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·LUNG HEALERS EASY TEETHING.' DO NOT LET YOUR CHILD DIE. COUGHS, COLDS, BRONCHITIS. Yonntage Obildren's Powders Prevent Convulsions, FENNINGS ARE COOLING AND SOOTHING. FENNINGS' The Best Remedy to Cure all Coughs, Colds, Asthmas, &c. For Children cutting their teeth, to prevent Sold in Boxes at 1s. atd. and as. od., Convulsions. with directions. Sent post-free for 15 Do not contain Calomel, Opium, Morphia, or anything stamps. Direct to ALFRED FENNINGS, injurious to a tender babe sold in Stamped Boxes at West Cowes, I.W. The largest size Is. itd. and as. 9d. (great saving), with full directions. Boxes, 26. 9d. (35 stamps post-free), Sent post-free for 15 stamps. Direct to ALFRED contain three times the quantity of FEYNINGS, West Cowes, 1.W. small Boxes Read FENNINGS' EVERY MOTHER'S BOOK, Read FENNINGS' EVERY. which contains valuable hints on Feeding, Teething, BODY'S DOCTOR. Sent post-free Weaning, Sleeping, &c. for 13 stamps. Direct A. FENNINGS, Ask your Chemist for a FREE Copy. West Cowes, I.W. SAFE TEETHING, BRONCHITIS CURED. GREENSILL'S MONA BOUQUET. THE ORIGINAL AND ONLY GENUINE. The increasing popularity of this exquisite Perfume is a proof of its excellence and superior qualities. T. S. GREENSILL, Douglas, Isle of Man, Bona fide Proprictor and Maker. AGENTS.-LONDON : J. Sanger ; Barron and Squire ; Low, Son, and Haydon; S. Maw i J. Thompson; Wm. Edwards Hovenden; Evans and Lescher; F. Newbery; Barclay ; Whittaker and Grossmuth, Wright, Layman, and Amney. LIVERPOOL: Evans, Sons, and Co. ; Clay, Dod, and Case; R. Sumner and Co. ; Raies and Co. MANCHESTER: J. Woolley; Jewsbury and Brown. EDINBURCHI: Duncan and blockhart ; Raimes and Blanshand. DUB- LIN: M‘Master, Hodgson, and Co. YORK. Sutclife and Headley; Clark, Bicasdale, and Co. CHIRSK: Wm. Foggilt. BRISTOL: Ferris and Co. LEEDS: Goodall, Backhouse, and Co. BIRMINGHAM: Jno. Churchill and Son. CARLISLE: Joe Todd. BARROW-IN-FURNESS: Steele, Chemist. WUTEHAVEN : Wilson and Kitchin. Glasgow: W. and H. Millar; T. Muirhead and Co. ; Jolm Anderson. Introduced in 1852. TRADE MARK-TOWER OF REFUGE. REGISTERED. For a Hundred Excellent and Palatable HOUSEHOLD RECIPES , Write to Messrs. GOODALL, BACKHOUSE, and Co., LEEDS, enclosing a penny stamp for postage, when you will be presented with a valu- •able book of 100 pages, bound in cloth and fully illustrated, called "GOOD THINGS, " Made, Said, and Done, for every Home and Householä. Pribas PLEASE MENTION THIB BOOK.

·13 BUNTER'S NERVINE (the great Nerve Tonic) is manufactured for INTERNAL AS WELL AS EXTERNAL USE, and may be had of any Patent Medicine Vendor, with directions for use, and the words "FOR INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL USE" on the Wrappers and Labels, and will prove an invigorating tonic for the relief and cure of NEURALGIA, RHEUMATISM, COUGHS, COLDS, DEBILITY, INDIGESTION, &c., &c. For Toothache, BUNTER'S NERVINE is the best specific, giving instant relief and effecting permanent cure. See Medical Testimonials. From J. HOUNSELL, Esq., Surgeon :-"Very severe cases under my care have found instantaneous and permanent relief. I therefore give my testimonial of having used it with invariable success, and recommend its use to the Profession and the Public." From E. SMITH, Esq., Surgeon, Sharston, near Cirencester :-“I have tried BUNTUR'S NERVINE in many cases, and in every instance permanent relief has been obtained." "FRO THE BLOOD IS THE LIFE." PAGE WOODCOCK'S WIND PILLS CLARKE'S have for twenty-five years held the first place in the work as an effectual antidote to Indigestion, Wind on the WORLD FAMED Stomach, Biliousness, Sick Headache, and all cornplaints arising trom a disordered state of the Stomach, Bowels or Liver Tonic, purifying, and invigoratin', they form the best remedy extant, 16. rd and as ad per Box BLOOD MIXTURE. Of ull Chemists, or of l'AGE WOODCOCK, C'ALLERI STRE11, NORWICH, for Stamps. TOWIE'S Is warranted to cleause the blood from all impuri. ties from whatever cause arising. For PENNYROYAL AND STEEL PILLS Scurvy, Sores of all kinds, Skin and Blood Dist.es, its effects are niarvellous. Thousands of Testi- FOR FEMALES. monials from all parts. In Bottles, 75, 61. e.ch, and in cases of six times the quantity, Us, euch. Quickly correct all irregularities and reheve the Oi all Chemists, Sept to any address for 30.05.132 distressing symptoms so prevalent with the Ser. Stamps, by the Proprietors, "The Lincoln and Mid Bures is. itd. and 25. yd., of all Chemets. land Counties' Drug Conipany (late 1 J. Clarke), anywliere on receipt of 15 or 34 Stamps by the Lincoln,' Beware of spurious imitations. Maker, E. T. TOWLE, Chemist, NOUINIJAM- Sejfula, Sint NICHOLSON'S NEW COSTUMES AND MANTLES. ILLUSTRATIONS FREE. Mirsk Silk Paletots, znin. deer, 5 Guineas. Real Alasha Seul l'aletots, 10 Guineas. PATTERNS FREE. NEW SILKS. DRESS MATERIALS. PATTERNS D. NICHOLSON & CO., Costumiers and Silk Mercers, 50 to 53 St. Paul's Churchyard, London: EXCELSIOR” GAS BATH, 66 WITH LINEN WARMER, 95 10s. GAS CONSERVATORY BOILERS £5 109. Od. Frona 489. THE "CALDA” INSTANTANEOUS WATER HEATER, 4 7s. 6d. GAS COOKING STOVES, from 1os. 6d. Solc Maker: G. SHREWSBURY, 59 OLD BAILEY, LONDON, E.C. l'actrry Barrington Road, S.N. (Address to Factory.)

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·DR. J. COLLIS BROWNE'S ORIGINAL AND ONLY GENUINE CHLORODYNE. QOUGHS, DRAL COLLIS BROWNE'S DR. J. COLLIS, BROWNE'S COLDS, GREAT SPECIFIC for ASTHMA, CHOLERA, DYSENTERY, NEURALGIA, GOUT. BRONCHITIS. DIARRHEA. TOOTHACHE, RHEU. DR. COLLIS BROWNE'S CHLORODYNE is the true PALLIATIVE in MATISM. . Thc GENERAL BOARD OF CALORODYNE -This wonder- HEALTH, London, REPORT that ful remedy was discovered by Dr. J. From Dr. B. J. BOULTON and Co it ACTS as a CHARM, one dose gener. Horncastle. COLLIS BROWNE, and the word ally sufficient. "We have made pretty extensive use Chlorodyno coined by him expressly to of Chlorodyne in our practice lately, dosignate it There never has been and look upon it as an excellent direct remedy so vastly benehcial to suffering Dr. GIBBON, Army Medical Staff Sedative and Anti-Spasiodic. It humanity, and it is a subject of deep con. Culcutta, states:"TWO DOSES COM seens to allay pau and imitation in cern to the public that they should not PLETELY CURED ME OF DIARR. be imposed upon by having imitations H(LA." whatever organ, and from whatever pressed upor hem on account of cheapcause. It induces a feeling of corufure and quietude not obtainable by my nosa, and as being the same thing, Dr. other remedy, and it seems to possess is a from the this great advantage over all other CHLORODYNE rapidly cuts Sedatives, that it leave no unploasunt spurious compounds oalled Chlorodyne, short all attacks of after-effects" bi COLLIS BROWNES CHILOR. DR. J; COLLIS BROWNE'S the use of which only ends in disappoint- EPILEPSY, SPASMS, COLIC, PALPITATION, HYSTERIA, mont and failure IMPORTANT CAUTION. cellor Sir W PAGE Woon STATED COUGHS, COLDS, &c. CALORODYNE - Vice Chan- The IMMENSE SALF of this REMEDY has given rlye to many UNthat Dr SCRUPULOUS IMITATIONS LIS BROWNE was UNDOUBTI:DLY From W. VESALIUS PETTIGREW, NB--EVERY BOTTLE OF the INVENTOR of CHLORODYNE, MI), formerly Lecturer at St George's GENUINE CHLORODYNE BEARS that the whole story of the defendant lluspital. London on the GOVERNMENT STAMP thu was deliberately untrue, and he regretted "I have no hesitation in stating that NAME of the INVENTOR, to say it had been sworn tu --See The Times, July 13th, 1804. so efficacious as an Anti-Spasniodic DR. J. COLLIS BROWNE. I have used it in C sumption, Asthma, Diarrhcra, and other diseases, and am perfectly satis SOLD IN BOTTLES, 15. ifd, 25 d., CHLORODYNE is a LIQUID fied with the results MEDICINE which ASSUAGES PAIN Froin W., C WILKINSON, Esq. 45 61, by all Chemists. of EVERY KIND, affores a calin re F.RCS, Sibalding SOLF MANUFACTURFR, freshing sleep WITHOUT HEAD). "I conder at lavaluable in Phthens ACHE, and INVIGORATES the J T. DAVENPORT, 33 GREAT and Spasinodic Cough; the benefit is NERVOUS SYSTEM when exhausted very niarked indeed." RUSSLLL STREET, W.C. LOYSEL'S PATENT HYDROSTATIC TEA AND COFFEE PERCOLATORS. BLOCK TIN AND COPPER BRONZED. These Urns, of which more than 200,000 are now in use, are, without exception, the simplest and the most efficient ones yet introduced ; they produce quickly, and with very little trouble, beautiſully clear and fine flavoured Tea or Coffee, and effect a considcrable saving by extracting all the strength. ALSO, TEA AND COFFEE URNS in every variety, and other requisites, for use in Coffee Taverns, Restaurants, Hotels, Clubs, Schools, and large Establishments generally. THE ABOVE ARE SOLD BY ALL RESPECTABLE IRONNONGERS. Manufacturers--GRIFFITHS & BROWETT, Birmingham; 21 Moorgate Street, London; and 47 Avenue Parmentier, Paris. cannot wear out the teeth that are brushed night and niorning with ROWLAND'S ODONTO, the purest and most fragrant dentifrice ever made. All dentists allow that neither washes or pastes are as efficacious for polishing the teeth and kecping the sound and white.as a pure and non-gritty tooth powder; suck Rowland's Odonto has always proved itself, Ask any dealer in perfumery for Rowland's Odonto.

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·THE PICTORIAL
YEAR BOOK OF CELEBRITIES
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·PREFACE. ONE NE of the most popular studies of the present day is, undoubtedly, that of biography; and that it should be so is a very promising sign for the future. It is, indeed, by the acquaintance of the works and lives of the great men and women of the past that the rising gencration can alone hope to shape their lives, and take encouragement and warning for the future in the lessons of the past. In this little work, however, our ambition does not soar so high. We herein attempt to record in a more lasting fashion than is possible in the ephemeral columns of a weekly newspaper, the name, deeds and lineaments of men who, during the past year, have been brought before the public, and whosc services might be otherwise forgotten or ignored. Linking the events which gather round the various narnes, we have endcavoured to touch, very lightly it is true, upon deeds not only of passing moment, but which may, in years to come, help to change the course of events and lead up to many impu.cant reforms in the social and political history of our country. J. H. T.

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·CONTENTS. PAGE ... ... 79, 80 ... 19 ... ... 72 ... ... ... ... ADAM, Rt. Hon.W.P.(the late) 59, 60 MAC SWINEY, Captain James AIREY, General Lord (the late) 28 (the late) 83 ALEXANDER III. of Russia ... MARIA FEODOROVNA of Russia 43 44 ARTHUR, General Chester A. MARSHAM, Dr. R. B. (the late) 24 BEACONSFIELD, Rt. Hon. Earl MECHI, Mr. John Joseph (the (the late) 48--51 late) 23 BLANQUI, Auguste (the late)... 21, 22 MIALL, Mr. Edward (the late) 58 BRADLEY, Rev. G. G., D.D.... 77, 78 PEASE, Mr. Henry (the late)... 61 CAMOYS, Rt. Hon. Lord (the REED, Sir Charles (the late)... 52, 53 late) 29 RENDEL, Mr. Stuart, M.P. CARLYLE, Thomas (the late)... 30-32 ROLLESTON, Prof. (the late) ... 71 CARINGTON, Rt. Hon. Lord... 17 ROSE, Ald. Sir W. A. (the late) 62 COLLEY, General Sir G. P. ROUSTAN, M. 54 (the late) 41,42 Russia, Emperor of (the late) 33, 34 CROSS, Mrs. (the late) 25, 26 RUSSIA, Emperor of the present 43 CUMMING, Rev. John (the late) RUSSIA, Empress of .. 44 DICKSEE, Mr. Frank, A.B.A. SACKVILLE-West, Hon. Sack- · DUFF, Rt. Hon. M. E. Grant 64 ville 90 ECROYD, Mr. W. F., M.P. 65 SALISBURY, Marquis of 65 ELIOT, George (the late) SHAW LEFEVRE, Rt. Hon. G. ELLIOT, Capt. J. M. (the late) 46 J., M.P. 15 ELLIS, Mír. Alderman... 87, 88 SINGLETON, Major Loftus (the late) 57 ELMORE, Alfred, R.A. (the late) 27 SLAGG, Mr. John, M.P. GARFIELD), General (the late) 81, 82 STANIEY, Very Rev. Dean (the GRANT DUFF, Rt. Hon. M. E. 64 late) 68-70 Gow, Mr. Andrew C., A.R.A. 35 STREET, Mr. G. E., R.A. (the HART, Mr. S.A., R.A.(the late) 67 « late) 96-98 HATHERLEY, Lord (the late)... 73, 74 SURR, Mrs. 94, 95 HAYMERLE, Baron (the late)... 86, 87 TENNANT, Professor James ... 45 JACKSON, Sir H. M., Bart., Q.C. THORNYCROFT, Mr. Hamo, (the late) 47 A.R.A. JAMES, Lord Justice (the late) 63 TREVELYAN, Rt. Hon. G. O., M.P. KARSLAKE, Sir John (the late) 84, 85 LEFEVRE, Rt. Hon. G. J. Shaw, TUNIS, Bey of ... M.P. 15 WEST, Hon. Sackville Sackville go LINDLEY, Mr. Justice... 89 | WOLSELEY, Lieut.-General Sir Garnet LONG, Mr. Edwin, R.A. 92-94 74-76 LUSH, Lord Justice (the late) 98-100 Woon, General Sir Evelyn, K.C.B. 39, 40. MACDONALD, Mr., M.P. (the lite) YARBOROUGH, Rt. Hon. Earl of 91 25, 26 ... .. .. .. 20 .. ... . ... ... 37, 38 ... 16 56 ... ... ... ..

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·CHRONOLOGICAL INDEX. Page laze 13 . ... ... 53 .. I.. . I. ... 20 3 .. ... I. 1880. Nov. Rt. Hon. G. J. Shaw Lefevre, M.P. 15 Rt. Hon. G. O. Trevelyan, M.P. 16 Dec. The latc Dr. R. B. Marsham 23 22 The late Mrs. Cross (George Eliot) 25 26 The late Mr. J. J. Mechi... 23 The late Captain J. M. Elliot 1881. Jan . The late M. Blanqui 21, 22 6 Rt. Hon. Lord Carington 17 Rt. Hon. Earl of l'arborough 18 Mr. Stuart Rendle, MI.P. 19 Mi. John Slags, M.P. 13 The late Lord Camoys 29 24 The late Mr. Alfred Elmore, R.A. 27 The late Capt. James Mac Swiney 28 Mi. Frank Dicksec, A.R.A. 36 Mr. Andrew C. Gow, A.R.A. 35 Mr. Hamo Thoinycroft, A.R.A.... 37, 38 I'he late Karl of Beaconsfield 48-51 Feb 5 The late Thomas Carlyle ... 30-32 23 The late Professor Tennant 45 29 The late General Sir G. P. Colley 41, 42 General Sir Evelyn Wood 39, 40 March 8 l'he iate Sir H. M. Jackson, Bart., Q.C. 47 13 The late Alexander II. of Russia 33, 34 Alexander III. of Russia .. 43 » Empress of Russia ... 44 25 The late Sir Charles Reed 52, 53 Aurii 11. Roustan... 54 1881. April Bey of Tunis 56 May 1 The late Major Loftus Singleton 57 II The late Mr. S. A. Hart, R.A. 67 25 The late Rt. Hon. W. l'. Adam ... 59, бо 30 'The late Mr. Henry Pease 61 The late Mr. Edward Miall Thc Marquis of Salisbury 63 June 7 The late Lord Justice James 63 9 The late Alderman Sir W. A. Rose 62 Rt. Hon. M. E. Grant-Dufr 64 Mr. W. F. Ecroyu, M.P. ... 65 The late Professor Rulleston 70 July 10 The late Lowl Hatherley ... 73, 74 » 013 Mr. Edwin Long, K.A. 74-76 15 The late Rev. J. Cumming, D.I). 72 18 The late. Very Rev. A. P. Stanley, D.1). Scpt. The Rev. G. G. Bradley, 1).D. 77, 78 14 The late General Lord Airey 83 19 The late General Garfield 81, 82 22 General Chester A. Arthur • Oct. so 'The late Baron Flaymerle :. 86, 87 14 The late Sir John Karslake 84, 85 27 Mr. Justice Lindley 89 31 The late Mr. Macdonald, M.P.... 91 Hon. Sackville Sackville-West 90 Nou. Lieut.-Gen. Sir Garnet Wolseley 92-94 Mrs. Surr, L.S.B. 94, 95 Dec. 18 The late Mr. G. E. Street, R.A. 96-93 27 The late Lord Justice Lush ...93-101 11 ») ... . 69 -- 70 I. . )) . . .. > » 79, 80 1) 116 ) . ) ... 4. I..

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·THE PICTORIAL YEAR BOOK OF CELEBRITIES. UTF (l'rom a photograph by the London Stereoscopic Company, Regent Street. The Right Hon. G. J. SHAW LEFEVRE, M.P. CHIEF COMMISSIONER OF PUBLIC WORKS. The Right Hon. George John Shaw Lefevre is the son of Sir John George Shaw Lefevre, K.C.B., Clerk of the Parliaments, by Rachel Emily, daughter of Ichabod Wright, Esq., of Maperly Hall, Nottingham. The subject of our sketch was born in 1832, and was educated at Eton and at Trinity College, Cambridge, and was called to the Bar at the Middle Temple in 1856. He was one of the Deep-Sea Fisheries Commission, 1863-4, and Civil Lord of the Admiralty for a few weeks in 1866, under Earl Russell's administration; was Parliamentary Secre- · tary to the Board of Trade from December, 1868, till January, 1871; Under- Secretary to the Home Department from January till March, 1871, artd Secretary to the Admiralty from March, 1871, till February, 1874 ; reappointed Secretary to the Admiralty, April, 1880, and First Commissioner of Public Works in November of the same year. Mr. Shaw Lefevre unsuccessfully contested Winchester in 1859, and was first elected for Reading in October, 1864, which canstituency he still represents at Westminster. In 1874 Mr. Shaw Lefevre married Lady Constance Emily Moreton, daughter of the third Earl of Ducie.

·(From a photograph by J. Y. Hunter, Hawick. The Right Hon. G. O. TREVELYAN, M.P. PARLIAMENTARY SECRETARY TO THE ADMIRALTY. WHEN Mr. Shaw Lefevre vacated his post at the Admiralty to superintend the carrying out of public works, Mr. George Otto Trevelyan was, in November, 1880, offered and accepted the appointment of Parliamentary Secretary to the Admiralty. Mr. Trevelyan is the son of Sir Charies Edward Trevelyan, first baronet, K.C.B. He was born on July 20th, 183., and was educated at Harrow and at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A., second in tlre first class of Classical Tripos, 1661; M.A., 1864; and married, September 29th, 1869, Caroline, eldest daughter of Robert Needham Phillips, Esq., M:P., of Welcombe, Stratford-on-Avon, and the Park, Manchester ; was a Lord of this Admiralty, December, 1869, till June, 1870; is a D.L. of Northumberland, and author of " The Competition Wallah," "Cawnpore," "The Ladies in Parliament," The Liſe and Letters of Lord Macaulay," &c. Sat for Tynemouth from July, 1865, till November, 1868, when he was first elected for the Border Burghs. During the latter part of the past year (1881), we regret to say that Mr. Trevelyan has suffered from illness--the effects of overwork-arising, said the Cuckoo, "from his passionate devotion to literature, which he has not been able to forego, notwithstanding the heavy claim that his duties at the Admiralty,make upon him. It was a misfortune that the passion for the footlights of St. Stephen's drew away from literature so devoted and successful a disciple--a misfortune, it is to be feared, that can never be repaired.”, 16 ·w NNNNN (From a photograph by Messrs. Downey, Ebury Street, S.W.) The Right Hon. LORD CARINGTON. THE MOVER OF THE ADDRESS, IN REPLY TO THE QUEEN'S SPEECH, IN THE HOUSE OF LORDS. It is usual at the opening of Parliament for the junior Members of both Houses to move and second the Address in reply to the Queen's Speech, a task not always easy of accomplishment, from a variety of circumstances which are apt to fetter the speaker. In the first place there is to him the novelty of the situation, there is the knowledge that his fulfilment of the task will be compared with the way in which others have done it before him, and lastly, but by no means "leastly," there is the Speech itself, to sanalyse which, very often in the face of grave political complications, is a most extraordinary composition. When the second session of the tenth Parliament of her present Majesty was opened on the 6th of January last (an unusually early period), the duty of moving and seconding the Address in the House of Lords was entrusted to Lord Carington and the Earl of Yarborough, who acquitted themselves, we are informed,"creditably in speeches commendable for their brevity as well as their lucidity." Indeed, so pleasantly did they acquit themselves that, in replying, the late Lord Beaconsfield remarked that he wished that he could feel it to be his duty to treat the matters that were brought before the House that night in as pleasant a manner as they have been treated by the two noble lords who had just risen." We quate the more important remarks in Lord Carington's speech, as, looked at by the light of subsequent events, they are of considerable interest :-"We," said the noble lord, "still remained at Kandahar, but with no desire to continue 17 2 ·(From a photograph by Mayall, 224 Regent Street.) C The Right Hon. the EARL OF YARBOROUGH. THE SECONDER OF THE ADDRESS. 4 there longer than was necessary to secure the permanent peace of the country. But it must be remembered that the commercial high road from India to the sea, lies through Southern Afghanistan, and continues thence through the British Indian Province of Scinde to Karrachi. Such vast considerations were involved in our relations with India, and so great an ignorance existed of them in this country, that he would not presume to express an individual opinion on the momentous question whether Candahar was to be held or evacuated. There was one portion of the Queen's Speech which it was impossible to touch upon without experiencing feelings of pain, humiliation, and disappointment. He referred to that which dealt with the condition of Ireland. No one would pretend to say that there had not been landlords who had succeeded in maintaining happy relations with their tenants, and they could point with pride to the fact, that the foremost of them had been members of their Lordships' House ; but, however numerous, or distinguished, it was only too patent that they had been but the exceptions to the general rule. That true and proper relationship which was the only secure guarantee for the common welfare of both had existed with far too little frequency, and the legislature of this country had but rarely interposed to remedy the evil.” It is usual on these occasions for the speakers to be in uniform, and we may chronicle the fact for future generations that Lord Carington wore the red uniform of a major of the Bucks Militia, whilst the Earl of Yarborough was attired iņ the blue uniform of a lieutenant of the Ist Lincolnshire Light Horse Volunteers. 18 ·(From a photograph by Mr. J. Owen, Broad Street, Newton.) > Mr. STUART RENDEL, M.P. THE MOVER OF THE ADDRESS IN THE HOUSE OF COMMONS. It is time, however, that we said something of a more personal nature concerning these noblemen : The Right Hon. Charles Robert Carington, Baron Carington, is the third baron; he was born on the 16th of May, 1848, and educated at Eton and at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. 1863 ; in 1865 he entered the Royal Horse Guards, and retired as captain in 1878. In 1868 Lord Carington succeeded to the title on the death of his father; he was until recently captain of the Bucks Yeomanry Catalry; is a deputy-lieutenant and a magistrate for Bucks; sat as M.P. in the Liberal interest for Wycombe, 1865–8; was A.D.C. to the Prince of Wales in India, 1875-6. Lord Carington married in 1878 the Hon. Cecilia Margaret Harbord, daughter of the fifth Baron Suffield. THE Right Hon. Charles Alfred Worsley, Anderson-Pelham, fourth Earl of Yarborough, was born on the 11th of June, 1859, and is absolutely the youngest peer on the roll; and succeeded his father, the third earl, in March, 1875. He was educated at Eton and at Trinity College, Cambridge. He is a lieutenant in the 1st Lincolnshire Light Horse Volunteers. 79 2-2 ·(From a photograph by F. Baum, Victoria Street, Manchester.) Mr. JOHN SLAGG, M.P. THE SECONDER OF THE ADDRESS. In the House of Commons the Address was moved by Mr. Stuart Rendel, M.P. for Montgomeryshire; and seconded by Mr. John Slagg, M.P. for Manchester. MR. STUART RENDEL, M.P. for Montgomeryshire, is the third son of the late James Meadows Rendel, Esq., F.R.S., an eminent engineer. He was born on the 2nd of July, 1834; and was educated at Eton and at Oriel College, Oxford, where he graduated B.A., 1856, and M.A., 1859; and married, in 1857, Ellen, daughter of William Egerton Hubbard, Esq., of Leonardslee, near Horsham. Called to the Bar at the Inner Temple, 1861, but has never practised. Formerly a partner in Sir William Armstrong's engineering firm, and its managing partner in London. Was first elected for Montgomeryshire in the Liberal Interest at the General Election in April, 1880. MR. JOHN SLAGC, M.P. for Manchester, is the eldest son of the late John Slagg, Esq., J.P., of Manchester, by Jane, daughter of the late William Crighton, Esq. He was born in 1841, and married, 1866, Katharine Parker, daughter of Major James German, of Maywood, Sevenoaks. Is a merchant at Manchester, and Vice-President of the Manchester Chamber of Commerce. Elected for Manchester as a Liberal in April, 1880, when he polled the greatest number of Yotes recorded for any one candidate in the United Kingdom. 20 ·wiss The late M. AUGUSTE BLANQUI. Born at Nice, 1805. Died at Paris, January 1st, 1881. As all Paris was celebrating with customary light-heartedness the festival of Le Jour de l'An, there passed out of life a man who, for the past fifty years, has played an important part in French political history. We allude to M. Blanqui, the well-known revolutionist and communist. He had been ill for some time, and paralysis of the brain having supervened, he died on New Year's Day, at nine o'clock in the evening, after a short illness, at the house of one of his friends in the Boulevard des Italiens. A detailed biography of M. Blanqui would be nothing short of a history of every insurrection from which France has suffered even before the Revolution 21 ·THE PICTORIAL YEAR BOOK OF CELEBRITIES. of July. But there is this to be said for M. Blanqui, that he was perfectly honest and sincere, that his courage was indubitable, that his disinterestedness was unimpeachable ; but, at the same time, that he was, in the matter of politics, thoroughly insane. Louis Auguste Blanqui was a son of Jean Dominique Blanqui, a member of the Council of Five Hundred, and brother of Jérôme Adolphe Blanqui, the political economist, who died in 1854 He was born in 1805 at Nice, which city was at that period included in the Department of the Alpes Maritimes. Early initiated in the secret societies, he strongly imbibed the communistic and republican doctrines which he has made it the business of his life to assert. His first public appearance was after the elections of 1827 in Paris, when the royal troops fired upon the populate in order to quell a transient political disturbance, and Blanqui was among the wounded. In 1830, while yet a student of law, he took up arms on the popular side against the rule of Charles X., and for his bravery and spirit afterwards received the decoration of July. Under the Government of Louis Philippe he prosecuted a fervent contest, by means of pamphlets and articles in the Liberal papers, against the bourgeoisie or trading classes. A member of the club called La Société des Amis du Peuple, he became one of the most active propagators of the doctrines which led to the Revolution of 1848. A discourse pronounced before this society in 1835 directed the attention of the Government to him, when he was arrested. tried, and sentenced to one year's imprisonment and a fine of 200 francs. A few months later, being suspected of complicity with Fieschi, whº discharged the infernal machine at the King, he was again arrested, sent to prison for two years, and fined 300 francs. He was amnestied before the expiration of his term, although a return to Paris was interdicted. As soon as he was released he began the organization of an immense affiliated association, which, under the name of La Société des Saisons and Les Montagnards, renewed the anti-monarchical propagandism. The members of these societies were supposed to be 1,000,000 in number. With Barbés and others he attempted a revolution at Paris in May, 1839. It failed, and Blanqui was seized and condemned to death ; but again his punishment was commuted to perpetual imprisonment, at the instance of Victor Hugo, who niemorialized the King in poetry. The Revolution of February, 1848, frced him from his fetters, and he became a leader of the people. The insurrection of May 15th was organized by him, and, at the head of a large body of delegates, he marched to the hall of the National Assembly, to inaugurate, if possible, a more effective Government; but he was overpowered by the troops under Changarnier, placed once more under arrest, and, upon trial, remanded to prison for ten years. He was released in 1859, but was sentenced again to four years' imprisonment in January, 1862. He reappeared as one of the active spirits in the violent agitations in favour of the Red Republic, which culminated in the Paris Commune in 1871, after which he was sent into exile, and only returned to France under the Amnesty Decree issued by President Grévy on July 11th, 1880. The funeral of M. Blanqui took place on the 5th of January, and though the friends of the deceased tried to make political capital out of the event, it was a comparative failure as a demonstration, both as regards numbers and display. The son of M. Blanqui, who inherited a fortune of 300,000 francs from his uncle, and who allowed his father an annuity of 3,000 francs is living on a small property near Castle-Thierry. 22 ·The late Mr. MECHI. Born May 22nd, 1802. Died December 26th, 1880. MR. MECHI's name is well known in agricultural and commercial circles. Owing to a series of misfortunes he failed to meet his engagements early in the. year 1880, and this appears to have so preyed upon his mind as to have accelerated his death, which occurred on December 26th, 1880, at his residence, Tiptree Hall, Essex. John Joseph Mechi, son of Giacomo Mechi, a citizen of Bologna, was born in London, May 22nd, 1802, and was, at the age of sixteen, placed as a clerk in a mercantile house in the Newfoundland trade, where he remaincd eleven years. By his own exertions, he was enabled, about 1827, to set up on his own account as a cutler in a very small shop in Leadenhall Street ; and between 1830 and 1842 he realized a landsome fortune by the "Magic Razor Strop" which bears his name. In 1840, having attentively studied English farming, he resolved to attempt some improvements in agriculture, and accordingly bought a small farm of about 130 acres, at Tiptree Heath, one of the least productive districts in Essex. Here he resolved to try what he could effect by the system of deep drainage and by the application of steam power, and was ultimately successful. He was appointed to the shrievalty of London in July, 1856, and elected an alderman in the following year. About the same time he was presented with a handsome testimonial, of the value of £500, subscribed by noblemen and gentlemen interested in science and agriculture al home and abroad. Mr. Mechi was for some years a member of the Council of the Sotiety of Arts, and was a juror in the Department of Art and Science at the Great Exhibition of 1851, and at the Industrial Exhibition at Paris in 1855 and was the author of several works on agriculture, 23 ·The late Dr. MARSHAM, WARDEN OF MERTON COLLEGE, OXFORD. THE late Dr. ·Marsham, whose death occurred in December, 1880, fat the ripe age of ninety-four, was the only one among the Heads of Colleges at Oxford who was not a clergyman, and the eldest of them all. Dr. Robert Bullock-Marsham, Warden of Merton College, Oxford, was the eldest son of the late Hon, and Rev. Jacob Marsham, Canon of Windsor, by his marriage with Amelia Frances, only daughter and heiress of Mr. Joseph Bullock, of Caversfield. He was born in June, 1786. He was educated at Eton and at Christ Church, Oxford, where he took his Bachelor's degree in 1807. In 1811 he was elected to a Fellowship at Merton College. In 1826 he was chosen to fill the Wardenship-a post to which, even half a century ago, laymen were eligible. He was. the senior head of a house at Oxford. Dr. Marsham was a magistrate and Deputy-Lieutenant for Oxfordshire. He was called to the Bar, and became a Recorder of Rochester, and was at one time one of the Charity Commissioners. He was elected Fellow in 1811, and Warden in 1826, sycceeding Dr. Vaughan, formerly Dean of Chester. In 1854 he was put up by the Conservative party in Convocation with Sir William Heathcote to contest Mr. Gladstone's seat, but was unsuccessful. He continued to assist in college business till the University term previous to his death. He married, in 1828, Jessie, daughter of the late General David Dewar, of Giſston House, Fifeshire, and widow of Sir ļokn C. Antstruther. 24 ·(From a sketch photographed by the London Stereoscopic Company, Regent Street The late Mrs. CROSS (GEORGE ELIOT.) Born November 22nd, 1820. Died December 22nd, 1880. . At the age . THE late Mrs. Cross, more generally known by her non de plume of “George Eliot,” was the daughter of Robert Evans, a land agent. Mary Ann Evans was born at Arbury, near Nuneaton, in Warwickshire, on the 22nd of November, 1820. Her education was mainly self-acquired. For a short time-before she was ten years old-she was at school at Nuneaton, afterwards at Coventry. of sixteen she lost her mother, and after this loss, and the marriage of her brothers and sisters, she lived alone with her father, and in 1841 they removed to Foleshill, near Coventry. The mind of the young girl had been somewhat tossed about i by religious doubts and the outward forms of worship, which latter she ultimately threw aside as trammelling the soul's communings with God. These doubts and communings resulted in her giving to the world, anonymously, in 1846, a trans lation of Strauss's" Leben Jesu." This was followed by a translation of Feuerbach's "Essence of Christianity," and a translation, yet unpublished, of Spinoza's « Ethics.” Her father died in 1849, and after his death she went to reside #broad, and stayed some eight months at Geneva. In 1850 she returned to England and in the following year became sub-editor of the Westminster Review, and was by this means brought into still closer contact with the group of advanced thinkers, among whom Mr. John Stuart Mill and Mr. Herbert Spencer were the principal lights. Here also she met Mr. George Lewes, an incident thus alluded to by the writer of the memoir which appeared in the Century Magasine:- “This course of placid self-culture was interrupted by personal events which 25 ·THE PICTORIAL YEAR BOOK OF CELEBRITIES. C increased the perplexity, deepened the significance of life. A long tragedy unrolled itself before her ; her piety, affection, gratitude, were subjected to a strong appeal; a path was chosen over which, amidst much of happiness, certain shadow hung. It is enough to say here that if ever her intimate history is made more fully known to the world, it will be found to contain nothing at variance th her own unselfish teaching; no postponement of principle to passion ; no personal happiness based upon others' pain." We are then informed that in 1854 Mr. and Mrs. Lewes went to Germany, and spent a year mainly at Weimar and Berlin. In 189 a work of fiction from her hand, the well-known "Scenes from Clerical Life," appeared in the pages of Blackwood's Magasine. The merit of these stories, to which was appended the signature of “George Eliot," was immediately recognized. The way being thus prepared, “Adam Bede," which was published in 1859, was hailed as one of the most marked successes of pictorial literature within the experience of the then present generation. It was Felt at once that a great addition had been made to English literature, and that a third writer of fiction of the first class had come to join the two-Dickens and Thackeray. The “Mill on the Floss” followed during the next year (1860), to be succeeded in its turn by "Silas Marner" in 1861. In 1863 the story of “Romola," which had previously appeared in the Cornhill Magazine, was published. This work, it has been observed, "emphasized the fact which had previously been evident, that the newer novelist was most powerful in work inspired by meditation and learning ratller than by observation." In 1866 the story of “Felix Holt the Radical," appeared, and was followed by “ The Spanish Gipsy" and “Agatha," published a year later. These were followed by “Middlemarch," one of her most successful works,“ Daniel Deronda," which appeared in 1876, and her last work," Impressions of Theophrastus Such." About eighteen months after the death of Mr. George Henry Lewes, and about seven months before her own death, she contracted a marriage with Mr. Cross, "and then," says one of her biographers, “beyond expectation, it came about that fate reserved for her yet seven months of a new happiness; and she reached unawares the term of earthly life in the midst of unslackening intellectual activities of ever-deepening loves." “Her fame,” remarks a writer in the Academy, “will be rhat of a novelist, and of the novelist who entered most profoundly into the problems of the day as they present themselves to the best and most unfettered intelligence of our time." The funeral of Mrs. Cross took place on Wednesday, the 29th of December, 1880, in Highgate Cemetery. It was attended by a large number of gentlemen distinguished in literature, science and other arts, and some of political and "social distinction. The funeral service was performed by the Rev. Dr. Sadler, Unitarian Minister, of Hampstead. The grave chosen for her interment was near the tomb of the late Mr. G. H. Lewes. There was an inscription on the coffin, recording the dates of her birth and death, Nov. 22, 1820, and Dec. 22, 1880, with a line and a half from Dante- Quella fonte, Che spande di parlar si largo fiume. The brain of Mary Ann Cross was, indeed, a “fountain that sheds a broad river of discourse." 26 ·From a photograph by the London Stereoscopic Company, Regent Street.), The late Mr. ALFRED ELMORE, R.A. Born June 18th, 1815. Died January 24th, 1881. AFTER a long and painful illness this artist died, in the sixty-sixth yeaf of his age, on the 24th of January, 1881. Mr. Elmore was born at Clonakilty, county Cork, on June 18th, 1815; he was the son of a retired surgeon of the 5th Dragoon Guards. When about twelve years of age young Elmore began his career by drawing from the antique in the British Museum. In 1832 he was admitted a student in the Royal Academy. In 1834 he contributed to the exhibition of that body a picture entitled "A Subject from an Old Play" (No. 146). After this he continued his studies in the Life School at Somerset House and in Paris. His second picture shown in London was at the British Institution in 1837, being “Christ Crowned with Thorns.” After studying at Munich for some time, Mr. Elmore visited Venice, Bologna, Florence, and ultimately Rome, in every way endeavouring to improve himself in art. 1844 is the turning date of Elmore's career, for it was then that his animated and attractive "Rienzi in the Forum" was shown at the Academy. With this picture was shown the artists only landscape, entitled "An Italian Cornfield." “Rienzi in the Forum" ensured the A R.A.-ship for its author in the January He was elected an R.A. in 1857, "A Scene from the Two Gentleman of Verona," painted in 1858, being the painter's diploma work. In 1860 appeared what, on the whole, is considered his best work, the vigorous and wellpainted "Marie Antoinette facing the Mob at the Tuileries," since which date. "he was a constant exhibitor at Burlington House. 27 of next year.

·(From a photograph by Mr. Bassano, Bond Street.) The late Captain JAMES MAC SWINEY. Born 1854. Died January, 1881. O The history of the struggle with the Boers is written in the blood of some of our best and bravest soldiers. The story of the attack on the convoy may be told in a very few words. A detachment of the 94th Regiment, numbering about 250 men, were escorting a train of thirty-four waggons containing stores from Leydenburg to Prætoria, and whilst endeavouring to extricate the waggons from a swamp the Boers made their attack. The troops, in order the better to assist the drivers of the waggons, had temporarily laid aside their arms, when a peremptory summons reached them from the Boers, who made a sudden appearance, demanding their surrender. The soldiers rushed to their arms but it was too late, and before they were in a position to make any defence, they were shot down by their assailants. Among those who were mortally wounded was Captain James Mac Swiney, who died very shortly afterwards. He was born in 1854, and was educated at Harrow and Cambridge, entering the army as lieutenant, in November, 1875, from the 2nd Middlesex Militia. He obtained a firstclass certificate at the School of Musketry, Hythe, and was appointed Instructor of Musketry to his regiment in 1878. He served all through the Zulu War, and was present at Ulúndi. He afterwards served in the campaign against Sekukuni, and obtained his captaincy on December 16t last year. He was a gallant and promising yourfg officer, and his loss has been deplored not only by his regiment, .but by a large circle of friends, whose esteem he had won by his kindly disposition. - 28 ·(From a photograph by the London Stereoscopic Company, Regent Street.) The late Right. Hon. LORD CAMOYS. Born October, 1797. Died January 18th, 1881. This nobleman, who died at his seat, Stonor Park, Henley-on-Thames, on the 18th of January, was the third baron, and was restored to his ancestral honours in 1839, the barony having been in abeyance from 1433. The creation of the barony of Camoys in the peerage of England dates back to the year 1384. Thomas Stonor, Baron Camoys, was born on the 27th of October, 1797, and was the son of Thomas Stonor, Esq., of Stonor, Oxon. He was M.P. for Oxford, 1832-3, and was Lord-in-Waiting to her Majesty the Queen on four separate occasions- .namely, from 1846 to 1852, 1853–8, 1859–66, and 1868-74. He was a magistrate and deputy-lieutenant for Oxfordshire (High Sheriff, 1836), and married in 1821 Frances, daughter of Peregrine Edward Towneley, Esq., of Towneley Hall, Lancashire, by whom he leaves issue one son and seven daughters living. Francis Robert, the present peer, is the grandson of the subject of our sketch, and was born in 1856; his father, the Hon. Francis Stonor, died in London on the 10th of January. The second Baron Camoys was Hugh de Camoys, who succeeded his grandfather, 1422, and died unmarried in 1433, when the barony fell in abayance. 29 ·THE PICTORIAL YEAR BOOK OF CELEBRITIES. 66 The late THOMAS CARLYLE. IT was with feelings of the deepest sorrow that the world of literature and thought heard the news of the death of Thomas Carlyle, who, as a German contemporary says, was a literary giant towering like an oak above the underwood." This famous historian and essayist had been lying for some weeks in a state of great prostration and weakness at his house in Cheyne Row, Chelsea, but it was not unti) a few days before his death that fears were entertained thật his end was drawing near ; however, so it was, and about half-past eight on Saturday morning, February 5th, and in the presence of his relatives, the greatest thinker of the present century breathed his last. Thomas Carlyle was born within half a mile of the little village of Ecclefechan, Dumfriesshire, on December 4th, 1795. After attending the parish school for several years, Thomas Carlyle was sent to the grammar school at Annan, and it was in this town that the young student first made the acquaintance of Edward Irving. It was the earnest desire of the parents of Carlyle that he should enter the Church, and in furtherance of that idea, at the age of fourteen he entered the University of Edinburgh, where he remained till he was about one-and-twenty, He, however, quitted the university, with changed views as to the career best suited to his idiosyncrasies, and, after teaching mathematics in a school in Fifeshire for about two years, he defermined to devote himself to literature, and commenced his literary career by contributing in 1823 some trifling papers to the “Edinburgh Encyclopædia" and other periodicals. In the same year he published his translation of Goethe's "Wilhelm Meister," and began his “Life of Schiller," which latter was contributed to the pages of the London Magazine. At that time there were many noted writers engaged on its staff, and among them Charles Lamb, Hazlitt, Thomas Hood, Allan Cunningham, and De Quincey. The second and third parts of the well-known biography were published during the year that followed its first appearance, and, not long after, it was brought out, revised and enlarged, in book form. In 1827 Carlyle married a Miss Welsh. This amiable and highly intelligent lady had considerable literary judgment; indeed, the late Charles Dickens held her in high esteem for her critical faculty; and for some time after this event Carlyle resided with his wife in Dumfriesshire on a small estate belonging to the lady. We may here state that Mrs. Carlyle's death, which occurred about fourteen years since, was owing to a nervous shock received in witnessing an accident in Hyde Park, and occasioned the greatest grief to her affectionate husband. The remains of Mrs. Carlyle lie in Haddington Cathedral, and on her tomb wcCarlyle has had inscribed the following significant words :-"In her bright existence she had more sorrows than are common,.but also a soft invincibility, a capacity of discernment, and a noble loyalty of heart which was rare. For forty years she was the true and loving helpmate of her husband, and by act and word unweariedly forwarded him as none else could in all of worth that he did or attempted. She died in London, April 21st, 1866, suddenly snatched away from him, and the light of his life was then as if gone out.” Carlyle's only other translation from the German was a work entitled “Specimens of German Romance," which does not appear to have made much impreysion at the time, and has never, we believe, been republished in a separate form, In 1827 he contributed a paper on Jean Paul Richter to the Edinburgh Review.

·M
(From a photograph by Charles Watkins, lorriano Aveauc, N.W.)
THE LATE THOMAS CARLYLE.
Born at Ecclefechan, December 4th, 1795. Died at Chelsea, February 5th, 1881,
31

·THE PICTORIAL YEAR BOOK OF CELEBRITIES. .. This was the first of that series of splendid biographic essays with which he enriched the pages of that renowned magazine. 'Between 1830 and 1833 he was engaged upon his "Sartor Resartus," which first appeared in Fraser's Magazine in the latter year. Shortly after the publication of this work Carlyle came to London, and about the year 1834 he went to live at Chelsea. In 1837 Carlyle, as the outcome of his further studies, delivered six lectures on German literature. This was followed by a second series on "The History of Literature; or, the Successive Periods of European Culture." H¢ again lectured in 1839. This course was called “The Revolutions of Modern Europe," and in the following year he brought his appearances on the platform to an end by his famous "Heroes, Hero-Worship, and the Heroic in History." From that period he determined to give his thoughts to the world only through the agency of his pen. In 1837, "The French Revolution : a History;" by Thomas Carlyle, was published. In 1843 his “ Past and Present," a por erfully written contrast between life in the Middle Ages and that in the present day, was published. This was followed at intervals by "Oliver Cromwell's Letters and Speeches," and by"Latter-Day Pamphlets," a work suggested by the French Revolution of 1848. Some time after the appearance of these works, he wrote « The Life of John Stirling." Between 1860 and 1864 Carlyle's "Life of Frederick the Great," in six volumes, was issued from the press. “The Early Kings of Norway," supplemented by an "Essay on the Portrait of John Knox," was given to the world as late as 1875. Some years ago Mr. Carlyle was elected Lord Rector of the University of Edinburgh, and in 1857 he was appointed trustee of the National Portrait Gallery, and in 1870 became President of the London Library on the death of Lord Clarendon. In 1873 the Chapter of the Civil Class of the Prussian Royal Order" For Merit” was presented to Mr. Carlyle, and in 1875 he declined the Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath. A contemporary, speaking of this great writer, says—" Carlyle's work had been done, the work of a manful and heroic life. His day of toil had long come to an end, and he, who had defied so much, seemed to be looking old Time itself in the face with a half-humorous defiance. He had lived a noble and heroic life, of indomitable industry, of great thoughts, of integrity, simplicity, and truthfulness without flaw or tarnish. He had, from the first, put resolutely away from him all the glittering bribes with which the world tempts a man to be untrue to himself and to such light as dwells in him.ar Milton himself did not more admirably illustrate his own saying that he who would write heroic poems must make his whole life heroic. From hisi first coming from his lonely Scotch life into the midst of the turmoil, the.. distraction, the destructive vulgarities of a capital, he never flinched nor left what he himself called the quiet paths where alone it is well with us." No man of letters ever conceived a loftier notion of his calling, nor followed it with sterner self-respect. How infinitely the world is the gainer everybody may know who has thought of Carlyle's influence. Simple in the ordering of his daily life, always trying to acquire fresh knowledge, infinitely kind under his sometimes rough demeanour, fond of intellectual society, but by no means superior to the charms of ordinary talk, the deceased sage was as worthy of admiration for his personal qualities as for the writings which have made bis honoured name known to the very ends of the earth." 32 ·THE PICTORIAL YEAR BOOK OF CELEBRITIES. The late Emperor of Russia-ALEXANDER II. The news of the terrible death of Alexander II., Emperor of Russia, on March 13th, 1881, sent a thrill through the whole of the civilized world. It will be remembered that on the morning in question the Emperor, accompanied by his brother, the Grand Duke Michael, left the Winter Palace for church. After the service the Emperor, accompanied by the Grand Duke, proceeded to review a number of troops on what is called Michael's Manége. The Imperial party then entered the carriage in which they had driven to the church, and at once proceeded en route to the Winter Palace; but the vehicle had not proceeded more than a mile when a bomb was thrown underneath it and simultaneously exploded. The carriage was partially shattered, and was at once stopped and the Emperor alighted to ascertain, if possible, the cause of the explosion. His Imperial Majesty, on looking round to endeavour to discover the source from which the missile had been thrown, was attacked on the other side by a second bonb, which exploded directly beneath him. On being picked up by the guards in attendance, it was found that both his legs, from the thighs, had been completely shattered. His Majesty became unconscious, and was conveyed to the Winter Palace on the sleigh of the Chief of Police in attendance. Arrived there, he was taken to his bed-room. Doctors Krugelewski and Marcus were immediately in attendance, and undressed the unconscious Emperor, whose wounds were horrible to look upon. The right leg was crushed as far as the upper part of the thigh, the left as far as the knee while the abdomen was torn open so that the bowels protruded, and even the face itself and one of the eyes were mutilated. All preparations were made for amputation of both legs, and the surgeons tried to get the blood to flow to the heart until the palpitation became louder and the breath deeper. The Czar opened leis eyes, and at that moment the priest who was present offered the sacrament. They were just going to begin to remove the shattered legs when both breath and palpitation became feebler and yet more feeble, and at last both discontinued altogether at a quarter to four o'clock, and all was over. Alexander II. was born April 17th (Old Stylc), 1818, and was consequently thirty-seven years of age when he came into the heritage of a distracted and unhappy empire, on the verge of the most extraordinary social revolution of modern times. He was born in the reign of his uncle, Alexander I., who died at Taganrog in the year 1825 Constantine, Alexander's brother, on his marriage with the Countess Groudinska, having solemnly abjured his rights to the succession, Paul's third son, Nicholas, the late Emperor's father, was secretly appointed heir. Nevertheless, on the death of Alexander, Nicholas swore fealty to Constantine; but that prince, remembering his compact, stepped aside, and, in repeated and formal declarations, renounced his claim. In spite of the revolutionary party and the members of the secret societies, which then, as low, swarmed in Russia, Nicholas conquered all his enemies, and at length became firmly seated on the throne. This, however, he did not succeed in accomplishing without the spilling of a veritable ocean of blood, and the Dekabrists," as they were called, and their successors, the assassins of to-day, never forgot that awful work. The intention of the plotters was to destroy the Intperial family ropt and branch, and though their conspiracy failed, at undoubtedly acted both 33 3.

·THE PICTORIAL YEAR BOOK OF CELEBRITIES. gave up his . on the latent fears and on the generosity of the young Prince Alexander, at that time a lad of seven. The first years of Alexander's life were passed under the gentle and kindly influences of his mother, daughter of the third Frederick of Prussia ; but from the moment of his father's accession the whole tenour of his education became altered. He was at once subjected to the stern discipline of a soldier's life. But in those early years he had no taste for the inilitary life, and emancipated himself from the subjection thus imposed upon him at the earliest possiblc opportunity: Not that he was without personal courage, or that he lacked some touch of the quality becoming in a soldier. The moment it became possible for him to do so, he turned his back upon his military instructors, and mind to civil studies and more peaceful and elegant accomplishments, and to the society of the ladies of his illustrious mother's Court and family. On April 21st, 1841, Alexander married Wilhelmina Augusta Sophia Marin, daughter of Louis, the second Duke of Hesse, who died on June 3rd last year. A short tiine before his death he had privately married the Princess Dofgarouka, with whom he had long lived on intimate terms, and who survives him. During the last months of the late Ernperor Nicholas's life he never lost sight of the possible calamities which might accrue to his dynasty through the ill-will between Constantine and Alexander; and even on his death-bed, wlule dictating to the latter instructions for the future government of the empire, he extracted from thein a sacred pledge of mutual amity and forbearance. Constantinc promised fealty, and Alexander took upon himself the cares and duties of his coming office. Alexander 11. having been proclaimed Emperor and Autocrat of all the Russias, and having received the homage of those immediately about his person, summoned a council, at which it was agreed to prosecute the war (then raging) if possible with redoubled energy. General Rudiger was summoned from Warsaw, and the new Emperor transferred to him his own commission as Cominander of the Imperial Guards. He likewise announced, in terms both general and particular, that he adhered to the declarations of Prince Gortchakoff made on behalf of the Emperor Nicholas. What came of that declaration is matter of familiar history. On March 2nd, 1861, the Emperor Alexander, fulfilling the cherished hope of his early manhoord, by the simple but irresistiblc force of his Imperial ukasc performed the noblest act of his chequered and miserable life, and emancipated the twenty-three million serfs of his empire. And three years later, with the view to weaken the dangerous influence of the Polish nobility, the sainc boon was conferred on the serfs of Poland. Alexander, II, was a staunch friend fi education and of culture ; and so far did his tendencies in favour of constitutional liberty carry him that he instituted the first elective Assembly of the empire in 1865. He introduced a regular military conscription somewhat after the French model, and with the armies so raised conquered the Ameer of Bokhara, the Khan of Khiva, and, more than all, the Sultan of Turkey. In 1867 the Emperor Alexander sold the territory of Russian America to the Government of the United States for the sum of £1,400,000. His visits to the Emperors of Germany and Austria and to this country will be fresh in the recollection of the public. Noi must the near alliance between the Emperor's daughter Marie Alexandrovna and the Duke of Edinburgh be forgotten. 34 7 ·(From a photograph by Charles Wallins, 1 Torino Avenue,, Camden Road ) Mr. ANDREW C. GOW, A.R.A. in This gentleman, who was elected Associate of the Royal Academy in January 1881, has for several years been recognized as one of the coming men artistic circles. His pictures have always been characterized by the vigour of their conception and the conscientious fidelity of their execution. Mr. Gow was born on January 15th, 1848, in London, of Scotch parents, and in due course began his artistic studies at Heatherley's School. he made his appearance before the public as a water-colour artist, and such was his success that in January, 1868, he was elected a Member of the Institute of Painters in Water- Colours-no mean tribute to the powers of a young man not twenty years of age. During the two years following he contented himself with exhibiting nater-colours only ; but, not content with this medium, he worked hard at oil painting, and, as a result, exhibited his first picture in oil at the Academy in 1870. This was called “A Suspicious Guest," and cxcited favourable comment. In the year following “Captain 'Bobadil was accepted by the magnates of Burlington House. Between this year and 1877 he only exhibited two pictures-- "Introduction of Lady Mary Wortley to the Kit-Kat Club" and "Mrs. Soply Baddeley at the Pantheon," both of which marked the upward progress of the young artist. In 1877" The Relief of Leyden ” was exhibited ; in 1878 “A War Despatch at the Hotel de Ville" and " News from the Front"; in 1879, "No Surrender” and “A Musical Story of Chopin." "The Last Days of Edward VI." appeared in 1880, and “Montrose at Kilsyth” in 1881, which latter evoked favourable comment. 35 " 3-2 ·(Froin a photograph by Charles Watkins, 1 Torriano Avenue, Camden Road.) Mr. FRANK DICKSEE, A.R.A. MR. FRANK DICKSEE is another young artist who has made a favourable impression upon the public mind by dint of the power of his genius and the cacellence of his work. Mr. Dicksee has also had the advantage of his father's experience to direct him, and he bids fair to continue the reputation which his father, Mr. T. F. Dicksee, has already won. The cubject of our present sketch was born in 1854, and at the age of seventeen entered the Royal Academy schools, where he obtained the silver medal for drawirg from the antique, and in due course secured the gold medal in the historical competition, the subject being "Elijah confronting Ahab and Jezebel in Naboth's Vineyard," an exceedingly powerful composition. This picture was exhibited in 1876. This was followed, in 1877, by the exquisitely beautiful "Harmony," which has since been engraved; but, although the engraver has very carefully given us a transcript of the work, it was impossible to convey in black and white the soft yet rich harmonious tones of the colouring which this picture contained. In 1879 Mr. Dicksee exhibited a rather large picture containing many figures, the subject being taken from Longfellow's "Evangeline.” In 1380 Mr: Dicksee contributed two pictures to the exhibition at Burlington House, one called “The House-builders' Portraits of Sir W. E. and the Hon. Lady Welby-Gregory" and a small female head, “Benedicta." Mr. Dicksee contributed a painting of a female heaçi, indicative of Beauty, to the Graphic Gallery. In 1881 Mr. Diçksee exhibited at Burlington House “The Monks' Walk" and " The Symbol: Is it nothing to you, all ye that pass by ?" C 36 ·17 (From a photograph by Charles Watkins, i forriano Avenue, Camden Road.) Mr. HAMO THORNYCROFT, A.R.A. Tiis gentleman has won his way to faine with thic sculptor's chiseland mallet. Belonging to a family of sculptors, le bids fair to rival the reputation which that family have already secured. Mr. Hamo Thornycroft was born on the 9th March, 1850, in London. His grandfather, Mr. John Francis, was a sculptor of considerable repute, and a pupil of Chantrey. Mr. Thornycroft's father was the son of a wealthy farmer in Cheshire ; he came to London and entered Mr. Francis's studio as a sculptor, whose daughter, also a sculptor, he afterwards married. Mary Thornycroft's reputation as a true artist is, of course, too well known for comment here. The .subject of this brief memoir spent his childhood with his uncle, in Cheshire, living rather a solitary but happy life, having a great love for nature and field sports. Until the age of twelve he went to the grammar school at Macclesfield, • and at that age came up to London, and was a pupil at University College School, and afterwards in the college. In 1868 he made drawings at the British Museum which obtained his entrance to the schools of the Academy, where he subsequently took four silver medals and the great prize of the Academy for sculpture--the gold medal and £50 scholarship in 1875. In 1871 he visited the galleries of Italy, and returned in the autumn of that year to assist his father in executing some large public works —“The Poets' Fouhtain” in Park Lane, and the equestrian statue of Lord Mayo for Calcutta. 37 ·THE PICTORIAL YEAR BOOK OF CELEBRITIES. The following account of the Park Lane fountain (the most important piece of street sculpture that has yet been erected in London) may not be considered out of place. Some time before her death, Mrs. M. M. Brown, of Hertford Street, commissioned Mr. Thornycroft to design this fountain ; and the site itself, the junction of Park Lane and Hamilton Place-probably suggested to the sculptor the notion of making a three-fronted composition. On the triple-shafted pedestal, which has a foliated cap of grey Mansfield stone, stand the three grant fatheis of English poetry-Chaucer, the "morning star" of literature, as old Denham called him; Shakespeare, the myriad-minded ;” and Milton in his Puritan garb, with face upturned and "sightless eyes quenched by a drop serenc." Each of these statues is eight feet in height, and is executed in hard white marble. Surrounding the base of the pedestal are seated statues of the Muses, Tragerly, Comedy, and History, which are executed in bronze in order to keep then subservient to the principal group. Immediately below each of the poets is a tazza, from which flows a streainlet of water into a basın of polished granite twenty fect in diameter, embracing and fencing the whole work. The entire composition is crowned by a winged figure of Fame in gilded bronze, this being supported on a slender column which rises through the centre of the group. The first work which Mr. Hamo Thornycroft exhibited at the Academy was a marble bust of Professor Sharpey, now in the museum at University College, London; andosince 1873 he has always been represented at the Burlington House galleries. "A Warrior.carrying a Wounded Youth," exhibited in 1876, attracted considerable attention, and so excellent was the conception and cxecution that the Art Union of London secured the copyright. In 1878 was exhibited the marble statue of “Lot's Wife”; in 1879, a marble group, entitled “Stepping- Stones, a commission from Mr. David Wallace, of Glassingall; and in 1880, the statue of “ Artemis," which he has since been coinmissioned by the Duke of Westminster to execute in maible for Eaton Hall. Mr. Hanno Thornycrott sustained his high reputation at the last exhibition of the Royal Academy by his full-sized statue of the Homeric bowman, Teucer, who has just let fly an arrow at Hector. Speaking of this performance, the Academy said, "While escaping the straight line which would be caused by the arrow in position, he retains to a reat extent the tension which is prolonged by expectation as to the result of the shot. The effect is remarkable; the balance between past and future, the inomentary rest between exertion and relaxation, is rendered in the happiest manner; and, with the aid of the curved lines of the bow, the composition, from whatever point of view it is seen, is graceful as well as strong.” Mr. Thornycroft also exhibited a lifelike bust of Professor Owen, in which both the intellcctual power and the large kindliness of the great man re eived full justice. Mr. Thornycroft lias thus won his way to fame by steady, persistent, and good honest work. His sculptured groups have, moreover, the touch of the true artist, and, though young in years, he is experienced in art, and will, no doubt, greatly help to restore the fame of English sculpture.

·(Iron a phology alig the London Lorcoghi pi l om't', Rrgent Struci.) General Sir EVELYN WOOD, K.C.B. THE records of the Buer Campaign are not all gloomy; the one bright glean, through all the darkness of blundering timidity at home and defeat and incap.lcity at the seat of war is afforded by the conduct of General Sır Evelyn Wood. Sent out with the reinforcements after the diastrous attack upon Laing's Nck, he hurried to the front, and when the chief command of the troops fell upon him by the unfortunate death of General Colley, he conducted operations with so much success as to have victory within his grasp, when orders reached him from the Home Government that he was to make peace with the rebels, no welcome order at any time, but particularly distasteful in the present instance ; 39 ·THE PICTORIAL YEAR BOOK OF CELEBRITIES. but a good soldier should know how to obey, and in this General Wood showed he had learned a soldier's duty. He conducted the peace negotiations with considerable tact, and brought them to a comparatively successful issue, carrying out the commands received from the Colonial Office with the greatest fidelity and discretion. The regard the Colonists entertained for General Wood is evinced by the fact that it was the general wish that he should be appointed Governor of Natal, a post, however, he was not anxious to accept. GENERAL SIR EVELYN WOND, V.C., K.C.B. This distinguished soldier was formerly in the Royal Navy, which he entered in 1852. During the Crimean War he served in the Naval Brigade as aide-decamp to Captain Sir W. Peel, and was severely wounded while carrying scalingladders for the unsuccessful attack on the Redan on June 18th, 1855. He received the Crimean medal with two clasps, the Fifth Class of the Medjidie, the'Turkish medal, and was made a knight of the French Legion of Honour. After this he cntered the army, served with distinction in the Indian Campaign of 1858, and obtained a medal, and was subsequently employed to put down the rebels in the Seronge Jungle, and with such success that he earned the thanks of the Indian Government, and was awarded the Victoria Cross. In 1873 he served with Sir Garnet Wolseley in the Ashantee Campaign, for which he organized a native force. He was in command of the right column at the battle of Amoaful, and took part in the capture of Coomassie, and for these services he received the Ashantce medal with a clasp, and the brevet rank of Colonel, and the Companionship of the Bath. His brilliant leadership of the flying column in Zululand, and the judgment with which he worked his transport cattle, and the speed with which in consequence he covered long distances, and yet always managed to arrive with untired oxen, are matters which need not be dwelt upon. General Wood, on the 22n-1 of February, returned to Maritzburg in order to make final arrangements for the advance of the reinforcements as they should arrive froin England ; and on the 26th of February General Colley determined to turn the Boer position at Laing's Nek by occupying the Majuba Hill, which immediately overlooked the Boer camp; and on the evening of the 26th of February, Sir G. P. Colley, with staff consisting of Lieut.-Colonel Stewart, A.M.S., and Major Fraser, R.L., proceeded with twenty officers and 627 men 58th Regiment, 3rd Battalion both, 92nd, and Naval Brigade, to occupy the Majuba Mountain. Early in the morning, however, the Brers discovered what had been done, and commenced an attack upon the position occupied by the English der tachment, and after some determined fighting and heavy losses on both sides, our men were completely overmatched and were thoroughly routed, the slaughter being awful, Sir George Colley being ainong the killed. • THE LATE MAJOR-GENERAL SIR G. P. COLLEY, K.C.S.I., C.B., Governor and Commander-in-Chief of Natal, and High Commisioner of South- Eastern Africa, was the youngest son of the late Hon. George Francis Colley (formerly Pomeroy), of Ferney, co. Dublin, by his union with Frances, third daughter of the late Very Rev. Thomas Trench, Dean of Kildare, and grandson, by his father's side, of the fourth Viscount Harberton. He was born on November ist, 1835, and entered the army as an ensign in the 2nd (Queen's Royals) Regiment on May 28th, 1852, receiving his lieutenant's commission on August 40 ·(From a photograph by Messi's. Maull and l'ox 1874 Piccadilly:) The late Major-General Sir G. P. COLLEY, K.C.S.L. Inth, 1854, and that of captain on June 12th, 1860. He had before this latter event seen much service. Thus he was eni ployed on special service on the Cape frontier in 1858-9 and, 1861, in the occupation of Kreli's territory and the defeat and death of Tola, being twice thanked by the Government, and receiving the brevet rank of Major (March 6th, 1863). He had also served throughout the China War of 1860, including the taking of the Taku torts, the actions of the 12th and 14th August, the 18th and 21st September, and the advance on Pekin, for which he received the medal with two clasps. Passing the Staff College in 1862, he was appointed Brigade-Major of the Western District on July 1st, 1864, which 41 ·THE PICTORIAL YEAR BOOK OF CELEBRITIES. appointment he filled till June 30th, 1866, but did not hold another Staff appointment until August ist, 1870, when he was appointed aide-de-camp to the general officer commanding the Southern District. He continued so engaged until May 31st, 1871, when, after being without appointment for a month, he was nominated on July ist one of the professors of the Staff College, where he reremained till November 30th, 1873, when he was appointed to command the transport in the Ashantee Expedition. With this expedition he served from December 17th until the close of the operations, in command of the line of communications as well as of the transport, and was present at the battle of Amoaful, the defence of the posts of Quarman and Fominanah, the battle of Oldahou, and the capture of Coomassie. For his distinguished services on this occasion, which were several times brought to the notice of the authoritics in the despatches of the Commander-iro-Chief, he received the brevet rank of Colonel, bearing date April 1st, 1874, the Companionship of the Bath (Military Division) and the medal with clasp. When at the commencement of the following year Sir Garnet Wolseley was dispatched to Natal to administer the Government of that colony, and to advise upon several important points connected with the management of native affairs, and the best form of defensive arganization, he selected the deceased officer as his private secretary, which office he held ull Sir Garnet's return in the month of September being shortly after his return to England appointed Assistant Adjutant and Quartermaster-General at Aldershot. He did not remain in this post, however--indeed, only two months, from January ist to February 29th when he was selected to go out to India as Military Secretary to Lord Lytton, the Viceroy of India (April 13th, 1876). In this important position he remained exactly two years, with credit to his own reputation and satisfaction to the Indian authorities, when he was transferred to the office of Private Secretary. Tbis post he nominally filled until February 19th, 1880, though from the oth of July in the preceding year until the 7th of October following he was Chief of the Staff lo Sir Garnet Wolseley, in South Africa, with the local rank of Brigadier-General, with which rank he took part in the concluding operations of the Zulu War. Made a Commander of the older of St Micharl and St. George in 1878, and a knight Commander of the Star of India in 1879. Sir George Colley was, on April 24th, 1880, appointed Governor and Cominander-in-Chief in Natal and High Commissioner for South-East Atrica, with the local rank of Major-General, with his head-quarters at Pieterinaritzburg ; but almost immediately after the breaking out of the disturbance in the Transvaal he started from Newcastle (without awaiting the reinforcements he expected from England) to relieve Colonel Bellair at Portchefstroom, and the other beleagured garrison at Pretoria. His small column was, however, repuls. d while attempting to force the Drakensburg range at Laing's Nek, and again a few days later at Mount Prospect, near the river Ingogo, while escorting a convoy froin the camp to Newcastle. Sir George Collcy married, in 1878, Miss Edith Althea Hamilton, daughter of Major-General'Henry Meade Hamilton, C.B., Assistant Quartermaster-Gencral in the Crimea.

·H.I.M. ALEXANDER III. of RUSSIA. The Grand Duke Alexander Alexandrovich, who succeeded to Imperial rule in the Muscovite empire on the death of his father as related on page 33, was born on March 10th, 1845, and has consequently just cntered his thirty-seventh year. He is not the first-born son of the late Emperor; the Grand Duke Nicholas, heirapparent to the throne, born Sept. 20th, 1843, having died at Nice in April, 1865, • after a lingering illness. The present Emperor was married in November, 1866, to Maria Dagmar, daughter of the King of Denmark, known since assuming the orthodox Greek faith as Maria Feodorovna, by whom he has four children-- Nicholas, the heir-apparent, born May 18th, 1868 ; Gcorge, born May Toth, 1871; Xenia, born April 18th, 1875; and Michael, born Dec. 5th, 1878. Alexander Alexandrovich has, ever since he attained his majority, passed for a Liberal in politics. Upon more than one occasion the Grand Duke's relations with native patriots of the advanced Panslavistic school are stated to have led to distressing differences between himself and his deceased father, to whom, 43 ·( H.I.M. the Empress MARIA FEODOROVNA of RUSSIA. moreover, his admitted dislike to men and things German was particularly painful. THE Czarevna was affianced at an early age to the late Czar's first-born son; and-as in the case of Catherine of Aragon-espoused the brother of her betrothed busbar. shortly after the term of mourning prescribed by etiquette for the death of the latter hadeexpired. For many reasons that will naturally suggest themselves, an alliance with the reigning House of Denmark appeared at that time desirable to the deceaſed Czar's political advisers, and the bride of the youthful Czarevich, whose premature death inflicted a blow upon his mother, the late Czarina, from which she never entirely rallied, was transferred to his robust and vigorous brotber, wlio became heir to All the Russias by his death. 44 ·(From a photograph by Mr. H. N. King, Goldhawk Road, Shepherd's Buch) The late JAMES TENNANT, PROFESSOR OF MINERALOGY AT KING'S COLLEGE. THE death of Professor Tennant, F.G.S., which took place on the 23rd February, 1881, in the seventy-third year of his age, closed a very remarkable career. At an early age he came to London and entered the service of Mr. Mawe in the capacity of shop-boy. Here young James Tennant gained his first acquaintance with minerals. The classes of the Mechanics' Institution gave him opportunities of improving his education, and his attendance on Faraday's lectures on chemistry at the Royal Institution opened his mind to a higher estimate of the articles in which he dealt than as mere matters of commerce. His attention and loyalty to his, master secured his promotion in the business, and 'at Mr. Mawe's death the management devolved on him, to be followed subsequently by his succeeding to the proprietorship under easy conditions. When King's College opened in the Strand, the Council desired a teacher in mineralogy, and applied to Faraday for his nomination of a fit person; his recommendation was in favour of Mr. Tennant, who shortly after his appointment reseived the title of " Professor of Mineralogy." The new position opened a wider field of usefulness and of interesting study. His after life was devoted to the diffusion of kpowledge relating to mineralogy; his class at the College was the largest in, the kingdom ; and by his private collection, on which he freely bestowed his fortune, he was able to send forth pupils every year familiar with examples of niinerals, and qualified, therefore, to judge of natural inaterials in foreign countries. 45 1 ·(F'roin a pliotograph hy Messi, Elliott and fis, Baker Street ) The late Captain J. M. ELLIOT, 94th Regiment. KILLED IN TIIE TRANSVAAL. CAPTAIN JOUN MITCHELL ELLIOT, who was treacherously murdered by the Boers, at a ford of the Vaal river on December 29th, 1880, was the youngest surviving son of the late Mr. William Elliot, of the Madras Civil Service. He was nephew to Sir Henry Miers Elliot, K.C.B., Foreign Secretary to the Government of India, who died in 1853, at the Cape of Good Hope, when on sick leave from India. Captain J. M. Elliot was born in November, 1843. He obtained a commission without purchase, frona Sandhurst, on October 10th, 1863, in the rooth Regiment, but was tra: sferred to the 94th Regiment, at his own request, having two cousins serving in the latter corps. He served with the 94th Regiment in India from March, 1865, to February, 1868. He obtained a: first-class certificate at Hythe, and was appointed, on August 18th, 1869, Instructor of Muskelry to the 94th Regiment, which office hc held with credit to himself and his regiment until promoted to the rank of Captain on February 27th, 1877. He was appointed Paymaster 941h Regiment, on October 29th, 1878, and serı-:with that regiment throughout the Zulu War. His eldest brother, William Elliot, pf the Madras Cavalry, died in India of illness contracted on service during the Mutiny ; and his two surviving brothers, Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Riversdale Elliot, Madras Army, and Captain Mowbray Lettsom Elliot, are both now serving in India. 45 ·The late Sir H. M. JACKSON, Bart., Q.C.,'M.P. Born July 23rd, 1831. Died March 8th, 1881. Sir Henry MATHER JACKSON, Bart., of Llantilio Court, Monmouthshire, J.P. and D.L., one of the Judges of the High Court of Justice, Queen's Bench Division, died on the 8th March, 1881, at 61 Portland Place, within but a few lours after the formal completion of his appointment as a Judge. He was born July 23rd, 1831, the eldest son of the late Sir William Jackson, Bart, M.P., of Manor House, Birkenhead (created a Baronet Nov. 4th, 1869), hy Elizabeth, his wife, daughter of Lieutenant Thomas Ilughes. Sir Henry received his education at Harrow, and at Trinity College, Oxford, where he gratuated B.A. in 1853 and M.A. in 1859. He was called to the Bar at Lincoln's Inn in 1855, and, having attained to considerable practice was made a Q.C. in January, 1873. He succeeded to the baronetcy at his father's death in 1876. In July, 1865, he unsuccessfully contested Birkenhead; but in 1867 obtained a seat in the House of Commons, in the Liberal interest, for Coventry, which he represented until November, 1868, and again from 1874 till his recent elevation to the Bench. He married, August 8th, 1854, Elizabeth, daughter of Mr. Thomas Buddicum Blackburne, of Birkenhead, and leaves issue, eldest son which is now Sir Henry Mather Jackson, third Baronet, born October 19th, 1855.

·THE PICTORIAL YEAR BOOK OF CELEBRITIES. The Right Hon. BENJAMIN DISRAELI, EARL BEACONSFIELD, K.G. THE RIGHT HONOURABLE BENJAMIN DISRAELI, EARL BEACONSFIELD, K.G., who died on the 191h of April, 1881, was born, it is said, in Upper Street, Islington, on the 21st of December, 1804. We may add that some writers assert it was in Bloomsbury Square-whither the author of "The Curiosities of Literature" had moved, in order to be in close proximity to the Reading Room of the British Museum--that young Disraeli first saw the light. It has been stated that Benjamin Disraeli was christened at St. Andrew's, Holborn, and, if so, the circumstance tends to show that his father had relinquished the Jewish faith before that time. Probably his marriage may have fixed his wavering belief, and induced him to take the decided step. The lather's own love of literature and estimation of the value of scholarship induced hiin to afford the means of a good education to the young Benjamin by sending him to an excellent private school, and himself assisting in the work. When school-days were over, and it became time to think of a profession, the public service appeared to offer the best prospect, and the father placed him, as a preparation for active life, in the office of a solicitor in the City. But legal life proved distasteful, and he soon after relinquished the stool in the office of Messrs. Swain and Co., and soon after he had attained his twentieth year he began to write for a London daily paper, 7 he Representatit, started in January, 1826, in the Tory interest. He had previously visited Germany, and results of his observations appear in some portions of the novel he was shaping in his mind, and which Was given to the world in 1828. “Vivian Grey” at once achieved popularity. After the publication of this work Mr. Disraeli started on a visit to the Continent and the East, which occupied two years. But his pen was not idle, and while travelling he produced two other novels, "Contarini Fleming" and "The Young Duke.” In the autumn of 1832 he issued an address to the electors of High Wycombe, and was supported at first by a combination of Radicals and Tories against the Whig candidate, but the former party deserted him at the poll, and he was defeated by a small majority. He subsequently issued an address to the electors of Marylebone, on the same principles ; but the expected vacancy not occurring, he was a second time disappointed, and he returned for a time to literature. An imaginative and exciting Oriental tale, “The Wondrous Tale of Alroy," and another high-flown production, "The Risk of Iskander," appeared, and excited considerable criticism, not unmixed with some ridicule. He had previously produced a satirical burlesque in the style of Swift, “The Voyage of Captain Popanilla." In 1834 appeared " The Revolutionary Epick: a Poem.” In the same year appeared a political treatise, “ Vindication of the English Constitution: a Letter to a Noble and Learned Lord [Lyndhurst). By Disraeli the Younger.", The Globe newspaper was at that time a leading organ of the Whig party, and with it Mr. Disraeli contrived to get up a quarrel, embellished with personalities in the fashion of the day; and very soon afterwards the first of a series of letters signed "Runnymede" appeared in the Times, which were a series of attacks on the administration of Lord Melbourne.

·THE PIOTORIAL YEAR BOOK OF CELEBRITIES. > Laying aside politics for a brief space, Mr. Disraeli produced a very pleasing novel,“ Henrietta Temple.” At the general election consequent upon the death of William IV., in 1837, Mr. Disraeli contested Maidstone, and was successful defeating Colonel Thompson, the Radical candidate. The colleague of Mr. Disraeli was another Tory, Mr. Wyndham Lewis, of Hughenden Manor, Bucks; and on the 7th December Mr. Disraeli made his famous maiden speech. But 'the House was not disposed to listen, and after several attempts to make himself heard, he uttered the memorable words : "I have begun several times many things, and I have often succeeded at last. I will sit down now, but the time will come when you will hear me." The House soon forgot the unfortunate début, and listened with attention to his more modest utterances. The year 1839 was marked by an interesting incident in his private life. His colleague in the representation of Maidstone, Mr. Lewis, had died, and his widow became the wife of Mr. Disraeli. By this marriage he wecame the owner of Hughenden Manor, and was raised to affluence. At a later period a lady who had never even seen him, but who admired his political career, left him by her will £60,000. In the autumn of 1839 he published a tragedy, "Count Alarcos," founded on an old Spanish ballad. About this time the “Young England party" was formed. Prominent among them were Lord John Manners, Mr. Smythe, and Lord Winchelsea, and though it was formed on the principle that the aristocracy were the natural leaders of the people in the work of mental and moral development, the adherence of Mr. Disraeli was eagerly welcomed, although he could not claim aristocratic descent. The novel “Coningsby, or the New Generation," published in 1844, was the outcome of this movement. In May, 1841, Sir Robert Peel having carried a vote of want of confidence; the Ministers decided to appeal to the country. The general election resulted irra defeat of the Ministry, as shown by the division on the Address. Mr. Disraeli, no longer Member for Maidstone, but for Shrewsbury, seems to have expected that Sir Robert Peel, who headed the new Ministry, would have offered him office; but he was disappointed. It was rumoured that he had made a direct application, and that rumour he took care to contradict. The famous tariff propositions of Sir Robert Peel in 1842 were supported by Mr. Disraeli; but in the session of 1843 he openly broke with his leader, and soon after became his resolute personal assailant. In 1846 the rupture in the Tory party was complete. Immediately on the opening of the Session, Sir Robert Peel proposed the entire abolition, after two years, of the duties on imported grain. The motion was carried, and the Peel Ministry resigned. A new and small but very able party, the Peelites, was formed, and the Tories proper, the Protectionists, chose for their leader Lord George Bentinck, Member for King's Lynn. The Young Englanders threw themselves with ardour into the fray, and Disraeli occupied the foremost Pank. Then began the attacks on Sir Robert Peel, the invectives and epigrams, from which the sensitive nature of the great statesman recoiled. When Lord George Bentinck died suddenly in 1848, no other but Mr. Disraeli could claim to lead the Opposition. In the preceding year he had been returned for Buckinghamshire, and he continued to represent the county with which he had so many personal associations until he was raised to the peerage. 49 ·THE PICTORIAL YEAR BOOK OF CELEBRITIES. Mr. Disraeli's literary reputation had in the meanwhile been enhanced by the publication of “Sybil, or the New Nation" (1845), and "Tancred, or the New Crusade" (1847). At last came the day of success. In 1852 Lord Derby was entrusted with the formation of a Cabinet, and Mr. Disraeli became Chancellor of the Exchequer. His first Budget received the support of Mr. Gladstone. It was only of a temporary character, for the Ministry awaited the result of the general election, having pledged themselves to abide by the decision of the country as to a Free Trade policy. The result of the appeal to the country was in favour of Free Trade; and Lord Derby in the Lords, and Mr. Disraeli in the Commons, accepted the decision. The Budget was brought forward on the 3rd of December. The prominent features were reductions of some duties, and increase of the area of the income and house taxes. Mr. Gladstone vehemently opposed it, and the Government was defeated by a majority of nineteen, and consequently resigned. Once more Mr. Disraeli was the leader on the Opposition side. We must pass over the troubled times of the Aberdeen, the Coalition, and the Palmerston administrations, of the Crimean War, the Ministerial discords, and Mr. Roebuck's Committee of Inquiry. The Conspiracy to Murder Bill was fatal to the Palmerston Ministry, and in February, 1858, Lord Derby was again summoned to power, and Mr. Disraeli was again Chancellor of the Exchcquer. A year afterwards he brought forward an elaborate Reform Bill, which was lost ; an appeal to the country was decided &n, and the Ministry, being in a minority in the new Parliament, resigned Six more years of Opposition followed, marked by great activity, oratorical and literary, on the part of Mr. Disraeli. In 1866 he was again in office, and having, as he audaciously remarked, “educated his party," he brought in another Refo.m Bill, which included household suffrage, the taking of thirty Members from small constituencies, enfranchising several towns which had risen into importance, and giving more Members to the larger counties: the Bill was carried.. A few months afterwards (February, 1868) Lord Derby, whose health was failing, resigned, and recommended the Queen to appoint Mr. Disraeli First Lord of the Treasury. Mr. Disraeli held the office of Prime Minister only until the following December, when he resigned, and Mr. Gladstone became Premier. A peerage was offered the retiring Minister, but he declined it, accepting, however, the honour for his wife, on whom the title of Viscountess Beaconsfield was conferred. The next five years were occupied in Parliament with fierce disputes on the subject of legislation for Ireland. He found time for literary activity, and another political novel, in which real personages appeared in very slight disguises, * Lothair," was published in 1870. On the 24th of January, 1874, Mr. Gladstone, unable to carry his Irish Universities Bill, suddenly resolved to appeal to the verdict of the country, given at a general election. The feeling of the constituencies had changed, and the Conscrvatives had a majority of sixty. On the 17th of February Mr. Gladstone resigned, and Mr. Disraeli undertook the task of forming a Ministry. In 1876 the honour of a peerage was again offered, and this time accepted by Mr. Disraeli. His wife had died, and he preserved a portion of her title in his new digníty, Earl of Beaconsfield. The leadership of the Commons was enttusted to Sir Stafford Northcote, Chancellor of the Exchequer, the Earl himself, as the head of the party, exhibiting his old energy and eloquence in the Lordse 50 ·THE PICTORIAL YEAR BOOK OF CELEBRITIES. Soon after the opening of the session of 1876, the Premier brought in the Royal Titles Bill, by which the Queen was to be enabled to add Empress of India to her other titles. This was carried, although not without considerable opposition. The Turkish difficulty increased, the Sultan was deposed, Eastern Europe was aflame with war. Russia interfered, and presented an ultimatum to Turkey on the last day of ber; and at the Guildhall banquet on the gth of November, the Earl of Beaconsfield made a speech which was considered as a threat to Russia and a hint that England would defend the integrity of the Ottoman Empire. Early in 1878 there were dissensions in the Cabinet. The Earl of Carnarvon and the Earl of Derby, Colonial and Foreign Secretaries, were unwilling to encounter the chance of hostilities on behalf of Turkey, and the former and shortly afterwards the latter resigned. The action of the latter was induced by the announcement of an intention to call out the reserve forces, and the sending of 7,000 native Indian troops to Malta. Shortly afterwards it became known that a secret treaty had been concluded between Great Britain and Turkey, by which a British protectorate had been established over Asia Minor, and Cyprus was ceded by the Sultan. In June the Earl of Beaconsfield and the Marquis of Salisbury, the Foreign Secretary, attended, as representatives of England, the Congress at Berlin, held for the settlement of the Eastern difficulty. Just before the end of the session the affairs of North-Western India and Afghanistan excited attention. British troops were marched to Cabul, and the Ameer fled. Lord Beaconsfield, in another of his characteristic Guildhall utterances, said, “We were only establishing a scientific frontier.'” Then followed the Zulu War in South Africa and other troubles. Parliament was dissolved on the 24th of March, 1880, and Lord Beaconsfield and his policy were again subunitted to the verdict of the country. That verdict was unfavourable, and towards the end of April the Premier and his colleagues resigned office. Lord Beaconsfield accepted his destiny with a smiling face, and retired, as he said, to enjoy the pleasures of the country at Hughenden. The fruit of his leisure soon appeared in the form of another political novel,“ Endymion," which was published in November of last year. With the opening of Parliament in January he was in his place and apparently robust; and when seen in society nobody could have detected any sign of weakness or decay in him. Speaking on the Address on the 6th of January, he delivered himself with all his accustomed force and felicity of expression. He spoke several times afterwards on foreign policy, more especially on India, and was scarcely ever more effective in his best days than in the debate on Lord Lytton's motion condemning the abandonment of Candahar. This was his last great speech in the Parliament he had so long adorned ; nor could he have chosen a theme more suitable to mark thc end of his illustrious career. Speaking of the late Earl, the Standard remarked :-"Lord Beaconsfield had qualities such as few public men have ever shown, and such as irresistibix.won the respect and admiration of Englishmen. He personified a higher principle than that of mere personal success; and the story of his career is the eloquent record of great service. To his political friends and foes he has bequeathed an illustrious name; to the English people at large he has left the legacy of a great cxample." D 51 4-2 ·(hom a photograph by Messrs. Elliott and Fry, Baker Street, W.) The late Sir CHARLES REED, M.P. Born Func 20th, 1819. Died March 256h, 1881. THIS well-kitown supporter of the philanthropic and educational work of the metropolis expired at his residence, Earlsmead, Page Green, Tottenham, ut the age of sixty-two, on the 25th of March, 1881, after an illness of but a short duragión. Sir Charles Reed, who was the second son of the late Rev. Andrew Reed, 52 ·THE PICTORIAL YEAR BOOK OF CELEBRITIES. D.D., of Cambridge Heath, Hackney, was born at Sonning, near Reading, on June 20th, 1819. He was educated at the Hackney Grammar School and at University College, London, and he was, at the time of his death, the head of the Fann Street Letter Foundry, Aldersgate Street, E.C. At one time he was partner in the firm of Messrs. Tyler and Reed, printers, of Bolt Court, Fleet Street. He was first elected to Parliament, in the Liberal interest, for the Borough of Hackney, in December, 1868, and was again returned in 1874; but, through an informality in the ballot, was unseated, and declined again, at that period, toºre-enter Parliament. In the latter year he was elected Chairman of the London School Board, of which he had previously been Vice-Chairman, and received the honour of knighthood. He was one of the English Commissioners for the Paris Exhibition of 1878, and for his services was nominated an Officer of the Legion of Honour. He became a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries 1852; Conservator of the River Thames, 1860; Justice of the Peace for Middlesex and Westminster, 1872; Trustee of “George Peabody's Donation Funds," 1873 ; special English Commissioner to the Philadelphia Exhibition, and Chairman of Judges of Award on Education, 1875; Doctor of Laws, Yale University, United States, 1876; and President of the “Sunday School Union of England and Wales," 1877. He was the author of "A Plea for a Free Library for the City of London, 1855 ; “Life and Philanthropic Labours of Andrew Reed, D.D.," 1868 ; "Our Educational Experiment," an Address delivered before the Social Science Congress at Brighton, 1876; Repost on the Educational Department of the Philadelphia Exhibition, 1876; Annual Addresses to the School Board for London, 1871 to 1877; and other educational treatises and pamphlets, At the General Election in 1880 he was returned for St. Ives. The deceased gentleman married, in 1845, Margaret, daughter of the late Edward Baines, M.P. for Leeds. Writing of the death of Sir Charles Reed, the Standard remarked that this event deprives the community at large of one of its most energetic, conscientious," and public-spirited servants. He had the gift of strong, clear common sense, and had considerable opportunities, which he turned to admirable account. He was not in any sense a man of exceptional calibre, but he was the worthy representative of a class to whose members we owe, directly or indirectly, the great schemes of social improvement which have been developed and, in some cases, perfected during the last half century. Sir Charles Reed was essentially a man of the people-a favourable specimen of the strenuous, earnest, God-fearing, middle-class Nonconformist. $ He was a political Dissenter, but he was contented to co-operate with the Church of England in all works of social usefulness. He was unanimously chosen Chairman of the London School Board eight years ago, not because he was the ablest member of it, but because he divided the opinion of its members less than any other possible candidate. He was, and he continued to be, acceptable to the extreme and the more moderate section of Nonconformists sitting in the Educational Parliament, and generally to those clergymen of the Church of England who did not hold that religious dissent was in itself the worst of national evils. He was identified with all that was most progressive in the policy of his colleagues. The education of the children of the poor was, he held, a State duty, and the more it was undertaken by the State and its representatives the better." 53 ·M. ROUSTAN, Consul-General, MINISTER PLENIPOTENTIARY OF FRANCE AT TUNIS. THE name of M. Roustan will doubtless become historical from the fact that he was one of the chief instruments in bringing about the French occupation of Tunis. M. Roustan was born a La Civtat (Bouches-du-Rhône), in 1836, and has for many years held consular office in various parts of the East-at Beyrrut, Smyrna, Cairo, in Palestine and Alexandria, and has in many difficult situations preserved intact the honour and rights of his country. Towards the end of the year 1874 M. Roustan was nominated Consul-General in Charge of Affairs at Tunis, and last year he was elevated to the grade of Minister Plenipotentiary in recognition of his eminent services. It will be remembered that matters in Tunis had been fast reaching a crisis ; the English and Italians had long been dissatisfied at the hold which the French Consul had obtained over the Bey; and the conduct of the latter towards Mr. Levy, an English subject, with regard to the disputed possession of the Enfida Estates, which were claimed by a French Company, only served to make matters worse. It was apparent that since the occupation of Cyprus France had been 54 ·THE PICTORIAL YEAR BOOK OF CELEBRITIES. a gradually working her way into the Bey's good graces, and only needed a pretext for taking armed possession. This was not long wanting. A nomad tribe, the Kroumirs, violated French territory, and an imposing force was sent in April, 1881, to punish them. But it was necessary to march through the Bey's dominions. A friendly resistance was made, and the French gradually took possession, protesting at the same time that they ha no intention of annexing anything : but city after city has capitulated, and now at the present time (December, 1881) the French are virtually masters of Tunis, and have, in point of fact, established Prætectorate" over that portion of the Sultan's dominions. On the 21st of December the Arabic paper El Fawaib publishes an article announcing that the Sultan will protest against any eventual new treaty between France and the Bey of Tunis, and any fresh settlement of the Tunisian debt, unless both are sanctioned by the other Great Powers. The El Jawaib expresses the hope that the Powers will consent to instruct their Ambassadors in Constantinople to effect a settlement of the Tunisian Question conjointly with the Porte. But protests from the Sultan of Turkey have lost all their power by this. We cannot close our remarks upon this matter without referring to the action for libel which M. Roustan brought against Henri Rochefort, and which was heard on the 13th, 14th, and 15th of December. In an article entitled “The Secret of the Tunisian Business," which M. Rochefort published in the Intransigeant in September last, it was imputed to MM. Gambetta, Roustan, and Challemel Lacour that they invented the Tunisian question for the purpose of inaking a grand coup on the Bourse by a speculation in Tunisian Bonds. 'The article contained the following passage :- “We have compared the Tunisian Expedition to a mere common case of swindling; we were wrong. The Tunisian business is a deliberate robbery aggravated by murder, and its authors should be brought before the assizes MM. Gambetta and Roustan had formed an association with the object of bringing down to the price of waste paper the bonds of the Tunisian Debt, in order to buy them in for a merc song. But as the Bey could never be supposed to possess the two hundred millions necessary for the reimbursement of those bonds, the two comrades urged the French Government to interfere in the Regency and undertake the payment of the bonds, which were to be converted into a Three per Cent. Stock. Messrs. Gambetta and Roustan would then have exchanged their waste paper for scrip of Rente to the tune of over one hundred millions, which, it heed hardly be said, would have come out of the taxpayers' pockets.” A few days later another article appeared imputing disgraceful inalpractices to, M. Challemel Lacour in the matter of Tunisian finance, at a time when he was principal editor of the Republique Française, whereon two several actions were instituted against the Intransigeant. After lasting three days the jury brought in a verdict of not guilty, and M. Roustan was ordered to pay all costs. "The verdict,” said the Standard, "provoked immense sensation in Court, and was greeted with applause. It is creating immense sensation on the boulevards. The acquittal of M. Rochefort was fully expected by all who were acquainted with the feeling of the people in France and in Paris. It would be a mistake to ascribe it to any feeling of sympathy with M. Rochefort. The political bearings of the case had an effect on public opinion, which unquestionably infuenced the jury, and the result is disastrous to M. Roustan himself and is extremely awkward for his official patrons. The course of the case and the line taken by the prose- 55 ·SIDI-MOHAMMED-ES-SADOK, BEY OF TUNIS. cution have been such that the verdict which acquits M. Rochefort, and adjudges M. Roustan to pay the costs, passes by implication a strong censure on M. Barthélemy St. Hilaire, M. Waddington, and all the other present and past functionaries who eulogized M. Roustan as an exemplary public servant, and defended him as the victim of unmerited calumny." SIDI-MOHAMMED-ES-SADOK, BEY OF TUNIS, belongs to the Hassan-ben-Ali family, who have been in possession of the Regency for the past two hundred years. He ascended the throne in 1854, and during his reign he has passed many excellent measures and regulations calculated to increase the well-being not only of his subjects, but of the Europeans resident under his jurisdiction, including religious liberty, the spread of education, and the security of the individual: 56 * ·The late MAJOR SINGLETON. The late Major Loftus Singleton, of the 92nd (Gordon) Highlanders, was fourth son of the late Henry Singleton, Esq., D.L., of Aclare, county Meath, Ireland. He entered the army in 1861. He had served with his regiment through the campaign under General Sir F. Roberts in Afghanistan, from the battle of Charasiab to the termination of the war, and had gained some distinction, The regiment, when on the point of returning home, was suddenly ordered to reinforce Sir George Colley's command in Natal. At the battle on Majuba Mountain, on Feb. 27th, Major Singleton was wounded in four places. After lingering two months, he died on May Ist, 1881, almost the last victim of the unfortunate conflict with the Boers of the Transvaal. In connection with this portrait we here reprint the description given by the Standard of the last few minutes of this terrible fight, which resulted in our troopsbeing defeated: “At last the Boers, who had gathered near the edge of the slope, made a tremendous rush at a point beyond that at which they had before been attacking, and where the numbers of the defenders were comparatively small. They burst through the defenders, poured in over the edge of the basin, and our position was lost. The main line of our'defenders, their flank turned, and taken in reverse, made a rush along the plateau to endeavour to form and rally, but it was useless. With fierce shouts and a storm of bullets the Boers poured in. There was a wild rush, with the Boers close behind; the roar of fire, the whistling of the bullets, the yells of the enemy, made up a din which seemed infernal. All round men were falling; there was no resistance, no halt-it was a flight for "life.” 57 ·(from a photograph by Messrs. Llliott and lry, Laker Street, W. The late Mr. EDWARD MIALL. MR. MIALL, who died in May, 1881, at the age of seventy-two years, was the ounder and editor of the Nonconformist newspaper. He came to London in 1841, and with the assistance of friends established the newspaper alluded to, mainly to advocate the separation of Church and State, which resulted, two years later, in the formation of the British Anti-State Church Association, now known as the Liberation Sociсty. Subsequently, Mr. Miall contested, although unsuccessfully, Southwark and Halifax, but was returned for Rochdale in 1852, losing his seat in 1857 with Mr. Cobden, Mr. Bright, and other opponents of the China War. At the invitation of the Derby Ministry, he became a member of the Duke of Newcastle's Commission for Inquiring into National Education. At , the general election in 1868 Mr. Miall was defeated by Mr. Ripley at Bradford; but on that gentleman being unseated in 1869 he was returned by a large majority, and sat for that borough until the general election of 1874, when he retired from public life. In that interval he twice moved a resolution in the House of Commons in favour of Disestablishment. Mr. Miall twice received substantial marks of the appreciation of his services : on the first occasion, at the Freemasons' Tavern, he was presented with 5,000 guineas; and on the second, at the Crystal Palace, in 1873, with 10,000 guineas, which was put in trust on behalf of himself and family. The deceased gentleman was also presented with a congratulatdry address on his seventieth birthday, by a deputation headed by the Right Hon. J. Bright, M.P. and Mr. Richard, M.P. 58 ·(From a photograph by the London Stereo.copic Company, Regent Sweet.) The late Right Hon. Mr. W. P. ADAM, GOVERNOR OR MADRAS. Born September, 1823. Died May 25th, 1881. The intelligence of this gentleman's death was received in London on Wednesday, May 25th, 1881, when Mr. Hudleston, Member of the Council to the Governor of Madras, telegraphed to the India Office from Ootacamund as follows :-“With the utmost sorrow I have to announce the death here, about noon this day, of Mr. Adam, Governor of Madras, after a wearying illness of enteritis." The deceased gentleman had, it has been stated, suffered from the same complaint before leaving England, and he has been in but indifferent health since his arrival in the Neilgherrie, the climate of which did not appear to suit him. On the Saturday week preceding his death he fainted while attending the Wellington Races, and upon his removal to Ootacamund, on the following Monday, the symptoms grew worse, and a surgeon was summoned from Madras with a view of performing a serious operation. Before his arrival Mr. Adam had improved, and for a short time he appeared to be progressing satisfactorily. However, his illness assumed a serious form, and he continued to sink until death put an end to his useful life. Mr. Adam was the eldest son of the late Admiral Sir Charles Adam, K.C.B., Governor of Greenwich Hospital, by his union with Elizabeth, daughter of Mr. Patrick Brydone. He was born September, 1823, and was educated at Rugby 59 ·THE PICTORIAL YEAR BOOK OF CELEBRITIES. and at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. in 1846, and subsequently proceeded in due course to his M.A. degree. After studying for the law, he was called to the Bar by the Honourable Society of the Inner Temple in May, 1849. Four years later he was appointed private secretary to Baron Elphinstone, Governor of Bombay, and he remained in that country, where he did much useful work, until September, 1850. Returning to England he was elected Member for the united counties of Clackmannan and Kinross in May, 1859, having been an unsuccessful candidate for the same constituency in June, 1851, and continued a representative of the same body of electors the whole of the time he occapied a seat in the House of Commons-i.l., till November, 1880. From April, 1865, until July, 1866, he was a Lord of the Treasury in Lord Palmerston's Administration; and again, on the accession to office of Mr. Gladstone, December, 1868, occupied the same post until August, 1873, when he was appointed. First Commissioner of Works and Public Buildings and Paymaster-General, and was made a Member of the Privy Council,-an office which he continued to hold util the resignation of the seals of office by the Gladstone Administration after the general election of January, 1874. At the general election, 1880, his return was opposed by Mr. Haig in the Conservative interest, but he was triumphantly returned, and upon the formation of the present Government he accepted his old post of First Commissioner of Works and Public Buildings. This post he did not, however, hold long, as in November, 1880, he accepted the office of Governor of Madras, in quccession to the Duke of Buckingham and Chandos. Mr. Adam, who married, February, 1856, Emily, a daughter of General Sir William Wyllie, G.C.B., was a Deputy-Lieutenant and Justice of the Peace for the Counties of Kinross and Fife; he was the author of a work on political economy, entitled “Thoughts on the Policy of Retaliation and its Probable Effecst on the Consumer, Producer, and Shipowner." Mr. Adam acted for many years as one of the whips of the Liberal party, and in this position (not a very enviable one at any time, but made particularly onerous by the progress of recent events in Parliamentary life) he gained the respect and esteem of every Member; his kindness and courtesy, combined with firmness and energy, made him a valuable help to his party. On all momentous occasions he was indefatigable in bringing up dilatory Members to the summons of the division bell. 60 ·(From a photograph by Messis, Elliott and Fry, 55 Baker Street, W.) The late Mr. HENRY PEASE. MR. HENRY PEASE, who died on Monday, May 30th, 1881, in his seventy-fifth year, was the son of Edward Pease, the father of railways, and was born at Darlington. After receiving a sound commercial education, he was sent to learn the business of a tanner, but did not long follow that occupation. The official records of the Stockton and Darlington Railway Company, the earliest in the world, show that, when quite a youth and soon after the line was opened, he took an active part in the direction of the affairs of that undertaking. Since that time he had been on the Board of Management, and when the Stockton and Darlington was merged in the North-Eastern Railway Company, he still retained his seat, and was, in fact, the oldest railway director in the world. While play- *ing an important part in the extension of the wonderful railway system which his father had originated, he found time to embark largely in commercial pursuits, to devote himself to politics and to take a conspicuous place as a social reformer. The Pease family are almost, if not quite, without a parallel in this country in their gigantic industrial operations. They are owners of many collieries in South Durham, of vast ironstone mines in Cleveland, and of lead workings in the northern dales. The late Mr. Joseph Pease was the founder of Middlesborough, and his brother, the deceased, was the founder of Saltburn. Seven years ago, when the railway jubilee was celebrated at Darlington, Mr. Pease was the centre of the demonstration which marked the first half-century of the history of railways. Mr. Pease was elected first Mayor of Darlington in 1867, when that town was incorporated. 61 ·(From a photograph by the London Stercoscopic Company.) The late Alderman Sir W. A. ROSE. COLONEL and Alderman Sir William Anderson Rose died very suddenly, from heart disease, while driving from his residence at Upper Tooting to his place of business at Queenhithe on the morning of the 9th of June, 1881, in his sixtieth year. Sir William Rose was elected Alderman of the Ward of Queenhithe on the death of Mr. Alderman Hooper in 1854, being then but thirty-four years of age ; and in the following year, in the mayoralty of Mr. Alderman Salomans, he served the office of Sheriff of London and Middlesex, in conjunction with Mr. Alderman Kennedy. In 1863 In 1863 he succeeded Mr. Alderman Cubitt, M.P., after the latter's mayoralty of two years, as Lord Mayor, and it fell to his duty to receive in the City of London the Princess Alexandra, on her entry.there prior to her marriage with the Prince of Wales, and later on to head the deputation which presented her Royal Highness with the splendid wedding-gift of the Corporation. From 1862 to 1865 he represented Southampton in the House of Commons in the Conservative interest, and in 1867 he received the honour of knighthood. For many years he was the Governor of the Irish Society, a body which controls the management of the extensive estates of the Corporation in Ireland ; and from 1870 until last year, when he retired, he was the Colonel of the Royal London Militia. He was a magistrate for Middlesex and Derry, and a member of the Carlton Club, “and was formerly Master of the Spectacle Makers' Company. During his mayoralty he took a leading part in the relief of the distress occasioned by the cotton famine in Lancashire. 62 ·. (From a photograph by the London Stereoscopic Company, Regent Street.) The late Lord Justice JAMES. Born June 29th, 1807. Died June 7th, 1881. THE death of this distinguished lawyer, who had been in bad health for some time, occurred on the evening of the 7th June, 1881, at his residence in Wimpole Street. Sir William Milbourne James, one of the Lords Justices of the Court of Appeal, was a son of Mr. Christopher James, of Swansea, and was born on the 29th June, 1807. He received his academical education at Glasgow University, where he graduated M.A., and where, in 1873, he received the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws. After leaving the University, he became a student at Lincoln's Inn, and was called to the Bar in 1831. His progress in his profession was not at first very rapid; but his solid abilities and diligence gradually won the confidence of solicitors, of high standing, and in 1851 his position at the Bar was of sufficient eminence to justify his "taking silk.” In the same year he was made Vice-Chancellor of the County Palatine of Lancaster, an office which he held for sixteen years. In 1869 he was knighted and elevated to the Bench as a Vice Chancellor. In 1870 he was sworn in as a Privy Councillor, and created a Lord Justice of Appeal. The late Lord Justice married, in 1846, Maria, daughter of the late Right Rev. William Otter, Bishop of Chichester. At the general election of 1859, as Mr. W. M. James, Q.C., he unsuccessfully contested, the borough of Derby. His firm grasp of the great principles of equity, together with his reputation as a singularly clear-headed and lucid expositor of the most perplexing legal subtleties, did much to strengthen the high tribunal of which be was a prominent member. 63 ·TOERIGE (From a pkotograph by the London Stereoscopic Company, 108 Regent Street, W.) The Right Hon. M. E. GRANT DUFF, M.P. APPOINTED GOVERNOR OF MADRAS, JUNE, 1881. THE Right Honourable Mount-Stuart Elphinstone Grant Duff, P.C., Governor of Madras, is the son of the late James Cunninghame Grant Duff, Esq., of Eden -the first Political Resident at Sattara-by Jane Catherine, only daughter of the late Sir Whitelaw Ainslie, M.D., author of "Materia Indica." He was born February 21st, 1829, and was educated at Edinburgh, at Bishopswearmouth, and at Balliol College, Oxford, where he graduated B.A. 1850, second class in literis humanioribus; M.A. 1853, in which year he gained the studentship of fifty guineas offered for competition by the United Inns of Court, and graduated LL.B. in honours at the London University 1854. In 1859 he married Anna Julia, only child of Edward Webster, Esq., of the North Lodge, Ealing. Called to the Bar at the Inner Temple November 1854, þut has ceased to practise. Was Under-Secretary of State for India 1868–74, and Lord Rector of Aberdeen University 1866–72. Appointed Under-Secretary of State for the Colonics April, 1880, and sworn a Member of the Privy Council May, 1880. Is a D.-L. and a J.P. of the counties of Aberdeen and Moray, a J.P. for Ranffshire, a Fellow of the Royal Geographical and Linnæan Societies, and author of “Studies in European Politics," "A Glance over Europe," " Elgin Speeches," " A Political Survey, ," "Notes of an Indian Journey," and "Miscellanies, Political and Lite rary." One of the promoters of the Oxford Tests Abolition Bill, 1864, 65, and 66, First elected for the Elgin Burghs, in the Liberal interest, December, 1857. 64 ·THE PICTORIAL YEAR BOOK OF CELEBRITIES. The Most Noble the MARQUIS OF SALISBURY, K.G. LEADER OF THE CONSERVATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF LORDS. PERSONAL characteristics, it is well known, have a tendency to reproduce themselves in families, even after the lapse of generations; and it has been said that the present Marquis of Salisbury is a notable example of this. The Salisbury family are descended from Secretary Sir Robert Cecil, younger son of Queéi: Elizabeth's great Minister, Lord Burghley, the shake of whose head was said to imply more than any other man's speech. .Sir Robert Cecil was #man of very considerable ability, possessed great knowledge of affxirs and immense powers of application, but was rather cantankerous in his disposition, and, it was alleged, had a strong dash of cynicism, if not of positive malice, in his nature, In most, if not all, of these characteristics the present Marquis of Salisbury is said to resemble his ancestors. In one important particular, however, they differ materially. Sir Robert Cecil had the reputation of being a self-seeker, who never sacrificed his personal interests to a sense of duty, or did a service without a hope of adequate relurn; whereas the present Marquis of Salisbury has undertaken numerous duties from no other motive than a desire to be uscſul, and has shown that he knows how to subordinate interest to principles. The first he exemplified, some years since, by assuming the thankless post of Chairman of the Great Eastern Railway Company, the affairs of which were then in an almost hopeless state of confusion; and the second he illustrated by retiring from Lord Derby's Ministry in 1867, in company with Lord Carnarvon and General Peel, when he found he could not support the Reform Bill brought in by his chief and Mr. Disraeli. Lord Cranbourne, the title the Marquis then bore, was at that tine a comparatively poor inan, to whom the salary as Under-Secretary of Staic for India was believed to be a consideration. Nevertheless, he did not hesitate, but promptly abandoned office and emolument at the dictate of conviction--a deed for which he deserves all honour. His steady consistency has, however, stood him in good stead, as the Conservative peers unanimously elected him in May, 1881, as their leader in the place of the late Earl of Beaconsfield, when the claims of Lord Cairns to that position were scarcely of a nature to be overlooked or put on one side. Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne Cecil, K.G., P.C., D.C.L., the third Marquis, was born on the 3rd February, 1830, and succeeded his father in 1868. He was educated at Eton, and at Christ Church, Oxford, where he took his B.A. degree in 1850, and proceeded to M.A. in 1853, when he was elected a Fellow of All Souls. He was Secretary for India in 1866–67 and 1874–78, and was Secretary for : Foreign Affairs until 1880, and was elected Chancellor of the University of Oxford in 1868, on the death of the late Earl of Derby. In 1876 Lord Salisbury. went as Special Ambassador to Constantinople, and as joint Special Ambassador with the late Lord Beaconsfield to Berlin in 1878, and for his latter services was made a Knight of the Garter. First as Lord Robert Cecil, and afterwards as Viscount Cranbourne, the Marquis represented Stamford from 1853 till his accessjon to the peerage in 1868. He is Chairman of the Middlesex Quarter Sessions, and is likewise a magistrate for Hertfordshire. He married in 1857 Georgina, daughter of the late Hon. Sir Edward Hall Anderson, a Baron of the Cgdrt of Exchequer, by whom he has issue living, four sons and two daughters. 65 5 ·(From a pliutograph Ly Mr A. Beatre, chipel Street, Preston.) Mr. W. F. ECROYD, M.P. for Preston. MR. WILLIAM FARRER ECROYD, who was in June, 1881, elected to Parlia ment for the borough of Preston in succession to Mr. E. Hermon, beating Mr. Thompson, his Liberal opponent, by 0,004 votes to 4,340, is the eldest son of the late Mr. William Ecroyd, of Lomeshaye, Lancashire. He unsuccessfully contested the North-Eastern Division of that county in 1880, and entered Parliament for the first time, on his acceptance by the Preston Conservatives, being the forty-first new Member who had taken his seat since the last general election. He is a Conservative, but his return Icaves the political representation of the constituency unaltered, the late Member having belonged to the same party. Mr. Ecroyd, who was born in 1827, has been twice married-first, in 1851, to Mary, daughter of Mr. T. Backhouse, of York; and secondly, in 1869, to Anna Maria, eldest daughter of Mr. G. Foster, of Sabden, Lancashire. 66 ·. (From a photograph by Mr. Charles Watkins, Torriano Averise, Camden Town. The late Mr. S. A. HART, R.A. Born 1806. Died day 11th, 1881. THIS veteran artist, who died on the nth May, 1881, was born at Plymouth in 1806, and entered the Royal Academy as a student in 1823, and exhibited his first work, a miniature of his father, in 1826. He continued for a time to paint miniatures for a livelihood, but showed his first exhibition oil picture, "Instructions," at the British Institution in 1828, and the “Elevation of the Law," at the Suffolk Street Gallery in 1830. In the same year he produced " Isaac of York in the Donjon of Front-de-Bct:uf." “Wolsey and Buckingham," 1834, and Cuur de Lion and the Soldan Saladin,"1935, led to his election as an Associate of the Royal Academy. In 1810 he was clacted a Royal. Academician. During a visit to Italy in 1841-2 he made an elaborate scrics of drawings of architectural interiors and sites famous in history. Of Mr. Hart's works, “ Menasseh Ben Israel l'leading with Oliver Cromwell for the Admission of the Jews" was the most successful. (reat pains were taken with this work, which was designed by the artist as an offering to the memory of the Protector, by whose statesmanship the ancestors of the painter had been permitted to settle in England. Mr. Hart also painted landscapes and portraits, and contributed to the Athenium, the cwish Chronicle, and other periodicals. He served repeatedly on the hanging committee of the Royal Academy, and on the committee of the Athenacum Club. In 1857 he succeeded Mr. Leslic as Professor of Painting in the Royal Academy, and in 1865 was appointed by the Queen Librarian of that institution. 5- 2 67 ·Are Hit SOLO 10 (From a sheich taken in 1874.) The late Very Rev. ARTHUR PENRHYN STANLEY, D.D. DEAN OF WESTMINSTER. The death of this popular churchman took place shortly before midnight on Monday, July 18th, 1881, at the Deanery, Westminster. After suffering for some days from an indisposition which was not regarded as serious, erysipelas supervened on Friday, the 15th, and on Sunday the attack assumed a gravity which awakened the greatest anxiety. The Dean rallied slightly on Sunday night, the 17th, but early on Monday morning the symptoms were so disquieting that Canon Farrar administered the Sacrament to the Dean, Sir William Jenner and Dr. 68 ·THE PICTORIAL YEAR BOOK OF CELEBRITIES. Gerald Harper were also promptly summoned, and they were at the Deanery at intervals during the whole of the day, and issued several bulletins, the last being posted up at midnight, which announced the sad event_“The Dean expired quietly and without suffering at twenty minutes to twelve o'clock." Mrs. Vaughan (Dr. Stanley's sister), Canon Farrar, Canon F. Jones, and several other members of his household, were present when his death took place. The death of Arthur Penrhyn Stanley, Dean of Westminster, at the age of sixty-six, deprives (remarks the Standard) the English Church of one of its most libe al and accomplished theologians, English literature of one of its picturesque writers, and English society of one of its most popular ornaments. There is no clergyman now alive who can be said to hold precisely the same position as that held by Dean Stanley. The reason is that the conditions of his career were altogether peculiar, and that the opportunities which he enjoyed, not only by his ability and his education, but by his birth, were such as have fallen to few. The son of the Bishop of Norwich, he inhaled from the first an invigorating atmosphere of religious freedom. The favourite pupil of Arnold, he was trained and confirmed at school in those views and principles that he had at first imbibed at home. Froin Rugby Arthur Stanley went to Oxford, at a time when the University possessed a character which had never belonged to it before, and which it is hardly possible, in the nature of things, it can ever enjoy again. The Oxford movement was then in course of preparation, but yet had to come to a crisis. All that was polislıcd, graceful, refined, earnest, and picturesque met in the Oxford society of that day. Arthur Stanley soon became one of its most brilliant lights. He had qualities and opportunities which on more than onc occasion caused Newman to compare hun to Pusey. He was not only the favourite pupil of Arnold, and entered the University with all the prestige which distinguished successes at school can give, and as the winner of a Balliol Scholarship; he belonged to the aristocratic class, and he had the entrée of the most exclusive cucles of Whig society which England containcd. Scholar, theologian, historian, preacher, and poet, Dean Stanley was the product not merely of Rugby and Oxford, but of a host of influences wliich lie far outside either. The tone of his mind was essentially Liberal, but it was thoroughly patrician as well. He was passionately fond of the study of history, but he approached history not from the rigidly scientific point of view, but from the point of the antiquarian who had an affection for whatever was magnificent and whatever was old. He had travelled extensively and in all kinds of society, though chiefly in the very highest. He was a courtier as well as a scholar, both by, education and by instinct. Some of his theories were in the direction of pure Radicalism and destructiveness, but his moderation of character, his practical good sense, and his hatred of the falsehood of extremes showed themselves in consistent Conservatısın. In the year 1840, when he was just twenty-five, he had won the Newdigate, the Ireland Scholarship, a tir-t-class, the Latin and the English Essay Prize, and a Fellowship at University College. He passed more than a decade in the performance of the ordinary duties of an Oxford tutor, in which capacity he was both industrious and popular. In 1845-6 he was appointed Select Preacher, and hiseşermons at once attracted attention, and deeply stirred the intellectual and religious sympathies of the younger generation of Oxford men. . From 1850 to 1852 he was Secretary of the Oxford University Commission, and during his incumbency of this post he was appointed Canon of Canterbury. He held the 69 ·THE PICTORIAL YEAR BOOK OF CELEBRITIES. canonry for six years, and utilized his official experiences by producing a valuable monograph on the old cathedral city. Meanwhile he had become one of the Chaplains of the then new Bishop of London, the present Archbishop of Canterbury, and had been transferred from his canonry at Canterbury to one at Christ Church, Oxford. It was not till 1863 that he received in the Deanery of Westminster the preferment which had been generally anticipated for him, and which it is tolerably certain would have come much earlier were it not that his opinions were regarded in certain quarters as disqualifying him for high promotion. He enjoyed his work, and the persons with whom it brought him 'rito contact recognized in him the natural ornament of such a position. But all was not smooth sailing ; and though Dr. Stanley was supreme over the Abbey, he was not permitted to exercise his plenary authority in the manner which seemed good to him without protest. In 1867 Dr. Colenso published his volume on the Pentateuch. Soon afterwards he came to England, and Dean Stanley met him with an invitation to preach in Westminster Abbey. There was much angry criticism, and more than one pamphlet was published on the subject. But none of these things moved the Dean, who replied to his adversaries not a word. The policy which Dr. Stanley thus initiated in the control of the Abbey he has since continued to develop. Clergymen of the Church of England, however broad their views, have been welcomed to its pulpit. Professor Max Muller has delivered a lecture on comparative theology in its nave. To the general public Dean Stanley is, and is likely tą remain, better known, perhaps, as an historian and a writer on subjects which range round the border ground of theology and history than as a preacher. In his “Life of Dr. Arnold” he has produced one of the best biographies which the English language contains. His “Sinai and Palestine," his “ Lectures on the History of the Eastern Church,” his "Sermons pretched in the East" on the occasion of his visit to Palestine with the Prince of Wales-these are books that have not yet outlived their popularity. The purely ecclesiastical frame of mind was altogether abhorrent to Dean Stanley, and the opposition and censure which he encountered throughout his career came from ecclesiastics and ecclesiasticism. But with the bulk of his countrymen Dean Stanley has always been popular and respected. Most persons have seen in him, as thcy well might, an English clergyman who was a citizen before he wa a priest, and who was even more a man of the world and of letters than a theologian. If the comprehensiveness and true Catholicity of Dean Stanley's nature could be scen in his sermons and in his talk, they were at least equally conspicuous in the composition of his friends, and especially of his visitors in Dean's Yard. The receptions which Lady Augusta Stanley comrnenced con-, tinued after her dcath, and remained as cosmopolitan as ever. Roman Catholic Archbishops, Greek Archimandrites, the fathers and sometimes the firebrands of modern Nonconformity, Anglican clergy of every variety of doctrine—those mutually separated by intervals so wide as Archdeacon Denison and Mr. Dale, Mr. Jowett and Dr. Pusey--politicians of opposite parties, and historians of hostile schools, all met in the reception-rooms of the Deanery. The Daily News, speaking of the death of the Dean of Wěstminster, remarks, “The England of our generation has had and has lost many greater men than Arthur Stanley. It has not had to say farewell to any purer and better." 70 ·(Irom a photograph by Messrs. Lurraut and Jenard, Gloucestei Place, Pran Square.) The late Professor ROLLESTON. Born July 3oth, 1829. Died Junc, 1881. The late Dr. George Rolleston, who died in June, 1881, was the Linacre Professor of Physiology at Oxford University. He was born July 30th, 1829, at Maltby, Yorkshire, and was educated at Gainsborough Grammar School, Sheffield Collegiate School, and Pembroke College, Oxford. He took a firstclass in classics under cxanıners in Michaelmas Term, 1850, and in the following year was elected to a Fellowship at Pembroke College. After studying medicine at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, he became Assistant-Physician at the British Civil Hospital, Smyrna, during the Crimean War; Assistant-Physician to the Children's Hospital in London, 1857Physician to the Radcliffe Infirmary, • Oxford, 1857 ; Lees Reader in Anatomy at Christ Church, Oxford, 1857; Examiner in the Natural Science School, Oxford, in 1859 and 1969; Linacre Professor of Physiology in the latter year; Fellow of the Royal Society in 1872, and a Fellow of Merton College in 1872. Dr. Rolleston was the author of the “Report on Smyrna," 1856; "Forms of Animal Life," 1870; and the “Harveian Oration," 1873. He was also a Fellow of the Linnean Society. He was, until his illness, actively engaged in the work and internal government of the University, and was personally much esteemed. 71 ·THE PICTORIAL YEAR BOOK OF CELEBRITIES. In 1847 young Long returned to Bath, and addressed himself to portrait painting. One of his first sitters was his own paternal grandfather, Mr. James Long, of Kelstone, of whom he made a most successful likeness, still in possession of the artist. He was then about eighteen years of age, and from that time forth he was able to maintain himself by the practice of his art. When about twentytwo years of age he went to Antwerp, and worked there for several months; afterwards he visited Paris, and carried on his studies there for a like period. With the view of further progress, he went the following year to Rome, and it was here, surrounded by all that is artistically inspiring, that he discovered that the painter, after all, is but mortal. He submitted joyfully to his destiny, and married. His wife was the daughter of a Scottish gentleman, Dr. William Aiton, formerly settled in Florence, and whose name is not unknown to literature. It is worthy of record that this was the first Protestant marriage that ever, with official sanction, took place in Rome, and it proved both fruitful and happy. Mr. Long remained in the capital of Christendom for about eight months, and then, accompanied by his wife, returned to Bath. Here he painted the portrait of Charles Greville, author of the well-known “Memoirs." This led to other conimissions, the late Lord Ellesmere's portrait among the rest. lle also visited Ireland about this time, and continued his practice in portraiture. Following thc cxample of the late Mr. Hurlstone, President of the Society of British Artists, and of John Phillip, R.A., he now went to Spain, and in the presence of jhe masterpieces of Velasqucz found fresh inspiration for his pencil. It was in or about 1860, in the Madrid Gallery, where he first met John Phillip. They were both occupied in copying the same noble works, and from this time forward Mr. Long became popularly known by the Spanish subjccts he exhibited in the Royal Academy and other London galleries. He is generally regarded as belonging to the Phillip school; but this impression arose more from his choice of similar subjects than from any slavish following of Phillip's method. Both artists went to the same great master, and each, after his own manner, utilized the silent teaching of Velasquez. In manipulation and colour Mr. Long is something between the pencilled preciousness of Sir Frederick Leighton and the masterly brush-liracur of the Spanish Phillip, and that something is all his own. In one of his frequent after-visits to Spain, Mr. Long embraced the opportunity, in 1875, of crossing over to Morocco, and since then he has visited Egypt and the East. We have no space to name, much less to give a critical estimate of, his many pictures. His “ Babylonian Marriage," a subject which he pondered in his mind for more than three years before ever he put pencil to canvas, his "Pool of Bethesda," his “Egyp'ian Feast," and last his beautiful and touching Diana or Christ?” which will doubtless beconie the most popular of all his works, are all lovingly fainiliar to the frequenters of the Royal Academy, and require no praise of ours. Mr. Long had conferred on him the full honours of the Academy on the 13th of July, and henceforth he takes his place as one of the recognized masters of thc British school. l'ersonally he is of medium height, with square, well-set shoålders; his hcad shows strength as well as shapeliness and faint touches of Tron-grcy appear here and there on his generous beard. In manner he is.quiet, but luis bright blue-grey eye makes up for any lack of demonstrativeness by its genial, kindly expression. It falls daily on beautiful belongings, and both in his home and in his family the new Academician is supremely blessed. 76 ·2 (From a photograph by Men's Hill and Saunders, Oxford.) The Rev. GEORGE GRANVILLE BRADLEY, LL.D. DEAN OF WESTMINSTER. AFPOINTED SEPTEMBER, 1881. WHEN death removed Dean Stanley from the scene of his labours, pâblic specelation was rife as to who would be deemed capable of carrying on the work inawgurated at Westminster, and many names were brought forward and their claims publicly discussed in the newspapers. In one or two instances it was almost authoritatively stated that such and such a man had been appointed, but 77 ·THE PICTORIAL YEAR BOOK OF CELEBRITIES. such statements were soon found to be nothing better than mere rumours; the wish was indeed the father to the thought in many of these instances. Whilst this clamour was going on, Mr. Gladstone had quietly singled out the man for the office, and expectation and hope were quietly ended by the appointment of Dr. Bradley. The Rev. George Granville Bradley, LL.D., Master of University College and Canon of Worcester, who has thus been appointed to the Deanery of Westminster in succession to the late Dean Stanley, is a son of the late Rev. Charles Bradley, Vicar of Glasbury, Brecknockshire, and Incumbent of St. James's, Clapisain, Surrey. He was born in 1822, and was educated at Rugby, under Dr. Arnold. He afterwards cntered University College, Oxford, where he took his Bachelor's degree as a first-class in litcris humanioribus, and he was for some time a Fellow of his college. He had conferred upon him the degree of LL.D). of the University of St. Andrew's in 1873. He was ordained deacon in 1858, having previously held for about twelve years an assistant mastership in Rugby School. Mr. Bradley was Head Master of Marlborough College from 1858 down to 1870, when he was appointed Master of University College, Oxford. He was appointed Examining Chaplain to the Archbishop of Canterbury in 1874, was Select Preacher at Oxford University in 1874-75, and Honorary Chaplain to the Queen from 1874 to 1876, when he was appointed Chaplain-in-Ordinary to Her Majesty. Though he has never come prominently before the general public, Dr. Bradley'is widely known and appreciated in scholastic and literary circles. He was a close friend and admirer of his predecessor, a pupil, like him, of Arnold, and one who has adhered to the religious school which Arnold did so much to found and Stanley to illustrate. The portion of his work by which he is perhaps best known is that which he accomplished as Head Master of Marlborough. It was during the twelve years of his head mastership, and owing to his energy and devotion, that Marlborough attained that high position in general estimation among our public schools that it has ever since occupied. And he was no less successful in training his assistant masters than in teaching his boys. While he was at Marlborough the school was a kind of nursery of head masters, on which other schools drew for their chiefs. Dr. Bradley's success at Oxford has been hardly less than his success at Marlborough. The head of a college has less influence on the direction of its destinies than the master of a school; the Fellows are practically the governing body, and the head is hardly more than primus inter pures. But in spite of the circumscribed character of his position, Dr. Bradley has been able, during the eleven years he has been Master of University College, to revivify its ancient glories, and make it, to a great extent, worthy of its trad: : tional founder. It is no secret that he found the college in rather a disorganized condition, and that he was disposed at first to be a little too radical and peremptory in his changes. The result has been that at the present time, after Balliol, which has long suffered no equal or second in academical distinctions, University ranks with Corpus and New College in the intellectual race. While he has been at Oxford, too, Dr. Bradley has taken a prominent part in academical affairs, and his appointment to succecd Lord Selborne as University Commissioner gave general satisfaction. The estimation in which he is held by the present rime Minister is sufficiently shown by the fact that he has made him, within fifteen months, University Commissioner, Canon of Worcester, and now Dean of Westminster. 78 ·TA 11. General CHESTER A. ARTHUR. APPOINTED, ON THE DEATH OF GENERAL GARFIELD, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, SEPTEMBER 22nd, 1881. DURING the protracted illness of General Garfield, who expired on the 19th September from the effects of the shots fired by Guiteau, the question of appointing a temporary successor to the Presidency was frequently discussed and it was urged that the Vice-President, General Arthur, should assume office without delay; but the American people trusted that General Garfield might recover, and therefore the consideration of the matter was put off from time to time until it became a matter of necessity, owing to General Garfield's demise, to appoint a president; and therefore, according to the constitutional laws of the United States, Mr. Chester A. Arthur became the acting President of the United States until the close of the Presidential term on March 4th, 1885. He is a native of New York State, having been born at Albany, the capital of the State in 1831. He was educated at Union College, Schenectady, where he graduated in due course. He subsequently entered the Albany Law School, a branch of the college, and after studying law for a short period was admitted to the Bar at an early age. During the War of Secession he took an active part 79 ·THE PICTORIAL YEAR BOOK OF CELEBRITIES. on the side of the Federals, and in the course of its progress was Quartermaster- General of the State of New York. Upon the conclusion of the war he again resumed his law practice, and is now head of the law firm of Messrs. Arthur Philips, Knevals, and Ransom. Appointed Collector of the Port of New York by President Grant in November, 1872, he held the office until July, 1878, when he was removed by President Hayes on the ground that he stood in the way of the success of the reforms of the Civil Service. President Arthur formally took the oath of office in the Marble Room of the Capitol, at Washington, at noon on Thursday, the 22nd September, in the presence of the Members of the Cabinct, the Judges of the Supreme Court, a few Senators and Members of Congress, General Sherman, General Grant, and other persons. The oath was administered by Chief Justice Waite. The ceremony took place by the advice of Mr. Blaine, Secretary of State. l'resident Arthur read the following address : For the fourth time in the history of the Republic its Chief Magistrate has been removed by death. All hearts are filled with grief and horror at the hideous crime which has darkened our land, and the memory of the murdered President, his protracted sufferings, his unyielding fortitude, the example and achievements of his life, and the pathos of his death will for ever illumine the pages of our history. For the fourth time the officer elected by the people and ordained by the Constitution to fill the vacancy so created is called to assume the executive Chair. The 'wisdom of our forefathers, foreseeing even the most dire possibilities, made it sure that the Government would never be imperilled because of the uncertainty of Human life. Men may die, but the fabric of our free institutions remains unshaken. No higher or more assuring proof could exist of the strength and permanence of popular government than the fact that, though the chosen of the people be struck down, his constitutional successor is peacefully installed without strain, except the sorrow which mourns the bereavement. All the noble aspirations of my lamented predecessor which found expression in his liſe, the mcasures devised and suggested during his brief administration to correct abuses and enforce economy, to ensure domestic security, and maintain friendly and honourable relations with the nations of the earth, will be garnered in the hcarts of the people; and it will be my earnest endeavour to profit, and to sce that the nation shall profit, by his example and experience. Prosperity blesses our country, our fiscal policy is fixed by law, is well grounded, and generally approved; no threatening issue mars our forcign intercourse ; and the wisdom, integrity, and thrift of our people may be trustedoto continue undisturbed the prosent assured career of peace, tranquillity, and welfare. The gloom and anxiety which have enshrouded the country must make repose especially welcome now. No demand for speedy legislation has been hcard, and no adequate occasion is apparent for an unusual session of Congress. The Constitution defines the functions and powers of the executive as clearly as those of either of the other two departments of the Government, and the President must answer for the just exercise of the discretion it permits and the performance of the duties it imposes. Summoned to those high duties and responsibilities, and profoundly conscious of their magnitude and gravity, I assume the trust imposed by the Constitution, wlying for aid on the Divine guidance, and the virtue, patriotism, and intelligence of the American people." So ·THE PICTORIAL YEAR BOOK OF CELEBRITIES. GENERAL GARFIELD. THE pages of history do not recall an instance of sufferings so heroically borne as was witnessed during those months of anxious watching, between July and and September 19th, when the life of General Garfield hung in the balance, Sufferings which were only to end in the death of the victim, but which were destined to cement the long-growing friendships of the old and new worlds. General Garfield had arrived at the Washington Station on Saturday, July 2nd, to take train to Long Branch, where he intended joining Mrs. Garfield, and whilst standing in one of the waiting-rooms he was shot at by Charles Guiteau, a disappointed office-seeker : two of the bullets took effect, and notwithstanding every exertion made by experienced surgeons, the unfortunate President, after almost unparalleled sufferings, expired at Long Branch on September 19th, 1881, General Garfield came of plain New England stock. His father, Abraham Garfield, a direct descendant of the stalwart Puritans, moved some sixty years ago from the State of New York to the township of Orange, Cuyahoga County, Ohio, where James was born on the 19th November, 1831. Two years later his father died, leaving a family of four children. His mother, a woman of unusual strength of character, managed by her exertions to keep the family together until the boys were old enough to earn their own living. But the land was poor, and it was hard work to get more than a scanty subsistence. Young Garfield's life was one of monotonous toil. He worked hard upon the farm in summer, and at the carpenter's bench in winter. He had an absorbing ambition to get an education, and the only road open to this end seemed that of manual labour. Ready money was hard to get in those days. The Ohio Canal ran not far from where he lived, and finding that the boatmen got their pay in cash, and earned better wages than he could make at farming or carpentry, he hired out as a driver on the tow-path, and soon got up to the dignity of holding the helm of a boat. Then he determined to ship as a sailor on the lakes, but an attack of fever and ague interfered with his plans. He was ill three months, and when he recovered he decided to go to a school called Geauga Academy, in an adjoining county. Ilis mother gave him a few dollars, some cooking utensils, and a stock of provisions. He hired a small room, and cooked his own food to make his expenses as light as possible. He paid his own way after that, never calling on his mother for any more assistance. By fuorking at the carpenter's bench mornings and evenings and vacation times, and teaching country schools during the winter, he managed to attend the academy during the spring and fall terms and to save a little money towards going to college. When he was twenty-three years old he entered the Junior Class at Williams College. He had saved about half enough money to pay the expenses of the A kind-hearted gentleman, many years his senior, who has ever since been one of his closest friends, loaned him the amount. So scrupulous was the young man about the payment of the debt that he got his life insured, and placed the policy in his creditor's hands. “If I live," he said, “I shall pay you; if I die, you will suffer no loss.” The debt was repaid soon after he graduated. He went to Williams College in the fall of 1854, and, as he had anticipated, passed the 81 6 course.

·THE PICTORIAL YEAR BOOK OF CELEBRITIES. examination of the Junior Class. Two years later he graduated, and bore off the metaphysical honour. Before he went to college, young Garfield had been connected with the Western sect of "The Disciples," founded by Alexander Campbell, and whose peculiar tenets were," no creed to express beliefs," hospitality, fraternity, and goodwill. To a struggling college of this sect at Hiram, Portage County, Ohio, Garfield was called as an instructor, and after two years he became President. It has often been said that he was at one time a minister. This is not true. The story. had a foundation, however, in the fact that he used to speak in the churches of the denomination. The Disciples at that time had no regular paid ministry; they Supported travelling elders, but the congregations had no pastors, and were usually addressed by some one among the members who had a natural talent for pulpit oratory. Garfield's purpose was to be a lawyer, and he had not swerved from it at the time he used to talk of religion and a future life to the little congregations in the Disciples' meeting-houses in Northern Ohio. He studied law diligently all the while, and was an ardent reader of general literature. During his connection with the college he was married, in 1858, to Miss Lucretia Rudolph, the daughter of a farmer. The match was one of love, and brought to the young man a mate of singular sweetness and congeniality of disposition, whose influence, example, and companionship have done much to shape his after-success. In 1859 his carecr as College President became merged in that of civic officer, and he was chosen State Senator, representing the two counties of Portage and Summit. Then came the stirring events of the war. Senator Garfield had already been 'singled out as a leader, and he entered the conflict with all the enthusiasm of an ardent Republican, a lover of the Union, and a hater of slavery. His military career was full of brave decds and arduous service for his country. He went into the war as Colonel of the 42nd Ohio Volunteers. He first smelt powder in Kentucky, where, after a toilsome march, he routed the rebels under Humphrey Marshall. Then the Colonel became a Brigadier-General, and took part in the battle of Pittsburg Landing and the siege of Corinth as Chief of Staff of the Army of the Cumberland. In the terrible battle of Chickamauga he had a horse shot under him, and his orderly was killed. Soon afterwards, " for gallant and meritorious services," he was promoted to a Major-Generalship. Before the battle of Chickamauga he had been elected a Representative to the thirty-eighth Congress. He took his seat in December, 1863, and was assigned to the Committee on Military Affairs. He was re-elected successively to the thirty-ninth, fortieth, forty-first, forter-second, forty-third, forty-fourth, forty-fifth and forty-sixth Congresses. During these several terms he has served as the Chairman of the Committee on Military Affairs, of the Committee on Banking and Currency, and of the Appropriations Committee. This last Chairmanship he held until 1875, when the Democrats came into power. Two years later, when James G Blaine went to the Senate, General Garfield became by common consent the Republican leader in the House-a position which he has maintained since. In January he was elecied to the Senate to fill the seat of Allen G. Thurman. He received the unanimous vote of the Republican caucus for this position, an honour never conferred before on any man by any'pafty, in Ohio. ever, 82 ·(l'run a photograph by the London Stereoscopic Company, legent Slicet.) The late General LORD AIREY. Born April 1st, 1803. Dicd September 4th, 1881, TIe Right Hon. Richard, Baron Airey, of Killingworth, in the county of Northumberland, G.C.B., K.C., Legion of Honour, and a Commander of the First Class of the Military Order of Savoy, General in the Army, died on the 14th September, 1881, at The Grange, Leatherhead. llis Lordship was born April ist, 1803, the eldest son of Lieutenant-General Sir George Airey, K.C.H., Colonel of the 39th Regiment, and received his education at Sandhurst. Ile entered the Army in 1821, as Ensign in the 34th Foot, of which regiment he became Lieutenant-Colonel in 1838. In early life he served as A.D.C. to the High Commissioner of the Ionian Isles and to the Governor of British North America; and subsequently, from 1852 to 1854, he was Military Secretary at the Horse Guards, and held the posts of Assistant Adjutant-General and Assistant Quartermaster-General. In 1854 he proceeded as Acting Quartermaster-General of the Forces to the Crimea, and in the Balaklava Charge was one of the “ Light Brigade "—the “Six Hundred." He was also distinguished at the Battles of the Alma and Inkerman. Sir Richard, created a Knight Commander of the Bath in 1855, was Governor of Gibraltar from 1865 to 1870, and was Adjutant-General at head-quarters from 1870 to 1875. He was promoted to be G.C.B. in 1867, and raised to the Peerage in 1876. He was Colonel, successively, of the 17th and the 7th Regiments. As Lord Airey leaves no male issue the title is extinct. 83 6 ·(From a photograph by the Lundon Stereoscopic Company, Regent Strect.) The late Sir JOHN KARSLAKE, Q.C. ness. The illness from which the Right Hon. Sir John Karslake, Q.C., had so long suffered, terminated fatally on Tuesday evening, the 4th October, 1881, at his residence, 7 Chester Square, S.W. The lcarned gentleman had been in ill-health since 1874, when he was obliged to resign his Attorney-Generalship in consequence of failing sight, an affiction which subsequently resulted in total blind- Sir John Burgess Karslake was the second son of Mr. Henry Karslake, a solicitor, practising in Regent Street and Queen Square, Bloomsbury, by his first wife, Elizabeth Marsh, eldest daughter of Mr. Richard Preston, Q.C., who was for some time M.P. for Ashburton. He was born at Bensham, Surrey, in 1821, was educated at Harrow School, and called to the Bar at the Middle Temple in 1846, when he chose tiñe Western Circuit, of which he eventually became one of the leaders, and by the members of which, as well as by his colleagues on both sides of the House of Commons, he was much esteemed. Soon obtaining a large practice, especially in heavy arbitration cases, he received the honour of silk in 1861, was subsequently made a Bencher of his Inn, and in 1873 was appointed treasurer. He first entered Parliament as Member for Andover in the Conservative interest in February, 1867, having been appointed Solicitor-General in the preceding November. He was made Attorney-General in July, 1867, and continued to hold that office till the general election of December, 1868, when the Conservative Government, having been defeated at the polling booths, resigned. At that election the deceased gentleman did not offer himself for re-election for Andover, preferring to contest the city of Exeter. 84 ·THE PICTORIAL YEAR BOOK OF CELEBRITIES. There, however, he was unsuccessful, and he did not again obtain a seat in the House until December, 1873, when he was returned for the borough of Huntingdon, which constituency he continued to represent until he finally retired into private life in February, 1876. On the formation of Mr. Disraeli's second Administration in February, 1874, Sir John Karslake was again appointed Attorney-General, but was compelled to resign that office two months later in .consequence of his failing sight. He received the honour of Knighthood in January, 1867, and was sworn a member of the Privy Council in March, 1876, after his retirement from Parliament. Commenting on the death of Sir John Karslake, the Standard remarlmed :- “He was a man eminently distinguished, universally esteemed, and--by those who had the fortune to know him-warmly loved. His success at the Bar was something remarkable. There were, it is true, certain advantages in his favour. He was a public-school man, educated at Harrow. He was the son of a solicitor in large practice, and so could, early in his career, command business and secure a start. He was also a man of imposing personal presence, and when he rose in Court he not only demanded but compelled attention. In any profession he would have made his mark; at the Bar his success was a certainty. And this too, above all things, because his honour was unblemished, and judges and jurors alike knew that whatever he said, or whatever statement he pledged himself to, might be at once implicitly accepted. He was not an orator, unless the occasion roused him to effort; but both in debate and in argament he was polished and measured. Amongst his friends--and he never made an enemyit was said that he was not only a gentleman, but that he was the most handsome gentleman in England. 'Felix et pulcher et acer; Felix et pulcher et nobilis et generosus. "Nobilis' he became early in his career, for he was made Solicitor- General when only forty-five years of age. A few months later he was appointed Attorney-General, and it is beyond question that he would have attained the highest honours of the Judicial Bench had not the terrible calamity of blindness suddenly fallen upon him when he was in the very zenith of his career. How bravely he bore himself under this cruel blow of fate, those alone can know whose privilege it was to meet him. He had been not only a distinguished advocate, but a man with a strong love of all that is healthy and joyous : a keen yachtsman, a good shot, a bold rider to hounds,-a man, in fact, to whom every hour of his life brought either well-earned pleasure or honourable work; and then, with the suddenness of a thunderbolt, there fell on him all the suffering of Samson in his prison-house at Gaza. His heart was broken. The end was certain, : although a fine constitution enabled him to linger heroically on in slow suffering for many long and weary years. How dull it is to pause ; to make an end; to rust unburnished; not to shine in use : as though to breathe were life.' It is pitiful indeed to see a great career wrecked by so miserable a spite of fate. For indeed, apart from his abilities, Sir John Karslake had qualities that deserved His manners were those of the grand old school that is now fast passing away. He was frank, conciliatory, and even winning; and, above all, he was charitable in the truest sense of the word-always seeking occasion to do goed without being discovered in its performance." success. 85 ·MAN A. IN BAN ve w a ser we IS 45 The late BARON HAYMERLE. SECRETARY OF STATE FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF THE AUSTRO- HUNGARIAN EMPIRE. BARON HAYMERLE, the Austro-Hungarian Minister of Foreign Affairs, dica suddenly on the roth October, 1881. The sad event took place about half-past three o'clock, and is attributed to heart disease. Baron Heinrich Karl Haymerle, who, since the retirement of Count Andrassy in October, 1879, has occupied the important post of Austrian Minister of Foreign Affairs, was descended from a German family long settled in Bohemia. He was born in 1828, in Vienna, where, with a view to entering the Austrian diplomatic service, he finished his education at the Higher Academy of Oriental Languages. From Vienna he was sent in 1850 to Constantinople as Assistant Interpreter at the Austrian Embassy. During the Crimcan War he followed Omar Pacha in the Danubian campaign in order to protect the interests of Austrian subjects. In 1857 he went to Athens as Secretary of Legation, and subsequently acted there as Chargé d'Affaires. In 1861 we find him, as Secretary of Legation, at Dresden and Frankfort. After the last Dano-German War he was sent t& 86 ·THE PICTORIAL YEAR BOOK OF CELEBRITIES. Copenhagen to restore friendly relations between Denmark and Austria; and at the close of the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 he assisted in the peace negotiations at Prague. He now for some months filled the post of Chargé d'Affaires at Berlin. From the Prussian capital Count Beust, the then Premier of Austria, summoned the rising diplomatist to assist, in a subordinate capacity, in that office of which he was destined one day to become, and indeed to die, the chief. From the Vienna Foreign Office, however, he was soon transferred successively to Constantinople and Athens, in which latter capital he was acting as Chargé d'Affaires at the time of the visit of the Emperor Francis Joseph to the King of the Hellenes. In 1872 he was appointed Minister at the Hague, and is 1876, for his numerous important services, he was raised to the rank of Baron. It was not till 1877 that he attained the rank of Ambassador, upon the occasion of a change in the diplomatic representation of Austria in the Italian capital. After this the rise of Baron Haymerle to the highest post open to the ambition of an Austrian diplomatist was as rapid as it was unforeseen. The occasion came in the following year, when he was summoned to assist Count Andrassy as third representative of Austria at the Congress of Berlin. Upon Count Andrassy's retirement from office in 1879, Baron Haymerle was appointed his successor, a position he occupied up to the time of his death. Mr. ALDERMAN ELLIS. MR. ALDERMAN ELLIS, Lord Mayor of London for 1881-82, was born (we learn from the City Press) at Richmond, Surrey, in the year 1829. He was educated at Richmond, under the care of the Rev. William Allen. When he was fifteen years of age he was articled to Messrs. Musgrove and Gadsden, Old Broad Street, and in 1854 he became partner in the firm, which is now known under the style of Farebrother, Ellis, Clarke, and Co., Mr. Alderman Ellis being, however, the sole partner. •The range of buildings extending from 18 Old Broad Street to Threadneedle Street, were planned and executed by him. In 1858 Mr. Ellis married the third daughter of Mr. John Staples, of Belmont, Salisbury. He entered the Court of Common Council in 1864, having previously served in various offices connected with his parish. On the fact of Sir John Musgrove's intended retirement becoming known, an address signed by upwards of eight hundred inhabitants of the ward was presented to Mr. Ellis, soliciting him to come forward as a candidate for the vacant gown, to which he was unanimously elected. He is a member of the Court of the Merchant Taylors' Company, and has been engaged in agricultural pursuits for some years in the Parish of Byfleet, Surrey, where he is well known as a liberal and philanthropic supporter of the various institutions of the neighbourhood. Mr. Alderman Ellis's town residence is 137 Westbourne Terrace, W. Mr. Alderman Ellis's Mayoralty will be rendered memorable from the fact that it was he who inaugurated the fund for the relief of those persons in Ireland who had been rendered destitute by the non-payment of rent, and for the defence of property and person. 87

·CIUS
(From a photograph by Mr. A. Fradelle, 246 Regent Street, W.)
Mr. ALDERMAN ELLIS,
LORD MAYOR OF LONDON.-1881-82.
88

·(From a photograph by Mr. C. Wathens, 'Torriano Avenue, N.W), LORD JUSTICE LINDLEY. LORD JUSTICE LINDLEY (Sir Nathaniel Lindley), who was appointed on the 27th October, 1881, to fill the vacancy in the Court of Appeal by the retirement of Lord Justice Bramwell, was born in 1828, and educated at University College. Having been called to the Bar at the Middle Temple in 1850, he practised at the Chancery Bar, and became a Q.C. in 1872. He was elevated to the Bench in 1875, and soon afterwards became a Judge of the High Court of Justice (Common Law Division). His Lordship is succeeded in this latter Division by Mr. Ford North, Q.C. Speaking of this appointment the Daily News remarks :- _" The general public cnly knows the new Lord Justice as a patient, acute, and courteous Judge. In the legal profession his reputation for learning and ability is equal, if enot superior, to that of any puisne upon the Bench. His book on the law of partnership has long been a standard work, and his acquaintance with the Roman law and with foreign jurisprudence is such as very few English judges have acquired. Having practised at the Equity Bar and sat upon the Common Law Bench, Sir Nathaniel Lindley is peculiarly fitted to assist in carrying out the fusion of once conflicting principles which was formally effected by the Judicature Act of 1873. 89 ·(l roin a photograph by Me-srs. Elliott and kiy, Baker Street ) The Hon. SACKVILLE SACKVILLE-WEST. THE Hon. Lionel Sackville Sackville-West, who was appointed in October, 1881, English representative at Washington, is a son of the fifth Earl de la Warr, and was born in 1827. His public career began in 1845, when he served as Assistant Précis-Writer to the late Earl of Aberdeen. "in 1847 he served in the Foreign Office. Between that date and 1858 he served successively as Attaché to the Legations of Lisbon, Naples, Stuttgardt, Berlin, and Turin, at which latter Court be was Chargé d'Affaires till 1863. He was then transferred to Madrid, where he was Chargé d'Affaires till 1867. After being promoted to the Secretaryship of the Berlin Embassy, he was in 1868 transferred to Paris, where between that date and 1872 he was on several occasions Minister Plenipotentiary in the absence of the Ambassador. In that year he was promoted to be Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the Argentine Republic, and in 1878 was appointed to fulfil the same important functions in Spain. He received that which in the present day is perhaps almost the most important of all our diplo. matic appointments, namely, the Ambassadorship at Washington, Sir Edward Thornton having expressed a wish to retire. Sir Edward Thornton left the United States amid kindly ci pressions of farewell, both from President Axthur and other eminent Americans, while Mr. West has received a hospitable welcome both from the English, Scotch, and Irish Societies, as well as from the citizens of the Republic. W 90 ·wer (l'ron a photograph by Mi. Samuel Walker, 230 Regent Sucel. The late Mr. MACDONALD, M.P. Born 1821. Dica 3130 October, 1881. MR. ALEXANDER MACDONAID, M.P. for Stafford, who died at Wellhall, Hamilton, Lanarkshire, on October 31st, 1881, was born in the year 1821. He was a native of New Monkland, in Lanarkshire, and in his eighth year he began to work alongside his father, who, originally a sailor, was at that time following the calling of a miner. The only education he received was at evening schools, but in this way he made such progress as to be able to take advantage during two sessions of certain classes at Glasgow University. Having known from his childhood the extreme hardship which miners then endured, Mr. Macdonald, according to his own testimony, at a very early age formed the resolution to endeavour to ameliorate their condition. He came first prominently forward among his fellow-workmen during a strike which occurred in Lanarkshire, and from that time till his death he has devoted most of his efforts to their service. Up till the year 1851 he was employed as a working miner. For four or five ycars subsequent to 1851 he was a country schoolmaster, and since that time he has filled various positions in connection with English and Scottish Miners Associations. He has taken an active part in the passing of the numerous measures which hate for their object the improvement of the miners' condition, and, except during a brief period at the beginning of the last commercial crisis, when he lost the confidence of the Scottish miners, he was the trusted adviser of the men. At the general election of 1874 he was returned for Stafford as an advanced Liberal; and at the last election he was again relurned. 91 ·SY CES 2 DEE 101 (from a photograph by Messrs. Lock & Whitfield, 179 Regent Street.) . Lieutenant-General Sir GARNET WOLSELEY. AVJUTANT-GENERAL OF THE FORCES. IN' November, 1881, the PICTORIAL WORLD said : -The appointment of Sir Garnet Wolseley to the Adjutant-Generalship of the Forces is at last an aocomplished fact, despite the opposition of adverse critics, and the gallant Genetal will enter on the duties of his office on the ist April, 1882. Despite many prejadices against the appointment, there can be no doubt that Sir Garnet has shown 92 ·THE PICTORIAL YEAR BOOK OF CELEBRITIES. himself thoroughly capable, and as, at the time of his being appointed to the command of the Ashantee campaign he was carrying out the duties of Assistant Adjutant-General, the knowledge there gained should be of the utmost service. Sir Garnet Joseph Wolseley comes of an old Staffordshire family, the Wolseleys of Wolseley Hall. His father, Major G. J. Wolseley, 25th Regiment, was of Golden Bridge House, county Dublin, where the subject of our present memoir was born on June 4th, 1833, so that he is now in the forty-ninth ycar of his age. 'Of his childhood and boyhood we have no record, but in March, 1852, he entered the army, and very soon after smelt powder, for in 1853, as ensign, he took part in the Burmese War, and led the storming-party upon Myat-toon, when he was shot down by a ball, which tore away the muscle and flesh of the left thigh. He was thus compelled to return to England, though his name was already mentioned in the despatches. But Mr. Wolseley was not the man to shirk work longer than was absolutely necessary, and when the Russian War broke out he was ready for active service, and in December of 1854 landed in the Crimea with the goth Light Infantry, and from that time until the actual fall of Sebastopol he served in the trenches as an assistant-engineer. In the work of the trenches, in the attack on the Quarries, in the assault of June 18th, and in the third, fourth, and'fifth bombardment of Sebastopol, young Wolseley rendered such conspicuous services that we find his name frequently mentioned in the despatches; but on the 30th August, whilst in charge of the advanced sap, and during a sortie of the Russians, he received such injuries to his head and face from splinters of stone caused by a round shot striking a gabion, that not only was he compelled to retire on the sick list, but his eyesight was considered for some time to be in peril. But with grcat care this calamity was averted, and he once more joined his regiment, and was wrecked in 1857 in the Straits of Banca whilst procecding in H.M.S. Transit to China ; and when the Indian Mutiny broke out the name of Captain Wolseley was once again in the list of those who were doing gallant service for their country's honour. He took part in the relief of Lucknow, at the sitge and capture of the same place, and at the defence of the Alumbagh by Sir James Outram, together with the several engagements which took place in connection with that terrible struggle. After this he was in Oude with Sir Hope Grant, to whose force he acted as, Quartermaster-General. During the numerous engagements of 1858 and 1859 he was present at Baree, Nawabgunji, and other places; and in 1860 he served upon the Quartermaster-General's staff during the Chinese War, and was present at the taking of the Taku forts. Colonel Wolseley was sent to Canada during the period when difficulties were threatened with the United States, owing to the affair of the Ttcnt, at the time of the American Civil War, and though his services were not then required, Colonel Wolseley visited the Confederate camp, when he gained much practical knowledge. In December, 1862, the troubles with the Red River Settlement broke out, which gave him more active work. It was, however, his conduct of the Ashantee War that brought Sir Garnet Wolseley so prominently before the public. At that time he was holding the position of Assistant Adjutant-General at the Horse-Guards. The courage, determination, and above all the excellent generalship with which this entcrprise was conducted, are too well known to need repetition here. For these services Sir Garnet Wolseley received the thanks of both Houses of Parliament, a grant of £25,000, and an offer of a baronetcy, which latter was, however, declined. He was in 1870 created a C.B. and K.C.M.G., and in 1875 K.C.B. and 93 ·THE PICTORIAL YEAR BOOK OF CELEBRITIES. G.C.M.G. In 1875 Sir Garnet went on a special mission to Natal, which was more of a political than military character. After some months' sojourn as ad interim Governor of Natal, Sir Garnet returned to England, and was made a member of the Indian Council until 1878, when he retired to undertake the duties of High Commissioner and Commander-in-Chief of the Island of Cyprus in May, 1879. After the Islandhwana disaster Sir Garnet Wolseley was selected to undertake the command of the forces in South Africa, and though the Zulu War was practically over on his arrival, yet he used all the powers he possessed to settle the difficult questions relating thereto in a satisfactory way. From 1874 10 1876 Sir Garnet was Inspector-General of the Auxiliary Forces, during which period he made himself immensely popular with the volunteers. Sir Garnet was inarried, in 1867, to Louisa, daughter of A. Erskine, Esq. Mrs. SURR. The case of the St. Paul's Industrial School was brought to the public notice, chiefly through the exertions of two ladics, Mrs. Surr and Miss Helen Taylor, and also from the fact of some of the wretched inmates being charged with attempted arson. Upon their trial facts were given which clearly proved that these children had been treated most brutally and shamefully neglected ; an investigation was ordered by the School Board and the Home Office, but neither was prosecuted to the full extent, and finally the Home Office asserted that there was not sufficient material to justify a criminal prosecution, and abandoned the inquiry. The scandal has, we have said, brought prominently before the public the nanie of a lady who will be always remembered for the courageous way in which she advocated the cause of the ill-used, uncared-for little inmates of that institution; and though the Chairman of the Board, Mr. Buxton, and Mr. Lyulph Stanley, and several other members have covertly sneered at Mrs. Surr's efforts, the public know how to appreciate the latter as much as they despise the former. Mrs. Surr is the fourth daughter of the late Dr. Grabham, a physician of some note and standing, and the wife of Mr. Joseph Surr, a inerchant of high standing in the City and a member of the Common Council of the City of London. For many years past she has been known under the nom dle plume of Josephine, as a writer of books, principally for children, her best known works being " Pleasant Rhymes for Little Readers," "Our Children's Pets,” “Good Out of Evil," “Sea Birds," and "Stories about Dogs," all of which are written with much delicacy. and tenderness. In addition to these Mrs. Surr is an occasional contributor to the Leisure Hour and Sunday at Home. In a recent number of the Nineteenth Century she contributed an excellent paper upon the treatment of juvenile criminals. It is now five years since she was induced to become a candidate for the London School Board. She was at once returned, and early made her mark at the Board by her courageous opposition to the extravagance Coanected with the training-ship Shaftesbury, and the mismanagement of the Upton House Industrial School. At the last general election she was returned for the Finsbury Division at the head of the poll by an immense majority, and should she again become a candidate at the next clection (which we most sincerely hope she will. 94

·(From a photograph by Messrs. Lock and Whitfield.)
Mrs. SURR,
MEMBER OF THE LONDON SCHOOL BOARD, FINSBURY DIVISION.
+
do), we have no doubt that her many valuable services will again place her in
that, honourable position. In the many schools of her own district we are
assured that Mrs. Surr is exceedingly popular, for she ever has a bright smile
and a few pleasant sentences for the children, and a word of encouragement for
the teachers.
95

·(From a photograph by Mr. Charles Watkins, Torriano Avenue, N.W.) The late Mr. G. E. STREET, R.A. Born May, 1824. Died December 18th, 1831. In the death, on the 18th December, 1881, of Mr. George Edmund Street, R.A., architecture and archæology, as expressed under the mediæval revival of the past forty years, lost one of their very foremost exponer. For a period of some thirty years he stood in the front rank of those who in the practice of architecture held that an art dead and gone could possibly be rehabilitated and be made to live again! It is instructive here to note that the three most prominent and ablest champions of this doctrine-namely, Scott, Street, and Burgess 96 ·THE PICTORIAL YEAR BOOK OF CELEBRITIES. -upon whom fell the task of vindicating the "revival” proclaimed by Augustus Welby Pugin, lived to see the expiring days of the moveinent to which, in full faith, they had devoted their lives. If antiquarian knowledge and extraordinary energy in its expression could revivify an ancient art, the works and advocacy of such men would have secured the result, especially linked as they were with the church movenient of kindred spirit. Mr. Street was born at Woodford, in Essex, in May, 1824. He therefore had reached his fifty-eighth year. He was educated at the Collegiate School at Camberwell. At Winchester he entered the office of Mr. Owen B. Carter. Afterwards he became an assistant under Mr., afterwards Sir Gilbert, Scott, in whose office he soon asserted the tokens of that talent and energy which led him to the highest honours of his profession. Soon after he started work on his own account, and made his mark by taking the second prize in the competition for the new cathedral for Lille. From this time George Street was constantly forcing his way to the front. He published his “Brick and Timber Architecture in Italy," and afterwards a work on the architecture of Spain ; also he was a frequent contributor of articles and letters to the periodicals and papers devoted to the interests of his profession. His works cnumerated make a long list. Amongst them will be found--the Memorial Church, Constantinople; the new American Church in Rome; another in Rome, now in progress for an English Church. He also designed a specially important Church for the Americans in Paris. He built All Saints' Church, Clifton; the Church of St. James the Less, Westminster; St. Philip and St. James, Oxford; St. Peter's, Bournemouth; and many others. It will be seen that his work lay chiefly in connection with the Church; but his immense undertaking in the new Law Courts will show how he could apply the style of his adoption for secular purposes. His facility of draughtsmanship and fertility for resource in design were very remarkable. llis capacity, too, for work was seemingly inexhaustible; but it may be questioned if his strong constitution did not coinpass its own fall, for a spirit like his could not consent to the repose which might have saved it. For some months past it became evident that he was no longer the man he had been. At length the ominous warning came. I'aralytic symptoms appeared; and on the 16th the visitation was repeated with such severity as leſt room for no hope. On the 18th he passed to his rest, leaving an only son, who follows his father's profession. Mr. Street was at the time of his death President of the Royal Institute of • British Architects, Treasurer and Professor of Architecture of the Royal Academy. He was, on Thursday last, buried at Westminster Abbey. “Thus," remarked the Athenarum," a veritable leader, who towered among the architects of our day, has been taken away in the fulness of his energies and powers, and when about to enjoy the success of the completion of the most difficult public task of its kind which has been given to any Englishman since Barry, more than a generation since, was charged to erect the Houses of Parlizment. The Courts of Justice are almost entirely finished; little more than carpentry rertains to be executed, and for that the whole of the designs were long ago provided by Street; even the details were contrived by him, and no small portion of them were delineated by his hands. An indefatigable draughtsman, he super- 'intended and revised all ihat was beyond his reach. When this gigantio task 97 7 ·THE PICTORIAL YEAR BOOK OF CELEBRITIES. was thus far complete he set about to maintain, if not to increase, that large private practice which had fallen to him before the Courts were begun (and had never been in abeyance), because, as he told us, "there would otherwise be nothing for me to do," a state of things intolerable to one of his energetic habits, while in the very prime of a great professional career and not quite fifty-seven years of age. Never was there an architect who drew more than he did; draughtsmanship, which here includes designing, was his delight; learning, and the very spirit of Gothic architecture, gave to all he did a character quite different from the works of too many of the moderns, who patch together fragments from the paitern books without organization, and with only the expression, not the serviceableness, of antiquity. Delight in the exercise of his own well-cultivated powers, the utmost conscientiousness in the execution of his tasks, unappeasable avidity for labour, had already carried him to the summit of his profession, and when, quite lately, he addressed an important assembly of his brethren, nearly every one prescrít recognized in him the leader of the architects of Ergland. Strong as he was, he died a victim to overwork, and this was due not to the fact that he undertook tasks which others had to perform, but because he would do whatever he undertook, or, at least, see that it was perfectly well done. From Dunecht to Dorsetshire, from Dublin to Constantinople, from Exeter, from York from Norwich, Vevey, Lausanne, Mürren, Rome, and Kildare come testimonies to the thoroughness of his work, to his honourable fulfilment of his ideas of faithful service, and the admirableness of his artistic achievements. If anything could reconcile us to the practice of "restoration," it would be what Street did to the south transept of York Minster; if any man has been able, without plagiarizing, to harmonize his work with that of a powerful ancient Gothic architect, it was Street when he built a new nave for the cathedral at Bristol. Even the "anti-restorationists” owe much to him; for it was due to the weight of his carguments and his irrefutable demonstrations that the hand of the destroyer was stayed while in full swing on the façade of St. Mark's at Venice." The late LORD JUSTICE LUSH. THE Right Hon. Sir Robert Lush, one of the Lord Justices of the Court of Appeal, died on Tuesday, the 27th December, 1881, at his residence in the Avenue Road, Regent's Park. He had been suffering for some time from impaired health, and he had been much affected by the death of his wife a few months since. It was hoped that the indisposition from which he suffered about a month since was but temporary, and that he would be enabled to reoccupy the judicial bench in a few days. Accordingly it was arranged that he should şit at Lincoln's Inn on the 12th December, but when that day arrived his indisposition had not improved, and he was again unable to appear in Court. The late Sir Robert Lush was the son of Mr. Robert Lusil, of Shaftesbury, Wiltshire, by his union with Lucy, daughter of Mr. T. Foote, of Tolland, in the same county. He was born on October 25th, 1807, and was accordingly in the seventy-fifth year of his age. He was educated at Shaftesbury, and subsequently copring to London, studied law, and was called to the Bar at Gray's Inn in 1840.

·na MU (From a photograph by the London Stereoscopic Company, R-gent Street. The late LORD JUSTICE LUSH. Born October 25th, 1807. Died December 27th, 1881. For some time he practised as a special pleader, but afterwards went the Horhe Circuit, and, obtaining a large practice, was created a Queen's Counsel in 1857. .In November, 1865, he was appointed one of the Justices of the Court of Queen's ench, receiving the honour of knighthood on the occasion. In November, 1875, he became a Judge of the High Court of Justice (Queen's Bench Division), as 99 ·THE PICTORIAL YEAR BOOK OF CELEBRITIES. constituted or reconstituted by the Judicature Act. As a Judge of this Court, he, with the late Lord Chief Justice Cockburn and the late Mr. Justice Mellor, was engaged in the great trial at Bar of the Tichborne Claimant. In the course of 1880 he was transferred to the Court of Appeal, having in 1878 been nominated a member of the Royal Commission appointed to inquire into the provisions of the Draft Code relating to Indictable Offences. Sir Robert Lush was the author of the well-known work“ Lush's Practice of the Superior Courts,” published in. 1846 ; of “ Notes on the New Will Act, and an Act for Abolishing Arrest for Debt." In 1839 he married Elizabeth Ann, the daughter of the late Rev. Ghristophet Woollacott, a Baptist minister, and by her leaves issue. Both Sir Robert and his wife were members of the Baptist Church, and his decease will be as much regretted by his co-religionists as by his professional brethren. “Lord Justice Lush was," says the Standard," by the common consent not of the profession only, but of the general public, one of the most learned amongst Her Majesty's Judges. Nor was this all. Ile had commenced life in a oemparatively humble position. Stories of this kind are usually found apocryphal when, we attempt to follow them out into detail. But it is certain that Mr. Lush commenced his professional career with a store of legal knowledge which the majoriíy of his seniors must have envied him, and althoug*for some time the chances and vicissitudes of legal fortune opposed him, he yet, after seventeen years of patient industry, attained the dignity of a silk gown. From that moment his success became assåred. Although no orator, he was a consummate lawyer; and, above all, he was known to be of unblemished honour-incapable of misrepresentation or exaggeration: In that peculiar class of Nisi Prius cases which is chiefly watched for by the general public he was not largely concerned. But he soon acquired a heavy mercantile practice, and his opinion on doubtful points of law was in universal request. After eight years' practice as a leader he was raised to the Bench, and in 1880 he became a Lord Justice of Appeal. His career has been: uneventſul, but not on that account the less dignified. He was never a politician; he never sat in the House of Commons; nor was he cver one of the Law Officers of the Crown. But he had the most unbounded confidence of the profession, of litigants, and of the public. He was a most painstaking and conscientious Judge. He made it his duty, in every case that came before him, to search into the merits, and to seek out every point, cither of law or of fact, however minute. He thus acquired a reputation for that vast impartiality which he in reality possessed. His elevation to the Bench was long forcseen. But it was further known that he would be a thoroughly impartial Judge, incapable of going beyond the facts on the record, or of allowing any extraneous circumstances, however notorious, to influence his decision. His elevation to the Court of Appeal was also a matter of certainty, and the only wonder in connection with it was that it should have been so long delayed. For, in truth, the powers of Sir Robert Lush were wasted at Nisi Prius, and his full strength and his immense impartiality only came out when a xed point of law had to be argued." THE END. I0O

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