of four sent up. During the year a carpentry class was opened in connexion with the school, and a grant of Rs. 20 a month was sanctioned. The boys are taught by a European carpenter, and take roadily to the work; some of the specimens shown to the Inspector at the last examination wore very creditable. Tho Protestant European School at Cuttack has contained Entrance classes sor several years, but they have never been very successful. No candidate has passed since 1885. The Calcutta Girls' School and St. Thomas' School, Howrah, first sont up candidates to the Entrance examination in 1887, and both were successful. The Entranco classes of the former ought to be permanent; but owing to the constant changes that take place in railway schools, the Inspector thinks that St. Thomas' will not be able to maintain its place in the list of high schools. In the Calcutta Free School the only candidates sent up for the Entrance examination are pupil-teachers, and the school is really of the middle class. The Loretto Priory, Hazaribagh, was one of the first girls' schools to pass pupils at the University examination, but for some years it has sent up no candidates. St. Joseph's Seminary was transforred from Darjeeling to Naini Tal in November 1887, owing to a change in the boundaries of the Roman Catholic ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 93 KDUCATION OF EURO SZANS diocenes. A new school, St. Joseph's College, was opened by the Jesuits in the same building at the beginning of the present year, and a much larger building is under construction on a neighbouring site. It will contain both school and college classes. Of the five unaided schools ranked as.“high," St. Xavier's was formerly a high school according to the Code definition ; but it resigned its grant at the beginning of 1887, and ceased to send up candidates for the High School examination. All the others are Entrance schools ; the Loretto Convent, Darjeeling, having sent up candidates to the Entrance examination for the first time in 1888. 176. High School Examination.—As was foresoen, this examination attracted no candidates from any of tho boys' schools. Seven girls sont in their names, and six appeared at the examination, of whom three were teachers and three scholars. Of the three teachers, one passed completely, and thus qualified for a third-grade teacher's certificate. One passed in four out of the five compulsory subjects, failing in Bengali only; she had already obtained a thirdgrade certificate as a pupil-tcacher. The third toacher failed in every subject. Of the three scholars, two belonged to the Loretto Day School, Dhurrumtollah; one of these passed completely and earned the grant of Rs. 160 ; the other failed in every subject. Another scholar belonged to the Misses Stark's school, but appeared as a private student since the school is not recognised as a high school. She failed in all subjects, but throe months later passed the Entranco examination in the second division. 177. The following are the results of the University Entrance examination: Entrance Eramination, 1887 and 1888. Number candidates, First division. Second division. Third division, Total. Scholarships guinei. NAME OB SCHOOL. 1x87. 1888. 1887. 1889. 1887. 158, 1847. 1888, 1887. 1688. 1887. 183. 21 16 7 6 B 2 17 ... ... 1.4 19 13 10 5 3 15 9 ... ... 1 8 b 2 3 1 8 5 ...... 1 . 1 1 ..... 1 1 1 3 7. 2 . 1 1 2 2 ....C ..... ... . 1. St. Xavier's Collego 2. Dovoton Collego 3. La Martiniere for Boys 4. St. James' School 5. Calcutta Free School (Boys' Departurnt). 6. Dhurrumtollah Loretto 7. St. Joseph's Seminary, Dar. jeuling. 8. St. Paul's School, Darjaoling 9. Doveton Institution for Young Ladies. ... ...... ... 8 8 1 ) 1 .... 11 12 1 5 3 3 6 7 6 1 2 3 2 10. LA Martinière for Girls 3 1 1 . 11. Loretto House 1 1 -IG .... ...... 12. St. Thomas', Howrah 1 1 ...... 1 13. Ruberta Memorial 15 15 3 2 2 1..... 1 .. .. 3 . ... 1 II. 14. Oalcutta Girls' 15. Loretto Convent, Darjeolink 2 1 1 ..... Total 91 88 38 23 18 20 15 13 es 10 The percentage of successful candidates foll from 71 to 66, or by 5 per cent. ; whilo in schools for native boys it fell, owing to causes previously explained, from 69 to 46, or by 23 per cent. Tho superiority of European schools is a natural result of the examination being held in English. St. Xavier's was the most successful of all the schools at this examination. The three “ High High Schools, B," passed 9, 9 and 4 candidatos respectively; La Martinière for boys passed five, and Loretto House for girls four, both theso being unaided.

·94 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR &1lCATION OF EUROPEA.NB. 178. Middle Schools. The following table shows the number of middle schools of each class on the 818t March :- 31st March 1887. 31st March 188%. Schools. Scholars. Saboola. Botolare. Government 1 82 1 79 Aided 33 3,065 29 2,880 Unaided 276 6 563 Total 38 3,403 36 3,512 V One aided school, the Purneah Convent, was closed during the year: St. Thomas' at Howrah and the boys' department of the Calcutta Free School have been transferrod to the list of high schools, and St. Mary's, Hastings, and St. Elizabeth's, Howrah, to thu list of primary schools. St. Teresa's, Kidderporo, has beon roduced from a high school to a middle. This gives a totul loss of four aided schools. Among unaided schools, Mr. Vallis' Preparatory School has been brought down from the high school list, and the Benevolent Institution has been raised from primary to middlo. St. Anthony's is a new school. Against this increase of three schools must bo set the loss of one school owing to the reduction of Mr. Ardwise's Academy to the primary stage. 179. The following table gives details of all the middlo schools that have submitted returns : Middle Schools. NOALBER OF TI PILU ON 315r MIRO 11 ACTUAL RECKITTS FROM GOVERNMENT. TOTAL *XPENDITL'KR. NAMN OP SCHOOL. Manasemont. Monthly (invernment giant, 1887-88. 1887. 1838. . Boys. Girls. Girls. Boys, 180-57. -- 1887-89, 1880-87. 1887-88. Ks. A. P. RA Rs. Rs. Rs. I'rotestant 20 7 12.815 15,20 24,858 28,281 Protestant 67 50 ... ... 13 (1) ... Ronan Cutholic Diltu 09 71 239 184 1 10 1,12 (a)13,4919 6,5:33 15,5:51 10, 110 6,713 | 6,7985 11,8:2 16,6:45 fi,45155 ...... 287 ...... 213 172 170 Ditto 1'rotit Romani Ortholic I'mototunt Ditto Roman Catholic 90 1001 51 20 -1 11 10 11:12 170) 1 1,8R5 1,218 4,849 8,336 2,246 (c) 8,763 1,00 8:29 8,789 1,648 706 3,709 848 (0) 8415 BA 819 1,050 1 13 21 jos 1 0 717 39 11 1871 1 87 13 B OOK 0 147 15 10 tits & 257 ) 01 11 2 11! 6 0 8 64 7 8 82 10 9 1.890 (1)19,400 (vl) 1,733 13 8,981 1,572 (c) 420 3,209 (A) 10,048 1,394 tid)) (1) 60 1,038 21,316 4,5-10 16,485 8.159 18,000 13,400 0,477 8,804 2.72 8,38.) 2.8119 1,997 5,270 Gorprnmont. 1 Bonrding School, Kinkcong, Airlrıl Schools. 1 Welland Meniorin! 21 ('nleutti Born 3 i Catholic Mulo Orplinnnge 81. Jo.c.ph's Bourdinig (l'ay Departnient), 6 Ditto ditto (Froe ditto) 6 Calcuttu Free (Girls' Dcpurtinell) 7 St. ('hrysostom's Pratt Memorint | Miss ('Brien's 10 Lorotto Orphanage, Entully 11 Ditto Boariling (lo, 19 St. Teresa's, Kidderporu 13 How Bazar Loretto 14 Wesleyan l're paratory 15 St. Paul's Mission 10 Min4CN Nork's 17 Europman and Eurasian, Dacen 18 Enst Indian Railway, Janualpore Boys Departinent. 19 Enki fudinu Nulway, Jamalpore (iirls' Department. 20 East Indian Ralway, Jamalporo Night School. 21 St. Alichnol's, Coworje Lust Indian Itxilway, Ankungol 23 Assuole Convent 24 St, Joseph's Orphanage. Bankipore 25 litto Prinding, dittu 28 St. Anne'. Howrah St. Pin "H, Chittagong 28 Fnat Immu Railway, Khagoul 29 Xt. Josph's l'onsent, Cuttack 30 Couvent, l'urricah Total 20,113 3,3/4 10,513 3,665 20, 2011 13,2141 6,284 5,598 6,050 8,417 2,180 2,079 6,709 2411 201 . 31 ... Ditto Protintant Ditto Ditto 53 a 7 18 11i JS itto Ditto 21 40 106 16 10 1,019 1,278 ... 3,124 3,307 Ditto 30 33 30 11 0 407 883 699 . I.... .... . 628 105 ... 1 10 10 i1 1!1 72 7 00 1.11 13 ... Roman (':chlic Irotestnut Romani (illole Ditto Dillo Iritto Ditto P11 Cuint Roman Catholic 1).ttu 4. 43 J7 49 0 51 ! 100) 5 3 117 1) 1 8 2,170) 7661 (3) 0,781 1,54% 1.306 1,(100% 782 1,157 (2) 0,205 1,147 9,710 8,465 3,043 4,826 7,665 7,0403 1,275 3,710) 3,814 8,036 (i) 6,110 765 (k) 18,486 1,474 1,822 1,087 1,008 786 1,186 (m) 768 75,867 11,628 3,223 0,323 4,216 11,188 0,672 1,718 8,008 4.HU ... 1133 0 1+ 98 10 8 0 0 10 1.3.+ 1,308 1,135 1,416 80,401 a.... 2,08,480 2,21,369 19 ...... ..... #.. 03 11+ 17 72 ... 10168 ...... ... ... 79 ! ... ... .... ... ..... Unaillac Schools. 1 Mr. Vallin' Preparatory noinnn (atholic Menevolent Institution Protestant & Jewish Boyn Jewish Ditto Girls' Do. 8 Cumphell Cottoku rottant Mt. Anthony's irlo (Pay Depart komin Catholic ment). Total 136 .. TI! I. .. LO 111 41 39 03 ..... ... 303 ..... ...... ...... (n) Inclusive of building krant of R*. 8,000 (or the branch opilunak 1 lin-Dum. One-hulf of the granit of Rs. Ad (Nicco Rs. 200) credited to this department, and inclusive of Rs. !1,600 for building. Tritto ditto ditto dillo ditto. (a) l'acul under the Codo from 1st Marul 18x7. ( 0) Ditto ditto Int August 1830. 1) Incin-ive of a building grant of Rs. 9,501). iritto ditro 2,730. Ditto furniture grant of Ditto lukking ditto 3,800. Ditto ditto ditto 3,010, Ditto ditto Ditto ditto ditto 8,000. (mClosud from 1st November 1887. 39 » 15,000), ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 95 + EDUCATION OF EUROPEAN. A change was made in the constitution of the Government Boarding School, Kurseong, at the end of 1887. For the first eight years of its existence both boys and girls were admitted; but the arrangement was not found to be altogether satisfactory, and for the last two or three years the number of girls had steadily decreased. At the end of 1887 it was decided to make it exclusively a boys' school. The popularity of the change is shown by the fact that all the available accommodation was at once filled up, and many boys were refused admission for want of space. Proposals are now under consideration for the erection of a new building. 180. The Middle Scholarship Examination comes properly under the head of secondary education; but the Inspector has included it under that of primary education, in order to show together the results of both examinations. 181. Primary Schools. The following table shows the number of aided and unaided primary schools on the 31st March, and the number of scholars in them: 31st March 1887. 31st March 1888. Aided Unaided Schools. 15 3 Pupils. 575 218 Schools. 15 4 l'upils. 604. 81 Total 18 793 19 688 Bishop Milman's School at Howrah was closed during the year, owing to want of funds and a falling off in the armber of children. The girls' school at Khagaul has disappeared from the list, owing to its analgamation with the boys' school. St. Mary's and St. Elizabeth's were shown as middle schools last year. On the whole there is no change in the number of aided schools. Of the four unaided schools only one appeared in last year's list. Mr. Ardwiro's Academy was returned as a middle school; the Tirhoot State Railway School at Somastipur was in existence, but furnished no returns; and St. Anthony's is a new school. Two schools have disappeared from the list, ono of which, a private adventure school, has furnished no returns, and the other now appears as a middle school. 182. A complete list of all the primary schools is given below: Primary Schools. NCANER OF PUPILS ON 31HT MARCU ACTTAL RRCRIPT FEUN GOVERNMENT. TOTAT EXPENDITURE. NAME OP SCHOOL. Management. Monthly Giovernment kraut, 1887-88. 1887. 1888, Boys. Girls. Boys. | Girls. 1890-87. 1687-88. 1880-37. 1887-39. Aillad Schools. Rs. A. l'. Rs. Rs. RA. Rs. 15 436 (f) 3,971 388 .. 19 52 11 47 .. 12 41 37 81 63 10 12 14 8 ... 20 2 4 110 0 10 48 1.6 2 77 74 12 8 43 92 29 24 7 11 19 12 8 ... ..... ...... Protestant Ditto Roman Catholic Protestnut Roman Catholic Protestant Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Dilto Roinan Cutholic Titto Ditto Protestant ... 18 St. John's l'arochial Nt. John's Girls' 4 St. James' Parochial 8 Bt. Anne'H, Entally 6 Europena, Din pare 7 Wesleyan Mission, Barrackporo 8 Kuropann, Balipur 9 East Indian Railway. Bahebgungc... 10 Ditto ditto, Buxur Ditto ditto, Rannapunge Ditto ditto, Morthupur 13 St. Mary's, Hastings 14 At. Elizabeth's, Howrah 16 Bt. Scholasticn's, Chittagong 18 Bishop Milman's, Howrah Total 12 30 191 35 68 10 B 16 6 18 8 8 10 94 60 7 12 12 6 10 9 6 29 613 1,128 C-MOS 31:36 (a) 651 (6) 700 (0) 410 201 282 63M 841 (d) 214 878 480) (€)10, 894 B92 2,554 2,777 1,434 2,441 6,051 2,019 1,102 1,175 920 2,280 1,215 1263 6,868 ... 2,453 8,245 1.993 2.172 5,757 1,738 1,250 1,201 808 2,269 1,2003 899 4,205 2,641 3,028 917 657 838 312 331 696 329 281 806 657 1,200 (0) 288 8 .. ... 26 6 24 S 10 09 13 0 59 10 117 63 41 17 8 24 37 10 25 21 69 10 . ... 10. ... 19 16 8,074 1,281 10. 1. ...... ...... ...... 204 981 247 957 19,870 12,428 86,787 39,980 ...... 202 12 8 ... ... ..... Protontant Ditto 8 4 ...... . .... ...ec ..... ... Unaidad Schools. 1 Mr. Ardwing's Aondemy g European, som stipur 3 8t. Anthony's Girla(From Dopart. ment) 4 Bast Indian Railway, Pawadih Total ...... ..... .... Roman Catholic Protestant 35 14 8 8 29 20 28 61. .. ... (a) Placed under the Code from 1st August 1886. (0) Inclusive of a furnituro gruunt of Rs. bo. (c) Ditto ditto) 84. id) Placed under tho Code from lat April 1886. (el Inolusive of a building grunt of Rs. 10,000. (7) Llitto ditto 2,660. (0) Closed from 1st October 1687.

·96 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR EDUCATION OF 183., Scholarship Examinations. The following table shows the results pf the middle and primary scholarship examinations of 1886 and 1887:- EUROPEANB. NUMBER OB SUOCESSFUL CANDIDATRI. Number of competing schoola, Number of Number of oundálates, abuenteen. Number of aoholarships obtained. First claas. Second class. Third olust, Touail. 1880. 1887 1880. 1887 1888. 1887. 1888. 1887. 1886. 1887. 1886, 1887. 1884. 1887.1888. 1887. Middlo scholarship, boge 7 8 20 20 ... 1 3 7 14 8 girls ... 7 7 9 15 8 7 7 ... certificate, boys 0 7 36 29 1 1 4 19 1 7 ... 8 20 .. ... girls ... 11 10 85 46 2 8 B 14 18 10 .. Total ... 20 21 100 110 5 6 2 11 46 S1 09 Primary scholarship, boys 17 in ... 02 7 12 90 17 19 16 10 10 girls 16 21 ... 61 71 9 13 11 17 28 8 17 38 1 56 10 1. certificate, boyy 18 l 80 112 7 8 1., 10 30 21 20 84 03 ... girls 28 18 131 129 13 33 26 14 22 98 72 . ... 1 10 Total 39 39 333 383 85 68 100 97 02 81 2:46 230 18 20 GRAND TOTAL 39 103 20 27 90 GO 118 108 107 112 816 280 25 28 The most noticeable feature with regard to this examination is the large. incrcase in the number of girls competing for scholarships. In 1885 only two of tho girls who appeared at the middlo examination were under 15 years of ago, and thereforo able to compote for scholarshipı; in 1886 there wero nino girls under that ago; and in 1887 the number had increased to 15. They appeared from schools that had regularly sent up to the examination all, or nearly all, the girls who wero eligible, so it is clear that the number of girls who reach Standard VII before completing their fifteenth year is increasing: At the primary oxamination of 1885, 35 girls competed for scholarships ; in 1886 there wero 61 candidates, and 71 in 1887. The number of boys competing for middle scholarships was the same as in 1886, but there was an increase of 16, or more than 25 per cent., in the number of candidates fo: primary scholarships. There was an increase in the number of candidates for certificates of both grades; and the total number of candidates that actually appeared at the examination for primary and middle scholarships or certificates was 466 in 1887, against 408 in 1886. Almost all the large schools in the Province now send up candidates to these examinations, the only important exceptions being La Martinière for Boys and the Roberts Memorial College, both unaided. The other schools that do not compete are all weak primary schools, or middle schools with very few. children above Standard IV; and most of these are situated at stations where no examination is held. 184. The percentago of passes at both examinations was considerably lower last yoаr than in 1886, and rather lower than in 1885, as will be seen from the following comparative statements :- Percentago of PASNOS. ws 1885. 42.3 50 1886. 69.1 70-5 1887. 34. 48.3 Middle Scholarship examination :.. Girls II. Total 447 69.7 41.9 ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 97 EDUCATION OF Percentage of passes. 1885. 1886. 1887. 60.8 79.1 60 83.8 80 70.7 EUROPBANS. Primary Scholarship examination... Boys Total 72-4 79.6 65.1 An explanation of this great fall in the percentage of passes is suggested by a comparison of the percentage of passes of candidates for scholarships with that of candidates for certificates : Porcentago of pagaOS, 1885. 1886. 1887. 72.4, 51.2 45:1 68.6 37.5 61.5 77.1 70.1 76.3 81 02-2 Candidates for middle scholarships Ditto ditto certificates Ditto primary scholarships Ditto ditto certificates 43.5 1 These figures show that, relatively to candidates for scholarships, the candidates for certificates have steadily deteriorated during the last two years. In 1884 and 1885 there was a large increase in the number of candidates for certificates, especially at the primary examination. Somo Schools that had not previously sent up candidates sent up all, or nearly all, the scholars in Standards IV to VI, and also those in Standard VII who were not considered fit for the middle examination. As the primary examination is in the work of Standard IV, the percentage of passes war naturally raised above the average. After one or two examinations these schools were obliged to select candidates chiefly out of Standard IV, since most of those in the higher standards had already obtained certificates; and as there were vory few new schools to take their place, the percentage of passes was reduced. Another cause for the fall in the percentage is that some of the schools, especially those that aro unaided and uninspected, now send up the whole of the fourth and seventh standards to the examination in order to test the work of the entire classes. 185. Article 104 of the Code states that "scholarships are tenable only in schools recognised by the Department as efficient. In previous years no school was recognised as efficient unless it was regularly inspected and examinod; but at the beginning of the year under report, it was decided that exceptions might be made to this rule in the case of schools known to be efficient, provided the course of instruction conformed in general to the Code standards. The schools so rocognised are St. Xavier's, Loretto House, La Martinière for Girls, Loretto Convent, Darjeeling, and the Roberts Memorial College. The first four all sent up candidates; at the middle examination none obtained scholarships, but at the primary examination St. Xavier's obtained two scholarships, and the others one each. 186. During tho year a change was made in the mode of awarding scholarships. In former years the province was divided into four circles, and a certain number of scholarships allotted to each, so that there was no competition between candidates from different circles. The object of this division was to equalise the chances of different schools. It was supposed that children belonging to schools examined in November or Docember, that is, just before or just after the scholarship examination, would bave a great advantage over children belonging to schools oxaminod in July or August ; and the circles were so arranged as to allow of all the schools in one circle being examined within a period of one or two months. Four years' experience showed, first, that the difference in tho date of the annual examination of the schools had no appreciable effect upon the result of the examination, and secondly, that it was impossible to examine all the schools in the same circle about the same time. The division of the province into circles was also unfair, since it gave only onehalf of the total number of scholarships to schools in Calcutta, though these contain three-fourths of the total number of scholars. The circles were therefore abolished, and the competition made general. Under the new rules, one scholarship is awarded for every five candidates, up to a limit of 20 primary and 12 middle scholarships; the limit under the old rules being 5 primary and 3 middle scholarships for each of the four circles. N ·98 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR EDUCATION OF XUROPEANS. 187. For middle scholarships there were 34 candidates, 80 that 7 scholarships might have been given, but only 6 candidates obtained sufficient marks to qualify for scholarships. These scholarships were distributed among the different circles in the following proportion: .. ... South Calcutta North North-East Bengal South-West 3 1 2 0 ... ... ... 00 If the old rules had remained in force, only one scholarship could have been given in North-East Bengal, since the number of candidates did not exceed five; in the other circles there would have boon no change. For primary scholarships there were 149 candidates, of whom 68 obtained sufficiont marks to qualify for scholarships. Under the old rules, 4 scholarships might have been given in North-East Bengal, and 5 in each of the other circlos; but under the new rules, 20 scholarships were awarded, as follows:- . ... ... ... ... .. ... South Calcutta North North-East Bengal South-West 9 6 3 2 ... The Calcutta schools gained 5 scholarships by the change of rulos; those in North-East Bengal lost one, and those in South-West Bengal lost 3. The distribution is, however, much fairer than before, regard being had to the number of scholars in each circle. 188. The next two tablos show tho result of tho scholarship examination for each school separately :- Result of the Middle Scholarship E.camination, 1887. NUMBER PABBED IS TUR NAME OF SCHOOT.. NUYNIER OT CANDIDATES FOR Numlor abhoot. Scholnr- Oertificates. ships. Total. Number of scholar ships gained. First division. Bocond division. Third division, 8 0 2 6 2 I. ... Darjorling Girla' 81. Xavior's College Loretto Ilouse 8 6 6 .. ... ...... ..... 4 2 2 ... ... ...... ..... ...... .... .. 3 1 1 ... ... ...... ... Calcutta Froo, Boys' St. Jonoph's, Caloutta Dhurrumtolla Loretto ... 2 1 1 1 1 8 1 2 8 8 Bow Bazar Loretto .. 8 8 3 ... ... Calcutta Girls' 4 8 8 ... ... ..... ..... .. 0 Doveton Collego *. 1 2 1 8 ..4 La Martiniore, Girls' ... 1 8 1 1 . I. .. St. James's 2 9 ...... ...... 2 2 4 ..... . .... 1 1 2 1 .. .. .... Loretto Priory, Huzaribagh St. Michael's, Ooorjco Calcutta Frun, Girls' Pomalo Normal Dovoton Institution 2 ..... ... ...... .... ... .. ..... 6 1 1 . ... ..... ..... vot. Private studonts 2 ... .. 1 . ..... St. Thorans'. Howrah ..... ... - ...... 1 .... ..... ... ...... .... .... ... Mr. Ardwire's A cadomy Bt. Joerph's Boarding, Bantiporo Orphanago ,. John's Parochial Chrysostom's I. ..... ..... .... ... ...... v... 1 ..... .... 00 ...... . 10... ...... Total 86 78 & 11 81 ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 99 Result of the Primary Scholarship Examination, 1887. KDUCATION OF EUROTLANS. NUMBER OF CANDI- DATEO TOK NUMBBE PASBRD IN TIE- NAME OR SOHOOL, Number absent. Total. Number of scholar. ships gained, Scholarships. Certificates. First division, Second division, Third division. 12 13 1 3 8 6 10 2 .00 ... St. Xavier's Collage Loretto Priory, Hazaribagh Doveton College 11 7 7 ... .... 6 20 2 7 5 . ...... Caloutto Girls' 0 9 2 LS 7 ... ... . .. ...... 6 9 1 12 5 13 2 2 4 12 .. .. ... St. James' St. Joseph's St. Paul's, Darjeeling Darjeeling Girls' La Martinière, Girls' 18 3 1 6 6 19 ... 6 14 5 2 T 6 11 000 15 1 3 3 10) ... ...... Miss O'Brien's 9 3 2 3 6 1 II. ... Pratt Memorial 4 1 3 4 2 . ... ... Loretto Boune z 2 8 1 3 2 1 .. .. 6 6 1 .. ..... 4 4 3 7 1 In . 1 1 3 7 8 1 2 4 7 1 2 2 ...v.. ...... 3 3 2 1 6 ... I. ..... 1 2 1 B I. .. . Ia Loretto Convont, Darjeeling Calcutta Preo, Girls' East Indian Railway, Buxar ... Government Bourding. Kurscong liburrumtollah Lorotto St. Thoman', Ilowmb Doveton Institution St. Michael's, Courjeo St. John's Parochial Protestant Europein, Cuttack Welland Memorial ... Rast Indian Railway, Jamalpore St. Joseph's Boarding, Baukiporu St. Paul's Mission 7 1 2 9 2 8 3 . 3 1 ..... 4. 6 ... 4 1 4 3 1 1 1 1 3 ... 7 1 3 ..... ..... 1 2 1 8 ... 1 3 ... .... .. 5 2 9 II Culoutla Tron, Boys' Entally Orphanaga Jawinb Girls' Fantally Boarding and Day St. James' Parochiul 1 3 ដ b 9 ... ...... 100 2 2 .. ...... 2 ... 2 ... Bow Bazar Lort 'lo ... 5 2 Miasen Stark's 2 .. 3 ? ... .... . ..... St. John's Girls' 90 .... 10 .. 1 8 ...... ...... 3 1 1 6 1 1 1 6 1 1 ...I St. Chrysostom's Catholic Mule Orphanage Benevolent Institution .. Jowish Boys' Caloutta Boys' Bt. Joseph's Orphanage, Bankiporo... Mr. Ardwise's Academy 1 ... ... 8 2 ...... 3 ... ... 1 1 1 S..... ..... 1 1 II... ..... .I. 1 % ..... Total 149 2:36 68 97 AI 230 20 189. The following table shows the percentage of passes in the annual examinations for each class of school and for cach standard: N 2 ·100 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR Results of the Awaminations EDOCATION OF EUROPEANS. PERONNTAGE OJ Elementary subjeots. BTANDARD. CLASS. Namber Number of scholars of schools entered on examined. the examin. Ation Achedule. Scholars disqualified Non by in. Europeans. wuthciency of attend ancus. Abuontees. Boholar eligible for instruction grant Ronding. Writing. Arithmetio. 1886-87. 1887-88. 1886-87. 1887-88, 1896-87. 1887-88. 1886-87. 1887-88 1836-7. 1887-88. 1886-87. 1887-88. 1886-87. 1887-88. 1886-87. 1887-88. 1886-87. 1887-88. 13 108 Middle schools for boys Ditto for girls Primary schools 84'8 18 32 18 180 297 100 188 360 86 24.8 293 5-8 10 24 1° 64 39 24.9 27.1 71.8 68.7 60.1 7896 | 90°7 70'8 801 002 003 90'S 80'9 93 1 80*9 884 87-9 876 8998 818 89.7 78-8 898 16 681 Total 68 60 614 30 2.9 20.8 23.0 26 877 71 90°7 90'6 90-9 875 8108 819 4'8 106 1. 2:1 JI Middle schools for boys Ditto for girls Primary schools Total 18 29 10 16 32 14 187 836 70 192 8205 77 10 197 21'5 13.8 193 1699 1'8 778 784 7203 797 778 7898 834 878 877 9008 90*8 91'4 91•7 948 83* 92•9008 988 797 48 884 8803 80'8 09 898 62 20 ... 160 58 01 601 696 4'5 20 18'8 17.1 22 2 7408 78' 804 907 929 942 8157 81 13 12 19 779 872 In 16 92 14 Middle schools for borg Ditto for girls Primary schools Totul 216 $80 78 216 390 82 36 194 14.0) 11'5 2') 18 74 1407 2206 42 28 82 7996 70% 789 8997 8007 726 88• 88' 918 8806 924 978 88.9 809 089 ... 7898 649 089 77 8602 607 60 61 630 003 129 802 70-2 809 62 90'8 824 85-8 71'1 70* ... 13 16 828 02:4 .. 270 310 939 807 58 07 J07 90 11 10? 39 0 IV Middlo Achools for boya Ditto for girls Primary schools Totul 23 4.5 AS 3 84 yu's 862 778 818 881 887 884 7 87 91.2 888 867 879 93.0 87'1 43 041 54 60% 31 41 10'8 88 28 89'4 84'8 8505 90'8 89-1 80 6 786 70*5 203 226 108 3:1 838 V Middle schools for hora Ditto for girls 12 27 15 30) 09 07 • 1.7 31 82:3 98 87. 85.2 80'8 827 894 940 914 91.9 0988 917 79-8 84-8 Total 34 45 413 603 28 2-8 6 14 2:8 8699 86.9 876 88.3 91.8 829 12 v 2:3 0 O. Middle schools for hors Ditto for girls 14 28 110 146 80 132 167 27 •7 88 26 907 952 884 879 BA'S 90'6 099 978 657 8805 70'6 892 88-1 79 57 98 877 Total 30 280 16 39 42 94 1 872 88 98 7899 82:1 81.3 817 VII 10 17 70 AR 84 8.8 786 Middle achoua for boys Dituo for girls Total 19.2 1 2.1 3'9 21 16 2:13 108 878 828 80'S 9087807 88 % 100 986 78*8 9008 29 79.8 90 80-9 8809 J09 ... 27 90 112 178 1'8 82 998 73 98 107 8448 848 808 887 888 86-3 874 ... 13 56 11'6 394 Total for s Middle schools for hors Il ntuud. Ditto for girls urdu, Primary schools 15 1,170 1,243 99 1,728 1.1.1 15 3:32 282 152 87 16 11'1 109 28 27 20 67 2.1 819 799 7809 824 80197 76.2 843 8908 8997 896 941 9309 861 7999 888 89'1 849 9002 6768 80'1 81 06 10 33 194 78 GRAND TOTAL FOR ALL SCHOOLS 58 0 3,230 : 3,880 39 142 13:1 22 28 7907 8008 87'5 918 87'1 880 79.1 81'1 Specini . BENGALI 111XDI. LATIN, Wymbor of scholars preisonteud. I'crcentage of fa&scs, Number of schours pros'uted. l'urcentage of passes, Number of scholars prosented. Peroontago of passes. STANDARD. 1886-87. 1896-57. 1856-87. 1886-87. '88-1881 1886-87. 1887-88. essere '1557-SS. ✓ce 1856-87. V 98 4000 32 8 62 11 17 225 75 0 25 132 47.1 11 6 2 0 0 100" 50 011 00*7 8503 27'3 412 419 3467 4896 VII D 37 Total of all standards 81 80 407 16 11'1 54'5 202 184 3807 42-9 ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 101 held in 1886.87 and in 1887-88. EDUCATION OF EUROPRANS. PIROBNTAQI 07 PABGES IN PERCENTAGE OP SCHOLARS PABSXD IN Class subjects. Percentage of instruction grant carned. Threa elementary subjeote. Two elementary subjects. One elementary subject. No. clementary uubjort. Kagliah. Noodlowork. Geography. History. Mathemat 103. Science, 1880-87. 1880-97. 1887-88. 1886-87. 1887-88. 1886-87. 1887-89. 1886-87. 1887-98. 1886-87. 1886-87. 1887-88. 1886-87. 1887-88 *38-26SI 21 .. .. 6'8 918 $0.9 008 981 948 178 178 883 997 889 949 722 71003 6603 75'8 72-9 70*7 20.6 14*0 2808 86 6'0 · 68 :::: 8 306 1.7 88.8 80'4 78.8 8702 88• 88'4 ... 602 .. .. ... .. 01 98'8 8718 877 73 781 JN" 18'3 74 67 100 2'5 80'9 841 2804 34 797 .60 10. 87'8 8008 87% 8A'S 84'2 97.9 88 80*6 60'6 79*7 76'8 80'6 71.7 69'1 5708 899 72'1 752 723 838 80°9 80* 2003 23'3 2003 8.3 28 62 310 106 ... 1.9 1'0 17 ... 814 79* 776 S3'4 88 10 0766 8608 88.8 81'8 BU"7 8097 7098 885 72-2 231 302 13 105 749 7995 711 .. ... 721 806 88.3 880 8606 998 854 90'2 88' 7004 884 993 859 08'2 587 649 50'8 87.6 76-8 25 32 393 211 20*!) $39 128 11.3 9'8 88 1.9 0:1 10'6 13:3 11 1'6 875 648 013 ... 7998 786 CA'S 01:1 781 8698 86'1 800 81.3 89-8 ... 5: 7 64: 80* 116 92 22 1'4 05 76 ... ... ... . 102 105 096 8605 80'6 89'6 8.8 794 078 878 09'2 097 SA 77 8209 738/ 74*8 707 8308 8800 779 86-1 289 264 788 031 680 157 200 2308 0.7 738 70 ... H'S b'o 15 AGC 70*8 80's 7Rº6 712 67% ... 57 84'0 8167 7696 829 ... 086 097 29'1 21.7 712 70 11 ... 16 07 784 0 ... SR-9 80'9 88 8 60°2 7606 BO'9 668 72.7 6598 44.9 878 70'1 738 74'3 7893 800 720 44'4 83 59.7 80.3 07.0 707 999 10:1 273 180 818 102 32 4°N 38 5 1° 8 424 65 63'e 66.9 4597 08:1 8103 7098 6307 0897 82'2 749 781 782 0 333 683 724 2.1 9 642 6683 70'8 ... 687 61.8 71 BO'S 762 9 68'4 79 07.0 7112 80'4784 55'8 62-5 04.3 0 517 0 80° 088 28'4 27.3 682 89-0 28.9 264 137 30 708 *7 66°6 88.9 478 67 7 671 6996 8'1 ...... 684 648 784 68'2 676 743 8907 70'8 674 50.9 80* 489 80'8 667 27'8 27 799 37 4 38'5 e35 67.1 3598 599 78-8 80.8 49696969 804 80 91.8 O'S 70'2 811 89 91.1 79.8 7808 7009 786 82'4 84-9 40 24 78° 82 279 211 573 789 89'8 78 70*7 132 ***100 049 778 ...... 628 61'8 789 73 898 876 7899 9162 4999 768 6108 7708 70'3 00'5 274 238 1'1 38 1.1 303 8098 7208 400 64'1787 784 79-1 884 87 06'6 7698 7799 70'1 643 8197 78'1 90°C 71'8 72.9 828 876 873 4104 714 007 718 888 81'1 82 07 80° 80'S 7286 782 279 2:34 812 29 228 26.0 29 . 06 62 7'1 18 1'5 109 397 69'8 019 601 ... 7399 78 79'6 83'3 81'1 738 80'2 01'6 70*8 08'6 7107 39'3 632 017 699) 27 74 58 109 1'0 05 6 779 subjects. FRENCI. BOTAYY. DRAWING. Number of scholars prosented. Percentage of PASS8. Number of scholars presented. Percentage of Dashes. Yumber of scholars presented. Percentage of Passe8. $16.07. 扩ns 27 11 30 7 18 18'5 0 22-2 tas 46-7 429 28 7 39 46 9 793 780 8897 7508 009 100 40* 11.9 9 80 87 75'4 70'1 ·EDUCATION O EUROPEAN13 table, which 102 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR In provious reports the schools were divided into four classes, high schools being taken separately. In the foregoing table high schools have been included under the head of middle schools. This table refers to examinations under the Code, and under the Code only one school is recognised as a high school. All the other aided schools in the list, with two or three exceptions, are in reality middle schools, with a very small number of scholars in training for the Entrance examination, and in several cases the teaching of these scholars is entrusted to persons who are not members of the regular school staff. Sone of them may eventually become bona fide high schools, but this is uncertain. In the absence of any well-imnarked line of distinction, it is better to include all under the bead of middle scbools. The tablo shows an improvement in the percentage of passes in all the ciomentary and class subjects, except in needlework in which there is a slight falling off. In most of the subjects an improvement has taken place in every standard, the only exception worth notice boing in mathematics in Standard VI. There was also an improvement in Latin, the only special subject in which the number of children exanıined is sufficiently large for the percontage of passes to be a fair test. 190. In 1886-87 all the schools, taken together, earned 65.6 per cont. of the total possible instruction grant; in 1887-88 the percentage rose to 73. The large increase is partly due to the general improvement of the classes already referred to; but this would account for only 2 or 3 per cent. The remaining 4 or 5 per cent. is due to a change in the scale of grants for class subjects. In 1886-87, Rs. 4 was paid for each pass in a class subject if 50 per cent. of the scholars in a class passed, and Rs. 5 if 75 por cent. passed. Hence, if the percentage of passes was Ivetween 50 and 75, the percentage of grant earned was one-fifth less than the percentage of In 1887-88, the grant was Rs. 4 for cach pass in all cases where 50 or more than 50 por cent. of the scholars passed, so that the percentage of grunt earned was tho same as the percentage of passes. The effect of this chango is shown in the following and special subjects separately : passes. PERCENTAGE OR GIANT EARNED IN Elodientnry subjects, Class subjects. Spocial subjects. ... 1886-87 1887-88 77.8 S09 57.1 60.4 39. 45 p The increase in the percentage is three times as great in the case of class subjects as it is in the case of elementary subjects. The total number of scholars examined in special subjects is very small, so that the increase of 6 per cent. in the grant zurned does not much affect the total percentage. A grant was carned for " singing by noto” in 13 schools. With two exceptions, the system in uso was the tonic sol-fa, which has only been introduced into the schools during the last two years. In most cases very creditable progress has been inadc. The two remaining schools are taught on the old notation or staff system ; but in neither case'aro the children up to the standard found in the tonic sol-fą, classes, although singing by note has in both schools formed a part of the regular courso for some years. Twenty-four sohools obtained a grant for “singing by ear.” As a rule, the children have good voices and show signs of careful training, the result being quite up to that of ordinary English schools. Four schools obtained a grant for drill. In two other cases drill is well taught, but the schools were not eligible for a grant-in one instance, because the cunditions laid down in the Codo were not complied with, and in the Kurseong Boarding School because, as a Government school, though examined under the Code it carns no grauts. 191. The following tables show the percentage of instruction grant earned by the middle and primary departments of all shools in the last two ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 103 EDUCATION OF EOROPEAN8. years. In some instances, particularly in the middle departments, the number of children eligible for grants is 89 small that very little value can be attached to these results for purposes of comparison ; and accordingly, the number eligible for a grant is in each case given :- Middle Department. 1886-87. 1887-88. Order of merit. NAMB. Number of Hrholars cligible for instruction grant. Number of Percentage Rcholars of instruction eligible for grand earned. instruction grunt. Percentago of instruction grant imrned. .. 1 2 25 33 15 21 27 2 2 10) 6 15 ... ... 79.8 63.3 66.3 87.7 70'7 82.8 906 60 68.2 77.7 66 72.7 21.9 69 2 71.5 11 21 3 40 44 12 19 24 7 3 13 6 21 17 21 4 26 36 13 5 20 34 12 53 12 74 40 ... 30 ...... .. ... 2 19 28 12 63 ... Calcutta Frce, Girls' Department St. Joseph's Boarding, Pay Department Bow Bazar Loretto, ditto Boarding and Duy, Entally Pratt Memorial Miss O'Brien's East Indian Railway, Jamalpur, Girls' Dept. Ditto ditto, Boys' do. Wesleyan Preparatory St. Thomas', Howrah St. Joseph's, Freo Department Government Boarding, Kurseong East Indian Railway, Khagoul, Boys' Dept. Darjoeling Girls' Calcutta Girly' Lorotto Priory, Hazaribagh Dhurrumtollah Loretto, Free Department Protestant European, Cuttack Loretto Orphanago, Entally Wolland Memorial St. Paul's, Darjeeling St. Joseph's Boarding, Bankipore Calcutta Free, Boys' Department Dhurrumtollal Loretto, Pay Department Catholic Male Orphanage St. Chrysostom's St. Agnos', Howrah Assensolo Convent Doveton Institution for Young Ladies Bow Bazar Loretto, Free Dopartment St. Joseph's Orphanage, Bankiporo St. Michael'st Coorjeo St. Paul's Mission St. Joseph's Convent, Cuttack East Indian Railway, Assensolo St. Jamos' Calcutta Boys' M1880s Stark's St. Placid's, Chittagong Doveton College European and Eurasian, Dacca St. Teresa's, Kiddorporo 8 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 80 31 32 33 34 36 86 37 38 89 40 41 69.4 60:1 74-3 698 50:1 66.9 57 4 65.6 61.6 94.9 87.6 86.9 86.5 86.3 84:3 80.9 80.8 8G 79.5 78.9 77.6 75 73.9 73.3 72.5 70 69.8 68.6 67.7 66:1 66 65.7 64.7 62- 57.7 67.1 54.3 63.7 52.4 51 8 61. 60 45.8 44.4 43 392 33.3 32.1 29.8 11.3 10.8 ... 62 41 40 39 ...... 57 4 6 10 ... ... 2 3 65.6 63.5 ... ... 18 ... ... 5 9 18 8 5 60.4 748 27 3 44.6 60 44:1 168 22.7 44-7 6 8 23 12 8 6 22 ... 10 . ... 19 16 11 ... 5 4 ... 36 .. 33.5 27 ... ...... 4 5 2 80-5 Primary Department. 28 ... 1 2 3 23 51 6 74 17 86.4 84.5 79.5 87.4 85. 6 .. ... 72 ... .. ... 53 89.8 . ...... 0. 6 8 T 8 9 10 11 12 18 14 ... St. John's Parochial Govornment Boarding, Kursoong European Day, Said pur St. Joseph's, Pay Departmont Migs O'Brien's East Indian Railway, Madhupur Calcutta Froe, Girls' Department St. Chrysostom's St. Mary's St. Scholastica's, Chittagong Pratt Memorial East Indian Railway, Buxar Doveton College Calcutta Froo, Boys' Department East Indian Railway, Absensole Ditto, Jamalpur, Girls' Dept. Boarding and Day, Entally Darjeeling Girls' St. Paul's, Darjeeling 99.3 97.9 98 95.7 95.8 944 93-1 91.8 91.5 909 88 2 87.6 86 8 863 84.9 84.9 847 21 7 72 lo 9 17 86 17 31 121 17 27 .. 12 18 28 18 33 114 13 31 24 26 83 ... 70.7 64.4 76 57.6 613 77.3 34.9 15.6 71.2 79 2 64.6 ... ... 84 16 16 17 18 ... ... ... :8 35 ... ...

·104 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR EDUCATION, OP EUROPIANS. 1890.87. 1887-88. Order of morit. Number of Wumber of abbolar Parcentage scholar Percentago eligible for of instruction oligible for of instruotiona instruction Brunt eurned instruotion grant arned. grant. ... ... ... ... 39 19 56 23 41 40 80 82 128 23 17 62 47 39 79.7 688 80*6 82.6 12:6 80.9 93'4 81.2 76 88.5 862 71.2 69.6 60:1 ... 19 20 21 28 23 24 86 26 27 28 29 80 81 82 98 84 86 86 87 88 39 40 .. .. ... .. ..... ... .. ... ... Protestant European, Cuttack St. Placid's, Chittagong St. Joseph's, Free Department Dhurrumtollah Loretto, Free Department Bow Bazar Loretto, Pay Department Wolland Memorial St. Thomas', Howrah St. Michael's, Coorjev Catholic Male Orphanage... St. Joseph's Boarding, Bankipore Misses Stark's Dhurrumtollah Loretto, Pay Department Bow Hazar Loretto, Free Dopartment St. Paul's Mission Loretto Priory, Hazaribagh East Indian Railway, Ranoegungo European, Dinapore Loretto Orphanage, Entally Calcutta Girls' East Indian Railway, Jamalpur, Boys' Dept. Ditto, Sahebgunge St. Anno's Orphanage, Entally Wesleyan Proparatory St. James' St. James' Parochial Wesleyan Mission, Barrackpore Assensolo Convent Calcutta Boys' St. Tcresa's St. Agnes', Howrah St. Joseph's Orphanago, Bankiporo St. Joseph's Convent, Cuttack European and Eurasiun, Dacca Dovoton Institution for Young Ladies St Stephen's St. John's Girls' East Indian Railway, Khagoul, Girls' Dept. St. Elizabeth's, Howrah East Indian Railway, Khagoul, Boys' Dept. 82 19 66 46 42 43 31 69 102 28 23 88 61 82 23 7 19 86 88 20 6 32 16 20 28 7 16 38 11 28 29 18 9 26 9 16 12 20 ... 82.9 828 89.4 82 81' 80.8 80'4 80.1 78.7 77.6 78.9 766 78.8 764 79.4 71.4 70.4 70.1 182 68 87.6 67.2 66•6 65.7 66.6 649 636 61 60° 68.3 68.1 67.9 66.3 64.2 48.8 46.2 40-6 31.6 10 ... . 8 16 92 78 26 7 32 18 36 29 9 19 41 10 30 27 18 12 .. 65.4 65•7 76-1 87.4 79 5 43.8 73 928 31.9 64 6 63 9 66.6 63.2 69-6 63.1 626 48.6 36.3 .. .. ... .. 1.. 1. ... ... ... ... 49 ...... 62 63 .. ... 16 21 11 10 65 66 57 72.4 61.7 68 80 44.9 ... 192. The following table shows the number of pupil-teachers in the various schools on the 31st March 1887 and 1888:- NUMBER OF PUPIL-TEACHERS PERPARING FOR THEIR Sril-year examination, 2nd-yanr Qiamuntion. 1st-year examination. NAME OF SOHOOJ. . 31st March 31st March 31st Maron 31st March 31st Maroh slat March 1887. 1888, 1887. 1888. 1887. 1888. 2 1 ...... 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 3 8 1 ... 1 1 ... .....a Calcutta Free, Girls' Department Ditto. Boys' Department diburrumtollah Loretto St. Paul's Mission (Scott's Lano) Bow Bazar Loretto Protestant European, Cuttack Catholic Malo Orphanage East Indian Railway, Baneogungo 1 1 1 1 8 1 8 ...... ...... 0... ...... ..... ...... 3 1 ... ...... Total ... 2 9 6 13 11 Of the twenty-one pupil-teachers who were in the schools at the commencement of 1887-88, four resigned before the annual examination--one of the third year and two of the second-year from the Boys' Department of the Calcutta Froe School, and one of the first-year from the Girls' Department of the same institution. The remaining seventeen pupil-teachers were all oxamined. T'he third-year candidato passed, and having completed her course, received a provisional third-grado certificate uuder Article 64 of the Code. One ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 105 EDUCATION OF EUROPEANS. course. of the four second-year pupil-teachers failed, and afterwards resigned; the other three passed, and are now studying the third-year course. Three of the twelve first-year pupil-teachers failed, and were remanded to the first-year The romaining nine of that year passed. Eight new candidates for pupil-teacherships were accepted during the year -threo of them in the Catholic Male Orphanage, in which institution the pupil-teacher system has never before been tried. 193. Eleven persons were recognised as " assistant teachers" under Section III of Chapter III during the past yoar, bringing up the total number recognised to 63, 194. The following table gives the number of certificated teachers of each class at the end of 1887-88: 1ST GRADE. 2ND GRADE. SRD GRADE. Pormaneat. Provisional. Permanent. Provisional. Permanent. Provisional. 8 17 10) 22 31 One holder of a certificate from the Panjab, who has been appointed master of the Jamalpur Boys' School, is included among the 17 permunent certificate-holders of the second grade. The new certificatos issued during the year were two permanent and three provisional of the second-grade, and two permanent and six provisional of the third grade. One provisional certificate of the first grado, soven of the second grado, and eight of the third grade were also made permanont during the year. 195. The Teachers' Association was formed in June 1887, chiefly for the purpose of mutual improvement in the art of teaching and in school managenient. Meetings are held once a month in one of the central schools, when some question connected with school management is discussed, or a lecture is delivered, or, as frequently happens, a lesson is given by one of the members and is criticised by the rest in a friendly spirit. Tho Association numbers about 80 members, all of whom, with one or two exceptions, aro Calcutta teachers. During the past year the Catholic Orphan Press has produced a set of arithmetics suitablo for the various standards, and a portion of a revised set of readers. Many of the leading English publishers forward from time to time specimen copies of new educational works. These have been placed in the Inspector's office, which is now very completely furnished with a library of modern educational works suited to European schools. The library is open for the inspection of all teachers and managers, and is largely consulted for the selection of school-books. 197. Bruce Institution. This institution was established under the wills of the two Misses Bruce, who died in 1878 and 1880, “ for the oducation and maintenance of half-caste or Eurasian female children, whether illegitimate or otherwise, and in particular orphans or those desorted by their parents." The invested fund now amounts to about Rs. 6,50,000, yielding an annual income of nearly Rs. 26,000. Under the orders of the Iligh Court of Calcutta, it is administered by a body of twelve Governors, five ex-officio, and seven others representing different denominations and interests. Up to the 31st March 1888 two elections had beon held, and 79 girls admitted to the foundation. The schools selected by the Governors as suitable for the education and maintenanco of these girls are the following:-La Martinière for girls, Calcutta Free School, Pratt Memorial School, Dovoton Institution, Wesleyan Girls' School, Calcutta Girls' School, Entallý Loretto, St. Paul's Mission School, and the Protestant European School at Cuttack. The great majority of the girls are educated in the Calcutta Free School and the Loretto Convent at Entally. Tho annual election is held in August.

·. 108 RIMPORT OF THE DIRECTOR IMCATION OF MAHOXIDAN IX.-EDUCATION OF MAHOMEDANS. 198. The following table shows the number and percentage of Mahqmedan pupils in different clasees of institutions : Total number of pupils. Number of Mabomodadi. Percontago of Mahomedano. # 48 10 1 13 2 ... ... ... Public Institutions Arts colleges High English schools Middle ditto Middle vornacular schools Upper primary schools Lower ditto Professional colleges Technical schools Training do. Mudresses ... 4,488 69,893 68,486 68,316 122,141 1,026,269 1,496 1,893 1,681 1,621 217 7,092 7,772 9,860 21,561 291,748 67 283 203 1,603 17.6 2804 ... 14:9 12.07 98.9 .. I. Total 1.356,283 840,406 26.09 . Private Institutions Advanced Elementary Toaching the Koran only Other schools not oonforming to departmental standard 31,140 80,309 32,773 17,493 10,913 32,769 .. ... 840 1000 .. 2,434 690 ... ... Total 96,656 61.286 ... GRAND TOTAL 1,452,939 401,871 ... The total number of Mahomedan pupils rose from 366,886 to 401,671, and the percentage from 26.9 to 27.8. In the whole population the proportion of Mahomedans is 31.5 per cent. The large increase of Mahomedan pupils in the past year is almost entirely confined to “privato" institutions, among which Koran schools are now for the first time included as a separate class, containing 32,769 pupils. In this way the losses of the last two years, when the total recorded number of Mahomedan pupils fell successively from 420,768 to 379,842 and 386,886, are being rapidly made up. The loss was chiefly in unaided primary schools, and these are now reappearing under a different name. There is also a satisfactory increase in the higher institutions of organised instruction. In Arts colleges, Mahomedan pupils have increased from 138 to 217; in English schools, high and middle, from 13,218 to 14,864; in middle vernacular schools, from 9,053 to 9,860; and besides this absolute increase, the percentage is in each case higher than last year. On the other side must bo set a trifling loss of 800 pupils in primary schools. The number of Mabomedans under training as teachers has incree sed from 45 to 203, chiefly owing to the presence of 144 Mahomedan gurus in the training classes attached to middle schools. The number of Arabic students in madrassas increased from 1,480 to 1,603. 199. In the Presidency Division the number of Mahomedan pupils rose from 53,953 to 55,766, and their percentage to the total number of pupils from 27.7 to 28.1. There was an accession of Mahomedan pupils in all classes of public and private institutions. 200. In Calcutta the number of Mahomedan pupils increased from 2,563 to 3,097, and their percentage to the total number of pupils from 9.1 to 10.2. The increase was shared by all classes of institutions except “Special," in which there was a slight falling off. An excessive proportion of Mahomedan pupils is found in lower primary schools, the Mahomedan population of Calcutta, taken all round, being much poorer than the Hindus and lacking a large middle class in easy circumstances. It is found, however, that Mahomedans do not hesitate to send their children to patsbalas kept by Hindu gurus and attended mainly by Hindu boys, nor are there any patsbalas supported exclusively by Mahomedans for the separate education of their children. 201. In the Burdwan Division the number of Mahomedan pupils increased very slightly. In Midnapore, which has a special Mahomedan Sub-Inspector, the rules for the reward examinations have been relaxed in favour of pupils of that creod. In Bankoora the gurus of non-stipendiary schools receive special rewards for passing Mahomedan pupils at the primary scholarship and ·Map 4.-Showing the extent of Mahomedan Education 1887-88. 812 86 90 в нета INHIM im Biela E 1 #mathon P Darjeet Chuth WT PROVINCES BE NG AL Sarakepole Funkaba Sil Asankash Darbhang Croahpart Butia anupur with a sipas AHABAD OTHER irzapu REFERENCE. -990 Class 4. 3 to 5 per cent. 124 ILL. YPPERAN 3. 6 to 10 13 Agart B Pratabpur 2. 11 to 20 Histuhpur 1. 21 to 30 i C. Ruttun Puya 1 hang mana egong Blaspar CENTRAL htual oRaigar! M Dispo Wor Keonjhar Sambalpur Be Mula naruto the Maban PROVINCES Vaat Stelrep! BAY OE 20 B E F G 1 L Akul 21 120 Scale 1 Inch = 80 Miles or otroo Jagannath Lollow 100 50 100 ADRAS PRESIDENC linnjam 82 816 90

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·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 107 EDUOATIUN OT MARONIDAN cent. aro central examinations. Io Beerbhoom three primary scholarships have been reserved for Mabomedan children. The Assistant Inspector remarks that the Mahomedans are uot far behind the Hindus in educational progress. 202. In the Rajshahye Division the Mahomedans compose 63 per cent. of the population and 667, per cent of the pupils. In Bogra, the great Mahomedan district of the division, where the Mahomedans form 80-8 per cent. of the population, 75 per cent. of the pupils are Mahomedans. There is no isoprovement, however, over the previous year. In Dinajpore, the percentage of Mahomedans at school (625) is higher by 10 than that among tho general population. This is also the case in Julpigori. In Pubna the Mahomedans are 44 per cent. of the pupils, the Mahomedan inhabitants being 72-4 per cent. of the total population. In Rajshahye 53.8 per cent of the pupils are Mabomedans, while Mahomedans are 78.4 of the population. In Rungpore 56 per cent. of the pupils and 60:9 per cent. of the population are Mahomedans. 203. In the Dacca Division the total number of Mahomedens under instruction rose from 103,398 to 120,849, and the percentage from 48.5 to 49.8. As in the previous year, the increase was confined to secondary and upper primary schools; in lower primary schools there was a falling off from 55-6 to 58.5 u Dipanath Sen, Officiating Inspector of the Eastern Circle, remarks: -- the number of sucoeantut Mahomedan oandidates at the middle English, and upper primary examinations, Mymensingh appears to be the most The reason for this result is that in certain portions of that distriot there Biomedan familier of old standing and respectable position, of & very different in hotter toom the general Mahomodan population of that and other distriats, which ahiefly oon how of aultivators, who are believed to be composed almost entirely of converts from the lowest olasses of Hindue. The backwardness of Mahomedans in respect of any higher oducation than primary is probably due to this oiroumstance, and is not likely to be removed much more quickly than among the corresponding classes of Hindus.' 204. In the Chittagong Division the total number of Mahomedan pupils in schools of all kinds, public and privato, increased from 87,833 to 93,071, and the percentage from 63.6 to 65.3. The increase is confined to high English, middle vernacular, and upper primary schools. It is remarked that in every district in this division the numbor of Mahomedan pupils passing the middle vernacular examination was at least double the number of those who passed the It is satisfactory to find Mahomodans beginning moro fully to appreciato superior education imparted in the vernacular of the country; and to the same effect Mr. Manson, Magistrate of Chittagong, remarks that the increase of education among the Mahomedans of the district is every year more noticeablo, and more and more appear as candidates for appointment in the Government offices. In the lower primary schools of the division there was a loss of 5,162 pupils, the schools in which they read having been trausforred to " institutions as Koran schools. This serious loss arises chiefly in the district of Tipperah, in which many, if not most of the miajis, who were induced, under the rules of 1882 and 1883, to teach Bengali and to organiso thoir maktabs in some measure according to departmental standards, have now reverted to their old ways, abandoning all improvement. The reason of this, according to the Officiating Inspector, is to bo found in the frequent changes that have beon made within tho last few ycars in the reward rules; the effect being to restrict operations and to introduco an elemont of doubt and perplexity into a matter where tho confidence and willing co-operation of the miajis are essential. Babu Dinanath Sen does not hold the District Board of Tipperah entirely free from blame in this respect. 205. In th Patna Division the number of Mahomedans increased more or loss in all classes of public schools, except upper primary and special schools. The percentage of Mahomedan pupils to the total Malomcdan population shows a slight increase in every district. The Patna Division contains the largest number of Mahomedan pupils attending high English schools. This is due to the well-known fact that a large number of Mahomedans in tno division belong to the rich and respectable classes of society. The Anglo-Arabic high school in Patna City was established primarily for the education of Mahoniodans, but pupils of other races aro freely admitted. It receives liberal help from Government, as a school founded by Mahomodans for the special needs of their own community, and not following conventional lines. Out of 340 pupils on its rolls, 222 ware Mahomedans. year before. • 02 ·108 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR EDUCATION OR MAHOMEDANS. 208. 206. In the Bhagulpore Division the total number of Mahomedan pupils advanced from 18,429 to 10,660, the increase taking place in high English and lower primary schools. The middle vernacular schools maintained by the District Board at Hussainpur and Baro in Monghyr are for Mahomedans alone. 207. In Chota Nagpore the total number of Mahomedan pupils increased from 2,765 to 3,120, and their percentage to pupils of all denominations from 5•3 to 5.8. This is slightly above the percentage of Mahomedans to the total population of the division, wbich is 5.4. The incroase is shared by all institutions, except middle vernacular schools. In Orissa the total number of Mahomedan pupils declined from 3,183 to 3,065, and the percentage from 2-5 to 2:4. The number of Mahomedans in high English schools remained stationary, while in middle, upper primary, and technical schools, there was an appreciable incroase. But there was a large falling off in lower primary schools, chiefly in the Cuttack district, 'where a large number of lower primary schools, attended mainly by Mahomedan pupils, were closed. In Balasore one middlo vernacular and two upper primary schools are exclusively attended by Mahomedans; and special rewards are given to village gurus in that district for Mahomedan students passing at the pathshala examination. In the Orissa Tributary Mohals only 76 Mahomedans were under instruction. There are in fact very few Mahomedans in the Gurjats, and these belong mostly to the lowest ranks of society. No Mahomedan pupil competed at any of the departmental examinations. 209. The annual income of the educational portion of the Mohsin Fund is a little above Rs. 61,000. The following table shows the estimated expenditure of the fund, together with the actual expenditure under cach head for the year under report, as given by the Accountant-General : HEAD OF CHARGE. Actual oIponditure, Rs. Estimated exponditure. Rs. 30,233 4,350 12.072 9,710 Maintenance of madrassas Salaries of maulavis in high schools Bcholarships Short-foe payments .. 30,626 7,025 9,373 7,970 .. .. ... .. . ..6 Total 56,366 64,893 An additional sum of Rs. 4,326 has, since the close of the yoar, been assigned from the surplus income of the Mohsin Fund for increased annual grants, viz. (1) Rs. 1,200 to the Chittagong Madrassa, (2) Rs. 626 to the Arabic and Persian classes in the Rajshahye College, (3) Rs. 2,450 for the payment of two-thirds foos of Mahomedan students in Govornment schools and colleges, and (4) Rs. 50 to the Hooghly Madrassa. A sum of Rs. 700 a year was also set apart, in accoruance with the recommendations of the Education Commission, for extonding to private schools the assistance now afforded to Mahomedan students of colleges under private management. 210. The following statement shows the number of Mahomedan students who passod the various University or departmental examinations held in 1887-88, compared with tho total number of successful candidates :- NUMBER OJ BUCCINIUL CANDIDATUS. PERCINTAGI 01 MAHOMBUAXE Namno of examination, Mahomodan. Total. Undor instruction. ... Among Bliccessful aundidatos. 2.3 3.7 3.8 66 ... ... . ... .. M.A. K.A. First Arts Entrance Middle English Vernacular Upper Primary Lower 1 12 19 113 41 216 832 2,927 43 328 481 1,897 831 3,988 3.066 18,845 90 108 16.5 10.1 13:2 144 17 6 88.4 .. ... The number of Mahomedan candidates that passed the M.A., B.A., F. A., and Entrance examinations of the year before was 2, 14, 41, and 133 respectively; the declino being part of a general falling off, as previously noticed, in the success of all classes of candidates at all the University examin. ations. The number of successful Mahomedan pupils decreased by 7 in the middle English, but increased by 11, 20, and 109 in the middle vernacular, upper primary, and lower primary scholarship examinations respectively.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 109 DUCATION OP MAROXRDANS. (3) 211. The following scholarships have been created from time to timo to afford special facilities for the education of Mahomedans: (a) Mohsin scholarships, which are of five kinds— (1) 44 Arabic scholarships, awarded to the students of the different madrassas on the results of the central examination. 34 English scholarships tenablo in high schools. 3) 8 junior scholarships, awarded on the results of the Entrance examination to those Mahomedan candidates who fail to obtain Government scholarships, and tenable for two years. (4) 6 senior scholarships, one of Rs. 16, two of Rs. 14, and two of Rs. 12 a month, awarded on the results of the F. A. examination, and tenable for two years. (5) 2 graduate scholarships of Rs. 25 a month, tenable for one year. () Twenty special Government junior scholarships of Rs. 7 a month for two years, awarded to those Mahomedan students who fail to obtain any more valuable exhibition after passing the Entrance examination. (c) Twenty special Government senior scholarships, ton of Rs. 10 and ten of Rs. 7 a month for two years, awarded on the results of the First Arts examination to those Maliomedans who havo previously gained the (6) scholarships. (d) In July 1888 Government also sanctioned the este.blishment of threo graduate scholarships of Rs. 20 a month each, tcnable for a year and-a-half by any student of the Calcutta: Madrassa who has obtained the B.A. degree with honours. The special facilities here offered lie, it will be remembered, outside the general system of scholarships, which are open to Mahomedans in common with Hindus and Christians. It is to be hoped that they will help Mahomedans to realise the anticipations of Government, and to meet all other sections of the community on cqual terins. At the last election Abdul Majid, B.A., of the Presidency College, Calcutta, obtained the State scholarship, enabling him to prosecuto his studies in an English University. 212. The following statement shows the general results of the central examinations of madrassas held in April 1887 and April 1888:- 1897. 1888. MADRASSA.. Number ol canº didatos. First Recond division. division, Thurd division. Total. Number of calle didutos. First divisioc. Becond Third division. division. Total, 100 18 12 Calcutta Dacca Chittagong Hooghly Sassoram 70 40 37 16 3 27 13 13 5 14 8 2 1 20 11 11 8 2 61 32 26 14 2 72 57 51 19 7 29 10 11 7 22 16 13 5 69 38 31 12 ... ... . ... ... ... Totai 165 58 68 25 25 52 135 206 1151 57 37 56 150 100 213. The following table gives the results of the central examination of madrassas held in April 1888 in fullor detail : NOYBER PABSXD IN TIR CLANN. MADRASSAS, First division, Rocond division, Third division, 2 9 Foarth-year class 2 3 5 6 2 3 2 6 2 Total number pasaud. 9 8 8 4 12 7 7 2 2 ... Third-your class 3 2 2 ... ... .. Calcutta Dacca Chittagong Hooghly Calcutta Dacca Chittagong Hooghly Calcutta Dacca Chittagong Hooghly Calcutta Dacca Chittagong Hooghly ... 10 ... Second your class 3 3 10 3 000 ... 2 6 3 2 2 12 3 2 ***** .. ... 17 16 8 2 31 7 8 2 7 12 .. First-your glass 3 ... 3 1 ... Total 67 151 37 56 160 ·110 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR DUCATION OF NAROMEDANA. 214. GOVERNMENT MADRASBAS.-The Calcutta Madrassa, the Nawab of Moorshedabad's Madrassa, and the Cox's Bazar Madrassa, are maintained from Provincial revenues, and the rest from the Mohsin Fund. The yearly allotments to the Mohsin madrassas are—to Dacca Rs. 10,400, to Chittagong Rs. 7,000 (since raised to Rs. 8,200), to Hooghly Rs. 3,600, and to Rajshahye Rs. 3,000, since increased by Rs. 626. The following statement compares the attendance and expenditure of all madrassas under Government management during the last two years :- Number of pupila in 1867. 1888. Receipts from Government, MADRABBAS. Total expanditure. 1887. 1888. 1887. 1898. ... ... ... Calcutta (Arabic Department) Hooghly Barca Chittagong Cox's Bazar Madrassa, Chittagong Moorshedabad Nawab's Madrassa Bajshahye Total 389 36 252 348 34 58 53 362 37 336 356 34 58 46 Rs. 9,441 Nil Nil Nil 291 14,667 Nil Rs. 10,036 Nil Nil Nil 4.82 15,899 Nil Rs. 11.020 2,176 13,621 9,399 389 14,667 2,995 Rs. 11,668 2,117 13,710 8,866 600 16,899 3,020 ... 0 . 1,120 1,229 24,399 26,417 54,267 55,859 215. Calcutta Madrassa,- The number of students on the 31st March last was 1,183 against 1,119 in the previous year. Thoy were distributed as follows: Rs. College Department 23 Arnbic (or Oriontal) Departmont 362 Anglo-Persian Department 458 Branch School 340 ... 1. . ... II. Total 1,183 The number of students increased in the college department by 8, in the Arabic department by 23, in tho Anglo-Persian Department by 19, and in the branch school by 14 pupils. Tho number of Shiah students in the Arabic and Anglo-Persian departments and in the branch school was 1, 7 and 8, respectively. The total expenditure of the institution was as follows :- Rs. 17,572 11,659 14,217 4,876 College Department Arabic Department Anglo-Persian Department Branch School I. .. Total 48,323 against Rs. 46,261 in the previous year. The amount of fees collected during the year was as follows:- ... Re. 652 1,622 6,829 1,276 I.. College Department Arabic IDepartment Anglo-l'orsiun Department Brauch School ... 100 .. ... ... .. Total 10,279 In the preceding year the fecs amounted to Rs. 8,887. The increase was shared by all dopartments of the Madrassa, but was greatest in the Anglo-Persian department. The results attained by tho Arabic department at the central examinations held in 1887 and 1888 have been given above. From the collego department 20 candidates were sent up to the F. A. oxamination of April 1887, of whom one passed in tho socond, and nine in the third division. From tho Anglo-Persian department 18 candidates went up to the Entranco examination of the samo year, all of whom passed, namely, six in the first, eight in the second, and four in the third division. The results of the examinations of 1888 wero, as in Bengal generally, much loss favourable. Of 11 candidates at the F. A. examination, four passed in the third division; and of 24 candidates at. Entrance 12 passed-one in the first, four in the second, and seven in the third division. The number of resident students was 72, against 70 in the previous year. The gymnastic class numbered 50.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 111 EDUOATION OF NABOMEDANS, In July 1888, Government ordered the abolition of the college department, the students of the college classes being allowed to attend lectures at the Presidency College, on payment of fees at the Madrassa rate of Rs. 2 a month, the ordinary fee levied at the Presidency college being Rs. 12. They will, however, continue to be members of the Madrassa, and subject to its discipline as resident students. The Principal will still be roquired to superintend the other departments of the Madrassa, and he will also lecture as a Professor in the Presidency College, the services which he will thus render to the latter being taken as a set-off against the valuable priviloge of reading in that institution at reduced rates of fees. At the same time the officiency of the Madrassa will be increased by an additional outlay of Rs. 620 a month, namely, (1) Rs. 340 for increasing the salaries of the staff; (2) Rs. 30 as a grant towards tho maintenance of night studies; (3) Rs. 100 for 3 graduate scholarships of Rs. 20 a month each, tenable for a year and a half, by any student of the Madrassa who may pass the B.A. degree with honours; and (4) Rs. 150 as the monthly rent of a house in the neighbourhood of the Madrassa, to be used as a hostel for the sons of the sharif, or respectable, class of Mahomedans. 216. Dacca Madrassa. - The number of pupils in the Oriental departmont on the 31st March last was 157, ard in the Anglo-Persian department 179, against 127 and 125 respectively in the previous year. The receipts from fees and fines rose from Rs. 1,701 to Rs. 2,157. The number of boarders in the hostel roso from 32 to 36. The boarding-houso is managed by the Persian teacher of the Anglo-Persian department in consultation with a committee of the boarders. Ten candidates were sent up to the Entrance examination from tho Anglo-Persian department, of whom ive passed-ono in the first, three in the second, and one in tho third division. The results of the last central examination of Bengal madrassas have been alrcady noticed. Babu Pratap Chandra Das, zemindar and banker, gave a donation of Rs. 20 for prizes to success. ful students, and the Superintendent awarded a gold medal to the first student of the Anglo-Persian department. Two silver modals were awarded from the Obcidullah Monorial Fund to the highest students of the Arabic and the Anglo-Persian departinent. 217. Chittagong Madrassa.-The number on the rolls was 356, against 348 in the previous year. The total expendituro was Rs. 8,855, and the total income, including re-grant, was Rs. 12,220, of which Rs. 1,317 were realised from fecs, against Rs. 1,319 the year before. There is an allotment of Rs. 1,200 for 30 froe boarders, out of which Rs. 1,003 were spent. All the pupils learn Arabic and Persian, and 131 learn English in addition. Under recent orders of Govern:nent, the Anglo-Arabic department of the Madrassa has been greatly strengthened by tho appointment of a full English staff. The senior classes were examined as usual by the Central Board in Calcutta, and the results havo been already shown. Of the junior classes, who were examined locally, 97 passed out of 225, a result not altogether satisfactory. 218. Among the reinaining Government madrassus, that of Ilooghly is the only one that sends pupils to the central examination. The number of students increased from 36 to 50. The course of study in the madrassa classes attached to the Rajshahye College leaves off just where the standards of tho central examination begin. The Nawab of Moorshedabad's Madrassa is really an English school maintained for tho benefit of the Nizamut family. One candidate went up for the last Entrance examination, but failed. Mr. Reuther, the Superintendent of the Madrassa, has nw.exchanged appointments with Mr. Tiery, Assistant Inspector of the Patna Division. The Joraghat Madrassa is a middle English school, though hardly yet up to the full middlo school standard. It receives a grant of Rs. 480 a year from the Mohsin Fund, and Rs. 345 were raised locally. It was attended by 34 boys who road Persiau and Urdu in addition to English and Bengali, prominenco being given to the first two languages, which are taught by maulavis. The Cox's Bazar Madrassa had also a grant of Rs. 40 a month from the Mohsin Furd, and the local municipality contributed Rs. 5 a month. Some of the boys read Arabic, Persian and Urdu; others Urdu, Bungali and Englishı; while a few learn the four languages at once. All the boys learn a littlo arithmetic. The standard reached in Arabic and Persian is that of the 6th class of the Government madrassas. 219. The chiof unaided madrassas may be briefly noticed (1) The Madrussa Sultan-i-Oudh was a boarding institution, maintained by the late ·112 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR DOCATION 01 NAROYIDANG. EIII'CATION OF ABORIGINAL AND BACKWARIS RACES. King of Oudh, for the education of members of his family, numbering 17 at the close of the year. It was abolished, after his death, on the 1st April 1888. (2) The Mirahya Madrassa at Chittagong is maintained from the Mirahya Endowment, and is under the control of the Superintendent of the Chittagong Madrassa. It contained 147 pupils, of whom 34 learnt English in the Anglo-Persian department of the Madrassa, and the rest Arabic and Persian only. A separate building adjoining the Madrassa is about to be erected for the school. (3 The Khanakha Madrassa at Sasseram in the Shahaba 1 district is supported by a religious endowment made by the Emperor Farokshah. The total expenditure from the endowment was Rs. 7,000. The number of pupils was 105, against 115 in the preceding year. Out of three candidates who appeared at the central examination held in 1887, two passed in the third division. None of the 7 candidates passed the examination of 1888. (4) The Sitapur Madrassa is a very old institution in the Serampore sub-division of the Hooghly district, supported from the proceeds of a Dutch ondowment. It contained 21 pupils, all boarders, at the close of the year; and was, as usual, examined by Maulavi Abdul Hai, Head Maulavi of the Calcutta Madrassa, who reported satisfactorily of their progress, particularly in the subject of arithmetic. X.-EDUCATION OF ABORIGINAL AND BACKWARD RACES. 220. The total aboriginal population of Bengal, according to the last census, is 2,552,293, of whom 1,087,202 are returned as Sonthuls, 871,666 as Kols, 469,622 as other westein aborigines, 88,399 as eastern aborigines, and 35,404 as "unspecified.” While Sonthals and Kols form the two principal divisions of the Kolarian family, the term “other western aborigines" includes all the non-Aryan tribes, whose homes are in Western Bengal, in the Orissa and Chota Nagpore Divisions, and in the Feudatory States attached to them. The Dhangars, Uraons, Paithaliks and Paharias come under the class “otlıor western aborigines.”. Under the heading of eastern aborigines are returned the Indo- Tibetan, Indo-Chinese, and Indo-Burmese, who occupy tho slopes of the Eastern Himalayas and the mountain system which forms the eastern and the south. eastern boundary of Bengal. The eastern aboriginos include the Garo, the Khasi, the Manipuri, the Kuki, and the Naga tribes of the northern frontier; the Mech and Assamese tribes of the Assam valley; and the Tipperah, Reang, Chakma and Lushai tribos of the Chittagong and Tipperah hills. The Sonthals inhabit principally the Sonthal Pergunnahs, Manbhoom, Bankura, Midnapore, Ilazaribagh, Singbhoom, Bhagulpore, Beerbhoon, and Burdwan. Benidos the Sonthals, the Paharias, Dhangars and Kols also inhabit the Sonthal Porgunnahs. Amongst the aboriginal tribes that are found in the four districts of Chota Nagporo, the principal are, besides Sonthals, (1) the Hos, inclusive of the Mundas, and (2) the Uraons. The Hos, or Larka Kols, are found in Singbhoom only, and the Mundas or Munda Kols and the Uraons in Lohardugga. There is great affinity between the Kolarian dialects of the Ilos, the Mundas and the Sonthals. On the other hand, the Uraons are an entirely distinct peoplo, whose language belongs to the Dravidian family, like that of the Dhangars and Palarias of Rajmahal. of Rajmahal. In addition to the aboriginal "ibes in Chota Nagpore mentioned above, the Khararias, Bhumijas and Gunjas are found in Lohardugga, and the Tamarias and Bhumijas in Singbhoom. 221. The following statement shows the distribution of pupils of aboriginal and other backward races in each division:- NUMDER OT PUPILS ATTENDINO DIFFERENT CLASSES OF SCHOOLS. CRRED OY PUPILI OI ABORIGINAL AND OTARR BACKWARD RACKO. DIVISIOX. Iligh Middle English English. Middlo Vertiacu. lar. Upper Tower primary.primary. Girio. Special and privato. Total. Christians. Non- Christiani. 2 183 ... ...... ...... 13 6 O 10 31 20 78 145 87 13 883 68 8,888 808 2 27 9 6 3,416 380) 805 178 27 129 31 38 78 290 68 348 281 8 3,000 887 .. $7 888 887 ... ...... Presidenny Onlcutta Rundwan Rajshahya Тисса Chittagong Patna Bhagulpore Chota Napporo Orinn Du. Tributary Mehäis Total ...... 5 ******* I. .. ...... vo... 1 18 499 .. ... 900 801 473 817 174 6,848 12,315 97 1,43 0,111 14,968 18 278 15 121 ... 802 2,448 4,609 12,310 108 1,663 11 74 1,683 .... 103 899 960 1,496 83,581 1,480 773 28,290 4,000 84,886 .. 28,290 ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 113 1 EDUCATION OF ABORIGINAL AND . The total number of aboriginal pupils increased from 27,201 to 28,291, or by 1,090 pupils. Owing to a re-classification, only 368 boys of aboriginal races have been returned from the Chittagong, Division in place of 3,374 BACKWARD RACES shown the year before. There was some falling off in the Rajshahye and Patna Divisions, and some increase elsewhere. A new heading was introduced into the returns, so as to divide pupils of aboriginal races into Christians and non- Christians. Hitherto Christianised aborigines have been sometimes included under the general head of Native Christians ; so that the roal spread of education among these races could not be accurately shown. Altogether there wero 4,006 Christians and 24,285 non-Christians amongst the pupils returned as belonging to aboriginal races. Native Christians, othor than aboriginal, numbered 5,175. 222. In the Presidency Division the total number of aboriginal pupils increased from 92 to 363. There are no separate schools for aborigines, and no special provision is made in any district for their education. No aboriginal pupil passed at any of the departmental examinations. In Calcutta the number of pupils of the aboriginal or degraded clussos incroased from 2 to 66, principally dhangars and mehters. 223. In the Burdwan Division the settled aboriginal residonts consist chiefly of Sonthals, and are found in the jungles of Midnapore, Bankoora, and Birbhoom, and in cortain parts of Burdwan. There was an increase of 681 aboriginal pupils in the division. Bankoora shows a gain of 523 pupils, said to be due to the opening of !0 Sonthal stipendiary pathshalas in thanas Khatra, Raipur, and Simlapal, from which the American Baptist Mission withdrew in 1886. Elsewhere the changes are slight. As noticed in Section VI of this report, there was a training school at Bhimpur in the district of Midnaporo under the American Baptist Mission, intended to train teachers for tho Sonthal pathshalas in the jungles. There were 51 lower primary or “junglo" schools in Midnapore under the control of the Mission; 84 of the teachers of these schools had received their truining moro or less fully in the Bhimpur training school. Besides the 51 jungle schools, thore were 13 other lower primary schools for aboriginal races, of which I were under the management of the Baptist Mission. The total expenditure on the 51 jungle schools was Rs. 2,700, of which one-half was mot from the Mission fund, and the other half from the grant-in-aid allotment. The District Board or Local Fund expenditure on the 13 other lower primary schools was Rs. 504. These 64 schools wero attended by 1,859 pupils. At tho last lower primary scholarship oxamination, 3 Sonthal boys and 5 Sonthal girls competed. All the 3 boys passed, but none of tho girls. The training school at Ahola, under the Wesleyan Mission, for the education of Sonthals, has been removed to the suddur station of the district of Bankoora. Twentysix Sonthal pupils competed at the lower primary scholarship examination from pathsalas in the Bankoora district, of whom 5 passed. In Birbhoom there were 17 pathsalas for children of aboriginal races, as in the previous year. They had in them 225 Sonthal pupils, exclusivo of 170 belonging to nonaboriginal races. Of these pathsalas, 15 were stipendiary and 2 were unaided. At the last lower primary scholarship oxamination 3 Sonthal boys competed, but none were successful. One Sonthal boy appeared at the upper primary scholarship examination, but he also failed. 224. The number of aboriginal pupils decreased from 878 to 568 in the Rajshahye Division. The falling off has occurred chiefly in Darjeeling, in schools under the Scotch Mission, the Superint:'ndent of which has assigned no reason for the decrease. No pupils under this head wore returned from Bogra, Pubna, Rajshahye or Rangpore. Iu Dinajpore the number has risen from 9 to 23. This figure is made up of a few Sonthal converts settled in the south of the district, and of Bunias and Dhangars scattered in other parts. The number in Jalpaiguri has risen from 9 to 62. It is worthy of note that three Moch pathshalas have been opened in the Jalpaiguri district, with 34 pupils. 225. In the Dacca Division the priucipal aboriginal races are those inhabiting the Garo Hills at the northern boundary of the Mymousinglı district, and a Manipuri colony residing to the north of the town of Ducca. In Mymonsingh there are 7 model schools, now under the District Board, stationed along the border for the education of the tribes inhabiting the Garo Hills.

·114 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR KOOCATION OF ABRIGINAL. AND HACKWARD RACRA. This large race. Altogether 841 pupils belonging to these tribes read in the model and other schools of the district. Of these only two boys were above the lower primary stage of instruction. Two boys belonging to aboriginal races passed the lower primary examination. In the Dacca district there were altogether 78 pupils belonging to aboriginal races, 30 in tha special pathsala maintained for the Manipuris, and the rest in other schools. 'Threo pupils of the Dacca Medical School belonged to aboriginal races, two being Mughs from Chittagong, and one a Rajbansi from Assam. In Furreedporo two Christian pupils of aboriginal descent were reading in high schools. 226. In the Chittagong Division 368 pupils only have been returned as belonging to aboriginal races, against 2,374 of the previous year. decrcase arises from the fact that the Barua Mughs and the Arracanesc Mughs in the district of Chittagong, who were formerly classed as aboriginal, have no longer been so returned; since the Deputy Inspector of Chittagong holds that tbc Barua Mughs and the Arracanesc of Cox's Bazar are in no way inferior to their Hindu and Mahomedan neighbours in point of education and enterprise. The Joomia Mughs of the Hill Tracts are a different and much more backward The education of the Mughs by means of their special institutions, the kyoungs, will be noticed under the head of indigenous education. The Tipperals of the Tipperah district, a Bengali-speaking people, are making steady progress. I'ho education of the Hill Tracts of Chittagong has been treated in the divisional report as that of backward races. Out of 325 pupils attending tho schools in the district, 33 wero Hindus, 6 Musulmans, and noarly alĩ the rest were hill people of the Buddhist religion. For their education Government has provided two boarding schools at Ringaniati and Bandarban, and ten lower prinary schools. The Rangamati school is a fairly successful institution with 75 pupils of various nationalities—15 Hindus, one Mahomodan, 26 Chakmas, 14 Mughs, 12 Tipperahs, 4 Gurkhas, 2 Assamese and 1 Barua. The Ilindus pay fees varying from four to a rupeo, and all others are allowed to read froo: 34 are day-scholars and 41 boarders. The boarding grant was Rs. 125 a month; the actual expenditure was Rs. 755 for the year. Three candidatos competed at the middle English scholarship examination, of whom two passed, one being a Mugh. At the upper primary examination sepon candidates appeared and all passed, two of them being Chakmas. The Bandarban school had 29 pupils, all Mughs, subjects of the Bomong Chiof; 15 wure boarders and 14 day-scholars. The Bomong pays a subscription of Rs. 150 a year to the school. All the boys, except thrcc, learn Bengali, and 14 loaru English in addition. The pupils begin with Mughi. Tho school was established 12 years ago, but not a single candidato hus competed at any public examination. A Mugh pupil passed the lowor primary cxamination from ono of the ten lower primary schools of the Hill Tracts. 227. I tho Patna Division the pupils returned under this head declined from 162 to 138, of whom 5 read in high and one in a middle English school, and the rest wero Tharu boys in seven lower primary schools of the Chumparun district. 228. In the Bhagulporc Division the number of pupils of aboriginal races advanced from 6,096 to 6,111. There was a slight decrease in Bhagalpore, arising from the fact that somo stipendiury Sonthal pathsalas, not doing well, were closed during the year with other unsuccessful schools in order to effect savings for the fuller expansion of tho systein of payments by results. T'he bulk of the aboriginal pupils in this division are found in the Sonthal Pergunnahs, where Sonthal education is carried on by Governmont, by the Chirch Mission Society, and by the Berlin Home Mission. Of the 585 lower primary schools in the district, 120 were stipendiary pathsalas in the Damin tract, established under tho special scheme for the education of the Sonthals. In the previous year there were 110. For the oducation of Sonthals outside tho Damin, it lias been ruled that the benefits of the special scheme may be extended to them, but that anything like competition with Mission annas ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 115 EDUCATION OF schools should be avoided, and that “no school should be ostablished in any place within what is recognised as the Mission area ;' that Sonthali should be ABORIGINAL AND the medium of teaching and examination in the Sonthal schools; and that the BACKWARD NAC'ES. Sonthal gurus should be sent to the Mission training schools for instruction in the art of teaching, the cost of each boing borne by the district allotment. These arrangements came into effect on the list April 1888, with the understanding that the special grant of Rs. 7,500 a year for Sonthal cducation should not be exceeded. In the Sonthal Pergunnahs one boy passed the middlo English, threo the middle vernacular, 15 the upper primary, and 79 the lower primary examination; and 15 aboriginal boys passed tho lower primary cxamination in Monghyr. Of 5,670 aboriginal pupils in the Sonthal Pergunnahs, 545 were girls. 229. The Chota Nagporo Division has, as usual, returned the largest number of pupils of aboriginal races, who increased from 12,663 to 14,956. This increase is shared more or less by all the districts. In Lohardugga a slight loss of Munda pupils is more than counterbalanced by a considerable gain of Uraons. In Singbhoom the Ho children fell off, but the loss was made up by an increase of Sonthals. Three aboriginal candidates competed at the last Entranco examination from the Ranchi Zillah School, and all wore successful. Sixteen aborigines appeared at the middle English examination, of whom nino passed. In the preceding year nono had competed at these examinations. Ten aboriginal condidates appeared at the middle vernacular examination from Singbhoom and one from Lohardugga, but all failed, 5 having passed that examination in the precoding year. At the upper primary examination 63 pupils appeared, against 50 in the previous year, and 30 passed against 36 thc year before. before. T'ho number of candidates at tho lowor primary examination rose from 251 to 357, and that of the successful candidates from 151 to 256. The advance in Lobardugga and Singbhoom may be considered satisfactory. The subjoined statement shows the result of the educational work of the several Missions in tho division for the last two years :- SCHOOLS, PCPILS. KXI'ENVITU KR. 1680-87. 1887-88. 1656-57. 1857-48. NAMN OP M188JUN. 1583-87. 1887-$9. Government. Mission fund, Government. Jission fund. Boys. Girls. Total, Boys. Girls. Total. Tc:21. Total. RN. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. 73 61 39 1,915 789 2.313 Berlin Hvangelical 8. F. G. (Anglicun) Free Church Scotoh St. Xavier's 272 2018 110 1,587 1,001 746 206 1,230 758 6-17 199 200 200 110 1,485 18+ 703 18 13,079 15, 121 5.99012; 8,136 3.6075 0.031 4:15 1,160 ,21% 2,681 303 11,115 0.101 3,874 CCO 0,019 11,319 1,09% 11 8 182 71 Total 171 159 2,840 700 8,5-40 2,774 8,400 i 7,753 7,936 25153 330,715 2:34 ... :30,890 There has been, on the whole, a decline of 18 schools and 140 pupils under these bodies. The loss in schools is due to the closing of ineficient institutions under all four Missions. The German, Anglican, and Scotch Missions have adopted the departmontal standards, and their pupils have competed at the different scholarship examinations. Five candidates appeared at the last middlo English examination from the Anglican and fuur from the Berlin Evangelical Schools at Ranchi, and all passed; while the Freo Church Mission School at Pachamba, in Hazaribagh, passed two pupils at the upper primary examination. 230. In the Orissa Division the number of aborigival pupils increased by 13. The bulk of the pupils are of course found in lower primary schools, bat 11 are reading in high English schools; these were Christians belonging to the Church Mission School in Cuttack. Of pupils of aboriginal race, Sontlials are most numorous in the school population of Balasore, and Suvars in that of Cuttack. No aboriginal pupil passed any dopartmental examination during the year. Two special schools for aboriginal pupils were opened at two extreme points of the division-one at Kendukhunta, in the north of Balasore, for Sonthals, and another for Konds in the Banpur Mals, in the southernmost part of the Р ·116 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR KDUOATION OF Puri district. In Cuttack there are 20 schools for children of low caste, with ABORIGINAL AND 379 pupils, against 30 schools with 562 pupils in the preceding year, 10 schools BACKWARD RACKS. baving been closed for want of funds. In Puri there were five pathsalas with 66 pupils, opened specially for the education of low castes. Special rewards were given in Balasore for the success of low-caste pupils at the pathsala examinations. Twenty-seven low-caste pupils passed the lower primary scholarship examination, viz. 14 from Cuttack, 9 from Puri, and 4 from Balasore. 231. In the Orissa Tributary Mehals tho pupils of aboriginal and backward races increased from 1,495 to 1,663. The majority of the students belonged to the Bhuiyan, Puran, Kond, Sonthal, Bhumija and Kurmi races. The other races chiefly represented in the school-going population were Gonds, Savars, Buthuris, Khairas, Kollahs, Guujas and Juangs. Special schools for the education of Sonthal, Bhuiyan and Kond pupils have for many years past been in existence in Mourbhanj, Keonjhur and the Kondmals, respectively. Isolated schools for aboriginal pupils have latterly been opened in Ranpur, Nilgiri, and Talchor, and have been subsidised by the Chiefs of those States. The progress of these schools bas of necessity been slow. The cess schools in the Kondmals have been reduced from 26 to 18, with a corresponding reduction in the nuniber of aboriginal and other pupils. During the year one Kond boy passed the upper primary examination from the Kondnals, and 12 aboriginal pupils passed the lower primary examination, viz. 4 Sonthal pupils from Mourbhanj, 2 Kond pupils from the Kondmals, and 6 Bhuiyan pupils from Keonjbur. INDIGENOUN DUCATION. XI.-INDIGENOUS EDUCATION. 232. The following table shows the statistics of indigenous schools in each division : ADVANCED). ELEMENTARY. OTHER BCIOULS. Tenching the Koran. TOTAL. Arabic or Persian. Sanskrit. For boya. For girls. For boys. For girls. DIVIBIOX8, 18 298 098 ... 80 8 ... .. 86 ow 21 282 108 40 ... .. DO 205 256 844 2 79 863 1,990 1,178 2,41 3,425 6,781 8,508 8 20 S 19 9 81 28 1 71 114 776 1,775 160 1,210 603 181 2 10 2 .. ... 46 Presidonoy Calcutta Burdwan Rajshnlıyo Dacca Chitingonk Patna Bhagulpore... Chota Napore Orissa Oriana Tributary Mabals, Total 800 1,180 10.044 1,787 2,056 1,916 293 729 115 1,678 1883 176 163 271 1,073 268 0,270 1,007 787 20 78 841 702 06 108 49 gris 193 1,0015 20,902 8,511 1,000 273 13 23 8 721) 148 1,087 118 1,160 82 1,284 529 8,087 820 4,803 8,205 88,449 1,290 17,084 %,226 17,066 1,281 8,017 118 059 706 8,186 176 909 ... 456 124 170 26 120 2 1 ... ... 1. 20 20 80 80 0 0 4,378 878 ... ... 01.... 1 . .. 10 ... 1,710 18,432 1,800 12,973 9,878 28,214 280 2,000 2,03582,773 294 2,191 18 818 10,048 86,781 The total number of institutions under this bead increased from 4,221 with 45,508 pupils to 10,048 with 96,721 pupile. Tho existence of elementary patshalas and maktabs has been carefully enquired into, in accordance with the instructions issued in December 1887. The information is often obtained with difficulty, as the teachers have nothing to gain by supplying' it, and the returns have in most cases to bo made out by the inspecting officers. 233. In accordance with the orders of the Government of India, directing that private maktabs in which pupils learn the Koran only should be separately shown in the returns, a new boading of “Koran” schools has been introduced, under which 2,635 schools have been returned with 32,773 pupils. Advanced schouls teaching Arabic or Persian diminished by 13, and their pupils fell off by 1,918, mostly through transfer to the preceding head. The number of tols teaching Sanskrit increased from 935 to 1,300, and their pupils from 9,372 to 12,373, owing to the continuous discovery of small schools in which Sanskrit is taught. The largest increase took place under the heading of elementary schools. Schools for boys increased from 570 to 3,878, and those for girls from 5 to 289. Primary schools having less than 10 pupils, which under the existing rules are not eligible for rewards paid from the primary grant, can no longer be shown among institutions conforming to departmental standards, that ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 117 INDIGENOUS RDUCATIUN. is, among." public” schools. It follows that they can only be shown under private institutions. In the preceding year some increase was noticed in the number of indigenous or private elementary schools, and this was considered to be an indirect effect of the ten-pupil rule. Definite instructions were accordingly issued to show all schools with less than 10 pupils, whother their course of instruction conformed to departmental standards or not, in the returns for the year under report. " Other schools” decreased from 988 to 236, and their pupils from 9,894 to 2,434. 234. Koran Schools.--The teaching in the Koran schools is purely religious. As a rule, children enter these schools at the age of 7 or 8 and leave at 14 or 15, though occasionally men of 20 or 25 are found to join them in order to receive some religious education. The pupils simultaneously attend secular schools in the neighbourhood, devoting to the Koran only a short time every day. The students commence with the Harf Tahajji, or alphabet, in the Arabic character in which the Koran is writton. Their chief object is to learn the Koran by rote, little attempt at explanation being made. The Koran schools are generally attachod to mosques and imambaras, the muazzins (the men who call to prayer) and hafizes (those who commit the entire Koran to memory) being the teachers. In some rural places the verses of the Koran are written in the Bengali character. There is usually no fixed scale of foes in these schools. In many villages the miajis, clhunjis, munshis or maulavis, as the teachers of such schools are called, are allowed frce board and lodging by tho village headmen, and besides the fees that are occasionally levied, they get small sums by way of subscriptions. They also serve as village priests or mollahs, and earn something for reading the prayers and reciting passages from the Koran at marriage and other festivals and at funoral ceremonies. 235, Advanced Maktab8.-In the advanced maktabs the teaching imparted is of a superior order, and is both secular and roligious. Persian books, such as the Gulistan, Bostan, and Sikandár Námáh, are ordinarily taught in these schools. Some of them also teach Arabic grammar and litorature, and occasionally Arabic law. The majority of the teachers have themselves been educated at similar institutions, and some in the madrassas maintained by Government from the Mohsin Fund. They are supported from fees paid by the pupils, ranging from a few annas to a rupee a month, these being supplemented by paynients made by the pupils at periodical festivals, and by the contributions of 'ahomedan gentlemen, at whose privato residonce some of tho maktabs are located, and who supply tho miajis with free board and lodging: Tho average monthly income of a miaji, exclusivo of board and clothing, is Rs. 5. The hours of study are from 0 to 9 in the morning, 11 to 2, 3 to 6, and 7 to 9 at night. Hindus, especially Kayasths in Behar, may often be found among their pupils. On Fridays the schools are closed and the Mahomedans assemble together for their afternoon prayor. The ordinary Mahomedan and some of the Hindu holidays are observed in these maktaby. 236. In the Presidency Division the advanced institutions teaching Arabic or Persian increased from 9 to 18, and were found in Jessore and Moorshedabad. The Municipality of Lalbag, in which all the maktabs returned from the Moorshedabad district aro situated, pays them annual rewards. In the Burdwan Division the number of advanced institutions teaching Arabic or Persian was 35, against 30 in thr previous year, and the Assistant Inspector remarks that, “ curiously enough, not one of thom was in Midnapore, which enjoys tho special advantage of having a Mahomedan Sub-Inspector to look after the education of the Mahomedans of that district." The number of Koran schools was 25. In the Rajshahyo Division no Koran schools have been returned from Darjeeling and Rajshahye, and no advanced maktabs from Bogra, Darjeeling, and Julpigori. In Bogra the five advanced schools teaching Persian, returned in the previous year, now appear among the Koran schools, as none of them profess to teach moro than the reading of the Koran. The adranced schools in the whole division for teaching Arabic or Persian increased from 11 tu 69, in addition to 71 Koran schools newly returned. In the Dacca Division the advanced institutions teaching Arabic or Persian declined from 1,142 to 844. But as many as 1,775 Koran schools, attended by ·1 118 REPORT OF THE DIRI.CTOR INDIGBNOUS ADIOATION. 20,802 pupils, have been returned from the division, being nearly two-thirds of the total number. The Officiating Inspector believes that many schools still shown in the Dacca district under the head of advanced institutions teaching Arabic or Persian, belong more properly to the class of Koran schools. In tho Chittagong Division there was a slight decrease in the number of advanced institutions teaching Arabic or Persian, but 553 Koran schools have been returned from the division, the highest number next to that of Dacca. In the Patna Division the advanced privato institutions for teaching Arabic or Persian increased from 264 to 374, and in the Bhagulpore Division from 26 to 179; in those two divisions there were also 151 and 33 Koran schools respectively. Thero was some slight increase in the number of advanced maktabs in tho Chota Nagpore and Orissa Divisions. As in the previous year, no maktabs were returned from the Orissa Tributary Mohals, nor were there any Koran schools. 237. Tols. Tho Sanskrit tols increased by 365 and their pupils by 3,001. The increase is shared by all the divisions, except the Presidency and Orissa, wliere there was a slight falling off. In the Presidency Division, the tols fell off in the 24-Pergunnahs, Nuddea, and Jessoro, but increased in Khoolna and Moorshedabad. In the 24- Porgunnahıs the most uoteworthy institution for teaching Sanskrit is the Mulujore tol, maintained from the interest of an endowment of a lakh of rupees made by tho late Babu Prasanna Kuinar Tagoro, C.s.i. At Nabadwipa three tols teach Nyaya (logic), five Smriti (law), thrre Kavya (literaturo) one grammar, and one the Shastrus. Of the 119 lol students of Nawadwipa, 6 came from the Punjab, 4 from tho Deccan, 4 from Oudh, 14 from Behar, and the remaining 91 from various parts of Bengal. The grant of Rs. 150 a month mado by Government for the support of tho pundits and their disciples has been latoly raised to Rs. 200. The averago grant for each pupil was below Rs. 2, which was less than the rate for the previous year. Each of the students of the pucca tol (30 called because it has a pucca house of its own) gets a daily ration of a seer of rico, 2 chittacks of dal, and a pice in cash from the endowment of the late Babu Lal Babu. Besides the candidates who appeared at the titlo oxamination held in Calcutta, 7 students from Navadwipa appeared at the Boaliya Dharma Sabha examination. Tho Navadwipa pundits have lately formed themselves into a college. In that capacity thay examined 20 pupils, most of whom passed, and one obtained a silver medal awarded by somo privato gentlemen. The biggest tol in the Moorshedabad district is the Victoria Jubilce, tol, supported by Srinati Annakali Devi of Cossimbazar, and held in a brick house of its own, which has cost her about Rs. 5,000. It was visited during the year by His IIonour tho Lieutenant-Governor. Six students from this tol appeared at the Boaliya Dharma Sabha examination, of whon 5 pussed. The Kandi Municipality paid Rs. 5 a month to the Kandi tol in tho Moorshedabad District. The Froo Sanskrit College in Calcutta, with 40 pupils, which was noticed in the last report, failed to furnish returns. 00. In the Rajshahye Division tho Boaliya Dharma Sabha, a local agency for encouraging tols, held an oxamination in the course of the year, on the result of which it awarded titles to successful candidates and their professors, and also rewards amounting to lis. 160. In the Dacca Division thero is an examining body, called tho Dacca Sarasvat Sauaj, which holds annual examinations, awarding titles and prizes to the successful candidates and rewards to their teachers, very much after the manner of the Sanskrit Title examination at Calcutta. The income of the Samaj for the year amounted to Rs. 3,060, of which Rs. 500 was the amouat of tho provincial grant. There was also a balance of Rs. 10,044 from the previous year. The expendituro amounted to Rs. 3,274, and the balance at the end of the year was Rs. 9,830. At a convocation of the Samaj held in Septenibcr 1857, tho titles earned at the examination of the year were confurred, and the sum of Rs. 1,293 was declared to have beon spent in prizes and stipends to successful pupils and in rewards to their teachers. Tols aro numerous in the Patna Division, and many are of an advanced character. It was found, however, that the standards of the Calcutta. Sanskrit Title examination were generally too high for them." Accordingly, through the exertions and influence of Mr. Pope, the Inspector of Schools, a society ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 119 INDI@XNO)18 EDUCATION. - was founded in 1887 under the namo of the Behar Sanskrit Sanjivan, the object of which was to prescribe courses and standards below those of Calcutta, in order to induce the local pundits to send their pupils for examination by these standards, and thus gradually to bring the tols of Behar up to the Bengal level. The experiment has been very successful, and the examinations of the Sanjivan are beginning to be well attended. For the most advanced tols, Bankipore has boen made a local centro for the Calcutta Title examination. The Association receives an annual grant of Rs. 500 from Government to meet Rs. 1,200 from local sources. The following are the chief institutions of advanced Sanskrit loarning in Behar: The Madhubani Sanskrit School in Durbhunga was founded in 1876, and has received a grant-in-aid of Rs. 25 a month since 1882. It has adopted the new standards established by the Behar Sanskrit Sanjivan. The school had a rollnumber of 39, against 41 in the previous year. Tho total expenditure was Rs. 1,261, including Rs. 210 from the Government grant. The Rivers Thompson Gautama pathshala in Sarun had a roll-number of 26, against 52 in 1887 and 67 in 1886. All the pupils reading in it are Brahmins, who aro taught free. The school is supported by the Revilgunj Municipality, and the expenditure of the yoar was Rs. 262. The Dharamsamaj aided school (returned as a middlo vornacular school) in Mozufforpore, and the Gurhatta aided school in Patna City, also teach the higher standards in Sanskrit. From tho former one boy passed in grammar at the Calcutta Title examination. The Tikari Sanskrit School is maintained by the Tikari Raj. The Bharateshwari Sanskrit pathshala in Sarun, and the Motihari Dharamsainaj in Chumparun, are supported by grants from the primary allotment and by subscriptions. The Rohika pathshala in Durbhunga is maintained by the Durbhunga Raj. It had 58 pupils, and 4 pundits at Rs. 15 cach. Another Sanskrit tol has lately becn opened at Buxar in the Shahabad district. It is maintained by subscriptions, and aims at toaching tho prescribed course of the Behar Sanskrit Sanjivan. 00. The Puri Sanskrit School, founded by the Maharaja of Balarampur in Oudh, is the best of its class in the Orissa Division. It has now been amalgamated with the Puri Zillal School. It had 13 pupils on its rolls, against 51 of the previous year, and its total expendituro was Rs. 1,237. Three students from the school appeared at the last Sanskrit Title examination, and all passed. No other Sanskrit school in the division succeeded at the examination. In the Orissa Tributary Mebals the most advanced lols are those at Nayaglur and Pal Lehara, but neither of them has reached a standard high enouylı to enable it to compete at the Titlo examination. The two unsuccessful lols in Mourbhuni lave boon very properly converted into upper primary schools. 238. 'The Sanskrit Title examination for the past year was held in Fol)- ruary 1888. There wero 99 candidates, against 76 in the previous year. Of these, 63 passed, against 31 in 1887. Of the 99 candidates, 91 were Bengalis, 4 Uriyas, 2 Beharis, and 2 natives of Mysore. The candidates were, as in previous years, Brahmins for the most part, with only four Vaidyas and one Kayasth. There were 71 can lidates for examination in Sanskrit literature, 16 in Smriti or Ilindu law, and 12 in Hindu philosophy. The total cost of the examination was Rs. 462, of which Government contributed Rs. 250, and Rs. 212 were raised from fees paid by the candidates. 239. Elementary schools. -Somo of the schools returned under this head are indigenous vernacular schools, which have not accepted in any shape the departmental standards of instruction, and submit to no public test. Some contain more and some less than 10 pupils. In those indigenous patslialas an elementary education is given in the vernacular languago of the district to which they belong. They are, however, fast disappearing; some dying for want of support, others adopting the standards prescribed by the Department. But the bulk of the schools returned as elementary are primary schools which teach the departmental standards, but cannot be classed as such in consequence of the rule that no primary school is eligible for rewards unloss it possesses ten pupils and has been ini existence for six months. Many of these schools oxist in the hope that their numbers will improve, so as to cnable them to compete for rewards in future. In the Presidency Division, of the 12 elementary schools, 10 were attended by less than 10 pupils. In Calcutta the schools returned under this head were Hindi pathsalas, largely attended by children of ·120 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR INDINEROUN RDUCATION up-countrymen. Reading, writing, and arithmetic in Hindi form the subjects of study in these patshalas." The Anglo-Tamil schools for boys and girls under the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel Mission did not furnish returns. In the Rajshahye Division, the Bhutia school at Buxa, in the Julpaiguri district, was attended by 11 pupils. The school is aided, but has been shown as a private institution, as it does not conform to the departmental standards. 240. Other Schools.-The Victoria College, in Upper Circular Road, Calcutta, has been returned under this head, as the course of instruction does not conform to any departmental standards. The object of its promoters is to give young girls moral and intellectual training, and also to teach them household duties, ncedlo-work, and drawing. The number of pupils rose from 18 to 106, of whom 58 were Hindus and 48 Brahmos. No account of the receipts and expenditure of the school was furnished. 211 Kyoungs.—The kyoungs, returned from the Chittagong Division only, are the indigenous schools of the Muglis. Their number was 26 with 432 pupils in the Cox's Bazar subdivision of Chittagong, and 9 with 78 pupils in the Chittagong Hill Tracts-in all 35 kyoungs with 510 pupils, against 45 with 618 pupils of tho previous year. Every Buddhist monastery has its attached school; but only those have been returnod which were found sitting at the time of the Kyoung Exaininer's visit. For about half the year the Raoli or chiof monk, who is also the teacher of the attached school, goes about the coun. try on a tour of alms.collecting; his pupils attend him, doing him service in return for the instruction which ho gives. The instruction consists in teaching the pupils to read the Muhá Mangal Sutra, Lokniti and Loksar; Pali books in the Burmeso character; Temiját and Mahoját, treating of religion, and Narasukhi of modicino. The kyoungs were first taken in hand in 1874, when a Kyoung Examiner was appointed. The improvement offocted in the past 15 years are reported to be, first, that the books just mentioned are now more generally real ; secondly, that printed books aro used instead of palm-loaves (rhajans), and that the Raolis and their pupils have taken to writing on paper with pen and ink instead of on palm-leaves with a stylus. Some of the pupils learn arithmetic outside the kyoung, and teach it to their fellow-students. There is not much hope of the kyoungs ultimately adopting departmental standards. Besides the kyoungs, which inpart moral and religious as well as secular training, there aro two purely secular schools for the education of the Mughs—tho Burmoso school and the middlo English school at Cox's Bazar. Tho Burmese school had 85 pupils : all but 15 were Mugls. It had a primary grant of Rs. 10 and a municipal grant of Rs. 5 a month. No fees were levied, but the subscriptions amounted to about Rs. 15. Thero were two teachers; the head-master, a Mugh, who know only his mother-tongue, and tho second master, a Malomedan, who did not understand Dirghi. The boys learn Mughi, and also Bengali to the lower prinary standard. The Cox's Bazar middle English school had 25 Mugh pupils and a Mugh teacher for chem. The pupils begin with Mughi, and when some advance is made in that language they learn Bengali and English. The only school returned under the head of “other schools” from the Orissa Division was a patshala in which Telugu was taught. Tho majority of the schools shown under this head in the Orissa Tributary wchals were thoso attended by the sons and daughters of Raj families. PHXPARATION AND DISTRIBUTION (F TEXT-LOOKS AND OTURK BCHOOL LITERATUIR. XII.--PREPARATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF TEXT-BOOKS ANI) OTHER SCHOOL LITERATURE. 242. The preparation of school books in Bengal having for more than 35 yoai's been left entirely to privato enterprise, tho chief duty of the Education Department has been to make its selection out of the very large number of publications offered for its acceptanco. This duty was, up to 1875, discharged by the Inspectors in reference to middle schools; but in that year it was transferred to a Central Text book Committee, 80 far as related to books in history, geography, mathematics, and science for the middle scholarship standard. By à Resolution of the Government of Bengal, dated the 7th January 1882, the scope of the Committeo's functions was considerably enlarged, so as to include an examination of all text-books suited, not only to the standard ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 121 DISTRIBUTION OF TEXT-DOOKS AND UTIIRN SOILO. LITERATURK. of the middle scholarship examination in all subjects, including the English and PUETARATION AND Bengali languages, but also to that of the separate classes of a middlo school. The Committee was strengthened by tho appointment of well-known scholars, native and European, as additional mombers; and the preliminary duties were undertaken by five Sub-Committees, each consisting of from five to soven members. In judging of the merits of books, tho Committee took into particular consideration many important characteristics, such as matter, manner, style, language, grammar, spelling, paper, printing, sectarian character, &c. This was entirely in accordance with the rocommendations (25) and (26) of Chapter VII of the Report of the Education Commission, which wore as follows: That care be taken to avoid, as far as possible, the introduction of toxt-books which are of an aggressive charactor, or are likoly to give unnecessary offunco to any soction of the community; " " that in the printing of text-books, especially vernacular text-books, attention be paid to clearness of typography.' I low onorous havo been the dutios of tho Committee will bo inanifost whon it statod that down to August 1888 no less than 1,282 books had beon receivod for examination, and more or less fully roportod on. The first completo list of text-books, brought down to the end of the ygar 1887, was submitted to me in March 1838, and has since been circulated to the superior inspocting officers for opinion. This list includos 524 books, distributod as follows:-English roaders 98, English grammars 33, Bengali roaders 208, Bengali grammars 42, history 25, goography 25, arithmotic 46, mensuration 18, geomotry 6, scienco 23. A supplementary list is Low under proparation and will probably bo ready by tho end of the current year. The cordial acknowledgments of tho Dopartinent are duo to Raja Rajendra Lala Mitra, C.I.E., D...., the Presidont, and to the Mombers of the Committee, who have discharged their laborious and invidious dutios in a manner worthy of all praise. 243. Besides the Central Toxt-book Committoo sitting at Calcutta, thore aro Branch Committoes for Bohar and Orissa. Tho Behar Committoo consisted of Nawab Wilayat Ali Khan, Buhadur, C.I.E., as Prosident, Pandit Chhatu Ram Tewari, of tho Patna College, and the Inspector of Schools, Behar Circle, as Member and Secretary. During the yoar under report the Committee was reconstituted with Nawab Wilayat Ali Khan as President, und 16 other members, four of them cx-officio. Tho Orissu Committoo, consisting of 13 members, examined during the year nino books, of which seven wuro adopted as text-books. The Joint-Inspector states that special encouragement is nooded for tho production of Uriya wall maps, atlases aud dictionaries, which at present are not likely to command a remunerative sale. 244. The Calcutta School Book Society, which rocoivos a grant of Rs. 200 a month from Government, still servos as the chief medium for the distribution of books in the interior through its numerous agencies; but with tho extension of railway and steam communication, a rapid clovelopment of privato enterprise in this direction has takon place of lato years. In the year 1887 tho Society sold in Calcutta, and by means of its agoncies in differont parts of the country, 233,564 books, valued at Rs. 95,839. A. CROFT, Director of Public Instrucliun. CALCUTTA : The 14th December 1888.

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·EDUCATION-GBXERAL TABLE I. Abstract Return of Colleges, Schools and Scholars in the Loicer Prorinces of Bengal at the end of the official year 1887-88. (For details--sce General Table III.) ARBA AID POPCLATION. PUBLIC ISSTIICTIONS. Private institutions. Cniversity education, School education general. School edincetiou, special. Percentage of Total area in square miles, Number of towns and villages, RBXARKS. Population, Arts collexes. Total of public institu. tionis, Professional colleges. All other sp ciul schools. Advinced. Elementary. Teaching thol Kornn only. Other schools -wujojn0.) JOU ink to del purtmentul standards. GRAND TOTAL. 3 7 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 3.me 3,878 2.635 24 For males... 3. 12 2,251 48.629 198 51,1+1 9,745 60,889 Institution Institutions to number of towns and Villages. GENERAL STATISTICS. 1 952 12 ( For females 2,232 64 10 2,292 5 301 2,583 99 . Towns Villages Total 232 259,696 Males 33,917.217 Females 31,2+3,331 165,775 3,003 i 4,167 2,635 236 259,918 Total 63,160,599 Total 83 1: 2,305 50,871 c 41 193 53,436 10,04 63,432 24'42 31.953 27,915 30,191 2,109 Males 4,483 1,477 958 191,55 1,009, +1? 13 4,045 1,270,965 91,149 1,362,114 Jale scholars to male po pulation of school-going age. t 8677 Scholars • 1 135 2,414 2,892 326 (Females 11 19 5,133 79.963 133 10 83,325 5,507 Female scholars to female po pulation of school.going 10 90,93! 1976 ago. † Zo $1,1+0 | 80,319 32,773 2,434 Total 4,191 1,496 19,093 1,145,410 4,05% 1,356,289 1,141 ... 96,656 1,452,945 Total scholars to total popula. tion of school going et 14'21 . A trwn motains 5,mo inhabitants or upwaris, A vilage contains !-ss than 5,000 inlabitants. + The populatiou of school-gung age is takeu ar 15 per cent of the whole population, ·E: EDUCATION-GENERAL TABLE II. Abstract Return oj' expenditure on Public Instruction in the Lower Prorinces of Bengal for the official year 1887-88. (For details-see General Table IV.) TOTAL DIRECT EXPENDITURE OF PUBLIC INSTRTCTIOS, TOTAL INDIRECT EXPENDITORE 0X PUBLIC INSTRUCTION Critersity educa:ion. School education, general. School education, special, Total espenditure on public instruc. tion. Total. Unirer. Direc. sity. tion, Special krants for fur Buildings. niture and appara. tus. Scholar. sbips. Inspection i Miscel laneous, Total. REXARKS. 'Arts colleges. Profissional Shrnndary colleges. schools. Frimary sebouls. Training schools. All etljer special schools. 2 3 17 7 10 18 10 12 9 13 14 00 11 15 Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. 1. Institutions ... { For males females 6,17,233 3,863 ...... II.1.. I....1 2,69,279 28,30,677 24,16,1 13' 82,913 2,25.520 61,41,734 88,51860,053 5,47,129 2,20,422 1,51,673 5,623 1,42,445 13,15,863 76,57,597 3,35.37 2.59, 265, 19,77% | 6,17,439, 6,17,439 2,69,279, 31,66,114 26,74,378 1,02.687 2,25,520, 70,59,173 89,516 60,053, 5,47,129 2,20,422 1,51,673 5,623 1,43,446 12,15,863 82,76,038 Total 6,21,195 GENERAL STATISTICS. 13 07 10'86) 20.98! 9:21 3:59 6:26 63.97 2.85 15.83 9 311 5.65 19 2.20 100" 36.03 44:11] 24-001 •15 22.69 63:35; 32 -201 31.661 100 11 8:30 2. (a) Percentages of provincial expen. diture included in colamns 2-17 to total provincial expenditure on public instruction. (6) Percentages of local fund expen. diture included in columns 2-15 to total local fund expenditure on public instruction, (c) Percentages of municipal expen. diture included in columns 2-17 to total municipal expenditure on public instruction. (d) Percentages of total expenditure in columns 2-17 to total expenditure on public instruction. 22:55 70-301 *56 1:03) *50 23.8 2:56 6.121 100 031 2:48, 1.100 7.50 3.25 38.28 32:32 2.72 85:31; 1:07 1024 72 6.61 2.67 1.83 1.72 100 14:09 3. AVBBAGE* ANNCAL COST OF EDUCAT- ING BACA PCPIL IN * The annual cost is calculated on the direct expenditure only. The average cost of educating each pupil is obtained by dividing the direct expenditure by the average number on the rolls monthly during the year. Rs. A. P. Rs. A. P. Rs. A. P.' Rs. A. P.Rs. a. P. Rs. 4. P. Rs. A. P Departmental insti. tutions. Cost to provincial 168 5 9465 15 6 168 5 9 465 15 6 9 5 7 4 4 9,87 0 9 46 12 9 33 11 11 revenues. Cost to local and 0 6 2 1 12 2 0 5 7 municipal funds. ..... 1 Total cost I 257 15 1 524 13 6 28 14 10,4 13 790 1 365 8 1 57 7 1 ·11 6 31 0 9 7 0 3 1 Municipal District schools Cost to provincial and revenues. Board Cost to District Board and mani. cipal funds. 098+ The average cost of each papil in local fund and municipal schools is obtained from the figures given in general table VII. 4 12 3 4 13 8 4 0 1 ...... Total cost 135 14 1 10 5 31 49 0 ... 10 8 4 ...... ..... 25 0 3 4 26 11 0 6 3 Aided institutions... Cost to provincial 29 1 1 revenues. Cost to local and municinal funds. 0 7 8 Fractions of a rupee are omitted, except in the columns showing the average annual cost of educating each pupil. 0 10 2 2 0 8 0 7 6 1 12 4 Total cost 158 6 5 16 15 7 2 10 290 0921 4 4 5 11, Unaided institutions Total cost 50 12 7 24 7 2 13 16 8 2 3 6 58 6 10,499 45 15 10 63 9 9 231 12 11 2 6 10 2 11'65 13 633 11 1 1 11 4 1 All institutions Cost to provincial revenues, Cost to local and municipal funds. 1 8 1! म 0 6 7 1 2 5 0 3 4 0 3 1 ... Total cost 143 12 2 273 6 0 17 17 2 3 189 10 1157 11 61 6 11 7 GENERAL STATISTICS. iii ·is GENERAL STATISTICS. EDUCATION GENE Return of Colleges and Schools and of Scholars attending them PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS. UNDER PUBLIC MANAGEMENT. UNDER PRIVATN MANAGRMINT. Maintained by the Department. Maintainod by District or Municipal Boards. Aided by the Department or by District or Municipal Boarda. Unaided. CLASS or (XSTITUTIONS. Sumber of institutions. Yumber of scholars on the rolls on 31st March, Avemee number on the rolls mouthly during the year. Average daily attendance. Yamber of institutinos. Number of scholars on the rolls on 31st March. d verage number on the rolls monthis during the year. Arerage dails attendance. Sumber of institutions. Number of scholars on the rolls on 31st March, A Ferage namber on the rolls monthly during the year. Average daily attendance. Number of institutions. Number of scholars on the rolls on 31st March, Average number on the rolls monthly dering the year. Average dails attendance. o 6 8 D 11 12 18 14 16 16 17 UNIPERBITY EDUCATIOX. Arts College. Laglish 11 1,983 1,452 1,337 1 43 37 8 002 000 778 18 2,107 1,021 1,609 000 I. ... COLLRGRO OR DETARTYENTA OP COLLEGES FOR PROFESSIONAL TRAININO. 7,047 406 781 ... . ... I.II. 0 1 1 Law Meclicina Engineering Total Univornity Education 193 1650) 104 140 141 180 128 1990) 197 .. ...... JS.IC ... . 10 1,892 1,911 1,723 1 43 37 8 1982 900 778 17 3,154 2,416 2,290 SECONDARY EDUCATION. Iligh and Midula Schools. Por Boys Iligh Schools English Middlo English Vornacular 60 1. ... 14,376 1,820) 3,114 14,532 1,340; 2,1907 12,002 1.07 2,150 6 12 15.1 1,113 983 8,761 1,416 $105 7,600 1,122 712 0,07: 151 $17 892 25,143 4,63 49,881 23,6567 37.221 16,317 18,777 28.418 85,483 92 195 108 27,6756 27,209 22,117 13,60 12,517 9,8127 6,663 6,037 4,617 O. 35 .. For Girls High Schools Middle English 22 20. 187 1:10 ..... ... 8 8 078 1,810 1,93 387 206 610 1,676 1,212 361 185 { Blonde 350 151 :: 21 19 1,3 111 1,126 ... Vorricular SS ...... 199,051 18,932 16,3683 173 11,200 10,011 7.9930 1,036 117,765 109,735 85,906 411 ... 48,681 46,419 37,362 Total Socondary Schools PUIMARY EDUCATION. Primary Schools. Por Boya l'p prir primary... Lower Hor Girls Upper primairy... J.owor Totul Primary Schools 209 302 . ... .. 11 10 413 143 377 13 10 15 97,200 468 312 2,800 37,-4:30 106.320 819,82:3 30305 77,069 760,703 623,015 1441 6,995 4,812 3,763 8,141 140,778 122,011 102,8633 אא1 210 191 145 18 029 ... .... . . 201 1,720 8,205 81,78; 7,812 28,787 5,570 22,367 1,075 8,378 219 3,024 650 2,408 850 1 311 30.5 1,0:40) 1,007 033 42,25 916,113 901,29 790,051 8,838 150,621 131,680 100,074 ..... .... ...... ... ... 2 10 138 7661 119 76) 121 01 ... ... 226 245 198 ...... 5.sa.. SCHOUL EDUCATION, SIKCIAL. Schools for Special Instruction. School of Art Training schools for nurslar Guru-training classes attached muiddle schools Training schools for uistroascu Medical schools Survøy Industrial Mad CANNAB Other schools 164 634 400 950 .. 11... ... 1433 197 131 6 18 138 14 115 3 13 88 . 570 2 ..... 549 239 .... ..... 1. + S 1 7 1 650 250 98 1,130 30 7 307 217 in1 100 3.5 1,500 399 5 1.2.9 37 152 898 88 992 88 ..... 125 314 28 6 135 142 BU ... 187 3,521 2,043 29 10 831 026 8,113 818 761 713 671 ..... .. Total Sprinl Schools Total Rohouls of Public Instruction... 323 2:9,10) 20,4'10 12,332 11,0*3 8,605 43,932 1,118,098 1,012,741 817,421 8,952 203,217 181,228 141,007 ... .. ... ... ... II. ... ... di 10. ed PRIVATE INSTINCTIONS (1. ADVANCED, TEACHING (a) Arhie or Persiun (0) Sanskrit 2. ELEMENTARY, TEACTINO a Vernacular only or mainly (a) With 10 pupils and upwards (6) With less than 10 pupils 3. TEAONING the Kuran only 14. VruEK SCHOOLS nut conforming to Departmontal standards .60 .. .. * girls ... • 100 1. $ For boys girls S Por boys Por loya girls Por boys girls Total 4. .. 11. GRAND TOTAL . . Includes tho Macbuhani Sanskrit School with 90 pupile in Darbhanga an'l the Rivors Thompson Gantama pathsala with 20 papils in Chaprah. (a) No returns of 218 pupils frotu la Jurtinere boys' school, and St. Joseph's Collego, Darjeeling. (0) No returns of 75 orphans from Mt. Michael's School, Coorjee, (c) No roturns of 216 pupils from Lu Martinoro girls' solivol and Loretto Convent, Darjeeling.

·GENERAL STATISTICS. RAL TABLE TIL. in the Lower Provinces of Bengal for the official year 1887-88. NUMBER OF BOROLABB OX TUB 316T OP MAECE LEARNING OLABSIDICATION OF ACNOTARS ON THE 818T OP MARCI ACCORDING TO KACE OR CBEAD. Aborigines. REMARKS. Grand total of pablio institutions, Grand total of scholars on the 31st of March, A classical language. A vernacular language. Europeans and Eurasians, Vatire Christians (non-abori. ginal). English. The Hindus. The Mahomedans. The Christians, The Non-Christians. Others. 232 24 18 19 22 28 29 217 1 24 4,162 ..... 33 06 4,451 3,335 11 girls. ...... 2 9 69 ... 10 1,172 160 164 80 19 girls. 1,104 70 131 1,172 100 104 1 1 1 1 3 37 284 104 1 81 5,07070 E,917 5,467 3,335 30 girls. 299 703 1,189 69,098 564 170 67,02% 66,616 39,192 9,10: 29,390 1,150 309 41,392 (a) 938 61,263 (6) 1,020 66,062 2 (a) 449 (0)69,081 (n) 7,0:00 (0) 216 (0)41, 08 (2) 7.77: 100 60,567 9,849 (a) 43 (0) 493 00 (n) GO (6) 166 200 (a) 158 (b) 116 175 42 girls, 416 kirls. 588 girls. ..10 11 1,205 2,016 1,28933 1,199 1,478 168 78 (c) 50 () 10 252 19 290 (c) 7152 (c) 90 (c) 157 (C) 2 1818 (11) 1,715 (d) 115 (el) 7:1 1,209 8 817 9.11 31 1031,058 (c) 5,071 | (c) 1.370 () 161,121 (c)21,721 ...... ...... 155 boys. 30% boys. 1,070 girls in boga' schools, 617 boys n girls' schools. 2,3H55 190,004 117.018 31.101 (e) 536 (e) 426 i) 317 ing 3,093 1,077 112,618 991,110 131 51,410 112,303 185,118 318 13 981 1,720 88,633 070,260 21,401 283,510 196 2,3323 1,308 21,253 418 2,020 3,831 girls. 33,30% girls. 46,640 294 1,948 9,493 30,159 091 03 **1,047 9,167 34,701 312 45 419 081 8.209 26,640 100 0,238 285 43.2 090) 111 336 linys. 1,442 bys, 37.131 girls in loys' srihools. 1,818 boys in girls' schools. 088 2,364 62,588 1,141,367 18,407 801,707 313,319 60,861 1,148,110 3,2.33 2,0:14 29,99 1 .. .. 168 9821 3 1 148 603 6 68 641 87 982 44 81 102 S 33 girls. 2 ..... *** ...... 540 159 93 2 25 129 7 9 boys. 4 girls. 3 7:7 2 ..... ...... 165 6 6 8 13 12 8 6.10 151 727 210 819 940 105 304 1 016 231 232 18 192 144 1 10-1 22 149 1,003 1 1... 60 259 619 1,621 230 6 girls. ...... 604 ..... 1,468 05 33 ...... 014 225 5,195 88,430 1,866,289 2,076 9,690 241 2,524 2,049 111 150 89,100 1,309,004 () 6,962 ) 5,154 1973,182 (S)340,400 ()3,929 (7) 2.5,859 42 { S) 3,914 43 girls in hoys' Achoole. #buy's in guls' schools. 38,249 kirls in boye' schools. ,.*-* buys in girls' schools. 120,813 5 1,070 17,483 ...... ...... 1,710 1,298 1 18,832 12,308 12 18,508 13,296 1,899 12,304 188 kirls. 8 girls. 12 12 ..... ...... ..... .. 1.. 483 7,674 6,746 2,579 4,934 160 11 ..... HOR... 01.... 6 10 77 10 270 ...... 8,424 289 2,645 224 12 19,663 2,099 1,850 1,210 3:30 32,519 6897 20,528 2,095 32,773 2,191 813 18,027 1,236 4 1,050 20.5 254 168 girls. 100 girls. 1: boys. 2,58% girls. 13 girls. 4,822 857 92,769 039 51 ...... ...... 109 432 .... ..... ...... 1,571 288 9 90, A66 2+ 10,046 (87,432 31,943 21 94,3150 01,205 420) 77 607 { 1605,642 1,341,007 (%) 5,952 (0) 6,176 1,007,512 (0) 401,071 (0) 4,000 ()24,245 () 3,721 3,711 girls in boya' schools. 19 boys ju girls' schools, 41,304 Totul girls in loys' schools. :1,330 boys in kirls' schools, 69,489 1,452,948 127,087 (d) No returns of A2 orphans from Oalcutta Free Sobool. (c) No returns of 687 pupils, 0 No returns of 687 pupils, 6) No returus of 687 pupils, ·vi GENERAL STATISTICS. EDUCATION GENE Return of Expenditure on Public Instruction in the Lower HIRW PUBLIO INSTI UNDER PUBLIC MANAGEMENT. Maintained by the Department. Maintuinod by District and Municipal Boardı. OBJECTS EXPENDITORI. Prcvincial revenues. Endowments and other sources. Municipal funds. Local funds. Subscriptions. Endowments and other sour. Provincial revenues. Junicipal funds. Local funds. Subscriptions. Fees. Total, Fees. *193 Total 1 2a 26 2c 20 20 Sa 86 8d 88 sf 8 Rs. Hs. KA. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Re. Re. Ra. UNIVERSITY EDUCATION. Arts Colleges. English Collegos or Dopartments of Colleges for Profossional Training. ... 1,15,1721 400 14,810, 3,74,275 2,44,203 ... ... .. 2,6-40 1 . .... .0...0 ..... ... ..... ... 2,807 8,849 6170 ...... Law Medirino Engineuring -3,950 1,61.5012 70,770 12,861 8,730 6,666 9,617 1,70,237 77,421 ..... e .. ... ... .. ...... Totul 4,72.000 1,449,414 15,416 6,31,460 490 2,846 ... ...... ... .. 2,807 6,849 BECONDARY EDUCATION. Iligh and aliddle Schools. Por boys- High schools English Middle schools Ourlisli Veruacular ... ... 1,25,457 21 084 10,193 6,683 15,169 4,50.773 2,229 1.50) 200 17.9959 2033 2,777 089 2981 20,618 3,508 38,094 2,390 3,110.839 1,103 22,957 3,801 11,512 5,391 19,450 94 2,012 20,180 1,475 3,994 1,468 4,982 1,015 18,885 5,4415 23 87,005 .. . HILIB. ... IO .... . For girls ikle schools Middle schools 17,677 4,3916 8225 22,496 ... .. English English Vornucular ...... ...... ..... ...... ... . ... ... ...... Total Bocondary Schools 1,77,411 8,317 7,354 3,89, 10:21 15,967 0,47,741 6,0850 40,87'! 40,487 100 7,014 42,814 7,008 2,096 1,06,292 .... PRIMARY EDUCATION. Primary Schools (Vernacular). for boys - Upper primary Lower julunury 24+1 246 102 ... 1,533 O ...... 1,777 670 . 738 246 06-11 1,118 1,895 1,369 ... ... . II. ...... For Gimleri 113 1,105 70 ..... ... ..... .. ... I. ..... ..... II. 1,818 Upmr primary Lower primary ..." ... 1.... ... .. ...... ... Totul Primury Schools 2,197 2601 198 08 ... 1,207 70 1,777 001 4,872 SPECIAL EDUCATION. ..... ...... 24.078 63,20) 3,164 808 ...... 1,321 111 . ..... ...... ...... ... Schuils for Special Instruction. School of Art Traming nihools for masters Guru-training LANC" Training schools for inistrisses Medicul nehely Survey schools Industrial schools Mod LASIS Other whools 1... ..... ..... ... . 28,145 67,471 1,915 7:1,005 10,187 1,800 65,859 4,071 .. R... 15,803 2.830 ...... ... ..... ... ..... .... 03,402 7,348 1,200 20,-$17 1,073 1.. ...S. ou 000 233,925 OUD 8,419 8 ..... .. ... 19 . ... ... Total spacial schools ... 1,94,931 1,8!2 60 28,067 24,040 2,49,054 ... .. ... ...... .. ... HT ini.. .... ..... ... II. ...... ... ... ...... ...1 ... .66 ..... •ONI ..... 1.. ...... ...... ..... .... .... .... .... .30 . ...... .... ..... ..... .. ...... ... ... ..... .... 100 ...... po III. .... 11. . ... ...... ...... ..... ... . ...... ..... ... .... ... ... l'niversity Ditution Inspection Arty colleges Professionn rollegos Nerondary sclerols Scholarships held in Primary Achocis Sprcial schools other than training chools Building Furniture and apparatus (spacial gruuts only) Miscellaneony Ilontol charges Chnrkesli pillsolished xchools Charge for conducting exaungatious Prizen nnd rewards Contingencius aud miscellancous Totul TOTAL EXPENDITURE ON PIBIC JNSTRECTION .. 00 ... ...... . ..... 0. ...... . 1. ...... ...... . .. ... . ... ...... . ..... ...... ... I.... . ..... ...... ... ..... ... ... ...... 3,40,76: 1,822 7,414 5,10,838 8,325 86,1139 14,30,092 6,748, 41,855 9,211 15,130 7,072 0,6141 1,10,647 (a) luoludes Rs. 3,781 from Provincial · Ditto Bur moso and Assum ·GENERAL STATISTICS. vii RAL TABLE IV. Provinces of Bengal for the official year 1887-88. KW TUTIONS. UNDER PRIVATE MANAGEMENT, TOTAL EXPENDITURE FROM- Aided by the Department or by District and Municipal Boards. Unaided. GRAND TOTAL. REMARKS. Provincial revenues. Endowments and other sour. ces. Municipal funds. e Local funds. En lowments and other sour. Ct's. Subscriptions. Provincial revenues. Local funds, The Municipal funds. e Saliscriptions. Fees. All other sources. Total. Fees. Tutal. Fees. ba 6c 5 ca Co Rs. Rs. Ro. Rs. ks. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Ka. Rs. Rs. Ry, 20,840 47,153 25,251 44,769 1,45,613 70,299 1,900 21,615 07,661 2,74,871 2,85,170 ... 1,11,151 0,21,195 00101 12.050 54 12,101) ...... 660 ...... ..... ...... - 3,9,0 1,01,745 70.773 24,011 8,7335 0.016 21,021 1,701,237 97,421 1.... ...... ... ...... 26,810 47,133 25,251 44,769 1,13,513 82,349 1.000 21,66M 1,00,668 55,03,201 2,75,463 1,11,811 8,90,47 ..... ... 1,03,069 55,385 22,1502 1,07,842 10,981 75,442 6,95% 9,15,407 1,87,4990 1,25,88+ 81,221 1,3,219 6,57,411 3,75,781 07,419 1,567,741 3:3,70 : 6.51,88% 37,230 32,0,54 85,375 4,703 8,41,5:50 11,838 12,155 69,026 0,12.299 2,30,7 19 18,121 1,022,413 79.7:32 87,800 83,613 56.995 1,10,319 1,13,536 80,228 i 10,11,130 13.12.1 2.51.0089 11,831 1,68,109 3,77.10? 16,49,629 7,12,134 1,18,239 1,05, 910 43,284 ..... ....10 ...... ...... ..... 14,470 85,011 6,741 88,742 75,191 1,9991 3,524 10.000 1.1,202 180 050 14,151 1,20,6933 33,000 1,1,188 12,427 30,633 230 bi7 x17 31,753 35,011 6,711 180) 0501 83,136 73,111 1,991 12,300 11,0733 7,029 1,43,180 1..13,703 36,013 132 132 2,67,910 1,43,116 41,205 7,94,705 8,61,500 2,54,53: 18,03,00:37 4,25,154 1,31,932 02,011 C,49),108 6,40,931 2,233 987 56,538 16,01,33405 8, 4:1,.304 31,615,114 42,790 85,088 1,12,517 2,72,978 3,008 1,42,091 6,719 '11,81,43% 41.772 13,678 3,58,856 7,280 3,992 1,01,156 1,32,427 17,82,790 2,06,601 | 31,678 3,287 13,065 19, 362 2,57,401 44,378 83,732 1,13,233 3,73,-24 8,200 1,49,867 0,719 13,91,089 62.7933 3,733, 103 2,83,836 | 20.12,020 14,566 2,625 1.3.834 3,28 40.519 22,4 1.971 22.301 9,920 9,216 11,393 7,121 97,12+ 19.111 1,33,597 101,738 937 40,370 22,8/0 11,91,163 1,271 2,115 10,639 22,391 3,210 6,705 4,09,167 15,058 13,49,753 54,313 27,795 1,36,375 658 89,4:29 6,100 1,00,740 416 2,36,760 1,79,8140 -3,75,761 2,15,22) 62,261 24,116 -2,91,608 1.93,548 4,10,141 16,355 15,59, 170 20,7 1,378 .... ..1... ..... ..... ..... .. 8,075 830 10,037 3,168 1,138 ...... .... 24.978 711,270 1,911 6,120 63,803 15,412 18,056 1,321 1 10,17% 10,465 1.1 8,120 8,930 434) 9,472 659) ..... .. 259 353 818 335 ...... 28,146 82.913 1,415 10,774 74.460 10.187 8.731 X:1,XO) 7,298 ..... ..... .... ...... ...... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... 4.1999 10,158 2,8:39 59 17,981 2003 1,195 511 1,038 ..... 8,414 6,178 011 59 12,639 702 12,420 121 8, 2019 701 33,421 1:1 2,3913 26,417 4,7:11 5,709 41,823 2,039 720 888 200 1,879 88 3.103 2012 ..... 12,110 779 4,4836 22, 441 3,884 49,671 1:3,205 13,803 33, 179 2,07,061 1,320 833 45,738 733,-73 3,28,207 88,318 ... ...... II. ...... AI... ..... .... ..... ...... .. 2.10,993 1.1... ...) ...20 11. .... ... ...... ..... ..... 001,053 3,32,756 8:1,80** 20.9101 71,130,0 8,381 2,910$ 10,500 3,102 1,312 451 88,516 601,033 6,17,1:9 1,003,104 21,01$ 77,5titi 10,157 001. I. ...... 1...00 ... 1,21 1,0-10 24 376 .... ... 2,417 1,14,779 4,011 1,476 1,99 2,054 U 30) 28,Mit 293 2.877 1,61,617: 6,623 ..... .00 ..... ..... II ...... .....1 O.HR סין. ...... ...... ... ... ..... 51 II. ... I.. ...... ..... ... 7,354 8,-4914 2,180) 11.891 ... ID... 907 21,000 21,302 85,427 62,719 ..... ...... ...... A05 119 3,4:36 03 4,6118 15,8%, 8,109 21.1125) 33, 1-10 .... ...... 0.000 ...... ...... ...... ..... 11... ...... ..... ..... 802 1,067 190.00 ...... .... ...... ..... 7,67,671 ...... .... ...... 2,8-6,345 9,34,795 4,015 25,872 09.100 12,15,863 88,034 35,77,851 18,46,41% 82,26,030 4,87,618 5,92,873 187,098 21,90,077 0,35,001 4,63,125 41,25,085 7,35,983 1,89,898 1,46,307 10,83,819 21,0%,312 (a) Rovendor of the Borhainpory Colleges Govoromont scholarships, ·EDUCATION-GBXERAL TABLE V. !T!A Return of the Stages of Instruction of Pupils in Public Schools for General Education in the Loicer Prorinces of Bengal at the end of the official year 1887-88. HIGI STAGE. MIDDLE STAGE. T'PPER PRIVABT STAGE. LOWRR PRIMARY STAGB. Comprising all pgpils who have not pussed beyond the Lower Primary stage. Ceriprising all mirils who Comprising all pupils who Comprising & pupils who hat... plussendt hosrud the bare jaseva hisoad the lure passer levont the! Mulille stree, but have nut l'pper Prinary stage, but: Lær Pr mary stage, lut; prasert the Matriculation have not pilased beyond the has not presei besond the Esumination. Middle started l'pper Primary stage, TOTAL. CLASE OP SCHOOLS. Number of pupils on tho rolls ou 31st Murch. Reading printed books. Not reading printed books. Number of solinols. 1 2 S 5 Boss. Girls. Tital, Boys. Girls, Total. Bors. Girls. Total. Boys. Girls, Total Boys. Girls. Total, Boss. Girls. Total. SECONDARY SCHOOLS. Boys' Schools. Departmental Local Pund High English Yndicipal Aidend luaided 50 14,376 4,952 IN 4,952 4,507 4,507 1.1 2,946 • 2,946 2,028 2,028 1.) 43 13 14,576 14,576 .. .. ... JU!... ...... ...IP .... ... ... ... 151 10.. I.1 1.413 25,143 27,64 489 3,237 7,215 517 7,213 8,213 5,437 10 .. 517 7,2-3 8,245 242 6.371) 6,571 7 219 6.383 6,575 186 5,952 5,171 12 186 5,844 5,171 19% 12 206 200 1,43 25,104 27,491 1,145 25,144 27,192 1911 9 O. • 436 245 359 333 ... 65 74 1,356 1 ... 2 1,356 $29 161 40,263 13,959 72 22 .I. 293 170 10 17,697 2,070 ... 170 14 5.613 .... GENERAL STATISTICS. . 360 8+) 98 17,888 6,714 1,364 825 164 40,048 13,655 1.9 1 547 195 16 OP 13 43 34 11.6.2. 3,14 ...1 VO 13 45 11,795 3,621 11! Departmental Local Pund Middle English ... Municipal Aided (Unaided Departmental Local Fund Middle Ternacalar Municipal 1 Aided (L'naided 17,776 6,615 2,848 165 40,282 18,869 21 2,920 1,401 I... 99 1,318 204 18 18 36 151 3 5.00 1,397 590 1,346 767 2,030 3,114 1 . ...I 19 7 9 38 8,410 3,114 8,4+1 324 48,591 6,363 ... 767 ! 2,023 84 12.345 1.113 1.343 3,09 39 21.3 8,197 IR.. 1,349 3,46 139 21,743 3,115 894 1,579 61 5,799 1.067 111... 891 1,588 61 5,973 1.196 3,100 8,408 324 48,099 6,513 ... 22 8, the 931 23 8,472 9.36 105 13,371 1,116 291) 25 175 482 394 49,581 6,583 ..! AI Total 2,251 192,12) 19, luz 18,1112 49,146 38 42,176 48,9,13 48.949 68,042 658 68,620 13,709 391 14,100 190,870 1,076 191,846 Girls' Schools. 2 .1. 205 Dr. 37 37 17 ..1... 53 93 206 .11.0 dans 1. ..13 $13.6 58 ...... I... High English (Departmental Local Fund Municipal Aided (Unaided ... 93 ..... 127 1.1.0 ...et 1080.. b. ..... HAIRDE 1... 41... M.A. 673 .60 5 56 14 bfi 15 3 209 121 3 10 153 101 5:00 337 1.1 156 111 673 100 56 11 125 67 18 • 81 • ... 1.0 .. ... ... #011. ..1.10 ...IN IP ..16 10000 *** ... . ... .... II. Middle English Departmental Local Fund Municipal 1 Aided (Tuaided 1.1 010 ...... ..... 10.18 .... 1.1. ID 10.. . 110 .... 1.00 .... .... ..... 1..... 21 .. 1,810 206 001 20 336 8S 977 28 417 109 18 528 419 '18 149 360 88 1 509 73 2.0 S18 47 1,492 159 2,810 208 1010 ...... .... W.. 10.11 ..11 11.10 111.16 .24. .. ... ..... ... Departmental Local Fund Middle Vernacular Municipal Aided Chaided 6.6.16 te... 10.I. ... ... 1. 1.IR ..... 8... ... 1. 1 .... 19 .... ... 10.2. ... 1,283 168 ..... 163 ... 2:6 231 13 651 1.00 18 1,875 1,493 1,131 DI.. ..... it .... 116 16. 4,574 107 107 23 881 43 59 943 Total TotaL SECONDARY SCHOOLS 1,002 185 1,387 1,553 248 1758 1,004 617 4057 4,874 2,808 ... 186,694 18,102 107 18,209 42,109 916 43,935 48,912 1,035 49,950 68,247 1,825 70,172 13,957 1,147 16,104 191,387 5,183 1,88,520 ·PRIMARY SCHOOLS. Por Boys. 116 10. ... 214 82 III. 83 43 .. I IDIO ..... .. Departmental Local Fond Upper Primary ... Municipal | Aided (Unaided 11 9 7 2,866 19 413 843 271 106,3:36 5,395 1. 116 07 35 19.9;8 975 S5 19,752 I. 123 115 69.42 214 1:8 116 69,499 2,381 412 233 270 102,681 5,-21 413 249 271 106,328 5 1 1,806 35 1 10 1 3,645 174 ID06 • 1. 31 49 1 ! 120 23,846 1,7 IIII. 390) 48 1,699 85 25,474 1,191 ..!! 5 6,385 .. 1 ..... .... 33 1.IR 11.... II. ..... ..10 ... Departmental Local Fund Lower Primary ... Municipal Aider! (l'anided 10 2 13 37,430 8,141 343 38 934 919,823 140,778 10. Ir. I.. .... ... 106 23 151 207,500 cs,533 106 29 151 5211.481 09.946 110D 10II. I.1 10 143 32 334 849,823 140,778 .... 3 3 5.: 96 174 3 5,22) ... 76 S 181 307,871 67,976 13,479 1,1 37 139 4 52 181 834 8:29,543 820.603 701,0-8 136,699 21,589 | 1,066,624 15,677 2,633 29,220 . III. ... ...10 ...... .. 171 4,079 Total 48,629 1,103,758 .!... 4: +47 26,331 292 26,623 68,256 16.813 655,099 401,565 20.024 $7,184 | 1,103,758 Por Giris. ... ...:) 13 .1.1 1 .... .. ... 1. III. ul. II.1 ... ... ... ... *119 ...! I. I... P... .... 3 261 . .... 210 110... 210 8,209 1,075 69 . 31 1,(5 53 31 1,4187 51 197 13 1012 4,419 500 102 4,616 5:3 2,353 487 77 2,435 508 7,907 301 35 210 8,208 1,075 110 ... PRO 1 2010 21 (Departmental Local Fund Upper Primary Municipal Alded Unaided Departmental Local Fund Lower Primary ...? Manieipal Aided Iloaides 1,040 ..... m. ....1 1 ... .... ..... .1 .... . ... ... .. ..... ..... ... 1 ... III. ...... .I. . IO. ...... ..! 1 .... ... 39.7 1,722 219 393 ... .. ... 1 31.766 3,373 745 23 In,794 1,356 6S 27 13,275 1,931 17,429 1,119 24,169; 13,90 1,958 1,432 50 39,354 3,3:03 31,786 3,373 ..!!! ... ... Total 44,652 1 71 71 26 1,543 1.571 i 478 23,001 E14 18,1:38 18,940 1,918 42,934 44,652 Total Primary Schcols - 51,961 1,143,410 1 51S 1,337 2,357 1.4639.36 IDI 39,904 679,168 402.379 35,150 410,529 , 1,968, 442 79,968 1,149,410 GRAJD TOTAL GENERAL STATISTICS. 53,166! 45,194 15,112 103 18,210 42.611 902 $3,603 75,269 2,975 75,141 707,511 41,529 719,340 416,336 39,-97 455,633 1,259,529 85,101 1,5+4,930 • 174 boys from La Martinière School not returned, R ix ·GENERAL STATISTICS. EDUCATION-GENERAL TABLE VI. Return shoving the Results of Prescribed Examinations in the Lower Provinces of Bengal for the official year 1887-88. NOMBKR ON INSTITOTIONS BRNLING KXAMINE&N. NUMBER OF EXAMINERS. NUMBER PASSBD. RACE OB CREED OP PASBBD SCHOLARU. public Abori. Rival" ruous. NATORE OF EXAMINATION, under Institutions wanagement. Aided institutions. Other institutions. Institutions under public management. Aided institutions, Other institutions. Private students. under public Institutions manageinent. Aided institutions, Other institutions. Earopeans and Eurasians. Native Christiana. en Private students. Total. Muhammadana. Total. Hindus. Total De Christians. Non-Christians. Others. 1 2 3 . B 7 2 IJ 12 13 16 16a 166 160 cu 166 16e 101 ARTS COLLEGES S 46 27 B 7 . 1. Master of Arts 2. Bachrlor of Arts 3. First exumination in Ärts 10 14 28 19 188 220 238 399 10 31. 606 82 813 11 1,241 101 78 66 10 76 120 80 190 8 18 11 ... 49 829 481 1 11 40 287 42B 1 12 10 2 23 18 V 8 COLLRGES FOR I'ROYEBSIONAL TRAIN- Law 1. Buchelor of Law ... 7 11 04 ...... 2012 836 (10 238 ..... Medicine 1 1 1 1 . 1. M. D. 2. Birut M.B. S. 10. J.M.8, 4. Second M.B. 6. Do. L.M.8. 0. Honours in Burgery. 16 0 1 17 1: > Religion not known. Medicine and 1 1 . ... ..... ... Engineering 1, B.E. 2. First examination in Enginecring. 3. L.E. 1 13 13 8 ... 1 1 2 2 ...." ... BOK GENERAL EDUCA- SCHOOLS T10X For Rugs 120 39 1.907 02 17 1,708 113 I. ... . 14297 404 61 297 1,219 481 149 2,011 1,910 215 450 82+ 077 91 68 87 1 ILS 29 831 779 V . ..... ... 17:38 73 107 f138 2, 480) 1 3 ... 4 1. Matrculation 2. Middle English Schol- Arship Exunuiuntion). 3. Middlu Vernacular Schol. #rship Examination. 4. Vpprr l'rimary Scholarslup, Examination. 8. Lower l'rimary Nehol. Alslip Examination. (iris) Boys 16 » Boys 10 (tirin Boy's JU Girls Boys 11 Glls 201 1,004 ] 272 4,305 790 1,053:37 4,3383 100 4 6,052 bi 37, 169 18 027 1,554 154 281 3 1 2,7:34 150 110 2,389 1 3,056; 30 18,815 392 41 8 6,003 38 80.50 008 1,003 104 23 10,298 116 10,379) 239 4 253 il 2,165 216 4 2,6C6 20 15,5:2 2,427 SH3 10 6 12 9 G 20 1340 278 17 18,257 120 1309 18 277 1. 12 ... ACTOOLS FOR STRCIAL INSTRCC- TION. 7 105 620 390 1 23 403 Roligion not known. ... Training Aclioul ex. -Fur Musters animation. * Including the Nunicipal College at Midnapore, + Heligion of onc cauduate in the Dacca Division is not knownı, AL ·EDUCATION-GENERAL TABLE VII. R 2 ·xii GENERAL STATISTICS. EDUCATION GENERAL Return showing the Distribution of District Board and Municipal Expenditure on EXPENDITURE BY DISTRICT BOARDS ON PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. IN INSTITUTIONS MAINTAINED BY DISTRICT BOARDS, IN INATITUTIONS MAINTAINED NY ()BJECTS OF EXPERDITURR. Yumber of Institutions, Number of scholars on the rolls on the 31st of March. drerage pumher on the rolls montbly during the sear. Average dails attendance. Provincial grants. Local Fund grants. Municipal grants. Endowments and other sources. Total Local Pand expenditure on Public Instruction, Subscriptions. The Department. Yunicipal Boards. Private persons or Associations. Fees. Total. 2 3 6 6 7 8 10 11 19 18 16 10 Rs. Ra. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. RA Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. QECONDARY EDUCATION. High and Middle Schools. For Boys High schools ... ... .. . English English ... 23,777 0 829 817 030 9,583 1,9201 7,6993 i. 1,07,050 1,10,910 Midilo ... l'eruucular... 151 8,4101 7,340 0,865 3,508 38,074 .00 18,10 6,410 20 2005,214 765,442 1,13,638 For Girls High schools English . ... ... .. .. ... ... ... English .. ...... Middle .. ... Vornw'ular... 132 ... 132 ... ...... ..... ... Total JOC 8,157 6,49-11 3,391 H1,851 ... ... 121.689 0,750 __29 20,72,907 20 1,82,821 2,28,987 ... PRIMARY EDUCATION. Primary Schools. For Boge Upper primary ... ... 9 ... 233 150 7181 150 .. 823 ... .. ... 213 8 381,12,200 1,13,255 9,72,153 2,73,228 Lower .. 2 ... 27 2.400 ... 246 39 ... Por Girl Upper primary ... ... ... 1,271 ... ... ..... ... ... 1,271 22,391 Lowor 22,301 ... .. ... ... ... ... Total 11. 1 275 1891 005 160) 1,169 ... ... SK 4,08,331 4,10,141 SCHOOL EDUCATION, STECIAL. Schools for Special Instruction. Training Srhools for Masters Trasniuk Schools for Mistressc's 1,821! 1,321 ... ... ..... ... UI. ... .. . ... ..... III... Medicul Schools . ... ... ... .. ..... ... . . ... ...to 10. ... .. ... Burvey Schools Industrial Schools Mudrussas .. ... . ... ... ... .... BO ... .10 ... ... 00 ...... ... : ..... Other Schools .. . ... ... ... .. .... ... ...... ...... Total ... ... ..... ... 1,321 ... ... 1,821 ... .... INSPECTION ... ... ... • 30,874 2,10,098 U. ... ... ... ..... ...... SCHOLARSTIirs bold in 1,615 219 2,094 031 ... 1,921 ... ...... ... 100 5 105 301 ... II. 400 1,048 ... 9 ... ... ... . ! . ... ..15.1 Bocondary schools I'riwary Snocial schools other than truining schools BUILDINGS FORNITURE AND APPARATUS (special gruuts only)... MISCELLANEOUS 109 700 865 ILO .. 1,296 ... 1,876 .. ... ..... IUC . 109 1891 772 1,209 ... ..... ... ... 297 297 12,882 77,210 ... .. . ...... Total ... ... 1,015 890 706 3,100 30 46,064 2,04,845 68 6,37,909 0,20,799 GBAXD TOTAL 171 8,125 0,677 5,561 42,654 21,899 7,162 20 77,536 1,851 The sum of the expendituro in culumos 16 and 31 should agreo with the ·GENERAL STATISTICS. xiii TABLE VII. Public Instruction in the Lower Provinces of Benyal for the official year 1887-88. EXPENDITURE BY MUNICIPAL BOARDS ON PUBLIC INSTRUOTION. IN INSTITUTIONK MAINTAINED BY MUNICIPAL BOARDA. IX INSTITI'TIONS MAINTAINED BY other REMARKH. and Sumber of Institutions. Number of scholars on the rolls on the 31st of Jurch. drerage muraber on the rolls monthly during the year. Average daily attendance. Tntal expenditure of Local Fund and Yupi. cipal Bourds on Public Instructiun. Total Municijal expenditure on Public Instruction. Provincial grants. e Local Fund grants. The Municipal grants. Prirate persons or Associationis, Subscriptions. Endowments Soirces. The Departmer.. District Boards, Fees. Total, 18 10 20 21 24 20 30 31 92 38 Ra. Rs. RH. Rs. Rr Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. 1,418 1,416 1,192 3,391 10,460 94 2,013 20,786 2,335 29,594 30.228 30,228 ..... 3 164 148 103 211) 1,475 410 158 .. 2,289 1,168 10,951 1.29,913 ..... 13,094 473 453 319 1,310 20 1,058 3 ... 2,400 9,580 6,93 11,051 1,25,347 .... ...... 180 180) JNO) ..... ..... ...... ...... ..... ..... 630) .... ) 782 ...... II.... ...... ...... 18 2,080 2,017 1,511 2,160 8,187 20 20.93 2,010 i 3:5,875 7,043 11,361 50,13:35 9.80,521 7 271 293 850)! 20 90 972 3,008 3,40; 1.17,1181 13 334 309 161 ...... 1,113 ...... 1,113 0,719 7.533 2.81.051 5 210 191 112 143 1,105 70 1,318 4,191 ... 2,115 3,220 3,216 8,210 ..... ...... ..... 23,607 25 8.5 733 4 19 1.83 3,074 20 990 70 3, +0:3 16.01.18 18,132 1.24,273 ... ...... 1,321 ..... ...... ..... vo... ..... • ...... belaka . ...I .. ...... SOI- ...... IRO 611 611 511 ..... ..... CORO ..... ..... ..... .... ...... ...... CO ..... CO ..... 202 Jal... 50... 269 ...... ...... ..... 7781 8.): 2,1554 ...... ...... ...... ...... .0... ...... ...... 2,11,135 ..ti ..... .... ..... 28 928 ..... 1,949 ...... ...... ..... ..... 870 ...... ...... 1.122 ...... 0... .... ... ..... ..... ...... ...... 876 000 1,476 997 2,054 33,8130 ...... ..... ...... ...... .... ... ..... ..... 20 20) POI... 1,31:) .. OPP .... ...... ...... 529 1,003 79,205 ..... ...... 904 ... .... 600) 1,339 ...... 1,504 ...... 4,916 2,95),200 .... 2,890 2,762 1,093 3,012 12,163 40 21,030 022 2,016 89,782 7,113 ...... 68,631 80,413 10,10,207 expenditure shown in columus 86 and 6c rospoctively of gcnerul Tablo IV.

·AIX 8'BAIDIARY TABLE I. Return of Schools aided from the Grant-in-aid Allot...ent, the Circle Grant, the Khas Mehal grant, District Funds, or Municipal Funds in the Lower Prorinces of Bengal during the year 1887-88. RECEITED PROY CLASS OF SCHOOLS. Number of schools. Vumber of schulars. Prosincial revenues. Municipal funds, Local funds. Fees. Subscriptions. Endowments and other sources. Total. REXARKS 1 2 3 5 6 S 9 10 11 A.-GBANT-IS-AID SCHOOLS DEPARTYBJTAL). Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. . 07 200 f . 896 ... Por Vasters GO 10,137 .. . ... .. .00 1+1 82 . 492 { 23,117 7.8.13 5.357 Su 3.930 2,11.5 2x. 1.02 44,136 1.993 1,905 75,031 24:17 15,11 Mil 19 TECHNICAL SCHOOLS TRAISING SCHOOLS Mistresses High English Middle Foв Borg Fernacular Upper Primary iluwer SPECIAL SCI0OLS (UCSICIPAL AND ISDESTBIAL) High English Middle FOR GIRLS Vernacular l'rper Primary Louer .I. 246 431 11,994 33,013 2,511) 1.239 1,532 07 13 23.299 7.3X 9.615 2.1 3,492 73 07 17 931 6.721 3,243 3,1) RK 205 27,21 211,39 3.51 4.76 421) 1.00 2,10 6711 34.*; 12,390 1. 440 123 2 1 4 16 199 1115 2, 466 15.442 19,936 4,11,355 23. Nig St.27 13.171 12.) 85! 3,797 5.2015 33.271 1.13.790 46.337 ..... ..... 500. 1,476 713 1,551 8,435 H5 199 421) 1,22 1,912 367 2,8 1.678 13,359 60.145 28,912 ... 3:29 12.570 210,570) 3,185 > ... Total 821 5%, 101 2,13,602 39.90 733 3,03.250 2,48,448 58,674 8.62,520 13,926 .... 183 115 17 B.-CIRCLE SCHOOLB (DBPARTYERTAI). Middle Vernacular FOB BOIS lppir Primary Lower Middle Vernacular POR GIRLS l'pper Primary 7,247 5,410 414 18,391 11,3801 1,387 703 437 110 179 212 .. CO 1,399 792 03 34.791 211,25 2,169 ... 579 ..... ... ..... ... . ... II... ...... ..... * Luner I. 2 00 813 GENERAL STATISTICS. .... Total 847 13.131 $1,634 60 1,253 22,949 2,310 391 57,897 ... • C.-KHAS MEHAL SCHOOLS. Mildle Tornacnlar FOR BOYS Impre l'rimary (Lower Mittle Permacuiar POB GIRLS ...! pm Primary Löfver 5 112 1,242 296 4,119 25, +48 50% 5,146 13,42 866 52 499 5.749 45.9 325 1,4119 3,251 210 237 1,328 12,413 62,156 15 ..... . ... O. 2 ing 67 29 108 192 27$ 16 ... 1.. 2+ 20 ... Total 1.1 1,370 39,010 18.994 89 432 51.834 5.032 507 76.858 106,543 .. D-SCHOOLS AIDED BY DISTRICT BOARDS UNDER THE GRANT-IN-AID ROLES. Muidle Eaglish Midale Vernacular FOR BOYS Upper Primary Lower Middle English FOR GIRLS Vernacular l'pper Primary Lower 428 486 3 8 29.5.98 25,595 161 267 4,079 2,37+ 00 20 4,028 1,21 1,99,332 59.869 191 1,15,228 62,134 326 89S 3,39,119 1,94,794 830 731 273 313 .. .. ...) ...PO ...I. ... ..... ..... ..... I... .... 18 ... .... ... 1. 100 ..... .. ... .... UI. .....! .... .. 0. ....! .... .... Total 927 65,621 6,533 1,76,425 1.69,092 1,77,986 5,149 5,35,485 ... .... 16 01. ..... .IN 18 11 23 192 ... 1.965 1,356 864 1,056 6,997 ... 2,910 3,968 1,883 1,514 4,847 2,557 2,345 751 342 19,472 4,701 2,597 1,667 9,921 26,925 11,615 6,536 3,553 15,643 2,936 601 299 36 60 . ...... 36 ... 18 65 19 . ... * E.-SC&OOLS AIDED BY MUSICIPALITSBS. (High English ... Middle FOB BOYS Fernacular i Upper Primary Lower High English Middle POB GIRLS Vernacular Upper Primary Lower Total ...... ..1..1 . ... ... det... .... DISP. ..... .... 100 ..11 .... ...... 1. 110 149 708 230 399 1,032 40 68 16 510 870 1,378 ...... 780 934 2,850 107 406 0 .00 29 ..... 277 13,175 107 16,358 86 37,422 8,947 4,465 67,835 Fractions of a rupee to be omitt 1. Only, those schools are to be shor. In under this heading which draw no grant whatever from any other public source. Where the same school is in receipt of both municipal and khas mehal grants, it is to be returned under the head which gives it the larger income, 3 ·SCRSIDIARY TABLE II. Return of Expenditure from the Primary Grant on Schools in the Lorcer Prorinces of Bengal during the year 1887-88. (a)-STIPENDIARY SCHOOLS. --- RBCBITING STIPESTS OSLY. RECEITISG OTAER PATYBITS, CLASS OF SCHOOLS. Total parments to stipendiary schools. Yumber of schools, Number of pupils on 31st March. Amount paid in stipends. Number of schools. Sumlier of pupils, on 31st March, Amount paid in stipends. Amount paid in rewards after examination to teachers. Other payments to teachers. Total paid. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. 8.51+ ... 1. 617 1,356 1,651 2.293 47,137 52,602 3 OS 1,076 For Boys 12 S6 193 64,44 17 5,283 14,177 22 48.270 35,771 109 57.519 71,927 3.169 1,979 3.623 1,21,825 1,27,315 65.338 ... Middle lipper primary Lower primary Middle .per primary llower primary Total ... .. ..... For Girls 2 39 433 252 efix 9,16 S6 .. 1? 1.7153 13:19 7 76 1S3 1,50 333 8,122 87 25$ 132 2,146 17,676 401 3,727 351 3,543 1,13,279 6.230 1.39,535 1.02.037 1,33.653 1.17.393 2.5 19,369 2,72,217 (1)-YON-STIPENDIARY SCHOOLS. SESDING PT PILS FOR FRAMINATION, NOT SENDING PTPILS FOR EXAMINATIOS. GENERAL CLASS OY SCHOOLS. Total payments to non-stipendiars schools. Yumber of schools. Sumber of rurils on 31st March, Arnunt peil in It wariis after examination to teachers. Other payments tu tachery. Number of schools. Sumher ef pupils on Sist March, TC+31 raid. Payments to teachers, Total paid. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. STATISTICS. n... II. 110. ... For Bugs 4 814 29,457 131 11.1123 6,48,810 ... 197 7.1198 1,07,03 137 7.016) 2.12.20) 204 14.00 5 2.30 146 49,439 19 2,707 197 7,999 2,15,33 18 2,967 ...! Middle l'nper primary lisser prw.ury Midille l'prer primary Lurer primary Total ...... .... For Girls fis --{ ... 09 9.913 31 5,6"? 92 10,131 4.13 6,235 3,964 99 14,055 fin 6,69,942 6.19 2,11,178 3,310 12.525 2,211.673 3.1 301 5-7,839 6,949 2,37,522 Viite" Private instialitions" of Grneral Tahle III are not to be included in the avore return, Fractions of a rupie iu ve ni piectel; the marcat rup-e to be taken. SUMMARY OF PAYMENTS FROM THE PRIMARY GRAYT. Rs. • DETAILS OR OTHER PATUENTS. ... . II .. ... I. .. ... Rs. 2,79,217 2.37,-22 .. ... ... .. BO . ... ... To stipendiary schools (.) nou-stipendid schools (1) indigenous (private) schools for registration cost of prizes other payments (including charges for abolished schouls)* 2,110 1 101 I. ... ... .. ..! ... ... 21,337 ... ... ... II. ... .. .. ..! ... ... ... I. 1.45,633 .. Chief gumns and inspecting pundits Charges for a holisted schools Contingencies and noisellanenos Grants for buildings and furniture Contributions to circle schools Scholarships Hrinunumtion to examiners Comision for onuey orders Rewaris Stinendury grant to kbar mehal schools Stipends to primary fundi middle vernacular schools Prize bruks Pupil-teachers under training in normal schools . ... . ... 16 ... 86,419 13,027 13,331 4,923 4.758 4,8118 7,237 2,033 250 3,223 2,354 313 355 .. ... II. .. . ... Total paymints 6,92,149 ... ... ... Total primary allotinent 7.71,642 Total 1,45,633 ху Reg. No. 73383_-545–17-12-88.

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·GENERAL DEPARTMENT. EDUCATION. CALCUTTA, TIE 11TH JANUARY 1889. . RESOLUTION. READ- The General Report on Public Instruction in Bengal for 1887-88. This report is exceptionally. complete and clear, but the Lieutenant- Governor regrets that it is necossary in reviewing Delay in snbmitting the report. it to notice in the first instanco tħo delay which has occurred in its preparation. The .date fixed by Government. as tho latest for the submission of the annual reports of the Director of Public Instruction was originally the 1st of August, and Sir Alfred Croft proposed during the year that it should be postponed to the 1st of October. The present report was not, however, received until the 17th December, and no explanation has been given of the great delay thys indicated. The Director's attention will be drawn again to this important subject, and he will be requested to make arrangements which will sccuro the submission of the next annual report before the 1st Oetober, 1889, or on that day at latest. 2. The most important event in the cducational history of the ycar under Controlling agencies. this head was the transfer of the control of primary education from District Magistrates, acting under the advice of Local Committees, tó District .Boards. On this subject the Director observes- .: As to the general charactor of the work done by the District and Local Boards; it is too early yet to form any decided opinion. It was natural to suppose that at the outset they would take no very strong or indopendent line, but simply conform to the traditions and practices of the Dopartment to whomo duties thoy succeoded. It appears, however, that the Boards have not followed a uniform policy in educational matters. The Assistant Inspector of the Bhagulpore Division writes of them :"During the short time thoy have been at work, there has boon not a single instance of any friction between them and the Departinont; the suggestions and recommendations of tho inspecting officers have been always duly considered and adopted, and the Inspector of Schools has been often consulted in important matters.” Still, some inconvenience has been felt from delay in tho despatch of business by the Boards. In the neighbouring division of latna a less confident note is heard: In the districts of. Patna and Sarun, there have been no particular changes, and tho working of the Board has been satisfactory. of Gya it is said that the Board has done nothing in connection with oducation that would look liko its own work.' But of Shahabad- it is a fact that the Shahabad District Board has not worked smoothly with the Department." In the few differences that I have had with District Boards, I have found that on candid representation of the facts the causes of difference have in every case disappeared. When more serious difficultios have arisen, and some form of arrangement or compromise wis desirable, it has been readily accepted.. When the Boards were, ono after anotlier,.coming into existence and assuming charge of their duties, I sometimes found it necessary at the outset to trench upon the province of the Boards, and to take action which I had ceased to have the right to take, in order to avoid obstructive delay and to hand over the business of 'administration as a going concern in working order. In no case has a Board finally rofused to confirm the action taken. On a general review of the causes of friotion that have arisen bere and there, I should be disposed to say that while Boards are grateful for advico and suggestions when asked for, and even when not asked for if givon with an abviously helpful purpose, they resent interference with the duties that have been ontrusted to them. In saying this, I do not wish to utter one word of complaint against any depårtmental officer. It is only natural that officers who have hitherto had the work of education in their own hands should 8 ·..(. 2.) . . Btill take a keen interest in its progress, and should seek to avert •any lapse from the standard to which they have been acoustomed, even though such lapses are inevitable incidents of a change of system. But it is no less necessary for departmoutal officers to remember that District Boards have rights secured to them under the Act, and that any attempt to limit those rights in the interests of education will certainly be resisted. It may be assumed that officers of the Department know for the present a good deal more about school management than a District Board knows. They can bost utilise their knowledge in the interests of education by adopting towards the Board such an attitude of friendly vigilance as will make it clear that, while always ready to render help, when help is desired or is necessary, it is equally their wish. that tho Board should learta how to do for itself,.and to do well, the work which has beer entrusted to its hands. I am glad to be able to state that this is the attitude whioh officers of the Department have almost uniformly taken up. The view taken by the Director appears very judicious, and its expressions calculated to conduce to the harmonious working of the department. It may be added that some of the officers whose views are quoted seem to have an erroncous conception of the system which has.bech superseded by the manage. ment of Boards Primary education since its introduction has never been placed under the control of departmental. Inspectors, but of Magistrates and local Committoes. In one of the districts referred to as administered by a Board in an independent spirit, it is within the Lioutenant-Governor's knowledge that this is nothing new, the former Education Cornnittee having shewn even more decided indications of a determination•to promote the cause of popular education in its own way: 3. Two vacancies which occurred during the year in the superior inspecting staff were not filled up, the retrenchment being made in accordance with a recommendation of the Finance Committer, provisionally adopted by this Goverrirent, thut the number of such officors should be reduced to nino, so as to correspond with that of Divisional Commissioners. The officers whose work has in this mayner been increased by enlarging their jurisdiction report unfavourably of the arrangement, as was porhaps to have been expected. But, apart from obvious considerations of economy, it scemş desirable to mako the jurisdiction of. Educational officers coincide with the administrative divisions of the country, and nothing has occurred during tho year to alter the. Lieutenant-Governor's, opinion as to the expediency of the retrenchment proposed. The Director has wory properly noticed the degree of activity shown by different inspecting officers, commending those who have done best, and doaling in different ways with those who havo failed. Such disciplinary action is particularly necessary, since the travelling allowance drawn for journoys of less than 20 miles has been curtailed on financial grounds, and the Director plainly indicates that tours have often been conducted in: officiently in order to secure the higher rate now given in the case of. long journeys, or, as it is otherwise put, to avoid loss, The amendment of the rule which has been the occasion of this difficulty is now under consideration, a referonce having been mado to the Government of India; but, pending the issue of orders on this subject, the defect noticed by the Director may be remedied by calling upon Sub-Inspectors to submit beforehand programmes of their tours, which will then be regulated by their immediato superiors in the best interests of the schools to be visited. The Director will be requested to report upon the above suggestion. 4. Tho history of higher instruction during the year is marked by three striking features the foundation of new. colleges, University Education, the increased attendance of pupils, and the development of private enterprise, which at first 'supplemented, and now rivals the efforts of the State in promoting this form of education. The new colleges are four in number--the Bungabasi, founded by Mr. G. C. Bose, M.A., F.C.s., a returned. Agricultural Scholar, which had 53 students at the close of the yoar;. the Roberts' Memorial College, with 3 students only; the Tej Narain Jubileo College at Bþagulpore, with 17 students; and the sollegiate claesos added by the late Baboo Joy Kissen Mookerjea to the Utterpara School, with 29. students. All these are private institutions, founded and kept up without direct aid from the State, and their establishment raises the number of ·( 3 ). colleges in Bengal to 33, of which only one-third are maintained by Government. The increase in the attendance. is shown in the following statement: NUMBER ON THE ROLLS AT TIR END OF THE YUAB. COLLEGES - GENERAL. 1884. 1886, 1880. 1887. 1888, 1 ... .. ... 342 130 246 53 178 ... .. GOVERNMENT- First-grade Colleges. Proxidency College ... Hooghly Dacca Krishnagar Patna Ravenshaw Cuttack Rajshabyo · Bothane şchoul (Collego classes) Second-grado Colleges. Sanskrit College Calcutta Madrassa) Chittagong Collego Total 204 141 149 43 774 29 57 6 180 143 131 55 204 38 258 104 193 51 189 52 78 4 333 166 250 70 270 60 110 6 ... 32 . A1 ... ... ... ... ... 5 .. ... 66 20 52 16 22 48 20 .. 60 23 45 54 15 39 .. 22 26. 1,165 .892 894 1,037 1,383 MUNICIPAL Midnapore Collego 19 23 21 24 1 AIDED General Assembly's College, Calcutta Free Churoh St. Xavier's London Mission Bhowanipore ... Doveton Calcutta St. Paul's School, Darjeeling (Collego classos). Narail Victoria College Uttarpara Collogo 165: 272 170) 59 47 274 289 198 10 16 304 273 206 64 25 342 202 160 61 10 416 203 189 83 16 6 ... F. .. . .. ..... ..... 22 29 ...... ...... Total ... 713 877 875 795 962 .. 506 185 4 34 556 174 500 175 26 35 65 101 ... O. 62 5.90 232 6 55 188 136 129 24 837 209 6 lll 274 223 245 .. UNALDED- Metropolitan Institution City College Ja Martiviéro Calcutta Albert Ripon Maharajah's Burdwan Jagannath Dacca Berhampore Bishop's Calcutta Tej Narayan Jubilee Bhagulpore Bangabasi Roberts' Memorial Calcutta Dovoton Institution for Young Ladies (Col. logo classes). .. 9 .37 149 142 112 34 97 48 31 27 ... I..... ..... 33 ... 10) 11 $3 ..... .. ..... ...... ... ...... • Total 929 987 1,208 1,359 2,107 GRAND TOTAL 2,826 2,779 2,998 3,216 4,494 Some annual addition to the number of students is to be expected as the natural result of the gradual. progress of tho educated classes in Bengal. The fact that the increase".was unusually large this year is, as the Director remarks, explained by the results of the Entrance examination of 1887, at which 2,409 competitors were successful, or 69 per cent: of tho candidatos, against 913, or 29 per cent. in the previous year; and it is understood that this success was itself due to an alteration in the system of examination designed to facilitate admission to the University, thie number of marks required for success being reduced from 33 to 30 per cent. in English, and from 33 to 25 per cent. in the second language and mathematics, while the aggregate minimum of 33 per cont. was not insisted on. The development of private enterprise, referrod to above, as the third feature of college administration during the year, is illustrated by the fact that the increuso has boan greatest in the unaided colleges, both ·( 4 ) absolutely and also in proportion to their previous attendance. With the figures showing the numerical strength of tho several classes of institutions, tho following statement should be considered, as it indicates their efficiency, ascertained by the only test readily applicable; that of success at public examinatious NUMBER OF STUDENTS PASSED AT RXAMINATIONS IN 1887-88. Number CLASS OP COLLEGB. of students. F. A. F.A. Scholarship. B. A. B. A. Honours. M. A. State Private .. 49 • 1,383 3,111 183 287 28 23 6X 152 27 13 0 It will be seen that the Government colleges, with reference to the number of their pupils, obtained more than their share of degrees of all kinds, and that the •proportion in their favour was larger as the examinations progressed in difficulty. This is most marked in the M. A. 'course, and is there entirely due to the superior instruction given in the Presidency College, a most useful and necessary institution, which maintains by its examplo, as well as by direct support, the standard of education in thę province. The Director's observations on this. subject .. åro in entire accordance with the views entertained by Government. He writes : “The Presidency College, with its high fee of Rs. 12 a month, has nearly doubled its numbers of two years back; and indeed in July, 1888, four months after the close of the year, the number on its rolls exceeded 500, a greater strength than it has ever before known. Tho demands made by the various courses of the University upon a limited educational staff have much increased of late years ; and if, in accordance with the present policy, the strength of the Presidency College professoriate be maintained at such a level as to meet all requirements, the foregoing figures show that students will flock to its classrooms in such numbors as to moro than repay the additional cost involved. The Presidency College must maintain its position among the colleges of Bengal as that in which the best and most varied education is given, realising as far as possible the idea of a' teaching University. That end must be secured even though, in order to attain it, we have to weaken the staff of some of tho. less intportant Government colleges in the province. Moreover, the rapid up-springing of private collegos throughout Bengal affords a clear proof triat collegiato education to a moderate standard no longer demands the sustaining arm of Government as the necessary condition of its existence; and the policy to whtch I havo adverted will render the gradual transition from Government control to privato management a natural and easy procons of development.".. The Presidency College is also the principal institution in which scien. tific knowledgo is fostered, a very important considoration, as it appears thạt the science courso is losing its popularity, and that bighor education. in Bengal is taking a character too exclusively literary. It has long been the policy of Government to give a practical bent to instruction, and yet, whether from the offect of the system on which Univorsity .examinations are conducted, or owing to the predilections of tho students thetaselves, the actual tendency is in the contrary direction. It is stated that of 51 'senior scholars, elected in 1880, only. 21 choso the science course, which in former years was adopted by the great majority, and only 78 candidates passed by that standard, against 245 by the literary courso. Even in the minor Government.Colleges, where until lutely the science course only. was taught, it is now to a great extent supersoded by the more popular form of instruction. The Krishnager Municipality was asked during the year to take over the Government College at that station, with a grant-in-aid, and the offer was declined, The Lieutenant-Governor can hardly view with regret the delay which has occurred in giving full effeot to the policy recommended by the Education Commission, that of the gradual and cautious withdrawal of the State from the direct management of the minor colleges, as private institutions become year by year more equal to tho task of conducting collegiate instruction. It is, however, well that those interested in higher education should understand that the policy in question has been accepted, and that the work of carrying it out, of which a beginning has been made in the case of the Berhampore and Midnapore Colleges, will eventually be completed. - ·( 5 ) 5. The progress of secondary education during the year, as indicated .by the multiplication of schools and the increased Secondary Education. attendance of pupils, has been substantial and satisfactory, though it has not been as great as that made in collegiate instructions, The following statement defines its extent:- 1886-87. 1887-88. Olass of Schools. Sohools. Schoola. High English Middle Vornacular 272 718 1,157 Pupils. 61,237 51,134 64.478 292 745 1,189 Pupilo. 67,430 54,651 67,022 ... ... Total 2.147 176,899 2,226 ... 189,103 Grants will be Banctioned ordiany grant. bo reduced on when this can be done without Borious lons of from time to time, be set frec, and the Notice bave to the reduction. The expenditure. of Government under this head was Rs 5,17,235 in 1886.87, and increased in 1887-88 by tho sum of Rs. 16,057.. The Director notices that applications for new grants have been accumulating for the last two or three years, and observes that it is much to be wished that Government were in a position to afford more liberal aid. This is.doubtless desirable, but the fulfilment of tho wish is very improbable, considering not only existing financial conditions, but also the more urgent claims narily for a term of three years; but of of primary and technical education. Under the the Inspector may at any time during circumstances, it is necessary to draw attention to its currency recommend the revision of A grant shoulde ordinarily the rulo on the subject of grants-in-aid, quoted. renewal, in the margin, which was framed to prevent efficioncy. In this way money will, existing grants from becoming permanent, and so Department will be able to aid new preventing the concossion of new grants in rising schoolx even thongh the grant-in-uid Iocalities. It is not to be supposed that Govern. allotment remains stationary. ment will be able to maintain all old grants-in-aid of any proposed reduction shall in all cases be given to the managers, who indefinitely, and at the same time to make new shall be allowed an opportunity of stating any objection that they may allowances from year to year. 6: It is.chiefly in connection with schools of the secondary class that the question of moral training and the maintenauce of due discipline.occurs. Under this head the Director observes “The question of school discipline continues to ocoupy the attention of the higher officors of the Departmont, and tho subject has boon discussed at length in a report recently submitted to Government. . A school mainly dopondent for support on the fees paid by its pupils is at times compelled to tolerate breaches of discipline which a well-endowed institution can punish without fear. In Bengal the number of educational institutions of really independent position is by no means largo. The admittedly superior discipline of a Goveroment or of a missionary school is justly attributed to its solvency. By way of diminishing the evil noticed, he suggests that the Calcutta University should refuse to recognise 'any school until it has been two years in existence, and until the managers have supplied full particulars of the establishduent and accommodation to be provided. Such a moasure might .do some small good; but as the only effect of the non-recognition of a school by the Uni. vorsity is that its candidates at the Entrance Examination are entered as private students, no great result can be expected The Lieutenant-Governor will be glad to receive in future reports a fuller account of the discipline and moral training enforced in public schools. The importance of the subject is undeniable, but, in the absence of provision for periodical notico, it may frequently be overlooked 7. There has also been some slight progress in the the department of primary education, the number of schools having Primary educrtion. increased from 48,483 in 1886-87 to 48,621 in 1887-88, the number of pupils from 1,080,085 to 1,103,422; but here the gain in numbers is comparatively small, and does not compensate for a loss which occur. red in 1885-86. Practically, primary education in Bengal bas reached a stationary estate, and such variations as occur from year to year in the numbers are due rather to alterations in the •system of registration than to any real advance or . retrogression. The Provincial Government has.not in recent years been able to make any increase in the assignment under this,'head, and there is not, as in the case of English education, a spontaneous tendency to the spread of clomentary instruction, irrespective of Government assistance, beyond the classes wbich it at prosent reaches. With regard to the point which bas hitherto been attained ·( 6 ) in the education of the people generally, the Director of Public Instruction writes “The population of Bengal, exoluding Cooch Behar, Hill Tipperah, and the Tributary States of Chota Nagpore, of which the Bohools are not iuoluded in our returns, amounted by the last census to 68,160,598, of whom 53,917,217 were males, and 84,243,381 were females. Reckoned at the usual proportion of 15 per cent., the numbór of tale obiidron of school.going age would be 5,087,582, and the number of female children 5,136,507. Of the sobolars in our returns, 1,362,119 are boys and 90,826 are.girls. Hence, of all boys of a school-going age over one in four is at sobool ; of girls, 1 in 56. It has recently, however, been argued that 20 per cent. more nearly represents the proportion of children of schoolgoing age. As the number of towns and villages in Bengal is close upon 260,000, it appears that there is one school to every four villages.' The estimate that one boy in every four' is at school indicates how much remains to be done, as it implies that threo fourths of the male population have not as yet been touched by our educational system: and there.is reason to believe that the estimate itself is sanguine. If the school-going age be taken as from · five to fifteen the proportion of children which it includes is not 15 or even 20, but 26.93 per cent. The population must have increasod since the census of 1881, and there is reason to beliove that the figures given, which are taken from the return of those on the rolls at the close of the year, includę many children who never attend or never learn. Out of more than 1,100,000 pupils registered, only 330,921 wero examined under the system of payment by results, of whom 199,880 were passed. The census report showed only one wale in . ten as able to read and write. The Lieutenant-Governor regrets the depletion of Provincial finances on no account more strongly than because it.prevents him, at least for the present, from carrying out the recommendations of the Education Commission in regard to primary education, which included a considerable increase in the annual expenditure. 8. The total expenditure from Provincial and District Funds on primary education during the year was Rs. 6,82,089, against Rs. 7,36,243 in 1886-87, the decrease of Rs. 54,164 being apparently due to delay in payments,' which caused large sums due in 1857-88 to fall over into the following year. There was certainly no desire on the part of Government to make the transfer of these schools to District Boards an opportunity for diminishing the grant, wbich was founded on the actual expendituro of 1885-86. The Director observes that "the total amount contributod by municipalities to the support of primary schools was Rs. 16,355, varying from Rs. 7,805 in the Presidency Division, Rs. 2,815 in Patna, and Rs. 1,968 in Burdwan, to smaller sums in other divisions. In the 24-Pergunnahs the municipal' .contributions fell off by Rs. 1,182. The new Municipal Act for Calcutta , contains a section empuwering the Commissioners to spend money on primary and technical schools." The Lieutenant-Governor notices with approval. these contributions from municipal resources, con idering the importance of popular. Oducation to be such that it has a fair claim to aid, even from an income on which there are numerous and urgent demands. "The mofussil municipalities benefited at the expense of provincial funds to the extent of over three lakhs of rupees a year, when the police charges in urban areas were assunied by Government from the beginning of tho year 1882, and it was then assumed that a part of the surplus . thus created would be devoted to education. 9. The following statement shows the manner in which the available funds were utilised in the different divisions : . DIVISIONE. Bchoolo. Papils. Expenditure. Cost por school in rupees. Coat per pupit in Annas. Bs. . . .. ... .. Presidency Caloutta Burdwan Rajshahyo Dacca Chittagong Pata Bhagulpore Chow Nagporo Orissa Orissa Tributary Mehals 4,284 166 8,338 2,501 4,731 4,469 5,546 3,211 1,423 4,002 89 126,460 7,060 210,849 60,544 119,636 103,662 116,103 -68,819 42,777 89,312 1,27 82,268 7.700 1,01 A86 74,034 86,164. 63,481 84,711 66,073 52,425 67,908 1,850 19.2 46.6 12:1 29.6 18.2 14-2 16'3 20.5 36.8 1504 2007 1004 17.4 7.7 1906 11.8 9.7 11.7 164 19.8 11.0 29.2 .. 20. II. ... II.

·( 7:) . The amount for expenditure being so limited in comparison with the population to be educated, it is of the utmost importance that the method should be adopted which produces the greatest effect at the smallest cost. Experience has shown that this system is for Bengal what is known as 'that of payment by results, as distinguished from the grant of fised stipends to teachers, and the rules made for the guidance of District Boards recognise no other as permissible. These instructions appear to have been generally observed, except in the district of Rajshahye, as to which the Director states that tho Board have during the past twelve months raised the cost of each school from Rs. 16.5 to Rs. 56.3 a year by the adoption of a system of stipends all round, in substitution of a mixed system of stipends and rewards. The number of schools in Rajshahye has at the same time been reduced from 578 to 291, that of pupils from 11,901 to 7,490. The Director was informed in Decembor last that the change thus made was inconsistent with the rules, and he will now. be asked to report what action has since been taken to place the administration of the grant in Rajshahye on a proper footing. A stipendiary school costs five or six times as much as one conducted on the principle of payment by results, and a general teversion to the former principle could only be interpreted, under present financial circuinstancos, as the abandonment of the attempt to give an elementary education to any considerable proportion of the population. In tho 24-Pergunnahs, Moorshedabad, Midnapore, Hooghly, Howrab, the regulation districts of Chittagong, Shahabad, Sarun, Purneal, and Cuttack, the average cost of schools to Goverument has been kept below ten rupees a year. This economy can only have been obtained by a careful and intelligent adoption of small means to a great end, in particular by utilising to the utmost all indigenous methods and institutions. It is believed that results not dissimilar might be produced in some other districts, and the subject needs the most careful consideration on the part of the Educational authorities. 10. There are in Bengal 37 institutions for imparting special instructions in some profession, art, or industry, as distinguished from the general education more commonly sought. Some details as to their strength are given below: Special instruction. ---- BxrxxDITORR- AVERAGE ANNUAL Car ON EDICATING EACU PIPIL. From public fund, Number of institutons. Number of pupils on the rolls on the sist Murch 1888. Averago monthly roll bumber. From private fuuds. Total. Fron From Munici Provincial pal revoduch. funds, Cunt to public fund, Total Coni. R. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. A. P. Ry. A. I. 125 140 9,817 ...... 9,517 67 15 7 1,047 959 19,10$ JR, 104 IN 1 1.--LAW. • Government Law Schools Unaided Law Schoolu TOTAL LAW SCHOOLS II.-MEDICINE. Modical Collnge, Calcutta ... Governmeut Medical Schoulo 10 1,179 1,099 27,621 27,621 { 180 194 1,61,503 .... 8,736 1.70,287 892 7 9 177 1 689 870 63,802 16,808 ...... 79,605 111 1+1 138 10 2 138 116 355 Unaidad Medical Schools. Dacca Homeopathic Schools TOTAL MEDICAL SCIDOLI... 55 8 4 . 7 887 879 2,25,304 34,843 2,50), 197 280 5 28. 10 2 1 184 166 70,776 ...... 6,646 77,421 453 10 45X 4 7 ... III.EXGINBRING. Civil Engineering Collego, Soobporu Government Surpmying Bohoola TOTAL ERGIXIRRING SC100 LA $ 250 254 7,348 2,839 10,187 28 i 10 40 1 8 0 410 78,123 9.486 $7,7108 190 8 213 10 ... IV.- ART AND INDUSTRY. Government School of Art 1 158 148 24,978 3,168 28,148 189 12 3 190 ... 250 . 41 1,200 600 1.8.10 01 . 10 Glorwmont Industrial dohools. Ranchi Industrial School Aidod Industrial Schools Lonidod Industrial schools TOTAL ART SCHOOL 907 3,198 811 4,407 0,178 3 12 10 21 al 171 182 70 761 6 1) 7 19 077 8PC 27,373 511 8,900 96,880 58 10 1 ...

·. ( 8 ) It will be observed that the law students are far the most numerons, that, excepting a small and decreasing minority, not constituting a ninth of the whole, they read in unaided sohools, and that they cost the public nothing even when they attend Government schools. These facts and the increase in the number of law students illustrate the popnlarity of the profession, and its profitable nature. . T'he study of medicine on the other hand, at least on the ordinary lines, is confined to Government institutions, and in its higher department is proportionately very expensive to the State; each student .costing Government Rs. 877-8-) a year, a sum far in excess of that reported in regard to any other form of instruction. The number of pupils in the Medical College has diminished from 172 last year to 180, though there has been an increase of ten in the free female class. On the other hand, the schools where instruction is given in the vernacular are advancing in number and reputation. • There has been an increased attendance in the Engineering College, Seebpore, but it is marked as an unfavourable sign that only one student from that institution passed for the B. E degree. The oondition of this most important school has formed the subject of enquiry during the year, with special reference to the small success which has attended it at the University examinations, and the report of the Committee appointed to investigate the subject has been very recently received by the Director of Public Instruction. The survey schools have done well during the yoar, and their pupils readily find employment. The number of pupils in the Government School of Art increased from 152 to 158. As to this aluable institution, which is somewhat of the nature of a technical college, the Director writes- " In July, 1887, a revised course of instruotion was framed for each class. Arrangements have also been made to hold annual examinations in free-hand drawing, model-drawing geometry, and perspective. Art oertificates of the third or higher grado will be awarded to those students who execute the prescribed works in each class and pass the required examina. tions in each group These groups comprise advanced free-hand and light-and-shado drawing, elementary painting and design, advanood painting and drawing, architectural and mechanical drawing, and modelling Certifiontes of proficiency will also be granted to oompetent students in the lithographic, wood-engraving, motal-obasing, and wood-carving classes. Four annual scholarships have boon established by tho Publio Works Department for competition by students in the architectural and mechanical drawing classes. The successful students, after completing the preliminary course in the school prescribed by the Public Works Departmont, will have the advantage of one year's practical work in the drawing branch of the Chief Engineer's office, with an allowance of Rs. 15 a month each for the first six months, and an increase of Rs. 5 a month if satisfactory progress is made. There were seven competitors for the studentships, whose works were submitted for examination to Mr. W. Banks Gwyther, A.R.I.B.A. , who expressed his satisfaction with the quality of the work done by this newly-inaugurated class. “Their Excellencies the Viceroy and the Countess of Dufferin visited the school on the 27th March, 1888. His Excellenoy was pleased to award a-silver and a bronze medal for oompetition: the silver medal to be awarded to the student who, at the end of the year, . has executed the best series of works in any of the classes.' “Mr. Jobbins reports that, as a result of the praotical character, of the instruotion Dow imparted, the students are finding remunerative employment. One has lately been appointed head-draftsman in the office of the Engineer-iu-Chief, Sind-Pishin State Railway The industrial schools are conducted' on a' small scale, aiming at little more than the teaching of ordinary mechanical arts to a limited number of pupils of the artisan class; but on the whole they did well during the year. it may be said generally that the few technical institutions which exist in Bengal hold their own, without any marked advance or retrogression, being in this respect less successful than the colleges the colleges and schools for English education, which progress rapidly, though receiving much less assistapce - from Government. This remark does not apply to the law classes, which flourist of their own vitality, without assistance from the State. The question of promoting technical education in new directions has been examined during the year by the Soebpore College Committee, and will come before Government again when the report of that body is received with the remarks of the Director of Public Instruction. All schemes for instruction of tois class involve considerable expense, and it has dot been tbought necessary to expodite their examination during a season of financial pressure. 11. The Lieutenant-Goternor notices with satisfaction the statement of the Director of Public Instruction that the medical education of wonen made a decided advance Famula adaoation.

·( 9 ) during the year. In the Medical College five young ladies were reading as regular students for the L.M.S. or M.B. degrec, and one of them (Miss Virginia Mitter) headed the list of successful candidates at the first M.B. examination. Besides the regular students, 21 young ladies attend lectures in the Medical College for a special certificate under tho new regulations. A class for instructing females through the medium of the vernacular was opened in June, 1886, in the Campbell Medical School, and is attended by 15 students. The progress of female oducation generally is indicated by the figures given below: 1886-87. 1887-89. Girls' schools Girls in boys' schools Schools. 2,198 Pupils. 43,290 37,764 Behools. 2,247 Pupils. 46,38 37,785 ...... GRAND TOTAL 2,198 81,054 2,247 83,823 The Director draws attention to the fact that the greatest numerical results are produced in this department by rewarding the teachers of primary schools for the attendance of girls. He observes that “a grant-in-aid girls' school costs Rs. 178 a year, while a primary grant school costs only Rs. 20. There is no limit to the number of girls that can be educated in boys' schools, if tho District and Local Boards, in whose bands the administration of the primary grant now rests, find it possible to maintain and increase the existing rates of aid." There has been a most satisfactory adrance in the number of girls under instruction in the Dacca and Patna Divisions, counterbalanced, to some extent, by a falling off in somo other divisions. In the higher walks of female education it is noticed that the Bethune College, the Free Church Normal School, and the Doveton Institution for Young Ladies, sent up successful candidates for tho Entrance Examination of the Calcutta University, whilo the Bethune Collego also passed two candidates at the B.A. Examination. 12. The number of European schools remained the same as in the previous year, being 72 in all; there was an increaso Education of Europeans. in the attendance from 6,391 to 6,541. The Gov. ernment expenditure under this head was Rs. 1,73,018 against Rs. 2,5(1,367 last year, the decrease being in the grants for buildings. The effort which has been mado for .sonie years to give to the education of Europeans a moro practical turn, by substituting a special examination for that uf the Entrance to the Calcutta University, las entirely failed, not a singlo boy having appeared as a candidate. It is evident that the authority of a University having a monopoly of the power to grant 'degrees is sufficient to regulate the course of study in all Bengal schools, of whatever class, and this is an additional argument in favour of introducing an alternative standard, adapted to the requirements of those who need a practical rather than a literary education. system of payment by results, involving the examination by a Government Inspector of every boy in every subject. The success of the schools may be roughly gauged by the percentago earned of the total possible grant, which was 73 per cent., a great improvement on the results of the previous year. This progress is, however, attributed in part to a change in the system of marking. 13. The Director notices that there bas been a satisfactory increaso in the attendance of Muhammadans at the higher institutions of instruction. In Arts colleges such pupils have increased from 138 to 217; in English schools, from 13,218 to 14,864; in middle vernacular schools, from 9,053 to 9,860; and besides this absoluto increase, the percentage is in cach caso higher than last year. The total number of Muhammadan students also rose from 366,886 to 401,671, and the percentage from 26-9 to 27.6, figures to bo con pared with the percentage of 31.5 borne by Muhammadads to the wholo population of Bengal; the apparent improvement is not, however, due to any real development, but to the correction of an error mado during tho last two years in the method of registering certain Koran schools, which were removed from the aided list, without being placed on that of private institutions. There is still sowe doubt as to the expediency of the courso adopted in withdrawivg Education f Muhammadans.

·( 10 ) aid from these schools, and the matter is under consideration. The appointment of two Muhammadan Assistant Inspectors, which has been sanctioned for some time, and is now to be immediately carried into effect, will afford facilities for considering such questions from the Muhammadan point of view. Three scholarships were founded in July, 1886, of Rs. 20 a month each, tevable for a year-and-a-half, by any student of the Calcutta Madrassa who has obtained the B.A. degree with honours. This raises the total number of special Muhammadan scholarships to 134. The attendance at Madrassas generally increased from 1,120 to 1,229, in the Calcutta Madrassa (Oriental Department) from 339 to 362. The total number of students in the Calcutta Madrassa was 1,183 against 1,119 in the previous year. A change has recently been effected in the constitution of the College Department of the Madrassa, which, it is hoped, will give the students the advantage of the superior tuition of the Presidency College, without depriving them of the special attraction of a denominational institution. 14. The progress made in the extension of education of all kinds during the year may be gathered from the following statement of the number of enrolled pupils : Goneral sommary: 1887. 1888, lacron sa por ount. Decrease per cont. . In public institution Colleges Secondary schools Primary schools Special schools 4,611 184,319 1,122,286 5,378 ...... 5,990 196,694 1,148,410 5,195 29.9 6.7 2.3 3.5 ... .... Total 1,316,59% 1,366,289 301 30,122 ... ...... ln private institution- Advanced ... Elementary Teaching the Koran only Other schools 3.3 451.8 5,492 31 ] 40 30,309 32,7733 2,434 ...... .. 9,894 76 Total 45,508 96,636 12.3 . GRAND TOTAL 1,362,102 1,462,9 15 6.6 It is observed with satisfaction that there has been an improvement in the general result, and also in all the more important departments. 15. The thanks of the Lieutenant-Governor are given to Sir Alfred Croft for his able management of the Education Department during the year. By order of the Lieutenant-Goyernor of Bengal, P. NOLAN, Secrelary to the Govt. of Bengal. No. 49. COPY forwarded to the Director of Public Instruction for information and guidance. His special attention is calleil to paragraphs 1, 3, 6 and 9. Oircular No. 2. COPY forwarded to all Commissioners of Divisions for information and for communication to Magistrates and District Boards. No. 50. COPY forwarded to the Municipal Department of this office for information. By order of the Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal, H. W. O. CARNDUFF, Under-Secy. to the Goot. of Bengal. CALCUTTA, The 17th January 1889. C. E. G.Reg. No. 1939C_910 19.1-89.

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