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·NAV-R 1/34,
REPORT
ON THE PROGRESS OF
CIVIL AVIATION, INDIA
1933-34
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
DIRECTORATE OF CIVIL AVIATION
PUBLISRLD JY VANET OF PUBLIL 4TIONS DELAI
PRINTED BY Tør".
D

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·PACE. 'oreword IV SECTION I-REGULAR AIR SERVICES New Compiny Organisation Indian Trane Continental Ainays Ltd Indian National Airways, Ltd The Vaclras Air Taxi Servico 4 4 5 5 Indian Intornal Services- Karachi Bombay Vadras Air Mail Service Karachi Dolhi Air Vail Service Trans India Service Calcutta Rangoon Air Service Calcutta Dacia Air Service Calcutta Vadras Air Service Projected Developments 5 6 7 7 Pxternal and Foreign Air Services - Imperial Airway, London Karachi Servico Karach Singapore Sorvico K L M (Royal Dutch Air Lines' ar l the lis France Services 7 8 10 Importa and Exports by Air 12 Air Vail Surcharges Growth of Aviation in In lia, Tablos I II anl III 12 14 SECTIOVIC-TLYING CLUBS AND PRIVATF FIVING rlying Clubs Private Aeroplanos Viceroy s Trophy lir Race International I lihts 11 l. Chorroroy & Tours Touton Vít l's crest Espedition Growth of lvation in Inli Tibles Il Vanill 15 17 17 17 IS 11 'TIO 111 ICCIDENTS In lian Restere linist For ign Aircraft ·(11) PAGE. SECTION IV.-VISCELLANEOUS ILUING AND COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIFS De Havillan 1 Aircraft Co, Ltd 23 Imports of Aircraft and Aircraft Material 23 Air Surı oy and Photngraphy 93 24 Tau Flights 24 Joy riling India Air l'agcants 24 Bihar and Or1982 Carthahe . SECTION VADIINISTRATION 96 27 27 27 28 Civil Aviation Buiget Civil Aviation Staff New Appointments Aerodromo Control Deputation and Tours Potrol Tax lund International Cont entiane Legislation Indian Aircraft Rules Prohibited Areas Licences and Certificates Notices to Airmen Cul Aviation Scholarships 26 28 29 29 29 30 30 SECTION VI -AIRCRAFT INSPECTION, Aircraft Inspection 32 SECTION VII-GROUND ORGANISATION 3+ 34 34 35 35 Budget Akyal Runwats Rangoon Acroilromo Lighting Vinor Works Caunpore Madras Victoria Point and 101 oy Innsato actoriam Indian States linless Service. lite rol al IC- 36 30 36 36 37 ·(ju) APPENDICES PACE. 10 41 43 4+ APPENDIX I.Statistics of Bombar Karachi Vadras Air Vail Service APPENDIX II Statistics of Delhi hamachi Air Vail Service APPENDIX III.—Statistics of Indian Jational Aintars' Calcutta Rangoon Sersice APPEN IV -Statist es of Calcutta Dacca Service APPENDIX V --Statistics of the Trans India Serice (harachar Calcutta Rangoon Singapore) APPENDITTI-Teight of Jails carried br Imperial Aimars London Karachi Air Service and Foreign Air Service APPENDIX VII -Statistics regarding the regularity of operation of the Service carrying mails to ani from India APPENDIX VIII --Passenger and freight statı tıcz-Lon lon Karachi Air Service and Foreign Aur Services APPENDIX I-Statistics of Imports and Fsport by air APPENDIX -Summary of activities of Flying Clubs APPENDIX XI-Analysis of Pilots error APPENDIX XII --Analys19 of causes of acci lents in India APPENDIX ([-on wrison of mijor ac id'nts with houry and miles flown APPENDIX XII -Licencos ani Certificates APPENDIXT -Top showing air routes in India in operation and proposed and prolulted Areas -15 16 49 49 50 . 1 52

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·| 1 ) FOREWORD As a previous yoars thus Report has been compiled to cover the financial period ending on the 31st March 1934, but, in order to maintain uniformity with other countries, all statistics are given for the calendar year 1933 Tho increased number of tables in the Apponclices 18 mainly the result of tho increased number of air servicos in operation A further dovelopmont in the prosentation of tło dotailed analysis of accidents will be found in the relativo Appendices. A now feature of the Report is the inclusion of graplis showing tho growth of aviation undor six ropresentative heads Theso givo, at a glanco, a moasure of tho rato of expansion, and, if tho figures relating to Indian aviation, as distinct from flying in India, aro examined, they provide the best tostimony to the expanding phase which was foreshadowed in last year's Report Wule development may bo slow, there is every evidenco that the eypansion movomont is not a passing phast and that it is steadily gathering force and broadoning its basis

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Armstrong Whitwortà XV (Atalanta) Armstreng S ddeley 340 k p Serval engines
Used by imper al al ays and Ind a Tians Cont nental ir ays on the trang Ind a route
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·SECTION I. REGULAR AIR SERVICES. Esidence of the grourth of interest in ariation in India is prorided by the development of regular air Ecruces Certhin derelopments in commercial air trinsport were foreshadoned in the Report on the Progress of Cıs] Avation for 1932 33 In actual fact greater developments hare tal en place The first in importance is tho citension of the I ondon harrchu nir service across Indri to Singapore with joint operation by Imperial Iru 115 Itd ind in Indian company Indrın Trans Continental Air 219 Ltd This scruce replaced tho karachi Delhi 211 mail service Following thi Indun National Hunns Ltd e tal lished 2 weekly service between Calcuttr ind Rangoon thu making with the main truns India scruce a twice ekly service betucen Calcutta and Rangoon A daily service 1125 also established 1 In Inn National Airways between (alcutta and расса The tot il mileage of air services in operation in India on the 31st December 1933 was 4 80 compared with 4 200 at the end of 1932 These figures piclude the air route lying outside Indiz in which an Indian operating company participates namel the Rangoon Singapore section of the Australian route The total milengo of ur services cither operateri bo Indian companies or in hich Indian companies participate is now, thereforo 5 180 compared with 2 010 at the end of 1937 4 diagram showing the growth of the mlenge of Indian operated ur services is given at Page 4 A future of the derelopment which has tahen place which cannot ho passed ovor without notice i the increase in night flying on the trans Indın route I huile regular flying through the night is not yet scheduled there is an increasing tendency to schedule carl morning departures in oking considerable periods of night flying with the first landing in du light Agun while in the past 1 delued service was limited in its espreiti to male up timo by (light hours 1933 his seen a great citension of the practice of flung on well into tic night and on cert un occasions all night This is reflerted in the letter punetulit returns referred to litur and included in the Appendice The trans Indum ur route is not vet cien mj art organı el for mght fiving but the provision of 7 few itens of lighting eqıpment at Come of the principal rerordrome Inns contributed Ile increase of night flying has thrown corre ponding extra strain on the wireless meteorological and aerodromu orgination a matter of no small moment on a route of 100 miles in len_th ·2 NEW COMPANY ORGANISATION In order to understand the developmonts which have taken place in air transport services in India during the car 1933 it is necessary to cxplain the new company orginsation in which arrangements for the operation of the tmns India air scrsice are linked with tho derelopment of internal ur services Indian Trans Continental Airways, Ltd —The ſundimental basis of the organisation lies in the arrangements made with His Vinjesty Cosernment in the Intod Kingdom and Imperial Airways Ltd for the cıtension of the main London herichi air service across India from hanchi to Singapore as a link in the England Australın air scrrice which is being organised Indian Trans Continental Airways Itd was formed is an Indian compiny with a capital of rupees 10 lakhs The company is a private company in which tne shares are held by the Government of India 24 per cent Imperiai Airways Itd > per cent and Indian National Airwys Ltd 20 per cent Tho agreoment covering the operations provides that this comprns will operate alternately with Imperial Airways a weekly air service from hnrichi to Singapore in cont muation of the London harchi service The fleet of the two companies is homogeneous and the techn cal control and management of the two conpines is combined The sphere of operations of Indian Trans Continental firxats is coufinod to co operntion wit. Impernl Airwais Ltd m the main trans Indın The company is controlled br a Boird of Directors established in India of whom tho majority are Indians The Directors are nominated as follows By the Gorernment of India By Indian \ational Airways Ltd 2 Bi Imperial A rways Ltd In addition to the Corernment Director tho Director of Civil Avention also attend meetings of the Board as a representative of the Government of India In consideration of the representation of Indian capital in this company both Ind an Trans Continental firways and Inperial Airways are permitted to carry mils across India and to ope-nte for the carriage of internal air traffic on the main The companies reconeish subsidy from the British Gorernment which sul sidi is equallı dışısıble het treen the two companies The Government of Indin contribute a further eub idi in the form of a remission of aircraft spares petrol oil ctc and 70 Indian acrodromes In consider subsids India is admitted to be a State contributing towards the maintenance of the man Empire air service from England air sorTICC 4 air Service ·3 to Australia from which springs a very definite benefit to India By virtue of this position and in common with other contributing States within the British Empire India is permitted to settle charges for the carriage of air mails on the England Australia route in sterling instead of gold frncs The resulting benefit equals the subsidi paid and it has been pissed on to the corresponding public in India in the shape of reduced air mail surcharges The period of operation of the agreement terminates on the 31st March 1939, concurrently with the terminntion of the main subsidy agreements between Imperial Airways and the British Government Provision has been made for the engagement and truning of Indian personnel in all branches of the service operated by Indian Trans Continental Airways In actual fact a number of Ind ans is emploved by both companies in India and elsewhere Provision has also been made ubereby tho technical aduce of Impernl Airnars is arulable in the esta) lishment of feeder services by Indian Nationnl Airware Indian National Airways Ltd - The company has been established to prticipate 18 a share holder in Indian Trans Continental Airways and to develop feeder and other internal air services in north India It is registered in Indin with an authorised capitnl of Ps 30 lal his In consideration of the participation of tho company in Indian Trans Continental Airnars the Governor ent of India have agreed to a concession to the company with regard to subsidied ur services and contract ur mul services in the region Iving within India to the north and cast of the mun trunk route Within this region no subsidy or air mail contract to in air service will be granted by Government unless Indian National Airways have first been ghen the opportunity to operate the service The initial capital has been privatel subscribed from sources representing widespread interests in India The ostabli hment of tho company is due to Vessrs Covan Bros Ltd of Delhi who act as managing agents. In addition to n numl er of Indian interests a teclinical nucleus for the company is provided by the participation of Indian Air Surso and Transport Itd Dum Dum Bengal 1 compin which has had long experience of air surse and other operations in Ind7 and to whose participation the developments in Eastern Benmal and Burmz referred to elsen here are due further technical nucleus in the company is provided by the participation of Air Wor] Itd of Heston Viddleser who act as the agents in Eneland Under the arringenients for the establishment of Indinn Trans Continental Air Indian National Airine act 14 the principal agents in India and Burma for loth Imperial Airways and Indian Irans Continental Airways A?

·The Madras Air Taxi Service - Another new uperating concern established during tho vear 1933 is due to the initiative of Raja I V Krishna Ros and Vir I V Bhujanga Row, who operate lindor the name of tho Madras Air Taxi Servico their initial aim boing tho operntion of nn air tau service and the establishment of the Calcutta Madras servico referred to later in this Report INDIAN INTERNAL SERVICES Kıracht Bombay-Madras air mall service --While the oxpocted oxtension of the air servico to Colombo did not taho place, owing to difficultios fuperienced in the provision of an aerodrome in Coylon the success attending the operation of the scruce between Karnolu and Madras o ceodod a pectatione Thc servico achieved 1 regularity of 100 per cent and a punctunlity almost equalls good during the year 1933 Thero were Roven occasions when the southbound service was delayed by periods of from one to three days on nccount of the late arrival of the main nur art icon Karachi In one wech only was there a delay of one dny in tho southbounel service due to unscruccability of ancraft On no occasion dlul the scriico fail to mhen connection at Karachu with tho we thound Impernl Airwars service A very greit incicise in tho air mail loads carried on the scrvice took placo during the vcar Tho service operated only during a part of the previous year and annual totals cannot therefore bo compared but to incre 180 19 illustrated by the figures for the first The total mail quarter and the last quarter of the vear 1933 carried in the first quarter of the year was 3 918 lbs The total mul carried in the fourth quarter was 8 906 lbs in increase of 127 per cent in nine months A considerable part of this increase is attributablo to the introduction by the Indiın Posts and Telegraphs Doprrtinent of a revised sistem of surcharges which is referred to olsow here At the same timo a steady and continued increase in tho load of muls in the southbound direction mail originating abroad testifies to the utility and growing popularity of the sert ico A fci wcro carried by the romuned essentially ? for the service are given in Apjendis I An important chango in the route operated was effected during the difficult region in monsoon ober Bombay was eliminated and the service operated 2 rd Poona By this means, at was made possible for the aircraft to reach the eastern side of tho Ghats tí tho comparatirols casier ronte of the laptı Valley at the north end of tho Chats This modificntion of the air route will not necessarily be repeated during erery monsoon but until tho that 19 1 ·5 1 1 1 Juhu nerodrome at Bombay is sufficiently consolidated to make it cerriccable throughout the monsoon and until the route is completeli organised wit nitigation the aircraft is likels to be an annual To changes in the time table of the service were effected, other than those neressary to correspond with changes in the time table of the main air sers ice between haruchi and London The fleet of aircraft employed on the service at the end of the year consisted of two De Havilland Puss Voths and onc De Havilland For Voth Karachi Delhi air mail serviceIn accordance with the agreement with the Delhi Flying Club the harachi Delhi air service was operated by that club with a De Havilland Gipsy Voth until the inauguration of the harachu Calcutta section of the Australian route on the 7th July The Delhi Flying Club and their air mail pilot deserve commendation for the regulur operation of this service during a period of 18 months The service served the purpose for which it was designed namely to avoid an interruption in the Karachi Delhi service (which was first established at the beginning of 1930) pending the completion of negotiations for the extension of the mun trunh 2 service across India As wes e perted the ur mul loads remuined practically constant up to the end of the operations the average load of mul carried on erch flight being 101 1 lbs compared with 96 8 lbs in the year 1932 The serie 119 operatod with n good measure of regularity it failed to connect with Imperial Airways westbound departure from Karachi on two services out of 28 and on these occasions the mail was connected with tho ald of the Air Orient service Statistics covering tho operations during the year 1933 will be found in Appendix II Trans India service -The extension of the London Karachi air service across India from Karachi to Singapore which was offccted during the year is dealt with under the heading of external and forcign fir «crtices the mun aportance of the service lung in its international spect It the sime time it replaced the Karichi Delhi air mul service und provided an internal air service reruing the whole of north India and Burma from Karachi to Calcutta and Rangoon Calcutta-Rangoon air service --On the 1st December 1933 Indian National Airnils establi hed a weells au serico bctucen Chlcutta and Rangoon intermediate between the services operated by Indian Trans Continental Arnars and Imperial ·6 Airways thus providing a twice weekly service for passengers mail and freight betwcen Calcutta and Rangoon as follows Indian Indian Trans National Conti Airways nental Arrats Calcutta Rangoon Tuesday Sunday Rangoon Calcutta Friday Tuesday The servico operates zia Chittagong Ahzab and Bussein The timo taken on tho journey is approximately 94 hours which compares with the ser passage of 21 days (5 days and 2 nights) Tho Indian Trans-Continental and Imperial Airways service it may bo noted while faster between Calcutta and Rangoon stops only at Akvab The orvice was maugurated with Dragon Moth aeroplanes arranged to carry a crew of 2 (pilot and wireless operator) and 5 passengers or a total pay load of about 1 200 lbs No air mail contract has been entered into with the Company but a short term agrecment to use the service for the carrige of air mails on payment of a poundage rate has been effected As a passenger servico tho new service proved to be in consideral le demand tlough air mail and freight traffic mas inconsiderablo During the first month the service carried 49 Passengers Lp to the 31st of March 1934 the number of passengers WS 133 Operational statistics for the period up to the 31st Decoml er 1933 nro given in Appendix III Calcutta-Dacca air service - On the 1st December 1933 Indian National Airways established a daily passenger mail and freight service between Calcutta înd Dacca This service is of particular interest 78 being the first daily air service established in Indon Tho reason for the selection of this particular route lay in the belief of tio promoters that the speeding up of communication with the jute districts of Castern Bengal woull prore of value to the public and that the worsice would be in considerable demand The rulway system in Lastern Bengal is incompleto on account of the unbridged Ganges and Brahmaputra rn ers Journey thereforo involve a combination of rul and river transport and apart from speed comfort is much impured thereby Apart from tho important jute growing region around Dacca the communications of both Chittagong and the tea districts of Issam are impaired by the lacl of through tail communication Should this dails air service prose successful therefore further dos elopments in this direction are contemj lated The service takes approumately it hours in ench direction at 19 operated in both directions in the morning The time taken by the rail and steamer journey from Calcutta to Ducca is 16 hours ·The service 19 Insufficient crperience has been gained to shop whether or not the service will be justified During the first month 105 passengers were carried Mail loads wero regular but insignificant whilo there is an interesting and increasing demand for freight space (mainly newspapers) from Calcutta to Daccı normally operated by De Havilland Dragon aeroplane which honeHer is occasionally relieved by a De Havilland For Voth when traffic does not warrart the usc of the larger machine As in the case of Indian National Airways Calcutta Rangoon service no air mail contract has lean entered into with the company but a short term greement to use the service for the carriage of air muls on pruinent of a poundage rate has been cffected Operational statistics of the service for the period ending 31st December 1933 are given in Appendır IT Calcutta Madras air service -On the 10th 1 ebruary 1934 the Mnrlras Air Tax Service inrugurated an experimentnl twice weekly service between Calcutta and Madras with halts at Puri Vizagapatam and Bezwada (Gannavaram) It was decided to discontinue the service on the 31st March 1934 Proiected developments -Ilie projected extension of the Tata wir service to Ceylon is as referred to elsen here still under negotiation with the Ceylon Gorcrnment Negotiations have been carricd on with Indian National Airways for the establishment of an air mul service between harachi and Lahore The conclusion was reached that in present conditions a passenger service could not le successfully operated on this route and the negotiations wore directed towards establishing a basis of agreement on which an air mail serice could be operated It prored impossible to bring the service into operation during 1933 but it is hoped that developments in this connection will take place during 1934 Di cussions have taken place with regard to the operation of a dails air service betwcen Calcutta and Bombay EXTERNAL AND FOREIGN AIR SERVICES Imperial Alrways' London Karachi service o changes of major importance in the operition of the servicc route time table or flect took place during the year In December 1933 simultaneousls with the extension of the air service to Singapore the day of departure from harach is postponed from Wednesday to Thursday with 1 correspondingk later arrival in I ondon On the speeding up of the service in April 1934 the time table reserted to a ledneseludepırture ·8 A considerablo improvement in the punctuality of operation of the service was effected, as compared with the previous year Out of 52 services operated to Karachi, 45 arrived punctually, comprred with 36 in the preceding your Tho punctuality of the British service compares favourably with that of the other services Punctuality returns are combined with those of other external air services carrying Indian mails and mails to India (in Appendix VII) for the years 1931, 1932 and 1933 The actual time taken by the service on flights castbound and westbound between London and Karachi is shown below Eastbound Westbound No of flights Day of arrival Day of No of flights arrival 45 4 7th 8th Oth 10th 7th 8th 8 1 52 52 “ไ In last years Report it was remarked that the time saving as compared with the sea nail service was considerably impaired by the absence oxcept to south India of internal air services in Indir The establishment of the truns India service during the yer has gono a long way to remove this disability Thero has bcon an improucnient during the year in the quintiti of mail cartıcd to and from India as shown in Appendix VI Tho ancroise amounts to 27 per cent in the inward direction and 29 per cent in the outward (lirection This corresponds with general increase in tho use of the British Empire air mail services but spocific reasons aro not only the improvement of the service by connecting services in India but also the revision of Indian ur mail surcharges which is referred to (Isen here The weight of inuurd mnils was 21 6 tons and the weight of outward mails 24 ? tone It significant that the loads of mul to and from Indır ure virtualls equal since the total charge including postago, on an air mail letter from India is still in arcess of the corrosponding charge from Grent Britain The growth of the air mail is illustmteil in a dingrum at page 14 Complete mail statistics aro given in Ippendix Vi, combined with the figures of foreign air services Further operational statistics, including passenger and freight traffic, are given in Appendis VIII Karachi Singapore Service –The arringements made for the operation of the air service between Karachi and Singapore aro detailed carlier in this section of the Report 101 ·9 IS MAL T1 1099 The flect operating the service is homogcncous and consists of four Armstrong 1 lut worth \\ (Atalanta) two owned by Imperial Airways and two I Indian Trans Continental Airw 15 Tho machines are high wing cantılcıer monoplanes fitted with four 340 hp Armstrong Siddelcy Scrual radial air cooled engines They have a nia \imuni speed of about 160 miles an hour and normally cruuse at about 118 miles an hour The crew consists of Captain Tırst Officer and Wireless Operator The cabin provides accommodation for 9 passengers and thero In addition ancommodation for a large lord of mail passengers luggage and freight The wireless installation is very complete it provides telephonic and telegraphic communication on long and short wave and the Marconi Robinson direction finding system which enables the machine to be steered towards a ground transmitting station The first stago of the extension from Karachi to Calcutta was the 1st October the service nber from Rangoon the first machine st dat of the year 1933 Tho sersico operates _na Jodhpur Delhi Crwnpore Allahabad Calcutta Akyab Rangoon Banghoh and Alor Star From the date of the extension to Singaporc till the end of tho year under review (31st March 1934) the service was operated to the following schedule Eastward Karachi Dop Esening Singa poro Arr Tuesday Noon Westward Singa porc Dep Sunday Toon harachi Arr Thursday Morning I rom the luthi Apul 1934 a speeded up schedule has been introducer whereby machines leur haruhi on Thursday afternoon and arrive at Singaporo on Sunday evening and in the oi posite direction depart from ng oro on Sunday morning ind rive at Karichi on lednesday morning Trom its innuguration on the 7th Jul till the end of 1933 the service was operated with nearly 100 per cent regularity though from a irriety of causes the service did nnt ettle down to punctual running for some time The causes included engine trouble monsoon weather conditions and uncerticeability of nerodromes and delays consequent on the arru al of the mun service at hirachi Tho only serious mishap was tho image of the rear end of the fusclage of G ABTI (Athena) in landing at Asansol tho second enstbound service This is largeli attributable to the unserviceability of the nerodrome Passengers and mail had to be scnt on by train and the machine was immobilised for three As a result Asansol was cut out of the schedule and extra petrol tanks had to be fitted for the long stage from Allahabnd to Calcutta Fridzy 011 wechs ·10 The punctuality of arrival at the terminus Calcutta or Rangoon, is shown in the following table Torminus Sche duled Seryices Punc tual day late 2 days late 3 days lato 13 7 3 2 1 Calcutta (from 7th July to 30th Soptember) Rangoon (from 1st Octo bor to 31st December) 14 12 1 1 Tho causes of dolays were as follows Mumber Into arrival of Imperinl Airways at Karachi Mechanical faults Landing grounds Werther 3 1 2 All the scst bound services were punctually operated From the 7th July to 31st December 7 797 lbs of mail was carried by the service in the eastwurd direction und 13 888 lbs in tlio westward direction Expressed in another way 2 total transport of 12 870 multon miles 160 010 passenger miles and 1 520 freight ton miles was effected There of operati service July December Average lord of mails per flight Ibs 371 669 Total passenger miles 13 220 52 175 Total freight ton miles 183 529 Detailed statistics are ghcn in Appenda V K L M (Royal Dutch Air Lines) and Air France services Again no mujor derclopment, m forcign air services to or across Indiin linie to be recorded Both the Dutch service from Anisterdam to Brtarand the Fronch service from Paris to Saigon wero operated unchanged throughout the year It is not without significance to India that both these companies 1ad plans during the year for the provision of Iurger and faster ncroplanes Both operated experimental fast fights and tho KIV introduced a non and speeded up time table Tho timo ·11 tables of the companies at the end of the scor provided the following service Amsterdam to hamchi Pans to hamchi 51 days 51 days The first of the Dutch demonstration flights 1199 carried out bus PHAIP (The Pelıcın) a Folher IT III aeroplane The machine left Amsterdam early in the morning (0110 his ) on the Isth December 1933 and arrived in Bathun at 0800 lirs on the 22nd December, thus completing the flight in a little over four class On December 26th the machine left Batayan to fts lack to Amsterdam and the return flight was made in 4 days 4 hours and ?4 minutes The second flight was carried out by the Pander Post Jager PHOST It left Amsterdam on the 9th December but soon after learing Rome the machine made forced landing due to engine failure The flight was resumed after another engine was obtained from America and the machine arrived in Batave on the 2nd Januar The flight from Amsterdam to Bata via a distance of 9000 miles was completed in a flying time of 46 hrs 5 minutes The aeroplane left Bataria on the th January on the return journey but was held up at Calcutta for a day due to engine trouble A particular ferturc of these flights was that long sections were flown at night including much of the route through India where spe 111 wireless meteorological and herodrome organisation was provided On Derember 22nd the net high speed Dewoitine 247 typo aero, lano (F AMMI) which was used 11 An Trance for their clemonstration flight from Paris to Saigon and Inch left Le Bourget and after two nights and a day in Rome arrived in Sugon on the 29th Decemler thus corering z rlistance of 7 140 miles in a flying time of 48 hours It has honcs er to be recorded with great regret that the machine met with disaster on its return flight in Frince with the loss of all cres and passengers The number of fights carried out by the hIN rd Air France services across India during the rear 1933 w25— Eastbound Testbound Total 52 53 Dutch French 105 104 52 It is of interest to note that a reorgani ation of ti e French air transport companies is effected during the year resulting in a single large company which a knonn Air France la consequence the concesion to operte across India which was granted to the Air Orient is transferred to Air France &S ·12 The concession whereby the Dutch and French air services were used for the carriage of air mails from India to certain countries in tho east, did not result in a large volume of mails being so carried Since December 1933 when the British and Indın air service was extended to Singapore all mails for countries served by that service have been so despatched and are no longer sent by the K L M and Air France services Statistics with regard to the weight of air muls carried by these services to and from India are given in Appendix VI Operational statistics including passenger and froight traffic data are combined with those of Imperial Airways in Appendir VIII Punctuality returns of these services are combined with those of Imperial Airways in Appendix VII was IMPORTS AND EXPORTS BY AIR The year under review san ? further rise in the number of aircraft which cleared customs at the Indian air ports and the value of imports and exports by air The number of aircraft arrivals from abroad increased from 271 in 1932 to 316 and the number of departures for plzcos abroad from 968 to 302 The value of merchandise imported during the year Rs 50 60 311 compared with a value of Rs 8 28 786 during 1932 About 60 per cent of the merchandise imported consisted of diamonds The imports of bullion and currency notes rose from Rs 33 - 66 in 1932 to Rs 1 77 335 in 1933 The ralue of merchandise exported was Rs 44 206 against Rs 1353 in 1932 The exports of bullion and currency notes dropped from Rs 94 68 563 to Rs 1 02 700 Detuled statistics are given in Appendix IT AIR MAIL SURCHARGES Tho significance of air mail developments in India during thover 1933 cannot be appreciated without a reference to the change in the system of surcharges which was made effectio concurrently with the establishment of the first link in the trong Indin service on the 7th July Prior to that dato thoro had eusted an additional surcharge for the carriage of out sard foroign articles on any air service within India to the air port of departuro ex India nameli, harichi As an example the surcharge on a oz letter to Great Britain in addition to postage was 6 annas from harachi and Sannis for carriage from a place on an air service in India This principle had the effect of seriously limiting the uso of Indian air services and therefore militating against their derelopment, as sonders had the option of not paying the extra charge ·13 for internal contevance by air The general tendenct with regard to air mail surcharges is gradually to establish flat rates over wider zones following for cumple the change which took placo some vears ago in Europe when in place of a number of complicated differences in surcharges from Great Britain to continental countries 7 flat rate of 41 per oz to any countn in Europe was established While the popular demand for the climination of air mail surcharges cannot in present conditions be brought abont on account of tho comparatively high cost of Air transport the reduction and simplification of air mail surcharges is an end which is Ieing pursued On account of 1 revision of the system of settling ur mal accounts with the British Post Office resulting from the truns India agreement it was possil le not only to establish , flat rate of surcharge from any place in Indn und Burna to a particular destination abroad! I ut to do so by el minating the internal on mail surchargo of 2 annas per 1 oz letter Then mail surcharge therefore tecame as from 7th Jul 1933 6 unnas per 107 letter from Indin or Burma to Great Britun 75 com ured with the pre existing rate of Sannis The result in the development of ur mul traffic not only on Indian sertices but on the mun hiruchi I undon service is shown in the statistical tables ·GROWTH OF AVIATION IN INDIA I I IL KILEAGE OF AR ROUTES IN ARMAILS TO INDIA IMPORTS OPERATION IN INDIA AND BURMA NR MAILS FROM INDIA EXPORTS OPERATED BYINDIAN AIR SERVICES SCHEDULED WEEKLY MILEAGE OF LACS OT TONS INDIAN AIR SERVICES 30 AR MAIL SERVICES AIR MAIL CARRIED ON INTERNALI RUPEES 60 MILES 15000 25 50 12000 20 40 2000 15 30 6000 10 20 3000 5 10 0 0 0 1900 1931 1952 1932 1933 1929 X6! 1933 1931 - NOTE EXPORTS LARGELY CONSIST OF GOLD, IMPORTS LARGELY CONSIST OF PRECIOUS STONES ·15 SECTION II. FLYING CLUBS AND PRIVATE FLYING. Flying Clubs --Progress in the flying club movement was sustained The fiung returns summarised in Aprender show a total of 10 993 hours flown as agunst 9700 in 1932, an increaso of three in the number of aeroplanes operated by flying clubs but on tho other hand a considerable decrease (from : , to 6S) in the number of ab initio pilots trained Voro flyng was done by pilots undergoing adrunced truming for Al and B licences whilo probably licensed pilot members of the clubs used the zeroplanes n ore for their own pleasure and busines but at the syme time, pırt of the increase in flying hours is due to an increase in joy ride and tax flights taken by the public During the vear it 195 necessary to lit down cert un general rules for the guidance of the subsidi ed flung clubs to present unfu competition in commercial operations with unsubsidised commcrcı il concerns The more important de clop ments were to innuguration of a scpirato U P Tlung (lub and the resurrention of club flung in the Punjab through the \orthern India Flying Club The UP Flying Club has its heudquarters at Lucknow and a branch at (aw npore It was originally a branch of tho Delhi Flung (lub but since March 1933 has opcrated 15 a sopirite clul Provision was made in the budget for the grant of the usual subsidy and bonus to the new club In March 1934 the UP Government made a contribution of Ps 12 000 to the club for thc puuchase of an heroplanc The Northern India Tlving Club commenced operations at Lahore on the 1st October 1933 under 1 subsidy agreument with Governnient The new club is intended to replace the Punjab Flying Club which has been placed in liquidation The Vadras Fluing Club opered a hunch at Trichinopoly in April 1933 with 911 additional pilot instructor for that centre Tho flying clubs now in rustence in Indır ara BRITISH INDIA Subsidised Tho Dellu Flying Club Delhi The harichi Aero Club harachi The Dombu Flying Club Bombay The Vadrus Flying Club Vadras (with a branch at Tricłunopoly) Tho Bengal I lying Club Dum Dum The U P Flying Club Lucknow and Cawnpore. The Northern Indii Flying Club Lahore ·16 Incubsidiary The Kathmr Fluing Club Ahmedabad IYDIV STATES The Jodhpur Flying Club Jodhpur Propoils an under consideration bi H EH the leznm's Government for the formation of fun club at Hyderabad I lie Hero Club of India and Burmy remained the repre entativo of th lusterition limon mutique Internationale in India and the co ordinating bocht between (overnment and the flying clubs and to an increasing extent has taken responsibility for the work in connection with hir tours from and to India Working arrangements with the Round Aero Club and the Automobile Asociation in Great But in have been ofircted in this connention The grant for sub idt to the flying clubs in 1933 31 was main tuned at the same figure Rs 1 30 000 but since nen clubs uero subsıdıcd the indiul grints were reduce 1 The subsidi Illotted to tlir flying clubs nt Delhi harichi Bombay VIdrus Calcutta and Luchnow is as follows Rs Ilvel subali 16 000 (Compared with Rs 1" 000 in the preceding year) Bonus nt tomto of Rs 100 for each plot trained ab initio nnd licensed 2 000 Total 18 000 Iho sulards to the Northern Indii I lying Club was fired at 14 10 Jon at tho rate of Rs 3700 a quarter for the period of operntion plis Re } 500 in the form of ourned bonus Since the club did not commence operations until the lat October the first quirters subidy *29 allocated 29 1 special grant towards the purchase of an aeroplano for the club The Acro Club of India and jarm revered at reduced sulmex's of Rs 5000 as compared with Ps 18 000 in the prerecling voor In the car 1931 33 it has I con decide with the same total nllot me nt to make a firel grant of Rs 17 000 to each of the scien xnting flying club, and Rs 11 000 to the Arro Club Tho unintenance of the latter is ron lered essential while oning to the imposibility of n long term programme and the consequent difficulty of framing n schemo where hy tho major portion of tho subsidy 19 based on urning the bonus priments to the flying clubs will le, for the present eliminated ·17 Tho number of aircraft owned by tho flying clubs increased from 26 in 1932 to 29 in 1933 and the total number of flying hours, from 9,717 to 10,993 Membership increased from 1,739 in 1932 to 1,750 nt the cnd of 1933 The number of pilots trained ab initio during the year was he as ngunst sj in 1932 of this number, 39 were Ineluns and 29 European The following table sheus the number of persons who obtained Al B and Pilot Instructor's licences during the year 1933 as a result of the training given by tho flying clubs 19 9 1 1 3 U P Flying Club Delhi Ai licence 10 Bengal (8 Indians and 2 Europeans) (Bombay Madms B Licenco (3 Indians and 1 European ) Bombay Pilot Instructor's licence. Delhi (1 European ) 31 1) Delhi 31 1 91 7 The total number of Indians emploved by the Aymg clubs on he 31st Derember 1933 was 128 agunst 108 on the 31st Decomber .932 Of this number, 48 were employed in the workshops A comparative analysis of the accounts of the five sub-ulised lubs for the year 1932-33 shows that the cost of flying to the clubs was approximately Rs 55 per flying hour, while the receipts, including the Government subsidy, amounted to a little ove: Rs 52 There has been a general and progressive reduction in the cost of Bying whilo as a result of discussion of the problem at conferences arranged by the Aero Club of India and Burma, flying fees havo been raised and receipts per flying hour have improved Ti.cie is still a wido margin of difference between costs and earned incomo, since the subsidy paid by Government represents an amount varying from Rs 8 4 to Rs 21 per flying hour Private Aeroplanes.The number of privately owned aeroplanes on the 31st December 1933 was 37, as against 32 in tho Jear before Viceroy's Trophy Air Race. The aur race for the Viceroy's Trophy in 1934 has been postponed to December International Flights.—The number of air tours camel out to and across India and from India to foreign countries during 1933 was 31 (1932–26) These were distributed as follows British. Indian Australian Fronch 3 2 B ·16 Unsub sudised The Kathiawar Flying Club Ahmedabad INDIAN STATES The Jodhpur Flying Club Jodhpur Proposals aro under consideration by H L H the Nizam's "Government for the formation of a flying club at Hyderabad The Aero Club of India and Burma remained the representativo of tho Foderation Aeroniutique Internationale in Indi, and the co ordinating body between Government and the flying clubs and to in increasing extent has taken responsibility for the work in conncction with air tours from and to India I orhing arrangements with the Royal Aero Club and the Automobile Association in Great Britain hare been ofincted in this connertion The grant for cubsidy to the flying clubs in 1933 34 w28 mun tained at the same figure Rs 130 000 but since new clubs wero subsıdısed the individual grants were reduce 1 The subsidy allotted to the flying clubs at Dolhi Karachi Bombay Midras Culcutta and Luchnow was as follows Rs Fixed subsidy 16 000 (Compared with Rs 17 000 in the preceding year) Bonus at the rato of Rs 100 for each pilot trained ab initio and licensed 2 000 Total 18 000 lho subsidy to the Northern India Tlying Club 475 fired at Rs 10 300 at tho rate of Rs 3 500 a quarter for the period of operation plis R$ 1,600 in the form of orrnod bonus Since the club did not commence operations until the 1st October the first quarters subsidy 179 Boented as a special grant towards the purchase of an acroplane for the club The Aero Club of India and Burmn re cued n rcduccii susids of Rs 5000 is comprred wtlı R: 16 000 in the pre cding scar In the ver 1031 3) it has been dccidect with the simo total allotment to make a fivcil grant of Rs 17000 to eich of the scien outing flying club, and Ra 11 000 to the Arro Club Tho maintenance of the latter is ronsidered cssential while oning to the impo sibility of a long terni programme and the consequent clifficulty of framing a schemo where his tho major portion of tho subsidy 19 bascal on « zrnings the lonus pyments to the flying clubs will be, for the present eliminated

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·GROWTH OF AVIATION IN INDIA V HLES FLOWN BY INDIAN YIELD OF PETROL TAX COMMERCIAL AND CLUB AIRCRAFTD 8 ARRIVALS OF AIRCRAFT FROM FOREIGN COUNTRIES AT KARACHI DEPARTURES OF AIRCRAFT TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES FROM KARACHI 0 THOUSANDS MILES 100 LÁCS RUPEES 100 1100 254 1000 ala 214 NOS 200 8OC 2 20 700 600 150 500 400 3 100 300 200 12 50 E 100 O 1 O 0961 1561 1932 5561 1929 1930 1931 2861 1933 1923 1930 1931 2461 1933 ·1 SECTION III. ACCIDENTS, During the ier 1933 15 240 hours of flying serc carried out but Indian aircraft and 90 air-raft accidente in Indir were recorded compared with 11 5 0 hours flying and 22 nccidents during the previous car of thic an accidents three ocourred to aircraft regi teredd outside India whilst four in which aircraft rentered in British India icre nolied were all outside tho classification of flying accidents flying acculent being ono which occurs ? cten the commencement and cessation of taxying Of the four non flving accidents three were due to the pilot tarting tho engine with the throttle open no chochs under the wheels and no ono in charge of the controls This resulted in the machina running off out of control and either nosing over or running into an abstruction Such accidents can be attributed only to carelessnecy on the part of the pilot Notice to Airmen No 38 of the verr 1934 and Notice to Aircraft Owners and Ground Engineers do 20 of 1934 lay down rules on the subject the observance of the requirements of lich should obviate the recurrence of an accident of this type The fourth non flying accident was unfortunatels fatal inolving the death of a passenger a young boy of 13 who at the conclusion of his first flight jumped off the front of the lower main plane his head was struck by the urscreu He sustained very serious Injuries to which he succumbed in three days The results of the investigation of all flying accidents are recorded on standardised forms and an 'Aircraft Accident Analysia Form completed in respect of each arcidont During 1933 there were four major flying accidents in India inrluding three non fatal accidents to Indian aircraft and one fatal accident to a foreig pilot flying across India Of the 22 flying accidents which occurred to aircraft registered in British India five resulted in write off of the aircraft five in damage necessitating complete overhaul and 12 in damage necessitating renewal of major components The distribution of accidents in India 19 shown in Appendir XI In regard to the cause of the flying accidents tho following tablo is built up from the classification given on the analysis forms for 1939 and 1933 Number Sumber 1933 Nature 1932 3 Class 6 S 5 F D G L Landing Acci lents Spn or stall wit} aut engine faul ire Take off accidents Iorced lan ling ·22 Number 1933 Number 1932 Class Nature. "B". 2 1 Collisions in full fight with objects other than aircraft Taxying accidents Structural Failure* 1 2 “H” "N" 1 Total 22 20 * Unregistered and uncertified aircraft The causes of the accidents in 1932 and 1933 are shown in porcentage form in Appendır XII, from a hich it will be noticed that during 1933, 85 7 per cent of the blame for accidents 19 attributed to the pilot, 2 2 per cent was due to failure of or defect in the aircraft or engine and 12 1 per cent to miscellaneous causeg such as weather airport, etc The major accidents are briefly described below Indian Registered Aircraft -(1) An inexperienced pilot, flying through bad weather was mareuvring for position to and when the aeroplane stalled and crashed The pilot sustained scrious injuries and the damage to the airframe necessitated renewal of several major assemblies (2) A pilot on a cross country flight flew into fog In coming down to locate his position, the aeroplane struck a treo and crushed The pilot sustained serious injuries while his passenger escaped with minor cuts and bruises The heroplane was written off (3) A pilot, on coming into land at an acrodrome, misjudged his hoight and the aeroplane struck a tall tree and crashed Tho pilot sustained serious injuries, while his passenger was fortunate in receiving only minor injuries The damage to the aeroplane necessitated a complete overhaul Foreign Aircraft -(4) In Italian aeropline, wluch left Calcutta for Rangoon on the night of the 14th April 1933 in the course of a world flight, was reported missing Later, portions of tho wreckage were washed up on the shore of one of the islands in tho GangeDelta Wlule thero is no evidonce to show the cract Cause of the accident, it is assumed that bad weather was tho cause, tho puint left Calcutta in spite of warnings of dangerous wenther conditions The plot's bords was not recovereel In Appendix VIII the major accuents to Indian aircraft aro compared with hours and miles flown Whule in 1933 thero was no futni nccident the mil nge flows for each accident insolung serious anjury increased from 218 000 in 1932 to 100 000 in 1933 ·23 SECTION IV. MISCELLANEOUS FLYING AND COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES, De Havilland Aircraft Co, Ltd. --The firm continued to maintain its Indian sales and service branch at Karachi During the rear 1933 there was a considerable improvement in salus, as will be observed from the sales statement belon Rs 7 Fox Voths with Gipsy Major engines I Puc Vloth 5th Gipas III engine I Metal Voth with Gipsy II engine i Wooden Voth with Ging, III engine 1 90 015 1 Giper Vajor engine 1 Gipsy I engine Metal Voth auframes 1 Float undercarriage for For Moth 2 Dragons 94 571 Total 2 84 586 a The value of the sales during 1932 33 was Rs 77 300 In addition to the usual muntenance and major repair work the Company prepared three Puss Moths and two Roths for certificates of airworthiness and overhauled seven Gipsy engines The Company carried out considerable amount of demonstration fing during the vear amounting to 100 flights, totalling 111 hours and covering 10 070 miles Imports of aircraft and aircraft material --The total value of the imports of aircraft and aircraft material into India during the year 1933 was Rs 8 18 174 compared with Rs 3 19 064 in 1932 the large increase being due to the import of Atalanta and Dragon aeroplanes for the fleets of Indun Trons Continental Airways und Indian National Airwars Air Survey and Photography Indian Air buriey and Transport Ltd Caleutta continues their programme of air survey during 1933 Of a total of 268 hours flying compared with 182 hours during 1932 220 hours ce spent on photographic suney forh The arer of vertical air suriey photographs was 2500 square iniles compared with 877 u quyre iniles during 1932 The aeroplanes used by the company were one Di Havilland Puss Voth and one Avto Arian The staff employed amounteil at one time during the year to 5 Luropeans (Pilots and Ground Engineers) and 101 Indnins in the forkshop Office Drawing Room and Darl Rooli The latter staff is simile and depends on the Nuctuating state of contract work ·24 Taxi flights -The following table shens the amount of nonregulır air transport performed during the year 1933 Company or Organisation Journeys Hours flown Miles Passengers, flown Tata Sons Ltd Madras Air Taxi Service Flying Clubs 2 13 27 4 76 123 Not known 7 001 11 011 2 16 26 Total 203 18 012 Joy Riding — The amount of during the year 1933 w 19 as follows Joj nde flying carried out Company or Organisation Flights Hours Passengers flown Indran National Airways Ltd Madras Air Taxi Service India Air Pageants Ltd 124 537 No infor mation Do 31 56 98 706 1,141 2 858 Flying Clubs 457 3 80G Total 642 8 511 Tho number of passengers carried on joy rides in 1932 was 4,972 India Air Pageants --India Air Pageants, Ltl, a company registered in Bombay by Captain CD Barnard and Flight Lt A. Hº Dalton arrived in India in December to give a series of air displays The company arranged to co operate with the flying clul s in India Displays were given at various centres in British Indon and in the Indian States The venture has proved successful, in that large cronde huse been present at the displays and a large numbor of the publte 1250 availed themselves of the opportunity to taho flights Six aircraft were brought to India for the tour, including the Toller single engined monoplane (The Spider) two rou Moths, ono Tiger Moth ono Spartın 3 senter and a Low Wilde Drone. Up to tho 314 December the organisation flow 48 hours and carried 3213 passengers including 357 free By the end of the tour they completed a total of 739 hours 10 201 prying passengers and 2 025 free possongere One minor accident occurred at Dum Dum The Drono which touched the water cluring low flying orer a tanh, Was wirched Tho pilot escaped with minor injuries Bihar and Orissa Earthquake It 18 gratiling to record that Indir Air Pngeants Ltd who were in Patna nt the tine were ablo to finder assistanco during the earthquako disaster in Bihar and ·The ser Oriss7 Two members of tht Compın Meser Dalton and Palmer, flew immediatelt to Vuzaffarpur from l'atna Difficulty 118 perienced in landing at Vuztiarpur owing to the damage dono to the lindin. Tuund is the town was cut off from outside communication the pilots were able to allns the general anxiety to come extent Instincung me from outside and carrying messages to l'atny veril photo riples were taken ud a fairly courite account of the damaged me was reported to the Government of Bihar and Oni Il hat foll is a statement by the Bibar and Orissa Government of the as 1 tance «lersul from the list of 14 roplines in connection with the earthquake tirthquake which isited Bihar on Monday the I th Januari resulted in the destruction of all normal meins of communition road rul and teleginpihue Letween Patna the capital of te province and the districta north of the Ganges The isolation of the indly affected one is would have continued for days in come parts for wechs had it not been for the invaluablo assistance afforded in the use of aeroplanes Some twents four hours after the disaster a private reroplane landed in Patna and reported the results of a reconnaissance or er three of the affected districts On the succeeding day further reconnaissance flights were carried out by this aeroplane and a machine specially chartered by the Bihar Government By the third das almost the whole of the affected area had been observed from the air in the Biliar Government were able to form a general impression of the extent of the damage and to locate the areas which had suffered most An aeroplane # is also used by Vessrs Begg Sutherland of (awnpore to get into touch with the sugarcane mills in which they were interested the Normal communications were slowly se established but aeroplane continued to demonstrate its utility His Excellency the Governor and other Iugh officials were able to itsit zsolated towns confer with the local officers and return to their headquirters tho same day 1) e journey from Patni to Muzatfarpu sluch even in pre-earthquake dais occupied more than four hours became ? matter of thirt five minutes An aeropline has been placed at the disposal of the Comini sioner of Tirhut and he and the Superintending Fngineer Public llor) s Department are able to mahe rapid jonnej sto places wluch they could hardly have found time to visit even had road and ricorumunications been norma) ineclicines and urgent Aeroplanes were also used to curts Government letters In short the utilits of ur trins, orths reason both of its Tapidity and its independence of ground communications seldom have been more clearly de mon trited than in the dots succeeding this earthqurke can ·28 SECTION V. ADMINISTRATION. Civil Aviation Budget. The provision for civil aviation 10 1933 34 and in the forthcoming year 1934 35 is shown in the table below Net final Budget appropriation (1933 31) (1933 34) Budget (1934 35) Rs Rs. Rs 1 Direction 2 Works 3 Wireless Serpices 4 Grants to Clubs 5 Other grants for aviation purposes 6 Expenditure in England on Scholarships, etc 2,73,400 1 66,400 3 50 000 1,32 000 2,59,872 1,45,808 3,60,000 1,25,800 3,11,300 308,100 4,00,000 1,32,000 41,200 2,99,610 2 38 600 32,000 36 000 34,000 Total 9,95 000 12,27,090 14,24 000 The increase in the grant for “ Direction " in 1934 36 is mainly due to the provision of staff at additional aerodromes and increased provision for aircraft inspection staff Uncler " Works", provision 1119 been nudo in 1934 35 for new capital oxpenditure-notably the provision of runways at Gaya and the extension of the Administrative bulding at Karachi In 1933 34, new works were restricted to minor worhs Tho increasod grant for “ Wireless Services' in 1934 35 provides for the re opening of one station closed in 1931 and tho strengthenink of the staff nt other stations Under “Grants ", there is a large increase in 1933 34 over the original budget provision This covers the insctment of capital in Indian Irine Continental Airways Limited (Rs 109000) and provision for tho refund of customs duts and remission of landing fees to that company under the licad of subsidy (Rs 93200)- Jinbility which arose eluring the course of tho scar Further expenditure under the same heads !y prouded in 1934 35-Capitnl R4 72000, Sube R I 10 000) ·27 Ciril Asistion Stat.-The following statement thens the derclopment of the staff of the Coul dintion Directomto in six Tean 1928 29 1831-32 1934-35 Headquarters Oficers Establishment 3 3 00 21 Aircraft I nepcion- Inspectors Establishment 3 4 . 7 Aerodrome Sintterodrome Officers 5 Establishment and other 6 New Appointments --The two reimming students, who were under training in England returned to India and were appointed as Assistant Aircraft Inspectore on probation on the 15th November 1933 One has been posted to Karachu and the other to Delhi Aerodrome Control - Irringements were made during the year to place all the atrodromes on the trany India routo in charge of Aerodrome Officers or other authorities who carry out the work of Aerodrome Officers The number of Aerodrome Officers is now Six distributed as follous I Karachi Air Port- under the administration of the Officer in Charge Auship Base 2 Delhi- lerodrome Officer 3 Allahabad--Aerodrome Officer 4 Calcutta-Aerodrome Officer 5 Akyah-Aerorlrome Officer 6 Rangoon--Acrorrome Oficer In addition a clerk has been placed in charge of the landing ground at ( awnpore and the duties of Aerodrone Officer at Bombzi (Juhu) are carried out by Tits Sons Ltd The Jodhpur Darbar admin ter the Jodhipur ierodrone on the Sime system as applies at Governinent of India aerodromes thus ensuring 1 very valuable mez-nre of unformity Director of Deputation and Tours - Vr r Timm Cul nation in India was on deputation in Fngland from the 7th May 1933 to the 30th June 1933 in connection with the arrangements for the operation of the air service from Karichi to Singaporu by Indian Trans Continental rate and Imperial 1TE idon Deputt Director Airways During this period Mr of Cul Asiation actod as Director VIC ·Hon following tens mee erreichrtle Dapat Dire-tor of d'ull Aulation minulla durins the y 1111111111 Illahabad Gun (1-17 Chi tipong hkrab Nang minat lurt Mon - Ramil Iuli-lheim () full Indien hiri hol lexlhpur thuratalud Patrol Tax Fundin af h timulable in this (unel for the 1931 ind find me allotted to the followins objects - (11) Proton of IOR shadon harflood light at Karichi (b) l'rorision of speenlla deigned ob truction light on the Willoch DFW T marts at lingaladon nerodrome (c) benne a stance to 5 Ground Engineers for further trmimng in Fnglınd Details of the scheme are given later in this Section (d) Helium re earch The tramination of samples of natural gas from the oil fields of India was continued is International Conventions -India not represented at the 21st Session of the International Commission for air Navigation hold nt Rome in May 1933 but her interests were entrusted to the British Dolegation The Convention relating to the liabilito of air carriers for damage caused to third parties on the ground has been examined and the Governniont of India hare decided to ratifs the Convention after tho necessari legislation to implement its prussions has been onnctel Steps to that end are being taken The Convention relating to the cautionar arrest of aircraft has been signed on bychalf of India and the question of its ratification is under cranination Legislation - Reference was made in last vers Report to the new Indinn Aircraft Bill For some cars past the inariequacy of the Indian Aircraft Act 1911 has been increasingly felt and it was considered that the stage had been reached when it w longis possible to control air tnffie efficiently or to imili In 112 R international obligatione without fresh legislation the year 1933 the drafting of the new Bill was completed was introduced in the legalitare Asseir bly on the 19th N The Bill attends the rule inahing power of the Covernor in Council to meet modern de velopments enables Gos firo full effect to the prouisions of the International and its annexes mallıshes certain principles of Ins and for certain other matters on uluch legislation liau berons ·20 The Indian Carriage by Air Bill, giving effect in India to the provisions of the Warsaw Convention relating to international carriage by air was Also introduced in the same session of the Assemblı. The Bill provides power to the Governor General in Council to mahu rulos Applying the provisions of the Warsaw Convention to internal carringe by air also Indian Aircraft Rules - 1 number of further amendments to the Indian Aircraft Rules 1920, ucre made during the year under report They wero eflected in two notifications No T-51, dated the 4th November 1933 and 20th January 1931, respectively, and were mainly in respect of the folloring (a) Tho rules regarding the airworthiness of aircraft wero revised Nen provisions were introduced in Part II in respect of the “General Conditions of Flying" These provisions relate, inter alia, to documents to be carried in aircraft, licensing of W/T apparatus in aircraft, carriage of mails, dropping of articles from aircraft smoking in aircraft, cancellation, suspension, etc, of licences and special provisions relating to licence of members of flying clubs (6) Djedical examination for the renewal of A licences was introduced, in accordance with the decision of the International Commission for Air Navigation Provision was made for the piloting of a public transport aeroplane by a second pilot whose 41 or B licence is not endorsed for that particular type of «croplane (c) Part V, dealing with the overhaul and inspection of flying machines was completely revised and a new part dealing with radio electric signals and apparatus was introduced (d) Tho custome procedure for airernft was simplified (e) The provisions relating to medical examination for A and B licences and flying tests and technical examination for B licences were amenderi. () Schedule IV relating to Certificates of Airworthiness of aircraft was wholly revised and tests and examinations for Ground Engineer's licences prescribed Prohibited Areas -T.1 April 1933, practically the whole of North-West India was prohibited to the navigation of cıvıl aircraft The question of relaxing this restriction to allon cıvıl aircraft to fly at least as far as Quetta, was examined and a new notification roducing the extent of tho prohibited areas in India was issued As a result, certain areas in Baluchistan which previous prohibited aro now open for cırıl flying Licences and Certificates. A statement chewing the number of licences and certificates issued during the year 1933 and comparative figures for 1932 is giren in Appendix XIV were ·30 The number of private Pilot s licences issued during the vear was 96 compared with 104 during 1932 The number of persons who obtained Al licences (Limited Commercial Pilot) increased from 5 in 1932 to 13 in 1933 and the number of those who obtained B licences from 12 to 18 6 Pilot Instructor s licences and 6 Ground Engineer 8 licences were issued during the year under review (1933) against 12 and 7 respectively in 1932 The number of aircraft on the register and holding current certificates of airworthiness at the end of the vear was 82 and 48 respectively, compared with 70 and 34 at the end of 1932 The total horse power of aircraft on the register at the end of the year was 11 026 compared with 7 420 in 1932 Thu zircraft registered during the ye ir consisted of - No Registered Total of Type of Aircraft horse horse Aircraft power power 6 D H 60 Moth (Gipsy I) 85 510 4 DH 60 Moth (Gipsy II or Gipsy III) 105 420 DH 83 Fox Moth (Gipsy Major) 118 708 1 DH 80 A Puss Moth (Gipsy III) 105 105 2 DH 84 Dragon (2 Gipsy Major) 236 472 2 GAL 4 Monospar Monoplane ( 2 Pobjoy R) 150 300 2 A W XV Atalanta (4 Seryal III) 1 300 2 600 1 Low Wylde Drone (Douglas) Comper Swift (Pobjos R) 75 75 6 6 6 1 5 196 Notices to Airmen -The growth of administrative work in connection with aviation is illustrated by the continued oxpansion of the Notice to Airmen system 51 Notices to Airmen were issued during the ver as against 42 during 1932 Civil Aviation Scholarships --In pursuance of the policy of assisting Indians to qunify for and obtain posts in aviation five ground engineers were selected fron. those available with inost experience nnd in possession of ground engineer & licences in certain categories they were Rent to England to acquire experience of nircraft and engine inanufncture and repair and to obtain licences in Categories B and D This has been made possiblo by the co-opria group of conipanie Two ra vì perioil which will ortend to engine factories and one 19 being truined for a period of one year as nn ory acetyleno welder The scheme is being financed from the petrol tar fund Financial nestetance nnd n scholarship have also been granted to a recirch student who has for some years been studying in Englan 1 Tho purpow of this grant 19 first to resist the student to de relap hu tuturul bent for design work and secondly to ensuro A fuller investigation of the properties of a clerice relating to aeroplane wings which line been patented by the student 21 year ·SECTION VI. AIRCRAFT INSPECTION. During the course of 1933 93 aircraft hold current certificates of registration s hilut 61, representing 68 per cent of the total number rugl-tered, held current certificates of airworthiness The percentage of Aircraft holding current certificates of airhorthiness to those cipable of flight luring the year would have been appreciably higher but a number of aeroplanes although still registered aro hnown to have been quito unserviceable and in many cases will never bo flown again Action 14 now being tahen to withdraw the certificates of registration of such aircraft There is al-o 1 number of foreign built aircraft in India for thich certificates of airworthiness could nover be granted as ther do not comply with the design requirements adopted in dia Jost of thesu aeroplanes whilst still in a ffs able condition, are used only occasionall. The significance of these figuros is that certification of airworthiness is not compulsory for privato aircraft, the reasons for which were fulls cliscussed in last vear & Report The following table gives the number of aircraft of yrious types which held current certificates of registration and certificates of airworthiness during 1933 Registered Holding Type of Aircraft Private Commercial. Total Cs of A 3 0 25 3 38 13 11 1 0 5 6 16 7 2 2 0 31 11 7 2 2 0 D H9 DH GO Moth DH 80 A Pusy Moth DH 83' Fox Moth DH 84 'Dragon Moth' AW XV Atalanta Blackburn Bluebird Comper 'Swift' Monospar Avro Aylan Discellaneous including eight foreign built aircraft 2 4 2 2 1 2 2 1 4 3 3 3 3 0 1 14 0 1 2 50 45 95 6+ ·32 A measure of the airnorthiness of aircraft registerei in India may be deducod from the percentage of flving accidents due to material failures 14 failure of the aircraft structure including its controls the power plant and equpment During 1933 only 2 1 per cent of flying accidents were due to material fulure there being only two accidents in which a portion of the blame was attributed to tho material Both cases are attributable to bad maintenince One case was due to partil engine failuro owing to the presence of a nut in the combustion chamber of one of the cylinders Tho minner in which it gained access into the engine W18 never discos cred In the other case certain control cables wero adjustod too tight, resulting in a certain stiffness which detracted from the normal feel of the controls Tho increase in multi engined 2eroplanes shewn in this Section and Section V, entailed proportionately far more inspection work than the small single enginod aeroplanes which constituted the wholo of the aircraft in India during previous vers In November 1933 the inspection staff which up to thon hid comprised one Aircraft Inspector and one Assistant Aircraft Inspector was nugmented by the appointment of two Indian trainees as Probationary Assistant Aircraft Inspectors They are now gaining experience of practical inspection worh and the adaptation of European inspection methods to Indian conditions Arrangomonts have been made to purchase additional inspection equipment Principal among the new cquipment are 'Vickers' Piramid Hardness Testing Machine and a 'Hounsfield Tensometer The first is user to test certain physical properties of the material in aircraft parts (eg gear teeth Torrings and streamlıno wires) without rendering the parts unservice able It will be used mainly in connoction with parts of engines undergoing overhaul particularly for heat treatod parte the strength property of which may have changed during rise It mny also be used for testing parts made locally, and on dofoctivo or frictured parts The Hounsfield Tensomotor will bo used mainly to investigate defects and failuros It will enablo tho accurate determination of the tensile strength and certain other physical propertion of parts such as connecting Tous crankcases and valse stoms or heads to be made from tost pieces cut froin defective parts It may also bo used for testing and approping raw matemal obtained locall for structural repairs Attention has been guon to tho improvemont of tho quality of the petrol available for aviation particularly in relation to its antı detonation rating both bs tho jutrol supply companies and bi tho Clorernmont Departments concerned Detonation mrokies a budden and exceecito rico in pressure in the cilinders of an internal combustion engine and frequently results in failure of the working ·83 occurs parts particularly connecting rods, crankcases crankshafts bearings and pistons Further abeni detonation the working temuxrature of the engine rises and thus mas in turn lead to further detonation and an set up a ticious circle Detonation particularly, In alcooled engines 18 therefore posti a concomitant of the high temperatura prevalent in Inelia In the past fucitests have benncarrut out abron at considerable expos inconvenience and delas To 0nn ble fuel tests to be fined out in India erringements are now being made for the Indian Store Department to install ar r R fuel testing unit at their llipore Test Hou e It one timo during the verr it was neneswari tou a benzol mixture for some of tho engines in 1180 Later an ethylcd fuel is made available uluch complied with the anti- noch riting Teguisements In 1934 however unadultomted petrol of higher qualits 1/72 placed on calo and this eliminated the necessit for using nurtures It is hoped that the improrce fue) will result in an improvenient of engine ithahihto though the tendencs on the part of engine designers to rniso comi pression ratios necessitates constant corresponding improrement in fuels 1 cause of clconation common in India is overhenting due to werh fuol mixture arising from nn attempt to reduce petrol Bulls by using unersized jets or too much altitude control an Arrangements have leon ma le for testing oils in India Some kinds of oil produce cuce sive carbon and sludge duc to the higher working temperature of engines in this country A minor modification in the system of issuing Ground Engineers licences has been introduced Experience has shewn that the examination which 19 both prictical and oral 1s insuffcient in itself to determine whether a candidate will anal e a satisfactory ground engincer Close supervision of the actual work of the engineer during the curly stages of his operation is not only the best gaude to lus capacity and smtabilt for the work but itself contributes to his ultimate surcess les licences are therefore endorsed Vald only for operntion under approvedl supervision TH supervision may take the form of supervision by a (overnment inspertor or by an experienced ground engmeer In March 1934 an Insportors Conference was held at Delhi to *the Brtish and Indian stern oltremity of the tors which came under ion of ground engineer Inoxlifications overlinals and repurs of aircraft and engine inrestigntion of dit ftats and failtires testing of fuels oils and other materials and tho storage and distribution of pares ·84 SECTION VIT: GROUND ORGANISATION. Budget — sum of R. 1 66 400 was provided for works services in the budget cstimates for 1933 31 but the provision wag subsequently reduced to Rs 45 808 The original and final allocations srero as follows Budget Revised Provision Allocation Ps Rs 10 000 31,800 31,900 31 900 (0) Minor works (n) Construction of a hard runway at the cusii aerodromont Ah,ab (11) Consolidation and drainage of a portion of the landing ground at tho civil nerodrome at Rangoon (iv) Land and survey charges at Rangoon Dum Dum and Juhu (v) Maintenance and repairs (11) D-partmental charges 18 100 1,200 75 000 31 400 5 933 58 719 13 256 1 66 400 1,45 808 Akyab runways --The construction of one runs ay with two turning circles at tho cival aerodromo at Aksab was completed Tho runsas 19 sted in 1 dirertion N XE-S SW along ono of tho narrow arms of the landing ground This direction 13 practically coincident with the prevailing wind during the monsoon and the completion of the work has been of considerable holp to tho regular operition of the air servicos The runway is constructed an brich mncariam Tho Akyab landmg ground remains a ту restricted on and although one of tho most important in India cannot bo modo into a first class acrodrome until funds on a con siderable schlo are available Rangoon - suin of R4 16 000 plus departmental charges (Re 15000) wluch was originally provided in the budget for tho consolidation of a portion of the Ringoon nero Irome Atirrinilore1 Oning to the natural consolidation of the ground! It w3e druri not to procce 1 with tho work but to diront thic funda to the acquution of land for tho improvement of the approaches to the ne-ixronie This nequation could not be completed until the following, si ar Aerodrome lighting --Of the two 5 h w Chance' inobilo flood lights purchasert last sunr, ono lias born loaned to tho Jolhpur Dirbir for us nt lodhpur till such time as the Dirhar prosido their was ·33 own floudlight For the fronter part of the ver both harachi and Jodhpur floodlights hair lon on pymtion and a considerable Amount of night flving on the section of the route has been donu The maximum observed range of this but non is a mule- the Karichi beroon hna been seen from near liderand (Sini) Chance Brel anier toh Resoluing heacon floodlight, fitted with a shadow bar luns Inenstalled at harucht mounted on the rout of the Adminı imtnt building on the wet side of the Eroun! The eu ting, h muluile floodlight will be transferreal to another aerotrome AS 41011 na Ojx ration procedure for the 10 KW licht is stufactors witlud ind it is then into regular 1194 AGIC9h floodlight will herth be installed by tho Conipany at Dum Dum for criment il and de monstrtion purpo es All lights equipiert Irizuudled as (pocrinontal and the cost hne been met from the Petrol la lund provided for experimental purjont Minor works Thc mution of imears of noil together with a rapid rowth in slemand for minor facilities necessitated the dev tion of all available funds to an attempt to provide tho most pressing necessities No one work was of sufficient ningnitude to requre more than brief mention but the cumulative effect of improvements carried out at an expenditure of Rs 36 000 has materially improved the con enienres and amenities of the aerodromes mostly lying on the truns India route The worh included such items as provision of lavatoripe for passengers and st21 construction of offices in hangara construction of quarters for clerks and meniais who are required to be a blable for operations at all hours prot ision of rollers carts and other nerodrome equipments, piecial work on the new lux (ut of Crwnpore referred to elsewhere of greater specific effect were two items at Rangoon and Calcutta--the cutting of trees along the Prome Rord at Vingaladon has materially improved the approach to the aerodrome though much improviment is still required and at Dum Duni the hangar has been re wired and the interior lightin, improred while tarmac floodlights have also been provided Cawnpore -A development of majoi sinificance as the landing over of the Caunpore atrodlome by the Armi to Civil Anition in June Cawnpure was selected as a stripping place on the truns Indii seri ice it is also the headquaters of the (wwpore branch of the United Provinces Flying Club It is lypected that Irrahim ments it will become an important conmereial aerodrome hare therefove been made covering its use for a period of ten ein Additional nulitary land has been thrown into the landing area proriding landing dimensions of approximately son vard non fuistent The good rond approaches which were previously Tinted Provinces Ihing Clubs have alread crected their hangar on the new building area edjouming the road and the trin fer of refuelling installations and buildings } in progres ant ·86 MadrasSimilar arringements lave been made to take over the Vadras aerodrome for a period of ten sears from the Royal Air Force and to develop it as a civil aerodromo A now lay out is lveing planned Victona Point and Tayoy - Pursuint to the policy of gradora! substitution of cul control of the landing grounds on the trans Inria route the landing grounde at Victoria Point and Taroy were taken oser from tho Poval Air Force on 1st April 1934 The Administrative control of Victoria Point has been improved by the appointment of a local resident as acrodrome authority Private aerodromes — The construction of private aerodromes during the voir mırls the opening of a new phrac Hitherto while landing placus may have been temporarily prepared they had not been placed on a renognised permanent bass Certificates of approval as acrodromes for regular use for the carriage of passengers were issued to the following Narc Position Proprdor Chettinad Vadrag Pre3 lencv Raja Sır Annamalai 43 miles S of Chettrar of Chettinad Trichinopols Maheshgan Rengal Presuency Mr R Pal Clioudhri 61 rriles of Cal atta Tho ruusal of fly ng Lahore through the Northern India Flying Club brought tho I ahoro (kot Lahlpat) aerodromo into ocration Ag 11 This nerodromo is controlled by tho Nortliern India Flying Ch Prousional appros al was also gn en to the 1150 of the landing grounds nt Puri Vizngapatam nnd Ganniinram (near Bezwada) in tho Vadras Air Car Service in connection with the temporarily opcratei Vadon Calcutta serTICO A number of landing grounds was constructed in Northern Bilar to printo or local enterprise all of which wero within tho earthquako yono and all of which were more or less ferionelt damageel Thoso includre pinthun Vonara Purtalsporo ard Muzaffarpur Repairs linse leen effected in most casca l'ut certificates of approval havo not yet Irengued Tho landing ground nt Darbhanga (Darbhanga Stnte) une simularly damaged Indian States -Ile Jodhpur Darbar continued its progress air poltes Thren Additional landling froUncle nt Cadra Road, Verta Rand mnl 'Tilsats all on the trane Inelin route, hayol een constructor Achating baso hng Tecn inado at the Jouhpur nerolome more a liard runnas has also been constructed and tho Afrodrome hotel enlarged The Darlar 18 aleo considering plans for acrourorro lisitare ·37 The following other lanılmg grounds in Indian States have been constructed Lumi di Loharu Dholpur timpur and I'atinin I lan ling ground at Bhopall198 also been partially prepared which, horerer is stel on hisch cotton soul and will be unusabilo in the Tains rintil run 114 has been constructed 'The State require & rock notice of the intention to land at this acrodrone Wireless Services | brief crout Director of Wireless of the winle soruces that were available for air navigation in India durmg the war under report 18 van lolos During the car 1933 34 the relevs station (including directiorfinder) at 6112 and tho dinctio , finding stations near Dellus and Allahabad renuined closed but arrangements were made for tho ro open.ng of the Gava molius station in April 1134 TIe worh of modernising the wireless station et lictoria Point together with tlo provision of a direction finder # 18 completed I'reliminary Arrange ments were made for the construction of a new wireless station at Tarox in Lower Burma the work was approved by the Govern ment of India and fun is provided for the year 1934 3) this station should afford useful facilities for alreraft flying between Rangoon and Singapore either by the west coast of the Valny Poninsula or following tho longer route 20 Binghoh Tho proposed fitting of wircless apparatiis in the air mail machines of Mesars Tit Song Ltd flying on the Karachi Bomba Madras Serrico did not materialise Arrangements for tho interchange of meteorological information betreon wireless stitions on the regulır air route betwcen harachi and Victoria Pout were nugmented and worhed satisfactorily The worh at the wcloss stations increased considerably during the car owing to the opening in successive stages of the trans India ur service between Karachi and Calcutta Rangoon and Singapore communication was also arranged in connection with a mumber of special flights by R A F and commercial machines Þoth British and foroign During the calendar vor 1933 the number of wireless messages in connection with aviation 74 aproximatc's as follous (a) Messages erel anged totween aircraft and ground stations 10 000 (6) Messages orchanged between ground stations themselsce 10 800 Meteorological Services --The utilits of the meteorological service prorided for aviation nins be judged from the following note prepared by the Director Ceneral of Observatcries showing tho work done and des clopinents which took place during the sear: The Meteorological Department was called upon to rrect ner demands for weather reports in connection with the new air mail Karachi Victoria Point Cnicutta Ducca ank &ertices op the ·38 VA), Madras Calcutta routes The meteorological needs of the trang India air route Of or which three regular weekly mail services operated each continued to be sérred by the forecasting offices at Karachi and Calcutta In addition tho Karachi office forecasted for the Karachi Ahmedabnd section of the Tita Sons Madras harachi air mail service whilo Calcutt, forecasted for the Calcutta Dacca and Calcuttı Rangoon services of Indian National Airwave, Ltd Pooni remained the sole forecasting office in South India with facilities for preparing only one weather chart and forecast per day, to serve in addition to its general neither dutios the needs of the regular air mul service bet noen Vadras and Ahmedabad In connection with tho Karachi Vadris air mail service thrco neu pilot balloon observatories at Valegnon Bomboy (Colaba) and Bollars were started during the rear arrangements were mado for communicating current weather information by land lino tolegraph to certun nerodromes from obsorvatories situated at a 1enther 1118 con nd useful to the mail neroplane In order to fit in with the Imperial Air WAIT Arbian roast routo bet w cen London and harach & 2nd class surface Obseri ntory was started at Sharjah The question of starting a pilot balloon observatory there was lool cd into but hund to be postponed for want of suitablo accommodation Tho Current Weather Report schemo introduced during tho previous yeur on the wireless chun along the trans Indıı air routo was oitendod so as to include voluntary reports containing immodito wirnings of the setting in and disapporrance of adverse weather With the co operation of the langer Imperial Armatu Cairs tho schemo of oluntarı reports of dangerous pheno monn w 18 introcluced at Cuadur and Bohren also In addition to the two routinc observations in the early morning anl at noon the stations participating in the Current Weather Report schomo were ached to record thrco moro routino obucrintions at 10 00 15 00 and 17 30 hours culs These observations which nro merely for rorord until tho wireless fortice can handlo the extra traflıc inyolsed in their exchange 1 otucen the coveral stations aro espected to furn haluable statistics of such climatological factors as are referred to in Annex G to tho International Coni ention for the Regulation of Acrial Naviga to) Current nether stations on tho Tatn air mail routo vero also nshel to rorord 7 obuersations as a daily routine for a simular purpose During the calendar foar 1033 about 49 Owenther reports and route forrents were Jeaned to civil avtors (including regular ATTICE*) of wluch 3 200 merc kuziplied bs karachi scoli Calcutta and about 200 by Poona ·39 The number of upper wind reports supplied to nircraft, tho numler of scual oliserations of current weather supplied on request to neroplanes in flight, in acelition to routine reports erchanger bi \/T and the number of warnings of adverse weather and improrement thereof issued by stations along the trans India air routc are given in the following table Name or Station To of upper wind reports cupplied Jo of current wanther nu ports supplied Yo of danger niet and im proiemet mesuges (194ned 1x tween Ist July and 31st Docem kr 1933) 1 100 10 49 17 2 lol 100) 18 harachi Jodhpur Dlh Alnbalna Calcutta Chittagong Ahsal Sandow) Bassein Rangoon Victoria Point 70 83 134 210 19 118 39 12 6 lut 66 215 222 IN 8 Sixteen special curront weather reports wcro observers along the Ahmedabad Bellary route for the Tata ur mul supplied by service, in addition to 400 routine current weather reports Facilities were given to pilots and other uvators to study the wenther churts and to discuss meteorological sturtions with the meteorological officers 1hrco candidates foi Pilots B licence were trained or examined in Elo tart Veteorology at Poona 1 at Agra and 2 at hrrachi, anel i candidate for 2nd class Air Naugator s licence truned at Karachi in Elementarı Vetcorology Tho following items of information were supplied on roquest in connection with the solection of alr routes i Weather conditions orer Jodhpur Rawalpind route (nra Bikaner and Lahoro) and orer Karachi Lahore ronto (119 Jacobabad) to Incan National Airways 2. Climatology of the air routo Rawalpindu Srinagar during Juno September to Bombay Flying Club 3 Normal rainfall charts and storm trach charts with an oxplanatory note about movement of depressions between Singapore and Calcutta to the Director of Cul Aviation 4. Winds for December along Calcutta ladras route to Tata Sons, Ltd ·APPENDIX 1. Karachi-Bombay-Jadras dir Vail Service. Ser CCS Passengers Mails l'eriod Aircraft milcayo Freight l'or Scheduled 'Completra centage regularity Yumber Prosenger mules South bound Yorth, boun 1. 1b9 lbs lbs 2932--(lih Treiler) October 31st 23 190 35,720 000 53 1,404 1,510 40 1933 3 100 33,000 1 660 70 1,936 1,082 20 100 34,320 9,035 81 Harel quarter Tune quarter Srpfe milket quarter Thyemler unter 2,056 2,304 27 97 100 33,610 2 390 90 2,021 3,390 26 100 34,320 3 1,940 46 3,433 5,473 Totalf r 1933 101 101 100 137,280 s 3,-85 393 10,316 13,139 ·APPENDIX II. Delhi-Karachi Air Mail Seruice Vail Paneengere Ilemmik Services, Freight Aircraft mileage Number Paspenger mules Weet bound Ixiund Period T'or Com Lentage pleted regulanty Scheduled IL Ihre 730 5 776 Visconnections duo on to tikinn failuro ani! two to wantlır 309 6 101 71,760 104 97 1932 1393 1,105 990 1933 March quarter 26 26 17 940 100 1 000 1240 26° 93 19 020 28 lat April to 5th Juls 1101 2,394 990 وم 36,960 06 2 Tota) for 1933 * 1 x Jucley two flights when seriodI not connect with Imperial AuWA38 westbound ferike The mola witr entrielly Air Orient up in Bayhdot where they connected with Imperial Airways VOTI -11e eerscoterininated on the 5th July, from which date it was replaced by the Trans Indha Srce opralci by Tinggal Airunya limited, ani Indian Irans Continental Airwaya Limted ·APPENDIX III Imltan Yational liruays' Calcutta Mangoon Scruce Series Pagaengers Jarls lircroft milenge Freight ler clar i led Complete! centago regularly \umber 11 Assenger Iniles Fast hound West bound Ibe 1933-Drremier 9 J 100 6 000 12 31,500 1 37 Ibs 34 JUR 49 Scrice commencail 1st December 1933 APPENDIX IV Indian National lirways' Calcutta Dacca Service Peruces Passengers Sails lircraft mileage Ter Schedule : Completed! centago regularity Freight Aumber, Paesenger milna Enst bound Hest bound 1933-Deremter 02 100 9 300 105 15,750 Ihs 662 iba 21 IBM 75 Seruice commenced Ist December 1933.

·APPENDIX V. Trang Indra Source (Karachi Calcutla-Rangoon-game) VIMIT Service fireraſt l'ener milost tn mit Sinol ton ten tuul Period Wrat. Imm Per Scholuiod Completed centage recularity 1933 1.21 1,193 96 16 01 Septemher quarter 25 103 2S 100 i 30 Decomber quarter 11.*** 0 Total 1933 18 90719 ·APPENDIX VI. Scheduled Air Services to and from India Air Mails to Indir r Imperial Airways hL11 Air Onentor Airlrance I rom From From Fu From the Eu the East горе Fast rope Total Orelinary, Transit mails Inails Ibs Ibs Ibg lbs Ibg Ibs Ibs 10.9 (9 months) 21 36" 91 083 1030 39 304 359 96 39,810 1031 43 632 840 1 017 318 47 837 no Tocord 1,306 No recor1 79 1932 43 111 166 3 216 459 51,096 1933 12 140 691 1 110 818 233 41 14 733 12 506 757 1 158 599 180 08 15 327 March quarter June quarter September quarter December quarter 13 091 903 1 160 203 132 150 18 541 289 10 874 lot available 16 503 1,777 1 303 lot available 55 1954 18 4 731 1,319 Total 1033 834 208 66 170 Air Mails from India. Imperial lirway hLY lir Uniont or Air Franco To tho I ast Total Ott naty mails Transit mela lotlo last Ib, Ibs lbs 18 1999 (9 nont) 20 171 4R3 20 030 1930 31 913 • 365 30 576 1031 40 171 . 39 43 060 1: 107 2017 14 10 937 11 310 1396 35 13 101 1: 103 1 103 390 RS 2033- Barch querter June quarter September tatter Dereraber quartet 13 9. 11 300 13 391 133 16 479 15 39 I RIO 109 IR 333 Total 1933 5996 1 169 C: 039 ·APPENDIX VII Scheluled Air Serriccs-Regulmity and lunctuality (Kanchi Air Port ) Il fallou I Departure Lusthound Irrivals Dolny Dolay Sorrices and Period r'an rollar Puns tual I in that Sehe duled flights collo 1 Collo 1 Seir i ule 1 ficits 1 In ? ds. 3 lo nr int 1 dns 3 lng or moro days 13 1931— 3 +3 1 Imperial Airways KTM Alr Orient 62 26 18 3 + 1 ir 13 19 LS 3 2 1032 Imporal Airways KLV Air Orient 53 52 (1) 36 3 33 G 13 7 7 6 3 13 31 62 4 1073- Imporinl Airways KL. ir ) ranca 45 30 0) 17 12 1 19 wts i wis IG 8 "In alltion to the rhoduled flights, K L M ran one extra east an Westbound Christmas mil ·46 APPENDIX VIII. Trafic Telurn of scheduled air services to and from India (Karachi) excluding Air Mails Passengers Freight (inclu fing bullon) Vool fights Το India From In lia То India Trom India 80 103 104 103 Ibs lbs To record o record o rocor Ilo record -8 ho To record No record 80+ 747 5490 313 142 5093 266 150 Imperial AS 1920 (9 months) 1030 1031 1032 1033 March quarter Juno quartor Septomter quarter December quarter Total 1933 18 26 30 27 26 29 46 60 81 41 58 67 45 2003 . 372 2480 2 499 ? 13% 1 297 109 216 211 9 410 6 029 106 190 391 16+ 187 6987 1,231 437 2 080 30t Foreign Sertices 1031 1939 1933 March quarter Juno quarter September quarter Docernbor quarter 52 59 59 53 1 19 20 8 17 21 18 716 1 093 813 1 433 100 FB 73 Total 1033 910 60 06 4015 390 • Figures for tl o financial year 1030 31 1 lofgutes for tho frst quarter fgures relate to last 9 mont! A # \o fgures for the fret half year Traffic relurn of scheduled air seriices to and from India (Nangoon) cxcluding lur Jarls Passengers Freight Tool flights To From To From In lia In la India India, ILX Imperial firm and Iwiwin TrakConti mental firms . 3 100 41 1 331 1933-Derenler quarter For ign Serret 193 1T13 Varth 17ter Jun qitter Se tomber quarter Bromterater Total 1931 3:17 39 32 3 10 21: 103 ICO 30 ·APPENDIX IX Indian Air Ports 1 xp italy vir Im orta by lir Aircraft Vetclar 1sec Ball n an! Terry I tre Bllon an! curren y notes Arrivals from foreign Departures for foreign Merchandise R. 101) Rs I 50 601 8 26 978° Ne 1 00 801 33 (0 12 111 161 174 " $13 Karachi 1931 1932 1933 March qiarter June quarter Septornler quarter Docomter quarter : 1 1 O (MT 51 42 49 42 61 90 917 8). 3 (1) 14 14 11 013 11 8. 843 1' 44 84 12 17 881 1.14 197 55 IN1M) 1 77 33 197 Total 1333 50 56 6147 184 57 36 5 107 I SOS Rangoon 1031 1032 1933 March quarter June quarter Septomi er quarter locoml or quarter Total 1033 25 29 29 36 30 28 28 32 1 416 450 1 77 110 118 3 697 Includes Rs 4.17 729 (mostly diamonds) imported at Karachi but assessed at Bombay Includes Rs 31 48 685 (mostly diamonds) imported at Karachi but assessed at Bombay Includes Ns 11 12 674 imported at Karachi but assessed at Calcutta Includes R. 86 204 merchandise imported at baracht but assessed at Calcutta ·APPLYDIY XII. Flying ICCIDI VTSDIALIRCRAFT. .Inalysit of Canses. 1931 193 1933 1932 1933 1932 Per cent 1 er cent l'or cent per cent per cent I er cent 332 24 5 6° 3 Error of Pilot 85 7 87 5 16 8 firrors of Judgment Poor Techniquo Disobedience of Or lere Carelessness or \cgl gence Engine structure (1) Foreign Mattor (2) light Control System (3) (Handling qualities (4) & 87 2 3 3 Valttal 1A 7 lower Plant I Allure Structural i ailure (Handling qualities (4) 97 10 10 2 2 3. 6 5 Yavrilneous 12 1 99 Hirport or Cerrain Other (5) 57 38 51 3 8 OT in Betermined Dostful 5 5 11) Ime en 15 ot the sailo Bat Iniluns (The was attab into tha prouanon of a nut instlo ono of ths engine cylinders which resulted in misfiring ani, artimtangu nifera (1) This uer mon an tr?itemian i unlicencel aircraft (4) Dun to flying contrns hringn ljustal too tightly (31 Innlu le mallinsons with inle, people in the way on landing etc ·51 IPP. DIT VIII, Vajor Accidents Inlan Aircraf! 1923 1933 15.40 1,200 000 11 330 99.000 ( ) 0 1 0 (1) Aircraft ho ra wn (2) Aircraft m Ingwn (Arrror) (3) Accidents in olsing fatalities (a) Crew (b) l'aspengere (c) Other persons (4) Non fatal accidents involving seriou injuries (a) Crew (b) Passengers (c) Other persons (5) Nirnber of killed 3 2 0 0 0 (n) Crew ( 0 0 0 (6) Passengers (c) Other persons (6) Number of seriouslv injured- (a) Cres (8) Passengers (c) Other persons (7) Miles flown per fatality (9) Miles Down per serious injury or fatality 3 0 0 ei o 0 400 000 948 000 400 000 ·IPPEXDIX XIV. licences and Certificates 1squal and current during 1932 anil 1933 Tural naucu I once ani Certificate INNUR! iluring 1932 Insulod during 1933 Lapued to cnil of 103J Current on Jint Decenter 1932 Current on 31st Decem 1 er 1933 chilor 1933 I. lilote Aliernes 104 08 183 207 106 216 fruites . Mfola Aricence Coininctrial Ihlul). 5 13 18 10 8 3. Total D'Iurence 1: 18 113 70 27 52 13 & Pilot Instructor' Licences 12 6 10 16 6 33 30 10 23 5 Groun Fngineer' Licence 8. Certifirates of Airworthinesa 20 23 108 GO 48 :. (rrtificate of Irintration 19 25 142 60 70 82 * The figures include only new Lettstcates issued Figurer of aircralt re registered have been excluder. QIPD-3187 (A) Dr. of Ciril Aviation-31.8 31-160.

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