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·PUBLISHER'S NOTE The Great mind which rendered into English, the Great Discourse of Shri Gupa-Bhadra-áchárya, left the corporeal tenement known as J. L Jaini, long before this rendering, which is now fresented to the public, was out of the printer's hand We are thus deprived of the Author's preface And those who have read his prefaces, introducing the two volumes of Gommatsára hnow, what a condensed essence of learning, what a fascinating presentment of matter, subtle and sublime, the introductory passages from the pen of J L Jaini, contain Atmánushásana is, as the very name literally indicates, a discourse divine for the Divinity in man Each and every one of the 270 verses, is an exhortation in language, simple, persuasive, penetrating, forceful, and effective, to the Átman, the I, the Ego, the Self, to separate its own Self from the non-átman, the non-I, the non-Ego, the non-Self This supreme separation is the complete victory of the Soul over Sın, Sorrow, and Death, and is Moksha, Freedom, or Liberation, absolute, perfect, eternal, and everlasting AJITASARAY, LUCK NOW, Phálguna Púrpima, 2453 v s The 6th March, 1928 A D AJIT PRASADA.

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·ॐ
THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE JAINAS,
आत्मानुशासनम्
ATMANUSHASANA.
मङ्गलाचरणम्
लक्ष्मीनिवासनिलयं विलीनविलयं निधाय हृदि वीरम् ।
घात्मानुशासनमहं वक्ष्ये मोक्षाय भव्यानाम् ॥ १ ॥
BENEDICTION.
1. Cherishing in the heart Vira (Mahavira the 24th
Tirthankara), who is the place of residence of Lakshmi
(perfection), whose sins have been destroyed, I dés-
cribe Átmánushásana for the attainment of libezation by
those who are capable of being liberated.
Commentary.
Vira The last Tirthankara Mahavira Svámi is often referred
to by four other names, Vira, Vardhamāna, Ati-viia, and Sanmath.
Lakshmi is the goddess presiding over riches, knowledge, science,
and arts in perfection The word as used here refers to the attain.
ment of inherent perfection, infinite-conation, infinite-knowledge,
nfinite rower and infinite-happiness, etc It also refers to the
Super-glory of the Hall of Audience (Samosarana) of the Lord,
where the Arhats preside and where discourses emanate from him.
Almanushasana, is the name of this book Literally, it means
Self-culture, or Self-education
Bhavyanam. For the good of the Liberable that is, those who
are inclined to listen and derive benefit from the discourses hereby
given
दुःखाद्विभपि नितरामभिवाञ्छसि सुखमतोऽहमप्यात्मन् ।
दुःखापहारि सुखकरमनुशास्मि तवानुमतमेव ॥२॥
2. Oh soul ! thou art always afraid of pain, and desi-
rous of pleasure. Therefore I also offer thee the object of
thy desire, which tends to give pleasure and remove pain.
यद्यपि कदाचिदस्मिन् विपाकमधुरं तदा तु कटु किञ्चित् ।
त्वं तस्मान्मा भैपीर्यथातुरो भेषजादुग्रात् ॥ ३ ॥

·2 THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE JAINAS. 3. If perchance, in this (advice), there be something which though sweet at fruition, is yet urpalatable, be thou not afraid of that, just as a sick person is not (afraid) of bitter medicine. जना धनाश्च वाचालाः सुलभाः स्युईथोत्थिताः। दुर्लभा वन्तरार्दास्ते जगदभ्युज्जिहीर्षयः ॥ ४ ॥ 4. Persons, who are vain and full of talk and clouds which thunder but give no rain, are easy to find But it is difficult to find those kind-hearted persons who desire to uplift the world, just as it is difficult to find clouds, full of rain and beneficial to the world. प्राज्ञः प्राप्तसमस्तशास्त्रहृदयः प्रव्यक्तलोकस्थितिः . प्रास्ताशः प्रतिभापरः प्रशमवान् प्रागेव दृष्टोत्तरः। प्रायः प्रश्नसहः प्रभुः परमनोहारी परानिन्दया याद्धर्मकथां गणी गुणनिधिः प्रस्पष्टमिष्टाक्षरः ॥५॥ 5. He, who is wise, well-versed in the essence of the Jaina scriptures, aware of the ways of the world, with no sense-desires, brilliant, calm-minded, ever ready with answers, patient of a volley of questions, powerful, attracting other minds, leader of Saints, a repository of good qualities, and with speech clear and sweet, should deliver religious discourses without speaking all of others, श्रुतमविकलं शुद्धा वृत्तिः परप्रतियोधने , परिणतिरुरूद्योगो मार्गप्रवर्तनसद्विधौ। वुधनुतिरनुत्सेको लोकज्ञता मृदुता स्पृहा यतिपतिगुणा यस्मिन्नन्ये च सोऽस्तु गुरुः सताम् ॥ ६ ॥ 6. Perfect knowledge of the scripture; pure conduct; inclination to pursuade others (to the right path); keen interest in the propagation of the right path (of liberation); obeisance to the learned; pride-less-ness; knowledge of the world; gentleness ; desire-less-ness; whoever possesses these and other qualities of the leader of ascetics, be he the Teacher of worthy people.

·ATMANUSHASANA. Commentary. In Shlokas 5 and 6 the highest qualities of a model expounder of the scriptures in the highest degree are given the relation between the teacher and the taught is, however, a comparative one and it is rot meant by the above Shlokas to exclude or disqualify one who does not possess the above qualities in the fullest degree, from cypounding the principles of Truth to those whose knowledge is inferior to his भव्यः किं कुशलं ममेति विशन दुःखाभृशं भीतिमान सौख्यैषी श्रवणादिबुद्धिविभवः श्रुत्वा विचार्य स्फुटम् । धम्मै शर्मकरं दयागुणमयं युक्त्यागमाभ्यां स्थितम् गृहन् धर्मकां श्रुतावधिकृतः शास्यो निरस्ताग्रहः ॥७॥ 7. The promising one, who ponders over the sum. miun.bonum for the self, is rely anvious to avoid (vrouldly) sulierings, scels happiness, whose intellectual gi eatness hes in listening, (retaining) etc, who haring heard pro. poily meditates upon Truth, which lrings (eternal) happi- ICSE, is ull of the quality of compassion, and is established by reason, and scriptural authority, and (then) accepts the sacred doctrine, being guided by the scriptures, and rid of obstmacy-such a person is worthy of being taught. पापादुःखं धर्मात्सुखमिति सर्वजनसुप्रसिद्धमिदम् । तस्माद्विहाय पापं चरतु सुग्वार्थी सदा धर्मम् ॥८॥ 8. Demerit produces pain, happiness follows Truth (Dharma) Tlis is rell-knorn to all Therefore the man trho desites happiness should always refrain from demerit, (and) follow Dharma. सर्वः प्रेप्सति सत्सुखाप्तिमचिरात् सा सर्वकर्मक्षयात् सवृत्तात्स च तच बोधनियतं सोऽप्यागमात्स श्रुतेः । सा चाप्तात् स च सर्वदोपरहितो रांगादयस्तेऽप्यत्त- स्तं युक्त्या सुविचार्य सर्वसुखदं सन्तः श्रयन्तु भियै-॥ ६ ॥ 9. All men desire the early attainment of true happiness; it arises from the destruction of all Karmas, (This destruction of the Karmas iesults) from right conduct; that (right conduct) depends upon (right) ·4 THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE JAINAS old age. knowledge. And that (right knowledge is acquired) from the Scriptures. The (scriptures are based) on Discourses, (Jinavání), and this (Jina-vání emanates) from the discoursing Omniscient (ápta Arhat), and that (Ápta) is free from all defects. These (defects) are attachment and others Therefore after duly reasoned-out contemplation of Him, the source of all happiness, let the worthy resort to him for their benefit. Commentary. Jina-Vání is the speech of the Arhat It is letterless sound, Anakshari Vání, emanating from the Vibratory Omniscient, is understandable by all present, in their own language, being then transformed into lettered discourse The defects are eighteen and they are not found in an Omniscient. They are 1 Kshuda - Hunger, 2 Trishna Thirst 3 Jara 4 Atank Disease, 5 Janma Birth, 6 Marana Death, 7 Bhaya Tear Wonder. 9. Rága Love. 10 Dyesha Hate 11 Moha Delusion 12. Rati - Indulgence, 13 Arati Ennui 14 Chinta Anxiety 15 Sveda Perspiration, 16 Kheda Distress 17. Nidrá - Sleep 18 Shoka Sorrow. श्रद्धानं द्विविधं त्रिधा दशविधं मौढयाद्यपोढं सदा संवेगादिविवर्द्धितं भवहरं व्यज्ञानशुद्धिप्रदम् । निश्चिन्वन् नव सप्त तत्त्वमचलभासामारोहतां सोपानं प्रथमं विनेय विदुषामाथेयमाराधना ॥ १० ॥ 10. Right belief is of two, three, and ten kinds. It is always free from the defects of ignorance, ete, it is 8 Smaya 3

·ATMÁNUSHÁSANA
5
overflowing with apprehension of mundane miseries, etc;
(it is the) destroyer of the cycle of existences, purifier of
three kinds of wrong knowledge (2 e. transforms them
into three right hinds of knowledge); it rightly ascertains
the seren or the nine principles (tattvas). It is the first step
for those who ascend up to the unshakeable fortress (of
Liberation) It is, indeed, the first Devolion (Áládhaná) for
the learned scholars.
Commentary.
Right-belief is of two hinds Intuitive (Nisargaja), or tuitive
(Adhigamaja) Nisargaja is self-born, inspired, intutive Adhigamaja
is acquirei by study, precept, ctc , tuitive It is of 3 kinds having
regard to internal cuscs, 217, (1) subsidential, aupashamika, in
consequence of the subsidence of 4 error-feeding passions and wrong
belicf, (4) destructive subsidential (Kshayopa-Shamıha), in con-
sequence of their destructie subsidence, (3) destructive (Kshayáka)
as a consequence of their total destruction
See Tattvártha Sútra,
page 5, Chapter I ,SBJ Vol II , and Gommațasára. Jiva Kánda,
Chapter I pp 21, 22, S BJ, Vol y
Defects of ignorance, etc -There are 25 such defects, which
should be got rid of, for the purification of right belief. They are
the following
1 Doubt or fear, 2 Sense-ignorance, 3 Disgust, 4 Super-
stition, 5 Libel, 6 Non-support to slipping souls, 7 Non-
affection for the worthy, 8 Indifference to propagation of
Truth
8
Pride in 1 Knor Icdge, 2 Position, 3 Paternal lineage, 4
Maternal family, 5 Strength, 6 Wealth, 7 Asceticism,
and 8 Beauty
Blind faith in 1 Popular rites, 2 Unworshipable deties, and
3 Unworthy saints
3
Association with 1 Unworshipable derties, 2 Unworthy
saints, 3 Afisleading scriptures, or with the followers
of the above three
6
8
10
25
For a detailed description of seven, or nine principles, consult
Tattvártha Sútra, pp 6 and 7 in Chapter, I, S.B J, Vol II.
श्राज्ञामार्गसमुद्भवमुपदेशात्सूत्रवीजसंक्षेपात् ।
विस्तारार्थाभ्यां भवमवगाढपरमवगाढे च ॥ ११ ॥

·6 THE SACRED BOOKS OF THÊ JAINAS. 11 (Right-belief) arises from 1 Ájná, 2. Márga, 3. Updesha, 4 Sútra, 5. Bija, 6 Sankshepa, 7. Vistára, and 8 Artha, and is either 9. Avagadha and 10, Parmáyagádha These are the 10 kinds veleired to in Shloka 10, above). अाज्ञासम्यक्त्वमुक्तं यदुत विरुचितं वीतरागाज्ञयैव त्यक्तग्रंथप्रपञ्च शिवममृतपथं श्रद्दधन्मोहशान्तेः। मार्गश्रद्धानमाहुः पुरुषवरपुराणोपदेशोपजाता या संज्ञानागमाधिप्रमृतिभिरुपदेशादिरादेशदृष्टिः॥ १२ ॥ 12 Ayna belief is said to be that which is based solely upon the precept of the passionless (saint). Marga belief is said to be the belief in the peaceful, path of eternal liberation, which is free from temporal ties and which arises from the subsidence of the deluding Karmas. Updesha or Adesha belief is that which arises from ancient teachings, of great men, and from sayings, etc., received from the ocean of scriptures of right knowledge आकाचारसूत्रं मुनिचरणविधेः सूचनं श्रद्दधान: सूक्तासौ सूत्रहष्टिद्धरधिगमगतेरर्थसार्थस्य बीजैः। कैश्चिज्जातोपलब्धेरसमशमवशाहीजदृष्टिः पदार्थात् संक्षेपेणैव वुध्वा रुचिमुपगतवान्साधुसंक्षेपदृष्टिः॥ १३ ॥ 13 Sutra belief is well said to be possessed by one who believes in rules declared for the conduct of ascetics, on hearing books on discipline. Boja belief is that which arises from the knowledge of substances, difficult to understand, (but) known with the help of certain symbols, as a result of the subsidence of perverse belief. Sankshepa belief is the laudable belief possessed by one who has acquired faith (in principles) only explained summarily. यः श्रुत्वा द्वादशाङ्गी कृतरुचिरथ तं विद्धि विस्तारदृष्टिं संजातार्थात् कुतश्चित् प्रवचनवचनान्यन्तरेणार्थदृष्टिः।

·ATMANUSHASANA. 7 दृष्टिः साझागवाह्यप्रवचनभवगायोत्थिता यावगाढा कैवल्यालोकितार्थे रुचिरिह परमावगाढति रूढा ॥ १४ ॥ 14 Vistara belief should be known to be possessed by one who has acquired faith, aftei liaying heard the lirelve Angas (Jaina Sacred lore). Antha belief is that which is produced by (ascellaining the true, real meaning of the sacred books, independently of words. Aragadha belief is that which is produced by a thorough study of the sacied literature of the Angas and of that outside the Argas. Pramavagadha is popularly knorn to be the belief in substances as seen by Omniscients. शमयोधवृत्ततपसां पापापस्येव गौरवं पुंसः । पूज्यं महामणेरिव तदेव सम्यक्त्वसंयुक्तम् ॥ १५ ॥ 15 The tranquillity, knowledge, vows, and austerities of a person is of the value of a stone. But it becomes adozable, like a gıcat jewel of accompanied by right belief. Commcrier.. Kno: Icdgc, vows, austeritics are forms of knowledge and conduct. But to be right, they must be preceded by right-Lelief Then alone they become right knowledge and right conduct, which with right-belief are the three Jewels of Jainism मिथ्यात्वातङ्कवतो हिताहितप्राप्त्यनाप्तिमुग्धस्य । चालस्येव तवेयं सुकुमारैव क्रिया क्रियते ॥ १६ ॥ 18 Only this gentle remedy is prescribed, as for a child, for thee, who art a sufferer from the disease of wrong belief, and does not know what good is to be pui sued, and what evil is to be avoided विषयविषप्राशनोत्थितमोहज्वरजनिततीव्रतृष्णस्य । निःशक्तिकस्य भवतः प्रायः पेयाधुपक्रमः श्रेयान् ॥ १७॥ 17. Having taken the poison of sense-enjoyments, thou hast got the fever of delusion; from this has arisen ·8 THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE JAINAS thy keen thirst (for sense-gratification) and thou hast become feeble For thee it is the best to be treated mostly with medicines of a drinkable rature सुखितस्य दुःखितस्य च संसारे धर्म एव तव कार्यः। सुखितस्य तदभिवृद्ध्यै दुःखभुजस्तदुपधाताय ॥ १८ ॥ 18. Whether happy or miserable in this world, thou must exercise piety; if happy to ingrease thy happiness ; and if miserabie, to remove thy misely. धर्मारामतरूणां फलानि सर्वेन्द्रियार्थसौख्यानि । संरक्षतांस्ततस्तान्युचिनुयस्तैरुपायैस्त्वम् ॥ १६ ॥ 19. The pleasures derived from all senises-ohjects aie fruits of the trees of the garden of piety Therefore presei ve thou the trees, and pluck the fruits by all means धर्मः सुग्वस्य हेतुर्हेतुर्न विरोधकः स्वकार्यस्थ । तस्मात् सुखभङ्गभिया माभूधर्मस्य विमुग्वस्वम् ।। २० ॥ 20 Piety is the cause of happiness The cause cannot oppose its own effect Therefore for fear of being deprived of (present) sense-pleasures, thou shouldst not be indifferent to piety (Dharma) धर्मावाप्तविभवो धर्म प्रतिपाल्य भोगमनुभवतु । वीजादवाप्तधान्यः कृपीवलास्तस्य चीजमिव ॥ २१ ॥ 21. The person who in consequence of piety has acquired prosperity may have enjoyments while preserving piety, like the peasant who gets corn from the seed, but (preserves) the seed of that corn. संकल्प्यं कल्पवृक्षस्य चिन्त्यं चिन्तामणेरपि । असंकल्प्यमसंचिन्त्यं फलं धर्मावाप्यते ॥२२॥ 22. The fruit of the wishing-tree (Kalpa-Vraksha) is got by wishing, that of Chintamani (miraculous gem by thinking , (but) the fruit of piety is obtained without Wishing and without thinking, - ·ATMANUSHASANA. 9 . परिणाममेव कारणमाहुः खलु पुण्यपापयोः प्राज्ञाः। तस्मात् पापापचयः पुण्योपचयश्च सुविधेयः ॥ २३ ॥ 23 The rise men say that thought-activity only is the cause of merit and demerit. Therefore one should carefully destroy demerits and accumulate merits. कृत्वा धर्मविघातं विषयसुखान्यनुभवन्ति ये मोहात् । प्राच्छिद्य तरं मूलात्फलानि गृह्णन्ति ते पापाः ॥ २४ ॥ 24. Those who under delusion, destroying Dharma, enjoy sense-pleasures are sinful, and take the fruit (after) cutting down the tree at its root- कर्तृत्वहेतुकर्तृत्वानुमतैः : स्मरणचरणवचनेषु । यः सर्वथाभिगम्यः स कथं धर्मो न संग्राह्यः ॥ २५ ॥ 25. Why should such a religion be not pursued, which can be followed in all circumstances, by doing, by having it done, and by approving the doing of it by others, by means of mind, body, or speech? धर्मो वसेन्मनसि यावदलं स ताव- द्धन्ता न हन्तुरपि पश्य गतेऽथ तस्मिन् । दृष्टा परस्परहतिर्जनकात्मजानां रक्षा ततोस्य जगतः खलु धर्म एव ॥ २६ ॥ 26. So long as piety abides well in the heart, the man does not slay even his slayer. When that religion goes away, the father and the son are found killing each other Therefore the protection of this world depends perily upon Dharma only. न सुखानुभवात्पापं पापं तहेतुघातकारम्भात् । नाजीणं मिष्टान्नान्ननु तन्मात्रायतिक्रमणात् ॥ २७ ॥ 27. There is no demerit in enjoying pleasures; but there is demerit in doing what tends to destroy their source. Indigestion is not caused by sweet food, (but) by eating it beyond its limit.

·10 THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE JAINAS अप्येतन्मृगयादिकं यदि तव प्रत्यक्षदुःखास्पदम् पापैराचरितं पुरातिभयदं सौख्याय संकल्पतः । संकल्पं तमनुज्झितेन्द्रियसुखैरासेविते धीधनै- धर्म (म्य)कमणि किं करोति न भवान् लोकद्वयश्रेयसि॥२८॥ 28. When thou takest a pleasure in all this hunting, etc, which produce much fear in the very beginning, which evidently cause pain, and which are pursued by sinners, why dost thou not take the same view of piety, which is for the good of both the (present and future) worlds, which is pursued by those who are rich in wisdom, and have not abandoned sense-enjoyments. भीतमूर्तीगतत्राणा निर्दोषा देहवित्तिका । दन्तलग्नतृणा घ्नन्ति मृगीरन्येषु का कथा ॥ २६ ॥ 29 An image of fear, unprotected, innocent, with her body as her sole pioperty, with grass blades between her teeth-even such a she-deer is killed (by hunters), what to say of others ! पैशून्यदैन्यदस्भस्तेयातपातकादिपरिहारात् । लोकद्वयहितमर्जय धर्मार्थयशःसुखायार्थम् ॥ ३० ॥ 30 Having given up back-biting, begging, deceit, theft, falsehood and other faults, pursue what is best in both the worlds for religion, wealth, renown and happiness. पुण्यं कुरुष्व कृतपुण्यमनशोऽपि नोपद्रवोऽभिभवति प्रभवेच्च भूत्यै । संतापयन् जगदशेषमशीतरश्मिः पझेषु पश्य विदधाति विकाशलक्ष्मीम् ॥३१॥ 31. Acquire merit. Even an unheard of calamity does not affect the doer of meritorious deeds. Indeed it does him good. See the sun, which oppresses the whole Torld (with its heat), gives a lovely bloom to lotuses, ·ATALANUSIASANA 11 नेता यस्य (यत्र) वृहस्पतिः प्रहरएं वर्ज सुराः सैनिकाः स्वर्गा दुर्गमनुग्रहः खलु हरेरैरावतो वारणः । त्याश्चर्यपलान्वितोऽपि पलभिडग्नः परः संगरे तद्यसो ननु देवमेव शरणं घिग्धिवृथा पाम्पम् ।। ३२ ।। 32. Those guide was Brihaspati, whose weapon PRs the thunder •bolt, rhose soldiers were celestial beings, These iniiries 15 hensen, iho mas certainly in the fiiour ofllari (tirishna) ard » hose elephant was Anaiata Cica with such vondcriui forces, Indra was defcalcd initie is otl.cis from thus, it is certainly esident that destiny is the only protection and futile endeavour (to change it is destiny) is contemptible. Commentory. भारः कुलपर्वता इव भुवो मोइं विहाय स्वयं रतानां निधयः पयोधय इव व्यावृत्तवित्तस्पृहाः। स्टष्टाः करपि नो नभोविभुतयाविश्वस्य विश्रान्तये सन्त्यद्यापि चिरन्तनान्तिकचराः सन्तः शिवन्तोऽप्यमी ॥३३॥ 33. Some worthy disciples of the ancient sages east eren to-day. These, having themselves destroyed all delusion, have become protectors of (people), like Kulachalas (the mounts Himavana, Mahahimana, etc., protecting the tcrristrial regions, Bharata. Haimavata ·12 THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE JAINAS etc). They are the respositories of the jewels (of attributes) like the oceans, having vanquished all desire for wealth They are not touched by (attachment for) anything whatsoever. Majestic, like space, they are a source of peace to all. Commentary Reference is made to living ascetics and sages in order to persuade the listener to get rid of delusion, and temporal attachment, and to adopt a pious course of life. पिता पुत्रं पुत्रः पितरमभिसंधाय बहुधा विमोहादीहेते सुखलवमवाप्तुं नृपपदम् । अहो मुग्धो लोको मृतिजननदंष्ट्रान्तरगतो न पश्यत्यान्तं तनुमपहरन्तं यमममुम् ॥ ३४॥ 34 Being moved with the desire of getting Kingship, (which is only a small) bit of pleasure, the father often tries to cheat his son, and the son the father. It is strange that this foolish world, which is fallen between the jaws of birth and death, does not see yonder Death indefatigably snatching away the body, अन्धादयं महानन्धो विषयान्धीकृतेक्षणः। चक्षुषान्धो न जानाति विषयान्धो न केनचित् ॥ ३५ ॥ 35 One whose eyes are blinded by sepse-desire is the blindest of the blind, The blind man cannot see with the eye (only), while one, blinded by sense-desires cannot (perceive) through any means. आशागतः प्रतिप्राणि यस्मिन् विश्वमणूपमम् । कस्य किं कियदायाति वृथा वो विषयैषिता ।। ३६ ॥ 36. Every living being (has such a deep) pit of worldly desires that (all objects in) the world (amount to) only a particle for it. What, and how much, then, can each get? Useless (is) your desire of sense-enjoyments. श्रायुश्रीवपुरादिकं यदि भवेत्पुण्यं पुरोपार्जितम् स्यात्सर्वं न भवेन्न तच नितरामायासितेऽप्यात्मनि । ।

·ATMANUSHASANA. 13 इत्या- सुविचार्य कार्यकुशलाः कार्येऽत्र मन्दोद्यमाः द्रागागामीभवार्थमेव सततं प्रीत्या यतन्तेतराम् ।। ३७॥ 37. (Long) life, wealth, (stiong and well built, body etc, are all possible if merit has been acquned in the past; if not, they are not possible even if the soul under goes uniemitting labour (to attain them). Thus gentlemen, proficient in practical matters, after proper consideration, exert themselies mildly for wordly matters, but cheerfully take prompt and continuous measures for the life hereafter. का स्वादो विपयेप्वसौ कटुविपप्रख्येवलं दुःग्विना यानन्वेष्टमिव त्वयाशुचिकृतं येनाभिमानामृतम् । श्राजातं करणैर्मनःप्रणधिभिः पित्तज्वराविष्टवत् फष्ट रागरसै. सुधीस्त्वमपि सन् व्यत्यासितास्वादनः ॥ ३८ ॥ 38. What pleasure is there in sense-gratifications, which are well-known as bitter like poison, that thou, being distressed in the search for them hast grossly defiled the nectar of thy self-respect? Enthralled by the senses, attendant upon the mind, (and) like one possessed by bilious fever, thou, alas! though wise, hast got perverted taste by the enjoyment of (worldly) attachments, अनिवृत्तेर्जगत्सर्च मुखादवशिनष्टि तत्तस्याशक्तितो भोक्तुं वितनोर्भानुसोमवत् ॥ ३६ ।। 39. (The fact) that the whole world has been saved from the mouth of one, who has renounced nothing, is because of his non-capacity for taking in (the whole of) it, just as the sun and the moon (have been saved from the mouth) of Rahu, a planet. Commentary The point in the above shloka is that the sense-desires are so strong and various that one would wish to appropriate all objects of worldly enjoyments, but as his capacity for enjoyment is limited, he can enjoy only a very small part of them The allusion is to the Indian astronomical belief that Rahu, a planet, occasionally attempts यत्।

·14 THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE JAINAS to eat up the sun, and the moon, but fails in doing so because of his own incapacity in gulping them down The moral is that sensedesires, infructuous as they are, should be duly restrained, and all energy should be directed towards self-control and acts of piety, beneficial here, and hereafter. साम्राज्यं कथमप्यवाप्य सुचिरात्संसारसारं पुन- स्तत्यक्त्व यदि क्षितीश्वरवराः प्राप्ताः श्रियं शाश्वतीम् । त्वं प्रागेव परिग्रहान्परिहर त्याज्यान गृहीत्वापि ते माभूभौतिकमोदकव्यतिकरं संपाद्य हास्यास्पदम् ॥ ४० ॥ 40. Havirg after a long time and some how obtained the position of an Einperor (Chakravartı), the best (of all positions) in the world, the mighty monarchs obtained eternal bliss only by its renunciation Thou shouldst (then) from the beginning renounce wordly entanglements, which are fit to be discarded Be not thou an object of ridicule like (the person in the garb of) an ascetic (who rerdered himself an object of) ridicule (by taking up) a sweet ball (which had fallen in filth, and who said that he would not eat it but would throw it away after washing it). Commentary. The moral inculcated in this Shloka is that one should under no pretence or temptation take to worldly objects, which must be renounced as early as possible to enable one to attain liberation. सर्व धर्ममयं कचित् क्वचिदपि प्रायेण पापात्मकम् काप्येतद्वयवत्करोति चरितं प्रज्ञाधनानामपि । तस्मादेष तदन्धरज्जुवलनं स्नानं गजस्याथवा मत्तोन्मत्तविचेष्टितं न हि हितो गेहाश्रमः सर्वथा ।। ४१ ॥ 41. The household stage makes the stage life of even those who are rich in wisdom, sometimes of meritorious, sometimes all sinful, and sometimes both; it is thus like the making of a rope by the blind, or the bathing of an elephant, or the act of a mad man. It is not wholly beneficial, ·ATMÁNUSHASANA. 15 1 Commentary. The numerous carcs and engagements of household aflans do not allou one u suitablc opportunity for spiritunl advancement A blind rerson, while tsisting a rope bi one end, goes on untxistingit at the other, an elephant corers himself with cust soon after he is washed, and a madman's cfforts are directed to no useful purpose Similarly a person ergaged in household afiairs can not adopt the calm rid contenplatre corduct necessary for the attainment of eternal នេះ कृष्ट्वाप्त्वा नृपतीनिपव्य पहशो भ्रान्त्वा वने भोनिधी किं शिश्नासि लुग्वार्थमन्न सुचिरं हा कष्टमज्ञानतः। तैलं त्वं सिकनासु यन्तृगयसे वाग्छेद् विपाज्जीवितुं नन्वाशाग्रहनिग्रहात्तव सुखं न ज्ञातमेतत्वया ॥ ४२ ॥ 42. It is a great pity that thou sl.ouldst out of ignorance male thuself miscia ble so long in the world by plouglurg and coming the land, by sei ving lings in many wars, and by wondering about in jungles and on the seas, in rursuit of pleasule. Thou wishest(to get) oil from sand, thou nishest to live on poison Dost thou not know that thy happiness lies in sulduing the demon of desiies ? पाशाहुताशनग्रस्तवस्त्वर्थी (स्तूचैः) वंशजां जनाः। किलैति (त्य) सुखच्छायां दुःखधर्मापनोद (दि) नः ॥४३॥ 43 It is a pity that a person actuated by burning desires, should for comfort take to objects of sense-gratification, which would give him no comfort, but (like one who) being oppressed by the sun, seeks the shade of bamboo trees, (which give no shade, but get ignited by friction) खातेऽभ्यासजलाशयाजनि शिला प्रारब्धनिर्वाहिणा भूयोभेदि रसातलावधि ततः कृच्छात्सुतुच्छं किल । क्षारं वायुदगात्तदप्युपहतं पूतिकृमिश्रेणिभिः शुष्कं तच पिपातितोऽस्य सहसा कष्टं विधेश्चेष्टितम् ॥ ४४ ॥ 44. With a will to complete what he had begun, a man with a desire to get water began digging and by dint ·16 THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE JAINAS of labour struck a rock. Yet he went on digging down the nether world Then he got only a little brackish water with great difficulty That also was stinking and full of worms, and dried up quickly. So awful was the effect of this thirsty man's ill luck, शुद्धधनैर्विवृद्धन्ते सतामपि न संपदः । न हि स्वच्छाम्बुभिः पूर्णाः कदाचिदपि सिंधयः॥ ४५ ॥ 45 The wealth of even good men is not increased by pious income, (as) the seas can never be filled with fresh water only Commentary. It is impossible to earn money while observing a conduct, which may not cause any injury or pain to any living being The different occupations of agriculture, trade and industry, etc, inevitably involve the causing of pain to innumerable living beings, by which demeritorious Kaimas are bound One must therefore give up all household occupations in order to purify his soul स धर्मो यत्र नाधर्मस्तत्सुखं यत्र नासुखम् । तज्ज्ञानं यत्र नाज्ञानं सा गतिर्यत्र नागतिः ॥ ४६ ।। 46. Dharma is that where there is no Adharma. Happiness is that, where there is no un-happiness, knowledge is that, where there is no ignorance Condition of existence is that, whence there is no coming back (to the world). वादिभिर्विषयलोलविचारशून्यः क्लिश्नासि यन्मुहुरिहार्थपरिग्रहार्थम् । तच्चेष्टितं यदि सकृत्परलोकबुद्ध्या न प्राप्यते ननु पुनर्जननादि दुःखम् ॥ ४७ ।। 47. Being entangled in enjoyments, (and therefore) thoughtless, thou art again and again made miserable by occupation, etc, to obtain wealth and other objects of this world If thou under-goest the same trouble (even) once, intending to obtain liberation, then certainly thou wouldet never experience the pain of being born again and again, ·ATMÁNUSHASANA 11 संकल्प्येदमनिष्टमिहमिदगिन्यज्ञातयाथात्मको वाद्ये वस्तुनि किं वृधैव गमयस्यासज्य कालं मुहुः । अन्तः शान्तिमुपैहि यावद्द्यप्राप्तान्तकप्रस्फुर- ज्वालाभीपणजाठरनिलमुखे भस्मीभवेन्नो भवान् ॥४८॥ 48. Ignorant of the true nature of things, considering some to be desirable and others undesirable, why dost thou taste thy time being often attached to external things again and again. Attain to internal peace of mind before you are reduced to ashes in the cruel and approach. ing Death's abdominal fire, horrible with its leaping flames. आयातोऽस्यति दूरतोऽ! परवानाशासरित्प्रेरितः किन्नावैषि ननु त्वमेव नितरामेनां तरीतुं नमः। स्वातन्त्र्यं ब्रज यासि तीरमचिरानोचेदुरन्तान्तक- ग्राहव्याप्तगभीरवऋविपमे मध्ये भवाब्धेर्भवः ॥ ४६॥ 49 Oh friend! dependent upon external things (and) floating in the river of desire, thou hast come down from a long long distance Dost thou not know that thou thyself art quite capable of crossing this river easily? Be independent, (and) thou shalt ieach the shore very soon; otherwise, thou shalt founder in the ocean of existence, which is terrible on account of the deep and wide-open mouth of the unvanquishable crocodile of death. आस्वाद्याद्य यदुज्झितं विपयिभिावृत्तकौतुहलै- स्तद्भूयोऽप्यविकुत्सयन्नभिलपस्यप्राप्तपूर्व यथा । जन्तो किं तव शान्तिरस्ति न भवान्यावद्दुराशामिमा- मंहःसंहतिवीरवैरिपृतनाश्रीवैजयन्ती हरेत् ॥ ५० ॥ 50 Thou desirest now, without any repulsion (to pick up) again, as if thou hadst never tasted before, what has been discarded by the sensualists, after the satiety of enjoyment Oh soul ! canst thou gain peace so long as thou ·18 THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE JAINAS dost not conquer this desire-evil which is the victory banner of the forces of (your) powerful enemy, the host of sins. भक्त्वा भाविभवांश्च भोगिविषमान् भोगान् वुभुक्षु शं मृत्वापि स्वयमस्तभीतिकरुणः सर्वाजिघांसुर्मुधा । यद्यत्साधुधिगर्हितं हतमिति तस्यैव धिक्कामुक कामक्रोधमहाग्रहाहितमनाः किं किं न कुर्याज्जनः॥५१॥ 51. Fie on the wretch who having lost fear (of the next world) and compassion, keenly desires sense-enjoyments, which are terrible like serpents, and having ruined his future lives, foolishly kills all (happiness, by himself, dying an(impious death), and who desires all that which is censured by the saints! what may not a person do, whose mind has been influenced by the great demon of desire and anger. श्वो यस्याजनि यः स एव दिवसो यस्तस्य संपद्यते स्थैर्य नाम न कस्यचिज्जगदिदं कालानिलोन्मूलितम् । भ्रातान्तिमपास्य पश्यसितरां प्रत्यक्षमणोन किं येनात्रैव मुहुर्मुहुर्बहुतरं बद्धस्पृहो भ्राम्यसि ॥ ५२ ॥ 62. That same day which appears as to-morrow for one, becomes yesterday for him. Nothing can be called stable This world is being uprooted by the wind of time. Oh brother, having given up delusion, why dost thou not see what is visible to thy eyes. By not doing so, thou, mainly a bondsman of desire, wanderest again and again, in this very world. संसारे नरकादिषु स्मृतिपथेऽप्युद्वेगकारीण्यलं दुःखानि प्रतिसेवितानि भवता तान्येवमेवासताम् । तत्तावत्स्मरसि (स) स्मरस्मितशितापाइरनङ्गायुधै- मानां हिमदग्धमुग्धतरुवद्यत्प्राप्तवान्निधनः ।। ५३ ॥ 53. In this world you have suffered many miseries in hell and elsewhere, so much that even their recollection, ·ATMANUSHASANA: 19 is excruciating. Let them be just as they are Dost thou then remember that, like a young sapling blasted by frost, thou art made a pauper by the piercing glances and lorely smiles of females, (which are the) weapons of Cupid. उत्पन्नोऽस्यति दोषधातुमलव होऽसि कोपादिवान् साधिव्याधिरसि प्रहीणचरितोऽस्यस्यात्मनो वचकः। मृत्युव्याप्तमुखान्तरोऽसि जरसा ग्रस्तोऽसि जन्मिन् वृथा किं मत्तोऽस्यसि किं हितारिरहिते किं वासि यद्धस्पृहः ।। ५४ ।। 54 Ol living being thou hast taken birth; thou hast assumed a body full of defects and blood and bones, etc; thou art subject to anger, etc, thou art subject to physical and mental suffering, thy character is very bad, thou art a cheat to thy soul; thou art lying in the wide-open mouth of death; thou art in the clutches of age. Oh why art thou deluded? Thy art thou an enemy to thy own good? And why hast thou fixed thy desires on unwholesome things? उग्रग्रीष्मकठोरधर्मकिरणस्फुर्जद्गभस्तिप्रभैः संतप्तः सकलेन्द्रियैरयमहो संवृद्धवृष्णो जना अप्राप्याभिमतं विवेकविमुग्वः पापप्रयासाकुल- स्तोयोपान्तदुरन्तकर्दमगतक्षीणोऽक्षवत् क्तिश्यते ॥ ५५ ॥ 55. Distressed by all sense-desires, which are gleaming (and blinding) like the sun with its very hot unbearable and scorching rays%; keenly athirst with desire%3; (and) indiscriminate,-this man, not getting his desired object (and) being troubled by sinful exertions, becomes miserable like the weak ox in a deep mire near the edge of a piece of water. लब्धेन्धनो ज्वलत्यग्निः प्रशाम्यति निरन्धिनः। ज्वलत्युभयथाप्युच्चैरहो मोहाग्निरुत्कटः ।। ५६ ।। 58. Fire burns when fed with fuel, and goes out for want of it. But it is a wonder that the terrible fire of ·20 THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE JAINAS. delusion blazes strongly in both the ways (on getting the objects of desire and also on not getting them). किं मारयभिन्नभीकरतरो दुष्कर्मगर्मुदगण किं दुःखज्वलनावली विलसितैनालेदि देहश्चिरम् । किं गर्जामतूर्य (र) भैरवरवानाकर्णयनिर्णयन् येनायं न जहाति मोहविहितां निद्रामभद्रां जनः ।। ५७ ।। 57. Has not the exceedingly frightful mace of sinful actions torn the vital parts? Has the body not been licked since long, by the flames of the fires of pain ? Has he not veritably heard the terrible sound of the bugles of death Why then does this man not give up the harmful sleep, caused by delusion. तादात्म्यं तनुभिः सदानुभवनं पाकस्य दुष्कर्मणो व्यापारः समयं प्रति प्रकृतिभिर्गाढं स्वयं बन्धनम् । निद्राविश्रमणं मृतेः प्रतिभयं शश्वन्मृतिश्च ध्रुवं जन्मिन् जन्मनि ते तथापि रमसे तत्रैव चित्रं महत् ॥ ५८ ।। 58. Thou art identified with the bodies; always dost thou experience the fruition of pain-bearing Karmas; thy business is to be closely bound, of thy own accord, at every moment, by the Karma Prakritis, 2. e., Karmic matter. Thou feelest rest in sleep; art ever fearful of death, and death is always certain. Oh living being, dost thou still take pleasure in birth, It is this which is very strange, अस्थिस्थूलतुलाकलापघटितं नद्धं शिरास्नायुभि- श्वर्माच्छादितमस्रसान्द्रपिशितैर्लिप्तं सुगुप्तं खलैः। कारातिभिरायुरुचनिगलालग्नं शरीरालयं कारागारमवेहि ते हतमते प्रीतिं वृथा मा कृथाः ॥ ५६ ॥ 59 Know this body of thine to be a prison house, built of a number of thick bones as stone pillars, fastened by nerves and muscles, covered over with skin, plastered ·ÁTMÁNUSHASANA. 21 with wet flesh, well-protected by its wicked enemies, the Karmas, and closed by strong barriers of age-Karmas. O Bereft of wisdom ! Have no foolish love for it. शरणमशरणं वो बन्धवो बन्धमूलं चिरपरिचितदारा द्वारमापदूगृहाणाम् । विपरिमृशत पुत्राः शत्रवः सर्वमेतत् त्यजत भजत धर्म निर्मलं शर्मकामाः॥६०॥ 80. Your house is no protection; the relations are the cause of bondage, the wife to whom you have been long attached is the door to abodes of miseries, Know your sons to be your enemies. Forsake all these Desirous of happiness, you should practise pure religion. तत्कृत्यं किमिहेन्धनैरिव धनैराशाग्निसंधुक्षणैः सम्बन्धेन किमङ्ग शश्वदशुभैः सम्बन्धिभिर्बन्धुभिः । किं मोहाहिमहाविलेन सदृशा देहेन गेहेन वा देहिन याहि सुखाय ते समममुं मा गाः प्रमादं मुधा ।। ६१ ॥ 61. What should, in this world, be done with wealth, which, like fuel, feeds the fire of desire? Oh friend! What is the use of connection with family and relations who are ever (helpful in acquiring) inauspicious (Karmas)! What is the use of the body and the home, which are like big holes of the cobra of delusion! 0 thou embodied one, for happiness acquire this equanimity, (which is the essence of religion), do not be negligent in vain. श्रादावेव महाबलैरविचलं पट्टेन बद्धा स्वयं रक्षाध्यक्षभुजासिपञ्जरवृता सामन्तसंरक्षिता। लक्ष्मीर्दीपशिखोपमा क्षितिमता हा पश्यतां नश्यति प्रायः पातितचामरानिलहते वान्यन्त्र काशा नृणाम् ॥ ६२ ॥ 62. Alas, the fortune of rulers of the earth, though it is inextricably bound, in the very beginning, by mighty ones themselves, with (royal) turban, is protected by their vassale, is surrounded, as if it were in a cage, by swords in ·22 THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE JAINAS. the hands of guarding soldiers, perishes, while they remain looking at it, (in the twinkling of an eye), like the flame of a lamp blown off by wind raised by royal fan, In case of what persons can there be hope (of a steady fortune). दीप्तोभयाग्रवातारिदारूदरगकीटवत् । जन्ममृत्युसमाश्लिष्टे शरीरे वत सीदसि ॥ ६ ॥ 63. Alas, thou art tortured in the body, wrapped by birth and death, like an insect inside a castor log burning at both ends. नेत्रादीश्वरचोदितः सकलुषो रूपादिविश्वाय किं प्रेष्यः सीदति (सि) कुत्सितव्यतिकरैरंहांस्थलं वृंयन् । नीत्वा तानि भुजिष्यतामकलुषो विश्वं विसृज्यात्मवा- नात्मानं धिनु सेत्सुखी धुतरजाः सवृत्तिभिर्निर्वृतः॥१४॥ 84. Servant of, and instigated by the eye and other rulers (2. e, the senses), and greatly multiplying thy sins by censurable acts, why dost thou miserably distress thyself for, beauty and other worldly objects. Having brought them under thy yoke, having renounced the world without regret, having mastered thyself, having washed away the ist (of Karmas) by rule of right conduct, having freed thyself (from mundane existence), and having become supremely happy, enjoy (this bliss of) self-realization. अर्थिनो धनमप्राप्य धनिनोऽप्यवितृप्तितः । कष्टं सर्वेऽपि सीदन्ति परमेको मुनिः सुखी ॥६५॥ 65. The poor are discontented for not obtaining wealth, and the rich too are (so) for want of contentment. Alas! all are in trouble. Only an ascetic is happy. परायत्तात्सुखाद्दुःखं स्वायत्तं केवलं घरम् । अन्यथा सुखिनामानः कथमासंस्तपस्विनः ॥६६॥ 86. Happiness, dependent upon others (leads) to pain. Only independent happiness is commendable. Else how could the ascetics be called happy? 1 ·ATMÁNUSHASANA 23 यदेतत्स्वच्छन्द विहरणमकार्पण्यमशनं सहाय्यः संवास: ध्रुतमुपशमैकमफलम् । मनो मन्दस्यन्दं पहिरपिचिरायाति विमृशन् न जाने कस्येयं परिणतिरुदारस्य तपसः॥ ६७॥ 87. I do not know of what noble austerities is this the result, that (an ascetic) moves about at will, (gets) food without humility, (has) company of the saints, (has) knowledge with calmness as fruit of hard study, and (his) tranquil mind (being deeply absorbed in) contemplating (upon the self) comes out after long intervals to external (objects). विरतिरतुला शास्त्रे चिन्ता तथा करुणापरा मतिरपि सदैकान्तध्वान्तप्रपञ्चविभेदिनी। अनशनतपश्चर्या चान्ते यथोक्तविधानतो भवति महतां नाल्पस्येदं फलं तपसो विधेः ॥ ६८।। 68. The high-minded (saints) have unique renunciation (of worldly attachments), contemplation of the scriptures, unlimited compassion (towards the living world), also an intellect capable of ever dispelling the illusion of sticking to one-sided view of a thing, and lastly the austerity of fasting according to rules laid down in the sacred books) This is the result of practising high and not small austerities, उपायकोटिदूरक्षे स्वतस्तत इतोऽन्यतः। सर्वतः पतनप्राये काये कोऽयं तवाग्रहः ॥ ६६ ॥ 69 What is this attachment of thine for the body, which is altogether destructible, (and) which cannot be saved by millions of remedies (either) from thee (or) from others? अवश्यं नश्वरैरेभिरायुःकायादिभिर्यदि । शाश्वतं मुधा यातमवेहि ते ॥ ७० ॥ पदमायाति ·24 THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE JAINAS. 70. If eternal place (liberation) can be had through these necessarily perishable age, body, etc., then know that thou hast obtained it easily. गन्तुमुच्चासनिश्वासैरभ्यस्यत्येष सन्ततम् । लोकः पृथगितो वाञ्छत्यात्मानमजरामरम् ॥ ७१ ॥ 71. This (life) constantly practises to go out by breaths coming in and going out. The people, on the other hand, wish the present life to be undecayable and immortal. गलत्यायुः प्रायः प्रकटितघटीयन्त्रसलिलं खला कायोऽप्यायुर्गतिमनुपतत्येष सततम् । किमस्पान्यैरन्ययमयमिदं जीवितमिह- स्थितो भ्रान्त्या नावि स्वमिव मनुते स्थास्नुमपधीः ॥७२॥ 72. Age, is constantly running out, like water from the bucket of the well-known water-drawing wheel. This wicked body too is always following the course of age. What to say of this soul's friendship with others in this world, (when) these two (body and age) are such (i e., transient). It is only a fool, who like one sitting in a boat, thinks himself, out of illusion, to be steady, उकासखेदजन्यत्वाद्दुःखमेवात्र जीवितम् । तद्विरामे भवेन्मृत्युर्तृणां भण कुतः सुखम् ॥ ७३ ।। 73 Life here is painful on account of the fatigue arising from breathing ; on its cessation, there is death. Say where is happiness (then) for human kind. जन्मतालदुमाज्जन्तु फलानि प्रच्युतान्यधः। अप्राप्य मृत्युभूभागमन्तरे स्युः कियचिरम् ॥ ७४ ॥ 74. Living beings are (like) fruits, falling down from the palm-tree of birth. How long can (they) be in the intervening space before they reach the ground of death? क्षितिजलधिभिः संख्यातीतर्बहिः पवनस्त्रिभिः परिवृतमतः खे नाधस्तात्खलासुरनारकान् ।

·ATMANUSHASANA. 25 . उपरि दिविजान्मध्ये कृत्वा नरान्विधिमन्त्रिणा पतिरपि नृणां त्राता नैको खलंध्यतमोऽन्तकः ॥ ७५ ॥ 75. The minister-Karma has placed evil-minded Asura (kind of celestials) and hellish beings below, the heavenly beings above, and human beings in the middle (of universe) and surrounded them with innumerable continents and oceans, and further with the three sheaths of atmosphere, there is not even one protecting guardian of man-kind Surely death is the most insurmountable. अविज्ञातस्थानो व्यपगततनुः पापमलिन: खलो राहु स्वदशशतकराकान्तभुवनम् । स्फुरन्तं भास्वन्तं किल गिलति हा कष्टमपरं परिप्राप्ते काले विलसितविधेः को हि बलवान् ॥७६॥ 78. It is a great pity that the wicked trunkless Rahu, dark, from sin, and of unknown abode, verily devours the glowing sun, who with his thousand dazzling rays overspreads the earth Who indeed is (more) powerful (than) the operative age-Karma when the time (of its cessation) arrives Commentary. The mythological belief in Indian astronomy with regard to the phenomenon of the solar eclipse is that at fixed periods of time the Sun inspite of his brilliary power and beauty and grandeur is subject to being swallowed by the planet Rahu which is believed to be a mere head without a trunk, of dark complexion, and of love and unknown origin In the same way when the age-Karma has worked out, and Death comes, all power and glory, is of no avail. Herein Death is compared to Rahu, and Soul to the Sun The moral is that Death is inevitable, and therefore one must not delay, but must expedite the adoption of right conduct for eternal bliss उत्पाद्य मोहमदविह्वलमेव विश्वं वेधाः स्वयं गतवृणठगवद्यथेष्टम् । संसारभीकरमहागहनान्तराले हन्ता निवारयतुमत्र हि का समर्थः ॥ ७७ ।।

·26 THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE JAINAS. 77. What brave person (literally Killer) is capable of counteracting the cruel Karma who alone has distressed all (mundane souls) with intoxication and delusion just as he pleased, like a thug, in this frightful and dense forest of the world. कदा कथं कुतः कास्मिन्नित्यतर्व्यः खलोऽन्तकः । प्राप्नोत्येव किमित्याध्वं यतध्वं श्रेयसे वुधाः॥ ७८ ॥ 78. Wicked death is certainly overtaking all; it cannot be guessed as to when, how, whence, for whom, and in which way (it comes). Let all wise men look to their welfare. असामवायिकं मृत्योरेकमालोक्य कञ्चन । देशं कालं विधि हेतुं निश्चिन्ताः सन्तु जन्तवः ॥ ७९ ॥ 79. May all living beings be free from anxiety on seeing that Death is sudden and has no (fixed) place, time, mode, and cause. अपिहितमहाघोरदारं न कि नरकापदा- मुपकृतवतो भूयः किं तेन चेदमपाकरोत् । कुशलविलयज्वालाजाले कलत्रकलेवरे कथमिव भवानत्र प्रीतः पृथग्जनदुर्लभे ॥८॥ 80. Why are you attached to the body of women, which is difficult of acquisition by every man, which is like a net of flames, destroying welfare. Is it (body) not an open and terrible gate to the miseries of hell? Of what use is it to thee? It has wronged (you), who have often done it good (nourished it). व्यापपर्वमयं विरामविरसं मूलेऽप्यभोग्योचितं विष्धक क्षुत्क्षतपातकुष्टकुथितायुग्रामयैः छिद्रितम् । मानुष्यं घुणभक्षितेक्षुसदृशं नाम्नैकरम्यं पुन- निःसारं परलोकबीजमचिरात्कृत्वेह सारीकुरु ॥ ८१॥ 81. As a sugarcane eaten up by Ghuna worms, (is) full of joints (at intervals), tasteless at the ſouter) end, ·ATMANUSHASANA, 27 uneatable at the root, street in name, but having no pulp, so the human body(is full of) calamities at intervals (insipid in old age, unenjoyable in infancy), and throughout injured by frightful diseases like hunger, wounds, leprosy, laceration, etc, (good looking in name only, but of no utility) (If such a piece of sugarcane is sowed in the ground, it products many fruits. Similarly you should) make (this body, here useful without any delay, by making it a seed (to produce, good ın) the next world. प्रसुप्तो मरणाशहां प्रबुद्धो जीवितोत्सवम् । प्रत्यहं जनयत्येप तिष्ठेत्काये कियचिरम् ।। २ ।। 82. Every day while sleeping, he wears the appearance of death and while awaking he makes merry on his being alive Every day produces this (scene). How long can this soul live in the body. सत्यं वदात्र यदि जन्मनि वन्धुकृत्य- माप्नं त्वया किमपि बन्धुजनाद्धितार्थम् । एतावदेव परमस्ति मृतस्य पश्चात् संभूय कायमहितं तव भस्मयन्ति ॥३॥ 83. Say truly if in this life any act whatsoeper of fraternal nature has been done thee by thy relatives, for thy good. This is the only good, that after (thy) death having assembled together, (they) cremate thy body, which is (thy) enemy जन्मसन्तानसम्पादिविवाहादिविधायिनः। स्गः परेऽस्य सकृत्प्राणहारिणो न परे परे ।। ८४ ॥ 84. One's - relatives, who arrange marriage, etc., which cause a series of births are the enemies of the soul The others who take away life only once, are not enemies. Commentary. Family members involve a person in the meshes of delusion, and make his spiritual advancement impossible, and thus ruin the future An enemy only kills the body once, but family members run many future lives of the Soul ·28 THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE JAINAS. रे धनेन्धनसंभार प्रक्षिप्याशाहुताशने । ज्वलन्तं मन्यते भ्रान्तः शान्तं संधुक्षणे क्षणे ॥८५॥ 85 What a deluded soul it is who having fed the fire of desire with the faggot of wealth, (i, e, worldly objects, and himself) burning (in it) considers himself refreshed while he is blowing (the fire) every moment. पलितच्छलेन देहान् निर्गच्छति शुद्धिरेव तव बुद्धः। कथमिव परलोकार्थे जरी बराकस्तदा स्मरति ॥८६॥ 86. Under the pretence of grey hair, the (essence or) purity of thy wisdom goes out of the body; how can a wretched old man remember at that age (his duty) for the next world ? इष्टार्थाद्यदवाप्ततद्भवसुखेक्षाराम्भसि प्रस्फुर- नानामानसदुःखवाडवशिखासंदीपिताभ्यन्तरे । मृत्यूत्पत्तिजरातरंगचपले संसारघोराणचे । मोहग्राहविदारितास्यविवराद्दूरेचरा दुर्लभाः॥७॥ 87. It is difficult to find men, who keep at a distance from the wide gaping mouth of the alligator of Delusion in the vast ocean of Samsára, full of salt water of worldly enjoyments (incapable of quenching the thirst), produced by desired objects (The) heart (of Samsára) is inflamed by various kinds of excruciating mental sufferings which are burning like the flame of the sub-marine fire (Barawanala) and is disturbed by the waves of birth, old age, and death. अव्युच्छिन्नैः सुखपरिकरैलोलिता लोलरम्यैः श्यामांगीनां नयनकमलेरर्चिता यौवनान्तम् । धन्योऽसि त्वं यदि तनुरियं लब्धवोधे मृगीभि- दग्धारण्यस्थलकमलिनीशङ्कयालोक्यते ते ॥८॥ 88. If this body of thine which has, in the full bloom of thy youth, been nourished by a continuous series of ·KTMANUSHASANA. 29 enjoyments, and adoied by beautiful women with lotus eyes charming in their agility, is on acquisition of discrimination (subjected to such austerities in the forest) that the she-deer takes thee for a land-lotus in a burnt down wood, then all praise be to thee. वाल्ये वेत्सि न किञ्चिद्प्यपरिपूर्णागो हितं वाहिते कामान्धः खलु कामिनी दुमघन भ्राम्यन्वने यौवने । मध्ये वृतपाजितुं वसुपशुः क्लिश्नासि कृष्यादिभि- वृद्धो वार्द्धमृतः क जन्मफलिते धर्मो भवेनिर्मलः ॥८६॥ 89 In thy boy hood, when thy body is immature, thou dost not know anything whatsoever as to thy benefit or harm, in thy Jouth, blinded by sex-passion, thou, ramblest in a forest, dense with trees in the form of women, in thy middle age, thou sufferest because of thy great greed; like a loaded beast, by agriculture, etc., pursued to earn (money), and in thy old age, thou art as if half-dead. Which, then, (is the age) when life should bear fruit in pure Dharma. वाल्येऽस्मिन् यदनेन ते विरचितं स्मर्तु च तन्नोचितं मध्ये चापि धनार्जनव्यतिकरैस्तन्नार्पितं यत्त्वयि । वाईक्येऽप्यभिभूय दन्तदलनायचेष्टितं निष्ठुरम् पश्याद्यापि विधेर्वशेन चलितुं वाञ्छस्यहो दुर्मते ।।६० ॥ 90 In thy boyhood whatsoever is done by thee is not fit even to be remembered, in thy middle age there is no (pain) that is not given to thee by the troubles of acquiring riches ; (and) even in thy old age (thou seest) the (Karma's) cruel act of despising thee by rooting out thy teeth. Oh fool, See, dost thou still wish to live under the control of Karma. अश्रोत्रीव तिरस्कृता परतिरस्कारश्रुतीनां श्रुतिः चक्षुर्वीक्षितुमक्षम तव दशा दूष्यामि वान्ध्यं गतम् ।

·30 THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE JAINAS. भीत्येवाभिसुखान्तकादतितरां कायोऽप्ययं कम्पते निष्कम्पस्त्वमहो प्रदीप्तभवनेऽप्यास जराजर्जरे ॥ ११ ॥ 91. Thy out-raged ear has turned deaf as if not to hear the offending words of others, thy eyes have gone blind as if to disable thee from seeing thy consurable condition; thy body trembles greatly as if out of fear of death, which stares thee in thy face; it is a great wonder that thou art still sitting inactive (in thy body) which is worn out by old age, (and which is crumbling like) a house on fire. अतिपरिचितेष्ववज्ञा नवे भवेत् प्रीतिरिति हि जनवादः। त्वं किमिति मृषा कुरुषे दोषासक्तो गुणेष्वरतः ।। १२॥ 92. It is said by people that familiarity breeds contempt, and love for a new object attracts, why (then) dost thou falsify this (proverb) by infatuation for wrong (belief, etc.,) and aversion to right (belief, etc.). हंसन भुक्तमतिकर्कशमम्भसापि नो संगतं दिनविकाशि सरोजमिच्छन् । नालोकितं मधुकरेण मृतं वृथैव प्रायः कुतो व्यसनिनो स्वहिते विवेकः ॥ १३ ॥ 93 The bee, (which) did notsee that the day-blooming lotus, being too hard in stalk) was neither enjoyed by the geese, nor befriended by water (as it remained apart fromʻit), died in vain, (by being enamoured of the lotus, and getting suffocated within it when it closed at night). How can there generally be discrimination for one's good in the sensualist ? प्रज्ञैव दुर्लभा सुष्टु दुर्लभा सान्यजन्मनि । तां प्राप्य ये प्रमाद्यन्ति ते शोच्याः खलु धीमताम् ॥ १४ ॥ 94. Indeed it is difficult to acquire wisdom. It is much more difficult (to live so as) to have it in the next life, verily, by the wise are to be pitied, those, who having ·ATMANUSHASANA. 31 acquired that (wisdom) here, are careless (of spiritual advancement). लोकाधिपाः क्षितिभुजो भुवि येन जाता- स्तस्मिन् विधी सति हि सर्वजनप्रसिद्ध । शोच्यं तदेव यमी स्पृहणीयवीर्या- स्तेषां बुधाश्च वत किशरतां प्रयान्ति ॥ १५ ॥ 95. Even while (iight-conduct), renowned among all people, by which (men) became sovereigns, and enjoyers of earth, can be followed, it is a pity that these wise men possessed of enviable might, accept the service of such (sorereigns, and do not practise that right-conduct). यस्मिन्नस्ति स भूमृतो घृतमहावंशाः प्रदेशः परः प्रज्ञापारमिता,नोन्नतिग्वना मृदुर्ना ध्रियन्ते श्रियै । भूयास्तस्य भुजद्गदुर्गमतमो मार्गों निराशस्ततो व्यक्तं वक्तुमयुक्तमार्यमहतां सर्वार्थसाक्षात्कृतः ॥६६॥ 98 That religion is the best, by (having followed) which (there were born) monarchs of very high families, who reached the height of wisdom, and acquired great prosperity; and to whom were bowed the heads of (persons) desirous of wealth The great path of that (religion) which is very difficult of access to the voluptuous and is free from desires, cannot properly be described by even the greatest of saints, and was only proclaimed by the omniscient, शरीरेऽस्मिन् सर्वाशुचिनि बहुदुःखेऽपि निवसन् व्यरंसीन्नो नैव प्रथयति जनः प्रीतिमधिकाम् । इमं दृष्ट्वाप्यस्माद्विरमयितुमेनं च यतते यतिर्याताख्यानैः परहितरतिं पश्य महतः।।६७ ॥ 97. A person living in this all-impure and very painful body does not become averse to it, (but) becomes greatly attached to it. A saint knowing this tries to ·32 THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE JAINAS. dissuade him from this with admonitions. See a highminded person's love of doing good to others. इत्थं तथेति बहुना किमुदीरितेन भूयस्त्वयैव ननु जन्मनि भुक्तमुक्तम् । एतावदेव कथितं तव संकलय्य सर्वापदां पदमिदं जननं जनानाम् ॥१८॥ 98 Of what avail is it to pointout repeatedly that this (body) is such, i. e., full of miseries and troubles and impurities.) Verily thou thyself hast enjoyed and discarded (it) in various births Briefly this much alone 'is said to thee that this body is the abode of all miseries for living beings. अन्तर्वातं वदनविवरे क्षुत्तृषार्तः प्रतीच्छन् कायत्तः सुचिरमुदरावस्करे वृद्धगृद्ध्या । निष्पन्दात्मा कृमिसहचरो जन्मनि लेशभीतो मन्ये जन्मिन्नपि च मरणाचन्निमित्ताधिभेपि ।। ६६ ।। 99. Under the sway of Karma, oppressed by hunger and thirst, thou hast while in the filthy womb, under the greed of growing, long desired to have in the hole of thy mouth what was eaten (by thy mother). Thou didst befriend the worms (there) and wast motionless being afraid of the pain in being born, Oh! born one. I think thou art (for the same reason) also afraid of death the cause of (birth). अजाकृपाणीयमनुष्ठितं त्वया विकल्पमुग्धेन भवादितः पुरा। यदन्न किञ्चित्सुखरूपमाप्यते तदार्य विद्धयन्धकवर्तकीयकम् ॥ 100. From the very beginning of birth, being devoid of discrimination thou hast played the part of the goat (who dug out) the knife (by which he was killed). Oh simple one, know that whatever trivial happiness is to be had here is like a blind man's accidently catching a sparrow. हा कष्टमिष्टवनिताभिरकाण्ड एव विखण्डयति पण्डितमानिनोऽपि।

·ATMANUSHASANA. 33 पश्यादुद्भुतं तदपि घोरतया सहन्ते दग्धुं तपोऽग्निभिरनुं न खलुत्सहन्ते ॥ १०१ ॥ 101. It is a pity, that cupid unexpectedly, worries through lovely women even those who consider themselves to be wise. See the wonder then, that they suffer deeply, but do not make bold to burn it by the fire of austerities अर्थिभ्यस्तृणवद्विचिन्त्य विषयान् कश्चिच्छ्रियं दत्तवान् पापां तामवितपिणीं विगणयन्नादात्परस्त्यसवान् । प्रागेवाकुशतां विमृश्य सुभगोऽप्यन्यो न पर्यग्रही- देते ते विदितोत्तरोत्तरवरा सर्वोत्तमास्त्यागिनः॥ १०२ ।। 102. Considering the objects of desire like straw, one gare his wealth to those who needed it; another, thinking it to be sinful and cause of discontent abandodned it at the outset ; and another good person did not accept it from the very first, thinking it to be evil Know that each one of these (three) high renouncers is better than the preceding one विरज्य सम्पदः सन्तस्त्यजन्ति किमिहाद्भुतम् । मावमीकि जुगुप्सावान् सुभुकमपि भोजनम् ॥ १०३ ॥ 103 What wonder is there that men leave their fortune, after being disgusted with it? Does not one yomit even tell-taken ford on feeling disgusted with it? श्रियं त्यजन् जडं शोक विस्मयं सात्विकं सताम् । करोति तत्वविचित्रं न शोकं न च विस्मयम् ॥१०४॥ 104, A fool feels sorry and a brave man proud in discarding fortune. It is a maryel that one, who knows the real nature of (wordly objects) feels neither sorry nor proud (in doing so). विमृश्योच्चैर्गर्भात् प्रभृति मृतिपर्यन्तमखिलम् मुधाप्येतत् क्लेशाशुचिभयनिकाराघवहुलम् ।

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बुधैस्त्याज्यं त्यागाद्यदि भवति मुक्तिश्च जडधी
स कस्त्यक्तुं नातं खलजनसमायोगसदृशम् ॥ १०५ ।
105 Knowing well this (body) from its conception
all along to its death to be full of pain, filthiness, fear,
contempt, and sin, and also of no avail, it is fit to be aban-
doned by the wise, if by abandonment liberation can be
had. What fool is that who cannot give up this body, as
(injurious as) the company of a wicked man.
कुवोधरागादिविचेष्टितैः फलम्
त्वयापि भूयोजननादि लक्षणम् ।
प्रतीहि भव्यप्रतिलोमवर्तिभि-
ध्रुवं फल प्राप्स्यसि तद्विलक्षणम् ।।१०६।।
108. Thou hast suffered the consequence of false
knowledge, attachment and such evil acts, in the shape
of births and re-births. Be assured that thou wilt certainly
attain just the opposite result (e. e liberation) by noble
acts of an opposite character (absence of attatchment, etc)
दयादमत्यागसमाधिसन्ततेः पथि प्रयाहि प्रगुणं प्रयत्नवान् ।
नयत्यवश्यं वचसामगोचरं विकल्पदूरं परमं किमप्यसौ ॥१०७॥
107 Pursue actively and straight, the path of conti-
nuous observance of compassion, self-control, renunciation,
and equanimity. This verıly leads (thee) to the highest
(position), free from anxieties and beyond the power of
words (to describe).
विज्ञाननिहितमोहं कुटीप्रवेशो विशुद्धकायमिव ।
त्यागः परिग्रहाणामवश्यमजरामरं कुरुते ॥१०॥
108. The renunciation of mundane objects undoubte
edly liberates one who has shaken off delusion by means
of right-knowledge, from decrepitude and death; just as
Kuti Pravesha (a kind of austerity) makes the body pure.
अभुक्त्वापि परित्यागात्स्वोच्छिष्टं विश्वमासितम् ।
येनचित्रं नमस्तस्मै कुमारब्रह्मचारिणे ॥१०६॥

·ÁTMÁNUSHASANA. 35 109 Obeisance to that young celibate, to whom the whole world, having been renounced without being enjoyed, is curiously, a remnant (of his past enjoyments). अकिञ्चनोऽहमित्यास्स्व त्रैलोक्याधिपतिर्भवेः। योगिगम्यं तव प्रोक्तं रहस्यं परमात्मनः ॥११०॥ 110. Live in a way as though (you felt), " Nothing is mine" and thou wilt be lord over the three worlds. The essence of divinity, as realised by the saints, is told thee (herein) दुर्लभमशुद्धमपसुग्वमविदितमृतिसमयमल्पपरमायुः। मानुप्यमिहैव तपो मुक्तिस्तपसैव तत्तपः कार्यम् ॥१११॥ 111 It is difficult to obtain this human life, which is impure, and void of happiness, the death time of which is not known, and which is of very short duration. Austerity can be practised in this human life, and Liberation can be obtained only through austerities. Hence austerity should be practised आराध्यो भगवान् जगत्रयगुरुवृत्तिः सतां सम्मता क्लेशस्तचरणस्मृतिः क्षतिरपि प्रप्रक्षयः कर्मणाम् । साध्यं सिद्धिसुखं कियान परिमितः कालो मनःसाधनम् सम्यक् चेतसि चिन्तयन्तु विधुरं किं वा समाधौ वुधाः ११२ 112 The one to be- propitiated 18 the Lord, the preceptor of the three worlds. The course of life is to be one applauded by the good. The only trouble is to remember the conduct of that (Lord) The only loss is the wasting away of Karmas. The goal to be achieved is the bliss of Liberation. The Time (required) is limited Mind only is to be contı olled. Let the wise think rightly in their mind, what difficulty is there in realization of the self द्रविणपवनप्राध्मातानां सुखं किमिहेक्षते किमपि किमयं कामव्याधः खलीकुरुते खलः।

·36 THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE JAINAS चरणमपि किं स्पृष्टुं शक्ताः पराभवपांशवो वदत तपसोऽप्यन्यन्मान्यं समीहितसाधनम् ॥११३॥ 113. What happiness does (a man) see in those who are oppressed by the hot winds of wealth. Can this wicked Desire, hunter-like, spoil (the character of a good man)? Can the dust of humiliation even touch the feet (of an ascetic)? Tell me, if there be any other laudable means except asceticism, of attaining (liberation). इहैव सहजान रिपून्विजयते प्रकोपादिकान् गुणा: परिणमन्ति चानमुभिरप्ययं वाञ्छति । पुरश्च पुरुषार्थसिद्धिरचिरात् स्वयं यायिनी नरो न रमते कथं तपसि तापसंहारिणी ॥११॥ 114. In this very (world, the ascetic) vanquishes (his) enemies, anger and other (passions), and acquires merits which (one) wishes for even by (laying down one's) life. The success of human efforts (Liberation) comes in front, of itself Why does not a man then take delight in austerity, the annihilator of pain. तपोऽवल्यां देहः समुपचितपुण्यार्जितफल: शलावग्रे यस्य प्रसव इव कालेन गलितः। व्यशुष्यच्चायुष्यं सलिलमिव संरक्षितपयः स धन्यः संन्यालाहुतभुजि समाधानचरमम् ॥११॥ 115. Blessed is he whose body drops down like the flower at the end of an unripe fruit, after having produced the full grown fruit of merit in the creeper of austerity, and whose (stream of) life, (having attained) complete self-realization is dried up in the fire of asceticism, like water protecting milk. श्रमी प्ररूढवैराग्यास्तनुलप्यनुपाल्य यत् । तपस्यन्ति चिरं तद्धि ज्ञातं ज्ञानस्य वैभवम् ॥११॥ 116 Know this as the glory of knowledge that these spritually-advanced ascetics practise austerities for long, and take care of the body also ·ATMÁNUSHASANA 87 क्षणार्द्धमपि देहेन साहचर्य सहेत कः। यदि प्रकोष्ठमादाय न स्याद्वोधो निरोधकः ॥११७॥ 117. What ascetic would have suffered association with this body even for half a moment, if Right Knowledge had not by grasping his wrist prevented him (from getting rid of it)? समस्तं साम्राज्यं तृणमिव परित्यज्य भगवा- तपस्यन्निर्माणः क्षुधित इव दीनः परगृहान् । किलाटेक्षिार्थी स्वयमलभमानोऽपि जुचिरं न सोढव्यं किंवा परमिह परैः कार्यशतः ॥१८॥ 118. Verily did the Lord (Rishabha Deva) himself, after renouncing all his empire, like a straw, and being engaged in austerities, wander without pride, for food, like a poor hungry person, to the door of others, and did not get it for a long time What difficulties should others not endure for the sake of their object (of obtaining liberation) ? पुरा गर्भादिन्द्रो मुकलितकरः किङ्कर इव स्वयं सृष्टा सृष्टेः पतिरथनिधीनां निजसुतः । क्षुधित्वा परमासान् स किल पुरुरप्याट जगती- महो केनाप्यस्मिन् विलसितमलंघ्यं हतविधेः ॥११६।। 119 Whom (for 6 month) before conception Indra (served) with folded hands, like a servant, who himself (was) the organiser of all organisation, whose son (Bharata was) the possesser of the (nine) treasures (Nidhis), even he, the great (Rishabha Deva) wandered on earth for 6 months, without getting food. Well, the frolics of Doomed Destiny (Karma) are insurmountable by anyone, प्राक् प्रकाशप्रधानः स्यात् प्रदीप इव संयमी। पश्चात्तापप्रकाशाभ्यां भास्वानिव हि भासताम् ॥१२०॥ 120. An ascetic, in the first stage chiefly radiates light (of knowledge), like a lamp Later on he glows with light and glory (of omniscience) like the sun.

·38 THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE JAINAS. भूत्वा दीपोपमो धीमान् ज्ञानचारित्रभास्वरः । स्वमन्यं भासयत्येष प्रोद्वमत्कर्मकज्जलम् ॥१२॥ 121 The wise (ascetic) who resembles a lamp, becomes resplendent with right-knowledge and right conduct, and removing the soot of Karmas, makes the self and non-self manifest. अशुभाच्छुभमायातः शुद्धः स्यादयमागमात् । रवेरप्राप्तसन्ध्यस्य तमसो न समुद्गमः ॥१२२।। 122. Emerging from evil into good, this (soul) reaches, with the help of the scriptures, (the stage of) pure thought activity Darkness (of ignorance) cannot exist in presence of the pre-evening sun (of knowledge). विधूततमसो रागस्तपःश्रुतनिबन्धनः । संध्याराग इवार्कस्य जन्तोरभ्युदयाय सः ॥१२३॥ 123. The red tinge (2e., attachment), of a person whose ignorance is dispelled, supports austerity and scriptural knowledge; and like the red dawn of the rising sun is for the prosperity of all beings विहाय व्याप्तमालोकं पुरस्कृत्य पुनस्तमः। रविवद्रागमागच्छन् पातालतलमृच्छति ॥१२४॥ 124. But, one having attachment (otherwise) goes down below like the (setting) sun, leaving the spreading light and plunging forward into darkness. ज्ञानं यत्र पुरःसरं सहचरी लज्जा तपः संवलम् चारित्रं शिविका निवेशनभुव: स्वर्गा गुणा रक्षकाः । पंथाश्च प्रगुणं शमाम्वुबहुल: छाया या भावना यानं तन्मुनिमापयेदभिमतं स्थानं विना विप्लवैः ॥१२॥ 125. Such a passage of meditation would lead an ascetic to the desired goal, without any mishaps, where knowledge is the guide, modesty a companion, austerities the provision, right conduct a palanquin, heayens the ·ÁTMÁNUSHASANA 39 halting places, merits guards, the way straight, with abundance of the water of tranquility (of mind), com. passion a shade, and meditation a chariot. मिथ्या दृष्टिविपान्वदन्ति फणिनो दृष्टं तदा सुस्फुट यासामविलोकनैरपि जगद्दन्दह्यते मर्वतः। तास्त्वय्येव विलोमवर्तिनि भृशं भ्राम्यन्ति बद्धक्रुधः स्त्रीरूपेण विपं हि केवलमतस्तद्गोचरं मास्मगाः ॥१२६।। 128. They wrongly call cobras to be poisonous by sight, when it has been clearly seen, that even by half a glance of (women) the world is wholly burnt out When thou hast turned away from them, they roam about thee in anger. The only poison is the woman Do not therefore approach the same क्रुद्धाः प्राणहरा भवन्ति भुजगा दष्दैव काले कचि- त्तेषामौषधयश्च सन्ति बहवः सद्योविषव्युच्छिदः । हन्यु. स्त्रीभुजगाः पुरेह च मुहुः क्रुद्धा प्रसन्नास्तथा योगीन्द्रानपि तानिरौपधविषा दृष्टाश्च दष्ट्रापि च ॥१२७॥ 127. Cobras are deprivers of life, only occasionally when they bite in rage, there are many remedies which quickly remove their poison Women-cobras whether in rage or in smiles, kill even master-ascetics, here and hereafter, again and again, whether they bite, or are looked at, and by looking or being looked at, and there is no remedy for their poison एतामुत्तमनायिकामभिजनावा जगत्प्रेयसी मुक्तिश्रीललनां गुणप्रणयिनीं गन्तुं तवेच्छा यदि । तां त्वं संस्कृरु वर्जयान्यवनिता वार्तामपि प्रस्फुट तस्यामेव रतिं तनुष्व नितरां प्रायेण सेाः स्त्रियः ॥१२८|| 128. If thou desirest to have this exquisite and beautiful woman, eternal bliss, inaccessible to men of common run, dear to the whole world and a lover of virtues, then adorn her, give up entirely the talk of any other woman;

·40 THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE JAINAS. (and) show your love constantly to her alone; (since) women, as a rule, are jealous वचनसलिलैहासस्वच्छस्तरङ्गसुग्बोदरै- चंदनकमायेप्रम्याः स्त्रियः सरसीसमाः। इह हि बहवः प्रास्तप्रज्ञास्तटेऽपि पिपासवो विषयविपमग्राहग्रस्ताः पुनर्न समुद्गताः ॥१२६॥ 129. Women are like lakes, outwardly inviting'3 their talk, and laughter, are pleasant like clear water with waves, their faces are like lotuses. On their banks only, many foolish and thirsty (men) have been caught by the terrible crocodile of Desire and have never emerged. पापिष्टैर्जगती विधीतमभितः प्रज्वाल्य रागानलं कुरिन्द्रियलुब्धकर्भयपदैः संत्रासिता सर्वतः । हन्तैते शरणैपिणो जनमृगाः स्त्रीछद्मना निम्मितम् घातस्थानानुपाश्रयन्ति मदनव्याधाधिपस्याकुलाः ॥१३०॥ 130 How sad it is that men like deer desiring for shelter, enter the slaughter-house of Cupid, the masterhunter, constructed in the form of women, when the world is frightened on all sides by the enraged, terror-striking, and wicked sense-gratification hunters, who have made and kindled the fire of desire all around. अपनप तपोऽग्निना भयजुगुप्सयोरास्पद शरीरमिदम दग्धशववन्न किं पश्यसि । वृथा व्रजसि किं रति ननु न भीपयस्यातुरो निसर्गतरला नियस्त्वदिह ताः स्फुटं विभ्यति ॥१३॥ 131. Oh shameless (ascetic)' Dost thou not see this body (of thine), rendered, by the fire of austerity, an object of contempt and fear, like a half-burnt corpse. Afflicted by desire, why dost thou entertain vain love, and not frighten them; The naturally tremulous women however, are evidently afraid of thee, Verses 132, 133, 134 omitted.

·ATMANUSHASANA. 41 कण्ठस्था कालकूटोऽपि शम्भोः किमपि नाकरोत् । सोऽपि दन्दह्यते स्त्रीभिः स्त्रियो हि विषम विषम् ॥१३॥ 135. Even Shiva, who was not at all effected by the deadly poison in his throat, was affected by women. Women indeed are the worst of poisons तव युवतिशरीरे सर्वदोषैकपात्रे रतिरमृतमयूखाद्यर्थसाधयंतश्चेत् । ननु शुचिषु शुभेषु प्रीतिरेष्वेव साध्वी मदनमधुमदान्धे प्रायशः को विवेकः ॥१३६॥ 138 Thy attachment for the woman's body, which is full of defects, is because of its resemblance with the moon, etc. Verily the attachment for these good and pure (objects) is praise-worthy. (But) what discrimination can, there be in a man blinded by the intoxication of the wine of lust मियामनुभवत्स्वयं भवति कातरं केवलं परेष्वनुभवत्सु तां विपयिषु स्फुटं हादते । मनो ननु नपुंसकं त्विति न शब्दतश्चार्थतः सुधी कथमनेन सन्नुभयथा पुमान् जीयते ॥१३७॥ 137 The mind itself is totally impotent in enjoying the beloved, (and) rejoices greatly while others (the senses) are enjoying her The mind is neuter not only in grammar but in sense also. Why (then) is the wise man, who is both ways (grammatically and practically) masculine, be vanquished by mind? राज्यं सौजन्ययुक्तं श्रुतवदुरुतपः पूज्यमत्रापि यस्मात् त्यक्त्वा राज्यं तपस्यन्नलघुरतिलघुः स्यात्तपः प्रोड राज्यम् । राज्यात्तस्मात्मपूज्यं तप इति मनसाऽऽलोच्य धीमानुग्रं कुर्यादायः समग्रं प्रभवभयहरं सत्तप: पापभीरुः ॥१३८॥ 138. In this world sovereignty with just rule and with scriptural knowledge is respected as a high austerity. Since one relinquishing sovereignty and practising austerity ·42 THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE JAINAS. is great, and the one relinquishing austerity and taking up sovereignty is very low, therefore asceticism is superior to kingship. Thinking thus, a sin-fearing, noble, and wise man, should whole-heartedly practise the exalted noble austerity which removes all fear of transmigration, पुरा शिरसि धार्यन्ते पुष्पाणि विबुधैरपि । पश्चात्पादोऽपि नास्पाक्षीकि न कुर्याद्गुणक्षतिः ॥१३६।। 189. Flowers are first placed even by celestials on their heads, afterwards (when the fragrance has died out) even the foot does not touch them. What may not result from a loss of merits? हे चन्द्रमः किमिति लान्छनवानभूस्त्वम् तद्वान् भवेः किमिति तन्मय एव नाभूः। किं ज्योत्स्नया मलमलं तव घोषयन्त्या स्वर्भानुवन्ननु तथा सति नासि लक्ष्यः ॥१४०॥ 140. Oh! moon why art thou with a spot. If thou hast it, why art thou not all one with it? What is the good of thy light, which clearly proclaims (thy) blemish? Verily thou wouldst not have been the butt if thou hadst been (all black) like the planet Rahu विकाशयन्ति भव्यस्य मनोमुकुलमंशवः रखेरिवारविन्दस्य कठोराश्च गुरूक्तयः ॥१४१॥ 141. Even the harsh words of a preceptor open the bud of the heart of ope, fit to be liberated, just as the rays of the sun (do) blossom a lotus bud, दोषान्कांबन तान्प्रवर्तकतया प्रच्छाच गच्छुत्ययं सार्द्ध तैः सहसा म्रियेदि गुरुः पश्चात् करोत्येष किम् । तस्मान्मे न गुरुर्गुरुर्गुरूतरान् कृत्वा लघूश्च स्फुटम् ब्रूते यः सततं समीक्ष्य निपुणं सोऽयं खलः सद्गुरुः ॥१४२॥ 142. If a preceptor over-looks several faults of a pupil, with a view to set them right (afterwards), and if the pupil suddenly dies with them, then what can that ५ ·ATMANUSHASANA. 43 (Guru) do? Hence that preceptor is not my preceptor, who makes little of my faults ; (but) that wicked man is a true preceptor, who obseryes my defects in details, and proclaims them constantly, लोकद्वयहितं वक्तुं श्रोतुं च सुलभाः पुरा । दुर्लभाः कर्तुमयत्वे वक्तुं श्रोतुं च दुर्लभाः ॥१४३।। 143. Formerly it was easy to find speakers and hearers of words, useful for both the worlds, but men who acted up to them were scarce. But now-a-days (eyen) the speakers and hearers (of wholesome words) are rare. गुणागुणविवेकिभिर्विहितमप्यलं दूषणं भवेत्सदुपदेशवन्मतिमतामतिप्रीतये । कृतं किमपि धार्टयतः स्तवनमप्यतीर्थोषित- ने तोषयति तन्मनांसि खलु कष्टमज्ञानता ।।१४४॥ 144. To the wise, eyen the faults found by the discriminators between virtue and vice, are a cause of great pleasure, like wholesome advice. (And) eyen irrelevant praise by the vicious, does not gratify their hearts. Ignorance is surely to be pitied. त्यक्तहेत्वन्तरापेक्षा गुणदोषनिवन्धनौ । यस्यादानपरित्यागौ स एव विदुषां वरः ॥१४॥ 145. Only he whose acceptance and renunciation are associated with merits and demerits (respectively), independently of any other consideration, is the wise of the wise. हितं हित्वाहिते स्थित्वा दुर्दुःखायसे भृशम् । विपर्यये तयोरेधि त्वं सुखायिष्यसे सुधीः ॥१४६।। 148. By abandoning the beneficial and by adopting the injurious (path), a fool suffers seriously Proceed on the contrary (path), and thou wilt be happy, O wise man, Attachment even to wholesome things must be given up. इमे दोषास्तेषां प्रभवनममीभ्यो नियमितो गुणाश्चैते तेषामपि भवनमेतेभ्य इति यः।

·44 THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE JAINAS. - त्यजस्त्याज्यान हेतून् झटिति हितहेतून् प्रतिभजन स विद्वान् सवृत्तः स हि स हि निधिः सौख्ययशसोः॥१४७॥ 147. One, who has ascertained that these are demerits and these are their origins, and that these are merits and from these they have sprung, promptly abandons and accepts the objects (respectively), worthy of abandonment and acceptance. Such a one is wise, such a one is along the right line of conduct, and only such a one is a repository of bliss and renown. साधारणौ सकलजन्तुषु वृद्धिनाशी जन्मान्तरार्जितशुभाशुभकर्मयोगात् । धीमान्स यः सुगतिसाधनवृद्धिनाश- स्तयत्ययाद्विगतधीरपरोऽभ्यधायि ॥१४॥ 148. Rise and fall are common to all things accord. ing to the meritorious and demeritorious Karmas acquired in past life. That man is wise who for attaining a good next condition of existence increases (his merits), and removes his (demerits). The man opposed to this (view) is a fool. This has been said कलौ दण्डो नीतिः स च नृपतिभिस्ते नृपतयो नयन्त्यर्थार्थ तं न च धनमदोऽस्त्याश्रमवताम् । मतानामाचार्या न हि नतिरताः साधुचरिता- स्तपस्तेषु श्रीमन्मणय इव जाताः प्रविरलाः ।। १४६ ।। 149. In this Kalı age, justice is by punishment, and it (is awarded) by the Kings The Kings employ it to exact money. The ascetics have no pride of money The preceptors are fond of obeisance and are only led by those who bow to them. Among ascetics, those who follow right conduct and are not fond of obeisance are scarce like resplendent gems. एते ते मुनिमानिनः कवलिताः कान्ताकटाक्षक्षण- रङ्गालग्नशरावसन्नहरिणप्रख्या भ्रमन्याकुला।

·ATMANUSHASANA. 45 सन्ध विषयाटवीस्थलतले स्वान्क्वाप्यहो न क्षमाः मावाजीन्मरुदाहताभचपलैः संसर्गमेभिर्भवान् ॥१५०।। 160. Those, who call themselves ascetics, are a prey to the side-long glances of the eyes of women, Like deer with their bodies pierced by arrows, they wander distressed. Alas! they are not able to rest themselves any where on the face of the earth in this forest of desire. O you, do not come in contact with (such saints) who are fickle like the clouds, beaten by winds. गेहं गुहा परिदधासि दिशो विहाय- संयानमिष्टमशनं तपसोऽभिवृद्धिः। प्राप्तागमार्थ तव सन्ति गुणाः कलन- मप्रार्थ्यवृत्तिरसि यामि वृथैव याचाम् ॥१५१॥ 151. Thy residence is a cave; thou art clad with the points of the compass, the sky is thy vehicle, advancement in austerities is (thy) palatable meal, (and) the qualities (of a saint) thy beloved wife. Thy food is free from humble supplication. In vain dost thou, O acquirer of the essence of the scriptures, become a supplicant (for worldly objects). परमाणोः परं नाल्पं नभसो न महत्परम् । इति ब्रुवन् किमद्राक्षीनिमी दीनाभिमानिनौ ॥१५२॥ 152 Nothing is smaller than an atom; and nothing greater than the sky Certainly one who says so, has not seen the supplicant, and the self-respecting. याचितुर्गौरवं दातुर्मन्ये संक्रान्तमन्यथा । तवस्थौ कथं स्यातामेतो गुरुलघू तदा ॥१५३।। 153 I think that the self-respect of the supplicant goes over to the donor. Otherwise, how else could their positions have been high and low. अधो जिघृक्षवो यान्ति यान्त्यूर्ध्वमाजिघृक्षवः । इति स्पष्टं वदन्तो वा नामोन्नामौ तुलान्तयोः ॥१५४ ।।

·16 THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE JAINAS. 154. The supplicants (heavy with dependence upon others) sink low, and the non-supplicants, (light with independence) rise upwards. This is clearly proved by the going down and rising up of the scale-pans of a balance. सस्वमाशासते सर्वे न स्वं तत्सर्वतर्पि यत् । भर्थिवैमुख्यसंपादि सस्वत्वान्निास्वता धरम् ॥१५॥ 156. All men expect (something from) a man of wealth; there is no wealth which can satisfy all, Possession-less-ness is therefore superior to possession of wealth, which must disappoint (some) supplicant. भाशाखनिरतीषाभूदगाधा निधिभिश्च या। सापि येन समीभूता तत्ते मानधनं धनम् ॥१५६।। 158. That wealth of self-respect is thy wealth, which has made even (filled up) the cavity of desire, which could not be filled up even by the (nine) Nidhis, (treasures of a Chakravarti) पाशाखनिरगाधेयमधाकृतजगत्त्रया। उत्सर्योत्सर्य तत्रस्थानहो सद्भिः समीकृता ॥१५७॥ 157. The ascetics have levelled up the pit of desires, which could not be filled up by the (objects of) the three worlds, by constantly removing (the desires) which found place there. This is wonderful विहितविधिना देहस्थित्यै तपांस्युपवृहय- नशनमपरैर्भक्त्या दत्तं कचित् कियदिच्छति । तदपि नितरां लज्जाहेतुः किलास्य महात्मनः कथमयमहो गृहात्यन्यान्परिग्रहदुर्ग्रहान् ॥१५८॥ 168. (An ascetic) while advancing his austerities, takes occasionally, in order to preserve the body, a little food given by others, out of religious devotion, in accordance with prescribed rules. Why! even that is very much a cause of shame to that high-souled (ascetic, for it makes ' him dependent on others). It is a great wonder then ·ÁTMÁNUSHASANA. how this (ascetic) accepts other worldly objects, fit to be discarded. दातारो गृहचारिणः किल धनं देयं तदत्राशनं गहन्तः स्वशरीरतोऽपि विरताः सर्वोपकारेच्छया । लज्जेषेध मनस्विनां ननु पुनः कृत्वा कथं तत्फलं रागद्वेषवशीभवन्ति तदिदं चक्रेश्वरत्वं कलेः ॥१५॥ 159 Here, the house-holders are donors and food is the only subject of gift. Those who accept it with the object of doing good to all have no attachment for even their own bodies Even this (acceptance is) humiliation for the high-minded (sages). How then, (some of them) consider it (food) as the fruit of asceticism, and are moved by likes and dislikes? This is the supremacy of Kali age. मामृष्ट सहजं तव त्रिजगतीयोधाधिपत्यं तथा सौख्यं चात्मसमुद्भवं विनिहतं निर्मूलतः कर्मणा । दैन्यात्तद्विहितैस्त्वमिन्द्रियसुखैः सन्तृप्यसे नित्रपा स त्वं यश्चिरयातनाकदशनैर्वद्धस्थितिस्तुष्यसि ॥१०॥ 180. Thy in-born power of knowing the three worlds has been eradicated, and the happiness arising from within thyself uprooted by Karma. If thou art pleased by maintaining (thy-self) with unsavoury food (acquired) after long sufferings, and gratified in (thy) meanness by sensepleasures given by that Karma, thou art without shame, indeed. सृष्णा भोगेषु चेद्भिक्षो सहस्वाल्पं स्वरेव ते। प्रतीक्ष्य पाकं किं पीत्वा पेया भुक्ति विनाशये ॥१६॥ 181. Oh ascetic! If there be (in thee a) thirst for pleasures, have a little patience Verily those (pleasures) will be thine in heaven. Why should one mar one's ap. petite by drinking water, without having waited for the serving up of (dishes)? निर्धनत्वं धनं येषां मृत्युरेव हि जीवितम् । किं करोति विधिस्तेषां सता ज्ञानकचक्षुषाम् ॥१६२।।

·48 THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE JAINAS. 162 What can Karma do to saints who see with discrimination, whose wealth is possession-less-ness and to whom death itself is life. जीविताशा धनाशा च येषां तेषां विधिविधिः। किं करोति विधिस्तेषां येषामाशा निराशता ।।१६३॥ 163. Karma is a ruler to those who desire life and aspire for wealth. What can Karma do to them, whose desire has been extinguished. पर कोटिं समारूढौ द्वावेव स्तुतिनिन्दयो। यस्त्यजेत्तपसे चक्रं यस्तपोविषयाशया ॥१४॥ 184. Only those two have reached the highest stages of praise and blame; one who renounces Empire for the sake of austerity, and the one who relinquishés austerity for sense-gratification. त्यजतु तपसे चक्र चक्री यतस्तपसा फलं सुखमनुपमं स्वोसं (त्थं) नित्यं ततो न तदद्भुतम् । इदमिह महचित्रं यत्तद्विषं विषयात्मक पुनरपि सुधीस्त्यक्तं भोक्तुं जहाति महत्तपः ॥१६॥ 185. Since unrivalled eternal bliss, arising from one's ownself, is the fruit of austerities, an Emperor may renounce his kingdom for asceticism There is no wonder in this (But) this is a great wonder in this world that a wise man should relinquish noble austerity to feed again upon the poison of sense-pleasures, which had been renounced शय्यातलादपि तु कोऽपि भयं प्रपाता- तुङ्गात्ततः खलु विलोक्य किलात्मपीडाम् । चित्रं त्रिलोकशिखरापि दूरतुङ्गा- द्धीमान्स्वयं न तपसः पतनाबिभेति ॥१६६॥ 166 Fore-seeing injury to self, one is afraid of falling down even from a high bed-stead. It is a wonder ·ATMÁNUSHASANA 49 that the wise (ascetic) does not fear falling off from austerity, higher than the pinnacle of the three worlds. विशुद्धयति दुराचारः सर्वोऽपि तपसा ध्रुवम् । करोनि मलिनं तच्च किल सर्वाधरोऽपरः ॥१६७॥ 167. Verily all sin is purified by austerities. But he is surely the vilest of all, who defiles that (austerity itself). सन्त्येव कौतुकशतानि जगत्सु किन्तु विस्मापकं तदलमेतदिह द्वयं नः। पीत्वामृतं यदि वमन्ति विसृष्टपुण्या: संप्राप्य संयमनिधिं यदि च त्यजन्ति ॥१६॥ 188. There are hundreds of wonderful things in this world. To us these two are the most wonderful; the unfortunate men who vomit nectar after taking it, (and) those who reject the treasure of austerity, after having acquired it. इह विनिहितवहारम्भवायोरुशत्रो- रुपचितनिजशक्तनापरः कोऽप्यपायः। प्रशनशयनयानस्थानदत्तावधान: कुरु तव परिरक्षामान्तरान् हन्तुकामः ॥१६॥ 169 There is no other risk, here for one, who has subjugated the external powerful enemy of numerous occupations, and concentrated the soul force. Desirous of extirpating thy internal enemies, protect thyself from all sides, paying attention to food, sleep, movement, and posture. अनेकान्तात्मार्थप्रसवफलभारातिविनते वचः पर्णाकीणे विपुलनयशाखाशतयुते । समुत्तुने सम्यक् प्रततमतिमूले प्रतिदिनं श्रुतस्कन्धे धीमान् रमयतु मनोमर्कटममुम् ॥१७०॥ 170. A wise man should always beguile the mindmonkey on the very lofty scripture-tree, which is drooping down with the load of the fruit and flowers of substances

·50
THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE JAINAS,
dealt from many points of view, spreading with foliage
of (sound) counsel, having hundreds of extensive branches
of rules of Logic, and whose roots of sensitive knowledge
have spread far and deep.
तदेव तदत्तद्रूपं प्राप्नुवन्न विरंस्यति ।
इति विश्वमनाचतं चिन्तयेद्विश्ववित्सदा ॥१७॥
171. One, (versed in all the Principles of Jainism
should ever think that this universe is without a beginning
and without an end. It is never destroyed; it remains
the same (with reference to continuity of its substances)
and not the same (having regard to modifications in the
forms of substances).
एकमेकक्षणे सिद्धं ध्रौव्योत्पत्तिव्ययात्मकम् ।
अबाधितान्येतत्मत्ययान्यथानुपपत्तितः॥१७२।।
172. It is an established truth that a substance is
possessed of the three qualities of continuity (Dhrauvya)
rise, (Utapada), and decay (Vyaya) at one and the same
time, otherwise (we) cannot have the irrefutable belief
that (a thing Is) the same and a different one (at the
same time).
न स्थास्नु न क्षणविनाशिन बोधमानं
नाभावमप्रतिहतप्रतिभासरोधात् ।
तत्त्वं प्रतिक्षणभवत्तदतत्स्वरूप-
माद्यन्तहीनमखिलं च तथा यथैकम् ॥१७॥
173. Substance (in principle) is neither (altogether)
permanent nor destructible, at every moment, nor know-
able alone, nor (merely) non-existent, because (a one-sided
view) 'is not irrefutably demonstrated. (Substance) is
at every moment, the same and not the same, and without
beginning and without- end. (This is) as (true) with
regard to all (substances) as (it is) with regard to one.
ज्ञानस्वभावः स्यादात्मा स्वभावावाप्तिरच्युतिः।
तस्मादच्युतिमाकांक्षन् भावयेज्ञानभावनाम् ॥१७॥

·ATMANUSHASANA.
51
174. The natural characteristic of the soul is know.
ledge The possession of natural characteristic is without
destruction. So one wishing indestructibility, should con-
template upon and attain (self) knowledge.
ज्ञानमेव फलं ज्ञाने ननु श्लाघ्यमनश्वरम् ।
अहो मोहस्य माहात्म्यमन्यदप्यत्र मृग्यते ॥१७॥
175. Verily enlightenment (omniscience) is the ador-
able and indestructible fruit achievable by (right) know-
ledge. Great is the might of the deluding Karma, that
even some other (fruit, such as sense-gratification, etc.)
is here looked for
शास्त्राग्नौ मणिवदव्यो विशुद्धो भाति निर्वृतः
अङ्गारवत् खलो दीसो मली वा भस्म वा भवेत् ॥१७६॥
176. A self-contented and pure person, fit to be
liberated, glovs (brightly) in the flame (light) of the
scriptures, like a jewel A wicked person, burning there
like charcoal, turns either black or into ashes.
मुहुः प्रसार्य सज्ज्ञानं पश्यन् भावान् यथास्थितान् ।
प्रीत्यप्रीती निराकृत्य ध्यायेध्यात्मविन्मुनिः॥१७७।।
177 An ascetic, knowing the supreme nature of
the soul, perceiving the essences (essential nature of
things) as they are, extending his right knowledge again
and again, and exterminating love and hate, should con-
template (upon the supreme self)
वेष्टनाद्वेष्टने यावत् तावद्भ्रान्तिर्भवार्णवे ।
श्रावृत्तिपरिवृत्ताभ्यां जन्तोमन्थानुकारिणः ॥१७८॥
178.' The living being, like a churning stick, wanders
in this ocean of births with goings and comings (births
and rebirths) so long as there are the tying and untying
(by the rope in case of the churning rod, and by Karmas
in case of the living being)
मुच्यमानेन पाशेन भ्रान्तिवन्धश्च मन्थवत् ।
जन्तुस्तथासौ मोक्तव्यो येनाभ्रान्तिरवन्धनम् ॥१७॥

·52 THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE JAINAS. 179. The living being, like the churning stick, gets turning on (one side) and binding (on the other) when the rope is loosened The rope is to be loosened in such a way that there be neither turning nor binding. रागद्वेषकृताभ्यां जन्तोर्वन्धः प्रवृत्त्यवृत्तिभ्याम् । तत्वज्ञानकृताभ्यां ताभ्यामवेक्ष्यते मोक्षः ॥१८॥ 180. The acquisitions and renunciations through attachraent and hatred (cause) the binding of a living being. And these very (acquisitions and renunciations) lead to liberation, when accompanied with right-selfknowledge. द्वेषानुरागवुद्धिगुणदोषकृता करोति खलु पापम् । तद्विपरीता पुण्यं तदुभयरहिता तयोर्मोक्षम् ॥१८॥ 181. The intellect disliking virtues and liking vices verily binds demerits ; (and) merit, (when) acting contrary. wise, Free from both (like and dislike) (there is) liberation from both (the demeritorious and meritorious Karmas). मोहबीजाद्रतिद्वेषौ बीजान मूलाङ्कुराविव । तस्माज्ज्ञानाग्निना दाह्यं तदेतौ निर्दिधिक्षुणा ॥१८२।। 182. From the seed of delusion (spring) the two sprouts of attachment and hatred, just like roots and sprouts from a seed. So one desirous of extirpating these two, should burn down the (seed of delusion) by he fire of (self) knowledge. पुराणो ग्रहदोषोत्थो गम्भीरः सगतिः सरुक् । त्यागजात्यादिना मोहवणः शुद्धयति रोहति ॥१८॥ 183 The deep, moving (the man in the four condi. tions of existence), painful and chronic boil of delusion, caused by the error of (attachment for) worldly objects, is cleared and healed up by such ointment as the renunciation (of non-self, realization of the self) ·ATMANUSHASANA. 53 सुहृदः सुखयन्तः स्युर्दु खयन्ता यदि द्विषः । सुहृदोऽपि कथं शोच्या द्विषो दुःखयितुं मृताः ॥१८॥ 184 If friends bring pleasures, and enemies bring miseries; then why should those enemies (wife, son, etc,) be mourned, who died only to cause thee pain although they were (apparently) friends? अपरमरणे मत्वात्मीयानलङ्घयतमे रुदन् । विलपतितरां स्वस्मिन् मृत्यौ तथास्य जडात्मनः।। विभयमरणे भूयः साध्यं यशः परजन्म वा । कथमिति सुधीः शोकं कुर्यान्मृतेऽपि न केनचित् ॥१८॥ 185. This foolish man laments the inevitable death of others, thinking them as his own. And he laments still more on (thinking of) his own death. Renown and better life hereafter can be obtained by a fearless death. Why should a wise man grieve, on account of death eyen None (should therefore grieve) हाने शोकस्ततो दुःखं लाभाद्रागस्ततः सुखम् । तेन हानावशोकः सन् सुखी स्यात् सर्वदा सुधीः ॥१८६॥ 186. From loss (arises) sorrow, and there-from pain. From gain (arises) delight, and there-from pleasure A wise man should therefore be always happy, not being touched by sorrow on account of loss. सुखी सुखमिहान्यत्र दुःखी दुःखं समश्नुते । सुखं सकलसंन्यासो दुःखं तस्य विपर्ययः ॥१८॥ 187. In this and the next world, a happy man enjoys happiness, (and) an unhappy man experiences pain Renunciation of all is happiness, and its contrary (18) misery मृत्योर्मुत्यवन्तरप्राप्तिरुत्पत्तिरिह देहिनाम् । तत्र प्रमुदितान्मन्ये पाश्चात्ये पक्षपातिनः ॥१८॥ 188. In this world birth after death is the origin of another death, because death is the very necessary cause of birth and vice versa I think that those, who rejoice on birth are partial to the other (viz, death).

·54 THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE JAINAS. अधीत्य सकलं श्रुतं चिरमुपास्य घोरं तपो यदीच्छसि फलं तयोरिह हि लाभपूजादिकम् । छिनत्सि सुतपस्तरोः प्रसवमेव शून्याशयः कथं समुपलप्स्यसे सुरसमस्य पक्वं फलम् ॥१८६॥ 189. Having studied all the scriptures and having undergone severe austerities, if thou as their fruit, Wishest wealth, respect, etc, in this very world, then, O devoid of discrimination, thou takest away the very flower of the beautiful tree of austerity. How canst thou have its juicy ripe fruit? तथा श्रुतमधीष्व शश्वदिहलोकपंक्तिं विना शरीरमपि शोषय प्रथितकायसंक्लेशनैः। कषायविषयद्विषो विजयसे यथा दुर्जयान् शमं हि फलमामनन्ति मुनयस्तपःशास्त्रयोः॥१६॥ 190. Always study the scriptures without (caring for the common) line of the people (wordly fame and respect), and mortify the body by severe austerities, in such a way, that thou mayst subjugate thy invincible enemies, the sense-enjoyments. The sages regard only passionlessness as the fruit of austerities and study of scriptures. दृष्ट्वा जनं व्रजसि किं विषयाभिलाषं स्वल्पोऽप्यसौ तव महजनयत्यनर्थम् । स्नेहाद्युपक्रमजुषो हि यथातुरस्य दोषो निषिद्धचरणं न तथेतरस्य ॥१६१॥ 191. Following (common) people why dost thou crave for sense enjoyments ? Even a little of that (craving) does thee great harm. The taking in of oily things prohibited for the sick under medical treatment, is injurious (to him), not so to others. अहितविहितप्रीतिः प्रीतं कलत्रमपि स्वयं सकृदपकृतं श्रुत्वा सद्यो जहाति जनोऽप्ययम् ।

·ATMÁNUSHASANA
55
स्वहितनिरतः साक्षाद्दोपं समीक्ष्य भवे भवे
विषयविषवद्यासाभ्यासं कधं कुरुते बुधः ॥१६॥
192. Even this (ordinary) man who is greatly
swayed by affection, immediately gives up himself, even
his beloved wife, on hearing of (her) misconduct How
does this wise man engaged in self-advancement, take the
poisoned food of sense-pleasures having clearly realised
their injurious nature in various births ?
आत्मन्नात्मविलोपनात्मचरितैरासीदुरात्मा चिरं
स्वात्मास्याःसकलात्मनीनचरितैरात्मीकृतैरात्मनः ।
श्रात्मेत्यां परमात्मतां प्रतिपतन्प्रत्यात्मविद्यात्मक
स्वात्मोत्थात्मसुखो निषीदसि लसन्नध्यात्ममध्यात्मना १६३
193. O soul, thou hast long been vicious, by self
injurious self-actions Be thy own self, by adopting all
the self-inherent qualities of the soul. Having obtained
thy own supreme soul-hood, and identified with all self-
knowledge, and realizing soul-happiness, arising from thy
own self, thou, resplendent with the inner self, shalt stay
in thy own self.
अनेन सुचिरं पुरा त्वमिह दासवद्वाहित-
स्ततोऽनशनसामिभुक्तरसवर्जनादिक्रमैः ।
क्रमेण विलयावधिस्थिरतपोविशेषैरिदं
कदर्थय शरीरकरिपुमिवाद्य हस्तागतम् ॥१६४॥
194. Before now, thou hast long been driven like a slave
by this body So by fasting, scanty meals, renunciation of
Rasas (salt, butter, sugar, etc.,) and the other forms of
austerities, mortify this body gradually (preserving it till
death), as if it were an enemy, now fallen in thy hands.
श्रादौ तनोर्जननमत्र हतन्द्रियाणि
कातन्ति तानि विषयान् विषमाश्च मानः।
हानिप्रयासभयपापकुयोनिदाः स्यु-
{लं ततस्तनुरनर्थपरम्पराणाम् ॥ १६५ ॥

·56 THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE JAINAS 195. At first the body is formed The wretched senses then desire (their respective) gratifications. Senseenjoyments cause loss of self-respect, misery, fear, demerit, and undesirable birth places Thus the body is unfortunately, the root of a series of evils शरीरमपि पुष्णन्ति सेवन्ते विषयानपि । नास्त्यहो दुष्करं नृणां विषाद्वाञ्छन्ति जीवितम् ॥ १६६ ॥ 198 They nourish such a body (and) resort to such sense-pleasures. Oh there is nothing which men would not do. They wish to live by taking poison. इतस्ततश्च त्रस्यन्तो विभाव- यथा मृगाः। वनाद्विशन्त्युपग्राम कलौ कष्टं तपस्विनः ॥ १६७ ।। 197. It is a great pity, that in this Kali age, ascetics, having roamed here and there, in the forest, like deer, enter at night,the suburbs of a habitation (for safety). वरं गार्हस्थ्यमेवाद्य तपसो भाविजन्मनः । सुस्त्रीकटाक्षलुण्टाकैलुप्तवैराग्यसंपदः ॥ १९८॥ 198. Here, the householder's life is better than (such) asceticism, (as is) the cause of future births, and is robbed of its wealth of non-attachment by robbers (in the form of) beautiful women's side-long glances, स्वार्थभ्रंशं त्वमविगणयंस्त्यक्तलज्जाभिमान: संप्राप्तोऽस्मिन् परिभवशतैर्दुःखमेतत्कलत्रम् । नान्वेति त्वां पदमपि पदाद्विप्रलुब्धोऽसि भूयः सख्यं साधो यदि हि मनिमात्माग्रहीर्विग्रहेण ॥ १६६ ॥ 199. Thou hast been repeatedly deprived of thy position by this body, (for which) thou, bereft of shame and self-respect, not minding loss of self-advancement, and after hundreds of humiliations, hast taken this evilbringing woman. O sage, if thou art wise, do not befriend (the body) which does not follow thee even a step (after death.)

·KTMANUSHASANA. 57 न कोऽप्यन्योऽन्येन व्रजति समवायं गुणवता गुणी केनापि त्वं समुपगतवान् रूपिभिरमी । न ते रूपं ते यानुपव्रजसि तेषां गतमति- स्ततश्छेद्यो भेद्यो भवसि भवदुःखे भववने ॥ २००॥ 200. Any one substance (guni, dravya) does not merge in any other substance (guna-wata). Thou hast merged in these material substances (having form). Their nature is not thine Oh fool, thou followest them, and therefore art cut and pierced in this worldly forest of manifold miseries. माता जातिः पिता मृत्युराधिव्याधी सहोद्गतौ । प्रान्ते जन्तोर्जरा मित्रं तथाप्याशा शरीरके ॥ २०१।। 201 Birth is, the mother; death, father, mental and physical sufferings, brothers; and decrepitude is the friend of this living being in the last stage. And yet there is love for the body. शुद्धोऽप्यशेपविषयावगमोऽप्यमूर्तोंड- प्यात्मन् त्वमप्यतितरामशुचीकृतोऽसि । मृतं सदा शुचि विचेतनमन्यत्र किं वा न दूपयति धिग्धिगिदं शरीरम् ॥ २०२ ॥ 202. O soul, even thou, being, (by nature, pure, cognisant of all things, and immaterial, art greatly polluted (by the body) What other thing in this world, does this ever-impure, lifeless, and material (body) not vitiate? Fie on such a body! हा हतोऽसितरां जन्तो येनास्मिंस्तव सांप्रतम् । ज्ञानं कायाशुचिज्ञानं तत्त्यागः किल साहसम् ।। २०३॥ 203 (True) knowledge is to know this body to be impure Its renunciation is real valour. O living being, thou hast now been greatly deceived here, by this (body). अपि रोगादिभिवृद्वैन मुनिः खेदमृच्छति । उडुपस्थस्य कः क्षोभः प्रवृद्धेऽपि नदीजले ।। २०४ ।।

·58
THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE JAINAS.
204. An ascetic is not distressed even by increase in
diseases. What fear is there to one, sitting in a boat,
even if the water of the river be high?
जातामयः प्रतिविधाय तनौ वसेद्वा
नो चेत्तनुं त्यजतु वा द्वितयी गतिः स्यात् ।
लग्नाग्निमावसति वहिमपोह्य गेहं
निहाय वा व्रजति तत्र सुधीः किमास्ते ॥ २०५॥
205. A sick man should take medicines and live in
the body. Otherwise he should renounce the body (by a
pious-death, which) is the (other) alternative. A wise man
should continue living in a house, which has caught fire
after putting out that fire, or abandoning it should go
away (elsewhere). Why should he live there?
शिरस्थं भारमुत्तार्य स्कन्धे कृत्वा सुयत्नतः।
शरीरस्थेन भारेण अज्ञानी मन्यते सुखम् ॥ २०६ ॥
206 An ignorant man, taking up the load from the
head with great difficulty, and placing it on the shoulder;
thinks himself happy, (though) the load is still on the
body.
यावदस्ति प्रतीकारस्तावत्कुर्यात् प्रतिक्रियाम् ।
तथाप्यनुपशान्तानामनुद्वेगः प्रतिक्रिया ॥ २०७॥
207. A remedy should be sought, so long as a thing
is remediable. And for those who are incurable, the (only)
remedy is to be indifferent.
यदा यदा भवेज्जन्मी त्यक्त्वा मुक्तो भविष्यति ।
शरीरमेव तत्याज्यं किं शेषैः क्षुद्रकल्पनः ।। २०८॥
208. One would attain liberation after getting rid
of the bodies, (Taijasa, and Karmana), in company with
which he is subject to births. They must be got rid of.
What use is there in other petty conjectures.
नयत्सर्वाशुचिप्रायं शरीरमपि पूज्यताम् ।
सोऽप्यात्मा येन न स्पृश्यो दुश्चरित्रं घिगस्तु तत् ॥ २०६॥

·ÅTMANUSHASANA. 59 . 209. The soul makes even that body, which is allimpurity, an object of worship. Fie on that wicked (body), by which even such a soul is made untouchable रसादिराद्यो भागः स्यात् ज्ञानावृत्यादिरन्वितः । ज्ञानादयस्तृतीयस्तु संसार्येवं त्रयात्मकः ॥ २१० ॥ 210. A mundane soul has three parts, thus :-the first is fluid, and (blood, bone, etc.); the other is the knowledge-obscuring, etc., (Karma), the third is knowledge, etc., (innate qualities of the soul). भागनयमिदं नित्यमात्मानं बन्धवर्तिनम् । भागद्वयात् पृथकतुं यो जानाति ल तत्त्ववित् ॥ २११ ॥ 211. He is the knower of the principles (7 Tattvas), who knows how to separate the eter nal soul, existing in bondage, and having three parts, from the (first) two parts (above-stated). करोतु न चिरं घोरं तपः लेशासहो भवान् । चित्तसाध्यान् कषायारीन्न जयेद्यत्तदज्ञता ।। २१२ ।। 212 (If) you cannot bear hardships, do not practise long, rigorous austerities. It is thy ignorance that thou dost not conquer the enemies, passions, which can be subjugated by (control of) mind, हृदयसरसि यावन्निर्मलेऽप्यत्यगाधे घसति खलु कषायग्राहचक्रं समन्तात् । श्रयति गुणगणोऽयं तन्न तावद्विशङ्क समदमयमशेषस्तान विजेतुं यतस्व ।। २१३ ॥ 213 So long as the clear and unfathomable lake of the heart is throughout infested with the host of crocodiles of passions, the host of (pure) attributes cannot fearlessly resort to it, Strive to subjugate them (the passions) with equanimity, self-control, renunciation, and the like.

·80 THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE JAINAS हित्वा हेतुफले किलात्र सुधियस्ता सिद्धिमामुत्रिकी वाछन्तः स्वयमेव साधनतया शंसन्ति शान्तं मनः। तेषामाखुबिडालिकति तदिदं धिग्धिक्कले प्राभवं येनैतेऽपि फलद्वयप्रलयनाद्दूरं विपOसिताः ।। २१४ ।। 214. (There are) here such clever men, who desire to attain perfection hereafter, but having missed the true cause and effect, boast of having themselves acquired a peaceful mind. This (conduct) of theirs is like that of the cat and the mice Fre, on the supremacy of Kaliyuga, by which these men have been greatly deceived, and deprived of the (true) fruit of both (the worlds). उद्युक्तस्त्वं तपस्यस्यधिकमभिभवंस्त्वामगच्छन्कषायाः प्राभूद्वोधोऽप्यगाधो जलमिव जलधौ किन्तु दुर्लक्ष्यमन्यैः। नियूंढेऽपि प्रवाहे सलिलमिव मनाग्निम्नदेशेष्ववश्यं मात्सर्यन्ते स्वतुल्यैर्भवति परवशाद्दुर्जयं तजहीहि ॥ २१५ ।। 215. Thou art prepared for austerities; the passions have been greatly humiliated by thee, thou hast acquired knowledge, deep like waters of the ocean, but must give up jealousy for thy equal, which is due to other causes (Karmas), and is difficult to subdue, and cannot be noticed by others, like water in very low and invisible flow of (the ocean). चित्तस्थमप्यनववुध्य हरेण जाडया क्रुद्ध्वा बहिः किमपि दग्धभनङ्गबुद्धया । घोरामवाप स हि तेन कृतामवस्था क्रोधोदयाद्भवति कस्य न कार्यहानिः॥ २१६ ॥ 216. Shiva, not knowing that cupid lived in the heart burnt, out of anger, something external mistaking it for the God of Love He had to experience excruciating pain caused by that cupid, Whose object is not lost by (operation of) anger.

·ATMANUSHASANA. 61 चक्रं विहाय निजदक्षिणबाहुसंस्थं यत्प्राब्रजन्ननु तदैव स तेन मुक्तः । क्लेशं तमाप किल बाहुबली चिराय मानो मनागपि हर्ति महतीं करोति ॥ २१७ ॥ 217. Leaving the boomerang (Chakra) which had alighted on his right arm, Bahubalı became an ascetic, and then only did he attain Liberation Even he suffered long (before attaining omniscience, as he had a tinge of pride in him). Even slight pride does great harm Commentary. Bahu-balı was the younger son of Rishabha Deva, the first Tirthankara, while Bharata was the eldest Bharata having been worsted in a trial of strength with him , hurled at him the Chakra, Which instead of harming him, alighted on his mght arm Bahu balı was however sorry for having dishonoured his elder brother Bharata, and considering all worldly ambition as frivolous, he renounced all temporal possessions, and adopted asceticism, to obtain omniscience. He continued to observe meditation for one whole year, at a stretch, but did not obtain omniscience, because there was left in him a tinge of pride that although he had relinquished all, he was still standing on the ground owned by Bharata When Bharata haping been told of this, at the Samayasarnam of Shri Rishabha Deva, wept and bowed to him, and told him that earth belonged to nobody, the pride was gone, and Bahu-bali immediately attained omniscience. सत्यं वाचि मतौ श्रुतं हृदि दया शौर्य भुजे विक्रमो लक्ष्मी नमनूनमार्थनिचये मार्गे गतिनिवृते । येषां प्रागजनीह तेऽपि निरहङ्काराः श्रुतेर्गोचरा- श्चित्रं संप्रति लेशतोऽपि न गुणास्तेषां तथाप्युद्धताः॥२१८ ॥ 218. Formerly, on this earth were born persons, who had truth in (their) word, knowledge of the scriptures in their intellect, compassion in their heart, bravery and fortitude in the arm, wealth for large charity to needy persons, and who trod in the path free from worldly attachments, Even such (great persons) have been described in the scriptures to have been free from pride. It is a great ·62 THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE JAINAS, wonder, that now-a-days those who do not possess even slight virtues, (are found) to be over-bearing. वसति भुवि समस्तं सापि संधारितान्य- रुदरमुपनिविष्टा सा च ते चापरस्य । तदपि किल परेषां ज्ञानकोणे निलीनं वहति कथमिहान्यो गर्वमात्माधिकेषु ॥ २१६ ॥ 219 Everything dwells on this earth. That (earth) too is supported by others (ie , the three atmospheres). And that (earth) and those (atmospheres) are in the maw of another (i.e., space). That (space) too is in a corner of the knowledge of others (i.l., the all-knowing). How (then) can a man entertain pride, (when there are) greater ones than himself in this world? यशोमारीचीयं कनकमृगमायामलिनितं हतोऽश्वत्थामोक्त्या प्रणयिलधुरासीद्यमसुतः। सकृष्णः कृष्णोऽभूत्कपटवटुवेषेणनितरा- मपिच्छाद्माल्यं तद्विषमिव हि दुग्धस्य महतः ॥ २२० ॥ 220. The fame of Marichi, was sullied or stained by his deceit in assuming the garb of a golden deer. Yudhishthira was lowered in the estimation of his friends for saying (deceitfully) “Ashvattháma is killed "; and Krishna's reputation was tarnished by (his) deceitfully adopting the form of a little boy. So even a particle of deceit (injures) high qualities, just like a (little) poison in (a quantity of) milk. भेयं मायामहागान्मिथ्याघनतमोमयात् । यस्मिन् लीना न लक्ष्यन्ते क्रोधादिविषमाहयः॥ २२१ ॥ 221. One should be apprehensive of the deep pit of deceit enveloped in the pitchy darkness of falsehood, The horrible cobras of anger, etc. (the Passions) living in its depth are not visible, ·ATAANUSHASANA. 63 प्रच्छन्नकर्म मम कोऽपि न वेत्ति धीमान् ध्वंसं गुणस्य महतोऽपि हि मेति मंस्थाः। कामं गिलन् धवलदीधितिधौतदाहो गूढोऽप्ययोधि न विधुः सविधुन्तुदः कैः ॥ २२२ ॥ 222 Do not think "no clever person even knows my secret sins", and "how will this mar my high qualities Who does not know that the invisible Rahu swallows wholly the white-rayed and soothing moon, वनचरभयाद्धावन देवाल्लताकुलवालधिः किल जडतया लोलो वालबजे विचलं स्थितः। यत स चमरस्तेन प्राणैरपि प्रवियोजितः परिणततृषां प्रायेणैवंविधा हि विपत्तयः॥ २२३ ॥ 223 A Chámara deer, while running away in fear of a Bheela, had her hairy tail entangled in creepers Being foolishly fond of the hair-tuft, she stood motionless. Alas! for that (attachment to the hair) she was deprived even of her life. Generally such are the calamities of those, who are afflicted with greed. विषयविरतिः संगत्यागः कषायविनिग्रहः शमयमदमास्तत्त्वाभ्यासस्तपश्चरणोद्यमा नियमितमनोवृत्तिभक्तिर्जिनेषु दयालुता भवति कृतिनः संसाराब्धेस्तटे निकटे सति ॥ २२४ ।। 224 When the shore of the ocean of the cycle of existence is close by, the fortunate man has aversion to sense-gratifications, renounces all possessions, subjugates the passions, has tranquility, pows, self-control, practice of self-contemplation, pursuit of austerities, duly ordained mental activity, devotion to the conquerors, and compassion यमनियमनितान्त: शान्तवाह्यान्तरात्मा परिणमितसमाधिः सर्वसत्त्वानुकम्पी।

·64 THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE JAINAS. विहितहितमिताशी क्लेशजालं समूलं दहति निहतनिद्रो निश्चिताध्यात्मसारः ॥ २२५ ॥ 225. One who is engaged in vows, temporary, and life-long, has acquired internal and external peace, has practised equanimity, has compassion for all the living beings; takes limited and helpful meals, has annihilated sleep, and has ascertained the essence of the nature of the soul, and burns the host of miseries to the very root. समधिगतसमस्ताः सर्वसावद्यदूरा स्वहितनिहितचित्ताः शान्तसर्वप्रचाराः। स्वपरसफलजल्पाः सर्वसंकल्पमुक्ताः कथमिह न विमुक्त जनं ते विमुक्ताः ॥ २२६ ॥ 226. Why should not such unattached (recluses) here, deserve liberation, who are proficient in all the principles and who abstain from all sins, who are absorbed in self-advancement, who have controlled all their senses, who are free from all sorts of illusions, and whose speech is beneficial to self and others. दासत्वं विषयप्रभोगतवतामात्मापि येषां पर- स्तेषां भो गुणदोषशून्यमनसां किं तत्पुनर्नश्यति । भेतव्यं भवतैव यस्य भुवनप्रद्योति रत्नत्रयं भ्राम्यन्तीन्द्रियतस्कराश्च परितस्त्वं तन्मुहुर्जागृहि ॥ २२७ ।। 227. What more can those indiscriminate persons have to lose who have become slaves to the lord of the sense-pleasures, and whose soul itself has become perverse ? But thou who hast got the world-illuminating three gems, (right-belief, knowedge, and conduct) should fear the surrounding robbers (in the garb of) sensedesires. So, thou shouldst always be awake. रम्येषु वस्तुवनितादिषु वीतमोहो मुह्येदू वृथा किमिति संयमसाधनेषु ।

·ATMANUSHASANA. 65 धीमान् किमामयभयात्परिहत्य भुक्ति पीत्त्वौषधं व्रजति जातुचिदप्यजीणम् ॥ २२८ ।। 228. Why shouldst thou, (who art) beyond attachment to beautiful women, and other objects, have futile attachment for the instruments of austerity (the almsbowl, broom of peacock-feathers, etc)? Does ever a prudent man, who takes no food for fear of disease, get indigestion by taking (too much) of medicine. तपः श्रुतमिति द्वयं बहिरुदीर्य रूढं यथा कृषीफलमिवालये समुपनीयते स्वात्मनि । कृषीवल इवोत्थितं करणचोरव्याधादिभि- स्तदा हि मनुते यतिः स्वकृतकृत्यतां धीरधीः ।। २२६ ।। 229. A wise ascetic considers his exertions successful only, when he has withdrawn from outside both his advanced austerity and knowledge, and well-placed them in self absorption, above the attacks of thieves and robbers, (in the form of) the senses, like a farmer, who has safely brought home the harvest. दृष्टार्थस्य न मे किमप्ययमिति ज्ञानावलेपादk नोपेक्षस्व जगत्त्रयैकडमरं निम्शेषयाशाद्विषम् । पश्याम्भोनिधिमप्यगाधसलिलं चावाद्यते वाडवः क्रोडीभूतविपक्षकस्य जगति प्रायेण शान्तिः कुतः ॥ २३० ॥ 230 In the pride of knowledge that this desireenemy (can do) nothing to me, who am versed in scriptures, thou shouldst not be indifferent to it, but shouldst extirpate that one scourge for the three worlds. LO! the submarine fire troubles even the unfathomable water of the ocean. How can one, lying in the lap of the enemy, possibly have calmness, in the world? स्नेहानुबद्धहृदया ज्ञानचरित्रान्वितोऽपि न श्लाघ्यः । दीप इवापादयिता कज्जलमलिनस्य कार्यस्य ।। २३१ ।।

·66 THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE JAINAS. 231. A person with a heart bound in attachment, though possessed of knowledge and conduct, is not worthy of praise, like the lamp, whose dark action is the production of soot. रतेररतिमायातः पुनारतिमुपागतः। तृतीयं पदमप्राप्य बालिशो बत सीदसि ॥ २३२ ॥ तावद्दुःखाग्नितप्तात्माऽयःपिण्ड इव सीदसि । निर्वासिनिवृताम्भोधौ यावत्त्वं न निमज्जसि ॥ २३३ ॥ 232-233. (Many times) didst thou become repulsed from attachment, and again became attached. It is a great pity that thou, a fool, not having acquired the third stage, (i.e.), freedom from attachment and repulsion, art in distress. Thou, like a ball of iron, art pained, being consumed by the fire of attachment, so long as thou art not immersed, in the ocean of the happiness of liberation. मंक्षु मोक्षं सुसम्यक्त्वं सत्यंकारस्वसात्कृतम् । ज्ञानचारित्रसाकल्यमूलेन स्वकरे कुरु ॥ २३४ ।। 234. Promptly take liberation in thy hand, which can be had by (paying) the earnest money of Right-belief and the price of perfect knowledge and conduct. अशेषमद्वैतमभोग्यभोग्यं निवृत्तिवृत्योः परमार्थकोटधाम् । अभोग्यभोग्यात्मचिकल्पबुद्धया निवृत्तिमभ्यस्यतु मोक्षकांक्षी ॥ 235. The whole of this one (world) is unenjoyable having regard to (the principle of) renunciation, and is enjoyable with regard to attachment (to it). One desirous of liberation should practise renunciation of the highest order, having himself kaown the alternative nature of its enjoyability and unenjoyability. निवृत्ति भावयेद्यावन्निवयं तदभावतः। न वृत्तिन निवृत्तिश्च तदेवपदमव्ययम् ।। २३६ ॥ 238. One should cherish renunciation so long as total non-attachment is not acquired. (When) there is

·ATMANUSHASANA.
67
as-
neither attachment nor renunciation, it is the indestruct-
able stage, ise, (liberation).
रागद्वेषौ प्रवृत्तिः स्यानिवृत्तिस्तनिषेधनम् ।
सौ व बाह्यार्थसम्बद्धौ तस्मात्तांश्च परित्यजेत् ।। २३७ ॥
237. Love and hate constitute attachment; doing
away with them is Renunciation. They both are
sociated with external objects, and so they should also be
discarded
भावयामि भवाऽऽवर्ते भावनाः प्रागभाविताः।
भावये भावितानेति भवाभावाय भावनाः ॥ २३८ ।।
238. In this whirl of transmigrations, for destruc-
tion of mundane existences, I cherish thoughts (of right-
belief, etc,) never cherished before, and do not cherish
those thoughts (of wrong-belief, etc,) bitherto cherished.
शुभाशुभे पुण्यपापे सुखदुःखे च षट्त्रयम् ।
हितमाद्यमनुष्ठेयं शेपत्रयमवाहितम् ॥ २६ ॥
239. Good and bad (actions), merit and demerit
(Karmas), and pleasure and pain (their fruits), are six.
The first (of each) of the three (pairs) is beneficial and
worth following, and the remaining three are injurious.
तत्राप्यायं परित्याज्यं शेपो न स्तः स्वतः स्वयम् ।
शुभं च शुद्ध त्यक्त्वान्ते प्राप्नोति परमं पदम् ।। २४० ।।
240. Then, again, the first (good activity) also is to
be given up. The remaining (two sets) cease to exist by
themselves By giving up the good (activity), and attain-
ing the summit of purity, one gets the supreme status
(liberation).
अस्त्यात्मास्तमितादिवन्धनगतस्तबन्धनान्यास्रवै-
स्ते क्रोधादिकृताः प्रमादजनिताः कोदादयस्तेऽत्रतात् ।
मिथ्यात्वोपचितात् स एव समल: कालादिलब्धौ कचित्
सम्यक्त्वव्रतदक्षताकलुषतायोगैः क्रमान्मुच्यते ॥ २४१ ॥

·68 THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE JAINAS, 241. Soul does exist, (and) it is under bondage (of Karmas) from (time) which has no beginning That bondage is from the inflow (of Karmic matter), (the inflow) is caused by anger and other (passions); anger, etc., arise from carelessness. This (carelessness) is due to vowlessness; that (vowlessness) (exists under) influence of wrongbelief, such impure (soul), sometimes, on getting (proper) occasion, etc., is gradually liberated by the combination of right-belief, the excellence of vows, and passionlessness. ममेदमहमस्येति प्रीतिरीतिरिवोत्थिता । क्षेत्रे क्षेत्रीयते यावत्तावत्का सा तपःफले ॥ २४२॥ 242. The affection that this (body) is mine, and I am its, arises like a great calamity. What hope is there, for the fruition of austerities so long as (the soul) considers (himself) identified with the body, मामन्यमन्यं मां मत्वा धान्नो भ्रान्ती भवार्णवे। नान्योऽहमहमेवाहमन्योऽन्योऽन्योऽहमस्ति न ॥ २४३ ।। 243. Believing, under delusion, that "I am another," Another is me," I wander in the ocean of births. “I am not another," "I am I;" "another is another," "another is not me." बन्यो जन्मनि येन येन निबिडं निष्पादितो वस्तुना बाह्याथैकरतेः पुरापरिणतप्रज्ञात्मनः साम्प्रतम् । तत्तत्तन्निधनाय साधनमभूद्वैराग्यकाष्टास्पृशो दुर्योधं हि तदन्यदेव विदुषाममाकृतं कौशलम् ॥ २४४ ॥ 244. Through whatever objects, in this world, bondage was tightened, heretofore in one, who was attached to external things, he has now obtained true knowledge; and those very (objects) have, on attainment of the fullest nun-attachment, become instruments for destruction of that (bondage), Verily wrong-knowledge, and uncommon excellence of the learned, are different (things).

·ATMÁNUSHASANA 69 अधिकः क्वचिदारलेषः क्वचिद्धीनः क्वचित्समः। स्वचिद्विश्लेप एवायं वन्धमोक्षक्रमो मतः ॥ २४५ ॥ 245 Combination (of Karmas is varying in quantity), sometimes increasing, sometimes decreasing, sometimes becoming equal, and sometimes there is separation only. Thus should be known the succession of bondage and liberation. (For details see Tattvártha Sútra, and Gommatasāra). यस्य पुण्यं च पापं च निष्फलं गलति स्वयम् । स योगी तस्य निर्वाणं न तस्य पुनरात्रवः ॥ २४६ ॥ 246. He, whose merit and demerit (Karmas) exhaust themselves without bearing fruit is a (true) ascetic He will never have the Karmic inflow, and will attain liberation. महातपस्तडागस्य संभृतस्य गुणाम्भसा । मर्यादापातिबन्धेऽल्पामप्युपेक्षिष्ट मानतिम् ।। २४७ ।। 247. Do not allow even a slight breach in the right conduct, (which is) the embankment of the great reser. voir of austerity, filled with the waters of attributes (rightbelief, etc). दृढगुप्तिकपाटसंवृतितिभित्तिमतिपादसंभृतिः। यतिरल्पमपि प्रपद्य रन्धं कुटिलैर्विक्रियते गृहाकृतिः ॥ २४८ ॥ 248. An ascetic is like a house, protected by the doors of strict restraint (of body, mind and speech), having the walls of fortitude, and the foundation of knowledge, He is attacked by wicked (passions), (if they) get even a small hole (defect) in his (conduct). स्वान्दोषान्हन्तुमुद्युक्तस्तपोभिरतिदुर्द्धरैः। तानेव पोपयत्यज्ञः परदोषकथाशनैः ॥ २४६ ॥ 249 Though determined to remove his faults by austere penance, the fool nourishes those very faults by the food of scandalizing others.

·70 THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE JAINAS. . दोषः सर्वगुणाकरस्य महतो दैवानुरोधात्क्वचि- धातो यद्यपि चन्द्रलाञ्छनसमस्तं द्रष्टुमन्धोऽप्यलम् । दृष्ठाप्नोति न तावदस्य पदवीमिन्दोः कलङ्क जग- द्विश्वं पश्यति तत्पभाप्रकरितं किं कोऽप्यगात्तत्पदम् ॥ २५० ।। 250. When an ascetic, a greaturepository of all qualifications may by chance have a defect, under influence of past Karma, although the defect is like the spot in the moon, even a blind (2.6., indiscriminate) man notices that. The on-looker need not reach his (the ascetic's position to notice the defect) The whole world sees the spot in the moon, made prominent by her light. Did any one go to her place (in the moon, to see the spot)? यद्यदाचरितं पूर्व तत्तदज्ञानचेष्टितम् । उत्तरोत्तरविज्ञानाधोगिनः प्रतिभासते ॥ २५१ ॥ 251. Through gradually growing knowledge, all that is done in the past appears to an ascetic to be the action of ignorance अपि सुनपसामाशावल्लीशिखा तरुणायते भवति हि मनोमूले यावन्ममत्वजलाता। इति कृतधियः कृच्छारम्भैश्चरन्ति निरन्तरं चिरपरिचिते देहेऽप्यस्मिन्नतीव गतस्पृहाः ।। २५२ ॥ 252. So long as there is moisture of attachment, at the root (of the tree) of mind, the tip of the creeper of Desire, keeps fresh even in great ascetics. Knowing this, those, who are quite unattached, always deal strictly even with the long long familiar body. क्षीरनीरवदभेदरूपतस्तिष्ठतोरपि च देहदहिनोः । भेद एव यदि भेद्वत्स्वलं बाह्यवस्तुषु वदात्र का कथा ॥२५३॥ 253. When (by engaging in deep meditation), there is a difference between the body and the embodied (soul itself), even though they are inseparably connected like ·ATMANUSHASANA. 71 milk and water, then what would you say of the marked differences which these other external things possess तप्तोऽहं देहसंयोगाज्जलं वानलसंगमात् । इह देहं परित्यज्य शीनीभूताः शिवैषिणः ॥ २५४ ॥ 254. I am heated by the connection of this body, like water in association with fire. Those who long for happiness became cool here by leaving (attachment with) this body. अनादिचयसंबद्धो महामोहो हृदि स्थितः। सम्यग्योगेन यैर्वान्त पामूदुवं विशुद्धयति ॥ २५५ ॥ 255 Purified is the end of those who by proper meditative application have cast out the great delusion sealed in the heart and grown up by accumulations (of Karmas) from eternal time एकश्वर्यमिहकतामभिमतावाप्तिं शरीरच्युर्ति दुवं दुष्कृतनिष्कृतिं सुखमलं संसारसौख्यासनम् । सर्वत्यागमहोत्सवव्यतिकरं प्राणव्ययं पश्यताम् किं तद्यन्नसुग्वाय तेन लुग्विनः सत्यं सदा साधवः ॥ २५६ ॥ 256 What thing in this world is there, which is not conducive to the well-being of such (ascetics), as regard identification (with the self) as the only sovereignty, the destruction of the body as the attainment of the desired object, the evil from bad deeds as painful, the renunciation of wordly enjoyments as happiness; abandonment of everything as great joy, and attachment as death. Truly, the ascetics are always happy. धाकृष्योग्रतपोबलैरुदयगो (ग) पुच्छं यदानीयत तत्कर्म स्वयमागतं यदि विदः को नाम खेदस्ततः । यातव्यो विजिगीपुषा यदि भवेदारम्भकोऽरि स्वयं वृद्धिः प्रत्युत नेतुरप्रतिहता तद्विग्रहे कः क्षयः ॥ २५७ ॥ 257. If that Karma which is destroyed by bringing it to (piemature) fruition by severe austerities, has itself ·72 THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE JAINAS. arrived at its maturity, then what grief should a wise man feel for that? One desirous of vanquishing his foe should himself meet him. If that (foe) advances himself, what loss can there be in a conflict for him, who is himself advancing unchecked. एकाकित्वप्रतिज्ञाः सकलमपि समुत्सृज्य सर्व सहत्वात् भ्रान्त्याचिन्त्याःसहायं तनुमिव सहसालोच्य किंचित्सलज्जा सज्जीभूताः स्वकार्ये तदपगमविधि बद्धपल्यङ्कयन्धाः ध्यायन्ति ध्वस्तमोहा गिरिगहनगुहा गुह्यगेहे नृसिंहाः॥२५८ ॥ 258. Those who having renounced all, have taken the vow of solitude, and are capable of enduring everything, are somewhat ashamed on suddenly feeling that they erroneously considered the body to be a helpmate. Those whose greatness is inconceivable, who are prepared for their work, who have adopted the seating posture (Palyankásana) for the purpose of getting rid of the (body), who have renounced delusion, meditate on a mountain, in a deep cave, or in a concealed place, (are brave) men lıke lions येषां भूषणमङ्गसंगतरजः स्थानं शिलायास्तलम् शय्या शर्करिला मही सुविहितं गेहं गुहा द्वीपिनाम् । श्रात्मात्मीयविकल्पवीतमतयस्त्रुट्यत्तमोगन्धय- स्ते नो ज्ञानधना मनांमि पुनतां मुक्तिस्पृहा निस्पृहाः॥ २५६ ॥ 259. May they purify our hearts, to whom the dust sticking to the body is an ornament, the surface of a stone a residence, gravelled earth a bed-stead, the tigers' caye a comfortable home; who have lost the erroneous notion that the soul belongs to the body; who are free from the fetters of delusion; who are possessed of the riches of knowledge, who are desireless ; (and who aspire) for Liberation. दूरारूढतपोऽनुभावजनितज्योतिः समुत्सर्पणै- रन्तस्तत्त्वमदः कथं कथमपि प्राप्य प्रसादं गताः।

·१ ATMANUSHASANA. 73 विश्रब्धं हरिणीविलोलनयनरापीयमाना वने धन्यास्ते गमयन्त्यचिन्त्यचरित(राश्चिरं वासरान् ॥ २६० ॥ 260. All praise be to them, who having anyhow attained (union irith) the inner self, by the radiance of light produced by the influence of highly advanced austerities, have become peaceful, and are gazed at, by unsteady. eyed and confiding she-deer in the forest. Those courageous (saints) pass their days, for a long time, in inconceiy. able practices येषां वुद्धिरलक्ष्यमाणभिदयोराशात्मनोरन्तरं गत्वोचरविधाय भेदमनयोरारान्न विश्राम्यति । पैरन्तर्विनिवेशित्तः शमधन बहिन्याप्तयः तेषां नोऽत्र पवित्रयन्तु परमाः पादोत्थिताः पांशवः॥ २६१ ॥ 281. Whose intellect does not rest at all till it has clearly discriminated the difference, hardly perceivable, between Desire and Soul, who are rich in tranquility; and who are well fixed in the innerself and the course of whose mind does not run towards external objects-may the supremely (sacred) particles of dust, raised by the feet of such (ascetics) purify us. यत्प्राग्जन्मनि संचितं तनुभृता कर्माशुभं वा शुभं देवं तदुदीरणादनुभवन् दुःखं सुखं वागतम् । कुर्याद्यः शुभमेव सोऽप्यभिमतो यस्तूभयोच्छित्तये सर्वारम्भपरिग्रहस्य हि परित्यागी स वन्द्यः सताम् ॥ २६२ ॥ 282. Fate is the Karma,good or bad, acquired by an embodied being in past life. By their operation, the ensuing pleasure or pain is experienced. He, who performs good deeds only is praise-worthy. But he who for extirpating both (good and bad Karmas) renounces all undertakings, possessions, deserves to be adored by the good. सुखं दुःखं वा स्पादिह विहितकर्मोदयवशात् कुतः प्रीतिस्ताप: कुत इति विकल्पाद्यदि भवेत् ।

·74
THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE JAINAS.
उदासीनस्तस्य प्रगलितपुराणं न हि नवं
समास्कन्दत्येष स्फुरति मुविदग्धो मणिरिव ॥ २६३ ॥
283. In this world pleasure and pain arise out of the
fruition of past Karmas. If one becomes un-attached to
considerations as to whom he should have love and whom
he should hate, then his past Karmas fall off, and a new
on does not bind him. He, a learned (ascetic) shines forth
like a jewel.
सकतविमलबोधो देहहे विनिर्थन्
ज्वलन इव स काष्टं निष्टुरं भस्मयित्वा ।
पुनरपि तदभावे प्रज्वलत्युज्ज्वलः सन्
भवति हि यनिवृत्तं सर्वथाश्चर्यभूमिः ॥ २६४ ॥
284. Like five which has completely burnt up the
wood, the full pure knowledge kindled in the body-resi-
dence (of an ascetic) glows forth ablaze, even after it (the
body) 18 gone. The life of an ascetic is all full of wonder.
गुणी गुणमयस्तस्य नाशस्तन्नाशयिष्यते ।
अतएव हि निर्वाणं शून्यमन्यैर्विकल्पितम् ।। २६५ ॥
265. Substance is composed of attributes. The des.
truction of attributes, destroys substance Hence libera-
tion is conceived by some others as absolute non-existence
(of the soul). (This is wrong).
अजातो नश्वरो मूर्तः कर्ता भोक्ता सुखी वुधः ।
देहमानो मलैर्मुक्तो गत्वो मचलः प्रभुः ॥ २६६ ॥
288. The soul is never born, never destroyed, (and
is) immaterial. It is the doer, the enjoyer, the happy, the
all-knowing and, of the size of the body, and being freed
from the impurities (of Karmas), goes upwards (till the
top of the universe), (and there it) remains steady and
supreme.
स्वाधीन्याद्दुःखमप्यासीलुखं यदि तपस्विनाम् ।
स्वाधीनसुखसम्पन्ना न सिद्धाः सुखिनः कथम् ॥२६७ ॥

·ATHANUSHÁSANA. 76 267. If on account of independence, even pain is felt as happiness by the ascetics, then why should not the Perfect ones be happy after having acquired independent Bliss. इति कतिपयवाचां गोचरीकृत्य कृत्यं चरितमुचितमुचैश्चेतसां चित्तरम्यम् । इदमविकलमन्तः सन्ततं चिन्तयन्तः सपदि विपदपेनामाश्रयन्तु श्रियं ते ॥ २६८ ॥ 268 Charming to the hearts of the high-souled, this useful work is compiled as a collection of some words May the adversity of those, who ponder in their hearts, continuously, over the whole of it, perish immediately and may they attain the glory (of liberation). जिनसेनाचार्यपादस्मरणाधीनचेतसाम् । गुणभदभदन्तानां कृतिरात्मानुशासनम् ।। २६६ ।। 269. Átmánushásana is the work of Gunabhadra- Acharya, whose heart is engaged in rememberance of the feet of his Preceptor, Jina-sena-acharya. ऋपभो नाभिसूनुर्यों भूयात्स भविकाय वः । यज्ज्ञानसरसि विश्वं सरोजमिव भासते ॥ २७० ॥ 270 May Lord Rishabha, the son of Nabhi, in the ocean of whose knowledge the universe appears like a lotus, be for your salvation. इति श्रीगुणमदमदन्तकृतमारमानुशासनम् । Printed by RD Soth, at the Nowul Kisboro Press, Lucknow