·INTRODUCTION (Modified from the First Edition ) The Pālı language pas derived from ancient Sanskrit, its former name was Atafi, the dialect of the Magadha country, now called Bihar Magadhı received its new name Palı from the Sanskrit word or (a fine), which has the secondary meaning, the text as distinguished from the commentary The commentaries refer to the original Māgadhı Tripitaka as Pire, gradually the connotation of the word was enlarged and it came to be applied to every composition in Māgadht and consequently to the language itself 2 The language was the Vernacular of ancient Magadha, in which the great Buddha preached his Doctrine to the people, and Asoka inscribed his immortal messages to generations A study of Pāli is of great use to the student of philosophy and ancient history, yet the want of a text-book on Pálı grammar presents a great difficulty to the beginner, because all the books on this subject are in foreign characters The aim of the present little volume is to help the young leamer who has acquired an elementary knowledge of Sanskrit 3 In the treatment of the verbs, I am following the Sanskrit system with its ten conjugations, and not the Patı one with seven The latter system which puts the roots of the Sanskrit, 2nd, 3rd and 6th conjugations under 1st, cannot account for the irregularities in the conjugation of the verbs of the suppressed classes I have not treated the attanopada, which is rarely represented in literature except in Poetry and in the passive voice, where too its presence is an exception rather than a rule Similarly ·Inm dispensing with the three Presente ioncs, ahore 119€ 1 scidom found to be made by Pili Tuthors declcnuon ako, I am trying to avoid that muliplicity of forms in which the Palt grinttrine indulgc ceccsncls The aim of the Poligrimmanins to ctpluın irregulirtice without reference to the Sanskrit rules is quite futile and descrics to be discouraged After all one has to rcmnem. ber that Pilt 174 bocna Iemacular and hat neier heen rigorous in the application of grammatical rules to rcetrin its natural flor Studente wishing to appear for the Matriculation or Intrance Examination are recommended to study the clements of Sanskrit grammar before going in for til Those who are advanced will find a study of Pati very delightful 29 at mtv nrm the Joining link between Sanskrit and their mother tongue 500 Sida hus, l'oona, 30-12-15 } ERRATA Fase 8 8 Line 13 18 lanz Onit should be Reid changes Read 7 All rights resided by the polisher Anweds. B. Srdeui, 3L8, at the Carib Vidylası merth Mint Prert, it tudha Feth, foota? redundby-De Geren, super, Oristal Boos Agency, 15 sunr , Pooct :

·Vi CONTENTS Lesson Sections Subject Page I 11 III IV V VI VII 1-5 6-9 10-11 12 13 14 15 16 17-18 19 20-21 22 23 24 25 26 27-28 29 30 31 32-33 34 35 36 37-38 39 40 41 42-45 46 47-48 49 50 51-52 53 The Alphabets Rules of change Declension of substantives Masculine nouns ending in 3 9 The Padas 10 The Present Tense The 1st conjugation 10 Neut nouns ending in 37 12 The 2nd and 4th conjugations 13 Fem nouns ending in T 16 The 6th and 7th conjugations 17 The use of Adjectives Masc nouns ending in and 320 The 10th conjugation 21 The numeral fra 21 Neut nouns ending in and 3 23 Prepositions and Indeclinables 24 The 1st per pronoun 78 25 The numeral ति 25 F nouns ending in and 3 27 Prefires (उपसग्गों) 28 The 2nd per pron The 29 The numeral चतु 29 F nouns ending in and 3 32 The Imperative Mood 33 The Attanopada 34 The 3rd per pron (masc) 3+ The numeral 43 35 Nouns ending in 7 in Sanskrit 37 उपपदनप्पुरिस compounds 39 The Future Tense 39 The 3rd 10 Numerals from to per pron (fem) 40 Masc and n nouns ending in 342 Nouns ending in VIII IA XI ·vii Page Subject Lesson Sections XII XIII 44 44 45 47 53 53 57 58 62 64 67 69 72 XIV ху XVI XVII XVIII 54 The Passive Voice 55 The 3rd per. pron. (neut.) 56 The numerals (11 to 18) 57-61 The Pronouns 62 Masc. noun TT 63-64 The Past Tense (Continued) 65 Nouns राज, ब्रह्म and अद्ध 66-68 The Past Tense (completed) 69 Nouns अत्त, युव, पुम and मा 70-71 The Potential Mood 72-74 Nouns ending in in Sanskrit 75-76 The Conditional Mood 77-79 Nouns ending in gra and a 80 Irregularities in the 1st conju- _gation 81-83 Present Participles 84 Absolute Construction 85 The 3rd conjugation 86-88 The Causal 89 Denominative Verbs 90 The 5th conjugation 91 Neut. nouns ending in (SK) 92-93 The 8th and 9th conjugations 94-99 The Numerals *100-105 The Participles 106 Irregularities in Declension 107 Some obsolete verbal forms 108-111 | The Sandhi 112 Suffixes 112-122 Compounds Pāli-English Glossary English-Pālı Glossary Pali Alphabet in different characters XIX 73 77 79 79 82 83 84 84 87 88 94 99 100 101 102 105 113 139 XX XXI XXII XXIII ... 152 ·Preface to the Fourth Edition The special feature of the Fourth Edition is the addition of charts of the Roman, Burmese, Sinhalese, Siamese and Brahmi characters for the use of those scholars who want to read Pali books printed outside India. Thanks to the University of Bombay and Mahābodhi Society who are printing Devnāgarı editions of the Pālı texts under the editorship of Prof N K Bhagavat, MA, and Rev Rahula Sankrityāyana, it will not be long before the whole of the Tripitaka will be as ailable in Devānagarı Still the knowledge of the vast commentarial literature and the deciphering of inscriptions will continue to require an acquaintance with these different characters Thanks are due to Mr BV Amrute B A of Bombay for making elaborate lists of misprints, omissions and repetitions occurring in the Third Edition tions have proved highly useful in preparing the copy of the Fourth Edition Mly thanks are also due to Mr N V Tungar, fregat, gretas, Pāli and Sanskrit Teacher, New English School, Poona, who made useful suggestions and also corrected proofs Suggestions and corrections from Teachers and Students will be welcome His sugges- Dandia Bazar, Baroda 1-9-40 CVJ ·4 Ending Top cls are represented by the same symbols which are used in Sanskrit, es ka, at hu, fki, ki LESSON I (GHT MITT) The Alphabet As an elementary knowledge of Sanskrit grammar is essential for the proper study of Pali, it is assumed that the student of this book has gone through the declension of Sinshrit substantiscs, and conjugation of Sunshrit roots in the ordinary tenses and moods $ 2 The Pali alphabet is the same as the Sanskrit, with slight modifications, as will be seen from the following table Vowels (a) ofa, 97, 1, $i, Ju, Jū, pe, sito Consonants (व्यजना) कka ख kha, गga, घgha, na ( कयग्गो) cha, 37 ja, # Jha, s fia (art) 7tha, da, * dha, of na (TTTTT) u tha, da, dha, #na (271) apa, 4 pha, ba, *bha, Ama (ent) ra, sa, 7 la Niggahita (Anuswāra) - (a dot on the top of the headline) $3 Mark the absence of F, F., 3, 4, aft, Et and , whuch are used in Sanskrit but not in Pali The Visarga () is also wanting On the other hand is an addition to the Pal alphabet over the San-krit susten is present in all the consonants deleted a nether stroke 5 is put at the foot, thus pk, C, n etc $lu, ku, he, i ko, Lam, ru, ru, ca, a ta, यya la Tia, 6 ha, An inherent If it 15 to be ·2 MANUAL OF PALI $ प Ppa 19 ppha क्य kya nna Enta व्य bya रय khya 7 mpa M 652 # gta $ 4 Out of the vowels, y cand J are short (TF). 371, and F are long (12), while 5 and 8t are diphthongs (a) The consonants , 1, 5, Tand are the nasals $5 Conjunct (YT) consonants in Pali, generally consist of two members and very seldom of three The following is a general list , $ika Ztta क्सinha & ttha इ dda 2 bb1 ff hri ddha 237 bbha F, kia bra स्व khva 0% ntha ण्ड nda + mpha ग्घggha पढ ndha Tymba t2 #mbha माइक nka TYT ttha Y mma शाइख nkha hmha मगnga = c ngha dda यह jha E, cca ddha स्ल, लlla 233 ccha द्र dra 77, ja a dva Tlha * jjha a dhya sha 57 iña 777 nta iha 72% ntha * sma Fe, nel * nda ncha ndha A hma FX 11/3 ะ njha nh The student should knos the Roman characters given abosc as modified for Palt texts In Turope and at the utta University, Roman characters are used for le rinting of Pell, whilc Sinhalese, Burmese and स्व tra To y ya talya ܟ 77 $S3 Fs) a Ran3 ·--$6 (2)] VOWEL CHANGES 3 Siamese characters, which are based on the Nagari, are used in Ceylon, Burma and Siam respectively for the printing of the 'Palt texts Advanced students are advised to study one of these characters. LESSON II (çfant 977) Rules of change The Pali language is derned from an old form of the Sanskrit language When words from the older tongue were corrupted and found currency into the new one, they underwent certain phonetic changes These rules are given in this lesson for reference The student should not try to deduce Pāli words from his Sanskrit vocabulary with the help of the rules, as their application is not absolute in all cases, but he can trace the origin of Pāli words with their help Advanced students may refer to the Wilson Philological lectures by Dr Bhandarkar or a similar treatise on Philology for, the scientific theory underlying these working rules $6 Vowel changes (1) gråtet FUMITTARATI "A long vonel is made short when followed by a conjunct consonant or an anuswära, eg मार्ग-मगरा m away, ईश्वर इस्सर m the Lord , धर्म-कुम्म m a turtle , शाराम्-माल/ to the school, नदीम-नदि / to the river, अभिभूम्-अभिभु m to the conqueror (1-a) When the Anuswära on short vowels is dropped the latter are lengthened eg सिह-सीहm a lion, faala agfaf twenty, C-2757f the jaw. Exception A vowel followed by Ze is not made short og 16-me ads secret, 15-e ads foolish, रूद-रूळpp grown (2) # in Sanskrit words is changed to *, or in the corresponding Pāli ·4 MANUAL OF PALI [ $6 (2)- . a घृत घत्त,n ghee, कृत-कनpp done, गृह-गह। house, मृत-मतpp dead ऋषि-इसिm m a sage Fresa prosperity, fa-ratas courage , T-FATI m a beast, a deer मतु-उतुm a season, ऋजु-उजु ady straight, अपभ-उसभ m an ox, घृपभ-युसभ m an ox (3) d is changed to and ft to sit htm summit, तेल-तेर n oil, anden enmity, कौशाम्बी-कासम्बी Sname of a town , गौतम-गोतम m name of a man (3a) it is changed to 31 sitta stiam respect (4). The vowels in the words get a man, sy an arrow, gh a book etc undergo arbitrary changes and the words are changed into पुरिस m , उमु m , पोल्थकn etc (5) The visarga () preceded by T is changed to J after 8 and is dropped after other voneis, eg T-Here the visarga being preceded by at is changed to 3 which being combined with the preceding 37 becomes sit according to rules of Sandhi and we get it, the Buddha धुद्धा , मति , श्वश्रू become बुद्धा m , मति / talent, सस्मू । mother-in-las, the visarga being dropped $7 Consonantal changes (6) and < are respectively changed to and more दाडिम दाळिम n a pomegranate , गुड -गुळोm a ball, पीडयति पीळयति tortures , बाढम्-याहं adv exceedingly (7) 7 and are changed to SF13--3TFT m space, 727-tait m a hare, $12-A ad, remaining, F67-fth adj. cruel $ 8 Changes regarding conjunct consonants (8) The first member of a conjunct consonant in 3 Sanskrit word is dropped in its Palt form and the remaining member is doubled, e $,*-eaten , qol-qol a leaf (9) If the first member of a conjunct consonant so doubled, is the second letter of a class (7), it is changed to the first letter of the same class, and if it is the fourth, it is changed to the third - E ·-$7 (13)) CONJUNCT CONSONANTAL CHANGES 5 € 8,3 meaning-3729, according to rule 8 30-54, m as 18 the 2nd letter of the ata, Tun milk लुब्ध-लुध्ध-लुद्धpp greedy (10) The remaining member of a conjunct consonant is not doubled at the beginning of a word, e 8 स्परित a mistake-परित pp (and not ग्वलित) ज्ञानम्-आण ॥ knos ledge (not 7701) Nor is it doubled after a niggahıta, eg, 774-fear- संतामो, (and not सत्तासो) This doubling is optional in a compound, e.g पलाय सहितो सपना सप्पन्नोise , नरस्स खरित नरबलित or नरबलित' * a man's mistake (11) is doubled after , eg 777 A a song-, पेयम् n a drink--पथ्य (12) म् न य वाना अन्त्याना लोप , द्वित्व शेषादेशयो ।" When #, 1, for stands as the last member of a conjunct consonant, it is dropped, and the remaining member is doubled (Rule 8 is superseded by this and by the subsequent rule 14 ) 977 a pair- स्मृति-सति/ recollection (is not doubled See rule 10) But forafa or Fala recollection of death नग्न-नग्ग adj-naked, मौम्य सोम्म ady mild , अध्या-अध्धा-अद्धा m a road . ध्वंस-धंस m destruction (a) Exception marathi This change does not take place when 8,319 or are combined with Geg महय-सरह adj bearable, वह्नि-वन्हि m fire, मुहयति मुय्हति faints Marh the inverted position of which does not stand as the first member of a conjunct consonant except in the word atau m a Brahman, and am God Brahma 3) is not dropped in the conjunct consonants CH and न्म, and n n म्न,g, उन्माद-उम्मादm madness करमाप- कम्माम ady spotted जाल्म -जम्मो m a rogue , fi fan od deep, is either retained or changed to meg, at or 3 ·6 MANUAL OF PALI { $7 (13) तम्हि in it; उपमा-उस्मा m. heat; अश्मा-अस्मा m. a stone%भस्म n. ashes. 1 TET 19:1" whether the initial or final member of a conjunct consonant is drapped and the remaining member is doubled; e. 8. AT-TT 1. the way; go_4553 m. colour; no a wheel; THE Fasad). poor. Exceptions : आदर्श-आदास m. a mirror; दीर्घ-दीप adj. long; förft n. the head. (15) & is changed to fra and the preceding ionc, if long, is made short; e. & mar-rafta m. a teacher; चार्य-विरिय m. effort; भार्या-भरिया/.anife; गूयं-मुरिय m. the Sun; 378-3fta, 3724 m. a nobleborn person. (16) & is changed to Fig. 1A-97&fa descrscs; गईति-गरहति censures 3; भर्हित-अन्तरहित PD concealed. (17) is inserted between the two members of a con. junct consonant whose final member is pic.s. 73-firi m, torture, sin ; 5PT-fra Pr. ill; wra-forta pp faded. (18) Similarly is inserted between the two mombers of the conjunct consonants in the words at the string of a bow; shamc; FII may be; fa templo: a diamond ; Escsterday; s prosperits crc., which arc respectively changed to 1797, cerb. feft,'s. forat, cerb. a fora, n. 17, n. fozii, ind. frz. ctc. ar Rules 15 to 18 coucr caves of Epenthesis (insertion of a letter in the middle of a nord ). (19) in combination with another consonant is changed to P78-IT_I odj. 21; Tin TUI M.. inountain : TITI-TÄ N. a poem. (20) 19.7, T. and are respectively clinic10. and at the beginning and so ma, 7, 91 and in ile middle of words; 4141 111 crity: T-01 dancc : 70-71 wine : fplendovi: mit *** meditation : 1.Tet the first state of moulie tation; TT77-16 na Altensth; "I thing. Exception : 161*-7791, a parlen.

·--$9 (27a)) EDIG COVOVAVTS 7 (21) et and are changed to or according to their position in a word e, 7-Tan a place Txt 175 m ? gentleman PE-FE n siood (22) 277, 27, and the arc changed to ? FTY- Ty n truth, iri yozftan wonder याम-यma calf, a young onc 377T2-HTPT / a nymph (23) स् and kare changed to Porn according to their position in a word ४, शुक-गुम्म ady dry सध-गन्धो the shoulder, a part क्षान्ति-पनि forgneness, fity firm a monk (a) sometimes changes to or C#. 'J* FPD agitated , Y-Tunin. sugarcinc BTHT TAT/ the carth (FTTTT forgiveness) Tot tot m a fostus al, (T91 m a moment) (24) and are changed to or C&. ***- पन्दन throbbing, पुष्प-पुष्फn a flower (25) 5*, and are changed to for FC8747- Tuam uith justice, 591-9791/ a girl will 3*nin a forest 1959-ATYn know ledge T-95-77 with wisdom o Conjunct consonants mentioned in Rulcs (20) 10 (25) prcccded by the niggahıta 1) undergo those changes which they would do at the beginnings of words, * . कांपा करग) desire पया-4/ achildless lady etc 126) Er is changed to ". 30-Tado hot, - ad) blick Rules 19-26 supersedc Rulcs S-18 $9 Ending consonants (27) A consonant (represented with a nether stroke as , etc) is dropped at the end of a word, c & PTE- सम्मा Ind nghtis, मगपान्-भगयाn the Blessed One, स्वान्- मिया should be (a) But the ending 1, and the ending or of a pronoun are substituted by a nisgahiti, e g - to & Buddha , HTR-7 to a daughter, 5711 this, that, 47-451-m which cic ·MANUAL OF PALI 2 1 8 [ $9 (28) (28) The ending visarga or por preceded by 37 is changed to $1 together with the preceding 37, and is dropped when preceded by other vowels ed,सर्वत -सब्यता Ind in all respects , बुद्धा-बुद्धा m Buddhas , रचि-रचिf the beauty, Heftir m a monk (29) The ending of a pronoun or in an upasarga and the endinga often reappear when followed by vowels eg , एतं + अहोसिएतदहोसि this happened , ताव as long + एल्थ here = तावदेत्थ also तावेत्थ, पाता in the morning + एव only=पातरेव, पातोऽव (30) 4, 5, 7, and are often inserted (a) either as revivals from Sanskrit forms or (b) by analogy to such Insertions shantdhe सकि once + एव only = सरिदेव, पुन again + एव = पुनरेव, पुनदेव, याच upto + अर्थ requirement = urgent LESSON III (acet 9187) $ 10 Declension of substanties in Palı is based upon the same in Sanskrit with a few chønges There is no dual number and except in the case of substantives ending in s the dative case is the same as the genitive plu is the same as nom plu except in the declension of substanties ending in 37 The instrumental plural and ablative plural forms and the nominatre, accusative, and vocative plural forms are indentical except in nouns ending in 37 $ 11 The follnwing are the cases (fauffrait) with their names in Pali in brackets () The nominative (HT) denotes the subject and the accusative (graat) the object of a sentence The instrumental ( acaat) denotes the person or thing with or by whom something is performed, and the datire (sf), the person to uhom or for u hom something is given or done The ablatise (UT) shows the starting point The genitive (CET) stands for the possessi e in English and the The acc + ·-512] DECLENSION OF SUBSTANTIVES 9 . आ locative (सत्तमी) shors the place (in, on, upon, at, etc ) The vocative (आरपन) is used to address persons 112 Masculine nouns ending in 34 Terminations Case Singalar Plural Nom आ Acc म् Instru एन एहि, एभि Dat आय, स्म न Abl आ, स्मा, म्हा पहि, भ Gen Loc Voc आ Note --Before terminations beginning with vowels, the ending of the noun is dropped The ending म् 1s changed to a niggahıta in the accusative Before the preceding is changed to sit Thus we may take the noun g* (the Enlightened One) and decline it - ए, स्मि, म्हि . बुद्धन Case Singular Plural Nom वुद्वो बुन्दा Acc बुद्ध Instru बुद्धेहि, बुद्धमि Dat बुहाय वुद्धस्म वुद्धान । Abt बुद्धा, बुद्धरमा, बुद्धम्हा बुद्धेडि, बुद्धभि Gen बुद्धस्स युद्धान Loc बुद्धे, बुद्धस्मि, बुद्धम्हि बुद्धसु बुद्ध युद्धा बुद्दा Note -The forms बुद्धो युद्धा, युद्ध बुद्धेन, युद्धाय, बुद्धस्य, घुद्धानं, युद्धा, युद्ध, युद्धसु and बुद् are from the corresponding Sanskrit बुद्ध , युद्धा, बुद्धम् , बुद्धन, बुद्धाय, बुहस्य, युद्वानाम्, बुद्धात्, युद्धे, बुढेपु and बुद्ध The forms युद्ध (acc plu), बुद्धस्मा, युद्धम्हा, सन, पुम्हि are borroned from pronominal declension युद्धेहि seems to be from बुद्ध , बुद्धभि (frorn Vedic बुद्धभि ), 1s Voc ·10 MANUAL OF PĀLI [$ 13– थ used in poetry वुद्ध ( norm sing ) and बुद्धासे (nom plu ) are rare forms बुद्धासे is a rare form of the nom plural § 13 The Padas In Pali there are both the padas परस्मै and आत्मने as in Sanskrit, but any root may take terminations of either As a rule, the A (97449 ) is commonly used, the other (TTT) being confined to the passive }oice and poetry The student should always conjugate verbs in the T679% unless specifically asked to give the 145 forms $ 14 The present tense The terminations of the present tense are the same as those in Sanskrit, except 1st person plural , I , Person Singular Plural Ist मि म 2nd 3rd fa अन्ति Before it and #, the preceding 37 is lengthened 3710 is dropped after other vowels $ 15 The First Conjugation The Pālı grammarians represented roots with an ending vowel, as गम, वस etc and not as गम्, वस् etc Sanskrit But the ending 3 of a root is dropped when the conjugational sign is added at is the sign of the first conjugation before which the penultimate short and the ending yonel take their ſu at has no guna The guna of , $ is and of 3, 5 is ओ Thus at to carry is a root + 31 conjugational sign =#+* or to be +3=+3 qand at followed by other vowels are changed to and are Thus ने+8 नय् + अनय the base of the root मो+भभव+अ=भव as in 11 ·-15] THIF FIRST CONJUGATI04 11 भावाटspit. Conjugate गम (ग) togo. Person Singular Plural (भई गामि (1) go. (मय) गालाम (ce) go. 2nd (11) गामि (thou) gocst. (सुग) गरम (youtgo. 3rd (मो, मा,म) गति (le, she. (ने, सा, सानि) गनि it) gocs. Ithey/go Declinc like पद m ferta scrvant माह पह] a lion. मिग [गुग adeer पानर a monkey. धम्म [ धर्मेthe truth, the पवृक्ष] a tree. religion, the doctrine. , पुरुष) a son. मय: a bedstead, acot, बग्ग [ग] a word. भारa burden पचामित (प्रत्यभित्र an enemy. पयन पर्वत) amountarn. गाम [ग्राम) anillace. आयरिय [भाषा a teacher. भूपaking. फरह [प्रभA question. भस्म अध] a horsc. मुंयुमार शिशुमार] a crocodile. नरaman. Some roots of the 1st conjugation र todig सर with अनु अनुगा (भनुपरनि) हर muth चि (पिहरति) to live. to follow पर with ओभयमनु) to advic[ii) (मनि, सेनि)* to fie जिto conqucr. down. कम nith मिनिजम्(नियमति नी (नयति, नैति) to carry, to start. पन o fall. धावto run. पुष्परछ) to ask. यस to Inc. माग to beg. मादocat. गम (गति) to go. Indeclinables (भन्ययानि) नrot. . Tanu a ma mols, posses and bases at Oplosalls stages to and ओ respectoralr. The titeotमम गच्छ. सन्नि into the presence, rear.

·12 MANUAL OF PALI 1516- Exercises for translation A १ किंकरो आवाट खणति । २ वानरा रुक्खेसु विरहन्ति । ३ अहं पुत्त भोवदामि। ४ सो खग्गेन पन्चामित्त जयति । ५ सा गामा निस्खमति । ६ भूपान भस्मा धावन्ति । ७ नरा गामे वसन्ति । 4 सीहा मिगे खादन्ति । ९ व धम्म न अनुसरसि। १० तुम्हे मनके सयथ ॥ B 1 (The) servant carries (a) burden 2 He falls from (a) tree 3 (The) king's son has (a) horse* 4 (The) Buddha advises men 5 (A) lion lives not in (a) village 6 (There) are mountains in (the) forest 7 She asks (the) teacher (a) question t 8 I beg (a) horse of (the) king † 9 (The) crocodile goes into (the) presence of (the) monkey 10 (The) tree falls from (the) mountain in (the) forest आ, आनि प, आनि आ, आनि . LESSON IV ( चतुत्यो पाठो) 516 Neuter nouns ending in an Terminations Nom म् Acc म् Voc Decline 97 a fruit Nom प पग पलानि Acc परे पनि Voc पा, पलानि Norc that the forms 97, 97 and it are identical with the corresponding Sanshrit forms while my in and v plu ) and To arc based on the declension of masc nouns ending in a I hc rest of the forms are like those of masc nouns 71 in ind plu ) 18 1 Vedic form • A horse is of 1) e ling s son 1 पुणand याच govern tworccusatires-thed rectoberce and the indirect, 1 ·--618] THE 2ND AND +TH COVJLCATIO\ 13 . $17 The Second Conjugation The roots of the sccond conjugation are not regular They are अस to be, हु [भू] to be, to speak and Engo. The forms of the present tense of the roots are given bclou अस Ist अस्मि, अगि अस्म अाह 2nd अमि 3rd अग्थि मन्ति अग्ह 1s sometimes changed to अहा अधि [हित] is some. times used in the plural 19 sentences showing possession कमिकम्मरयाय तरम गोगाऽपि नया He has not even oren for farming, RFÀ Gratul Friend, I have teetha अपथ Ist 2nd होमि होमि होति होम हाथ हान्ति 3rd अधीम, गुम ग्रीथ, पृथ 1st प्रवीमि, मृमि 2nd प्रवीमि, यूमि 3rd प्रवाति, भूति घुगन्ति ६ Ist गमि एमcto 818 The Fourth Conjugation The sign of the tth conjugition ts a before which the ending of the root is dropped Rules 12, 20, 22 and 25 of the first lesson are to be appined while makine up the base य, प्य, ध, ध्य,न्य and न्य, are chinged to 9, 5, 57, 3, and a br those rules, Is this book is meant for student rig hare some knowledge of Sanskrit ut follows the Sanskrit system with tra conjugations and pot the Pali one with seven ·MANUAL OF PALI [818-- while in the case of other conjunct consonants rith as the latter member, the 9 is dropped and the preceding consonant is doubled Obserye Rule 9 if necessary T 1S changed to यह Conjugate the following roots of the 4th conjugation and compare the forms with the corresponding Sanskrit इध [ऋध्यति] (इन्झति) to flournsh कुध [ क्रुध्यति] (कुझनि) to get angry नत [नृत्यति] (नञ्चति ) to dance नस [नश्यति] (नस्सति) to perish पद with नि [निपद्यते] (निपजति) to lie doun, with उत् (उप्पजति) to be born, produced , with स (सपजति ) to succeed फुस [स्पृशति] (फुस्सति) to touch बुध [बुध्यति] (बुज्झति) to understand, know युध [युध्यते] (युज्झति) to fight लुभ [लुभ्यति] (लुब्भति) to covet विध | विध्यति ( (विझति) to shoot सुस [शुप्यति] (मुस्सति) to dry, mather हा [दायति ] to decrease, diminish WORDS FET मोर [मयूर ] m a peacoch सप्पुरिम [सत्पुरष] m agood उय्यान [उद्यान]n agarden man, saint मनुस्म ['प्य ] m a man, a चित्त n the mind person घर [गृह ]n a house नाम Ind at all . सुख n happiness पण [पर्ण] na leaf रज [राज्य] n a kingdom खलm a villain निदाघm summer पापn a sin, demerit तमा [तडाग] m a lake होकm.the world, people. जलn water पुश्य [पुण्य]n a ment मच्छ [मरस्य] m a fish च ind and TTT m passion, lust कोष [क्रोध] m anger farem a monastery नरmman अधिक ad more ·टीmith । -6181 Tue 24D AND 4711 cmJICITIA, 15 STAFA ind mith one A4th c to hxic another, mutually onc«c!f याीम ('प] manald HTrum hunter. Tuffaln murn an arror (दिगि (गाँ] Crenion, TTF (9*T*)n a book effort थालm fool, a chilli पहिnamic man Tlstc to takc delight Fifth c to bc intoricated, wnd like, stf Hot मान [म. nine मिith corch पुराएरm an old man नायरmarole प' power, faculty मुग (मृn thread पुष [m]n florer पमान Imamistake दिनदिन] m a birds रे in far Tirthman fr the topluy famllc यदा महाnhen then आग (wit] madic Exercises A 1 मोरो भूपरम उग्यान मधति । • मनुग्गा परे गुगेन निपानिपुदो रान म पुगी। १ : परपाभिमग शुभपा ५ निदा मा मुमनि, मालमपनि मामिण पिरो त्रोधी माम न उप गिहारे गम्मि पनि न पनि। गो पाहि म मपति। मौके पुन्नति पनि मधिनि। .. पुराण धित रागो न पुष्पति। एपामगा भरमा युगान पनमदिसा इप। १२ पण्डिता पोध' रमन पासा र मजे। १३ पुरस्म पनि हापक्षिा पुष्फरन्दा फरानि उपना १५ दिन पयोमुनिनीयता B 1 Trel hunter shooks the hud mith an arros 2 Fren reltsson decreases, then Budakaistors 3 The merime of the oldotner orlal meet me datte, while that of the oljert of jy kite or de multe *** rut in the teatiretive Tinmera timeira (etan arenketiwarte translate froen En hits Pali .

·16 MANUAL OF PĀLI [$19- exertion of the wise succeeds 4 You are intoxicated with wine 5 We sev (our) robes with thread G They under. stand the Buddha's doctrine 7 He touches the flowers with (hıs) hands through (by) mistake 8 The garden is far from the house 9 Men coyet pealth and play with dice with one another 10 She gets angry with (her) sons य य न LESSON V (पञ्चमो पाठो) 619 Feminine nouns ending in BTT Terminations Nom यो Acc Inst Ab हि, भि Dat Gen Loc य,य सु Voc कब्जा [ कन्या] a daughter, a girl Nom का कम्मा, कमायो Acc कर्ज Inst कमाय कन्नाहि, काभि Dat कमान Aы •कन्त्राहि कनाभि Gen कन्नान Loc कम्नाय, काय कम्ञासु Voc क • कन्या, कनायो The forms कन्नं, काय and कम्ने of the singulsr are derived from कन्याम् , कन्यायाम् and पन्ये , while कक्षा (plural), काहि-भि, कन्जान and क्जामु come from फैन्या कन्याभि, कन्यानाम् and कन्यासु in Sanskrit यो of the nom plural 1s borrowed from t of nouns ending in or " ·--$ 21 ) THE 6TH COVJUGATION 17 $20 The Sixth Conjugation The sign of the 6th conjugation 18 37 like that of the 1st, but there is no guna in the oth The following are the principal roots of this conjugation विर with आ (आकिरति) to scatter fee [fero] (ftavfa) to throw, with 31 to lift up, with Pa to place, with # to close, shorten (farfa, farefit, सरिखपति) तुद (तुदति) to torture दिस दिश] with उप (उपदिमति) to advise (aa) with HT to mount, with 3+ to dismount विस with प [विश्] (पविसति) to enter $ 21 The Seventh Conjugation In conjugating the roots of this class, the base is made up by putting an anuswära between the two syllables of the root and by affixing a to it as in the preceding class General Rule --An anusw ara followed by any of the consonants from to 7, is optionally changed to the nasal of the class by a consonant of which the anuswara is followed The folloning list gives the more important roots of the 7th conjugation (graa) to kiss मध (रुन्धति) to hinder छिद (जिन्दति) to cut लिप (लिम्पति) to smear भिद (भिन्दति) to break fa (fersfâ) to get, acquire भुज (भुन्नति) to eat enjoy fra (f#safa) to sprinkle, मुख (मुन्धति) to release with to crown युन (युजति) to join feet (feafa) to hurt, torture SI P 1 ·18 MANUAL OF PALI [$ 22- § 22 Use of Adjectives (a) Adjectives agree with the qualified nouns in gender, number and case, and are generally put before the nouns मधुरो सदो a sweet voice , मधुरेन सद्देन, मधुरेसु सद्देसु etc (6) Adjectis es ending in 8 in the masc form their feminine base by the addition of 3 to the final vowel They are then declined like कजा,g, बाला foolish, तरणा young, दीधा long etc from बाल, तरण, दीघ etc Sometimes Šis also added to the masc forms to male the feminine base, as तरणी, सुन्दरी etc (c) Adjectives may be prefixed to the qualified nouns making कर्मधारय compounds, eg मधुरसहो (मधुरा सहो), फरुसकना (%3 फरसा कमा) a harsh girl, सञ्चवचनेन (मशेन वचनेन) by true speech etc WORDS HET अस्ससाला [अश्वशारा]f a सुभ [शुभ] 1st to look stable beautiful cant f goddess, deity थेर [ स्थविर]m an elderly adj auspicious monk 4577 [771]f the people, goes [ Toom)/ thirst, greed the subjects on root, source Trayer I ºg] m a king's son, चैतिय [चत्य ] । a temple, shrine prince 3777f a she goat, sheep अननn a yard 3. et ind (termination of the Tatum cadung infinitive) to 53 1 ge] ad, fat गीवा [ग्रीवा]/ neck वारण m an elephant Tot, agit f names of ETUST ( 103T]/ the trunk (7) m an ascetic जरn water सय [वयम् ] pron ne #IST 4. a garland महारानma great bing rivers ·--22] THIE 7TH COVJUGATIOY 19 merito- सेनाf army धम्मराज m The Lord of the | भारिया (भायो] / wife Doctrine, Buddha वह [काट n a stick सावक [श्रा ] m a pupil, पुन्नकम्म [पुण्यस्म । disciple fious action तव pron thy, thine पूजाf worship एव and only, same मेस (मास] n flesh अनुकम्पाf compassion सुश्ख [शुष्क adj dry जम्युदीप ["द्वीप) m India माखा [शाखा / a branch इध, इह Ind here आगत adh come, arrived विपुल ady much A. 1 अस्सा अस्ससाल पविसन्ति । २ देवतायो मात्र कम आर. हन्ति । ३ पजा राजपुत्त रज्जे अभिसिञ्चति । ५ अजा पण्णानि भुझिनु गीय उरिखपन्ति । ५ ते गहाय जलेन पुप्फानि सिमति । ६ नरा पिरियेन पुन् विन्दनि । यमुना पुष्फान मालाहि सोभति। . थो तोहाय मूल छिन्दति । ९ कम्मा घेतियस्म अमन गोमयेन लिम्पति । १. पुढो बारणो सोण्डाय यमुनाय जल आकिरति । ११ समणा मय महारान, धम्मराजस्म सावका। नवेव अनुकम्पाय अबुदीपा धागना ॥ B 1 Bhadda'snife breaksa stick 2 The king releases the monkey with compassion 3 He joins sheet Words with mentorious actions + She goes to the temple with garlands of flowers for sorship 5 O Goddess, why do you hurt the people? 6 Men torture she-goats for flesh (Use Dat) i I cut dry branches of the trees 8 You throw arross at the enemy's army 9 Thou cuttest the nech of the peacoch 10 We acquire much ment by the worship of Buddha . तव+एव. अ+ए-ए अ+इ=ए. + इध+आगता Marithat aor combined with eithet अ or आ-आ Arorel (shortor long) combined with the time Powel ( short or long) the same vowel (long) ·20 NIANUAL OF PALI [823- LESSON VI (छटो पाठो) $23. Masculine nouns ending in & and 3 Terminations Nom Voc ओ Acc ओ Instr ना Dat Gen नो नं Abl ना, स्मा, म्हा हि, भि Loc स्मि, म्हि मु NoteThe ending vowel is lengthened before all the plural terminations except the Locative where, the lengthening is optional The ending vowel tales its guna before ओ (eg भिक्खु+ओ-भिक्खो+ओ=भिक्खव् + आ = भिक्खयो, अग्गि+ओ= अग्गे+ओ = अग्गय + ओ = अग्गयो) The ending optionally takes its guna in the Vocative Singular अग्गि [अग्नि] Fre Sing Plu Nom अग्गि अग्गी, अग्गयो Acc अमिंग Instr अग्गिना अग्गीहि-मि Dat अग्गिस्स-नो अग्गीन Aы अग्गिना-स्मा-म्हा अग्गीहि-भि Gen अग्गिस्स-नो अग्गीनं Loc अग्गिस्मि मिद अग्गिसु, अग्गीमु Voc अमिग, अग्गे अग्गी, अग्गयो Is The form अग्गि, अग्गि, अग्गिमा and अम्गे of the singular come from अमि, अग्निम् , अग्निना and अग्ने All the plural forms are taken from Sanskrit with slight changes " ·4 " " - -525] THE 10TH COVJUGATION 21 मिक्सु [भिक्षु] a monk N V भिक्सु भिक्यू, भिक्पयो Acc भिरर्बु Inst भिक्खुना भित्राहि-भि DG. भिवम्धुस्म नो भिक्पून AbI: भिवबुना-ग्मा-म्हा भिक्खूहि-भि Loc भिवखुस्मि-हि भिक्षुसु, भिक्खूमु The forms भिक्षु, भिवस्तु, भिक्खुना, भिवार, भिवग्ववो, भिवहि- भि, भिरपून, भिस्मुर कपू)मु are from भिक्षु , भिक्षुम् , भिक्षुणा, भिक्षु , भिक्षय , भिक्षुभि , भिषणाम् and भिक्षुषु The termination is borrowed from nouns ending in 87, F#T, TET, fent and inte are taken from pronominal declension 524 The Tenth Conjugation The sign of the10th conjugation is अय, optionally changed to T, before which the penultimate short and the ending novel (the last except अ) take their vuddhi The vuddhi of t Is आ, इ, ई 15 ए (f] and of उ, ऊ 1s 31 (sit) qand sit obtained from vuddhi are changed to erg and IT shen followed by dissimular vowels, (because these Fond si are substitutes for Sanskrit i and 311) The vuddhı does not tale place when the penultimate short vonel 18 followed by a conjunct consonant and in the case of the roots कथ to tell, गण to count and रच to arrange Conjugate क्य क्थयामि, कथेमि कथयाम, कथेम 2nd कथयमि, कथैमि कथयय, कथ 3rd कथयति, कति कथयन्ति, कधेन्नि $ 25. The Numeral ft (two) The numeral Pa is declined only in the plural and alıke in all genders. It may be used as an adjective N Ac. T, In. Ab द्वाहि, द्वाभि, D C दिन, Loc. द्वीमु, द्वेमु. The forms दुवे, दुवेहि-भि, दुविन, and दुवैमु are found in poetry. 1st per ·22 MANUAL OF PALI [525- WORDS HET पटु adj skilfull युज with उ (उय्योजेति) 10the मणिm a jewel to dismiss निधि m a store पाल 10th c to protect अज [अ] 10th c to earn कपि m a monkey. . कवि m a poet चुर 10th c to steal भिक्खु [भिक्षु] m a monk, i vocative particle Oh, a priest hallo! गुण m alvirtue, a merut इसि [मपि] m a sage वण्ण [व] 10the to des कस्मा Ind why? cribe, praise कथाf a story बलि m an oblatish, offering वस्थ [वस्त्र]n agarment छड्ड [छ ] 10th c to leave कप्प [क्लप्] 10th c to equip, नरपतिm (नरानं पति) a king to make मन्त [ मन्त्र] 10th e with आ अन्तेवासिक m a pupil an to address, call apprentice हंसपोतिका (हंसस्म पोतिका) a इदानि दानि [इदानीम्] ind now gosling भज 10th c todivide, to cut पिय [प्रिय] ads beloved, dear समं Ind equally पति m a lord, husband रासि [राशि ] m a heap वर [] 10th c to choose धन n wealth with fet to prohibit f03a ad, sise, m a vise सेनापति m (सेनाय पति) agene man वरथ (वस्त्र)n agarment, cloth सेनाf an army. विरिय [वीर्य ] n exertion, fem a sword effort Th 10th c to count 96 Ist c to burn उच्छु । इक्षु] n a sugarcane पारिम adjyonder रसm taste, Juice तीरn bank for 10th c to hnow, ex सेतुm a bridge perience, acknowledge am a brother घत [धृत]n ghee अयं m/pron this सत्तु शिग्रु]m an enemy खेह श्रेष्ठ ] ady best ral ·- 26] THE 10TH CONJUGATION 23 पत्थ प्रार्थ] 10th c to aspire for च Ind and निब्याण (निर्वाण] n salvation, वराय magram emancipation, niryāna Ft f pron she सुसुमार [शिशु०] m acrocodile गन्ध [प्रन्यू) 10the to wreathe A2 पटयो पुरिसा मणान निधि अन्ति। २ रवि भिवान गुणे पण्णेति । ३ ब्राह्मणो बल्यो तळाके छड्डयति । ४ नरपति भिक्यू आमन्तति । ५हसपोतिका पिय पति पारेति । ६ सेनापति सेनाय अमी गणेति । ७ नुम्हे उठून रस चेदयथ । ८ अग्गिस्मि घत घडयामि । ९ ५६ मम सत्तु उय्योजेमिनरपति पजा घामेन पारयति । ११ पयो उय्यानम्हा फलानि चोरेन्ति। १२ भो इसयो तुम्हे करमा युद्धस्म गुणे न यण्णेय। १३ व द्विस कपीन कथ न क्थेप्ति। १४ अम्हे अस्म कप्पेम। १५ आचरियो अन्तेवासिके पापम्हा निवारयति ॥ B 1 I count my jessels now 2 You equip the hing's horse 3 Bodhisatta divides equally the heap of wealth + Wise men do not praise wealth 5 Sages protect the Duty (धम्म) with exertion 6 O Fire ) why do you burn my friend's house ? ? He goes to the yonder band by the bridge 8 My brother cuts (down) the enemy with the sword 9 This is the best of the swords (use Gen or Loc) 10 The monkeys throw the grarms (anay) 11 She wreathes a garland of flowers 12 A monk aspires for nibbana 13 Tko monks are coming (=come) from the bridge 14 Ilonkeys lie down on branches of trees the story of the monkey and* the crocodile LESSON VII (सत्तमो पाटो) $26 Neuter nouns ending in and J Terminations Ple Nom V Acc म नि • Putnfter the last word 15 He tells Sing of sfter esch of the connected words ·24 SIANUAL OF PALI 1$ 27- आयू, The rest like masculine The ending sonel is lengthened in the Plural, the lengthening being optional in the Locative अहि अस्थि] a bone Nom अहि Acc अहि STET, SIA Voc afg The rest like 87777 (23) आयु [ आयुस् ] age, life Nom V आयु आयूनि Acc आयु आयू, आयूनि The rest like भिन्नु (623) $27 Prepositions and Indeclinables All the prepositions except टपेवा धिररथु नमो,यिना and a few others, whose position is optional, are placed after the nouns Prepositions govern their objects in different cases as indicated below (a) The accusative TT (CTT before lowels op. tionally) untıl, 77IT, fartriit, ta, tizu mith reference to, about, ro, fany fie upon ! (b) The instrumental 37 cnough of, fe what is the use of? (interrogaticly, Wolat it is proper for, 771 14 15 possible for, aft, 76 with 11e ndjcctis csm and (1:&c) also govern this case (c) (Irail to, a bow to) goscrns the datisc (d) 11 (from) gosems the abistisc, 917 is used with the ablanc optionally, fit (1111 out) governs the accu alise, the instrumental or the ablitac (c) re genitive put unler, War, 1791 in, anons 7, Tal on, upon, above, wit on this stic, Icyond , 1 I clow, under, .

·-530] PREPOSITIONS AND INDECLINABLES 25 828 इम 1s added to adverbs to form adjectives from them, et, हिम nether, ऑरिम hither, पारिम yonder, etc from हेटा, ओर, पार etc 129 The First Personal Pronoun अह [अरमद् ] 1 Similar in all genders Nom मय, आहे, नो Acc में, मम अम्हाक, अम्हे, नो Inst अम्हेहि-भि, नो D G मम, मह, अम्ह, मम, मैं अम्हावं, अस्मार्क, नी AbI अम्हेहि भि, नो Loc मयि अहिंसु NB The forms and are not used at the begint ning of a sentence, 29 मम पुनो आगति or पुत्ता में आगरधति 530 The Numeral ति (लि] three All genders सया, मे, म्ह मया,में Plural only Nom Acc Inst Ab D G Loc तीसु Masculine तयो तिपण Neuter तीणि तिष्ठान तीभि Feminine तिस्सो तिम्म तिस्प WORDS सहा #TU m the Exul Spirit तत्य Ind there काकmacrow एक pron one कलह ma quarrel, dispute सम्पपाश] ma hare मधुn honey तारगर m दधिn curds a cluster of palms Ten fuel, firenood अस्य अर्थ] Muse, require: पञ्चई [मस्यहम्) and darly ment (witli instrumental of the object required) - बmactane पातु चिभु] n antye ·26 MANUAL OF PALI 1530- । 4 अस्मु (अU] n a tear एत pron this, that घर witho (पग्घरति) 1ste to अम्ब [आम्रm a mango trickle जम्युn a roseapple (frust) भारहारकm a bearer of load पनस majackfrunt गम with पति and आ (परचा. relative pron which गच्छति) to return समुह [4] m the sea, agreat चारिn water river अनिच []f na Hame si ind betier पुळक [प] ma ram / उर्दुयर m the fig tree सपि सपि] n ghee सप्प [स]m भाग,m a serpant सिप with प (परिखपति) 6the सीम शीप the head to throw तिण तृण] n grass अमच्च [अमाय] n an untruth मधुर adj sweet तिलmnasesamum अम्बिर [भ] ady sour दानु ( Infinite of दा to give) uut ad, salt to give पत्थु (वस्तु] n a story हरित adhgreen कटु ad, bitter धनुn abon परिव्यात [परिमा]m काळा [बी]/ frohty ascetic सम am a conchshell सरिथ सिरिय]in the tigh मम्मु श्मश्रु]n the beard I born 877 n a wound जाग ady produced, groun, 77 n dust A नमो बुद्धाय, धिरत्यु मार। २ अट्टीनि निम्माय काकान कर हो उपाति। अल मे मधुना दधिना चोदारना भन्यो। समां पदम्ममारगम्यम्म हा यमति। ५ पानरा परपद गाय पार गम्ति। १ यरस पनि भरमुना पपरन्ति। • भारहारका दामह मदि पागनिम पारिना। १ वाशी भरितस्य उपरि मर्माण पश्मिरनि) 1. अयप मरम्प न यति। "समैन प्राणाप लिगनिदा म महा। 10 दोष निमुमारम्भ' कगि। 11 ममाणि पनि होनि परिवारमा मात्रिम मा । +rai, On instance of it dropring of theftrori . मिलान an -- ·-$31] FEMININE NOUNS IN AND 3 27 94 अल ण्तेहि अम्बेहि जम्यूहि पनसेहि। यानि पार समुइस्स, वर मह उदुम्बरो॥ १६ अम्भाधितस्म कि भेसज्जेन?-मि IV 167 B 1 He tells me a story 2 The ram breaks the thigh of the ascetic 3 (There) is a serpent in the fuel 4 The fruit falls on the hare s head 5 Hares do not cat (any thing) except grass 6 What is the use of a bow without arrows? 7 Honey is sweet and curd is sour 8 The water of the sea is salt 9 Green Jambu fruits are bitter 10 We bring fuel and grass from the forest below 11 Fools throw away their life in frivolity 12 They sprinkle the king wath water from three conchshells 13 (There) are tno pr* three ascetics in the monastery 14 A fool s beard grows but not his intellect 15 He throus dust into my eye LESSON VIIJ (FEAT TOT) $ 31 Feminine Nouns ending in and 3 Terminations Sing Pla Nom Voc Acc Inst Abi UT D G OT न Loc या, य मु Role --The ending vowel is lengthened before all the plural terminations except --here the lengthening is optional and before for the Earth, ground NV भूमि भूमी, भूमियो Acc মুমি Inst Abi भूमिया भूमीहि, भूमीभि • Vee Me च (द्वे तयो वा द्वे वा तयो का) ·28 MANUAL OF PALI [832- धेनून अधिगच्छति he goes over D G भूमिया भूमीन Loc भूमिया, भूमिय भूमिसु भूमीसु धेनु A con N V धेनु धेनू , धेनुयो Acc धेनु Inst Ab धेनुया धेनूहि-भि D G Loc धेनुया, धेनुय धेनुसु धेनूसु 532 उपसग्गा or prefixes are put before verbs and substantives to modify their sense They are from Sanskrit and the form of the Pālı verb or substantive with the 344 prefixed is determined by the corresponding Sanskrit form The following is a list of the more common upasaggas अति (trans) beyond अतिवत्तति he transgresses अधि over, above, upon (acquires, grasps) अनुसरति he follows , अनुस्सरति [अनुस्म] he remembers 374 away (dis-) statt to remove, 3444mla he insults, अपचायति he worships अभि towards अभिमुख with one's face towards अब, ओ (de) down ओतरति he descends आ until, upto आगच्छामि I come आहरामि I bring उ* [उत्] changed to उद् before vowels, up उप near, nearly उपसंकममि you approach , उपराना Viceroy fa down forsirala he sits down , fagafa falls down निर! away, not निग्गठति he goes anay , [निर्मक्षिक] fly less • consonants preceded by उत् and निर् underso changes deacbea . अनु after उप्पतति he Jumps up girl he ascends निम्मक्सिक 1088 ·--535] UPASAGGA PROPIYES 29 विवसन्ति live separately for मी out नीहरति he takes out a (pra ] changed to after onels, forth, chief पयानि he stirts, पजाति प्रम] shines forth, blazes , पवादो a theory, hypothesis पटि, पति [re प्रति] This is changed to प्पटि, प्पति after voucls and to try before dissimilas vowels, in retum uansula comes back, afgesfat asks in return, पटिक्सेपो [प्रनिक्षेप] refusal परा opposite पराजयति defeats, परवमति [पराक्रमते ] strases, endeavours परि (Pen) surrounding often changed to पलि or पळि gfeasta araps round, crrerarà runs about fa (dis-, apart facutat a quarrel may denate distinctness as in fartfa lases सं (con-), together संपादो a conversation , संयमन्ति live together $33 The prefixes are often combined e 8, +377 + करोति (प्याकरोगि, व्याकरोति) he crplains , अधि + भा + यमति (असायसति) he luves , +उत् + आ + धाति ( समुदाचानि) ad. dresses or practises In combining the prefixes, apply Tueis under $8 834 The Second Personal Pronoun तुम्हा युष्मद् ] min Thou, you Sing Plu Nora रवं, सुर्व तुम्हे, वो Acc वं, तु, ते, नये तुम्हे, यो IALI तया, खया, तुम्हीह-भि, वो D G तव, मुरह, तुम्ह,ते Loc स्वाय, तयि तुम्हंसु N. The forms à and are not used at the begin. ning of sentences धेनु यो अस्थि { and not at धेनु अन्थि) 135 The Numeral चतु [ चतुर], four, is declined in the plural only ·30 MANUAL OF PALI [635- Nom Acc Inst Ab1 Dat Gen Loc. Masculine चत्तारो चतुरनं चतुरो चतूहि Feminine चतस्सो चतूभि, चतुस्सन्न चतूसु चतुभि Neuter चत्तारि चतुन्न WORDS सद्दा Tref a rope दिस Iste (पस्सति, दक्खति, बन्ध [बन्धति] 1st e to bind, दिक्खति) to see to tie काम m a sensual pleasure यागु [यवागू]f gruel Tfaf delight सक्खरा [शर्करा] / sugar भास [भाप्] 1st c to speab, सकुण [शक्न ] m a bird talk वेगm speed उदेन [उदयन] name of a king aft [afeif joy satisfaction रेणु/ an elephantess sfa/ the skin, complexion वण्णु [वर्ण] | sand कन्ति [कान्ति] / brightness विजु [विद्युत्]/ lightning हा with [परि] 4th c to de-विय [इव] and like भिखुणी [भिक्षुणी] f a nun खत्तिय क्षत्रिय] m aKshatriya अरियसञ्च [आर्यसत्य] n a noble पसंसनीय adj Praiseworthy truth दिस 10th c to preach कासु/ a pit पीति [प्रीति | love, Joy पियङ्गु प्रि]f a kind of सुवण [f] n gold creeper सब्बा pron fem all यस [यशस्] n fame Stg f a metal लाभ m acquisition (यसरा जाति / birth यसस्स राभ) नापि (न+अपि) and neither of pron which वसल [वृपल] m Outcast बुत्ति [वृत्ति] | maintenance उभो [उभौ] pron both विनिपात m degradation पकति [प्रकृति] f nature अधम्मचरण acting चुत च्युत adj degraded piously crease . n not ·--535] UPAS AGGA PREFIXES 31 a month घाग m chanty रति राति / ight यसते (यस्स whose + एने वेज वैद्य ] n a physician these) { monkeys मधु / the nose वानरिन्द ! रेन्द्र ] m a lord of | मुसिर n a hollow यथा indas धूलिf dust धिति [एति| courage केलि [केलि]amusement, दिEn adifficuly sport साpro he सत्ति शनि ]f strength UTC 10th c to hold, catch रुचि splendour दण्डकmastick दिसा [दिशाf aquarter कोटिf the end आसानह | आपाढ]mname of गति | motion gast मन्द adमन्दा) slow निन [निम्न]ad deep मुद्धि [ शुद्धि]/ purification हनुthe jaw सन्ति । शान्ति]f peace दह [दृढ ] ady strong A १२ रजया धेनु बन्धमि। २ तुम्हे पागुन सक्खर खिपथ। ३ मकुणा वेगेन भूमिय निपतन्ति । ५ सप्पुरिसा तुहिया अभ्अमन सवयन्ति । ५ छविया कति परिहायति । ६ पत्तियकाय चित्ते गोतमस्मि पीनि जाता। ७ मुवण्ण सव्वासु धातुसु सेट। ८ न जातिया ब्राह्मणों होति नापि यसरी। ९ उभो पतिया चुना, उभी धम्म न पस्सन्ति । १० कामेमु रवि न पससनीया, धम्मै रतिया गुण भासन्ति । ११ उदेनस्म रेणु चण्णुप विजु विय धावति । १२ बुद्धो भिक्षुणीन भिक्सून च घसारि अरियसञ्चानि देसेति । १३ अरजे कासूमु पियायो जाता। १४ धिराथु त यसलाम धनलाभ च ब्राह्मण । या युत्ति विनिपातन अधम्मचरणेन वा। १५ यस्सेते चतुरो धम्मा वानरिन्द यथा तप। सरच धम्मो धिति चागो दि सो अतिवत्तनि ॥ B 1 The crows hold the stick by the end 2 The gait of the cow is slow 3A codile used to liyet in the Ganges 4 Ry the puofication of the mind sages get The habitual past tense is expressed by using forms of the present tense ·32 MANUAL OF PÅLI [836-- peace 5 The elephantess goes upto ( 972 ) Savatthi in four nights 6 The physician wraps your nose with cloth 7 A serpent takes out (its) head from the hollow 8 The girls throw dust at one another for amusement 9 You remember the strength of the lord of monkeys 10 The splendour of the Doctrine shines forth in the four quarters 11 Men eat the fruit of the piyangu in Asālha 12 You strive for the acquisition of wealth 13 The cow Jumps up from the ground 14 The elephantess ascends from the deep pit 15 The jaws of a crocodile are strong LESSON IX (नरमो पाठो) 536 Feminine Nouns ending in and 5 The terminations for the inflexion of feminine nouns ending in & and are the same as in $31 The ending vovel is shortened before terminations beginning with and in the vocative singular grat a maidservant Sing Plu Nom दासी दासी, दासियो Acc दासि दासी दासियो Inst AbI दासिया दामीहि, दासाभि D G दासिया दासीन Loc दामिया, दामिय दासु Voc दामि दासी, दामियो जम्बू the roseapple tree Sing Pla Nom जम्यू Acc उम्यु म्यू, जम्युयो Inst Abi नम्युया जम्बहि-भि D G जम्युया म्यून LOC सम्म Voc जम्यु जम्बू, जम्युयो नम्बू, जम्युपा जम्युया ये ·, -538] THE IMPERATIVE SOOD 33 Decline like जम्यू.-ध/ an army, पाइf. a shoe; मा. the Earth; वधू / a young lady, a bride, मस्स् /- [अ] [ a mother-in-law; etc. $ 37. The Imperative Mood This mood is used to express command, prayer, advice or wish. The following terminations are used after the conjugational base of a serb Sing Plo मि 1st per. . 2nd per 3rd per. 1 st per. 2nd per तु अन्तु The preceding a 1s lengthened before मि, म, and हि. The termination fe is necessary after and is necessaniy dropped after 77 of the 10th c. and the causal forms of verbs कुध (Athc) to be angry कुज्झामि कुस्माम कुन्स, कुमाहि कुरझथ 3rd per. कुज्झतु चुर (10tho) to steal घोरेमि, चोरयामि चोरेम, चौरयाम चोरेहि, चोरय चोरेथ, चोरयय चोरेनु, चोरयनु चोरेन्तु, चौरयन्तु (al The fe of the Imperative is necessary after monosyllabic bases, ar8. एहि, याहि, होहि etc. from t to go, या to go. हु to be etc, $38. Imperative forms of the serbs of the second conjugation are given below. The forms of the first person are the same as those of the present tense ($17). अस to be आहि सन्तु KI.P.3 1st per. 2nd per. 3rd per. 2nd per. . 3rd per.

·34 MANUAL OF PĀLI [840- to be Sing. Pld. . होथ 2nd per. 3rd per. . होतु 2nd per. 3rd per. प्रवीतु, तु 1st per- 2nd per. 3rd per. होन्तु to speak प्रवीहि. हि प्रवीथ, घूथ ग्रुवन्तु इ togo, like हु to be. $39. The Attanopada Attanopadi forms are sometimes used in the Present tense and Imperative mood. They are indicated here for recognition only. The following are the Attanopadi terminations of the Present tense:- म्हे, म्हसे रहे ते अन्ते The corresponding terminations of the Imperative are:- रहे, म्हसे रहो तं अन्त Most of these forms are rare and archaic. $ 40. The Third Personal Pronouns (m) त [तद् ] m. he Nom. सो ते. ने Acc. Inst. तेन, नेन तेहि-भि, नेहि-भि तस्स, नस्म ते, तेमान, नेम, नेमान Ab. तम्मा-म्हा, नम्मा-हा तेहि-भि, नेहि-मि Loc. तस्मि-म्हि, नम्मि-म्हि तेमु-मेसु 1st per. . 2nd per. . 3rd per. . ते, नं D. G.

·-$41) YUVIERALS Declension of the numeral 11 (fic) It is declined only in the plural in all genders alike, 28 Nom Ac I Ab पञ्चहि, पञ्चभि D G पवर्ष Loc WORDS ETT At (prohibitio acrticiple) कमिया ning ploushed Don't fity and well jes aft ( 74 101hc) to fear rind always to be afraid अपमाद (अ not+पमाद nefera 10th e to think, to be gligence) m variness antious ET (91911 / a daughter- इतोनिदान adj rising from 20-1911 this cause at riiere भयnfear ist c truth to strike Tot link of IT) to go. देवीf aqueen to 1st c to nish अत्तमनadh satsfied 74 m a chanot , WTF? names of men युन (ccesal योजेति, गोतयति) जनक ma father to voke दायग्न [दायाच]. inter- पापक cdy sinful tance mm quality, nature ma, varf a bond, vessel ata ind father! O bos ! ret () a spoon, ladic (a tern of address for tomar (ST) m destruc males) tion of life mfy (often contracted to रम Isic ithf to अपि orपि) alo, too abstain 30 (2)man cetic, a adhoo at once ** Istc to plough अदिध [भदत्त] n theft 44 Iste to son 77 (often preceded by ) avoid terminction of the gerard fere find quickly, 5 10 h c. with it to 73 107) a drunkard, ·36 MANUAL OF PĀLI [541- हसी/ agoose content 701 1st c to speak काकी/ female crow दारm wife मुसा [मृपा] and le, false सेत [श्वत] ady white सक [स्वक] adj one's own वण्ण [वर्ण ] m colour रक्ख (श्] 1ste to observe 90g 10th c with to सील [शील] n a command entertain mnent ग्राह्मणी f a Brahman woman färgend why? भोननीय। अनn food भया भीति | fear पा 1sto (पिबति, पिवति) to पला 4tho to run away drink सब्बे [स] pron m pla all यदि, सचे Ind if सत्त [सव 1 m a being वन [ Isto ] with प (पच्य glera ads happy जाति) to renunciate grea ads contented सजेm the Assembly दुज्जन [ दुजन ] m bad people यावदत्थind to ones heart's 1, at I vocative particles Oh! OhI Hallo! माय Ind in the evening antf a well अपराधmafault A १ मुम्हे मा भायथ, मा चिन्तयथ, मस्थि वो इतोनिदान भय । २ उय्यानभूमि गन्तुं इच्छामि । रय योजेहि । ३ मा म पापका धम्मा फुसन्नु । ४ तात, महऽपि वरथु क्थेहि। ५ वs*पि, समण, क्सस्सु च वपस्सु च, कलित्या च वपित्वा च भुस्सु । ६ साधु, मे गोतमो धम्म देसेतु। ७ भूपा सदा पना अप्पमादन पारेन्तु । ८ वा तव वधू च सुखेन धसथ। ९ सस् मुई नादया तरि रज्जया पहरति । १० देवि, अत्तमना होहि, पुत्तोते नातो। ११ सो ते राहुल, जनको, गच्छस्सु, दायज्ज याचाहि । १२ मा सेनापति चमुया कारण बिना कुझतु । १३ तस्म उय्याने पस जम्यो सन्ति । १४ पह, कुमारि, पादुयो घडेहि पातियं च यागु अस्थि, तदस्यियानीहर । १५ पाणातिपाता विरमस्सु लिपं । लोके अदिर परिवजयस्म । अमनपोमा च मुसा भणाहि । सकेन दारेन च होहि हो । • Thengas (अवरगह) represents . dropped vowel in Roman ead Snhalese ed tops S 1subit tuted by ab apostrophe qutcoptional Iso ·R $421 MASCULINI NOLAS ENDING IN 37 B. 1. Obscric the five commandments daily, O queen 2. Come, o lion, why do you run away through fear ?3. Let all the beings be happy and contented, 4. Let ud go to the yonder mountain and eat jambu fruit. 5. Do not associate (live together) with the bad people. 6. O maidservants I go to the well and bring water 7. The female crow does not become a goosc by white colour. 8. Entertain the Brahman women and the nuns with food. 9 O householders I do not drink sinc 10 If you wish, renunciate and join the Assembly. 11 Go to the park, play to your heart's content and return in the evening. 12. O children, do not touch fic 13 Anandal preach the Doctrine to the (Datice) five nuns 14 May not the mother-in-law get angry with and beat the young ladies without (their) fault. 15. O lord of the monkeys 1 come with me to the yonder bank of the river and inc there on the jambu tree - LESSON X (दममो पाठो) $ 42 Masculine Nouns ending in Masculine nouns ending in in Sanskrit are regarded as those in in Pāli. Some grammarians take the base as ending in and others in The nouns are declined partly like sifort and partly like the corresponding Sansknt nouns. Terminations Sing Plu. Nom Voc. Асс , नो Inst Ab, D G मो Loc. नि, स्मि, हि at ·38 MANUAL OF PALI [६42- Sing " The endingo is shortened before all the singular terminations except the Nom and before it of the plural The lengthening is optional before I दण्डी [ दण्डिन् ] an ascetic Plu Nom दण्डी दण्डी, दण्डिनो Acc दण्डि, दण्डिन Inst दण्डिना दण्डीहि, दण्डीभि Dat दण्डिस्स, दण्डिनो दण्डीन Ab दण्डिना, दण्डिस्मा-रहा दण्डीहि-भि Gen दण्डिस्स, दण्डिनो दण्डीन Loc दण्डिनि, दण्डिस्मि म्हि दण्डिसु, दण्डीसु Voc दण्डि दण्डी, दण्डिनो 843 Neuter Nouns ending in These correspond to similar nouns ending in 7 in Sanskrit They are declined like masculine nouns from the Instrumental to the Locative cases The terminations of the other cases are given below Nom Voc. Accus नि सुखी (neuter) happy Nom मुम्बि सुखी, मुरपनि Acc सुम्खि सुखिन Voc मुसि NB -Mark that the ending towel is shortened in the Nom Singular 644 The feminine forms of masc nouns ending in इन् ] are formed by changing the ending romel इनी, es the feminine forms of gout (an elephant), pusi, grit etc are हथिनी, दण्डिनी, मुगिनी etc All these are declined like दामी म्,नं " " ·0 33 1) 3 चक्षु ॥ 1) NB - belongs to Attano pada, 64 is some ---$ 47) THE FUTURE TENSE 39 $45 The suffis is a possessive one Trom y se get gjafi religious आणी learned Theft possessed of eyes 4771 (a wing) se get et a bird माला we get माली a gardener 797 (Inatted hair) ve get ki a recluse g(sorrow) we get greit sorry Similarly from 919, AIR (one s own) etc we get a (sinful), Arai (lord, master) etc $46 Two nouns compounded together form compounds समास When they are related to each other by an oblique case, the compound is called a mugiter Again if the last member of a gf a compound 15 a verbal derivative which cannot be used independently, the compound is called an 3973 acgfter The suffix is often used after verbs to form the last members of such compounds, eg पाप करोति इति पापकारी one who commits a sin 199 । घातेति इति सत्तुधाती one who kills his enemies दीर्घ जीवति इति दीघजीवी one who lives long धम्म पदति इति धम्मवादी one who preaches the Doctrine सीघे यायति इति सीघयायो one who goes fast भूमियं सयति इति भूमिसायी one who sleeps on the ground etc Feminines पापकारिणी, सतुधातिनी etc $ 47 The Future Tense Terminations Sing Pla इस्सामि, इस्म FITA इस्ससि इस्पति इस्मन्नि ist per 2nd per 3rd per इस्मय times found instead of a ·40 MANUAL OF PALI [547-- 1st per 2nd per 3rd per. भर (1ste) to nourish Sing Plu भरिस्सामि, भरिस्स भरिस्साम भरिस्ससि भरिस्सथ भरिस्सति भरिस्सन्ति After 5 of the 10th c and after and th of the causal the at the beginning of these terminations is dropped, e. कथे+इस्सति कथेस्सति ६48 Future Tense of the verbs of the second Conjugation are to be has no forms of the Future Što be 1st per. { { 2nd per 3rd per हेस्मामि, हस्म हेस्साम, हेहिम हेहिमि, होहिमि होहिम हेस्मसि हेहिसि हेस्सथ, हेहिथ होहिसि होहिय हेस्सति, हेहिति हाहिति हेस्सन्ति, हेहिन्ति,होहिन्ति घू to speak प्रविस्सामि, अविस्म etc to go एस्सामि, एस्स, एस्साम etc 849 The Third Personal Pronoun त (तद्) Nom सा ता, तायो, ना, नायो Acc त,न IA ताय, नाय ताहि-भि, नाहि-भि ताय, नाय D G तम्सा तिस्पा तासं, तासान तस्पाय, तिस्साय मास, नासान तार्य, नार्य,तम, नस्म r Voc तिस्म { तासु, नासु $50 Numerals from 5 to 779 The numerals छ, पत्त, अह, नव and दस are declined alike in all genders only in the plural like पत्र (640) (51x) coming from is often changed to va before von cis ७मत्त seven ८ भह eight ९नव nine १०दस ten " " " ई ·-50] THE FUTURE TENSE 41 care of WORDS RET अम्बफल [आन]n a manga एवरूप adj of this kind fruit भू With अनु to experience, मर 1st todie suffer रज राज्य]n akingdom 7 Istc with ft to wander जातक (शा1 m a relative, गोण m a bullock, an ox kinsman इरी [स्त्रीf a woman, lady, an 10th c to deceive, cheat wife at a fe (phrase) it rains चकवती [चावर्तिन् ]m [सम्मा Ind well sovereign Fatind whence? घुस 10the to proclaim पानीयn water चन्द चिन्द्र]m the moon अद्वाnd certainly * 1st c with 4 to shine अन्भन्तर [अभ्य°]n inside अस्थ [अर्थ ] m desired object लोकुत्तर होरो'] ady super पर with वि 10th : ta take human कुमार m a boy, a prince गल 1st c to drop away सासन []n the religion पूज 10th c to worship ufafara ind very much सम्ग [स्वर्ग] m heaven पुति [वृद्धि]j growth, pros- पुनकारी [पुण्यकारिन् ] mn perity one who performs merit बहुभाणी [णिन् ] mr talka काफिलm a cuckoo [lages tive (person) जनपद m the country, vil- A १ सचाह (सचे + अह) अम्बफल न भिस्सामि, मरिस्सामि। २ मह रज भुझिस्मामि, भातके घ भरिस्मामि । ३ ससुमारो म पञ्चेस्पति, सादिरावि च । ४ देवो यदि सम्मान पस्सिस्सति, फुत्तो पानीय समि साम । ५ अमा, तरस भन्भन्तो लोकुत्तरथम्भो भविस्पति।। ६ मधे अय कुमारो पथ्यजिस्मति, सासनस्स अतिधिय दुढ़ि भविस्मति 1 0 बहुभाणिनो एवरूपं दुक्ख अनुभविस्सन्ति। ८ हस्थिनो हथिनीहि मह बने विचरन्ति The future tense is also used to express a doubt or probabs ity is in the modern Indian languages (miscalled vernaculars) ·42 MANUAL OP PÅLI [$50- ९ किङ्करो सामिन अप्पमादेन सेवतु । १० तस्सा सामिनो छ गोणा सीधया यिनो होन्ति । ११ पापिनो पुरिसस्स इत्थी दुक्खिनी होति । १२ सतुघातिनो पुरिसा धम्मवादीन धम्मदेसनाय गच्छन्तु । १३ माली सामिनिया पुप्फानि च फलानि च आहरिस्पति। १४ मा भायथ, तस्सा पुत्तो दीघनीवी हेस्सति, लोके च राजा भविस्सति चक्कवत्ती। १५ हि दिवसेहि तस्मि नगरे छण धोसेस्सन्ति । B1 The moon will shine at night (acc) 2 The sun will shine by day (acc) 3 If you try, you will get your desired object 4 My father will take care of your 5 The tree will fall down and its leaves will drop away 6 The lake will dry (up) and the fishes will die 7 He will worship the Buddha and will go to heaven 8 Come (0), O ascetic i we shall ask him the question 9 Those who perform merits become happy and those who commit sins become miserable 10 The crows and the peacocks are birds 11 They will see merits in her 12 The talkative lady will suffer grief like the cuckoo 13 The king will enter his enemy's forces (army) with ( (his) elephants 14 Lord, we shall go to the country by the chariot 15 The ascetic will not plough and will not son son Sing LESSON XI ( एकादममो पाठो) 851 Masculine Nouns ending in Terminations Pla Nom Voc नो Acc म् The rest like भिश्व (623) The ending you el 18 shortened before all the singular terminations except in the Nominative and before et ·-5531 MASC NOUNS ENDING IN 5 43 " " मत्तञ्ज सव्यन्जू (सर्वज्ञ) m the all-vise one Sing Pla Nom सुबन्न सबम्यू, सम्बञ्जनो Acc सन्य Voc सम्बन्च Loc Plura! सध्यजसु The rest like भिक्खु 852 Neuter Nouns ending in ऊ Terminations are the same as those of nouns ending un (642) The ending vowel is shortened in the singular मत्तजू (मात्राज्ञ] n moderate Nom Voc मत्तञ्ज मत्तनानि Acc मत्तम् मत्त, मत्तम्लनि The rest like masculine 2 Nouns ending in ऊ are generally उपपदतपुरिस compounds or verbal nouns, eg मगा जानाति इति मग्गज्यू one who knows the way धम्म जानाति इति धम्म one who knows the doctrine, duty कार्ल जानाति इति कारभू one who knows the time पार गच्छति इति पारगू an expert चेदेति इति विदू a learned man 553 Nouns ending n भू The declension of masrulane nouns ending in F 1s slightly different in the Nom , Acc and Voc plural सय भवति इति सयंभू स्वयंभू] self existent Nom सर्वभू Acc सयभु Voc सयभु Similarly decline (सह भवति इति) सहभू born together, (विभवति इति ) विभू one who pervades (अभिभवति इति अभिभू conqueror, etc सर्पभू, सयभुवो ।

·MANUAL OF PALI [$54 $ 54 The Passive Voice The sign of the passive voice is , irrespective of the conjugation, which is added directly to the root The final 3 of a root is dropped and the remaining ending consonant and the of the passive undergo changes mentioned in § 18 eg 93 to cook +1=T=97 (base) Pres 3rd per sing पञ्चति [पच्यते] is cooked Similarly हसते [हन्यते] is killed , खन्नति [खन्यते] is dug, नीयति 1s carried etc from हन, वन, ait etc The Attanopada terminations ($ 38) are frequently used in the passive, though their use is optional (1) In the following cases or is inserted between the root and य - (a) Roots of the tenth conjugation whose penultimate short vowel, if any, takes its vuddhi, 972-ceſtaat is praised विसजी (जि) यति (ते) is left, चोरि (री) यति (ते) etc (6) Roots with a penultimate long vowel, " or afl, es याचीयानि 1s begged , खादीयति is eaten सेवीयति etc (c) Roots ending in conjunct consonants or int! or aeg Tratafa is protected, tiarad is played, opteret are done, सहीयते (also सय्हते) is borne etc. (2) Roots ending in STF often change their 1 to in the passive es पयिते 1s drunk, दीयन्ते are given, but घायते is smelt, from 97,5t and at respectively $55 The Third Personal Pronoun a [2] n it Plu Nom ते,ने ते, ने, तानि, नानि Асс तं,न ते, ने, सानि, नानि The rest lile masculine (540) The third personal pronoun can also be used as a demonstrative adjective, ed सा पुरिमो, ताय इरिथया, मस्मि Sing दारके etc ·-5561 NUMERALS Decline एत [एतद(this, that) like a in all genders एमो and i are optionally changed to get and before consonants, एस धम्मो, स मुनि etc $ 56 The Numerals (II to 18) The following numerals are declmed in the plural alile in all genders like those from 1 to FA - ११ एकादस (एकारम rarelyj eleven १२ द्वादस, बारस (द्वारस rarely) twelve १३ तेरस, तळम, (तेदस rarely) thirteen १४ चतुदस, चुइस, चोद्दस fourteen १५ पञ्जदस, पण्णरम fifteen १६ सोळस Sixteen १७ सत्तरस दस seventeen १८ अट्ठारस दस eighteen (VORDS HET देवदत्त n name of a person Fay 7th with 3 to bes- इक्ख 1st uth परि to mear, anoint तेल (तैल)n oil examine मत 1st c to besmear नावा (नौ)/ a ship, a boat सुखुम (मूक्ष्म) ad thin, घर 1ste with वि to open subtle धा Ist c inth पि (पिदाति)। चाळपट्ट (चोल)। to shut, close iT m a thief बहु adr many रतन [रन] n a jewel, a another पूर 10the to fill कि नु खो ind phrasenhat hot वण (यण) m around आहेपm an ointment गा a piece of cloth, a rag यहि (यष्टि)/ a stick मुत्ता (मुक्त)f a pearl अन्न अन्य) Pron others precious thing F with 10th c to sead घष्ण धान्य com कस्मक किकn,fumer उम्गमन (उद्गमन n rising ·46 MANUAL OF PÅLI [$56- un- दिस to see (pass base दिस्स) भत्त [भक्त] n. cooked nce, a मुत्ति [मुक्ति] / निब्धान [निर्वाण] meal n deliverance कत [कृत] n. sing obligations परक्कम पराक्रम] mm exertion कर mith पति (pass पति दान nagift करीयति) to repay [grateful दळिद्द दिरिद्र] m कपण [कृपण] अकतनं [अकृतज्ञ] ady m a poor man A १ देवदत्तस्स आचारो तेहि परिक्खीयते । २ तुम्ह येव नावा भति, न पाह्मणस्स । ३ यदा सुमुमारो मुख विवरति तदा तस्म अक्वीनि पिथीयन्ति। ४ चोरेहि भूपस्स धन चोरियिस्सति । ५ नावा बहुहि रतनेहि पूरीयते। ६ कि नु खो महाराज, सो वणो आरेपेन च आलिंपीयति तेलेन च मक्खीयति सुम्बुमेन च चोळपट्टेन पलिवेठीयति-। ७ ता च यहियो ता च मुत्ता अञ्ज च बहुँ रतन तेन सब्बभुस्स पेसीयते। ८ धनस्स रासयो कस्सकेहि मग्गेन हरीयन्ति। ९ व विदूहि सम्मा कथीयसि । १० धम्मभूहि पाप कदाऽपि न वरीयतु॥ B 1 The rising of the sun and of the moon is seen by us 2 Deliverance is wished (for) by the learned 3 Enemies are not released by the conquerors 4 Obligations are not repard by the ungrateful men 5 The deer is killed by the hunter with his sword 6 Fruits are eaten by the monkeys in the garden 7 Rice is cooled by the women under the tree 8 Virtue is protected by the wise with exertion 9 The Doctrine is preached by the All-wise one to the five ascetics (ase dat ) 10 Be moderate in your meals 11 May gifts be given to the poor by the king 12 The kingdom will be enjoyed and (my) relatives will be supported by me 13 I shall be deceived by the huntet 14 The thigh of the ascetic is broken by the ram 15 The bird is shot by the hunter with two arrons C Rewrite the sentences in A above changing their voice + The root UT 11 changed to y In the passive ·-657] PRONOUNS 47 LESSON XII ( द्वादसमो पाठो) The Pronouns $ 57 The third personal pronoun is somewhat xregular in declension See/s49 and $55 है. The other pronouns are declined like nouns ending in 3 (mn) or 3 (f) with some differences In the declension of masc pronouns the Nom and Acc plural termination is 5, terminations for the Dat and Gen plural are एम, एमान , while in the singular the following terminations are absent 14 of Dative, of the Ablative and of the Locative In the neuter gender, the terminations for the Nom and Acc plural arc Sor Th The rest like masculine The feminine base is formed by adding 311 to the masculine base and the pronouns are declined like $45 with the following differences terminations of the Dat and Gen plural area and art, and in the Locative sing there is an additional termination 4 There are no vocative forms of the pronouns Most of the pronouns can also be used as adjectives सय [सर्व] masc all Plu Nom सब्बो सब्ये Acc सी मन्ने Inst सम्बन सम्वेहि, सम्वेभि D G सब्बस्स सम्बेम, सत्येसान Ab1 सब्बरमा, सब्यम्हा सब्वेहि, मवेभि Loc सध्यस्मि,सध्यम्हि सब्बेसु Nepler N Acc सर्व सम्बे, सम्बानि Feminine Nom सध्या Acc सब्ब Sing सम्बा, सन्याया सदा, मन्वायो ·48 MANUAL OF PALI 1657- Loc इतर other . Sing Pla IA सब्याय सब्बाहि, सब्याभि D G सवाय,सब्यस्मा सब्बास, सव्यासान सब्वाय, सव्वाय, सव्यस्सं सब्यामु WObserve that the forms सब्येस, सब्यस्सा and सब्यास are from Sanskrit सर्वपाम् सर्वस्या and सर्वासाम् respectively. $58 Decline the following pronouns like सव्य अन्न [अन्य], पर other, another, अन्तर a certain उभय (plural only) both एक (in the singular एक means 'one' or 'a, an', in the plural it means 'some') एकच some, certain क (interrogative) whot nhache कतम, कतर which (out of anumber)? पुष्य पूर्व ] former, ancient य (relative) who, which Some of these pronouns have got irregular forms in addition to the regular ones They are noted below - अम्मfem D G Sing अन्याय, धम्मस्मा, भनिस्मा Loc Sing अम्नाय, अम्मार्य, अम्नस्म, अग्रिम Similarly इतर has got नरिस्मा and इतरिस्म , क (क) / has रिस्मा and किसन कmascn D G Sing Loc Sing कस्मि, पग्दि, विस्मि, सिद्धि in whch? Nom Sing fr. The pronouns त, पm and u havenar and पर optional forms in the neuter singular when followed by Morels,ttपिE+भपि (For recogarlion only ) ·. -659] DECLENSION OF PRONOUNS 49 558. The pronouns इद (this) and भम् (this, that) are irregular. . इद (इदम्] This. Maserline Sing. Ple. Nom. अर्य इमे Acc. इम Inst.. अनेन, इमिना पहि-भि, इमेहि-भि Abl. अस्मा-म्हा: इमरमा-ग्दा D.G. भस्म, इमस्स एम, एसान, इमेस-मान Loc. अस्मि, भम्हि, इमस्मि-म्हि एम, इमेमु Neuter N. Acc. इदं इमानि Feminine Nom. अयं इमा, इमायो Acc. इमा, इमायो इमाय इमाहि, इमामि D.G. इमाय, इमिस्मा, अस्सा इमामे, इमापानं इमाय, इमाय Loc. इमिस्स, अर्म इमामु 559. अमु [अदस] Mascalin. Nom. . अम, अमु Acc. Inst. , अमुना Dat.G. अमुस्म, अदुस्म Abl. अमुस्मा, अमुम्हा Loc. अमुस्लि, अमुन्दि Nealer N.Acc. अदु, अ The rest like masculine. Feminin Nom. Acc. M.P.4 I. Ab. - अमु अनु ·50 MANUAL OF PALI [359- उभो, उभे Sing Pla I Ab अमुया अमूहि, अमभि D G अमुया, अमुस्पा अमृस, अमसान Loc अमुया अमुय, अमुस्स अमूस Decline अमुक, अमुक (such and such) like सब्ब 860 उभ both This pronoun is declined only in the plural, alıke in all genders N AC DG उभिनं I Ab उभोहि, उभोमि Loc उभोसु, उभे उभय (both) is declined like सब्ब 561 (a) The indeclinables suffix चि [चित् ], which is optionally changed to face before vouels, 18 added to inter rogative pronouns and indeclinables to give them the sense of indefiniteness, eg, aifa great a certain man, कायचिदित्थिया by a certain woman , अपि may further be added to चिदकैनचिदपि कारणेन for a certan reason (6) The relative pronoun is generally used as the correlative of a third personal pronoun The clause beginning with the relative pronoun is put first, except when emphasis requires it after, eg, यस्मि देसे अहं वसामि, तस्मि मिगा विनस्सन्ति, or नसो नरो यो न परोति पुन । न सा सभा यस्थ न सन्ति बुद्धा ॥ In this couplet the clauses beginning with the third personal pronouns are put first for emphasis (c) The following adjectives derived from pronouns may be noted मदीयमामक ( मदीया, मामकी) mane , तदीय, सापक thine, अम्हदीय our, सदीय his, her, its, own मादिस, तादिस, अम्हादिस, तुम्हादिस, ईदिल, कीदिस, एतादिस etc mean like me, like thee, like us, like you, like this, like ·-561) THE USE OF PRONOUNS 51 what, like that etc respectively तादिस [स्वाक्] means like thee or (areg) like him, like her or like it (d) The following adjectives are declined pronominally one of several 17 distant, other, EU Tight loner, inferior , upper, superior, 377 subsequent, other WORDS BET आनुभावm prowess अप्पक [अल्पक] ad) अप्प fev, रानपुरिम [१]m a royal little + a diminutive servant saffix पादm a foot पारगामी [गामिन् ] min one a 10th c to like, to who goes beyond choose 372 and while दन्तm atooth Ta 1st c with a to run रूप Istenth वि+4 to mutter along कान किर्तुम् ) nfinitive of कर Alat nom sing of HTT the to do mother निग्रोध, बिन्दुमार, चन्दगुत्त m 777 n a drink names of men Af particle really, verily is fed Fitner [ º ] m novice मानुकुच्छिगत adj in his (new monk) mother & womb gost (tot)n a letter, a leaf aga (7) m a gentleman duced पतिहा प्रतिष्ठा]f firmness आनिमंस [भानिस] m an karina advantage 3 cal adj a not + rangry om an owl मुमn the face साथ [तावद् ] Ind then the while grafa verb is supported, 1st c with to be pro- **** m a deed, an action, पञ्चय [प्रत्यय] m the cause निरोध m cessation Tam production, rise 1st c (fagia) to stand his late with ft to sit quit (sifort) in an animal. मूलn aroot ·52 MANUAL OF PALI [561-- महिस m. [महिप] a buffalo. निदाघ m., गिम्हान [मीम] m. स्वे, सुवे [श्वस्] ind. tomorrow. summer. दूतm.a messenger. सद्धा [श्रद्धाf. faith. पुष्फित पुष्पित]adj. in blossom. | कुटि f. cottage. A.१ पुटबेसं बुद्धानं आनुभावं अम्हे वष्णेस्साम । २ एसो ग्राह्मणो से पलयो अमुस्मि तळाके छड्डेस्सति । ३ राजपुरिसो चोरस्स एक हत्थं उभोऽपि च पादे छिन्दनि । ४ को ते आचरियो, कस्स वा धम्मं रोचेसि । ५ एकरचा दन्ते खादन्ति एकच्चा विपलपनि। ६ यं न सका तं न पति कातुं । ७ को पनार्य (पन + अयं) निमोधो नाम। एसो यिन्दुसारस्म पुत्तो। ८ अयं सामणेरो इमस्स गेहरस सामिको भविस्सति । ९ एकदियसमेय सध्यहि नगरेहि पण्णानि आगच्छन्ति। १० यं विना मुलपुत्तानं सासने पतिद्वा नथि, तस्स सीलस्स आनिसंसं को चदिस्सति ।" अकुदस्स उल- कम्म मुखं इंदिर्म, कुद्धस्स ताय कीदिसं भविस्मति । १२ गमाय परस्मि तारे इमे रक्षा पनि। अप्पका ते मनुस्सेसु ये जना पारगामिनो। अथाय इतरा पमा तीरमेवानुधावति ।। यं च ऽस्म मुमते माता भङ्गं पाना भोजन । तेन मो सस्य यापेति मागितो नरो ।। किचि दुक्म मम्मोति सर्य आरम्भपाया। भारम्भानं निरोधेन मथि दुषसस्म सम्भयो । B. 1. Who is your father? My father is Chandagutta. 2. Some (men) stand on the ground, some ride a horse and some sit in a chariot. 3. You will not get anything (fata) from me, go to another. 4. In this forest all the animals perish. 5. Those elders have got) other pupils. 6. A certain physician brings the root of a certain tree. 7. The lion kills (नि) one of the buffalocs or clephants. 8. I shall lise in that cottage. 9. This is the chariot in thich I shall sit tomorrow. 10. Speak what you want and ask for (ar) any thing. 11. rrom what city has the messenger come? 12. The way of wcaith is one (**) and the way of deliverance ·--5637 MASCULINE NOUN ENDING IN ** 53 another (अन्न. 13. All the trees and all the creepers are in blossom in the summer, 14. Sce this fruit of faith and character. 15. This house is mine, that palace is yours and the cottage is hers. LESSON XIII ( तेरसमो पाटो) $ 62. Masc. Noun Ending in it The only masculine noun ending in dit is nit [t: 1. a bull, which also means 'cattle' in the plural. The fem. form is गावी (a cow) declined like दापी. गो is declined as follows:- Sing. Pla. Nom. V. गो गवी, गावो Acc. गर्व, गाव, गावु गषी, गावी Inst. गवेन, गावेन गोहि, गोभि D.G. गवस्स,गावस्स गचं, गोन, गुन् Ab. (गवा, गवस्मा-रहा गावा, गावस्मा-म्हा गोहि, गोमि Loc. इगये, गवस्मि-रिह गयेसु, गावेसु, गांसु The Past Tense 563. The Past Tense-First Set of Terminations ई इ ६ The terminations given above are applied to bases ending in the vowel a; they are not added to bases end. ing in IT or o. The sign is optionally prefixed to the root. पच to cook पचिं, अपवि पचि, अपवि पचि, अपपि 1st per. 2nd per. 3rd per. 1st per. 2nd per. 3rd per. पचिम्ह, अपचिन्ह पदित्य, अपचित्य पर्नु, अपयु पचिसु, अपचिमु ·54 MANUAL OF PALI [863 (0)-- (a) In the case of a root preceded by an upasagga, the ev is inserted between the upasagga and the root : el विस with a to enter. प+अ+विस=पाविस is the base. पाविसिं (or पविसि) etc. गम (गच्छ) with अति to overcome. अति+अ+गच्छ अत्यगच्छ अञ्चगच्छ (Lesson 1, rule 20} the base. अचगाछ (or अतिगच्छि) etc. (b) The termination is sometimes lengthened and इम्ह is sometimes changed to इम्हा (for recogntion). 564. Past tense of roots of the second conjugation . to be 1st per: . per. 3rd per. {अहोसि, अहुया Sir Pla. अहोसिं अहोसिम्ह 2nd अहोसि अहोमित्थ {अहेसु 3 is necessary in the case of g to be, अस to be आमि भासिम्ह आसि आसित्थ आसि आसिंसु, आK to speak अन्यवि अ-यविरह 2nd per: अ-पवि अ-प्रविथ अ-यवि, माह अ-प्रविसु, आहंसु, आहु ,,, Mein WORDS मद्दा लपखणपटिग्गाहक [लक्षणप्रति- वस्य [व]n a year. ग्राहक ] m. a foreteller. उपोसm. the fast. असोकाराम [अशो'] m. the, छिद passive with उप to cease. garden of King Asoka पणीत [F] adj.excellent,good 1st per. . 2nd per. . 3rd per. 1st per. 3rd per. 5 to co ·THE PAST TENSE 3 a विस 6the with परि to serve रह 6th with सं+ आ to food Thougt महासेही [महाधिन् ]m the | सेतच्छन तn the white master merchant umbrella तथागतm the Blessed One, , भाता nomsung n brother Buddha परम d.great [plant उद्धन m an ovenga furmace ओसध औm na herb, a धूम m smoke नगरपासी ["पासिन्] m Iste with उ (उहति) to citizen rise, to stand अच्छरिय [आश्चर्य] n a wonder पत्थना मार्थना] f prayer, वन्द 1st e नम 1st c to salute aspuation रासर m गम भ] mm an ass इथ 4the with a to succeed #arere ind in the interior वच्छ वस्यjmacalf of the house असुचि [अशुचि] n an impurity आदास [आदर्श ft a mirror Sufiae ad, not besmeared कितन्त [क्रान्त] ody tired पोराणक [पुराण + के] ad) often a chair ancient [singer fra retira} ad, next गन्ध [a]m a heavenly / सुपिन (स्वप्न] m a dream सहस्प "ajnathousand उपसम्पदाf ordination सत्तधा Indin seven groups बाला/ a little girl रुगधुरग] madeer ratt m behaviour सगपा शतपत्र]m a wood सखीf a manden pecker इस Iste with परि (परियेसति) मगदुमान] n the top of a to go searching tree [upon | दिस Isto (पस्सति, दवग्धति, TT 1st c with off to lean दिक्खति) to discover, to see, to find पहा (पयह m a throne सम्पल adh endowed (with) रान royal वण्ण [वर्ण] m beauty, colour A 1 इमे भडेय माह्मणा लवररणपटिगाहका अध्। १ असोजसमे मत्तवस्यानि उपोसथो उपरिक्षनि। ३ भूपो बुद्ध पीतन मादन पर शिक्षिा ५ महासेट्टीऽपि पुत्त पचहि कुमारेहि साद्ध तथागनस मलिक कर me hand ·56 MANUAL OF PALI [661- । । पेसयि । ५ उद्धनतो, अप्पमत्तको ऽपि धूमो न उहहि । ६ तस्सा सा परथना समिज्झि। ७ वच्छा गावीनं सन्तिके नागरिछसु। ८ दक्षिणापथो गुवं भायतनं आसि। ९ बोधिसत्तो केनचिदसुचिना अमविपतो मुद्धो मानु- कुरिस्तो निस्समि। 10 तुम्हे गुनं तिणं व उदकं च पविखपित्य गावो मनुस्सान मित्ताऽति पोराणका इसयो आहु। १२ अनचुं तरथ गन्धया छमहस्सानि सत्तधा। १३ कुलंगो घनं पाविसि, सतपत्तो घ दुमग्गम्हा दूरे पुत्ते अपानयि । १४ आलम्पिका कर तस्म सो पल समारहि । निसीदि राजपतो सेतरउनस्स हेडतो।। १५ यथा माता पिता भाता अम्ने वाऽपि चातका । गावो नो परमा मिना यामु जायन्ति ओसथा। B. 1. All the citizens sent to the Kapilavatthu city. 2. The king saw the wonder and saluted his son. 3. They beat the ass with sticks and trent (away). 4. One day they were playing (splayed) in the interior of the housc. 5. The mirror fell on the ground and broke. (भिद passive.) 6. She was tired and sat (down) on a chair. 7. On the next day the queen avolc and told the dream (acc.) to the king (dat) 8. Rahula asked the Buddhi (ace.) for ordinar tion (ace.) 9. This little young girl nas going (Drent) to the well this ( = today) moming. 10. Plcascd with her behaviour, the Buddha preached the doctrinc to her (together) with her maidens. 11. The cight Brälimans trent'searching through all the citics but sas no girl cndoned with beauty. 12. A quarrel arose among the crors on account of the bones. 13. You threw ghee upon the flame. 14. The two cges of the crane began to trickle (etrickled) Fith tears. 15. We entertained the monks st the monastery with food and trator. [HT*) or T (HTT} li added to words showing 2010 . tity or number la tha kris of 'only', '*t much, or's little as. tो [:] (mm) 11 an indeclinable wulfir horlog the son of 'from ·--$65 ) MASC. NOUNS ENDING IN IN SANSKRIT 57 LESSON XIV (चतुइसमो पाठो) $65. Masculine Nouns ending in 1 in Sanskrit The following words end in T in Sanskrit and their declension in Pali follows the same in the older tongue:- राज [राजन् Jaking; ग्रह [ब्रह्मन् ] God Brahmā; अद्ध [अध्वन्la road; अत्त [भआरमन | self, soul; युद [युवन् ] ayouth; पुम पुमन्] a man; and at [196] a dog. We shall give the forms of the first three words in this lesson and the rest in the next:-- रना, राजिना रजा, राजिना राजाaking Sing. Plu Nom. राजा, বালা, তালী Acc. राजे, राजान राजानो Ins. राजूहि, राभि D.G. रो, राजिनो राजानं, राजून, र Ab. राहि, राजूमि Loc. रम्ने, राजिनि राजूम Voc. . राज राजा, राजानो N.B. When T forms the last member of a compound, it is declined like बुद्ध, . . महाराज a great king; ; मगधराज king of Magadha etc. ब्रह्म God Brahma Nom. ब्रह्मा ब्रह्मा, महानो Acc. . यहान,ग्रहा ब्रह्मानो I.A. ग्राना प्रीहि, ग्रहोमि D.G. ग्रानो, ग्रहस्स ब्रह्मान, ब्रह्मन Loc. ग्रहणि Voc. . ग्रहा, महानो Similarly महामहा the great Brahma, . ग्रहोस् ग्रह, ग्रो ·58 MANUAL OP PÅLI [565- अद्धा, अद्धानो अद्ध अद्धा, अद्धानो . अद्ध a road, time Sing. Plu. Nom. अद्धा Acc. अद्धान अद्धाने I.A. अद्धना, अद्भुना अद्धानेहि-भि D.G. अद्भुनो अद्धान Loc. अद्धनि, अद्धाने अद्धानेसु Voc. Like अन्द decline अस्म [अश्मन् ] a stone, मुद्ध [ मूर्धन् ] the head and आतुम [आत्मन् ] self (an archaic form). The Past Tense (continued) 566. Second Set of Terminations सि सिम्ह सि सित्थ सि सुं The terminations are added to verbs when their bases end in 3 or 5. But when the base ends in sir, the 3rd person plural termination 18 st instead of t, e. . अहसु (अ necessary) from ठा to stand ; अदमु (अ necessary) from a to give etc. (a) दिम to preach 10th e. इसयि, अदेसाय देसायसु, अदेसायंसु देसेसि, अदेसेसि देसयु, अदेसयु देसेस, अदेसे (6) The roots 87 and Ta are optionally changed to t and Tat and then they take these terminations with * necessary: thus past 3rd person of हर would be हरि, अहरि, अहासि; हरिस, अहरिसु, अहमु, हरं, अहरू of गम, गच्छि, अगछि, अगमामि; अर्गाच्छसु, अगमसु, गच्छु, अगराई $ 67. (a) (Grammarians give the following as the terminations of the past tense : 1st per. 2nd per. 3rd per. 3rd per.

·'ist per 2nd per 3rd per Arti when the prohibitive particle Ai is put before the past tense form of a verb As Trife don't fear, 7TH don't --568) THE PAST TENSE CONTINUED 59 Parassapada Attanopada Sing Pla Sing Pla म्हसे भथ 3 Out of these terminations, very few are ever used, but they are given here for recognition only (6) The root 72 (to speak) is conjugated in the past tense only (at necessary). Sing Pla. अवचम् अवच अवस्थ अवोच अवर्चु, अवोचु (c) fa (base 'to see', in addition to its regular forms, has these with necessary अहस अहसम्ह अइपत्थ धहम-सा अदमासु (d) Besides there are found many stray forms in the past tense, which are taken from the different varieties of the past tense (imperfect, 2012st, perfect) in Sanskrit a little $68 The past tense is used in an imperative sense 1st per 2nd per 3rd per अवच, 1st per 2nd per 3rd per my %65), "I go The sign 18 not used in this case before an imperative form also At can be used ·60 MANUAL OF PALI [568- ment 3 WORDS सहा सङ्क Ist c with आ to suspect | रत्तिदिवपरिच्छेद [राग्रिन्दि' ] m. नागm a serpent [form the distinction between रुच with आ 10th c to in night and day दुम्मन [दुर्मनस् ] di dejected मा with upass to be known विस्सर m a moan, agroan युद्धारोक m the light of the करिश्वा (gerund of कर) on Buddha making AETTa n. a general charity खो [खलु] and verily Te with (causal base qera) पकम + Ist c to go away to start, continue अज्झासय [अध्याशय] m inten इसर [इश्वर] adi hasty tion, opinion दस्सन [दर्शन] n insight, judg- यावेह m name ofa coantry ( Babylon) विस्सासं आपद (भा पद 4the) ETA m gain, profit to put faith सवार [सरकार] m respect चतुष्पद 'पद]m a beast,a कहापणमत [कापणशत, quadruped hundred hahāpana coins सरण गत adrho has sought दण्ड 10the to fine (with refuge in [ship Instr), to punish उपासवत्त [य] n lay-devotee- मुन्दर ad, सांभन ad) fine, मश्यपुग शाश्यपुय] m an epithet beautiful, nice of the Buddha (driver पास (पास) masnare an clephant बध iste(passre base NR) | मारण्या],भरm astreet to bind, to catch पुरता [पुरतम्] Ind in front * 1ste with fa to cry धाwth भन्तर4the tovansh आतेवामी m a pupil टान [स्थान]n spot दियो (पy Ind yesterday जैतवाविहार n the Jetasana पकार (मकार) m amaya monastery तापमm.airmit TT (POT) dat c with (bases portret (form)/ a collage उपहा, उपहा. उपनि) to at. I lot with it to nou tend upon, serie Tush बागपत्रकापिय]n. In द [prjn, नार र मारिपुतm narmadfmen पिाल10he totcar इन्धिमेण्ट m - manner I milk ·praised () the merits of the Blessed One, the Doctrine and vanished on the same spot 6 On that day, Sariputta 7 Near the same (एव) lake hermits made पदामि (=पकमि) an rregular form + अहायथ: अहायि IMay be written in this way also-अह बर्द्धच धम्म च सघच 61 -868] THE PAST TENSE CONTINUED | गपच्चीगच्छति) to return विरवि च। आविण्ण [आकाणे] ady full गम 1st c with पति+आ देण्टक m a thorn A १ मा अन्न किति आसङ्किस्थ महाराज । २ नागो भिक्खून एत मथ आरोसि, भिक्खयो व रो ओरोचेसु। ३ सो नागो दुखी दुम्मनो विस्सर करिया पक्कामि । ४ बुद्धो तस्मि खो समये महाग्रझुनो अमासय वेदेसि। ५ यदा मोरो बारु अगच्छि तदा काकस्स लामो च सकारो च आहायथ ।। ६ राजा चोर कहापणसतेन दण्डेसि । ७ अह हिय्यो सुन्दरतळाके सोभनानि उय्यानानि च अहस। ८ सब्बे देवा मनुस्मा च ब्रह्मान अवोचु, त्व खो ब्रह्म, सब्बेस देवान सेहोऽति । ९ सकुणो तस्मि खणे पासे बज्झि १० अन्तेवासी आचरिय पानीय अदासि, तस्स पादे तेलेन मक्खि, अनेन च पकारेन त उपहासि। ११ कोण्डनबुद्धस्म कारे रत्ति दिवपरिग्छेदो न पनायिस्थ । सत्ता निच्च बुद्धालोकेनेव विचारसु । १२ पव्यतो नाम राजा भिक्खुसह निमन्तेसि, महादानं परत्तेसि, बुद्धस्स घ सन्तिके पश्यनि। १३ अस्सो उप्पति, नदिया च पारिमतीरे अहासि। मा ग्राह्मणा इतरदस्सनेन । विस्सासमापजि चतुप्पदस्स ॥ अह बुद्धश्च धम्म सहच सरण च गतो। उपासकत्तं वेदेसि सक्यपुत्तस्स सासने ॥ B Great king, do not be anxious (fam) I shall protect your children 2 The elephant drivers saw the Tathagata on the street 3 The elephant stood in front of the Blessed One and saluted him 4 Then all the monks and the Assembly 5 The deity said these words (Taatsing ) was dwelling (हर with वि) in the Jetavana monastery with many monks १४ १५ 1 * ·62 MANUAL OF PALI [$69- their residence (वार्म कप) in cottages 8 They nourished the crow with flesh, fruit and milk 9 The boys stole mangoes and when the gardener saw them, they threw the fruit (away) into a pit 10 I shall tear your head if you will not speak 11 The road to the king's garden is full of use instr) stones and thorns 12 Did you (किं तुम्हें etc) count your cous when they returned from the forest? 13 The gosling chose a husband to her lihing 14 The stone fell on the head of the beast and it died on the spot 15 The lings divided the enemies' wealth among themselves (अनमन्ज) अत्तना, अत्तेन LESSON Xy (पण्णरसमो पाठो) 569 Masculine Nouns ending in Tin Sanskrit Continued from $65 Let us now take up the nouns अत्त, युव, पुम and सा (0) अत्त self, soull Sing Plu Nom अत्ता अत्ताना, अत्ता Acc अत्तान, अर्स अत्तानो, अत्त Inst अत्तनेहि, असनेमि Dat अत्तना अत्तानं Ab अत्तना अत्तनेहि, अत्तमि Gen अत्तनो अत्ताने अत्तनि अत्ताने Voc अत्त अत्तनो, भत्ता ॐ अत्त as a noun means the soul, but it is more fre quently used as a reflexive pronoun In the latter capacity it is used in the singular number only, irrespective of the gender and number of the noun it relers to, as ता इथियो अचान हिसन्ति 'the women hurt themselves' Alost of the forms of are talen directly from the Sanskrit declen sion of भारमन् • Loc ·63 IRREGULAR MASCULINE NOUNS युवानो, युवाना युवे, युवाने " युवाना, युवानस्मा-म्हा युवानहि-भि इयुवे, युवस्मि-म्हि पुमानो, पुमा S Observe that the declension of the nouns given in these two lessons partially follows some base ending in * declined like y. while the urregular forms are taken from --569] Nom. Voc. Acc. Inst. . Ab. D.G. Loc Nom Voc. Acc Inst. Ab. D.G. Loc. Nom. Voc. Acc. Inst. Ab. Dat. Gen. Loc. , (B) युव a youth Sing. . Pla. युवा युव, युवान युवं, युवान युवाना, युवेन, युवानेन (युवेहि-भि इयुवा, युवस्मा-हा, युवस्स, युवानस्म युवान, युवानानं इयुवासु, युवेसु युवाने, युवानस्मि-हि युवानेसु (e) पुम a man पुमा पुम पुमे पुमाना, पुमुना, पुमेन पुमानेहि, पुमानेभि, पुमाना, पुमुना, पुमा, (मेहि, पुमेभि (पुमस्मा-म्हा पुमुनो, पुमस्स पुमानं पुमाने, पुमे, पुमस्मि, पुमम्हि (d) सा adog सा, स सं सेन सा, सस्मा, सम्हा सस्प, साय पुमान, पुर्म पुमानेसु, पुमासु पुमैमु " सानो सा, साने साहि, साभि 1 सान सानं सासु से, सस्मि, मम्हि ·64 MANUAL OF PALI [570-- Sansknt with modifications, es, the forms रम्मा, अद्धानो, अत्तनो, युवानो are from Sanskrit राज्ञा, अध्वान , आरमन and युवान , respectively युव has two bases युव and युवान Students should mark the other bases for themselves The Potential Mood $70 The potential (optative) mood expresses probability, command, wish, prayer, hope, advice and capa bility It is used in dependent clauses also in which the abose senses are implied It is used in conditional or hypothetical sentences in which one statement depends upon anothes as its reason or condition Verbs containing auxiliary parts as, may might, can, could, should and would represent Pāls verbs in this mood Terminations Sing एग्यामि, एय्य एय्याम पुरयासि एय्याथ एय्य, ए एय एग्यु NB The terminacions get and my properly belong to the Attanopada (a) The ending 7 and 5 of the Bases of roots are dropped before these terminations, e g 1 (to be) has 977 as the base भव+एरयाम=भव् + एय्यामि भवेव्यामि कथ has to bases, कथे and कथय कथे+एव्य-कम् + एय्य:- कथेप्य कथय + पय्यु-कथय + एय्यु-कथयेय्यु कथे+ए {Ird S)- Plu 1st per 2nd per 3rd per. कय+एकथे छिद् 7the to cut छिन्देग्यामि, छिन्देश्य चिन्देश्याम छिन्देष्यासि हिन्देय्याय चिन्देश्य, टिन्दे, हिन्देध छिन्देव्यु [(b) The following Attanapada termnations of the potential (optative) are given for recognition only -Ist 1st per 2nd per 3rd per ·- -171] TIIE POTTTIAL, MOOD 65 Person (S) गम्य, (P) पश्यम्हे , 2nd {S) प्रयो, (P) हो, 3rd (S) एप, (ए) एरं]] $71 The following are the form of the roots of the second conjugation for the potential (optatic) mood Pla हुवेम्यामि, हुपेय दुरगाम हुवेप्यामि हुषेप्याय हुये, हुरय, हुयेध हुययु अस to be मम्माम अरमध to be Sing Ist per 2nd per 3rd per 1st per Հըմ բct 3rd per अस्प अस्म, मिया भस्म, मिया भमा यि m Jis conjugated like an मुवेश्यामि etc tragonnect Conjugated in the potential, conditional and the past WORDS मा दीपायु, उपालि nomes of men किलग्न (Tradi tured, cr. hausted माया Kucli भारपार] सुरHिina mean act well preached मे+आ+घरlstetapractice धम्मदिन the Doctrine विmame man and Discipline पर Ist c with Tt to blame सम [क्षम] adh capable, नामाf the nosc patient सहना/ Fronth Frowing Frien Leyta) ad; sympathetic, stars ady brought contcnted हरदग] 1st to bite FERR Ist to be tired, to दया is commssion be exhausted घमल दान 17 a candela उपाप mareinedy, means an outc241 अपय प्रत्यय m death, lapse नम (नमपति) tokendie lapec दारकm child mitted ruined RITERSmacarpenter मधपेन after the death or to train कारित as constru ted * El ads done, comme TH 4hs Bith ft to be ·66 MANUAL OF PALI [571- । of १ किलिस हिश्] 1st e with सं वचि [कञ्चिद् ] ind I hope to be sorled. मन 4the with अप to insult भन Istc to resort to मूरn a root पुरिसाधम [पुरषा] m meanest दहर ady young of mankind युद्ध वृद्ध] ady old करयाण adh benevolent, be धा Iste with स (सद्दहति) to. neficial believe in (with gen पुरिसत्तम पुरषो'] m best of object) mankind मद 4th c with u to err वाचाf speech, words resom the world तप (causal तापयति) to vex पाण [प्राण] m a creature. REA 7th c with fa to hurt ferram hell. घे[वै] meaningless particle सिक्य [शिक्ष] 1ste to learn सुभासित [°पित] ady well. नगुह लागृल] n the tail spoken, well-advised वंक विक्र] ady crooked A मय चे दीघायु पस्सेय्याम तस्स हत्ये हिन्देश्याम । २ तुम्हे स्वाक्खाते धम्मविनये पब्बजिता खमा च भवेय्याथ सोरता ध।३ केन नु खो उपायेन उपालि अम्हाक अञ्चयेन सुखं च जीवेय्य न ध किरमेय्य । ४ इमिना उपायेन इमे दारका न विनस्सेप्यु । ५ सचे सो युवा अन्लेहि युवानेहि सद्धिं अद्भुना गरछेय्य, किरन्नो न हुवेय्य । ६ अत्ता हि अत्तनो नत्थि, कुत्तो पुत्ता कुतो धन । ७ न च खुद्द समाचरे किचि येन विशू परे उपचदेव्यु । ८ वग्जु (= वदेय्यु an rregular form) वा ते न वा वज्जु, नत्यि नासाय रूहना । ९ कस्साय सा होति । सो तेन पुमुना आनीतो। न कशि सेय्य । १. यस्स पुमुनो दया नस्थि त बसलोऽति अवेय्याय । ११ तच्छका दारु नमयन्ति पण्डिता पन अत्तान नमयन्ति । १२ किलन्ता नरा उदक पिवेय्युऽति सेहिना तळाको कारापितो। अत्तनाऽव कत पाप। अत्तना सकिरिस्सति ।। न भने पापके मिते, न भजे पुरिमाधमे। भजेथ मित्ते कल्याणे, भजेथ पुरिसुत्तमे ।। तमेव वाच भासेय्य यायत्तान न तापये। परे च न विहिंसेय्य, सावे याचा सुभासिता॥ १४ १५ ·--$72] MASC MOUNS ENDING IN IN SANSKRIT the truth B1 (One) should speab only what ( a) 18 beneficial 2 I hope (exfee) you do not insult your master 3 IF You would live here, you would not get fruit and roots * If a young monkey were to deceive an old one, the old one would not believe the young fellow (use Gen 5 If you are a king s son, you may also become a king 6 Youths may err in this world 1 ll you would hurt creatures you will be bom in hell 8 Let young men abstain from killing and drinking 9 We will not abstain from 10 If they will spcak a well advised speech, learned men would praise them 11 I shall bring my son (Dat ) a book, so that (fa) he may learn 12 You may personally (Inst sing of 3ra) go to the Jetayaninonastery and invite the Blessed One 13 The tails of dogs are always (TT) crooked 14 Pity for the dog (use Loc) rose (TTT) in the mind of the man at the same moment 15 "Let no sinful qualities touch you and me !' said he LESSON XVI (सोळसमो पाठो) $72 Masculine Nouns ending in 7 in Sanskrit Vlang of the nouns ending in I in Sanskrit or in Pali are formed from verbs and they denote the doers of the actions indicated by the roots ed. मत्यु शास्त teacher , is formed from the root T77 Such nouns are taken directly from Sanskrit with modifications according to roles of change (lesson II) They are declined partly like farg and partly like the Corresponding Sanskrit nouns साधु [शास! the Teacher Sing Piu सध्या Acc Inst सरधारा, मथुना TUTTI, RYCH Dat Gen (सत्धु, साथुस्स FLYGTI Loc सस्थर Voc Cena to teach Nom सत्यार Ab) माथारो, सध्या माया, सत्या इमाथारेहि, साधारेनि साहि, मायूमि साधारान, साथान, FITTE माधार माधु स्थूसु GRYTET, ETT277 सस्थ, सप्था ·65 MANUAL OP PÅLI [574-- Sing The forms सस्था, साधु, सस्थरि etc. are from शाम्ना, शास्तु , शाम्नरि etc. Similarly decline यत्तु (कर) a doer, भत्तु (भर) 2 master, a husband, नेनु (नी) a leader, सोनु (सु} a hearer, भानु (या) one who knows, जेनु (जि) a conqueror, दातु (दा) adonor etc. [कन, भर्तृ, नेतृ, श्रोत, ज्ञात, जेत, दातृ]. The word नतु [नप्तृ} 'a grandson,' is declined like सस्थु $ 73. The words forces m. (a father) and Hram (a brother) [FOT, ETT) are somewhat declined like fry. पितु Pla Nom. Voc. पिता पितरो Acc पितर पितरो Inst पितरा, पितुना पितरेहि-भि Abl. पितरा इपिहि-भि इपितु, पितुस्स इपितरान, पितान Dat. Gen. पितून, पितुन Loc. पितरि पितरेसु,पितुम, पितूमु ॐ मातापितरो (parents) is declined like पितु but only in the plural number. $ 74, Feminine Nouns ending in in Sanskrit There are only two fem. nouns in Päli whose Sanskrit originals end in 7 They are Are (a mother) and ute or दुहितु (a daughter) [मातृ, दुहित]. They are declined partly like and partly like the Sanskrit nouns. मौतु Sing Plu Nom. Voc माता Acc. मातर मातरी Inst. Abl. मानुया, मातरा मातरेहि-भि माहि-भि Dat. Gen मानु, मातुया (मातरान, मातानं मात्ने मातरि मातुया मातरेसु, मातम Loc. मातुर्य माता, मातरी मातूमु ·--576] THE CONDITIONAL MOOD 69 1st per 2nd per 3rd per The Conditional Mood $ 75 The Conditional mood is used in those hypothetical sentences in which the nonperformance of action 13 implied "The action would have taken place, if the condition would have been fulfilled, which however was not done " The mood must be used in both the princ.- pal and subordinate clauses The following are the terminations of this mood Sing Pla इस्मरह इस्पथ इस्मसु * is optionally prefixed to the root as in the past tense (sce $63) The ending 31 of the base of a root is dropped before these terminations . पच+ इस्स-पचिस्य or अपचिम्म , but the instals of the terminations is dropped after t of the 10th con; and g or strh of the causal, ex चारे+म-चीरस्म or अचारेस्म Conjugate 97 to fill 1sic Sing Plu परिस्म, अपारिस्त परिस्साह, अफरिस्मम्ह परिम्म परिस्पथ, अफरिस्मथ अफरिस्स $76 The conditional forms of roots of the second conjugation are given belos -** ( to be ) and T (to go) have no conditional forms The prefix 37 is necessary in the case of g to be 1st per 2nd per 3rdper फरिस्ममु, अपरिस्पा to be Sing अहुविस्व 1st per 2nd per 3rd per Pla अहुविस्सम्ह अविसी, अहुविस्मसे अहुविसपथ सहुधिस्समु अहुविस्म ·70 AIANUAL OF PALI [876- 1st per. 2nd per. . prime of life to speak Prefis * is optional. Sing Pla अ-पविस्स अ-प्रविस्मरह ब-यविस्व अ-अविस्मथ 3rd per. अ-अविस्मंसु WORDS सद्दा जातिसम्पस adj. endorred मतत्त [मृता] n the state of with high birth being dead, i c death पारकm a protector, guar. दुलम दुर्लभ] ad, difficult to dian obtain पेच्च मस्य] Ind in the next ब्रह्मदम, राम, कोकारिक मुद्दोदन, world MATAHT names of mien पटमवय मिथमवयम् ] n the सेमा name of a roman पभाव []m poner, मोतापस min a person in strength the first stage of sancti. सोचितव्य [शोधितव्य] adjaed fication afrit f a sister वारपन adiend [ heard अन्नातु [शा] m FTTT (gerand of I) having understands मह Ist c with to bear अदिकुर a family of snakes भिगफ (भिक्ष] m a begear in ads friendly | गारप firm m respect दहद] ady bitten पy 1ste tokill नदापित (नापित)m a barber मिनेह ग्रह] n love. मंगाग (ग) m 34sociation, मग माग] n the path contact ICH) m 3 hener मगुरुगना दिमाय] the मंचा मामा imes middle of the sea HE दुग्गन (Tad roor देवर m the duune norts fmain ! कारntic indy भो, मtalaji भविग, भिय। murt दिना दिराममो पानीको मात्रा भपि। भाrs रनिगममाम माग गोवा मसियामानाना है thing one who nahorn ·the Teacher, was the grandson of King Suddhodana (Say 13. The jambu trees in the garden are (being) cut (down) ये, ओand वो, tand यि,उand gare interchangeable --576] THE CONDITIONAL MOOD सुर्व अनुभवन्ति । ५ यदि सो पठमध्ये पयजेय्य, सोतापलो भवेय्य । ६ अयं शलको मा मातरा या पितरा वा भातरा वा भगिनिया वा छडीयनु देसेतु सत्या धम्म, भविस्सन्ति धम्मस्स असतारोऽति अबोच ब्रह्मा ४ मचे मो भिक्षु इमानि अहिकुलानि मेतेन चित्तेन फरिस्स, यो अहिना दही न मरिस्म । ९ यदि तस्स नहापितस्य इमिना उपासकेन मद्धि समस्या न भविस्य, यमुद्दमजी येन* मस्सिस्म। १० सबै तय पिता न गरिस्स, वं दुगतान गविस्स । ११ यदि मे पादा मम सिंगेहि सदिमा अहुविसंमु न कोऽपि पाणी मया समो सुन्दरी अहुविस्म । १२ सऽ ग्रहदनो तस्मि काले गाम न गरिछस्म, सव्यं घर भगिना नस्सिस्स । १३ मातापितु पन में मतता भाना एव दुलभी, भातर मै रक्खथ, महाराज । १४ खेमाय भत्ता नस्सा भाता च सहायका होन्ति । १५ केन राम पभावेन सोचितव्य न सोचसि । पितरं कालकतं मुषा न त पसरहते दुबरक्ष । B, 1 He does not bear the pain of the death of his parents. 2. The teacher preaches the way (मग ) of deliverance (मिथ्यान) to the hearers. 3. If the beggar had not got food from the donor, he would have perushed today. 4. If our parents had been living (=would have lived), my brother would not have abandoned me. 5. O youths I Nourish your old parents with food and clothes. 6. Devadatta and Kokalika have no respect for the Teacher (use Loc.). 7. If there be a speaker, there will also be hearers of the Doctrine. 8. Rahula, sons Suddhodana-king), 9. If my horms had heen beautiful, I should have looked handsome, 10. If Ajātasattu hed not killed his father, he would have been a Sotāpanna. 11. Love for the daughter (Loc.) dwells in the mind of the l . g and (for recognition only). brother and ·72 MANUAL OP PALI [577-- by the hewers. 14 Mandhatu ascended to the divine world with his body 15. It is not proper (use वति, 5.27 for the hearers to insult (319fd) the speaker Thus LESSON XVII (सत्तरसमो पाठो) $77. Masculine Nouns ending in पन्त and मन्त वन्त and मन्त [वत्, मत् ] are possessive suffixes added to nouns to form adjectives and nouns वन्त 1s added after 37 Or 3 and the other after other vowels from कुल, फल, यस, धन, सील and पा ne get respectively- कुलवन्त born in a good family धनवन्त wealthy पलवन्त fruitfull सीलवन्त virtuous यसवन्त successful पञ्चावन्तintelligent,clever. From सति, जुति, चक्षु and हेतु we get सतिमन्त possessed of recollection, alert जुतिमन्त full of splendour चक्नुमन्त has ing eyes re insight हेतुमन्त having a cause, causal. . These nouns (or adjectives used as nouns) are declin 111-7.hanmand disanalfamen online with modifi ecline भगवन्त Nom Acc Inst. Dat Gen. Abl भगवन्त [भगवत्] Sing Plu भगवन्तो, भगवा भगवन्ता, भगवन्तो भगवन्त, भगवं भगवन्ते भगवन्तेन, भगवता भगवन्तेहि-भि भगवन्तस्स, भगवती भगवन्तान, भगवत भगवन्ता,भगवन्तस्मा म्हा भगवन्तेहि-भि भगवता भगवन्ते, भगवन्तस्मि { भगवन्ताह, भगवति भगवन्तेसु भगवन्न, भगवन्ता भगवन्ता, भगवन्तो भगवा, भगवं and Loc Voc ·-801 मन्त toमती or मन्ती The feminine forms of कुमवन्त, मतिमन्न, भगवन्त are कुलवती (चन्नी), सतिमती (मन्ती), and भगवती वन्ती) महन्त has महनी or महन्ती 25the feminine $80 Irregularities in the First Conjugation (a) TT (to go) is necessarily changed to TED in the Present, imperative and Potential and optionally in other places in the Past tense te has a large number of forms Take Thas the base and add the first set with a NOUNS ENDING IN AND HER 73 EFThe irregular forms भगवा, भगवता, भगवतो, and भगवति of the singular, and art and area of the plural are from Sanskrit भावान , भगवना, भगवत भगवति, भगवन्त und भगवताम् respectively. . Similarly dechne महन्त [महत्] great, अरहन्त a person in the last stage of sanctification, an arahat, fengna the Himalaya mountain etc $78 Neuter Nouns ending in Ta and 477 Neuter nouns or adjectives ending in Tor Fre are declined like the corresponding masculine substantives from the Instrumental to the Locative The other forms are as those given below যুগান্য n virtuous Sing Pla गुणवन्त, गुणवं गुणवन्ना, गुणवन्तानि lamanna Acc गुणवन्ते, "चन्तानि, वन्ति गुणवन्ना, गुणरतानि Voc गुणवन्त, गुण guretat E The form गुणवं 1s front Sanskrit गुणवन गुणवन्नि 19 itself a Sanskrit form $79 The feminine forms of substantx es ending in यन्त and मन्त are formed by cinnging यन्त to वती or वन्नी and respectively These substantses are declined like ETRI (533) Nom Optional ·74 MANUAL OF PÅLI [ $ 80- 1st per 2nd per 3rd per. Similarly take to as the base and add the first set with optional Take it as the base and add the second set with * necessarily 3rd pl THE (In addition the following irregular forms occur, which should be recognised ] Sing Pla अग, अगमा अगुम्ह अगा, अगमा अगुस्थ अगा, अगमा अगु (b) ET (to stand) As this root comes from FT, 1t 15 changed to ST when preceded by a vonel It has to bases IT and fag The latter is used in all tenses and moods, while IT is used in the Present, Imperatic and Potential when it is preceded by an upasagga The base ठह (or Bह after vowels as उपहहति, but मंठहति) is used only when the root is preceded by an upasagga In the past tense tale faz as the base and add the first set, and take it as the base and add the second sct wath necessary 3rd per sing a faft, ETA, plural अतिहिमु अति? भटुंमु If the root 18 preceded by an upasagga there will be an additional base ZE (6) with the first set and X optional 3rd per sing MET 18 also scen. In the future the forms ठरमामि, उस्म, टस्पाम, found in addition to the regular ones (c) The root TT 18 clanged to t shen proccded by an upasagga, es fa + UT (to sbur) far as the basc It is changed to #1 in the passic, eg findrat (us si ut) (d) Ihe root (to kill) has as its form of the 3rd per sing present tena (e) The roots (10 dic) and FIT (to grow old, decay) are sometimes clunged to face or ata formal and Parent or frå (1 or recognition only) टम्पमि etc arc ·-1803 IRREGULARITIES IN COVJUCATIOY 75 दोस दोप] m a fault पारिमन्तmin sinful येन तेन towards क कम sth उप+सं to approach उपसमिरवा { gerund of उप + स+कम ), having approa Ched गाथा / stanza भास Iste with अघि to address वहste to bear, carry धागान्त श्यागवत् ] min charitable मिरी श्री] | Wealth, for- WORDS 7981 धनुदिसा at the four sides सेव्यथाऽपि, सेग्यथा नया) and. as it vero अग्गिबन्ध [अग्निसन्ध] m column of fire भिक्खुमधपुरमसनो (भिश्तूने संघन gorraatad, surrounded by the assembly of monks नद 1stc to roar अपास्त [अप्रावृत] throrn open अमत [भगन, the mortal state, nbbana द्वारnadoor imtune विपुल ady abundant, plenti- } सौत [भातम् ] n the ear ful ya 7th c with 4 to give वण्णवन्त [वर्णन I m f. vent to beautiful, handsome दुइण दुर्वर्ण] ady ugly respect, , अन्धady blind सुधिमन्त ! सुचिमत् ] aty pure, really, verily, Esad's better narned, called, at all 7 with 74 to senie name of सस्कार सवार honour नाम nd शा अनाथपिपिद्धक m man सेट्टी [श्रेटिन] m a banker, 1 merchant m the Himalayas हिमवन्त महाराज पचय प्रत्यय ma requisite मलm name ofotlan Ist c with fa to burg थप स्तूिप) m adagoba कच्छपmatortoise आकास m the aor खणखणे esern moment तदनन्तर,पया nd and then One of the four guardian gods अभिवादेवा (Terand of cous अभिदि),hasing greeted ·76 MANUAL OF PĀLI [$80- A १ दहरा पक्खी पावन्तो जुतिमन्तो च सन्ति । २ योधम्मो भगवता देसीयने त चाम्लुमन्ता अनुसरन्तु । ३ सीलवन्तियो पुजवन्तियो गुणवन्तियो च इथियो पापक वचन न ग्रुवन्ति। ५ सीलवन्तेसु भिक्खुम दोसा न दिस्सन्ति । ५ अथ खो मारो पापिमा येम भगवा तेनुपसङ्कमि, उपसमित्वा भगवन्त गाथाय अझभासि। ६ बलवन्तोऽव गावी इम भार वहेय्यु । ७ चागवति पुरिसे सिरी विपुला भवति। ८ यदा वणवा मोरो यावरमागमा तदा काक्स्स सक्कारो अहायिस्थ । ९ कम्म नाम एव फलव होति यथा बोधि सत्तस्स।१० सावस्थिय अनाथपिण्डिको नाम सेट्ठी अहोसि कुल वा, धनधा, यसवा च । ११ मरिया एनश्स्स होति वण्णवती कुलवती सीलवती ।।१२ हिमवति महतो रक्खस्स मूले ते सन्वे अरहन्तो निसीदिसु । १३ चत्तारो महा- राजा भगवन्त अभिवादेत्या चतुद्दिसा अहसु,सेव्यथाऽपि महन्ता अग्गिखन्धा। १४ भगवा च तम्हि समये । भिक्खुसङ्घपुरक्खतो। मिक्सून धम्म देसेति । सोहोऽव मदति वने ॥ १५ अपारतर तेस अमतस्स द्वारा।ये सोतवन्तो पमुशन्तु सद्ध । B1 The Blessed One surrounded with a great multitude of the monks entered Rājagaha 2 The wise men follow the advice of the virtuous 3 I saw a strong youth on the bank of the Acravati river 4 You insulted the beautiful woman without cause 5 Some (एकत्ये) men not deceive me, (who am a) man ot of good character 9 The king of Kosambi started with a great army sith his face towards Benares 10 A pure mind is better than a strong body or a hear of gold 13 He constantly served the Assembly with the four requisites 12 The Mallas nill bury the tooth of the Lord (भगवन्त) in the dagoba 13 The tortoise, I hope, would shut its mouth (u ben it would be) in the air 14 "There is (ग) danger in this place," informed the maidservants to the linge daughter 15 The life of a being decaya cicry moment and then he dies ·stealing The termination comes from the Sanskrit termination of the Parasmaipada, while मान, the takccither termination infall, though अन्त Ismore usual -5813 THE PRESENT PARTICIPLE 77 LESSON VXIII (अद्वारसमो पाठो) 181 Present Participles in अन्त The present participles of scsbs are generally formed by adding *-* to the conjugational base of the verbseg यद iste बद + अन्त-वदन्त speaking गा4the गाय + अन्त गायन्त singing र 10th : चारे + अन्त or चोरय + अन्त - चारेन्त or धारयन्त, The present participles in * are declined llc TOTIAT (977) except in the Nom , Acc and loc cases Let us take गच्छन्त - गच्छन्तmastgoing Sing Plu Nom गग्छन्तो, गरछ गरमन्ना, गरदन्ती Acc गरयन्ते Voc गरहन्त, गच्छ गरचन्ता गरदनी Restlike भगवन्त गरछन्त neater Sing Plu इगरउन्ना, गरदन्तानि, गर गधन्त गच्छन्ति Acc गरदस्त गध्धन्ते, "नानि, 'न्ति Voc गराई, गन्त गन्ता, न्नानि, नित The feminine terminations for forming present partia ciples are si or अन्ती, पदती or पदन्ती speaking, मान or गायन्नी singing चोरेती, घोरेल्ती, धारयती, धारयन्नी stealing Decline these words like grei (535) 382 Present Participles in मान . Nom Atmancpadi termination is also used in Pali A root mar ·583 78 MANUAL OF PALI [582- ATT is not used after bases not ending in 37, e g it cannot be used after ait of the 10th c or TT of the causal. वद 1st c-बदमान speaking वद+य of the passive + मान = वद् + य + मान = वजमान being spoken (passive present participle) गा to sing-~passive base गीय+मान-गीयमान being sung चुर-चोरयमान stealing (not चोरेमान) Passive चोरियमान being stolen Decline present participles in Ara like Ta in the masc, फल in the neuter and का in the feminine मान becomes माना in the fem The present participles of अस (to be are सन्त and समान सन्त (being) has the additional sense of good' or 'agood person' In this sense in addition to सन्तेहि-भि, It has the form सभि (सभिर् before vowels, Sk सद्धि) Feminine पती or सन्ती like दासी Decline समान like कजा हु (to be), Pres participle होन्त only Nom Sing होन्ती (m), होन्त (n) हाती, होन्ती (1) The pres part of भू (to be) 1s भवन्त orभीन्न In addi tion to its usual sense, it is used as a pronoun showing respect, translatable by "your reverence", "your lord- (lady ship" etc Decline ora in these senses भवन्त sir, your reverence Sing Pla Nom भर्व, भवन्ती भवन्ता, भवन्ती, मोन्तो Acc भवन्त, भोन्त भवन्ते, भोन्ते Voc भीन्त, भन्ते भवन्ता,न्तो, भोन्तो, भन्ते The rest like भगवन्त The feminine rat (your lady ship, madam)is declined regularly libe grant ·and case, The bases are the same as in the present The 2nd p. sing of दाददाहि, दद or दहि, of हा 15 जहाहि सदा - $851 ABSOLUTE CONSTRUCTIONS 79 at, pres part of 977€, is used in the sense of an a rahat (one in the last stage of sanctification) Nom Sing अरहा, अरह, अरहन्तो 'The rest like भगवन्त $84 Absolute Constructions When there are ts o actions performed simultaneously by two agents, the verb showing one of the actions is turned into a participle, when the subject of the participle is put into the genitive or Jocative case, and the participle is made to agree with it in gender, number eg ब्रह्मदचे रज्ज कारेन्ते or ब्रह्मदत्तस्स रन कारेन्तस्स while Brabmadatta was ruling (a) When contempt, disregard or contrast is to be shown, the Gen Absolute is used, as Terra foi of the father renunciated in spite of the child's weepung, पस्सनो आचरियम though the teacher was looking (b) Sometimes the word agreeing with the participle is an indeclinable, ed un frat, set for this being the case, under these circumstances ou get this being said $85 The Third Conjugation There are only three roots of the third conjugation, at to give, Et to abandon, and to sacrifice The Present दा-The hase 1s देor ददा In addition in the Ist the forms arin and are seen in the sing, and plural respectively 1st p : ददामि, देमि, दम्मि , 3rd p ol ददन्ति दान्त हा--जहा 1s the base जहामि, जहन्ति हु-जुही is the base होमि, जुहान्ति The Imperative 19 जुहोहि or जह, person ·80 MANUAL OF PÅLI F%85- The Future दा Take दद as the base and add the terminations ददि. स्सामि etc Add the following 1st per दस्सामि,दसं, दस्माम 2nd per दस्ससि, दस्मथ 3rd per दस्सति, दस्सन्ति हा and हु-- bases जह and जुह The Potential दा-दद is the base दन (ist p sing) दरजा (3rd P sing) and T (3rd p pla ) are irregular forms from Sanskrit ET and --Bases he and he The Conditional 1 is the base with st optional Add the following forms TI, BEERTE etc (24 necessary) हा and हु-bases जह and जुह 31 optional The Past Tense 1-Take as the base with optional and treat like a root of the 1st c Add TETA, state, sera mertarrer, अदासि अदा, अदसु ET-Take 1 with optional and add 1st set -Take & 11th 3 optional and add 1st set WORDS STET वध m sentence of death, 1 अपुन्ज [ण्य] n demerit Inurder सम्मासबुद्ध [सम्यक्] m the at with 3 to lead Highly Enlightened one Bitap (370) ad not a भिक्खा [भिक्षा] falms little alt ma sensual pleasure 77 1958] m a ram लप 1st वि+4 Hafa (wafaj mi thunder. (faceta) to prate, to bolt अन्तरायman obstacle पुरn a city कम 1st Chuth अति (अति Fifa) to pass away नमस्प 1ste to bon Iste with to produce, Tumar f goodness right c with rate to create eousncss .

·अन धन जीषित चापि सम्बाबजे नराधासमनुस्मरन्तो।। --585] आस 1st e with स to asw Sociate कुन्देय pot 3rd sing of कर to do सायद सम्नव] a friendship मनिवास m society धन चजे यो पन अहेतु । अङ्ग बजे जीवित रश्नमानी। 81 Ajackal roaming(विचर) at will fell intoamell 2 I say many men carrying burdens on their heads (ose Instr Strag) 3 When the king was saying these nords Queen Mialibā ga,e the clothes to the beggar (Dat) 4 If int gnes (Loc absolute) the ploughsbares, THE 3RD CONJUGATION 81 पार m ploughshare मृसिक भूपक] m a mouse पटिमा प्रतिज्ञा promise बुमुक्विन क्षित] edy hungry पिपासित ady thirsty घटm a pot जल [ज्वल Istc math प (पालति) to blaze इद्धि [मदि]f glory अर्थ गम [अस्त गम्] to set केळिमण्डल (केलि । playground १ अहसासु खो ते पच्चजिता ते चोरे वधाय ओनीयमाने। २ भगवति ते यत्यजिसे अनापक दुक्स अहासि । ३ एके तिण खादन्ते नस्म उपरि असनि पति । ४ एव सन्ते अन्तरायो मे भवेश्य। ५ गावेसु अद्धना चरन्तेसु रति अतिकमि । ६ ओवदतो वुद्धस्म लोको पाप आचरति । । पस्मतऽपि देवान मनुस्पा अपुञ्ज पसवन्ति 1 ८ नमी तप भगरतो अरहतो सम्मासम्बुद्धस्स । भिश्व मे देहि मोति । १० सचे सो कामे अय्य अरहाऽपि हुघेटय । ॥ मगन गई थेरो बहुपो इथियो भद्दस, एक्या एकवा नचन्तियो एकच्चा च विपल्पन्नियो। १२ सचे यम हृदय मम सन्ति के अहुबिस्स, अह तुम्ह त अदम्स । १३ सो अह विचरिस्सामि गामा गाम पुरा पुर। नमस्पमानो सम्बुद्ध धम्मस्स च सुधम्मत । १५ मभिरेव समासेश सस्मि बुब्बेथ सन्थन । सत दिसनिवासेन सोस्थि गच्छति नहापितो।। यो पन rather than 8PXn limb Et ind for the purpose of. सिगाल (Vl ma sackal यथासुग्व and at will 1977 m a merchant A गापन्तियो .

·82 MANUAL OF PXLI [ $86- the mice will not eat the child 5 I may even abandon my kingdom but not the promise 6 Let us give corn to the hungry and water to the thirsty 7. While the Blessed One was living, the honour of the Assembly increased 8 The spomen are going ( =go) to the Ganges and bringing (=bring) water in (their) pots (Instr) 9 Who is it blaz ing with glory that salutes my feet? 10 Under theat circumstances, I shall not gre you a single lahāpati? 11 If rain (ĉa) did not fall (at ase Loc absolute), the ancient lings used to sacrifice (Pres tense) 12 While hc was taking ( 7th c) his meal (***), they ferched (167) him water 13 Candagutua sent to the monastery when the cons were being milled I shall not tell a lic although the thunderbolt were falling on my head 15 The sun ser while even (7) they were sporting (aftas) in the playground LESSON XIX (एएनवीमतिमो पाठो) The Causal $86. The causal base of a root is formed by adding a or TTF to it, the signs being optionally changed to to? 372,cg aft, TTg vaf« causes (somconc clsc) 1080 (c) Roots ending in N, ST and those of the 10th con •ntronh आपy for भाषे), दापय दाप from al bascs ..: पन पातयनि, पानि 3 1 (6) Roots ending in and 3 (both short of long) take ** (oro) Bath ruddls of the ending oncl. & tol cas 4 #19 thc usc. (c) Roots of the 1st, 4th and 7th conjugations what do not end in HT, 5, JOS J, take all the terminations with clanges of the penultimate socl similar to those it ilc 10th conjuration ·-889] THE CAUSAL 83 रापय-पे (d) Some roots change their meaning in the causal form Root Mcaning Causal base Meaning प+कुस to call पत्रकोसापे-पय to send for to do कारय-रे- to construct, build आ+गम to come आगमय में to wait for टा to stand उपय-पे to keep प+त्रा to know to arrange (seats) दिस to see to show to bc to cultivate मर to die या to go यापय-पे to be supported हम to assassinate वद to speak वादय-दे to play upon 587 If a causal verb has tuo objects, the personal object is put either in the Ace or the Instr and the im. personal object only in the Acc g आचरियो अन्तेवामिक lor aradarfatna) TI (only Acc ) Ararata the teacher causes the pupil to hear the Doctrine मामी दाम (दासेन) गाम गमयति। पजापय-पे दस्मय-स्से भरवय-वे मारय रे to kili to kill घातय ते ne way आपर Sarne अय or पीय) ooked, .. g नापीयति is made to be given , भोजीयामि am fed , हारियसे art Caused to be carried, etc 889 Denominative Verbs Verbs are often formed by adding causal signs to substatives, eg Subst पम्बत धन पुत्त तण्डा मेस Meaning amountain riches a son craving love strong Verb पब्बताय धनय पुलिय तण्हाय मेनाथ दबहय Meaning act like a mountain wish for riches treat as a son to craie to lose to strengthen ·8+ MANUAL OF PALI 1990- $90 The Fifth Conjugation There are very fer roots in this conjugation The sign of this class is 27 (T) or (it), but the bases are taken directly from Sanskrit with modifications 114 with to get, obtain In the Pres and Imper, the bases are पप्पो and पापुणा, as पप्पोमि, पापुणामि . पप्पोन्ति, पापुणन्ति Imp 2nd per Sng पप्पोहि, पापुणाहि, पापुण In the Potential, Future, Past and Conditional the base is argor only, as guizat etc 297 (! 'to be able'. In the Pres and Imper, the bases are सक्को and मस्कुणा Elses here they are सक्ष and सण , as Fut 3rd per Sing. सक्खिस्सति, सक्कुणिस्मति fe 'to go' and I 'to restrain' have the bases ferre and guit in the Pres and Imper and for and gu eisen here respectively y] 'to hear' is changed to the after you cls In the Pres and Imper. the bases are FI and Imper, 2nd per Sing it, quilfe, go Pot and Conditional, In the Conditional, if * 18 prefixed the base becomes अस्पुण , 3rd per Sing सुणिस्म or असुणिम्म In the Past, take yo as the base, 8 optional and add 1st set, and take rent as the base and add 2nd set 3rd Per Sung मुणि, अस्सुणि, भस्मोसि In the Future, take qoy and as the bases. After 77 omit the init131 of the terminations, eg STPOTETITA, मुणिम्म, मोस्पामि, मास्म etc $91. Neuter Nouns ending in in Sanskrit These are declined like my with the addition of a few forms from Sanskrit मन मनम् ], the mind Nom & Acc Sing Inst Ab मनमा Dat Gen Loc मनमि 54 1s the base मनोमन) 91 (79) +1 ·-191) RETR, Half universal friend. THE 5TH COVJUGATION 85 The forms given above are in addition to the regular forms and they are only in the Singular Decline the following nouns like # मन, सिर, उर, तेज । रज, ओज, वय, पय ॥ यस, तप, बच, घेत । एवमादि मनांगणा ।। जासये सरो होती । आयो लोहे (आ) युनो खये ॥ for the head , IT the breast, àa lustre, 17 dust, pollution, is valour, age, 47 milk, water, of glory, pomp, a penance, 99 speech, words, da mind, at a lake (not an arrow), 3* iron, death Add the foot WORDS NET et ma the world, a world | grafata m name of a Pula अपरिमाण ady infinite book erar m house-hold life पोसm a man दिस Iste with # (मम्पस्सति) Antif, a drum to understand eu ( stef} m advantage, Am a servant, a slave profit a with 1 to remove *** (72) adı pleasant PTATT [#FITIC) adı yellos ETT (] ad, fearned 101 c with TT (arzièlà) (men) संघरn restraint उदपान Manell Nind good, weli Ara (alias) ind soon, quich-ATTU (27) ind where ly ********* istc with 7 to over- जीचितवजय पापय to destroy the hie of यलिm tnbute shup atou lute Arsy ma pandal to cover everym a crab come Er 3rd c to pay मगधm STT m the marriage (of a pl name of a country সনামন বিবি, কী names of men TT) R a chapter son) महा, पिङ्गला names of women ·56 MANUAL OF PALI 1691-- चार m.. गन्ध m. a perfume, an un पापय, आलेपय) to besmear. guent, उम्मार m.a threshold. थेन [स्तेन] m. a thief. | दुम्मेध [दुर्मध] adj. dull, a dull रक्सम राक्षम] m., यम "क्ष] m. fellow, a demon, वारणिf.nine. यस causal with नि to hear, सेह। श्रेष्ट ] adi. greatest. to cause to wear. विचार m. a thought. लिप 7the.mith आ {cars.भालि. रचि. love. A. मथलोकस्मि अपरिमाण मेस भाव। २का पादन पुरिमं मम सन्तिक पहोगापेसि। ३ एकाचे भेरि पादेन्नि, एका भासनानि पन्नापेन्ति, एकाधे मापं कारेन्ति। ४ राजा भिशानं दानं दामि सेहिना। ५ माता पुतं भागमेन्ली यागु भसं घ पाचापेरमति सामिना दामो माt हारापीयते । एवं मामणेरं पम्यानेस्याय-पटर्म केमे ओहाराग्याय, कामा. यानि यापानि भष्टादापण्याय, भिातून पपादयन्दारयाप । म कोरि पिपामिनो उदपान पणापेनि पुमुश्मिा पाग कगारेशि । १ मे तो पुरिमा महति सिरिमीपं पापुणिमु । 1 फरको भाद, पंचवमरणिम उदिस्ममि, अहंत जीवितश्पयंपास्यामाऽतिtmमगधानं राजा अमातम भत्सना पितरं विम्बिमारं पातेगि। १२ मा भन्ने हलो गल्ति, एकंपन गुन में गापय दीपनि रायम्हा । किनु गौ मक्षिणायमि त्वं परापासंग। १४ मम्मा लिपतितो पायो। परमं भायमानो। विहारे कार रमे। पामपेप' महो। १५ बापम परी माशु, पपमा गा गंपरी। मनमा मंपरी माधु, माशु गम्याप पर्ग B. 1. Overcome your chemics and make them (Ave. or Inst.) par jour (De) shute... le causes a large .... worruptirgamith HEMAINALIre..... kingid, "Send for the threlated matchmtelltinine - ·-921 NEUT, NOUNS ENDING IN IN SK 87 ? The demons made the king near a garment and caused him to be besmeared with unguents 8 Pingalā, the maidservant, waiting for the man, fell asleep on her threshold 9 Bad men make the good commit () sins 10 Salute the teacher with (your bent) head and make him hear your lesson 11 A dull fellow makes (one) to lose (ET) the profit as reas (did the) wine 12 The Buddha became the greatest man in the world by his valour, lustre, glory and penance 13 A thought came ferrufe) in his mind, while she was playing upon the lute, 14 Don't kill me, I'll show you the lake 15 The elder created (5+ Te caus) in the merchant's mind a love for the Doctrine (Loc) LESSON Xx (चीसतिमो पाठो) $92 The Eighth Conjugation The sign of the 8th conj is *, ghich is dropped before the terminations of the Potential, Future and Con ditional The roots of the con; are as to expand and a to do तन-Pres 3rd, तनोति Imp 2nds तनोहि, 79 Pot 2nd at# Fut 3rd : afrafat Cond 3rd pf 3 (optional) सनिस्ममु Past 3rd: तनि, अतनि 97--Pres and Imper #77 is the base Imp 2nds In the Future, Potential and Conditionat, take pas the base करिस्मामि, करेय्य etc The past.-FT, FF and 977 are the bases with some irregular forms Sing Ply 1st per Hit, Brat अ-करि, अकामि, (8-17, अकासि, अका करोहि, कर अका 2nd per 3rd per अ-परिम्ह, अकासिम्ह अ-करिष्य, अकासिाथ {अ-करिग, भ-कर, ·88 MANUAL OF PALI [592- .. [ Recognise the following forms of FT. The base of the root is sometimes taken as , from Sanskrit , and sometimes as काह and कयिर; e.g. कुब्बति, काहति, कपिरति. The substitutes कयिरा and कयिराथ for करेय्य and करेग्याथ are often met in poetry.) $93. The Ninth Conjugation The sign TT is affixed to the following roots, whose bases are given in brackets. अस (अस्ना) to eat चि (चिना) to collect जि (जिना) to conquer मा (जाना) to know धु (धुना) to shake पु (पुना) to purify मि (मिना) to measure लु (लुना) to cut णा is added to गह (गण्हा) to take, catch, hold; की (किणा, and after vowels feforr) to buy ; #it with fè (fa lepotr) to sell. The ending 3 in af or or is dropped before terminations beginning with vowels, e. g. अस्नन्नि, जानन्तु, गहिस्सामि, अगम्हि, किणि or अकिणि etc. The root = has the following additional forms like दा-Future अस्सामि, अस्सं ; अस्माम etc. Past अशामि; अजासिम्हा अन्मासि etc. The Numerals $94. The numerals are as follows: Cardinals Ordinals १ एक one पठम first २ द्वि two etc. दुतिय second etc. ततिय चतुस्थ ५प छह, उद्यम ७सत्त ४ चतु (चतुर) ६ छ (5) सत्तम ९नव नवम दमम ·THE NUMERALS Add # to the cardinals for masc and neut ordinals, add for fem forms as एकादसमो, एकादमी, एकादमर्म (elesenth) The declension of the numerals from to अद्यारस 18 already gnen ($$25,30,34,40,49,55). The singular number and feminine gender only, whatever be 89 -595] "एकादम are declined in the १२ द्वादम, यारस १३ तेरम, तेळस १४ चतुद्दम, चुद्दम, चोहम १५पनदस, पण्णरस १६ सोळस १७ सत्तदस, सत्तरस १८ अहाद(र)म १९ एकूनवीसति, चीसा २० वीमति, वीसा २१ एकनासति, एपीसा २२ द्वा-यावीसति-वीमा २३ तेवीसति वीसा २४ चतुवीमति वीसा २५ पञ्चतीसति वीसा २६ छ बीमति [पड्विंशति ] बीमा २७ मत्तीसति वीसा २८ अट्ठीसति वीमा २९ एकूनतिसति तिमा ३० तिमति निसा ३२ दुबत्तिमति तिमा ४० चत्ताळीमति, चत्ताळीसा ५. पन्जासति, पनामा ६० सहि ७० सत्तति ८. असीति ८२ द्वासाति ९० नवुति ९९ नवनवुति 895 The ordinals of these numerals are formed by adding म (mn) and मी (1) to the forms ending in E, as वीसतिम (m n ), वीमतिमी (f) 'twentieth' etc Or add # to forms ending in 371, after changing T to ar eg वामम (mn) वीममी (1) Decline the ordinals like युद्ध m, फलn and दासी numerals from एकनवर्यासति to नवनवुति The case only the gender of the substantise qualified ·90 MIANUAL OF PILI [595- परेहि etc . must agree, as चतुचत्ताळीसति ब्राह्मणा, तेर्तिसाय इाधीसु, नवनवुतिया The ordinals are honever treated as ordinary adjectives 596 सत (hundred) and सहस्स (thousand) may either be used in the neuter gender, in the singular number agreeing only in case with the qualified substantive or as ordinary adjectives agreeing in all respects, eg सत, सता इस्थियो, सतेन कहापणेहि or सतेहि कहापणेहि For multiples of FT and a prefix the word indı cating the muliplicator and treat the compound as an adjective, as अहसता माणवका (boys, pupils), सतमहस्सानि सुत्तानि etc मत । सहस्सn, and कोरि/ a crore), may also be used as the last members of estatghth compounds as इस्थिसत, कहापणसतेन, अट्ट माणवकसतानि, मत सुत्तपहस्सानि etc कोटि (a crore) should be used like वीसति 597 The numerals may also be prefixed to the qua lified substantives forming Dvigu compounds, as पंच अगीन (=पचगानि) the five limbs, दस सीलानि= दससीलानि the ten commandments etc A noun in the Dvigu compound is sometimes treated as neuter singular This species is called समाहारद्विगु, पचा अंगान समाहारी पंचंग n, दसनं सीरानं समाहारोदससील Similarly तिरोक तिरतन, चतुसञ्च, पचगव, नवसत etc 598 (a) Multiplicative adverbs are formed by adding खतुं [कृत्व ] to the numerals in the sense of so many times, eg द्विक्खतुं twice, सतक्खतुं hundred times ete क्खन is not added to एक The word for 'once' 18 सक्दा or सकि Mark सकि+ =सक्देिव [ ] only once (6) Suffix 91 may be used after numerals in the sense of ways, times, fold etc Otu once , aut in tho, of two hinds, निधा In thr ways, of three kinds, in three parts or pieces etc (c) मो [श ] is a distributve adverbal suffix , एकसो one by one, सतसो by hundreds, यहुसा n numbers as , ·--$991 after numerals मुलुन्गुण etc sense, as datas (each one), Arere fart (30 cach), FETGT 177, YEE ETotal duiding into five parts cach etc EP Compare Dr Bhandarkar s second booh of Sanskrit, lesson 17, for the etymology of the numerals which has THE NUMERALS 91 $9 (a) Ttm n (999/) is an adsectival suffix used Like other adjectives it can be used ad- Verbrally by the addition of B, दयगुण tenfold तिगुण, (6) A person's age is expressed hy using a Bahubbıhı compound धत्तारि यम्सानि यस्म मो-चतुपस्सिकोm fouryears old, चतुवस्सिकी सत्तमासिको m seven months old सतर्यालको (c) ** (] is added in the sens of 'only' 'as many as" to numerals, turning them into adjectives, eagus सत्तिया only four shattiyas दसमत्तासु तारकासु in as many as (d) Any number plus onehalf is expressed by prefix ing to the consecutive higher number - अट्टतेरस is tuch c and a half अद्वादस is 11, भसत But faze mgfart and More respectively stand for 15, 2 and 3; Compare the corresponding Indian terms le) A numeral 19 repeated to give it the distributie 1 hundred years old ton stars, etc 29 993 been avoided here for want of space WORDS 461 मनभिसित्त अन् + अभिषिक्त] ody un crowned there to rule the kingdom रजाभिसेक राज्याभिषेक! m coronation lan name of a lake दह दिह]malako कारm a carrying pole, 'pingo IT of chief * 7thc with sfit to enjoy. 472 ( gerend of a f), having lived to use ·92 MANUAL OF PALI [599- stanza n अन्त m कुसिनारा, विदिसाf names of ओरसपुत्तभाव [औरसपुन] m the towns position of a true son वेसाखपुण्णमा [वशाखपौर्णिमा] the अनाथपदसंहित ady full of full moon day of the meaningless words month Vaishākha गाथापद a word from a निबुत निवृत] p p entered सेय्यो [श्रेय ] and better Nirvāna सम 4thc with 4 to be TAFE ad, eminent, principacified, calmed pal पुनप्पुन [पुन पुन ind again गम with स+ आ to assemble and again त्रिपिटक name of the Pall अह [अहन् ] naday canon भव m existence (in differ जातकn a birth story of ent worlds) Buddha वग्ग [वर्ग] m a volume, a part ली 4th c nath नि to perch, जीविता ओ (वा) रापय to slay, to lie to deprive of life 1s added to some पदn the letter nouns without affecting , अरथ [ अर्थ ] m the meaning their sense like क, सुत्तमेव निक्ख [निष्क] m a gold coin सुत्तन्तो आपणिक m a shopkeeper सयुत्तसङ्गह m , दीघनिकाय m ,सुत्त गाहक [ग्रा] m a customer निपात m names of Books काम m apassion वेरभय mpl enmity and fear दह [दृढम् ] ind firmly सम caus to pacify, to calm अळmaclaw १ सनमे दिवसे भगवा अड्दतेळसहि भिक्खुसतेहि सह राजगह पाविसि । २ असाको चत्तारि वस्सानि अनभिसित्तोऽव रज कारेसि, चतुल घस्सा अञ्चयेन पञ्चमे च वस्से रजाभिसेक पापुणि। ३ तदा तथागतस्स निब्वाणतो द्विन्न वस्ससतान उपरि अहारसम वस्स अहोसि । ४ असोकस्म अस्थाय अनोतत्तदहतो अहहि काजेहि सोळम पानायघटे दिवसे दिवसे देवता आहरन्ति । ६ द्व घटे अग्गमहेसिया अदासि चत्तारो व अत्तना परिभुजि। ६ भगवा चतुरासोति वस्मानि टवा कुसिनाराय घेसारखपुण्णमाय निबुतो । ७ तम्हि समये सत्त सतसहस्सानि पामोविभिखयो तत्थ समामि । ८ मिपिटकरिंम पञ्च जातस्पतानि चतुचसाळीसा ध जातकानि सन्ति ।

·Duration of tumEBdchoted bytheiccdsstire cele १० Nineteen and a half, After forty five treuth day, Seventeen times, In trenty pieces Jears Lighty fous cities, llith ninetyfise ships, The -1991 TEIE NUMERALS 93 ९ ककस्मि रश्ये भासति पासति सणाऽनि धीमनिया रक्सु मापदम चिरीथि। सच मुत्तसहस्पानि मन मुतसतानि च। द्वासहि घेर सुत्तन्तर सो मयुरासकहो।। ११ वैरभयानि समयते करोति नाथस्य ओरमपुनभाई । अम्जेच-अनेकमते आभिमसे ददाति माणमिद ॥ १२ सहस्समापि चे गाथा अनत्यपदमहिना । एक गाथापद सेयी य सुत्वा उपसम्मति १३ पुष चे पुरिमा कपिरा, कथिराधेत पुनप्युन । Name and dissolve the compounds --सत्ताह, द्विरा, तिभवा, चतुर्दिसा, पशिन्द्रियानि, चतुमतानि, मकटमत्तेहि and दमयानि B 1 The doctor asked (UTE) me, "Tale thrs medicine for forty-two days 2 I learned thirteen Bultas of the Dighanikāya, three vaggas of the Suttanipāta and sixtyfit e Jatakas under (afat) my teacher , There are three vaggas in the Dighanılāya which contain (en Khich are thirty four suttas 4 The inch merchant had got eightyfour crores of scalth and ten thousanu 5 Asoka returned to Pitalıputra and slex his ninety-nme brothers s2ing alive (agar) only one 6 Preach me the Doctrine, I shall knox the letter and 7 The merchant sells serenty one horses for seventy thousand miles measures the oil and ghee and sells them to the customers 9 (One) should know the four Truths, should perform (कर) ments and conquer one's passions (re) you firmly by my cians and slay you Express in Pali in all the possible ways --Forbixteen Lahāpaņas ( hundred men cows the meaning 8 The shopheeper 10 I shall catch ·9+ MANUAL OF PÅLI [ $100 LESSON XXI (एकवीसतिमो पाठो) The Participles $ 100 The participles are either verbal adjectives agreeing with the qualified nouns in gender, number and case, or indeclinables Out of the former class we have already gone through the present participles (XVIII) (The future participle, which is not common, is form ed by inserting between the base and the termination अन्त or मान of the pres part ed पच+ इस्म + अन्त=पचिस्पन्त who will be cooking, गच्छ + इस्स + अन्ती गच्छिस्सन्ती who will be going, farefia future etc ) $ 101 The declinable past passive participle is more commonly called as the past rticiple It! formed by adding a org to the root, but the Palı past participles are all taken from the Sanskrit forms directly with modi fications The student must learn them from his reading of literature but a few are given here (a) The roots of the 10th cony, causals, and a few polysyllabic roots form their P ps by suffixing xa, es चुर-चोरित, stolen, हर (caus) हारापित caused to be carried, गरह-गरहित, तप (caus)-तापित याचित, कालित etc (b) Past p s of roots ending in IT are irregular, as to sing गीत, ठा ठित, दा-दिन, पा पीत या-यात, वा to blon-वात, T-RT Those of roots ending in or 3 (short or long) are formed by adding i directly, as *1-1, 5-a, i fa, fpera Exception ti aiut, tasted away (c) In the case of some roots ending in 7, and 37, the final consonants of the roots and the a together be comer, eg दिन-दिह, दुस-दुह, हस-हह, पुरछ-पुह यज-यह (d) Some roots ending in #, at and 7, drop their final letters before त,eg गम-गत, रम-रत, मन-मत, हन-हत, कर-कत, ·It is formed bs adding to the root, before which the --51031 krown path (c) Sometimes and rarels art added to root directly, as आजप्न which is to be knorm पापेथ्य, यस्दन, 103 The Infrottore of Purpose is indeclinable THE PARTICIPLES 95 मा-सन Excepttons --सम-सन्न, कम-कन्न, विरम किरात, जग- लान, घर-चिण्णा, जर-जिण (e) Roots ending in and respectively form their Pp by changing the e to stand 4 to स एद-एन, भिद- मिन, छिद-लिम, गुप-गुत्त, सुप-मुन The past participles are used as adjectives and are declined iske बुद्ध, पलand काना. धारिता हारे । stalen nech lace, farof groot a sithered leaf, arat afeger the $ 102 The potential passe participles are declin. able in the same way ao the above They are formed by edding तव्य, इत य, अनीय or 4 to the roots (a) Roots of the 1st, th, 6th, 7th and 9th conjugar tions, हा (3rds) and हु ( 3rds ] generally take anय after their bases ---पचितम्य fit to be cooked be or about to be perced. विपिनन्य, चिन्दिताय, गनिम्य तव्य Is directly added after दr and after of the tothe and oor आपे of the cusal, दातव्य, क्येतस्य Bur after अय and आपय add sawय कथयितव्य So पचिनव्य, पायनि-पाय farsa fit to be got cooled These forms also must be picked up w ktle reading (8) अनी अनीया) is a strong termination added directly to the roots, before which the penultimate short and the final vonel take then gunaga गम-गमनाय । गमनाया) fit to be gone to ऐदनीय, भवनीय, भोजनीय an eatablette to form the pat pass participles लमसम, भिद मिस्त्र, रसाद-मन, भा भातय्य लाल बिन्मिनय fir 10 (Ferm 'तबा) . The 15 added ·96 MANUAL OF PÅLI 18103- root undergoes the same changes as before तध्य , as पचिर्नु to cook (for the purpose of cooking), विज्झितु to prerce, मिपितु कयेते, कथयितुं, हारापे-पयितुं etc तवे and ताये are Vedic terminations of the infinitive सातवे, सोताये, दातवे etc They should be recognised ] 5101 The Gerund (also called the indeclinable Past Participle ) is formed by adding 771 to the root, before which the root undergoes the same changes as before सभ्य, • पचिवा hasing cooked, विज्झिरवा after piercing, सिपिपवा, कोया, कथयित्वा, हारापे पविघा etc (a) o optionally takes the place of t71, generally in cases where an upasagga is prefired to the root, as 3GPETIT or उपहाय hasing attended अनुभविस्वा or अनुभूय: उपेवा or उपेय [उपेण्य] having approached (from उप+६), अभिभुय्य etc 1(6) रवान and तून (from Ledic absolutne प्याय) are obsolete terminations of the gerunds, especially used in Poetry, मुवान, मातून from मु] $ 105 Table of Participles Con) Root Party Pet" Gerund गन्तव्य गन्नु गत गमनीय, गन्तव गन्मयान (गन्नाये Nil All Mil Nit Mil होतब्य f दुरषा रहुरबान दानाय 3 दा दिल दावान (पगच्य 5 प+आर एम पापा म (पापुगिाय पामिया- हि हिन्य हिणि दिगियान गुन मगनीय इगगि यालय (मानु मुनि 5 (मुपान्न मातम माना मुगिन Net मागिताड, गुग्गुण 5 गरपति . 1 2 2 अम दिरा वरप 5 ·--5103] 10 ०० गहित गहि-गहेतब्ध, गपिहनु आहेतु 10 9 arros CD D of Fay to pierce, struj a road, a street THE PARTICIPLES मा कर कातव, कत्तब्ध, कातु, कवा,करवान, कन करणीय करिवान तन तत तनितव्य तनिर्नु तनिावान 9 गणिहावान, गहोवाज चिरा चिनितब्ध चिनिनु चिनिावान नि (जिनितब्ध इजेतुं बेनवे, इजिनियान (जेतब्द, जेय (जेताये (जेवान (5the) and other roots of 9th c like चि WORDS HET उसकार इपु] ma maker of | पदिसात [प्रतिस्रोतस्] Ind [shoot against the current दिह [EEJDP of दिम to see चरisteath आ to cover महालिस्सmname ofaman महाजन ma large company चेतियाण " (चेतिष a temple 5th c w 9ft to surround courtyard ) the आरतु आरब्ध] 2 of रम courtyard of a temple with a to begin चन्दालोक चन्द्र] सयवाहमार्थ ]m a carayan light faut p p of ait to crass, to धतियाभिमुख ady turned to Swim wards the temple राwith पति to stand firmly भण्ड [भाण्ड]n wares, goods किन्छ [कृच्छ}n a difficulty लमlste to beallowed great m name of a hull 97 3rd c to allow विद caus with पटि to inform अन्तेयासा [ सिन् ] n a pupil सम ady equal hivata ind early wat ger of * to get उपाहना [उपानह/ a shoe, विजित pp conquered पहायger of ET with a to a sandal abandon मुच with ओ to pur off दुन्नकट्स toothpick देस [देश] m aplace धानm the mind TETT ad, dirts मज 1st with a to sweep MP2 अक्षण m moonfa liking परिम [पश्चिम adr western. सरज adj.dusty at 4th c to blan, ·98 MANUAL OF PALI [$105- अरिछन , 5 10th c to close SED D of get to feed घातपान m_awindow असित, खादित pp eaten कोटक कोष्ट] m astore house उपोस] [उपवसथ] m a fast दुद्ध (दुग्ध) milked पहित अय्यm coc. Ostr Dp of 7+f sent मुच caus (मोचय) to release गिलान (ग्रान) ad) sick रहवासी { राष्ट्रवासिन्) m a ress- [आ + छिद] dent (of a nation) wrested १ उसुकारेन कतेन सरेन मया विद्धो मिगो तावदेव जीवित क्सय पत्तो। २ य य अत्तना कत का दिह पा सुत वा सब त आचरियरस आरोवेतब्ब। ३ महातिस्सत्येरो साय चेतियङ्गण गन्त्वा चदालोक दिस्त्रा घेतियाभिमुसो हुत्वा पीति उप्पादेत्या आकासे उप्पतित्वा महाचेतिये पति हासि। ४ अह अत्तनो रचिया विहार वा गन्तु धम्म सोतु दान वा दातु न भामि । ५ इमस्म दारकस्म कथचि गन्तु मा देथ । ६ अन्तेवासिना कालस्सेव उदृाय उपाहना भोमुशिल्या आचरियस्प दन्तकह दातब्ब, आस नव पापेतब। ७.सचे सो देसो उक्लापोहोति सम्मजितब्वा 14 सचाह अज बुद्धो भवितु सक्खिस्सामि अय पाति पटिसोत गच्छतु । ९ सेटिनो पुत्तो चीधि आवरिवा मण्डप कारापेवा महाननेन परिवुतो सुर पातु आरो। १० सत्यवाहेहि अनेके मग्गा चिण्णा, यहुयो नदियो तिण्णा, नानादेसा दिहा, अनेकानि भण्डानि कीतानि, अनेकानि च किच्छानि अनु भूतानि । ११ सा मुनि पिण्डाय चरित्वा नगरा निक्वम्म पण्डव उपगतोऽति दिस्वान दूतो आगन्त्वा रानिनो पटिचेदयि। १२ सेटे समे सेवितब्ये सहाये अरदा रानाऽव विजित रह पहाय एको चरे। १३ रन्मा अग्छरिय दिस्वा पुत्तो वन्दितो। १४ आदासो भूमिय पतितो भिलो च। १५ पापका मित्ता न भनितब्बा, मिच्छा वाचा न वचनीया, मज न पेय्य, पाणातिपाती च नकातबो॥ B (Use parfíciples for the words in italics I 1 I shall not be allowed to renunciate by my parents 2 Whatever (य किञ्चि) as thought by the nind should be spoken out by the tongue (वाचा) 3 If the yestern dusty winds blon, the western windows should be closed 4 If the store .

·- 106] IRREGULARITIES IN DECLENSION 99 been stolen by us house be diety, it should be swept 5 Charities should be given, commandments should be observed (TFT pot op) and fast såould be kept (pot po 6 The crane catoning the fish, carrying it to the great lake, tearing it doton and taking its life, ate it 7 Some boys went to a garden to steal fruit, but the gardener came and beat them 8 The boys said, "O sır, do not beat us, not a single fruit has " 9 It is not propes insult a good man and not possible to insult a wicked man 10 They having approached the king prayed hum to release the deer 11 Bo long as the peacock had not heen seen (Loc abs ) by the residents, the cron was fed by them 12 The grass eaten and the water is drunk by the cows 13 The cows have been milked and sent to the pasture 14 The sich monks should attend uport one another 15 Our army has been wrested, our country conquered and my parents have been killed by you LESSON XXII (irataraat grants $ 106 Irregularsties in Declension (a) A few masculine nouns have ureguları forms, which are noted below on af the Nom cinc nouns नष्पगुन्य es यर www Other parent, an elderly person se, meal and treat, and be जन्तु (a creature is जन्तु, जन्तवो, जन्तुयो 2nd जनुनी 11 ise the nouns are declined like forta The noun furgong has the irregular forum fatfat on the Voc Plural ·100 MUNUAL OF PALI [5106- The Voc Sing of कत्तु (a doer) is कत्ता or कचे, and that of सनु (a charioteer, doorkeeper) 1s सत्ता or खते 'These nouns are declined like Try ercept in this case (6) The feminine noun trêt has some irregular forms in addition to the regular ones - Nom Acc Voc Plural रत्ती, रत्तियो, रग्यो, रच्ची Inst Dat Ab] Gen Sing रतिया, रया, रचा Loc Sing रनिया, रया, रचा, रत्तिय, रत्यं, रञ्च and रत्तो The irregular forms are from Sanskrit Thit is from the familiar trit Decline to like a Similarly नदी, which is declined lile grat, has the following Nom Ac Voc Plural नदी मदियो, नसो (नद्य] Inst Dat Abl Gen Sing नदिया, नजा [नद्या] Loc Sing नदिया, नजा, नदिय, नज्ज [नद्याम् ] Similarly ffa (birth, caste) has set in addition to जातियो जच्चा in addition to जातिया and अरच to जातिय Decline जाति otherwise like भूमि (c) The neuter noun कम्म (harma, deeds) has a fer irregular forms in the singular number, which are noted belon - Inst कम्मेन, कम्मना, कम्मुना [कर्मणा] Dat Gen क्म्मस्स, कम्मुनो [ कर्मण ] Abl कम्मस्सा, कम्मम्हा, कम्मुना Loc कम्मे, कम्मस्मि, कम्मम्हि, कम्मनि [कमणि] 5107 Some Obsolete Verbal Forms से (Vedic) is often added to 1st person plural forms of verbs, eg द्वे मे गोणा महारान येहि खेतं कसामसे, अकरम्हसे ते किञ्च य बल अहुवम्हसे अरे (Vedic) is often substituted for अन्ति or अन्ते, et महि एते एत्तका एव बुद्धम्मा भविस्सरे, सोतानं सवर यूमि, पमआयेते पिीयरे. एम is often substituted for एग्याम (Pot 1st Plu) k कथं जानमुत मय! वसेमु तव सन्तिके ·-109) is dropped after a megahita, as resto or fr Recognise मचे+अर्य-सचाय, सचाई मो+अहम्बाह, माह, रवाय, If ,,3,5, and are followed by dissi- 49,99 and a But if the T and I are substituted mular 107 els, the former are changed respectively to for Sanskrit , #, they become sy and SITE foot THE SANDRI 101 These forms are confined to poetry and are rase in prose The Sandhi $ 108 The Páli language is not very rigorous in the observance of the Sandhi The final vowel of a word in a sentence is as often combined with the initial vowel of the following word in the sentence as not When a vowel is folloned by anothes, (a) the two combine with each other, (b) sometimes the first 18 dropped, or (c) sometimes the latter is dropped (a) In combination, if a lonel is followed by the $ame soucl, the same vonel lengthened 18 substituted for both together, ** + Eifferent, & + Braunft, 7+ sprea नधि (56), अथ+ अस्स-अयस्स, च+आदाय चादाय (6) Dropping of the first vonel is called 57779cf अथ +एको अथको, वाय+एवं जायेच, एकेन+उपायेन अपि +एते-अपने (c) Dropping of the second saxel is called Train ६४ इदानि + अस्म-इदानिऽस्म , को + अप्तिकोऽमि , यो घtist The signs (33778) representing the dropped vonel is optional In Roman and Sinhalese characters a comma 1.) 15 put for an avaggaha Itutial » preceded by or sit of the preceding word is often dropped e f gatite fed in fà is dropped and the preceding vonel of short is made long, TEUTASSA, Therisht, Antsla 3 an the following irregular Sandkis - मै+अह- म्या, त्याई, के + अस्प-क्यम्य ete $ 109 ·102 MANUAL OF PALI [ $ 109- are followed by 6, 7, 3, 4, oral, the resultant is , , आ, ओ, ए or आ respectively This rule holds good in case when terminations or suffixes are added to substanties or verbs, when prefixes are prefixed to them, or when to or more substantives are compounded together This rule has been dealt with already $ 110 and fa, 5 and 9, and , ait and at are often Interchanged , न इमस्स or न यिमस्स, मा एवं or मा ये, उहाति or युट्टाति, आरोपेति or वारोपेति $ 111 A niggahıta followed by a consonant is op tionally changed to the nasal of the class by which it is followed when a niggahıta is follosed by or , it is optionally changed to Niggahıta +TEFT EX +27 - येव नभव, तस्मि + येवतरिम येव or तस्मिम्मेव, मयुत or मजुत, अकेन or अङ्केन, अयं च or अपन संड or सण्ड; गय or गन्य चंपक चम्पक Suffixes $ 112 Suffis 37 15 added to roots to form nouns This suffix causes suddhi of the sowel of the root ** (cooking), 17-7*** (division) 17-41* (joining) The nouns thus formed are all masculine 375 (fem FT) is added to roots to denote the doer of the action like ($72) from roots F, F1, T etc we get "कार, दायक, संपर (fem कारिका, दायिका सेविका) etc BA (neater) forms derivatise nouns and adjectives पच पचन cooking, टा-दान a place, घुम-घीयन sounding ध-- आis often replaced by अना (Das in सेवना, Tot agony, torture, etc strat [ ] (fem aft) forms acinc participles from past pass participles, -art ( frat) to has caten met ctc It shows possession like 7 (77) १५ मेधायी Intelligent from मया .The change of 77771 to TTM Is ace to rule of Skt grammar i सोधन angry ·-5112] SUFFIXES 105 . इa forms adjectives from nouns, सुख-सुम्वित happy : दुक्खित, तारकित starry etc इन् (see 141-45). s(see 651). अन्न and क (तदर्थ) are often added to nouns resthout meaning- करममेव कम्मन्तो, पुतो एव पुसको, नपो एव नवको etc क 1s used also as adiminutne suffiरयाल-पालक httle htid, पोत-पोतक,fen बालिका, पोनिका तुती(see $72) ता, भाव m, in form ahstract nouns from adjec- Enes and nouns, ed सूरता, बुद्धत्त । गहितभाव m the stane of hasing been taken मतना मनता, मतमावm the state af being dexd, अलस-आलसn laziness, पण्डित-पण्डिया This p often gues place to एण्य अल्स-मआरसेश्य , सपति-सापतेय्य : (one's own property), सुचि-सोचेप्य । ar and are added to adjectives to denote the com paratu e nnd superlatu e degree respectuely itt mm purer, मुचितमा) purest, मन्दरतरा), पापनम m n most esul Rifat l is a suffis added to nouns instead of a team nation of the ablative case, (than, from) अरमना, धाराणसितो (a long sonel as shortened before तो) मनुस्सतो etc Other suffires are not sery common in Páll, but the ready made deratit es in Saashrit are used in Pálı rith modification (Lesson ID), which can be easily recognised. WORDS AET गरुडानिक [पुरस्थानिक ady in मन्यु [मृष्य! m Death the place of the parents मिराज [H]m Lord of the महाध महोष] m agreat flood. beasts असम्भ(सयोradyunrestrained rera gerard of 1 with XT1777* evil-minded to tale, पद rith 29 to Achse at स्पाससमनस क्यासतमनम्] adj. घर causal arth a to tale with distracted mind care of सुत्तसप to sleep ·104 MANUAL OF PALI [$112- gain one's स [[व] ad, one's own 3119 1st c to be left (alıve) कोसराना m king of the जीविक कप to Kosala country living सुप्पयुद्ध ind nide awake भति [भूति] / hire बुध with to be awakened, पत्ता ,पाति f avessel, a pot to be alert गहपति m the head of the गोतमसावक [श्रा] m a pupil houses of Gotama मरगहीत ads covered with fear ind by day dirt युद्धगत ady fived upon the दीघरत्त Ind for a long time Buddha निक्खित्त of नि+विप, laun उपसम्पदा acquisition उपेक्खितp neglected परियोदपनn purification निरपकार ad, useless भाजनnapan अतीव दुग्गत adj reduced to नामगहणदिवस m naming day abject poverty अपरभागे later on काल कर to die अनुपुब्बेन gradually सम्पत्ति/ property वयप्पत्त [क्य प्राप्त ady who has खीण, नह [नष्ट] DP lost come of age अययका/ grandmother HETTT m His Majesty A ये सन्ति गरनो गरद्वानिका वा आचरिया, तेसु विहारे आगच्छन्तेसु सब्वेहि, भिक्खवे, तुम्हेहि उहितब्व। २ “रथ योहि भो खत्ते रच्चमेव नजा पार गमिस्सामा" इति राना आह। ३ यथा रत्तो महोघी सुत्त गाम आदाय गच्छति तथा व्यासत्तमनसे जन्तुयो मच्चु आदाय गरछति। ४ मिगराज, नमो त्यत्यु, अपि विधि मस लभामसे ?। ५ बहवो असन्मता पापधम्मा पापेहि कम्महि निरय उपपजरे। ६ न जच्चा बसलो होति, न जच्चा होति ब्राह्मणो। कम्मुना वसलो होति, कम्मुना होति ग्राह्मणो॥ ७ यारो अत्तनो कम्मन्ते न विचारेति, पण्डितो पन से क्म्मान रतो होति। ८ कोऽसि स्व । दीघावुस्म रवाह कोसलरञ्नो पुत्तो, तन्नेव मारेतु अनागतो। ९ मुप्पबुद्ध पबुज्झन्ति सदा गौतमसावका। येस दिवा च रत्ता च निच्च बुद्धगता सति ।।

·- $ 112] THE COMPOUNDS 105 १० सवपापस्माकरण कुसलसूपसम्पदा॥ सचितपरियोदपन । एत बुद्धान सासन । ! Dissolve the following sandhis - )-oranu, तीणिमानि, नो हेत, मातुपहान, समेतायस्मा, अभिभायतन, धन ममत्यि, सत्येष, असन्तेत्य, (परोप) यस्पऽदानि, सन्नाऽनि, छायाऽय, इतिऽपि, अस्ममणोऽमि, अकतन्यूऽसि, आकासेऽव, चत्तारोऽम, कथाश्य का, पातोऽच, (सन्धि) बुद्धानुस्सति, यानीध, मधूदक, पिनेरितनयो, चन्दोदये, नोपेति, यथोदक, ग्याकासि, अन्धड्डमास, उदकोमि B 1 Now ( 874 ) 12 that city (there) was Wealthy family reduced to abject poverty 2 All the sons and brothers in the family had died, and all its pro perty had been lost 3 Only one girl and her grandmother sere left, and those two gained their living by serving others for hire 4 There was indeed in the house the vessel of gold out of which the head of the house used to eat* in the days of its prosperity 5 covered with dirt and had long lain neglected and unused among the pots and pans 6 And they did not even know that it was of gold 7 Once upon a time Bodhisatta was born in the womb of the chief queen of Brahmadatta 8 (They) made Padumakumara as his name on the naming day 9 Later on sıx brothers ssere bom to him 10 Gradually they came of age and became companions of His Tſajesty But it was LESSON XXIII (गीमतिमो पाठो) Compounds ATAT $112 Tho or more words are often joined together and for a grammatical unit The casemendings or inflec Habitual Past tense 18 espressed by using mere present tense ·106 MANUAL OF PALI [8112- tions of the words except the last one are dropped, and the last word is regarded as the principal member (पद) of the compound (ममास) 5113 The Doanda Tiro or more nouns joined by and (9) may be put together without the intermediate conjunction, the compound thus formed is called the or a which is alırays plural and tales the gender of the final member, as-- दासी च दासा च इति-दासीदासा (mplu) नरा घ नारियो च इति नरनारियो (fpla ) अम्मा च बुनानि च इति अम्बरबुजानि (n pla) mangoes and labuja fruit A समाहार द्वन्द involves a complex idea and is always neuter Singular as दासी च दासा च तेसं समाहारो इति= दासीदास (n sing) नरा च नारियो च तेस समाहारो इति-नरनारि (n sing) Similarly अम्बर गुर्ज, मुखनासिक, जरामरण etc 8114 Two substantives (nouns or adjectives) in apposition to each other may form for compound It has tuo varieties - (1) An adjectne and its qualified noun, as उत्तम अर इति उत्तम (n sing) the head महन्तो पुरिसो इति-महापुरिसो (m sing) महन्तियों नदियो इति-महानदियो (f pla ) नीर उत्पलं इति-नीलुप्पल (n sing) a blue lotus (2) Tiro nouns or two adjectives in apposition, as बुद्धघोसा एव आचरियो इति-वुयोमाचरियो महाकस्सपो एव थेरो इति=महाकस्सपत्थेरो गङ्गा एव नदी इति-गजानदी सान च तं उण्हं च इति-सीतुण्डं (tro adjectives connected by च, not nouns) hot and cold अन्धो च सो बधिरो च इति अन्धधिरो 44 ·THE COMPOUNDS * कम्मधारय is practically परमातपुरिस. In rare cases the -5115] 107 Similarly मच्चुराना, मगधर, पन्नावलं, कनात etc. मुर्ग चन्दा देय इति मुरानन्दो moon (in the form of the facc. Similarly पञ्चामुरियो, मुगतमीहो, कामोधो etc. द्विगु is a variety of कम्मधारय for which ses $97. $ 315. If tuo substantives are related to each other by some oblique (except the Nom. and Voc.) case, one in the oblique case is put first shorn of its case-ending and the other is suffixed to it to form a font (7977) compound, the gender and number of the whole compound are determined by the last member. दुतियालप्पुरिस occurs when the preceding member accusatively depends on the last, अरनं गतो इति = अरन्यगतो. Similarly मुख्पत्ती, धम्मनिस्मिता, रजाधिद्वितो etc. सतियात पुरिस- मातरा सदियो इति मातुमदिमो. Similarly युद्धभासितं, विनारहितो, नधन्धा etc. चतुरधीनापुरिम- निवापाय तिर्ण इति = निवापनिणं grass for fodder. Similarly समस, सादेव्यं, राजारह etc. যমাণ্ডুহিন मनपाना चिरति इति मनपानविरति Similarly नगरनिग्गलो, रखपतिती, घोरभय etc. घहोतापुरिस--- सम्मो पुरिलो इति-राजपुरियो a royal servant, Sumilarty राका, धम्मामिनदीतार, नरतमा ete. मत्तीतप्पुरिस-- अपने चासो इति आप्रवासी. Similarly अश्वनिपुणो, धम्मरतो, घरावासो etc. principal member of a syfte is placed first, as gan राजा इति-राजहंसो the snan.

·108 MANUAL OF PĀLI [5116- अलुत्ततप्पुरिस is a variety of the tappurisa com. pound in which the first member retains its case-ending, $116 पभं करोति इति=पभकरो the sun अन्ते वसति इति अन्तेवामी a pupil Similarly पुजगमो, उरसिलोमा, कुतोजो, परस्सपदं etc 5117 उपपदतप्पुरिस 1s a variety of the tappurisa in Which the last member is a verbal derivative thich cannot be used independently except in the compound, e & कुम्भ करोति इति कुम्भकारो (कारो cannot be used independently , कुम्भकारको 15 कुम्भस्स कारका, छहीत ) ब्रह्म चरति इति = ब्रह्मचारी a celhbate धम्म जानाति इति-धम्म (see 551) उरेन गच्छति इति-उरगो a serpent धन ददाति इति-धनदो God Kumera अत्तस्मा जाता इति अत्तना a daughter Apart fasta fa=stored in the boat Similarly मयभू, रोकहितदो, कुलपगो, अद्धा, अण्डनो, पर्ज मारति, पादपो, गोपो, आकासहो, कामददो etc $ 118 When tho or more substantives are com pounded together to denote or describe something else, the compound is called again It is generally adjectival in its nature and consequently it agrees in gender, number and case with the qualified noun An adjective and a noun are compounded to describe another noun - दिसा इत्यो यस्म मो-छिमहत्यो whose hand is cut (पुरिमो । man etc) Similarly अल्लगमो, नीलनेता etc संहितेन मरियत (नप्पुरिम) मुमै यस्म मासाहितमयिामुषो (माहो) Tem यम्मा भ्मा मुम्ग (सीही) ·third object : is in some oblique case according to the meaning, in the singular zumbes and is not declinable. Its solution is जो अनतिक्कम or याव जीवो तापक्रयावजीव as long as life यथा कर्म तथा or कम्म अनतिस्कम्म यथाकर्म according to --51203 THE COMPOUNDS Two nouns in apposition describe a third object : पञ्जा एव बलं यस्स सो-पन्नावली (भिक्खु). मलि एव धर्न यस्सा सा= सीलधना (इस्थी), Two nouns connected by an oblique case denoting a दण्डो हत्थे यस्य यो दण्डहरयो (मनुस्सो) उप्पल हरणे यस्मा साउप्पलहस्था (इत्या). (a) If the last member of a masculine or neuter बहुदबीहि compound ends in इ, ई, उ, or , the letter क Is often added to it. e. ४. बहुयो नदियो यस्मि मोबहुनदिको (देमो) Similarly बहुकनुको (आवामो), वामनकधानुझी (of a stunted nature हरथी), नानाहस्थिक (वन) etc $119. When a term connecting the different mem. bers of a कम्मधारय or तप्पुरिस compound is dropped, n 18 called a मज्झिमपदलोपी compound eg. गन्धेन मिस्सितं तेल इति -गन्धने oil mixed with scents. पिष्ठिया उगती पामाणो पिडिपासाणो a rock rising above the level. $120. When the first member of a compound 1s an indeclinable and the second a noun, and the whole compound an adverb, it is called an setara compound. It arbitrary, as, रथस्स परछा अनुरथै after acharnot. (lasts). deeds. . अहे अई-पञ्चह esery day.

·110 MANUAL OF PĀLI [$120- Similarly अनुवात, पटिवातं, पटिदिन, पनिवस्स, उपगझं (गगाय समीप), अन्तोपासाद, अनुवस्स (वस्से वस्से), तिरोपब्बत (पव्वतस्म तिरा), पटिसोत etc 8121 Sometimes the first members of compounds are prefixes, which have to be expanded in their solutions, as अ (before consonants) not, अन् (before vowels) not, कु bad, दुर् bad, difficult, मु or सत् good, वि separate, निर without, with, etc कुच्छितो पुत्ता इति कुपुनो (क धा a bad son) कुच्छितो पुत्तो यस्स सो% कुपुत्ती (व ब्वी who has a bad son, कुपुत्ता) दुग्गतो or दुटो जनो इति-दुग्नना (क धा bad people) दु? जनो यस्मि सो-दुज्जनो (व व्यी where the people are bad ) सोभनो जनो-सुननो सग्ननो वा विगतो departed रागो passion यस्म सो विरागो (मुनि) न मनुस्सो इति-अमनुस्मो A not-man (demon) न मनुस्सो एल्थ इति अमनुस्मो untnhabited निग्गर्त lost धनं यस्सा सानिधना/ poor पनापतिया सह वत्तति इति सपजापतिको with his wife (सह बहुब्बीहि) निग्गतो or नस्थि आहारो यस्म सो निराहारो or अनाहारो who has receiyed no food $ 122 (a) If the first member of a compound ends in a long vosel, 1t 18 made short, this shortening is optional in the case of आ eg नदी+मझो = नदिमओ, मध्यम + पुरिसो = सम्मनपुरिमो, - पम्गाधनो or पनधना Similarly गरहनातक, परिसमग्शे, दासिदामा, जम्युफलानि etc (b) Tro or more compounds are often compounded 10 forma compler compound In such cases, take cach component compound as a separate member and dissolve पम्मा + धनो it, as- ·--5121] TIIT COMPOUNDS 111 मरणमयतातितो (मिगो). माणा भयं-मरणभयं तेन तस्तितोऽति. दारूदकतेस्तण्डुलादीनि. दार व उदकं च तेलं च तण्डा च दारुदा- रोलनाडुला. से मादयो (chief) येम तानि इति. A. Name and dissolve the following compounds :- पुत्तधीतरी वस्थतेलमधुफाणितादीनि (पायनि) प्राहाणगहपनिका अदिहाव्यमरण (इत्थी) मरकन्तारं नरेसमो अशररासि महापश्नो सागिपादा पुरासिनेह (हदयं) नीलरसि अन्तोनाथि अनाबिलं कष्णपप्पदहा (दामी) मुपदुक्पानि मुनिसीहो सुखदुक्र गुणधनं महातीरवानी सकम्यको (माह्मणो) अनीतिरदं (धनं) निसाहो (बुद्धो) दशेनुकामो सद्धाभयो-या-य मगधरई सुचिपरिवारो (सेट्टी) अधोग अपरिभुतपरको उपरिपादन एक्स्पो-पा-4 यहिगामा किसीलो (पुरिमो) पच्छाभतं सगारपा (इथि) यहुकुमारिकं (कुलं) पहतभक्को (पुरिसी) स्थकारो विरूहमूलसन्तानो (रक्यो) दिनत्तो (नरो) दारहस्थी विश्नुपसरथो (धम्मो) अतिमहलोहकपोल (मुख) हेडनदि पास्थिसतानि अमतमददो अगमसिहान जुतिन्धरो रणझहो सदूपसम्पदो (समणी) सरसिज ·112 MANUAL OF PALI [ $ 122 B Express in Palı using compounds 1 The river Ganges 19 Gods Gandhabbas 2 Hand and foot demons men and 3 The deed done by others Rama 20 The three Jewels 4 Eight directions 21 (One) who has much 5 The king s happiness wealth 6 Honey and sood 22 (011) into which much 7 All the elephants Wine is put 8 The king seated in a 23 Of whom the chief chariot (MT) was hassapa 9 A long beard 24 At the root of the 10 Accord ng to the Law Varana tree (doctrine) 25 Birth old age and 11 The lion killed in the death wood 26 Fit to be given to the 12 Fear of death Buddha 13 Thieves brought by 27 Desirous of speaking the minister 28 The assembly of the 14 A fathers word nuns 15 Happiness and suffer 29 Surrounded by thc ing flock of birds 16 The jachal which was 30 Walking in the forest 31 Endowed with cha 17 A man whose hand has racter and conduct been cut by a thief 32 Vounted on a gold 18 Horses and elephants chariot firmly held ·m a PĀLI-ENGLISH GLOSSARY NB Substantives ending inform their feminine by changing a to आ, those in वन्त (मन्त) by changing वन्त (मन्त) to वती or वन्ती (मती or मन्ती) For abbreviations consult any English Dictionary भ(= अन् before vowels) अग ["प्र]n the end mfa a negative prefix अकतन्नू chief ["कृतज्ञ ] min ungrate- अग्गि (HिI m fire ful, अक्कुद्ध [मु.] min अग्गिावन्ध [स्वन्ध ) nor angry अदिन [अदन] column of fire n what is not given i. e 377 n a limb theft अधम्मचरण n not अजनn acourtyard acting piously statement सहित min full of | अच्चय [य] m death, lapse meaningless words भरदयेन after the death or अनप्पक रूपक min not lapse a little अनभितितापित/ अस्चि [f] f na fiame अरमा (अप्सरस्! | anymph अपरिमाण min infinite अध्ठरिय आश्चय] n wonder अपारन [मा] min अजाfa shegoat, sheep thrown open अगुज [य] अज्ञातसत्तु [! m name ofe n demerit अप्पमाद (अप्र] King अज्ज अद्य] ind tarday अज्ज [अ] !othc to eam n not besmeared अमत [अमृत). अनव [ आनंध ] n straight- असच्च forwardness state, Nibhana त्य an untruth असुचि अन्दासय [अध्याशय] m inten. [a] n an impurity tion, opinion अक्ख क्ष] made भविस, अच्छि hिan an eye other 113 not crowned m wanness अमरिखतm the immortal अन्न [अन्य mfn another, ·114 MANUAL OF PALI man to अन्यमन्च Ind with one an Han suffix to form nouns other from roots Mtat n f n a certain अनाथपिण्डिक m name of a अन्नातु [आज्ञात] m one who Lnows pata msaffix of pol 873 (] m f eight Hence pass participle अहाद-रस (१८) अट्ठवीसति (२८) अनु (= अन्द् before Lovels etc except 3) prefix after, ac अहि अस्थि] n a bone cording to अनुपुग्वेन gra 756 m f n half, prefix less dually greata according by half, Bryalay 21, अड्डड्ड 31 sa is added to some noans अति prefix (changed to अच्च without affecting their before vowels) beyond, serse as सुत्तमेव मुत्तन्तो excessus ely अन्तm end अतिरेक mf n superfiuous अन्तरहिन [अन्तर्हित ] min अतिविय Ind very much concealed 3TT ( 1) m self, soul अन्तरायman obstacle अत्तमन mfn satisfied अन्तरे, अन्तो Ind in, among 372 ( ] m use, require. within 3 in the in ment, profit, gain, ad. terior of the house vantage, meanins, sense, अन्तेगासिक m a pupil an ap aim) reason, sealth, prentice thing, matter 37 mſ n blind sreira (MTA THto set ( as 3787 n food the sun) 314 ind now, While अपराधMafault 37% [37670) m a road STYTTI m f n opened 376 ind certainly. 8xfy (often contracted to 31 m nmcan, los for sf) and also, too, af prefix over, above, es en upon 347 (ME) ni Da little, अधिकmfn more small ind below, under अम्भनर [अम्प]m inside are prefix away ·115 PALI-ENGLISII GLOSSARY man अभि pref towards अभिमुस । अमोकाराम m the garden of with one's face towards King Asoha अभिभू.m a conqueror अस्मा [अश्मन्] m a stone अभिवादेपा der of caus अभि अस्स [अश्व] m a horse +घद having saluted अस्मसाराf a stable अभिसित्त [पित्त] m अस्मू [अ] n a tear crowned अह [अहन्] n a day अमु mfn this अहिma serpent अम्य [आन] अहिकुर n a family of snakes m a mango अम्निल [अम्ल] min sour अळm aclaw अम्ह [अस्मद्] mi n the first आ (changed to अ before personal pronoun conjunt consonants) ind 377 n iron, death near to, towards, until आकिण्ण [आकीर्ण] min full अयmf this अय्य [आर्य] m आगत min come, arrived a respectable आरेिय [आचार्य] m a teacher अरज [ण्य] आचार m behaviour अरह [अ] 1st c to deserve BITCH m self, soul आदास [आदश] m अरहन्त m a person in the fourth stage of sanctifi- आनन्द m name of aman अरिय [आर्य] m a noble per. अनिसंस [स] m an advantage | आनीत mfn brought अरियसच Noble truth SITT TT m prowess अरुn wound आप 5the w h to reach, get, at ind enough, enough of w स+प to reach, obtain 377 3 pref donn (opposed to उद्) आभतmfn brought अस 2nde to be, 9th c आयु [आयु! n age, life eat असनि [अशनि] m thunderbolt असि ma strord असीति [अशीति]f eighty n a forest a mirror, a glass cation, an Arahat. . son, mf noble आपणिक m a shopkeeper to भारम्भ [भ्य] ind with re. ference to stram a deed, an action, karma ।

·116 MANUAL OF PALI आल्पनn the vocative case इस Isic to search, V परि आलेप m an ointment to go searching, IOth¢ आरोक m light With T to send Fe (7fa] m a sage आवाट pit इस्सर ईश्वर] m the lord 376 m the marriage (of इह Ind here a son ) 377 Ist a to associate (=JC bef vowels) pref आसान्ह [आपाद] m name of a up, उप्पतति jumps up उक्लाप m f n dirty month उम्गमन (उद्]n the rising e Ist c w sa to neglect, Jey (Elm sugarcane w oft 10 examine {*°) my n straight The Lon] m n hot 1stc to wish for, # + op to consent 30 11m a season n a well at mín the other xfa (usually shortened to उदुम्बर m the fig tree उदेन उद्यन ग ऽति and to हरच before name of a king vowels except ) thus, in उदिस्म (श्य] and with refer this manner इतोनिदान m in arising from / उद्धं [अयम् } and upwards this cause उद्धनnanoten इतरmfn hasty fitur sett (**) a troman, 39 pre near, ncarly in fresh gerund having apa proached 19 इदानि [इदानाम् Jind now Siccroy of 3+*+ ** mm this उपरि Ind above P (#fall glory, prose उपमाग ["गं] m a prefix perity, supematural 1975/ ordination poster 3914 m remedy, means, Find here GTATE lay devoteeship 4th e to flourish, w *m a lay derotce, to flourish STTTT f. a female lay #ind like, as if dci otec ence to lady, wife 2 ·PALI-ENGLISH GLOSSARY 117 2 herb - 395 f. a sandal, a shoe ओरसपुत्तभाव [ औरमपुत्र] m. Utru m a fast, fasting the position of true son day ओसध (आप) i medicine, उभो उभौ] min both उम्माद उन्माद] m madness उग्मार mathreshold solfix (added often to TEA (CETT°) n. a garden nouns without affecting In breast their meaning TETUT (TT) m an ox fm f n ho? Which? उस दिस] m an arrow; ठसु 787 (F#m a crab Arm an arror-naker कड्या शिक्षा]f desire Het f none, single,certain, कश्चि कश्चिद! Ind I hope वन्धयma tartoise some hence OFFER (18) एकतिमा (३१) etc , एकून less (4T) / a daughter, girl by onc, as in met (98) etc एकेक min one by mf bitter one 73 (Fre) n a stich, wood एकच्चmin some कपटक m thorn part m f n this, that Ifmn black so much, so [a] m f n done, commany mitted, obligations एल्य ind here कतर्म, कतर min which fout sind only, same, just of a number)? एवं ind thus, पवरूप min Fyram a doer of this kind Joth c to tell (15) m a ram कथाf astory far far f brightness, ** prel (contraction of beauty BITFITI (arter] m कपि m monkey space, कप्प (कल्प M cycle of time Af and on this side, sift 10% to make m bither (734) & poema time ओजn valour ·118 DIANUAL OF PALI a Teason, fact to " Ger काषा, कम 1st W अति (अतिया) | कारण। to pass amay, उप+में punishment approach, " नि कारn time काल कर todxe (निक्सम) to start, wय कालकतnindead काल pass away, v परा (परक्क) The ind early to strive to exert oneself कास 1st c with utoshine कम्म [कर्म] n deeds, action, कासाव किापाय] min yellow business कामुf apit कम्मास [कलमाप] min spot किकर maservant ted किर 6then आ to scatter कर 8the to do, caus कारस्य । बिल m a mat to construct, build किलम 1ste to be tired वि+भा (व्याकर) to explain किरन्न क्लिान्त] mf tired करित्या exhausted with करेशु/ an elephantess किरिस [विल] 1ste स to be soiled Tem a quarrel dispute पलायमाagram शिलेस [परेश] m torture sin क्ल्याण benesolent, ff and what is the use of ?* beneficial why? किनु सो what ho? की 9th c to buy (विक्कि) to sell TRI Ist c to plough Ger कीळ 1stc to play फसिावा कोला क्रीडा)/ involuty पस्मा 11d whyi ? Si pref (used only in com करमकाmafarmer pounds) bad कहापणसत [कापणशत pfer [ret] f n belly, tomb hundred kahapana coins कुरिfacottage काकाकी/acrow कुतो Ind whencet बात a canying pole, कुध ittero get angry pingo प: 4k c to get angry कानुnt of कर to do कुश्य (optional base of कर) Hm a sensual plessure, todo apassion ATT m a boy, a prince ATT the body परम पूर्म]m a turtle 0 वि कविm a poet ·119 PALI-ENGLISIT GLOSSARY 19 m a cuchoo nouns Thim a deer सरिन स्प]n a mistake कुर n a family , कुरपुत्तm a TG Iste to eat. gentlemin, para min e [6th c to thron , नि to 1,5 lift up born in a good family frame name of a lown place, s 9 to thron, # 19] Istc to call, to close, to shorten caus (FEATTT) to send fred (format ind quickly, at once for als difer] f an amusement, 1971 (eft) ma crhauated मीर क्षीर] n milk sport on a play. ground खुद्द शुद] n a mean act कोकालिक m name ofamonk fra le name of a nan काविल (T) ind crily Rf the end, a crore Tmn saffir (added 10 to form other #167 (90°) m a storchouse nouns in the sense of ta (917).m anger Tait (altar's f name of a going eg उरग, निमगा ctc ) town 777f the rner Ganges Frant suffir added to nu Tue 10th c to count merals to imply freal motion, 8110 quency (so many in 10th c to wreathe "times') गर्भm an ass Tom a perfumc, an unqm) a sword gucnt Put Iste to dig mm a leavenly singer बणे every moment TH (3) 14 : to go, Fitta (aft im akshatriya (A) f forgiseness grasp Tu (n) m the shoulder, cousal (WTTT) to 3 part बम Iste " निर् 10go away, F से+ (Hyf forgii cress (28°) mm a moment, खणे ufu to go ouer, acquire, W to come, 115 for tr f+ HT to retum, to pardon, [STR] mf crable, patient खलmaullan *t to assemble, in the +भति overcome ·120 MIANVAL OF PALI m. TE 1st c. to censure. a ind, and m. a teacher, elderly (*) n. theel. person. चक्कवत्ती [क्रवर्तिन् ] ३ TE 9thc. to tale, catch, hold. sovereign. STE (°) n. a house; 786 mm. n. possessed of [72] Tagfa . a gentle eyes, man, a householder. aft (] n the eye. TT 4th c. to sing. [CT so bef. vowels) गाथा/. stanza; गाथापद n a m.f. n. four ; 2 m.tn word from a stanza. fourth; grut f. the TTH (97°) m a village. fourth, the Dative case ; Tra (title) m respect. चतुइस (१४), चनुर्वासति १२४) matf. a cow. etc, 744€ 1°•°] m.abeast, TIE (97°) a customer. a quadruped; चतुद्दिसा . foresta (rarº) m.f. n. ill, sick. the four sides. T (17°}f. the neck. चत्ताळीसति-ळीसा f. forty four. Toim. a virtue, a merit; m. चन्द [न्द्र] m the moon; f. suffix signifying T18 m. moonlight. times' as पञ्चगुणो five- * 1st c. to walk; w.ft to fold; yoTerra m. n. virwonder; w. +56 +877 tuous. to address, to practise; Tas [3] m a ball. w. få 10th c. to take care TE (*z] n. a secret. of. nza [da] n. a song. चाग (स्या Im. charity, चागवन्त 1 n a house. m.f.ft. charitable. गो TIOT m bull, an ox. 'गोतम [गो m. name of a man. # [fare so bef. sowels 1 गोमय indefinite suffix added to m coudung. interrogative pronouns. 5th c. to collect; 10th c. m. a pot. prith 374 10 worship. Ta (ra) n. ghee. 57 1st c. v. to trickle. F n. the mind. ETT (TE] n a house ; TT fera 10th c. to think, to be m. househoid life. anrious. 11. m.)

·PALI-ENGLISH GLOSSARY 121 fet ind for a long time im f n suffix, born of at m a robe TT Istc w wie to nourish. Tizº mfn degraded जनकmafather चुइस min fourteen 594m the country, vily 7th c to kiss lages 10th c to steal जस्तु n a roseapple , जम्मुदीप #ind if [379)India घेतn the mind the roseapple tree धेतिय [वैश्य ] n a temple, TF (FICA] m a rogue afcia fotn the courtyard on water of a temple चेतियाभिमुख जल [ज्वल ] 1stow 9 to m f turned towards blaze the temple ata mfn born, grown, चोहस same as चुद्दस, . produced am a thief जातका a birthstory of TITUTE (127) m a piece of Buddha cloth, a rag जानि / birth, जातिसपनm fin endowed with high birth [15] (changed to before yowels) six, 38, Jr hnee min sixth, is for 1st and Othc to conquer, sixth, the Genitive case, 1st cv T to defeat छब्बीसति (२६), इसीति, छळ- P#4T (FT)/ the string of a etfa (CE) etc bow og legj 10th c to leave face ( stafa ] to grow old, decay Win an umbrella forts the tongue छद w 10th c y 27 to cover জায় 1st to live (9] the earth जीवि कप्प to etaj the skin, complexion tam one's livelihood fiz 7th c to cut जीवितस्वयं पापय, जीविता आ. (ger] mfn to [eroj me a festival pass to cease agitated छत्तु m IT'm a hewer (ग)रोपय to destroy the life of, to deprise of life ·122 MANUAL OF PALI cratc yfa 9° 1 splendour तच्छ [य] n the truth Hence ficaram sa तरद्धक क्ष]m A carpenter full of splendour vet (Toote] / thirst, greed, sa il m n a conqueror criving तण्हायdenon to ET 4th c to contemplate alara zara) mon third झान [ध्यान Jn meditation, aidat/ the Instrumental case trance TTT [77] ind there T (ET) Ak c to non , * * 7 ind in that manner तथागतm the Buddha to know, caus (1197) तदा and then to arrange (as scats) EROT (STET] n knowledge, * Sth c to expand wrot mn possessed of तपn pehance hnos ledge तप caasal तापय tocr UITF S 1 ) m o 1st c & 10th of 10 2 rc entertain latuse, linsman Filmfa (termination of पानु [ज्ञान] m. one who knots the l'ot piss participle ) Ist c to cross, with 3 10 5TC (27) nt justice ascend m 1 trcc TT (Fur] () to stand, " I arom in joung to get up to cise mit simc as a aft to stand firmly. TOIT (TIT)m a lalo tcusal रपय 10 keep, (icmination to form gerund 5797 has ing led Bhatract nouns froin id II (PT2 place Jectics) Art Roc s (1 form of any TA(+71 1:1 ¢ to bite dress for miles) the 3rd Arm a hermit peronal pron गाय samaj । past MIT 10 Cr04 Participle often in Ten cluster of fit for that like that the ICT minst in of the salms ·faut Tin grass att a bank 1 20 sider, Tra] » inteTitance PALI-ENGLISH GLOSSARY 123 ara (Fren] ind so long, the solfix meaning while सावदेव at once one nho gives', as in ft (mthrcc Hence धनद पारिदctc सैरम (१३), तेघीमा (२) etc e] m n hutten V? 10th c to fine to pu nish fapost ml crossed, suum m a stick Pm n sesamum दणी 'डिन् ] m an ascetic farefa fatit (1997) thirty min same as T 0 fan curds TË Pels joy, satisfaction 74 m 1 tooth FIBEO 6th to tcrture toothpick TE (14) m f the 2nd post poti) a spoon a ladle of pity compassion personal pronoun दम ten दमम m nofts ind (termination of the ionth infinic of purpose) to Fra letala insight judg Jind but सून same astar er 1st c to bum * } ma lahe तेरस तेढमति दहर/nyoung as an oil Tatiz) msn poor farten name of the Pals in?( min strong firm दन denom to PIT,Rutt ind (termination strengthen दई and of the gerund) firmly * 10th c to close थाम [म्नामन्) strength (97) dagoba wala") me a thief धेर स्थिविर ] ) (-1; monk.) ment 73 m lustre canon 3rdc 10 fisc, to pay, to allot with W to take Gerand size, in , । दातु ma donor दान - दानि [इदानीम् ] ird nor TE VICT/ a child ·124 MANUAL OF PALI se- दारn fuel, firewood दुक्ख ९ ख] n pan, दुक्खी दास ma servant, aslave In sorry, sad gretf a maidservant दुतिय द्वितीय] mfn दाकिम [EिJn pomegran cond, next , दुतिया । nate second, the Accusative दिन [द्वि] m a bird, a Bracase mana दुद [ग्ध milk, m fr दिव द्विष्ट] na difficulty milked दिह [दृष्ट] min seen दुमग [द्रुमाग्र] n the top of a fa 4th c to play, gamble tree दिवस m aday दुस 4the topollute दिवा Ind by day, दुहितु []f a daughter दिस (पस्स, दक्ख, दिक्ख) 1st : दूतm a messenger to see, ta discover, toदूरे ind. far away find, w उप to advise, देव m a god , देवलोक ॥ the स to understand, divine world, देवी वसति causal दस्मय to show it rains दिस 10th c to preach देवदत्त m name of a monk दिसा शा] / a quarter, a देवता/ agoddess, derty direction दीघ [4] mfn long , दीघ देस ['श] m aplace जीवी [ "विन् ] m n one who | दोस [प] m fault lives long, दीघनिकाय m हि min name of a book, दोघरत द्वादस, वारस (१२), द्वामिति ind for a long time, बावीमति (२२), दत्तिसति arran name of a prince (३२) etc दु[दुर so bef vowels] pref द्वारnadoor bad, badly, difficult, i mfn poor, दुजन m धन्य [धान्य] a corn bad people, दुब्यण्ण mfn धन riches, wealth, ugly, दुम्मन m fr deject. धनवन्त m fn wealthy, ed , दुम्मेध mf n dull, धनय denom to wish for दुसभ min difficult to riches obtain धनुna bon देवीf aqucen , two, hence n म ·125 PALI-ENGLISH GLOSSARY the law, justice, artm m 2 religious नवमmn धम्म [] m quality, nature, नथ [नृत्य] n a dance the truth, the religion, 1 ta 4th c to dance the doctrine, | ) ma grandson righteousness, Tryf the nose virtue 7 Ist c to roar धम्मराजm the Buddha, धम्म नदीf a river n who preaches TH 1st c to bow, caus T4 the Doctrine धम्मविनय m to bend the Doctrine, and the नमस्म Ist c to bor Discipline, Unimin aht (THB) ind hail to! a bow to! 77 10th c to hold, catch नरm a man , नरपति UT and suffix added to hing numerals showing parts नव mfn nine नवमी / ninth UT (96) Ist c with a to agfa f ninety bury, with a (TEC) to believe in, with fo to नस 4th c to perish with वि to be ruined 4th c with Bri नहापित [ना] m a barber to vanish नागm धातु/ a metal a serpent, an ele. phant via 1st c to run, नामnaname sy to run along, with m the naming day ind परि to run about really, named, called, at ra, furry [fire forres] ind all fie upon! arar (ar)/ a ship, a boat धिति []f courage नासाf the nose धीतु same 1s दुहितु . Find pref donn 9th c to shake fara [] m a golden coin धूमm smoke निखित्तm n lain धूलि / dust धेनुf a com Fard ind always धेस [ध्वस] m destruction Hind not, arft neither HITTAT m n a citizen close with नामगहणदिवस निग्राधm name ofoman निदाघm summer farm a store P18] m f n deep ·126 MANUAL OF PALI n W to a leader fare ind pref anay, not, for [188] m f. n tres without, निम्मक्सिक min ten fiyless, निरुपकार min पजा [+]f the people, the useless subjects निल्याण [निर्वाण ॥ emanci- पञ्च min five, पञ्चम mm pation निब्बुन (निवृत] nsn who fifth ,-मी/ fifth, the AbI case, पचीसति (२५) etc has entered Nirvana निरय m hell पा (प्रज्ञा] f wisdom पन्जावन्त m निरोधm cessation intelli- निस्साय Ind near, depending gent, clever पञ्झ [प्रश] maquestion upon, owing to नो nd pref our पटिक्खेप प्रतिक्षेप) m refusal भी (नय, ने) 1st पटिन्च Ind with reference to carry, ओ to lead , नेनु m. पटिन्ना प्रतिज्ञा]f apromise on interrogative particle m skilful E 6th c to remove पटिसोर्त [प्रतिस्तात्तस] ind नो varrant ofन 1 against the current Tra ind from प, प (5] pres onrards, परम [प्रथम] m n first,-मा forth, chief f first, the Nom case पकति प्रिकृ"]f natue पठमझानn the first_stage परख [क्ष] m the wing of meditation , पठवमय । पण [क्षिन् ] m a bird the prime of life *31* पति, पति, पप्पटि [प्रति] pref. पणीत [I] mfn ercellent, good in return पच # Iste to cook पण्डद m name ofaull परचय प्रत्य"]m a requisite, f wise, ma Wiseman a cause पञ्चह [प्रस्यहम् ] ind daily पण्ण [f] a leaf, a letter, पञ्चामित्त प्रायमिन]m पण्णसाला acottage enemy पणरम, पञ्चदम mIRil. परछा [पश्चात् and after teen . पण्डितm 11 an ·127 PALI-ENGLISH GLOSSARY down a drink, n पानn . duced, पत 1ste to fall, w उत् to परियोदपनn purification Jump up, w. नि to fall पला 4tho to run away पल्लङ्क [य] a throne, a cot पति m a lord, husband. पवाद []m a theory, hy- पसिहा प्रतिष्टा] f firmness pothesis पत्त [पान] n a vessel, a pot पसुm a beast पाथ 10tha to aspiree for, , पहह mfn overjoyed पत्थना / prayer, aspira- पा (पिव, पिव) 1ste to drink, tion पेच्य पदn the foot, the letter (as पानीय n water opposed to the meaning) पाण [प्रा] m a creature, । पद 4th cw आ to arrive at, life, Cronfagram destrucw उत् to be born, pro tion of life , पाणी [प्राणिन् ] उप to arrive m a creature, an animal at, w far to lie down, w पाति, पाती [पानी].f a bowl, to succeed a vessel पन ind but, and पातो [प्रातर] ind in the morning पनस m a jackfrust पादm afoot परत [4] m a mountain , name of a person , denom. पादु/ a shoe 979 n a sin, demerit, m f no पवनाय to like act evil mountain ful, पापकारी ["रिन् ] m n पभाव [4] m power, one who commits a sin, strength पापधम्म mfn evil mind. पमाद [प्र] m mistake ed , पापिमन्त, पापी [पापिन् ] पयn malk, water. . mn sinful परmfn other, distant पामोक्स [प्रमुख] mfn परक्म [ राक्र] m exertion nent, principal परम mfnagreat पार and beyond , पारगामी परा pref opposite परि, पलि, पळि pref surroundbeyond , पारिम mi yonder ing परिवाना ['मा ]m cetic a पापक m Sinemi- [मिन् ] min one who goes n an as- पाल 10th c to protect, पालक m a protector, guardian ·128 MANUAL OF PALI 1 old.. TE (71 m a snare. PETI f. Forship, Reif. name of a nga. 10th c. to fill. पितु [] m. a father. oa (h) ind. in the next AT m. f. n. thirsty. world. fra tid m. f. n. beloved, Tiras (987°) n. book. dear. Tel [at] m. na ancient, freu (ftº 1 f. a kind of creeper. AT () m a man. ata n. a chair. aifa (°) f. love, joy. 997 n. throbbing. falats) 10th c. to torture. * Ist c. to fill. 9th c. to purify. FIE (969) m. f. n. harsh, gez (mg) 1st c. to ask ; w. cruel. to ask in retum. फल na fruit; फलवन्त mf.n. gra Cover] 7. ment; gaya fruitful, FR n. meritorious ac- To m. a ploughshare! tion; gert m. n. One TIC IOth c. to tear, who performs merit. [127] 4th c. to touch. & [e] m. f. n. fat, fed. 97 [x] m. a son; denom 5 m. a crane, gfata to treat as a son. aru Ist c. to bind. 9 ) Ind. again; STY again and again. anym a brother, a relative. पुष्फ [m] na Aower; पुप्फित To n. power, faculty., यलि m.l.n. in blossom m. an oblation, offering, = (TRI m fin. former, tribute. ancient. m. f. n. much, many: 17 n. a city. toitum, talkative. at lag] ind, in front. en m f n learned. yfter (969) m, a man; Rt.) T sobstitute for at tro, as A m, the meanest of in बारम (१२), बावीसति (२२), बत्तिमा (३२). men; पुरिसुत्तम m. the best of inen. m. f. n. fool; a child; TE 4th c. to nourish, 16* mi a child ; DET y 10th c. to orship. f. a little girl. 1 ·+ (271) n. wares, goods. Ist c. to be, w. HT to ex- PÁLI-ENCLISH GLOSSARY 129 यावे m. Babylon, HT Ist c. to nourish. alle [mmi ind. exceed-afar [ 177911 ] f. a wife. ingly, Ham. existence in differ- बिन्दुसार, बिम्बिसार m. narmes ent worlds). of kings, 1983 m. your (his) reverm. the Enlightened One. ence. TET m. f n fixed on B. n. ashes, Tareits m. light of the B. 47517. a pan. 91TH) sth C to under. (wrm a brother. stand, to know; with भारma burden, भारहारकm. to be awakened, to be a bearer of load, alert. 77 [7] Ist c. to speak, to JYTT [ferº] m. f. n talk; w.uft to address. hungry fartet**° m a beggar. व्यापत्तमनग्य [ध्यापनमनस् 1 m farfar [er] alms. f. n. with a distracted fra l'alm 2 monk, a mind. priest, frgaragram Hem God Brahma, 6 min surrounded by the m. name of a king, assembly of याह्मणna Brahmana; प्राह्मणी foxtroft f. a nun. t. a Brāhmana lady. ft 7h c to break 2nd c. to speak. fcar, to be 1977 (i m' the Blessafraid ; ira f. fcat. ed One. ya 7th c to eat, to enjoy; witat f. a sister. w, qt to enjoy, to use; * 1st e. to resort to; IOLA m. n eaten, c. to divide, to cut, perience, w. NA 10 Overalty/. hire. come, n. * to be pro- ** [*] cooked rice, a duced; to be caused. meal. monks ; f 10th c., HT!) m a master, hus-making. band TET (zuf name of a nen *9 n. danger, fear. of the earth, ground; भूमिसायीm.n who sleeps on the ground. 19 ·130 MANUAL OF PALI HT4 ta cultivate. #77 10: hc. with to wf-fif. a drum. address, to call. HT ind. Oh ! hallo! मन्त m. मती-न्ती / a pos- भोजनीय which is to be sesside saffix. eaten; food, Hm.f.n.slow. RITE (HTOSTEL) m. name of aking. ** [947) m. f. pla. tre. #FC 1st c. to besmear, to (#7, 19) Ist e. to die; anoint. HTC HRT1 m. the way. caus. #74 to kill; ATO Rafet f. recollection of 7 m.f. n. auspicious. death. #g frey) m. death, HETTET m. fin. covered 3 [*F* m. a fish. with dirt. []n, wine ; #F49 m. He m. name of a clan. a drunhard, HET (my] "the beard. *** 1st c. w. to sweep. HEM (T) (=ster in com- * m. a bedstead, a cot. pounds) great ; ETETT a for m. a jetrel. 8. company : HETIRAFA M 54m a pandal. name of a monk ; #77 n. Aa () m.f.n.dead; 1 & charity; HETTT m. n. the state of being a 6. king, your (his) dead, death. Majesty; era m. 2 aff. talent. master merchant; Asia # (#72 m. f. r solfix m. a 6. flood; TETAPI 2, a only, as much (many) ARE [ Hittif. I m. a butalo. as; #15 m.f. n. moder. AT ind. Don't. atc. #74th c. to be intoxicated, RT317}/, a mother ; praga Mm. a pupil, a boy, to err; Fith ! to crr, tenta m. f. n. in the *3 n, honey; 99 m. f. n. Nomb of hus m. ATAL. fü m. pl. parents. 777 4th e with so insult. Te me the evil spirit. the mind. Rhy I.a garland: mm *T] m, a man. a Gardener, S. God. Sweet. मन.

·131 PÅLI-ENGLISH GLOSSARY मिग [मृग] m caus यापय caas for 9th c to measure, यदा Ind when a deer, a af ind if benst मिगराज m the lord | यमुना/ River Jumna of the beasts यस [यशस्] n fame, glory, मिलान [म्लान] m fr faded यसलाभ m glory and gain मुखn the face यमवन्त mn successful पुच 7the to release, V ओ या 1st c togo to put off ४ प to give to be supported to vent to caus मोचय to start release यागु [यवागू]f gruel मुत्ता [°का]f a pearl याच Isic to beg मुत्ति [क्ति] / deliverance याव [यावद् so optionally मुद्धPP fainted bef vowels ] upto until, मुह (मुरह) 4th c to faint यावदार्थ to ones hearts मूलn root source content मूसिक [4] m 2 mouse यि (often stands for ) मूळ्ह [ ] mfn foolish युग्ग ["ग्म] n a pair मेत मेत्ता / universal yh 7th c to join friendship मेत्तm in atste to yoke 10th c friendly, denom मेत्ताय to उ, उययोजय to dismiss love युध 4th c to fight मार [मयूर] m a peacock युव [युवन् ] m a youth, , मस [मांस flesh young man He Iste to obserre, to an suffix to form abstract protect येन रस्खस रामस] mademon यm/n who which तेन towards यो (या ये) रच 10the to arrange रच्छा [भ्या]f a street पन rather than En dust pollution यस्ख [क्ष यक्सी f] m रग्ज [राग्य]n demon, a goblin रज्जे कारय to rulethet aft trè] f a stick यथा Ind as, यथासुख Ind at will n nouns a kingdom COTO nation, रजाभिसेक m रग्ज: arope ·132 MANUAL OF PALI 3 ing got. upon, रहवासी [राष्ट्रवासिन् ] m. n. re Per f. growth, groning; sident of country. E m. f. n. grown. That [77] n. a jewel, at ind. O1 Oh! precious thing. fa J. delight. लक्षणपटिग्गाहक [लक्षणप्रनिमा] रति [रात्रि] f. night; रत्तिन्दिवm. distinction betm. a foreteller. any Ist a fa un to ween night and day. mutter, to prate, to raic. Tu m. a chariot, u Ist c. to gct; to be al- # 1st c. to take delight; lon ed; gerund at havwith fa to abstain; m. f. n. pleasant. eta Ist c. w, NT to lean रव 1stc. वि to cry. m taste, juice. Formur mon sale. F) m.f.n short. Ent m. acquisition, gulin, 7 m. passion, lust. profit. T5 m, a king ; TETTE n. name fe 7th c. to smcar; with of a city; Tage a king's causal आलिम्पापय, भालेपप son, prince; Tragita m. to besmcar. a royal servant, ही 4th c. w. नि to hide TTH name of a pr nee. oncscil, to lie, so perch. 1977 m. an ass. 9. c. to cut. Tam a hear. (A)m, a hunter. Trek m. name of a prince. 2014!h c. to couct; tm. FIT)m. tree. Jon. gecedy. T 4th c, to be liked; 10th c. PIE m. pcople, a Forli, to lile, to choose; ». BT the world. to inform. PIT m.f.n superluman. mfas, beauty, liking, forc, *plendour. the to hinder. contraction of t. T 6th c. w. * to mount: PTT 1m rolume, 1 *w. wt to Jisinaunt; *. part. + * to mount, to ride; * (**) m. l. a. crooked.

·PALI-ENGLISH GLOSSARY 133 चच Ist o 10th c W to speak, a चन्तmn वतीन्ली/. same as speech, words मन्त घन्छ [स] m a calf, aapa (ta)m fire young one 99 1st c to soW 97 [*] 1st cv (972757) (arw ]n a tear, tears to renunciate 9 a age, 4907 min afire (7] diamond who has come of age TF 10th c wait to avoid Is! c MIT to cover, to deceive, to w far to open, 10th a to cheat choose for to prohi (7)| a childless bit lady 77 ind better A ind it is proper (for) वस 1st c to dwell, 307 [rº] m a wound अधि+ आ to dwell in apot 10th c to describe, to fa to live separately, praise, m colour, beauty, to live together घण्णचन्त m FAT निवामय to caus W handsome wear, to cause to wear Hou jf sand A lyga) man outcast, वत्त Item अति to trans cândala वस्स Iste s 0 देव n [व] Cress, causw 9, (Taar) to start, to continue a year बनु [क] a speaker De I stc to bear, to carry 472t [°]n a garment वा 4th c to blor' पाता the wind, वातपान m yeket Feln a story, thing उप 17 Iste to speak, w window to blame * to advise anf speech, words POT7 m a merchant caus वादय to play upon 71 1stc to kill m sentence वानर m a monkey, वानरिन्द्र wild at awell thicket antom an elephant घनमहिस [4] m a beautiful, m a lord of the monkeys of death, murder वनप्पगुम्ब [प्रगुल्म] . 1 wsid वारिn water ateforty wine buffalo ·1345 MANUAL OF PALI Wrap round. पेग (पंच) ) man. for prefix apart, distinct. yfa (Tlf, maintenance. frans m. a thought. T') m.l. 8. old. fafarar m.f. n. conquered. TTY ITI m. an or. forsyly ul. lightning. 11 a meaningless porn for 4th c. to exist: 7th c, to ticle. acquirc, get; 10th c. to as 10th c. v. ape (fa) to acknowledge, to expericacc, to know; v. 972 to m.a physician. inform. fam. a learned ir [+] n. cnmity; an. pl. enmity and fear. farget f. name of a toun. पेसाम्यपुण्णमा | शाम पानि /. For mon. pierced, shot. the full-moon day of the faar indwithout. month Vaidilha. fofera m. degradation. ta/. a bamboo. farger m. f. n. abundant, often substituted for u?) much, plentiful. taya n. a consonant. foaferlfr]]the grammitical case. prel, with; a Justy. fax (t) ind. as, like. fafta (ora n, cffort, exera one's own. tion. 777 5. a tolve alle. for m a quarrel. 791 (91) ind. it is FITT Oh, v. to enteri 1. oft 10 snc (as food). possible, frim (my) m. groan, moun. mit (T) (airt fel. sorcis ance. format wy to put faith (in). Tinam hini. FATT m, monastery TTT ( 777* ). reinet, dr. m. lure. lamus. difts.a road, way. MORIT (67**}/. 2017, #nn, dirt plants) J. ( tym sercen. twenty 54 c. so pritratt; *.77 dint of the Sily.in to gurmund. TITIPAJ. F*il, Grup atid.. mailen. renity im frysm lennen.

·PÅLI-ENGLISH GLOSSARY 135 a wood. to , about ** 1st c w to suspect सन्त mn,सती न्तीf being, 6 (3) m a conchshell a good person सड्यm the Assembly warn the shoots मचे Ind if PITA 19-21°3 m fear सा/ perception afo (atrolf peace aft (arg) / sixty Pertas ind into the pre- ** (793 n a hundred, mf sence, near n hundred सन्धव [सस्त]m friendship सतपत्त | शz] m opery ind with reference pecker AR (FTIf recollection, ससिवास m society सतिमन्त mn possessed सप्प [4]m a serpant of recollection alert Toffeln ghee lºver) m a being Hughter 1977) m a good TT (8) mfn seven, man, a saint hence 777 78 (93) etc, सब्य [] min al, सम्यन्त रात्तधाins groups सत्तम the All wise Heart ind from all sides seventh, the loc case 5972 ind everywhere hafa leyf seventy FH 4th c w 35 to be caim. [ff]f strength ed, pacified caus समय सत्तु [शनु]m an enemy to calm, pacify agrat m one who mfn equal ind kulls one s enemies equally FITTE (ATO) m leader of tout [*° m an ascetic समुद]m the sea a caravan after [fur] r the thigh om the middle of the m the teacher sea ryt ind always ER () fike, qofn endowed with resembling m one, m seventh , hits साथ शास्तो सम्पति / property *** (71m a word HET (*)/ faith सद्धि साधम् ] and with om production, zise THT ( Pare) and rightly, well, सम्मासम्वुद्ध m the highly Enlightened one ·136 MANUAL OF PALI अमि to croun soon सयम्भू [म्ब] mfn self. सि (सय से) Iste to lie existent doin सरह [ ] min bear.सिक्स Iste to learn able सिंगाल [] m a jackal सर []m an arrow [व] सिर [7]n a horn m avorrel [सरम्] 1 faz 7th c to sprinkle w lahe सा Ist cw अनु । अनुस] to सिनेह [रने ] m love follois [अनुस] to re-मिर [शिरम् ] n the head member fiaft [ur] / wealth, fortune fhg 4th c to sew सरणं गत [श°]mfn who has sought refuse सीप [शीघ्रम् ] ind quickly सस [शश]mahare साधयायी ma सस्सू [श्वभू] / a mother in one who goes fast lan सीद 1ster नि to sutdorn 776 ind with माल [r ] character, a commandment मह 1stomato hear virtuc मील्यन्त mn virtuous सहस्म ['घ]n a thousand मीस साल]n the lead ma thousand सीहामि ]m lion सा/ she m [अन् ] adog मु 1st c 11 to create, to मावा [f a branch produce माधु and good, well yes मु[२] 5the to lear मुथा सामगेर [था] Anotice m having hcard, मातु (nes mork) ) mahearer माम min one s orn सामी मु prefix good गुधम्मता / [म्यामिन् ] m. lord, goodness tighecousness master मुप्पयुद्ध ind wide awale 4 ind in the ci ching मुमामिन nell माल[ar]/ a school spolen sell adsused मायक [rm a pupil, a मुपपुष्कm in drn disciple मायग्यि धायान] none of a min गुग्गीm kary citr गुसुम गुश्म]. In thin मापन [T]n theReligion sul tic happiness मगित .

·PALI-ENGLISH GLOSSARY 137 ग मुचि [], सुचिमन्त [शाचमत्] | सेल [0] m a summitt mn pure सेस शेिष ] m fn remain- मुण्हा [स्नुपा] | daughter ing in-last सा m he, Ind suffix in so मुत्त [सुस min asleep, many pieces, as सनसो sleeping सोचितब्ब [शा न्य]n a sad सुत्त | सूत्र]n a thread, a thing chapter सोण्डा [f the ele- सुत्तनिपात m name of a book phant's) trunk सुद्धि [] purification सोत [भातम् ] n the ear सुद्धोदन [name of a king सोतु: । सु to hear मुन्दर mf beautiful, सीतापन mf (a person) in fine, nice the first stage of sancti fication मुपिन स्विम] rm a dream मुमste to look beautiful मोभन min beautiful, fine मुरिय [सूर्य]m the sun सौम्म [साम्य ]mfn calm मुवण [f]n gold सोरत [सु]min content मुंवे [श्वम् ] and tomorrow ed, satisfied T7 4th c to dry, to wither सोळस (पोडश] min मुसिर n a hollon teen सुहित min contented H pref together सयुत्तmf सेह (श्रेष्ठmf n better, , n conjunct, संयुत्तममह m best, greatest name of a book, सेही [श्रष्टिन् | m banker, a restraint सवादm con merchant versation,मसम्गm asso. सेत []mf n white, ciation, contact सेतच्छत । a white um- मुंसुमार [शिशु°1m brella dile सेतु m a bridge स्वाक्खात [मु + आख्यात ] m सेनाf an army, सेनापतिm a general सेय्यथा, सेरययाऽपि निद्यथा, अपि ind as it were सेट्यो [धेय ] and better SIX- सेघर a croco . fr well preached स्वे same as सुवे. हस्थ [न] m the hand ·138 MANUÁL OF VALI Eraft [feat] m. an elephant; , fea n. welfare. ftuar an elephant- frasa (77) m. the Himadriver. layas. Ist c. to kill; to strike; fezat (5) ind. yesterday. causal ala to assassinate, fetitif. shame, f. the jaw. fee 7th c. to hurt, to tor- & Ist c. to carry ; w. S to ture ; w.fa to hurt. bring; w. to remove; 2nd c. [2] to be ; 3rd c. w.ait to take out; w. Y to sacrifice, to strike; w. la to live. EST [BEG] ind. below, alta m.f.n.green. under; # m. f. n. nether. & 3rd c. to abandon ; 4th c. to diminish, to decrease; cm. the purpose ; ind. for w.fa to decrease ; w. the purpose of; हेनुमन्त n. having a cause, gerund 9674 having causal, abandoned. हंस m. a swan; हंसपोतिका/. fe 9th c to send ; w. T to a gosling. grea mfn. sent. m. send; et f. a goose.

·Angry, to get कुध (4), उप | ENGLISH-PALI GLOSSARY A A, An एकmfn Another अन्न, अन्भतर, इनर, Abandon, to चज (1), हा (3) पर min Able, to be सक Anxious, to be fera (10) Abstain, to पि+रम (1) Any min+चि (चिद्) According to अनु, यथा and Anything किसि, किचिदपि Account, on of निस्पाय Ind Approach, to उप+से+कम Acquire, to भ (1) Arnse, to उत् +ठा (उहा, वहह Acquisition TH m उत्तिह 1) Address, to भास अधि, चर Army सेना, चमू। w समुदा Arrow उसु,सर,m Advice ओवाद m Ascend, to उत् +तर (उत्तर 1) Advase, to ओ+वद (1) Ascetic परिव्याज: m After अनन्तर (time), पच्छा Ask, to as a question) पुरछ, (space), ind (1) (to beg) पाच (1), (to Age, one who has come of tell) (2) वयंप्पत्तmin Aspire for, to पस्थ (10) Air, the आकासm Assगद्रभ, रासभ,m All सब्बmfn Assembly (of monks Allowed. to be लभ (1) nuns) सहm (समास 1) All wise one, the सम्बनm Associate, to Also arfg ind Always Trend At once निश यथामुख Ind Among मझे Ind Amusement केलि । Ans vA Ancient पोराणकmfn And a, And then तदनन्तर, Babylon are पच्छा च, ind or स + आसं At (Loc Case) --one an. other अन्नमind,-will Attend upon, to उप + ठा ( उपहा, उपहह, उपतिह 1) Awakes to +बुध (4) Bad कु दुर, prefix Bad men, -people दुन्नन m. पाणी | Bamboo वेलु Bank (river's) Sim 139 . Animal जन्तु m, पाणm, ·140 MANUAL OF PILI Boy धनु Be, to अस,हु (2) Born, to be उत्+पद (उपज Bear, toप+सह (1) +), निर वन (निब्बत 1) Beard, मस्सुक Both उभय, उभोm in Beast चतुष्पद, पसु,m Bowl पातिक Beat, to प+हर (1) Beauty gou m Brahman Album ; - oman Beautiful सुन्दर सोभन, min ग्राह्मणी Become, to भू(1) Branch साग्वा Beg, to याच (1) Break, to भज, भिद (7) Beggar भिक्खका Bridge सेतु m Begin, to आ+रम (1) Bring to आ+हर (1) Behaviour आचारm Brother बन्धु, भातुm Beng, a सत्तm , pres P. Brought pp आनीत fn सन्तmfn Buffalo महिसm Belicve in, to सद् + धा Burden भारm (सहह 1) Bum, to दह (1) झा (4) Below ind Bury, to नि +धा (निदह 1) Beneficral क्ल्याण, हित mfn But तु, पन, Ind Besmear, to I+लिप (7, Buy, to कि (विणा 9) Called नाम Ind caus आलिम्पापय,आलेपय Care, to take offer Best सेहmla Better पर Ind, सेहmin Carry, to नी, वह, हर (1) Bird परखी, सण m Catch, to गह (गाहा 9) धर (10) Birth जाति Cause कारण Bitter कदm/n Certain, a mente Blaze, to प+जल (पसर 11 (चिद् ) ind Blessed One, the भाविन्तm Chair Tom Blind अन्ध min Character, len Blossom, an पुरिएनm/n Charcter, man of eam Blon, to या(4) Charlot स्थm Body कायm Charity 777 । Book पारधका Chhel अमा, आदि min Bone अडि Child यारक,दार caus विचारय ·141 ENGLISI-PALI GLOSSARY caus छित्र Choose, to यर (10) Covet, to लुम (4) Citizen नागर, नगरयामी, m Cow गायी, धेनु। City नगर, Crane 45 m Claw अळm Create, to उत् + पद Close to थक (10), pok pass उप्पादय । थाकेतन्यmin Creeper लता Crocodile मुंमुमार m Cloth चाळ Crooked min Clothes qua fl Collect toचि (9) Crore कोटि Crow काक m Temale-कारी/ Colour quot m Cuckoo कोकिला Come, to औ+ गम (आगच्छ 1) Cultivate, to 'caus भाग्य इ (ए.2), pp आगत m fa Curds दधिn Commandment Afren Customer गाहकm Commit, to कर (करो, कुय 1) Cut, to छिद (7), PP Companion सहाय, सहायक m mfn Compassion अनुकम्पा Conchshell सदरm Conduct आचारm Dagoba थूप Conquer जि (जय,जे, 1 जिना | Daily पञ्चह, पटिदिन, Ind 9),-or जेतु Danger भय, भीति Consciousness 7599 सना। Daughter कम्ला, दुहित, धान, Day अह दिषमm Constantly सतत and Contained, to be स्मि अस (2) Death मरचुm, मरण Content, to one's heart's Decay, to वी (1), हा (4). यायदर्थ, and Deceve, पत्र (10) Decrease, to ET (4) Contented मुहित Deed किया Cook, to पच (1) Corn धन्न। Deep Fortet min Deer मिगm Cottage कुटि, पपणसाला Deity देरता मुत्ति Count, to गण (10) Delnerance निम्यान (ण) , Country रहnthe-जनपद Covered with dirt मलग्गहीत mfn compoands) m m Demon यक्स m रस्मम Desirous of (use काम 18 ·142 MANUAL OR PALI m Die ( noun ) en Elephant वारण, हत्थी, m , Die, to काल कर (8), मर (1) -driver हरिथमेण्डm,ress Dig, to खण करेणु Direction दिसा End काटि Divide, to भज (भाजय 10) Endowed सम्पm in Divine World, the देवलोक | Enemy सनुm Enjoy, to भुज (7) Do to कर (8) Do not, Enter, to + विस (6) Don't मा, ind. Entertain, to सं+ तप्प (10) Doctrine, the धम्मm Equally find Dog कुक्कुर, सा, Equip, to कप्प (10) Done कतmfn Err, to प.मद(4) Donor दातुm Erect, cause to be created, Dream सुपिन m 10 कर cous कारय फारापय Drink, to पा (पिव- 1), Even अपि, ऽपि Drinking (wine) मान Evening, in the art ind पान। Except fat ind Drop away, to गल (1) Exertion परक्मm, विरिय। Drum भेरि, भेरी Exhausted pe किलन्त Dry (adj 1 gram in Eye, the अक्खि, चक्नु । Dry up, to मुस(4) one who has eyes 'चक्नु Dully a dull fellow दुम्मेध mfn Dust रज, Dusty सरज mfn Face, with one's-towards Duty, the कम्म,धम्म m अभिमुखं Ind Dwell, to वि+हर (1) घस Farth सद्धा (1) पास कप्पय (10) Tall, to पत (1), वि+पत (1), -asleep निद्द भोकम (1) Eat, to अस (9), स्वाद (1), ren Family कुटुम्प असित, खादित nfn Far दूरे ind Eight अgmin Fast उपोसय m Eighteen महारस min Father जनक, पितु,m Eightyfonregretter f sing Fault अपराध, दोसm Elder im Fear noun) भप,, भीति । मन्त mfn n ·143 ENGLISH PILI GLOSSARY n Fed (pp) Temfn rellow पाणीm Fetch, to आ+हर (1) Fire अग्गि, धन्हिm Firmly qué ind Fish मच्छm Fit to be given देय्य m.in Five 171 mm Flame अnि Flesh मंसn Flock सतm Flower पुष्फn Food अस भोजनीय, Fool बालm Foot पादm,पदn. Forces चमू/,सेना Forest अरज्न वन,n Four चतु (चतुर) min -teen चतुइस Fortyfive पञ्चचत्ताळीसति सा 15 -two चत्तुचत्ताळीसति सा fsang Friend मित्त, सहाय, m -ship मेत।, मेत्ता, मेसी Frivolity fors From at saffix (ose Ab! case) पहाय Front, in पुरतो and Fruit फल। ful फलवन्तmn Fuel Ten Full आकिण्ण, पुण्ण mf Galt गति Ganges (river) गया। Garden उय्यान। Gardener उय्यानपाल m Garland माला Garment atyn Get, to लभ (1) Ghee घत, सप्पि Gift दान। Girl, a little याला Give to दा (3) Glass आदासm Glory इदि। Go, to 8 (2) गम (गच्छ 1) Gad देवm -dess देयता। Goat अजm Gold सुवण्ण हिरम्न,n Gold coin farm Good, the मुजनm Goose हंसी Gosling हसपोतिका Gradually अनुपुब्येन ind Gram कलायm Grandmother 8772ET Grandson नत्तु m Grass faut Great Heimfn-king महारानm Green हरित mfn Grief दुक्ख Grind, toपिस (7) Ground भूमि Grow, to (1) Gruel यागू सन्तत . -est से?mfn 7 Gain one's Ining, to stile कप्प (10) ·144 MANUAL OF PALI m.n. Hand, the हत्य. I अहं m f. n.; I hope कचि Happy gira m f. 11., सुखी ind. m m.n.;-ness सुख. If चे, यदि,सचे ind. Hare ससm. In (use. loc. case), भन्तो, Have, to (use to be..of). अन्तरे. He स, सो m. Increase, to वड्ढ (1). Head सिर, सीसn% Brof the Indeed किर and house गहपति m. Inform, to आ + रच (10). Heap रासm Insult, to अप +मन (4). Hear, to causal सावय, सुणापय. | Intellect पन्त्रा/. Hearer सोतु Interior of the house, in Heaven सग्ग. the rarat ind. Held गहित m.fn. Intoxicated, to be मद (4), Hell निरयm. प+मद (4) Here अथ, इह, इध, पत्थ, Ind. Invite, to आ+मन्त (10). Hermit तापस m. Hewer छेत्तु mn. Jackal सिगाल Hinder to TV (7). Jambu tree जम्बु. Hire भति. Jaw हनु. His Majesty महाराज m. m. Jewel रतन .. Hold, to धर (10). Join, to युज (7). Hollow सुमिर mf.n Jump up, to उत् + पत Honey मधुn. (उप्पत 1). Honour यस.. Horn सिंग. Kill, to जाषिता वोरोपय (10); Horse 3769 m. मर causal (मारय); हन, वध, House गह, घर..;-holder Killed pp. मारित, हत,mf.n गहm. Hundred a m. f. n.; 2 Killing (noun) पाणातिपात m King राज, भूपm.dom रज, Hungry gyrra m.f.n. Hunter लुm. Knee जानु n. Hurt, to पीळ (10), हिस (7). Know, to मा (जाना);rcr Husband भत्तु,सामीm. अम्ञातु M. m. सत. ह.

·ENGLISH-PALI GLOSSARY 145 Lustre तेज Lute वीणा Lady sia rtf A young- वधू/ Lain forma Lake तळाकm Later on अपरमागे Ind Law धम्म n Leader नेतु mn Leaf qon Learn, to सिक्व (1) Learned man विद Left alive, to be fra (1) Lesson पाठm Letter अक्खर, पद पणn Lie down to नि+ली (4), M Life आयु ? Maiden rits Maidservant rits Man नर, पुरिम,मनुस्पm Mango अम्य m tree, . fruit Many पहुmfn Marriage of a son 1778 m Master सामी m Meal भत्ता Meaning, the tem Measure, toमि (9) Medicine ओपन Merchant वाणिज, सेहि Merit पुत्र , merits गुणा m pl one who performs artim , a meritorious action पुष्पकम्म। MMessenger दूतm MIL (noun) खार, दुद, ।, (verb) to दुह (passtve दुरह) milked , दुद्ध Mind, the चित्त, चत, मन , Minister असच्या Miserable Tom 1 Mistake पमादा Light आरोकm Lile, fart ind Like, to t caus Liked, to be रच (4) Liling, to one's अत्तनो रुचिया Lion is m Live, to जीव (1), वस (1) Living, to be ata (1) Living, to gaun one's जीविक कप (10) Long fremf . (time) दोघn ind Lool handsome, to सुभ (1) Lord सामीm, of the monkeys वानरिन्द Lose, to recasal (हापर) Lost खीण नह.fn Love पीति, रचि, सिनेहा M.P 10 Moderate मनन्mfn Moment T77 m स्त्रणे सणे ind Nfonastery बिहार Monk fortem m Every ·146 MANUAL OF PALI n. Monkey कपि, वानर m. Oil तेल Moon चन्दm. Old Em.f. 7.; -age TS. Morning, in the yrat ind. Once एकदा, सकदा; -upon a Mother मातु.-in-law सस्सू. . time अतीते किर. Mountain पब्बत m. . One (definite) 06; (indefin) Mounted p.p.आरूह m.f.n. 377, m f. n. another fouth, the मुख n. अजमज Ind. Mouse मूसिक m. Only एव, येद ind. 10). Much पहूत, विपुल m.f.n Open, to घट .उ.( उग्घाटेति Multitude सङ्घm. Orar ind. Ordination उपसम्पदा . Name नामn. Other अज, पर m.f.n And Naming day नामगहणदिवस m. others (use it in com- Near निस्साय, सन्तिके ind. pounds). Neck, the गीवा. Overcome, to अभि + भू (1). Neglected उपेक्खित/. Overjoyed पहह m.f.n. Next दुतिय m.f.n. Night रत्ति Nineteen and a half अड्दवी. | Palace पासाद m. सति/. sing. Pan भाजन । . Ninetyfive पञ्चनवुति [... Pandal मण्डप m. Ninetynine नवनवुति ..., Parents मातापितरो m.pl. एकूनसतmn. Park उय्यानn. Nose, the नत्थु, नासा. Pass away, to काल कर. Not. Passion कामm. Nourish, to पटि + जग्ग (1), Pasture गोचर m. Path, the पथ, मग्गm. Now अथ, दानि, इदानि ind. Pay, toदा (3); causal दपय. Nun भिक्खुणी/ Peace सन्ति. Peacock मोर m. 0101 भो ind. Penance ani. Object, the desired 874 m. People जन, लोक, गा. Obligations कतn. sing. Perform, to = to do, 9.0. Obsene, to रक्ख (1). Perfume 7772 m. Pain दुक्ख n. पुस (4).

·ENGLISH PALI GLOSSARY Perish, toनस (4) Pupil अन्तेवासिक, भन्तेवामी m Personally अत्तना ind Pure ara min Physician वेज्जm Purification सुद्धि Pieces, in धा suffix Put pp पक्खित्त min Pit कामु Pity दया Ouarrel कलहm Place ठाना Quarter दिसा Play, to ata (1) (gamble) Queen è f, eft f (in दिव (4) --upon वद caus addressing) (यादय) Question पहm Playground केळिमण्डल, Quickly ferty ind Pleased सन्तुEmfn Plough, to कम (1) Rain देव m (वस्म 1) हि Ploughshare From Ram एळकm Poor, poor man कपण, दळिद्द, Reduced to abject poverty दुग्गतmfn अतीव दुगत m fn Possible et ind Really नाम ind Pot घटm,पत्ता Relative आतकm Power बलn Release, toमुच (मुञ्च 7 Praise to वण्ण (10), प+ संस मोचय pass मुन्ध) Religion धम्मm Remember Pray, to पाय (10) अनु + सर Preach, to दिस ( देसय 10) (अनुस्मर) Presence, into the सन्तिक, | Remove, to नुद (6) सन्तिके ind Renunciate, प+ वन Profitलामm (पवर) Infan पन्जनितु Prohibit, to नि+वर (10) Repay, to पदि + कर (8) Promise of ats Requisite (a monks) पञ्चय . caus to to Proper, it 18 वति ind Property सम्पत्ति / Prospenty, days of सम्पन्न Residence, to make one's वास कप्पय100 Resident of a nation TEETH m Respect गारवm कारm Protect, to पाल (10), रक्ख (1) Prowess आनुभाव m ·148 MANUAL OF PALI तिह), Return, to पति+आ+गम Serpent नाग, सपm (पच्चागच्छ 1) Servant किङ्कर, दासm Rice, cooked भत्ता Serve, to उप+ठा (उपहा हह- Rich धनवन्त mn सेव (1) Ride, to आ+रुरु, आ+रूह (6) Rise, to उत् + गाम (उग्गच्छ 1) Set, to अस्थ गम (1) जन (जाय 4), उत् + पद Seventeen times सत्तरसक्खतुं (उप्पज्ज 4) Ind Rising उग्गमन। Seventy सत्तति,-one एकसत्तति River नदी/ Road अद्धm Sey, to सिव (सिब्ब 4) Roam, to वि+चर (1) She सा ,-goat अजा Robe चीवरm Shine, shine forth, to + Root मूल कास, भास (1) Run away, to पला (4) Ship नावा Shoe पादू Sacrifice, to यज (1), हु (3) Shoot, to विध (विज्ञ4) Sage इसिm Shopkeeper आपणिक m Salt लवणmfn Show, toदिरा caus दस्मय Salute, to नम, नमस्स, वन्द (1) Shut, to पि+धा (पिदह) Same, the a (a) min Sick firsta min +एवं Ind Sin, who commits पापकारी Saving alive Siret ind Say, to पच, भण (1) Sinful quality पापधम्म m Sea, the ममुद्दm Sing, to गा (1) Searching, to go परि + इस | Single एक min, + भपि (परियेस 1) ind Seated faftum.f me Sir! अग्य 03 See, toदिम् (पस्म 1), pass St, toनि+सीद (1 दिस्स, दिह Six min, con from Sell, to वि+की (विहिणा 9) m/n, tyfire पहि/ Send for, to प+कुम caasal ! sing [(caas) (पशेमापय) Slay, toजीयिता पाराश्य Sent pp पहित min Sion मन्द m.f.n mu ·ENGLISH-PÁLI GLOSSARI 149 . Son पुत्तm So long as eta Art ind | Sun, the giram So that gra, sfa end Support, to भर (1] Some oma + चि (चिद् ) Surrounded pp परिवुत min Ind , अन्न, एकच min Sweep to & + मस्ज (1) Sweet मधुर mfn Sour अम्बिल min Srrord अषि, खगm Sow, to वप (1) Tail नगुहा Speak, to कथ (10), वद (1), Tank वापी ५ (2)-out वच (1) Pot Take, to गह (गण्हा 9) ~out pp वत्तव्य mfn नी+हर (1) वस्तु Speech an ,वाचा/ Talkative aurorafts Teacher आधरिय, सत्य m Splendour रुचि Tcar (noun) अस्सुम Sport, to कीळ (1) Spot ठान Tear, to फाल (10) , tearing Spoon goats down ezt gerund Tell, to कध (10) Sprinkle, to सिव (71 Stand, to an (तिह) Temple वेतिय, Ten दुसmfn Start, to +या (1) That (relative) यmf. Steal, to 97 (10) (demonstrative) त, अमु Stick कहा, दण्डका Stone अला, पासाण,m The (is not represented in Storehouse कोहकn Pali) Story are m f Then तदा Ind Street रच्छा There तस्य तत्र, Ind Strength बल ,सत्ति/ They am , ता,तानि Strive, to वायम (1), पराक्रम Thief चोर, (परकम 1) Thigh eras Strong दह, बलवन्त mfn Think, to चित (20) pp Succeed, toस+पद (6) Suffer, to अनु + भू (2) -~~ng | Thirsty पिपासितm in. दुक्ख। Summer, the गिम्हान, निदाघ sing धेन चिन्तितmfn Thurteen तेरस, तेतसm/n Thirty four चतुत्तिसति सा / 11 ·150 MANUAL OF PALI । m.n. This अमु, इदm.f.n. Un -अ (अन्) prefix. Thorn कण्टक m. Ungrateful अकत m.f.n. Thourवं, तुर्वm.f.n. Unused निरपकार m.f.n. Thought (noun) विचार m. m. Unguent गन्ध. Thousand (adj.) सहस्स m. Upto याव. f.n.; (noun) सहस्सn. Thread an. Three fa m.f.n. Valour fafis n. Threshold उम्मार m. Vanish, to अन्तर + धा (4). Vessel पाति. Throw, to खिप (6);-aryay Vex, to तप caus. प+ खिप (पक्खिप 6). Thunderbolt असनिm. Village गाम m. Virtue सीलn., धम्म, गुण m. Tired, pp. किलन्त m.f.n. Virtuous सोलवन्त, गुणवन्त Tired, to be क्लिम. To-day अज्ज ind. To-morrow gà, Fatind. Tongue, the forests. Wait for, to आ+गम caus. . Tooth दन्तm. आगमय, Tortoise कच्छप, कुम्मm. Walking-चारी (m. n. at the Torture, to हिस (हिंस7). end of a compound), Touch, to फुस (4) Wander, to " (1) with fa. Tree रक्ख m. Want, to इच्छ (1). Tribute बलिm. Water उदक, जल.. Trickle, to +घर (पग्घर 1}. | Way पय, मग्ग m. Truth, the 77 n.; m. Wealth धन. Try, to यत (1). Wealthy धनवन्त m. n. Twelfth द्वादसम, बारसमm.n. Wear, to fat + T causal Two m.f.n. निवासय. Well fnoun) पापी. Ugly दुव्यण्ण m.f.n. Well (ado.) मम्मा ind. Under हेहा ind. figuratively | Well-advised मुमामित m..n. मन्तिके ind.3 -these cir. Well preached स्वारसात m. Understand, to बुध (4). Western परिणम m.f.n. . cumstances पूर्व सन्ते. f.n. .

·ENGLISH-PALI GLOSSARY 151 n What (relative) य तmfn, Without विना and (interrog) 15 m 1, Woman इरिथ, हाथी ever fan, --s the Womb afegin use of? कि ind Wonder soft When (rel) यदा Ind, (int) | Wood दारु अरना कदा and Word पचन , सहm Which (rel) mm, (int) word 279 n sing याचा क mfn sing White Hamn World लोकm Who s o which Worship, to पूज (10) causal Why? कि कस्मा Ind पूजापय Wiched omfn Worship पजा Wife भरिया Wrap, to पलिळि) + घेठ (10) TVine artif Wreathe, to गन्थ (1) Wise, aw man पण्डित m Wrested अद्विसm/n Wund, the ata m Write toलिस (G) Window घातपान m Wish, to इच्छ(1), -for पत्य (10) Year वस्स, संवरचर। With (use Instrumental case) | Yonder पारिम min (together) सद्धिं, सह ind You तुम्हे, घोmin With one another भज Young दहर min #5-st ind Youth (young man) युयm ·PALI AL-HABET IN DIFFERENT CHARACTERS OIVNAGARI ROMAN 25 พNi5 BURMESE SIAMESE BRAHMI DEVNAGARI ROMAN 3531VHNIS BURMESE SIAMESE BRAHMI at esh The Vowels (Initial) (Medial) Final Vowel Symbols 37 a 813010 Я T 11 BIT ā 03-101 ช1 atte aft Тор. इ f 3 g before above above above above + 7 % Ingla Ī alors about wbove wave 3 V C 2 ૧ 70W 3 wneir under under anda 2319 L u under u under under under under OC 60 + 6 6 alove be keel before bela Top ओ० 22 Х G3 61 9 644 flatte befte TOP 3T am 38 m Top Top Top MARK TO DELE TE INHERENT IN under alrove above winder CONSONANTS 7 131) A O 9 TOP P

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