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·THE
American Journal of
ANATOMY
WANACLO OTOT
DONALD DUNCAN
To Our O TU
Murat Jud
GALVITO,, TOW
ASSOCIATE FOTO
BUTTON L Bam
OMTOTT or Wax
San L. CLAXI, JL
Wiretor Userpm
CP LALOND
MoCo UTVRTT
RICHADD J BLANDAD
Dway OF WATTOO
Don W FAWCETT
Hump iாரா
HAVAND W MOSIKAN
Dorp O Wiscount
VOLUME 24
JANUARY MARCH, NAY 1984
F JY
THE WISTAR INSTITUTE OF ANATOMY AND BIOLOGY
PIIL ADLPHIA

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·1 17 49 71 83 of Planosyte end of the Illora In the Media unol BL EXCO AND DELLA PUDDY facture to the Number of Nacid und lehght in Stelctal Pluscle at Rats of Verious HF MactoACHIL, 11 ETLICO AND C P LOLOND The Mlodle of increase in the Number of thicketel Muscle Nucle CONTENTS No 1 JANUARY 1964 Sua McK Variation to the weight of the Adrenal Pituitary and Thyroid Gland of the White-footed Mouse Peton cu maniculatas Hoth SILJAN MARTIN SILALLO AND DIYORA Fun Lilfo Cycle of Articular Cartillage Cells: An Electron Microscopo Study of the Hip Joint of the Moon MAY A LISTGAIDI The Ultratructure of Human Gingival Erlbaltum Euwam G. HANNULL. Electron Microscopic Alterations in the Rat Hypophysis after scalding Rom E LIT, JL AND L V Dosos. Histological and Illato. chemkaal studies on the Rat Thymus Following Adrenal ectory and ACTH ad Cortical Sterold Administration G VAN WACININ AND C. W ASLINO. Ondation to the Fetal Monkey (Macaca mulatta) Earlmation of Ape and Progrew of Gestation by Roentgenography CAL CANET STEDTL. Correlated Studies of Sense Organs und Nerves of the Lateral Itna to Living Proy Tadpolen IV Patterns of Varu Naro Regeneration after single und lultiplo Operations WILLIAX P JOLLI- Redlotutographie Obervettans om Verda Hons in Desoxyribonuclele Add Syntbeds in Rat Placonta with Inaendng Gestational Ape No. 2 MAROH 1864 L.C. RICHARDSON The Fine Structure of the Albino Rabbit Iria Fuch Special Reference to the Identinsation of Adriporgio md Cholinergic Narves and Nerve Endha tn lu Intrinsic lucia GOY SANTE BLANTL. Study on Lymph Nodes of Ten-meck-old Plate 2 to the Postortal Plat 107 133 101 173 Plasmoc thopodesta 1 Description 9:01 UT ·STUAGIS XI SEEYER Femalo animals were clasved os rexually age door of ether rex, despite the fact active It they (1) were pregnant (2) mere that there was condderablo vartation in the lactating 3) had an enlarged uteron (4) percentage of reproductively active adults had recent placental scars (5) bad (table 1) This may be explained in part larred mamma r (6) had perforate by the fact that in neither sex did mean Yadark. Serual actioity in the malo mau adrenal weight of reproductively active and determined from the stre of the taster mais differ dgnificantly from that of nonsize of the teminal vesicles and appearance octivo adultos (Big 1) There was no sig of the tubular of tho epididymais Dificant difference in adrenal size of the Differences in compared values were various reproductive care of females considered to be rundstically dgnificant Adrenals of sexually active lemales were ben Pwan005 #galicantly larger than those of adult malas Adrenals of juveaba animals av OBSERVATIONS traged larger than those of adults, but the Adrenal glands Average adrenal size difference was dgnificant only between fuctuated from month tooth, but there non-acord adult and juvenilo Iemales was vo seasonal pattern in variations in Animals wert grouped by 2.5-gm body sze of clands from the roproductive and Irelght classes and adrenrl edze of the vari Northly reproducther status on matter ance of Perenyi webculatas uddal reproducindy metin WA Yanke 14ort Cust 100 AN ntrybear peze Artur Xecut ACAT P Dots January 0.0 0.3 00 (18) 9.7 3.9 February 0.1 74+ 5.0 (77) Marcha 12.0+ 10 8 (8) (28) Apra 70.15 6.6 42 38 73.0 68 (60) 3.8 (5) Alay 3.0 97.383 (40) 14.03.05 (39) 4.6 (14) 43 (6) DO 4.6 93.9 3.3 43 (13) July 7 2.3 842 6.4 (*) 917 8.8 (24) (5) August 6.9 8.3 4.5 44 510+ 71 (49) 12 September 342 30.2 (3) 6.1 (10) (31) M40 October 1818 ** (5) 45 (6) Notrebet 30.1=10.6 30.0*14.3 (10) Decembet 14.3+13 4.0 13 *0.0127 (30) 35 (5) Arerie 3.0 673 44 (71) na purathi mode ·GLANDS OF PEROMISCUS WANICULATUS 3 . 6 1977 1 - - 00 0] 0.2 03 04 06 07 08 05 10 05 MILLIORAMS M 1 Aditaal wdght, to millime por um body weight, for Pro ukulete whilch wenn duted according to ro, i and reprodoctine condition. The dane, od Host of ch, were u tollow Clan 1 mlhy actre male, 193, do I noo-oth del malet, 154, di forelle pale, 101, dom, melly actin females, 174, clun 8. Do-cth cult tumela, 63con free femalo, 101. Medina mutlal beropera the Dean, the harrontal bar representa + two standard car, and the bartrontal Ibe rytta the actiones. ous group compared (Ag 2) Adrenals the width of euch zono presred u a from males of the 26-30-gm das wero percentage of the total width of the cortex dgnificenty smaller than those of animals (ig. 3) There TRS DO dgnificant differ to other welghat dansen In both actire und CDCS in width of the zona glomerulase of non-active mulas, adrenals of animals in the four cases. The zona aciculata upd the 15.1-17.5-ma clan were kmaller than zona reticulars vero approximately equal those of the 126-160-gm das; ta dont in relative width in mala, end there w wctive animals they were also smaller than Do appreciable difference in the width of those of the 10 1-125 pm der Glands either rode In active and non-active malen. of sexually actire inimal, did not differ In females the lasciculata was approach dplicantly from those of non-active ani mately the keme width in both active md mals of the samo mdght cau. DODHctive animals am wus the reticularia, Adrenals from females in the 2.6-5 0 m but the fasciculata mus much wider than dm wert dgnidcantly muller than those tho reticulado In both clano. Further of animals of any otber weight group a Dore in femalas the fasciculata wus de cept tbe 6.1-7.5 gm clan. There wu no niicantly wider and tho reticulars sloth gnificant difference in adronal de antly DTOTCT than the corresponding among other body weight dasses of active zone in male pleod. od pon-actre females or between active Adrenals of dalt unimals had thin and non-retiro inimals of the Lardo welght connectire tertio apaule, urually only one din. or two cells thick, with extremely flattered Individuals of the same are o reproduc Duchel The zone clomerulona wus well tiro dun ohibited 1 & to g-fold wide danned and condsted at ovold cells elontion in relatiro adrenal tzo. Individuals pated parallel to the nadius of the gland. of the rumo weight dex showed = 3. to Cells were not munged in a definito pat 9-told ruration In adrenal size. Such tern Nucld of domerular cells were ono rodadons require that each das bo repre half to two-thirds u large us those of the rented by a large rumple condition not fusciculate Fusdcular cell, rere cuboldal fulfilled fa rome weibt dana or columns with the long du panlid to Adrenals of reproductirely active and the ndion of the gland. The cells were Don-tctire animals of both were were ex uranged in dngle radial calomna. Fat- 1mined histologically with of, each of clcular cells of females, particularly ** the thrte cortial tones wu menud and cally actie introds word more clongated

·STURGIS MCKEEVDA
ப
ETME
actm
LLA
FALD
SA ACTIVE
Worm
2
Pls. 1 Adrodd weight, to mi preou per fin body weight, plotted about body weight
in ums, for Prrone monclet, Potats reprenot the DAD for ach 25- interval
of body weight. The closed aru roprement to landard crrort, and the rertkal llo
itpitunts the cititmnt.
than those of males (g. 11 and 12) In dulla in all classes In females the
some specimens of both sexes as many as reticularis wm more vascular than that
ope that the fascicular cells had gready malas (Apr 13 and 14) The reticularis
enlarged mudel. Some of the enlarged nu sexually acure females was
old stained intensely throughout, while vascular and contained many cells
other contained from one to four vacuolcs pyknotic nucld In some animals
(Ag 15) mar so those found in the redcularis consisted of a parmar band
platypus Ornithorynchus by Chester Jones connectic usque.
("57)
Adrenals from animals 1 to 4 dar
The reucularis was a distinct zone well old met Surrounded by a
differenuated from the fascculata and me capsule Cortical tissue could be
heary celiala

·LANDS OF PROLITECOR MANICULATUS 5 LOLETULOSA - FASCICULATA OKTICULARIS 4 + - 1977. - H - O JO 70 60 to 40 50 PERCENT 3 Relate with of the there tons of tbe adrenal curte, opetred Parentape d the total width of the corte, for 4 dum of Peronu latu. Tbe clar, mod Maple are al auch, we to follows clon i Dally active mala, 124 clan 2. Doncttre maken, 9. do 3 mawlly acttre female, 16 clan 4 Don-ctn fermalm 13. The median vertical me represent the man, the beaded are represents two fundard errori, od the bocbontal Hoe rrpretata tho atrame gulshod from medullary there, but cortical Although the number of embapos per fe zones were not differentiated (fig. 16) make decreased to 59 and 60 md in- Comparison of anmuel average adrenal CTER ed in 81 the differences among years wdghts of all specimens for the four year wure not dgnificant. period revealed that there wus dgnificant Monthly change in the per cent of re- Increuso in gland more frota 38 to 59 productively acttre adults were not cort- (P<0.001) and from "Bo to '81 (P<005). lated, ether poulttrely or negadvely with Average dand uze was greater in '80 than population dendty (table 1) Price were in '39 but the difference was not dgnti more abundant in Jamery und Foturuary cant (Ag. 4) During the four year pedod, when reproductive activity us at a mini thero wu i dyticant decreure in popula mum, but during the remainder of the thom toe in both forest types from 58 to rear the populadan wus relatively stable 39 and from 19 to 30 This mus followed while the percentage of rerually actire by an increase in the population In both duits fluctuated from 14 079 forent types to a kerel dgnti.cantly greater Annual body weights of sexually active than that of 38. The adrenal deze In And non-retire adults and juveniles of both cared while population dze decreased in Seres fluctuated during the four years "39 remalped the Ame while population (ng 5) but differences within a dren stro decreased during 80 and Increased clar pero sonificant only for achet fe white population tre increased in '81 male in 39 and 10 Decline in the ever Howeet adrenal see increased aply Are weights of juveniles In '81 wus caused lightly from Bo to 81 while population by un increase in the munber of captura thro more than doubled in the fir type und of animals which weghed less than Increased by 44% to the pine type During the four year period there was Sermonal changes in food babits of mice Do consistent correlation between popula reflected abundance and arallality of the thon azt und dther the per cent of jint food fterns, but there was no apparent niles in the populations, the per cent of a relatkaship between seasonal reproductive ually active adult or the minber of Letsity and season food halte. Annual buyos per pregnant female (uable 2) neration in foods were slight, except that 7.5 p.

·8 STURGIS METTEVER PONDEROSA DE WORLD WD THITE 78 $ DH a N do PERCENT + 1 - no 1 ou ot QJ 07 0, 08 06 MILLIOLLAMS 10 FLE 4 Population atze sprzed u per cent op muecer (upper score) compared with adrent stru prewed in miflam po pam body weight (lower Azure) for Proy** maniculatu during four consecutta yern, Sumaple star of wdrmal weight for each one wa 38 90; '59 167, '80, 225, od 01 284. The media redeul Une represents the mean, the sbadod art represcots = two sandud artun and the bostontal 1100 srprerroth the trtrtet TADLE 2 of Perompien maniculatu in northea tera Callfornia from 1054-01 Reproducth. Hah Your Norber of us NET Nonber of hororot Tully More Pactat Jardun Prtant rally ty retul 1990 8 D+23 47 .. 4.1 +0.23 1959 131 . 29.1 53.2 377 T7.2 IRO 139 15 1122 753 120 4740.13 (13) 4.900 (10) 4.35 0.10 IDOT 102 45 161 +23 Mom the protect up to numero redu much kod mu caten in '58 when there was a large crop of pine red Horretar there were no differences in food habits that would account for changes in adrenal size or population fluctuations Pitailary gland Relatre meights of the pituitary gland of dr classet of animals wert compared (Ag 6) Pitullaries of sex ually active males were epificandy larger than glands of non-actre adulo: they were also larger than the pitultarlas of Jutenllo males but the difference was not done cant. Pitultares of krually ectlre females were significantly larger than those of any other dis in contrast to milch, pltul tastes of non-active adult ſemnalcs arcraged larger than those of jurtrulle females but the differeact was not significantPitul ·7 GLANDS OF PEROTYCUS MANICULATUS NALES FLYAS KULLY ACTIVE NON ACTIVE ADULTS JUVENILES . 103 g ST Hoo 13 ge GRAA 13 Il ta Bas 28 Hs 000 103-01 Fl. Body weights of a clament of Propeczy makulatu daring four chacotta This. There at och pobot report Maple thre. 1 6 GLASS 02 06 00 16 J2 14 JO HILLIGRANS FLE & Kultury weddhte, in multipeto per pre body weight for Proton wanki Lau cu recording to me, and toproctarthe condition. The comes outlet Abroad on fodlon dans 1 mually she male, 184, dar & DOD-ettre dalt de, poi con le pules, T1, com 4 coulky asthm females, 115, dos , DOO to del fanales. 45, den freie fomulu, T1 The toetas nerteal the representa the pu, the band or represent two anderd tol, od the bartowal How TYTE remt be act. tarter of both active und auctire adult mere lactating (Ay 7) The difference in females were larger than those of miles pituitary the between these two dogs but glands of fusealle ferocles did not 3 ganlleust, but peither class differed Hiter from those of any dess of wales. from the otbet four disa Amont di dare of reproductirely ac Weghus a plulary glands from int tre females, the plaidury tus amplient in male grouped by a po body weight pregnant animals and lurrent in those that destes et corepared for reproductively ·12 STUROIS MIEKEEVER SULIKLART ity probably accounts for the larger size Bendel, Y Food u. control of of the ptuitary in reproductively active population of white tooted mk Parowicz Lacoma xowbornul (scher) Can. animals of both xexek Zod., 37 173-19 Greater kize of the pituitary of lactating Chester Joner, L 1997 The detaal carte animals, compared with those of pure mant Cambridn Unty Prata Camheldet, p1 2045 200 Animals probably was associated with in Chadadas, 17 1802 The nel tkm al metres citand production of prolactin by pttula Wet dat to body weight in mammals. N Carter of lactating individuals Med. Man In Memo Rep. 58-7 911-01 1838 Zaoct al population of an u adrenal glands and reproducto arins of ma mice in populations of And J Physio 382 29-300 In natural populations of Peromyucus 1990 The role of endocrine and be maniculatur adrenal gland size in millhotel lactant in the growth of mammal mims per gram body wetght showed no popaleckons La Cortonan, A. (Ed.) Correpas pattern of seasonal change, and no change t Isidorony John Wiley and Bor in size related to reproductive activity New York. pp. 71-13. 1001 Placsoma #moclated with por Adrenals of Iemales were larger and had Latim dhenalty Proc. N L. Acad. Sci., 47 41 2 wider fasciculate and narrower retic tarts than those of mala Adrenals of wotbadxr & Eand m. X. Zurrow IA? compartoon of body weight and thyroid de 26.5.0-pt animals were mmaller than In two subepector of Peract maniculat those from animals of any other weight ar alacted by and KCRATL. Anet. Me dass. Adrenal uze xhowed no consistent 130 24 Pakcoder IR, and H.A Habertson 10 COITCladon with changes in population Chapen in thyroid actrity dur12 rowth denalty per cent of reproductively sedre the sheey. Endocria (London) 22 23-3 adults body welgbs, or imod habita. Hon HA PF 1058 The Function of the Endocrt Gandh. W uzdere Corapezy PADA Let the average annual adrenal weight phla pp 344 Inetcand throughout the study period. Hotman, IL Ar and C. M. Kirkpatrick 10 The tynodd giind try largest 10 26 Serocal change in thread Kland morphola Som mirpls The gland decreased in I male may equirrelt. 1 WELL Mat1 ze 2010) of my ai mala in Hormay A L. and W T Thot 2081 X เ 123 vartitke I thyroid tobacon kraztak * W management w tone for perennial batehertu rapes. VAD of adult in les y Fox Srry Prod Kon Ropter 51 1 + $pp. 12) McLarrer 1999 Kecto al reprodottre ac thrity on the weipt of de planche la pit zan 1701 motus montents anal Asr 133 13 2. NCE Could ud R K Chlpan IN 12 in s the storm, Quyo mye leto ton Idland, Gull of ek it tr of the wood sent thew Took & 5-113 M be Phrastory and Patholic trone Acta Endocrinolark $1 No sop Act furtisch reproduction in the white TopH copy were bor tool, 21-00, In cont 44 the 51-04 cells the lu. enlarged and the proj cell muss gready increas aduit animals the hugbt ol cells as further reduced, Al. the lumina ipd proportion Ccased are that of fon (88 19) 2 3 ! 7 L t 3 1 ·PLATE

·PLATE 1
OnAX T102 O OCOS
Peromyscus maniculatus
11 Adrenal pand of Marmally active femde boring tloomuted cells
of the rond fuxiculata, compared with those of the adult malo to
Sport 12. Pall. x 300
12 Adrenal dand of in adult male showing cell of the DODA fuckcolau.
I & L. X 300.
13 Adrenal kland ! • Kruly wthre frmale abowing the toner rettet
Iarls with ront of medallary cell on the entreme dubt The Inact
reticularly 1 highly recular and many pyksotic noclel art present
Pa InL Y 300.
Adrenal do ad of an schult male mowing lack of vascolarity in the
Ir MT Krlar! compared with the dalt female slund. The right
L tbt photograph of medullary timro H&E X 300
po
wna furculata of an adalt non-active forte
al nuckel and Learned mocked coolatning
11 EX 750
utenlle howlor lack of popation in the
celle in prezent aloot ibu nyhe border
HL
hls
ke howlot Tery all lampea in fotikelen,
101 cell Pusinl. Y 300
shornt lanced lumina nd more
I wte 10 PL X 300
ke shfar the treaty colated
Tuin 300
PA

·ILATI 1
CAND OF PROWTICUS HANTCULATUI
Hurtta Wek

·18 RUTH SunC JAITLY SILBERBAG AND DEVOLA FER lateral borden the cytoplasm had short calcified matrix At no time were capillar thich footlets while on the side fadng the les seen in the vanity of lotact hyper articular surface foodlets were scarce. Plno trophic chondrocytes cytotlc vesicles fere numerous Free RNA granules were present the ER mas gran Alice 6 to 8 months old, ular abundant and formed largo cisteros. 14 feneurs Mitochondria and Golgt structures were Surface layer Small "blisters filled conspicuous (Ags 6 7) with amorphous material caused sucht Widzone The chondrocytes were lying Irregularlues of the surface The under singly or in paint their nuclel trere small Ising matrix showed focd of loosenlog and electron-dease some bad bllobed or The typical oblong cells were larger and double buclel. Cytoplasmic footlets were thelr cytoplasmic footlets were longer and elongated and evenly distrlbuted over the more tortuous than those of young oni cell surfaces Short strands of delicate mals The ER was devold of cisterns and Abrblar material was fuperimposed on the frec RNA granules PreTC scarce Cold Intact plasmulemma. These filaments ran Apparatus and mitochondria had reaalned parallel to the cell surface or extended at essentially unchanged some chondrocytes an angle into the matrix. Thc ER widened shored indistinct or homogenized organ Into large cisters. The decper in the Ussvc ellos other resembled those of the mld. the cells were dtuated the morc abundant zone were the Golgi structuret often forming Alld.one and deep layer The upper Juxtanuclear agregates of resicles rac most cells had hardly changed from thetr uoles and lamellac Glycogen was de appearance towards the end of the growth posited lo small peripheral foct or amassed period. The amount of En and Gold in large Lales about which many Jong material was further increased but It mitochondria were scaricred Pinocytotic varied with individual cells Vitochondria vesicles ncrc numerous as were mulu. were numerous and large and sometimes macular bodies Same of the latter were degeneraung In the deep cells the EN npposed to the plasmaalemma. The bodies lamellae were tortuos. Many mliocbonre * lcd off by a limling membrane drla shared concentric constriction in ad ch frequently shoned openings duon lo regressive changes others had rou wh the interor of the body thickened outer membranes and nere ums dith the groune plasma of transformed into large vacuoles with CTT We 8 purs of ctistae left TheTC MTC MOTY D th zone f calcifica osmiophilic droplets and some small dense ton Tehed their largest cytoplasmic bodies resembling lysosom! dim ER and Glycogen was abundant Intermingled with Ga 1 of the these cells were chondrocyics of hyper Tb Bued troptic type The latter contained hes dola Nycogen were less hydrated than their d counterparts of taller 1 and they are 101 oor too few to form a distinct separate laser fc had get lers Bilce 11 to 12 months old 21 16 ART 33 Sarlare laret Bundles of fibets proruded into the artkular space crude rac Ir ul. los stihin the matrix and Watery openbid nson the surface wete numerous and P 7 Set ihan earlier in turc Fibers kart inc 170 ked Trcant ground substanxe the S be us hapbazardly orlented Cal Jeded upward in on irregular 94 T Fitopped slott of the surface b $ lulu 1041 of intet O d16 21:05636 toon 1 0 W 20 1 Fly Fry Go Expono as SELET fo: 015 1 חנן -733- Al DO-F n 2 imposed ·LITE CICI. OT TICULAR CARTILAGE CALLS 19 twixed thick fiber hed outuna confoci wart off sharply from the remainder of ing to those of chondrocytes. Some oblong the matdıDegenerating cells and cells of cells contained hilobed or double nuda unusual type were also seen (ilgs. 18 19) and many moldedcular bodies Osmi Midzone and deep layer Some chondro ophilic globales were dispersed throughout cytes were paired others were nurrounded the cytoplasm, and Elycogen was present by dense matdx found also in the surface to moderate amount Superimposed on cells. The ER wu foregulady clustered the plasmalemma were delicato fibrills large Gold vacuoles and oddly thaped come were lying free in the pericellular Large degenerated mitochondre aggregated ground rubatadco especially in the sal About glycogen Pinocytotic resides and loped buy formed by the cytoplasnic foot multivericulur bodies were scarce A few leta This electron-lucent matdx was dumb-bell-shaped cello shorlog partial ho sharply delimited from the remainder of mogenization and breakdown of organelles the matt. A fer cells showed signs of were furrounded by electron-ucent matedegeneration other cells Terembled those ral resembliog ground plan of the midzone (Ap. 10-13) Alldone and deep layer There were DISCUSSION fewer cell layen than in younger enimals The present observations extend and and the delineation of the remaining layers nipplement our previous findings concernmustodiodact. The cells were lying dngly ing the ultrastructure of articular cartilage or in patrs samne had long footlets und In your mice the jalat surfaces trere abundant cytoplam. The organelles were slightly roughened owlog to protrunca of well defined and varying amounts of gly Aber bundle With advancing age this coren were prevent Tho cells dtuated in condition became accentuatrd whil the the decper layer were distended, but matrix underwent vacuddato L The rr un amaller and more haphazardly oriented ortentation of Aber was p ralld to be than the hypertrophic chondrocytes of the Rurface in old age the fiers did, at prowing animal Thetr most distinctive RAUMLO 2 vertical direction Ld odbed feature was the large number of densely for the aging human hip int Little packed mitochondda (ig. 14 15) Pimm and Trueta '58) The celular changes occ nos llarg Alice 20 to 27 mortlu old. ufe may be interpreted in te 92 CARDS During the ascending phure wn Sarfece layer Sonne rurface were more the cytoplam dleclon 1 an tti begular than before owing to the for complex toto of orgri tic 3 creued contenen al protruding Alber bun Indiatod by the appe, nie t rinn 1101 dhen. "Blaten wero mumcrow; vacuoles elongated iool et rog i vo ei mu the matdx began to coalesce and there no More Abrillar microscan (gs. 16 17) of ER and La lojra o 4.0 Caldw qyrody tila fremur IT depoulted in Irregular chondet patches, but spared the uppermost layer of large d mit mit cho d musica itt 1 the cartilage. The cell raded considerably couy will In thape ud structure. Some borred all 1211 rc under hot 61 pudd und scanty organellen, othen had lorpe noeld with potes, well-developed thk h probry att org med orth 12 El und Gold appentas, ploocytothe ves men 1 fly ida und multiverkcular bodiet sitochon po real 710 Sinu lint dda mere kender und short, or lart and in En chon la TILI 21 Drat the degenerating with disodented and bc Y 94 nit Inte ! In rest Low rating costae. Electron-opeçue á pleti und mall deports of Alcoger' weinica Tuh dt 101 /16 nd donally seen in the cytoplanan la ere LOD tron-denne percellula dari u unha ex) that keep it enter ages 1 It Mr short closely packenderally II (LC 1 Tuyru?! at GIF 1 IT 1 ( 10 1 בת 1 !! חד ! st e נת Duty C ·20 RUTII SILDERBERO MARTIN IILATERO AND DEVOLA TED came less conspicuous and were finally cell. There was no evidence in support of homogentred. Mtochondria became first a perichandral of Sayfal origin of these numerous but broke down in the end. atypical chondrocytes. On the other Dudog the last stage of the cycle bydra hand these surface cells may hare per tion and swelling of the cytoplas caused sisted from early youth and thus represent rupture of the plasmalemma and discharge the oldest chondrocytat of the joint. This of cytoplasmic contents into the pedcellu- explanation is consistent with the appear lar matrix. Sirelling and hydration of cells ance of their mitochondda which resemble were most pronounced in the young ani those seen in aged cells of other times mal. After ctxsation of growth differences (Rouilller '60 Novikofl '81; André (02) betricen cell types in the various legens were less definite than before although Correlation of cell structure there was will gradient in cell organiza and function tion from the surface to the deep layeri. Both uptake and discharge of materials Not all crents takog place in the artic by cells are facilitated by developonent of ular cartilage during life are cycllc. Cells cytoplasmic foodlets which may play a rok die at all ages; their didntegration must be dmlar to that of microvilli in glandalar rapid since cell fragments were only rarely recretons (Dempsey 58) Since youthful found. Sloughing of dead cells from the nurface cells posters only few footlets the articular surface supposed to result from exchange of metabolic products between wear and tear was not observed in our them and the matrix must be slow Fur mice Just as it failed to occur in adult thermore tho Umited development of ER rabbits (Davies et al '62) Horreter the and the scarcity of free RNA granules Ursue pattern of the cartilage was occa noted in these cells point to lot grade afonally Interrupted by lock of Interlacing actirity as regards the synthesis of protein bundles of collagen fibers These areas probably including collagen Production of orc loterpreted as microscars replaclog proteins and other materials required for Integrated cartilage cells. By carly ob cell growth and formation of matrit crITUS her fading or dying chondrocytes have most active in the midronal cells in which ccn thought to contribute to Interstilal the organelics are highly developed Mulch grourth of cartilage (Soberberg and Saber vesicular bodla serving Intracelular tranh berg 1) Dung cells are uncommon in port were only rarely seen to open onto gror crllage and therefore could not the surface as described for embryonal cially to an increase of epiphyseal cartilage (Codman and Porter hey become frequent after GO) This finding is consistent with . rth and may therefore slower rate of growth of articular as com maintenance of the con pared to epiphyseal cartilage but It rear aged cartilage In the also denote a retardation of discharge al CN7ymi or cal syntheted material with advancing are I bread which Vonoset Som stats platuses olone 1 ftler impossible to deelde which way intracellu se ted in lar transport is moning and whether the 1 07 der open membrance of these bodlar indicate Ketice Incomplete formaton or rupture Concel able these bodies may serve the transport 1 In he of ingested material 21 kell as that a to t recretons The structural Andings suggest that in aged cartilage some of the fune tre dum of young midsonal cells are alro C ont hy hondrocyte lying close to the If 61 hi and number of mltochondria andage cells of aging and ur ent of similar olmeti attor Irr dulng hilsematlon (Prache 2. A com hy all ns cis 1 mu L ·VIL CTCLL OT ITICULAR CAITLAGTCELLS 99 Sardland. 62) or in oncogtes of the trophic chondrocytes by capillaries was DOC ulivery daods and prachyrolds (Roch, obsented 17h adrendo; age, cartilage Olen zod Hansa, 57 lunger and Roth. cells of the sudice Laser assumed charac 63) The condition may reflea sorire of todistles of midronal cells of earlier ages. zmes ontoy to decreased requement In old age, superfidal chondrocytes showed at mit indicate a pus increased demand eridence of prowth and production of for mitochonddal costumes or exhaustion derse mauds containing short broken off of laddal mitocbondda fotowed by fibrils 2 copdidon pot seen at any other compensatory oformation of others period of Wfe. The matts underwent in The id rurface cells seem to be atyp areaso, microladon and blistedormation la in function 35 well as la structure us at the audace while Dearby chondrocytes Ruggested by the apperance of the per were intact. The structural chants are cellular mattı Ared cbondrocytes show discussed in relation to cell function. Increased optate of S" (Calling and VCF- Ligott, 60) indicate of newformadon of LITERATURE CITED talfated mucopolysaccharides. On the Ametid J 1992 Contelbarticol camalance other hand, iped mand differs from da chondrome. J Ulrict Ranturch, Suppl roothtu mundi trasmich is total heros 1. 1-16 unine decreases, while Lenatosultate 10- Coutim, D. Hand T Tipoct 1990 Sub phatod (+501) upute by chondrocyte to rele Citases (Koplin mod leger '59 Lash und dans to histological chants ontrol thetke Whiteboare 50) LOTEOTCT cartilage ma bumas articular cartlap Am. Rhramal D. trots of different ages may differ in hydra- 19 318.00 thom polymerization (Callins and Bic Daries, DTC. H. Bordett, W Cochrane und AJ Pultry 190 Electron microscopy of El.pott, 60 Silberberg and Silberberg, artkulur cartilage to the young mabut. Am 61a) While thus the ability of the aging Mbrumat Dis. 12 condrocytes to produce ground substance Despey E. 1958 Corrent concrpt of allo La ppears altered, it will retains the power structure. In Troodos sp Cytoloty EL SL Palay Tale Vatretty Print, a Home to produce primutre bollar material 9-18 Whether the atypical appearance of perd Comes, G C And C Perter 1960 Chondro celluda Bhis doe to changes to the Dentale, studied with the destron crocope composition of the ground substance OT Bophy and Blocbepa Cytol. 280. alterations to cellular function will be Kaplan. D and Larger 1950A Cortilage to 10.12 deretetned by further studies Kitch. X 1981 Tbe it 2 from collerto solattan SUNDLAXY polyurecberlin und me The ultratructural changes tulog place mbroscook stody can Lab. Jan VW duator life in the chondrocytes of femoral dans la the pol che bends of the mouse may be expressed in SE blage with a terms of yder. During the uscending lurte, LA PO 104-160 phase of the are there mu progonstre On organization of the cytoplasmdc orginelles ON the descending pride of the cycle was characterized by i temporary Increase of mitochondda and subsequent degener thos of cranelles by appearance of land wmounts of cytoplasmic dycogen and lipid and by welling and breakdown cel Both length and amplitude at the adi e Re 1 d Y Toled durog dulcent pe.io amplitude reaching . beight of Orification Cerk lowed by Onlicettina biballar kan. Erosion Pentag the a fal } D C i by ? per ·PLATE 2 DLAXATION OF TTCORE 7 Newborn move surface Thero bose petwork of Aben, rome cut lengthwe pode cat Hom both l m run parallelt the rurface The to tapprntial cut of fuperficial cell (c) Uranylacetate X 22.000 3 Newborn mouse Drey cell embedde i in loose matri with delke fibriThe puchon bowy infoldio. the cytoplum contam ER Laroc uned by ANA mnule. The mitochondria (m) are larte ibe footlet lonter than in the worlar cell (he. 1) Cold material (1) and multireskular bodies (b) in preal Unnpluctuate 2.000

·PLATE 1
LIL CICLE OF ARTICULAT CUTILAJE CELLS
la habok Hertha Mberbert d Dirona Ime
$
Pent
51
8

·YLATE 3
DELAXATION OT TICCI
4 Newborn mot deep sell on dirtilor The fox of data is to
complete, la fome areus, there be pa ton of the celle, while in the
teater they are all conected Chuter (C) un sth Uranylacetate.
AD00
5 Clow-up of Une iclettage (ATTO
) ta them cell bown to
Arute 4 Tho dnding Ane can be Wowdd frotta be lorat end of
the holy formed intercellular pa
The plamukmin ITV
Incomplete and detaird unto en ochet Between the upper and
the lower paths of arrows rt Arro which the Ice of cert po
fully the ER ) Un Lustute 63.00

·FLATE 3
LUI CTO of UTCAI CALTLADE CAILS
La Daez Herda Fita Daron fute

·PLATE 5
OPLANATIOYO naar
7
Fire week-old pour orfuce cel ERL well developed () pino
cytotic Truxles (p) od numerou mitochondria (m) are keen which
are Larter than in the newborn moune Compent with care 1 Tbe
mucleur envelope bom poret ( rron ) Footlets (F) r mumerou
und Lour Uninylacetate x 22.000

·PLATE 5
LOT CYCLE OF ARTICULAT CAITLAGE CELLS
ut fitbarbert Martta atat ad Dera Itir
1
li

·PLATE 6 LIPLANATION Icon # Freeck-old mouse Fully developed mktronal cell with long cytoplaumke foothleti. Adranced orantz tion CA Lardell.LE () Lined by RNA anaka: abundant Cold material (G) Lrto ratochondria (m) and large multfrekular bodken (L paruis with incomplete met brands and pinocytothe Toucles (p) pposed to the cytoplasm DCTE brine Uranylacetate. X 32,000

·HITL 6
LOT TULI OF ARTICULAR CARTILAGE CELLS
Rc Monte kusht 24 min ito

·PLATE 7 DELANATIO OT nuu o Sbx-neck-old mote Typertrophik tant cent of deep I yer near zone forcation Compressed ER Cold material neur nocheun mulin eskular body (b) and wine syroren lo upper and larre lycoren Lake () in lower part of he cell Uranylacetate * 16,000.

·FLATT T
LITE TUI OF ARTICULAT CAITILACE CELLS
hd Albaba. Kortha Sub tot pod Darn Tot
DO
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2

·PLATED
ILUKATTO O
TICUL
12 Ode Tearold morte dronal cell bowlos double pockel spanied
by ER LrayLactute X $2,000.
13 Elett-toronth-old Out Delle te forth a brunb UK depoulta of
Abritter material nur the cell membrane are indicated by arrow.
Uranylacetate 44,000,

·FLATE
LIFE CYCLE OF ATTICULAR CAITILAGE TIL
Ld fulbek Hatta bet ud Dorea For

·PLATE 10
OPLAN TINO
TCO
14
One yo old move Cell of deep la or closet calibention front
(C) The cenb
may long footlet demely packed ER and Dany
mitochondria. Much Colul material some zlycopen (x) and a few
multl osx ular bodies (b) ere xen Tungepul rection through mu
Icuy ( Um lxetate

·LIE CTCE OF ATTICULAT CAXTTLAGE CEus
la habert Horto arbat In Der Tots
MAY 1

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·The Ultrastructure of Human Gingival Epithelium' MAX A. LIETUARTEI Harmeri Ichool of Drutal Kedictor Boston, Menschuetto In the last decade muny investigators The tissuo us secured with a ninimum bere belped to expand our knowledge of handling and impoedlately tmmcrued in of the morphology of epithelial tissues Ice cold 2% unic acid Antive buffered through the use of electron microscopy to pH 7 4 with veropalactetuto buffer and By for the most popular epithelial there comotically balanced by the addition of studied hu been an and its appendages 8% v rucToto to the fixatire (Caulfeld, The first electron microscopic study deal. 67) While immerted to the Axattro the mong with the epithellel lining of the oral samples were rubdivided into tmalar After 30 to 60 cavity was published in 38 by sogonem błocka (ig 1 B and C) minutes furatlan cach block of dusre wu md Andght They studied the intermedia further pubdivided into um lic ate and ruperi del cpithellal lagen of the cheok and gogival mucosa in meaning ing approximately 05 mm in thicknen (Ag 1-C and D) These were left to the mict, in an attempt to charity the nature asmnic acid solution for a total filxation of the normal procen of cornication and toms of two houn, deaquamation occurring in the mouth After removal from the Axattve the Since that wmo reveral paper bave been published dealing with oral epithellum graded concentrations of ethanol, inilbłocla mere dehydrated by passage through both in antmal and human material (sofonaca and Albright, 58 Aleght, 50; inted with propylene oxide for one hour and embedded in spon according to tho Funko and Themann, Bo Zaliclon and Hartmann, 02 Stern 02: Gibbons 621 method described by Luft, 61) Sec- Kurabaabl und Takorda, '62) tong memputng 01 to 0 2 4 in thickness the Inlay of tho oral avity 1 noc Here cut to i Porter Blum microtome mally not cornfed. Certain portions of collected on carbon reinforced formvar thla Intre however frequently show_1 coated pode ad Hatred for an hour fo distinct ratum camnoum. This to atually a recently Altered natursied nation of obeerved in cptthelfuta linto the most icon wryl acetato in 50% eterno I e quads tors Audaces, mely the attached ongva were wubed in 50 ethwol dd and und palatal mucon and to the specalized camined li tn HCA mode EA ) B elec epitheltum of the daram of the tongue. tron microscope For Tientation purpo The pitrent Kudy os undertaken to in thicker rectboos from al 1 ck V vestigate the fine itructure of clinically collocted or a slag i!lde i ll med healthy humm endin epithellum The light microecop mu toluld renults will serve u, barellpe for further studies of anginal disease. 04. TAVATTONS No copolo cal differt res hk MATERIALS AND METHOD cond x Urled to dtt a apo or Clinically healthy gingival spectman parut I the mate lnl studio were obtained from donon of brich Kre obterrations to blow art the fort ranging in from 9 to 42 year. Anes cablo o plagiral copithelium of Pers thula was achieved through ner I lock trd In outy case the sample mu ob ned from the marginal gingni (Ag 1 ) in an aru u fur tuboved upouuble froga the site of injection of the apart wie OL In man, C4 to. 701 both were without the age ran Perle y DL tentatin vu SUHL DO ITI 7 Doll ·MI A LISIGARTLY demain. J Blopbyn Hochen. Cytot, 323 33... 1960 A stock Tigua CUP poneat in human spidermit ) LATTH. DET H 11-13 Robertson ) D 1939 The pluutructor of cell probride and their derhratret Blocbem soc Sympos, 16 343 Roft. C. E kod B. E. Flinke 190 Electron auning Ape structure of tritte, Proc. Fifth Taichuaboral Congres of Electron JAcroscopy la Academik Pren, New York. Abstract. Sognm, M. F upd J T Albecht 1938 Pre Jumlary obrers tops on the one tractart of on motou. Anal Bre, 170 m5-200 1956 Electron mkTokopy of the mot bella ling of the human oral put. On Surs 11 642-873 Stern, IB 1963 Study of the oltrostructura nt podral cpltbelhom. LADA 40- Ab strict HdxP, and Fm 1951 Electrost maphy of lart uphibien pldertak. En Cell Res.,6 316-549 Wal J IDEO Die Oberdade der let odio Zeite der Eplucral in reliefbud. Proc. Froth Ipirmation at Conference on Electron Micro copy To II Spratt letag. Berlin Abstract Zelichron AS and I f Ilariana 1992 AS electron microscope Hody of normal bu non-keratintdog anal bocou. Imal Dornan JS 91-100 PLATE I DLY TOV OT HICUITS 2 Epithelut - fonecth Inne Jonctia do morphous box Det erobrane (BSI) parupt epithelial ce. (EP) frown ander Iyint Lumina popru (LP) y 33.0CV Lovett - JUdhet mamacaron of barexol membende UTI ETIp bellal cel, d, modified detto vode BV Darment pacto brune . 60.000. Lote dutribution of morbondra (1) urodod nocleut (N) u Topal mott 35.000 لاله مه الله)

·THE ULTRASTICTURE OF EULAR DINGIYAL ETILIDY
Meta Lapua
FLATT 1
OP
LPA
Display
ܚ
w

·PLATE 3
PILAN TION O
7CUL
5
Ce lo ritom spinosum. Note larpe number of desmorone (D)
x 3.800
6 Cell La ruhum piorum. More Abrzo rasture of cytopl . N Nu
cheu
1 Tonor pent : P Desmosoma cut in dictat plapenki
latertellalar peco Y 10,000

·TL OLTLUSTADCTULE OF BULAN GIGITAL EITHELID
Kar tarta
LATE

·PLATES
DOLARATION OF CURLI
10 Flattened cell of uperada I yer SC Stratum corneum, CC Celle
undertone cornication, N Nocleu of cell from stratum krin
los m. 6.500 oret - Haxhibc ton Ioatllocd Tuntunin
larpe Paul In peripheral cytopl so of wratur Aulonom cella.
10.500.
11 heratoby Up mule (arrow) in tal mo KUTI. Note to
plinox depletion in the fielnity tbe mul 46 000

·TILL ULTUMUTULE OF ADLAN CENGITAL ETHELIUN
KUI A Lotmarte
FLATE
10
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·PLATE 3 ATLAXATION OF TICULD 10 Flattened cells of superficial layers &C Suratum corneup; CC Cell underlong cornic ion; N Nu leus of cell from tratum mandlorum 0.500 Insett - Mapritx won of outlined area Monstrating Terre kinukes in peripheral y lopim of intum minulosum cells. 16.500 Kera oh alin manuke (arrow) in titum finulosum Note to pl um: depletion in the vicinity the manuk 40.000 ·Electron Microscopic Alterations in the Rat Hypophysis alter Scalding' EDIYARD GAININETS Departnet of Anatomy O fretulty of Teras Medical Bruck, Gelaton Tau Previous Audies in our laboratory bave for the head) to water at 70 C for fire shown that withta 12 hours after subject secondo Materdal ras obtained from unmg nits to a standardized scald there is a rtressed controls and from animals Llled las of more than one-half of the pitultory by decapitation at the folosing time perd Hore of ACTH (adrenocorticotrophic hot ods after scalding 30 minuta, 1 3 12 and mone) (Tlouper 60) Since the cellular 24 hour. Sentral perles of animals bare Locu af ACTH production and mor go hus been used in these atudfes although this remained unrehalved facet of pituitary report is based on pttutto material from Cytophysiology It was of interest to Rudy only tivo rerles con dating of 26 and 10 the pituitary glande of burned animals animals with tbe electron microscope. It was rea Boned that some electron microscopic Preparation of material for changes might be found which could be electron microscopy related to the stress indiked outpouring of After decapitation, the pituitary gland ACTH or to the heightened synthesis of us quickly exposed by cutung away the this houtdone which follow the initial dis darrum of the akull and Ilfung up the charge lo provlous studies on this prob brain The gland wus treed from the dura hem with the light microscope (Rennels with fino fewehr forceps and transferred "60) We reported the following changes in to 1 moistened plece of paper towel The Gella of the interar pituitary (1) e marked posterlar lobe was removed with forceps but trundent tacrease in the number of and discarded. Two Jlces of about 1 mm randulo colle tn mitor's (2) a general width Tere cut from the remaining ante reduction in the dze of all parenchymal Hor lobe one from the medial region of cells which become most marked at 12 the gland and the other from the latera! houn utter trent and (3) an Increase at dr. These two specimenu Tere fixed 12 and 24 boun ulter stress in cytoplasmic and processed separately for microscopy. bosophilla of the ddophilies. In prelimt consequently all observations were limited nary reports (Bennels 'BO 81) we bart to there to regions of the gland (In a few described certain electron microscopic CRS sample of the trte coedute and changes in the pituitary of the rat after posterior lobe went also proceed ara thermal tren. The present report extends studied.) and documents there earlier Dindingt The pituitary material us fixed in cold Osmium tet wilde-SUCTOGE mixture (Czul- MATERIAL AND MIETTIODS feld 7) foc periods of 20-30 minut Animals and riperimental procedures Fallo ing Station the Homies were a The pituitary material was ob Inea ethanol und ita d for ten mir drutet in lucteadng concentrations from yoning mele Holtzman nats Treighing 0104 phospha te acld in 150-200 go. All animals receted on the traperitoneal injection of sodium pento ethanol Intl. att barbital (Nembutal, 45 mg/100 ) 30 bet minutes prior to sacrifice or prior to by C Llukor pontoret calding The standardized walde 1 HITTA vil du Iccted by immersion of the animal (en på H

·No text on this page.

·chances in the poultary of the rat after 150-200 m All untmals recefred an tbelal (Nembutal, 45 mg/100 g) 3:0 mbulo pdor to Acrifice or prior to lected by Immason of the animal (a pt Electron Microscopic Alterations in the Rat Hypophysis after Scaldıng? EDWARD G RENNELS Despertint of Antony Uterrotty fTma Medical Broach Galettor Trade Previous studies in our laboratory bero for the bead) in water at 70 C for iro bown that within 12 hours after subject seconda Materdal was obturred from un ing rats to a standardized uld there is a Hreted control, and from animals wined lou af more than one hall of the pituitary by decapitation at the following tlmo perf Hore of ACTH (adrenocorticotrophic har ods after salding 30 minutes 1 3 12 and monc) (Timmer B0) Since the cellular 24 hour Seteral series of animals hard locus of ACTH production and Horage hus been used in these studies although this Horostned an unresolved facet of patultary report is besed on pituitary material from gophyttalogy it was of interest to study only two bedes conulating of 26 and 10 the pltulary plands of burned animals animale with the clectron microscope It was rea toned that some electron microscoplo Preparation of material for changes might be found which could be electron microscopy related to the stress-induced outpouring of After decapitation the pituitary gland ACTH or to the heightened synthesis of was quickly exporod by cutting away the this harmone whtch fallows the Inttial dit dortem of the skull and Hung up tho share in previous studles on this prob bratn. The gland wu freed from the dura em with the light microscope (Rennels, with fine je relry forceps and transferred 50) me reported the following chung in to a malstened piece of paper towel. The cells of the interior pituitary: (1) e narked postedor lobe was removed with forceps bat transient increase in the nuuber af and discarded To wices of about 1 mon tlandular cells to mitorls (2) a jeneral width were cut from the remaining ante reduction to the size of all parenchymal por lobe one from the medial region of cells which becomes mont marked at 12 the gund and the other from the lateral hours after tree and (3) an tacter et tp. Theke (to specimens were fixed 12 and 24 hours after urea in cytoplasma and processed seperately for microscopy baxopholla of tho acidophillen in prelimit Consequently all observations were Monited Anty reporte (Rennels 50 '61) we have to theme two regions of the gland. (In a few deacaibed certain electron microscopic cuses samples of the Intermediate und posterior lobe were also proccused tetraal strea. The present report extendo Audied ) and documents these earller Anding The pltuitary material was fixed to cold omfum toti do ructor mixture (Caul MATERIAL AND METEODS feld $7) for periods of 20-30 minuta Antrals and experimental procedures Follo lor tattoo the terrier werod dnta in lucreadng concentrations The pituitary material way of Inea hapol and sta ed T ten mir young mala, Holtzman nata Welghtng 016 phospha #c2cld in ethanol Infiltr Ł LI aperitoneal injection of sodium pento Chauslehr od 1 akting. The standardid kuld The me mc fort ya A 1 TA E

·PLATE O
DILAN Tror or TCS
10 Capul yw bow Los lumen bor Coulalaloc portion of throne
1 upper right corner Smetal secretont erimul ha
bee
cruded
from the pontotroph und die either betworo d)Acro ceu noc
branca (1) or be extracelular prce border or the bare noent pem
bin (2) Thlarial remod os bout fut kaldin
(> 13,500)
23 Portions of three somatotroph 1 om.pl od rond 30 min tes
fler uc Idiot Note the Corgulacion of secretory of nuler Beur
be 11 pobrina (y 0.300)
12 Pituitary capillary from dand trand 30 minuta fuer kuldi c
boxing platelet (P) and retur locyte (R) within lumea borba
curred in increased Abo1 be pitut I aux kalded and
10 000)

·ImTu mit HPorn
بالعمل 4
t
عد
گرم
(1)

·86 ROIT E. LEE JR. 4.VD L V DONAS was observed undergoing phagocytosis in cortico-medallary border and appeared to the cortical ples occupled by macrophaget be relicular cells though the bucket han logestion of nuclear debris by these macro some of them were maller and more phager accounted for nearly all the DNA dense than thome generally observed la which we observed Preparations treated these cellu. with desorribotuclease prior to staining Latracellular slycogen OT PAS posture wtb methyl Etern of the Feugen method material tras not observed at ut other lost their affinity for these stalnı. than the cartico-medullary borks This Ribonucleic acid. In normal rats bo of particular interest doce cuttert of nucleic acid was histochemically discern. alkaline photphatase reactire cele c thic falorriag application af the Kurrick curred in this sine location. The PAS (*55) method in medium and large lymph ocytes and in the reascular cells of the perivascular lymphatics and to some method tharply outlined varcular wall thymu. It was located principally in the tent the connective tissue stroma of the cytoplasma (fig :) though farge nuclei thus it could be men in the mucleolus as well Alkaline phosphatas In normal ral It trat occasionally riable in some of the as well as in those treated with cortical mall lymphocytes Incubation in a me steroids alkaline photphatase was ob dium bich contained roonuclear byen krved at the cortico-medullary border fore staining mith pyronin Y abolished sub-cophularly at the periphery of the cor the stain and stabilshed its specificity for ter pertvascularly throughout the thymnunt, RNA and in scattered indiriddal cells parties Foborring the administration of ACIH larly in the cortex. By employing cither cortisone hydrocortisont or DOC the for the Geori or the Burstone iechnique and mation of RNA positive chroplasmic blebs 10 or 20 minuto periods of incubation re or bubbles preceded shedding or loss of spectively I discrete pattern of cellular ANA (Ag 2) in certain instances don 3ctivity was revealed which indicated mated droplets were noted prior to com that various cell types or morphological bete plaching off which may be indicatie Farlants of similar ceDs were reacure in of an orderly and functional departure of addition degree of reanimation 25 the cytoplasmic RNA Free particles of resealed within Indisidoal cells partie RNA were occasionallt observed in the larty with the Conor technique which medals as well as the cartex. The Late was not otherwise ertdent (fit 3) of much RNA particles wus komenbat more Sloge injections of cortisone hydrocor obycure than that of the DNA but some tisone DOC and AC111 Ied to an increase of them were probably phagocyuired by In alkaline phosphatase within 6 hours tucular cells at became associated with This increase was accompanied in certain Ilaulr't corpuscles while others may instances tre discreantred intracelular have passed into the circulation disposition of the enzyme (Ag 41 In stre The administration of DOC did not nacrtoraized raus a decrease in alkaline retult in the prysnosis of cortical lim. phosphatase was erident by the exth day phocytes but it did appear to result in a and the Turme appeared to be more gran decreased amount of histochemically stain ular and dispersed iban in normal animali oble Rila. The auclet of cells which cx fooring cortical steroid administra hfolied web formadon were normal and ulon (5) discrrte mith no evidence of pyrosis These obsertations led to a comparadie Clycogen and PAS positie material study in which altaline phosphatase arty Glycogen and in some cases PAS poster Sty 25 eraluated following uorke inler maleta) increased folorier single a ke uons of G mg of cortisone 6 mg of hydro He of Injections of cortisone hydrocort cortisotto 3 mg of DOK and ( mos a sore and ACTII No comparable focreare ACTI1 Phospbuuase acully was also ab was observed following ust administration served following teren conscure days of of other single or a wees of initions of two equal a ly Infections totallos I my DOC The cells con alnins droogte OY per day of cortisone hydrocortisone in DOC similar stor of Injection of PAS porldre material were located at the ·Death nor to d Dot mactrection at the to apol 6 TEL ID or to the next sted two al det UT TITHIUS AND COATICAL STEROIDS 97 A ACTH et adalnistered for four day the pumber of alkaline phoopbataso to Daily tolections of ACTH, and each of active cells la clusten whilo multiplo tothe audicial deudas employed increased lections of hydrocortisono resulted in the Intracelular dhalte phosphatese activ largest dustert of phosphatase reactivo Hy had dople injections of these bor cells observed following i miles of dolly injections (tables 2 and 3) The number Winterlal sained by both the Gomad of phosphatase statning cells to a duster mod Bugtone methods indicated a definite following a series of daly hydrocortisone po dalbuline pbosphateso activity Injections increased to 188 from a con which perred to be directly related to trol value of 30 while doilor treatment the hormonal properation utilized the with cortisone increased the number to dosare comployed, and the duration of 144 (table 2) Multiple DOC Infections treatment. Both the number and size of the context of reactive cells vaded depend Increased phosphatase reactive cell to 100 from a control valuo af 29 whilo ACTH bog on the expertmental situation (tables was followed by an increare from 70 to 160 per cluster Hormone treatment, not Attende injection of hydrocortisode O withstanding the various dosages - DOC resulted in substanud increases in played on the number of injections ad 1 md 3) TALLI Efects of cortion and Hydrocortisone on quantitather and qualitattu telur of Dalle pkosphatex ethit 1 5 с A 14 23 20 28 15 17 40 3.0 30 1.6 TI Longle 4 tjection star boon before wallet Canon 1.6 Cathode Hydrocortlane berta al detty i my be factory for me dath Dopo quady had between x und zu Costro Cardo 73 Plynorthecae Sms (Dude po tomate e phosphate pooltre alle de telepat unter (bow powde) to rethit on a 10 33 49 3.0 0.0 30 114 180 &88 in ury (Home TAI Efects of ACTA a DOC n quentibatter od fueltatt man of Daltus phoghatan att Trust с 1 1 с 33 2.5 13 10 24 8866 8.3 107 Alo bajection et 8 mg o DOC, 4 m of ACTH tot hoor betont moito Control DOC Copt ACTH Sdu at duty 1 action d DOC fac e days ACTH for four dan Contra DOC Cooth ACTA - by Dad Mul omal (ako - rep at a true 350 10 20 3.0 10 23 03 1. 00 A8R8 100 20 160 5.7 70 quy (HH) ·99 OBCAT L LIL JL ADLI DOX ministered resulted in larger clusters of peaned to contain add than alkaline phot alkaline phosphatase reactie cells in each phatase which may account for the some Care what diffuse stalning sometimes obsned The observation that DOC generally re in the thymus llistochemically acid phos ported not to cause involucon of the thy phalase hos generally been considered to mus noticeably increased alkaline phos. be more labile in terms of prekrvation phatase activity is of particular interett and accurate localization than alkaline A single injection of DOC (3 g) resulted phosphatase This is particularly true foto in 2 cater number of clusters of alkaline lontag acetone fixation and staining by phosphatase reactive cells than did ether the Gorort technique (Pearse to) a single injection of 6 mg of cortisone et of hydrocortisone (tables 2 and 3) In DISCUSSION some of these cases the site of alkaline This study places further emphasis o phosphatase actrity also appeared to be the importance of making observations more Intense and more highly reactive almost immediately following codocrieke follaring the administration of DOC. The oanfpulations The six hour interval op regulation of alkaline phosphatak arthrity peand so be an ideal time to clarine and as shared by the glucocorticoids corti quantitate histological and histochemkal sone and hydrocortisone and by the min pretits folloring bormone administra uon cralocorticold DOC while pyetiosis Lary since marlmal histolorical changes had orthexds and the phagocytosis of mall xen observed at this me by Dougherty lymphocytes was brought about only by and White (45) and Ice (58 62) Coman the former and Sorrison (63) utilizing the clectron Examination of cells stalned by the microscope reported a rcarrangement of Gomori method and showing alkaline chromatin in all lymphocytes of the phosphatase acurity indicated that the mouse this within 4 to 8 hours afic cellular activity was discrete and that it hrdrocortisone injection The utilization of may be both crioplastike and nuclcar The a vix hour period After treatment as me Chizmauc acthly appeared to be cyto as one of several days prior to examina plasmic because of lu generally peripheral ton erald us to make a compraure distribution within the cells Hometer Hudy of the carly enzymatic changes at cells in simlar sites mained by other tech. the cellalar level not preriously reported niquer indicated bacophila 01 well 35 Prolonged treatment generally enhanced Feuigos posture and methyl geen staln. modifications noted following ringe ining in the same intracellular areas of cells lectors Further obrerrauons on the K which were alkaline phosphatase positive quere of hutochemical changes at rant The possibility that nuclear enzyme actly onus Ulme Iniet als greater as well as less It also occurs must be considered a than an hours trould be of con detalle "ult of these observations interest Histochemical usualtzation of alkaline Morphologrally similar cells particu phosphatase following staining by Bur Larly the small lymphocriet apparured in siones method and countertained with baie van ing degree of venslus iiy to cor methit pren (fis 6) did not appear so tkal steroid. The apparent mil tance of discrete under hich magnification 33 that large and medium Imphocytes to thin follos ing wulization of Comort's Fixthod Talvunar dlerts of ACT COTTİSOTH and possibly because of the high refracts hydrocortiu ne may indicate a lack of the Index of the polntal pyrrolidorx mount Decessary enzim tems ing medium cmployed (Pearse 1) impermeability to cartkal steroids Douch And phosphatare Acid phosphatase is ETIT CO} It could also be accounted for a normal consulturn of the mus It Ur the capacity of the less muturrer!?! was most prevalent in cells alon" the inactirate the lymphocforth effect of contico-medullary lorder and wind with hydrocortix st 28 discussed br Buchrtly Inca ins iniendly follosos the admin suauon of ACT and the conkai oldu The modu tlost in nummy employed forc crit 1 tlx contra ip lymphom and the increase in the num OY ) Cellular f ·BAT TEYHUS AND CORTICAL ITETODE 09 by bar al reticular cells observed in our ex In our study tho Gomori and Burstone pediments coniirms the report of Udall inethode contmoed one upotbar with ic- (55) in which stolar observations yet spect to alkaline phosphatase stainlog made following the administration of cor Our oborrvations indicate that consider taone to tacting rit Our obtcrvations able resolution may be obtatned by udog also mbatantiate the work of Santisteban prolonged cold acetonio Azation, parafin (59) who oburred that the adrenal cor embedding, shorter Incubation periods and tex may have numulatory as well as to Yokoyamas modification of the Gomard hthttory effects on the thymus Evidence method. From a technical aspect there readily followed ance the equipment for the Stem Cell Rencral Theory of St. Blade und Leblond (582, b) wruelly found in any microanatomical Any change in activity or a number laboratory suficient Tlesues can be more readily processed than in douations at the reticular cells is of Interest doce where frozen preparations are employed. these cells are tmplicated in phagocytools foreover our observations indicated that us well u tn the prollferation of lympho prolonged podods of acetono ination cytes. Gregoro (43) tmplicated periyut nunging from 48 hours to seven days procular phagocytic or epithelial cells rich vided better preservation of cytological dous thore located at the cortico-medullary talle. Excellent preservation of the enzyIDC border as participating, at least to sonne without tractivation or diffusion was obextent, in the Tenewal of thymus cells. tamned under these conditions. Our observedams on RNA hleb farma Quantitative estimates on line phor ton following the administration of ACTH phatase activity utilizing histochemical mod cortical sterolis confirm the obsern meens to cvaluate the activity of a num tlans com cytoplasmalc bubbling reported by ber of hormones, bara prordded a method Dougherty and White (45) and Schnee whereby the effects on this enzyme may bell and Dougherty ("55) The latter por be determined in the sections. The ad tulated that ANA MAY bo released into the vantages Indude a degree of quantitation blood arram or pass into the medulla to on the histochemical lovel, localization of be incorporated in the cytopluam of reticut activity in intact thasues and the poudblo Lar cello Thla hypothers would seems to examination of certain cytological aspects require additional cytological evidence of its disposition. The observuions on cytoplasnic ANA The unployment of short incubation bebas ar bubbles us of toterent Noce the periods for Gounod and Burhone Hained ppilcation of a histochemical technique material made quantitation possible Bdal in aur study copilmed this effect which periods of Incubatlan potted histochemhad previously been bext demonstrated by cal visualization of discrete reactive dies the applicacks of histological or in vitro and made posuhle the ring af phen mudian. Hosve us well as the countlog af lodtyd Our observations help to establish the tual reactive cells Wolle Khorter Incuba drenal cartial regulation of alkaline tlom podode bare noe been employed for plosphatase acthrity in the thymous and sowne dme padods rengtog from 1 to 4 confirm previous reports which implanted boun, and sometimes in excess of ten tho adrenal corter to the regulation of bours, particularly with the Gorros alka this thryme. Hedent and Thirus (80) reported an increase of alkaline phospha Ibne phosphataschule hatt fre quently been wyed Suur (61) util tam in the rat thymus following cold zing the Comad technique to two stre# whle Bloor (53) obtetted 1 pre hour toc withom pested, reported alloc codowe appearmce of this entryme to the phosphate attrity in the thymin of ww duodemum of the most fatloning corti mouse. While relatively long administration. Verzar (53) 10 Incubo can be both Deton ported a decrease malkaline phosphatese rall, prolongedmcubation is in the Intesttee of the nat following adre posait dismlou or in Dalectory cuma hich mo y rent in TODO ·100 HOBAT L. LA JL. AND L. V DOLU and faise negative staining The accuracy alkaline phosphatase activity was gready of alkaline phosphatase localization fal enhanced following the administration of lowing long incubation perloda is thus DOC without a concomitant prenosis of reduced and renders any hope of quanti lymphocytes leads to the conclusion that tation or accurato cytological observation this enzyme may be an interpral part o a as achieved by our method less likely kumulatory mechanism of cell prolifera The observation that DOC Increases al tion in the thymus under adrenal cortical kalloe phosphatase is of considerable la control. terest and provida Indirect histochemical Tho Wenuty of the specific cell or cell evidence which substantiates the in ritro types reveallog alkaline phosphatase to studies of Jederken and White ("58) in urity requires further investigation From which DOC as well as cortisone and hydro e morphological aspect more than one cell cortisone were found to inhiblt endoge type appears to be reactire though we nous respiration, ryger consumption, may be concerned with one cell type dur and the addation of glucose to CO., in rat log ius different morphological stages. It lymphoid issue. They obseried that the is possiblo that the reactive cells are lyn administration of DOC resulted in the phocytes monocytes or granular letico createst inhibition of the three pararbeten cytes particulady coolaophils which are measured Blecher and White (80) found known to be requestered in the thyrus that cortisol Inhibited the anaerobic gly spleen and lymph nodes following the calyuls of glucose but not that of glucose administration of murious cortical steroids 6-phosphate or fructose-6-phosphate while Clark ('63) reported numerous cosinophills DOC inhibited the utilization of all sub near blood vessels in an electron microstrates and stimulated the hydrolysis of scope study of the mouse thymus. Gordon labile phosphate esters. This may account (54) described various degeneraure starts for the lack of clscogen deposition follow 10 cosinophilic muckel which morphologh ing the administration of DOC as well as cally appear to be identical with many of the Increased Intensity in the alkaline the reactive cells we have observed low phosphatase reaction. Dougherty (62) cver Schrech (48) reported degenerate noted that compounds unsubstituted at stager to lymphocytes of the thymus the C-11 posluon on the sterold nucleus which fallosvlog xirradiadod underment of which DOC 1 an example are not muclear vacuoltzadon and wilmate PTC lymphocytolyuc nosis which are also morphologically ama Tho increased intracellular alkaline ilar to our reactie cell types. phosphatase acthrity observed in our ex The administration of DOC resulted in periments appears in some instances to a cortical thickening bence the increased Invalve both the nucleus and the cyto alkaline phosphatase could be associated plasm and may be lodlcatre of a phos mith the development of macrophages (or pbate transfer between them Ehrich and reticular cells) from monocytes as it Selft T (53) Implicated purines and pyrim! ported by Rabinowitz und Schreck (69) dl - as breakdown products of nucleo Prestous observations bare bern mide on Jd which may conceivably be Important the duterenuation of pertrascular phago- Ta ute of Igraphocytolysis and could cytes or reticular cells into thymus lym be i with phosphate transfer phocytes (Gregoire 43) The electron carce ("St Teported that efloru to estab microscope studies of the mouse thymus lich he pituillc is nou noc of alkaline by Clark ( 63) and Helse (13) both emo pbat employed (Pearsed if this en. phasize the importance of the epithellul is aphalar Acid phosphate trans reucular cell in the rascular barrter be constitucot of the thrrachosphate teen the contex and medalla There pres alent in cells alon sarly reucular or epithellal cells might In somer Idulary lorder and wardy doce Instances Le the alkaline phonphatase poul s intensity follostas th admob thic cells undergoing tranormation. An of ACTII and the cartkal trold Her JACTE 14 In alkaline phosphatase following d Torc dl 1 cortisone administration was reported by the artit ap Voor (53) in the duodenum of the tuet I ·The data, particularly in the case of hydrocorthone were collored by venons alkaline phopbatan indicate the post of all lymphocytet sonscal pin baltoes of a further development of tech- marked Increase in alkaline phosphalive niques for the histocherplaal testigation activity vecular congestion and here of tatue entyme kinetics us proposed by rhage and an ICT in your deux and Berliner (8) in review of thetr ob DOP on bt both recent UT TITUS AND CORTICAL TRODS 101 In addition the relationship between bor Ilog bome and by Goldsmith ind Ross modes and the response of specifc target (56) to the developing Incisor of the fetal nat. We may be observing hormonal cells discussed by Stetten ("59) is of connigmentation of its of normal cella alderable interest particularly since the lar transformattans (theatre Abroblast various cell types present in the thymus reticular cell – lere, medium small exhibit singular reactions following hor Lycupbocyte) in the thymous with DOC mone treatment. stimulatiog cytodlierentation whlle cor Our observations on the increased stain thand and hydrocortbume strulate boch Ing actity of alkalde ond acld phospha cytodifferentiation of reticular stem cells tase as well as glycogen or PAS positive ind karrouheyla of mall lymphocytes, material at the cortico-medullary border Biberuttog DNA far reutilization as pro following the administration of hormonal posed by Trowell ('58) Bomi (49) Agents 15 of special Interest This well who lovertyated thymic regeneration, me Yuscularized arcı has been noted to be ported cordi af hyperplastic epithelial cells the location of large histochemically ac In the medulla which sumetima extended tre cells. Barta Schaffner and Popper Into the cortes. He concluded that these (81) reported acid phosphatase in reticu epithellal celle gave there to thymocytes by lor cells of the rat thymus particularly in transformation Koce mitotic Agures were those located at the cortico-medulary bor rarely teen der while Kahri Hannuksela and hara The morphology olmuny of our reactive harju (63) reported sucdnate tetrazollum cells w Identhal with that reported by reductase activity in large cells at the Smith (01) who concluded that under comulco-Dedullary' border of Tat thymus tome cticum tances lymphocytes Tereal time alkalte phoophatase activity Sho made po mention of corpophile or neutrophila despite the fact that the Mar Grunwald Geirmung Htetn mid employed. Further hot fi callons were observed in the ta thymus tochemical and cytological sudtes emplom the hours following einde infectional or Ing the cryostat and touch Impression ACTH (4 mg). For more (6 mg) hydro technique me currendy underway.hond controlle Come) DOC (3 mm) Sommer garding the identity of the reactive all of cortioone bydrocortisone of DOCTOR Of cell types u well as the ultimate het chear of cytoplaani dlsporltlon of the degr. Bendott and Aruse (58) "The Importanco of enzyme sans ta bormone action may account for the observation of schrecke DNA pooltre nuden sie bewone ( 49) that cortisone wus cytotode et 37 C but not at 27 C ar 45 C which may be Indicadre of teroperature retardation or renulectomy inhibition of enzyme systems. The Impor tance of these traemos in the hormonal control of lymphocyte de lopment is fut by Dougherty servations on the capacity of thymic lyto phocyta to metabolize adrenal cortical sterolds by enzymer present in these cells camy who 1 BUNLARY 1 Illstological and hintochemical modi seven dayi and ACTH (1 mg) for four Infections of ACTI! corthory and then and add phosphatase punto Cru of cytoplasmic RNA and pho R k 34 Mulupe brytections inted with the ing slog toont technique form of nere tallation period repared a phuriasd ethitty in to the Sporty while relaurely long per by proloncubation to okt de o intactation stuult in fata 1 ·116 G. Yux 11 AGENEN AND CU ASLING de phalanges of the second to Afth toes of interest to attempt to determine the and of all distal phalanges. time at which this diference developed to The findings on development of appen fetal le dicular outfication centers have been tum The earliest comparable plaies wert Darlied in two bar-graphs for the uppes those of a 70-day-old ſemnale fetus and a temiry (Ac. 11) and the lower extremity 72-day old mule The male abomed allphus (Ag 12) leus oustication in that the prordmol phe langcal assification centers in the hand Sex differences in ossification were not keen and the ibular chodow w The report on postnatal osslication (ran Tagenca and Ailing, 58) derarlbed in I in Huy appreciable adrencement in the new-born ut in pur, copatay rules Sudafroam latu, Am Ander femalo when compared with the male budak turuladores to the female the returnare the This judgment was based on rentgeno Time that musty Owcation prams of 21 malas and 37 ſemnaler. It wa barbaty u run that the to de pika w TACT very falar withia Juillet at 131 tes kettscoret 1dan fre drettern Fl. O te don to the boatt int of Brute 3 ·OSOFTCATION IN THE FETAL WONLEY 117 At 100 days two female und eight males could be carpered. In the males the outfcation center of the talus, the maturity tndicator for this ago wus al most nyerdahly maller than, and at most only equal to the center in the len wel developed of the two femala At 125 days a male mus alightly MOTO advanced than a female lo that trucos were seem of epłphyra for the dlatul end of the ridius and tho third and fourth meta carpalı Tbe malo was 25% bearia tham the female although both had the same diting belght. Of two unimale ut 132 day, to which tbo male exceeded the faalo to walight by 32% and in otting heght by 13% the femalo me more advanced She thored Bcation centers to the proximal and distal ablal oppbye and the center for the recently established distal femoral and distal ulnar epiphytes to larger tha those in the male. Two females at 150 days were more advenced than two alightly alder male (154 and 158 days) showtag centers for the bead greater tuberosity and distal para phuis of the humerus and for the prod FlL . Onktion to the weby fotos aun, t 140 do (w met A, ankle and foot rt 19 day) right, u 145 dan dendpoon of Ouro 2

·118
GTAX FAGENEN AND C. ASLAG
mal end of the femur Both females useful estdence could be galoed from its
showed seven tanual and fire carpal ceo inspection
ter whereas the males sborred only four At 50 to 58 days along with beginning
tarsal and three carpal centers.
ossiAcation of the cranial base a series of
Although differences were pot of a Dag small shadows was found ahorpest in the
Ditude which could exclude Individual mart thoracic and upper lumbar reglons. They
atlon it appears that bony development in represented centr... The shadows were
the female ciccided that in the male al faint and dificult to count espedals at
most from the beginning of oxification the extremes of the series where caldica
ton was Kanty and the shadowrı blended
Dlaturity indicators in the
with those of adjacent Ussues.
tertebral colum.
At 70 days the sertebral column showed
Although the developing tertebral col a series of shadows of rettebral centre and
uman did not show age Indicators as defin spirate arches complete from the certical
dre as those in the appendicular skeleton to the racral replon. By day 74 the centra
A
o niche
I 171 7 frp or
TE 10 Oruction to the bratry litur at 19 mm keta
KTlpoon of pere 3

·FETAL AGE DAYS 90 110 PERINATAL PERIOD ido 170 CENTER OF OSSIFICATION 130 70 CLAVICLE SCAPULA HUMERUS HEAD, OR TURER DIAPKYSIS DISTAL EPIPHYSIS PROXIMAL EPIPHYSIS DIAPHY918 RADIUS OISTAL EPIPRYSIS ULNA, DIAPHYSIS D1S TAL EPIPHYSIS SCAPHOID, CAPITATE TRIQUETRAL, HAMATE PISIFORM TRAPEZOKO TRAPEZUL, LUNATE OSSIFICATTOY IN THE METAL VIONKEY CARPALS DIAPHYGES METACARPALS EPIPHY919 I EPIPHYSES I-Y DIAPHYSES PHALANGES EPIPHYRIS I EPIPHYSES I-T 50 70 90 NO 130 150 170 FIL 11 Dar-proph murdens ons bcation in the upper extremity t the monkey fetur Lindleg porthorus of rolld ban lodrate period during which the bone tulning its definida (total) proportion. Stippled bar lodic turlabilty in Pittency of the antication center 119 ·120 CENTER OF OSSIFICATION FETAL AGE, DAYS 90 PERINATAL MAHOD 50 70 110 130 160 no ILIUM ISCHIUM & PUBIS FEMUR HEAD DIAPHYSIS DISTAL EPIPHYSIS PROXIMAL EPIPHYSIS TIBIA DIAPHYSIS DISTAL EPIPHYSIS 7 FIBULA OTAPHYSIS CALCANEUS TALUS NAVICULAR, CUBOID CUNEIFORMS I-II Gax AGENEN AND C. IT ASLINO TARSALS OTAPHYSES METATARSALS EPIPHYSIS I EPIPHYSES I-I DIAPHYSES PHALANGES EPIPHYSIS 1 EPIPHYSES I-I 50 70 90 110 130 150 170 ne 12 Jufrit uforridos ubition to the lowes atralny of the main feteselk mshot trn Irurt 11 ·OSSIFICATION IN THE FUTAL MONEY 121 were stuwing npidly specially in the Second period. From 60 to 70 dag tho lunbe region. During this ico-pedod, shedom of the cramhon und viel skalo shadow of the polmaty center o caudal ton are sean ind the primary outfication Tortebras appeared rapidly Uday the opt ceuten to the girdle bona and pain lang Action cantor in the lichtura u retet bona of the extremities. In figure 13 the CNC level, ten auch centon were reen on faint body images visible in the rodatgano day 75 (fx. 4) although nono had been gram could not be reproduced photographi mom on day.70 (as 3). Gundation for the cally but the characterlotte portion and Intersetty the shadows (Iunter distally) size of the uterus aro vell-ahom The in- Indicated that they were formed in se set is a drawing of the roentgenogram goonet. Subsequent centers were eatab Third pertad From 75 to 195 days the Hshed more slowly thadow of motacarpals metatarsali, pba By day 30 the shadow of the lumbar tanga and caudal retobreo appear Ear centre came to overllo those cast by tho ller to this period, hand shadow are better cha In the ensuing day this over defned than foot shadow. Later to cal Lapping attended into the thoracio verto aper and rubsequently tho talus may be bere (midtbarecio by day 07 and upper demonstrated. Figure 14 at the middle of thoreca by day 105) Extenskom caudally the age period illustrates most of the fea into the crul region was comploto by day tra which can be recognized in rotatgeo- 110 Throughout the three ohllquo plom Ogrom. xbowed that the partion of centru und Fourth period From 125 to 150 days acha penisted at all level. In tho tal, skeletal development la marked by tho ap the definitive number of audal vertebrao pearance of the carpal and tarul bones, (13) was always seen by dan 100 to 110 ind epłphy eel our cation centers of tho (10.5 and 6) long bores (tocluding metacarpals, em On day 100 the al heel were first reen: terals and phalangea) in igurt 15 they extended food to the illum by day mumber of these coudon centers can 135 bo recognized even in photographic repro- Between day 125 and 192, the shadom duction of the cervical centre overlapped those of Fifth period. From 180 day, the bethetr archer. The sucral contra remained sinning at the age of Habuity favorable discrete until birth, although angulattom roentgenograms rach as that reproduced could come the shadow of theke nogomet In Aguro 16 may allow deanadetrition of to predlap and give tale trapreustom of the remaining eptpayecal conters of the fudag toto undt. larger lang bonca In partkular wo many Ertlocation of fatal age look adier in the perlod for the proolmal femoral and datal uma opłphyras, and in utero later for the greater tuberody of the Yu- A# Dondooed quer favorable fetal me ind proadmal radial oppures. positions and roentgenographic contrast are pot aliqu obtained in toattoogims As dan tahun berpen to with the fetus atro. In particulr amall termos lados como or bowly developing centen may be moed googden urger WON WT because of their wanty calcification or The 44 dance Keept bb To PULL thet muling by shadows of large born. tan top on her a nich , The Laspecially true to the tonalar bones Kau bop both the world af wat and hand, wd antle and foot, nr Natt since there parts are comsonh, flered. W chwilo tutat ortody Nevertheless it b poudblo to dirido pues AW, * Dency Into make time periodi co the basis min. 0-10 * ( in of tetal bope thedom and often fare on hoon mortal go blu con abik ter of spectac region Jomt nther te hem go wccurat atimation fetal art tot First period Dustag the boot 80 deri thruba pertation, bone badows are not to mod." uy boul wit b gu ·122 GTA WAGENEN AND C. ASLING Although the posibility should not be Hon that the uterus had retrogussed in overlooked of arring on the lor dde la size rather than contnging to enlarge. A age estimates If the fetus is male major roentgenogram obtalood on day 146 con- ETTOTS are unlikely The se differences firmed this inding. Figure 18 shows tho mentioned above are for the most part, smalt globular uterus which should be bared on the time of appearance and initial compared with the normal appearance at ulte and density of small center. Their this time of thc uictus of another montey early appearance is diſhcult to recognize (is 15 148 day) Norrortr Spalding roentgenographically in utero. son (22) of fetal death consistog af Unwual ounctrical cocais overlapping of cranlal bones is visible at the vertex of the skull shadow This dead of the various findings regarding the fetus was retained in ulcro three dan past fctus which may be obtained by rocniger the average length of pregnancy 168 days ography tvo unusual events in which the Figure 19 Ulustrates the appearance of the skeletal shadows were especially interest skeleton of this fetus at birth (171 days Ing aro described here Damely minning conception acc) The futural ortalappios and fetal death had increased markedly Tho ground Tutoring On the occasion of an early glass appearance of the bones rorults dlagnosis of a twin pregnancy to the from the deminerallzation and loss of tra colony the opportunity was taken to fal becular structurc By examination of the low development of the fetuses roentgeno shadows of ossification center it was por graphically (A separate report dealios sible to assign a skeletal age to this setus with obstetrical phenomena of major in and, presumably to chablish the age at terest encountered in over 500 pregnancies death The maturity Indicators present in the colony will analyze the Incidence coincided precisely with those seen in a of twinning in the rhesus monkey TAT normal fetus of the same sex (male) of dala ruggest that its occurrence is of ap 132 days conception age The Inveui in proxmatdy the same frequency as that in gure 10 from the normal fetus show this min ) In the set of diagrams in @gure 17 correspondence Shadow of small ossia all arc tracings from roentgenograms in cauon centers are men in the cpiphyses of the same twin pregnancy They were se the digtal end of the radhus and of the acc lected from a series of 14 taken for the ond to fourth metacarpals of both fetuses most part at weekly Intervals during the but the shadows to be expected at opproxd period between the seventy third and the mately 1.35 days or aftct (four carpals one hundred and axtyseventh day of fifth metacarpal epiphysis and distal hu gretauon. On day 167 byterotomy re moral epiphyus) are not present. In the sulted in the delivery of wabic twins not Toner extremity a tiny shadow of the discal only is progressht fetal development and femoral cplphysis is ben but not those of uterine enlargement demonstrated in the the proximal and distal tlbtal cpdphtues Thuneration but also the degree of fetal which would follow Immedlately there acurity is vfuldhy comicyed in the changing after portures and position It is apparent that Snor and Nadel (44) in their analysis such pregnancies in monkeys offct an op of the use of rocnitnography in buman portunity for study of min relationships Pregnancy Mare reported that they wITT which could not be undertalen in human able to observe Spaldings as soon os beings because of the radiatod bazard in four days after cessation of the fetal heart olied in obtaining the nettssary sequence beat in the present care although uterine of plates palpation gare the first Indmation of fatal Fuel death Two cases are presented death sutural onlapplog prored a sety in which roentgenography parlded useful early and sensithe confirma story obetta finding In (12) death In the first case tfon The mariedly curred and contracted the course of pregnancy was apparently fetal position which was arrodated with uneventful and the one bandied and the change in uterine slze and share fortkth day of festation. At that those should also be pourd (AE ID) Snow and palpauon of the abdomen are the impres Aadel reported that somewhat fut the ·Fine Tize ( 10 m CONTIP 123 OSOFTCATION N THE FETAL WOYTCY that there is a wide range to the number time at appearance of Spaldtog's dgn the of ossification centen present to the Den sutne may become abn-actually curved. In mother case (not Ilustrated) rent bom of the radious species studied. Tbe Bacaca mulatto ts remarkable for the idgeogrm the mother u 81 116 od 140 days of certation showed the uterus Tanced stage of development of the skele to be normal in Atze and the fetus to have ton at birth. Almost all of the ossliation ppropdate boty detelopment partorer centers for the opposes and for the man bades of the moist and an ile are present ut the 140-day later the fetus reacted to La other entrals (locluding mon) many uterine palpation by mortaz At 151 days and often the majority appear after birth. the fetus wu urrespondre and flaccid on palpation and Spalding's don was observed When comparisons are limited to ossifica In A roentgenogru. The cranial overlap dan centers developed during the fetal was more pronounced in . 175 day roent pedod, discrepances to the order of apfogun, and on day 179 of gestation the pearance of these centers because less dend fetus was delivered spontaneously marked on this bars, the Dewboth great after rupture of the membranes. Apain, pes (chirapantee Niesen and Riesen, thus, the eady sensitivity of Spalding's 49 10 Schulte, 56 orang and forma, doo wo demonstrated. Schulz, 56) sbow an assticadon approx mating that of the mulatua macaque fetus DDSCUSSION 11 130 to 140 days and the human bei Comparison otth other specler. In the benen (Blepees 20d Holy 3? Hm, 39 prerious study on postnatal osufication in Flecker 42) 106 that of the 120-day iba Maccaca malatta (van Wagenten und macaque fetus. La Dewbore pupples (Hare Adine 58) It us abown that the se 61) id nu (Walter und Wirtschalter quence a fastor of the vodous opplyses "5") only dlaphyseal and sorge grdile bane to their diaphyses corresponded to that sedication deniess re found, correspond Wholeh Washboa (43) Schultz ("56) and fog to the 75-day maraque fetus. Further other bare muggented k a general primate mare ope razy Estimate that the outfica pattern, Darely eartlest at the elbow and Hon la the newborn Blacaca malatta refollowed in succession by fusions at bifp semblas that of the 15 to 18 conth old ankle, Inoce, wolet ad Shoulder in the chhopandet (Noood Riesen, 49) present study do corresponding sequence the 5 to 8 year old chnd (hoback 51 mm o appearance of ouifcation centers could othenscted) Puprkos achiere comparable be lourd. Indeed, Nisout and Riesen (49) Orification, u Prudmateh di telo bere doted appreciable difference in the und ruts (to spite of tete match car rank-order of appearance of oursification pressed developmental perked) 2008 center to man and the chinupuuzee, and weeks. have utbuted them to functional differ Sex differences la primares it has been eacts In the regions concerned. Further wil atablished that ossificados ta DCY. more when bodies on mm hare included born females de mort adtuced than to suficiently large samples, adability to the males (poem Seneti uod Hetty 32 Fre rekorder of uppearance is of a degree saal Pyle cd Soru 43 chita purch that it wonld be difficult to estab parce Nasra and Revom, 47 Hecca luhu defoltre kequence (Sawell. 29 mulatta, via Vita and Aunt 39) Frnds et al., 39. Flecker 42 Pole and Sontac. 43 Elemark, 46) Stallar sad ability wus encommtered OCDE dous breeds of doo (Hart, '61) Ahhough diflerences to the rank-order en het ons opnemens Loond the others were and the lack of a larre statistal sample to pectre ape equivalences in teletal deset opment, there one basis for math Useful approdations. It has been poted LA Bm Sex differencat cutiet status of skeletal develogunent, tuch hitre proposed in the present stody we web.docomorated Sib (), sodybos in and lint pairs belos compared wert of the Howeser H&M were of different light (1) lu ·139 CAL CASILY SPEDDEL A slight Increase in compledty is du time by regenerating perse fiberi loter strated in the best example (ig 3b) In extingly enough, hometu mydin segments this car the Hght nerve RIETT Across the developed only on the functonal branch Yound zone in two branches both of which which innerrated the organi reached the distal stump The left perte In the next figure (fig 4) are given three went one branch across the wound zone to samples of complex regeneratio patterns the dktal stump another branch hon Muldple branches arose from the proudmal ever TCT dorsally and falled to reach Stumps in each of these feature of in ether the distal stump or any lateral-llne terest in the first of these (86. 4a) is that Orans. tito branches from the right proximal Another case (ig. 3c) shoors dmlar #ump crossed the soldline and innervared branching on the right ond left sides in tho left distal stump The Night and left the wound zone One branch from the prodmal stumps were recut farther ante Hght pradmal berie stump and one from Marly to see how completes the plerus pat the left pret across to the distal stumps as terns would be reproduced with the second bown Another branch from each nenit set of regeneraung fibers AD but three of ETETY dorsally on the left side this branch the paths of the plexus were reoccupied by reached and innervated a duster of dis the ensuing regenerating nette fiber. placed lateral-Une orgias on the dghe ride the dollar branch innermated nothing This case afforded an opportunity for an additional experiment to be whether or not the iro dorsal branches onte func uonal and one non functional mould be reproduced if the Hght and left nerves were recut Carther anteriorly The operation was a performed and the result showed that both branches were reoccupled after a suitable A Flc 3 Nicht 1 toral XVI of umple regiert Jon patterns of the donat lateral Ho nem om tbe nicht od left siden blkch bare grown acros be wound tone In httu tbe DT on the niebt uide shown to old back to top the kit in upple The direction nee Met Llon from kelt nicht Tdpole no 0. Toim turp Abent of tbe leht perre (R) In frate curve Ton the woond to . unske perre and Inpetrated the debt distal rump Total arutop 6bers of the kit petue (L) Hot lorty lanerated the left dui toortd pole no 2690 The roumal top of the right TT mint the wound rane lot branches Whab mamboed te ndert 1 the right distal UMP The probmal tomap of the left mir (L) alvoren tot broncbe one of there Toys the round to be kita tal tomp thu athrt (1) dully toward the edge 1 the Lo beytiat branca Tadpole DO 041 The prodlou top of the Hebt DETTE In the one brush but chand the upd to fonemale the riche Ant I fumy nd to . imetler berre brioch (!) The prortmut torp of the kit pette mot telur mathy patteta, aitort fat one by neb (2) found and intet tud Ioint of Arsland Land line um (LO) The entral Line Deries Wit mot farbe uterials altri * beth or pattoo trpalet A how the pro nagu on the beast bench (1) those it did I be obrn. ant LO م Nous ·VAGUS Na AODDATION PATTERNS 139 R R b R T T Si ven с ant. & *** W lateral them a compla pattern of resmeration 4, Tadpole po 1091 Tbe putul pathe Hylt mod kott parte ant to mal branche which focused place to the wound one. Oor at these () from the bott dorul lutem be deine wu aberast. The other reached med taperrt the detal stomp the right of the gure Note that the Mcht beurre contabuted to both right and left metal stumpe Thew kuaches ...), sot dopioaked we recatting the Derre further anterlady, al where it toplicated b Tedpole DA. ESOL The ground up of the Hebt Den Time to two branches, one which wu bermt (1), the other toprited the right distal stop. The Taboul top of the left per pune to to three brancbe which focomhords also han formed bruber aley to the wound tons All of lo abar taparated the latt antalon lo necutting the tre pattaa vu duplicated, brelating the abertant lipunch (1) Tepelena se trata dump Albern of the debt tod let Det formed plo stade common trak (T) to the mood Toot. The entire to er ble nour the deatal edge of the round Bottle at the found the dght Shtal Du the lat, w plow The right and left dormel label DETYN W mout other interted,' Abano There andre plor pattern nu dupttested, brochu 1 2 and 3 were the only me not reacted by repertog Bbert det wa from da me pod ·130 CALL CUSTY STIDEL A slight Increase in complexity is Du time by regenerating nerve Alben. Inter strated in the next ample (ilg. 3b) In estingly enough, however, myelin segments this car the right perro grew 100. the developed only on the functional branch wound zone in two bramchas both of which which innervited the argins. reiched the distal stump The left ACITO In the next figure (ig. 4) are gtved three Kent one buch Acron the wound como to exempla of complex regeneratiro pattern tho dletal stump another branch, host Maldple brunches arose from the prodmal ever grey dontally and filled to reach stumps to each of these. A featuro of fnelther the distal sump or any lateral-line terest in the first of theme (Ag. 4) l that orgina two branches from the right prodral Another car (i 30) bows admlar Atump crossed the midline ud fonetyhted branching on the right and left ddes in the left distal rump The Ught and lett the wound zone. One brunch from the produal stumps were recut further anto dght proximal Derve sump and one from Norly to mohon completely the planu pat the ldt grow LCTOR to the distal stumps as terns would be reproduced with the recond shown Another branch from each DeTVO set of regenerating Aber. All but three of grow dormally on the left side this branch the paths of the plexus were rooccupied by reached and tranerated a cluster of die the ensuing regenerdag nerve Alben. placed latenul-Hos orgens on the dght ddo the dollar brunch Innervated nothing. This case afforded m opportunity for an additional experiment to see whether or R not the two dortal brunches ano functonal and one Dorr-functional would be reproduced if the night and left nerves were recut farther anteriorly The operation mu performed and the result showed that both branches were reoccupled after a mutable R a b 1 F. 3 Right lateral news of dampla ropter Hoop ttr 1 tbe dorm? LaternHbo barv on the right and kft sides which bero prown CTO the wound pop. In auch cure the DTTI on the dybt nda is abowa to robd black, that on the left in ottpple. The direction of poor peneration wu from kit to drht Tadpolo Do. 1830 Prutmal stump Bber of the right pern (R) w In ronde comme «Tow the woumd Du ngho PUTT and Inpervited the right distal rump Proximal stump Abers of the lett Darma (L) met lurty todented the wit datal ramp , Tad palo no. 2000. The paral stomp of the root To co toto the round mo, In two beschry which recombloed to immits the right detal stomp The proximal stamp of the loft part (L) lo pure ne to two breacbet, ape of the w Acro the word to the litt drtal sump tbe other (1) w dorzally toward the ap of the no # an beint brunch. , Tadpole no The protrool Kompet the right MYO par no to od brunch that croched the sound to thiyent the dght ortal cuopp und to . imeler abronunt brooch (1) The probal stump of the left Domy abied. Solat Tepepetat pathar, acope that one brunch (1) food tad Importad dosta a doleord Laballos ar TO (LO) The donul latellide Det recut other antalet efter at pootha. The pattern wu rupeatod. Biruito bomine D pot merparco the bermunt branch (1) thoogte it did on the other с ven 2 ant LO Turut 3 ·SICTI YOTE ULTATOY PATTDLY R a R b R T Si ant. ven. Me Licht latent row of couples pattuone al recoton. Tadpole po, 1001 The pertinal ortope of the right and Wt Darrou more to wul bruce which formed photos to the rand Book One of these (4) from the left dorual lateral line nerte wu bertant. The obchod od towarded the distal mump at the right of the Drunk Moto that the right nerve cootobuted to both right and let metal stumpe Three branchen (1.1)) wit met duplented on rucutting the nation for the oturdody, all other wore cophound Topola no . The prortmal dorp of the right per than to two beaches, which mu abonent (1), the other top rated the Hight thtal Hump. The postcoal trany of the left serta per them to three brancbe which recombined) klo dice loop was formed further aloor to the found poor. An of tte Abonnectuted the left tittel som do recotting the cathe pattern vw deptated. Inolodine the batut brunch men frog web nend (1) S Tadpole as 10. Prebral Rap Albers the matt od hott Darre formed plen cuple common trunk (T) to the pound poor. Tha an rive to metal bracket Dear tba dletel oder of the wood so of these found the debt alsual Home sth Here The tatt und koft docul lettoHide pinos we recul further retty Alport to the please pattern wu treptouted: branche 1 L und a de mly coins 4 roccupied by Nroenittory obose ·142 CALL MATTY TEDEL L 3 2 6 R с B wound zone cut Nov 9 Fela 2 ven ant. 1 ant. SBA FLE 6 Left lateral vier of fanerreta o laterale arran to und near the wound cone by blocked laterale pent that filed to touch total stumpTadpole pa, 1870. The poubel er of mp cat on November path indicated by the arrow the sketch show the rurat status on Fabrday mood, Dearly three months after the operation. Both Lett (L) and right (A) procroal stamp talled to grow LOTO the wound TD Instred thry TOT u toditeated by branches lod 3 md mapplied closters of laterale Orro at A und B on the left side, which domloped trom dloplaced or un metodal that had been cerched tato the wound tone. An additional bunch (1) t the prostmal edge of the wound curred back to apply scrary tonernition for clettr targam (C) which was also rappled by another branch. Crossed the wound zone to the distal stump The next emplo (fig 7) Muerte D- The lateral-le organs of the cluster Dear other complex regenendre pattern with est the practual edge of the wound there Forno additional poterorthy features. Sev also deflected dorsally along the regenerat enal branches deserve special attention tag Dervo AlberiAs the indtridual nerve One of these TETY ACTO tho pound zod filber grew and became myelinated there and Innerrated R clutter af two organ at Occured marked Increase in the number of the distal edge It did not reach other aurocated organs. These became arranged distal gump. A second branch arose from in & much elongated duster or clusten the right prordmal stump grew nearly to ulang the deflected nerve. On Apri egb the edge of the dorul in, then looped back teenth the number of organs had increured to join a bruch from the left proomul to 27 on May second to 36 aa May twen stump. It became myelinated and reteth to 44 and on May thlitheth (and Jone mained to an indicator that it succes poventh) to 48 In contrast to the large fully Innervated a lateralide arran. A number the nearest thrce durten proch third branch from the right promoal mally consisted respectirely of 8 7 md 7 stump grew acTon the midline und inorgan. Twelve myelinated filbers turn nerated a cluster of argan on the left Ished the DTTe apply for the 48 organs dde, a duster which us already Inner On the opposte ade in this tadpole, the wted by e branch from the left prodml Hght prodnal surop Abers crossed the stump A total of 11 oryang developed in wound one and entered the distal stump. this cluster This large number which was There mu no similar extraordinary mulut greater than the arenage mu probably as plication of argans Ite that on the left. adbable to the rich perro apply Thus in this case us to the preceding one The next case hlatory prezente in blocked regenerating lateralne Derren In ttro sketches (fig. 8) During the eady it duced compensatory organ muldplication generative period after the int operation in the lost cluster they innervited. A suit some mense orgam were carried into the able balınce mu thus attained between repatr zone From there are a dwter of the number of perre Bbent and the fimber ten argán. The organ, mere Innerated by al orgon. three separate deres of the planus to the ·VASUL NAVE LICENTATIOY PATILINS 143 Oct 23 cut R B Apr 26 ven ant. 2 FX. 7 Ribut lateral view of Attractttre putter found by a very long loop forma tou Tudpol Do. 2004. The condimony on bown on April twenty-stath x months after 1 Octobar twenty-third from the prudmal rtump at the right per turto branchen com Opebernet (2) grow donely about to the entre of the fin mnd then looped back to Joh breach the latt den disting of about 2.5 mm Bruch 1 inched patr of haben wuppe () at the data pe of round on Branch 3 innervated some of faster of lateral towarno (D) u the poorthmslot of worced to the left side op poton. The chibal taperkthorn to this caster of lateral tre ortens (D) CD from branch 4 the hit the palr bone. A second operation cupod Tegenerating Aben, though all of the main temporary depervation only Regenerating paths to the repatr done were one of tho DETTE Aberi coce again occupied the rest eliminated branches was foatured by itx on pathways of the plotis including the wharp change in direction as it doubled three that led to the duster of organs back on trelf to rejoin the norvo from Another poster presented in Interesting which it odgnated. history Thh cluster of four organs at the Tho next care bistory (Ag 10) ahowi destal odpe of the wound zero wu pro succeedvely the first regenerative pattern vided with two innervating branchen after in the wound Dope to second regeneratino the first operatie. One of these we lost pattero, add then the patter of deguyen before the second operation the other mu don resulting from transection of the left duplicated after the second operation proximal stump nerve only A comparison of the first to sketcher bow how the The three sketches of the best cax hie Dory () Illuarite a topatrzono pattan man paths were occupied by the accood set of regenerating Albena Subeldiary at dictent ttmcı Over in dght-month pathway, BOTTOVET Wcte permanently los pedded Three sabaddlary paths were ellunt. Trustcction of the left proximal stamp nated. This an aberrant brunch which nerve was followed by degeneration of it alded a poul terre falled to impervato nerve and its branches in the wound me lateralide sense min. Being functionless The degenerating fiber were ready been altmately degenerated and deappeared. Alable under the microscope Thero libero The other att paths were also elim! were distributed to both debt and mated by the second operation. They were distal gump & Indicated in the Dot reoccupied by my of the recood set of sketch. it ·146 CALL CASEY SPEIDEL May 8 R June 8 K cut L R 2 June 12 Ven. ant PL 10 Estrateatlas of rabattery paths and duplication of mata pattern on recortoci also demonstration of mored perry distribution to det pumpe. Tadpoke no. 280 Lateral thew from neht shtet (upp sketch) showtos retreat pattern muy debith de ponths after tattel cut ca November nath On May debth Mecand cut through both DETTO (AL) medaly mu muda, us fodice by the LITOW by Jonxe dahth homo to the second sketch, the mata pattern wu doplotted, tochading brunch which followed gol pete ($) for phort distance tra lenit to fath the lett Metal stump. Branco i 3) were pot duplicated. On je goth bekah Labtrahlte pern wu cot gata estar Hody: the shit ane haft totect On one twelfth, Daria degtoration, o todlanud by the circles, wo copepicuou troletar por Obm od the common front 6 and of boda nght and left distal terapi Branch 4 Linue dederated Spiral nerve fibers In Lateraktine branches whatever toward the organs. It distal stops mus apparent that there mas no particular finity betteen spoel nervo Abert und Seterul caves buvo already been do lateral-line organs corresponding to that cotilbed to which aberrant Laten-toe flberi between lateraline pervo abep od or Jatned sptoal Detts. Some auses hme uto GLL In turp comtrast, on the opposite been ren in which aberrant samal perro dde of the fin to this sone tadpalo (Dot Abers pre into the distal stumps of lateru Mustrited) the cut distal stump of the lat lude nette Tiro aper ere lutated. Erul-line pere Tus reoccupied by repen Lo the fint of these (fig. 13) the distal grating latenHine perve fiberi. There tump of a art lateral line porte e rendly interrated all daster of arpan tered only by regenerating spinal perre wong the path Abeal. There Abert per put to duster In the second of theke cakes (fig. 14) the of laterall.de arguns but falled to read ang distal sump of Jatenul Une Dete TUS OC ·at the distal stop by December fourth the right doo Late DETTE Lalba (L. u OSD. Tutit darul Istolthe DT had to the lett a U titrd sne lukete matte Hart Loodetod with cho TACOL NIYL REOLZLATION PATIENS 147 MLN dLN May 6 cut MLN dLN May 12 2 ven ant. 1 TEL. 11 Occupation of detal stump of dasal latonline now by brunch trun tho Lale Don following cut audacrla tadpole no. 1858, lateral vhow from rgbt ke bowling deep coton Way atath through darul AA rang darnal Latural-lo. Der (1) mod teaching the path lateral do Dant (MIN Reparation calckly followed hy Hry tworth Duw bech (1) had grown oat from the main lateral-line Dona donully od bobo the Hatal stomp of the dopel lateral toe dan. A reporttag aberent brooch (1) donul lateral de DATTO wu alao Walbito powing aloor the edge of the wound tonally m LN R L Sep 15 R dLN IT gap cut R MLN Dec. 4 ven RdLNO ant twention of more lateral lima per pod ops by sbarrot practae sump ante la continue on september that the momentine botte contre le ultima pering medte van 4 ·148 CALL Cum SPIDEL dLN A B T ob do * Cut Jan) A B Feb 10 Yeni ant I FL. 13 Occopatico d dual top of dors Labrullboxe dere by bol nave Ober with fattore d this to funerata modstad Labruline orpros Tudpole bo, ms. Latarul hw dron right dde showing ploun (8) non dipht der al laterals per (LN) A ut cut la docul as on Jequiry Arst (opper chitch) wretag the dorsal Laberino nerre matinady a dlated by the LTOWN raconting Abers from the prandmal utumy rruched the distal pomp. Trore Fabruary repood on, this stomp me occupied by Abort of prw branch from the nearby spinal para By February dyhteenth (lower watch) to pinal par Abers, ao mrelated, had from past the two deste af Larshine a (AB) bow., a distancy of more than 3 mm. There were do brunchos pra od to the organu, DLN 0 Sept 144 cut D dLN 20 தன் 1 00 Yen # ant Apr 1946 Fuc. 14 Nedrocutoa odhul LaboraHoe om Hump by both lata-ne und pind Om Abs, with personaliserine in by Lorraline nove sben oly Ted pale da 3002 Latoul en from left alde bowtos de of up cut in den Intake POTI (IN) 4 Lodiested by the row feptember 1944 Aplon DeTT (S) pd ML anda Laterhoe annues, Indoned by the circle 4 bowo. A ople labuh perne Aber in the woand mop kod ad the dihul topp Intratto the lateral line apm. The condido la bawa for ARD 116 A spoel perrt Iber aro falard de dag somy und malog # for about 5 m (A & B) Albocah it per tro Lahorar Els curtas, oth no betebu to bem. At the tal-110 MAN ble det litt brancba obert Louie two dosttrapn todtog i Dtbe het immer horobout duster it ·criting beat to become myelinated to tretirate the duftent of the or that my pettona, the number of rent kb toteutuint to note that, despite poste dde, (2) thero Yus marked over pied board mately on both dda. Tutocomert the stated perre trunto compensate for the nerve defidt totits core ad mot Pucent the roperte Alben trom yowing the my nally blocked ha regeneration by YAGUS NEVE RECLILIATION PATTERNS 149 copted by both e literal line perTT Aber Esportments affecting polarity und a spinal pervo Aber The father to of relato detton berited the crops along the path, the Tho Det four care hiatodes provided re latte dd Dot Again It w apparent that generativo patterns which involved there was no finity between spinal nerve change in the poterity of reindervation fea Bent und literal-tne organs even though tored by growth of Aber in distal stumps by chance these were placed in close juxta In repetie direction that toward the potion root of the wall Instead of toward the tip In the fint of these, (fig. 18) three pre- Sxcentce shift from ride to ride in the Iiminary gaps irere cut in the darnal fa in renervatba of the distal tempo of October On the dght side regeneradne the dorsal lateral-line merdes and Abers failed to cou the most caudal gap. thetr associated sense organs On the halt ddo regenerating Albers cronsed The accompanying card history (ilg. 15) this pop grew to tho end of the left distal dowed that ctther the right or left prort tump then crossed by way of a loop to mal stump of the darwal lateral-Iine Aervo the tip of the dght daal Hump and grow could facobh the rennervattag Aben for proxtmally to the edge of the gap. Thus the ten distal clusters of sense orged on local the dini stumps and their emoctmed emne organs the right became reinnervated by nerve A In this animals 1 result of several preben growing in roterte dtrection (December eleventh) This reverse growth covered Hou operations both prodnal stumps pop a distance of 5.8 mm. phed Date fibent to both distal stumpu, as Next an extemtve gap was cut verine own to the sketch of February teath. Tits condition warded a favorable ena. the nervea of both dder. It was thought that arch an operation might Induce Aben boulcal beds for rubsequent operations to from the sight proodmal stump to cross the dece de to side hitt in Innervation. Wound Topo and take over the innervation Fat the left pracunal mump was tren of the ilght distal tup This did nox oc tected, lartng the right proximal stump cur horrever Instead regenerating iberu the sole pource of reinderredag Aben. from both proudmal stumps crossed the per the Mybet prordmal stump wu bec pop and innovated the lett distal stump tored, lemn the left proximal stump us only (February fourths Tho left DerTO da de kurce of reinservadng fiberi. wu then recut twee leaving regenerator Resealants the left proximal stump once Abers from the dght proxtroal stump us the appropriate the interval role source of reincretion of the loft dls marta bort about sole reinderratlon by tal stump and the associated sense organet non pembel stocap Aber (Aprü ant) Only dx of the nino cluster became the Then, etter erection og the dght ponudima! Dervated (February twenty Afth) A final stop mother in to the left followed transection of the prodmal stump nerve (Apo forth) At the end of the ex on the right side was followed by InDerv ponent (Woy brenty ninth) boch prorl ton of the sumo part of the left dikal il tempo sippblod relapervating Abors Kump and of the same ex dusters of merite Throughout the case history time arrin (Minich elghth) The following features are of particuder wus teed between cuts for the Interest in this car (1) Ten chunen a tenue orpem rocedred their tonervation to THEIR order from nervo Abent of the growth by my of a terminal loop at rupe eruting Abeno o one aldo, parendy (3) proximal stump i to the on to both distal stumpe. o that of the distal stumps. 3 on one dide after ·158 CUL CACY STUDEL ussembled and dtrected to urdre et und place and maintained the pattern. Later neurotire the distal stump (clips. 4c 54, regenerung Abers on reachłog the repair C, 8 9 10) zone merely followed the lines of the We bare deter seen regenerating lateral sheath cells us us to be expected. Uno Abers from the prodnat edge of the A few minor devtetion rare poted. gup groty across the repair tone and into There Tu tendency tomand ellmination the ad terrain of the al fin pottide d the of aberrant and rubs dlary lines bacluding distal pumps. This is probably to be ac those which doubled back barply on them counted for by the eficiency of the shoath dros (cf. for 41, c 5b c,& 9 10) No cell lloes to directing the repenerating Extra Derre Llocs were formed. Derve Obers to the distal Autop. Meny In distal stump contes The data gorp long-Thore case histories of outwmoderdog of a dora) laterale perve may be com Deudeme cells from degeneratog lat pletdy or partially occupied by regenerat eralne dette #umps bare been recorded ing Abers. In some cases It may remain followfor both sogle and multiple pap entirely derald of Abers in a few hostances operations. These will be reported sepa regeneradog fiber muy grow past the ods rately (Speldel, in preparadon) 102) crudal terminus of the stump. Thus, If multiple gape art cut to the dorsal in all gazdations of repewrotization may oc the mort dlatul zones of repair are tanked by pavelers Lateral-boe stwops at both The force of Abers that repeurottred. prordonul mod distal edges. As a result distal stumap of the dorsal laterul-line perre sheath cell outgrowths then occur at both mis varlake. The distal stump might be edges before nerve sprouts autre. Soch occupled by Abers from (1) the prodmal outgronto my farm connecttog Unks ba stump of the same or opposte alde (2) tween prodnal and distal straps of the the prorlmal stump of the oppodte dde Hape or opposite Ades, or between two growing to Kereta direction, and (3) the prodal stamps or between tiro distal main lateral line perve. Furthermore, I stwoops. They likewise may serve to direct pedmental shifts from one source to an the courte of regenerating new tips that other stere possible Latenhlne Derve andre later bers from any source apparently furnished At caudal end of distal stemp Another adequate refanervation of the dorual lat Mnteresting outgrowth may be mentioned at line Dates and sodated sepse the point though this occus far from the argtos. PP zone At the caudal ends of dista) When the diste) stumdp was occupied by sturops of the dght and left dorsal Lateral sploal Abert bowerer there mu do ren line Derves, Kbenth cells may migrate into Derradon of the associated wenke organs by the normal surroundtog merenchymal te fo.ch Albert Or when the distal tump was fue Outgrowth of this sort may take occupied by both lateral-line and spinal - contact with one another thus betoglog bent only the farmer renderrated the at about terminal connection between the sociated sense organs Carrerrely when nenes at dght and left sdes. Later regent Interillipe Abert entered distal mimops of ang ibent on one dide may then from spinal pertes or when they took other aber around the loop and lnto the perte of the rint paths they felled to esuhlah toy olber dde. functional peripheral connections and Variations in Trotzation of plerus altimately displayed regreto changes. patterns and distal straps Adjustment associated with otettupply la repat DORS After plerus has be and undermepply of metres to serve come mell cubllsbed to repair power and Organ ot of 10 Orgas to RETTET myelination has taken place on some of Its component fibert, us in most of our Dorial Lateral-line nene adjxaments aset it mus noted that & Kood trenger Scores of comples of the normal amount tion of the lateral-line deres farther to of regeneration of dona lateral de netto terlarly did not destroy the main plens hair been iecorded After a supple mere pattern. The sheath calls Mere still left in transection the regenerating Abers grow ·VAGUS NAT RESETILATION PAITONS 157 Into the datal stump and extend cuactly supply mao than the origioal tarrain; tn to the end. They londrite the issociated cue of table gap-cutting operations, or mense orgina junt u before the transection. of multiple Deito unsections, the reserve The later history of Dave Abers und rense capadty my became to thrusted or arun in the rennerited zones must dindnished that underregeneration Itsults. entially Dormal. It & fnterstlog to note in this connection Car of perve underrepederation here the result of Duncan and Jaryls ( 43) who so been observed frequently In much repeatedly destroyed motor branches of the cuses the tenerating Abent enter the facial Derve in ats by sectioning (u well distal stump but fail to grow all the way u by crushing and by treatment with to the end (cf fix 16 uso Spelde 48) benzyl alcohol) They report good nervo Results of this lind me likely to follow regeneration with complete functional remultiple tranxectans done imultaneously corety after five succentre Dervo rectlons. or secesarety They cometimes follow The number of Abers, peripheral to the angle operation to which an extensire pup cuts bowever wts greatly reduced. I cut in the dar al fin. In addition, many histories of regener The mout distal sense organs, being left adre deviations of dorsal lateral no perves without nerve mopply witmately deren bare been recorded. In rich cases the iceruta. Those which recere a relatively gerentlog Abeto fall to reach . distal menger Derve supply undergo alom adjust Kurap or any lateral-loo organs. They end mento. The final condition demonstrates blindly in the zone of repair without ter that there to be than Dare total nume monal functional connections. Ultimately ber of rente orrem and a less than nor such ibers degenente as for proximally u mal merage number of sende organs in the last duster of senso organs which they u costat. Innervate. Examples of Derve overregeneration Senuke organ adjustments Irregularidas hare alio been observed, particulady fat to sonte organ urangements following lowing operations done at strategic der. wound infliction are also of special Interest The best example of overregoneriton bu when correlated with their Inciviton In been alustrated (og 17) In this interest few cases i duster of organs at the the cox the left dorul lateral line DETVE TO prordmal edge of a repair zone receiver en Decated pest its odgnal termini, pertupply of nervo Abent, 81 a result of comed to the other ddo and grow in to failure of nerve regeneration across a wide Terme direction up the sight distal sump some of repatt Multiplication of the or fa a distance of B B mm applying ten gana to the cluster take place. Apparently extra content of sense organs which it had the regenenttre urgt of the blocked fiber Apother cam (ig 15) no llustrates s cxpended chiefly on the organs of the last cluster Innervited with the revalt that Orespuma ut the humo type though to these organs are stimulated to divide and low degree. The opet vrowth in both of muldply Thila sem to be an adjustment theme cares Kemed clendy correlated with that compenates In a pay for the many od pabrpe Kepulated by the presence nenty of an unnnervated distal rump argans left minnervated along the dista with its modated duster of Dareless tump Sooretima organa, or dedifferentiated or po cella, move into repair zone and be- These obecreations ruggest that there is come supplted with more than the ordinary Inherent in nerve cells a reserre potential number of perto Abers. Such a relation or capaety for tuh. Such reserve pe thlp us in the care abord leads to lacrtu. tential probably greater in a young ant. in member of guns until proper balance mal mich us i utpoic than in madult obtains. In aan of Ample nerre trengection this is Convertely duster of argum that for ruideat ordinnoiy to bring about com along the is left fnnevated by : angle plete rokortion of normal perre supply to the denetrated 200e) in una cara nervt fiber OT by defident number Abers undergoes regtare change may bring about an ovepre peneration to duction in the dumber of argan co perloushy Dot fupplied. Xtre oren.

·158 CAIL CALLY ADL ing the cluster takes place. This adjust of muscle in the rat simulates the for ment also appears to be a compensatory mation of collateral bruncha on Delphhor one that results in Aubable serve-organ log reddua intramuscular axons Adm balance Nar result has been reported by Hoffman Tropite fafidences (50) The collateral branches Invade the beaths of adjacent faterrupted nervo A A final comment may be made on the bers and reneurrotze denernted end piatas. nature of reciprocal trophic relations that Edds ('53) bus also presented good com uro suggested by the case histortes of this prehendio revlery of results obtained by study It seems dar that lateraldine many fartstigators togetber with uspoperves exert a definite trophic Influence on dated problems and theories Laterul uno o organs and that the semo The toiluence of teriaal connections organs excrt trophic influence on the on nerve fiber diametert has 150 been nerven. The locaediate mechana() by fnvestigated. Velas Eckle, and cannaugh which such reciprocal effects are accom (45) compared regenerating nerve Albert pushed is unknom that were allored to make fuccessful and We record trophic mechmiums as one connections with thoso that wero pre uspect of the larget problem of bow form vented from dalng so. The former att lped regulation und plytological adjustment large diameter de ultimately approaching aro accomplished Suitable adjustments in that of the nannel this dre greatly ex structure and in function occur progres corded the diameter dze attained by the strely throughout the developmental bis Latter Furthermore the reduced diameter tory of an animal. Similar adjustments stre of the latter ortended proximally bethough they are less perfect, take place yond the level of the adginal nerve tunduring the progress of regeneration. Our section Similarly Simptom and Young experiments disturb the closely-knit struc (45) and Young ('80) coododed from tur und functional unit of the lateral time their experiments that the diameter system. The ensuing regenerative pbe reached by regenerating fibers from amb nomena represent an attempt to restore the leratzed narte cells deponded upon tber previous normal condidan as pedectly us effecting connection with thetr end organs possible Doubtless the bereditary material Sperrys Interesting investigations may to involved basically That leasts un also be mentioned an important sedes of LDS Tored the more Immediate steps of the his experiments (Sperry 18 "51) laralued mechanism by which the structures In Rurgical rotation of the eye in amphiblads. salved Influence one other to help in Visuomotor effects were noted in animals banglot about an appror matlan of the ufter recovery Thun, information was ob armal cood/tion tained a reflex dnudts that lared an Related esperiments sory issodatre and motor ants. Sperry concluded that peripheral connections in- Results from a few related expedients fuenced the us octave patterns to the may not be cited briefly Many years ago central DeTVOJU system A mettory end ar o palpted out (Speldel 33) that cuta gen and its Te exerted a trub-synaptic prous pertes in tadpoles mure stroulated effect on central pene cell. Likewise . to send out the fronts and treaches to mundle and its motor nerve exerted trans Innenate an adjacent deperated redon souaptic effect on central nerve cellsCon of the skin. Dlare menty Weddell, Lorely the central perrous tem pattern Gottnen, and E Guttman (41) also te exerted an elect on the peripheral struc ported that 10 rabbia there wo a local turn. In his excellent comprehetdie re- Odendon of per Demo Aber collaterals wew Sperry (31) dicotes Dechanismus Into dederated areas of skin A dentrated of Deural maturation Indoding problemu sensory bone therefore appeary to act o of differentiation, spedfiety chemo-uffinsmulus to elldt collateral branches lty trophim, and pattertog of Internadre from scurty Ty Derits. drcuit On the motor stole Edds ("50) has dett Thru the eydence from Imettheations of onstrated dearly that partial depervation aber moeten uched abort togetbet oth ·VAGUS NEYT AICINATIOY PATTERN 159 our Otto resulta, leads us to condude that behavior in laying dormn the plot.cer paths. (1) rultaklo pertphen remory connections Resembly of branches and their guidance affect the structure of the Story DtTye to distal nerve sumps tus brought about totalred and the CETIL, (2) rultablo po by the activities of sheath cells which pberal motor connections effect the struc Doted out in tandem lines from tho duta ture of the motor derya Intaved ud otce tump Into the repair zone thus meeting pera, and (3) ruitable padpheral pensory the adrendng nero sprout from the md motor connections of reflex ac tunt proximal stumpe. 5 Thero ves a marked tendency for reaffect the pattering of the related sesodda tire perve cells la the central Darvous ty! generating lateral-Ibne Albers to enter a lat ten und oice DeTIA. arul-Hoo distal stump to preference to a spoal nerve digtal stump. ZUNLARY 6. There mu i med tendency for 1 Patterns of nagus DeTVE regeneratiam aberrant lateral lino fibers to erdve at and were observed in too tn frog tadpoles fał fanerrato displaced lateral-Une orgids in lowing single and mutiple operations. The the repafr zone. no such tendency mus ex operations forolved transections and the hibited by regenerating pinal DOTVO cutting of gepata the daral tall in which brancher nearby kevered the dorsal lateral-ilno nerva. The 7 Regenenting lateralite Abers that fibers in these nerves were processes of succesfully refinerrated lateraline or To ganglion cells they transmitted spe pras acquired and maintained heaths of dal afferent impulses from tho special mnyeltn ibose that falled to retninerrite ar tenke Organs of the lateral Inc. Spinal gens sometimes acquired that myelin Terve filbers were also werered in these iherths truslently but were unable to operations they trunmitted general af maintain them. ferent tompales from the aldn. 8 Clusters of sense organs in or near 2. After dmple dorsal lateral de Derre repatr zonea Sometimes became provided taaprections the proudmal stump Aber with an overtupply of innervatng ibers bully me Lerou the round zome in a The sense organs in Ach dusters Increased nghe llore to the detal stump. After the to number Conversely thero wu a de cutting of large-dzed ape regenerating CTEUR la munber at rense organs in cus Ribbed frequently failed to croa the extento repair zooe the distal stumps WEID ters providod with an undenupply of Inoer vating fiber. beft perroanently u aneural lines with Det 9 Additional nerre trennectloos were con sheath cells. After the cutting of medium cred capa, regeneratiog Aben made in many experimental animals to defomed plan of varylag degrees of com termino to what extent complex rogener plenty u they trew kcross the repatr zone. dve plexus patterns would be reproduced by a second or third set of regenerating i 2. Plexus patterns loduded the follow loc dbeus along several paths from the ben. In general, tho chlaf Dene pathways proximal stump to the distal sump of the were completely or deady completely duplicated. Aberrant and rabudlary path- Laroc ride or at the opposite side of of both des fibers that folded fibers of the op min vere duplicated in some cures but posilo dde to farm a common truk which not in others. The paths of Abers lacking functional and connections were most then pare those to brancher that reached ikely to be afinfosted. dluha one or both distal kumps iben 10 Cross connections were estabila bed bers that Crowed to the opposite proximal stump and in rome tadpole between the dorsal lateral I IETEK direction aberrant fibers line serres of dght and left side. lo there, that falled to reach either distal stup ach diwal starp contained fiber from kod pinal sben that entered lateralios both proudmal Kump. Folosing further transections of ach proximal stump in 4 Branching of tbe cut latel-Ibro turn, the source of operating Abens for the two distal Humps mu shitted Pucce pare at the proximal edge of the irepatr drely from one ddo do tho other more tone was brought about by Deve sprout dima. that holded spinal nerset dbul Kuraps ·160 CAL CUTLT STEDEL 11 A reverred type of reinertation obraration of toortoe! Den Abeta ta tree wu induced in some ce lo these regent tadpalen. Am J Aast, 52: 1-79 crating fibers grow from one distal stump 1948 Prologpd blutoont of me ACTOR a terminal loop end up the distal per regeneration pattern, dhe dhtul pumps, and sheath call otrowth AML Hump of the opposite ddo in a promul Leo. 84 440. dtrection thu toneriting the located 10485 Clasp botoakrogrphandele duten of lateraline sense argeos ro cutlets who, with pedal redata to yed rerne arder Bet on the DTU ud special men arpor of the Lateral. Anat. A c H 331. 12. It was posible also for Aruy regen- 1047 Living call to action feat arating fiber of the dorm) Latern-do to Procent, suhe Ed by G A Battal, ale DOTT to jata the mid-body lateral- lino Vatreruty Pru, Now Him Chap. DL 110- 314 Derve and to inservato organs intociated with this Derve. Likewise, it tu pozallo 1947. Bonnevithan pham led by pro cordoberatio of 100 DO for stray regeneratog Abers of the mid- Kampeud Located on arvot ActLen body lateral-End Derve to enter a dorsal 07 371-372 lateral-Une stump and increate organs 10470 Correlated tudhat of art of 1ocated with it. Thas tho rarowe lat A ind part of the Laterloo to tutor cral-Une Derve fibers were non-spedbo as trop tadpolo. L Rupeperution of decorated DJ Cre, Neri 67 -80. to the location and order of the organa 1949 Corrdatud other of Mary innetrated And Dar of the latrullte in Itoint frog tad 13. These results emphasize that thero pala. 2. The trophile Inforce of pecette edas special adnity between tho nerves Dne naply a maled by protopped obert toms of dentated ind rumtrvutad erine and no organs of the lateral-tlne. Thoy Am. J Antt., 12177-O. domonstrate aloo that there is a definite 1949 Correlated dodies of PODM OUT trophic foterrelationship Each toftoences and Derves of the Lattaralline in Irtog frog tud the other inducting adjustments which repoles IL Erpetenta op tho or no And we halm of dederrated and innervad sult in a suitable nerve-aryan balance. The rah J Morph. 85 115-140 naturo of this reciprocal trophic influence 1850 Adjortment of peripheral per and the mechaniam(s) by which it is a Aber George Nerokat Ed. by Web crted or unknown. Untity of Calcupo Pro, Char, 06-77 1933 8000 adatments of the per LITERATURE CITED and more of the LataruHo after oud pla vo neintrinsectant. Adat Rec., 117 Duncu Deod WH Jarvis 1043 Obat . tham on rupted rortention of the facial 1964 Historie of expertittat podwood nerve to cata. I Corop. Nedir 70 318_327 Dermo plano farolytog remory yurt edd Lda., DL Dr 1930 Collater that station pinal Aben. Apat Recy 111 410 411. o radu motor uron ta perdolly davited 1900 In O Audies of metard moncler J Exp. Zool, 113 817-5042 Dern Aben. Ioftrost. Rr of cytology Ed. 1 Collateral DATO rtretention by G. HL Bourde od J F Duniani, Acadrado Quert. Hur Dolu 10-270. Pren, New Yoct. 10 (to prona) Hoffman E. 1050 Local re-innervation to per Bperty 1948 Orduty pattemins of bully desert tud munche histophylacodaal ptic meroslatoos ta roportion of intrat Hudy ABL) Erp. Bol Mod. Bcl 18 343 tl Aber tractu patlating booootor coordo ton. Anat Rec, 102 - Nurray MR, and AP Stout 1043 Charso- 1931 Mechanisms of Dir mator tertita of human feb mar cells Ritro. Hledoak at Erpurtrow Porcheart Adat Rx H 175-23. EL by firrens, John Wiley & hom, New York Simpton, 8 And J 2 Young 1945 Tone Cm, 7 230-20 to of Aber dusmoter ter croseptoos of Teden, L Gatton and E. Cotton 141 Thend und MOD the DETTE J Antet Land Tbe locul onlardoa al Dave Bbert toto per 79 4. ted artus of Ho J Net Porchuk, 4 por Spre, cc 1933 Rue of Istog nord. L 1915 The more of todhridual both cells cod du PN Y Eddi sod i Citate Den sprouts correlated with the proche al The defect of termina connected on the full mdonnth facotatton to implican lorrie ber of oben. Antt RK, 22215-20 1 Erp, Zool. 01 170331 Yowers SZ IDO The determination of the 1833 Grodd Hog Derre L Ac Merit cbractorld of dem tbert Genede thiun a trebold powth contoh, shuth celle, Trux Id by 1 wees. Ootrerity of 1 und myella parte u maled by proloonid co Pron Cabrera, 09-101 3507 ·Radioautographic Observations on Vanations in Desoxyribonucleic Acid Synthesis in Rat Placenta with Increasing Gestational Age' WILIAN P JOLLIE Depent of Ancony Tzote Unwetty School of Medict No Orion London The bodoallantolc placenta of the nat vascularized splanchnopleure of the Falk attaa ful tro at 16 dagi of gesution und Auc. Indeed, anatomically developmentally cont of a labydnth and a functional und functionally this constitutes a repa tood. The latter is defined as the region, nato placenta (Everett "35) With rupture trophoblastic in odgin, which las adjacent of Reichert & membrano at 16 days of prop to tho deddaa bants and into which fetal nancy parietal yok mac conserting of ab coplada do not perretrato (Bddgmen, emboyonal trophectodern and endoderm 48) Histologically the functional zone together with the remnants of the docIdus camins at at last three distinct tropho capoulards retract to the visceral yolk uc Hurtic elemoents all of which are believed to thereby exposed to the uterine lumen to be derived from tho choclonic ectopla This last named membrano condato al cental code of the tmplanting blastocyst endodermaal VIDI containing & vltelline dir (1) trupborpooglal cells (2) glycogen culation and presenta u a potential trunk cella, and (3) trophoblagt giant-colle. In fer route (viz between uterine lumen und addition, the trubecular of the labyrinth aro vitellinc capillares) a third berrier which Bulaced with trophoblastic clement which contatos do trophoblastic clements Ilo ke beleved to bo dertred from ecto It bas long been known that maternoplacental code Labyrinthine trophoblast fetal exchanges are selective. In addition has been shown to be both cellular (rather on the beds of phyzalogoal determina than syncydel, u was prevlously supposed) Hope, It appears that far mout rubetences and of constant per latence throughout the tramfer is accomplishod dther by active coutim of pregnancy thereby me dog the transport alono (Hagerman and Villee eat placenta bemochodal (Dempocy und 80) or by both activo transport and facil Whlocd, "33 Wlocid and Dempoey 05) tated diffudon (Widdus '81) Studies on rather than bemoendothellal, u was provt- placental transport are complicated by the ourly beltered (Honman 37) tucts that: (1) both selectivity of trans- Although the labyrinth is generally portable materials and rates of transport credited with comptltuting tbo placental appear to vary with gestational age (Brombarrier XCTOS whilst materno erobryonic bell 50; Foaster Harvuard, Outler und exchange take place (vtz between meter Davla 36 Leiring and Anderson, 81) nal blood snura to the interstices of the end (2) with certain conception little to trubecule and allmtoto apllado in the LOND about the actual site of transfer for trabecular conca) there is Inoroadng or particular substance, Le.icrom which denet to plat that particularly during of the barriers described above (Waloch cather stagon of pregnancy the Junctlonel Den and Dompecy 40) Zone Acta u un alternate route of Exchange In the care of Junctional cono elementa (Aporoko 55 Deceptes 59) La both re progredst reorganization of structure plops chodonic trupboblast constitute in at an electron ndcroscopic love with in- Intenl part of the barrier Lo rodents another sito of meteqto fetal kert att du. Lith kako to excbant, one whose importance so not Recondary to the chorloalluntais is the ADULTO ( AL HA180 ·160 CAL, CAT SPORT, 11 A revered type of rainpernition ority of theftun Dan ben to tous Tas Induced in some cues to theme, regtedpala Am J Anat, 52 1-79 natog Abers grow from one del sump 194%Prolonged histories of scron a tarminal Loop end up the distal per to the patterns, the detal strugp, Kod boath guterowth out sump of the oppodte alde in proximal Ho 84: 490. direction thus innovating the wodated 19455 Ctrephotoma tootadpole cluster of lateral-lde penso argos fotocelle dont with special retares spect vorte order met the perre and pedal www organs at the battalitre Anet. Plec, SL 12 It was postihlo also for stray ropen- 1947 Liring call to action de entag Abers of the donkel lateral de fa Program, och ve Ed by QA Bulun, Yah Derve to join the mid-body Lateral- lino Untratty Press, Now Hare, chap. O, 10- free and to innovato argan asroclated with this perre. Likewise, it mu posable 1947) Hentrom phenomen # led by prolonged obecreations of vu DIN for stray regeneradog Albers of the mould Fun And podlated Mping. Ant Reca body lateruline serve to enter , dorsel n 371-72 Lateral de fump and innervate organs 12470 Coordatad Kudio of more or stocated with it. Thus, the vedou lat Fol d perw of the lateralltoe to Hytny eral-me nerve Abany more non-spectac 15 frog topoln L Repouston of daernard orum. J Cound. Noorn 0-58. to the location and order of the argas 100 Codlated ads of wou OrTADA Inpervited und dem at the late to tvbox frog ted 13 These resulta emphasize that there pales. IL The Graphite Anforce of peottie elets a special aftasty betteen the nerven der synly uwied by prolonged obyerno- Hans of doetrited and reparated orpo and sense organs of the lateral-ne. They Am. J Anat602 177-370 demonstrato also that thero 1. deinite 1969 Coordated student of an ampu trophic tnterrelationship. Each influences kod part of the Latenuhipe in living trou tad the other Indoctag adjustmenu which ne pales nl Egedoents on the ora predak and not hurt of droomt And Indurid Rult in a suitable nerve-organ balance. The or pot J. Korpbe, 15 112-140 Datort of this reciprocal trophic inftuence 1950 Adhattob of peopberal Dem and the Dechualom() by which it is er Aben. Goethe Metrology Ed. by T Wehen, erted are unknown Untuny Cuero Fre, Chlor, og_77 10. Some adtarments of the car LITERATURE CITED and on crpand the Intere for all ple nuor Dare tractant. Annt. Rec., 117 Duncan, D and WH Jarrla 1943 Ohm 618. tad on ripustod reputation of the focal 1994 Histodes of op diputally badoord Detta in cab J Coup Near T 315-17 on per heralvt mory vtru upd Edda, LV J 1930 Collateral reportlom ploaiban Angh Rer, 111 410-411 a reudart motor komu to partady denetrated 1053 In sto stadion of multamed prachen. J Exp. Zool, 1134 817-32 Den Aben Internet Marker of Cytology Ed 10.30 Collater DAT reruperiton by G. E. Boltodo od J F Deadli, Acidente Quart, Ray Bal 20 10-178 New Yort, 16 (to prt) Hosingen, L. JASO Local n-innervation to po Spony . W 1946 Orderly pethaming of yo Holy donty much bostophytological pelo corocadows to rtpeptration of totrice study Apr J Exp Blol died fel, 18 343 tal aber tracta pelattor OOO coordo thom Anet Bro 102. 63-70. lorry MR dd A P Stodt 100 Chic -- 1931 Kecbonbon of Dan mo rolata of bomen schreon called stro thao Handbook of Erpertmetal Prebalo Aput Rec H 73-293 Id by Sures, Joko Wiley & Soul, New York, Sbonpr.com, S. A dy z Young 1045 Repeat Carp 7 pa tom of Aber dlometer after cocokos o Wedde, G. L Gottom and E Gattro 141 Ybcou and more the DTTEL J Aout Lond The locul extentionner Aber foto dut. TD 400 tn ucu auto I Nar Porcine, 300- Spulde, cc, 2011 Ataches of Itrios DTTL L The moreports of berlinal abeth Ds and Wates, P. My Eads md u Cannub 1945 DOT proata calated with the procth of The effect of tomore con on the cab maydo both tuomatton to emphibiap lerne ber of Arts, Anet. Res, 24 215-4 J Ep. Zoal, o 170-91 Youoy Rz 1950 The deterrabration de 143 Stodia at mag pOTT. 01. AC abc cherritohto of bent lan. Cearthe ortthey of amebodd frowth coors, abeath call Rio EL? Wars Untreuity and madh ti, o tree by proband CE , Sucurs 04 ·WCIC xd mo nocle of Dome of the trophoblat quited fet pratos e muidance of radioactin * dar por lo dther group exhibited Toduced ced with even ter ciht Wocks of exposure borte) Lact of Labeling occurred dapite la 4 Tere At of utine cells (eg deddus and contactum) od despite abundant molto lapo prst uppen at 12 day. All cells in e TWC WEIÇ Erlent in the citoplacental it mere unlabelod at this day Although ty mer! ) In the ten-day embryo the afterbuatan wus crident although mito- DYA SYNTETID NY LAT PLACENTA 103 graphic procetting the rectloos more deeply ftuated (trophospongial?) doed through the rel Caldon with cells - exhibited Labeling over to nudeus Handla benatorylin and tdple cosin. Between 10 and 12 days the cono be On each lide, the regions pudied for comes more broadly based and against dre depodion (evidence of redlozethrity) the toner layer of this base (viz the fut were the functiooal tone (each of its ture fetal surface of the placenta) the three dements) the labyrinth, and the distal end of the Intolc diretaulun Folk ac becomes upposed. With the allantolo 18 BESULTS amxocated in ubilical circuladon, cy! dent in the 19-day placenta u . looso of the two groups a rats those in the cellular reticulum at the center of the fing poop (each of which was injected fetal surface (the base of the cone) which with tddated thymidine elght houd before kutopry) thowed dret reduction over contains embryonic blood cells (le, munadloscttre trucke to a degree optimal deated stythrocytes) (Ag. 2) This set for photomkorography in pregnancy stages wum is the primordium of the labydath from 16 to 22 day, but showed very little the remainder of the cone, which, at this reduction in 12 and 14-day pregnandes stage, is the larger part, 1. now designated and Donc in elght to ton-day ster. For Junctional zone and consists of glant-cells this reason a second group was tested in and trophosponghurm. In alder of tenues 3 which euch undmal was Injected with : In group2, mude of these latter two types Umilar douage to hown before autopay of trophoblut wero reen to be randomly In this group radioactivity of nude in labeled after exporure time of de weeks 12- od 14dny placentas mus vlaualbred, both at 12 day and at 14 days of preg drbut mclei of dght and ten-day stages nicy (fig. 3) turned uplabeled At 16 days lycopen cells were distin- The optimal length of time for apparire gudobublo within the functional zone i dutled whiley with the group (vide supra) the comuldsed pildes to radioactivity (Ag. 4) but shotved Do evidence of radio activity None of tho mudel of trophoblast od with the stage of pregnancy In rear pant cells were labeled, and the labeling Berul, earlier stupes (In group 2) required of trophouponglul cell nucle bad declined die week of sporuto for pood resolution, merkedly At 18 dans no nude ał plant Tauro (to group 1) were opthroally cells or glycogen cells showed diver reduc ported at det pelo except for 22-day Bon; md the great majority of trop hoopon- Pored to which obowed best resolution of dal mochel alco wero unlabeled The only Doloret depostton after exponro Ame of radioactivity observed to the three speci men cxantsed mu in one placenta where very fow cells wero Labeled (og. 5) Radioactolty to the These were to & tight duster (a naglo functional Zone done?) directly subjectnt to the laby to the implanting blowstocytt (day 8 post dath In later placeptas kll three functional more clampenta falled to KDOT cvidence of DNA Gatherh. Radiosethotty to the labyrinth As doncribed abore 1 Labydnthlno an tubers meet a b the through the fourteenth and puteenth day, tho labyrinth tocene progremtrely in to both in absolute de und in dze relative to the pobjucent functional condlabydoth tulad to thow direr reduc Hon at any of these stages. All cells to tho were chaingulshable ba the ectopla 1.Cork deither ce type of the cone # the peripherally placed Wirtcells ondary trophoblast glapt.cells and the inica

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·NA ITNTITS IN UT PLACERTA 183 TUO fephile pocening the sections more deeply dtuated (trophosponglal?) Hadded through the gel comuldon with celle exhibited labeling Over Its nucleut Hoods bematorylin end tople conin. Between 10 and 12 days the core be- On each do the region studied for comes more loadly based; und against direr depodtlan (ovidence of radioactivity) the tmer layer of this bar (Hz, the fu- TO the functional zone (each of Ito ture fetal surface of the placenta) the three elements) the labydoth and the distal end of the allontalc diverticulum palk mac becomes opposed with the allantols is uociated an umbilical circulation, cv RESULTS dent in the 12-day placenta u loose Of the two groups of nat those in the cellulr reticulum at the center of the first group (each of which was injected fetal police (the base of the cone) which with toitlated thymkino dght bours before contains einbr youlc blood cells (le, mautopy) howod dlver reduction over radioactive mode to a degree optimal cleated erythrocytes) (fig. 2) The Tetite ulum is the stmordium of the labyrinth for photomkrography in pregnancy stages the remainder of the code, which, at this from 16 to 22 days but showed very little stage, is the larger part, is now designated and nono lo cight to ten-day altes. For functional move and condets of plant cette reductiam fn 12 and 14-day permanen and trophospongtum. In slides of theues this reason 1 second group was texted to which auch untmal wu Injected with a in group model of there latter two types smlar douage two hours before autopsy of trophoblast were reen to be rendondly labeled after cipocute times of dx weeki In this group radioactfvlty of mild in both at 11 days and ut 14 days of preg 12 and 14-dny placenta wus visualized, but nudel of cight and ten-day Hages nancy (443) remained unlabeled. At 16 dan dicopro cells were detin The optimal length of time for a posure gulshable within the functional modo of the emuldfed de to radioactivity (Ag 4) but showed do evidence of radiovarled widely with the group (olde supra) activity None of the macle of trophoblax and with the stage of pregnancy la san antoado por labeled and the labelin At weels of exposure for good resolution; murkod: At 18 days no pudel of plant cells or oycogen cells showed over reduc atponed u dght wedla acept for a day ton and the proat maladty of trophos porce placenta which showed best resolution of slal muce aloo were imlabeled. The only eller deposition after exposure toe of radioactivhoberen in the three specs four I very few cells were labeled (Rp 5) Radioacttutty in the These were to fight cluster (ande fonctional zone dlope?) directly subjecant to the laby dotb. In the toplanting blastocyst (day 8 pont In later placentas, an three Junctional cotta) moclel of none of the trophoblast Zone elements falled to show evidence on cell types to ether proup ohibited reduced DNA synthesis eller grains (Le, evidence of radioacthy 17), even after dybt weeks of export Radioactłotty in the labyrtatk Thibe lack of labeling occurred despite la beline of oterine celice deddua and As descobed above labydothine in myometdum) and despite abondant mito lape first appear at 12 daya al cells ses which were evident in the ectoplacental t were unlabeled at this day Altheme code (ig. 1) In the ten-day embryo the through the fourteenth od prteenth Ame toatlon mu erldent although mito the Labyrintb tocura Here distinguishable by the ectopla- sro - both in absolute site and Sental cone Delther cell type of the cone relattre to the subjacent the labyrinth filled to abow Hz, the peripherally placed Witcello don at (secondary tropboblar plant-cells and the of the diges ·162 WILLIAU P JOLIE creadag estadonal age bu been de large typical of estru were caged with Embed (Joko, '62) Furthermore, per breeding maler # 11 00 AD. Large stence of these clements bus been sborra more takers of these females pata a to be directly influenced by maternal orar- 4 00 PX and those thomag sperma mero dan hormona both a ktert (Jollie 1820) inimed to have bred ut 2 30.11. and when transplasted to extrautertoe The day at breeding being counted u dtes (Jolio 60) It is not knoma, hot day Opremant femals in two gror ever whether the ultrastructural change were autopsied on days 8 10 12 14 16 which have been observed in these horn 18 20 and 22. In the Ant group dipht mapally Axt" celle reflect functional hour before autopay cach (oraale watch cbages in selectivity and transfer raten. jected intraperitoneally with 50 microcur Nor isdeed is it trots whether the ob- la of tritiated thymidine in 0.20 ml por merred changes in strukture of a ghren mal saltose Three entrails were so infected trophoblaatic element during the course of for each of the days lstad. Second group preguency retult from frutiidaat cellular females were smlarly injected two hours Aging, or from progressive differentiation before autopoy at 8 10 12 and 14 days of 30. uren mitotic Weare od cells. pregnancy tiro animals per day In al It is hoped that a determination of mitot then, rau received between 0.20 und 0.25 Sc activity in Mactats elements at locus. wolnocuries of woe imorape per gram body tog gestational age, then will serve as a weight, either at to ar at eght hours pe bads for #uding placental aging and coding autopsy correguently will help ducidato the mo at autopay animals were anesthettend chanks of placental function twith an intraperitoneal injection of 0.30 The purpone of the present investigation col nembrutal and there from the Unit 1 to determine variations in Kynthesis of animal were fixed in Bordna pcriculd DNA in the nuclei of various clemeats al fornol. Eight and tea day implantation the rat placenta. The wethod employed for allem mezo Axed cottre for 24 bount after such deteronthadon is radiocatography Pol 19 days and alder were hisccted after the ing Injection of pregnant animals with first hour of the 24 bour Axudon period. thyroidino. This radioactive iso These were dehydrated in a graded either has beca shorm to become incorpo anal water, cleared in tolul and embedded wisted lato tuciel during DNA synthesis in partita tua mat) prepimally at the time of chracao-sama! Elgbt ind ten-day rpedmana mere cut replication (Dantach and Pelc '50 Taylor morally at 74 in plano perpendicular to Woode and Hughes '37) If this is so, are the long its of the uterus mectloos o cra imme that buclel which produce older festation sites were taken at 5 radoautograph on a photoemulsion fol againx the blaccted surface of the ste lowlog the injection are duce which have Lo in a plave both perpendicular to the myothesized DNA la preparation for mito fetal nutface and through the center of s's. Tive possibility also edats. Indeed in the placenta. Mounted section were de the case of trophoblast giant-cells rema paraffinized in toluol, noxed in ethyl ether most likely - that DNA syntberts and con sud afr dried. Next to a dureroam the kegaently upraks of tridated thymidine uso slides were dipped in Ilgutfiled pootorul occurs preparatory to moclear hypertrophy sien, wirdried and wealed with detecant (polyploidy?) #bere do mitos fotom (nahydrous calctum chloride) lo fire light ught boxes The boxet weré #ored ini LOVERMENTAL PROCEDURES retrperator och bax containing one alde A highly inbred strala (Charo River from tach zestuttan ate. The content of Breeding colony) of Spraguo-Dawky nts cach box pubeequently were developed in mangog is metght broca 200 to 250 pm Kodal D-19 developer after etposuno dude were used in this investigation Promas of one reek, thro Treoks four weeks at de fue umed within two und omo-hal weeks and agreets Following photohour by the following method Vaginal Ierage were taken of cyding femala dally shut 1 at P 003 Animals which schlhited a Bon, A. A EZ, Kapal ·INNEIVATION OF Ds NUSCLIS 177 mu rare but the zomula occludens (dght The basement membrane on the stromal turface, bext shown by manyl acetate function) and the zomula adherens (Inter Ralpine. u Il-defined in lead staloed mediate function) occured profusely be Heparition. The most abundant cyto treet all the cells of the posterior epithe Lum on their lateral partaces between the plasmic cauponents were the myofila ments which farmed a dense background posterior epitheltum und the myoepithe to the mitochondrla, RNP pertides, smooth llum, and between the processes of the od rooth endoplasmic reticulum. No spe dilator cells. Eramples of these are shown da xody bus been made of the myofila in plates 3 and 4. Without intempting to meuta, however to determine how close describe these fonctions in detall, which the smlodty with ordinary mooth muscle would form a complete Kudy in themgyullaments may be. In trentverse sec selies the following paints related to the thos (plate 3 Ag. 7) the finely punctate contractile bebarlor of the myoepithellum epperIdco of these filaments mus rome must be empbadied. The muscle proc tome very clear but, wbether due to in.com cises adhered to each other sometimes datences of statning or variation in thick over quite externtre band-like areas by a Don of motion, this was not uniformly so. fascia occludens (plate 3 Ogs. 6 7. plate The process of the celk, especially near 4 fig 10) in which the opposing memthe strumal border appeared us numerous brands were fused and the Intercellular blanda a tulable shape, and generally It space obliterated. Such a relationshlp bas wu qute frapomble to relate these com already been descrlbed by Tad ('816) in pocents to lodh dual cells. Plato 3 figure Intestinal mooth muscle and by Dewey 7 bomeyer shows portions of two mickel and Bat (82) who called it i DeXUS. od central es of narcoplasm from The came fructure has also been found which processes are dearly adaing While Among the smooth musclo Abers of the we here Do clear three dimensional picture sphincter pupillae (plate 5 fig. 13) Some ther cells us of Interest to find out times occurring Independently but comwhether they tntedock pot only by inter manly in ussociation with the fascia occlur motingetting of processes but perhaps by dens, were regions of opposing membranes other special devices to that on contras separated by an interval (- 200 A) and thon all ceila may pull on the surrounding on which the cell membranes were dense thwest u radial direction. It is becom with a broad code of dense material in Ing ncreatody dear that smooth mude the subjacent cytoplasm. These were taken When commonly farm Intrusions by the Intention du vendor procers from one to be examples of the fusela adhereas type Aber into a pocket on m adjacent ober of function. Where tbo processes formed Intrusions rather than cmply faterdigt. (Richardson, H; Merelles Burnstock and Hotman, 63) Whether these struc teting there were eliber po specializations of the cell toembranes, as mentioned above bro. ITO a purely mechanical link for other types of muscle or the related within the throue & have other functions, remains unknown. In the dlater the proc tructures were seuled together by a trvo es not only boterlocked with their nur zongla occludens (plato 4.4g. 11) The lace membranes sparited by a distance cumple in plato 6 spure 12 rusfests that of 200 widch us about the same inter 1f the Intrusion could be followed in serdal rection, perhaps all of the might be mal occuring at the intrusiona al ordinary found to, terminate in zopulo occladen stooth muscle, but also there were special A question which cannot bo wottled, how contact zones a junctional complores where the outure of the cell membres ther concern whether II Junctions odet between spate calls, or whether in Farquhar ind Paledo (63) to an a tome cases the processes of the ame cell cellent review of functional complexes in adhere to each other in this Intimate man Epithella, baro proposed shoes terminal DICI. That separate cells are stuck together 097 to darlly an already be confused by = farci occlodens is thoro In plate 3 trubject. In the present materia the desmo figure 7 The Davu tumined at vrlot levels Home us deined by Farqubar and Paledo In the Iris fuperficial to the intunk mos wu medaltred.

·180 L. CHICHADO to define the lodividual Aber-cells in a par contact do andat ind ure quite common fectly satisfactory manno in the dilator It remains for the bopunidst my though I have oftea teased out portions whether any of these specializations meet of the outer part of the thie" According the requirements for transmeton Burtto van Alphen ('83) who bu mudled sco stock and Halman (63) dirmies the intrtons of monkoy lis Ared ta alta by freez dons u belog too lonited to trea of cor tag during different degrees of morts and tact to servo udtes of transmadon but myddesde all the components of the they do not give adequate theoretical data attorns and cpithallal luyen undergo resy to support their concludona remarkablo stro and bape changes. Ho Tho doublo antonomic Innervtton of found the posterior cpithelal cells in the tra and its central and peripheral con crtaxed four times to helght u tho pupa Dection which are discussed in detal by changed from extrane miasd to extrarne Lowenstein ind Lowenfeld (89) in rer myddarda. There was considerahlo dilo Hon to the vadous types of papillary retortion of the perros and cren of Isolated Born and aboortdal reactions due to dis cells auch us melanocyter It not fit cum, ere too well known to be described pelatag therefore to find that the epithe bere excopt that mention must be made ftal cells as well us the muscle cells aro of the posodility that, in addition to redbound together by special functional com pory ibers and motor Abon to the olator plexet. Tournis and Fine (B1) however sphincter and wood rossels there may be appear to minimize the importance of Arm adrenergic Inhibitor Albert nipplylog the cellular contacts and regard the posterior sphincter Guyton (40) hu stated that epithellam u qalto loovely adherent to anatomical cridence does not appear to the underlying tousclo and stroma. They cxclude the poolbility of these mus give an Ulustration of that appear to be a cles (sphincter and alllary) also baring zonula adhorenie between opithelial cells same tympathetic tonerpation. Thus tho but do not mention such junctions bi the phincter may bum edtatony cholineral text, exor do they seem to have found any Terve and aloo tnhhitory adrenergic in the mayoepithelium. From the nerves Thiba con copt la bured pertly upon stion which followed presentation of the work of Joseph (21) who caimed 10 paper sono doubt was expressed have out the dilator away from tho sphinc bout the identication of desmomes ter in the Intect animal whoroupon dlouand thetr laportance et attachment bodles lation of the cervical sympathetic caused In the ins Optibeltum. Actually comes of relaution of the sphincter Frogn detalled attachment have proved to be to mumerous knowledge, however of the interrelation to the altuations already de cribed that shipt of dllator and sphinctor previously there can be little doubt that they form mentioned, it would seem to be virtually un important component mantatniog the imporchlo to bolate these two muscles. Integity of the tissues through condder Lorenstein and Lorenfeld ('62) regard able three dimensional changer They may inblbition of the sphincter u being de Also function to controlling the permeation to inhibitory activity within the ocolamo of aqueow fluid betwem the epithelial tor mucleus cens As regards the moscle cells it is Of the many papers devoted to the inpossible that some of the contact zones vestigadon by light raicroscopy of Berrebetween the myocpithellal procerper met muscle relationships when the trta, menturte tor conduction of acitation from ton should be made of the twork of Boeke One cell to wothor Hoty muscle cella (33) who derelbed a very rich inmerra. which so not all supplied mith *panto uon of the sphincter in the monkey fat nerve endingt contract tn untean is one losing dver Indore nations The iron of the prening problems of smooth muscle showed Ing the formations in series and phytology All the morphologist can do appeared to terminate in i mak closely i to polot out special relationships ruch resembilog som er kalned smipsen in as the intrusion of a process from one the CNS Some of the Hag appeard muscle fiber into a pocket in an hdjacent actually to be intre cellular in location Aber and that spedalked ateus of surfers There is }e doubt that Boebe was deal 1 1 ·LOTIVATION OT D3 MDICLES 181 foy with beaded normyelinated uxans und could be recorded from cvery muclo cell that he wou able to demonstrate the ulth following stimulation of the hypogastric mate mnatomical end points of some of the perse, electronmicroscopical investigation brunches at there Abers. Similar endings of nerve-musclo relatiomhips in the vu to the allery muscle bare been rery deferens wus undertaken (Richardson '62) clearly illustrated la photomicrograph by The present euthar chose by chance to Gent-Gilline (37) The most recent ec stork on the rat res deferens md found Cardt of the Inpervation of the albino that the pated eroms lying between the nabbt oye to piven by Bentle and Stilwell murcle Abent appeared to terminato in (81) Thetr kun magolication photo beaded enlargements which were packed molcrogrips from methylene blve prope with magular and agrmular readcles. It mton give an excellent Idea of the sch wu concluded that truo nervo endings in Dag of the autonomic Inpervation. The both anatomical and physiological renses method por acellance for demonstrating had been demonstrated and that, u they Detworks of beaded adrener in were very mimerous in the mall samples thick prepantious and in sections in that eramined, it might be Inferred that every o Falck (62) and his colleagues (Falck, murcle fiber had an eding. Meanwhilo Hillarp Thieme ind Torp 82) who have Merrilleer, Burnstock and Halmın (63) shown that the serves to freeze-dred prep had been examining the longitudinal mur autoos, treated with formaldehydo gus cle coat of the guinee-plg vus deferens 80 C are highly fluorescent owing to the formation of condensation products glon from which junctional potendals had confining ther attention stdctly to the refrom catecholamines and 5-hydroxytrypt umiec. While this method may indeed been recorded. They also mude quandtamake a pruer contribadon than electrontire me purement of th: relative mumber microscopy towards solving many of the of murcle fiber and urons in transverse problems of automarnic innervation, it can rections. Their results were quite different not deal effectirely with the fine structural from those the present author bad obrelationships betireon individual ixona talped in the ret. They favored the hypoth md effector cell. In a short account of exis outlined in the Introduction of the the Innovation of the ret dilatar pupill.no present paper Damely that clor contacts Falck (62) demonstrates the extraordt which they found to be sure in the guinea nary Heinek md complaity of the autoplo ero of no special significance, and that pomlc ground plenus ind states thet en LXOns relou trunsmitter into tho due ple fibens com be peen leuring the bundles Space at verytog distances trom the mus at beaded Aber Occasionally a dnglo de Dombrmet. At this stage it to patodes Aber rum i short distance oth or with for the present author to argue whether or out branching od then seems to terou not he lo in error in thinldnt that enlargepate. Howroter as the moons begin to mcnta of muked arong which lie in grooves panuwe boor between the processes on the surface of the murcle fiben are of the dilator cello altimately to become Derve ending. Prolonged cumination of completely surrounded by them, ono woldent whether the fluorescence may not be sorlal sections will be necessary to decide whether these structures are actual enamasked by the denso urcoplasm of the tonical end pants, and some other apmoepitheltura, remembering, of courte proach will be required to determine hat he is desculbing total mounts of the whether or not all beads on an con disy charge transmitter simultaneously Vhat Following the publication of an impor tant paper by Burnstock and Holman important at prestat is the possibility who postulated from electrophyll unsuspected mixture of adrenergic cbollnergic Innervations and that th Dal mooth muscle coat of the gutres partions of these two kinds of pls tus deferens must have a very dich Innervation, because fuoculong potentials wury in different species. Alert stock und Holunan (63) tha Lod not thin section ·182 C. ARADON uxons in the guinea pig pas deferens con cholinergk, and with 'endings derailed uained a uniform population of agremulr by Thxeidert (83) and others to the valda 300-600 A lo dimeter with in smooth muscle of the gastro-totestinal occadonal Larger salcle showing higher trict and by Ishika (183) in human faternal density which was conddered to chary muscle. The vos deferents to both be a type 1 resicle according to the Grillo the gutre plg and the rat, bowerer and Palay (82) classificadon. The end known to contain an amuually high con tags to the guiden pis mere clearly quite centration of Dorepinephrine which would different from those in the rat to lacking presuppose not only a Ich lpperyattan bot the large numbers of gramlar realder. so that adrenergie nerves rould pre- The present author bus confirmed that the dorninate. It is internetag to noto la figure mafodty 1 not all of the ons in the 11 of the paper by Falck (62) that the erperficial regions of the guinea.pdg longl. apparent acombers of strongly flooresdag tudloal muscle cost lack gmulated real nenes in a transverse section of the clas but an ermination of the Internal guinea-pdg va deferens vary from ctrcular mascle it was found that the sparne distdbution at the persphery of the nerves were virtually idental with those langttudinal cost to a very dense accumdpreviously descided to the nat. The Latton within the deeper circular coat guinea pig clearly has two kinds of 'cod. This difference may of course bo due to togs in its mooth mucle This is prob the fact that the Derre Abea ure cut true ably the case in the nat although ending sorrely and appear us dots in the longitud! without granular resicles (Richardson, Dal muscle where they are cut loogitud 62 se plate 4 Ag. 14) seem to be very nally to the circular coat. Reexamination ut. of this too by frarescence microscopy Evidence for the usodation of granular is clearly needed. Another sugretttoo that valdes (at least of types 2 and 3) with the rus deferens is not imerrated purely the presence of catecholaminer would ap by drenergic fibers canner from the repear to be very strong A summary of this cent mort of Jacoboritz and Koelle (183) idence given by Wolfe et al (69a b) who have cumbined staining for choliner demonstrated to the rat pineal that teruse with the fluorescence method for Hulated norepinephrine, injected Intra catecholamina Although there may be an enously could be localized by xatardi come objection to the modifcation of the ography combined with electronicros Falck (62) technique which these authort copy in the terminal and preterminal found necessary to arod inactivation of parts of the sympathetic tions which the choinesterar, it recent reletint to cantalne granular resicles A fullar the present discussion that, while the sau localbation was found by Walle and deferenta of the galoca-pig and cat wett Potter (163) to Derre of the rat beart found to be similar in the content of Moreover Potter rof drelrod (62) hare adreperle Derre Abers the population of sharn that uttated horepinephrine is ACHE statned ibers 2 dens in the present to birhent concentration in a farmer and sparke in the latter species. It microsomu fraction of homogenized rat is so bonportant, if ther technicar can be heart, rather than in the clear supernatant. validated, that they found individual OTTT This would be consistent with localization bundes to contain a mixture of adrenerul in a small rescular component and cholinergic 2003 Mithin the wat It is suggested therefore that the Schristinn sheth This would be the care nerver in the fulnes-ple was deferents de In the mt (Aichardson, B2 plate 2, fig. 5) sabed by Venees Burdstock und Hal If one accepted the labeling which the two man (63) are not adrenergte but cho types of resca appear to puoride Inupic in function because they lack the One further characteristic of rutonomake pranular rentcles (type 2 und 3) This nenses copreras the large type I restka trould make them structurally identical Are these reiches indicatie of adreteryte with the endlop not found in the Inhibitory urons or of choltende too! sphincter pupillae which are known to be It would seeth td be a polot of some of ·DOT to mooth mouche, L. Frich II Coupledd, A E. 1902 Nett a dur a dry Mann cells to the rit drm Dodd Mater De Robato, Eod A Pentro de la 171 Pradrutcilar recretory proces unding in the plodand of the nt. J Boy Demo , ad L. Bart 1962 Istolar Connection betwen 000 a muscle cele de Duke Elder 1, od L. C. Wyber 1981 in of Opthalmolos Vol 1 Tbe boks 107-19%. Estacuta, A C. and JD LOT 1081 1 antatto flat call in the notul and Cocht totod painte-pt A In struotonly) te of the collalor location of nonos floarece metbod. Acta Phytol min Parquber G.and GL Palude 1963 Joc Galia, Land . L. Painy 100% Grunale con tartas de fa the tutopozabo nervous ten Electron troscopy od 8. 8. Beeton I Gigafett, E 1898 for L ditulo da morele dilato de la pupilla, che han 1020 L breketirar de Lyo, Lage Land W L Tutu 1950 Electro INNERVATION OF THIS MDICLES 123 LITERATURE CITD monco that these spedal vesicles occur to the bom described by Merollees Butt- Date, Cod D. L Shall 191 Lorent tion of them. Anet A., 141 - Rock und Halinan (83) In azons of the Boate J 1893 Intoostada DILD nabbt phincter muscle and indeed, uc Nervarebung des L ar rodinx cording to Coupland (189) In the progensphincter tatt bed slope od Vula z mik. Annt. Farch, 33 23-175. douc terminals supplylag adrenal nedol Burnstock, Cid L L. Halau 191 The lary cells. They are not characteristic of trontollon of actation from to the adrenaglo terminals of the rabbit dilate mica, dar of the nt rus deforens 115-1.13 1003 Smooth and take that powing to Hittle about the odgta of real mission. An der Physiol, 25 61-t1 des and thefr dynaruto behavior in the Bon, bowever It is premature to specu late. A much more important Anding at 104 310-JIL this stage would be to determine the ag nificance of the large number of agramu lar Tedda in the adrenarglo noms. phy Blocbem. Cytol, 101 301-172 SULTAAY DOW. Schac, 137 6704072 Recent work on the autonomic Innervatom a smooth muscle and on synaptic factations to the central and peripheral C. V Mosby Co, Bt. Looh, ya. DOTTOLI sy term, has revealed the etist enco al ut least two structurily distinct types de perve endings. One type contains Endocrinal, 13-252 Damerous cell, granular vedclos ~200- Talk, B. 1907 500 A fi diameter often called syneptio retides, together with an occasional largo 00, Puppl 187 1-18. resicle about 800-1 000 Å in Hameter which has a central core of vartablo nize tional o copia in Col Blol, 17 376 41L Ind deodty The other type also contains Guanio-culra, JW 1957 promlar veselo, but mixed with a large Hery marco Anat Rec, 117 210-260 number of panular realcles of about the come thes, in which there is a central very dette care a granule. It is highly probvol. 1, U-I, Aadunto Pron, NY able from Hochemical and other evidence that this second type of ending is indica C. 2. Acad. Bed, 117 000-osa thre at det eryls naves. The Innerraton of the sphincter and char las mammach Ann Deutht, Paz, 121 dulator mascles of the albitno rabbit eye bas been studled by electronmicroscopy to find Guytoe. 1048 Puurmacodynamics of the Intraocular Muscles Arok Ophthalmo out whether thero mu a structural differ O ence between the intramuscular Derren and DCTTC endings of these two muscles. The fourcher Nachweis 20 pares Tetorheen Elementapinala nabben erreauto pbacter which to very nchly Innervited de Plom mytoterlo (Apobaca) dan showed perves md perve endings of the chuchee N torwin, 9 30-01 Bost typo and there are condoded to be Ishiken, T 1999 Floextractor of the typical of choliperglo innervation. The aloy moncle. LATO Obtball Jacobow, D G B. Locle 1909/ dilatar bed terre ind nerve endings of stration of both cotylcholinester the second type Detalled study of the cholambres fame DOTTI mayoepithelial cells of thę dlator murcle cologist, 3 170 merealed the presenco of numerous June Jourph, D. 1921 The tal the coastal sympathetto topul completes betteen their procesiei on muscle of the tot. Am which appear to Hind them in a firn union. Oboxerations on the wall Dou spithella. J CM Lapetition of the ·184 LC. AICRARDSON Knapp. J 1902 Elektronmikroskopische Up Fotold, L & 1003 The two lead altri * tarpehung Ober die Indomitee von Hote high pH u to clectro-optque ato te etector und Corpoy alim de Hanzato ttt best mikroscopy I Col Biol, 17 todere Berkeletchtigung der Voltor. Zot. Richard.com LC 198 The Ape structura mit Andt. Forth, 416 447 attoocolo MT cind to pobooth tua Luncurthy O Red L Ortega 1943 The the nut sa dea J Apat, Land, AL b. Innanton of the bed the Mtno nbbit 49742 u muted to its function. Medictos, 2 1:7- Tud, J 1981a Etode de Malthustroctor 361 La J D, od A C Eschuttto 1981 Thor Dod optiques dans les angin structur of the artiola In the ratnes patbeto de la Grmonth. CR Land ply put. Natom, ID868-507 252, 174-176. Luter J 1463 Oboriton on the contractil. 10.1b Dur honoration des son thecae of the boa Quurt J Hic sd, I 8-17 munculatra los datostin de foot CL Lowotein, O. ind L L Lorenfeld 1000 The Acad. od 858 831-33 papill. Chap. rola 1-207 In The Er Trimmert, J C. 1943 The ultratracture to Droom, Academic Pron, NY dhrpottion of rucolated nen procere ba Latt, JN 1901 ruptor aponta in cpay rato amooth muscle. J Cell Biol, 10 301-377 ambadatos pethod J Biophysc. Biochem. Tour MAD, 1903 TL tractuta d the Cytal, O 400-414. chlary spttheum of the rabbit, with partier MacTL F And J G Brown 1981 The contro dar nutca to Infolded membrane, "d trt ction of scatolama ars the di atas u to eat richt ophthes, as 57855 cle, and the defects of DiamoL I Cullel 17 641-650 McEwa, LM 1030 The direct on the two lated rabbit bort of vial atharlatan and I Toontrata, and 1. 1. The 1950 UI structurs of the Icts on dectron microscopic modication by coolne, hamethontu... and geben. J Frutal. 131 OT-019 tody Am. ). Ophthal. H 307–418 Mayor H. DJ C. Bompton And B Londo 1001 Eurotron microscopy of the phy 1901 Amphe method for removing the on mot qicheliome of the touche In The Stractat from opory embedded theor. J Maphrak. Blow of the Ere dare 441-4, LA chett Cytol. 909-10 dink itt, NT Mur, NCI, Parnstock and WE VLA Alpber, GW LM 1003 The struction Halmen 1903 Correlation of any troctor chan to miod and mydriads of the monkey und phylolots of the frenatog of smooth art. Arch Ophthal, 2-414 muscle to the fuldeeply yu daarent. J Cell wat D LT Potter C. Richardson or Bial, 1951-380. Arulrod 190 Localitor tritatad north Palay & L, L. McGee-Rato, &. Cardos mod Asplrte ta pepatbeto Aran by lector LA COLD 1102 Fade of Deante paleocaplo autoadhopupby fence for clectronmicroscopy by perhatian with roku 140-402 thome of oumluto tatrodde. J Cell Biol. 18 Wolte, D. EJ Artrod, L T Potter and LC MU10. Puchardson 1992 Localization of norg Pan W., od DCP 1954 Tutution thephrine ta adrenalo urons by Night-md an af Eyahooldam to improne to pro lectro-microscopic kutorudiography In Elec crvation for chactrum dcroscopy Ultrastruct. trantimicroscopy I & Brej ROR: 1-7 IL-L, Acadepalo Pirn, NY Pottar LT and J Axelrod 1902 - Introdu Wolle, D. E, and LT Potter 1913 Locally locultation of atempts to the of tom of peopleplurn in the worlal to the tu. Nature, p1-92 Them Anst Rec. 145. 301 ·PLATES ·212 CUY INTE VAN with a brief comparison with the thymic plusmocytes diffen from that of large hiyo lymphocyte o corresponding nuclear of phocytes by tus prominent and palo Gad imeter Moreover tho reticular cells Love and by lo maro purpllah berophilli. be brefly described in order to distinguish (C) Hedlum plasmocytes Cell bartos them from the plann.ocyte nude meaning between 5 9 and 48p to diameter are clindfied us medium plamo Resting ceuls cytes (ilg. 4 5131) Tho amount of AD- (A) Reticular cells The cytoplasm of dear sap is len to medium theo to large these cells in pale and thus almost to viddle plasmocytes so that nucle of the fame (igr. 12, 27) A fet reticular cells, hom appear darter than those at the latter ever are seen in which a slight und some This doclear map shom a purplo color and Uma patchy basophila makes it possible in this respect, differs from the needy to see the cytoplasın. This absence of a coloden sep of the largo planocytes. Food well outlined and strongly basophilic cytochromattu dota aro len trequrot la bare plesm permite us to readily distinguish dhmm than in largo plasmocyter. Instead ibis cell from a planocyte. The mucleus carker and darker chrarnattn mid varten to dze (up to 11 u in diameter) u often reen. The one (Ag. 4) to four HDpolo and hu very fino chromatin dots and cleal are maller mod regular in the Threads which an slightly reddub One and derker bive than the nudeath of large or to call acidophuc mucleall are plasmocyter Again the eccento muckus present. 1 adjacent to the Galgt zon. The cyto (B) Large plasmocytet Celo with mu plaats dmilar to that of large plasmo del meanuring 54, more in diameter cytes, except for accedanei Zedetibb Are defined u larpe plastocytes (fig. 4 L) Rumel's bodies, calated crystals arm Their nucle are round to oval with a colar merous amall coloden vacuales (Ag. 9 M). Best wap contatntng pale blue chromatin While the medium bare faller pucket structures. Many chranatn dota u Ane than tho large plasmocytes aboy bare prac as those seen in reticular cells u well as tically us much cytoplinn (tablo 2. Recond a few lerger ones are usociated with the Inc and some of the cell farming third Duclear membrane The one (in 4 8 line) so that thetr puckel an lede od the 11 13:L) to four nucleoll (Ap. 33:L) very cellular volume (about 15 to 30%) than In tre and shape (betng round, avıl, nel those of large planocytes. Lato er elongated) and contun dightly The nucleolar apparatus also appears to Maddophillc core and a besophilic coat. The Omo more frequently us angle and aucleu is usually eccentric and, occuples larg structure in he medium plasma 30 to 605 of the cellulv rolameuble 2, cytet than to medhum lymphocyter bort Afth column) A Golgt hont (about 2 y lo mbetetike nude of both cell types are not diameter) les adjacent to the nudewe be ler However modheto plasmocytes can be cureen the nucleos and the bulk of cyto readly differcndated from medium 15 plasm opponly the one appears to be phocytes by their much greater amount of Located juruly within o mislear tanplima pdrpilah cytoplam and by their prominent tion and in contact with a mucleoties. The Gde ponc. sharply delineated gruplacat often hus the (D) Small plasmocyter Cells with no form of an Integular polygon (fic 4 ) che mesurlar 46H or less in diameter and chida i purplhah busopasti with the defned mall plastocytes (sh keveral wall and body colade recuales 579) The awicar foam rudies, round to (Ag. 8) Rumels bactes are not seen oral mucle belog common.The chronion Å slnelo und very large muchalus ap structures and ouclear up stain voll darler pean.moore commonly in large pllanocyte than in medioto pasmocytes Only courte than in large lymphocytes Otherise the maskes of threatin an average of eight nudel of there to cell types are similar me asociated with the muclear membrane except that the few largest plastrocyte Generally be ora] to round macheolo nuclel on sliphuy larger (about 8pm ss located file menter of the nucleus and than tbe largest thypite lycaphocyte node ut metus up to 11,5p (ig 58): les (86) Alco the cytoplasm of the life freguendybere are tira (öc 23 %) ·213 PLANOCITOFOLARIS IN LAT tiro las columns) Heace in there i sin oren terre mucleall but there is muller The chromatin network condits mady of gla bucious would account for only o to fer fire thruds connecting the chro 10% of cellular volume. Many of these mattomat to the mucleotard Agin the cells uppear bloodaated. On the bado tbut eccentre midrus bas e pals Gold rond all are bindented, the two mucle mould belde tt Cytoplum de dolor to that to account for 18 and 21% of the cellular per plombocyter, oncept than mich Doro volume (tablo 2. percentare in bruckeus) These latter rides are cloneT to those obfrequently bere, it is Alled prith mall me Doles which then here crescent shape tuned for correspondingly died duceated mod are bytes on painst the opher (dle plannacytes without inclusion Thu might 19:8) As decided by Bears (154) in soggest that, at last, mout of these cells buch car, the bestophlife cytoplam is are actually boucleated. Textdated to Alfoon boldges between the (2) Nuclear bude and oacuolet The rucola. The appearance of theto naco nude of plasmocyta ahor frequently a der vudies being caloren in some cells phenomenon that i did not prorously oband redetleh in ocbers. The man have v Erve in theic lymphocytes. A budear much cytoplasm as tbe plasmocytes; bud (up to 2 p in diameter) la corromonly o that thermal proctol tccount for only men ind (gr. 7 35 errors) often com 10 to 15% of their cellular ratione (table Dected to the nucleus by a thio thread of 2 footh Hou od part of celle foretog chromatin (up to 1 u tn Length) At times thtrd Inc) spherules dudlar in appearance to budeer While the Dudel of wall plastocytes buds lo apparently fred in the cytopliom Tre todistinguishable from those of small Dear the audet (og. 14 24 arom) hypophocytes, the cells are readly distin There buchs und spherulet coatin e pale tulated from the latter for they exhibit care and a dark coat which ratas with the much burger amount of cytoplasm with a samo baxopblic Intensity u the muckeus. promtat Galgi Zone Vaually these structures are murrounded by (E) Cometalkies Under this heading . rather pale utom of cytoplasm and wro WHLT be described three occidonul features Atuated on the nucler sido adjacent to of the cele of the planocytic tortet. the bulk of cytoplasm. Not uncommonly (1) Creoplasmic taclurions Rutas muclear bud appens to be within the bottest (ilg10 11 39) and creas are Golgl tone (BE 7 upper erron) La adal Pout to morno medtum, and, more tre tion to these nuclear buds occdonal pale goerady to forte mall plastocytes (ouble muclear nauales are scen (Ap. 10 13 Luxtimolas) Twenty-seven out of the ATTUT); and ROIDO obunata mert 3 nu dored wall plastocytes with their elpotna don to the cytopluon (ig. O Roometr bodies (per not the pumber of LITOW) Orieke cells Tury between 1 and 11 out of (3) Cellular outlet The collular out 3000 plusmocytes) Generally tho Roting of yoide plaanocytos 'is loregular and er bodies are larger (up to boulip) rites sime to cytoplank beds of Tarlova than the cytoplannic vacuole, described woos apd shaper (iç BiL) Sout of these above, and stata reddan, but accadordilly trods reen to be cosmected to the call by a are colorien. Somse plasu better achitat Ave threat other appear to hard ro ruch Nople or few lar Audi bodler pod 'consection. Moreover, cytoplasmk frug otbay contain tutoerous 0001 at tous menda bo observed in the Metalty As (ty, 39 $) At thmes the bottes eren Fegulady detheted plasmocyten. Al mo much of the cytoplasmi 3 to create These tripugents seem to be free within Ducar distortion Long bd coaless con the exutcellular mpacta (g. 10 Loog ETtalo occur eliberstdor In barre numben tow) Tbe trequency ruch turetulante withlo a plastnosti in plast ay In cytoplamale outlina marles with yidows tals are paralla to rach babet and distort podo rent id al trom pode to nodo. the modeus which apban flattened Elongation of coplasm und or of Dracleum anainst them. The'proty cytoplatok rot Fiere also observed otgesting that kurze ume of plampocytes with doskop i plamotte are unde potpe an active ime twice that of other halermpatto (tuhle 2 bike motion (Az 8L However dlepeda - 1 ·240 1 ENESCO AND DELLA PUDOT TALLI Kur neck het mykt osa in of web pechat per te Alber focktty trop bonut Youtu.lt 10.0 973 Bico brtchil Widget (A) Mode Damber Estere ctrl I.L WYdicht (s) Nachd pronber 24 1801 21 LO 11.6 14. 1010 17.5 1688 03.1 9810 Gastrocpantes Welgbt (A) Noclomba TILL Antoda Weight (HE) Nacle poober 7 134 1134 4033 2002 regions of any particular muscle belly absoluto weight of ench of the three com When the counts were compared to arck ponent parts of the muscle belly increased lng and young adult nt there wus ether with ago, more mo in the mureles of the no difference or a slight decrease with age. hindimb then farelimb within each mot Hence, no new mecle Abers are formed in dlo, the increase mu more prontpent for the period of growth studied. the fibers thao for perdegetum and endo Fraction of muscle tissue occupied by milum, et leust between the arching and muscle fiberi ondomystarm and portray prepuberal stages. slom (fig. 1) Vyhllo moclo Abers con Absolute mumboni of nuclet (ig 3 dphot) adtuted most of the muscl, belias ut u A dgnificant increase in the absolute nonages, ther relative amount vided with ago ber of mixclo aber nucle and of endog In Hing nat, the muscle fibers constt. dal and pedonydat nudd occurred with tuted only 70-77% of the total weight, at age Like the DNA content, the member of the prepuberal stage tho proportion of mus muscle Aber mucet apprendmately doubled cle Abers was 86-88% and at the young ta biceps brachil, tripled in balles anterior adult stage 82-85% of the total weight. and quadrupled in gastrocnemius mod ex The difference between sucking and pre tensor corpi radilalts longus betreen the pubenl stages was sigattilaant for all us nucking and young adult pages. cles bowever that between prepuberal and The corresponding bacteux In member adult muges was doitant only in the of nucled in the codonyeturn and pertour murdes of the foreltmb (O DI > p > 0.001) fum wu approdonately Ave-fald (eroep The change in the relative weight of mus for biceps brachit where the increase s cla Abeto was accompanied by FETE but twofold in the endandum) changes to the relatie melght of wodamy Heas mucle Aber wetght and meet som end pedoyutumn (g. 1). of nuckel pot muscle Alber The Abent of Fraction of the total number of nuclet I four muscle belles had approximately present utthin Tuscle Abers (2) At the same metght to the stuckling animals al rapes the muscle Aber nucle consti- (2.1-27 pe tabte 3) The welght lacreased tuted apprordmately 65 the endomyrial with age coodderably espedally in the cell pudd 25% and the pectrupul cell muclel 1050 d those present. The only sallent sertation in the percentage of our FLE 3 On the left side the bootste wedus cle Aber aucel mas decrease with age in od ponde Abery ( modendom() tballs interior oddbanho (u) to four purcha of met kagperpobrod rostor ndalt rott. On the CALCULATED RESULTS Het is the beliet cld be le monde beat droghton () mod rest Absolute Iright of parke Albers endo mtuma (-) to four main pactos pft mystem and perinten (ig. 3 left). The pubert und Form udalt rits ·10) 002 M BICEPS BRACHE 888 TO nd OO 70 D war 000 m 20 D. 7 3 >D 7 0. 2 30 78 100 po LL EXTENSOR CARP mar RADIALIS LONGUS Doamu 100 TO tamu CO OTO 0 mu 01 O OT O QOT 00 000 700 DO TO M GASTROCNEVUS 200 DOO GR Domu D 100 70 30 @ 2 O to 09 MTBIAUS ANTERIOR FR mo LOO 70 10 DO 7 to d N tuntu ·270 JAMIES. TALOG, COLIN Y LALOCHY AND LYRON J COLLY und Hanok, 31) at least long cough for fate u dentis, sultadon must be used a layer of normally mineralized postinjec rather the inhibited, to account for the tion dentin to be focused (Storey 81) decreure in collate to the hypomineralized componente The hypomineralized components of the responses Mechanism of action In the presence of these differences of fluoride and among the more aggregated components strontiam the dmlarda between the fluodde und It is evident that both strandum ind strontium Induced hypomineralized compa fhrodde inhlut mineralization at least to nents are striking The normal, atrapt pent because of ther common influence on increuse in aggregation which occurs at the state of aggregation of dentin mater. We have attebuted the absence of a byper the dentin-predentin function wus Inhiſh mineralized component in the strontium Ited or ictersed by both floodde and stronresponse to the different actions of strom tum. This change wa reflected in all of tum und furorldo on crystal reeding and the statning reactions as well as in the growth. The ability of stronttum to tohillit lower content of 5 sulfate in the bypo apatite seeding and cryptal growth mineralized components than to predentia do contulbute to the developroent da or dentin. The decreased dendty to the hypouninerallzed component, and a staillon hyporn peralized component after fluodde action of fuorde has been demonstrated has also been demonstrated in the Inter (Bobel and Goldenberg (51) Hometer ference microscope (Yueger '83) Omaali and Yaeger ('64) bare empha The Identity of the hypomineralized.com sized that since both the hypermineralized ponents in the radiography and the lightly and bypomineralized components are de stated components is demonstrated to sev veloping simultaneoudy after fluoride it! eral ways. The hypondneralized compo unlikely that fuoddo inbletts antal Denti demonstrated by radiography Were growth or seeding durdog this period. spatially identical to the less a pregated substantal number of enzymes (Frajda Fluoride on the other band, inhiboa components demonstrated by staining wod 59) setenl of which may be directly or autoradiography Furthermore the histo chemical changes developed at the same indirectly involved in protein or polyam chadde trothers ar in mineral metabo dme us the radiographic changes in both Ilsm. In this ase, do direct evidence the finordde und strontium responses flable to tridicate that strunthurm Inhibits Finally both histochemical and ridio any yugodate enzyme item and 1 maphic changes to the strontium injected mumber of studies of frontlom ockets animals developed one day later than those bare Dot estabilahed Itt ettology (Storey in the floorde injected antmals 61). Explanation of the mechunism of This inhibition or reveral of aggrega Lction of trontium und fluoride la procure ton confirma in general the crie lotni fng the responses in dentin is therefore puttadons of statning reactions made by limited by the chemical uncertainty of the Schour and Smith (34) and Infog ind histologic observations und mwalis accu Wetomann (48) These wuthors boter pilation of blochtmical evidence parchet preted thefr materal u indiadng mu lery concerning the tardicology of stable rest of maturation of predent during the Strontium. deteloppent of the responses to fluoride SUIDLAXY and strontium. Our own previous fnterpre Fifty dry aid male rats were injected sub tatton of the hypomineralized component cutaneously with sodlum fuarldo 15 mg us a Layer of less a pregated matriz is also 100 g) or strontium chloride (125 ml confirmed Ye however were less cu 100 ) od Hled at Internet of up w tous thin the earlier trockers und our peten day following injection Sore and hypothesis cancerolng the inhibition of pre mals Frere also infected wib tetracroire dentin culiadoo must be abandoned. Sioce at the samne trpe as the found of gre predento pormally contains us pruch rul tam Injections Other animaly pre Lt .

·271 1. SPORAL I DETIK TO TINTIUN AND FLUORIDE Tho I. T Nicholson and E. Drowe, beled with sulfate (5 wc/s) dung the Baldo Diriala, Kagan Boot Com opedimental paddod. Ground sections of peny LC Mor Yack, dz. 114-143 Gerah, Lad H. B. Catchpole 1900 Tbe Datare millary todo Foro ndłogopbed or al pound betra a coupectie dorp. Pet pbotosphed to ultrarloket Hight. Demnspeethus to Biol. and Wed, 3 253-318. call methods were statoed with heme- Cleber LLI 1039 Kabucolar Walory of more toxylin md tosin, den Wurs, dalyzed maltad twrot with particular reference to fronterocyanide at the parlodic idd Schle bons. Het Mod. Phn, 31 339-34). 1980 Bpectilety of the pooltepla stro method, ar autandioprophus prepared tom of organic greu to shanthathoc. L. Hypamatpenalized comparents were ap- Colettention to Bobogaal Estatet. Ed by . purent doo dry utter the injection of F fogon. Amen Amoladog for the Loodule and two der ifter the tnjection Adrencement of Ecience (Pobtication No. 61) of prontturo. Histochemically detectable Waltgton, RR 421-437 Bale CW 1040 Hertochemical doonitration change developed cumltanootty with the of dd polyracchaddas ta omal treuer Na radiographie changes. The tetracycline ta tun, IIT 802. Sections labeled the external edge of the Hela-etabert, 1931 Cround robalance hypotuirnalized components muscating boon uits, and collar activity 4 bode farroa that hypounieralization occurred at least tha mi carruction. AD) Anat, 317-320. party in the presentin present at the time Hjertet, SO 1900 Blopbnical and histo chamadol studies on tooth in from normal a injection. The hypoxoneralized compad mchitke dog Acte Peth. o Microblol Dedo uned Hghter than normal dentin Sat 10: 100-170. with all of the Ruining methods used, and Irrint JT 1043 The action of rodhem duorick contatoed lou smlfate the normal preon the dentin and perdent of the tocleot denn und dentin Intensely ratned cour twth of mat courumtox dieta contatto cal chum and phosphoronto Yurto ratio J pornts both external and internal to the Demt. Lo, R 47-48 hypandoenlized components were edthes 104 Thood cthor of verlous Draumally mealbrod o hyponatremited. bake the teetha Nature, 134 140- 180 These observations were interpreted us in Into TIP Rema 1946 Erpet dicate that stronular and fhuaido inmountal Kodla tn caldhatian VL Rappena What a trpedo the mauti uggregation or of dentin e the ret tockor to traduction of mally occurring at the dentin-puedentin roott... J Dent en 17 680-680 Junction, thus inhluting mineralization Infos. J I J P Wantin, L kebour and Is 1049 Espaineta radio in cal LITERATURE CITED cost vu Dentina change to the inchior of the memberectomiad m. i Deat. Rom, u Hilma, L. P 1954 Avondo grupulo in 7 time of datry mod truont of peber Jackson D & 1903 Chondroita palfario cha ap, boce, rodotto of yote na rod to fletor to the stability of San Blochem. cdct abonohen betro Com. Ho J 54-641 dhen und Ihrdel, 161-19 Bianca, LKD Machmi and A. Datsun Below LY w B. B. Victory 1991 Kate to pro-codare L Golubility cooped between tot moopolybroche tros Sce Expe, BIOL. and WM 4M40. Hidhe atas u nied to display! 2. Letocht D 73-7 fer Ls, Cod D Com 1837 Contal How Dawcett 100 á Tatbook lopuble stort of olden od stronttrahy trany petta. Acta Chee Band, 11 345- of Fatology. Reusders Company PA dutie, Land, CI EL CID E. Einget 1037 Bonet, Laatut tod J Mon 1933 tro o carbohydrate with tres 1 drool hope alertou to the opposition college mod atracted at the related to so bat atrod by the predod van Abe fornton ddpadon. The Natt od street at College. IS IT Rn del Acetato Pion, New York, n. 1808 Darwiatkowd, DR Diarna I Bous me contact 1:07 Tam pcaltata poyo tad diepbrres of hy mtu It H, 100: KOD4 Irk, 163 calde si me to bulantica la Thorton and Dil Hai Ea. by I cable ad X. L. Hold that y Moodytos Pp. 60- Cmt i 1000 Grocerbettend outlet Howy w de bu Poo u To A Rodahl, 1 htu dut. J Homs, 5 445 450. Mette LL white, E. A Kada od KO Nylen 1103 Chenalmad parpbolod ol stadion on the terrealabostad Larta JCM, 16 M43-452 Mules KW H ketaty 1836 Lexact of da tutto procesom od deseta upport bent attade. J Dott. Rom. Hey, I DALIL Tobin 160 Traction at thote h boon. I Bed Heat our DA 901-410 1 Aku Woo wodne bar the Whcocboude tedy o kto curbetreute. J Hobc4407 ·2.88 SARDUL $ CURAYA Beko B. 1918 The histocbet opet ter of Hatas. Quart. 3 a B 87 41-470. 14 Importprata in the Botas Hack technique. Quel W. Hol, 07 01-013. Blanchette, In 1971 A dy of the one tars of the rabbit pourt oocytt. J District Ros, 5 M0.38). Alandes, XJ 1985 klo o odboru plantation Bear and Internal Becketan (dud by C Tour) The WTO md milion Company Baltimore, third ed 707-th. Rradhury A. 1990 Hun saltet 4 4 COT pbeat toore a thoonden Qout. I. Le. Bel 07 37 Gray, $ 19:59 Histokul mate al pids by oocytes. I lipide to the doporta Cočumáa liric. Quurt I the sch, a 4T It cannot be cald wbat role they play in the Tihnis of yolk bodies but it means to be significant that tbalr phospholipids are doploted as tho ylak bodies Pron In man Parls two types of yolk bodies namely compound folk bodies and Updd droplets originato de novo in the cytoplasm by tho Activity of the yolk pudeus Hold bodies And mitochondria Tho Latter cell corpo Dents do not grow directly into talk bodies m3 wus datmod by earlier workers. The compound yolk botle, which consist of carbohydrate protein cuplex, correspond with the inclusion or vente clement de Boobed by electron microecopista. The lipid droplets compoeed of pborpholipidı, are Identical with the Upld droplets of electron Tokopy Similar type of yolk bodia which are most highly developsd and are at coraplar ulatocbemical nature also appear do novo in the cytoplasm under the influence of various formed cell corpo ponts, in tho opened at brda reptiles ind Ashes in ther species, most of the formod cell componenta completely disappear from vlow during yolk syntheals SUDARY The so-called yolk oruclour of young oocytes of mammals diferendate close to o mudow Itt a homogeneous spherical wa bavlog Korte vacooler Histochter a tests show their cariate of proteins sipas os and UANA. The Uptd borlies, which are in the form of pranules and rods and which consist of proapbolido de velop in association with the yolk nucleus. Both the lipid bodies and the yolk nucleus constitute the so-called "Colgl complot of dectron microscopy The yolk ouder dir Integrates belare the yolk bodies are farmed meaguhile the psd bodles grow tato complex dements which correspond to the multivesicular bodies of slectrod mi- CTOXOPT The blochemical nature of the mitochondry, endopalmic touiculum of erfattorplanul, chromstold bodies and folk som described. LITERATURE CITED Anderson, LTHY Betro 1000 Cytoket cu oberta a the con irtetuar of the Guis pte orary with model nitrece to th coroaidro, proury oocyte od sunt tot Ich stils. j uitruatrict. Act * 439-46. 1848 Hohnical stats al Holbo oocyte II. Lipid to the corneh od Boules was entidis Huppel Le Dall plab Date IKS 9405-12 20-50 statochemisch of that to BOST UL Lipida ta the oocy of the most and the hare Be DAOL Panjab Unt 10: 81-07 29600 Hatchambaul studies of Haldab oocyte TV Liptor to the pogrners omsticks, Strepeople who od Streptogesha moto Ret Bull Panjab Unt 10 118 m 2030. urochemical studies of Loldet pocytes Y Lolde to the corronde o Caleri perocodor pod Drone artit herriakb. Bu bal Prajab at 10243-945. 10580 Hitochodil saditor pidato pocytet. V. Liple in the open of male, Lycodor u. nutieu und Betronet Ret Ball. Panjab Unt 10- 1.300. 10 Extorbentical studia at Updass Cocy. YIL pels to the teeds of the treb wtta tarthe, Lawn monctala ka Bol Panel Qadr 10 20313. 12304 Lipide la the corner of Art pedia of motin. Seloc. and Culture H 190302 e IP Historbemical states of lipica te oocytes. YIL Lepide in the Doct of the rout Has. Dat Panlab Vaty 11 173-11. 1961, Hbtocbomid studies of th ba Ooct. IILipid to the oocyte alt and the trutt Le ale e 30-31 a toob 1pid to the use Quart y Miss Bad 381-3 1904 Tbex publed paita Qeert. I iner IDOL yolk ocean ia Lupet. Reo, 344 1943b yolt nocnus to 90 698-tou Huhtutaca, M. T T Shimoyassi Eutrop mk hurt of the r 3 Jrp. Otr

·THE YOL NOCLZUS IN MOMALIAN ONANESIS
289
1980b Tlection du cople mutin an
the fou tracture of the butt ondan tollici
(Brport II) J Ja Obe. Gre soc 7 188
Jardo, B. , ad I L Baka 1955 Alpha
rodin/petyl rum technique Qart. J
der ScL DE 177 178
Mouson, JI 1011 Acoperta stody of the
tructure and dirlo of the realkrociru. Arch.
Zatoch, 000-716
Odor DL 1000 Electron fcroscopic studies
ordu oocy and watetilbed tubulon
In the mit J Brophy Blocbem. Cytol, T
607-374
Potrn, E 1800 Histochemistry) ind
A Church LTD., London Appeadli, a 80-
8.30
Sotah, J Bed L . Purteer 18.30 An chectron
kroscope study of the motim. Buopbu
Blochem. Cytol, 8: #77-341
Yamade, LT Itat, Motorn und Koga
1037 The fpe structurn of the oocyte to the
moun ority studied with dectron microscope.
Tho Larure Hoch 4148-17L.

·288 SARDUL | GOLYA Coor It cannot be did what role they play in the Bater, J 1946 The historbonlal record syatheads of yolk bodia, but it seems to be tan of thton Quart W. , 17 441-470 golfcant that their phospholipids are 180 Improntotta to the Fedo Wack ticholgon. Quart. J et al, 21-02 depleted us the yiok bodle grom In part Blancbette, EJ 1001 A sturdy at than the mas two types of yolk bodian namely tan of the abult poetry oocybe. J Ultrastruct compound folk bodies and lipid dropleto, pleaded, BA. 3 340-303 1001 odglnato de novo in the cytoplean by the Blology of up to plantation fa pd Internal Seertthon (edhed Activity at the ralk pucleus, lipid bodles by Y cYoung) The tutto ad Hot and mitochondria The latter cel campo Company Baldara, Otrd od 70740 nend do not gros directly into ralk bodies Brdorury 1958 Homan lt u nient pour owbacoelesa Quart y la as wus dalıped by carter wortor. The Bch, 97 13-07 compound yolk bodies which consist of Qurtyı, & 1057 Helstochcalcat och d carbohydrate-protetor comples, coprepond Holdt oocyte L Lipide to the coptotal Cache liria. Quart J M XL, 04: 407- with the induston ot ylelline elements de scribed by electron microscopiate. The Upbd 105 Hiltochemical sodba o plata droplets compared of phospholipids ero oocyta IL Lpict to the oortree of Bow Identical with the Upid droplets of electron Hlus parturia Rappel Red Jal. Paolo Upte 155 15-16. microscopy simlar type of your bodies 10.50 Histochemicu odio of Hold to which are mod highly developed and are cocyte II. Lipids in the cocytos of them of complex histochemical nature also apand the hate Ba Ball Punjab Vot 107 11-07 pear de novo in the cytoplasm, under the 1950b Histochemical studies of Hota influence of various formed cell corpo oocyto. I Lole to the words of CARU nents in the oogenesis of hitrds, reptiles domestic streptopeta Mwant and Aabes in these species, most of the Streptomele decocto. Kor. Bull Panjab Unty 10x 110-12 forrded cell components completely dlap- 10300 Hortobell todier ou be peer from view durdog roll yntheds. oocyte V Lipide to the corner of Colours rutcolor and Uromart hurrick Ralp SUMMARY Panjab Unte, 10 $335. The to-called yalk nucleus of young 10:00 Histoebendent and of the ba pocyte VI. Lipdea to the opel of webe, oocyter o munmals diferendatos close to Loox e alker and have triowate. Am o nucleus It is a homogeneous spherical Bol. Punab Unt 101 291-300. w baring some racoles. Hutochem 1050 Ftochemical toda a plata cal torta xborr that it cookies of proteins, oocyte. V. Lunds in the correth d the truh witte turtle, LAN Actata. Ra. Mpoproteine and URNA. "Too bad bodler Bull Pantab Upty 10; 305-31 which are to the form of granules and rods 1859f Lado la the opport in und which concle of phospholipids, do spect of poker Bokeca and Calten, 200-301 velop lo uskociation with the yolk muclouk 1900 stocbemical stadiu al Hd Both the upid bodies and the yolk meclow oocytut Yul. Lps to the cost of the pht. coordtuto the so-called Gold copies of Po Bon. Panjab Dat 31 173-15 electron microscopy The yolk mucleus dis- 10611 Hotechedlce tatt of Mb Integratet belore the rol baches aro ocytes. L Late to the Oogst at the coors od the bont La aleb 01 DJIB farmed metnwhile tbe lipid bodies TOW -- 1901b Italta to tbr ou ye into complex element which correspond to Quart J l ScL, 10 Hits tbe muldvesicular bodies of electron mi loca The strdotare in functie de soalled pork proches to the compreneb Water croscopy The blatochemical nature of the Quart y lo sol, 100 411-416. mitochondda, endopalimic reticulum or 19034, stocbola sada othe ergestopise, chromatold bodies and pinuicheas in the societation option rolk u uso descdbed. Anel Rey 148 1-9 1435 Hockenlaul trodias a the LITERATURE CITED roll Duelos bo lub ootelZ DIforce 60-650 60 Anderton, Ed A. W Bee 1990 Cytatod Kahlmoto, LT (mud y Hood u obuery they come the one tractors of the T shtroom, touted K ALM 1190 ratnu porary with pical roat to the Electron microscopilo sodber do the LR oorontum. petmury oocytt od trocated fał ton of the nbat arlen fat (lqart I). el coll i Olmstrict Ra 340-416. Jap Obe Com tod, 7 As.

·289
THE TOLI NDCLIUS IN MALILLALIAN OOGENESIS
* Dictron acto cope kun on
httsnotherbott ordo falen
CD)I . Om Gyl boch7 2-
A
LX JL lite As A lmple
de meta techni. QuuttI
that I, ITHIN
Hari 1 A cooperation mode of the
geton od tyto of the role odach, Arch.
za to Tid
L 1860 actress microscook stadiet
orola costes rodonlatitted tobal of
to the rt 1 BlophrBlochem Cytol. 7
567-574
Par, A. G. E. 1960 Ibrocbetolstry J and
A. Churchdi LTD Londoo. Appeadt, & $12-
Sotelo, and L. Porter 1959 An vertroo
moletoscopa mody of the ns orto. Blopby.
Plochem Chol, $397-342
Yooxdı, ET Mota, Motocom And IL Kopa
1951 Tbi se kraction of the pocyta to the
moun or studied with electron microscope
The Korut Medl. J. 146-371

·298 CARDUL SOULAYA Buku IR 1946 The blatochtone Itcapol Hon of the to. Qurt ) Mac 07 411-470 - 1938 Icoprorements to the Suda Wach tectorado. Garrt J V So, 07 001-00 Blancheth, J 1981 Agody of the one ordo ture of the nubudt pent oocy. Ultratrict Be, $. 340-JA. Bland, RJ 1981 Eldaty of run to plantation sa and lotutoe kortion (atted by ITC Young) T. Waltom and Windo Company Bathmore, third od 707-02 Brudbury .. 10:58 Huraia w u cor dat sota dolaracleta. Quart / M. 60. 91 71 Gorty, 18. 1037 Rostochemical eller d Hipide to aocybe L Lepide to the coppida Conck Hard Quart J Kuler. LH 407- It cannot be auld what role they play in the motherds of yolk bodles, but it seems to be dgnificant that their phosphaltpids ere depleted u tho ylok bodles grair la mammals two type of yolk bodla nemely compound rolk bodies and lipid dropletu odglnate de modo in the cytoplasm by the activity of the yolk nuclew Updd bodies and mitocbondria The Iriter cell compa Dents do not grot directly fato ralk bodies as was calmed by carter wortel The compound yolk bodies which consist of carbohydrate protein complex, correspond with the includan or vitello alernouts de cribed by electron microscopiste. The ipold droplets, compared of phospholipids XIO Identical with the upid droplets of electron microscopy Stollar type of yolk bodies which are most highly developed and are of compla histochemical naturt elmo ap pear do novo in the cytoplum, under the influence of redan farmed cell compa nents in the oogenede af birds, ropules and the In these species moet of the formed cell components completdy diap pear from view datag yolk theula BUNLARY The so-called rolk nucleus of young pocytes of mammui differentato come to Ducleul. It is a borogeneous spherical havtag some vacinales Histochera cal tests show that it is of protetos lipoprotein and INA. 'The Wald bodler, which are in the form of ganules and rods and which caoidst of phospholipids do velop in sodation with the rol nucleu. Both the pld bodies and the yolk nucigus cortsututo the malled Gall comples of electron microscopy The yolk nucleo die Integrates before the 'yolk bodier 200 fortned mewowhile the lipid bodies IOT Into complex dements which correspond to the multipesculer bodies of electron mi crocopy The histochemical nature of the mliochoodple, endopslamic roticwana ergestoplatot," chromatold bodies and yolk is uxo detailed TERATURE CITED AndermanE A HW BALDU 1000 Cytokgt al obat atau 09 the bine structure of the rode the only with special refereat to the ooroom, potary toch od urocated tot Helen Uitrustract Ra, 3 46-144 as Batochalal odio a Hot oocyta. H. Lo Lo the colors of Honec Yle Artikel Roppen Bm Dall Pou) Onte 16 MB_153 13 Histach calculate of to oocytet II. Lipless to the apoyto of the ruban and the burin, Boll Panjab Unf 10 81-07 105.05 Autochemiau stadiu o Wylda oocyth. IV Lipid to the opptoode of Cou bruttic topopelte mora od Streptopele decocto. Rou. Bat. Pantal Gate 10 110-130 10.Do Ristochond tudo od ob cocytu. Lipid Lo che cortouds at Cams moncolor and Uromantle hard Xos. Boll Punjab Unt 10. 233-245 2050d Histochonda todia of picha bu pocytot. VI. Lipid in the opt of Lycopos e ab und Bilde onowe. Ret. Boll Punjab Date 10 102-3031 12:30Histobookcal site of Molde pocyte VII. Lipide to the core of the freela mot turtle L. La Bull Punjab Unty 10+ 306-313. IDSL Liples to the oth Ar pela o reptila ko and Crurt, 14 390 391. 1080 Mocochokcal studies of the ta DOCT YIL. Lipados to the cocyta of the rout Be Il Papin. Unuty 11 17-001 Iogia Blstoch pakcal rotta azt a oocyte. Dc Ziptda bo toe oocy at the cobra and talt. La cuk,61 10.-12 to 10gib talde to the Hun har Quert] Hirsch, 109 11- ist The strocter and function at the alled Talk paciou to the ori obrt Qoert y luer kl104 411-416 2043 HDistochemical adley on the rok poctron to the potentialer Apst. Boc 14617-11 1983b Hrochoraku sobe on Dee to pockeu to dob agterka I zelord faktoroto, ILT MAY KILA Karte T moguma, koska nad k Ausbl 100 Electron microscopie studie om te on ore of the rulono fattet (lepet 1 J Jap Oba Gya. foch 7 s.

·SUBSTANTIA NIRA LESIONS 307 meat and about the Internal od external when ladans were produced by electrodes medulay lainnse. Most of these Aber Introduced in the later medial arls of the yppear to end to the Deuropil. Quantita rubstantia nigri Concordant destruction tirely nlgrupolkdal Abers are lo monerow of parts of the medial lemntecus caused then gibthalamopaludal iben. abundant degeneration in the ventral por Only a relatively wall number of un tedor latenl and medial mucle regardless questhoed drostdatal fibers mere seen in of the stereotudo approach ured Although this material Vetually all of thete Abert Gleds and Wall (46) concluded that nigral were keen along the medlal margin of the efferent Abera projected to the centromeputamen. This Anding Aubstantiates that dian nudew of the thalamu no preter of previous authod (Randon and Ranson minal degeneration to this pucleus was 42 Kirme, 42 Mettler 43; Rosegay ken in the prerent study It is our opinion 4) who umed the Macht method. It wu that the legioru produced by thone autharu empected that the me of threr impregna were not rufficiently discrete to be reliable the techniques might roreal pigrostatal One of the most Interesting findings in Abers that could not be detected by the this study was the bence of nigral effer March method ind provide confumatory eft fibers pandog to the subthalamio nucykenct constent with that based upon cleus. This patnt was erabilpbed in cares clona following lerge lesions of the in which lesions wero produced by elec- Kulatum (FOTITO 25 28; Blettler 43) trodes Introduced in a coronal plane car Acanadderable number of pseudoderen responding closely to the lateromedial ad Tuted Abens mere seen in rome parts of the of tho rubatentia nigra. Rdattrely few ob- Adatinn. Comparison of these fibers with BLVCO bare cortemented upon Aber con unequivocally degenerated fibers In other pections between these adjacent nudoar parts of the um lection convinced that Mones. Glees and Wall (46) remarked almost all of these fibor in the stdatum that flbert from the pubstanta nigra con Were niemal. This still leaves the loss of verged upon the ventral andace of the rub cells to the pubstanta nigra following thalamic nuclout and that somo fiber statal lezlons uneplatned. terminated in the nucletru. Rovny and Mo Although relatively for pigrostnatal sager (34) descobed lessentially redpro- Ahers were demcastrated in this study connections between for nudel, whilo nigrondatal Albers have been descubed u other author mention only rabthalamon enterhot the stratum via the no-called ul Abers (Woodbure Crosby and McCor corb bundle It b of tnterest in this con tes, 48 White and Mettler 49) nection that Johnson and Clemento (159) Nigrottpmenital fibers have been dofond depenention in the combatem fel cubed by numerous authors (Mlogazzini, bubny lesions of the globus puildus and 1889 Spitzet and Kurus '07 Faix and purtamen. Photographs published by Sabo Niedeaco 25 Ronery and Modnger 34 (82) ruggest that worlandgral fibers may forto the pondpal Abers peping in this Shume 36, Pápes, 42Matler, 43) but ondoo dire concerning the micid of ter Ponadto. Npropallidel abens treverse the mtaation According to Papez (42) cell taternal cappule in a comb-like fashion, dutent in the Compact part of the rub. but do not appear to coordtuto the comb- stantla nigon the rise to well myehated Thalamic deponertoo observed that dhe's courttıkg dorsally and caodaily by the durata tegmentom. There butodler of todation with lestars of the pubstanta no In the study rypeared to be aused bastrite the thedial lemnings and aro deadbed a terminating 10 ithe "teg by concurnitunt Interruption of other Aber mental midler and in the porabigeminal prema ruber the destruction of parts of body "Certain fibers from the thotre part the substanta aer Degeneration Keen in the entral Intezar mucleus of the towamus caudally rentral to the red ruciet prior of tho dlm weres deribed by Ramang u due to tnterruption of pallidotupel 1 bers in the tafeckor thalamic peduncle or in to projecting darnal) Into the teplentum part of the internal aprake. No detenen In embryondo material Shape (38) thon In this part of the thalamus wu reon ticed nign! Aben into the Withi mold brain tegmentum, butwu un child to follow boodle.

·308 MALCO1N). CARPENTER AND ROVERT E MASTERS darbed (Grünsten 11: Wilsom 14: Falx in the pallateral substanta alpra rerutted and Nicolatca, 25. Johnson and Clemente, from lesions of the Addatum and were not *59) Even though Johnson and Clemento related to ablations of carebral cute. Ac (09) reported pallidonigral fibers which cording to Ferrero (28) the diappearance could be traced into the pars rouculara of of cells in the substantia nigra i propar the lateral part of the pubstantia nim tional to the extent of Injury to the Dea this evidence is questionable since the lo Atriatum. Thb quthor reported that ro- Hon Involved medial portion of the puta moval of both the neo and paleontrlatom men In experimentel Rudles by other was followod by almost total dapper authors (Rangon and Ramson 41 42; ince of the substantia nigra. Lo this the Vorbairt '50) no pallidonigral Abent wett curlon Ferret mention mad mucicos found According to Naut and Mchler in the cat located medially better the (81) lelont in the lateral part of the oculorotor nerve and the medal part of globus pallidus produco pome Aber degen the substanta nigra which he refers to a eration in the subutanda more, but they the nucleus Iineads muboculornotorios expreured the opinion thRt such degenen This cell group, conddered as a part of the thon might be due to concomitan valrt subotar nigra, dlatppeared only after the Dont of putaminonigral Aber of pensage. fons involving both the cerebral carter and Descriptions of rubthalamond gral Aber the stratum. The homologue of thb Do have been based upon study of normal cleus apparently bus not been described to (Woodburne Crosby and Mocotter 46) man (Olacws and Baxter 54) and Marchi rained material (Morgan Attempts to trto myeloated Abers from "27b: Whlider and Matter 49 Carpenter the pubetaatia nigre to the stratum lo Wbirther and Mortler 50a) Subthatamont Marchi preparations have been dappalot gral fibers would appear difficult to crab Ing (Ranson und Ranson 42, Ximmel, 19: Llah even though lesion may be limited to Mettler 43 Maregey 41) though reveral the rabthalamio mucleu because imalo observers have let that mamo nigral oder ment of capular Aben produces degenera ent Abert passed to the stratum Them don al corticanigral Abery which tend to Author, bomever were able to demonstrate obscure findinge. Predsecreluation of this nigropatidal Albert According to Rense pathway would seem to require the app! and Renson (49) lectons involving the calon of alver stalning methods. fubatanta ngra in the monkey produced The prindpal njerali diferent fiben do iscending aber degeneration distributed cribed in the literaturo includer (1) pigro Largely to the media segment of the plobus striatal fibor, (2) nlpropellidel Abert (3) pelldur though some aberu pused Into nigrotegmental Albers, and (4) pyrottctal the lateral segment. Kimmel (19) found Abert. Of the nurous nigral efferent Abcts that drepertted Abent from the nigra to nlproxtrlacal ibers sometimes are con the cut enlared the pobu pulldor and the ddered to form the largest group (Crosby entopeduncular muddewNettler (13) Cooand Lauret 89) Theme About and do cluded that the great moafodty of Abeto setbed as axending to the striatum to the from the compact part of the nights are att focaled comb bundo (Edinger 08) that tributed to tho plotis pellido Tbeobar 1., by Interdigitating with Abert in the pe vations of Fox and Schmidt (44) droduncular part of the Intemal capsule Tho nitrated that ledlant involving the slobus mont conclure cykdence of algostelata! pallidu and entopeduncular rockets Aber is based upon retrograde cell changer und disappearance of cells in the polist and cell disappearmace following larpo cere aru substanda nigra bral lesloot Von Monaton (1893) dem The current study confirmat the adsteach onstrated that ferebral lesions including nigropullide Abera Toca bbert Apped portions of the strlatum produced enteretye to adre largely tray the pan contacte cellular degenerations in the Abstantis ascend to the prezoberal region and enter ugra un observation confirmed by otber the globul pallidor by traseining the libero (Hornet di Dermed and Rothman, 25; of the Internal capalle Pithin the stobus Monigan, 99) Ferrero (25 29) and Met tler (48) demonstrated that cel changes buted to the spal part of the pedalet pallidus nigral effcrent Abent are diodd ·HITOTO PAITAN N HALSTIE NOLAUS 335 . uc DE Tund NU 1 TOT 1 DLY T 11 Total counts of actio pued Hatributed in the top of the pedodontal Hyment Amon-wild Weds Tone -- dedi Code posal moet MIXCURSION peabs in the documepical pedodontal Prodferation in relation to periodontal lignment (ie 5) This perulatent concentration of mitotic cells in the spical Agorrent formation and aptop ut during root formation suggest the Extential for an interpretation to the presence bare of a constant strmilns for fandom the recognition of two distort problfcrutkuOn the other hand, to the sebiotik beherior patterns in component of abapical system of the pedodontal ligos the periodaoul Mitroedt ( 6 7 and 8) menh, that is an foregular pattern of mi On me hapd, there be rather consident tods which ruggenta un tatermitted strom pattern of multosts to the apkal area with lus for proliferation. Although the abapical Hi tuba peale trumbeni a ndoacttre system coashtu of the bortzontal portion cells in the palp and a second patr of (H) located ut the crests of the Intermedier

·334
RICHARD LEICH HONTVAN AND ROY JLS CILLITTE
pha
1
LH ROOT
LO ROOT
6 PEAX PDL
co
.
15
DAYS
Fle. 10 Peak counts of radioacthe model in pleal periodontal Liguident rep la dayu
Ph 4
Phg 5
Ph 1.6
HORIZONTAL PDL
DAYS
F11 Total count of rectire racle to the hostromal pedabotul furat Th
arta dan

·ligimont (do 5) This pertstent coon
centration of mitotic cells in the spice
urci during root formation past the
fuodinp be the recogidos a to daudet prollfatlan. On the other hand, the
Prince bore de constant ftulos
moltotic behavior patternus in component of bapkal stem of the periodontal D
On one hand, there is a rather content
the pedodontal ligament (dr. 6 7 and 8) ment, that kun fortfolar pattern
tards which con bottoration
to twin pealam manber of nudloacthst Tacto consists of the bortzontal Trust
pation of maltods in the apical eren with lus for proliferation. Although the urlar
alls to the pulp and a cond pair of (H) located at the CTO of the Inter
UITOTIC PATTERNE LN HANSTER VIOLAU
335
Houthabhi
DAY 1
FE 12 Total count of radioactive anche delated to the moon, the periodoru
bredt. A DODU - ohd black B root - mubaded, C nodegoal
DISCUSSION
Proliferation in relation to periodontol
Ugamont fondaton and cruption
Essential for an tOterpretation to the

·342 ROSE E. HOE the lack of mitores in the cell visualized here Mitotic figures (ig. 4) can be ob plasm, the medulle commonly be a large percentage of cells with abundent ergutoherved elsewhere in areas of active cell plasm (ig. 8) proliferation although the identity of the cells which are dividing is uncertain. Most of these cells are plasma cells (PC figs. 8–10) The pudd are eccentaly Pemotive reticular cells (PR, flg. 5) Located, orald or nther irregular in comwhich may be elther elongated and frregu- figuration, and contain chraunutin which lar or more rounded to configuration, ore 1 often clumped and which is circuit aspecially characterized by a purity of Rulbed by a double nuclear membrane formed elements within the cytoplasm. In with nucleur pores. The cytoplasm reveals addition to wattered 75 A-150 A cyto- ergestoplasm which vades condderably in plasmic particles (probably bonucleopro appearance depending upon the extent to teln) there cells typically reveal only a which membranet of endoplermic reticut few mitochondrle, parallel membranes and hum are separated by contents of the cu pericles. The large ovoid muclei contain ternae. A perles of wages In dilatation of bomogeneous chromatin surrounded by a daternae alsts in figure 84, b c, d, figures doublo nudear membrane with m our 9 and 10 Immediately adjac cells my pores differ widely in this respect. The contents A rounded configuration and an appar of claterdae Unully are at low to moderate ent lack of cytoplasmic differentiation, as density with a flocculent appearance but seto in primitive reticular cells are lea somethoes highly denso Anely gramlar tures also found to lymphocytes. In figure pastoral is famd (ig 11) which may 6 a medtum-sized lymphocyte exhibits cyto- represent Runel bodies (Wellendek, 075 plurm with a diffuso dlatebution of clumps Thiéry '58) Other cytoploumio carapoor roxettes of RNP particles among which nents found in thero cells are ovoddar are scattered a fex orold mitochondrle elongated mitochondda scattered about the with crlstae Borne ergoxoplasmic seca and endoplasmic reticulum, ind perlouceur A few vidcles. The potched nucleus con Galgi areas. talna fine homogeneous chromatin circum Further attention to the Galg areas to scribed by a double nuclear menbrane with dicates that some plami cells baro mult nuclear pores. Small lymphocytes prenent ple stacks of Golgi membranes (arrow, Admilar appearance except that they have fig 10) Aloo paired Galgt membres apa smaller mucleus less cytoplasm, and a peer to form tubes or flattened Act which reduced concentration of particles within ure oriented in several directions in some the cytoplasın. cello (ilg. 12 13) These Golgi mem Somo free cells which are sporadically tranes crcumxebe material with wido obuerved and aro dimicult to identity re- Vedelai Or nange of dermalty (g. 12) real cytoplasm which contains short tubu granules of different atzen und dendes les of endoplaanic reticulum a moderate also edgt fede God areas ( Agr. 12- mumber of vedcles and diffure distubur 14) The content of these yeniles and don of ANP pertda (fig. 7) From the granulos bear a close resemblance to muteappearance of the cytoplarm, these celle del documscrlbed by nearby Gold memseem to be propisanocytes (Beats and lines (Agr. 12, 13) Thiéry '61) ar trmature secretary cella Other cells to the medulla are reticulur reprerenting an early stage in the differ cells which are formd to grande of the entlatton af plasma cells. Even though the reticulum courdog through the parent orod Oudeus ruggests that els such us choma Of perticular interest to the apthe one to figure 7 are almilar to admitive peinence of the cytoplasma in there celle reticular cells, the cell also resembles the Sonde reticular cells (labeled PR fig. 8 lymphocyte cell line. 16 17) contain spane erganoplas De Medalla Lle the cortex, the tuner IT other cells (labeled RC 10 i 8 15) conglon or medulle of the parenchyma com , tabu abundant erfastoplam turresting? dats of cells very tightly packed together secretory role. Indeed the cytoplaun of In moked contrast to the cartes, which sante reticulur cells itterables the cytoconsists matnly of cells with little ergasta ples of plasmu cells. One cannot always ·terles of amalker watellite yeside () which plex Inclusion: And also throughout the contato clumped matedal of high dendty cytoplasm of the plugosyte IC MIDATO the phipocyte in figure 18 ure soume orold diameter and return which not only Other components of the cytoplason of or old bodies about 0.2-06 in Lasert bodia Around each orold body are cumpa of material (x) which them the tbe coo dhon na about deciding sbether a disco small denne pericles (P) within the com tents of the gold bodia Arun there are plex includon, there particles and froca DO .-80. In the still notha timuple PALCYCHTA OT LUIDH NODES 343 be certain about the identity of a given cell phagocyte ab extricytoplastnk und with prominent ergestoplasm va reticular merely indent the croplane of the plura cell or parmi cell Blost cells which dt cyte. Two abreirations may uld to the do rectly adjoin the extracellolar cord of the cidon. First, there is often only a dnglo reticulun tre reticular cells, but this cdtes plami membrane (cm) wepenting the lao does not man bold becaur plasma cytoplam of the ingested cell (IC, fig. 19) celu mfrequently contact the extracelular from the cytoplasm of the phagocyte (PD) core through separations between reticulo rather than two panlld plasma mem. cells (ETOTT fig 17) Therefore, in SONDO brunes us in the cx of two cell lying dide Instance Idendiation of certain cells u by dde. (Compare two entrcled resta reticular cells or plasma cells may rext f 19 ) Second, the ingested call usually upon the configuration of the plasma mert dillers from the appearance accepted us brune cod nucleu recognting that inter noemul for that type of cel purpenting a mediate formas between there cols appear state of degeneration. For example, this Phagocytes Reticular cells which are ure 19 the plasma membrade (cm) of the phagocytic occur ta both the cortex (PL, ingeated cell may be disrupted (CTO) fig 2) and medulla (Pd Ag 9) The cyto Also the cytoplasm of the Ingerted cell plasmdc appearance of phagocytes is ex looks disorganized Discrete cytoplasmale ceedingly rudable, depending upon the components re no longer readily Hentmaterial ingested. fied Lobes of the modems of the Ingested Phagocytes with tn pested red blood cells cell (Npe) u disceradle, but thet mer present a very complas wory of cytoplar gloo are racred and foyed. mic inclusions (Ag. 18) Ingested red cele Other phagocytic material abo occun m becomo tiregular in configuration and are the cytoplasm of reticular cells. Allace darupted, with reddes (v) appeadng to laneous reddles which are thought to be alde the red cell remnants (RBC) These digestire redcter or recuotes mre fre vesicles contain homogeneoua mitedal of quenty observed In Agure 20 b a rende Low deredty with ren of mall (5. 11x17un dro with a double membrane 100 A) black particles at the periphery of (arrom) surrounding dense flocculent each veddo. * Adjacent to ingested red material. Near this verse is a smaller vel blood cell remnants art dumps of comme die () of Snely grantlar derote material moderately dente matendal (x) and parallel sucrounded by a dople maembromo. In ada row of propular membranes (pm) Sur thon a muldtudo of tiny redde is maat roundtag the afpregation of red blood cell tered diffusely through the cytoplasm of the remnants, dumped particles and parallel Amo cells. Another type of unidentified membranes La Umidng membrane (ar material Abown in ffure 21 This materow) which forms a very large reside Hal consists of several complex mclusions separating the pha pocytized material from which contato very dense Oradd bodies the remainder of the cytoplasm of the LOB founded by botines at det pharocyte. Near this large reddle is a Interspersed with i Rubstance of low dendy fuero features are exemplified in the lepend accompanying figure 18 mitochondria, scattered eTrastoplasmic no and dumps of Palades particles Phagocytes also ingest other cells much Inloophocytes para cells and polymor pbonuclear neutrophia (A quer all Rich u a polymorpbonuclear neutro phile is actually within the cytoplasm of 1 erate density Scattered within these com 30-60 A black partida. Further mustand- Beation of one of them coraples Indo dans (g. 22) reveals group of detine cround the percebery of this clusion but also pastes betree the orold ·342 HOME L. LOL the lack of mitoses in the cells visualized plerm, the medulla commonly has a large here. Mitotic figures (fig. 4) can be ob percentage of cells with abundant ergasto servod elsewhere in urees of active cell plusta (Ag. B) prollfcradon, although the identity of the cells which are dividing is uncertain. Most of these cells are plant cells (PC, fig. 8-10) The podid ere ecoentrically Primitive reticular cells (PR, fig. 5) located ovald or rather Irregular in con. which may be elther elongated and bregu figuration and contato chromadn which lar or more rounded in configuration, ure is often clumped and which is draumespecially characterzed by i paudty of pcrlbed by i double nuclear embrane farmed elements within the cytoplasm. In th nuclear pares. The cytoplasm treala addition to wcattered 75 A-150 X cyto- ergastoplasm which vades condderably to plasmic particles (probahly ribonucleopro appearence depending upon the extent to tein) these cells typically reveal only . which membranes of endoplasmolo retten few mitochondda, parallel membrana and lum are separated by contents of the de vesicles The large ovold nude contain ternae. A perles of stage in dlatation of homogeneous chromatin surrounded by a cisternae endste in iguro la b c, d, Agures double ducor Demobrane with pudlee 9 and 10 fmmedlately adjacept cel may pores. differ widely In this respect. The contents A rounded configuration and on appar of cisternac urually are of low to modanate ent lack of cytoplasmic differentiation, as dendty with a flocculent appearance, but seen in primitive reticular cells are for sometimes highly dense finely graonlar tures also found in lympbocytes. In figure matedu is found (Ag 11) which may 6 a medium-sized lymphocyte exhibits cyto represent Runell bodies (Wallenstek, '67; plusm with a diffuse distrlbution of clumps Thiéry 68) Other cytoplasmic compo Or Torettes of ANP particles among which Dents found in these cells are ovołd or are scattered I few Ovald mitochondda elongated mitochondda scattered about the with crestre, rame ergestoplasmic mcs and endoplamdc reticulum and perlouceur fer verddct. The notched mudeus con Golgt areas. talns Ape homogeneous chromatin circum Futher attention to the Gall are o scribed by a double nuclear membrano with dicates that some plaang cells baro praldpores. Small lymphocytes present pde stacks of Golgt membruner (arrom *smilar appearance except that they have Ag 10) Also patred Golgl membruden op a maler nudeu le cytoplasm and a peer to form tubas or flattened na which reduced conceutration of particles within Are oriented in keteral directions to face the cytoplasma. cells (fig. 12, 13) These Gold mem- Some free cells which are sporadically brunes circumicidbe material with a wide observed and are difficult to identity re range of dematty (Dg 12) Yeddlu or veal cytoples which contains shart tubu gremules of different dres und denettes les of endopleonic reticulum, a moderate also odst tasde Gold Areas (Agu 12– mumbar of yeace and a diffuse distdbo 14) The contents of these reddet and Hon of RNP particles (Ag. 7) From the granules beer a close resemblance to matoappearance of the cytoplam these cells Hal circumscribed by nearby Gold mem seem to be proplasmacytes (Beside and bruDA (Agh 12, 13) Thitry '81) or fremature secretory cells Other cells in the medulla are reticular repretending an early stage in the differ cells which are found to grund of the entation of plasma celle Even though the reticulum curdog through the parenadd nudeus suggests that cells such as chyme. Of particular interest is the apthe one to figure 7 are dmllar to primitiro pearance of the cytoplasma lo there cells reticular cells, this cell elso crembles the Sande reticular cells (labeled PR in filps 8 lympbocyte cell line. 16 17) contato sparke atgigoplaan, while Niedulla Like the cortar the inner ro other cells (labeled RC in igs. 8 15) condon or medule of the parenchyma com wain abundant ergastoplum, morgesdos! dets of cells very tightly packed together secretory role Indeed, the cytoplum of In marked contra to the cartes which some reticular cells rerembles the cyto consists mainly of cells with litue ergasto- plasm of plusa cella. One cannot always ·PANINCHILA OF LYAP MODES 343 be cetten about the idendty of a given cell phagocyte 1 extracytoplasmic und with prominent erguustoplem as I reticular merely Indent the cytoplasm of the phago cell a plume cell blott cells which df yte Two obrersations may uld in the derectly adjala the extracellular care of the chaton. First, there is often only A angle reticulous are reticular cella bat this writer pluma membrane (CTO) keperating the lap does not always hold because plesne cytoplasm of the fingested cell (IC A 19) cella frequently contact the cxtrcellular from the cytoplawn of the phagocyto (Ph) core through partans between reticular rather than to panid plauma mer cols (atro . 17) Therefon, to passo brunat u in the case of two cell lytag dde Instucu Identinca don ot certain cells u by side. (Compare two cocrcted arens fa rettwar cells ar plauna cells maty Test fg. 10) Second the Ingested cell usually upon the configuration of the plasma meme- Hfent from the appearinco accepted as brane md puclew recognizing that inter pomal for that type of cell, fuppeting a mediate farme between there cells appar state of degeneration For example in Ag Phagocytr. Reticular cells which are are 10 the plasma membuano (cm) of the planocytic occur to both the carter (Ph ingered cell may be dropted (AITOM) #2) ind pedulla (Ph Ag 9) The cyta Also the cytoplasm of the ingested cell plasmade appearutice of phagocytes is a looks discoganteed. Dlucreto cytoplasmic ceedingly radable, depending upon the components are no longer readily identi. material infested Alcd. Lobes of the nucleus of the ingested Phupocyten with ingested red blood cells cell (Npo) are decernible but thetr mar Present a very complet utey of cytoplas pilns are nageed und troyed. pdc tacludons (DE 18) Inrested red cells Other phagocytic material abo occurs beconde irregular in configuration und me the cytopless of reticular cell. Mircet. drupted, with reakciet (v) appending - Imeous resicle, which are thought to be Aldo the red cell tornants (RBC) These digestive realcles OT vicol, are fre- Tercle contain barpo genew material of qucntly observed in figure 20 1. velde Lom den day with a water of mall (50 iux17 atas sus with i double mentrare 100 A) black particles at the peadphery of (PTO) Burrounding denn Bocculent each resicle. Adjacent to lagested red material. Near this realde de a waller read blood cel remnants are dumps of coarte cle (v) of finely pranular derse you terlal boderately dens routerial (x) mod parallel #rounded by a polo menbrade. In addrow of troular membrudet (pm) Sur Hon, muutudo al tay venider # sou rounding the arrepution of red blood cell tered durumly through the cytoplasm of the remenus dumped perticles and parallel ame cells. Another type of unidentsed membrpa bilming membrie (u matedal is how to gure 91 This materom) which forma rery large reside dal condstos of coveral complex Indudong separating the phapocytized matada frora which contato try dense oreld bodies the retainder of the cytopleson of the (OB) Surrounded by a Rubstance of mod phagocyte Near this large seado la erato denty Sorttered within these com kerten of mullor satellite resiche (1) which plex Indudons and also throughout the contain cluroped material of high density cytoplast of the phagocyte te dumerous Interpersed mith fubstance at low den 30 A-60 A black partides Further mapa dir These features are exemplified in the Acation of one of these complex Inclu Legend accompanytor Aguro 18. dons (0, 2) teals a group of deze Other components of the cytoplaten of orodd bodies about 02-06 # ta larrest the phagocyte to B gure 18 aro sono orod diameter and membrane which not only mitochondria scattered ergotoplasmic counes around the peophery of this Lo pa, and clumps of Palade o particles dudon but also pastes between the orold Phuocytes also inpest other cells such bodies. Aroumd esch Orodd body tre damps us lyraphocyten, plasma cells and polymor of material (x) whch resemble the con pbordear peutrophiles (AL 19) A quer tent of the orold bodies. Agalo there are Hon erics about deciding whether giren small dense pericles (p) coon cell fuck u pa morphoruckere Deutro plex inclusion; these phike is actually within the cytoplasm of a 60 -60 In sitze ·344 LDU E HOL of unidentified materal observed in reticu krved with the electron microscope can bo lar cells are myeloid figure formed by clawdiled to nich a way that it seems ret pall whorls of membranes (figl 22, 23) Bonable to postulate three trandtanal path. The myelold Agure shown in figure 23 is way or patterns of cell differentiation in 0.5 X 0.22 u in izo, uod ach membrane lymph nodes, beginning at the level of is about 30 thick poimittro reticular cell Under this concept, primithro reticular DISCUSSION cells should represent multipotent meten Electron microscopic appearances of lym chymal or crabryonal cells. Their chief phocytes and plasma cell have been shown cytoplasmic characteristic is a diffure ar in other publications (Besals 68, Wellen my of tiny particles, which are thought to Klek "57 Amado "58a, Love and Freeman be obosomes in conjunction with paucity '58 Thiéry 9 and other worker cited of other cytoplavnic includans. below) Previous descriptions are cont Large lymphocytes or lymphoblasts could firmed in most respects by this rudy cvalve from midye reticular cells by one Further attention to posable pathways pattern of differentiation in which the of cellular differentiation in lymph noder is primitive reticular cells become rounded Wuranted in very of recent electron mi and larger with an increase in the concert croecopic evidence. Most electron micros traton of Alborome. Further evolution to copists who bave published on this subject tmell lymphocytu would then include a agree that lymphocyta plasma cells and reduction to ralumo of the muchew and macrophages stem from undifferondated cytoplasm and a reduction in the concen cells which contain few forned cytoplar tration of boomer. Correspondtudy Itt mio Inclusdons. tle change in the actual electron micro- According to Amado (582, b) and co Acoplc appearance of the cytoplasm I seen worken, lymphocytes stem from young In this pattern reticular cells or Tymphade reticular cells By I recand pattern of differendadan through trundtland stages alled Typha [rom prima dve reticular cells many redu gonia, while plasma cell adse from ad Iar cells reveal moro abundant ergastoventual cells (not reticular cells) around plasm, more prominent Golgl areas and a blood veselu Braunsteiner and Pakeach moderito increase in the minber of mito- ("65) believe that plasma cells stem from chondda Some reticular cells which ac- CITs resembling undifferentiated lymph- cumulate ergestoplam are belleved to be old reticular cells. freed from the reticulum, becoming plasma Bernhard pod Grunbonlan ('89) und cells which roduce antibodies or gamtoa Granboulan ("80) hold thet lymphocyta globulins (Reta et al., 50 Cooms et al. and planna col both orginate from free 65 Ortega und Mellon, '37 Coon 39 reticular cell,. Again, lymphocytes plaani ud other) and possibly mucoprotein und Walto 54 cells, and also macrophages are vald to glycoproteins (Pearse, 49 dre tram paraltro cells temembung large Zlothick a a. 9) Other reticular cells lymphocytes of Maxmor (Sorenson, '80) rich in ergastoplanan remain fixed u part and froon non-citarendated reticular cells of the reticulum and produce a valety of (Han '81) tubstances as yet unidentified. Such retket Also lymphocytopoleds to lymphocpithe lur cells are the most logical source of some Mul failiclas of the burta of Fabulous hus protetors and polaccbaddes which appeur been xudied with the dectron microscopo in the extracellular component of the rette by Ackerman (82) His Interpretatlan mu tlum (reticulur intentium bloc 63) that lymphocytes hare 1 dual origin - That is to Ay some cells of the reticuluma from endodermal epithelial cells and from which are rich in crgadoplaon probably mernchymal cells produco collagen precursors (Ilan, 51) It is recogntred that one cannot be cer mucopoly acchaddies which are found with taid of developmental pathways in cell collagen (Engstrom usd Finean, 38) ind lines when a technique of comparlog estic glycoproteins. In agreement with plan cytologic lipages is employed. Yet varla (61) these reticular cells bar a dore reebence to Abroblasts in which abundant trons in cytoplasmic appearance as ob ·reticular cells are blanthal und lyhlte (30) cytic pathway while training find some ctu (62) Mery strong depee that intibody formation. A modd of plana cel formation la medullary cards of marta roder was proposed by Lekond mod PALINCHI OT LIHPH NODIS 345 Wedenreich (12) on beteroplastic formagroparm i wodited with the pro duction of collagenous Alapft (Ron and than o hraphocytes from reticular cello, Benditt, B1) an idea which was mentioned either by By a third pattern of differentiation from Billroth (1858) and other, Madmow (32) pistoltire reticular celle, e transition to reported that large lymphocyter can do pbapocytic reticular celle 4 paggested. In velop from undhilferentiated redicular celle the cytoplum me sees meered redaus although he held that most kergely updo Hom want to moderate ergutoplam add cytes are formed from medium-dred fyrr 0.0 Increured number of mitochondria phocytes Lebland and Sainte-Maro (80) described a model of cell formation in the While the principal feature of these cells condes af miscellaneous cytoplesmack vest thymus based on counts of resting and des and digestire nacula, the presence dividing cells in this model, reticular cello a modantely abundant ergastoplasm to RTO & pource of large lymphocytes, which putne of these cells might reflect the pato later become smaller and market lympho duction of entyment requtred for digestive cylar Letlands model of lymphocyte for mation in the thymo Wu Rupported for procena, a this erpustoplasm could todi ate that reticular cells which are pbago lymph Dodes by Everett et al. (80) with cytk mlebt also bero sentory capabilitiea. data obtained by labeung calls with totul The above three patterns of differenta ated thymidine. Other Investigatoas ao ton ate da premned in figure 1 In the accept the concept that lymphocyter stem figt pattern, petitive reticular cells reem fron reticular cells in hymph nodes (Soudto remain relatively undifferentiated in be berg. 47 "55 Rebuck at A58) ind in coming laro lymphocyten. In the second the spleen (Campbell and Good, 50) Trowell (38) holds the lymphocytes arse pottem, palmitive relular.cello appear to become secretary cells which evolve into troom parocytho reticular cells, which are plume cell or which remain u reticular not the name u portunittre reticular cell.. cell. In the third pattern, promittre retica This present study also proporto the lär cell become phe pocytk. The tech Ught microscople studies of Foreus (48) niques med here predude i definitive statoon the formation of plaong cells from cells month to the direction in which a of the reticuloendothenal sykten. kequence of cytologic differentiation prostated that plasma cethe develop froin retic ceeds or whether dedifferentiation occurs uloendothelial cells during the course of or whether orde features of cellular differ process in which cells belonging to the entation are roverble, Cytologic obuery reticulocndothelial item forum mtibodia tlong la the three pattans of differentia The obervations of Kalooch et al (47) led tan reported bere CTD to be in general to de condon Agreement with the description reported Enrich et al. (49) there is little doubt by most of the clectron microscopists men that undertadated the entryonal cell toned above. Even though the stem cell atve rise to immature plasma cella ut may not have been labeled identically in propery imated Aradong other workery those publications, the sallent chancter faxorlog en adeln of plasma cele trots 1tos of the rem cells we quite similar On the beds of crédence from this present and Moechlin et al. (151) gudy the stem cells a primitivo reticular Yet there k i Abatantial body of infor cells are believed other to become tree of mathan obtained by verton Webt micro the reticulum and then to differentiate into scope techniques which indtaste a lycople lymphocytes or planta cells or to remain apuc olginc plus cells (Bloom Axed in the reticulum u resung cells, of Fichtelhas BO d the latter cells would then be freted at mall lymphocytes can fralre into Larse a later Hame of differeodation to appear 11 pyrominophetic celle during the course the platma cells or u treo phagocyta. This study wpports Fork with the light microscope by Reed (02) and Dorney and She According to Holub und Rina 60

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·The Accessory Nerve and its Relation to the Upper Spinal Nerves' ANTHONY L PEARSON RONALD Y BAUTZR UD GERALD . HARAN Dypotent of Anton Day of Oropa Modall Loko, Portland, OTT por This Is One of a redes of paper on the hypoglossal nerve on cach dde and the con- Ptructuro and development of the cranial Jatned bundas passed through the hypomod spinal nerven. There observations were plocal canal. This ganglion Hes ventral made a kdal sections of human enter you to the trunk of the spinal accomory perte und fetuses cut to different plana and and is located just darnal to the hypoglosal statned with vadou neurological methods canal. It moro closely resembla dontal There includo the protargol method of root googliono i typ cel ptral nerve than Bodian (38) and the dlver gelatin method It does the accury gingila along tho of Pestkom ind o Natl (46) trunk of the accessory perve. This is the The human embryos and fetuses med to only human embryo in our collection and thuta mtudy are in the collection in the De in those which wo studied at the Carnegie partment of Anatory of the University of Institution which powered ganglion of Oropon Medical School and the Department this type comected to the hypoglousal of Embryology of the Carnegie Institution Dav. of Washington at Baltimore. Our studios The fint cervical pero were studied on at the Camegle Institution were through both ndes in 25 human ambayor and the courtery of the Dtrector DI J D Ebert, fetundi making a total of 50 Arst cervical and Dr Mary E. Rawles, and Dr Elizabeth nara. The presence or abronco d donal Ramay root ganglia were noted. When a ganglion In accordance with the Nortna Ana mi prerent it was recorded es being mall, tomica u Torised by the Sotenth Inter medium dzed a large. Thero ranglia national Congress of Anatomists of 1963 menged to atze from a small cluster of calls the terms nervus accomodu (accessory to a mass Approxtrosttag the, uze of the Derre) and musculus Burnocleidomus todeus (sternocleldomustad muscle) will darnal root ophef the second cervical Dorve. The former dto clared as a be med Flowe 3 1 reproduction of 1 while te laten vere con la ed to be large ure 7 from Pearton, Seuter md Bar (183) Wher the fogla pared to be about out-ball to my third of the patio of the OBSERVATIONS Tbila study pomadly concerned with were plassemited Cluster the course of the uccetary nerve and its of sing for what? affrst, cervical relation to the upper cervical nerves. Since itriyunu in the grou the bypoplosul nerve in mammals repte durantch Hobably not bc rent phylogenetkeally a fudom of speel het xmination of the most rostral spinal Derve in low boots balls boru Cound in fou conderwion of this persone magnet aldog the also be included A tal, geodh shaped punglon (if and white come Those, lo ww famd in relation to the hypoder tn milet out the DETTE a cach dde of 147 mm human (no. 101) The peupheral root thos ganglion Joined the candal roots act lo T2 1 pte 19 ملطIn tror kan Dette V00116 1 Lu ·374 ANTLIONY A PZAUSON TONALD W LAOTLE AND GERALD .. ADUN rect cop post mol of min SP cord trapez sanitp. сар $p XI Ur googllon ObL cop SUR splen cap + OAL orch 1st cork vart odontoid process Fle 3 A cod poulte drawing of crou rections of the spinal cord of 10 mm hon (Do. 07) at the loval of the Art crical Der A typical oute dorul root roogtion to promot both de silda 12-24 Bodian method x 20. 2 shaped max (ig. 4) There ind other of dorsal roots contend from the data Aro Summarted in the table in ganglia and enter the medula figure 5 The spinal trunk of the accetory Accessory ganglla aro percoont along the and the moro caudal acceptory ganglia course of the acccnory DCTVO on it passes often in close relation to the dortal cephalad through the upper part of the and ganglla of the upper cervical vertebral condi and the cranlal cavity to (we tablo Ag 8) In 11 axes the ward tho Jugular foramen (op 6 and 7) Lccesory Derve run through the The gangua extand caudally along the ac of CI in three casts the accessory cerror, ndrro into the levels of the upper gua of the T u crandal netto fused cervical metres) In xornd crabryoy these the conclla the first cervical perrt. ganglla where present dosen tho three case Ho central process of Lovels of the porsal roots of dorsal of C 1 mingled w cervical mert alaturi ganglion the Abent of the aborn in the cound of the berie. In 18 tho acessory nervo of a 34 the of the dorual baby (Ag. Ba) A large C1 and run the Is often present at the 1"- of the ve in kr the cervical Derma (Ag 6) cold cd mello cxtcod along tit SOTT to bocomc continuous (Jugular) googlion of Rootlets resembllag 1 } trunk not i root ·ACARISOT MYL 375 drc.N1 - Sp XI LOC. gang OCC gong ond sp XI Sp XI gong CN1 gong CN 2 yert art 1st cery vert 2nd cery vert TE 4 Oblique rection through the per ad of the qual cord of Hon bumen mley (00 340). The debt dide of the redom w Hide Hieber than the bath. The thom va bu noa and outer Mert which are fund. The teal the metan at themel of the econd carrieal ptin. Side 10-1 Bodien method XL In an embryo (no. 65) where the donal lower end of the modulla to a 34 day old root geglie oci were absent bilaterally baby lupe bundle was observed catering Abers from the accessory panglia al the tho Latenl wall (fy 14) This bundle spinal trunk of XI ran caudally to join the swept Dedually just veatral to the pubrentral roots of the Arct cervlaal nerve Kantia gelatinona md then dorsally into und to course peripherally with these filbens the posterior, funkculus where it Jalped the (Ag 9) In 15 cases the Art cervical Albers of fasciculus cuncatus. This bundle DCTTe were distinct and separate from the to thought to boa component of the accet accetry DETTO with no totermatogling of Sony DCTVO or an aberrant, bundle of the Aber ( 10 right side) daval root of the first servical nerve which Sections of young human embryon (ig ha iscended with thoughtsory perre to 2 and 11) show the course of the rooilets enter the upper cod of the spinal cord. of the accessory gaoglla u they enter the This brinda an erred to be cord ascended caudal end of the Dedulla oblongata. about 1.5 mm. No bodo of this type Sarde of these Abens could be traced dit were observed on the otbet ude. rectly into the caudal end of the fu deals The cells of the spipal Aucleus of the policarius in older emborot und fetures accessory nerte fare typical motor neurons stmílar Aber bundici could be traced toto und Ore located in the upper floor X KR the fasciculus solltolus and further da ment of the spinal cord. In the uppet Lally into the posterior funiculus (ipo 12 certical levels le at levels above the und 13) brachial ploat this muclours is located the In crom rectlons of the upper cod of the the latequl part of the Teatral bord (ip. spinal cord deur tu function with the 12. 13 -18) From there xwrons fiber ·374 ANTHONY A. PEARSON TONALD W SAUTE AND GEALD L. HII rect cop post moj ot miny IP cord trapez Strip сор $PXI y vec U googlion obL cop sop splen cop got arcb Ist cory yort odootöid process Flc 3 A com podta drawing of crons nctions of the spinal cord of on hom roboyo (no. 67) at the Lord of the Art cervical DETE. A typical outer dorsal root rogloo prenoto both dda. Shu 2-4, Bodtan ethod X 10 shaped mus (Alg. 4) These and other of dorsal roots arterid from the accessory data tre armuized in the table to panglla and enter the medulla figuro 5 The spinal trunk a tho la "y perve Accessory ganglia ao present along the and the more caudal accesory fangula are Course of the accentary Derve u It pieces often in done relation to the dartal root cephalud through the upper part of the and gingila of the upper cervical Derves vertebral canal and the cranial cavity to (see table fig 5) La 11 cases the spinal ward the jugular foruden (Alg 6 and 7) accessory nervo ran through the progliop The gingila extend caudally along the sc of Ci lo three cases the accessory pan cessory Derre into the levels of the upper gilla of tho X7th crumlal perro fused w curvial berrel In soute embryos there the ganglia of the fret cervical perrt. pangila wira martesent down through the thret cases the central procese of tbx Levels of the Lorral roots of the upper darul root ganglion of C i moped wild cervical qerye Mature ganglion cells are ar appeared to foin the fibers of the spina shown in the course of the sploai trunk off trunk of the accessory perve. In 16. Cost the scoossary perve of 34 day old human the central processes of the dorsal roots o baby (g. 8A) A large accessory ganglion C 1 entered Accessory guglia on the trun is often present at the level of tbt fint of the accessory nerve. Io some the dors cervical Derio (fig. 6) Rosttally these roof Aber of C i could be traced rostroll Fogh extend along the accessory nerve along the counk of the accessory rert to become comow with the perdez (he 7 ) In other the dorul root fbcy (Jugular) googlion of the nagu perte were lost among the cells of the neceTROT Roodets resembling the central procettei ganglia (fig. 6 od 7) 1 ·375 ACCESORY MOVE d. CCN1 - Sp XI acc. gong OCC. gong and sp XI 5D XI gang NI gang CN 2 yert art list. cery vert 2nd cery vert TL 4 Oboe metion through the upper mod of the para corda 24 mm ummm bro (Do M8) The right dded the reciten us Ltda hich the latt. The po che da bas na md outer part which in turet The Left side of the pictun to at the real of the wood cara dem. Oda 10-1, bodian orthod X 21. In no cobryo (no. 65) where the darnal lower end of the modulla a 34 day old Toot rugla of ci vero absent bilaterally baby a large bundle was observed entering Abens fruto the accessory ganglls of the the lateral wall f. 14) Thl, bundo spraal trunk of XI ran caodhlly to Jato the wept medially fit sentral to the mubsentru root of the Art certaal Deres Stantle teadnost and then donally into od to coure peripherally with these tben the posterior, funiculus where it loined the (169) In 15 caves the first carlal fibers of Isrciculus cuneatus. The bundle nerves were distinct and separute from the Is thought to be a component of the accet LCCT Terte with no intermingling of Dory Derto Or an aberanl'bundle of the Abers (Ap 10 Hght Alde) dontal root of the Arct corridal Dente which Sections of young bumu embryos (op. bus woorded with the cory Dere to 2 and 11) how the course of the rootlets ema the upper cod of the spinal cand. of the commoy panglis as they ento the This bundle on esichts de cord exceeded crudal end of the medulla oblodz. about 15 mm. No bolos of this type Sotac of these Abent could be traced the wert obsetred on the othet side. rectly into the chodil end of the fascicolo The cells of the final pacleus of the solltarlus. In older embryos and fetuses occoy Derreure typical molpr neurons dollar Aber bundles could be traced bato indire located to the upper ire or deeg the fascicos molharms and further dor me of the pinal cord. La the uppet sally fato the posterior funiculus (ort. 12 vertical Lerelt le a levels about the and 13) brachial plexus, this melou is located in La cross sections of the upper end at the the lateral part of the rentral horn (op. Ipinal cord near to function with the 12, 13, 15) From there Deurtos Aben ·406 DOUGLAS R. ANDI. SON articular purtace bad nono. The uppermodt portions of the oppbyrd of the intant nt cells in the zone of proliferation in the (fg 8) epdphgoal plato contained deady outlined Well within the outer zone of the opfphpatches of glycogon but the deeper cells yraal center of onlfication of the 40-gro bad dane. Some of the hypertrophted und reta, the cells were large and ether Angle degenerated cells of the optphymeal plate or tranged in frogaow coupleto end stofned diffusely for elycogen where tapleta. There were two main type of others did not stain at all. cells in this zone. Glycogen almost alled Electron micTORCOPT the cytoples of the commanor type of cell (ig. 10) in which it occupled a moro ar Articular cartilage In both yes of matt, less central zone almost free of cytoplasnic the cells of the articular cartilago (ilge 7 argenelas other than 1pld recuoles. The and 8) were round or allghtly flattened ergegoplam and other orginales freno with their longitudinal axe parallel to the confined to a thin rim just beneath the surface Short projections extended from plasma membrane and often at one side of the foregular surface of the cell into the the cell forbed a bulgo a peninsula ox matdı. Erga doplasto wus extendre end tendtag Into the palo flocculent glycogen. carstated of occasionally diftated cisterno In some cells the nucleus wu at the tp af paralel to the nuclear Autece. Mitochon the peninsula or parhaps within it; but in dds were small and Deerdy round. Some others due to the plane ol vectlon It seemed cells had small patches of pale homogene to be isolated deep within the glycogen. ous material corresponding to tho snall Only rarely (ilg. 11) Toto orgureles dio flects of PAS-podtiro material son in tho tobuted throughout the glycogen The Hght microscope. Raro amall Updd vacu eta gutoplaun was extendre and prominent oles were present The Golgi apparatus because of the sharp contrast between the condisted of flattened realcla (Age 7 and dense intridaternal substance md pale 8) The many of the articular cartage ground substance. Bfitochondria were for appeared to be identical to that of hyallao and mall us to other chondrocytes Small tracheal cartillage Areas of pale mad, fregular ahrunken Upid ncuola wete the articular cartillage of the tnfant (15 feattered within tho glycogen. Nurcle were m) rate, however were larger and more bizarrely aheped with depto chromatin. sommon than in either the urticular art An eccentrically located round nucleolus lage of the 40-pun nb or in tracheal car Was wal suggesting that its true abape in three-dimension was that of a cylin. Eptphyseal center of ossification. In the drold. 15-em rits the central partion of the In addition to the type of cell just de epiphyals destined to become the epiphy hilbed, there were a few stringly differ ce center of sticados, mu occupled by got cells (igs. 11 and 12) These cells cella distinctly different from those of the where slectron denne a combined effect da articular cartilage. The ergastoplaan was dense cytoplasmıle ground substance and more extenstre and more dilated. The so closely packed orraztoplasm formed of truerpustoplownic tubetance often redde od short doublo-menbruded denso while the cytoplaanic ground mub trendy rather than tho Large cisterdae of Atanco between the closely packed cister other choodrocyta. Palo zopes of duco noe wu pale. In addition, area of pale ged good out sharply often in close as homogeneous material (drogen) were sociation with moderate szed Upld vac consistently pretent The epdphyseal vales. These cells typically were palced center of orification ny more definite ut with a cell of the previously described more 40 gm but full completely cartilaginout compon type to an isogenous couplet. The Thore thus an ma a tunton between metzt was for the most part denileal with the articular cartilage ind the outer zone other curtlagloow much except in th of the cpiphyreal center of ossification are beticen cells of treenity dle de and in this area the cells were indistha couplet (c. 11) or more rarely surround gulshable from those occupytag the centrul ing en isolated cell. In there region the WAS ·ULTILASTRUCTURE OF LAT CALLAGES 407 maldi wu palo seamlody because of a cfied comes separated from the pale Inter reladre pandty of Abrils cellular spaces by an even run of uncald- The cells in the Inner Loto of the epiph fied dark matdx (fig 15) real center of cortication in 40 g Zone of proferation. The cells of this nts were represented by rennant of de zone were electron dense with TuneTOUS penerited cells withta large lacuneo that splay procente (fig. 18) Thetr cytoplasm trere separated by narrow bands of matstr. Wus composed of dovely packed ergurto The cells or cell remnant, could be ploom represented elther by long imayı grouped into three typen. Tbe most com parallel to the longitudinal ads of the cell mon type of cell (fig. 13) occurred in al (Ag. 10) or less often by Adall round und most all parts of the opplyteal center of onalac (is 20) Small distinctirt yac ausilicedon. It bad, bizarro nuclem which wales with a moderately donne center rur ww intact even though the rest of the cell rounded by a pale om mo la trachcal and wus disrupted. Its chromatin wu erenly epiphyseal cartilage were numerous in dene. The poorly preserved argustoples there chondrocytes (Ag 18). There usually mlc cistern20 tppeared u disperred rete concentrated centrally at one end of rundt of double membranen. The planna the cocentro dem outline of the memurune u discontinuous bat it and mocleus us indistinct and dinicult to Iden ito plny projection were radily Identified. thly with certainty Cytoplamtc ground subetanco varied from As correlated with the periodic acid i pale amorphous material to an ippar Schli reaction, the cells nearest the epiph ently empty space. It wus the emptiness of yds had patches of plycogen (og 20) the cytoplasm and the discontinuity of the Lid vacuales were raro but when present cell membrano which gave the appearance in there fuperficial cells vrete close to the of disruption glycogen (fig. 20) In thone portions which border on the The matdx immedlately surrounding outer part of the inner some were cells (AE. cach cell in the zone of prollferation was 14) whose cytoplam wu made up almout pale with few fibrills and resembled the crittrely of dycogen throughout which Light matde of the outer tone of the epłptthere were round united apparently compty greal center of laattoo TITO cells pacer. There cella correspond lo distillat might be within we crea of pale matrix don to the foamy zlycopen-led cells xen and occadonally thin splny processes In the light microscope. Their brarte nu formed cytoplasmic bodge between them. cld were amlar to those of other chondro The remainder of tho matrix had more A cytos in the toner zone. The plans mom bills and on oterall greater density In this brane apain was discontinuou mually at darter matdx, the fibrils between the cot the places where the unlined empty space umns were adented parulld to the cal touch the edge of the cell. umns whereas the fibuls between the cell, In that portion of the Inner mne nearest in the Hime column were oriented parallel the epiphyreal plate a third type of cen to the longitudinal act of the celle (Ap 13 and 17) occurred. In the light ZORCI of hypertrophy and degeneration TD Toscope then cells were mal, der of the epiphyseal plate This move u #rngy massa in otherwise empty lacunke. formed by the last 2 to 3 cells in each In electron micrographs they were a column. The fuperficial cells nearest tho tremely denise bizarrely shaped stands of prollferating cells were larger than the protoplasm interperred within the Abell proliferator cells above them but other for matrix aning the lacunac. Only occa wire dmiter Some of the deeper cells were Jonaly was there any intemal structure Integularly shaped with many sodiy proto withlo the protoplasmle strando (de 19) plannic procesa in marylng degreer of Milnerul deposits were evident in the matrix teruption and dentical to the Arx type of of the central portion of the Inner tone In the slightly alded areas, there are degenerating cell described in the time zone of the oppbykal center of our round durteti of crystals tnterspersed in too. Other cells (g. 21 und 2) demore amorphous tuberxe (16) different. They too, bu tormy There duke coalesced to form solidly art inic extension te ·409 DOUGLAS LANDLESON merous than thore of other cartilago cele cytoplasmic vacuole. Its dectron dens Tho pudeus wu foregular and dente. Pele central portion mu rutrounded by w ap. zones al glycogen were scattered through parently copty 200€ probably due to an otherwise danse cytoplem that cou shrinkage of the Hold. Some cells had two taipod oviy raro mitochondria interperred mcuoles and in a fow they were putple. encoe closely packed membranes of the The oma of cytoplam around the Upra crgustoplago Numerous small character droplet candsted almost entirely of placa Isto vacuole Hke those seen in the cone of pen interperred with denset Allophous prallferation were also present (ng 22) aggregates (fig. 28) Recognizablo cyton The intercellular paco at analogous to plasmic organdles were rose. The plane of that in the colphsyal center of ossifica *ection frequently missed the nucleus eren ton and contained solar fona al caldo though some cells had multiple nuclei. aton. The extracellular metode wa Increased in Ear comparison to that of infant no and the dlastice to further removed from the cell Light microscopy Tho auricular cirth Hurtice but otherwise the extracelular lage at the 15-go rat u Dot yet fully de matedal wa dmiar in appeirince. veloped. It consisted of polyhedral cells with large padel end cant cytoplasm DISCUSSION neparnted by a sperme mandStalning The outstanding feature of cudlago is with Verhoeff elastia rovealod i denne its uniquo matrix - firm gel composed neturork of elastic Abent in the mide The Dainly of mucopolyagccharides containing auricular cartilage of the 40 gm nt wat & network of calaren ibord (Ham "81; stolidogly different from that at the Inlant Maximow and Bloom, 57) The matrix of rat. The calls were larga and each com Borne cartilages when pleted in the dec tained a big central lipid pucaolo and abun bron microscope of uniform appear dant glycogon. The cross sectional width Ance from the plasma membrane of one of the artilage was increased due both to Chondrocyte to that of its neighbor Such the enlargement of cells and to increased In the care for the articular and tracheal amount of mort, but the number of cells cartillage (ig 2,3 4 6 6 and 7) of this from one oddo to tho other remained the Audy and at the articular cartilage of the stemme Drodno phalooges Rudled by Takumi Electron microscopy The electron mi (80) Except for the electica, the Inter croscopic stracture of chondrocytes in the cellular space of ear cartilago is alvo Idenear of the infapt rat is ardent in Agure 23 tical everywbere ( 23 24 and 25) Two nucle occasionally were present with (Sheldon and Robinson "58) In other car in a dogle cell The Golgi apparatu was tillages hotrover there are toner of pale perouder and forned by packs of flat Matrix interposed between the dort matrix tened double membranes with agocated and the chondrocyta (Robinson and Cat mul vesicles. The cytoplasm aloo cart cron, 86 Scott and Par 56 CAMCTon tained abort grands of ergastoplarm and and Robinsan 38 Zelanda 59 Takuma, mitochondria 50; Krere und Knoop '612, B1b) The The føtercellular matrix ITU Kaunt and Palerets of these areas related to the contained only for fine Albrilla. At this Anenco u tell us to the paucity of their time the elastica consisted of irregular Abris dumpy and strends of dens homogeneous There 1 evidence that in at least como matedal occasionally touching the cell cartilages finetices of the Abrils and the (figt. 23 and 24) No definitive uitrustruc itswtant paleness of the matrix is due to torul features were Identied in dute, the immaturity of the matrix Zelander although there were occadonal suggestions ('59) found that the fine Abrils near the of a longiudinal fibrlar tobstructure or cell grodually become broader OTT 1 rone periodic transmetse banding 2 to 4 y mide blending Imperceptibly Into The most striking featuro of chondro the dark metrir broad abs Othe gla in elastic carriage of young 40.9m (Tukuma 50 Godman And Porter DO) rau (Ag 25) Yos largo central lipid tuled Erre similarly noted that the Abris lo ·ULTRATRUCTURE OF UT CUTLADES 409 mediately surrounding the chondrocytes lear artifact my play role in producing pero fine, the broader ones being midney theat empty looking stras. between the cells. These obarndoms og Samo cartilages contain i detwart of gest that the fine Abells are early collagen dastica in the matds between the cell. Abella which prow with age us tuil younger Although itu emoct nature is unknown med 1 laid down between them and the clastica is Identified rendilly by its liimity chondrocytes Topographical eviden.co for specific stats and high retractility lenda further fupport to this idea. Pale The data of ear artilage (Agu 23 24 matrix is found not only sounding so od 25) (Sheldon and Robinson, "58) lated chondrocytes, but also between the denso, homogeneous, and rembles that cella at recently divided enous coup of other thaves (Korrer '58) A Abruar lot (fig. 11) (Godman md Porter '80) sabetructure of lastic Obers to CAT carti Furthermore, pale mola la particulply lege is evident in soade sections, much as pronlent tn rep whero matde produc in other caste fibers (Rhodin und Dal. tion rapid, such as in the zone of pro hamn, 55 Kemer 38 Charte (81) Hferation of the opphyseal plate (ig. 18 In all are studied, the mtoenl of cal and 20) (Scott and Per 66 Camera cifled cartilage is present u sphedcal dus tod Robinson, 58; Dering '88 Takuma, tens to Hghty calciiled treu coalerdag in- BO) and the fibells are broad in alder topo to a colld calcified spicule in more betylly mphical areu ach us in the portion of calcified zone. The crystals that form the the colphyodo Detrest the epiphyreal plate clusters are rundomly uranged, though (Godman and Porter "80) This concept POTOO preference for redial utangement also is fupported by studies of developing has been noted, especially at the magim artlagen. Martin ('53 54) found that the of the cluster (Robinson and Cameron 36, cartlagt matrix of the embryonic fowl con 57 Durmtag '58 Tacuma, "80) The Cry tained only ine Abiells the broader ones tals are approximately 500 A long and SÓ A making their appearance later in embry we in rectaned matedal (Scott and omlc ulo and eventually predamnating in Pear 56 Robmon und Cameron 56 the adult. Randall et al. (52) Iker so 57 Durning 58 Tabuma, 80) described only Ane Obills in the cartilage Biochemical crent occurring dudng cal matdx at fowl erobuyou, where in the ctfication of cartilage hare rrot yet been adult they found broad Abills as well. Tbe elucidated. The crystal site correlates well Abrils which Hay (58) obrerred in Dowly with the size of hydroxyapatite crystals formed cartilape of the regenerating Lomb formed in ottro (Vatson and Robinson of Amblyktora larre also wore delicate, "53) but dectron microscopic evidence were those Taluma (80) demonstrated Forgest that womething moto than omple in the articular cartilage of young (144 precipitation takes place Tbe caldded dayı) mice ara is wel demarcated from the uncal In addition to the wide areus af pale diled matrix in . remarkably een ne matrix with fine Abd., a DTOX empty (iz. 15) and Tabina (60) bus demonrim may Kurround sonno chondrocytei strated i denne border between calcided (Zelander 39, Godman and Purter 50 and uncalcified matrix that is presenteren Knese and Knoop, 'Bla) Zelander (39) aftar decalcification of rection. A dense fuctests that there do may be collections 1 morphous wbstance is uro present within of perly foamed mucopolykaccharides to the mineral clogen (ig 16) vs bas been which Abulls here Dot yet been deposited, men in decalcified sections (Takuma, 60) corresponding to the capsule in licht ml and considered to correspond to the doud croscopy which because of lo strong meta around early crystals found by Robinson chromista, Le thought to conde mainly of and Cameron (57) The process of calci chondroitin sulphate (Hom, '81) The in ation diffen morphologically in cartilago constancy with which there rim were ob and in borre. In cartilare the chals are knied in both the tracheal und articular In dusters und bear po apparent relation cartilager of this study and the Tarlability ship to collagen Abtle (Robinson and Cam with which different investigators have TOD, 56) whereas in bope itals ut found them arest that to some extent at laid down 1o definite relatomhip to the

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·436 Y THOMAS ALGARD ALICE EL. DODGE AND FADLET OLAN animals and in argenotypic cultures can be turned to theft cages. It copulation was assetsed. The authors wish to emphasize the prac observed the pair was permitted to retain together for an additional quarter hour and tal dgnificance of the hamster flant or the pregnancy mezarred from the time of pans for forestigation of borroode/cancer copulation. relationships, eg they afford a unique op Fetuses trete obuted by hytterectory portunity for direct daly visualization, pal. Fetares alder than uge days were diaxected pallan end ready Intermittent rempling by free of the stern and testing membiopsy of an endocride target organ which brune to i altre mediuma; remorul of also happens to be amenable to the Indoc ntne day embryou required use of a distam of CADCT by treatment with orogenous secttag microecope. sex hormones. This ready accessity and are of nirgical manipulation com- Serenel representatre embryos for each time Interval tudied prere Ared in Bouins bined with harmone specificity should at solution, perfin imbedded and serially tract the attention of moro forestigatort sectioned at 7-10 H. In addition, derelop MATERIALS AND METHOD ing flank organs and adjacent aka There diorected free for microtechnical procet It was destrable to brclude to this study dng Unless otherwise specified an sec a description of fank arpan melanization tans were stafned by the Mathory-uran therefore only the golden form of the method for studies of the flank organ Sydao harasta u ured. Stock breeders alone it is best to remove it from the fetu, were from our own colony and from Ket wben poseble. If the organ is to be used eral commercial sources to Culturnia in any studies in vitro it is imperative that Two to dx month ald laples were selected It be cleanly removed Removal and subfor breeding, handled extenstrely to armire sequent bandling of the organ from fetuset tamence and housed individually in nest less than 12 days of age to relatively dif Ing cages amply prorlled wtth dry allalle. Bcult and requires con dderable experience Both males and females were fed on a dlet of Wayne mouse breeder pellets and ODSERVATIONS water ad libitum, wheat o carrots and Prior to parturttan (16 dayı) it is im- Teens mero glren tilco meekly tho dlet I of gravid fernales wu tupplemented with posible to detect grourly the Hank orgam chocolate flavored powered mik to sitn. In the Dirbom, homerer If the As hamster breeders well know matags cortovertebral furfaces ure examined unare much easier to obtain during the night. det & secting microscope odog txt- Timed matlog is best secured by observing cident Light, the organs appear u toy the precise line of copulation To obstste gllstening roughly circular palun spots tbe decenity for a night breeding schedule, With practice it is possible to accurately 1 mal breeding room mus blocked out and remote areas of Ho containing the deret equipped with a met which permitted the oping arrans from fetimes as young as 12 room to be Dominated during the night dark. Dereloading glanda tn fetutes younger than that ma best be studied in sedal Rec and darkened during the day Venulation tions of the bale costavertebral area. was provided for by the Inmadation of baffled rent und a small ur drculation With experience it is possible to detect unit Room temperature res malotated the fociplent pland to tho late sine or ady ten day embryod. Prior to this time there At appraxtractely 75 F In order to assure an accurate reckoning to pothtag to the prospective glandformof gestation ttme 20 breeding wus con ing region to distinguish tt froun derclopducted under strual torpection. Breeding log skin elsewhere. paint were placed in an empty cage since Tex day embryos bedding and feed tedded to distract them Il copulation failed to take place within 15 Between the ninth wd tepth days of minutes It rus ugumed that the fanalo testation the dmple squamous epithellum mus not in the receptre phase of the ot condutor the spidermal component al trous cycle and both animals were re the form og flank agant thickers project ·MINATAL DEVELOMZNT OF TALO. SCENT CLAND 437 irely to simple cuboldal epithelium over (16) is ady recogntzable histolog Irlog ubed a condensed mesenchyme in Scully more oo tn fact, thon during several which aan-celular Aibrous metadal has not rubacqueat day. The reaKon for this 1 been observed (Ap. 3) Between this cu that differontation in the aryan to ad baldal Layer und the underlylag condent Vinced over that in adjacent areas of sen Aton a faint but distinct basement memo- particularly the dermal contribution to the brun« visible. This membrane can also forming glond wich is densely cellular and be detected under adjecent pidmonds but relatively heavily rucolarted and which #relattrely thin und delicate. In our contains a fer decreto bundle of connec routine flenk argan prepantons vascular tiseute Abend. This condensation forms ly retins to be no greator than to farming hellow cup which extends nearly to the un cheewhere at this period. layer of differentiating panniculus cardo- Although the mummy pulmondta (mik pus fibers which appeur for the first time at Ines) and flank organ primordia appeur et this stage (fig. 6) In adjaceat reglons approximately the amo time (tenth day) the denonds is relatively thin, indefinite and the former are decidely the more active contains only a diffuse scattering of dellexpecially their ectodermal components. cete ilberi. Thils precocty continues throughout the The epidermal component has increased neonatal perlod. in thickness by eboat 33% through its thicket central region. The general pl. Eleden dag ontbryos dermis at 12 days has a nather definite By the coventh day the entre epidermis cuboldal bakal layer and usually ono Laser has become bilarmloor and is approud of squamow surface cells the basal layer mately 2 to 3 times thicker in tho region of of the flank orgen cpidermis is calumner the flank agan than elsewhere. Cello in and 1 ovedala by tiro or three layer of the bun layos tend to bulge Irregularly squamous cells. In the flank otyra the epi Into the imdadytag Usmo although there derma is reported from the dermal por 1 do evidence that any basement mem tion by a conspicuously beather barement brune penetration occurt (fig. 5) membrane than is found anywhere also in Although the developtog dand is only the skin with the exception of the developabout 10% Increased in Euroco uel OYOT tog MAINIOITy system (fig. 7) Tho cpider the previous day It is much better defined mal rugoste observed in the 11 day dd and can be located microscopically without specimenu are not us apparent at 12 dayı difficulty This made possible for the and the inner boundary of cpldermals promost part, by progresire, saucer-like rents relatively knooth surface to tho condensation in the underlying mered undedying detroit chymo (ig. 4) and by what appeas to be a much blghe blood supply than be found Thirteon day ombryos In the general skin. Within this mean Although when studied in detal It is chrymal plate are appreciable quantitas a obrlow that the 13 day fetal flank argia aniline blue-staintog fillilar matter which bas undergone condderblo pronth and We prefume to be collagen. At this stage diferentiation, it is actually not as deady exceedingly few or no farmed fibers are deltnerted from adjointng Ada w It was obrated in the surrounding akin. dry eier. This is due, not to let As can be seen in figure 4 the develop increment in flank argan growth but to be mille line fuperficially resembles the great burst of activity to the general skin, fank man borete under diguy higher e establishment of definite dermal magnification It tos at once apparent that layer profure formation of larve pomor bertas the oats mans of the Bank organ Hal hat follicles (Ag 8) and in focus 6 mesenchymal that of the milk line is In ruscularity aspecially to the vidatty of epidermal (fig. 7) foming han. An tnterto umple at Trelpe day abron trelre und aute-half days ftvents that hair primordia in vell perted. Between the cerenth and twelfth days of gestation the developing ilank ogen Within the epidermis of general ito. cuboidal peminative layer rests upon .

·458 SLIGET TITIRONOVITCH FONDITY AND ALLAN A PADOKULA Liquid yet not hot enough to coagulate the Al basement membrane and the meso serum This requirement was met by com the fun. The rerosal basement membrane bining mual amounts of eger and serum reparates the mesenchymal layer from the mixtures at 41 C drawing the medium merotbellum a simple squamous opithe into u warm serological pipette and dir Lum that line the crocoelom. Near lus charging It Into the culture flasks, Attachment to the chortoollantolc disc Specimen for histological and histo the endodornal nurlaco und the under chemical study there harvested et regular lying mesenchyme are evagnated to forma Intervals after explantation. There were permanent ridges, or falds that are often drually fixed in cold Rosemans fuld for erroneoddy called ViLL The remainder study of glycogen, mucoproteins and of the endodermal surface k smooth mucopolysaccharides by the periodic acid Betireen the thirteenth day of gestation Schiff (PAS) reaction employing dlastare and term (day 23) the visceral endoderm control Add mucopolysaccharides were todarpoo mucceuve changes in the ap identted by steining with alcun blue pearanco and content of its cytoplasm A (Steedman '30 Spicer '60) Other spect phare of Upld storage between dayı 10 and mens were fired for histological study in 15 is fucceeded by a period of glycopen cold buffered asmlum tetrodde at pH 74 Forage from day 15 to 21 From 13 days 77 for embedding to plastics to Serra to term, droplets of complex polyuccha fluld Allen B-15 ar 105 neutru for dde (other then dycopen) are present in malta. For histochemical localizadon of the apical cytoplasm a transient decresc enzymes the material was frozen und in their munber occun around day 18. sections were cut at 10 pn i cryostat The The activities of certain hydrolytic en enzymic reactions employed included the Tymes (alkaline phosphataxo citcrise Gomori metal-valt procedure for alkallno ATPLK) ure lot on day 13 become ele. acld and adenosine triphosphatesc actir vated dear dan 17-19 and thereafter ity the nitro-blue tetrazollum method decline until term Despite the terminal (Nachlas et al "58) for succinic deby decline in cniymic activities and glycodrogenase and the alpha Daphthyl acetate gen content, there I phonologico) ert. -dlazo blue B reaction for non-spectic dance of Increased transport of antibodies cherese These histochemical techniques near term (Brumbell 57) This increased irere applied in the manner dendbed in activity may be partially consequent to previous papers (Pedyhule and Herman, the ofty fold Increase in weight of the vie '55 Padykula "58) Lipids were studied ceral yolk ac between day 13 ond term. la preparatlant stalaed with Sudan black B before and after acetone extraction us 11 Morphology of the organ calarey well as in sections examined under polar When placed in culture the visceral yolk ized Ught. For clectron microscopy sped Lac conunues to develop along the general mens were embedded 10 Epon, sectioned, lines followed IA ITUO Both vulous and stained with lead udag Karnovskys (81) non vous portions of the membrane de Diethod A and examined in RCA micro velop equally well In the former for scopes models EMU-3E and F erample mitotic activity (ig 2) dis tobuted differentially beineen cpthellum QBSERVATIONS and merenchyme much as in uro since the folds heighten and the membrane rc- I Norphology of tie taceral tains its normal histological appearance rolk sac IR DO (Ag 35) Fragments expanied on dar The visceral yoll ssc (Ag 1) is a highly 13 and 15 generally preserve good mor Vircular membrune consisting of extra phology for tho weeks of some four days embryonk endoderm and mesoderm The beyond tem (day 23) Thereaflet be endoderm is a dimple columnar epithelium ratio of mesenchye to cpathethum Incomposed entirely of absorptive cells that Creiks pradually the fold thorten and fer fra Line the yolk oc carlty Tho mesoderma the epithelium becomes lov comprises the mesenchyme nurroundlog meots remain one after 33 days! and forming the telline ressels, the sero or twke the normal period of gestatko utro ·459 OR CAN CULTURES OT THE BAT'S YOLI JAC (Ag. 9), bat Otergrowth by mesenchymo Storage of glycopot. Expland made on prevent the argan cultures free forviring den 12-13 begla to Horo glycogen per much longer day 16 Thla ls in accord with the behavior Blogt oplants there made at 13 days of of the membrune ta vioo where glycogen festation. At that time the racen cada storage commence ground day 14 reacha derm is composed of truplo compar cells e peak at drys 18-19 and dtminishes bebarag nocntal nucleus with a cytoplam fare birth (Padykule und Richardson, 183) dicha tn ltpld ud ahbiting perfoucier Arimilar role of gorago and dopletion bumophilia. The apical cytoplasm to falaty occur tr otro (figs. 89) bat plycofon acidophil in reaction. It is fundounted accumulates moro wowly than to vivo by i conspicuous microrilou border The Tho peak is roached between dan 20-25 endodermal cells matntain the appearanco (ng. 8); the doclino pets in slowly thereduring the first few days of culture (fig After Glycogon levels in the culture thus 15) As locubetam continues, the cells fall us to stvo but they begin to dimintah become taller their nucle are parbed at a time when mesenchymal overgrowth downward (Ag 16 25) and the micro I already under rey Googen-deploted vllow border grote more prominent and membranes explented near term (dayı 21 moro Irregular in xhapo (ap 26-28) and 2) dopodt glycopen to their calls Although the apical border reaches its (Ag. 16 20) AD portaatal membranes, greatest development in otoo between day regardless of their time of explantation, 13 and 15 (Which und Padylala, '53) contain unell amounts of glycogen - long tho mlcrort to otto contro to main u that morphological appearance ro tain that belght beyond term (Ag 23) matas good (Ag 0) Epithella) glycogen Lloreover when cultura are made of porr primarlly beul in the cell (Age 7 25) term ombrund (day 91 and 22) the although during peak storago it I also normally shart brush border regatus 16 pical (og. 8); this corresponds to the beight within a dry and the explants cytological distribution observed to utvo comundo to urvive for several days more. Storage of Hpids The Upids prosent Patches of intraddod quamos calls occur la the visceru yolk sic at orplantation and Infrequently in the epitheltum of speed largely infrundclour acetone-soluble dropmens maintained until com (if 17) Lets which hat with Sudan dyer exhibit Still alder cultures contain occasional Maltese Tout ecolotropy (Liron "80) are muldpucleate opithelial cells. strom ply fluorescent, and are a poultivo The cytoplasm of the mesodermal cells Schula tent for cholesterol (Wislocid and b basophili u the cultures to continued Padytula, '81) In otro thero Ilpide aro ther cells become increasingly reparated abundant in sceral endoderm from by the the deposition of Anc reticular i dag 8-17 Durog cultivation in vitro tho bers and later by collagen (. 4) After rack hc returns those lipido longers they a fortnight in vitro mesoderm beplot to 1ro present in azoablo but variable quan dominate the cultures. The serosal bass dues in the viceral endoderm of 13- or ment membros become thickened and 15 day axpleti unul days 23-26 (Age folded into a mass of correctlre tutte 13 14 25) and then decilno to a lower increunghy charactedred by frreguloty hotel. As time pose the lipid dropletu of contour 1 Abrow texture, and acido teod to become distributed moro ovonly phila Erentually necrotto uma end through the cytoplarm than at orplantomacrophapas ppear within the cultures. tion. At Art tho spithellum contains al DI Functional acttottles ta titro Doort all of tho Iptd but in oldor cultures the microderm accumulate appreciablo The cultured gol uc embrace roret amounts. In addition droplets, some of Lycope and lipid in all its themes us does misotrople Mold appear at the tourgos it counterpart in too, but potrictpally in of bealthy cultures durng Incubation the epithelium. In addition, the visceral (66 18) endoderm engages in phagocytodds md Absorption of materials muy trete its products into the ambient endoderm ha notable capacity for ab rochet sorption of large molecules and cololdal The vlcerul ·458 TARGET PITIRDIOVITCH SOROTIN AND ITLIN A. PADYKULA liguld yet not hot enough to coagulate the sul busement membrane and the meso serum. This requirement u met by com thellum. The serosal basement membrine btning omall amount of agar and perum mixtures at 41 C drawing the medium merothellum . dmple squumou epithe reparates the mesenchymal layer from the Into s mram seralogical pipette, and dis Dum that lines the erocoelom. Near its charging it tato the culture fluks. attachment to the chocollantotc disc, Specimetus for histological and histo the endodermal hartact and the under chemical study there harvested at regular Iring mepenchymo aro eraginated to form Intervals efter explantation. These were permanent Hdger or folds that are often usually fixed to cold Rossmans fuld for erroneously called vill The remainder study of glycogen mucoproteins and of the endodermal parface is grooth mucapalsuacchadde by the periodic add Between the thirteenth day of gestados Schiff (PAS) reaction employlag dlastare and terin (day 23) the placeral endoderm controls. Acid mucopolysaccharides were under ydes Accesulve changes in the op Identified by staining with alden blue pearance and content of its cytoplem. A (Steedman 560 Spicer '80) Other spect phuse of Upid storage between days 10 and mens were fixed for histological study in 15 1 ricceeded by a period of glycogen cold buffered omlum tetroxide at pH 74 storage from dayı 15 to 21 Froon 13 dort 77 for embedding in plastics in Semas to term droplets of complex połyucchafluid Allens B-15 or 10% neutral for rido (other than glycogen) uro present in malin. For histochemical localizadon of the apical cytoplasin a trestent decrease entymes the material was frozen, and in their number occurs around day 18 sections were cut at 10 uin . ctyostat. The Tho activities of certain hydrolytic THenzymic reactions employed Induded the Tyme (alkaline phosphatar, esterase Gomort metal-salt procedure for alkaline ATPase) an low on day 13 become ele acid and adenosine triphosphataso actly vated near dayı 17-19 and thereafter Ity the nitro-blue tetrazolium method decline until term. Despite the terminal (Nachlus ct 2] 58) for rccinic dehy decline in cozymic activities and phycom drogenase and the alpha nephthyl acetate gen content, there to physiological er -dlazo blue B reaction for non-specific den.co of increased transport of antibodies cherases Thete histochemical technique Dear terin (Brambell 57) This increased were applied in the manner described in activity may be partially consequent to previous papers (Padykula and Herman, the Afty fald increase in weight of the si 55 Padykula 58) Lápids were studied ceral yolk 440 between day 13 and term. in preparations stained with Sudan black B before and after acetone extraction as 11 Aforphology of the organ cultures well as in sectons examined under polar IPhoen placed la culture the mera) palk ized light For electron microscopy spect soc continues to develop along the reneral mens mere embedded in Epon, mattoned unes followed in ttco Both willous and stained with lead usng Kamovskys ("B1) non-rMous portions of the membrane de Alethod A and examined in RCA micro relop equally well In the former for scopes models EMIU 3E und F example mliotho octivity (Ag 2) u dit tributed differentially between epithelium OBSERVATIONS and mesenchyme much u tk stbo alice 1 Alorphology of the viceral the faldı heighten und the membrane TT talns its normal histological appearance yolk ac in po (fig. 35) Fragments explanted on dors The visceral yolka sac (Ag 1) is a highly 13 and 15 generally presene good mor vascular membrane consisting of extra phology for two weeks of some four days embryonic endoderm and mesoderm. The beyond termo (day 23) Thereafter the endoderm is a dople columnar epithellum ratio of mesenchime to eptibelkom in composed endrely of absorptive cells that creases gradually, the folds shorten und line the yolk 13c cavity The mesodern the cpilbellum becomes low comprises the mesenchymne furrounding ments remain alle after 33 days (retiro und formtag the wtelline retsels the Kro or twice the normal period of fertition A fer fra ·"60) tre umont tho most utible dan cultures of yoll nic copepond to Metch. OLCAN CULTURES OF THE LATE YOLI MAC 481 boy the palod. There is, however como eging first becomes manifest in the tidence of decreased absorptivo apacity noble parenchymal elements in the slow by tndiktual cells of the visceral endo of Metchnikoff or in the connective tistue, deon from tudies of in oltro uptake of in the vien af Bogomolets (quoted In NII- Ttamin Br Intrinsic factor couples (Pady tin, '81) In other organs morphological kula and Wilson, 60) In the yolk ac the and physiological aspects of plng hare known terminal regresate changes eres been described at both sites (Andrew 51 1 fall in the beght of epithellal brush Cordry "52; Bourne '80 Gros 81, Strehbarder, 1 decline in the storage of drco ler 62) As in aging organlams the par D and Lyd, decouses in certain enzymnic enchymal cells of the cultures undergo Activides, and rund occurrence of prenots Boine morphological regression the conto model of the epithellum. Under condi Dective torue dements not only continue tions of organ culture the enzymic levels to flourdih but they aro kumulated to pro- Tematn elevated at an ure corresponding duco heavy depodlts of extracellular fhers to tem ta oto furthermore, when naar ind ground pubstance (ig. 4) In udo term membra tre cultured the brush the basement membrane of the visctnl barde tratus in height, and glycogen endoderm thickens between day 13 and terige beya CW This crllence when term; this could progressively alter the added to that of the membrane. long per berder betree endoderm and circulating tal ta ultro alon omo to ro that these fetal blood (Wlslochd and Padykula, '53) terminal morphological and physiological In otro mare dreablo depositions of extra changes to the yolk uc are Impored on the celular netedals by fibroblasts increas berborane and do not result from its in ingly reparate cells of the endoderm and berent wenility Furthermore, when per mesoderm from functional interactions. duction hus been delayed alther naturally Such interactions aro known to be cutan, or experimentally with the aid of bor Hal to arganogenes (Grobotein, "54) und mode, placental membranes of rabbits may as well bo neceuury for matotepince (Snydet 34) cattle (Holm mentioned of specific morphological and blochemical by Viler, 'BO) und man (Clifford, 57) bare forstved for ko timo beyond tho cherncteristics (Ebeling mod Fincher 29: Sarolin, 81) Metazoan cells in these cul date di patarition Dommal for the spedes. ture, where unorganized growth favored Aloer a long pedod ta oltro the argum have demonstrated the potential Immortal- Balcones of the valk u cahibit What may ity of thet lineare (Carrel, 72 Ebeling. be a true manifestation of aging over 122) Erplants to organ culture where Howth of the poembrade by connectivo coguntzed growth fostered, crentually thare This leads to look of the Domdisplay morphological changes shared by beres histological latogrlty the fauna eging organism, und die Hance uge and the aputsociated phenomene are more apparent pearance of macrophera. These effects, In tema boring organized growth. It is O enough in any chausted cul worth keeping in mind that, thus far the ture may of course, be the result of some largest ye devredents that have been ob- Dutritional del choncy Perhaps with sub served in cellular functions are no greater Abution of another medium, survival thon 15% to contrust to decrements of could be edended, but eventually, the 40-00% in total oyla performances home Histologlal changes would forno (Shock 60) Apoz. long continued Khadow the death of the cultures. Just process, my progres rapidly when inter poca chompes in company with declino actions between cells of the puronchyma be the thumber of functional uniu (bock, und connectire true become dificult The fal Otim of the Metrzon (Rorenchensky 81), that the large store al cholesterolcontain- Esentially the observations made on la ing Lipid in the visceral endoderm repre rents material absorbed from the yolk suc (03 D6) It be certainly not clear whether Introduced in to iter the absorpure top of fod of Dacrods ·482 JE MINOTITCH BLOT AND HELIN A, PADITULA cell by plaocytords, become enclosed alth gen cycle in organ culture indicates that 1 cytoplasmalo membrue and may also discosco bus o intrinsically deteraloed penetrate the nuclew (Lure 57; Lux rale the differentiation and in the func Daria uod Smith 39 Lore Darkes, and tional activities of the membrane The dark, "59) When a colloidal nubstance dependence of fetal area on glycoged us such as trypen blue 1 fatrodaced, either un encry sourco i wel kann und it is to otro or th too the absorptiro cells gold.cant that an isolated fetal organ will phagocytose the material readily The for reproduce 1 pattern of phycosto storio dgn substance is regregated in the supre ecountely this body Muxrated lo aucleur poglon ud erldently is not trunt ongna cultures of developing maramallan ported across the cell. On the other hand lungs which duplicato a characteristichts protetn ruches antloodles, no trans tological pattern of glycogeo dlstration mitted across the visceral endoderm to the keen ta otoo (Sorolda, 81) Deretoplot fetal circuladon. The evidence admittedly long concentrate glycogen lo the term somewhat temuove, that betteen day 10 nal buds were mitoses are most frequenti and 15 the absorptive cells in otro ere us differentiation into more proodmal Rp engaged in the transportation of largoments occur the drogeri disappear amoumts of anisotropic that is based on Thus, with yolk uses of lungs the e the duatribution of the droplets in the planted segment carries « ttmetable of supranoclear cytoplasma (Wislocld and differentiation that provides for retaballo Padykula, 61) Such droplets to found accowspantorent to to vartous morphologt enclosed by cytoplasmic membrme. At cal and functional event the peak of storage they also occur in the Experimental rystems for investigations mucleus (Ag 25) These localization cola of the man mallan rol sec Grufu of rat cide with the intracellular positions of yolk uc have shown remarkablo poter artically introduced colloidal pubstances Halfter when transplanted to the mothers and thus suggest that the cholesterolich onseptum (Payno and Payne '61) Thex upld has been absorbed It should be met Talk suc fragmenu, transplanted a days doned that much intrunuclear Hold les 14-15 and permitted to grow for 1-3 free in the cytoplasmic matrix Although months, yuto origin to a variety of thouses this lipid appear to be identical cyto Footh muscle curdlare bone, and to chemically to that above the mucleus Its mucus cureting and epidermoald cyt. actual reladonship to the membrane Payne and Paype (81) sugger that cnclosed droplets is not known. the rock sec at this time possesses the In our thyestigation most explants were potentiality for developing into tntentia made on day 13 . time of mastal stor Although these studles should be strength age of lipid. The intracelular pertinence med by systematic analysis of carts of this lipid tre oltro for a period moch changes in the yolk sac grafts they provide longer than normal suggests either later w with an loteresting glimp of the dif ference to normal transport activity or ferentlauve potential of this extrterbry posebly in metabolic handling by the cell ont endodermal-metodermal complet The accumulation of Upld in the mese The system of organ culture not only derm of alder culture pay also be related lends itself to the study of differeodation to un faterruption of the normal pathway functional activities also can be analyzed of absorption. On the other hand the under varioun emirorumental condition appearance of anisotrople droplets at the Popp ('58) demonstrated high metabolic rurface of bealthy cultures (f. 18) rug nto und actie syothods of nutrients to gests a secretory phenomenon but it is not cultures of riscal yok me of malce er knoten whether it hu any ix otro counter planted during the second hull of gesta part. than Under conditont of culture em Tho posrble dgalactose of discogen fo played in our study strong fateraction the differentiating visceral endoderm has Mos Obrerved between tododermaal cells been considered in detal tn pretious nd the culture medium The belghtened publicados (Padykula and Richardson brush border with betuly pleomorphlo mal 63) The mimicklag the ti tiro drca crossli omifces a cell furface that was ·the endodern. I trypen blue is added It ORCAN CULTURE OT THE UII YOLI BAC 463 responding constantly to it environment organ culture in other blological studier. Coocenably altor ton of the culture me In concluson regionalvo changes in the dium would affect this phagooytic or plno volk uc at torm are not primedy tho Gytotic response result of rennity but are imposed by modt The earliest hematopateris of the fetus Acation of the millet could also be approached experimentally with argan culture. Although most of our ACTINOWLEDOXIENTY planta mere made after the ceilatlan of Technical wrtance to the progress af blood cell formation in the yolk uc, some this study wu contributed by An. Mary of the younger specimen hored islands O Moore and by Blisses Hundet A. Mc of dilatatlating blood cells. Membranes Kelvey Elleen Hall, and Ann G Campbell planted at 10-12 dayı would include their all and cooperation are greatly apbematopoietic time that could be mainpreciated. Bir. Leo Tolbert prepared many talped h oltro of the light micrographs and gave valuable advice on the photography of the other. SUNDLARY The project nu begun while the wenlar Differentiation of the visceral mall (vis author wu a member of the Department Coral planchnopleure) of the yolk sac of Pathology in this rchool. placenta of the albino rutk approximated In organ culture Furthermore explanted LITERATURE CITED membranes surrtro ta otro condderably Andecon, JW 1959 The placrata burder to beyond ther normal life span. Prome poboltos to the mt. Am J ADL A cycle of glycogen storage and deple 104 403-130. ton by the ersdodermal cells occurs in vitro Andrew W 1931 Ag chance to the alden of and dosely resembles that observed in Water Iostitate ruta with particolar forec to the plotron Am. Anat 80134310 to. This metabolic recapitulation in vitro Baker, 8. PNW Shock and 1 E Macdo 1102 mdlcates that the glycogen cycle 1s pod Info of up and obefty to women on marlly an intrinsic function. On the other barel ayon cammination and in terms hand, glycogen-depleted membranes ox of total body water and intracellular water In Biological Aspects of Aging Ed. NW plented at terra tro capable of reaccumu Shock Calonha Untreuity Pro, New Yoch. lating dycogen, suggesting that extrlasic 84-01 factor modify this pattem. Certain on Bourde, G. EL 1900 Canerul trpect of stos to call from symic activities appear intendfy and per phydologicul potot of view IA Tbe Bology of Apne Ed D F Strahler delar a long us the membranes remain Apelean bertitute of Bologlal Bench bralthy Esplantation of lipid-rich mem- Washington, 183–146 bana u 13 drys Intedteres with the not Bmpbell, F WR 1907 Tbe donelopment of mal handling of this songo material fetal tootetty Msoy Yoandatkoa Careers on Gestation 4 103-201. A major cytological deviation from nor Brumbell, F WR., and R. Hiday 1959 The mal different latlan occur at the free fur rote by wkb Portretmudy is truncated face of the cododecomal cells Ix oldo the tra mother to toet to dent. Prec. Roy foc, London, K.B. 145 170-115 mbatori tre longest and most lururlant Bramben, FW , ad w Bantap 1900 days 13-15, thereafter they become less Tbe tracedo of antibodies tre med cootto one. In vitro the microrillt are to fita. In The Placete od Tetal HD at all times highly developed; under these DO EL CA VA .. und will be Cmapenry Baltto, 71-6 conditions the endodermal cells are ac Bridgam, J treby phapocytic They ingest componenta the demonent of the placenta of the mi I A Dorpbolodet stody of of the culture medium that react with PAS As cotti of the detaloprt of the placenta and allan blue. Such material 11 CODCCD of the white mt. I Morph, As 61-65. Bolo D, A R. Dieta 160 Ore mated to the supremucour cytoplasm of toes on babytrite put to the mal plectate JADAL 24 46-51 to forested und stored in the ume region. card. A 1011 On the permanent life of The dgnidcance of these findings is die pe cale of the art I Ep. Medan IS 616 Cowed to relation to the crents at agtog quard. . . 1857 Postmaturity od to functional activities of the yolk uc moon Patlatka I 2 Lorto your face potentions tre made for use of such 1 MB Loot Chlamp 12-02 ·484 non FDOVITCH 10.0LN AND HELIN A. PADITULA Cowdry AV 100 Apsint of tadridual is Hayobuch, H. 1834 Zar Frupe de Proteo lo Cairdry Problems of Adat Balogeal Oberget Top do Monte rom fortes. I Ad Medical Arpects, and ad Id. A. I Lentes Wulats und wo Company Daltmort Detode me Kuttan um Ende der Schwinger chat troby Zawach robop. Anal 49 47994 Endling. A EL. 1023 A te ne old that of a car, DAT Hartie EC Adam and Iktoblura I Lrg Mads 34: 703-700 VL Atlebardson 1438 Hlutochtolaul obrer LUK. A H., Ad A. Flachure 1970 Lored col mation on the human ante. Obutet Coc. turn of prre state of Abroblasts and spibe al al. J Ep. Med, M5-100. Metehnico!! EE1003 The National Hans Irrtt J W 1835 Morphological and phy! Studies to Opttalade Pollosophy Lalk tror ological wadia of the plant of the albtoo Lactor XL PC Mitchell, CP Patnito Sot nt J Exp Zool, to 843-785 Nur Yach Tuter E. E. A. Hling, I want and W Mer Cotty 1047 The terbakar at the 1000 The Protoapution of Lin Optr in to sential bypertonton] Platha Srodin Logih mlation. Ed PC Laytrt WitchIL G P Patago a fons, How York Dematy 15-7 Flarer L. A, and A. Cellhorn Nachlas X HLt. T, L Dufona, C. Chcpy 1041 The comper the phytostog of plumui trofez. Az bod A felpman 1957 Cytochela demonstration of nucenio dehydration by the J Obstet Gmc 43: pos074. w of a Dew poltropbcoyl taberetetted dutetta Flaner LJ DB Com, L Loan, W X Die J Histochem Cytochem, 8: 20-43 Wildo and G. I Voybarch 1048 Tbe part MatthVN IASI Burean Studies on Art abuty of the human plecata to metom LA Doral and lomal promocios od the Agrociated Phyootas Dioclemetry od Mor bolo supply of sodion to the human fetox us dete Nettopal Lort Aalth, Betbenda Hargland moted that thoutin odlom. Am J Obstet. Gynec. 55 400-480. Podytale. H. A 2004 Ahlubocbod All Fryer, I H. 100 Studies of body compondition quantitative mody of you of the nors a to ma 4d 60 od orth. Ia lological As Cente. J Anal 2, 116-120. pects of Apa Ed. NW Kooct Colomda Padyale, IL Aad L. Herpa 1850 Tector Uptraruty Treas, Na York, 5-71. cttar the activity of adenout atphosphe Crobati, C 10.35 TLMU Inttonetton to the tone and other pbogbatan Hamed by marpbous al more epbryonio radhomat histochea cal technken. Hletochem Cyto ou outro. Lo Aspects of Synthesis tod Order bem., 3 161-10 ta Growth Ea D. Rudnick Princeton Und Psyko, IL AY AT IT. TUO 100 Dior Vruty Pru, Procton, New Jerny 233-456 matath of boorpare apacity in the lact Grom, 1001 Aretrig at councetto Coroas the roll ic of the rut Antt. Bec 13 5. articolular componenta. In Atractant Ar locytala, Lod D. Auchardson 1900 A pects of Aprta Ed. G. Bourne Hateg Qornitated birtochemical and btochemical my Pobilblog Company New York, 177-104. o sycopen storage to the rat placerta Adm. Cron, LE Z Epatola and L. A. Kanal 1834 L ARNt 111 118-942 Hlatalogy of the cornery turda and then Pure, J L X. Purde 1961 ruutual bracbe in the buren beat Am. Path, tratu te mat. J Eabryol Erp, Norge, 10 153-574 100-116 Hote. A IL 1940 Lorulotloo of the to Porp, LA 1991 Coutpenat bwtaballom al trual lo or J Gerontol, 1 96-117 Lastocytos, atrigobronk code, and Karnorky 1. J 1001 Kbpople methods for ude todometatudy of the moun matates with led at Wirto p in electron Zool, 134 1-0 malero CUPT J Baphy Blochem. Cytol 11 Petter 31 1947 The distribution 1 779-722 line pberpbutes to the present otru atba Kartachemky V 1981 May lalodal cod Yatb rut J Anat, al 352h olopka Aretag Hafner Publbtas Coc PART RAE J1900 Letolochu and beforbant Now Yat pia chupro ruboptthold conce Log, L. 1500 KL tochbok at Cytochimla Ant time I Adns for local and fological Dal, Pontes et Nathoden, 3rd ed. Cather Apath Ed. Nºtbeck Amts Amat Ad Ori, Parts, 401-11 Posao, Wabota, 193-404 Lon 1. A 1837 The morphological pentierte Sbock, NY 1960 tape of the facts.get tons of uptake of matndals by the yolk me la Agne tape focal od Holage Arpecto the potpunt nabbit. NK Fotodation cio EL X W ssct ADDA Atroc At tona latnon ao Centation, 115-12 WuHattoo M 180 Lor, S. LIDL LL Clark, Jr Suder FF 1934 TL pracantian weet Electrop Durocopy of men though HADET od coolad of pathe by Am ) Pach. 35 008 rabbit folostny Loducho a male potr Love & AJ Derket god N. Smith 1950 Dies AL DEL Jane Hopkins Hopp 11 thod CTO COPT of gamot sloot LA Sorrikut, $ 1901 A stody of dertbart ba gytopless and pocid of ra on toll Fr onun curun of build lena Derdar Proc.,18 191 Blo, 3 is ·OLGAN CULTURES OF THE RAT'I YOLE LAC 465 Stol, Lood H. A Pedytoly 1900 Dieser touton of the role as to vitro. Apat. Xc, IA 35 I, LL 1080 A corretta sody of the calcul puupute of rodent od troco polynecnie I tochem Cytochem., . 11 Hodon, ET 1940 Alo koe LOS In auh tuc morte Quart J Da S, 91 47 1900 Dondon In The Placenta ind Fetal Memben. F. C. A Vila. YTLAT od Willen Company Burton 133-134. Whiloch, GB 1856 Larpbalaglaal uppets of aim to the placenta. Clby Trodathoo Call Arong 2 106-114. Widodd, Q Bod E. W Drops 18-55 Electron microscopy of the place of the it Apat Loc, 123 13-04. Wooc, GBod H A Pedala 1933 Rastot ut mon brede ind the role mcd the nat toutted by his toob.coolul PL Am. J Ant. 02. 117-102. 1001 Histocbometry od cectron RH croscopy of the placat Chirp. 15 Ini ka end Intanal Penetton, Grd Ed WC. Youn. WIDlem od wmune Company Baltimoro. treble, . ! 1903 The Catts und Ant Londonde tren, New York Thoma, L 1854 Zor Marphologle uod Centro die R Placentadatakte Arch. Gynek 115 27 Tin C 1088 Tb boliom of the huum plecrota hit witre. JBL Chem, 105 113-14 ·PLATE I DOLARATION OF MO Except for drar 1 mottrations are of orien cult of the visceral yolk it 1 Cronections of the met tar through the placenta ate on day 13.. Tbo visceral yolk são encarn the fetus and attached to the place tal diac. Note that the portion of the vineral yolk e Du in attack munt to the dhe ndged (vions The methode t the more wu the total tattog material for the one cultures. Only • partico of the fetos shown, and tho Anton la pot evident. 7 X - Autotlo activity to consplattoos to the canal ndoderm during the Ant day of culturns Epleted on day 13, is nitro two dart Iron bernatoylh. 360 X 3 After sorta dort in to this pechon diplert DoCmdl folding of the membende end en ardaty trapment of the coloner endo dermal cells. Whhin the fold the fell Hood many dlated, apd pollerades of connecttre toute is not atate. Explicated co day 13. Lron banatorytn. 300 X. 4 Appearing on yogagen calent. Lenith the cultbeltrom the cornocte the has the end by depoddion of collarino Albert Mesenchymal over growth is regularly prut to culturn matatatoed kul daya pest tema occidamully it become ontfort for what the laststad bent. The poldet med to lower right) dardy rated Explanted a day 13, he hitro doht day. Embedded to Epom. Taladto blec. 139 X For the most purt, pood berpbolageal rematou o ardent etter reten dan tante, bowTre Ke Lo connect to twaa to one quedrunt (upper left) In this particular pedoen Phice of fetal beert tud (b) be attached to one deh. Erplanned co doy 13 Inan bertazyte 33x

·OLGAN CULTUS OF THI KATI YOLX HAC
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·PLATES DOLUTATTOO 0 FICUT 25 An electron micropropb of an oudocker al cel after shu dara t Hro. The apkeu! cytoplam 1 crowned by brush border of microrAll. Above the puckeu te lart en containing brated material (abs tele) that presa poattire reaction for outral and eckd Dobcopolrucchariden. Wa-developed mutochoodna are distriboled through out the cytoplawn, but the large Cola pantat kod the cp doplak reueulum ant sont developed in perinuclear regions. Liptd o foand in longe droplett typically below the nocleus ut tumes it occun us well to the auclat Cleofen (met) b coocentruled below the Dodo (R) The pithellere boked together by temu ben (th) and met de moromal attachments (arrow) along their latert mind. Explented on day 13 7.000 x

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·whated a plateau which began at the treated animals wert undertakon in an dart to day the mechanism Involved A tody we also made of the Indigence of Studies of Rat Kidney and Liver Growth Using Total Nuclear Counts LARNETT ZULOFT AND HORTON R PACHTER Drutent of Pathology Stel Uxtremity of Na York, Dowotato Modul Cetter Brooklyn, Na York Orgto growth in young inimals pro on the course of Wdoey hypertrophy after ceeds by multiplication of discrete units unilateral nephrectomy the cell nuclel. There has been consider able Interest in the use of total nudear METHOD counts as attendon of organ growth and Lisers were patpared by ringing in tap regeneration, but tutles of the ronal water patting dry and umming ] Bga. course of anyon growth in terms of total ments and connective tissue Kidneys were moder count have not been reported. In gently prend tree of blood and docappart, this is because the use of stained mulated the capaules, together with the obstological sections for count u reported major blood vessels uretera, and renal by Broen, Drury and Brues (36) Koster litz (44) und Bucher and Glinos (30) pelvis, were then amputated at the hilus. The orgun wu placed to the chamber of a stune communing and impractice for any Waring Blondor with enough 0 01 N hydro bir tolume of wack. A method of per chloric acid to yield a final concentration farming muclear counts an organ homogo of nucle in the homogenate of about 5 000 boy wu detalbed by Pearce and Gerard per cu mm This amount vaded from 100 (12) but 1x labodou and in the writers to 400 ml for a rat ltver or two rat bdneys experience, not rery reproducible Tho depending on the stre of the animal. The abnetration by Minky und AL (47) that quantity of liguld used for the homogeniza I bow pH to the suspending medium will tion wu just under tho dedred final vol protect made from powerful sbearing ume after homogenization was complete, forces provides the background for devel the simpendon was made up to exact vol opident of the method to be described ume in a gaduated cylinder The Blendor According to Miinty (49) the soethod wu run for two minuter. The timing old produces suspendons of mudel in which do not Deed to be enact any time interval tree chromosoma can be detected. from 45 seconds to 12 minutes mus satis The present paper reports the result of factory (Ag 1) but two minutes wu used upplication of this method to a study of throughout for the ake of uniformity the prowth of ret lyer und Wency tn terms After the Blendor mu turned off, 5 to 10 of totul nucleo count. It was found that, drops of apryl alcobol were added to the Dormally the carres for increase in nu suspendon to break up the foam and the den.count, except fn female mat liver homogenato wus made up to final volume with O OI N hydrochloric acid After thor hermet of puberty In the mid portion of tbe ough shakdog for a few mtoutes samples the growth pedod This platenu w mere withdrawn with a capillary pdpette Dot men in curte for organ weight in and run onto the stage of a mandard Q. Because of these finding studies hemocytometer No statning wu peces of nuclear coumt increase in the orgum of prythe nuclel stood out atoce the homos Castrated and of cegrated barpono enate us free of debris (ig 2) A count mu made of the total murubar of mudel in the fire standard red coll counting bord teration and bormone supplementation Dan Diabetes melende Weddine on 479 ·482 BALKEIT ZUD27 AMD MIDATON I PACHTER Lire Wmns Body mulut terhad Fiadlagt Organ ueights The curvey of tyn weight is body weight for animals of Seres A (fps 3 4 5 6) were nearly identcal to those of Series B (fig. 7 8 9 10) and quite similar to those described in the Uterature by Donaldson (24) und Freuden. berger and Hashimoto (37) Total puclear court (2) Kidney The propth curre nuntmals of both series showed a rather sbarp plateau in the mid-portion of the acttre growth perlod In Series A, this plateau ex cended from body weight 60 gun to body Whicht of Livelor) g 167 to to two to Kacey Wight Body Weight Tahsuri A From o Umer Wohnt Body Weight rm Adrferie A RDba Wight of One Money (mal 10ght of Liriam) 40 20 too to to so By Wire) Luty w Fart 3 Frare Kidney Wagh n Body Weight Wuh Rett-Serie A Kone World Body Write Weight of One Kidy (mg) We Owe key (mal WA 1 so bo do oo so do tho so soo ty Finn T Figury 4 ·NUCLEAR COUNTI I RAT MAN GROWTH 483 Kitary Weight Body Weight Wit of One Klonym) waght 140 gm for males (fig. 11) and from body weight 70 go to body weight for femala (Ag 12) In Seria B the plateau extended frova body weight 80 m to body weight 200 gm for both rexes (figu. 13 and 14) The plateau began at puberty in all four groups and ended ut en ago which had no obtlous physiologlcal dgniicinco (b) toer Females of both Seria showed growth cure which were quito smlar in shepo to the argen welght CUIT, and in which tbare 33 no orldenco of 1 growth plateau (fig. 15 18) Males of Series B showed growth Curve which Induded a sharp platetu from body weight 100 gm to body weight 200 gm (ilg. 17) whereas meles of Series A showed a growth curve which did not include a plateau (fig 18) This mu the only gualitatiro growth Bo to to zoo 0 300 boty ! Floun Lihrer Waight n Body Weight Femah Rati-Stres. 100 Totod Nedro Cound of Kidney n Body Wecht terles A 500.- Liver light (om) MiMont of Hucie per Kidney 20- 200 We bodo to do 40 100- Body Weight Here 9 too to Figure 11 RO Live High n Body Weight Hele de rob Total Nucor Count of money n Body Weight FenA 800- Liver Hotion) 100 Milon of Macho per kidney - to Dto sto do so so so 360 o zoo Bo Turun 11 Flon 10 ·484 JARNETT ZU OFT AND HOTTON 1 PACH Total Hockear Count of Karn Body Weight Robur 00 PAXT OLVIDENTAL MODIFT- CATIONS OF GROWTH All the studia in this portion of the prock wero aried out on animals of Sarles B Since the prowth platazo began at puberty It mu nuspected that the res barmode might be respondble for the pheDoCDON. Furthermore, although the app at the end of the plateu had to obvious physiological Henllcance it was postulated that i de 300 Dont of Node per Kliny Total theyor Court ohnt Body Watch de Mat-MA & 100 to 260 to do ty wwight hun 13 KOO Total Nuclear Count of kidney s Body Weight 500 lipome of Wraper Live 400 300 400- Waliom al Nucial per klanty 200- or 100- to MO bodo 10 so oo BO 200 do 300 Mgurt 13 Buty Wom Floor 14 TAN 1 Comin of the total com croche Ihry of onze wek my own 4 difference obserred between the Serie A wil at inum and Sedas Brats Table 1 which ummar tzes the total oudear counts of Users for muscle Me ht normal male nu af Serdes A und Series B HA hoho at different body weighut shows that tho Doclar counts of the livery of Sede Anita 40 JIO 196 460 111 of all body weights frog 40 to 160 pm Wero 01$ 17:05 dopificaduy lower than those of Sedes B 100 700 17 $18 IT rad the difference de ce dog us the col- 110 1070 10 mals got larger the possible beardlag of 100 12.0 1100 those differences in total nudler count on I 1370 137 the occurredo Or Don-occurrence of a pla 100 1520 3 1673 1325 tezu la the nuclear count prowth curre will be discussed later in the paper It sbould At nun adost Mud thrud e M N Ty TN be noted that where tbe plateau did occur the web en mi to amely In males of Serie B It began at Mul ett c d eckt word supru ( The puberty te kry nie rakter rart Mb) ·NUCLEAR COUNTI IN RAT OLCAN CROTTI 48.5 Total Mudhor Court of Lnrn Body Weight Foul Rut Hla. Bucco 100 400 We are 4 to to bo to Boty Whi ngur 16 Total Mochwar Court of Lernt Body Weight H00.- Rather B } 1000 100- Mo Huckner Line Cin of hormone recretion might be oc curdng at this time or perhaps I decrease of organ anceptbullity to the hormones effects. These postulates were tested us follomi lerge member of male ud fo malo rats were gonedectarnized at about 40 gm body weight, and then divided into to approximately equal group Group I entmal were followed up to body weight 300 gm without bumone replacement therapy -- Kets of four animals were Ad floed at body weight intervals of 20 gm, and Hancy weights and total nuclear counts were determined. Group II animals begun parenteral si barmone therapy on the day after operation, Dalas recetred a calculated Toplicensent dose of 60 ag af testosterone propionato dally u described by Mlescher Wettstein, and Techopp ("36) famales received calculated replace ment of 0 02 wg of astradiol benzoate daily u descobed by Mercher Scholz und Tochopp (38) - Rets of four animals were sacrificed at body weight internal af 20 grm, up to body weight 120 pm. Those antmus which currtved to the latter weight were then transferred to a hormono douro regimen con.disting of ten times tho por ows replacement dose, to reo whether the natural plateau could be artindaly prolonged Findings Organ retght. The widney and livet waghts of Group I and Group I nt did Dot diffa greatly from one mother ar from those of normal rata. There were mall differences which woID Dot conde tent us to direction in the urlous ago groups Total nuclear corento For both reret, in the core of Hocy and for male only in the case of liver austrated andals (Group I) aborted growth curves which Do kager manifested the plateau phenomanon observed in normal animal Hor mone-treated austrates (Group II) abomed plateaus which began at the Auto e os those of normal animals but which alled to terminate at the expected time persist lng Instead throughout the endre Hieperiod covered by these studies, Le up to 240 pon body weight Figure 19 depicte a comparison of the kidney puder counts for males: normalı, untreated austrata 400- todo o aso to sto Nan 17 Total Huette Court of Leer n Body Woo Woleh-bert A 200 2017 Meco Won Huch Lire 100. kurt % 40 NO DO NO Men 11 ·486 BALNETT ZUXOTT AND NORTON L. PACHTE Willkom of Hudd per Liver 700 000 Hercial and harmone-treated castrata Figure 20 depleto corresponding data for females Elle of Contratico and Hormone Tratoret The differences between normals und un Total Hector Court of LITT treated austrates were statistically dgnif 2400- Walatt fert 8 cant in all animals weighing 80 yen or more (P<0.05 in the 80 gm group and Increasingly emeller in older animals). The treatod castrates were statistically indign- WOOgulshable from normals in the body weight 10- ninge 80-200 gor In 220 gm and 240 gm animals the treated custrites had dgnifi cantly lower nuclear counts than the nor mal (P<005) Figure 21 depicts a comparison of the liver nucleur counts for malas normal 8 to us who bo zlo to Etfod Centro Horrone that Dry We Totd Macho Curto Kidney Floure 31 Hotel untreuted castrates and horroane-treated castrates. The differences between por mals und untreated castrates were statis Acally significant in all animals between 120-280 gm body weight (P <001) The 900- 300 gin animals thowed no denificant af ference between the two groups (Le. the Curre converged again to old rats). The 7 300 treated castrates were Hadistically indistogulshable from normals in the body weight mage 60-220 gin In 240 gm 260 gm and 280 gm animals the treated costries had dignificantly lower pudear count than the ho normals (P<001) Castrated females of 100 to ko so both Group, presented Iver growth curres Poty wie which did not differ significanuy from one Flrur. 19 another or from the curre of normal se malci Eted of Cartration and Hormone Tratament Total nuclear counts in contratar tried on Total Hudoor Cound of Kidney with replacement doses of hor OKI O 700- Martin the opposite kr (crossed hormone there apy To determine whether the bor mopal effects previously observed were specific for the isosexual hormone the fol lowing fudy was carried out: 16 maher and 16 females were gonadectomized at body weight 40 pm and more grenre placement doses of the ki hortDones of 100 the oppodte kex, beginning on the day after operation. Elcht males were sort ficed at body weight 140 gmind the other egbt at body weight 180 gm. Elght fe 100- males mere saarlaced at body weight 120 m and the other elpht at body weight % bo to bo to 140 gm Organ welghu and tow muclear counts were compared with those of nor Floort 20 mal animals and with those of ustrated WA Model Kit 100- om of Hudolphe Kidney CA ·MULLAI COUNTI IR LAT ORGAN CROWTH 487 mtoa recette fonctual batmane replacement therapy The Terlu are rum metra in tabla 2 and 3 It was found that, for bey replacement therapy with etiber kor mel of controuel hormone produced an equal restoratlan to normal of the weght and nudear corms of castrated untmals In the case of liter treatment of female austrates with mrle a harmone produced a growth curve like that of Dor TANLE 3 Compartion of the effects on Aldwy grooth of candkormone therapy and torul hormon teren 180 Mb 140 perts loo ooo d DE Ford por des 10 5423 Ceb, o tremt Carrata, bro bocmon treated Cutt, trobed with cromed bemann Komdum DUIS 700 .. 6 11 10 31. 310 315 24 10 pan at 140 und 164 Cartrit, do truitment Crato, ko bo non trated Cartrito tometed with cromed bormoner Maalim Imoutoul al voldet prong ilta-th vocht groot. Femela 641 91 617 w 434 JLO 312 310 710 603 004 610 JU TAPLE 3 Companion of the effects on Un mooth of crore her theme o hown hormon the 110 mt, 140 mm ruta det net met N be ndd roda ملع 1500 O 111 1700 Catata pula,no tramont Curta meln, med with crowd hoc Koppel fan Chatra pele, treated with lio-bagoon Monal 7.10 1400 10000 L7 7.405 1119 1070 600 050 11 1 8.00 0.1 11 1919 no 140 h Females 310 7 1500 61 Castrata coln, do truitment Costante cin, to-bacco trust Memal temales Cum male, trated wth con bormoon Moodles 109 1107 . 6.100 1200 1600 6.17 coso 140 1120 7.01 1247 110 Adotta I am ·480 LUCIT ZUMONT AND HORION PLHTER mal males and tretruent of male castrates aan welghts and total nuclear counts were with fcroale me harmone produced . determined and compared with those of prosth curve like that of normd female Darma antmals and those of castrato re- Or more accuratdy did not affect tho celting replacement hormono dore (Le prarth currt of the male castrates which 1/10 of the intensive dose) Nepils at was practically identical to that of normal thummarized in tablet 4 und 5 Tbe repudos females to begin with. It was evident that for female Urer mere omitted unico castru treatment of contes at dther per with tan produced no chunges. It was found the male per hormone induced lirer growth that the animals which recelrod Intendre typical of normal male Thus, the pognal hormone douage bad values for kidpcy and sex difference in Ilves growth appeared to Irer weight and nucler count quite strlbe related to the presence of androgen i lor to those of the other two group. This the male and estrogen in the female rather to septed that the growth curves up to the than to any sex difference to receptivity of pe u the time of wedico bad probably the Wrer cells to hormonal mul becz Amlar in other words, & predatore Total nuclear counts in castrates treated onset of the growth plateau had not been carly with intense sex hormone therapy produced. Stace Intense sex boonone therapy (ten Total nucleor coumt tn adrenalector times the replacement dore ) u ulo fed extraal To test the possibility that a to produce so artidal pralangattom of the non-specific effect of operation might hare growth plateau of the mudear count curte, produced the remulte observed in Custrated an attempt was made to induce prema anlmals, . group of adrenulectomized apl ture on met of this plentu by gring intensive mals were studied. This operation afforded bormone douto from the very fint, im 1A especially wevero test of the effects of mediately followlog cutration. Sixtett operettan, strice in addidon to the traum males and 16 females gonadectomized at lavolved, the adrenals normally produce a body weight 40 yin, were berun immed! vedety of pbydalogically active substances, ately on intepalve harmante doses 500 g among them amall quanudes of both male dally of testosterone propionato for males und female sex bormonei. Eight palos und 0 2 ug daly of estradiol benzoate for and eight females were bilaterally adrenal femaler. Hall of the animals were mat- ectamtred at body weght 40 gm and main fced at body weight 120 m, and the re tained thereafter by substitution of Lotondo mountag half at body weight 180 gm Or wline for their drinktog water No bor TALLE 4 Compartion of kidnt forth in memul catre Irrated with a molecont doors of Inowrna konon ndarater treat oth tamat down of bromenul lor non ma ole dila Lancer ct ann Eddy or by 180 mA mo di Me Het HT Normalmal 776 311 M Cartrita, trated with placetocat dous NA 210 Cutrita, treated with that does 06 301 304 Feman Normalfamulet 316 691 013 Contrate, tryated with repliendeot dorts 320 Castrate, treated with tattotre dost 540 27 73.5 They cabuta voru Elpatuchawidge. The true to 1 m boty Lyon rd tatt hen (it wo). An impian to bott 120 triglet 110 the cur ku rela me 1 ·XUCLEAR COUNTI DLAT OLAN QOWTH 489 na plicement therapy mu giren. Al 180 gm body weight (La 70-75 day of 16 animale wote acdfced ut body 180 gm. 2go) The operations were performed un Tiktory and liter weghts and total muclear der ether weathesta tag conventional count were compered with those of nor techniques and customary sterllo precau- Elintoals (tuhle 6) No dgnificant dif thont Far technical reasons tbe latt Hd biences were found between the normal ney po removed in each case. A prelirt od drenalectomized animals. nary study revealed that thero was no PLIT - KIDNEY HYPERTHOPHY AFTER significant difference (P >0.3) between UNILATERAL NETHBECTORY tbe weghta or total nuclear counts of the two kidneys (tuhle 7) Following Depbrec All tho studied in this portion of the work tomy the antimals were pubdivided into at airded out on antmals of Serie B A number of unboals were subjected to four groups Group 1 - controls (no tur ther treatment or manipulatlan), Groups podatecal nephorectomy at approximately II, Mad IV - castrated at the same time TALE 6 Commy growth to ormais, cetrato treated with more plecart downs of wachal korrow and austrate trated the tutrustw doter of bowenal kormone 16 grum ac Wapest o paola yer pet bra 100 pn och What 09 old mer hva Monal 050 IS 0.350 1319 HD 1319 8 POO 1320 Whatrat, trated with replicant doo Hala estrutu, trood with burada doo multa och pre tahta 6315 1274 1193 1067 theatrit down to the robots waht oul buqet had htpatrooped TARI 6 Comparison of ergen grooth ta normal and adrenalectombord rats Hala rub (160p) Tulent (130) mdat Huth cant d. o di Hoy Nba bdou peldoty Mamani Actorakectombord anbroek Klity 011 001 TO 318 319 310 Habari (11) pub st ra Tun (10) LOID och hrer N Liet Noul taula Armlectucated animal #159 416 1310 1301 7 403 7.691 1970 1902 to start ·490 HALNETT LOROFT AND HOTTON L PACHTLT nephrectomles prere performed; Group I Hanty hyperplade in both males and femu then mentalped without hormone males wu purely inhibitory Dudog the therapy Group II was dven dally replace pedod of life when the blocs hus fully ment doras of frosonal sex bormone receptive to harmoopal inhibickom om (50 vg dally of testosterone propionate and clear mulopucation namely the plateau 002 vg deily of extradiol benzoate), and period normal compensatory hypertro- Group IV was giren dally Intensive doser" phy aftor unllateral Depbrectomy com of Lour rex bournone (Le ten times sisted purely of hypertrophy without of the "replacement door'). Kidney removed nticant hyperplada Presumably at We At nephrectomy were weighed and the total stages before and after the platau perdod pudear counts determined The animals when fahibition of nuclear multiplication were permitted to rurytro for 16 days and mu dot effectedy present, hyperpleda 25 Tere then sacrificed. The remaining kid well as true hypertrophy might occur dur pey wu wegbed, and the total nuclear ing compensatory 'hypertrophy The pres. count determined Addis (47) had shown ent report contains no data which bear that 16 days was e paced idequato for directly on the latter patnt pendy complete compensatory hypertrophy a judged by organ weight. DLSCUSSION The data revealed a phenomenon which Findings bad not been described previoody The Table 8 shows that control nepłaec normal growth of the Iddncy to male and tornized apmuls oceluited marked in female nuts and at the liver in mula rau creare in bdney Preght, and no increase in (but not females) u ciprotsed by ruckar muclear count in these animals comport counts, mus attended by a virtual cessado atory "hypertrophy w due completely of cellular multiplication in the mid-por to truc hypertrophy in untreated castrates dom of the acttre growth perod, although the tocreire in organ melght us aren the malght of these orgias Increased to the Holly the same and there we a rooderato well known profreniro manner Casert but golf.cant (P<005) increase in total tlon ubollahed this phenomenon Lo the nuclear count, in these animals hyper Car of Hddey treatment of castrates with pluda accounted for a sgrlicant propor male or female sex hormone restartd it; toa of the compensatory bypertrophy the care of Ire only mue hormone had Supplementation of the custrates with me this effect. The experiments performed placardent doses of Isorenul hartones fuggested that Duclear pouldplications completely prevented any hyperplastia re ceased when x-hormone activity began, sponse The renulo with antendve doses and rormed when tt wared. The wanlag of ke hormone were indistinguishablo might be due to arte ar a combinadan of froTD those with replacement doses. Keteral factorti un absolute decrease in the Thus the effect of rosexual hormone on Amount of aradable bormone a reture TULE 7 Antu BO ty debt tut Um Hot Lot 40 440 2.00 3 LSO 100 40% 414 4542 490 120 183 113 115 100 112 107 123 117 112 119 PO 417 401 448 HS 300 250 47 401 17 18 19 340 245 2+0 175 187 HD 494 Art 133 41 449 813 There are for the richer as the need het Hy to wat weeth T 107 > 3).

·1 1.03 barmona mare equally effectiro Inblbitors Ibibitable by androgenio hormones but toute b merely I crtatement at the on pedimental finding rather than m explothoa, tbo ultimate oplomation is probably to be found at e cellular metabolic lore boring the Interaction at rex barmope w muclcoprotein und energy toetaboliem. NUCLIAI COUNTI IN LAT WGAN AROWTH 191 TAPIS Cytory Hory Jewertrophy to neb; cowperior of their wirlos aportandel our credit to the tut Wacht of 006 ar Hoor por bidony Hale A ponto (onlateral Dephrectomy) 700 316 Cootrol 1343 1 Cartate, atrund 1282 400 Cactus treated with replacement dorms of local hacmcom 1485 311 Cartmatu trouted with intrat downs of Loram bara 1106 10.0 Famalas At operation (umlatml phrectomy) 315 Controls 1030 Cuttu, untrand 0022 Centru trated with replacement downs of Lord hormone 110 Contato tratad with Intenstradores of Locorul bormones 019 Lo pod tvar a Anatole decrease in the amount of valable bor none u rerult of foccupod organ MA The renults of the arpartments in which Interstvo dotes of replacement hormone & decreased respondence of the target were given trom the first, following cut arm to hormonal stimull. The present thon, word of theoretical Interot It was stody atd not permita definito choice be been thero ponubullidos fmpontblo to produce any dgnificant tohibitory affoct on nuclear proliferation in There are several poolblo carplanation ether Hdney or liver before the timo at for the difference in growth behavior of which it was normally scheduled to occur 1 Femalo ltver tome mu refractory to da to offoct any dgnificant reduction of Inhibition by ether male or fanale o bor the magaftute of muloqr count that was normally obeerved during the plateau home Thiba poolbility wu diminated by period. The ruggested that the organ had the demongration that treatment of fatalo to be receptivo to the Inhilatory shmalus en enten with androgen produced a ple regardless of tho magnitude of the latter or dse do tnhibition occurred. Probably ro 3. The preteDco of estrogenile hormono lated to the mu the fact that male rits af a females prevented mdrogen Inhilldtion Sedon A felled to show any mclour count muclear multiplication. This pordhility pletenu at all. As wel połnted out in the Wus Dot directly tested ance Do Redes mu hoding the total nuclear cord of the rm with unaustrated femalo gtven andro Hren in mala at Serta A were malfarmly bomener It seemed likely in low lower than those of mules in Sadler B for the fact that estroganto und androgenic Ic003 which were onttrely obecure. Thus the nato of cytoplaan to mucid in nts of el poder proliferation in the nt bocs my gtrol ago was for higher in rits of Noclox multiplication in Hrer ww Seda A than in nb of Seda B At the apo when the growth plateau normally be- Dat by estrogenic harmonios. This, of gan (Le body weight 100 gm) the ratio of Airer velght to mudar count in malo natı d Sales B M 40 mg per milion nucle); the rumo ndo in malo nti of Seda A ma 6.0 Interestindy the nato in Series B male rats at 200 au body mocht u 7.5 thus the ratio in malo nos af Sede A her and broyi era phenomenon.

·492 PALITT ZUHOTT AND NORTON L PACATE which were at an age when the plateau SDUDUAAY Wu expected to begin, was the meme u the nato in male nut of Seda But the time Hyer to terms of total audiet contre- 1 Study of the growth of rat bdney and the plateau was expected to end This may well explain the fedure of a plateau to ap- Teded a prerloudy undetedbed phenart mon: during that period of a rat's life pear in rats of Seda A: If et pe postu Jared, a relattre decrease of available sex repented by the lociew of body welpt from 80 gm to 200 gm, there wu, In the hormone reruiting from increased cyto kdoey of both me and the liver af malet platm/cell number nato could causo a only I ceratan of nuclear mudplication waning of the Inhibition of nuclear pra despite a controlng increase in orgon Ilfcration it would be only reasonable that weight. Tho ceration of nuclear muldpt the presence of an unduly high cytoplasm cation began at the onset of puberty and cell nato at the critical age (Lo puberty) ended at an apo which had no obrian could prevent the plateau from appearing physiological slanificance. In femalo rad altogether These finding bad attractive the growth of the user in terras of both implications with respect to the problem Freight and total nuclear coumt wu steady of carcinogenida: It had frequently been Rad progresave throughout Wie. postulated that carcinogenesis entalls a 2 Androgenic and estrogepło baroner process of becoming refractory to normal exerted Inhibitory effects or nuclear mult Inhibitory stimulus Tho prennt reruits plicadan in rat kidney and were appar demonstrated concrete cumples of varde ently responsible for the natural centation don in locul receptivity to a kmalu to of mclear multplication plateau ) that hibitory to cell proliferation. Torestigation occurred during normal kidnoy growth, of the reason why Hvers and Idneys of So Hinco castration abollabed the plateau cod Her B raa betireen 40 and 100 gm body administration of pex hormones to cht weight did not respond to inhibition whillo trates restored it. This inhibitory effect opthote of older nit did, and why the res poured to depend partly on theme recepti nuclear count curves of Serie A mala de tty once it could not bo artically induced fered to standy from those of Sedes B cadler in life than it notally appeared. might yleld Interesting clues to the analo 3. Androgenic barmones were capable gous problem in carcinogenesis of inhibiting noclear multipticatlon to The results from the Kerles of adrenal liver whertas estrogenic bormoner WeTC ectomized Animals xboned that neither mat. This tahibition depended Importantly operative procedures por non-specific har on tono receptytty tn two respectes moual effects wer tho caute of the ob (a) It could not be produced cerkfer to texted phenomeno, suggesting that the ef Iue than it mu pormully scheduled to ap fect of androgen and estrogeo on nuclear pear prouferation was specific. (b) I the netto of Urer mass to three The effect of androgenic and estrogenic cei number was above a certain gure bormoones on renal hyperplads in the (Dot yet deady defined) the normal pligt animals was uniformly to inhibitory one. fological doses of androgen mould not to This wu lo agreement with the finding hibst mudear mittplication (thouga larger concerning the ser borroone effects during coses might have been capable of doing normal kdoey growth. The data showed to) that by altahle manipulaton of the expert 4 During the period of the animalt tule Dental conditions, compenatory Honey when thero w pormally a caussion of hypertrophy after unilateral tephrectomy mudear meldpucation in the Idney come could be made to result in a predominandi pensatory renal hypertrophy after wat hyperplastic kidney or a predominanus lateral nephrectomy probably consisted on hypertrophic kidney Exploration of the trely of true hypertrophy with no hypot Inevitable differences in phodological fuoc pestic component. Castration made ta beturen theme to types of Hdper ous with the unilateral nephrectomy IF might be rery Interesting especially mith sulted a marked byperplatek response respect to the question of which is more In addition to true bypertropy Treatment adrinti grous to the animal of the crited animals with toscrul 1 ·NUCLEAR COUNTI WAT AN LOWTE 493 buonos pucrented the hyperplastio com prot tom ppeadng LIZATUHT, CITED T 14 Womento Nephetis, Dla porta Trutnat. Vecmllen od Co, New York LKD . Drury and LLC. Brun 1838 porttithre mody of all powrth to mo tortes le ardh Pitt, 3-673. kes, LL, od A D Clinos 1950 The det domination of mut He Cant ce Buch101 31-333 Decs, LL. 1974 The Lat Wister Inst che Anatocory md Blolog Philadelphle. B, C Dm E L Hashtrooto 1937 un data for the directs of the banybody powth mdogo weights of the Youme ahtoo nt. Amer Jout Anat, 2. B3 119 Lottott, H. W 1944 Litost od daty motrin ou Hier cytoplom. Naturo, 154 107-700 Vilsober LA Wettstati od L T chopp 1936 The tothration of the male Ma bocoran... Dlothom. Jour, 30 1970–1978. Winche C. Bcbol od E Tcbopp 1039 Tbe utination of color born Bbocbem. Jour, 12. 1173-1240 Writy AE 1949 Pamamal camountation. hty A. E. ad L. J R 1047 Idated chromosomer Jour. Ca PhybL, JI 1-6 North, JJ Blanchard and C Poroloy 1942 Pepenonton of nut tror at different un Arch. Path, 34: 206-117 Petra J and R. W Conurd 1942 The report tion of Narron ADC. JOOL Photo, 130

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·for to-caled ord pruulze not Indo cholesterol and its cent. The con mod changes of the sterol granula tn the dirtittel dood of rabbit orci ro mored at nurlow time after gonadotropic dation. An additional objectiro of the the odto of the foteritidal gland calla propriae drool after Chifiche und Putt, precot legation wo to throw light on boat which there is comanable contro ay to the literature (rco refereuca in New Zealand plant white nbhd which The ually mature, bare bcon wrdd. Tbe udmals were divided into thret groups. The orida In the first group war from tros rubhu and were had to pudy tho Histochemical Studies on the Interstitial Gland n the Rabbit Ovary LARDUL S. GULAYA AND GILBERT & GREENWALD Dept of Obstetria od Oreology Uttrakty of Kaum Medical Crntor Koto Ko Besploytog poledzation microscopy histochemical nature of the pide in the a histochemical methods, Creston and Pikup (47) Identified cholesterol in the Interstitial cand. In the second group, the ovariei Tere remored at different threr (2 be borettogent sormile of the interstitial to 11 hours after the Intnrenous admin od ol the nabott orary They described Istration of 100 Lu. human choranlo gopa these promla u the stero granulae and peccated that they were the precursor of dotropin (HCC) These orades were und to investigate the mobilization of the Hpids toe mettre estroganto bormona. Claesson et from the Internal gland. Ovulatlan oc (4) ming blochemical techniques for plates have shown cholesterol (stored curred approdmately 10 to 11 hours after diely a cholesterol etteru), phospholipids, the fojection of HCG In the third group her phonpedindo ond beeldmat Patty cudod to mine the distedbutton and redu tho mato Hold cometituents of tho biental dand of the rubbft overy Ac plenishment of Iptds in the intimitat pland. Ovulation wus also induced in this entre out there wastano condotropic group by HCG Riministration. The the rotation, probably mobilitzes II the cho covery of agrs from the ovlduct u well as hond stored o precursor and coach the presence of corpora lutea were the dy to content of phospholipid greethy teria for ovulation. cettes This rttmulation also cautas. Tho fattver used for the histochemical wasted decrease in the residual fatty add Sent. The detailed histochemical nature sudlar of Ipild's included formaldehyde calctum with and without poutchromtag (Bakor 44 46 56) formaldehrdo-uline borted by Claesson and his collaboratorn. with and without postchroming (Baker Then the starter ero mutely directed towards 49) and 10% Deutral formula (te 54) After finition and rubacquent post present histochemical studio mero there chroming, material wu embodded in rela kt, undertaken to determine tho compood ano after Baker ( 48 49) The frozen gelatino sections were cut at 10 . The rections werd washed beefly in water and stained by the following bugtochelal techniques for ulde Sudan black B in 70% ethanol (atter Baker 44) ind in Bi (alted in Paune BO) for coladog lipida In general Nle bine rulfato technique for neutral and ctdic Uplads (ufter Cain, 47 48) Sudan II and IV Dethod for Deutt MATERIAL AND METHODS fata after Kay and Whitehead. 44 (dted In Pearre) the relatine - Sudan II and karabell, 58) lute con and the end, Jan L T Treh az orrot wedb Hettu Lotus Hind 499 ·498 HALDUL $ GULATA AD UT I GRUNWALD LA + Sudan IV method efter Gori 44 (dited in 1 Lipids in the extrou opary Pene) for Deutru lipide the Fettrot trows oreries fired la formaldehydocalmethod (as described by Paarse) for peu cum facraaldehyderline and 10% nett tral to acid baemateln technique foł trel formalin tad colored in Sudan black lowed by pyridhoc extraction control (after B the intendithal glandular tune to loaded Baker 46) for phosphallplde: Schultz with sudanophalo Upld droplets of ruloos method (us described by Gonor, '52) for Aires (fig. 1 2). The Janduler tave et cholesterol und ita exters mod pedermic the tunica buginal comparately add-end peracetic told Schilt techniques richer la roch droplets than the medallary followed by controls (after Peante, 50; region. The audepophilic Upld droplets Lule "54) for Uplds containing unsaturated Han blue black with idd bacmateto (de bands. Small pieces of fresh matedel mat 3) followed by a pegatira reaction ta yn Ilgo treated with cold scetone und cthanol for 24 to 48 hours with three changes of dicates that they captain phospholipids Hdine extracted material (AG4) This is ach of the solrents. After extractions They stalned deep pink with 1% Nite Blue with there solvents the material in each indicating the presence of Deutral Uplds. car ww treated with formaldehyde-ca! In 009% Nto blue, they become purple cum and dichromate-calcium to fix the indicating part acidio Uplds (phospho Holds that resisted the action of acetono Upids) Thetr deep armuge-red color with and etherols the frozen gelatine rections Sudan D and Sudan IV und deep pindah were prepared us wal Sections were red with the Fettrot method also tenu treated with various histochemical meth- Deutru fata (todglycerides). The intendity oda derribed above to determine the selec- of coloring with the red Sudan catarting dve polubility of different Lipida in cold reagents tad with the Fettrot technique de acetone and ethanol. For bevestigating pends upon the amount of triglycerides subatances other than lipids some of the present in these Upld droplete. This, the matedal was fixed to Carmoy Zenter and color vurdes between Orabrored and rede Bouin, embedded in parafin und sectioned revealing different concentrations of triat 10. For the study of RNA in the mato cerides in individual lipid droplets. The Hal fired la Zonker and Caroy the methyl largo droplets wca to contato more tegye green/pyronin techniques (after Jordan edda then the small oper, and Baker 55 Kurmick, 55 (died in When the Schultz test is appiled to read Pearse) followed by control sections treated tine sections of material fixed in formalde 'with tochlorucetic acid after Schoeldos 45 hyde aldur or fomuldebydo ualboe.com (cited to Pearce) or hydrochloric acid after 10% neutral formalin, the sudapophilic Dempty et al. 50 (deed lo Pearre) wert lipid droplets of the plandalur dette op uxcd Toluldine blue method (us derelbed pear w blue green bodies of various para by Pears) wu uso employed to the Rudy the color of there bodles fades after pompe of RNA with the above controls. The ume. This positive reaction further reveal periodic add-Schiff technique after Hotch the presence of cholesterol and to enters ins, 48 (cted in Pearse) wir used for the la the Upld droplets of the Interrudal demonstration of carbohydrates in the glandular desue. Ther Schults poolihre It matedal fired in Canay Zonker Bouto action docs pot appear in material o and weak Boun (efter Baker 46) with tracted with acetone showing the solandity Pyridine artriction of cholesterol and its enten in teetode Aftor scetooo extractions, Forno phoopbo OBSERVATIONS Uplds condisting of ma wpld droplets.com In the rabbit orary the interstdal gland time to pentat al revealed by their poder ulur issue is extensively dereloped and reactions in Sudan black and roll Occupies of the only except for the ex haemtein ad thetr blue stata to Nde tremo cortical portions which cansdtuto blut. The large Upid droplets at com the tuntes atupne and which contain pletely disealsed to acetone. soal falldies. The coopectre done t Aller ertruction to ethanol, the material poorly developed and divide the pendular of the Upld droplet is completely removed Ossue into lobules of rarlow dra (1) as sborn by their nenotre rection to the ·kuplets, however do not enter the lumen diere comuus roduction in the droplets that remain in the Interitidal pand continue to whom podtiro reactions torphospholipids triulycerides and choles ed ind Ib tren By 8 houn attor HOG 11) The Upid droplets which art in THE INTUSTITIAL I AND IN RADBIT OVULY 407 Tubos techniques used. Simllady after premont, react positively for phospholipido godine extractions, they are completely md tudtycerides. However the Schultz potred u rerealed by their absence in podttre reaction is very week at this stage Soden back B preparation. There malo and is seen only in the lipld droplets of cer Hoy texts indicate the complete lipid na tan outer reglame of the ones which in twee of the Wild droplets of the Internatiel All och in them. At this stage the ageredod gations of upid droplets along the wood The sudanophilic lipid dropleto give a vesele aro very conspicuous (fy 12) In rod purple color with perforink add rabbits Willed 11 hours after gonadotropic and percetic acid-Schiff methods, falowed stimulation that is more or lap cambu Deputte reaction to control rections treted with lotno water 1 plete depletion of lipld droplets from the reCONDmended by Lilo (84) Thetr podtive It cells of the interntidal gland (ig. 13 ection also does not appear in material 14) Hovrover romo sparse upid droplets treated with pafonotc acid and pericotic are still prezent. There remaining lipid add mepents containing to hydrogun bodlas react positively for phospholipida prudde (I-IHO "54) These reactions in (fig. 15 16) and tddyceride but not for events that the lipids of the rudanophilic cholesterol and its eaters revealed by droplets oro comparatirely maturated. ther completely negatire Schultz reaction. Nance of the methods need for the audy Thile indicates that 11 hours after HCG Innocletc acids and carbohydrates in pat lection, there is neady complete mobili recthoma stato the adapophlte drop zation of the lipld droplets composed of hate stitch do not reslet parufin embedding phospholipids Edglycerides and choles efter duatlon In Camoy Zonker and Boutn. tural and its citu tram tho Internal The cytoplum of the fater tidal pland cells dand. But cholesterol and its extors com b baxophilic and stains with methyl green/ pletely disappear from the Interrutlal pland toorn end taluldine blue technique, fol of oridia, in which there are newly rupbrowed by a negattve reaction in material turad folicies. The Upld dropleta that ag trented with acids ned for the extractions gregated along the dood venels during dRNA. This shows that the cytopdarm thar mobiltration from the ftaruddal contains ONDO RNA gland have disappeared to do. 2 Changes to Itpids of the estrous opar b. Potoo latory changer. The animals det oftor HCG administration & Preoculo in this group nad Hned 1 to 3 days after sory choupet. The animals in this group ovulation was todo.ced by HCG. In orurles e neliced 2 to 11 hour after the top of rublits, Willod one day after ovulation, esthom af HCG The Interddal cand to upld droplets and prevent (Ag. 17) which the order of rabbit Lilled 9 to 5 hours react podtively for phospholipids and d ther pomadotropho rulathom still cont slycerides but pegattrely for cholesterol appredible amount of adanophilic and the ostech Theme Denly formed lipd droplets (fig. 7-10). However the mobili droplets adse in the Ame lobulas of Inter tution of endapophilic droplets from the ottal dandular ter which wero de cells bus been toldated use coloco by theti pleted of thetr Hold droplets during the trepation along the blood vessels of the dolary region of the overy The' lspild after oralatka, tho Upld droplets in the cells of the Inter ddal gland are, mon or ance at much ovada treated with rurious the artrous ordon. The lipid droplet roct podstrely for phospholipidi, oddycedda od cholesterol and io atent With the Schulez test, the corpor lute of the halection, there further reduction in postovulatory onides used dro negative the mount of sudanophillo droploto (Dp ruction indicating the absence of chaler teral and its exto In them ·498 LAFDUL CULAYA AND GLJERT H. CUINWALD 3 Formation of inter titlal gland. The to be formed tran this luteinbrathon of the differentiation of the Internih gland hus granulosa cells of preatrum follicler. In been studied in the orare treated with Atretc Gruian fonide the theo Interna various histocherelcal techniques for lipide along with the outer cells of metabruns For this part of the Rudy the appeanoce minulosa are transformed to interridal of adenophilic Upld dropleto described in gland u evidenced by the appearance of the Interrudal gland ti of considerable modmophilic Upid droplets (4 1 7) value in determining the source of the in These lipid droplets which conds of phot terminal gledd cels phouplds and to gyereldes to start with In the present material, tira type of and of phospholipidi, inglycerddes and cho atrosta of the follicles can be distinguished. Jesterol and its ettery later an, are not One type of atrenda baccompanied by a present in normal follicla. degeneration and dissolution of fallides In the second type of atresta, which is DISCUSSION respondble for the formation of Interstdal Vedou hlatochemical techniques used pand the various elements of the fol in the preront investad demonstrate Licle become luteinized, depending on the the copuiderable doveloproent and death stage of follicle developinent at the two of matke changes to tbo Interudal good of latetoizetan Both types of streda which the rabbit overy In extrous ovirta, the affect the soul, medium and large lot Interdital pand is Alled orth fudenopatia Udles wem to occur at all stages of the Upld droplets of various dres which corr anal cycle The faterstal gland Origt plot of phospholipids tercerides end Artes from atrotic oogonia, granulosa of cholesterol and the extent which are com preadtrum arrette fonida and the theca partirely unsaturated. The large lipid Interna and granulose of atrede Greaftan dropleta dorolre corapletely in acetone bc. fallcles in the adult nbbit ovary cause of the presence of triglycerides and In the amulet at adult rabbito forno cholateral and its ertert along with phor atrette oogonia are transformed into in phoupida. Sirlady the upld bodles com tertinal gland cells by the formation of stor of phospholipids and triglycerides Ipd droplets in their cytoplann. For some dimaire completely fn acetone as othed doo, the atretlc oocytes contave to be by Gurnya 67 59a) in the oogenesis al Vidble in the tunica albugines among the birds, Caio (0) has uso stated that a mal other young oocytes (gr. 13 5-8); prad amount of td greerides will cause phosphoually they are incorporated into the main upolds to dissolve completely in acetone Interstidal glandalar there Simbady Such i posibility has been suggested the pranulosa cells of some preantrum by Loveto (67) Here the problem artes stretic follicles are seen to store Lipod drop why the mall lipid droplets which also lets in their cytoplasm (Agr. 6 8) Initially contain phospholipids triglycerides and lipid droplets er spare iod they react cholerterol and ius chen do not loose their postavely for phospholipids and total poc propbolipids to acetone It spooble rides. At a later stage (og 57) when that the amount of neutral poids lo the their amount to considerby Locround droplets its poonan that they are diapored they also react porttrely for cholesterol acetone without affecting the presence and its etters After this trumformation of phorpholipids. Such poshitty bas loto buter al land arch preantrum fol also been suggested by Guraya during his Udla, londed with upld dropleu, farm con tochemical studia on Upide in the oogene spocuous areas in the out. The one of ds of Hrda. There solubility tests Indicate such follicles domly reptes and disappear that the amount of different lipids (phot wbercos the tonap pellucidae pertiet for pholipids tridsoerides and cholesterol and a long time Soch Dewly formed treat of iu etters) harles in the lipid droplett ol Intensdun gud, located near the tuntea the interudal dand The present obrera albugince, contan comparidrely matt tions forest that the solubility beats for Upld droplets, than the old ones lying the selective extractions of different Lipoldt towards the redullary redon of the orary ate not rellable unless they are followed by A major part of the intereltal gland sectas historbemical staining techniques ·present tnvestigation) has been studied Claetion und Hillarp (47) By using Wocbealal technique Claemon and his colorate (Clacton D cztalury Hilarp tod Hoberg. 48: Clae yon Hillarp and Hodbery. 33 Clectson 515) Hated that the applied gonadotrop c stimulation probi mobitel the cholesterol toned as PARCOTXT and canchi ndy the amount of phoxpbaltplds great increases But the Porcat observation indicate that the phot phobiples and tridycerides of lipid droplets in die loterdtal gland also show e para kitodoction in their Unount The Increase TII INTIASTITLAL GLAND IN RABBIT OVATY The bold droplets of the present Investi. in the amount of phospholipu pirma lre Idental with the Herd gran biochemically by Cleerson and b bentibed in the rabbit orary by orators 1 posebly due to the al Carpom ind Hillarp (47) Clicca of more lipoproteins in the overy (542) using Sudan black B also described gonadotropic soulation. The a the sterdd gunuls of his previous in- phospholipids of these lipoproteios com Testipation us pla granules. With polari not be demonstrated with the histochenbadoo optial and histochemical methods Ical techniquer employed. With the tech they (Claesson and Hillarp) demonstrated niques employed in the present paper it colesterol or some related sterol in the ts difficult to say what role the Hold drop gropa. In a further study Claesson et lets play during ovulation but it is dgnifi 1 (18) employing blochemical tech. ant that they disappear from the Inter you for Upide, recovered cholesterol stinal gland Cotton and his co-workers phospholitick, acetal phospholipids and (references in Cirereon 34.) have reresidual fatty toids from the rabbit ovary peatedly rated that sterol grmules act as According to these workers, the fource of precursors in the formation of estrogenic these different lipids is exclusively the inhormones. Howeru Claetion present no pertal pand Ance they removed the evidence for the formation of citrogenic brper Grufian fallides before carrying out hormones from the Heral granulae in dhe blochemical malyal. The present ob any of his paperi. Keration bave clearly revealed the histo- By employing physkcochemical methods, dheidkaal nature of their moalled steral Hillard et al. ('83) have recently conmonlae or Tipid granules in sttu. It duded that the interddal tone in the cannot be determined whether the fatty preovulatory rabbit Ovury is the principal acts described by Mucnon et il are do pite of progestin syntheds The rise in the med from tho trdycerides seen in abuprogestin content of ovarian veln effluent present histochemical after coitus or injection of HCG has been attributed to increased synthesis mother Ahor treatment with HCG the lipid than the discharge of tored hormone. droplets, which consist of phospholipids From the present studies on the lipid triedycerides, and cholesterol and its estens changes in the preovulatory as well u From 10 to 11 hour after the injection of tre depleted from the interattial gland. postoulatory Ovartes it appean that the Hored cholesterol and its ester in lipid HOC when the large follicles have rup droplets possibly are the precursor for the pred parsely scattered lipid droplet are synthesis of progesterone and 20 hydrosy en In bome portions of the loter pregn-4-en-3-one reported by Hilliard et à del pond, adjacent to the tunica albu In the current study the significance of Dnea. There remaining lipid droplets do the resociation of cholesterol and its client cootain cholesterol and ius esen Sim with other Ifpids such us phospholipids and burly the mobilization or depletion of triglycerides cowd not be determined The erd mamulae (Updd droplets of the experiments of Hammond and Vanball (25) demonstrated that pregnancy wus fnt rrupted in the nbbit after extrpation of the corpora lutea This punggeus that the Interstitiel tiroue by Itxef unable to release muffident harmones to maintain pregnancy At tbe present tirpe no func tion can be usdgned to the preotulatory furre in release of Lipids from the inter dal cand cella During tbe present histochemical Audio on the rabbit oraries to types of atrena le degenerathe area and (2) luteinised atreda, ha e been loontled. Kadger and Leatbem (56) using histochemical techdance by the methods.

·PLATE 1 DYLAN T100 Toneta Figure I und 2 ore micropbotourbe from the section of troos orales tred to formaldehyde aldum, post-chromed in dichromato-cat dam und colored with Godig black B 1 The laten da gland (IG) which is loaded with pod drophete, n amined in the form of lobules and be well oryantred. The tanku Japnea (TA) which contaba pormal ooroala (NO) pormal pro antrum folicia (WPF) and more lutentned ooponla (LO) POTAS DATOR OD bort the 10tentu dend (IG) In the mikrophotomoph. Do the Wilde of the moletophotograph are the thert Dd Dulon cells of latentrips Gruben folck (LOT) 3 Highet poros vw of the point pond x 878

·YLATE 1
THE ATT HUSTLIAL CLAND IK RADOIT OVAT
kr. Cory and Cullert & Growd
NO
NPF
-TA
LO
LGF
FIG

·PLATE 1 POLANATION or non Firure 1 and 1 are m toplotographs from platne section of entrout orale deed to formaldehyde calctum, post-chromoed bo dietromatea! com and colored with Sudan black . 1 The Internal and (IG) which is loaded with Irpeld droplets, b erran.pod to the form of lobaker ind ko well organized Tbo tuplaa Ibogora (TA) which coolatu parmalooponle (NO) pomal poo pertum faticles (NPF) and some luteinbred ooponta (LO) forma narrow rone bors the interdittal dand (16) In the picrop boto mipb. On the left side of the microphotograph the the end Minulou cuts of lotet dog Grunban folick (LGF) 66 1 Higher power them of the Interdital pland. X 175.

·TT DILANTILAL CLAND IN PADDIT OTARY
Com od Dot A Gironald
-ТА
-IG
GF
9:
TA
IG
10

·PLATE 7 DIPLAATTOO no Fun 13 d 14 m okrophotograph from relatie estions or od parpered # to Agare 1 und 1 Ornet nett Noored ten boun and 10 minutes the tbe bojection of 100 10. HCG 13 At ten bours and 40 mimit fter ponsdotropas aulacion there #mare la cospleta depletion of lipidld droplets from the Inter gudal gland. However orde per dy scattered lipod droplets are ll present. The loft upper corner of the microphotocraph show the spot from were the follicle bus ropared. Sopar Jusented ooronis a well as normal ooponta are present to the tanti albe ne (TA) X da 14 Hlyba power www of the Internal pard (IC) und tunk dan (TA) abonime spartely mattered pled droplet which he helt behind in the Intrattial dand I ten bount and 10 min ky foondotropic shalation X 175

·TE NTTUTTIAL OLAND R RADDIT DYARY
Li Can Toort Gold
YLATE 1
-ΤΑ
-IG
1
ΤΑ,
print
1
14

·PLATI. PLANARON O roul Fiform 17 und 18 in the mikrop bocorruptos troca portorulalons ouenter prepared at Agres 1 and 2 Orulaboo wa bidaced after the doo Atration af 100 LO. ECG. 17 Cose data orolation, come sew Lipled droplets are forrord to the um tatarttul deod (IG) that mu depleted of te liptd dropleto during orulation. The corpos lutrom (CL) also contato or lpld dropleti. X & 1) Thru dari atas oral thos, about the replenjobpent of Lold drop lets in the fatorrddal kledd (IG) As compared with the touendua) pland, the corpus luteum (L.) contain ay little pomy of Ipad bodies X 08.

·L.LE DRITIAL OLAND DY RANIT OVARY
HUL Oto un albert I Grand
FLYIL
TA'.
ΤΑ .

·522 LLOYD E CHURCH AND LINT C. JOHNSOY observed the celle, und Tomoe (1859) by Johnson (1863) while the cellular de first described the function of the alls that Kouliker (1873) named and estah. parable gudles of the chick dier hatching tale here elaborated by Fel (25) Com Bished as osteodants. When Wallf (1869 irere canded out by Wolbach and Hegsted 1884 1891 1892) and Meyer (1887) (52) 11 a control for other work. Recent polpted out the relation of the form of bone to its function it become clear that epipheral growth plate transformas lato met trements of the rate at which the there bene cells here the engineen of the constantly changing architecture of bane. bone Tere reported by Sisson ('63) for rabbits and by Eeg Larsen (50) for rats. Quier (1658 1667 1689) and Alicemen The Ant observations of the rate at which (1867 07 124, 12b) began the batte of the periosteum and the less spectacular osteociat destroy bono pero made by Indiridual osteobluru produce bone and discussions of tho todosteum. Oller regarded the periosteum as the source of Sandison (28) and Kirby-Smith (33) cells that could produce new bone und who used rabbit car chambers To fully fatty MRITON U capable of the production understand the cartilace cell physiology of bone darue. Macewen, on the other that proceder endochondral bone forma hand felt that only boue Itrell wus capable dos, ts necessary to measure the size of of productng more bone. Both recognized the cell at each stage of los duelopment the epiphyseal growth plato us capable of and to know hot much matra se producing a great deal of bode pery fint such studies relatos individual car dated with each cell at each sage The rapidly Much of the disagreement concernlag Wege cells to their mata were reported the atroyenetic properties of periostcuts by Saal (80) in studies of articular nas stemmed from the fact that the pertosterma tione was astumed to be the same at all times Changes of the growth Canuage are and under all drcumstances. The perte dupilcated by the aruculas carare in oleum was the structure that could be productos endochondr. bode of there is directed from the surface of the bone and an eppuyais. Articular curtare also con was defined in terms of lus gross structure, tributet matedals to synovial Mud The umally without attention to the micros. first to recognize this dual bebas coc of copic detalhe. It us pot realized that 10 8 articular caruleg was Ogston (1676-78 yowag animal what wus lifted off was perl 1870) who pointed out that articular cas Doleum was by no means the samo u tlage grows continuously sillag rise on What mas Ufied from an adult bone us bany surface to new Lone although at " Manipuladons of pieces of this vadable a much lower rate than the coupłysal pedostcal material under different dirum growth caruslare iod that it continuously stances and in animals of differem uses abeds tha gurface layers to the sound war presumed to supply proof of what spect in many long bonet of the chik parucular cells could do. Prerampilans a angle carulagloow end piece fertes as of cell behavior wad cel actory from purch both the ankuar cartilage and growth data are of coure untramunted without carulage jer they can be distoguinhed by serial microscopic studies. Although mi their histologic detail. Slace # is cast to croscopic sudes were prepared they were obtain a curately duted spechupendol oor Interpreted without the realization that a stage of chuck development, detailed rud cell doct Dot remain the same throughout it were undertaken at the rate of growib its uro cyde The spindle thaped cells of of the humerus urd of the la the fibrous layer of the perloticum may MATERIALS AND METHODS become the plump osteoblastic cells of the Inner Layur us the bone grorla diameter The study was carried out on a strain or is tetrated for repalm of a fracture of chicken produced by crossłat new (Pdichard '58) llampshire male mità a Barred rock fe Accurate information concerning the male This strain has the adranuse of developmental rates and mung of bone being earü used du hatching, since al pronth in the chick embryo was supplied mates base a mbile spot on tbe top of the ·HOWE OT LONG BON IN THE CHOCIEN 593 bed while the females are completely and the length of the alciiled what could Heck be meanred separately Individual and meral measurements of X-rays of Uvo chicha were taken by total body wrelght and of length and dam plecaj them in a spread eaglo position on eter a long bona were made on 680 thebr backs and tylng them dotyo to a pleco leb of various uses from three day of of wall board with their limbs straight and cubation to 60 wecho atter hatching in contact with the board. An 8 X 10 Growth-rate meanirements for the pro Kodak Blue Brand Medical Alm tn. curd hitch stage pere obtained by reciclag board assette was placed between the 180 fertillo eggs, ton each day from the chick up the well board Tho chicks third to the treats-flast day of incubation. relaxed when securely thed fo that excel The rock so were dumped, cut, and lent Alins could be made. As a result welghed. Embryou were directed free me iruremento comparable to those of dis Metghed, und rruyed Long bones were rected bones were poseblo on the hudiorected, moarred directly and ereyed merus ulna, tibia, Abula, and metatarul Growth-auto meanrooents for the post bones, and madal determination of bane batching slapen were obtained from 420 Length and diameter on individual birds chica. For statistical growth curves ton could be made. males and ten ferpala were sacrificed daily from batching through the first 21 ODSERVATIONS dogs. An additional fire males and Aro Figure 1 shows the nato of growth of females were x-rayed daily to determino the chickens by reight, agure 2 the rate fromth curves for each of the ten Indivlt. of growth in length of long bones and tal birds daring tho ume 21-day period Aguro 3 the comparable rate of growth in Growth rates after 21 days were ob dlamnotar of the midsbuft of these banes Lained by sarlal Individual 1-ray Metaire- Particular attention wu directed to the ents on 30 additional birds taken at stages of growth during the first three weekly tatervals from three through 16 meek. Figure 4 is a composto curvo based weeks at two-week intervals from 16 upon the Romation af mourement al through 24 weeks and at monthly Inter 40 chickı, arcridced at the rate of Are ouch rus from 24 to 60 weeks day for elcht day. There mu a uniforma Fire male and fire female ono day-old and regular skew to the curre between chicts each had pen placed in the mild the Afb and math day for each of the Huult at one humerus for mesurement of bones measured, Norurementa fron no dicenual growth to length at the two Hal daly x-ray of individual chicos plot ted in rigard 6 and 6 demnanstrated no Thirty chicks mero injected tatrupert how To cladly this dicitpancy every boreally with 5 ml of saturated solution Individual mexsurement for each hurutrum o altzarin red S tn 54 glucose and Hert Tus plotted in iguro 7 and the mights sed dolly at dally intervals to deter srere amberly plotted In Agure & (corn ning the wount of growth at each end poste curve) and Agure 0 (Individual of the ibla by measuring the amount of welghts) It mus dear that weight and bore added beyond the altzain itse. This bodo growth cares for vodous chicka was further checked by direct measure were almost Ldontal during the first fire bents to exch end from the medullary days and that after the sixth day a wider opening of the nutrient canal range of variation developed betwett Inklessurements for determination of dividual chicks. This mu not related to Rex because reparate curve for toales und ter of growth stere made directly from female pire the mano malas duted bones from their arayi and from man of the live chicks Thash vench lleagurerbenta mere made Hrectly from Dr. Lubone D m of length and mklshaft dameter by A Laraw nim unud Rumun SAS box a Botey gauge that could be read ta mouth We en wider DC 01 roma From the xray the total length code.

·624 LLOYD L CHOCH AND LAT C. JOIN POR OUT 2000 Koy - Do ע 10 ម FI Growth of chicab wdght Mon loor bodes of these birds shared osofication enter at the proxtmu end of no secondary center of asdication. Ex the metataran was discernible a day or o ceptions homever were the produel end ufter hatching and the promth pare doned of the detatartus and the prodal und at 18 meks. dotal ends of the abia. In figure 10 are The rite at which ach indsdua) tracop of rms of the humerus ohie, growth plate add to the length of the and metatarkus. These short the appear diaphreds of the humerus ubla and metaance add yotrth of secondary center of tani is shown in igare 11 To figure 12 osalication. In the tibie a potr of second growth of the modus at the midshaft of ery centers appear at the distal end at one the bone and of the medunery coulty s meet and the tito became fund foto . charted stogle center by len preeks. The prowth plate closed at 14 weeke At the prodoa! DISCUSSION end of the tibia a secondary center of When the curter of sgure 1 and 2 odstication appeared at fise meets and the There compared with the dmdar cunts of growth plate dosed at 18 week. The hy Littmer's (27) white Leghorn chicken merus on tho other bud had no fecond It became apparent that the New llamp ary osadication center. The secondary shire Barred Rock cross used in this study

·QOWTH OT LOND BONES IN THE CACON
525
u
DUOUS
10
HULT
HDT.
20
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Fc 1 Grorth to Learth long bone.

·528
LLOYD L CRUCH AND LIT C. JOTECO
kratins
HADE
LUKS
HOUS
!
1) o
+
3
TO
r
FLE 3 Growth la dameter auldebert
2 2 som har shorter heutler and le & generally betler
more rapidly maturing band Boch malet hast no secondary centers
and females of this sudy areraged 500 m bony epiphytis in any of
heaster than those of Latimer and they despite the fact that P
matured with plateaulng of the curre four posted ºn the epiphis
to Are cel carllet at 15 to 18 mets of the botarpus
The tio strains are compared in table 1 tae Latimet de
Both strains thownd the most repld rate histle on QTD
of both in length of long bong during and game I 1211
the stree weeks and attained a stead of ocadon
consant tale between three and four of the kimetus
meel
and Carsortetat

·GROWTH OF LONG BONT IN THE CHICIEN 627 0 HUU UNA Au TLA NDDU TATTI 1 3 4 6 7 1 3 4 7 CAY XY ALME X Y DOS CID OROSI MUUTINOT PE 4 Arep boce prowth - An chicken per day Work In 1 Pour TILA Ttrintattoo opowth thal weight TABLE 1 Lahe of growth in Longth on home but preparations and adds that with the a ceptions mentioned above the epiphyuls 3 N 14 valus did not only independently of the dla New Haryabro pogule. It appeared to be her vior that Lacbotn Lamed lock Lahar) Anco the cartilage end plece differentiate . well-defined belt of cartdage having 4.7 pomwick 5 mnt/ wtek the histologic atructures of the Interme- 3.0 m/rtak 8 m/reet diato cartilago that perist between the Lo memek Ilreek pufmary and secondary onlication centers 5 Meek of the mammal, this structure should be 20 olda called an oppbyde 16 wetu Contudon seems to stem from the phylo LL 1500 p genetic Interpretation of chick embryology and from artendon of the terms for the mammallan secondary center of ouifica Dent that there mu no dotal epiphyads to thon to thone chicken bone that do not the metuarul and that the two ep?phyrer hard Rib centent This comfoon could ut the lower end of the tilda fared to form be avoided if the term cpiphyds (usin stoglo epipbuie Feiro (25) decu on BNA nomenclature) to restricted to the of uylan epiphytes wu somewhat equt secondary centers of ordBerdon at the Focal while acknowledgins Parrons re ends of long bones, while the histologically port, be added that Porno believe the characteristic belt of aartllare respondble Independently od tylng uructures at tho for growth in length of long bono 1 Lomer end of the uhlotarus and upper end reforced to u the growth plate. As Fdi of the turfometatara. tre tused tartal Indicated powth plater rete peremt clements not true cptpbynet She saated the ends of the long bones but as that in mort erlan hoog bones the epiphy. Parrom Indicated, there were bo true so was all remains artladaoui md epiphyra on the end of most artan bones. could be disetogolshed only in histoloske Furthermore whatever the phylogenette ·508 LLOYD L CBUICU AXD LERT C JOHNSON . LLLLLS OROSO MUMLUS o MU MTOM, 21 DAYS autong ! 1 2 3 4 UYINI DO 14 IS DAN 1 DAY n. 6 Growth Indiaal Lopes from world arty Interpretation may be a anglo cartilage Tablo 2, showing the embryonic mas model that develop an outled dlaphods of bone forraadon la the chick, my CODwith a secondary center of Ossification in structed from the summary of the Utena the cartizginowe end of the model, kepa turo presented by Romanoff and Romanoff rated from dlaphy by a growth plate (60) Condropened began in various becomes an epiphyols. bone anlaget betteen 5.3 and 8.5 day of The sedal xny of this present study incubation. It took 20 to 58 days to con clearly demonstrated (as thown in the plate chondrogeneals with the earlier an. xny trudag of de 10) the appearance Lagen progressing more slowly to that all of a secondary center of osdicadon in the cartilage models were complete at about upper cad of the metatarul (tarometa the sume dme. Erosion of the roodel began tural) and upper and lower ends of the centrally at ten days and crtended through Ubla (uhlotarsal) bones and only these tho middle abird by 15 days and the mar bones separated from the dlapbeds by TOT Arthy occupied two-thirds of the shaft prowth place (histologically redited) which by 18 dan Erosion lagred so that af rubsequently closed as the epdpbyes be batching a rather larse cone d unscaldbed came fused with the diaphysis between cartilage staned the metapbysis at each 14 und 18 weeks cod. The klox xequence of this will ·OVT. OT LOYO ATI IN THE CHICILY D 0 3 HUMADS OD the door of the final disappearance of the is day after hatching ulo consttuted a 529 FL. O Growth In legth from wel ziy obeerted in the present study so that the The behavior of the metaphyseal code code of the long bones ut batching mere of cartilage, u derulbed by Parsons man- Alled with long cone of calcified car Hested by Incompleto cellular hypertrophy Mage This perdged utl the fifth day failure of aaldication, persistence, and de after hatching when resorption without layed resorption, could be correlated to pelor caldication became active By the time with the behartor of the yolk sac, u twenty first day after batching the cono been to figure 13. Breasurements of the u one and the growth plate became roll so welchts of these chicis correspond comparable to that of the mammal. De repemally with those la the summary of tpite this characteristially asian beharlor a well-orgentred histoloska torth plato ranoll. It noteworthy that wetter was present at the base of the cone by the sorption of the cartilage code bepan, at sateenth embryonic day reparating the articular cartilage from the metaphyseal talk at about de day The Art free aurlare cone - MULLOCS - LEA LUDUS -- DA THE LONG, Autor 1 DAY 10 II DOUWDTP ·530 LLOYD L. MUCH AND LMT COUNION 24 x 2 Pomen + B $ 14 www. 7 11 HMDU I DAY . 4 3 3 1 Fls. 7 Indikatual length of breath period wben the chicken mu relatively related to the end of pork mac metabolism uodisturbed by temporary lack of food and and suggested release from yolk control water (as in shipptas) Duriss this period Furthermore as seen in figures 5 and 6 growth rates were strually uniform, with the key was not found in veral studies kabt individual variation. Furthermore, of the bones of Indir dual birds Since no entoride changes hure been reported the growh rate scauerpram for indh dual during this period by Romasoll und Ro. bones (fig. 7) began to spread out after manoft. Since the cartilage come tes pret the skett It was interpreted as due to the ent from the beginning of medallary carity Appesrance of indiaidus variations resalt formation undi the yolk mc diappeared, ing from the cross of the two breeds The this temporary Donmammalten bebustor dralar skem of the fatsebcal curre for of the cartflage may be imposed by the growth in welphi with a wmilar spread in special very high stered and phospbollpld be kalterpam of weishu after the eighth metabolism of yolk Outdoon. day Rupported this interpretation as the The tew in the statistical nmonation down began to be replaced by feathers of punih rates for bones seen at fire to individual feather patterns and weight I days in figure 4 also seemed to be sariations became apparent As might be ·WOWTH OT LONG BONS DN THL CocIH 531 Ows 10 IN 10 - N KO ot 1 3 3 7 11 14 15 16 WOHTO V259 DAYS F18 Coupocte weight come in thret wtek. TANI 1 Historie of long bowi Donc bath Lead HSL Takde map of bome fontos 008-01 000-01 0.100.1 Adhurohtention with totatoes. Condemnation to skeltal mlap (kepth = 3 x wlad) Choodbattoo Cartiler cd byrotromby bestat rebention derelope Ortald both calcio lated Lamele de tudod bop qoder Chetus gpur to the path to become fotot porn Cartilen orfan begins to midtbatt Bope cytodos tods to bulbord 7- 0-13 025-03 0-10 0.5 -01 15 16 Cartile col becco Tanted the rope and prowth plate 20 Chic kitcbn. 11 ·532 LLOYD L CHOLCE AND LOT C. JOEXION to - LO . - DO PIVO 110 - ko - 40 - 1 - - Jo 1 6 . н 2 PAY nord-JME, SIMULA Fl. Individual welcbt. expected from the fact that the Barred the humerus, this and methanat bones Rock averages a full pound heavler than The summadon of each pair of curre with the New Hampshiro Red when mature. edition of the diaphyseal length at hatch- These obscrvations aggett that when do- log and of the cartilaginous or bony cpp! trdon is dependent on the yolk, it 11 unt- yas at each end will reproduce the curres form but after the yolk is gone, Individual for total bone length in gure 2 Table 3 vacations to the efficiency of digestion mus developed from the cutses by read absorption and assinledon appear log the malimeters of added length a The pomiry purpose of this study mus tained during various time periode. to determine the rates at which bomo Since the average prosth plate is 1 mo grow in length and diameter for Pubse thilek, the number of dan or bours te quent correlation with the history and quired for artdage to develop from the calculation of the nutes of performance of beginning of proliferation through caldi cartilage cells in the growth plate and of nation to degeneration may be calculated. bove-forming cells in the periosteum The For rapidy promlag ends Uke the opper rates of growth in length achieved by the tits und upper metalamual growth platet growth plates ure found in Agure 11 These the life span a turnover rate it from to show the rate of gromh at ether end of to three days. Comparable Agures far mo2 ·QOWTH OT LOND PONS N THE CHIU 333 HUMERO 1 DAY WITATAORUS PIDAY PAYS WIR HONDA SU ODNOMO CONDO TELA hours WERS DAY WEEK IN WHELS A WEB 20 3 WEBS 06 WEEKS WEEKS DAYS . 71 WELKI DO WEEKS WE V WEHOS 710 WEEKS 1 WX3 2 WEEKS "WEIG 3 WALLS 3 WEEKS זברג 7 WEEKS 6 WEEKS WEEKS WILS 10 WEEKS 14 WEEKS W I1 WEEKS SYTIMI 14 Witt 13 ww 12 W 12 Wer 7). W ACM OF WIONS 12 WOTE 4 WILS The 10 Growth todetal bones from model Iur ·534 LLOYD L. CHUICE AND LIT C. JOHNSON 171.. $ o UTE W MELA MI FOR THE . 2 HSTA NASA 27 HOT . BET ) . FH 11 Rate of prowth of bedridoul Growth Metal Intermediate-dred mammals are shown to that engender the development of an table 4 From a direct Inspection of the epiphyta CUITO It wus dear that grotrib plates usso Simlar data on the We span and turndated with a bony cpipboats gren both Oru rates of the corte may be calculated faster and for a longa droo than those from the cures of growth in radius of the without an epiphra This suggested that carter. Unifarm drumferential growth an increased nie of growth leads to TU Issured without remodeling Both the changes in the center of this cartilage mass outer diameter and the thicines of the ·CHOTTH OT LONG BONES IN THE CHICKEN 535 NOSALSA cortes were charted By maumuring the number of dan betireen tho Ano Internal and external Hameter of the cortez, tho Wife span of the piece of cortar was deter mlped us gren in table 5 During rapid growth the life span of the corter naged from one-half to three weeks. Once growth in diameter cease the Ife span would be that of the animal, unless remodeling of the corter occurred. FO NO HUS SULLARY AND CONCLUSIONS 1 Studies were made of the growth of long bonds of 680 New Hampehtre milo Burned Rock femalo strun of chickou from three days of focubation to 60 wecks after batchtag 2. The arlen Intramedullary metaphyr cal cone of cartilago perdisted until thx days after hatching and then gradually receded between roten and 21 dayı. 3 During the first week, the growth of chicks and their lang bones were virtually uniform; after this individual mutations appeered ΠΕΙΑ ) 6 12 Growth ta redtus of moldbart cortical door and many arty Thunen of curto TAKLI ) I created rate of most of mouth Parts Mate Houk Tomte Day on Prema petatorul 07 LS 4 3 25 11 1 70 13 -12 12-14 50 Durtal pettunul 28 10 15 1 4.6 7 111 188 Prostal und distal TV 4 25 1 73 10 5-10 10-11 33 1 Promy ubus 90 18 +14 14-10 13 LTS 1 73 23 41 Dotal abu 15 2T 1.1 27 1 +11 I+14 ) 111 Oturto a themel 7 dni plete the bar auth/tk Laetite taus ( lte MN) ·538 LLOYD L CHULCH AND LIT C. JOHTON QUO 2 D 14 MARTIAL ALCOH row MNCTION HOW ALL 33 H } YOU LA MOND 7 AVROW? - TUOHON O TOMANOFY XONANOTT $ $ 4 3 2 2 W 1 DAYS no- HAFON hosha nr 13 Rate of thaarption of your TABLE4 Rate of termoter of episkyreal growth plete Aptlar peck Crosta data net Dubrruit, 13 rebut ppa tiba 1.04 OY Lablaod, 50 8.13 0.10 uppatible uppe burocros 01 03 Oos-aut JA -LS 025-12 Pyton, a ple Herenle days me 150 days 03 Lore aina t 2 dore lower wint 180 dage Bharasd und Blopard, 35 0.7 337 Simons rabut, nat Lore femer 9 weeks sont fcroor two days 0.36 nat Ea Larsen, 50 opper the 14 wetu lomat dhe 1 weet ·CHOWTH OT LORO POTS IN TILL CHICKEN 537 K that conter denetton-heke L. Websweet and Hernal TIL 1 3 54 . 3 o 10 30+ 3 44 HAUS 0 3 3 6 10 38+ 00 10 3 5 30+ Tumor 1 22 mogg Snogg -993-9.org 1. 1.5 omno Omany 30 Metatarsal 04 17 43 6 7 + 0.1 0. 07 1. LO 20 30+ 4 Rosorption of Intramedullary corti Lero conce and individual nadadons in growth appeared after resorption of the roll wu completed at att den 5 A growth plate appeared at the bar of the tatramedullary cartilago cono at auch end of long bones at the diteenth day of hatching and perdited until the end of growth at 30 weeks after hatching. & True bony eptpbynes, Le secondary content of audication, developed in the pradmal end of the uncometatarral bone and the proximal and distal ends of the Hhlotar al bones. They appeared on after hatching and fused with the dlaptyds be twem 14 und 18 weeks of age 7 Bany epiphyter developed in thote bone ends that exhibited the most rapid ntes of growth to length. 8. The Ife span of the growth plate of long bones with and without cpiphytes wus calculated it ranged between i 75 und ren dans 9 The life span of the corter of the midshaft of the dlaphu nu calcuated ind found to range between 05 and fire dan during rapid growth. LITERATURE CITED Belchler, J 177de an account of the hopes of mala ben obered to nd color by Η- Dot only Phin. Tron (Loodoo) H 187 1735 A further account of the bodo of Andmal being made red by attorot oly ML Trine. (Londo) » Po-300 Blogard, D., and LL L Burud 1835 Lond tadtral prowth of long boo Arch for Chicero, 31 50571 Dubrrall, C. 11 Loop DC de oudert Hormitort, SIL Laccrocont Intentia Aadstaru dar los or long. C. loc. BIOL Perdi, 74 137 Duhamel, L 110 for the Dryptocat et Le Crue des ou dat Ant Ft. at Mem. had Lory Schoct (Pula) ISH370. Eo Lernen, M 1938 An opetoptal wody on Powth and reconds to the optybyul carti upont. Acta Phytol km H177 TO, E R. 1975 The Wrote a cartier and boon to the long boses of the coboronto fowl J Marph. ad Phritol, 407 417–456. Cennbert C1604 Uba dhe Bidet den Knochenpwebel Jau Zott! Med and NL Leyde Valipo What Lorebounn. Foli H2300 117 Iult Fal 2. DOG Goodete j ad ID Coorstar IH3 Anston lend Puthakkal Oberta dos Macha, Edberet.

·53B LLOYD L. CAVACH AND LINT C JOHNSON Haley, 6. 1737 Stathetical Exan Loodan Veli Haber 1750 Deux licmotres Le C thao das On Lautant, Swand 1763 De Pertum Corpora Hapoan!. LARD, Swerdland 1 75-241 1767 De Otstum Forsthott Chry Val & pp. 480-000 Hunt) 1772 Quotrd by Edward Row, Tramiction of Society for Improtect of ledicto md Category Knowledo Val , London 1858, pp 877-98 Johason. A 1803 On the development of the perio ride ad altan of the hand limb of cha chict. Quart J Lic. SL 21 399 412 Kirby-smith, A T 1833 Bone frowth other #coindatore bane tractare obrerred microscope atly in a trapungut chamber Introduced in the nbbit's ad. Am. J Anat, 53: 371-400 Kamhir A 16.9 Hundbuch der Gebelah der Menschen Ty Engmann, Lapud ard a 1873 Dlo Normale Racrption des do cbengeben und Die Bedeutung tot de Estate hun der Trache Knochenformen. Yopal, Lady Latt., H. B 1921 Portatal growth of the chickr adatonAm 3 Apat, 40-1-5T LeBlood, C. P GW Wokinson, LF Banget rod J Robichon 1950 Radio autographk to albution of bone facation to the nt die J Amt, 20 19 341 Wachen, T 1877 The ortognak lector lo the development and repatrof boor Amo. Suro 189 3:00. ZDO7 The role of the rulou element in the development and reportion of bone. Proc, Roy foc. Londoo, 7. 307-30. 1912Decodon on donelopment and crowth of book, normal and aboarul Baith Med ) 1912 The Growth of Book, Obuerto tons ao Outrogtert. Jame Machabar and 800, Canon Boyer я 1867 Die Architectur der Spanpou rechert and Dubade (Ed.) Arymoed. Arch. Apat. Phydol and WORD charticb. Nedir Othon, A. 1875-78 DA Artediar cartuart 3 Adat Pb qolol, 10 49-74 1071 Od the prowth and mortem of the articular ends oudut boce. J Anet. Phyutal. 17 503-317 ani L 1654 De La Production Artidote dai so Norte de la Transplantation du perlacto t den rette che. Comp. Kend. soc, dhe Bolt 145-18. 1857 Trolte apartmentalet den goede L. rtroenten det og at de L production arttidet doe to os vue, Vol. 1 MLDOR A, Pede 19 De 1 Cret Oscar Labor Arck de Paypal. Norm. et Picha 1 (wca 5) 168-100. Parhom, FQ.2004 Obertadoos oration epiphynt J Anet. & Phrt. 418-258 Intor C. G. 1833 The prowth ha leagth ! the lay bopas la the meddet ind pie Anal 04 414ALS. Potchord, JJ 19.38 The artrollert. Blo chemistry and Yaytolog a Bonke GI Boatne ad Acidente Pren, New York Corp. VILL Robins, CH 119 Sur de nomla tipicn delomata anatamkopas compt read. * Men. de La Bocleu de Biologie, Pirtt 1850 Tor 149 Tuble det Dove York 1844 Journal Tanat de la Moul. Bd. LPP. 49-109 Ramapod. A LA AN Romanon 1800 The Arlan Embryo The Nachlan Co, New York 1150 Elect a cerebre o del articular cartilage Acta Orthoped. cand Suppleprot 7 PP. 84 Sendigot ) 1978 Obuery tons on the growth d blood react us to the transport chamber Introduced to to the robe IT AM ADSL, 41 470-490 Simos 105 Expertental determination of rate of Longtudlon bon powth. JA! Tocant, 1 1630 PL Dorophical Tre unction » Roral society London Tomer, J and C. DeMarten 1853 Floraphi cul Trumations, Royal fochty London. Walbech Band D. Herend 18 Lado chondral bone growth in the chick ALLA Arct Path H 1-12 TOLLI 1860 Uber die Bedeutung der Arch tecture der upongko Bobeanz r dhe Frrrr ooo Knocturcheton Cootrat doned Winonch., 54 840031 1885 Das Corts der Transformation der tron Architectur der Loocken bel path doplachen Verindrungen der Inkten Knock cuar Berodactand d deck Gerech i Chi Lopt, 2-4. 1891 Debar di Tbeordo Knockca chmondas durch TTT metred Druch und der Knochenbildot dareb Drockealaton Arch. hm. Cute, 304 721 1099 De Couet der Tripulordu than der Knochen & Schwald Berlin ·Morphological Changes Accompanying Fetal Resorption in the Golden Hamster . . ILLAN STANLEY UDAL SODERTYALL Jloloft Darat. Uxxt of Oregon Tho resorption of thosues is a common commonly during the Anxt two-thirds of biological phenomenon. It may occur in restathan while pregnancies bearer term Hytne tives us durtag the loss of the wall are more often teminated by abortion. in the metamorphosing amurin, md 1. There are but fer account of the fetal typical method of disposal of dead but still and maternal changes that accompany attached themes. The proces probably rekorption. Morphological changes bavo differs greatly to these quite different stubeen descubed to the rabbit by Henderson atlona. Fetal resorption 1 generally char (34) and in the mouse and the Chinese acterized by the digtntegration of the hamster by Fortuyn (20 and 29) Corey deckchun, placenta and fetus withdn the (33) has descubed resorpttre changes in Oteru, followed by the absorption of the the Dear-term rat fotos ned by reparaproducts throagh the utertoe wall. In them from the matemal blood supply many cases a partion of these pubstances Our interest in this problem wus add- 1. discharged through the cervix. Thus nully aroused by the occurrence of sponthis proces prades imperceptibly with taneous reporptions to the senlle haroabortion This wu discussed by Brumbell sters in the local colony (Soderwall and (48) who stated, Turby All, "57) It 11 hoped that mcpho- "Both protector to post, I do an, loglial changes occurring during fetal ro amale, but were bortloo l the to sorption due to known factor maternal mont In monotocrocs Precios, beorption to the rule tn palytoros famous Moca bor ovedectomy may later be compared with than invalus the brp tettontson a peet thore accompanying the spontaneous re- Dywem rabearpho domu Dot, it sorpdons in the aged unimals betme quite frequent for peshhortne com beyou to ce which is deed to contro to MATERIAL AND LETHOD denelop mod purT to turn, the latter bould The inboals wod in this tudy WETO bo oł urte valde to mammals which Prodod meal to birth. from a colony of golden bunkten, Meso criceto atratus Waterhouse that has Fotal resorption has been reported to been maintained by the Biology Depart occur lo many mammals, including the Luent of the Unterdity of Orepon Ance 45. Opossum at mouke putnea pig Chinese The females used were between three and hammer golden hamuter wild rabbilt cat, ten months of age. The upper limit was dog and moun. Resorption of fetuses may pecessitated by the high tmeldence of be triggered by umor any concetrable pontaneous resorptions among alder ani meam of severely damaging or king the mals. The males were relected for activity young including lethal mutations faulty Appareat vigor and copulatory behavior matemal purdikoo hormona dysfunction The's upe mu not considered directly untlmetabolites, and quick firedng of the The females were bred between the mother The disernty of conditions known hours of 9 and 11 rar Dally weight recto induce fetal resorpulons suites that ards Trend kept and the animalı were tested retorption is a common method of disposal for extrus responso every not by placing of non-lable embryos Irrespective o! the them with a mule for few minutes. Any caure of death. Although there bare been animal bolag etrus respons or loy miny imtance of resorption of term fetuser, resorption apparently occurs more Calle L L Exy Uuk Ny the Departe Welt t ·538 LLOYD L CHURCH AND LNT C. JOHNSON Hans S. 1727 Statistical Emel London. Vol 1 Hata A. 179 Drum Nootros no Le fora than doe On Laou, Iwuland 1963 De Partie Corport Hotel Latin, Godtod. 1 7-141. 1787 D. Oslon Femtia Chap val. Lpp. 100.000 Houtet ) 1773 Quoted by Furtad Home Trtotction of society for Importent of Wedstre and colourpay Loorledes, Val IL Loudon IX, pp. 277–288. Jobsson, A 105 Da to development of the rerit orthe end skeletoa of the bind Hrab of the chick. Qort I det. Sc49911 Kirby-smith #T 1033 Bople fronth studier 2 Antaluttur bono tratore cheted microcopt cally botimpureat chamber Introdont la mbe na ar. d) Aant, 33 377-412 KOT A. 1130 Handbuch der Geweber det Menace TV Enduran Lepada AL 1673 Die Nacomale Harpoon der Koo chenmaker and Anne Bedeutun toc de Entte hant der Typlach Apoclosfarten Vogel Lapida Latipoer A B. 1947 Postnatal growth of the cbteka utan, A. Antt., 405 1-37 LBlood, CPC. W Wodoro, LF Belangor und J Rohfchon 1990 Hadio fotographer abution of our farpos doa la the nat Auto Ant. A 18341 MATWA, 1877 The otheogrado factors to the derulopaxant and repair Abasto Ann. Surte 300. 1907 The role of Le marier ditonta In thu denelopment and oration of bone Proc. Roy Soc. London, 77 207-304. 10124 Doctolon on derelopocut and grow on bopke, DOTA) and Zarama Da Whed. J B6-768. 1012 The Growth of Dora Open to ao Ostrogepast. James Nacleum and Soon GLOW Meter 1 2887 Dhe Archette der Spooglon Nagbart and Dubala (dt) Rapidond. Arch. Adat Murdot und Wohnachantch. Lledicto. Orion, A. 1678-78 On artkuler artilen J Aant Phruba 10 49-74 1877 Oo te quwth and patienance of the articular code of adult boots. J Apat Park, 17 200-327 ODIST L De La Production Artichette des or au feu de Le Tripepluration du parlota ct de trein on Coop Rood Soc de Bors 145-14 1667 Tun optocollat clbake de in druilende o et de la prodoction muitckte dos tonu o furt, Vol. 1 VOA at th, Pure 119 Deb Greit. Our Chat I boce. Arch die Phydal Noro Path (ale t): 1680 Yutops FG1004 Obatrite to traction Apbabynes y Adal & Phrt, 118-2 Pastoon, CG 1932 The front ha longth of the long boot in the bodder fed pte AL 00: 414-43. Pittabad, I J 2938 Tbo otrokkurt In Dhe cbantry and Phycology of Bone G. II Bourne d. Acidenk Pren, Me York, Cup VEDL Robins, C IL 1419 For den noveller en delets Bottomletea Coxopt mind a k. de L Sockete de Blato, Portu 1830 Ton LA 109 Table anat ole, Porta 11 Journal de tracta do 1 Phall BL L DR A-108 Roca baft, A. LA A. N Lamanad 1000 TS Artes Erbore. The decanus Co. Mew York 1950 Directoard on a Arthuzer aardapt Arta Orthoped RCA Soppleexot 7 pp. 7-11. Sindhoo, 9023 Obertor og hr rowth of blood su re to be tramonto chuber iptroduced to to the new All 1 Aost, 11 495 496 Sincen, H. 1993 Esporti) drterialarbon ante a bogtatisal bone fromth. JADI 67 TL24 Tom, J 1859 PhDoopblcul Trumacto Bord focloty London TODA, und C De Word 1193 bloop het cul Tractos, Romu saclrty London walbach, Band DHL Hard 1033 Endo cbendral body prowth in the chick AMA Arch. Path. 54 1 12 Wold, 19 Dihet dhe Badrutine day Arelu actuyt der spoorde Sobrang for the Free o Kpochroyacht Centrum Wench, 54 49-491 164 Dus Grott der Trefor them drt thecto Architecture der Loockep beynt ogtechea Yarinderen der Torkten troch Od Vabarndl mora Da d entret Cerch i Chr. Lt, 01-12 1881 Vebut de bearle der Knocken ichwanden durch rtr mobilen Droxbud der Ksoebren bilden durch Drocienintat Arch Klia Mbro 200324 14177 Der Canta T Trendorur det rocked A cold Batin ·TETAL WONTTON N THE GOLDEN HAMSTER 541 certain whether the better-preserved and broken. The mde erhlbolted i moderato bryos ruccubod maro recently than the degree of pycnosts nod the cytoplasm wu mare reported onda, ar 11 there aberra shrunken and showed to creased density Hors Icoult from difcrences in the rato The amplonic crrity was usually free trora a resorption ortidences of bemorrhage or tatradon of A. The chabryonic phase of resorption other haavlly protetoscoow fuldı. The proximal vltellino rec was also fo- Each implantation de that wu clash tact durdng andy resoption. In ane care Red us having been in the subryonic phas it exhibited deuddy Dormal morphology of resorption contained an embryo in induding an extenuto vascular supply which the Harentation toto distract tis with many apparently normal fetal red toe remained recognizable in all cares blood celli. Hometr mn the toplanta the embryonla tasca cridenced somno than stes where resorption was further tottlal degenerare cytological changer advanced, the mesodorinel components These changes were diffuse, there being showed light to marted degrees of degenno recogntzablo locus of putolyds. crition. The characteristic convoluted out In the least affected embryou, ruch u Ino was lost and the component tissues those to which the tombilical cord tended to reparate. In the further resorbed maintated its nomal placental relation implantations tho merodermal components ahlp tho cytological changes were barely were often miestng and the nuclei of the detectable. These changes were confined endodermal components became pychotic to alight differences boucler textura and the cytoplasm increased in density ud chromaticity There were more cas Gradually the structure wus reduced to lly been to the neural ectoderm. When broken fragments of degenerating endodegeneration was further advanced, per dern with m occasional ut of adhering tcularly to the more highly differentiated mesodermal tour. The crocodlomke ar embryos that had not been subjected to Ity and the decidual cavity (vitamine maternal omurectomy until the tenth dry cavity) contained vrylos quanddes of a of gestation, cytoplasmic changes weru relatively bomogeneous fluid that was evident. This wm particularly true in the apparendy precipitated at itation. This undifferentiated Deterschyme where the Rubstanco presented i staining reaction cytoplama mas markedly reduced to vol stellar to that of hemoglobin. In a for umo md somewhat more dense. Instances maternal erythrocytes were ob Even in the best pracrved embryos thero hrved. In koude of the more advanced re Wu u general relaxation of the character sorptive stages bemondern granoles were letic gross form. This was recaropanied by apparent within this matrdal disorgantuation of the tissues which mus During parmal gestation Dow uterino particulady orldent in the central nervous carity begins to entend on the ninth dry putem (fig. 1) from the Interembryonic spaces toward the Fally the erabryo wus reduced to in mld Implantational areas." This results in amorphous group of loose cells. This ap the gradual sepantion of the decldur cappeared to occur by the proprendre loss of sulado from the oculard by the very contact between for daily contiguous celll mpid proliferation of the newly re-formed As this procea continued, it mus accom endometrial strom. This area is closely panied by Incestoy predods of the nu packed with mall, young stromal pucid clear material. The nuclel of the cells of which demonstrate a marted, though rela the ertedor Arfact were often com trely uniform unity for bematarylin pletely didntegrated. Erosion of the em Gradonly thero Ilper of otw nucled sepa bryonic form, 1 adent, alwp rite along their longtudinal axes efter Limited to there external surface. Lauko in farming & cons of cuboldal cells that Cytte In Altration was also Limited to the then become the epitheld unlop of the pephery new uterine carity in this study a dssto The innlon u malntained during the representing the nidal Huges af resorption Laidal stage of the resorpttre process al were from intmals acriticed during the though it often appeared to hare been platb to eletepih dari of gestation when ·542 BLOLA TUNEY AND AL FODERTAL the pen aterino cavity normally farsan. of plant cel activity The maternal arte It is not possible to state conclusively dal spaces were obliterated. Erldence of whether the process us uccelerated by masses of degenerated blood w found the concorrent Itaptive changes. Hot a reglots of dense betisoa doda pranule ever on the memordetdel uspect of the deposis. Thlt runt discontinuity of Herte deeldus bazells, degenerede ind leuko. allomed the labyroth to ag. I tu often cytosis marked the area of the indplept found displaced tomard ade end of the biem uteriore cavity These mert not ob implantation region while the embryo uod terred in the control times Nerr the membranes mero lod pod toward the other loterembryonic treas the new uterine ar and. Itles were extremely irregular la sbape, The edge of the decidua bansa border extending us aut-like or groove the inden ing this lesion ms also fragmented Tbo tations often reparating sheets of strona adjacent treu demonstrated a marked true. In there areu per uterine dando degree of chromutałyria The decidual ir Here occasionally absorved. In the em tue was lens affected toward the mesobryonic areas the new stroma often farmed metrum. Often the upper ball of the sheath-like entendions into tho det aterine deddurl une resembled in colar and cavity. These stromal aheaths like the microlarity tbo glycogen laden portions of rest of tho new uterine curity Trete Iined the control thes. Hometer samo put with 2 dmple, no vacuolated epithelum clear prenots wou utually present. Intact that ranged from cuboldal to cohomnar in matemal erythrocytes wrero occudonally shape. Very often that part of the Ilning found in the lumina of the decldunl Wood applled to the decidua apoulards was vessels however the walls at there tetatropic or missing. This probably resulted seils mero usually formewhat derenerate from necrodc changes in the decidua cap and leucocyte tofiltration as often prom! mularts proper nent. In ore tostance tertiary pant cells Degenerative changes within the laby contatalog posrocytized material werd rinth prere distinct and showed a consist found to the lumaca of a theathed artery cat pattern. These changes are shora in The decidual celle deur the reylon of the igare 4 The allantolc vetreba mere Alled inctpient new uterine lumen were decTotke with fetal arthroblasts. The fetal ney often exhibidng fngmented muclel thump was reduced to a coarte im De The primary glant cells of the reticulum brune frequently containing beooriderio exhibited but wight increases in nuclear pranulen Cellular detall wu urually ob density Lyred mrter blood cells and Uterated The surrounding lacunae com hemosiderto granules were abundant. The tatred the lated remains of maternal remainder of the portpary plant cell those erythrocytes. As resorption progressed the U martedly distooded with matemal pycnost and the hematarylin affinity of Hood (og 3) In Home instances un the feul blood cell nude became very Issed call could be discerned and the pronounced. Figure 3 prerents the rela leukocytes were always prominent. Al tlousbipe to the normal pregnant fetaske though the codothellum mas not ready The area of most marked degeneration distinguishable it is assured that this centered in the trophospongium A cart blood was contained within atmistike Dow lesion was found in the region par capillary beds. The accumulation of mally occupied by the secondary glant erythrocytes resulted from the relaxation celli (for this and other terminoloty re of the capllary bed. Soilar though less lating to the normal hamnar placenua me marked yakularity is present in the con Orain 54) This le don entended Into trol usare The nuclear chramaun of these the deddua basails and included most of primary plant cells often differed little the trophorpangtum The fet scattered from the Dormal pattern. The cyloplam cella within the ledon and those on the could in some instances be dixcited periphery okthited edniced degenerative Orring to be segregation of the erythrochanget. A much emaller region of Decro cytes into pockets. llemosiderin granuler als kom u the junctional Lome DOT were often found outlning the tytoplasmic Extensions. mally present in this region as the result ·JITAL SOTON IN THE GOLDEN TLALISTEN 543 The decktua apsolar's showed degener descobed wus tho usul one bometr tire chung marked by nuclear prenosis distortion, apparently due to uterine montand cytoplam rictalization. Laterally ment, was often evident. * was supported by strumaal proliferation Tbo deddua capsuluds wus sometimes bet centrally the support was misting eroded rufflciently to leave the plant cell This thta band of toue was further tiosue apored to tho Den uterine lumen. troded by the pomary glant celle As in This lumen hud, in most instances the normal uterul an area of moted tended the full circumference of the uter decidual destruction lay between there ine cerity ploching the decidua bagalls two time. free from the musculars. In theto auses the new epithellum mu otended to cover B Bag of cells phase of resorpdoA the denuded muscularis. In faune des The most charactedstic feature of the the antent of the new atedne lumen wu beg of colle phase of resorption (iig 6) Itufted and the decidua capsules ro w the prominent sec of plant cei tsere mated relatively thick. that enclosed the embryonic remains In one resorption dto the decidun plant cell thouve at this phase was urually barils Iemained attached in one lateral Roaller in crosttection than that of the region and showed only minimal degetcorresponding normal uterus but por attre changes. The epithelization of the semed 1 condderably thickened wall. No new utarne lumen bad covered the und attempt was made to compute the volumo merometrial uspect of the decidua baulla of this tbasue. In some cases the glant cell on the ddewbero it remained attached to the uterino WL There ws no evidence Layer ruber than decrending lu perdm eter, bad folded into convolutions and of undedying decidual or stromal rong had this attained a stro that could be ence. Lccommodated within the reduced utorine Stromal rugao and cones were found to huren. This tempo mc wus generally extend into the new uterine carlty from broeder toward the mesometrium, where vadows positions on the wall the petmary glant cells conftituto i ring The rappurative proces me quite oftende, kaown us the reticulum, around marted in some fustancet. Loukocytes the edges of the decidua baulis. The sec were found to hare infiltrated into a most condary glant cells that are normally pret all degenerating tapes into areas of ex est in the central area between the tropho- poned muxulars and also into the newly poodium and the decidua beralls were not proliferated Hroma lound. On its unti-mesometrial uspect, the The lebydnth usually remained distin Klant cell tlenue mc u often down to gulshable, although the degeneration de crlbed earlier bud progressed reading in potat und frequently ruptured. In the e taste that appeared Itterally to have more advanced resorpétre dies the anti- Yallen part Tho trophosponclum was pesometdal portions of the sac were cal often unrecognizable. In a few places blas Lapred against the labyrtath or the decidue basatia of decidua baulis retatped continuity with The contents of the plant cell se uc the uterine Wall mod prordded a marked contrast with the atrophy and pycnost of sotretimes included broken remnants of the Desometrial portion of the decldua the endodermal layer of the proximal vitel The more central and intimnetometrial HD Hc The embryonko remains consisted ureus were chromatalytic and cellular de of bone cells with prenodo nuclei and tall had been obliterated. Occadonal laps of cytoplasm. Tloue dif ferentiation was completely obllterated. In C. Clot phase of resorption one fastance for dont cel muelel mert In each case the clot as composed of found mixed with the combeyond remain i central arta which mos identified as the In the lever resorbed dtei bemoddern old decktaa batalla Oudlocs of arcul ! Pinules were prominent featurt of and other histological structure remained the embryonk remaink Occadonally the Lo the leust degenerato specimens Their Labrloth wu found displaced fato the were so densonstrable cytological detalle plant cell nac The patter that has been ·544 N... ULLAM TANLEY AND A. L. PODE WALL and no affinity for bematozhlia. This situ-ing obxration mert side. The first atlan prevelled in the center of the clot and to rurylog depra toward the peripbest trophorpanglute. It is possible that this thet in extenstre Laslon OCCUn in the Around this deudul A there was a layer of callwar debdi, thought to botho embryo. Obliteration of the maternal ante lesion 1 rcspoodble for the death of the rematar of the embryonic and placental Hal spaces and the market allreed blood tatues Loukocyte rent prezent at the pacphery of the clot. Figure 6 xboys a surhest that a father of the placental che typical clot culation would have led to the death of Thero wus do longer any vidhte odenu the embryo. On the other hand e xopara tan of the utere content to relation tion of the placenta i normal at partud to the memometdermeraretta edi. tion and may represent a response to dead Since there was no connection with the eroberonto tever. The second obterra uterine wall and since the clot prut rougbly Hors that degerseradise changes occur with spberold, it is possible that it may bave great rapidity in the cabryonic Lt. been rotated by uterino contractions may niggext that the primary delect Les Evidence of strong uterine contractices in the embryo mas fouod in the trous of the homen do The speed with which resorption occun nuded of the new epithelix? Wang Thu us the golden bumser i matched oor Uning appeared occadonally ar cords or by the replity of its organoterests and the balls of relatirely healthy the amous abortues o lo poslation in mapy the celular debes that formed the outer stances the embryo and the membrane Layer of the clot (fig. 7) were reduced to celular deinde in 48 Rughe sheaths and other projections of bour This contrats with the fire dans endometrial dare into the trudno Cav Tegured to reach krilar Hare for rab Jy were pready increased in alzo. There bli lopentations (Henderson. 54) and wur a roning wide variation to cavity ten days for the disintegradon of the near shape betüreen the different dret. The corta rat fetos (Corey 33) The direct cou demonstrated modlog corresponding froization of tbe form of the Art of to the shape of the lamint Tho stroma the central nervous system has alr been often approached 1 mm in depth and was mentland by Fortuy (29) and Ilender differentiated into bosal and compact to son (54) Is both inftances cylderice pods The development of the uterine Indicared that the initial degenerative plands was marked The basel portion of changer centered in the placenta Fortum - the endoronet de troma od tho 27 concluded that the unurnal folding of the tre tuve layer between the stroma and Deural times resulted from the abnormal the muscularia wus heavily laden with growth pattern in an altered cavironment blood vetrels Fine Terrels appeared in before the death of the tissues. This ap the compact stroma. Strongel theatba in peen more bey theo doa macerative dit the interembryonic areas contained in organization due to the action of the raginating corn of muscular tasve Too uterine masculature. The esternal gues TOOL #pported laturiant columnas op of the embryo were not multicently dis thefuta in which mitotic Agures were turbed to bare been fubfected to tuch abundant There mitotic Agurtt rere often stolent actlon coomed to the luminal extreme of the The persistence of the decidua during cells while the interphaxe muciet mere letal resorption rent to be quie con alwayı found to the baral region In one mon Meyer (19) stated Inutenco vacuola mere noted near the One Mko for proloorid Powitan frco edge of the cell of the desktopo dobe Ver to the fact th the whole ou kot la part, Mabor DARCUSSIAN vitality because it tout de motorbed muler reutats Fram this study It sus hoped that mot phological evidence of the try Ussue at Henderson (54) Doted that although Lected by matemal orurlestory producing the decidua mas ebe Art Umue to show resorptious could be obtelned. Two strik recrosis it so the lag to dlalatprale ·JITAL ADOPTON IN THE COLDEN HAMETER 545 Although there are probably many fac sorptions the epithellal Uning of the new mos u wont tn fetal resorption obser utedno lumen u aften torn from the thon during this study rugrert the stroma und mixed with celalar debals. toportance of cytolpad and uterine com- Unlfaomity of thickness of tho detdtal Layer of the clot, along with certain de- Henderson (84) obetrved that during formations suggest that it had been submet perpeton, tho otimcromnetdal opithelium jected to rolling and molding against the und mgtcome of the rabbt uterus tras stromal sheaths. This hypotheds of the coded. This is a particular interest deco role of uterne action is supported by many this time is not disturbed during pertud accounts of embryonic maceration such the to this species. Kerr (47) found that us that stron by Caroy (33) the ate dine oplthellum of the mouro died wherever It wu in contact with necrotic SUDIARY cells in tho prevent study it was noted The morphology and histology of fetal that deutdation of the endannetdal Aroma resorption in the golden hamster is de was followed immediately by re-epithelize tilbed. The changes occurring during tica, except wbero necrotio demues or fulds this process are divided into the phases. Lay in contact with the utertae wall. In Duning the embryonic phase specific diskomo instance, the Desy cpithellum was RIO chanctedstias remain erident. Disfound loose mod degenerating. These ob integration proceeds uniformly and 1: Kirations indicate that cytolytic enzymes Accompanied by prenons at the nuclear be present in necroche, rezorbing Essues material and increased cytoplasmic dens Corty (33) dealing with perr-term rat ity Extravasated maternal blood en gorges feture, found evidence that lytic enzymes the upcoelom the vitellinc (decidual) cupruated in the racere, particularly the carity and the primary glant cell tissue. hrer and the gastro-intestinal tract. This A avernou lestan replaces a major por potutkitty had been suggested by Long and tion of the trophospongur and associated Portes la 24. However dissolution of tison the tissuer seuned to here proceeded und The bag of cells phase is marked by the formly in the young embryos observed in reduction of the embryo and membranes the present study No locus of autolyds to an endorphous muss of cells contained could be found. It is likely that hytic an within a distinctive layor of plant cell Des aro present in all necrotic times, tatue. but are found in great concentration in The clot phase is typified by a uterino the digesttro tract al well differentlated lumen containing the chronatolysed deorganlams. tached deddun balls surrounded by a Changes in muscle tone after Orad Looso layer of cellular detaltus inflorated by estamy in the rat hero boen dlacuired by Leukocytes. The shape of the clot and the Frmet (65) Typically be observed the presence in the clot of bts of apparently contruction of the trand verse muscles and healthy endometrium wuerert that uterine the relaxation of the longitudinal muscles contructions play a major role in the dis- Since the ceruation of pregoancy is DARI Integrattro procen Resorption occurs so marked by the expuldan of the uterine mapddly to this species that the dot phase contento some uterine contraction would may be attained within 24 hour. Dot be unerpected in the uterus of tho LITERATURE CITET odphorectomized female. Although no ut Bramboll, FW tempt mu made here to evaluate the mu More 1946 Prenatal tality in manmal, DC. The remonl of dead de todo o mobility of the experimental emboron Biologia Bry n. 194109 uterte histological examination of the Cotty EL 1933 The mecatha ipd rop the front the nt Att ks berte contents dutof the clot phase K. 195–100 offered arople orldence that these bad been Tortuga, A. Droogro 1m subjected to squeezing und kocadbog, At The tavot tion of the placuta in the mothe store the the less affected lock the embryo and the dasth the abru Arck tal, so mu Labyrinth were usually displaced toward 1r Prenatal death to the sorged hott Arch Blan, 30-05. the Interembryonic weak in the later te ·646 MS NOLLAK TANLSY LIDLL. HODIA WALL fra ITC 1955 Tbe chenk of forla How to prepagat no m fpered Phyvol 1306 250-13 Hendaian, Napan 1834 Foetal represent to blitto apodmetal gedin lo batolydis pd pbagocytos Proc. Loy Soc. IA A-111 Let T 1947 Othet of colchoa trout pent of moon onbryou. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 116: 651-04 LOOK C N A. ad 4. & Puerbes 1994 On the Dator of factal ro-berption Bloch) 18 800-05 Vega Aste Tito 1910 Uterine, tabal in otras Inhid mption of coacry tuya. Dal Bul, X 30$ Orstad, Margar werd 1854 The trophobate dunt coemd en dorticular com wtb predey La be bemuter Criantas Am.Adat, DJ 973 WL Soderman Land CL Torbyn 1957 Fatal repitos to metot froule rolep bumner, Notarletu nu ty toboak Ork Acad. Sc. (unpubliebed data) PLATE 1 DOLYATOR OU NOUR 1 Portion of the section of resochta ambro Dord that booth day of metattoo The mother was ontlectorbed H borry pot roadly Note the boormally cooro utrd deural actada (A) The amnion (D) relately inchanged. The metodermal components of the proximal vitatio. nc (C) bow be change tha dort de endodermd portion. The stoslonk carity (D) ! conpletowaly irre of percepat Aolds ben compared with the the little o decidos! city (C) and the exocodock artty (P) (x) $ Trote keetken through DOOD placenta t the tooth dry dl piutton (69) C, Prostost tente BAC I Tropkorporastust E, Glugt coll I Labyrinth O Doclipe or tetor arty Lotems Wood per Altoc rere 3 A richly motpibed (960x) var af le petmert dant ce term of A roverbiing timplantation die. Note the water arthrocyte that distand the time. It immed that the be in data de aplary beds. The formon that they might reprimot berperther toca the cuot the bu dot bet drpored L, Chant al pucka Clapt cell ortopline N Antamu arthrongin pardod of . MA xotion of the Locate orbing bra The mothe momentet oord the ploth day of footation and potteet H4 hour later the prulou Hoe de me (C) to forget that del bet p into the wtertoe futin Dort the deckt! (G) od the amoebel (P) cestor contabe porc lated dalds The trophospodle () Dearty coormed by dexterit Intor (47)

·TAL FLORITOY LY THE CORDE HUME
K L Holy od IL Konn
;

·552 A WILLISD TANGE AND E. GALTY DI Adal dve may be gained a medium gray by increasing laggregaation of sections be are brought out by section of the lobule al yond the opomum for epithellal terus succesurels deeper levels. Sections through (ilg. 10) Numerous mal deeply italned the outer surfaces of the peripheral call granulat appear to the cytoplam of the Jarles (ilg. 8) shory epithelial cell bodles cells of the proximal consoluted tubulet on these outer walls and the most fuper (fig 1) Nerve Abers te occadonally ficial of their ramifying proctis Deeper stained in extraglomerular regions reticu- Kections cut so as to exclude axial Ussue Uo collagen Abers and bakercet mest (iig 9) contain an abundance of putkellal branes are unstalned in all parts (fig. 1) cell bodlet and reteal the complexulty of Erythrocytes are unstained (fig. 4) thelr brunching processes Sections through the central region of the lobule (fic 10 ) Form and distribution of glomeralar show a concentratfor of axial ussie CITI cpithelial cells phased by a peripheral arrangext of Where cpithelial cells are shown most ex capillaries sod epithelial cell processes tensively u in tangential sections through the periphery of lobules (fig. 3) the cell Arial ItesRC body appears abarply demarcated from Asdal tissue is in general distrouted to hrenching process the nucleus its ornid wands (ie central regions of lobules (cri and set centrally within a narrow cyto with an apparent longitudinal oncntuurn plasmic treatment but may appear to (figs 2 4 and 7) at catre points it bord centrically placed in cell bodies which in the caprular chamber often through intr clude portion of a process in the plans of lobular clefts (fig 19) Most often jt) section (fig 10) shoun in direct contact with one or more The inner surface of the cells conform adjacent capillary lumos (figy 10 and to the curvature of the basemest met 13) a la scparated from the cbm MT brend of the capillary to which they are epithelial cell processes frequently both applied (Ag 3) the interface being most condition OCCur in the same CTOS-section clearly demarcated in thin sections When (fig 10) There is thus no simple relation epithelial and endothebal cells are tot betrreen the axdal tissue and the capilaries cluded in a cross section of a copilary the around it and its central pogluon dont * epithelial cell body frequently occurs on imply that it forts . centro) COTE oT kull the outer furface (considered in relation for all adjacent capillarles Counterscured to the lobule embracing the capitary) uod preparationt xhon that ons nuclet are the endothelial cell nucleus on the oppa most numerous in apal regain (fige 2 ale Inner wall (fig. 5) Thuo unangement 5 6) some clearly belongng to endothelial to reflected by the appearances of langt cell bodies The citoplasm (the audi tudiaal sections of outer (fig 3) and Intret cells is barely disung ishulle it in non (fig 4) capillary walls. argentopho intercellular mail anden, Except in the basal regions of the glom. corunwou with buscant im! une of crull cpithelial cell bodies aro u imprrg constit outer capailart 4 }!In h trated near or upon the surfaces of lobules. nated bec110775 a faidy nic cranulur This is roost clearly shown by thicker kec matonat orturs and кит Тъ uons oming to the inclusion of a relathely outline of the cells detit thin larger number of cell bodles (figs 7-10) irregular Tith proces To ng int but u cometnes obscured by the trregu the intercellular sutting id 10 the All ab larity of lobulc rurfaces and the occurrence lumen of the adjactat capul ne of cell bodies in minor coses (ige 8 veri at10534 Suggest that ur duixette fea The Supertical distribution of op tures of adal regions accrni thelial cell bodies belps to delineate the HTUOTS could be produk di she localiza lobules and the iniet lobular space (5 tion of endothelial us in upon the XL) surfacts of capillar a}} 7) formed at the level of the primin ardatlant art branches of the afferent arteriale as tell dinbutable to the effect of Kellos planos as gring greater distinctaas lo axial to upon contoiuted refired and probably fues (Agg 4 * 10) These relationships branching capillaris idio thick 13) ·AMIERULAR EYITLUL CELLS 53 Epithelial cell processes on outer and The aral cpithelial cell processes odgl arlal capillary walls ante o extensions of unnoler branches All glomerular epithelal cells ahor free (iig 2) or may be formed directly from extensions of the cell bodies. These proc cell bodles (fig 13) They are often rart esses are of variable length and brunch cose (fige 11-13) in contrut to the smooth profusely (iige 38) Many deeply stained annolar processes of the outer capillary well. Instead of an annular Artangement roda ar filaments cut lengthwiro or in cross they form a network (fig. 11) with mathe section bave no visible connection with of fatrly uniform dimensions atunbutable cell bodies (ig 6) Intermediate form, to the regular penetration of the processes dal sections and constant relations to between the axdal cells (fig. 46) caplary walls and ardal tloues indicate that there are all fragments of epithelial DISCUSSION cell processes. No capillary whether occur By this dyer procedure the glomerular Ang ruperically or deeply in the lobules epithelial cell is shown to be branching to without accompanying epithelial cell Hructur. forming direct and fndirect an processes nular branches which nun parallel and Processes of fine or medhura callber may equidistant around the wall of the glooriginate abruptly from cell bodies and ex meruler capilaries at right angles to their tend over adjacent capillary walls mart or kang ares Ich at night angla to the long eds of the The pedicels observed in electron microscaplllerkes (figs. 3 5) there are direct copy probably extend betyreen the annular annular branches. Cytoplasma is also po branche The localization of epithelial duced more gradually into thicker PTOC cell bodles indicates that lobulation is a enses or dendrites (fig. 3 8 9) which are Dormal feature of the glomerular tuft and unually directed langthwise along the outer the opposed relation af cpithelial and endocapillary walla thus contributing to the thellal cell bodies which is accentuated by peripheral delication of the lobuler (figs 79) The dendrites may produce annular the present techniques implies the cdst branches fromediately or after Irregular ence of dgnificant difference of bebavlor between peripheral and ardal capillary branching Wben annular branches which walls. Diferences in deposition and dishurround a considerable portion of the potal of femitin particles in these two capillary wall penetrate into the axdal re regloms bare been recently reported in the glows the annular arrangement is lost. Both dendntic and annuler branches of issig and Palade (61) electron microscope studies of Farquhar the outer capillary wall are closely applied Our stalning methods are not adapted to to the basement membrane (fig. 5) The provide evidence for a third type of clom annular branches are more or lem evenly erular cell Consequently our observations spaced and give e characteristic laddar emphasize the contribution of endothelal pattern (fig. 38 9) or 11 a capillary is cells or cells resembling them to ardal cut kumpiudinally parallel roms of proc tissue. Collagen and rouculln uro absent cu aro mech n cross section (file 9) from the region Axlal Intercellulor pub- Altemadion of annular procese of differ stance is not distingu hed by there all et ent caliber may be ren following the Inter techniques from bisement membrane madigitation of branches from the same or terlal and is probabl identical with it adjacent cpithelial cells. There is no ne If this were so the finding that cpithelial Lap of brancbes where the epithelial cells cell processes penetrate deep into the oxdal are clustered the formation of process region k furthe i druo for the endo- 1 restricted or apparently absent on adja thelial nature of the call in the region and cent surfaces (fig. 13) 1 to be a perted in ich f electron micro- Epithelial cell process entend toto si ptc oben uon of the developrocent of axal regions close to the closered cells th human gl my rulu hurtz, 39) #hich (Ags 2 1 6 13) Contact bety cen odal demonst od close relation beto con enda and cpithelial cell process is often app th Ilal cell and epithelial cell proccises. Barrient m mbrare ras Arst formed in ent in heavily impregnated sections, ·PLATE 1 ARLANATION OF YOU All Acords in from al e prepantoa, gorus 256, 11, 18 u counterhuuned with Ehich here tosylin ind piketle old I A donderul with surrounding coprouted tabako Clorocrular ept the Lul cells and processen tela Beck, their noch an bp tained The cells of the caproluted tubules contain argentophel cytoplarnak moules. 15 x 300 2 Concentrations of add the art dmoted by clustered barply (aloed podjeli branches of innular epithelial protsky (erron ) penetrate between udal celke 7 X 800. 3 The outer surfaces of peripheral crpullen loopt. A central competular CF thelial cell som an orold bcleos direct noul proceries d deodnie ladoket pattera ta formed by taderct annular procenen arting from cendnten 15 X 600 4 The Inger urlaces of camery reparate Anlat thuole (arrom ) show by clustered nucle (wey) and Intersperred verkcone epithel) cell processes (black) The outline of eyibrocyte te percepuble to the capallary lame. 15 X 600 5 A capillary cut to connection, is partly surrounded by the direct annalar processes of cell body (mow) in the plane of action Pou the cell body nocleu (prezumably of an endorbellal cell) appen hery close to the lot. Other scle of wimular perkt ppear collectively i distinguath in wal region within the bubule 20 oca. o Portuon of lobula boring the entrato of couhelua con precise between uch of the wel twee cut lo tum crepe kop and urtounded by a pillan, Jemens. 7 000 7 A interlobular pact (arrow) i delineated by puthe bil cel boulins And their proces Branches of the proces peoetnat mate the anal thyeur 13 000

·F
LOVDAULAL TITHELIAL CELLS
AC. WilbrilJD. Ten und L Cert 19
557

·5692 ID EXKO, K 10 DTLLA PUDOY INTE fa the number of nocid upd volght take eta muhicle of nowhow it ELCO M. Sa Connechie H. F Epithelial cells of the hoton rtne zlom mult, the Epitheliom, the blir structur of badan dogtral 115 Hentet molan, iloti paikos lo tho donloping roots of 21 Hamster Darphologat changer som punylag letal rorption in the polden Head Gaut Sto Paur, Anthony A 371 Honda COLD FL Stt Yacrer June 31 40 F Fon, Dirol, Sec Bulberbery Roth 17 Fatal monkey (Hanulatta), ostication In the. Enimation ap tad progres of ration by roentgudoprophy 107 Fotal resorption in the folder beter morphological changes 1ccompanying FLD structure of the albtoo rabbit Its mith special refer to the bottletion of adrener de md challdetil perth and DITO coding in its track row.cla, tbe 173 Flank organ (scent gland) of the Syrian bumoto development of the, 1 Embayo ology Fluoride development of the repoo tn nt todmor dentin to injected stronthm end 2.55 TOJACO, RITA See Boccok, Robert J 173 Frox tadpoles, correlated studies of score crans and tries of the Laterlo in lirtng. TV Patterns of nuus Dem rt reparation after angle and multiple oper atlans 1303 Functional anatomy of the trending sarta and the coronary outle (day) 173 Fistochemical studies on the Lotetutitial cand in the nut OTETT Fulstocbomla! todin on the rat thymo following adrenalectomy id ACTH end cortical stimuld administration, histolog tal und Ilustocbemical studies on the yolk och In the porement of mammal 2:03 Histological and histocheoikeul studies on the nt thy followtos adrodectomy und ACTH od cortial areald admini trotoa Horrax RICHADO LIG. AND ROY JAHO GLITTL Motlo patttm in the develop As root of better molen 391 Homa pogtml mttbellum, the ultrastruc ture of 49 Hupen rend glomerulo, the cpithelal cells of the 6.51 Hyuline artiare of the nat, the oltronc tar of elastic and 403 Hypophyes utor calding clectron mikro- Kopke alteration to the rat 1 631 1 Identinc ton of drenerte od bolupety nerves and merre coding In Hi lotrinuk moncler, the Doc nocture of the athino nabled into with special reference to the 173 Increin to the number of docle und welcbt in skeletal muscle of rats of arloos are 135 Incre In the number outchoul puncte Ancla in the postnatal rat. the mode al 215 Interstitial gland in the rabbit onun hbato chemkal sudion on the 499 Ide with fecal referencet the heatic tion of adrenert ad cbol DTEK neric and peri ending in to intrinske mot cher, the Ape structure of the burro bhit 17) 41 G Garw-OKS WIS, AC GILLETTL, HOY JAMII fee Holman, Richard La Gindral cpubolhim, the oltrastructure of buna Glund in the rabbit rury histochemical otud on the Interudal Ghoerulus the epithelal cells of tbe human renal Goldeo humster morphological changes a com pe run fetal morption to tbe GUINTALD, GD & Bee Garage, Surdul 49 495 531 5.1 495 J JOUXION LOT C. Set Church Lord t Још, к*рших г Radios lographib Writes on rurlatoni in devotyribo noclek sad syotbest in wtb therhong cua tonal 1G1 Growth of loog bode in the chicken Rate ol growth in kngth and diameter of the huokeTUS, table, and metata GOLATA, BAWUL S... AND GUT & GRID WALD. Histochemicu sodin oa tbe lotet rudet land in the nbbit of ry GULATA, GAUL & Fitoc broncu stadio on the yolk mucion in the correcib af 495 к Hoey and in th using toul oleo counte, todo of nal 41 Irmak ADLEY See Ale D F Tboar 433 03 Gut, the peurorepetatt peripety a tbe, Ammtuation with coortational technics In the light of modern knorrlede 193 L Laurel-U LA UTOE frox tadpoles com Lated uudku I wenne or od prt of the nile of Us - reperation fier single nd me opet tomt 111 Iluster donelopart of the tent organ (kent pend) of the Syrian 15 ·INDA 583 3 341 بلmmmm LOL, CP Son Hemechta, LT 245 Non, the second to nation La Lou L. JL AD LV Dorou Hartoto the upper rpinal Ideal od hocbalon mode the Nauruntutan periphery of the fut, dhe nt thymon following traelectory md A inatuation with contentopal tabla ACTE od cotthoal Furodd amtoltaation 03 to the Hight of podan loo lado Led the rubetuntia non in the Modn, dectrua pulcroscopio App of Los monkey Frantat Aber deport the portochymn of lymph to od baharul obstoon Nuclear wounts, stocles of nt Hitory and Le toda a irtoala atlase calls Hree prurth nice total 470 dictron pular coope Audy of the btp fotot Nacid id dicht in eletal comodata de moo 17 doudoos net, toort in the crumber of Indumex, Mar A. The ultrastructure of Nocld to the poor tal mnt, tho mode of him togtral pitbulton 49 toare to the thumba of ball ca 45 Le prowth ung total nocher counts, Nucleus to the order of Dale, betood of rtt Wildy od 470 chuco cal studia on the rolk Le bon to the chicken, rowth of. Hata Number of nucle and welght to the letal a prowth to lah md dramator of the oracle of naturlod ya, men. boom.com, tihe, ad ottatapos a In the 135 Lok podos, Lectron microscopio apper Number of data mbele noci to the inca of the parochia 341 portnatal nat, the mode of toor to the M3 M O MACCONCIL, HY. Enico UCP 01 Deals of Hertochtontaal LOOD. The mode of increase in the studies on the roll nucleo tn dhe Doubor of all nocid in tho Ouran culture doumdation of the nat poutastal rat 24. Yo no in 457 METODOLO, birtoch ookeal todo oo the rolk Oryan (cmt gland) of tbe fyra baut mctus in the cocted at deelopment of the lank L Tokyology 435 McKorvt, Sund... Volation to the Organ and Devh of the Latinitoe to liv weight of the drunal, pituitary and the tog frog tadpoles, correlated studies of rold Land of the white-footed bou, KA TV Pattoms af nur per Perową rulatus 1 porutham afta sople and multiple oper MCMATOL, ROOT L 1. Carporte Hous 113 Malcola. 203 Outcnthoo in the fal mondy (MACACE Mucrowdopo attention to the mat hypoph wulette) Lettmation of in mod proches yida atroulding, clectron 71 107 Miltotlo pettine in the devetog roots of of wat by roentgenography Osta (day) functional mua topy of the hapott polans Leccoding morta and the coronary Mode of toate to the number a betal Only Histodama stoties so the totor muscle rocked in the poetaatal mat, the Ms del pland to the rabbit 103 Mlor, Ron L Electron micronoodo ip- Per of the parenchyma lymph P nod 31 Molar, motorke pattern to the domloping Pacma, Montom a Sen Lupod Burnett 479 root of honor PATROL, Hans Horaldo, tanpa Pittmottet 157 konbry (Kona mwath) obcasta in the total Lottmation of ur od program Predchymus lymph nodes, electron plcro of portation by rentpography 101 Korpio appeace of the M1 Morpleolodcul change accompany tog fatal Patterns in the darkplog root of be bole, attock 21 Irption to the role hometo Now, Prom oth tatlon PEALKO ATTRORT A RONALD W MOTT to the teht at the admel pittury and AYDD GOALD LHD Tb Acry thyroll pand of the white tooted 1 Dent and the relation to the upper spinal Mode mucked in the portatal rnt, the mode 25 torns to the dober of ulcital Pertubery of the fat, be patronepetatt. Athaluation with contentional technics Much of nito nudowa op, tanne to to the light of modern knowledge the number of rockel und weight in zs Meltury and thyroid dand of the which foord mom femeyecw wakuletus N rurletion to the weight of the adrenal 1 Macrate with thatety Data bowl art Merme und strelation to be uppet atral radotuto priplika oberrations de 371 berm, the mory done to decayboracleto e hedhi tant Kamar Letenul to Hybt frog tort 161 polis, correlated rain and Playtopoints ttody on. L Description and I haten of de respletnog mod atat molt la the to ho dogle maltle open dal loopte poder sowel old ID 1:07 na 371 ·504 INDIK Postaut nt, the socht otan to tromba of detal Douche Dock la the 445 SAD, LOULD W Set Pemon, Antbaar Pucor Dr. Het Eneco, IL TI Scully skets brokopik Dientot to the nat bypophyta fitt 72 R (lcrat plond) of the Syrian barorter den Rabbit Irte with pecal name to the related the task asti. L Enaby Identification of dreap and chest ke serres cod perte etag ha llets In cap iad Datei of the laterali tronc maida, tbe Ane set of the ia letos troy Lepider, related endlet W Pettum of you bett Turner mo 173 then after an de and mošttpła operation 133 Rabbitt om sy histochemical studies on the Sumur, MARTIN S berberg, Roth terial and to the 17 205 Badiomotoporphic obertations on yodations SEX, MO, MARTIN ERS AND Drona Fa, LH sebe of articolar cart in danebenoch acid rabarbrit ligt och electron plerascope sady placeats with tottuar puntata in 181 at the hil latest of the mo Ruut hypophyty after kaldt chectron 17 Halotal balonces in the poststal nat croscopic aluation to the the bodt of Incinth in the wombero Bat inca dosta to tajucted strontira und 345 Rektal price of reta o variat doodde, derelopment of the respons for 3 At the smber of what and Rat kdory and liner prorrth mins total my widebt ton Caut corants startta at Soon WALL ALL Sentry M L 539 hat placenta with tattox restations! Sodox S POTTER AND RE serndhautographic observations on A PARTIOL. Durentiation of the nats Incore la desayubomociek cd sya yakrac to ortad calmart 497 181 Iron, CARL Carur Cortelatud studiet Rat, the mode of facrtane to the theme of moans md pm of the Late se add to the portata M3 Stoe te Liride frog Endpoles. IV P test Flat, the piatractors of death and hruline of Yusus nare romeration after the cartilor of the 400 cad malttale operateru Rat thyrote fallowtas adrenalectacoy mod Sptoal perts, the scre** SATTE and Los ACTH and cortical steroid administration rition to the per JT1 Sisi topa od hotochemical studies on impel, Foom Str DopapL Jean-Ber 303 S AXLIT & Main, AND A L Sooo Rat of various orei, bo to the numbe WALL Warpbological chan accouTAT of nocked and weight la bektal macheol As the fetal Thorption to the golden AKUT 0.29 RAM yoll sicbo oryan cultort drept Itrostane na toolile development the thom of the 457 moon ts net tacksor drain to touted us Relation to the wype spinal nerm, the Stractare of the authbo rabott trts with #cccvory DOT Ad As 3772 preciu ndann to the identidado o Reval zlomeralas, the epithe cells as sdressegle zod challamp per and 431 Dan dias ha itu tatack cht, Ronn, EWAD G Electron microscopic the to teruthan in the rat kryophy atter Studia of nat Henry and the growth wing 72 total keer conta Besorptions to the roldan het morpho Studies of the 3*4 cod Duw of the Jodan) como compraytag fatal Lateral-line in ing tadpakes correlated Rarot to put Incisor centrs to lajected IV Patterns of n Dremenutom structurm kod Anaddademlopment of Altos de cad maple operaties 123 29 Bodin op the total dand to be Muhemm monkey Ledlogy of the mbotantia rabatt orary bimcacbatoiu ale to the Ederrat Aber desenandoa Studies on the rol ductos in the corrents upd burral obtidos stach, ktobrucal MADAX K.C. The for proctor of the Study o plapecopelth Description bno rabbit Irts with speelal refer to of plasmocyths and of brtr pitoort to the the locatiication of Adrenogle and cho dla tos lyopo poders of trouweet-ald Lego Dem kod sa modlag za in botrck Burcler 17 Sobotatie niet to the best prontot Roots of barsa solun mitott pats in ladows of tbe Edcent iba drenerton the developior 31 od bubrrionaithar Eyatheda ta nar plants with tacreuth S pertadoodl o radioautopsplike obrt poos sa purtation in derombostaciek 181 $AXT Hart, Coy Study or plasmocyto Ad poliests. L Decatption of plasmocyter und Syrian brott derelorprot at the dat of tbet multos to the mediatul lymph aan (Kond) d the Libry A3 poder of tt-wet-chi nu ·Lp 685 T Vocation to deargobontott adat thada tartt placeat with us + tadoul i ndio utophe brett bom 101 Tudo, cuentated stodu of Organg imod nord of the latter br Hyong that IV Pettory of you porno otton tx le od toulthpla optik dos TALLOTTA, Hoon Louck, Roberts Tor, J. D. Leo Wils, LG Thymus following tractory und ACTH od cortical pro dotortion, he tologeil und histochemial studies on the 1:33 973 091 Woht ta salatal mondo di d acou pa, tortes in the Debo o podid and 1 Thyrold and of the whitta tootad porn, Pronu latu ladoo ta the med of the droul, plottery and Waght of the drenal, pitutury and thyroid and of the white-footed moon Pero cu rolety, ntdation ALD A.GO. TANJE AKO L. Quod The epithelial cells of the human real comtralo 1 581 103 Ultrutructure of death and bryatide cert lag of the rt the Duratroctor of human togtral phe lidem, the Upper pinel DOT the actory DeTTE and data to the Y YACCO, JAXTA, COLIN FL. HOOGID AND Ntor JC Derelopent of th Tuporn tn rit toalso dratto to tofected stretturm and foodde Yolk med in the contents of mammals Hotocbemal podle on the Yalk to to orgon cattut, diduntntation of the at 371 451 V VAX Waco G, AND C. W Arne Oud Dention to the total mankey (WCE ulutta) Lettuation op od propre of patation by rootegruphy Volation to the recht d the actreal. pittuttury od thyrold pland of the white Iwond doom, Promyku aku stw Z 107 Zoran BUTTT AKD Manor R Pro Stadhes of rat Het und hver growth ang total nucleur counta 1 470 ·584 KD un 71 dort Pouzdra nat, the mode o tocan to the roba a keletal muscle radd in the 145 Suome, HOLD W Sne Person, Andony PUDDT Dan. Sa Encico, Huktiny citron plerontoplo Neruda In the nt hypophyds te B (Rret dood) a the Syrian bumit de velopment at the tank or I Isotry Rablatt Ida with pedal rolatct to the Leaderbood zelo rad sholt Suho and Dernet of the lateret tin arlo pero and pen endtnps in telo taule machen, the fo4 *ructunt of the to Artes trog tatpolers, cordated Audio of TV Pattern of vecto De Itam Altos ITU the other singh and multiple operations 133 Hubbt orery bestocban cul stodia can the tumu, HACID fee cubiert, Rath Interudal dand on the 17 405 SILITOIN, Mur, MATTDY STUDIO Hadiontaprophic obecnitoru on ratione Drro na. Luck of urticular cart 1A doorgeboorpoleto achd aittha to rat Loris placeats with brendicat pestedenel «pe un Hectron microscope study 161 of the lo falat at the por Let bypoparula A alde. chectron 17 Adne proscle in the postul rat mlercopio alteration in the 77 the peoda o tom in pomber of 245 Rat toch data to mjected strontium and Seletal parce pt of varioa) 4. dooride, orlopent of the report to 133 Increu to the puber of bucla ipd Run Midney sad tre growth uctor metalno cu count studies of 479 SOONALLAL See Ataclry IL & Hulag 8.99 at plerate with locrottas mutational Solon Jor PDOTTI A KALI are ndionotoporphla obrervation on te PADYOLA. Dutert data at the nurs tatoos to decorydonchak med syon rolk wo to ma colhere thtub la 101 CL, CAL CARUIT Cartelan who Rat, the mode of tot be ulepal Mon ory and rent of the lateral mtu aached to the portretai MS Le ta lint trop tadpolet TV Pataras Ret the ultrastructure of alustko od hraithe of my De momenton after dagle carteps of the 403 ADA Wdple operations 12 Rat chymou fallowing adhent lectory and Spin berma, O Actory Derne ipd It ACT Ad cortical steroid administration tation the appa 371 histological and histochetakat muda a frtor HELMUTIL - Durpodt Jacode 23 th SAXLIT H. HULLAM AND A L kaota Kata of rulous un, toerust the membe WALL Marpological changer Account of mueld zod welche aux skeletal Duches fa fetal resorption to the coduri Acader 30 Rath rall mo ta otpun culture, diferentia Stroothom and doodle, dertlagtent of the thad be 457 temporte la nut bucleor depths to bajected 3 adation to the upper plaat derm, the Stracent of the nato. ribunt in vith CCC y pen and te 371 spectardapoce to be locution of Renu dotrwar ther epithetal cells of Attock and challerde per thu nu 851 turn todiop to the totdade Roones, EDWAD G Electron microscopo 172 alwadkach to the nut hypopluk after Studies of rut Heory odd Diver growth mot aldo 72 trul proclamar con 70 Remeha to the polidep bapate forpbo Stadin e KORN araps and DATYTI of the Loreal cbedTY Lecoupanya tetal Later how lo tring tadpolo correlatok Rarpaan ta nt taci dentin Infected ITS of Yura per tenido troothum ind foar de direlapotot of After single and politike operator 123 the Study on the Internet and in the A poobry Jackets of the tuntia nabbt o bbrtocbomaal 413 piere to the Edentot Abet dreneratoa Sradhes on the role podba tbeoorrorth and beburiantu oborittany of Dime, Almochevole ACAOK L C. Tbe fine ttruction of be Stady a potrocytopdere L Dexerython Tatoo at bus with specudero to of mostrand other it to the the leadbeatod of adrener do sad cho Dodato lo podrs of toweto Incrdo Dimod tarte wtton la lu Lotrinske pola 17 hebetanda na Mbaros bonley Roots of hambat molar murooke pattern in besloos of the Loterrat Aber deportador 321 be doneloplot od beth o dat Sobede i at plate with tracteuta S mafiou or ndosotropok DKTTA thos a variadaas to denbokke 181 SAMT H. Goy Stordo co pomocy palele L Dexcrtption a productos and Srdan hamater derekposent at the ank of their moiton to be Ordinal lymph ou (Kuat dard) of the fobry 107 podes otto-wakati na atasy