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·Industrial Programmes for the Fourth Plan Rajasthan

·No text on this page.

·Industrial Programmes for the Fourth
Plan Rajasthan
National Council of Applied Economic Research
New Delhi

·TRINID) IN INDIA AT KUVAR PRINTFR tilu AND LUDI JF1) JiY 10 TIITILACIARI ADVINISTRATIVE OFFICER MATIONAL COL\CII or AI I LIED ECONOMIC RE PAROJI PARISILA DIAWAV, 11 SURAT RASTIA ESTATE AER DELHII I ·Preface THE ENTREPRENEURIAL ABILITY of the people of Rajasthan is well known and it has manifested itself in a number of industrial ventures set up by them in several parts of the country However within Rajasthan itself the number of uch ventures has been comparatively few also the investments made in them are of a low order Two factors have been responsible for this Firstly the State is not well endowed with ferrous minerals and fo sil fuels (except for some deposits of lignite) which are necessary for the production of iron and steel and which in turn could lead to the production of capital goods and machinery Secondly, the more important centres of consumption, whether for durable and non durable consumer goods or for producer and capital goods are located outside the State particularly, in the eastern and western regions of the country Perhaps, this latter factor might have ac counted even more than the former for the entrepreneurial class of Rajasthan moving to regions outside the State for setting up industries The above does not mean that there are no prospects for industrial devc lopment of Rajasthan Although deficient in ferrous minerals, the State is well endowed in non ferrous minerals such as copper, lead and zinc This is fortuitous because the country as a whole is not well placed in the matter of non ferrous minerals and Rajasthan can therefore be an important contri butor of non ferrous metals required so vitally in engineering industries all over the country The exploitation of these metallic minerals has been taken up in the public sector by the Central Government Apart from this the State is also well endowed with non metallic minerals such limestone, gypsum fluorite and also in building stones The clatter minerals are already being exploited for industrial use and there is scope for their further utilisation Industries based on agriculture and Irestock resources in the State are also fairly developed They too offer scope for some expansion The State is poor in forest wealth and as such forest based industries cannot come up in any large way In regard to the establishment of non resource based industries, it 13 well accepted that the scope for them lies more in centres of consumption As mentioned earlier Rajasthan does not score on Nevertheless Rajasthan can have certain types of non resource based industries, particularly those that do not involve large tonnage of raw materials for catering to regions as this point V ·outside the State also in fact in onc or two instances this has already been done as for instance the ball and roller bearing unit in Jupur As regards the future any bluc print suggested for Rajasthan his necessarily to fit in the overall industrial des clopment plans made for the country as a whole Normally the planning authorities at the Centre provide the neces sary guidelines for industrial de clopment of the country in the form of physical and financial thrgets to be achieved at the end of Phan periods "The Draft Outline for the Courth Ilan brought out in 1967 by the Planning Commission had indicated the targets for achievement by the end of 1970 71 However the industrial recession that has been cxperienced all over the country during the last three to four years has resulted in a inckening of demand for a large number of industrial sroducts It is now certain that the guidelines for industrial de clopment given in the original Draft Outline of the fourth Plan may not be adhered to Some rethinking has been donc on this matter and it is in the light of these revised estimates made for the country as a whole that the Industrial Programmes for Rajasthan for the Fourth Plan have been indicated in this Report Accordıng to the suggestions made in this Report for the industrial de clop ment in the Fourth Plan for Rajasthan if all the schemes are to be imple mented the aggregate additional investment required by 1973 74 would be Rs 172 26 crores The share of the public sector investment in this total investment is Rs 100 crores Of this Rs 69 crores is accounted by the development possibilities in the metallurgical industry namely the increased production facilities for copper zinc and other non ferrous metals Associated with this the investment on mining of non ferrous metallic ores is also ubs tantial being Rs 18 crores Subject to the materialisation of the capacities suggested in thts Report the additional net output from industries would be Rs 53 crores by the end of the Fourth Plan period Additional employment opportunities exist for about 156 600 persons The Report has been prepared by Mr S Balakrishna Technical Director with the help of a team of officers listed in Appendix I would like to express my thanks to all of them New Delhi December 27 1968 S BHOOTITALINGAN Director General (1) ·Contents PAGE Preface 1 Introduction 1 2 Aggregate Picture 5 3 Mineral Development and the Mining Industry 12 4. Metallurgical and Metal Based Industries 43 5 Mineral Based Industries-Non metallurgical 64 6 Industrses Based on Agriculture, Livestock and Forest Resources 73 7 Chemical and Allied Industries 82 8 Perspective of Small Scale Industries 90 Tables 99 129 Appendis Index 131 ܟܟ ·List of Talles Parc 101 1 2 104 103 3 4 5 6 7 0 106 107 109 110 111 TO List of Cand lat industri : Suggestei in Irelan Iconomic Siney List of Industries not Surgested in lechne Icone mic Survey but licensed during Third Ilan Aggregate Picture of the In lustrial Irograms for Rajasthan in the Fourth Plan Sharcs of Private and I ublic Sector Investments in Industnes in Rajasthan During the Fourth Ilan Mlincral Production in Rajasthan stof Mineral Production--Rajasthan and Inilta (vyf) Production of Load Zinc Orc and Concentrates Estimated Ex Factory Iroduction List of Sul uric Acil for llants at Suuret of Sulphur Pyrites and Gypun Inticipated Vin ral Production in Rajasthan-1973 74 Additional Output Investin nt and I mployment in the Courth Plan List of Metal Iroducts Machinery Excepe Electrical -- All Ind a Tatg is and Sanctioned Capacities Electrical Alachinery-\ll India Targets and Sanctioned Capacities "I tallu g cal and Metal based Industries -Recommendations and Im hcations Progress in the Glas Industry in India in the Third I'lan Mineral based Industries -- Voz Virtallurgical-Recomm ndations and Implications Industries Based on torriculture Livestock and Forests --Recommendations and Implications Chemical and Allie! Industri s-Recommendations and Implications Industrial Structure n Rtjasthan and India in 19661 Structure of Small Scale Industries in Raja than in 196! Structure of Small Scale Industries in India in 1361 Structure of Small Scale Ind istries in Rajasthan in 1965 66 (Estimated) Structure of Small Scale Indu trcs n Rajasthan in 1973 74 (Estimated) IZ 115 13 14 15 16 116 $57 119 I 20 17 18 19 no [21 [22 123 + 125 126 $27 21 22 23 Appendis The Project Team 129 ·Introduction These possi IN THE TECHINO-ECONOMIC Survey of Rajasthan completed on the eve of the Third Plan broad guidelines were provided to the State Government for advancing the economy of the State during the 10 year period 1960 61 to 1970 71 As an essential part of the overall economic development the growth possibilities in the industrial sector were also indicated bilities were made known by naming specifically certain candidate industries which could come up in the State The magnitudes to which these industries could be developed were also stated Consequently in the present study directed towards drawing up an indus trial programme for the State for the Fourth Plan a convenient starting point can be a review of the progress recorded in the Churd Plan in respect of the industries sector with particular reference to those industries which were suggested in the Techno-Economic Survey of Rajasthan Table 1 lists the can didate industries suggested in the Techno Economic Survey The capacities recommended and the investment implications against the same have also been indicated Against the 72 different items suggested in the Techno Economic Survey action has so far been taken only in respect of about 19 items Action has also been taken in respect of eight other industries (Table 2) which were not specifically included in the Techno-Economic Surves but comparatively speaking they are of lesser importance cxcept for one item namely, pig iron The actions taken on these 27 industries, however as will be seen later, are ·2 INDUSTRIAL PROQRAMMES FOR TIIE FOURTII PLAN RAJASTHAN mainly confined to taking up industrial licences for setting up the capacities The industries that were suggested in the Techno Economic Survey were based on considerations such as (a) the anticipated overall demand in the country by 1970 71 for the different items (b) the achievements that had already taken place at the time of the Techno Economic Survey both in and outside Rajasthan and (c) the material and other resources available in Rajasthan The industries recommended for Rajasthan were considered technically and economically feasible in the State and were both of resource and non resource based nature The interest evoked even in respect of the resource based industries has not been high in the State and the actual implementation much less Setting up non resource based non traditional industries in any location is fully justified if there is adequate demand for the production of those industries both within and outside the area Honeyer generally speaking the setting up of such industries also calls for bold action from either the entrepreneurial class or Government For some reasons these industries have not evoked interest in Rajasthan to the extent anticipated but the fact that during the Third Plan, additional production facilities for non resource based industries have been developed well in other States is clear indication that there was demand for these products in the country The poor industrial progress recorded in the Third Plan in Rajasthan has naturally several economic implications Taking up first the implications of investment it is estimated that the total investment that would have been made in industries in Rajasthan during the Third Pian would not be more than Rs 27 41 crores' which is only 11 5 per cent of the total investment stated in the Techno-Economic Survey for the industries sector It is true that the investment figures in the Techno-Economic Survey cover both the Third and Tourth Plan periods but judging from the pattern of investment in industries sector in the country is a whole an investment of atleast Rs 74 6 crores could have been reasonably crpected in Rajasthan during the Third Plan Analy sing the insestments made in the Third Plan in industries in Rajasthan it is seen that as much as Rs 11 40 crores is accounted by Central Government projects In other words the estimates for the private sector investment in industries is only Rs 16 01 crores The only inference that can be drawn from the abovc situation is that while the entreprencurial ability of the people of Rajasthan is well known as the Th dory ni nc fe investm nga wh ch m ght hav er n mal in the Thir! Man on K-m- cuni nu 3 from the Foot and Second Plans ·3 INTRODUCTION same has manifested itself in industrial development in other States they have not for some reasons directed their attention to setting up industries in Rajasthan itself The more important implication resulting from non implementation of the industrial schemes recommended in the Techno Economic Survey is its effect on the secondary income According to estimates made by the Rajasthan Government, the contribution from mining and manufacturing activities have increased from Rs 102 29 crores in 1960 61 to only Rs 132 24 crores in 1965 66 Therefore during the whole of the Third Plan the increase in the income from the manufacturing activities has been only of the order of Rs 29 95 crores This is very much below what was anticipated in the Techno Economic Survey In that study an overall increase of Rs 118 65 crores was anticipated by 1970 71 over the actual net output in 1960 61 Another economic implication is connected with employment Data are not available but it is fairly correct to say that the additional employment opportunities created in the Third Plan were much less than what was fore seen in the Techno Economic Survey The shortfall in employment is not only in respect of direct employment in industries but it should have affected indirect employment also for instance in trade and services consequent on poor industrial growth The above general review of the industrial progress during the Third Plan in Rajasthan clearly shows that (a) if the State is to adequately cover some ground lost in the past in the field of industrial growth and (b) to take its rightful place in the industrial picture of the country at least by the end of the Fourth Plan a bolder industrial programme is warranted for the future Approach for Development Duriøg the Fourth Plan Planning for future industrial development in any State can be based on one or more of the following approaches (a) Increasing the contribution of the industries sector to the State incorne (6) Bridging the gaps between demand and supply at national and State levels for manufactured products (c) Achieving maximum employment in the industries sector The above mentioned approaches are not mutually exclusive They are in fact interdependent as will be seen later To begin with the chief objective in all development programmes is to bring about an improvement in the Therefore the industrial programmes should be so drawn 79 to contribute the maximumn to the State income But these programmes Strtes economy ·4 INDUSTRIAL PROGRAMMES FOR THIE FOURTIE PLAN RAJASTILAN cannot be divorced from what has been stated under (6) above That is, the programmes in the various industries should be such that they go to meet the national and regional demands for the different products The national demands for industrial products are usually spelt out in the form of produc tion targets by the end of the Plan period The presently proposed Fourth Plan, ending with 1973 74 is still in formulation stages and firm targets are not yet known in re pect of various indu tric Hou ever the National Council in a recent study of theirs (November 1968) namely Long Term Projections for Iron and Steel carried out on behalf of the Ministry of Steel Mines and Metals had to do an independent exercise in regard to future growth possibilities for the country as a whole not only in industries sector but in other economic sectors as well These possibilities have been stated in terms of targets for different industrial products The various suggestions made in this Report in regard to industrial development possibilities in Rajasthan have ernanated primarily from these national targets Wherever possible rough estimates of the demand arising within the State have also been made so that the extent to which the products manufactured in Rajasthan can find markets within its own geographical area can be gauged As regards the third factor namely achieving maximum employment through industrial programmes it 18 ucll known that the growth in factory type of industries can only contribute in a modest measure to employment opportunities Optimum addıtronal employment can perhaps be secured best by a happy combination of the more labour intensive cottage and rural indus tries sector with the modern factory sector An example of this sort of com bination is the small power Jooms in the textile industry for which yarn is supplied by modern mills Therefore to the extent possible the growth possibilities of the small industries in the State have also been examined It however remains that the whole problem of employment has really to be 110ned from the country s ojerall problems It is well known that certain other sectors of the economy us for instance the construction sector can pro vide comparatively z large measure of additional employment Therefore it is not wholly correct to expect that industrialisation of a region will solve the unemployment problem fully After due consideration of the three factors mentioned above, a programme for specific industrial desclopment possibilities in Rajasthan has been drawn up in thus Report The chapter immediately following gres an aggregate picture of the desclopment set out in detail in sub equent chapters of this Report. A consolidated picture of the investment employment potential, net output power and transport requirements for the surgested de clopments is also presented in Chapter 2

·2
Aggregate Picture
172.6
THE ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS of the industrial possibilities in Rajasthan
during the Fourth Plan period as it emerges from the present study is presented
in Table 3 in aggregate terms A summary is reproduced below
(a) Aggregate investment (Rs crores)
(6) Addıronal net output from industries by 1973 74 (Rs crores)
53 42
(c) Addionalcmployment opportunities (Numbers)
156 640
Additional power requirement for industries (kW)
272 150
Addiconal transport requirements (Million tonnes)
1" 413
The above figures of course, have significance only if the various sugges
tions made in this Report either for setting up of new candidate industries
or expansions in the existing units are implemented In view of the rather
modest progress recorded during the Third Plan in Rajasthan in the indus
trial sector it is hoped that the State Government will take possible steps
to carry out the development Suggestions made in this study
The economic implications given in aggregate form in the previous para
graph may now be examined in some detail to identify the fields in which
greater scope exists so as to enable the State Government to concentrate their
efforts first in these areas
Aggregate Investment
The aggregate investment of Rs 172 26 crores is made up is shown in the
table on the following page

·6 INDUSTRIAL PROGRAMMES TO THE Fourtit PLAN RAJASTIIAN (a) Vining industry and mineral de clopment (6) Metallurgical and metal based industries Mineral bas d industries non metallurgical (d) Industries based on agriculture bevestock and forests (e) Chemical and allied industries Small industrics TOTAL Jus crores 27 17 68 89 27 23 16 95 26 02 6 00 172 26 It will be seen that the metallurgical and metal based industries account for the largest share of the investment Out of the total of Rs 172 26 crores Rs 68 89 crores or 40 per cent is accounted by the metallurgical industry, largely for the development of copper zinc and other non ferrous metals As a necessary corollary to the suggested development in metallurgical indus trics it follows that the investment on the mining of non ferrous metallic ores should be substantial This is so as out of the total of Rs 27 17 crores for the mining industry Rs 18 crores is for copper lead and zinc The remaining Rs 9 17 crores investment for mineral development relates mainly to non metallic minerals like lignite limestone fluorite etc The overall figure of Rs 27 17 crores for mineral de clopment ranks third among the six groups of industries Ranking number two in investment figures are the non metallurgical mine ral based industries accounting for a total investment of Rs 27 23 crores Out of this as much as Rs 25 6 crores is for cement and allied products Other capacities suggested in this group are glassware micanite, etc, and from the investment point of view are relatively less important Coming next is the investment in chemical and allied industries with a total of Rs 26 02 crores The bulk of the investment in this group is taken up by the fertilizer industry The capacities suggested for the phosphatic fertilizer call for a total investment of Rs 14 50 crores The remaining investment in this group is shared by the alkalis plastics Pigments industries and synthetic detergents The agricultural livestock and forest based industries account for only Rs 16 93 crores In this group textiles account for as much as R$ 8 40 crores The rest are for agricultural processing industries such as sugar, oil milling, etc woollen mills and chup and straw board industries The small scale industries account for about Rs 6 crorcs of which thc major share is for modern small scale industries coming under the Factories dict As the gestation period for many of medium and large industries is usually two to three years it is obvious that if the capacities suggested for expansions ·7 AGGREGATE PICTURE and for new units are to materialise before 1973 74, the entirc surn of Rs 172 26 crores should really be invested during the first three years of the Fourth Plan period Should there be any lag with regard to this, the sume would be reflected in the les cl of output anticipated from industries at the end of the Fourth Plan to which a referencc will be made in the next section One other important aspect 11th regard to investment in industries is the relative share between thc public and private sectors and within the public sector the contributions by the Central and State Governments Table 4 has indicated thus split up for the various expansions and new capacities suggested in this Report in the different industries It will be seen that of the total amount of Rs 172 26 crores, thc public sector investment is of the order of Rs 100 20 crores wluch is about 58 5 per cent of the total Of the investment in the public sector the Central Government s share is Rs 88 50 crores and is accounted by the following projects Copper mining 2 Copper smelter 3 Zinc Smelter 4 Lead zinc mining 5 Machine tools 6 Phosphatic fertilizers Hitherto the Rajasthan State Government hrs not been a major investor in industrial ventures According to the original Fourth Plan Memorandum for Rajasthan, the State Government had made a provision of only Rs 5 crores for investment in industries According to present indications State Governments share may be of the order of Rs 12 crores The private sector investment amounting to Rs 72 06 crores is relatively small compared to other States like Maharashtra West Bengal and Madras Rajasthan is the home of many enlightened individuals who have made their mark in industrial opportunities outside the State The entreprencurial ability of these people should now be directed to contemplate investment in industries in Rajasthan itself The estimate of additional investment of Rs 172 26 crores are all at 1960 61 prices In actual practice, it is possible that this figure would be exceeded because of the continuing tendency for price increase in capital goods and equipment The increase may be of the order of 15 to 20 per cent in which case the actual investment during the Fourth Plan may be roughly of the order of Rs 200 crores at prices that may be current in 1973 74 ·NDUSTRIAL PROGRASIVES FOR THE FOURTH PLAN RAJASTHAN Additional Net Output The aggregate net output of Rs 53 42 crores indicated in the summary is the additional secondary income which may accrue to the State as a result of the suggested development in the industrial field during the Fourth Plan Obviously this additional output can result only if the schemes which have been suggested are taken up Further if the realisation of the full additional Output is to be expected in the finzi, car of the fourth Plan namely 1973 74 it is necessary that the additional production facilities suggested must be created well in advance In other words, the investments for them should have been made well ahead This has also been pointed out in the previous section A break up of the additional net output by industry group is shown below Rs crores 10 10 15 97 6 48 (a) Vlining industry and mineral development 16) Vetallurgical and metal based industries Vineral based muustries non metallurgical (d) Industries based on agriculture livestock and forests (c) Chemical and alled industries Small industries 78 640 6 75 TOTAL 53 42 The largest contribution of the additional output will be from the metal iurgical and metal bord industries The figure is Rs 15 97 crores nearly 30 per cent of the total The higher contribution from this group of indus Inics is of course in consonance with the higher share in the total investment Ilso Nevertheless the larger contribution from this group is also due to the fict that in this group the value added per rupee invested is usually much more than in the other groups The contribution from the mining industry ranks secon Additional net output from mining industry is expected to be Rs 10 crores The other four groups of industries (a) based on agriculture in estock and foresta () chemical and allied industries (0) Small industries and non metallurgical mineral industries are all expected to contribute very nearly the sime amount Additional Employment Opportunities A break up of the employment potential for the additional cutput by inilustry group is as folloss ·છે AGORECATE PICTURE Aumbers (a) Mlining industry and mineral de clopment $ 200 (6) Metallurgical and metal based industries 15 200 Mineral based industries non metallurgical 13 7.00 (d) Industries based on agriculture livestock and forests 2. +20 Chemical and allied industries 7040 Small industries Bo ono TOTAL 156 640 The larger share of the employment potential (additional) arises from the small industries sector It is well recognised that small industries are less capital intensive than large and medium industries and the employment opportunities are also more Among the remaining groups the group of industries based on agriculture livestock and forests account for the largest share followed by the metallurgical and metal based industrie and mining industries Additional Power Requirements The additional power requirement of 272,150 KW 18 not by any means large and appears to be well within the planned growth of power contemp lated by the Rajasthan State The relative shares of the various groups in the total requirement of power is as follows AW 40 000 (a) Vlining industry and mineral development (6) Metallurgical and metal based industries (c) Vineral based indu,trics non metallurgical (4) Industries based on agriculture lovestock and forests (c) Chemical and allied industries Small industries TOTAL 37 730 59 700 51 800 55 gon 40 000 272 $50 Additional Transport Requirement Consequent on the suggested development in the various industries during the Fourth Plan the transport system in Rajasthan will be called upon to transport additionally 12 413 million tonnes of raw materials and finished goods The relative shares of the different groups of industries will be as follows 000 tonnes (a) Vlining industry and mineral development 8 000 Vetallurgical and metal based industries 311 Vineral based industries non metallurgical 2 514 (Continued) Saa ·10 INDUSTRIAL PROORATIES FOR TIC FOURTI PLAN RAJASTILAY (Cat from a 9) I SOS (d) Industries based on agriculture tis estock and f rent Chemical and alli d in lustris Smal) industries TOTAL 3) Findings and Conclusiong The findings and conclusions emerging from the present study on the industrial possibilities of Ryzsthiin during the fourth Plun period can be summarised as belon 1 Rajasthan is deficient in ferrous metallic minerals and in fossil fuels This 18 certainly a handicap as the desclopment of large scale production of basic ferrous metals and the resulting des clopment of herty engineering industries based on iron and steel cannot be contemplace in the State 2 The State is however having furly adequate resenes of some important non ferrous metallic ores This is fortuitous becausc the country as a whole 13 deficient in non ferrous metals and Ryasthan can therefore be an impor tant contributor of these scarce materials 3 With regard to other resources the agricultural and Investock position in the State are fairly good to support industries based on them 4 Having due regard to the resources position in the State a number of candidate industries were suggested in Techno Economic Surscy of Rajas than completed on the eve of the Third Plan Houlever the progress achieved in the Third Plan in respect of these suggested industries has been modest S A review of the individual schemes that were recommended in the Techno Economic Survey of Rajasthan shows that there has been insufli Cient interest in setting up industries in the State particularly for non resource based industries 6 The State Government has perhaps failed to evoke adequate interest in the people of the State to set up large and medium scale industries Thc greater share of the progress achieved in the Third Plan in the industries sector 13 accounted by industrial sentures of the Central Government 7 Naturally the modest progress in industries in the Third Plan has its economic implications The secondary income from industries has not in creased by more than 10 per cent (at constant prices) during the Third Plan whereas in several other States the recorded increases are much higher 8 Employment both directly in industries and indirectly in trade and services resulting from indusirial growth hue not been much ·11 AGGREGATE PICTURE 9 The overall situation in Rajasthan at the end of the Third Plan points out clearly the necessity to contemplate a bolder industrial programme for the Fourth Plan period in order to make up the ground lost by the State in the field of industries in the past 10 It must however be emphasised that while industrial schemes can be drawn up in a bold manner their implementation is much more vital and this calls for definite measures particularly by the State Government The most important measure that appears necessary is to set up a proper Industrial Development Board for the State with sufficient powers to take prompt and early decisions wherever these are necessary for bringing about the desired industrial development As at present constituted, the Industries Department of the State Government appears to be concerned primarily with the development of non household and household small scale industries While these sectors no doubt deserve adequate attention in the interests of the future development, it is equally important to develop large and medium industries particularly for basic products because these can in turn support a number of other industries 12 The primary function of the Board will be to create a proper investment chmate in the State This can be achieved by giving adequate publicity to the industrial possibilities suggested in this Report together with making available project profiles and reports based on pre investment studies 13 The entrepreneurial ability of the people of Rajasthan is fairly well known because the same has manifested itself by the industrial development that has taken place in other parts of the country Efforts should be made to interest these entrepreneurs in the setting up of modern large and medium industries in Rajasthan Subject to the above measures being taken and the setting up of the industries suggested in this Report it is expected that the State s economy will be benefited additionally to the tune of Rs 134 crores by the end of the Fourth Plan Also the additional employment opportunities would be of the order of 156 640 ·3 Mineral Development and the Mining Industry RAJASTHAY IS A land locked Stute extending over approximately 338 000 square kilometres in the western part of north India Physiographically the State is dominated by the extensiic desert area in the north west and the Aravallı ranges cutting across the entire length of the State from north cast to south west Geologically the terrain in the south castern regions of the State is com prised of ancient igneous metamorphic and sedimentary rocks belonging to the pre Aravallı (granıtes and banded gneissic complex) Aravalle Delhi and Vindhyan systems Jurassic and tertiary sediments dominate the north western desert areas The State is endowed with a wide variety of mineral resources important among the metallic minerals being lead and zinc copper and silver and gypsum mica limestone steatite and fluorite among the non metallıferrous minerals The State also has extensive resources of diverse rocks suitable for use as building and decorative dimension stones like sandstones and marbles The deficiency 18 in the field of mineral fuels Coal is not found and the known reserves of lignite are small However the State has a fairly large sedimentary terrain which is being explored for oil and gas Lead zinc silver ore among the metals bypsum limestone and stcatste among the non metallic minerals emeralds among precious stones and sandstone and marble dimension stones for the building construction industry constitute the more important m nerals currently produced in mica ·13 MINERAL DEVELOPMENT AND THE MINING INDUSTRY Rajasthan Lignite is the only mineral fuel now mined Among the other minerals raised are iron and manganese ores asbestos barytes bentonite, calcite chinaclay, dolomite feldspar, fullers earth, garnet, ochre, quartz and sılıca and vermiculite In 1964, the value of minerals produced in the State was of the order of Rs 9 2 crores (Table 5) representing in increase of 41 per cent over R$ 6 5 crores in 1960 Neurly two thurds of this increase is accounted by the growth in the production of minor minerals In terms of the all India production Rajasthan s share has been under 4 per cent as will be seen from the following production figures I alue of minerals produced lear In Rajasthan expressed as per ent of all Indra output 1960 3 97 11G 361 1962 3 77 1963 3 29 1964 3 82 In terms of values of the minerals produced Rajasthan ranks seventh after Bihar, West Bengal Madhya Pradesh Andhra Pradesh Orissa and Uttar Pradesh But the State s importance in mineral production lies in the fact that it is the sole producer of lead zinc silver ores and emeralds also, Rajas than takes the first place in the production of gypsum feldspar steatite, asbestos and minor minerals and the third place after Bihar and Andhra Pradesh in the production of mica Limestone is another mineral raised in sub tantial quantities in which the State ranks fifth The relative shares of some of the important minerals produced in Rajasthan in terms of all India s production are shown in Table 6 for the year 1964 In 1964, there were 328 operating mines 1 These included 134 mines for mica, 63 for steatite 18 for limestone, 17 for feldspar and 13 each for sılıca and garnet In 1965 66 825 mining leases were in force against 592 in 1960 61 Howeves outside of the limestone quiries for cement, gypsum lignute and the bigger quarries for marble and about a sixth of the mica mines mechanization is not evident The bulk of the mining operations are small and worked intermittently Among the mineral based industries in Rajasthan are three cement facto Tits at Sas u Mladhopur Chittorgarh and Lakheri one glass factory, on mica brick factory in Bhulwara tuo grinding plants..one in Bhilwara Bhupa and the other at Jaipur, and four ceramiciare plants, one each at Jaipur Udupur Bharatpur und Mundal * Annual Deporl of the Chuf Inspector of Alines for the Year 1964 ·INDUSTRIAL PROGRAMMES FOR TIIE FOURTH PLAN RAJASTIAN are There are a number of mineral grinding units at Nim ha thana Udaipur, Bholma Dausa Alnar Khemli Bhinder Ajmer Sri Mahavirji and Narainpur Tatwara where steatite calcite, barytes and quartz pulverised Marble polishing 15 done at Makrana, Ramganjmandı Chittorgarh, Alwar hishengarh and Maonda The lapidary industry in Jaipur is a well known one The States Department of Mines and Geology operates the lignite mine at Palana, a limestone quarry at Patan in Sıkar district a brick burning unit in Hanumangarh and a dimension stone quarry at Bhankri Recently, the department has been working the alluvial wolfram deposits around Degana The department has proposals to develop an open cast mine to produce half a million tonnes of lignite at Palana the Mſando kı pal fluorite deposit and a polishing unit for statuary granite The scope for the future development of the different minerals of Rajasthan will be discu sed indis adually in the following sections Mineral Fuels While there are no coal deposits in Rajasthan a number of lignite occur. rences are known in Bikaner and Barmer districts Exploration for oil and gas is underway in the Jaisalmer area LIGNITE Lignite occurrences have been reported from Palana Kharı Channer Gangasırovar and Mudh in Bikaner and Gunga and Underor in Burmer of these the Palana deposit is the most important and is being worked by the Statc Department of Mines and Geology At Palana the lignite is found beneath an over burden consisting of Afetres Sand 06-3 hankar with ferrug nnous nodules Weathered sandstone and clay 6-32 Fullers earth with limeston inter calations 15--21 Shala wth fnable sandston 3-9 TOTIL OVERBLADEN The lignite is underlain by a bed of clay grading into sandstone Two separate productive areas as the old and new separated by a barten patch have been distinguished in thus field In the old 101, fuchs being worked the lignite luas an ancrage tluckness of 7 metres with a lignite to oserburden 40-66 ·15 MINERAL DEVELOPMENT AND THE MINING INDUSTRY 24 818 1960 196: 1962 1 II 200 7 200 ratio of 1 9 as against a 5 4 metres thickness of lignite with a ratio of 1 13 to the overburden in the new area Both the areas have been proved by the State Department of Mines and Geology The tonnage of lignite available is 10 43 mllion tonnes in the old area after allowing for a 25 per cent deduction for material already moved and 8 44 million tonnes in the new area More recently, another 4 5 million tonnes have been proved, further west in hharı Village, 35 kms north west of Bikaner The Palana lignite is being worked departmentally by underground methods Production since 1959 is shown below and reflects the impending closure to facilitate the proposed open cast mining lear Produchon (In tonnes) 1959 4" 224 56 687 35 07.) 1963 4 514 1/64 1 20 ) 1966 Underground work has been beset with great difficulties in this field and arise out of bad roof conditions necessitating extensive and expensive roof supports, swelling of the floor and inflammability, with the result that recovery runs to about 20 per cent only The development of an open cast mine in the old area at Palana with an annual production of 500 000 tonnes of lignite was envisaged in the Third Plan as a State project but little progress has been made so far The lignite was to have been utilised partly for pois er generation and partly for fertilizer manufacture at Hanumanrarh as well as to provide fuel for brick kılns, etc Perhaps the decision to use naphtha is a source for the nitrogenous fertilizer and to locate the plant at hota instead of Hanumangarh may have cast doubts on the need to develop this lignite project Discussion with the State authorities indicate that a power station based on lignite is likely to set up only in the first half of the Iifth Plan Lacking adequate resources for power generation bydel or otherwise, Rajasthan has been depending heavily on hydel projects in the neighbouring States of Madhya Pradesh and Punjah! The successive failure of the monsoon during the last two seasons in the Chambal Valley had led to a serious cur taiment of power availability in the State 1 The State is rai by tno po ver systems the Chambat Jodhpur and the Dhakra Mangal systems the hyd I upplo frem Viadha I radest and Punjab being augmented by a few thenial stations, ·16 IDINITRIAL PROGRADI TOR TIIT TOIRTAI TIAI PAJAT1111 Brat in וזר No doubt the implementation of the 20) i nueirar power pirrjece firar horn and participrion in Silpum Thermal inser f'rnirct in liviya Prulesh to tlir extent of 121 VIII and tirlir titrtler situatur view of the leas and crank per demande is Tullit Itinni and Punjab it would be desirable to later than grills capucat numatlar the siguries of monsoon fulures in front ann poure from the lignite source alable with the State itse!! It is thirseftyff sugrif this thir lignite based thermal power st1!101 cohtrinplated for thin fifth Plan Ix set up in the fourth Phan siself to utilitlir entre planned output of fall a million tonnes of lignite The lignite to os crburden ratios in the Pilin firld renters fogh 1 9 in thic old are and I 13 in the nei In such cairs werground basification of lignite sturuld be considered an alternative 11umer the old Tolmuing been partnally worked is 3) sunable fr surla irchiques and open cut mining his to be dopird in viru of the nixse the speedly implementation of the open cast muun, scheitir in the old irri al Irlını along with thermal power state 11 n the mine ate in the Fourth Ilan becomes a must for Ryjisth in Me open cst mining sclicmc luas been cstimated to cost Rs 1 crores Lxploration for oil and 1,15 has been resumed and drilling us to loc under taken in the fusilmer orci nne it is possible that all for yz szy doc found But unless dire quintitors of g7s are found it may not be wise to use the same for power generation fortekizer production is to lic preferred This would indicate that explornton for lignite should be continued parts cularly to find areas with flourable lignite to oscrburden ritos Alternnely trial underground gasification in the new irc; nt Prını may be instituted and may require anottier Rs 50 faklis PETROLEUM AND GAS Sedimentary rocks occur in I 715th an over in n of 100 square kilo meiros in the western parts of the State Explotion ut ol and gas s 2059 on in this potential ca Mictallic Minerals COPPER Copper is a widely used metal It has high electrical conductivity high heat conductivity and goori corrosion resistance it is strong yet mallealle und ductile and alloys readily with many other metals ·17 LIINERAL DEVELOPMENT AND THE MINING INDUSTRY Cu o Bo In Rajasthan old copper workings are found in a number of places, of hich, the hhetri Singhana tract in Jhunjhunu district appears to be the jost important, others worthy of note are Kho-Darıba in Alwar and, Delwara herovli and Debanı in Udaipur Khetri Singhana The copper belt is about 64 km long but current nvestigations have been mainly centred around the Nadhan and hudhan hills and more recently in the holihan and Akwal hills The lodes occur in phyllites at the top at depths the host rock is hard, massive compact and often grades into a quartzite In the Madhan and kudhan sections the average tenor of the ore runs about one per cent copper metal 52 million tonnes of ore of this grade have been proved in these two sections, with another 60 million tonnes of probable reserves 1 A 20 ton run of mine ore sample from these two ections sent to the National Metallurgical Laboratory analysed? as follows Chemical analysis Tinerologucal analysis (Per cent) (Per cent) Chalcopyrite 2-23 Fe 18 63 Pyrrhotite S 3 08 Pyrite and Varcassite 056-10 Magn tite 962 Silceous Migo 4 5+ Gangue 86 44837 013 d vt/tonne 2 37 di t/tonne In the holihan section about 10 million tonnes of 2 per cent copper have been indicated, proving operations are underway Darbo The revaluation of survey and mapping work of Indian Bureau of Mines by the National \lineral Development Corporation has proved reserves of 278,900 tonnes of 2 485 per cent copper ore and possible reserves of 131 700 tonnes of 2 45 per cent copper ore Some of the other occurrences like Pratapgarh and Jodhan as in Alwar and, Delu ara and erouli in Udaipur are under ins estigation Currently there is no production of copper ore in Rajasthan The deve lopment of the ladhan kudhan sections of the Khetrı belt as a project under the National Mineral Des elopment Corporation, was included in the Third Plan Thuis envisaged originally a mine, 2 beneficiating plant together with a smelter and refinery to produce 10 000 tonnes of electrolytic IV ra L. Vhhetrs un pir Prej at-la tin Sth February 3 p. 87 Peter Annual \umler "\ational vi tallurgical Laboratory CSIR- natal 1841 162 63 p 21 SIO, AGO, 54 65 5-6 Au ·18 INDUSTRIAL TROGRAI3 TOR TIIT TOL RTI TIA: FAJATTILA copper annually Subarquently on the allure of this Corporations consul tants the prowluction targets run to 21mm tronesofth mrrit per gror There lors been considerable dlelis in the implesnentation of thirt i regret mainly due to lick or 1 specific lice sufrien ut lourier work on thr production and ventilating shifts 11:25 fren taken up The project after the enlırged scope al presel Is Cronment in September Iner is an integrated nr to include 3 000 t mrt annully of clectrolytic copper metal (210 tonnes frem torta minirs and 10 00 lonnes from heildin mines) con tonnes of sulphuric duls les product to lxc utilised for production of 211 000 tonnes por your of triple super phing phate Atalater stige recoser of the precious metalurt 17 bolil and silier le al o to be undertaken The nutr sluortrull in the ni hility of cos per in tlir country rinnot le callce an unforeseen on Despite this nn rfst *75 mude ) tort about Rs 9 crores worth of foreign rechinge ter n copper project from other until sources cien though out Rs 20 crores is spent in a ser for the import of the metal Thurs 137 milter for regret Inric Irince his offered! foreign aid specifically for the betri project or the outent of $ 18 million! The representatives of the french Crop vutred Inclin during Vurch in April 1967 for discussions on teclinical and citlicr dcenils A substantial order for supply of cquipment has been placed in Iran A contract for general engineering services signed with the French Group came into force on the 30th June 1967 In in cirlier Report the ACAIR hind the occasion to comment on the unprofitability of working inw bride ores bielou 2 per cent metal content by underground methods: The situation has changed since then The price of copper has risen the world over and is espected to continue so for some time at least It is also reported that at the current price les cls deposits with an average copper content of I 25 per cent are likely to be profitable The price of scrap copper in the Cylcutta murhett is as shos n below 10 too (In R. ) Copper scrap clean (Hire) 11 300 Copper scrap mixed 10 хо Copper scrap utensils 1 The init al offe of an aid by the US was withdras a subsequently ? Fa tern Iletal Ruru 29th November G5 P 1297 3NCIER Thn Et nomi Sny of Ra tha non all 17 on Vincial ! (Unpil sha) Estera tals Rigth September 1960 p 8,3 1615 ·19 MINERAL DEVELOPMENT AND TIE MINING INDUSTRY At such levels the The free market price of copper is still higher in India Khetri project is definitely profitable Another factor to be taken into account not is the acute shortage of In such a context even if a loss were to be foreign exchange facing India incurred it would be purely on a rupee basis and yet about Rs 8 crores worth of copper and sulphur (equivalent of sulphuric acid) both of which are in short supply and constitute strategic commodities would be available from a domestic facılıty, which would otherwise have to be imported The seemingly unprofitable nature of this project would improve its pro fitability in due course of certain aspects of the scheme are taken up in the second and subsequent stages These aspects are (a) Recovery of precious metal (gold and silver) (6) Recovery of fluorine and possibly uranum and vanadium from the rock phosphate which would be used to manufacture triple superphosphate Whule the first of these has already been contemplated by the project autho rities the by product recoveries suggested under (6) above might also be look ed into Rock phosphate usually contains about 3 to 4 per cent fluorine Some like the Florida and Western rock phosphate in the US contain 001 to 002 per cent uranium and 0 40 to 0 70 per cent vanadium Recovery of fluorine compounds is already being done in a few plants elsewhere in the world, as in the following: In Rumania at Turnu Magurele, 4 000 tons of fluorine compounds are being recovered from 1 fertilizer plant At Desterreichische Stick stoffwerke, alumunium fluoride is made from hydroflurosılıcıc acid recovered from their superphosphate plant At Des Plaines Chemical Corporation Illinois flurosilcic acid is recovered from wet process phosphoric acid plants, approximately 325 lb of 25 per cent flurosılıcıc acid is obtained per ton of P,0, and used as an additive to drinking Water Urrmum recovery from roch phosphate is not economic except as 1 by product of phosphoric acid manufacture to date, five compa nies in the US are reported to recover uranium from this source as IUS Bureau of Vites 1960 firecral Facts and Prett m Bull lo e, p 635 * Some aspects of such recoscry are also discussed in Waste Rrcoscry and Pollution Alate a ct Report Chemical En neenag September -4 1965 PP 144 14 Fatkın G 1965 Fluorspar Vining Annual Review lfrain Journal London Alay i pot I lodhin Client al fine (Is an Students Aton) Asia Publt hing House 19 6 rp 102 112 (Creek B Ft L garuml ery and from It Press Shophoruc tard) (Please sue fostok S1 Acxt page) men!

·20 INDUSTRIAL PROGRAMVES FOR THE FOURTU PLAN PAJASTIAN Though the technical feasıbılity of recovering vanidium from this source has been known for some time it is only recently that the economics of doing so has been established It is reported that such recoveries would yield low cost vanadium from rock phosphate of the Intermountain West, US from existing phosphorous operations ? While the abose discussion has indicated the possibilities of increasing by product recosery in the hhetry Project, the recoveries of uranium and vanadium would depend on the rock phosphate used Hence it would be desirable to obtain rele; int analysis of rock phosphates from various sources If, ulumately it is decided to proceed with the recovery of uranium and vanadium, a long term contract will have to be entered into to ensure a continued supply To conclude in the present context of acute shortage of copper in India it is imperative that the hhetri Copper Project be completed expeditiously The development of mines and mills to beneficiate ore in the Madhan Kudhan and holihan sections would entail investments of Rs 95 crores and Rs 35 crores respectuely LEAD ZINC SILVER AND CADMIUM Rajasthan has an important lead zinc ore bearing tract in Udaipur in the neighbourhood of Zawar Old workings and slag heaps are to be seen in the hillochs of Zawarmala Balaria Baroj and Sonaria Of these, the lodes in the Zawar hills are being exploited and provide the entire small current output of lead and zinc concentrates in India The principal ore minerals are galena and sphalerite with pyrite and sorne chalcopyrite Dolomitic limestones constitute the host rocks for the dissem: nations stringers and veins of ore In the Mochia property which is currently being worked metal (lead and zinc) content of ore now won is reported to be about 78 per cent with cut off at 4 per cent The ore grades are expected to be lower in the future, at around 45 per cent lead ind zinc, with cut off at the total (Foorok from previous page) s Th fri arc Blocks on Ch micals (now owned by Oln Mathieson) (1) International Min als & Chemical Corporation (1) Texas C ty Chemicals Inc () US Pho phor c Products Day of the Tennessee Corpo (0) Virg nia Corolina Chem cal Corp IUS Bureau of tinns igen tral Facts er blems Bull s', p 635 Vinn Innual Review 11 Journal London igf, P 51 ·21 MINERAL DEVELOPMENT AND THE MINING INDUSTRY 2 per cent Reserves in this property are reported to be as follows Million tonnes Bloched and proved 8 Drilled and indicated 16 TOTAL 24 Another 11 6 million tonnes are indicated in the adjoining two properties but in these two, the ore 18 predominantly a zinc ore around 8 per cent in zinc and 0 05 per cent in lead The ore is also reported to contain about 25 per cent Pyrite Other reported occurrence mainly for lead are Rakhabdeo and hatar in Udaipur, Chouth ka Barwara in Sawai Madhopur and Joper Piara and Turangi in Sicht Exploratory work is in progress in these areas, the second of these is being investigated by the State Department of Mines and Geology, where the indications so far, are reported to be promising At present the Zuwar deposits consisting of the Mochia Mine and the adjoining hills are under lease to the Hindustan Zinc Ltd So far, mining has been restricted to the Mochia hill where a production of 166 000 tonnes of run of mine ore has been reached in 1967 Production and treatment data are furnished in Table 7 alongwith the metal content of ore and con centrates Treatment rate in the mill is of the order of 150,000 tonnps per year, producing separate lead and zinc concentrates Metal recovery was stated to be 92 per cent for lead and 86 per cent zinc The concentrates assay about 73 per cent lead and 55 per cent zinc in the respective con centrates Besides lead and zinc, small amounts of recoverable silver and cadmium are also found The following detailed as nys are available Lead concentrale intc concentrate o 740 65 r5 6 09 54 48 Silver Oz/tonne Lead Zinc Iron Insolubles % Cadmium % Arsenic Antmany Sulphur % 001 00 320 160 SOURCE India3 Bureau of Mines Base feel of India Bulletin No 1 The lead concentrates were shipped to the Company's lead smelter at Tundoo in Bihar where it is smelted Along with lezd, silver is also recovered ·22 INDUSTRIAL PROGRAJYES FOR THE FOURTII PLAN RAJASTIAN 3 763 1961 1962 3 680 4 383 1965 66 2514 as a by product Outputs of lead and silver in 1960 6G/67 have been as follows Tear Lead melal Jil or metal (In tonnes) (in kg) 1960 3 745 3664 5 572 2819 3 941 1963 3 537 1964 3 624 2532 2 806 1966 67 1 42) The zinc concentrates were exported on a toll basis and the metal got back During the Third Plan the Company had a proposal to increase the mine output and mill capacity to 2032 tonnes per day install a zinc smelter to produce 18 288 tonnes of zınc metal a year recover 29 464 tonnes of sul phuric acid to be converted into 76 200 to 81 280 tonnes of single super phosphate per year recover 71 to 76 tonnes of cadmium and expand the lead smelting capacity to 10,160 tonnes along with a silver recovery of 11 220 kgs per year The zinc smelter complex at Debarı near Udaipur and the expansion of the lead smelter at Tundoo in Bihar have been taken up Indi lacks sufficient resources of all non ferrous metals except aluminium In respect of lead and zinc the Zawar deposits in Rajasthan are the most promising among all the known occurrences of the ores of these two metals Therefore while efforts are being made to set up smelters based on imported lead and zinc ores it is hoped that for the zinc smelter at Debarı near Udaipur in Rajasthan and the lend smelter at Tundoo in Bihar the development of the mine and mill at Mochia to mine and treat 2 800 tonnes of run of mine ore per day would be carried out within the next two or three years An investment of about Rs 25 crores is likely to be required for the expan sion of the mine and the mill In terms of the estimated consumption levels by 1973 74 of lead and zinc indigenous capability is likely to fall far short efforts should, therefore be made to prove the present indicated 11 6 million tonnes of 8 per cent zinc ore in the Balunia and adjoining hill and develop a mine, mill and smelting facility for another 18 000 20 000 tonnes of zınç metal production per year 1 provision of Rs 25 crores may be made for further prouing and the development of a mine and mull to produce and treat 300,000 tonnes of run oſ minc ore per das About 60 000 to 63 000 tonnes of pyrite could also be recovered as a bi product from the mill operation, based or the present indication of 25 per cent pyrites in the ore ·23 MINERAL DEVELOPMENT AND THE MINING INDUSTRY IRON ORE The more important occurrences found in Rajasthan are in Jaipur and Udaipur Compared to deposits elsewhere in India, these deposits arc of course small The deposits are hematitic in character, those near Morija, Nimla and Dabla in Jaipur are richer in iron is compared to the deposits around Daralmata and Amiswalı in Udaipur Dision Localiou of det osat Fe content (Per cent) 64-68 67 Jaipur Marija Nimla Dabla Resetzes (In million tonnes) 700 10 Several small deposits II 36 Udaipur Daralmata} 48-32 Bab a Seth M L lineral Resources of Pajasthan Dept of Mines and Geology Covt of Rajasthan (1,64 65) DAnother source places the Fe content at 4 50 per cent Rekar CF and Zakrajsek J-NV Technical Journal Vol VI No 2 May 1964 P 35 The deposits in Rajasthan are being worked manually, and the ore ex ported throush handla Port over a distance of 825 860 kms Production over the last few years has been a follows 8,033 86 28 67 079 300 Teat Production (In tonnes) 1959 93 835 Igfo 125 423 1966 162 1963 1964 35 087 10f", 12 200 1966 These days, the world market in iron ore has become highly competitive, the last decade has seen the development of a number of new sources, parti cularly, in West Afnca and more recently in Australia competition, attention is being focussed on large deposits close enough to deep Sea port in this context, the rather small deposits in Jaipur dinsion, Situated more than 800 kilometres from the nearest port, are not likely to be profitable The Udaipur deposits are closer but they are low grade and, necd beneficiation to bring them up to murketable grades which would be ſeasible for large deposits With the increasing ·24 INDUSTRIAL PROGRAMMES FOR THE FOURTII CLAV RAJASTHAY MANCANESE ORE Though manganese ores are found in Rajasthan the occurrences cunot be compared with those found in Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Bihar or Orissa Within Ryasthan the more importint occurrences are found in Banswara The Indian manganese ore industry is primarily an export oriented one and with the decline in exports subsequent to 1958 mining activity in the relatively poor or more inland deposits like those of Rajasthan mine has suffered a setback The production of manganese ore in Ryuthan from 1960 to 1966 is given below rear Tonnes 5 F08 1961 Info 3 061 2 826 1962 NL I 062 4 600 7 300 1363 1964 1962 1966 Even though as a result of a special barter deal with the US, exports have increased to 16 million tonnes in 1964, future exports can be envisaged only at a level of about 1 3 million tonnes a year "Therefore no appreciable activity is anticipated in this particular sphere of the mining industry in the State in the immediate future WOLFRAM Wolfram is the principal ore of tungsten By reuson of its use in special steels tungsten assumes strategic importance So far known occurrences of this mineral are confined to two deposits one in Ryjasthan vid another in West Ber The Rajasthan occurrence is at Rewat 4 kms west of Degana where the mineral occurs in association with fluorite pyrite chalcopynte, mica topaz triplite and leibethinite The ore 18 found as a primary stockwork in granite and the intruded phyllite and as a secondary alluval placer in the neighbourhood of the hill The average tenor of the primary ore is about 05 per cent 10, while that of the secondary lluvial pay dirt 13 variable Although the ore is free from cassisterite, tin oude from O 38-2 75 per cent has been recorded in analysis of the wolfram This deposit 1s being investigated by the Indian Bureau of Mines Thus wolfram deposit has been worked internittently in the past Bc cause of the emergency the State Department of Mines and Geology has ·25 BIINERAL DETELOPMENT AND THE MINING INDUSTRY again started working the alluvial pay dirt and recovering the wolfram by hand picking It is understood that the Department is making a provision of Rs 27 lakhs for tlus operation provisionally Results of the current in Vestigations are awaited before the details of the scheme can be worked out OTHER METALS Among other ores of metals likely to be of economic importance are anti mony with lead ore in the old lead mines at Taragarh near Ajmer, cassis terite at Paroli in Bhilwara and Soniana in Udaipur and Columbite tantalite in pegmatites in Ajmer Udaipur and Bhilwira These need to be explored further Non Metallic Minerals in FLUORITE Fluorite known commercially as fluorspar is the principal fluorine bearing mineral Natural cryolite which has a higher fluorine content used to be the major source but, supplies are dwindling The most important use of fluorite is in the manufacture of hydrofluoric acid and, then, synthetic cryolte and aluminium fluoride for the aluminium industry various fluorine compounds and as a catalyst in the production of high octane fuel Next in order, is its use as a flux in steel making followed by uses in the glass and enamel industries In Rajasthan fluorite occurrences have been found at Mando kı pal and Salumber in Dungarpur, Asind in Bhilwara, Chowki Sikar und Chokri Chapoli in Jhunjhunu Of these the Mando ki pal deposit has been prosed to have a reserve of 15 million tonnes of stone with Car, content of 17 18 per cent, another 0 8 million tonnes is stated to be pro bable The Salumber deposit is under investigation now A few hundred tonnes of hand sorted fluorite is produced annually from the State since 1961 Year Tonnes 1961 212 19f2 310 1963 358 1,64 1965 1966 The development of the Mando-kı pal deposit was one of the schemes included in the State Third Plin However, so far the project has been 2 000 1510 ·26 INDUSTRIAL PROGRAMMES FOR TIC rourti PLAN R YASTIIAN processed only to the extent of getting a flastbility report by a Canadi in firm of Consultants a detailed project report and design for the mill to mine and treat 300 tonnes run of mine stone per day to produce 5 13 tonnes of acid grade and 9,510 tonnes of flux gride spar pcr ycar is to be prepared Recently a larger fluorite deposit of a grade better than the Mſando kı pal deposit his been discovered in the neighbourhood of Amba Dungar in Gujarat The Amba Dungar deposit has a reserve of 16 million tonnes of which more than 40 per cent is stated to average aliout 50 per cent Car and, the rest 20 per cent Cif, This is in comparison with the 23 million tonnes of proved and probable reserves with 17 18 per cent Caf, at Mando ki pal As such it would appear that recovery of the less stringent flux grade spar would be more economic for a low grade deposit like the Mando kı pal one and yield a larger proportion of saleable to treated material It is therefore sugycsted that Mando-kı pal deposit be developed to mine and treat 300 tonnes of run of mine stone per day and produce 16 000 tonnes of flux grade concentrates per year in the Fourth Plan The mine and mill facilities are likely to require an invest ment of Rs 80 lakhs GYPSUM Rajasthan ranks first in production of gypsum in India. This is to be cxpected since 94 per cent of the known gyprum reserves of India is found in Rajasthan Reserves of Gypsum Siale Distret Reserts (In mullion tonnes) BU 30 Rajasthan B kancr Ganganagar 0 25 Jaisalmer 1 30 Jodhpur 3910 Nagaur 81300 Sus TOTAL 933 95 Andha Pradesh too Gujarat 6 70 (Continued) I Sprcfcat ons are Ad grade-95 98 per ( nt CaF2 Slica 1 5 per cent maximum Cale um carbonat 15 per cent maumum 5 Iphuro per cent max mum Flug d B, per cent CF, Sica 6 pe cent mausnum and o 3 per cent sulphur maximum Eig! ty e per cent in G ·27 MINERAL DEVELOPMENT AND THE MINING INDUSTRY 40 00 0 0 914 78 789 88! 758 191 (Contd from page 26) Jammu & Kashmir Himachal Pradesh 040 Madcas 15 60 Uttar Pradesh TOTAL 998 45 The bulk of the reserves in Nagaur occur at depthsi in two basıns one around Dhakuria on the north and the other around Nagaur town in the south In the northern basın the gypsum horizons occur below 75 and 166 metres and in the southern basın below 126 metres So far production is restricted to the surface deposits and has crossed the one million tonne mark in 1962 Tear Tonnes 1960 1961 1962 1 033 742 1963 1 08 929 1964 19 ) 1 039 200 1966 1 153 400 Since the surface is bedded gypsum is admixed with clay and sand at 13 hand sorted to give high grade material above 80 per cent CaSo, 2H,0 Two grades are produced—a fertilizer grade containing 83 to 86 per cent Caso, 2H,0 and a cement grade with 80 83 per cent Ciso, 2H,0 Gradewise, the production in 1964 was as follows Grades Tonnes Above 95° CaSo, 2H, 6 825 go 950 062 03-86 446 993 80-83 299 537 70-80 68 64 8 508 758 191 Consumption by the Sindri Fertilizer Plant is placed at 617 000 tonnes and at 513 000 tonnes by the cement industry in the year 1964 While, in other countries substantial quantities of gypsum are consumed by the building industry as building plaster and also in prefabricated ele ments such a use cannot be foreseen in India for sometimes yet until, the country becomes more affluent Thus its major use must perforce be con fined to the chemical and cement industries 6,70 TOTAL Indian Bureau of Vlines Indian Minerals Bear Book 1962 ·19 IDE TRIAL TRIXRfIOR TIT FURTI 111 hy111 of all the immuunstellatr plante por stins in 191 at Sindri i branil on puth Ilir litt i ce tits Im Kiral enpluut 5)psum u 18 prextured or a los produce ancor of thirts ir 11 11 116 understood that the Sun Elint it erti thyr arronel at the late priptum houlin fir 1 1) from Rajutun analisti pair up thinner thin cim I Lins are nfunt there to suitch to the us fermenul estils ir ilir brun ofrim Amjore sites In thir minn lule thir ul luur ! bor om flere The criment mustry consumpti a likes to por tine! 04 million tonnrs in 1973 71175 unt the lor climate con impotes of 1300 dinara But the off this from Ruthin is likels to tre mund 700 w), 100 mg tonnes nyourly 1973 71 of all their minder mincrier in prowlertino from other states in indi 1hr pr «!uti in in 1" form the root of India stands at just more than 121000 tonnrs worth ins for repulrut to in croic to the level of 10000 16 2011 OK tonnes 11:s inerruri inticipated from additional mining ind from underwri srcovery frein bitirent durin" the cxtriction of salt frein sei unter The above indicate till ther merket for Runthin suprum in 1973 74 15 likely to be 11 n Irsof sync 2010 () 300 000 eura Iruer than the maximum cursed rule ir prexlue is 11 Iloweser sur me is nur of utilisation issulegenic to manufacture sulphuric ack! from supoum with crment clinker is in product Such 1 Source is being used in Inglund in thor ICI plat 16 Billigham According to one assim ut she cost of proxluction of sulphuric acid in ? 100 000 tonnes per ser vid plant wald br R$ 103 per tonne with credit for 100 000 tonnes of clinker : On this estimate acil manuficture from gypsum would cert unls compre fuour this with acid from imported sulphur or pyrstes (I thle !) It is seen that it intitod prices of about Rs 300 per tonnes of im ted sulphur ind in estimated price of Rs 804 for Amjore pyrite acid minuficture from gypsum in Rynsthin woull be cheaper Howeer in view of the repurement 2 tunincs of gypstuin per tonnc oſ nad ng unat 09 connc of pyrites and 031 tonne of sulphur per tonnc of acid locations 11 zy from Ryıthin may not lic suitable 1 On a likely 12 million tonnes capacity r quirem nt at an as raç of 4 per cent sypsum per tonne of cement 2 Podder V 1912 Cemnt 1 sty in ta p 14 The Ind an ilinin and C, in an Journal Sol i Mo If, Market Reset Sulphur quotation at Rs 28 >300 per tonne rock sullur at Ik mbay r 10 . Mfnin, cost at Rs Goper tonne Cost for FOR rail Icad Rs 6 por tonne Irice at Rs 8o per tonne ·29 MINERAL DEVELOPMENT AND TIIP MINING INDUSTRY 'Therefore the establishment of a 100 000 tonne sulphuric acid plant in the Bikaner area would be both helpful in retaining the current level of gypsum production and at the ame time be economic Besides it is also to be noted that (a) the price of sulphur is now at a high level in world markets, () it is also in short supply in world markets (c) India is now faced with a serious shortage of foreign exchange (d) mining conditions in the Amjore pyrite deposit are bad and it may not be possible within the Fourth Plan to develop production very much beyond the 462 000 tonne level already planned and (e) while new deposits of pyrite may be dis covered elsewhere in India their development is not likely before the Fifth Plan In view of the above there is need to tap every other possible source of sulphur for acid A hundred thousand tonnes per year production of acid from an indigenous raw material would result in a saving of at least Rs 66 lakhs worth of foreign exchange per vear Thule in the immediate future production may be confined to sulphuric acid (and cement chnler) later on the facility can be integrated with a phosphatic fertilizer capacity to produce single or triple superphosphate The possibility of utilizing the nitrogen in furnace gasesi to ammoniate the phosphatic fertilizer produced may also be looked into at that stage Thus, the possibilities of utılızıng gypsum that have been discussed above indicate that the level of gypsum production in Rajasthan could be main tained at the current level of 1,100 000 tonnes during the Fourth Plan LIMESTONE Rajasthan is endowed with large resources of limestone occurrences arc to be found among the Aravalli Raialo Ajahgarh Vindhyan and Tertiary rocks in practically all the different regions of the State These include crys tallınc limestones as well 25 sedimentary horizons Some are dolomitic and some sılıccous The following are some of the limestone accurrences 1 Iccording to Padron ci p 138 The furnacr gases in this process consist 8 per cent sulphur doude o per cent carbon droude one per cent oxygen and 7 per cent niftog n Ray BC 191 The Fconomic Cology and \lineral Resources of Rajasthan Alemor of the Gel nol Sur of India lot 26 S5th: 11 rg 1 natal Rurces of Rajathan Govt of Rajasthan Deparlment Vinrs & Crol y Bulletin Varblc occurrencrs are slown within bu chets ·30 Int STRIAL PANOR FOR Tir Ot RTI LAI *A) 171 manzman (11/11 (kunat Sanar Aharna at this ifra 1), !o ra lutawa pia habara luni ( 1 V. Ifrat natri Wwar Allan nan m's Harul !! ( * ) Dr Ihr mata Rajnagar than wara Alumra futa Solla Bank tall not tale (2) rearl (1 Samuel ta 1hun an Vineri \unt! Inne Dat Jamir Ariel Ai luttgart Jatalm wth II Im In I riul rally Jalore furi ] Whair that Ara Jara VILL Rankan usul Nagauri in !! Madina (ntan ادر 5 رادا 117 its 2537 Sawai Hal in tal d. lain Sikar Vanla Tim ka lana De la Sirohi 1R11 natans U laiptar Iar ! in 213 Ian38 Besides the likhien w Thul xhi depusts fedi tre loin. worked for cement manufacture month attenduere lys the State Department of Mines and colourse indicated tler Ollowing inferred reserves of cement grde limestones Di frucht I ferred with (in mill on tonnes) Chittorgarh (nrsno Sirohi kat Udaipur Darilo Jarpur A pe to Bunda hesarpura n ar hun lo Pali Near Danar Sikar mka Thina Sikar Besides extensive quarryinn of the Vindhyan Miminer limestone Chittorgarh and hoti districte limestone is being worked for coment making and lime Production of limestone since 1960 hins been as follows rea freuent fik et a om malto (In tonnes) rafo 538 902 186 80 (Continued) A lnd an Bureau of Mins Seth Vi 11 wer il NT! / pjatlar Cort of Rajasthan Depoiment of Nincs & Geoloby TOS P 16 دا ارز 112 in ·31 MINERAL DEVELOPMENT AND THE MIINING INDUSTRY (Corld from page 30) 1961 1 619 841 NA 1962 1 691 771 NA 1963 1 736 593 469 300 1964 1 717 790 NA 1963 I 820 000 NA 13f6 1 715 200 NA There are at present three cement plants in the State at Lahlerı, Sawai Madhopur and Chittorgarh Together the total capacity of the three is 1 35 million tonnes per year Tonagewise, the major use of limestone is in the cement industry next, in order, are its uses in the iron and steel and chemical industries While Rajasthan has limestone of sufficient purity for use as flux in the iron and steel industry the large requirements for this material are in the castern region Because of the long haul involved the present large scale iron and steel plants in the iron and steel belt are not likely to draw upon the flux grade limestone resources of Rajasthan However about 50 000 to 60 000 tonnes of flux grade limestone with low insolubles would be required by 1973 74 for the proposed pig iron plant near Udaipur and for copper Smelting Recommendations have been made elsewhere in this Report to create additional capacities of the order of 1 65 million tonnes of cement per year in the Fourth Plan of which 100 000 tonnes would be by product of the gypsum sulphuric acid plant in Bikaner The above additional cement capacities suggested are likely to require about 250 million tonnes of limestone per year by 1973 74 Along with other requirements for flux and chemical grade stone additional mining capa city to be created in the Fourth Plan is envisaged at 2 55 million tonnes a year which would entail an inve tment of Rs 16 crores MICA There are three important mica bearing tracts in India 1€, in Bihar, Andhra Pradesh and Rajasthan The mica belt in Rajasthan has a general NNESSW trend extending from Jupur in the north east to Udaipur, over 1 dıştance of more than 320 kilometres The mica Occurs in coarse granitic permatites in the gneissic complex and schists at the contacts and, associated with quartz cores of the pegmatites themselves About 40 per cent of the total yield is of the ruby variety but is often stained warped or cracked In some of the mines the qualıty of the mica improves with depth though not in all the cases Among other drawbacks are that only sickle dressing is carried out in the State, often with Bihar ·32 INDI STT IAL PROGRAMS for TIIT TOE RTI TIAI RAJASTI labour, and then sent for further processing to Miliar As 1 runt Ryithin mica industry lacks direct marketint. contacts outside Inder Production of cruelc mic since 1060 15 shown lining for Rajasthan along with that of India Ceudo Mic. Troductlon (in tonn 1960 1961 1969 1963 1964 1965 1966 8 317 1 720 60 1,60 - 336 39,6 3 428 3 88 In la 2117 123 21,1 Rajasthan 736 7630 Rajasthan as per cent of India 25 77 + 96 + Indigenous consumption being negligible the mica mining industry in India is solely dependent on export murhets I sports of mici (urmenu factured) from India are gi cn below since 1938 Year (Jant 1 I lue se forra iro ralu of Ipil (in tonne) Rs (Rs per lg ) 1938 (Jan Dec ) 13149 4 735 1959 23 jan 11 x 6 4647 81 1961 1 +7 99 1962 31 118 1 G 1963 3107, 883 32 2539 1964 29 811 .) B291 1965 37 ) 72 00 2978 1966 31 000 183 so 4140 Includ s blocks splittings scrap cond nser films an! other mica not manufactured It is seen that while the volume of exports has risen by about 50 per cent, from a level of 20 000 tonnes to n level of 30 000 tonnes the quantum of export earnings has not increased appreciably or in other words prices realised have been progressively lower The Indjan mica industry is made up of numerous small producers who have little bargaining power Consequently intense internal competition has developed among themselves with the result that they have tended to undercut each other in prices Concerned at such a turn of events the Government of Indın lins banned the export of mica on a consignment basis Floor prices have been fixed for the various varieties of mica An irrevocable letter of credit is to be opened in favour of the exporter before consignment is made To sum up the mica industry in India has almost les clled off and any further significant rise in mine output or export is not to be expected 1 e ·MINERAL DEVELOPMENT AND THE MINING INDUSTRY 33 ASBESTOS Amphibole asbestos is found in Ajmer, Bhilwara, Dungarpur Palt and Udaipur Occurrences of the chrysotile variety have also been noted and it is understood that one of these in the neighbourhood of Rakhabdeo, near Udaipur is being investigated by a private company Chrysotile is of limited occurrence in India the bulk of the asbestos pro duce is of the amphibole variety Rajasthan accounts for about three fourths of the production Amphibole asbestos froin the State has been tested by Messrs Powhatar Mining Co of the USA and found not suitable for the manufacture of asbestos cernent products More recently the Central Fuel Research Institute is reported to have had some success in the use of amphibole asbestos in asbestos cement sheets etc It would be desirable to test the Rajasthan asbestos at the Institute In the means hile, it is anticipated that the asbestos production in the State which has been increasing steadily can be expected to increase further Year Tonnes 1959 931 19fo 1 184 1962 I 320 1963 1964 2 413 196. 4 000 1966 5 900 A limuting factor, however is likely to be the reserves which are known only for a few following deposits 1 1 033 1961 2 133 Ajmer-3 000 tonnrs to a depth of 152 metres Bhilwara-4.00 tonnes to a depth of 30 48 metres Jodhpur - Goo tonn s to a depth of 15 25 metres Udaipur-16 000 tonnes to a depth of 30 48 metres In sits of the attention that is now being paid to increasing the indigenous content of the asbestos used by the Indian asbestos cement industry it would be desirable if all the deposits are investigated and their reserves estimated BARYTES Occurrences of barytes the sulphate of barium are ſound in Alwar and Bharatpur Alınıng is often humpered by deterioration in grade and pinching out of veins at depth Rescries have been estimated as follows 1 Indian Bureau of Vines diar linerals Yar Buch 1962 P 170 ·31 INDUSTRIAL PROGRAMES FOR TIP FOLTI TLAS RAJASTUIAY Tonnes Ion Sainpura Blanketa hora Wakron Babalai Hathori 300 O TOTAI 80 000 Current production is mainly of thic off colour inferior grades Crinden facilities to pul crizc thc mineral are 21 slable at Alwar and Duusa Whic production has inccased from a level of 2000 tonnes in 1939 to 1 laci of 9 365 tonnes in 1964 12 100 tonnes in 1965 but dropped to 7 100 in 1966 and further increases are likely in the short term sucli 1 trend cunot l»c forecast on a firm basis for longer spans on account of the limited reserves BENTOVITE Bentonite 1s ? plastic clay such 1175 3 capacity to suell on the absorption of water It is mainly used in dull mud composition foundries for moulds and for lining canals tanks etc Other uses arc is 1 bleaching cly and in paints arc welding ctc Guirt Bihar and Ryzsthan followed by Uttir Pradesh in that order produce this mineral In 1960 Rysthan produced 5 700 tonnes In view of its increasing use production may be ex pected to rise further by 1973 74 CALCITE Calcite is the crystalline form of calcium nonntc when transparent it is known as iceland spar and used in optıcıl instruments Ground calcite is used in non scratch metal polishes as a filler in various industries like paper rubber and sugar insecticides disinfectants and in making glazes etc High purity calcite occurs in veins in Dungarpur Jhunjhunu Palı Sıkar Sirohi and Udaipur districts The State is the leading producer of the mineral in India accounting for more than 1 third of the total production Production of Calcite (In tonnes) Wha Rajasthan 19fo 9 325 4 60 1961 is 18 4136 1gf3 13 907 1963 14 776 4 93 1967 13 906 4 873 196 no 481 1966 17 751 7 859 ma 556 7 886 ·35 MINERAL DEVELOPMENT AND THE MINING INDUSTRY In view of the increasing requirements of mineral fillers in diverse industries, the requirement of calcite which has increased substantially in the five years, 1960 65 18 expected to increase at the same rate Thus it is inticipated that all India production may reach a level of 30 000 tonnes by 1973 74 and Rajasthan s production around 10 000 tonnes CLAYS Clays suitable for pottery and chinas are are found at Botiz in Barmer, Chandi and Mudh in Bikaner and Literiya in Palı districts Others which have been prospected by the State Department of Nines and Geology are Indo Kabala Mlundhua Diaria, Geejgarh and Eral in Bikaner Jodhpur and Jaipur The Geological Survey is intestigating a promising deposit at Badrajun Besides the above fire clay occurs in association with the lignite seams at Palana Some of the clays from Bikaner and Jaipur show good plasticity While a number of occurrences have been found as above they are not comparable in quality or size to those in Rajmahal in Bihar or those in herala Consequently, production of such clays in Rajasthan forms but a small proportion of the total production in India In 1966 the States share had reached a level of about 2 3 per cent with a run of mine output of 12 825 tonnes out of a total of 554 000 tonnes for India In view of the sizeable production clays from the adjoining States like Delhi Gujarat Madhya Pradesh not to speak of large production from Bihar production of china clay in the State would be primarily for consumption internally hence it is expected that in Rajasthan the production may register a modest increase and reach a level of 20 000 tonnes a year by 1973 74 DOLOMITE True dolomites are rare in Rajasthan Mostly, the material found 1 either a dolomite limestone or a dolomitic marble These are reported to lyn worked in Alwar Ajmer and Jhunjhunu mainly for preparing chups for the building trade EMERALDS Rajasthan is the solitary emerald producing State in India. The more important mines are at Bubanı Chat Gudas, and Rajgarh in Ajmer and Dhalanka Guda, Gamgurha Kalgumin and Tihhi in Udaipur Since the emerald occurs in pockets whuch are sporadıc in their distribution, the production fluctuates substantially from year to year ·36 INDUSTRIAL PROGRAMOILS FOR TIE FOLRTII LAN RAJASTHAY Telpstar The myjor 15c or feldspar is in the ceramic industry and 18 1 Smirce for alumına sodi and polash in gliss compositions in the latter usc, nepheline syenites can also be used Other lises include scouring compounds etc la the last few ycars some quantitics Suic been reported I sports wluch ETC ncarly stagnant during the three years 1960 63 went upto 5 359 tonnes in 1965 Production of Feldspar (in tonnes 1 rar In a P) than F Maris 1717 I12 I 2011 10 613 10 9 20 238 217) 1 03 ni 170 Iof 3 ! 3fin 5,6 10f + 17 000 18 000 26 770 26001 53,9 31441 196) I 66 In view of the rising internal consumption and increased exports it is likely that production in India may reich 3 level of 60 000 tonnes by 1973 74 of which Rajasthans contribution may be tround 30 000 tonnes Since feldspar commonly occurs in the mici bearing pegmatites it is most economically won as ? by product of mica mining induscry FULLERS CARTXI This is a naturally occurring belaching clny others which can be used for the same purpose arc bentonite and bruxitc among minerals Rajasthan has large reserves of fullers earth in Bakuner and Jaisalmer, however production has been fluctuating during the last few years Year Tanes (730 8 402 1958 7800 1960 1962 19f 3 8 982 1964 7580 16 490 1966 This is probably due to the availability of others like bentonite and biuste whuch can be used as e Tectively as fullers carth It would be useful to test the possibilities of using this material in pozzolanıc cements and, to make light weight aggregates ·37 MINCRAL DEVELOP3LENT AND THE MINING INDUSTRY GARNET Though known since early times as a semi precious stone and such quality stones have been won from Rajasthan, the bulk of the material is of inferior grades suitable only for use as an abrasive Sarwar and Rajmahal in Jaipur, Phulad in Jodhpur, Maja Jahajpur, Sangna and Pur in Bhilwara and Nandısı Choti Kane. Bilia and Sarısıtı in Ajmer are some of the better known garnet bearing areas in the State Current production from Rajasthan is around 400 tonnes a year, the State being the sole producer of the mineral in India Though well known as a natural abrasive, the advent of synthetic abrasives with their extreme hardness sharpness and uniform quality precludes any appreciable increase in the requirement of natural abrasives GRAPHITE Low grade graphite with 12 20 per cent fixed carbon occurs in Rajasthan at a number of places in Ajmer and Banswara A few occurrences have been noted in Jaipur and Udaipur The deposits are also small YAVITE Small occurrences of kyanite have been recorded in mica schists or in asso ciation with corundum in Dungarpur Jarpur and Udaipur Small lots used to be raised in the State till 1957 since then production has been recorded only in two years ie, 1961 ard 1966 when 16 and 61 tonnes were produced respectively Not only are these deposits small but the material is not of the same class as massive kyanite of Bihar MAGYFSITE Magnesite has been reported from Hatondi, Sendra Soladipura und Viangali in Jaipur division Patan in Jodhpur and Sabıl and Sisot Dungarpur In Dungarpur breunnerite the iron bearing variety said occur This is an ideal material for the manufacture of refractories and, therefore may be investigated further in to OCHRE Red Ochre occurs at Kanauj in Tonk about 100 000 tonnes are reported to have been won already but an equal quantity is stated to be available sull Another occurrence is near Barva in Udajpur Currently small lots are being produced Appreciable increases in production are not expected ·38 INDUSTRIL TROGIR WAS FOR TIL jotk711 ILAV RUASTIAN Production of Ochre in Rajasthan und India from 1960 to 1966 15 911en belous Irat Uro Intra 2167, (In tonnes) Rajasthan 13 G دارو۱ 22 ) 14 vor 3 31% 33 32 910 36,97 30 403 16) 273 32) R 505 53 QUARTZ AND SILICA Both quartz and friable sindstones from wluch sand can be obtained arc found in Rajasthan Quartz is found both in pegmatics in the mica bele and also as quartz rcers Silich sind from friablc sundstones occur as follows District Location of droit 5.0 in sand (In mijlon tonnes) (In per cent) Bikaner Viudh 1 2013-1) 19 Bundi Barodhua 89 4099 31 hota Kundi 911-36 hota Khemaj and Shahbad 94 52 Sawai Madhopur Sawai Madhopur 96 53-97,0 Sawai Vadhopur Narauti NA Jaipur Jhia 90-95 Production of quartz and silica sand in the State has been steadily increasıng from 17 458 tonnes in 1958 to about 50 000 tonnes in 1965 The material produced 18 consumed in the glass ſictories withun the State and also despatched to consumers in other States, the latter accounting for the bulk of the demand The same pattern of utilization may be expected to continue and it is likely that the production may go upto about 120,000 tonnes by 1973 74 oito PO STEATITE Rajasthan is the most important steatite producing State in India and accounted for 84 per cent of the total production in 1966 VERMICULITE Vermiculite is akin to mica and has the property of exfolation It finds use in light weight insulation refractories Current requirements hve been ·39 MINCRAL DEVELOPMENT AND THE BIINING INDUSTRY estimated at 1 thousand tonnes per year However the total production from Rajasthan and Andhra Pradesh has been well below this level Gudas Rajgarlı Kaklana, Lachipura Barla Hatund: Chat, Mangalwas, Ajassan and Razipura in Ajmer are the vermiculite bearing areas in the State About 60,000 tonnes of the mineral are stated to be available in these occurrences Production began in 1962 in the State, 61 312, 50, 174 and 129 tonnes being produced in 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965 and 1966 res pectively BUILDING STONES Rajasthan is an important producer of dimension stones of sandstonc marble and limestone for use in building construction Their distribution is shown below.1 scries Grolo rcal hon on Type of stone Important occurrences Aravalli Schistose Jarpur Toda Rai Singh system quartzite Bhankri Chitoli Jaisinghpura Marble Sirohi Bhatana Jalore Rupi Ralalo Marble Alwar Jhiri Dadampur Devimata Rajnagar Jaipur Kishengarh Skar Maonda Nagar Makrana Delhi Quartzite Jaipur Amagarh system phyllites Alwar Mehtawas Кауза Slate Alwar Kund Vindhyan Sandstone Jaipur Kotr Jaggar system hota harauli Modak Bundi Karauli Later Bharatpur Pundbarcta Dholpur Sri Mathura Bari Udaipur Vandalgarh Jodhpur Fidusar hatu (Continued) 1 Schi VI L-1996 Afine al Resources of Rajasthan Bulleun lo 4 Department of Vines and Geology Government of Rajasthan pp 60 and 127 133 ·40 INDUSTRIAL PROGIAvues rOR THC 1 OURTI PLAN RAJASTIAN Geolo rcal hors on Type of stone Important occurfences Bikaner Dulmera Bidasar Limestonc hota Ramgan, Mandi Vloral Lakchi Sawai Madhopur Udaipur Chittor Mimbahera Khodip Jurassic Marble Jaisalmer Deon Chakhradha Besides the above there are grinites and gneisses like the pink granite associated with the Malanı rhyolites in Jodhpur While the dimension stones from Rajasthan are extensively used in the neighbouring States there may be some possibilities for export of these also, es quartzites and sandstones and marble QUARTZITE/SANDSTONE It is understood that there is a considerable overseas demand vor hard wear ing paving stones Quartzite appears to be preferred It has been reported that the output of quartzite slate by Alta Skiferbrudd A/S of Alen in the north of Norway is rising to over 8 million square feet? The demand is stated to be running at record levels well ahead of supplies? The bull of the Norwegian exports go to Netherlands and Germany! In view of this enhanced demand export of quartzite slate is to be under taken from South Africa also and a contract is reported to have been fina lised to export 100 000 tonnes of the material over a 10 year period to a This particular quartzite from Mamaqualand in South Africa is light grey to bluish in colour and is to be supplied in a uniform thickness between 3/8 and 5/8 of an inch sawn into squares or rectangles As far as indications go Norway Italy and South Africa arc the major cxporters of such quartzite paving stones Whule the above trade relates to quartzites similar use of sandstone slabs could also be explored in the over scas markets Among marbles it is reported that there is a popular demand for yellow, rcd cined and brecciated marbles in the US which are not produced The possibiliues of cxporting the yellow marble from Jarsalmer may also be looked into Swiss company there 11 7 ! London Jugust 27 lfs 29 J mal London January 1365 pp 10 & 11 SU Bu du of Vinny x I Fact and Problem in do PP, 8 ·MIVING DEVELOPMENT AND THE BIVING INDUSTRY 79 100 414 oua 439 282 307 262 $6" 700 4f2 700 436 400 356 Ero 89 SALT Rajasthan produces more than 400 000 tonnes of salt annually and is the fourth ranking salt producing State in India after Gujarat, Madras and Maharashtra 1950 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 India 3 177 647 133 677 3 7 0 600 3 896 100 4 544 100 4 846 800 4 714 375 Guja at 163 471 603 303 1 &u8fco Tour 300" #9 700 * 518 600 2 664 00 Vadras 673 04+ 76,7,8 730 31 99 400 ,86 god Vaharashtra 373 573 383 70 ) 46r ano 441 200 Rajasthan 300 148 31 100 84 300 4686 Rajasthan as Prcent of India 55 99 96 75 99 Unlike the other leading salt producing areas in India where sea water constitutes the salt source in Rajasthan the brine sources are derived from anland drainage basins or these the most important are the Sambhar and Didwana lakes Pachbadra Bharatpur Phalod, Jaisalmer Pokran, Lumkaransar are some of the other areas here sub-soul brine is obtained from wells or pits dug for the purpose Compared to the other salts, the Rajasthan salts contain sodium sulphate and to lesser extent sodium carbonate These amount to 18 per cent in the Didwana and 2 3 per cent in the Sainbhar brines A 20 tonne per day refrı geration plant to recover the sodium sulphate has been installed at Didsvana The Sambhar Didwana and Pachbadra sources are being worked in the public sector while the Phalodi Pokaran Telchapar and huchaman areas are being worked in the private sector Along with additicnal areas to be taken up in other States like Gujarat Vadras, Andhra Pradesh and Orissa sufficient salt would be available for the country s entire requirement in 1973 74 It is also to be noted that Rajasthan has already reached a level of production near what was set for the Third Plan viz 500 000 tonnes Rather than increase in the acreage further could be directed towards greater re covery of sodium sulphate in the Tourth Plan thereby improving the purity of the salt produced 1 OTHER REPORTED OCCURRCICES Among other Occurrences are ores of antimony bismuth cobalt gold molybdenum tin and nicheliferous and usaniſerous ores and apatite bauxite bersi corundum ilmenite pyrite rutile, serpentine top72, tnplate and Zircon * This is bein discussel in the Chapter on Chemical Industries

·42
INDUSTRIAL PROGRAMMES FOR THE FOURTII PLAN
RAJASTHAN
Implications of the Development Programme Suggested
Rajasthans forte is non ferrous metals While the occurrences of copper
at hhetri Lolihin and Dariba and lead ind zinc ores at Zawar are to be
developed, there still remlin a number of other occurrences to be explored
in detail In this connection 1 reference may be made to the aerial
exploration programme undertaken by the Government of India for which
foreign assistance has been provided by the US AID However, such a
programme does not eliminate follow up ground parties and it is in thus
context that a recommendation has been made herein for an expenditure
of Rs 90 lakhs for further mineral exploration
Table 10 gives mineral wise implications of the suggested programme
A
summary of the same is given below
Investment (R$ crores)
2717
Net output
(Rs Crores)
Employment (Numbers)
15 200
10 00

·4
Metallurgical and Metal-Based Industries
IN THIS CHAPTER the discussion is on the development possibilities for
engineering industries which are also termed as 'metallurgical and metal
based industries The discussion is by the following broad industry groups
А Basic metal industries
B
Secondary products of steel and other metals
Metal products except machinery and transport equipment
D Machinery, except electrical
E Electrical industries
Transport equipment
G Miscellaneous industries
Basic Metal Industries
The industries in this group are
(a) Pig iron
(6) Mild steel
(c) Alloy steels
(d) Ferro-alloys
(c) Copper ingots
Aluminium ingots
(s) Zinc ingots
(h) Lead ingots
(1) Other non ferrous metals
The above industries are largely mineral based Rajasthan is deficient in

·44 INDUSTRIAL PI OGRAMMES TOR TIC FOUI TIL PL-IN MISTIAN minerals for ferrous metal production but is fortunate in hrung mineral resources for the production of lead, zint (with cadmium and silver) and copper Exploitation of the minerils for production of non ferrous metals has commenced in the State in case of zinc, lead and copper 300 100 100 160 PIO TROV At the national level the requirement of foundry grade pır iron by 1973 74 is now estimated at around 22 million tonnes according to the recent study by the National Council, namely Long Term Projections of Iron and Steel This demand is expected to be met as shoun below Plant Quantity (in 000 tonnes) Bhilas 330 Durgapur IISCO 300 Miscellanrous Barbi! Talcher Bokaro 300 TOTAL 2 190 In addition to above a number of licences have been granted for production of foundry grade pug iron Even if none of these materialıse the above capacities ire adequrte to meet the demand during the Fourth Plan period In Rajasthan one firm haman Industrial Corporation Limited has been branted a licence for production of sig iron near Udripur from ailable indications this licence in Rajasthun may not materjalisc VILD STEEL INGOTS As the resources position of Rajasthan either iron orc or metallurgical coil are not adequate for supporting even a fur se integrated aron and steel plant the production of mild steel ingots has to be ruled out for the State ALLOY AND SPECIAL STEELS The schemes coming up clsex here to the couriers both on tire puble and private sectors for the production of alloy and special steels are considered adequate to meet the anticipated demand by the end of thr Fourth Plan and as such they have not been considered here for Rajasthan Turther Toth the availability of steel scrap and clectric power in adequate quantity and fasmurahle tanffs are problems in Rajasthan wluch also rule out consi derations if the all and special steel industy in the State ·45 METALLURGICAL AND METAL BASED INDUSTRIES FERRO ALLOYS The above remarks for alloy und special steel also apply to this item 46 491 63 339 fo 000 45 000 COPPER INGOTS The shortage of non ferrous metals in the country emphasise the impor tance for the maximum exploitation of the available non ferrous metallic ores in the country The consumption of copper in India and in the world for recent years is given below Consumption of Refined Copper (In tonnes) rear India Torld 1962 4 997 500 1963 78 370 5 300 000 1964 5 81, 700 196) 64 000 5 96 100 1966 64-0 400 1967 6 093 700 • The Eastern Afetal Review Against the consumption of about 70 000 to 80,000 tonnes, indigenous pro duction has been only of the order of 10 000 tonnes The production figures for the past years are as follows Production of Copper (Virgia Metal)a I ear Production (ln tonnes) 1961 8746 1962 781 9 587 9 455 1965 9 360 1966 9 362 19f7 * Central Statistical Organisation Monthly Stalist (s of the Production A good deal of work is being carried out for finding out ways and means for substitution of copper by other metals like aluminium but still considering the wide gap betucen indigenous supply and demand there is good scope for increasing the production of copper ingots but the main obstacle is shortage of copper bearing ore No firmi estimates are available for dem ud of copper in the country by 1973 71 but it is not expected to be lower thin 120,000 tonnes 1963 1964 8 900

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·47 METALLURGICAL AND METAL BASED INDUSTRIES 1961 G Production of zınc in India started in middle of 1967 Previously zinc con centrates from Zawar mines in Rajasthan were sent to Japan for smelting on toll basis and the metal brought back The import of zinc (virgin metal) alloys and products for recent years are given in the following table lear Imports (In tonnes) 65 689 1962 63 8, 476 1963-64 81 3.6 1964 62 71 130 196, 66 80-10 1966 67 4" 031 The decline in imports are not merely due to a fall in the demand but are attributable to restrictions on imports On the basis of the present day uses of zinc in this country the demand in 1973 74 is not likely to be less than 150 000 to 200 000 tonnes However, the actual requirement may be less than this figure as substitution efforts are being made now specially in the ficld of protective coating--aluminising in place of galvanising Still the demand of zinc will be substantially large Hindustan Zinc Ltd has commissioned a plant in May 1967 at Debarı near Udaipur with the production capacity of 18 000 tonnes of zinc per year This plant was scheduled to come in production in the Third Plan period but due to various reasons was delayed The ore for this unit is available from Zawar Mines (Mochi3 Working) Another smelter has come up in the country based on imported concen trates in herala (Cominco Binanı Zinc Smelter) One more zinc smelter is being planned to be set up at Vishahapatnam in public sector with Polish help This is likely to come in the Fourth Plan and is also based on impor ted concentrales The combined capacity of all these including one at Debari will be of the order of 60 000 tonnes per year Even after full pro duction is achics cc at thescunits thercwall still bc wide gap lictueen demand and supply The blocked and proved reserves and drilled and indicated reserves at Mochia Zawar Mines are of the order of 24 million tonnes Another 11 6 milhon tonnes ve indicated in the adjoining two properties of Hindustan Zinc Ltd Prospecting is being carried out at other places in view of these deposits and shortage of zinc in country the capacity of zinc smelter could easily be increased by 18 000-20 000 tonnes per annum gested dat the expansion of Debtri sinciter by 18 000—20,000 tonnes capa city bc undertalen carly It is sug ·48 INDUSTRIAL PROGRAINTIES FOR T71E FOURTII PLAN RAJASTHAN LEAD Lead is a major non ferrous metal used widely in storage batteries paper insulated lead sheathed cables pigments and compounds chemical plant printing industry and jointing for cast iron pipes The import of lead during the last few years in the country is given belon lear Thousand tonnes 1960 1901 27 3 340 374 1916) 3+ 2 195) 66 417 The indigenous production of icad has been is given below rear Tonnes 1gf 64 2532 1 f6-67 514 1967-61 At present there is only one lezd smelter in the country - letal Corporation of India s smelter 1 Tundon in Bihar The lead concentrates for this plant arc sent from Zawar Nines in Ryjasthan At present the capacity of this plant is 5 400 tonnes of lead per year The ore at \fochua lline (inwar) contuns fair quantity of lead but at the adjoining section the orc is predominantly a zinc orc-8% zinc and 0.05% leid But a huu neur Udupur there are promising deposits of icad These are vt to be proved Work is being carried out by the State Depare mene of Vines and Geology The Icad concentrates are taken to Tundoo in Dikur for smelung insolving herr, freight It is suggested that a lead Smelter ic put up in Rajasthan ne ir Debari for smelting local orc-Crom 22unr and hatır The capacity of this smelter may be fixed around 11,000 tonnas per seir The existin, smelter at Tundoo may then be run on imported concentrates Iun 10 is only about 290 kilometres from the port of Calcutta 1 267 Orck I usic VETILS CI-14!S: 1 Lend zinc ore contains cadmium and silver also At H-Ilaxri zinc im frer there are arrin ements for recovery of 75 tonnes of Cmur profiil Bith thir stompsted expansin of ticat ahit to double 111 CUCI itu ter sets of cudmiltin sul also go upto 10 tnnnn Tir mais use of culmium is ta etir clectroplating industry as a most 1 ·INDUSTRIES 49 METALLURGICAL AND METAL BASED proof coating on iron and steel Other uses are in pigment manufacture in nickel cadmium batteries, in electrical cables and in electronic instruments industry The import of cadmium during last few years in the country is given below 2 ear Tonnes 1961 62 196 63 42 1963 64 GC 196463 107 1965 66 154 1966-67 58 The firm estimates of demand for cadmium in 1973 74 are not available but the expansion of zinc smelter will go a long way to wipe off dependence on imports as far as this metal is concerned Silver is another by product of the zinc smelter Hindustan Zinc Limited 15 to recover about 11 000 kgs of silver per year with the contemplated expansion programme silver recovery will also go up Tungsten The import of tungsten ore, metal and products during last six years are given below Tungsten in ols Year Ferro lun, sken Tungsten ore and concentrates Tungsten Total products value value (Rs lakhs) (Rs lakhs) Quy I alue (Tonncs) (Rs lakhs) Qty (Tonnes) Talne (RS lakhs) Qly (Tonnes) I alue (Rs lakhs) 8 2 3 1 5 1 1 8 19 39 34 14 16 181 4 1 3 1 7 100 3 9 33 17 1961 6. 62 29 1962 63 61 45 1963 64 46 1964 65 13 1965-66 45 1966 67 9 157 4 69 There is no production of tungsten in India and as such the import figures may be taken as the minimum demand in these years With the programmes for increasing the manufacture of alloy steels the requirement of tungsten 41 46 9 4 35 23 will go up Rajasthan possesses the only known tungsten ore deposits in the country Mining of the ore was undertaken during war years and again between 1950 and 1954 A detuled prospecting programme had been undertaken by the Indian Bureau of Mines during last several years ind it is expected that the same would shortly be completed ·50 INDUSTRIAL PROGRAMNICS FOR TIC FOURTII PLAN RAJASTIAN As soon as the ore is proved, steps should immediately be taken in the Tourth Plan period itself to extract metal from the ore This will save the much required foreign exchange The size of the plant can only be decided after completion of the prospecting by Indian Bureau of Mines This units tonnes Secondary Products of Steel and Other Metals MILD Steel RE ROLLING There are three re-rolling mills in Rajasthan licensed under the Industries (Development and Regulation) Act, 1951 with a total capacity of 5 400 tonnes per year In addition there are a few smaller units in this field Generally the re rolling industry caters to markets close by and produces mainly bars angles squares and flats used in construction works as reinforcement etc The requirement of bars and rods for construc tion purposes in the State in 1973 74 is estimated 15 000 tonnes demand can be met to a great extent by multiple shift working of the present No new unit is suggested Steer STRUCTURAL FABRICATION The use of fabricated structures is very wide-from industrial buildings to power stations to transport to sluice gates to steel bridges etc By 1973 74 the demand for fabricated steel structures is expected to be of the order of 640 000 The present installed capicity is 375 000 and the total installed and sanctioned capacity is of the order of 104 million tonnes In Rajasthan Kamanı Engineering Corporation Jaipur is having manu facturing capacity of (a) 24 000 tonnes of transmission towers and (b) 6 000 tonnes of heavy structurals The capacity of this unit is sufficient to meet the local demand and at the national level no additional capacity need be set up hence neither an expansıon of the existing unit or the setting up of a new unit is suggested in Rajasthan IROY CASTINCS The present installed capacity in the country for the production of iron castings amounts to 1 478 million tonnes including small scale sector An additional capacity of about 0 217 million tonnes has also been licensed mak ing a total of 1 695 million tonnes The demand by 1973 74 is expected to be of the order of 2 10 million tonnes Some of the gap betu cen demand and likely supply will be talen care of by public sector projects like foundry forge plant pumps and compressors plant Therefore there may not be scope for new largc foundnes some expansions in presently sanctioned capa cities may be possible ·51 METALLURGICAL AND METAL BASED INDUSTTILS No large iron foundry exists in Rajasthan at present There are few foun dries operating in the small scale sector but these are not well organised to be economical Two large units have however been recently licensed in the State, M/s Associated Iron & Steel Industries with a capacity of 9 000 tonnes per year and M/s hamanı Engineering Corporation with a capacity of 4 800 tonnes for heavy duty castings The second unit is associated with the setting up of a pig iron plant As the pig iron unit may not come up in the near future the fate of the foundry unit is also uncertain Steel CASTINCS In Rajasthan M/s National Engineering Co, Jaipur are putting up a steel foundry This will be casting axle boxes, etc, required by the firm which were previously procured from outside foundries The overall position in the country is such that the demand has not caught up as per expectations and consequently there is an over licensing of capa Cities The capacities licensed till now are of the order of 420 270 tonnes while the anticipated demand in 1973 74 will be below 200,000 tonnes Under these circumstances no new steel foundry capacity is suggested in Rajasthan CI SPUN PIPES Cast iron pipes find extensive use in water supply works These are also used for culverts and rain water disposal The requirement of C I pipes in the State has been e timated on the basis of urban and rural water supply schemes during the Fourth Plan perod The requirement will be of the order of 24,000 tonnes by 1973 74 In Rajasthan two units were licensed in 1960 for the production of CI spun pipes--Paramount Industries & Agencies Jaipur, with a capacity of 24 000 tonnes and Rajasthan Pipes Ltd hota with a capacity of 30 000 tonnes per year Both these projects did not make any progress and recently the two licences were revoked In view of the excess capacity in the country for CI pipes no unit is recommended in Rajasthan STEEL PIPES AND TUBES The demand by 1973 34 for stech pipes and tubes will be of the order of 490,000 tonnes The present installed capacity is of the order of 483 680 tonnes and an additional capacity of 86 600 tonnes is under implementation and licences are pending for 264 000 tonnes giving a total of 834 280 tonnes per year if all the licences materialise 1 rom the hove it is clerr that there 18 not much scope in this field at present ·52 INDUSTRIAL PROGRAMES FOR THIE FOURT PLAN RAJASTHAN STEEL WIRES The production of wire drawing unit (controlled by steel control) in the country during 1966-67 and 1967 68 was as follows (In tonnes) Type of we 1966 67 1967 68 4.) 260 48 016 Black wire Galvanised iron wire (a) Telegraph Wire (6) Others 18igh carbon wire 630 30 oC 2 {'05 38 719 15 529 106 313 26 640 10S 566 TOTAL rear The import of steel wires during last six years is given below Import (In tonnes) 1961 62 104 346 1962 63 78 773 1963 64 78 381 *964 65 78 2 3 1965 66 36 631 1966 67 16 087 Thesc heavy imports are indications of the gaps berseen the country s demand and indigenous production The demand of steel wires in 1973 74 has been estimated by NCAER at 420 000 tonnes The capacities existing and licensed/approved both in large and small sectors and capacities sanctioned under the Iron & Steel Control Order 1ccount for a total of about 350 000 tonnes Even if all the licensed and ap proved schemes maternalise there is still scope for additional capacity In Ryjasthan there is no unit in this field It has not been possible to estimate the firm demand for steel wres in the State but it can easily br said that local demand will casily sustain one unit of medium size It is sug geserd that a unit with a capacity of 5 000 tonnes per scar be set up in the State One unt has already been recommended by the State Government for grant of an industrial licence SrECIAL LICIST SECTIONS In Rajasthan there is one unit Van Industrial Corporation Ltd Jaipur for rolling of special light sections such as windoss sections etc Estimates of demand for these special sections we not 11 able but it is expected that the use of steel windows and doors will rise rapidly due to general shortage of ·53 MINERAL DEVELOPMENT AND THE MINING INDUSTRY timber It is suggested the existing capacity in this field be expanded but after a detailed demand survey has been undertaken 400 4 020 490 51 000 COPPER AND BRASS PIPES TUBES, SHEETS AND CIRCLES The installed capacity and production of these items in recent years hase been as shown belowi (In tonnes) Year Pipes and tubes Sheets and circles Installed capacity Production Installed capacity Production 1962 455 54 000 28 980 196 485 27 276 1963 952 48 000 25 812 1964 4 920 1 261 48 000 22 39" 146 4 320 I 5fo 48 000 14 940 1966 4 920 11. 48000 5 976 The import of these items in the country in past few years is given below (In tonnes) Tear Pipes and tubes Sheets and circles 1961 62 I 85 845 197 2 63 1 312 18 19f3 64 784 1946) : 6,7 196, 66 1 730 1966-67 754 997 The capacity targets for non ferrous pipes and tubes and sheets and circles have not been clearly defined but in view of the increasing industrial uses of thesc semis it is to be expected that there would be considerable scope in future to increase the capacity specially for pipes and tubes In Rajasthan in the organised sector there are two units in production A Mukherjee & Co Jaipur and Multimetals Ltd Kota In view of the increasing industrial use and also in view of the availability of raw materials in State for this industry as a result of commissioning of Khetri copper smelter and Debarı zinc smelter Rajasthan offers good scope for new units in the field It is suggested that a unit be established in State with a capacity of 1 000 tonnes of tubes per year 2 031 1 434 1 504 ZINC SHEETS AND STRIPS The installed capacity and production of zinc sheets and strips during last few years is shown in the following tablet 1 Central Staustical Organisation Afonul, Statistus of Production ·54 INDUSTRIAL PROGRAINES FOR THE FOURTHI PLAN RAJASTHAN (In tonnes) Production Year Installed capacity 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 5 376 5 376 5 976 3 774 3526 3 882 4 648 4 404 4 069 4 800 4 800 4 800 Import of zinc sheets and strips during the above period was 1 cat Imforts (Tonnes) 185 281 1961 62 196 63 1963 64 1964 65 1965 66 1966-67 227 139 234 545 A capacity target of 10 000 tonnes has been suggested for 1973 74 for this industry by the Planning Commission Considering the large gap betucen presently installed capacity and the targeted capacity for 1973 74 there 13 good scope for developing this industry With the comm; cioning of the zinc smelter of Hindustan Zinc Private Ltd at Debari Udaipur raw material for this industry, that is zinc ingots will be available within the State It is suggested that a unt, with a capacity of 5 000 tonnes be set up in the State for the production of zinc shects strips and other semi manufactures LEAD SHEETS PIPES AND TUBES The installed capacity and production of these items in recent yeurs have been 13 shonin below (a) Lead Pipes and Tubes (In tonn :) roduction or In falled capac by :مر1 + 872 4872 4 872 4872 3+ 752 204 Co, رمو1 +672 246 ·55 METALLURGICAL AND METAL BASED INDUSTRIES 504 2 316 2 316 3 000 3 000 3 000 3 000 (b) Lead Sheets (In tonnes) Year Installed capacity Production 1961 1962 720 1963 756 1964 6607 1965 372 1966 672 Capacity targets have not been fixed for these items for the Fourth Plan Estimates of derand for these in 1973 74 are also not available In Rajasthan Hindustan Zinc Private Ltd (Metal Corporation of India) have a licence for producing 3 400 tonnes of lead sheets and 3 400 tonnes of lead pipes per year There is already a large underutilisation of existing capacities in this field as is evident from above tables It is suggested that the Rajasthan unit be established only when a new lead smelter is put up in the State aſter the proving of hatar deposits for lead ore Metal Products Except Machinery and Transport Equipment This group comprises industries which turn out products of metal and which are used either as such or are used as components in manufacture of other atems Table 11 gives a list of the metal products normally demanded The majority of the items can be classified as consumer products and except for a few they can also be manufactured in the small scale sector The overall growth envisaged for this sector during the Fourth Plan period is such that the output in 1973 74 would be about double the output in 1960 61 The discussion here for this group of industries is restricted only to those items in which large unsatisfied demands exist Due consideration has been given to the possible requirements of these products within the State INDUSTRIAL FASTENERS The term industrial fasteners embraces black bolts, nuts rivets dogspikes high tensile bolts and nuts machine screws wood screws and wire nails The capacity targets for 1973 74 and the present licensed capacities for these items are given below Items Unt of production Capacıly farget Present licensed Apparent gap (1973 74) capacity Black bolts, Duts 1 25 60 65 and rivets IVood screws 14 129 II Machine screws 8 61 19 Wire nails 31 35 8 (-) 48 000 tonnes 000 000 000 ·56 INDUSTTIAL procRALIMEs for the fourth PLAN TAJASTIIAN I he large gaps between the capacity targets and presently sanctioned capacitics clearly indicate good development possibilities in this field In Rajasthan, one firm M/s Kamanı Engineering Corporation Jaipur, has been licensed to manufacture 8 000 tonnes of high tensile bolts and nuts There is no other unit in organised sector in this field In view of good scope as well as the requirement in the State, it is suggested that a bolt and nut factory with an annual capacity of 10 000 tonnes be set up in the State ACRICULTURAL IMPLEVENTS The tentative target for 1973 74 and the presently sanctioned capacity in the country for agricultural implements are as shown below Tonnes Tentative target ſor 1973 74 C6 00 Presently installed capacity 91 500 Apparent gap 31 500 Apart from the sinctioned capacities in the organised sector, there are a large number of small scale units engaged in the production of agricultural implements Nevertheless there is scope for additionnl capacity in the organised sector specially in view of the call for increased agricultural production during the current Plan period There is no unit in the organised sector in this field in Rajasthan though some unsts in small scale sector arc reporecd to be manufacturing 1 fesy types of implements On completion of the large imngation schemes like Rajasthan Canal the demand for agricultural implements within the State can be expected to increase It is suggested that a medium sized unit be established in the State to manufacture 2 500 tonnes of agricultural implements per year Machinery Escept Electrical The group covers a large number of items which can be clasified in the following six sub-groups (a) Agricultural machinery (6) Von carthmosing and construction machinery ( ) Prime moers boilers etc () Industrial machinery (c) General items of machinery Commercial houschold and office machines 1allr 12 çild the targeted capacitio fx 1973 74 the capacities sanctioned riptend of 1207 and the apparent gaps between targeted capacities and Ilxt: 71 cyacitirs fe thr ancais industries in this group ·57 METALLURGICAL AND VOCTAL B45CD INDUSTRIES In Rajasthan this group of indu tries is Virtually ab ent, except for the exis. tence of two units-MS National Ingineering Industries Jaipur, and M/s J N Marshal & Co hota A/s National Engineering Industries is engaged in the manufacture of ball bearing and M/s J N Marshal & Co, are manu facturing tar boilers tractor trailers stone crushers etc The discussion in this section for the development of machinery industries in Rajasthan is confined only to those items where at the national level, there are substantial gaps between targeted and sanctioned capacities These are (2) Machine tools (61 Alachine tool accessories (c) Agricultural tractors and tractor drawn implements (2) Diesel engines stationary COMPLETE MACHINE TOOLS By 1973 74 the demand in the country for complete machine tools has been esumated at Rs 108 crores The present sanctioned capacity in this field is Rs 75 crores worth machine tools In Rajasthan Hindustan Machune Tools Ltd, are putting up with Iugoslavian help a factory at Aymer for manufacture of 3 000 tonnes of muchne tools, mainly grinding machines The value of output will be about R$ 5 crores No other factory is suggested for complete machine tools AACHINE TOOL ACCESSORIES The production of machine tool accessories in the country is very low Against the estimated production of Rs 3 20 crores in 1973-74 the present capacity and production is only of the order of Rs 130 crores The relationship between production of complete machine tools and machine tool accessories in industrialised countries like the US 4 is of the order of 10 1 This relationship is at present 46 I for India Obviously there is good scope for setting up further capacities for these items In Rajasthan there is no unit engaged in the field of machine tool accessories at present It is suggested that a unit be set up in the State with a capacity of accessories valued at Rs 1 crore ACRICULTURAL TRACTORS AND TRACTOR DRAWN ISIPLEMENTS It will be noticed that there is a large gap to be closed for meeting the cstimated demand of 48 000 numbers for gricultural tractors in 1973 74 There is no unit in Rajasthan for manufacture of these items With the complction of Rajasthan coil and other irrigation works a large arca of ·58 INDUSTRIAL PROGRAMES FOR THE COURTI I LAN RAJASTIAN The sug virgın land will be brought under cultivation and the local need for parual mechanisation of farming will be there Therefore, the State offers a good region for setting up a unit to manufacture agricultural tractors gested capacity is 5 000 per annum The gap in case of these implements 13 even larger than in the case of agrı cultural tractors The production of these implements may also be contem plated in the unit suggested to manufacturc tractors The capacity may be 5 000 numbers per year DIESEL ENGINLS, STATIOVERY This is another field with a very large gap The demand for diesel engines, stationary is expected to be of the order of 256 000 by 1973 74 while the presently installed capacity 19 only 69000 engines on single shuft basis and production in 1967 was 120 000 engines This industry is a delicensed industry nou Onc unit with a capacity of 10,000 diesel engines is suggested in Rajasthan Electrical Industries This group comprises of items such as transformers motors generators switchgeais controlgcars, electric fins dry cells radio receivers electrical appliances conductors cables winding wires etc Table 13 lists the various items of this group their capacity targets for 1972 74 the presently sanction cd capacities and the apparent gaps to be bridged to meet the demand by the end of Fourth Plan period Except for house service meters and cable manufacture, there has not been much development of industries of this group in Rajasthan Licences have been issued for the manufacture of electrical lamps and capacitors, while the unit for electric lamps is expected to go in production soon there is no pro gress reported by the unit for capacitors The discussion on the future prospects in Rajasthan for industries of this group has been limited to only those where some progress has already been recorded in the State and those where there are large gaps between licensed and targeted capacities for 1973 74 as shown in Table 13 Rajasthan can establish units for these industries partly to meet the State demand and partly to meet the demand in adjoining areas on the national level ELECTRICAL LAMPS The production of GLS lamps and fluorescent tubes in the country during the last five scars 13 shown in the following table ·59 BETALLURGICAL AND METAL BASED INDUSTRIES 33 611 196 68,66 4 обо (In million Dos ) rear GLS lamps Fluufescent tabes 1убо 1 526 19f1 40 60 1 895 50 051 317) 1963 58 506 3638 1961 58 413 3 439 196) 60 ,63 4 178 1566 The imports of these during above years have been very htile The tentative targets of capacities by 1973 74 are 214 million numbers and 13 million numbers for GLS and similar lamps and fluorescent tubes respectively The present installed and hcensed capacities in the industry are as follows 1dlion rumbers CLS and similar lamps 132 Fluorescent tubes 12 5 In Rajasthan, M/S Electro-Technical Enterprises Jaipur, have been licensed and is putting up a factory for manufacture of 6 million numbers GLS lamps and one milhon numbers fluorescent tubes per year The unit is expected to go in production soon It is suggested that this unit be allowed to expand the capacity by 50 per cent during the Fourth Plan period House SERVICE METERS The installed capacity and production figures for house service meters for last few years are as shown below (In numbers) 2 ar In alled catacity Prod ctin 1/60 394 000 480 432 1,6 H4000 631 996 67 000 877 749 100 000 I 193 6 8 1954 It Go 090 1 215 732 199, 1 169 000 I 101 500 19€ 1 26,000 1 045 824 The target of capacity in 1973 74 for this industry has been put at 2 28 million numbers The present licensed capacity is 1 833 million numbers In Rajasthan there is one unit M/s Jaipur Metals and Electricals having a capacity of 200 000 meters per year In view of the gap in target and sanctioned capacity this unit could plan to expand its production during the fourth Plan ·60 INDUSTKIAL PHOGRAMMES FOR TIIE FOURTHI PLAN RAJASTITIAN WINDING WIRcs The production of winding wires in the country for list few years is as shown below 7 car Tennes 1360 4 212 196: 1962 6 804 1963 7 932 5 664 8 940 9 588 9636 1 65 1966 Thr import of winding wires in the country has been as given below Year Tonnes 1162 905 of 2 63 806 1163 64 1 003 196 67 118) 196, 66 19 1966 67 187 The capacity target for 1973 74 has been put at 26 000 tonnes and the present licensed capacity is of the order of 26 000 tonnes while installed capacity is only 12 500 tonnes All the licensed capacity may not materialıse and with the commissioning of the Khetri copper smelter the basic raw material for this industry--namely electrclytic copper will be as atlable in the State Therefore it is suggested that a unit with a capacity of 5,000 tonnes be established in the State CABLES Paper Insulated Cables The production of paper insulated cables in the country during the last seven years has been as shown below 161 Kilor tres fo 917 1941 1211 1962 2 cho 1,03 461 1,64 7 639 1965 166 4 555 The import during last few years has been as shown below Trat X lametres 1961 62 1 246 1962 63 1 403 1,63 64 +421 6) [ 173 16 I g12 €6-67 110 4 518 ·61 METALLURGICAL AND METAL BASED INDUSTRIES 210 J 276 4 1963 The capacity target for 1973 74 for this industry has been placed at 22,600 kilometres The present licensed capacity is of the order of 26,000 kilometres but all the licences may not maternalise In Ryjasthan, there is one firm M's Oriental Power Cables Ltd, hota, manufacturing paper insulated cables with a capacity of 960 kilometres per year The present capacity may be doubled to reach about 2,000 kilometres per year by 1973 74 Plastic and Rubber Insulated Gables and Flexibles The production of these items during the last six years has been as given below Year Afillion metres 1961 1962 314 4 1964 3378 1965 396 0 1966 The import during the same period has been lear fillion metres 1961 6 1 723 196 63 3 704 1963 64 3 057 1964 65 1 652 1965 66 0878 1966 67 The target for 1973 74 for these cables ha been put at 520 million metres The present licensed capacity 18 1052 millon metres In Rajasthan, M/s Rajasthan Cable Industries Pvt Ltd are licensed to manufacture 10 million metres of VIR cables No additional capacity is suggested ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES 3790 0775 There is no upit in Rajasthan manufacturing electrical appliances such as refrigerators air conditioners, electrical ranges etc There is a possibility of establishing a unit in this field An investment of Rs 0 50 crore has been provided for this and any other po sıble items not discussed above Transport Equipment Except for wagon manufacture and a few repair shops for automobiles and a few automobiles parts units in small scale sector there has been no development of this industry group in Rajasthan The future development prospects in this group of industries are limited Production of motor cycles and scooters und deselopment of automobile parts industry on a larger scale are possible ·62 INDUSTRIAL TROCRAMES TOT TIIC TOURTIL PLAN RAJASTIAN BICYLES One unit M/s Hitkırı Bros was licensed for manufzcture of 30 000 bicycles in the State but as no progress was made the licence was later revokod The present position in the country in regard to the bicycle industry is such that it does not offer scope for licensing of new units In view of above, no new unit is suggested in the State SCOOTERS AND Motor CYCLES The production of motor cycles and scooters during the last few ycars is as shown below (In numbers) Scook s and scoolcraties Tear Afotor crcles 36 14 56 1960 1300 1961 4 68 1962 1 366 CON 1163 9456 15 412 1364 13 86 20 000 1 05 21 (0) 20 244 1 GG 467 20 652 The present production is far from adcquate and there is a large unsatisfied demand The demand is further expected to rise in the future There is no unit in the State for the manufacture of motor cycles and scooters The claim of Rajasthan for at least one unit is quite justified AUTOMOBILE PARTS There are a number of small units in the State manufacturing automobile parts such as radiators pressure flex pipes king pin and piston pin sets etc Consıdering the planned wth of automobile industry and the decision to rapidly increase in indigenous components there is good scope in this field It is suggested that a few of the efficient urits in small scale sector be allowed to expand so as to become medium and/or large size establishinents RAILWAY WAGONS The target for railway wagons in terms of four wheelers has been placed at 26 000 for 1973 74 The presently installed capacity for manufacture of wagons in the country is of the order of 29 900 wagons year This capacity can casily mect the expected demand by 1973 74 eyen taking into account the ctport demand More production can be achiez ed if necessary by working ·63 METALLURGICAL AND MCTAL BASED INDUSTT ICS multiple shifts In Rajasthan, Central India Machinery Manufacturing Co Ltd, Bharatpur, was licensed to manufacture 1,000 wagons 7 year In 1964, its capacity was increased to 1 875 1?gons a year In viety of above no additional capacity is suggested in this field Miscellaneous Industries This group of industries covers several items such as precision instruments process and control instruments surgical and x ray instruments, cameras musical instruments etc The requirement of scientific instruments in 1973 74 will be of the order of Rs 32 40 crores This is a field with side des elopment possibilities The mian difficulty in the field of instruments manufacture is obtaining the knowhow and specialised components The Union Government has established one unit for manufacture of instruments in Rajasthan The other proposed unt in public sector at Palghat (kerala) has been given up The Rajasthan unit M/s Instrumentation Ltd, hota is to manufacture 1 14 300 pieces of magnats electric instruments 20 220 pieces of electronics automatic recording and control instruments and 398 400 transmitting elements The sale value of the annual output will be of the order of Rs 11 5 The capacity in this unit is greatly unutılısed and it will be worth while to examine the possibility of divers fying the present range of produc In addition to this public sector unit there is one private sector unit in Rajasthan M/s Toshnjwal Industries Ltd This unit is licensed to manu facture (a) electrical instruments—4 600 numbers (6) industrial process instruments-1 950 numbers (c) laboratory apparatus of BTL design- Rs 72 lakhs (d) PW meters--Rs 4 1 lal hs and (c) tubular rheostats- Rs 1 lahh This unit has plans to manufacture x ray testing equipment also The Central Electronics Research Institute Pılanı Rajasthan is doing pio neering work in developing indigenous know how in the field of electronic instruments It has already developed TV sets and TV ariels etc In view of the above schemes in Rajasthan no further capacity is sugges ted for instrument manufacture crores tion Summing Up The development possibilities in individual industries hitherto discussed in this chapter for various industries group have been given in Table 14 A consolidated statement is given below The broad economic implications of the suggested developments are given in the following table

·64
INDUSTRIAL PROGRANDIS FOR TIE FOURTII PLAN
RAJASTHAN
C8 89
15 97
Additional investm nt by 1973 74 (Rs crores)
Net output (Rs crores)
Additional employment by 1973 74 (Wumbers)
Additional power requirement by 1973 74 ({}})
Additional transport requirement by 1973 74 (Tonnes)
15 00
31 750
311 000

·5 Mineral Based Industries Non- Metallurgical in are AMONG THIE IMPORTANT non metallic minerals Rajasthan limestone gypsum mica glass sand feldspar steatite and clays Industrial possibilities for the fourth Plan ba ed on the above minerals have been dis cussed in this chapter Consideration has also been given to the recovery of fluorine in the phosphatic fertilizer plants proposed as adjuncts to the copper and zinc smelters and the production of synthetic cryolite and alumi nium fluorides therefrom Among the new suggestions for the Fourth Plan are the following Industries based on limestone gypsun and feldspar Industries based on mica (1) Portland cement (11) Portland cement cum-sulphuric acid (t) White cement cum sulphate of potash (10) Micanite or built up mica (1) Wet ground micas (11) Arch tectural glass building blocks (1) Synthetic criol te and aluminium fuoride Industries based on glass sand Industries based on by product rorouery of Puotine PORTLAND CEMENT Rajasthan has large limestone tracts in Jaipur, Kota Udaipur and Jodhpur divisions Besides limestone, the gypsum deposits in Bikaner and Nagaur +7 ·66 INDUSTRIAL PROGRAMMES FOR THE FOURTJI PLAN RAJASTHAN in could also be utilised to make cement along with sulphuric acid manufacture At present there are thrcc cement factories in production in the State, at Lakheri, Chittorgarh and Sawai Madhopur Together, the total annual capacity of the three units is 1,352,130 tonnes Before considering the possibilities for additional cement capacities Rajasthan it would be appropriate to consider consumption in the ncigh bouring areas ror this purpose Rajasthan, Punjab Uttar Pradesh and Delht have been considered together Actual Statewise consumption data are not available However, past trends in the despatch of cement to this composite area may be taken as a measure of the consumption 1000 1000 TOO O 240 a Despatch of Cementa 1959 1959 1960 1961 India Quantity (Tonnes) 6 037 093 6,703 937 - 7 650 499 8 120 $82 As per cent 1000 Rajasthan Punjab Uttar Pradesh and Delhi Quantity (Tonnes) 1 487 146 1 766 408 1 831 687 2154 201 As per cent of all Indir 24 9 24 9 265 a Podder V 1962 Cement Industry in India P 57 Assuming that the requirements of this composite arca continues to be in the same proportion to the total all India (about 25%), 55 million tonnes of the total 22 million tonnes estimated for 1973 74 for the country as whole would be the requirement in these four States by that year Rajasthan because of its large deposits of limestone can easily meet over 50 per cent of this requirement that is 275 to 300 million tonnes The installed capa city being 135 million tonnes additional capacity that can be planned will be of the order of 1 4 to 1 65 million tonnes Five schemes for production of cement are in various stages of implementa tion These are at Bunda Beawar Udaipur Nimbhahera and Neeni ka Thana Steps should be taken to put them in production at an early date and establishment of additional capacity to bring the total capacity to about 3 million tonnes One unit for production of 105 000 tonnes of cement based on gypsum in Bikaner area could also come up The possiblity of producing cement clinker as an adjunct to a 100 000 tonnes per year sulphuric acid plant has been discussed in the Chapter on Mineral Desclopment and Mining Industry where it has been shown that sulphuric acid could be produced from such a source competitively 3 ·67 MINERAL BASED INDUSTRIES-NON MRT ILLURGICAL WITTE AND COLOURED CEDIENTS At present white cement production is confined to three units, one at Porbander in Gujarat another at kymore in Madhya Pradesh and, the third, at Kottayam in Kerala Together, the three units have an annual capacity of, 118,860 tonnes The licence for a fourth plant in Madras for an annual capacity of 16,760 tonnes has since been revoked On the basis of licensing it would appear that white cement capacity was thought of upto a level of one per cent of the total cement capacity It was 93,460 tonnes out of 9 474 140 in 1962 or 098 per cent and, 135,620 tonnes of the 16 211 890 tonnes of anticipated productive capacity at the end of the Third Plan or 083 per cent If such a relationship were to be extended to the Fourth Plan a white cement capacity of 155,000—175,000 tonnes can be con idered by 1970 71 on a basis of 0 7 to 0 8 per cent of the total cement capacity of around 22 million tonnes in 1973 74 Thus there appears to be room for further units to the extent of about 50 000 tonnes a year More over, a plant in Rajasthan would also be favourably situated to supply the growing market in the north that is Ra asthan, Delhi and Punjab, the existing plants are similarly situated to cater to the markets in the east south and west The manufacture of white cement is similar to that of portland cement but require high purity materials and great care to avoid contamination in the processing in order to obtain a white colour Coloured cement is made by mixing different pigments to white cement 'Because of the relative scarcity of pure clays, attempts have been made to make white cement from feldspar, limestone and gypsum with potassium sulphate as a by product Feldspar limestone and gypsum from Rajasthan have been tested and used in' a pilot plant to produce white cement and sulphate of potash · Feldspars can be had from Ajmer and gypsum from Bikaner and Nagaur, limestone is available at a number of places as detailed in the section (page 64) on port land cement In view of the existing rail alignments, a location of Neem ka Thana is suggested To begin with a 50 tonnes per day unit is recommended giving an annual production of 16 500 tonnes of white cement and 1 070 tonnes of sulphate of potash' and is likely to require an investment of Rs 55 to 60 lakhs INDUSTRIES BASED ON MICA Rajasthan is one of the three important mica producing areas in India I CSIR Research and Industry 1962 Vol 7 do i PP 4 7 ·68 INDUSTRIAL PROGRAMEVES FOR THE FOURTHI PLAN RAJASTHAN Annual mine output of crude mica is around 7 000 tonnes On dresing 65 to 70 per cent of this goes into the waste dump Among the various mica manufactures are punched discs built up mica, ground mica and mica insulating Lricks So far very little has been donc in the above directions There are a few dry mica grinding plants, tiso of which are in Rajasthan one mica insulating brick factory in Rajasthan and one built up mica of micanite factory, in Bihu The first of these is a highly specialized industry where the mica is requred to be stamped to the exact dimensions and designs required for tube spacers, capacitor films etc, as required by individual consumers It is possible that the necessary dies be obtained on a technical collaboration ba is from consumers in the US or Japan without wuch the production of punched discs cannot be undertaken dependent as it is on an export market As stated earlier there is one mica brick factory in the State Tuo more units are under consideration elsewhere in India That being so further units may not have much prospects However it is felt that one unit to produce 300 tonnes ? year of built up mica heat re isting commutator moulding and flexible mıcanite mica folum tubes etc and another to produce 1,500 tonnes of set ground mica may have possibilities in Rajasthan At present all the mica grinding units in India produce dry ground mica Wet ground mica superior retaining its sheen with mooth round caged flakes in contrast to the abraded faces and torn and backed edges of dry ground mica Wet ground mica is primarily used by the paint wall paper and tyre manufacturers Efforts are bring made to promote the use of mıra in paints indigenously mica base aluminium and exterior paints are understood to have been re ported to be satisfactory by the Defence Science Laboratory hanpur While wall papers are not in use in India the third use i e in tyres rouid seem to offer some scope China clay is used for this purpose Since good quality china clay is of rather limited occurrence in India use of wet ground mica can be of great adiantage in the long run Requirements of fillers in the rubber industry is estimated at 250 000 tonnes by 1973 74 Once production of wet ground mica las Leen started it may not be difficult to persuade tyre manufacturers to use het ground mica instead of chin clay These two units one for a 300 tonnes per year? built up mica and the other for 1 u00 tonnes of wet ground mica may together require an injestment of Rs 40 lalhs On three sh its per day as a filler now ·DIINERAL BASED INDL STRIES-ION BIETALLURGICAL 69 ware GLAS Rajasthan has adequate resources of glass sand, at one time there were as many as six glass plants in the State only the one at Dholpur suruted but this unit is also lying closed now This unit made vals and laboratory More recently, another unit has been proposed at Dholpur, which will make 1 200 tonnes of glass tubing as also thermometers syringes, test tubes and table and blown ware 1 The demand for glass had increased at a brisk rate, at an annual average rate of 17 per cent during the Second Plan On this basis the Third Plan had envisaged that despite competition from metal and plastic containers and incrcasing reuse the demand may yet increasc at an average annual rate of at least 15 per cent However the demand trends for the various glass ware during the Third Plan has belied the above expectation Demand estimates made in connection with the Third Plan capacity targets suggested for 1965 66 and capacity installed and production arc compared in Table 15 It can be seen that in most cases the capacity installed came up to the target levels suggested in the Third Plan but capacity utilisation was about 50 per cent only In the two cases where the capacity utilisation is better, ie bottles and vials and glass shells installed capacities are well below the targets uggested It would therefore appear that by 1973 74 there will only be a marginal scope for addıuonal capacitics in conventional glass industries Therefore for further opportunities in glass one has to turn to new items Today the Indian glass industry produces a wide variety of products sheet and plate glass including laminated afety wired and figured glass sarious domestic wares laboratory and clinical wares lamp ware hells for lamps and inners for vacuum fiasks new items like fibre crystal signal and ophthalmic glasses have been introduced during the last few years Architectural glass building blocks may offer some prospects in Rajasthan particularly directed towards a market in Delhi where there 19 consider able activity in sophisticated modern styles of building and which may be expected to continue in the future To begin with a small production of about 300 500 tonnes per year is suggested and may entail an investment of about Rs 8 lahhs Among others libre glass may liave some possibility Glass fibres have boch finding increasing use both as a reinforcing element in the form of filament texture fbres and, in insulat on fabrics in the form of staple fibres Hath regard to the former, it is understood that the demand for 1 Thc Plan frame compiled by the Planning Department Covernmert of Rajast an inel catas an investment of Rs 1 crore on this in the Fourth I'lan VIZ, ·70 INDUSTRIAL PROGRAMMES FOR THE FOURTH PLAN RAJASTHAN glass reinforced plastics has been placed at about 10 000 tonnes per year by 1973-74 This would require about 3,000 to 4 000 tonnes of glass fibre, one firm has already been licensed to set up a capacity of 3 150 tonnes, per year While further possibilities are not considered in these two arcas for tko present, there are two developing applications for glass fibres i e, in tyres and glass cements? It is reported that the Esso Research and Engineering Company and Owens Corning Fibre Glass Corporation have jointly report ed the development of tyres made with glass fibre, for which reinforcement properties superior to cotton and rayon cords have been claimed The other is the development of glass cement building materials in the USSR Both these applications should be considered as in the development stage and beyond indicating future possibilities no firm recommendation can be made at present to CERAMICS The commonly used ceramic wares are, white ware-table and sanitary ware electrical insulators and porcelain stone warc pipes and fittings and refractories IVhile uare The white ware industry has tended to develop cosc centres of large urban population Thus table warc production is well deve loped in West Bengal Delhi Gujarat and Maharashtra Much the same can be said of sanitary ware production also, West Bengal and Orissa Gujarat and Vaharashtra are the important centres of activity Recentig another large unit has been commissioned in Punjab close to Delhi Rajas than hemmed in as it were between Delhi and Gujarat may offer only a small market for white wares and it is doubtful if small units could be viable in close proximity to large producers unless the same can be done loped as an adjunct to a large sized ceramic unit like stone ware tiles cte Perhaps the stone sare pipe plant licensed at Bharatpur could takc up a small production of white wares at a subsequent stage Insulsors ed Electncal Porcelain In 1961 62 three units were licered in Rajasthan to proluce ceramic insulators tho of which were al o to produce bushungs and stealite electrical porcelam l'he total capacity licensed w31 700 tonnes of Ir and L T insulators and busłungs and 1 000 tonn of electrical prcelain per year According to the latest available informa these licences are not likely to materialise 1 Inweser in ycw of pirent demard and suppls pocution in the country no additonal capacity 15 called for + uon ·71 MINERAL BASED INDUSTRILON METALLURGICAL 1 790 Boo 626 351 845 000 384 400 1965 Stone z art One unit is in production for 7,200 tonnes of stone pipes tlic and fittings, at Bharatpur No additional capacity is suggested for present Refractories The present installed capacity for refractories, in India is 1,336 000 tonnes per year But production over the last few years has been well under capacity, about the thirds as shown below (In tonnes) Trar Capacity Froduction 1960 16716 1961 802 800 1962 670 685 1963 653 500 1964 960 000 637 039 1 000 000 687 341 1966 1 274 000 72256G 1967 1 336 000 750 000 But more pertinent the implementation of the new capacity licensed is being taken up at a very slow pace, duc to reduced demands arısıng out of the shortfalls in the steel and other industries programmes as also due to changes in refractory practice in the steel industry leading to less refractory consumption per tonne of metal produced and the emphasis on L D steel These trends are expected to continue particularly the emphasis on LD steel Hence additional capacities may not be necessary in the fourth Plan SYNTUETIC CRYOLITE While it has been suggested in Chapter 3 that the fluorite deposit at Mando ki Pal be developed to produce metallurgical grade fluorite possibilities of producing synthetic cryolite aluminium fluoride and other fluorine compounds still exist in the State Reference is again made here to the discussion in Chapter 3 on the Khetrı Copper Project, wherein the possibility of recover ing fluorine or, its compounds as a by product of the triple superphosphate plant proposed there has been discussed Instances of such recovery in plants in Europe and the US were also given A triple superphosphate production of 214,500 tonnes a year is likely require about 800 000 tonnes of phosphate rock a year Assuming a 3 per cent fuorine content and, fluorine volatalisation at 30 per cent and subse quent recovery at 50 per cent of this about 4 000 tonnes of cryolite and aluminium fluoride can be recovered annually This may require an invest ment of about Rs 75 80 lakhs Similar possibilities exist for recovering flourine and produce synthetic ta

·72
INDUSTRIAL PROGRAMILS FOR TIF TOURTI ILAY
HAJASTHAN
2
cryolitc aluminium fluoride from the superphosphate facility attached to the
zinc smelter ncir Udaipur On 19 000 tonnes of zinc mctal 1 year, the
superphosphate production is inderstood to be ruled ne 12 200 tonnes
car Possibilities of increasing the zinc metal production to 36 000 to
38 000 tonnes a year in been discussed in Chapter 3 If superphosphate
producuon were also 10 be stopped up correspondingly almut 2000 tonnes
of cryolite can be recovered and mas rutulan mestment of alsout Rs 30
to 35 lalhs
Implications of the Programme Suggested
This programmc as suggested aloic and discilascd individually in subsc
quent sections is likely to involic 1 fixed investment of Rs 27 23 crorcs and
yicid an annual nct output of Rs G 40 crores by 1973 74 as
Table 16 A summary of the same is gncn below
given in
Fixed Investment Rs crorrs)
Act output (Rs crorcs)
Employment (ho or persons
Additional transport requirement (Tonnes)
Addiyopal power required (1)
27 23
6 48
13 750
S14 OCO
J?700

·1 6 Industries Based on Agriculture, Livestock and Forest Resources IN THIS CHAPTER the discussion is with regard to the prospects for the development of such of those industries wluch utilisc agricultural, livestock and forest resources Industries Based on Agricultural Raw Materials 201 TEXTILE INDUSTRIES The area under cotton and the production of cotton in Rajasthan in the last few years have been as follows 2 cat Area and cotton Production of cotton (ono hectares) (In till kgs) 1939-60 37 29 G 1960-61 2) 5 1961-62 234 30 2 1962-63 193 28.1 1963-64 231 33 3 1964-65 2ft 330 1965-66 278 297 heeping the same rate of increases in arca and production of cotton as in the past, it is estimated that the production of cotton by 1973 74 would be 38 million kgs If it is assumed that of the total anticipated production, 31 mullion kgs would be available for the textile industry, about 0 51 million spindles will be needed to absorb thus quantity The present spindleage position in the State is as discussed below ·74 INDUSTRIAL I ROGRAMMES FOR THE TOURTIT PLAN RAJASTHAY The number of spindles working as on 1 | 1968 » 75 301 000 As explain cd carlier a minimum 0 51 million activc spindles would be required to use the raw cotton that would be available within the State Therefore there is room for establishing another 0 2 million spindles The additional spindles can be established both by cxpansion and by setting up new spinning mills The average number of spindles per spinning mill in Rajasthan is small being only 15 000 Trom the point of view of cconomic production it is adusable to raise this average figure to 20 000 or 25 000 spindles Such of those existing mills which lend themselves for expansion may be allowed to put up additional spindles so as to achieve a total of 0 1 million spindles by expansion The balance of 0 1 million spuidles may preferably be set up in 4 new spinning mulls Regarding setting up or looms the position is dependent on yarn avail Ability and is discussed below 051 million spindles can casily turn out, 27:9 million kes, yarn This can give 2 20 million metres of clothraking into account that 30 per cent of yarn will be necded by the handloom sector, the available yarn for the mill sector would be around 1945 million hgs This can casily feed 3 850 looms In January 1968 looms working in the State totals only 2,600 Thus there is room for creating additional loomage in the State and it is recommended that I 200 additional looms be set up all in compo ste mills $ Nylon yam SYNTHETIC FIBRES Synthetic fibre production has already made a headway in Rajasthan The State has been proneer in the field by setting up a nylon yarn factory at hota ( J. Synthetics) The original capacity of this unit was 0 25 million kgs of yarn per year and this unit is under expansion After cx pansion the capacity this unit will be as follows llion kgs 1 76 Nylon staple bres Nylon tyte cord Acrylic fibre There is another unit at hota (Shriram Rayons) manufacturing viscose lugh tenacity rayon yarn and tyre cord This unit is also expanding its capa city which after expansion will be 5 64 million kgs Sufficient capacities have also been licensed elsewhere in the country for synthetic fibres These are likely to meet the national demand upto the cnd of Fourth Plan Hence no additional capacity is suggested in the State' 1 80 1 00 4 00 ·INDUSTRIES BASED ON AGRICULTURE, LESTOCS ID FOREST RESOURCES SUGAR The sugar industry in Rajasthan hu been insteady, parik due to the fluctuation in the arer under sugarcanc cultis ation and partls duc to the variation in the yield per hectare The following figures are relevant 32 33 37 13 57 32 104 تارتار 1 1 CST 000 hectares Sus reare production Cone ested 1x fuchius (000 tonnes) ('000 tonna) 19 gbo 28 GIO 141 ws 1 010 197 Tof 1-62 810 367 Tyf 2-63 eio 1963-64 Co 10f4-6, 630 731 20) 1966-67 3 103 YOURCE -Inher Sugar Tol 18 The average yaeld of sugarcane per licciare was 14 4 tonnes only for last four years whereas the all India average yield per hectarc is 43 tonnes Rajasthan lins to improve its yıld per licctare by proper irrigation methods and also by using fertilizers I or the purpose of the future de clopment of the sugar industry it is assumed here that the sugarcane yield would be im proved and to a minimum of 20 tonnes per hectare It is estimated that the area under sugarcane in Rajasthan would be raised to about 72 000 hectares by 1973 74 From the above, the State may achieve a production of 1 44 million tonnes of sugarcane per annum at the end of fourth Plan period Only one thurd of the sugarcane produced may be available for crushing in sugar factonics Thus the available sugarcane by 1973 74 crushing in ſartories would be around 0 48 million tonnes In Rajasthan the duration of crushing is no steady and varies every year In the last few years it had varied between 60 and 130 days Assuraing that at least 90 to 100 days crushing duration will be maintained in the future a total crushing capacity of 4 800 to 5 300 tonnes per day could be planned in the State at the end of Tourtl Plan At present tko sugar mills are in production in Rajasthan these are located at Bhapalsagar (Distt Cluttor garh) and Sriganganagar One more unit, under cooperative sector under erection at Keshoraipatan The total capacity of these units is 3 500 tonnes crushing per day Thus there is room for further crushing capacity of 1 250 tonnes of sugarcane per day It is suggested that one more sugar factory with 1 250 tonnes cane crushing capacity' per day be established in the State A suitable location would be Bhulwara District 13 ·IYUL STRIAL TROORATOR TOR 1118 TOL RTI TIAN RAJASTHAN RICE AND I LOUR MILUTO Thic production of rice in the State in the latlau yrats 11 n1 fullorna 1 ar + ! - 1 133 qtimate 1) All the paddy that is produced Ines not go for milling in the organized sector For thic country 74 7 whole only 32 pxercent of the padely produced is processed in large rice milis A sul se intal portion is nulled at present in small scalc and cottage units In the future with increas in urbanisation and clinge in constimers tuules ut us grimsible that the percentage of paddy processed in large rice milis may mcrcise to u per cent Lien at this nato thic production of paddy in Rajasthan does not offer scope for the establish ment of large ricc mills because at the anticipated output of 135 000 tonnes in 1973 74 the quantity of paddy for large milis may be only 6 700 tonnes This is considered a low figure and docs not land for economical production in large mills The production of whcat in the Statc has been as follows in the last few y cars 1 car 000 tonnes 1032 Igbo GT 19 : 6 1962 63 1 09 1963-64 CGC 1964 65 1 103 1965 66 776 There are 5 wheat flour mills and the total milling capacity is 80 000 tonnes per annum For the country as a whole, wheat milled in t}ic organised sector to the total output of wheat has been around 20 to 20 per cent during recent years Assurning the same ratio for Rajasthan 260 000 tonnes of wheat would be made available for milling in organised sector by 1973 74 that is, additional capacity for milling 180 000 tonnes of wheat will have to be created because the present capacity is only 80 000 tonnes per annum Hence three large flour mills cach of 60 000 tonnes per annum capacity are suggested The locations could be flexible 19,9 Go 1012 ·INDUSTRIES BA-ED ON AGRICULTURE, LIVESTOCK AND FOREST RESOURCES 77 OIL MILLING The all India average for oilseeds crushed in the organised sector is only 10 per cent of the total production Talıng the same ratio for Rajasthan, the oilseeds expected to be available by 1973 74 for crushing in organised sector will be 50 000 tonnes per annum as the production of oilseeds in the State us anticipated at 500 000 tonnes Presently only two cotton «eed oil mills have been licensed at Bhilwara and Snganganagar and these are under construction Thus there is enough room for creating additional capacities for oil milling Seeing the produc tion of oilseeds districtwise, suitable locations for establishment of two large new oil mills each of 10 000 tonnes capacity can ke Kota and Alwar SOLVENT EXTRACTION OF Oil CAKE The residual cake in ghanis and oil mills usually contains 6 to 7 per cent of oil Solent extraction of the residual oil cake is an important ad ditional source of vegetable oil after which the residual can still be used either as cattle feed or as manure The main difficulty however lies in the fact that collection of oil cake from the oil mills and from ghanis poses a problem If this could be resolved there is ample scope for the establish ment of solvent extraction plant At present there is not even a single unit in Rajasthan To commence with it is suggested that in the Fourth Plan at least two units of 5 tonnes per day each capacity of oil be established in the State VANASIATI One unit of 10 tonnes per day capacity has recently been commissioned at Bhilwara The unit is located along with the oil milling unit Because of the change in onsumers tas the per capita consumption of Vanaspati is increasing It is assumed that by 1973 74 the per capita con sumption of Vanaspati would be 1 2 kilograms for the country as a whole At this rate the demand for Vanaspate in the State of Rajasthan would be around 23 700 tonnes The estimated demand for this product and the tax matenals availability with the State paves the way for setting up additional capacities for Vanaspatt Howeser there are the following limiting factors The first 25 with regard to the commitments already made for supply of oilsсeds to oil mills located in neighbouring States such as Gujarat The second difficulty re lates to the availability of hydrogen for Vanaspati manufacture The caustic soda unit at Kota can no doubt supply the hydrogen but its transport 10

·No text on this page.

·79 INDUSTRIES BASED ON AGRICULTURE, LIVESTOCK AND FOREST RE OURCES 1 WOOLLEN INDUSTRY Wool and woollen goods are important earners of foreign exchinge among Investock products besides hides and skins Rajasthan is an important producer of raw wool The State accounts for nearly 45 per cent of country s production The sheep population in the State according to 1967 Basic Statistics of Rajasthan was 8 806,000 in 1965 66 In Rajasthan the average yield of raw wool per sheep is 09 kg as against an average of 0 77 kg for the whole country Shearing is normally done twice a year The produc tion of raw wool recorded in 1962 was 145 million kgs but the availability of raw stool in the future can be expected to be larger due to the natural Increase in sheep population and also as a result of efforts for producing better yield The availabuity by 1973 74 may be placed around 20 million kgs The woollen industry in Rajasthan is not very well organised at present Firstly, only 10 per cent of the production of raw wool is consumed within the State Secondly most of the cleaning and pressing of wool is done in the cottage sector The present position of the woollen industry in large scale sector is as follows (a) There is a wool combing plant at Lota with a capacity of 34 million kgs of wool tops This unit will require 5 5 million kgs of raw wool for processing into tops This unit is already under production ! (0) Woollen mills at Jodhpur have 720 spindles for coarse count woollen yarn Ten power looms for blankets and coarse woollen cloth and 10 handlooms for carpet making This urut has provi sions for making regenerated fibre from rags and woollen fibres from shoddy (c) One unit for woollen yarn has gonc in production recently at Bikaner in State Public Sector with ) 200 spindles It is clear that the above schemes are not adequate to utilise fully the raw wool available in the State Raja than has to develop further its woollen industry With this background the following suggestions are made (a) A wool combing unit be set up for the production of wool tops The capacity of the unit may be 6 mllion kgs This would require 10 million kgs of raw wool A suitable loration could be Jodhpur Bikaner (6) The existing unt for wool top at hota and the above proposed factory will produce enough short fibres which could be used as of wool tops ·80 INDUSTRIAL PROORASIVES FOR TUJE FOURTIJ PLAN RAJAST1IAN shoddy yarn A spinning capacity for the above could be created with 500 spindles This suggestion had also heen put forward in Techno Economic Survey of Rajasthan (c) A composite mill for spinning and weaving The capacity could be 1 000 spindles and 200 looms This can turn out 225 lakh kgs of yarn and 2 million metres of woollen cloth This unit will have to import some quantity of long fibres for mixing A suitable location could be Jaspur (d) Mills for carpet weaving from rags and shoddy (A simular is already at Jodhpur) The same type of unit could be located at Bikaner () The Behaner spinning mill capacity be expanded by another 1 250 spindles unit Forest based Industries The State is poor in forest wealth The National Council in its Techno Economic Survey had suggested scien tific lines for developing the forests on the assumption that these suggestions for developing the forests would be implemented the following recommen dations were also made (a) Integrated timber industry with Rs 90 lakhs investment (6) Straw board and paper plant with Rs 30 lakhs investment The present position with regard to licensing of forest based industries in the State is as follows Remarks Name of industry and Ixalton Capacity (a) Aravalı Paper Mills Jaspur 3 000 tonnes pulp and 3 000 tonnes paper (6) Rajasthan Saw Mills Banswara 7 200 tonnes of chp bourd Paper mill has not beca established so far Presently the mull, 13 not working Eforts are being made to restart the mid (6) MSG Somsnis hota 6 000 tonnes of chip board Forest depit has not yet allotted areas for them !! (d) hota Straw Boards Ltd hota 4 500 tonnes or straw board Mo area has set been allot ted to the mill by the Forest Department No additional capacities are suggested based on forest resources

·INDUSTRIES BASED OY AGRICULTURE, LIVESTOCK AND FOREST RESOURCES 81
Summing Up
The development possibilities in individual industries hitherto discussed
in this chapter have been given in Table 17 broad implications of which,
are given below
Additional investment suggested (Rs crores!
Total nct output (Rs crores)
Total cmployment (Nos )
Total transport (Tonnes)
Total power (kW)
1692
782
2) 430
JJ9 000
I 200

·7 Chemical and Allied Industries THE PROSPECTS FOR the development of chemical and allıcd Indus tries in Rajasthan during the l ourth Plan will be discussed in this chapter Ryasthan has mineral and other resources for the development of chemical indu tries but haherto their crploitation for industrial sc has been poor The chief minerals available in Rajasthan for chemical Industries are salt limestone gypsum barytes sulphides, etc The schemes which exist already or are under implementation to utilise these minerals are the following (a) Rajasthan Vinyl s units for the manufacture of caustic soda and calcium carbide (b) Zinc smelters where byproduct sulphuric acid will be available for the production of fertilisers In the light of the national targets for chemical and allied products and in the context of developments already under contempiation elsewhere the further development prospects for the chemical industries in Rajasthan will be examined in the following sections Fertilisers NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS The area under different principal crops in Rajasthan in 1955 56 and The re 1961 62 and the anticipated area in 1970 71 is given as follows commended dosage of nitrogen for these crops is also given alongside ·83 CHESICAL AND ALLIPD INDUSTRIES ( 000 hectares) Crot 1955 568 1961 628 1965 668 1973 740 Areta e dose (a (kgs per hectare) 45 45 68 972 101 1 292 1 213 130 1 600 153 27 I 200 Rice I hear Jowar Maize Gram Groundnut Sugarcant 679 8,0 6 94 96 016 740 1 130 17 57 270 510 ? 309 43 1 800 17 : 622 121 34 23 300 72 ვი 11 16" 21 45 Cotion 1 Forfliser Statistics 19f76 67 D Estimated Pased on the above figures the requirement of nitrogen in the Stale by 1973 74 will be around 0 2 million tonnes per annum of this wheat Jowar maize and gram alone will consume 0 16 million tonnes At present there is no unit in Rajasthan for the production of nitrogenous fertilisers One scheme is under construction and may be expected to go in production by late 1969 This is the Sriran Chemical and Fertilisers Ltd at hota having a planned capacity of 130 000 tonnes per year in terms of nitrogen The company is to manufacture 240 000 tonnes of urca 60 000 tonnes of diammonium phosphate and 30 000 tonnes of ammonium chlonde by steam reforming of naphtha for synthesis gas Taking into account the output of this unit there will be a shortfall of 0 07 million tonnes in the supply position to meet a demand of 0 2 million tonnes by 1973 74 in Rajasthan 'The raw materials required for nitrogenous ferti lisers production are (a) coal and gypsum (6) hydrogen from electrolysis of water and nitrogen from atma phere of (a) naphtha The main prob lem in Rajasthan for establishing coal baked plants is the long lead for tran portation of coal from either Bihar West Bengal or Madhya Pradesh Detailed studies will have to be undertaken to see if a unit based on 8ypsum available in Rajasthan and coal from the eastern region will be able As regards alternative (6) Rajasthani not very comfortably placed for electric power The atomic power from hota station is not expected to be cconomical from the point of view of clectro-chemical industries In case of alternative () it is reported that there is likely to be an overall shortage of naphtha in the country by 1973 74 However if certain proposals to establishi inland refinery in the north western region which is talked about 110% malcriali c and iſ naphthu is available from the amc there con dern tions can be given 10 a naphtha based furtiliser plant in Ravasihan ·84 INDUSTRIAL SROOR SWYES FOR TIIT FOURTIT TLAY RAJASTHAY Putosi 1c\TIC I ertiLISER It fins facen envisaged at the national level that consumption ratio of nitrogenous forelser (o plinapinuic feruli et mould be 21 in terms of their contents by 1973 71 Thus the demand of 1,0, in lujasthan by 1973 74 would be of million connes to mssespx so slir 1836 slemand of 02 million tonnes of urogenous fertiliser At present only onc unit is in production in Rajasthan for manufacture of phosphatıc ferulisers 7}ts i llindustan linc iti s Dobarı unit with 1 cupacity of 12 190 tonnes of P,0, in addition to this two other schemes are under empleanche ion, iliesc ac Топ 24, (41 Sriram Ch tukcals tertuliser lidt (6) Khetri ci per broject On completion of these units the total capacity in Rajasthan will be 130 700 tonnes In Chapter 4 the cepansion of Debart zinc smelter is suggested If thus is taken additional capicuy of 12 000 tonnes of P,0, will be avulable No furches expansion of new unit is suggested for pliomphatic fertile crs 1 Alkalas CAUSTIC SODA The demand for caustic soda in the State of Rajasthan by 1973 74 nould be around 7 150 tonnes The break up of its will be approximately as follows TES 2 000 500 1500 300 690 7110 Rayon industry l'aper industry Organic chemicals Soap and Vanaspati Others at zo per cent of above TOTIL The only plant existing at hota is having a capacity of 50 tonnes per day Because of the expansion scheme envs aged by the Kota unit for PV production the capacity for caustic soda has also to be increased by another 50 tonnes per day The unit has alrcady received a licence for Thus by 1973 74 the total capacity of this unit at hota sould be 33 000 tonnes The production will be rayon grade caustic soda Besides what may be used in their rayon plant the rest of the caustic soda the same ·85 CICSICAL AND ALLIED INDUSTRIES No additional capacity 15 will have to find a market outside the State suggested Soda Ash The demand for soda ash in the country by 1973 74 is expected to reach 700 000 tonnes At present four units are in production with a total capa city of 363 000 tonnes per year and production in 1967 was about 355,000 tonnes In addition to these four units additional capacities have been licensed making a total of 750,000 tonnes per year but it is highly doubtful If all of this will materialıse by 1973 74 Rajasthan has adequate salt and limestone resources which are the main raw materials for manufacture of soda ash by Solway process and can plan to have one unit for manufacture of soda ash with a capacity of 200 tonnes per day Other Chemical Indastries CALCIUM CARBIDE The demand in the country by 1973 74 for calcium carbide has been esti mated at 72 000 tonnes for the production of acetylene for welding and other chemicals The present total installed capacity in the country as around 66 000 tonnes per annumn including one unit in hota The total licensed capacity in the country is of the order of 84 000 tonnes The hota unit has a capacity to produce 70 tonnes per day or 23 000 tonnes per annum Thus capacity is mostly for captive use in the production of PVC Further pros pects for the development of the calcium carbide industry either in Rajas than or elsewhere are ruled out from other considerations, the chief of which is that chemical industries based on acetylene generated from calcium car bide are becoming outdated because of the high cost of production the high cost being attributalıle to electricity tariffs for this electro-thermal industry Turther, the plans in the country for the development of petro-chemical complexes are expected to provide a large variety of feedstock for a number of chemical products The hota unit will al o be using naphtha based ſced stoch tar PVC manufacture after expan.ion Alcoitol The existing capacity in the State for alcohol is 205 million litres per annum in two units and they have to depend on other States for part supply of molasses as the present sugarcane crusluing capacity in the State can ·86 INDUSTRIIL 11 OGRAMMES 1OR TIC FOURTHI PLAN RAJASILIAN tonnes sustain only 8 6 inillion litres production This position is also not expect ed to alter appreciably in the future In the section on sugar industry in Chapter 6 it has been noted that the total crushing capacity in the organised sector that can be aimed in the State by 1970 71 will be 4 800 tonnes per day From this a total production of 126 million litres per annum of alcohol is possible In view of the above the prospects for the further development of the alcohol industry in Rajasthan are bleak POLY VINYL CHLORIDE The demand for this plastic is increasing steadily in the country Already there are three plants in operation at Bombay hota and Mettur The unit at hota having a capacity of 40 tonnes per day is under expansion and the capacity after expansion would be 20 000 tonnes of resins per year Bombay unit is also expanding to 20 000 tonnes per year capacity and Mettur unit is having 7000 tonnes per year capacity The other units that are likely to come up in this field are (a) Gujarat Petro chemical Complex at hoyalı with 20,000 tonnes (6) Bombay Complex (NOCILS) with 20 000 tonnes, (c) Madras Petro chemical Complex with 30 000 and (d) Barauni PVC project with 10 000 tonnes If all these schemes fully materialise the capacity will be 127 000 tonnes which the anticipated demand in 1973 74 Hence further increase in the capacity for PVC production in Raja than need not be considered at this stage Turther processing industry for plastics does not exi t at present in the State The major PVC proce sing centre are Bombay and Calcutta Thus cuen the present production of PVC has to move out of the State for further manufacture The State has to do its best in setting up medium and large scale processing centres for PVC as explained in the following section PROCE SING OF PLASTICS There is scope for a medium processing industry mainly for PVC items to be established at hota The items that could be aimed at in this unit are as follows (a) Industrial fittings such as pipes tubes vales etc (6) Chemical equipment and acid carboys PVC leather cloth (d) Harcs and cables () 'Tiles Because of the availability of resing compounds and of the increasing demand Is more than ·07 CHEMICAL AND ALLIED INDUSTRIES for the processed products, there may not be any difficulty in contemplating for Rajasthan a capacity for processing The suggested capacity is to manu facture Rs 073 crore worth of goods per annum BARIUM CHEMICALS The estimated requirement of banum chemicals in the country is around 10000 tonnes which may increase to 13 000 tonnes by 1973 74 Barytes is found extensively in Andhra Pradesh and Rajasthan Based on the substantial reserves of barytes in Andhra Pradesh thc Statc has already set up a plant at Kothagudam for the manufacture of 6 000 tonnes of barium chemicals per annum in the private sector There is still a gap of 7,000 tonnes in meeting the present and future demand of these chemicals in the country Rajasthan has resenes of more than 100 000 tonnes This reserve is extensively found in Alwar district There is a factory for the production of the barium chemicals in Rajasthan but it is in small scalc sector and the production of the chemicals is negligible as the unit consumes only 1000 tonnes of barytes per annum for the manufacturc of barium carbonate It is suggested here that a large scale unit for the manufacture of barium salts be set up in Rajasthan The capacity can be initially 4000 tonnes of barium salts out of which 2 000 tonnes could be "Blane fix tant barum salts that could be taken up are Other impor Tonns Bar un carbonate 800 Barium chloride 2017 Barium n trate 800 Barium sulpl ide 20X2 "The National Council in its Techno Economic Survey had already suggested a capacity of 3 000 tonnes of Blane fix and 3 000 tonnes of other barium chemicals but so far no capacity has been created in the State for these items A suitable location is along with the mining acuvities for more barytes of better quality at Udaipur Kota or Alwar PICVENT INDUSTRY Lithophane and zinc oude are the two important white pigments used in the paint industry The raw materials required for lithophane manufacture are barytes zinc ore coal and sulphuric acid Sulphuric acid could be easily recovered in the manufacture of zinc oxide from zinc sulphide ore Thus the production of zinc oxide and lithophane could be conveniently linked in ·13 IWDI STRIAL IXIXIR Yrs FOR TIL FOLRI ILIY KYUHIIV or onc project lo start with litlinplıune manufacture could fx ruly under taken in the State of Rajasthan Coal has in le ercurre! from Bihar Vadhy 1 Prdeli while the other raw materialı barytas in ort and sul phuric acid could be nude 112ible within the State in the Icchno-Iconomic Survey of Rajasthan the \ational Council had suggested a plant for the snuuficture of lithopline of r000 tonnes per The same suis gestion in reiterad lucre and the suitabic location could be cutlier Udupur or Alwar Regar lang tlir manufacture of zinc oxide an initial capacity of 3 000 tonne could be aimed at along with lithin phanc inanuſıcture innin INDU'STRTAL GATES Oxygen and acctylene ure no important industrial garcs used for welding Omc-cutting and hcating operations At present there are 2 units in production in Rajasthan for manufacture of oxygen and accuylene These are Singh Oxygen Co Jaipur and Shriram Vinyl & Chemicals Kota The capacity of these units us sufficient to meet the regional demind for these gases and no additional capacity is rc commended SYNTHETIC DETCROETS Synthetic detergents cin conseniently replace soap in many applications It can thus relicic the pressure on vegetable oils for soup manufacture Syn thetic detergent is reported to be twice as effectisc 15 soap Besides it is an export oriented industry The important raw materials for synthetic deter gents are do decylbenzenc sodium phosphate and sodium sulphate All the raw materials are available indigenously or will shortly be made avail able from public sector refineries It is reported that the Central Govern ment is in favour of encouraging the setting up of one unt for manufacture of synthetic detergents in north and north west India Rajasthan can plan to establish this unit The suggested capacity is 4 000 tonnes per year Summing Up The development possibilities in individual industries hitherto discussed in this Chapter for various groups have been given in Table 18 broad imple cations of which are given in the following table

·CHEMICAL AND ALLIED INDUSTRILS
09
Additional investment suggested (Rs crores)
Total net output (Rs crores)
Total employment (Numbers)
Total transport (Tonnes)
Total power (kW)
26 on
6 40
7040
G8 ) Oro
) رد

·8 Perspective of Small Development Scale Industries CVT Present Status of Small Industries in Rajasthan SVILL INDE TRIT of the modern type 10 poorly developed in Rajasthan In 1910 6! they contributed only super cent of the total industrial Incomic in the Suite 14 1gainst 74 per cent for all Indır! In all Indir perspcelic Rajasthan with 16 per cent of the population contribu tcd less than onc per cent in the net output rising from such industries However the contribution of traditional non household small industries and of houschold industries to the industrial income of the State was a little higher (Table 19) The princely Sintes comprising the present Rajasthan State helped in the past mainly to develop a number of bandicrafts In respect of the structure of mail scale industries Rajasthan has a larger Lomponent of mineral based and textile industries than the case in all India (Tables 20 and 21) In spite of the cconomy being essentially an agricultural one agro based industries love not been well developed The industries in the mineral group in the State are mostly stone dressing and mira cutting Both these are low value adding processes Exccpting cotton spraining and wearing and lately a few metal based industries other important industries here are seasonal Most of them usc outmoded machinery and eqmiments This has led to lower net output per worker, en 1960 61, it was half of that of all India NCAER Ine want Sirure Hanufa turing I duis 1960 61 Occasional l'aper Ace 1964 ·91 PERSPECTIVE OF LALL CİLL INDUSTRIES DETELOPMENT Currently most of the small scale mdustries in Rajasthan cater to urban demand Ajmer Jaipur and Bikaner account for a substantial part of the employment generated by uch industries Recently hota and Jodhpur are also in the front line In each of these districts the small units are naturally concentrated at the district headquarters where facilities of power, water supply and means of communications are provided Targets of production are not generally fired for the output from small units At the State level, the Plan Memorandum gives an account of only the developmental activities Accordingly, an appraisal of development in this area is po sible only through State income estimates The State income estimates as prepared by the Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Rajasthan do not make distinction between modern and traditional mall scale indus tries It has been estimated that while the percentage rise in the State income at current prices during the Third Plan (Ease 1960 61) was of the order of 32 5, similar figure for factory establishments and small enterprises together was of the order of 265 In Rajasthan, the rate of growth of mall industries had been lower than all India during the Third Plan On the basis of industries contribution to the State income, the rate of growth during the Third Plan period was of the order of 5 per cent The estimated structure of small scale sector in the State 18 given in 'I able 22 However it is expected that the performance of the State during the Fourth Plan period will be somewhat better The Techno-Economic Survey of Rajasthan conducted by the National Council in 1960 61 listed a number of industries that could be taken up in the State in the small scale sector during the Third and Fourth Plan periods in the ab ence of relevant data it is not possible to evaluate the progress in the implementation of tho e recommendations Development Potential 1966 71 In this section the development potential for cach lroad group of industries lias been indicated first based on a macro approach to the problem Secondly, under each broad group a few industries which hold relatively brighter prospects have been specifically mentioned To a large extent there recommendations are substanually the same as those contained in the Techno. Economic Survey In a fess cases however where it is known that the out put for a few crops have since changed and the knowledge about resource availability in certain fields improsed some changes have been effected in ile previous recommendauons ·92 INDUSTI IAL PROGIJARIBILS IOR TUL IOURTTI I LAN LAJ ISTILAN cial crops AGRO BASCD INDUSTRIES The main agricultural crops of Rajasthan are wheat bajra maize and barley among food crops and cotton sugarcane and oilseeds among commer Gaura or cattle feed is another important crop having use as an industrial raw material The industries based on these raw materials as at present are mostly of traditional type There are not sufficient capacities to process the local produce and it would be more so consequent upon increased output of farm products anticipated during the Fourth Plan At present a substantial quantı ties of oilseeds major and minor foodgrains are exported outside the State The future development in agro based small scale industries can be both by conversion of household and non household traditional units to modern small scale industries and through the increased availability of agricultural produce resulting from the Plan eſforts The National Council had suggested in its Techno Economic Survey three types of non traditional agricultural industries namely groundnut flour, tomato processing and canning and pop corn So far action these schemes is pending During the Fourth Plan as a result of increased irriga. tional facilities growing of fruits and vegetables would expand This should lead to the establishment of units for proce sing and preservation of fruits and vegetables in the State and also cold storage units at a few places At present there are no such units in Rajasthan Other industries which have good prospects are oil expellers cotton ginning and bailing cattle feed units and khandsarı units The net output arising from the agro based industries by 1973 74 would be of the order of Rs 75 l,khs and the employment opportunities would be 6 500 on TEXTILES Although cotton textiles is an agricultural based industry due to its impor tant place in the industrial structure it is di cussed separately from the above group The indicator to its growth is the quantity of cotton produced within the State Demand for cotton textiles does not pose a problem at present Elsewhere in the Report an expansion of spindles for cotton yarn is suggested mahing more yarn available for handlooms and powerlooms The development during the Fourth Plan would come both through the ronversion of handlooms into powerlooms and the putting up of new powerlooms The areas where this industry is likely to grow more are Bhilwara Chittor and Jhalawar The net output after this expansion is estimated around Rs 74 Laklis and the employment likely to be ge x rated is 11 800 ·93 PERSPECTIVE OF SMALL SCALE NDUSTRIES DEVELOPMENT FOREST BASED INDUSTRIES Rajasthan is not rich in forests But recently minor forest produce, which the State has in plenty are becoming increasingly important for basing small scale industries There is scope for putting up saw mills and timber treat ment plants in the hota and Udaipur regions In Dungarpur and Jhalawar which have practically no indu tries at pre ent, a few wood based industries could be established Bidi manufacture is another line that holds good pros pects The Techno Economic Survey listed two types of industries under this group packing cases and tool handles As the tool handle units have not come up the recommendation is reiterated Possible locations for them are Alwar, Chittorgarh, Sawai Madhopur, Kota the places where there is demand for the item and also where dry teak wood can be easily obtainca from nearby places Materials that can be grown on scrub waste forest lands etc , can be pro cessed in small scale units provided continuous research in their industrial uses and in markets is carried out In Rajasthan there is a case for setting up a regional research laboratory entrusted with such problems on the one hand and an agro mdustrial corporation to promote related industries on the other The recommended corporation could embrace within its scope of researh and development the four industry groups agro based textiles livestock based and forest based industries Of course each of these fields should have competent technical persons It has not been found desirable to relate the development of forest based industries with a simple indicator as exten ion of area under forests etc The approach adopted is thus more influenced by feasibilities of individual indus tries The types of units that could be set up are packing cases card board units tool handles saw mills tooth picks and other industries based on bam boo These would give Rs 19 lakhs worth of net output and give employ ment to about 970 persons AfLNERAL BASED INDUSTRIES Generally the first processing of minerals is done at the place of their occur In a way mineral based industries can be described as local and non shiftable The commonest mincral based industry in the small scale sector rence 1 Buns ara U la pur an 1 1 in Divise ns are report d to has small dry teak forests Wat prsentuh le trailer and I all oducts under ites mep is carried on in the house hall 13 al nne la vel oli sel kps me k are done in the las sale sector ·IynL TRIAL PROGRAMS TOR TIT FOURTII PLAY RAJASTIIAN is brick making And this clicstot used in project its des clopment pros pects is the house building pr.1mm Although a ittile flexible softcry and ceramics induty may also be treated 79 of local nature Ilut its desclsment is figlily influenced by incomes of the consumers This costums is pull ton ards cities and tmns whicre more afflucnt members of the ociety reside In Rajasthan mici grinding can be taken up in 1 bis 7 There is considerable demand for the product in India and it can be exported alo So fir Run than has only one ini a brick inakin tint But it is not able to cope with the demand Lxpansion of this industry during the lourth Man cin therefore be inticipated Marble cutting and does ing is inother field fiere the Statc miglit estal li hit cir I our colours of marbles are avaible white black pink and grey Cutting and polislung of marbles is quite 1 lat our intensisc small cnic local indu try Thc waste (chips) in the process could also bc u ed in des tcmpers This has to be further insc tigated I he National Council rc commended 7 marble time felney to be set up with a capacity of onc ton per day Ind the plane hos prospuess of coming up during the next Plan period During the Ifurd I'lan inineral br cd indu tries in Rajasthan did not desc lop to tlie extent the National Council rcuominended in its Techno-Economic Survey A hortfall of about to thods is estimated in the net output ari ing from the group Recently mctal based industries have been facing bottleneck of forcign ex changc scar«c raw materials power and capital i such In this respect mineral ba.cd industries do not make long draft on any of these resources During the Lourth Plan in order to relieve unemployment and add to the total volume of production the State should plan for a rather ambitious pro gramme of mineral based industries The types of industries which could come up in Rajasthan are mechanical brick making pottery and ceramics, mica grinding dry, marble cutting and polishing marble lime and other industries like plaster of pari china clay washing microntsing plants bento nite activation plant garnet dressing fullers earth activation calcium nitrate calcium chloride mosaic tiles, precipitated chalk, glass and glassware etc In CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES Chemical based industries have not des cloped much in Rajasthan 1960 61 they contributed 0 per cent of the total net output ansing from the modern small scale sector The comparable figure for all India was 87 ·95 PER.PECTIVE OF ALL. SCALE INDUSTRIES DEVELOPBIENT per cent (Table 21) In Rajasthan, there are quite a fers soap (washing) making units scattered in urban areas But all of them were too small to cover in the sample part of the Annual Survey of Industries The development of chemical based industries is generally found related to the overall development of small scale sector Partly because some of the items produced in them may be used in other lines of production and partly as they are influenced by increased incomes distributed by the growth of all industries The National Council in its Techno Economic Survey envisaged an invest ment of Rs one crore for this group of industries during the 10 year period 1961 71 In the absence of relevant information it is difficult to say as to how much of it has gone through But this is likely to be less than one third of what was recommended in the Techno-conomic Survey For the Fourth Plan it is suggested that a concerted effort be made to implement that programme Paints and varnishes is a promising field where half a dozen small scale factories can be started Plastics is another impor tant line Both consumer and intermediate type of goods can be produced with not very heavy investments The demand for plastic consumer goods is generally dependent on increae in population and per capita income Besides there will be considerable supercession of other materials by plastic goods Of course there would be keen competition from other States part: cularly from Vaharashtra and West Bengal but entrepreneurs with ideas and drive and aggressive salesmanship can succeed Other industries which could be taken up are soap metal polish boot polish, sodium silicate, etc METAL BAED INDUSTRIES Out of all groups metal based industies had a good record of growth during the Third Plun period This was in spite of the common difficulties of ob tantung raw materials and power As is well known the tools and equipment in cngineering plants are strictly speaking not product specific but job-specific and the process of production insolves combining a number of jobs donc on a luge numl;er of machines tools and instruments In Raja than the in genuity of the technicians and entrepreneurs in a number of engineering units especially in industrial estates has helped in maintaining the tempo of growth in spite of the insufficient availability of requisite raw materials cien tlien it is estinzied that the progress could not krep picc with the recommendations contained in the Techno-Economic Survey It was alsout one fourth short during the Thurd Man The main snas appears to le thic poor development of component manufacluring units in the State But, ·96 INDUSTRI IL TROGRAMMES FOR THE FOURT11 PLAY RAJ ISTIJAY The two very broad sub-groups under metal based industries for consi deration herc are manufacturing and repurs Minuficturing can further be divided into manufacture of whole items and ancillary production Till late small scale meral fibricilion especially sheet metal fias been the most common industry in the State Next to thint 1179 the manufacture of metal products except machinery and transport cqmpment Both these items employed about 660 persons in 1960 61 Manufacture of machinery except electrical machinery cmployed another 115 persons rest of the indus tries in the group being engaged mainly in repair work Among manufacturing lines the last mouers would be those which serve agriculture The future of agricultural production and farming as such as very bright in the State Manufactured products going as inputs into agri culture and those processing the produce afterwards would have large demand The example for the first variely for consideration in the small scale sector is agricultural implements and of the latter alta (wheat flour) mills To subserve the requirements of horticulture barbed wires wire drawing and galvanızıng have good scope Metal based consumer goods industries to receive fillip with rising incomes of the people are steel furniture builders hardware kerosene stove, cookers padlocks mechanical toys bicycles etc It is difficult to enumerate all such items much more difficult would be to spell out their development potentials The machine tools factory being set up at Ajmer may induce a few ancillary units The expansion of servicing activities relate to the increased use of mechanical instruments and appliances in the initial stages of development it relates to the expansion of (motor) road transport facilities as automobiles 13 per haps the only mechanical appliances in use The servicing units in some cases also produce replacement parts needed for transport equipment, industrial electrical machinery and durable consumer goods such as sewing machines equipment etc Following all India pattern this group of industries is likely to develop The net output by 1973 74 is expected to be of the order of Rs 185 lakhs and give employment to 5 300 persons MISCELLANEOUS This group includes all industries that have not been covered so far Urban life creates all sorts of demands The people in cities by virtue of their higher incomes can well afford to spend on recreations and comforts Sports goods cc icecream aerated water and ready made garments are a few such items The sprcad of education also creates specialized demands In addition, al inost ·97 PERSPECTIVE OF SMALL SCALE INDU TRIFS DET ELOPMENT though livestock based industries have not been shown above in a separate group because of their unimportant nature in the small scale sector in the base years yet in years to come a few tanneries; skool processing and spinn ng footwear manufacture, dairies and glue and gelatine units might come up In view of increasing urbanization and incomes during the Fourth Plan, it may be expected that the net output arising from miscellantous industries would increase to a figure of Rs 44 lakhs The investment required to achieve che additional net output of Rs 24 23 lakhs is estimated at Rs 58 lakhs And the total employment generated will be about 1 850 Vox HOUSEHOLD TRADITIONAL INDUSTRIES Although it was not intended to study non household small industries falling ou..de the purview of the National Sample Survey, yet in order to complete the picture regarding the investment involved and the development effort required by the Small Scale Industries organisation of the State, some estimates in this regard were considered necessary In fact the Directorate of Indus fries in States do not make any distinction between the small cale industries (modern) as discussed in this Report and small non household enterprises left out in the Annual Survey of Indu tries while going about their job of developmental assistance In fact some of the factory industries covered in the census part of ASI (Annual Survey of Industries) which invest less than Rs 5 lakhs? are also considered for help This sector produces all sorts of goods which are being produced in the above defined modern small scale sector although the predominant line 15 of servicing The one possible difference would be the size of operation and type of equipments used And to distinguish them from houschold indus tries these could be termed as partly modern To indicate development in this group of industries during the fourth Plan perol the rate of growth as anticipated by the Perspective Planning Division of the Planning Commission for small cnterprises (hou chold plus non housefold) and past performance have been taken into account On that basis, it is estimated that the net output from the group would risc Rs 1,800 lakls to Samming Up Thic implications of development programme discussed aborc have been Rs 10 labba wben they produce ancillary metrs

·98
INDUSTRIAL PROROAMBIES FOR TIIE FOURTII PLAN RAJASTIAN
summarised in Table 23, wluch gic the cepected position in 1973 74
Allowing for the estimated achievement by 1968-69, the additional benefits
from small industries may be expected as shown below during the Fourth Plan
period
Additional net output (Rs crores)
6 75
Additional investment (Rs crores)
600
Additional employment (Nos )
Bo 000

·Tables

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·TABLES 101 Table List of Candidate ladastries Suggested in Techno Economic Survey (Rs crores) Aantal capacity , ested 111 Techino Economic Surig far achiment by 1970 71 Capacite licensed after 1960 61 Industries Intestment to Investments COTTesbond lo likely to the suggested have been capacity in made to folumn 2 correspond to licensed capacity in column 3 (5) (U) (2) A Metallur xal and Welal Based Industries 1 Basic Metal Products Copper Lead and zinc Zn РЬ 21 000 tonnesla 20 D tonnes 60 non 32 00 3 60 8 00 3 Co 20 000 Mil 2 Secondary Production of Steel 3 50 o 50 0 20 5 400 tonna Steel Pipes 0 20 300 - 16 000 Alloy and special steel 5 non Rerolling (a) 20 000 (6) 20 000 3 (X) Silico-manganese steel 24 000 34 Intermediate Engne ning Producta-ferrous Cast iron sleepers and non pressure pipe 24 000 Cast iron spun p pes foro Jobbing foundnes Vallmable iron casting I DO Sicel casung 7 ** Steel forging + Intermediate Eng renog Product on ferrous Copper and brass tubes Ern Copper ships 2 Copper conductors and winding wines 420 Lead and nine including thert stript tutys etc IS 7 000 tonnes 1.40 1 20 J'3 025 2 00 500 of 037 O15 0.43 1 20 to Bin torty 330 1a (pal) ·02 INDUSTRIAL PROGRAMMES FOR THE FOURTHI PLAN RAJASTULAN Table ! (Cont!) 15) 285 3 90 240 o 60 050 . 32 0 38 OBS 040 052 400 0 30 7 00 050 (3) 5 Mechanical and General Engineering Industries Steel structurals +5 000 tonnes 36 000 tonnes Wagon building 6 000 wagons 875 wagons Ball and roller bearings 73 millions nos 15 mill on nos Industrial fasteners 3 000 tonncs Points and crossings 1 500 Nos Tools and implements 10 000 nos Metal-containers 4 000 tonnes Pumps 20 000 nos Machine tools Bicycles GO 000 nos 6 Industrial Machinery Agricultural machinery Ricc dal and four mill machinery Shoe tanning and other miscellaneous machinery Chemical plant and equipment Constructional machinery Electrical Engineering Industries Electricity meters 300 000 nos 78 000 nos Electrical machinery and other instruments Prec sion instruments Rs 15 crores Rs 12 crores Manufacture of diodes 480 000 nos Electric lamp caps 48 million Dos 48 millions Permanent magntts 120 000 nos Fractional horse motors 3 600 nos VIR cables 10 million corc yards Paper insulated power cables 600 miles 600 miles ACSR conductors $ 500 tonnes t 500 tonnes Cotton silk and paper covered wires and strups 300 tonnes 050 050 o 50 50 013 640 100 8 oo So 1 00 050 050 0 40 2 00 014 2 00 014 005 - 63 35 TOTAL 3 Agro-based Indusi kes Sugar (6 units) to 80 070 350 tonnes! 8 000 tonnes per day crushing capacity. day (Continued) ·SABLES 103 Table ? (Cond) (5) fadastral alcohol 045 Cottonseed oil (4 units) 033 Soliert-extraction of oil cake (2) (3) 12 000 gallons 3000 gallons 1 80 day day 48 000 tonnes 20 000 tonnes o 80 to be processed year per year 82 500 tonnes of cake per year o Bo 25 lakh 40 00 spindles spindles 3 600 tonnes to 7, 000 tonnes'scar 45 000 tonnes/year 55 5 lakh 20 00 Textile spinning and weaving (20 units) Orl mills Flour mills 0 33 CL estock based Industries Woollen mells leather o 27 2 million yards 22 million yards Rs 120 lakhs 5 000 spindles 5 184 spindles 12 000 tonnes 9 000 tonnes 23 O 1o 0 35 1 00 1 70 Spinning woollen shoddy yarn (a) Ossein (6) Dicalcun phosphate TOTAL D Forest based Industries Integrated umber industry Strawboard and paper TOTAL o 90 7 500 tonnes 2 D 2 to 300 E 5200 2600 - 100 4 00 3 50 1 60 4 20 0 60 1 75 8 50 Chemicals and Allied Industries Nitrogervous ferulisert 160 000 tonnes 7.) 000 tonnes of nitrogen Superphosphate 235 000 tonnes Socla ash 66 oon tonnes Caustic soda 35 000 tonna 6 600 tonnes Sodum sulphate 43 000 tonnes Calcium carb de 27 000 tonnes 9 000 tonnes Polyvinyl chloride 13 500 tonncs 6 000 torxes Viscose rayon 6 600 tonnes Barium chemicals Lithopane 6 000 tonnes Blankfixe 3 000 tonnes Batium chloride etc Cement 15 mill on tons Glass 16 500 tonnes Ceramics (1) Sanitary and dom-stic wares 000 tonnes 12 god tonnes (11) Stonenare tiles and LT insulators 50 24 00 100 00 I 25

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·TABLES 105 Table 3 Aggregate Picture of the Industrial Programmes for Rajasthan in the Fourth Plan Industry grouhs 1dditional Additional Additional Additional Additioral n esiment output employment fout 27 Te transport during the by 1973 74 oportunities quirement by requirement Fourth Plan by 1973 74 ky 1973 74 (Rs crore ) (Rs crores) 1973 74 (Mos) (kW) ( 000 tonnes) Niining industries and mineral development -7 17 10 00 15 200 40 000 8 000 Vetallurgical and metal based Industries 63 P9 15 200 31 7.0 311 Mineral based industries (Non metallurgical) 27"3 6 48 13 7.00 5 700 514 Agriculture livestock and forest based industries 16 95 78 25 450 51 800 399 Chemical and allied industries 6 02 7040 55 900 689 Small industries 6 00 80 000 40 000 300 TOTAL 172 26 53 42 156 640 272 150 12 413 15 97 6.40 67 ·106 INDUSTRIAL PROQRALDIES FOR THE FOURTH PLAN RAJASTILAN Table 4 Shares of Private and Pablic Sector Investments la lodastries in Rajasthan During the Fourth Plan (Rs crores) Groups and Industries Central Prate Total SI NO Go ernment Go criment sector State (2) (3) (5) (6) 1 5 Mining Industry and Afteral Development Mineral exploration Copper lead zinc ores Lignite All others 1 og 1 00 2 18.00 18 00 4 50 40 3 4 3 87 3 67 TOTAL 18 00 5 50 3 67 27 17 II Metallur ical and etal based Industries Copper zinc cadmium and silver Machine tools All others 1 2 3 55 00 TOO 53 po 100 1989 t2 89 TOTAL 5600 12 89 68 89 MIY Mineral based on Hetallurgical All industrica 27 23 27 23 IV Industrues Based on Articulture Livestock and Fo ists 1 4 20 2 Textiles cotton Sugar Woollen tops yam and cloth All others 4 20 1 25 i P8 3 42 2 00 3 4 8 40 135 3.18 342 1695 TOTAL 6 20 10 75 V Cumicals and illud Industrues Thosphatic ferulizer All others 14 59 2 IT 52 11 52 26 02 11 52 14 SO TOTAL VT Smulkiu in Irus 6.00 6 on GR WD TOTAL 83 50 I1 70 22.06 272 26 ·Tabios Mfaeral Production la Rajasthan 1960 6g (Value n R. 000) 1963 1964 1962 1961 1960 Quantity 1 alue Quanhly I alue quantity Quanhly Value Quantity Value Alineral Quantity Talue (IT) (12) (9) (10) (8) (7) (5) (5) (4) (2) 4 544 8 99 Tonnes 58 5 920 2013 10 627 28 64 3 680 841 613 9 787 35 079 8 62 6 384 23 25 9 837 2716 3 941 88 89 85 8 53 66 1320 63 2 353 38 56 47 224 6,245 22 31 5 4+ 3 768 7,12 125 425 11 99 5 608 1 51 1 033 37 1 314 26 4 260 28 67 079 1 205 29 6130 9 85 10 744 46 60 4 383 10 99 3, c87 4 04 1 062 21 2411 # 16 9365 170 4 893 60 56 687 12 09 5 532 1691 9 254 22 12 5 572 11 21 89 033 8 08 1,12 1 184 77 I 237 25 4 136 40 hgs 3 861 2826 2 133 5 289 4 953 101 90 49 TABLES 5 5 6 53 NA Lignite Lead concentrate Zinc concentrate Silver Iron ore Manganese ore Asbestos Barytcs Calcite Chinaclay (Crude sold as such + washed) Dolomite Emeralds (Crude) Emeralds (Dressed) reldspar Tluonte Garnet Cypsum hyanite Limestone Mica (Crude) Ochre 192 8 747 6 161 1 224 40 I G6 2 325 2040 37 6 840 53 638 6 220 25 9 729 TO 528 42 3 46 10 333 44 322 NA 295 352 NA NA 000 carats 386 NA 58 38 87 218 92 59 80 73 50 Tonnes 6 646 72 63 12 165 124 14 071 131 1 51 120,0 120 13 340 33 358 35 224 8 230 241 15 426 18 401 17 295 20 91478 53'4 789 897 45 15 1 033 72 57 12 1 082 929 38 89 7,8 191 50 39 16 59 37 3 : 588 902 63 6 1 619 841 40 63 691 771 44 13 1,736 593 51 89 1 717 790 58 21 7 326 52 79 7650 53 94 7420 68 76 6 970 63 51 5 470 48 42 43 I 65 2 5 105 6 21 516 213 34 337 3 56 408 45 '93 52 293 5 77 (Continued) 5 36 420 107 Quartz salıca Sand ·(1) Table 5 (Contd ) (5) (6) (2) (3) (8) (10) (12) 103 Tonn 1 73 033 883 Si alte crmiculic Sal! 307 262 62 87 2 78 075 26 80 87 751 31 58 97 338 32 53 112 8 6 34 18 61 2 312 14 2,0 000 51 84 384 300 88 11 436 400 1 13 38 3,0 Evo 49,6 3 10 32 3 55 06 400 10 4 25 27 5 59 61 TOTAL VITNOR VINERALS (Cross VALLR) TOTAL RAJUTIAN (GROSS VALLE) 70T IL INDIA (CROSS VALUE) 6 33 70 6 52 62 7 77 SI 8 22 44 9 17 14 3,64 75 62 - 1 80 54,16 - 207 99 58 -- 250,29 93 - 2,40 03,92 OURCE Indian Bureau of Vines Indian Minerals I rar Book 1964 INDUSTRIAL PROGRAMIES FOR THE FOURTH PLAN RAJASTHAN ·109 TABLES - Table 6 Mineral Prodaction-Rajasthan and India (1964) Afineral Unit India Rajasthan Rajasthan as a proportion of India (Per cent) Tonncs 1,69 000 6 130 10 744 1 205 6 130 10 744 4 383 2 411 hgs Tonncs 4 733 3 366 46 939 Lagnite Lead concentrate Zinc concentrate Silver Asbestos Barytes Calcite Emeralds (Dressed) Feldspar Gypsum Limestonc Mica (Crude) Stcalite Minor minerals 008 100 O 100 93 0 720 199 35 I 100 0 49 6 855 IO 1 24 O 9365 4 893 13 906 80 000 89 000 Carats Tonnes 24 382 882 Oxxo 17 017 Ono 22 806 120,0 758 191 1 717 790 5 470 112 826 55 61 133 820 045 Rs 000 311 743 179 ·Table 7 Production of Lead Zinc Ore and Concentrates 110 I uno & Ort Lead concentrale Zinc concentrate 1 - 7toune Itrated Fetal content Iroduced Whet content Produced Aicial content Total Pb Zn P. (Tenno) Tonnes) (Per cent) (Percent) (Percent) (Tonnes) (Per cent) (Per cent) (Tonnes) (Per cent) (Per cert) 3 66 6 488 6 245 9978 9 787 54 56 53 14 16 146 703 179 130 153 17 1533 16,8 1) 227 273793 I) 3 133 122 332 296 337 307 4 53 4 32 4 03 4 33 4.46 4 29 819 77 693 765 7 53 736 3 ڈی 5 532 & 394 5 920 6130 73 77 72 5 734 71 98 72 9 73 3 NA 57 59 6 25 5 64 4 96 9 254 TO O 4 10 627 IO 744 NA 1 09 1 65 IS 152 52 55 14 55 11 307 1 03 SOURCE - Indian Bartau of Ming Ind on erals Tiar Boot INDUSTRIAL PROGRAMES FOR THE FOURTH PLAN RAJASTIIAN ·111 TABLES Table 8 Estimated Fx Factory Prodection Cost of Sulphuric Acid for Plants at Source of Salphur Pyrites and Gypsumn (in Rs {tonne of acid) Pyriks price at price at bad Scak of Sulphur al port of entry Production of acid per day Rs 2251 Rs 247) Rs 3001 (in tonnes tonne tonne tonne (2) (2) (4) Rs 351 RI 5201 forne Lonne (5) (6) Gypsum price d al 12 tonne Rs 80) lonne (8) TOO 117 50 125 143 100 116 2000 112 50 120 131 76 92 117 1036 500 104 50 112 123 59 73 100 921 * Assumes manufacturr of aad at port in the case of imported sulphur and near thing Bites in the case of pyrites and gypsum b Costs estimated after Kharbanda O P 1963 Techno Economic Aspects of Sulphunc Acid Industry in India Thermual Age of India Vol 14 No i 1963 PP 48 and 50 Costs of production have been recalculated in columns (a} () (5) and (7) after Kharbanda op cut to allow for different price levels for imported sulphur and pyntes d After Poddar V 1962 Cement I dustry in India Pp 137 143 For a scale of production of 300 tonnes of acid per day Recalculated after Poddar of cut for a scale of production of foo tonnes of acid per day ·112 INDUSTRIAL PROORAIBES FOR TIJE FOURTII PLIN RAJASTIAN Table 9 Anticipated Mineral Production la Rajasthan 1976-77 Quantity in tonnes) (Valuc in Rs (no) 1965 Qatthy 1913 77 (Estimald) Oulap I alle 70 Ignite copper ore Lai zinc orc 500 KVO 312 XX 1 OCX 74 80 Bourb 1, XX) thar (x) 9 4jt 300 (XN) 30 Iron ore Huoriten (ypumi Lampyronc Vica KN (W J! | Ն > -C7 12! 6 000 O IKK) 647x to RKD 10 (X) 0 7 Turtro Wante Llin clay Illuar Quants milica Straut Ottery-Varem nerale Minor marra! TOTAL (NOU ALL TOTALT ALLE 2 IN 313 916 117) 3833 3 13 5 $7.0 I!!! 79 197000 Rus of one ore ► Incl 1 alur of reco rrett als c Inc! In manzanese ore null tre and In cult m dul FK garnet kynt ·TABLES 113 Table 10 Additlonal Output Investment and Employment in the Fourth Plan Honeral Alfiltanal output (Tonnes per year) Additional I resment (In Rs lakhs) Additional omplotment (No of persons 4 564 500 OOK 312,000 750 OLO 99 ONO 2 550 000 13 cob 5006 500 3 00 1 000 300 2 400 Lignute Copper ore Lead zinc ore Flourite Limestone Wolfram Other minerals-major and minor TOTAL meral exploration at 10 per cent of 146, value of mineral production TOTAL I Go 270 1 00 7 500 26 17 100 27 17 25 200 * Includes Rs 50 lakhs for underground gasification trials for Ignite b Includes investment on mine and mill A provisional investment awaiting the results of the investigation underway ·114 INDUSTRIAL PROGRAJIVES FOR TIIE FOURTH PLAN RAJASTIJAN Table 18 List of Metal Products 1 2 3 4 3 G 7 8 TO 12 13 1 16 Igricultural implements Molts nuts rivets and dogspikes Hurricane lanterns torches and oil pressure lamps Machine screw Hood SCTEWS lecules Razor blades Small tools and hand tools Conduit pipo Trpanded metal Inam I are Hire cxt nguishers els ng ciccitud Wire ropes Drums and containers Ibrave tonla Stone Cutlery Utensi Steel furniture Du er hardware CI Speine chains 1 cic night bar sharing Crown corks Trots and bucket Whal barrows flat on trolleys etc Cuple gates and grou Wire netting chansal toys Inc 19 20 71 "2 33 21 3 7 1 ·115 TABLES Table 12 Machinery, Except Electrical-All India Targets and Sanctloned Capacitles Industry L'At Sanctioned caments Target 1973 74 AMatrnt an Apparent (CPSS (6) (2) (3) (+) I 700 It 550 140 70 9 13 100 48 50 32 160 70 35 77 10 48 13 56 36 04 26 046 1 22 38 37 Coal and other raining Thousand machinery tonnes 2 Cotton texule machinery Rs crores 3 Sugar machinery 172 4 Cement n30 5 Paper 160 6 Printing 7 Equipm nt for chemical industry 177 8 Havy plate and vessel works Thousand tonnes 23 9 Metallurgical and other heavy equipment 10 Dairy machinery Rs crores 26 11 Tea processing machinery 2 14 Building and road construction machinery 100 13 Power boilers Thousand tonnes 173 14 Industrial boilers Rs crores 169 15 Tractors agricultural Thousand nos 30 16 Diesel engines stationary 120 17 Power driven pumps 300 18 Ar compressors Rs crores 19 Machine tools 750 20 Crawler tractors Nos I 140 21 Shovels and excavators 142 22 Dumpers and scrappers bo 23 Road roliers 2 280 24 Grinding wheels Totines 25 Instruments Rs crores 48 -6 Steel pps and tubes Thousand tonnes 746 6 27 Cranes 25 6 28 Typewriters Thousand nos 1414 29 Sewing machines 470 30 Watches clocks and timc pieces 1 300 31 Ball and roller bearings Million nos 196 32 Petrol/kerosene cng nes 'Thousand nos 6.8 33 Machine tools accessones Rs crores 13 3+ Portable tools 91 Reduction gears 60 Lifts Nos 470 78 135 13 2 48 256 85 10 5 18 136 15 10 1080 7 620 500 117 300 1 380 7 40 320 490 42 98 645 2 000 26 24 32 16 18 620 330 6.40 25 240 900 380 27 2 256 6 164 43 4 175 700 64 38 8 19 05 42 180 (lonunued) 35 36 ·116 INDUSTRIAL PROGI AMMES FOR TIIT TOURTII PLAY RAJASTTIAV Table 1a (Contd) (1 IC 3) J t> 2 B 7 149 37 Rire dal and flour mill and oil mill machinery Rs crores 38 Tractoriawn implements mnm Drilling mithintry Rotors 39 367 40 Concying machinery 41 Fans and blosers Thousand 110 42 Bolts nuts and mixels Miousand tonnes En 43 Agricultural implements Tork hift trucks Mos 4373 Heighing machinery Rs cares 18 46 Calculators Thousand non 444 47 Duplicators I millIII دا3 CO 14 31 ) Table 13 Electrical Machinery --A11 Indla Targets and Sanctioned Capacities 1973 74 Laut can cities Zag? Appar ni Sanct Industy parent mer 16) (1) (2) (3) (5) I 10 goo 11 I 660 000 T2 4 500 I 740 a 4 7 Turbo generators --Steam --Hydro Transformers Motors Control gear and switch gear House service meters VIR and PVC cables ACSR conductors Winding wires Paper insulated cable Arc welding electrodes Ar conditioners Water coolers Refrigerators Electrc fans Dry batter es Storage batteries Electric lamps Fluorescent lamps Rad o rec Ivet MW 2 900 MW 1 700 Mill KIA 1 2 2 MW 2 760 Rs crores NA Thousand nos 1 853 Mill on 1 052 Thousand tonnes 94 7 6 hm 25 500 ALillion metres 85 Thousand nos 48 532 947 2 900 165 69 38 9 36 4 2 280 520 70 6 2 600 40 32 64 6 1 91 320 1 300 14 13 1420 53 8 16 8 0 24 Mil! nos 161 5 385 Th nos Mll nos Mul nos Th nos 17 4815 915 179 12 5 709 34 8 05 711 Reported enough capac ty already created ·Table 14 Metallurgical and Metal based Industries-Recommendations and Implications Uaits for capac lies 4d7197 Irodacities 4d4 tronat ?? ¢ imet (Rs crores) Fepansion et Tor For Total units Total cypansion RRRC Brits Add: tional net output (Rs crores) (૧). Addt 1dd: tronal tional emploi poter ment (LW) (Nos ) 4d1 tional frans port ( 000 tonnes) Industry sub group and industries (10) (11) (12) (8) (52 (0) (7) (2) Base Melal Industries 4 500 A 4CO 4, oo 400 I 00 2 300 2 500 Bo 50 31 31 20 11 000 10 00 In 00 75 6 I 250 000 II 0 0 2 73 7) IT IT TABLES 10 5 000 1 000 5 000 5 000 I 000 5 000 0 33 OTO 040 0 33 o 10 0 40 017 0 04 015 fo 40 100 100 100 400 3 16 (X00 tonnes Copper ingot 3 20 2 Zinc ingot Cadmium Tonnes 75 3 Silvera 000 kgs 5 Lead ingot 000 tonncs B Sventory Prafu! fel and Other letals 1 Strel wires Tonncs 2 Coop r and brass tubes Zinc shects and strips C Metal Products Tndustrial fasteners (bolts and nuts) 000 tonncs 2 Izric sltural implements Tonnes D Vichiun Fecept Plectrual Vachine tools 6 Rs crorcs Vachine tools accessories O o69 o 60 TO OJO OI 010 50 TO 400 20 11 OII 2 500 2 300 200 1 00 1 00 50 2G 6 - 2+1 04? 50 10 4 00 150 100 I 00 300 (Continued) 117

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·Table 15 Progress in the Glass ladustries in ladia in the Third Plan Type of glassware quantity Estima Capacitya Capacity Copacity leca Jar el tr licensed utalled demand in 1965 66 in 1965 1965 66 () (5) (b) Production 1963 1961 1962 1954 1955 (7) (4) (8) (10) (9) (11) (2) 9 B10 8136 000 sq metres Tonnes Flat glass sheet Bottles and vials Table and presscdware Lampware Scienuſicware Vacuum Alasks Glass shells Miscellancous ware 17 522 21 ro2 24,80 18 gco 6,80 8 748 ე ვნა 03 200 294 640 268 cco 22 67 113 tro 117cco Ingco 13 416 153 og 66 640 91 440 91 93 31 6co 32 Co 41 118 38 398 418 8 30 480 44 704 51 685 23 600 18 cco 1903 16 1,0 16 443 15 240 22 352 15 ogi 3 40 4 330 4 513 3 C695462 2 743 4 064 3 720 940 880 975 1 046 I 188 3 353 3 15 3 Co 3540 2 c6 3 C42 4 384 35 60 990 6 600 6,85 6 690 5 573 3 080 2 +27 8 444 1661 €6 FP 5 4 ard 555 TABLES & Planning Commission Pro rammes of Industrial De 119 ·Table 16 Mineral based in fastries Noa Vetallorgical-Reconimendations and Implications 120 Unit fo (pacities Iddit o al capacity 16 u IR IT 1 Rs ar + pan Intu In 1) (2) 32 4 10 ju 1 ) 3 1 10 Ex Portland cerint 003 tonnes Cem nt cum Sulphur c acid White cement cum Sulphate of potast Tonns Micarute Wet ground mica Glass architectural build ne bloks Synthetic cryolite and aluminium fluondc oxx) tonnes INDE SIKINI Rexhursh Tit Mutfit 111 3 }x) + 3 3 5 1 X G TOTAL 1° ro & Since lo anons near quarry line tonc tran portation is not includ 1 Since location is near quarry gypsum tran portati n not include RVATI ·Table 17 Industries Based on Agriculture Livestock and Forests-Recommendations and Implications Additional in estment Additional pactes (Rs crores) TV For ex Pant100 tots Total anston uits Total 4dd1 tional employ 17 (Nos ) 1d! tional pouer iddi tronal # tout ut (R crores) 4ddt tronal ITAN ort (000 tonnes) Por new Industry Units for cafacities (k\V) 8 500 25 000 3 00 4 200 100 10 36 2 00 050 o 60 6 60 I 80 1 25 360 1 80 I 25 100 200 00 I 250 100 I 200 1 250 1 500 2 600 100 1 I 200 2 3 !1 il ila 049 012 500 250 700 100 044 O 12 180 20 0 49 O 12 80 100 0 רון 100 350 12 10 OTO 014 200 200 OJO 0 33 OTO 0 33 3 000 6 000 3 XO 6 000 TABLPS 7 I A 1 riculture based Industries Cotton yarn 000 spindles Cotton (extiles looms Sugar Tonnes per day crushing Flour milling 000 tonncs Oil multing 000 tonncs 8 Solvent extraction of oil cake Tonnies Vana pati Tonnes BLnestock based Industries Tanning Million hides 2 Milk products 3 Woollen textiles (a) Wool tops Million hgs (6) Spinning unit for shoddy yarn Spindles (c) Composite mill Spindles Looms (d) Carpet weaving Looms () Hoollen yarn Spindles 0 18 Ono 018 0 20 50 100 ong 010 05 00 100 05 11 10 1 000 2 60 5 000 2 60 i 50 60 60 00 450 O 08 08 005 500 I 000 00 J00 1 000 00 o 60 0 90 0 60 030 0 30 0 42 0 21 0 20 2 000 1 000 1 000 Joon 2 500 2 500 10 5 10 I 250 0 30 50 C Forest based Industries 080 0 20 100 o 80 Q 1 00 3 000 6 000 4 500 Paper and pulp Tonnes Chip board Straw board 39 18 58 900 200 1900 050 OIO 0 75 3 000 6 000 + 500 3 50 1 00 4 800 I Ill 1 25 450 51 800 599 121 3 7 82 - 330 13 65 16 95 TOTAL ·Table 18 Chemical and Allied Industrles-Recommendations and Impllcations 122 par 5 1dd 1d! mal fran unt loer Idd Ional #tment Add Add Rs crores) I onal 1 onal For new n out mplos To al part on un Toral put (Rs ment Crores) (hos ) Idd Ional tonal our tans (kW) fat ( 000 tonnes) . 17 milac 120 Io 1 0 0 tonna 120. 10 13 00 14 3 Go 3 Coo 10 cco 400 18 Cu Canta Salsash 0 Tonnes I onnes per day 650 200 340 00 4 75 2 40 + 75 06 0 75 1 220 1 300 39 000 ICO 80 165 INDUSTRIAL PROGRAMMES FOR THE TOUPTII PLAN 0 - 3 75 00 75 4 OCO 200 2 00 017 00 IOO 040 009 TO + 3 017 70 400 2 00 1x of plas c Ricores Na um (en cals ronncs Pement t tnncs of II plone and lonnes curam of z nc on te Syn! cd tergenti Tonnes TOTAL 9 006 150 1 50 75 70 3 7 0 22 4 OCO 0 70 0 0 o 25 00 CO 10 3 90 22 12 26 O2 6 40 7040 55 900 689 Neulr cattor lzer Unt RAJASTHAN ·TABLES 123 Table 19 Ladustrial Structure in Rajasthan and India in 1960 61 36 no All India Implonni nel output in Rs 000 (9) Rajasthan Employment Act oulfut in Rs 000 10) (2) (4) 1 Household manufacture 337 929 9 740 7.2 (545) 31 90 393 (169) 58 124 (226) 2 Non household small (a) fraditional 48 75 241 4 216 324 (236) (958) 119 023 (230) 84 030 (317) (6) Modern 739 707 14 07 718 11 n62 (74) (22) 13 563 (5) 3 Large scale 94 22 634 3 190 66, (1781 50 87 (96) 518 501 (1000) 100 574 (392) 256 691 (1000) (499) 188 95 986 (1000) TOTAL INDUSTRY SECTOR 17 887 418 (1000) NOTES - 2 Figures within bra kets denote percentages Figures given for large cale manufacture have been corrected for non response SOURCE - NCAER 1964 Inconic and Structure of Manufacturing Industry 1960 61 Occasional Paper No 8

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·TABLES 125 Table 1 Structure of Small Scale Industries in India in 1961 S7 λο Industry group Employment (000) Nel Out ut (Rs crores) 1 209 2 409 77 1 2 6 3 ng 4 5 6 134 Agro based Forest based Chemicals Mineral based Metal based Textiles Miscellanrous (Including livestock based) St B TOTAL NON HOLSFHOLD SMALL ENTERPRISES GRAND TOTAL 134 7 67 620 4 216 4 836 37 1 24 t 184 145 8 487 5 633 3 ·126 INDUSTRIAL TROORATIES FOR TIZ FOURTII PLAI RAJASTIAN Table 12 Structure of Small Scale Industries in Rajasthan In 1963 66 (Toulmated) Inuity & wp i ou plyn (Ks ) Agro basert 310 2 Forest bascul 31 416 3 Chemicals 672 4 Mineral Lased 1 26) 2 377 5 Metal 1 ased 1 250 3 17.) 6 Textiles 3 711 3 920 Mscellancous (Including livestock based ڈرل Su Toral 10 100 16 000 MOY JOLJENOLD SWALL INTERPRISES 150 000 106 000 CRANI) TOT I 160 400 122 000 ·TABLES 127 Table 23 Stracture of Small Scale ludustries in Rajasthan in 1973 74 (Estimated) Industry group No of persons employed Met output (Rs lakhs) 1 Agro based G 1,00 7,0 2 Forest-based 970 I 20 3 Chemicals 1 150 300 4 Mineral based 3 230 75 0 5 Metal based 5 300 185 0 6 Textiles 11 800 74 0 150 440 Miscellancous (Including livestock based) Sun Toral 30 800 495 0 NON HOUSEHOLD SMALL ENTERPRISES 255 000 1 800 0 GRAND TOTAL 285 800 2 295 0

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·Appendix
Project Director
SHIRI S BALAKRISTINA
Other Officers
DR K VENUGOPAL
Suki DR GARGA
Suri PS BALASUBRAMANIAN
SHRI SD THAPAR
Consultant
SHRI S SARANGAPANY

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·Iades A Fertiliser 27 82 84 Fibres 74 Flour milling 76 Fluoride 25 G Aggregate 5 Alcohol 85 Alkalı 84 Alloys 44 45 Aluminium 46 Asbestos 33 Automobile parts 62 Garnet 37 Gas 16 Glass 69 Gold 41 Graphite 37 B Gypsum 26 Barytes 33 Bicycles 62 Bentonite 34 Building 39 1 с Industry 12 43 58 63 73 82 87 90 93 Investment 5 Iron castings 50 Iron ore 23 44 K Kyanite 37 Cables 60 Cadmium 49 Calcite 34 Cement 64 67 Ceramics 70 Chemicals 82 85 87 94 Chloride 86 Clays 35 Copper 16 45 53 Cryolite 71 L Lamps 58 Lead 48 54 55 Ligate 14 Limestone, 29 40 Livestock 78 D Development 8 12 42 91 Dicsel engines 58 Dolomite 35 M M Electrical porcelain 70 Emeralds 35 Employment opportunities 8 Machinery 35 36 Machine tools 57 Magnesite 37 Manganese ore 24 Marble 40 Metals 25 43 48 55 95 Metallurgical 43 64 Mica 31 32 67 Milling 76 77 Milk products 78 F Feldspar 36

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·Also by NCAER Underutılızation of Industrial Capacity THE PROBLEM OF underutilization of industrial capacity in India has assumed an urgency of its own in the context of the persisting foreign exchange dilliculties Yet there seems to be no clear idea of the extent of underutulization in our industries This study offers an estimate of underutilization in fire major groups-metal products, machinery other than electrical, electrical machinery, transport equipment and chemicals and chemical products The underutilization percentages these groups have been calculated on the actual as well as the desirable number of shifts The more important factors responsible for underatılızation have been indicated and possibilities of increased production have also been suggested 10 Rs $ ᏚᏂ 12 00 200 15/