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·ORDER OF THE LIEUTENANT
OJOVKM:03 TV9N3S 10 YONY
GENERAL REPORT
8
BY
OY
PUBLIC
INSTRUCTION IN BENGAL
FOIL
1888-89.
Calcutta:
PRINTED AT THE BENGAL SECRETARIAT PRESS.
1889.
Price Rs. 2.

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·CONTENTS. PAGR. 1 5 133 17 19 21 ib. 23 ih. 27 28 29 31 32 38 . . 41 43 45 . I.GENERIL SUMMARY IA.- RECOMMENDATIONS OF TEE EDUCATION COMMI88ION II. CONTROLLING AGENCIES III.--UNIVERSITY EDUCATION UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONAL First Examination in Arts B.A. Examination M.A. Premchand Roychand Studentship IV.-- SECONDARY EDUCATION HIGH ENGLISH SCHOOLS Entrance examination MIDDLE ENGLI8I1 SCHOOLS Middlo English examination MIDDLB VERNACULAR SCHOOLS Middlo Vernacular examination V.-PRIMARY EDUCATION Upper primary schools examination Lower schools examination Classification of lower primary schools VI.-SPECIAL INSTRUCTION A.-TRAINING SCOOLS Goverument trdining schools for masters Aided truining schools for masters for mistresses Unaided Guru-training classes B.-OTAER SCHOOLS OF SPECIAL INSTRUCTION Law Medicine Engineering Art and industry Government School of Art Art Gallery, Calcutta Industrial schools Other technical schools VII.--FEMALE EDUCATION VIII.-EDUCATION OF EUROPEANS TX.-EDUCATION OF MUHAMMADANS X.-EDUCATION OF ABORIGINAL AND BACKWARD RACES XI.-INDIGENOUS EDUCATION XIT.- PREPARATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF TEXT-BOOKS STATISTICAL RETURNS GRNERAL TARLEQ IVII SUBSIDIARY TABLES I & II ib. 46 47 ih. ib. in. 48 ib. 50 ib. 61 53 il. 54 ih. ib. 55 59 71 73 FION 76 i-xi xiv-SY

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·REPORT ON PUBLIC INSTRUCTION IN BENGAL, 1888-89. 1.-GENERAL SUMMARY. The object of an annual report appsars to be twofold-(1) to apprise the Government of the general aspects and rosults of the operations for the year, (2) to serve as a record for future roturonce, For the former purpose the report need not go so fully into details as for the latter; and for the latter purpose it would seem to be sufficient if a full report were prepared every alternate yoar. In accordance with those principles, I havo ventured, at the instanco of Sir Alfrod Croft, and in conformity with what lio understands to be the wishes of Government, to reduce considerably the dimensions of the present report, and it is hoped that the course followed may meet with the approval of Government. 2. The following statement summarises the comparative statistics of educational institutions of all classes submitting roturns to the Department for the last two years :- 1887-88. 1888-89, CLABB OY INSTITUTIONS. Average number of pupils, 1885-89. Schools. l'upils. Schvoly. Pupil ... Public institutions Unversity Colleges High English schools Secondary Middle do. do. Do. Vernacular schools Primary Š Upper primary do. Lower do. do. Special (including Madrassas) Femalo 33 299 763 1,189 3,033 45,596 235 2,286 4,494 68,628 56,470 07.022 112,648 991,110 6,626 49,226 32* 329 795 1,226 3,085 41,854 264 2,336 6,168 74.660 58.9.34 69,777 115.775 982,126 7,393 61,033 226 74 56 37 21 28 21 .. .. Total 53,434 1,366,224 62.919 1,361,866 Private institutions (1) Advanced, teaching- (a) Arabic or Porsian Sanskrit (2) Elementary, teaching a vornacular only or mainly (a) With 10 pupils and upwards sa 1.710 1,300 18,832 12,373 2,208 1,383 24.911 15,097 11 10 .. ... 17 454 3,713 2,635 7.686 22,623 32,773 361 3,680 3,707 6,181 21,977 44,958 ... 12 (3) Elementary, teaching the Koran only (4) Other schools not conforming to de. partmental standards 236 2,434 370 4,170 11 ..C ... Total 10,048 96,721 11,709 117,284 ... GRAND TOTAL 63,482 1,452,946 64,628 1,482,160 • Excluding the Bishop's Colloge and the Roberts Memorial Colloge, wlioh furnished no general returns.

·REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR GENERAL SUMMARY. The net rosult of the educational operations of the year was a gain of 1,146 schools and of 29,205 pupils. Under the head of public institutions there was a decrease of 515 schools, which is accounted for by the loss of 1 college and of 742 lower primary schools, all the other classes of schools showing some accession to their number. As pointed out in the note to the abovo tablo the loss of one college is .merely nominal, there being really a gain of one. The pupils attending public institutions increased by 8,642, and this increase was shared by all classes of schools except lower primaries, in which the pupils fell off by 8,984. The causes of the decline in the number of lower primary schools and their pupils will be discussed under the heading of primary education. Private institutions increased by 1,661, and the pupils attending them by 20,563. All sorts of private institutions show an increase in their number as well as in the number of their pupils with the exception of elementary schools, the number of which decreased by 126, and the pupils attending which diminished by 2,151. 3. The following figures show the comparative increase and decrease in institutions of all classes, and of their pupils, during the last nine years : In 5) 91 1881 there was a gain of 8,131 schools and 1882 10,572 ditto 1883 10,809 ditto 188 1,369 ditto 1885 2.381 ditto But in 1886 a loss of 16,108 ditto ju 1887 191 ditto, but a gain of Again in 1888 a gain of 6,140 ditto and 1889 1,116 ditto 109,459 pupils. 178,156 204,447 81,517 77,571 112,151 4.073 90,843 29,205 99 9 4. It is aatisfactory to notice that the total number of schools and pupils has been steadily advancing from year to year, there having boon somo loss of schools in two years only, viz. 18$6 and 1887. The population of Bengal, excluding Cooch Behar, Hill Tipperal, and the Tributary States of Chota Nagpore, of which the schools are not included in our returns, amounted by the last consus to 68,160,598, of whom 33,917,217 wore males and 34,243,381 were fomales. Reckoned at the usual proportion of 15 per cent., the number of malo children of school-going age would be 5,087,582, and the number of female children 5,136,507. Of the scholars in our returns, 13,91,797 are boys and 90,353 are girls. Hence, of all boys of a school-going age, over ono in four is at school; of all girls of 'u school.going age, one in 57. As the number of towns and villages in Bongal is 260,000, it appears that there is rather over uno school to every five villages, a village being defined as that which has less than 5,000 inhabitants down to the smallest bamlot. 5. In the following table the schools are classified according to their management: close. upon 1888. 1889. Ochools. Pupilo. Schools. Pupils. PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS Under public management- Muintainod by Government Ditto by District and Municipal Boards 329 26,042 330 24,896 209 12,332 217 12,901 Under private management- Ailed by Converdipeat or by District or Municipal Boards Unaided 43,950* 8,963 1,116,693 203,217 42,774 9,698 1.106,651 220,518 Total 53,194 1,356,224 62,919 1,364,866 PRIVATE INSTITUTION or indigenous instruction 10,048 96,721 11.709 117,284 GRAND TOTAL 63,482 1,452,945 64,628 1,482,150 ... • Excludes the Modhuan Sanskrit school milli 39 pupils in Durbbanga and the Rivers Thompson (inutamu puthsala with it propuls og i fuprah trunsferred to indigenous instrucliun, ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 3 GENERAL STIMMARY. The schools maintained by the Dopartmont increased by 7. The Government guru-training classes in connection with middle schools increased by 15, while the number of high English, upper primary, and lower primary schools maintained by the Department decreased by 1, 5, and 2 respectively. The schools maintained by District and Municipal Boards increased by 8. There was an increase of nine middle vernacular schools and a decrease of one upper primary school under this head. There was a loss of 1,176 schools under the heading of aided schools. This loss took place principally in lower primary schools. 6. The following table compares the departmental expenditure for the year with tho budget provision, the figures being supplied by the Accountant-General. They include only those amounts which have been paid from or into Government treasuries on account of “ Education." BUDGET HEAD OF EXPENDITURE. Hanctioned est111111e for 188S NI. Actuals for 1889.8!!. REMIIKS. . Rs. Rs. I. .. ... ... ... . ... 10. .. Direction Inspection Government colleges, gencral Ditto ditto. professional Ditto schools, general Ditto ditto, Xperial Grants-in-aid (including primary schools) Scholarships Miscollaneoug* Refunds 59,000 3,21,701) 4,57.800 1,02,000 6,42, jol 1,311,120; 5,73.3110 1,48,000 29.000 3,000) 61,389 3,39,74% 4,54.177 911,6311 6.57.390 1.3.1,913 5.58.63.3 2,18,57.1 28,106 9,320 ... .. ... ... the Includes grants for the onoragement of literallre. 24,49,587 2-4,55,197 Deduct Civil furlough and absentoc allowance Total Less receipts including interest ... 21,49,587 5.38.000 27,18,197 6,23,671 Net Government expenditure 19,10,927 18,31,523 ... The net Government expenditure fell' short of the sanctioned estimate by Rs, 76,404. The receipts exceeded the estimate by Rs. 85,014. This increase is chiefly due to cash rocoveries of provious years, amounting to Rs. 42,75+, and to increased fcc-receipts under the head of “Government Colleges, General," “ Government Schools, Special," and “Miscellaneous." The increase of Rs. 15,048 under “Inspection” is accounted for by the fact that tho savings to the amount of Rs. 35,25+ anticipated and deducted from the total grant lavo not been fully effected. The saving of Rs. 3,623 in Government colleges, general, is mainly due to the retirement of the Rev. Lall Bihari De and the death of Mr. Tepper. The decrease of Rs. 5,946 in Governinent colleges, professional, is due to the decrease in the boarding chargos of the Civil Engineering College, Seobpore. The docrease of Rs. 24,711 under Government schools, general, arises chiefly from the fact that the amounts sanctionod for expenditure from surplus balances and for petty construction were not wliolly spent. The increase of Rs. 3,814 in Government schools, special, is chiefly due to the increased charges sanctioned for the Calcutta School of Art. The saving of Rs. 14,667 under the head of Grants-in-aid is oving to less expenditure in primary schools. The increase of Rs. 30,574 under tho head of Scholarships may be partly accounted for by the transfer to this hoad of scholarships payablo froin the . primary grant. As the actuals for 1887-88 amounted to Rs. 2,10,193, the real increase is Rs. 8,381, which is probabiy due to tho fact that doductions from scholarship bills for irregularity of attendance are smaller than before. The following table compares the exponditure for the last two years as taken from the departmental returns. The class of instruction, and not the budget head of expenditure, is here made the basis of classification. The statement includes not only public expenditure, but oxpendituro from private sources, such as fees and contributions paid to the University and in all public 7.

·4 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR GEXEILAL schools; it also includes the receipts and charges of medical education, and the charges for school buildings and European schools :- IMMARY. YEAR 1887-88. YEAR 1888-89. 11 KAD OP CEARGE. Expendituro Expondi. from pro ture from vinoin! district rovenues. funds, Expenditure from Total municipal expendituro. funds. Expenditure from provincial revonuog. Expenditure from digtrict funds. Kupendi. ture from Total municipal expenditura. funds. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Bs. Rs. ... ..... .... ...... ..... ...... ...... ...... ::: II. 89,000 2.75,000 6,21,000 3,67,000 2,24,000 56,000 28,91.000 1,30.000 3,86,000 12,000* 24,16,000 1.97,000 24,000 7,000 5,94.000 4,35,000 1,0110 1,000 6,97,000 1,06,000) 3,000 2,20,000 1,19,000 2,000 2,000 1,52,000 4,000 1,000 6,000 University Collegiate Secondary Primary Forgalo Special Scholarships Buildings Furnituro and Apparutus. Miscellancouis Superintendence ... 2,35,000 4,09,000 23,000 2,000 2.66,000 3,72,000 1,36,000 1,46,000 4,77,000 2,06.000 1,76.000 4,000 ... 1.27,000 6,39.000 54,000 30,37,000 19.000 23,95,000 12,000 6,92,000 1,000 6,29,000 1,000 2,31,000 3,000 2,64,000 8,000 ...... ... 2,000 3,000 ...... 46,000 77,000 3,93,000 2,11,000 2,000 1.42.000 6,07,000 42.000 3,96,0010 80,000 2,01,000 2,000 1,46.000 6,00,000 ...... ...... Total 21,02,000 9,29,000 80,000 82,75,000 22,08,000 9,55,000 86,000 86,68,000 dan • Include contributions from the Khond Mehul Cess Fund in the Orissa Tributary Mobals. year before. The total educational oxpenditure increased by Rs. 3,93,000. The expenditure from provincial revenues and district funds increased by Rs. 1,06,000 and Rs. 26,000 respectively. The contributions from municipal funds increased from Rs. 80,000 to Rs. 86,000. Private contributions also increased from Rs. 51,64,000 to Rs. 54,19,000, or by s. 2,55,000. The expendituro from provincial revenues increased under almost all the heads except Colleges, Furniture and Apparatus, and Miscellaneous. The percontage of direct Government expenditure to the total cost of education was 25:4, as in tho The expenditure incurred by the University increased by Rs. 38,000. The total expenditure under the head of collegiate eduration increased by Rs. 18,000, but the expenditure from provincial revenues decreased by Rs. 20,000. Secondary education shows an increase of Rs. 2,06,000, of which Rs. 16,000 only were niet from the provincial revenues and tho district funds taken together. Of this sum, Rs. 9,000 were spent on high English and Rs. 7,000 on niddle English schools. The total expenditure on primary, education decreased by Rs. 21,000, the upper primary schools showing an increase of expenditure amounting to Rs. 15,000; whuo there was a decrease of Rs. 36,000 in the lower primary schools in consequence of the diminution in the number of these schools. The expenditure from provincial revenues and district funds taken together increased by Rs. 20,000, viz. by Rs. 10,000 in upper primary and Rs. 19,000 in lower primary schools. In each of the divisions of Burdwan and Patna there was an increase of expenditure anaounting to Rs. 10,000 on primary education. Femalo education shows a decrease of Rs. 2,000 in the total expenditure, there having been a decrease of Rs. 7,000 under primary education and an increase of Rs. 5,000 under secondary education. The expenditure from provincial revenues increased by Rs. 8,000, principally in European schools. Special instruction shows an increase of Rs. 32,000 in the total expenditure and an increase of Rs. 42,000 in the expenditure from provincial revenues. Of the latter sum, Rs. 18,000 were on account of modical schools and Rs. 17,000 on account of professional colleges. “ Scholarships” show an incroase in the public oxpenditure of Rs. 7,000. There was an increase of Rs. 56,000 in the expenditure from provincial revenues on account of “Buildings and Furniture," of which Rs. 39,000 took place in the expenditure incurred by the Public Works Department. The total cost of superintendence decreased by Rs. 7,000. 8. . 'l'he fee-receipts of institations undor public management (Rs. 5,72,872) show an increaso of Rs. 16,903 over those of the preceding year. Thero was an increase of Rs. 23,694 under general colleges, and some increase under ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 5 PENERAL BUMMARY. engineering and special schools, while other schools show some decrease. The fee-receipts increased slightly in aided colleges. In all other aided schools the foe-receipts decreased by Rs. 13,904. The amount of their local income from endowments and subscriptions decreased by Rs. 73,877. The amount of the Government grant paid from provincial and district funds to all classes of aided schools and colleges increased from Rs. 10,70,786 to Rs. 11,19,401. 9. The following table compares the progress of the pupils in all schools of general instruction for the last two years. The higher stage includes pupils in the first two classes of high schools; the midille stage includes pupils in the lower classes of those schools and in the higher classes of middle schools down to the point which marks the limit of primary instruction; the upper primary stage includes the higher section, and the lower primary the lower section of primary schools or classes; these last again being divided into those who are learning to read and thoge who are not learning to read printed books. NUMBER OF PUPILS. STAGE, Increano. Docrease. 1887-88, 1888-89, ...... ... .. ... High Middle Upper primary Lower primary (higher section) l'itto (lower section) 18,210 4:3,603 78,144 749,340 456,6:33 23,941 47,396 78,481 761,533 440,975 5,731 3,792 317 12,193 ... ...... 14.658 .. ...... Total 1,3-14,930* 1,352,306 22,033 14,658 Net incrcuso 7,376 • Exclusivo uf 174 pupils whose returns were not furnishud. The total number of pupils in secondary schools incrcased by 11,251, or by 5.8 per cent., but the number in the high and middlo stages increased by 9,523. There was an increase of 12,193, or 1.6 per cent., in the higher section of the lower primary stage, but a decrease of 14,658, or 3.2 per cent., in the lower section of the lower primary stage. The number of pupils not reading printed books was 410,975, aguinst 455,633 in the previous year. IA. RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE EDUCATON COMMISSION. 10. The District Boards constituted under Act III of 1885 (B.C.) received fuller dovelopment during the year under report, and some of their educational functions were delegated to Local Buards or to educational sub-committees. Some practical recognition of the value of Drawing as a branch of school instruction has been made by the University, which has proscribed it as an optional subject at the Entrance exanination, and the Department has lately sanctioned proposals for the oponing of Drawing classes in three of the collegiate schools. The importance of hostols in connection with high schools and colleges has been closely kept in view, and tho zemindar of Mahishadal in Midnapur has lately contributed the munificent sum of Rs. 32,000 for tho construction of the first floor of the Eden Ilindu Hostel in Calcutta.Tho Patna District Board provided a sum of Rs. 20,000 for a hostel in connection with the local colleyo, but the legality of the grant bas boen qurstioned. The Berhampore College, which was transferred to local management in 1887, has, during tho year under report, been raised to the status of a first-grade college, and two second-grade colleges have boen opened at Barisal since the close of the year without any aid from Government. Babu Dina Nath Sen has continued to act as Inspector of Schools, Eastern Circle, in which post he has been recommended for confirmation ou the appointment of Mr. Pope, the pormanent incumbent, as Director of Public Instruction, Burinah. Dr. Praphulla Chandra Ray, who graduated in the United Kingdom, bas lately been appointed a lecturer in the Presidency Collego. Special girls' scholarships were awarded for thd first time to girls of Calcutta and its neighbourhood on tho result of an exurination in the books and subjects prescribed by Government in the Resolution dated the 13th September 1887, on the report of the Conference held in Calcutta in that year.

·6 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR GENERAL SUMMARY. CONTROLLING AGENCIES. The special Muhammadan senior scholarships created by Government in 1886 were awarded for the first time on the result of the First Arts examination of 1889. Two Muhammadan Assistant Inspectors of Schools were appointed at the close of the year under report, one of whom was posted to Dacca and the other to Patna. Their chief duties have been defined to be the inspection of Muham. madan schools and the encouragement, generally, of the education of their co-religionists. Revised educational rules under the Bengal Local Self-Government Act have boen submitted to Government, defining more clearly he respective duties of the District Boards and of the inspecting officers of the Department, and bringing into harmony the grant-in-aid rules for schools under the Boards with those for departmental schools. II.-CONTROLLING AGENCIES. LING 11. The following changes took place in the staff of higher inspecting officers during the year. Babu Chandra Mohun Mozumdar was on privilege leave for one month, from the 18th April 1888. It was not thought necessary to appoint any one to officiate for him. Babu Bireswar Chuckerbutty, Assistant Inspector of Schools, Chota Nagpore Division, was absent on privilege leave for three months, from the 16th June 1888, and Babu Mati Lal Maitra, Deputy Inspector of Schools, 24-Pergunnahs, acted for him., Babu Ber: Madhab De, Assistant Inspector of Schools, Burdwan Division, was obliged, owing to prolonged ill-health, to take privilego leave for three months, from the 15th November 1888, and Babu Bhuban Mohan Niyogi, Deputy Inspector of Schools, Hooghly, was appointed to act for him. Mr. John Van Someren Popo, Inspector of Schools, Eastern Circle, was on furlough throughout the year, and Babu Dina Nath Son continued to act for him. Maulavi Ahmed was appointed Assistant Inspector of Schools for Muhammadan Education in tho Dacca and Chittagong Divisions, and joined his appointment on the 11th of March 1889. Mr. G. Bellett, Inspector of Schools, Rajshahye Circlo, took privilege leave for tho month of March 1889, and Mr. W. B. Livingstone, Principal, Rajshuhyo College, was appointed to act. for him in addition to his otlıcr duties. Maulavi Muhammad Ibrahim, Assistant Inspector of Schools for Muhammadan Education in the Patna and Bhagulpore Divisions, joined his appointment on the 10th of March 1889. 12. The following statement shows the amount of inspection work done by the Inspectors of Schools, including the Joint-Lyspector, Orissa, and the Assistant Inspectors :-- Statement of work done by Inspectors of Schools and their Assistants during the year 1888-89. Name of Omeer. Days on tour, Schools vinted. 118* 246 ... ... 123 186 190 171 ... 66 112 72 113 Rai Radhika Prasanna Mookerji Bahadur, Inspector of Schools, Presi. dency Circl Baiju Chandra Mohan Mazumdar, Assistant Inspector of Schools, Prosidency Dirisiont Bahu Birenwar Chuckerbutty, Assistant Inspector of Schools, Chota Nagpore Divisioni, from 1st April to 16th June 1888, and from 16th September to 31st March 18891. Babu Mati Lul Maitra, Otliciuting Asistant Inspector of Schoole, Chota Naypore Division, from 16th Juno to 16th September 1888, inclusivo Babu Bralina Mohan Mallik, Inspector of Schools, Western Circle Babu Beni Madhav De, Assistant Inspector of Schools, Burdwan Dirision, from 1st April to 11th November 1888, and from 15th February to 31st March 18699 Babu Bhuban Mohan Niyogi, Officiating Assistant Inspector of Schools, Burdwan Division, from 15th November to i Ith Feb. ruary 18-9, incluwe Babu Radha Nath Rai, Joint. Inspector of Schools, Oriana Division Mr. John Van Someren Pupe, Inspector of Schools, Eastern Circle, on furlough Babu Diva Nath Sen, Officiating Inspoctor of Schools, Eastern Circle 39 60 ... .. ... 61 175 97 179 ... . 126 177 . ... ... • Exclusive of 20 days on mpircial duty ni Darjeeling. † (a privileko learn for one inonth from Isthipru 1884, and no one was appointed in art. * On privilege Imave for the wvathu from 18th June 1888, anul Babu Mati Lal Maitra, Deputy Inspector of Schools, 4 Perkunnulin, wns appointed to not. On privilego leave for thrue months from 15th November 1888, aud Bubu Bhuban Molan Niyogi, Deputy Inspector of School, Hoogtly, was appoiuted tv act.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 7 Days on tour. chnola visitud. CONTROLLING ANANCIKA. 175 254 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 185 142 184 Name of oncor. Babu Kailas Chandra Sen, Assistant Inspector of Schools, Chittagong Division Maulavi Ahmed, Assistant Inspector of Schools, Muhammadan Education, Dacca and Chittagong Divisions, from 11th, to 31st March 1889* Mr. G. Bellott, Inspector of Schools, Rajshahye Circlet Dr. C. A. Martin, Ingpector of Schools, Behar Circlo Mr. J. Reuther, Assistant Inspector of Schools, Patna Division Babu Mathura Nath Chatterjee, Assistant Inspector of Schools, Bhagulpore Division Maulavi Mahomod Ibrahim, Assistant Inspector of Schools, Muham. madan Education, Patna and Bhagulpore Divisions, from 10th to 31st March 18891 Mr. A. M. Nash, Inspoctor of European Schools Mr. H. A. Bamford, Assistant Inspoclor of Europcan Schools 239 220) 227 ... ... . 160 226 .. ... 98 ... 69 57 138 • Joined his appointment on 11th March 1RHO. + On privilege lon ve for the month of March 1889, and Mr. W. B. Livingstono, Principal, Rajsbabye College, was in charge of the curront duties of the Inspector's office in addition to his own. * Joing his appointment on 10th March 1889. The only case that calls for special remark is that of Babu Beni Madhab DG. It appears that this officer has again been prevented by indifferent health from paying the required number of visits to schools. Tho Circle Inspector, during the year under report, was letained at head-quarters for about two months and a half by special work. Ho had to render holp to Mr. C. J. O'Donnell in the preparation of the educational statistics of the Burdwan Division from 1876 to 1885, and to Mr. H. II. Risley in connection with his report on the caste system of Bengal. Notwithstanding, his inspection tours fell short of thosc of the previous year by only nine days. It has often been remarked that the Presidency Inspector is detained at head-quarters by certain exceptional duties. This year he was absent for 20 days on special duty at Darjeeling. 13. The following table shows the work done by the Deputy Inspectors:- Statement of work done by Deputy Inspectors of Schools during the year 1888-89. DISTRICTS. Days on tour. Nuniber of schools Visited. Visits to Secondary sprundary schols ander schools inspection). RDMAXK8. 306 134 86 Burdwan Division ... Burdwan Bankoorah Beerbhoom Midnapore Hooghly Howruh 212 158 156 170 191 151 338 197 224 265 243 126 89 67 103 129 57 40 89 107 54 There is an additional Deputy luspector for secondary schools in Burdwan whose work is not shown in the statement. ... .. Aprage for the Division 178 202 95 85 ... Calcutta .. 87 108 12 ... Presidcucy Divi. (34-Pergunnahs... Nuddea Jessore Kboolna Moorsbedabad 151 172 180 178° 196 168 294 271 280 358 89 139 121 1:13 102 157 87 83 78 57 101. . Average for the Division 171 274 129 92 ... 30 ... 152 145 0) 213 290 119 29 181) 313 135 70 230 430 134 58 146 226 .82 Wan on special dut throughout the year. 180 79 S100. Dinageport Rajgbulyo Rungporo Rajshahye Divi. Pubna Bogra Darjocling Julpigorco Average for the Division 29 .219 27 . Also in charge of the Terai portion of the Darjecling district. ".. 183 270 104 40 172 180 170 171 323 251 308 383 182 104 1:34 167 165 112 99 99 ... Dacca Furreedpore Dacca Division Mymensingh Backergunge Avorage for the Division Chittagong Chittagong Divi. Nonkbally Tipperah 173 316 142 119 164 184 184 307 835 105 106 129 56 38 86 SION. 307 ... Average for the Division 177 836 111 59 ·8 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR . CONTROLLING AURKCIRS. DIBTRICT8. Days on tour. Number of schools visited. Vixit to Secondary nocondary schools under schools. inspection. BBMARKS. . ... Patna Gya Shahabad .. 50 74 90 65 Patna Division 250 211 318 206 206 222 184 ... Saruu 838 853 5:36 227 314 308 191 ... *22 *21 #23 #10 *17 *17 Chumparan Mozufferpore Durbhunga 41 6 66 Average for the Division 228 324 64 18 * Excluding high English schools, which are not undor the inspcc- | tion of Deputy Inspectors in Behar. ... ... ... Monghyr Bhagulpore Bhagulporo Divi. Purneah sion. Maldah Sonthal Pergun. nals. 213 204 209 174 210 382 226 324 298 157 61 70 46 79 115 *13 *11 *21 *19 . Average for the Division 2012 277 60 16 Cuttack Orissa Division... Pooree Balasore 151 202 107 230 228 87 55 39 20 27 ... 242 61 . Averago for the Division 170) 236 61 29 ... 52 ... 260 138 200 163 Hazaribagh Chota Nagpore Lohardugga Division. Manbhoom Singbhoom Average for the Division 387 234 303 314 20 58 31 14 12 19 9 190 309 40 13 The prescribed minimum of 150 days was attained by all the Deputy Inspectors, except the Deputy Inspector of Bogra in the Rajshahiye, and of Lohardugga in tho Chota Nagpore, Division. It appears that the Deputy Inspector of Bogra suffered a great deal from fover in tho months of November and March. The Assistant Inspector, Chota Nagpore Division, states that for two months together, viz. from the 11th of December to the 11th of February last, there was no Deputy Inspector in Lohardugga. The average length of tour has increɛ sed in all the divisions except the Dacca Division. Babu Sajjivan Lal, of Shahabad, heads the list with 318 days on tour and 536 schools visitod in situ. · No doubt this officer has displayed a very commendable activity, but it is impossible to suppose that all the schools visited by him received a very careful inspoction. The outturn of inspection work done by the Deputy Inspector of Calcutta was below the average, but this has been satisfactorily accounted for. 14. The Inspectors' reports contain the usual complaints on the subject of the clerical work throwd on Deputy Inspectors. Mr. Bellott remarks :- « The report received from tho Deputy Inspector of Rajshahye is written with his own hand, and both he and the Deputy Inspector of Rungporo complaiņ, and with complete justice, that their inspection work is soriously interfered with by the amount of clerical work they have to perform. There can be no doubt that Deputy Inspectors would be better able to carry on their inspecting work ·if a clerk on small pay were attached to each." Other Inspectors write in a similar strain. In Cuttack the District Board have contrived for two successive years to impose on the Deputy Inspector the duty of drawing up the District Board's report. Not only does this interfere with the Deputy Inspector's ordinary duties, but it deprives the Department of the opportunity of loarning the independent views of the District Board on educational matters-a result which equally follows when District Boards, as is sometimes the case, adopt as their own, with the necessary changes, the reports of the Deputy Inspectors.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 9 CONTROLLING AGENCIES. 15. The following table shows the amount of work done by the Sub- Inspectors of each district taken together, and the average for each division :- Statement of work done by Sub-Inspectors of Schools during the year 1888-89. DISTRICTS. Number of Sul- Inspectors. Days on tour. Number of schoolo visited. Schools under inspection. REMARKB. Burdwan Division Burdwan Bankoorah Beerbhoom Midnapore Hooghly | Howrah 6 4 3 10) 4 2 1,176 782 700 2,278 810) 837 1,792 1,993 1238 6,164 1,528 772 1,329 1,339 752 4.607 1,762 716 .. . Average for the division, 29 officers... 209 430 362 ... 24-Pergunnahs... Nuddea Presidency Divi. Jessore sion. Khoolna Moorshedabad... Average for the division, 28 oficers ... 8 6 6 4 1,876 1,326 1,100 920 8:39 2,823 2,689 2,073 1,877 1,753 2,037 818 1,209 1,227 729 216 ... 390 ... 216 Calcutta 1 197 365 .. 6 811 II. Rajshahye Divi- Dinagepore Rajshahye Rungporo Pubna Bogra Darjeeling Julpigorce 1,474 595 968 802 374 log 441 4 2 2,254 882 1,406 1,371 678 225 610 SIOD. 899 621 403 29 249 ... 2 * Exclusive of one Sul. Inspector on special duty. Average for the division, 23 officers ... 209 324 145 6 4 6 6 1,488 861 1,316 1,234 2.270 1,726 2,303 2,934 1.972 1,664 2 197 2,618 . 233 440 Dacca Furrccdpore Dacca Division Mymensingh Buckergunge Average for the division, 21 oficers... Chittagong Noakhally Chittagong Divi. Tipperah Chittagong Hili Tracts 402 4 4 6 28 853 1.263 916 1,174 1,858 1.471 1,956 3,814 Sion. +} 13+ 48 24 + For six months only. .. Average for the division, 143 officers... 212 275 601 .. ... Patna Division Patna Gya Shahabad Sarun Chumparun Mozufferpore Durbhunge 823 1,012 182 1,019 954 924 686 1,492 2,275 1,437 3,437 611 1,311 1,251 1,847 1,187 699 1,415 1,011 786 665 .. ... 2 ... 3 Average for the division, 25 officors ... 229 468 300 ... 8 I. Monghyr Bhagulpore Bhagulpore Divi. Purneah Maldah Sunthal Perguu. pahs 761 869 836 429 1,380 1,311 1,373 730 1,378 1,289 1,032 363 ... 4 2 8101. ... 8 1,388 1,362 676 Averuge for the division, 21 officers... 203 293 225 ... Cuttack Pooree Balasore Orissa Tributary Mehals 5 2 3 1,119 502 665 2,918 1,002 1,227 4,555 1,668 2,106 Orissa Division ... 1 1,270 1,156 1,163 Average for the division, 16 officers ... 237 420 633 !.. 13 Hazaribagh Chota Nagpore Lohardugga Division. Singbhoom Manlihoom ... 623 891 481 742 1,139 1.348 886 1,495 479 638 842 629 Including education lerks. Average for the division, 13 officers... ... 203 374 145 ·10 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR CONTROLLING AQENCIES. In the Burdwan Division there is a slight decrease in the average length of tour. It appears that some of the Board Sub-Inspectors were required to do a great deal of desk.work, and in the district of Hooghly they were required to inspect pounds. The inspection of pounds is, as Mr. Clay remarks," not exactly part of a School Sub-Inspector's duty." Babu Rasik Lal Das, Sub- Inspector of Schools, Rayna, Burdwan, has again displayed remarkable activity, heading the list with a tour of 270 days. In the Presidency Division the number of visits to schools has decline 1 in several instances, but the total number of miles travelled has increased in all the districts excopt the 24-Pergunnahs. This result may perhaps be attri. buted to the 20-mile rule. The Inspector is not satisfied with the amount of visits paid to schools by some of the Sub-Inspectors. In the Rajshahye Division there is a very slight difference between the work of the year under report and that of 1887-88. Babu Dwaraka Nath Ghatak of Nayagaon and Babu Pares Nath De of Kurigram seem to have fallen short of the prescribed minimum without any good reason. The figures for the Dacca Division are satisfactory. In. Chittagong the officers who worked all the year round have one and all attained the prescribed miuimum of 200 days to be spent on tour. Those who have not attained it aro those who have beon either absent on leave, transfor, or deputation, or appointed months after the commencement of the year. In the Patna Division all the Sub-Inspectors have exceeded the prescribed limit except Babu Aurang Behary Sahay of Sasseram. It appears that this officer was put to great inconvenience owing to the detention of his bills. Babu Bhairav Sahay again heads the list with 296 days on tour and 698 visits to schools. He is excelled in mere rapidity of movement by Maulavi Kasimuddin of Chupra. His record shows him to have travelled on an average 21.2 miles every day, and to have daily visited 5.6 schools in situ, not to mention the 116 schools examined by him in central gatherings. "Such," romarks Mr. Reuther, "are the effects of the present 20-mile rule." In the Bhagulpore Division there is a slight falling off in the average number of days of tour, and an increase in the number of schools visited. The outturn of work seems on the whole satisfactory, except in the case of John Chand Rai of the Sonthal Pergunnahs. It is pointed out in the report of the Assistant Inspector that owing to the different conditions of travelling in various parts of the country, and for other reasons, the number of miles travelled and the number of schools visited aro but imperfect tests of the efficiency of inspecting officers. This has boon frequently insisted on in previous departmental reports. But it seems necessary that the prescribed minimum of tour should never be lost sight of. There is, I fear, but too much reason to suppose that inspections are often performed hurriedly in order to swell the inspection return. In Orissa the work of the Board Sub-Inspectors seems to have carned the approbation of the Boards and of the Joint-Inspector. The Joint-Inspector spoaks highly of the activity and efficiency of Babu Raghu Nath Ghose, the departmental Sub- Inspector. The Sub-Inspectors in the Orissa Tributary Mobals have also given satisfaction. The The samo may be said of the Sub-Inspectors in the Chota Nagpore Division, with the exception of Babu Gaya Ram Ghosh, education clerk of Manbhoom, who, in his capacity of ex-officio Sub-Inspector, having only tho primary schools of the sudder thana to inspect, travelled over a distance of 2,243 miles in 85 days, or at the rate of about 2.1 miles per diem. The Assistant Inspector is of opinion that it is not at all necessary to require education clerks to inspect schools. 'At any rate such extravagant and perfunctory inspections sis that referred to above should be persistently discouraged. The temptation to travel more than 20 miles a day has uow been removed. In accordance with a Resolution of the Government of India, which gives the necessary power to the Lieutenant-Governor, all officers of the Education Department drawing salarios not exceeding Rs. 200 a month are permitted to exchange their daily allowance for mileage. In pawgraph 3 of the Resolution on last year's report, it was suggested that the evil of over-travelling might be corrected by calling upon Sub- Inspectors to submit programmes of their tours beforehand. The Circle Jnspectors have been consulted on the feasibility of this measure, and the ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 11 CONTROLLING AOBNCIES, majority report against it. It appears that it has already been tried in the Presidency Division, and in some districts of the Eastern and Western Circle, and abandoned as impracticable. I am myself strongly of opinion that no good could possibly result from introducing it. 18. The work done by the chief gurus and inspecting pundits is shown in the following statement:- DIVIBIOX. Number of mon employed Number of vinits to schools 189 ... ... .... ... ... Presidency Calcutta Burdwan Rajshabye Dacca Chittagong Patna Bhagulpore Chota Nagpore Orissa Orissa Tributary Mchals 25,209 1,103 65,980 20,603 37,692 19,903 46,550 20,585 7,313 48,586 2,353 .. .. 305 56 69 35 92 86 17+ 34 11 ... ... .. .. ... ... ... ... OU Tutal 915) 294.876 ... Including Kyoung examiner who works for six months only. † Including 5 Sonthal Bub-lngpootors--properly speuking, inspecting pundits. 17. The educational functions of District Boards, and their position with regard to departmental officers, as constituted by the Local Self-Government Act and the rules framed under it, wero fully set forth in last ģear's roport. It is only necessary to notice briofly the main features of the educational administration of District Boards during the year, and to givo somo account of the relations that soem to have subsisted between them and departmental officers. It was pointed out last year that the educational work of the Boards is in most districts dealt with in the first instance by educational sub-committees, whose proceedings are afterwards confirmed by the Boards. In other districts educational duties are transferred, together with the necessary funds, to Local Boards. In some districts both systems are now combined. In Jessore, for instance, the operations of the District Board in regard to education, both secondary and primary, were conducted by the Local Boards, subject to the control of a standing educational committee of its own. In the 24-Per. gunnahs and Khulna the administration of education was not dolegated to Local Boards. In Nuddea and Moorshedabad some duties are delegated to Local Boards and others retained in the hands of the District Board. All the districts of the Burdwan Diviston have educational sub-committees, Bankoorah apparontly, a remarkably activo one. These deal in the first instance with educational questions, and the proceedings are confirmed by the Board. But in all the districts except Midnapore and Howrah the Boards have transferred their educational duties, in part or wholly, to the several Local Boards under them. In the district of Burdwan tho District Board has transferred its powers of control and management of both primary and secondary schools to the Local Boards, and tho Education Committee has now very little work to do. Mr. Clay considers this proceeding as at least prematuro." In the district of Pubna there aro two Local Boards entrusted with educational duties--one at Pubna and one at Sorajgunge. In Rajshahye there are three Local Boards-one at the sadar, one at Nayagaon, and one at Nattore, to whom primary education in their respective subdivisions has been made over. It does uot appear that Local Boards have been entrusted with any educational duties in the Dacca Division. There are educational committees in the Dacca and Mymensingh districts. In tuo Patna Division, Chumparun is the only district as yet without a Local Board. In Mozufferpore and Shahabad the whole educational work of the district appears to havo been made over to Local Boards. The other. District Boards have reserved to themselves the entire control of educational affairs. There seem to be oducational sub-committees in all the districts of the Patna Division. In Monghy, in the Bhagulporo Division, the Local Boards have been entrusted with the conduct of primary education. In Cuttack primary schools have with the sanction of Government boen made over during the year to Local Boards in the three subdivisions comprising the district. Though good results may be attained by the transfer of certain educational functions to Local Boards, it seems desirable that every District Board should B 2 ·12 REPORT OF THE DIRECIOR CONTROLLINO ATENCIKS. form a permanent educational committee. It appears that this is the only way of getting educational questions properly attended to. It is the opinion of Mr. Bellett that the Deputy Inspector should in all cases be a member of the District Board. The opinions expressed in other divisional reports seem to tend in the same direction. Much depends evidently upon the Chairman. Mr. Bellett ascribes the success of the Rajshahye and Rungpore District Boards to the interest which Mr. Phillips and Mr. Skrine take in educational matters, 18. It appears that there has been a considerable reduction of expenditure in the district of Bhagulpore. This is ascribed to want of funds. But the Assistant Inspector points out that in 1887-88 more than Rs. 4,000 was left unexpended. In 1888-89 the income from pounds and ferries having fallen, the Board prepared a budget for a sum less by about Rs. 2,000 than the allotment made by Government, and nevertheless more than Rs. 1,000 was loft unexpended. In the current year more than Rs. 1,100 has been taken away from the education fund for dispensaries. In the Burdwan district the total unspont balance of the primary allotment for 1887-88 and 1888-89 amounts to Rs. 2,159. The Assistant Inspector states that there has been short expenditure of primary money not only in tho Burdwan district, but in all other districts of the Burdwan Division. In the Presidency Division the Deputy Inspector of Jessore complains that a part of the primary allotment remains unspent, as no meeting of the District Board was held before the close of the year. Complaints come from certain quarters of delay in the despatch of business on the part of District Boards. " It may be confidontly expected that when the Boards have perfected their system a little more, the grievances alluded to will disappear. I have already mentioned another objectionable feature in the administration of District Boards-the saddling of Sub-Inspectors with the duty of inspecting pounds. This will be rendered impossible by the revised Local Self-Government rules now under the consideration of Government. 19. The position of Deputy Inspectors under the Local Self-Government Act is apt, under certain circumstances, to become anomalous and uncomfortable. There can be no doubt that in somo districts Boards do not pay the attention to their suggestions which they deserve, and they are in consequence not as much respected by the Managers and masters of schools as thoy used to be. This, however, appears to be the axcoption and not the rulo. No friction is reported this year from tho Dacca or Chittagong Divisions. In Shahabad there is the same ill-feeling that prevailed last year. In Balasore there is some disagreement between the Local Board and the Deputy Inspector. In Puri a vexatious attitude appears to have been adopted towards the Deputy Inspector. In the Burdwan Division the recommendations of some Deputy Inspectors have been occasionally treated with injudicious neglect. I gather that in the Presidency Division there is a tendency to ignore the department in approving the appointment of middle school teachers that may be prejudicial to the interests of secondary education. It is evident that some Boards have not as yet realised the exact nature of the duties imposed upon thěm in connexion with cducation by the Local Self-Government Act. For instance, the Chairman of the Pubna District Board, quite misunderstanding the position of the Deputy Inspector as a departmental officer, concludes his report with the following paragraph :-"I think that the present arrangement, by which the Boards are responsible for the officiency of primary education, while the Deputy Inspector, who should be their chief executive officer, is wholly under the Inspector, is not conducive to progress and the highost efficiency." Mr. Bellett justly points out that the Chairman seems to be under the impression that the Board has nothing to do with middle schools. When a 'Board takes this view of the relations between itself and the Deputy Inspoctor, it is scarcely surprising that friction should arise. There can be no doubt, however, that the general aspect of the relations between the District Boards and the department is satisfactory. It soems that friction is mort api to arise when the Deputy Inspector is not a number of the District Board. In such a case it is very difficult for the Deputy Inspector to have the requisite knowledge of the Board's proceedings. The Board also lose the assistance of an experienced adviser. Misunderstandings must of necessity arise. I have already; referred to Mr. Bellétt's opinion that the Deputy Inspector should be an vificial member of the District Board. This is probably the best solution of the ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 13 CONTROLLJNO AGRNCIES. problem, and it is the more necessary as the District Board obviously cannot devote much of its time to educational business. This is naturally disappointing to zealous departmental officers, and accouuts for complaints about the apathy and inactivity of Boards in educational matters requiring immediate attention. On the whole the improssion produced on my mind by an examination of the divisional reports is that it is essential for the successful working of the Local Self-Government Act, in connexion with education, that every Board should appoint a standing educational committee, that the Deputy Inspector should be a member of the District Board, and of course of the educational committee.. It seems also very desirable that District Boards should furnish Circle Inspectors with copies of their own educational proceedings and of those of Local Boards subordinate to them. 20. In the Sonthal Pergunnahs, Darjeeling, and Chota Nagpore, where the Local Self-Government Act has not yet been introduced, the district committees continued to meet as usual. The committee of the Sonthal Pergunnahs held three meetings during the year under report, attended on an average by six members, and considered questions relating to the management of the zillah school, the administration of the primary grant, and the award of lower primary scholarships. In Darjecling the district committee met twice to discuss matters connected with the zillah school. In Chota Nagporc, the Manbhoom, Hazaribagh, and Palamow committees met throe times each during the ycar, and the Lohardugga and Singbhoom committees once only. Each committee, however, disposed of a variety of educational questions. It was pointed out in last year's report that the functions of the district committee are dischargod in the Chittagony Hill Tracts by the Deputy Commissioner, and in the Orissa Tributary Mohals by the Superintendent. III._UNIVERSITY EDUCATION. 21. After the large increase of the provious year, the number of colleges remains practically stationary; the only addition being that of the college department recently oponed in connexion with the Armonian Philanthropic Academy of Calcutta, with four students on its rolls. A grant at the rate of Rs. 20 a month for cach Armenian student in that department, and limitod for the present to a maximum of Rs. 100 a month, has boon sanctioned since the close of the year; but the collego ranks in the present roturns as an unaided institution. Tho number of colleges has thus risen from 33 to 34, of which 11 are Governmont institutions, eight (including one under municipal management) receive grants-ir. -aid, and 15 (if the two branches of the Doveton are separately reckoned) are unaided. 22. There has, however, been a large increase in the number of college students, though the increase has not been maintained quite at the rato of the previous year. The following table supplies the usual statistics of attendanco for five years: Stateinent of Attendanre in Colleges for General Education. UNIVERSITY EDUCATION. NOMBRU ON TUE ROLLS AT TIE END OF TIX TKAR COLLEO ES-GENERAL. Monthly fue, 1895. 1888. 1887. 1888. 1889. Ks. 258 ... 12 6 10-6 833 156 260 . 204 141 149 13 ... ... 180 143 131 65 204 38 70 5 6 ... GOVERNMENT- First-grade Colleges. Presidency College Hooghly Dacca Krishnaghur Patna Kavonshaw Cuttack Rajshahye Bethune Sohool "Collogo classes) ... Second-grade Colleges, Sanskrit College Calcutta Madrassa Chittagong Colloge 399* 167 28) 86 314 71 89 174 193 61 189 52 78 91 ... 270 61) 110 6 29 67 6 8 3 5 .. 6 2 62 15 48 20 26 64 16 60 29 45 897 25 56 23 39 ... Total 892 804 1,037 1,383 1.6713 ... ... • Including y students of the Banskrit College reading in both institutions, but escluding students of the Calcutta Madrugua reading in tho Presidency Collegn. 1 lucluding 60 non-matriculatod students reading for the Sanskrit Title examiuutima.

·14 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR UNIVERBJTY NUMBER ON THE ROLLE AT TIB BND OF TIX YEAR. EDUCATION, COLLEGEK-GENIRAL. Monthly fee. 1888, 1886. 1887. 1888. 1889. Rs. MANICIPAL Midnapore College ... 5 29 21 24 66 ... AIDED ... ... 818 243 220 General Assombly's Institution Free Church St. Xavier's College London Mission Bhowanipore St. Paul's School, Darjeeling (College classes) Narail Victoria College Uttarpara 274 289 198 70 6 6 6 6 10 3 304 273 206 64 3 ... 342 202 1601 61 6 9 415 203 189 83 6 22 29 12 37 57 ... .. . ... Total 831 850 779 946 959 UNAIDED ნი6 185 46 556 174 25 ... . . ... 09 ... 3 3 19 Free 3 3 Freo 3 3 15* ... ... Metropolitan Tnstitution City College Doveton La Martinidro, Calcutta Albert College Ripon Maharajah's Burdwan Jagannath Dacca Berhampore » Bishop's Calcutta Toj Narayan Jubilee College, Bhagulpore Bangabasi College Roberts Memorial Calcutta Doveton Institution for Young Ladios (Collego clashes). Armenian Collogo, Caloutta 090 232 16 6 56 188 136 129 24 94 82 97 48 31 37 149 142 112 34 837 269 16 6 111 274 223 246 54 10 17 53 3 862 290 19: 6 148 430 248 340 113 147 46 66 ... ... ... ... 3 JO 10 5ชิพ ... 20* ... ... ... Total 1,033 1,233 1,375 2,123 2,597 ... GRAND TOTAL 2,779 2,998 3,216 4,494 5,184 ... Inclusive of lourd and lodging. + Tho general roturus of these colleges have not boon furnished ; these students are consequently not shown in General Tuule 111. Tho increase in the number of college students varies with the amount of raw material provided in the shape of candidates passing the Entrance examination, nearly all of whom flock to the colleges at the commencement of the new session in the following June. The exceptionally large increase noticod in 1888 was explained by the high proportion of successful candidates at the Entrance examination of 1887, when 69 per cent. passed against 29 per cent. in 1886. So again, at the Entrance examination of 1888, 46 per cent. of the candidates passed, and thus swelled the number of college students at the close of the session in March 1889, though not so largely as in the previous year, The total number of students advanced from 4,494 to 5,184, an increase of 690, against one of 1,279 the year before. The increase is thus distributod : 190 new students are found in Government colleges, 26 in aided, and 474 in unaided institutions. Classified otherwise, the students in the 19 colleges of Calcutta have increased by 322 (2,896 to 3,218); those in the 15 colleges of the mofussil by 368 (from 1,598 to 1,966). 23. The Metropolitan Institution continues to be by far the largest of all the coMeges in the province (and probably in India), though its increase during the year has been but small. The credit of the largest increase belongs to the Ripon College of Calcutta and the Jagannath College of Dacca, both , upaided, with additions of 156 and 101 respectively. Next comes the Presidency College with an increase of 66, and the (now unaided) Berhampore .

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 15 UNIV MAITY RDUCATION College with an increase of 59. Both the Berhampore and the Midnapore Colleges have taken large strides since their transfer to local management; the strength of the former having increased in two years from 24 to 113, and that of the latter from 24 to 55. The increase of the college newly established under private management at Uttarpara, from 29 in the first year of its existence to 57 in the second, is also worthy of notice. So again is the rapid increase in the numbers of the Patna College, from 189 two years ago to 314. The Tej Narayan unaided college at Bhagulpore is also making good progress. Two colleges only have gone back; the Rajshahye College having lost 21 students and the General Assembly's Institution 67. The loss of 41 students in the London Missionary Society's Institution at Bhowanipore is only nominal, and is due to the exclusion from the returns of those students who at the closo of the year had been sent up for their examinations. Of the other missionary institutions, the Free Church College (honceforth to be known as tho Free Church of Scotland Institution and Duff College') has gained 40 students, and St. Xavior's 31. 24.' It has been pointed out in two or three previous reports that the registers of collogos on the 31st Decembor afford a far better indication of the actual strength of the colleges throughout the session than those of the 31st March. Under the regulations of the University, students who have failed at the First Arts or tho B.A. examination are required to attend an affiliated college for a further course of six months before again appearing at the examination. This requirement is commonly fulfilled between January and March; and thus at the close of the year most of these students havo withdrawn their names in order to escape the further payment of fees. Before going on to mako this comparison, it is necessary to explain that, in conformity with the dates at which the University examinations are now held, tho session for first and third-year students closes on the 1st March, when they are promoted to the socond and fourth-year classes; while for these latter classes (the students in which have meanwhile gone in for their oxaminations) the session is prolonged until June. Consequently on the 31st March there is, strictly speaking, no first-year or third-year class, while the second and fourth-year classes are doubled. Hence, no comparison is possible between the strength, on the 31st December and the 31st March, of the classes taken separately. But we can still.comparo the numbers reading for the First Arts, the B.A., and tho M.A. examinations at the two dates, including in these numbers all students who have gono up for their examinations but whose are still borne on the rolls of their colleges. The comparison is subjoined:- nanics READING FOR F.A. READING VOR B.A. READINO POR M.A. TOTAL. CLABB OP INSTITUTIONS, On 31st December. (n 31st March, (n 31st Documber. On 31st Murch. On 31nt December. On 31st March. On Slat December. On 31st March. Governmont colleges ... 1,191 1,061 605 116* 1,81% 2,678 Aided 748 703 804 292 18 10 1,065 1,014 ... Unaided 2,127 8,00% 678 875 19 13 2,715 :,597 Total 4,066 3,769 1,384 1,290 142 131 0,692 5,184 • Including B0 students reading in the Sanskrit Colloge for the Sanskrit Title exumination. The difference at the two dates is greatest, it will be seen, in the Govorn. ment colleges, owing to their strictness in exacting fees so long as a student's name remains on the books. Altogether it appears that between December and March 303 F.A. and 94 B.A. students withdrew their names from the rolls of the colleges on the grounds above specified.

·16 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR ĽNIVERSITY EDUCATION, 25. The expenditure in Government, aided, and unaided colleges is shown in the following statement. The average yearly cost of each student is calculated on the average monthly roll number :- Statement of expenditure in Colleges for General Education for 1889. EXPANDITURD IN 1888-89. COST PER ANNUM FOR KACH STUDENT. from Publio Fundo. From Private Funds. COLLRABS-RXERAL. Number of pupils on the rolls on the 31st Diarch Average monthly roll 1889. number. Averake daily attend. alice, Total, Provinsial revenuon. Distriot or muni cipal fund. Total. From public funds. From privato funds. Endowmonts and other sourcos, Koos. Rs. Re. Rs. Ks. Bs. A. P. Rs. A. P. Rs. A. P. . . 80,686 12,847 21,672 4,802 25,893 8,735 4,198 1,795 1,82,781 48,874 42,438 21,108 60,867 19,382 28,921 169 212 2 % 73 1 11 161 3 9 79 8 199 3 6 78 50 149 2 3 77 85 76 11 73 46 82 76 62 11 8 190 12 7 0. . 312 6 9 0 7 149 6 10 234 S 161 16 261 16 210 ) 7 903 10,986 100 ... . 4AB 1,009 819 2,818 4,784 23,710 12,079 4,081 8.99 10 0 284 10 0 387 8 27 10 3 68 2 0 19 6 7 25 9 99 4 2 601 12 0 803 18 7 9:13 1 6 66 14 ... ... 80 .. 1,39,191 18,706 8,88.865 140 % 03 0 7 233 3 0 2,823 ... .0.108 17 18 2 85 7 10 ... 103 7 (1) ... 10,841 10,889 11,470 80,000 14,171 17,810 49,347 32,200 89, 480 17 2 8 32 9 3 19 6 8 10R 11 3 118 69 184 14 10 123 13 6 1.15 15 154 4 8,850 9,186 10,976 34 1 8 147 71 1818 6 1,100 ... Government- Rs. Presidency Collego 899 428 278 71,945 Hooghly 167 167 140 85,427 Dharma 280 21 202 20,706 Krishnaxhur 893 NO) 76 14,811 Putna 814 814 819 24,474 Ravenshaw Cuttack 71 74 84 14.7 12 Kujshanya 8v 111 104 8,138 Bethuria School (College Clonnes) 8 8 6 4,269 Sanskrit College 89 78 63 22,201 Calcutta Madrasna 88 20 11,760 Chittagong College 65 61 88 1,080 Total 1,678 1,845 | 1,373 8,30,409 Municipal- Midnapore College 65 50 1,059 Aided Gonoral Agrembly's Institution 818 880 296 6,000 Freo Church Institution 2.13 221 182 7,200 At, Xavier's College 220 217 187 4,200 j.ondon Minnion Oollege, Khowanipore 48 88 38 8,000 Bt. Paul's Behrol, Dar. jusling (College Classes) 12 11 9 1,800 Narnil Victoria College 87 855 21 Uttarpara College 87 48 805* Total 959 885 803 YS, 465 Unaided- Metropolitan Institution 8A2 878 527 Cury College 290 281 222 Duveton College 19 17 15 2801 Lu Märtinioro 0 Albert College 148 130 72 Bipon 490 997 805 Maharaja * College, Burdwan 248 248 18 Jagrunnth Collogo, Dacca 9-63 297 270 Burhnmpore College ... 113 95 Bishop'n 14 Tej Naryan "Jubilee Collant, Bungulpore 48 SO Bungmbusi (College 65 07 48 Robarts Muinorial Collego 2 Dovalon Institution for Young Ladies (College Cluanes) Armuniuu College s% Total 8,081 2,447 1,816 280 9.30 ... 2,100 2,708 6,791 792 3,610+ 103 10 2 27 2 S 4 18 58 100 0 () 60 102 15 25 203 10 2 77 5 7 107 128 2, 78 II. 47,002 10.014 1,87,461 29 130 116 11 10 139 8 10 .. 83,077 18,123 9,000 87 12 1 40 il 1 514 1 3 ... 14 11 8 97 12 4 11 ab. .. 2 83,077 10,106 3,018 1,881 7,066 Returns not furnished. 8,884 16,86% . 20 081 26 0 3 I. .. ... 3,384 18,856 80 10 90 9 10 7,500 7,500 10,674 10,374 2,104 9,695 11,794 Returns not furnished. 86 85 9 7 124 8 9' 7 3 2 .00 100 1,951 2,839 | 4,590 109 96 1,9411 1,841 20 on! 109 4 20 0 11 Returns not furnished. .00 ... ... 181 1,100 181 1,100 ... 306 10 8 906; 10 % 81,859 29,916 1,12,026 01 8 15 10 W 45 12 8 ... GBAND TOTAL 3,184 5,135 4,040 2,56,178 2,71,263 1,12,618 6,98,064 49 11 71 119 124 6 10 ... • Gurvornment contribution to the cost of Nchool staff omployed ir the college. + Cost of school stalf omployed in the collage Cunt of apparatus and books Rs. 2,904 706 ... .. ... .. ... ... .. .. ... ... .. Total 8.610 * Government grant for Maroh 1888 drawn in April 1888. While the total expenditure un collogiate education has increased during the year from Rs 6,21,195 to Rs. 6,38,954, the cxpenditure from provincial revenues has decreased from Rs. 2,74,874 to Rs. 2,55,173. In 1887-88 the share borne by provincial revenues was 44.3. per cent., against 55-7 per cent. from private sources. In 1888-89 the Government contribution has fallen to a frection under 40 per cent. of the total cost. Fee-roceipts in colleges of all classes have increased from Rs. 2,35,170 to Rs. 2,71,263, in conformity with the increase in the number of students In Governinent colleges the total cost has increased from Rs. 3,74,275 to Rs. 3,83,365, but the cost to provincial revenues has fullen from Rs. 2,44,293 to Rs. 2,30,409. The yearly cost of each student in a Government college has fallen froin Rs. 258 to Rs. 233, and the cost of his education to Guvern. Inent from Rs. 168 to Rs. 140. Taking collegiate education, from whatever sources supported, as a whole, the cost of the education of each student in the colleges of Bengal has fallun ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 17 UNIVERSITY EDUCATION. from Rs. 143 to Rs. 124, and the Government share of that cost from Rs. 63 to Rs. 50. The figures showing the cost of each student in the different colleges and classes of colleges are worth examination. Other similar deductions can be derived from a comparison of the preceding table with the corresponding table in paragraph 51 of the report for 1887-88. 26. FIRST EXAMINATION IN ARTS.-The following statement gives the results of the First Examination in Arts held in February 1889 :- First Arts Examination, February 1889. PASBRD IN TIR Candidatos examined. First division, Second division. Third division. Total pussed. C 7 3 1 ... ... ... .. 129 82 78 40 166 33 45 ... COLLBORS. Government Presidency College Hooghly Daoca Krishnaghur , Patna Ravenshaw Cuttack Rajshahye Bethune School Sanskrit Colloge Calcutta Madrassa Chittagong College ... 1 ... 13 7 7 5 9 1 4 1 1 1 38 25 17 11 33 6 8 1 9 6 8 68 35 26 16 43 7 13 2 10 6 8 ... ... 1 99 VOO ... ... ... 19 20 36 .. ... ... Total 640 13 49 161 22 UUD 111111 Municipal- Midnapore Colloge 1911 28 ... 1 6 HO 7 _ 1 Aided General Assombly's College Free Church St. Xavier's London Mission College, Bhowanipur Narail Victoria At. Paul's School, Darjeeling Uttarpara College 157 60 89 34 16 4 28 62 16 14 12 8 52 12 10 10 8 8 8 ܚܙ 1 . . ... ... ... ... 1 3 . 11 ... .ua :-1| Total ... 388 2 22 103 127 191 ... 13 5 3 78 27 . 320 87 8 161 94 .. 65 22 1 35 22 ... ... ... 39 22 ... 2 Unaided - Motropolitan College City Loveton Ripon Albert Bishop's Berhampur Mal grujah's Burdwan Jugannath Ducca Toj Narain Jubilee College, Bhagalpur Bapgabasi Collego Roberts Memorial ... ... ... 3 49 161 192 20 45 2 Els : ni awwi is worth 8 21 35 2 10 24 42 2 12 1 ... ... Total 1,133 1 38 209 Teachers 1319 | 101 10 ... ... 11:11 GRAND TOTAL 2,290 ... 16 110 503 629 The candidates who appeared at this examination were those who had matriculated in the Jubilee' year, when 69 per cent. passed the Entrance examination. It is therefore not very surprising that the proportion of successful candidates fell from 39 per cent. in 1888 i 27.5 per cont. in 1889. In Government colleges the percentage was 35, in aided collegos 32, and in unaided 23. Some of the smallor colleges did very well. Thus St. Paul's School, Darjeeling, and Bishop's College passed all their candidates, four in each case. From the college classes of the Bethune School two young ladies passed out of three. From the Dovoton four passed out of eight, from the Sanskrit College 10 oat of 19, and from the Narail Victoria College oight out of 16. Among tho larger colleges the most successful were the Presidency with 45 per cent., the Dacca College with 41, Krishnagar with 40, and the General Assembly's Institution and Uttarpara College with just under 40. Of all the candidates 28 per cent. wero trained in Government colleges, per cent. in aided colleges, and 54 per conto in unaided. The Mctropolitan Institution sent the large number of 320 candidates, but pussed only 78, 18 C ·18 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR UNIVERSITY EDUCATION. or 24 per cent. cent. The next highest numbers were 62 passing from the General Assembly's Institution, and 58 from the Presidency College. 27. The following table shows the religion of the candidates :- Firat Arts Examination, February 1889. NUXBRR TAABED IN TNI- First division. 16 Recond division, 96 .. I. Hindns Muhammadans Christians Others Number of candidatos 2,060 116 35 73 Third division. 457 16 14 16 Total pmssod. 569 21 18 ... 5 • 21 II. ... Total 2,290 16 110 503 629 ... 6 In tho previous year the numbers woro Hindus 435, Muhammadans 19, Christians 19, and others' 18. 28. Fifty-two senior scholarships wore awarded on the results of the examination, including two special scholarships for girls, awarded to candidates from the Bethune School. The following is the list : Senior Scholarships, 1889. First grado, Second grade, COLLEON. ky. 25 Rx. 20 & Minth. Total. & wonth, 6 ... 3 ... 10 7 6 .. Gorernment- Presidency College Ilooghly Dacca Krislinaghur , Patna Ravenshaw Cuttack Rajshalye Bethune School .. .. .. --:111WA 2 6 2 B .. ... ... 3038121 3 2 ... .. ... Total 38 Municipal- Midnapore College ... ... 1 *** 1 I. ... Ailed.. General Assembly's College London Mission College, Bhowupipore St. Paul's School, Darjeeling Uttarpara Collego ... 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 .. .. .. Total 1 6 1 Unaided Metropolitan College Doveton Bangabasi Burdwan Raj Berhampur Jagannath 1 ... 1 1. 1 1 1 1 ... 1 1 1 ... . .. Ducca Total GRAND TOTAL 11 41 . 62 Of ten scholarships of the first grade awarded by open competition to male students, eight wero won by students of Governmont colleges. Aided and anaided colleges did not succeed so well as in the previous year; the former winning 8 scholarships against 11 in 1888, and tho latter 6 scholarships against 12. Out of 50 winners of scholarships for male students, as many as 40 have eloctod to hold them in Government colleges, six in aided, and four in unaided. Last year 19 students elected aidod or unaided colleges for the further prosecution of their studies. No less than 21 have chosen the Presidency College to read in for their degree. It was pointed out in the last report that the Science course was losing popularity with students, as it was thought to be harder. It was also shown that the results of the B.A. examination of 1888 had roversed the experience of former years as to the relative difficulty of the two examinations. Consequently the number of scholars choosing the Science course has this year increased • Special scholarships for girls, ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 19 I'NIVERSITY EDUCATION. from 21 to 27; 24 have chosen the course in literature, and one has joined the Civil Engineering Collego at Seebpore. 29. B.A. EXAMINATION.-The following table shows the results of the B.A. examination of 1889:- B.A. Examination, February 1889. ATA A. Cookek. B. COURSE. TOTAL. COLLEGES, Candidates. Honours, 1st division, Honours, 2nd division. Total passed. Candidates. Honour, lat division. Honours, 2nd division, Total passed. Candidates. Honours, 1st division. Honoarx, 2nd division. Total passed. Pass. Pass. Pass. 100 24 8 34 I. 5 13. 30 67 20 3 ... . ... ... .. 6 65 64 10 Government Presidency College Nonghly Krishnaghur - Daria Patna Ravenshaw Cut tack. Rujulahyo Total ... Kuni 1 23 21 to azie 23 18 22 : ; - 33 8 6 4 02 25 21 2 II. 17 5 .. 3 S 0 0 SI: ... 71 9 27 77 113 09 6 13 17 915 341) 155 149 82 1 6 18 25 7 1 1 89 6 19 26 Aided General Assembly's College. Free Church Colloge... St. Xavier Lonion Mission, Bhowanipore. Total 79 24 ... 2 3 1 22 7 24 10 1 9 10 1 3 23 10 15 4 NA 3+ 11 I. 116 ... ... 1 190 1 47 20 ... 6 2006 1 13 60 3 170 40 2 1 173 00 67 60 11 30 57 16 31 11 180 4 1 197 Tinaided- Metropolitan Collego.. (ity Kipon • Bishop's Keul druh. Beruninporn College Totul 31 3 32 3 1.0 ... 8 1 S 8 ... . ... 1 3 . 352 3 11 90 110 ... 12 12 387 3 11 105 122 107 2 21 23 5 128 . Tenchers Bachelor's of Medicino Sub-Inspector 28 1 I. II. ... .. ... 1 GRAND TOTAL 930 13 2+1 306 152 6 1.5 ... 60 1,082 19 60 281 3t16 The proportion of successful candidatos fell from 40 per cent. in 1888 to 34 per cent. in 1889. The Government colleges maintain their superiority with 44 per cent. of successful candidates, followed by unaided colleges with 32 per cent., and aided colleges with 29 per cent. The Presidency College passed half ius candidates, and Bisliop's College passed 3 out of 4. The ncarest to these were tho Dacca College with 45 per cent., and the City, Rajshahyo, St. Xavier's, Patna, and Ravenshaw Colleges, with from 40 to 42 per cent. Of all the candidates, 930 took the Arts course and only 152 the Science course. Of the former, 33 per cont. were successful, and of the latter 39 per cent., thus again showing that the Science course is chosen by the best candidates. The number of candidates taking up Science has fallen from 171 to 152; and with regard to that decline the remark of last ycar may be repeated, that " tho smaller the number of Science candidates the better the quality, and therefore the highor the percentago of those likely to pass," It may, however, bo hoped that the results of the last two examinations will attract a larger number of students to tho course in Science. Though the number of candidates from Government colleges was less than one-third of the total, or 340 out of 1,082, yot the number of those who took honours at this examination was 55 out of 85, or nearly two-thirds. Out of 19 passing in honours in the first division from all colleges in Bengal, 14 were students of the Presidency College. Then again, out of 130 candidates from all colleges wbo took up the Science course, 69, or more than one-half, wero taught in Government colleges. As was remarked last year, the special usefulness of Goveromont colleges, and chiefly of the Presidency Collogo, lies in the attention that they devote to the Science course, and also to the honour standard in both courses. Tho only two colleges under private management that pay considerable attention to Science are St. Xavier's and the City College; and out of 15 candidates that passed in Science from these two institutione, only one took honours. C 2 ·20 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR + UNIVURANTY EDOOATION. 30. The religion of the B.A. candidates is shown in the following statement: B.A. Examination, February 1889. PASSED IN BONOURS IN- Number of . candidates. 986 67 19 40 Hindus Muhammadans Christians Others First division, 16 1 0 2 Sooond division. 51 4. 6 Without Llonours. 26) 13 6 11 Total passed. 818 18 11 19 Total 1,082 19 66 281 366 .. 31. ... .. .00 . ... .. ... .. ... .. ... In 1888 the number of Hindus was 287, of Muhammadans 12, of Christians 1, and of others” 23. The last class practically consists of Brahmos. On the results of the B.A. examination the following endowed •scholarships on the foundation of the old Hindu College were awarded to the undermentioned students : Monthly NAMB OF SCHOLAR. Name of soholarship. value of scholarship. Rs. Mohini Kanta Ghattak Burdwan scholarship 60 Satis Chandra De Dwarka Nath Tagore scholarship 50 Bisosvar Bhuttacharji Bird scholarship 40 Himansu Nath Chakravarti Ryan ditto Hem Nath De Hindu College Foundation scholarship 40 Sasi Bhuban Mookorji Ditto ditto 40 darat Chandra Banurji Gopi Mohan Tagoro scholarship 30 Braja Durlabh Hazra . Ilindu College Foundation scholarship 30 Gopal Chandra Banurji Ditto ditto 30 Devendra Nath Bose Ditto ditto 30 Sarat Chandra Mookerji Ditto ditto 30 The Laha Graduate scholarship of Rs. 40 a month was awarded to Jyotis Chandra Mitra, of the Presidency College. Graduate scholarships of Rs. 25 a month, payable from the Mohsin Endowment Fund, were awarded to Ashfaq Husain and Muhamad Azizul Hug, of the Presidency College, to enable them to read for the degree of M.A. 32. The following table shows the results of the M.A. examination held in November 1888:- M.A. Examination, November 1888. Candidates Candidates COLLEGEB. examined, panuod. Government- Presidency College 39 23 Hooghly 1 1 Dacoa 2 Sanskrit 5 Krishnagi'ur 1 . .. ... vra ... ... . ... Total 48 O. 29 .. dided General Assembly's College Free Church College St. Xavier's 12 16 2 7 8 1 ... Total 29 16 ... Unaided. Doveton College Metropolitan College City College 1 16 3 ... .. Total lalolovi 19 Teachers 14 ... .. ... GBAND TOTAL 110 58 In the previous year 82 candidates appeared and 43 passed; namely, 27 from Government colleges out of 46, 10 from aided colleges out of 18, and 3 from unaided colleges out of 10, besides 3 teachers. The proportion of success is much the same as in the previous year, the chief point of difference being the greater number of candidates appearing and passing from colleges under private management. In some cases the connexion of the candidates with these colleges is believed to be merely uominal; and the Senate bas recently ruled that "no candidate for the M.A. degree shall be regarded as a student of

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·W PROWINCES : PRESIDZNI'Y 82 816 90 SIKH No. I. L Darjeeling BH VT billo Gorakhpur TITIN Punkaboor Sul parte "C90 ebar Mangasth Dharbhang Map of the LOWER PROVINCES BEYA I Trenuri on THE EXTENT OF COLLEGIATE AND SECONDARY EDUCATION in 1888-89. SHOWING NH .Touar Ballia Sur dupan 41. Ghanpur Cams U20 Dima olinra ALLAHABAD benare Daks: S Wirza B Bermuda utf Sorin Raphael nscat oGandan menimga Slurginti PO" REFERENCES Thelmagan 124 Husabag odamo SO 4 gant Class I. 10 per cent and upwards. B Praiahpur HVàddelland, Time 5 10 9 per cent Luñaeda za 1 T 0 1 2 ź to 5 Ho vivimu? R EiBan IV below 2 1 Hollo Rutiner.www Hanyurmunten 1 gong DE CENTRAL Sandlap Zwart) isque agarbe Memo 3 The maine Fomhulpur Wataa the nal.de + h ot dbal Angul ahanadi PROVINCES UTTACK Talse pt BAY OF B E X 1. 20 Akun 20 + -MADRA'S Chithet Larlar Scale 1 Inch = 80 Miles 5,000,oo Jagannath 100 bo 100 tinjam 82 8.6 3:0 Be Ne 2050, last--11-99.135.. Litho, S.I.O, Caloutta ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 21 UNIVERSITY EDUCATION. i an affiliated institution unless he has been a student of such institution for a period of six months, and has attended a course of at least 50 lectures in the subject in which he desires to be examined." On the literary side of the examination, 20 candidates (exclusive of teachers) passed in English, 16 in philosophy, and 5 in Sanskrit, or 41 in all. The number that passed in the scientific branches was much smaller, namely 2 in chemistry, 4 in physics, and 1 in plıysiology and botany; while 6 obtained the degree in mathematics. Altogether 23 candidates passed from the Presidency College (10 in English, 4 in philosophy, 3 in matheinatics, and 6 in chemistry or physics); and 7, 8, and 7 from the General Assembly's Institution, the Duff College, and the Metropolitan Institution respectively. Of these last, 7 obtained the degree in English, 11 in philosophy, 3 in mathematics, and 1 (from the Metropolitan Institution) in physiology. The Sanskrit College passed 5 candidatos, and the other colleges one or two each. Of the 11 candidates who passed in the first division in various branches, 6 came from the Presidency and 3 from the Sanskrit College, while the General Assembly's Institution and the Duff College furnished one each. Only one of the successful candidates was a Muhammadan. 33. PREMCHAND ROYCHAND STUDENTSHIP.-The examiners reported that two candidates were of such nearly equal merit that they could not docido between them. Two studentships were therefore awarded—one to Abinash Chandra Basu for proficiency in pure and mixed mathematics, and one to Ramendra Sundar Trivedi for choinistry and physics. Both candidates had taken their M.A. degree from the Presidency College. No studentship had been awarded in the previous year, as no candidate came up to the required standard. 34. For the sake of brevity, the usual summarios of the reports of the different colleges are omitted from the present report. IV.-SECONDARY EDUCATION. 35. The following statement gives the comparative statistics of secondary schools for pative boys for the last two years :- SECONDARY KDUCATION 1887-88. 1888-89. Scboola. Pupilo. Schoola. Pupils. ... 50 6 High English- Maintained by the Department Ditto by Municipal Boards Aided by the Department or by Municipal Boards Unaided 14,376 1,443 13,882 1,402 6 ... ... 147 89 24,562 27,019 162 112 26,891 31,917 ... 292 67,430 319 73,122 ... 8 1,277 8 1,258 Total Middle English Maintained by the Department Ditto by Municipal District Boards Aided by the Department or by Municipal or District Boards Unaided ог 12 999 12 957 633 192 38,869 13,512 565 190 42,291 12,729 Total ... 745 54,651 776 57,225 .36 9,114 36 3,069 Or Middle Vernacular Maintained by the Department Ditto by Municipal District Boards Aided by tho Department or by Municipal or District Boards Unaided 164 8,764 163 9,494 ... 892 108 48,681 6,583 916 111 49,998 7,216 1 . Total 1,189 67,022 - 1,225 69,777 II. GRAND TOTAL 2,226 189,108 2,319 200,124 II. Secondary schools of all classes taken together have advanced from 2,226 to 2,319, or by 4:1 per cent., and their pupils from 189,103 to 200,124, or by 5.8 per cent. The increase in the number of schools has thus been attended by increased average numerical strength. High English schools show a gain of 27 schools and 5,692 pupils. Middle English schools have increased by 30 and their pupils by 2,574, while middle vernacular schools have increased by 36 and their pupils by 2,755.

·22 REPORT OF THB DIRECTOR BECONDARY EDUOATION. The number of departmental high English schools declined from 50 to 49, owing to the transfer of the Uttorpara School to the control of a private, Board of Management. All middle schools in extra-urban tracts, whether maintäined or aided by the Department, have been transferred to the control of the District and Local Boards under the rules framed by Government in accordance with the Bengal Local Self-Government Act. As, however, aided schools were already under the management of Local Committees of their own, care has been taken to provide that no undue interference with their internal management is made by the Boards. 36. The following table shows in fuller detail the attendance and expenditure in schools of secondary instruction : BXPENDITURE. FROM Puric Fundy. From Pluvate Fonds. CLABS OP BOTOOLS. Number of schools. Number of pupils on the rolls on the 31st March 1889. Average Damher on the rolls, monthly, during the year, Arerage daily attend ance. Total. Provin. ciul rovenue. District funds. Münici. paul Feos, &o. Othor Hotros. funds. Ra. Rs. Ra. Rs. Rs. Rs. 49 ... High English. Maintained by the Department Ditto loy Munnipal Boards Aided by the Department or by Municipal Boards Unaided 13,892 1,402 13,351 1,387 11,116 1,070) 1,32,705 2,209 8,315 5,370 2,08.432 20,210 24,785 910 4,611,267 28,824 ... 310 162 112 85,378 .. 19,737 24, 478 19,571 25,891 24,80,3 31,017 30,792 73,12% 70,033 2,51,810 3,80,332 33,518 1,465,343 4,53,0AR 0,26,077 .. Total 310 66,401 2,20,347 316 28,261 9,53,43-4 9,66,588 14,68,366 8 1,208 1,033 10,996 616 9,438 43 21,091 Middle English. Maintained hy the Department Ditto boy. Munnipal or Dis. trict Boards Aided by the Department or by Municipal or District Boards Unuidod 1,280 870 12 007 690 240 2,587 1,720 3,205 1,820 0.668 500 42,281 12,720 39,136 11,770 30,754 0,122 25,876 1,17,961 10,313 1,88,315 80,003 1,6:3,0359 68,369 4,775, 125 80,274 ... . ... Totul 776 67,223 63,337 41,5999 87,105 1,19,831 12,648 2,01,053 2,283,8997 5,813,458 Middle Tornacular. . 85 3,009 2,003 10,604 4,319 10,896 .. 9:20 20,207 2,873 8,438 103 0,1994 6,072 6 40,516 Maintained hy the Department Ditto by Municipal or District Bourda Aided by the Department or by Minipul or District Boards Unaided 1,219 20,222 6,284 68,276 9103 49,908 7,210 .. 46,468 (1,678 30,227 5,211 44,757 74,200 7,397 1,29,9665 13,569 85,733 22.01 111 3,42,175 36,593 ... ... ... Total 1,226 69,777 61,157 60,203 55,2015 1,14,806 12,033 GRAND TOTAL 2,919 200),124 188,327 148,203 3,12,722 2,34,973 53,944 1,74,150 1,15,081 4.72,241 13,29,937 6,01,609 25,903,045 10,34,516 In the preceding year the expenditure op 2,226 secondary schools was Rs. 23,70,734, of which Rs. 5,88,995 were contributed 'from public funds, including provincial revenues, district funds, and municipal funds, and Rs. 17,81,739 from private funds. During the year under report the contributions from publi sources amounted to Rs. 6,01,539, and from privato sources to Rs. 19,34,506. 37: The great bulk of the secondary schools are in receipt of grants of public money, but an analysis of the foregoing table shows that in aided high schools the proportion of contribution from public sources to the total expondituro is only 23.2 per cent., in middle English schools 32-2 per cent., and in middle vernacular schools 37 per cent. When, however, it is borne in mind that to high schools the grant-in-aid rules allow a maximum grant up to 33 por cent. of the total expenditure (which in backward localities may riso to 40 per cent.), and to middle scbools 40 to 50 per cent., it is clear that the several classes of secondary schools are aided on, by no means, a liberal scale. Again, there is à large body of schools—112 high English, 190 middle English, and 111 middlo vernacular--which, for want of nocessary funds, cannot for the present be placed on the aided list at all. The consequence is that these schools have to struggle on in the face of pecuniary difficulties, and to maintain a staff of teachers on low salarios, who cannot be expected to keep up a proper standard of efficiency or discipline. The Education Commission rocommended (VIII, 21) “that a periodically increasing provision be made in the Educational budget of each province for the expansion of aided institutions." The Government of Bengal, while considering this recommendation, expressed the hope of being able to increase its grant-in-aid allotment for secondary schools by a sum of Rs. 20,000 or Rs. 25,000 every year, independ- ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 23 SECONDARY the finances, EDUCATION. ently of the far larger increase that it proposed to make for primary education. Owing, however, to the pressure of other domanda upon the Government has found itself unable to increase the grant-in-aid allotment to anything like the extent contemplated. In 1883-84 the Governmont expenditure on aided secondary schools for native boys was Rs. 3,12,314; in 1888 89, including the expenditure by District Boards, it was Rs. 3,47,844 - showing an incrcase of Rs. 35,530 only in six years. In the same six years the expendituro on these schools from local sources, including municipal contributions, increased from Rs. 7,32,044 to Rs. 9,23,344. Again, while in 1883-84 the amount available for grants to schools for native boys and girls was Rs. 3,52,800, it roso in 1888.89 to Rs. 4,02,000, including Rs. 1,97,000ʻ allotted to District Boards for grants-in-aid. That this increase of Rs. 50,000 in six years has not satisfied the increasing demand for grants-in-aid is no longer open to doubt, and the improvement of many secondary schools has in coriscquence received a check. 38. High English schools. The figures for this class of schools are repeated bolow:- 1887-88. 1889-80. Schools. 50 6 Pupils. 14,376 1,443 Sonools, 49 6 Pupils. 13,882 1,402 ... ... Maintained by the Department Ditto) hy Municipal Boards Aided by tho Dupartment or by Municipal Boards Unaided .00 ... 000 147 89 24,562 27,049 362 112 25,891 31,947 . 00 Total 292 67,430 319 73,122 The number of departmental schools declined from 50 to 49, owing, as before stated, to the transfer of the Utterpara Collegiato School to local manageinant. The schools maintained by Municipal Boards are those at Santiporo, Burdwan, Bali, Nattorc, Ghatal, and Midnapore Schools aided by the Department or municipalitios, or both, liavo advanced from 147 to 152. This increase of five schools was the result of the following operations :- In the Presidency Division the Joynagore School ceased to be aided by the local municipality, and the old Tallygungo School was reduced to the middle class, while the middlo English schools at Borul, Bishunpore, and Diamond Ilarbour were raised to tho status of high English schools. There was thus a gain of one school. The increase of three aided schools in the Burdwan Division was due to the transfer of the Uttarpara Government School to the aided list and the conversion of the Bhoita and Raniganj Middle English into high schools. The gain of one school in the Chittagong Division is due to a grant being given to the Muradnagar High school in the Tipperah district. ., The 152 aided high schools are thus distributed :-F residency Division 46, Burdwan 52, Rajshahye 9, Dacca 18, Chittagong 6, Patna 9, Blagulpore 4, Orissa 6, and Chota Nagpore 2. Unaided high schools advanced from 89 to 112; many of them have submitted applications for grants. There is an increase of three schools in the Presidency Division, of three in the town of Calcutta, of five in the Burdwan Division, of seven in the Dacca Division, of two in the Patna Division, and of ouo in each of the divisions of Chittagong, Bhagulporc, and Orissu. Thoso schools were thus distributed:- Calcutta 30, l’residency Division 20, Burdwan 16, Rajshahye 2, Dacca 20, Chittagong 4, Patna 14, Bhagulpore 4, and Orissa 2. 39. The following table compares tho results of the Entrance examination for nativo boys for 1888 and 1889:- Entrance Examination for Natire Boys. 1888. 1880. NUMBER PASSED IN TIK- NUMBER PASSEN IN TILE- CLASS OP SCIOOLO. Yamber of competing Namber of candidates. grade. First grade. Percentage. Number of competing schools. Number of candidates. Second grade. Third grade. Say First grade. *s[ooqəsi Total. "ƏBejaadad 191 4.11 98'R ... ... 68 194 87 Government schools Privato schools (aided) Ditto (unaided) Private students and touchers 1,219 907 1,958 126 SOL 145 33:3 262 165 335 4784019 120 986 789 38 1,185 1.117 67+ .149 98 170) 11. 158 402 301 177 8.3 2 13 91 ... Total 279 4,210 866 792 775 1,033 hu8 301 4,762 173 046 1,153 244 * Including Ava municipal schools. Ditto 81X ditto.

·24 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR SECONDARY EDUCATION. In 1887, when for the first time the passing marks were reduced from 33 to 30 per cent. in English, and from 33 to 25 per cent. in the second language and in mathematics, while the aggregate minimum of 33 per cent. was not required, the percentage of successful candidates was 68.8. In 1888, though the pass marks in the different subjects remained unchanged, the aggregate minimum was enforced, with the result that 45.8 per cent of the candidates were successful. In 1889 the percentage came down to 24.2. The diminished success of candidates in 1889 attracted attention, and the Senate of the University has appointed a committee to enquire into its causes. All classes of schools have shown a falling off in the percentage, but Government schools, as usual, maintain their pre-eminence with 38•8 por cent., while aided schools passed 24.8 and unaided schools 17.7 per cent. of their candidates. In the previous year the percentages were 59, 42:4, and 40:2 respectively, 40. The following table shows the comparative success of Government, aided, and unaided schools in each Division for the past two yoars, private students being excluded :- Entrance Examination, March 1888 and February 1889. 1888 1889. NOMBRR OF NUMBER OP BCTOOLS BCHOOLS WHICH WHICH BRYT CAN PABBED CANDI- DIDATXS. DATKA. NUMBER OF CANDI. илгаѕ РІ ВОВІ IN THE NUMBER OF ACNOOLS NUMBER OF WOJCIT AKNT CAN. SCHOOLS WHICH PASSED CANDI PIPATEN Darks. NUMBER OF CAN. DIDATEN PABBKD IN TIIR DIVIBIONS. Government. Government. Number of schools. Number of scholarshipogained. Unaided. Number of candidates. e Number of candidates. *ava First division. Unaided. Aided, Aided. Second division. Number of scbolarships gained. PER Third division. EN98 Total Government. Governmect. Total. First division. Unaided. Aided. Unaided. Aided. EVERSE: Number of schools. Total. SC 05 (6) 29 13 16 91 101 1 40 28 28 10 13 1 88 40 69 Calcutta Prendency Burdwan Rajshahyo Днеса Chittagong Pains Bhagalpromet Choth Napporo ORIANA 31 (a) 6 (6) 1 70 (c) 9 48 70 (d) 10 6 0 8.5 () 5 17 6 ... 18+ 21 20 16 Second division, Sweet Third division. 17 34 9 21 12 1 11 8 toanerexa 31 1,031 88 014 61 76665 16 109 82 010 9 182 603 10 120 6 08 70 175 169 154 117 97 118 98 1218 131 30 86 2y 14 18 39 00 78 17 85 11 429 17* 34 (a) 340 259 17 77 (1) 110) 14 18 (A) 325 21 42 (M) 88 8 13 186 18 30 72 12 13 34 7 7 10 11 16 6 6 3 29 10 11 1 10 1 8 227 2001 214 79 210 12 1 JO 2 avesavs 18 16 1 13 2 11 3 B 8 9 7 6 3 7 6 3 17 6 8 8 2 6 20 1,2401 02 721 60 M11 13 1.50 30) 7 162 17 10 171 5 63 9 97 15 3 2 7 47 9 D 8 1 69 117 40 71 17 43 13 5 8 8 31 7 11 8 18 18 7 u 99 38 18 29 6 10 . 6 6 i Total 68 184 87 279 86 111 78 R46 4,084 863 779 752 1,894 140 319 671 149 98 30 65 114 78 212 4,661 175 482-510 | 1,147 160 (a) • Excludes one girl's scholarship. + Includes ditto. Including thn Bothune Girl' School and the Calcutta Normal School. (a) Including the Bethune Girls' School. (6) The Frou Church Normal School for Girly. (6) Ditto Free Church Normal School and Zenanı Mirsion School, Calcutta. (c) Including the Santipore Municipal Hchool and the Moorshadulad Madrassu. Ditto Santipore Municipal School. Ditto the Burdwan Municipal Schoul, Midnapore and Ghatal Munici. (1) Ditto Midnapore Collegiato, Burdwan, Ghatal, And Ruli Rivers Thomo peon pul School, and the Bali Rivers Thompson Municipal School, Municipal Schools, and excluding Ulturparu Collokiute school, trunsforred to (c) Including the Ducou Madrasse, the ado class. (e) Including Natiora Municipal School, Ditto Dacca Madrassu, years' Of the 57 schoo's under public management that competed, 55 were successful. The two unsuccessful schools were those at Ilazaribagh and Palamow in the Chota Nagpore Division. The fornier, after a career of several · success under its present head-master, way, for want of promising materials, doomed to disappointment. The Palamow School is situated in a remote part of the Division, and has not yet fully attained the position of a high school Its staff has recently been strengthened by the appointment of an additional master and a pundit. The progress of aided schools is by no means discouraging. In 1878, out of 84 aided schools 73 competed and 49 were suc- • cessful. In 1888, out of 147 schools 134 competed and 111 were successful. In 1889, out of 152 schools 149 competed and 114 were successful. The number of successful schools since 1878 has therefore risen from 49 to 114. These schools, however, represent different degrees of efficiency, and there is consider. able difference between the best and the worst of them in regard to pecuniary resourcos, number of pupils, teaching, and discipline. The most successful Government schools were the Patna Dacca, and Rajshahye Collegiate schools, and the Furreedpore, Beerbhoom, Pubba, Commillah, and Arrah zillah schools, which passed between 51 and 85 per cent of their candidates. A good many aided schools also passed a large proportion of their candidatos, though tho total number from cach school was not large. The difforent branches of the Metropolitan Institution in Calcutta, five in number, which rank among ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 25 SE ONDARY EDUCATION. the best unaided schools, show very different degrees of success, the percentage of the youngest of them boing less than 9, and of the main institution being nearly 33. The Brajamohan Institution, Barisal, passed 82.62 per cont. of its candidates. Some of the unaided schools show startling failures: the Dacca East Bengal Institution passed only 7 out of 129 candidates, the Simla High School none of its 52 candidates, the Training Academy none of its 29 candidates, the Bunkiporo Aryan Training School none out of its 30 candidatos, the Broughton Institution none of its 23 candidates, and tho Arrah National School nono of its 21 candidates. 41. The following table shows the distribution of Govornment junior scholarships awarded on the results of tho Entrance oxamination for the year 1888 and 1889:- Distribution of Junior Scholurships, 1888 and 1889.. 1888, 1889, DIVISION. First-grade scholar. shin, Rs. 20 a month. Second-grade scholar. ship, Rs. 15 a month. Third-graile scholarshir, Rs. 10 a month. i Total. First division, Second division. scholar. ship, Rs. 20 a month. First-grade Third dirision. Total Second-grade scholar. ship, Rs, 15 a month. Third-grade scholar. ship, Rs. 10 a month. First division. Second division, Third division. 16 10 17 25 18 10 6 7 2 10) 1:3 12 10) J2 6) 12 17 7 21 3 9 2 .. 3 21 ... Calcutta Presidency Burd wil11 Rajshnlıyo lone(H Chittagong l'utiin Aluvulporo Orissa Chota Nagporo Total 10 13 19 10 12 C 12 4 6 5 .. 2 18 13 10 20 16 23 8 IR 12 11 7 4 6 3 7 3 6 1 1 3 . 1 2 3 10 05 133 19 10 9. 152 104 ... ... 42 101 Girls' Scholarships. (alenttu ... 1 1 1 9 3 1 1 1 S 1 2 ... GRAND TOTAL 11 48 155 136 19 11 48 96 .65 105 It is noteworthy that while in 1888 only 19 scholarships in the more backward parts of the country were awarded to candidatos passing in the second division, in 1889 no less than 42 scholarships have been awarded to such can. didates in addition to the six scholarships gained by candidates passing in the third di-ision in the Patna, Bhagulporc, Orissa, aud Chota Nagporo Divisions. 42. The opinion seems to gain ground that the conduct of students in schools is rapidly deteriorating. This is due in a great measure to the example of the teachers. In the eager competition that goes on for fee-paying pupils, not only the inter school rules, but the ordinary rules of morality are set at defiance. Wo hear of falsification of school registers and of accounts of income and expenditure as a common practice. It is impossible that teachers who stoop to such dishonourable conduct should retain the respect of their pupils. Indeed, it is hardly desirable that they should. Ilence arises a spirit of law. less insubordination. This is fostered by the consciousness of the students that they are masters of the situation. The schools are competing for them, and are only too glad to take them on their own terms. In a single issue of a woekly Bengali newspaper thore appeared advertisements from not less than seven high and middle schools offering various pocuniary inducements to boys who might choose to join the first class of any one of them. This system of stealing pupils is, I fear, on the increase. It is heart-breaking to conscientious teachers, and fosters ingratitude in the pupils. The position of Government high schools is of course sufficiently strong for the head-masters to enforce some kind of disciplino if they chooso to do so. As a rule, I believe the heads of Government schools are upriglit and conscientious men, and do exert themselves to the utmost to keep order in their schools and elevato the tone of the students. The samo may be said also of the hoads of many non-Government schools. But there can bo no doubt that by so doing they expose themselves to considerable odium. I regret to say also that in some cases subordinatu masters foment discontent among students and among parents and guardians. 0 Iu ono 1) ·26 'REPORT OF TIE DIRECTOR KECONDARY EDUCATION, But as case a head-master has been threatened with personal violence for desiring certain boys not to take part in a theatrical performance; in another, for noticing immoral conduct in a subordinate teacher. 43. Various remedies are suggested for the present unsatisfactory state of affairs. The University is appealed to to check the practice of sending up candidates rejected at the test examinations of other schools. The Senate has sanctioned regulations which tend to discourage this practice, and has oppowerçd the Syndicate to refuse to recognise schools which show year aftar year bad results. It is obvious that all regulations which tend to check the growth of speculative and piratical schools tend also to foster disciplino. But the measures taken as yet do not seem to be sufficiently drastic. I am myself of opinion that a strict system of licensing schools is required. No school should be allowed to receive pupils that has not been carefully inspected by a Government officer and received a license from Government, to be periodically renewed; and the University should so modify its regulations as to mako it impossible for any unlicensed school to send up candidates to the Entranco examination. It is suggested that stringent measures should be taken to ensure good nioral character in teachers, by appointing them all on probation for a year or two, and by confidential reports to be submitted by tho Deputy Inspectors to the Circlo Inspector, and by the Circle Inspector, if necessary, to the Director. There seem to be some serious objections to the latter measure. For the regulation of the behaviour of pupils, conduct-registers are generally approved. It is remarked that “in this matter there should be a harmonious co-operation between the teachers and the guardians, to whom the conductregisters should also be sent." I am afraid that this harmonious co-operation will be hard to establish. Of the desirability of establishing it thoro can be no doubt. Its absence is the great defect of our educational system, long as parents and guardians care only to see their sons pass, quo cunque modo, little improvement can be expected. There seems to be a pretty general consensus of 'opinion that much may be done by careful selection of passages to be read by students. The Inspector of tho Presidency Circle stat-8 that vornacular readers consisting entirely of moral and humanising lessons havo been largely introduced into schools during the year under report. A similar policy has been adopted by the Syndicate of tho Calcutta University. Much is to be hoped from the establishment of hostels on a more extended scale. The Eden Hostel, towards which Rs. 32,000 has just been contributed by the zemindar of Mahishadal in Midnapore, for the construction of a first floor, will be a great boon to mofussil students residing in Calcutta. The inter-school rules havo, no doubt, contributed to foster discipline. I have already stated that their principle has been followed out in recent regulations of the University. But the University can only deal with Entrance schools. I regret, however, to say that there is reason to think that the inter-school rules are in some cases used as engines of oppression. This tendency on the part of unscrupulous head-masters will need careful watching. The question of punishments in schools is a very difficult one. It is clear that corporal punishmont cannot be used in the case of the older boys. Such offenders should be punishod with dismissal for any serious offence. It seems highly desirable also that, as Dr. Martin suggests, boys of advanced age, who fail to get promotion to the highest class and to pass the Entranco examination, if that bo their aim, should bo sent away. In fact, boys of advanced age should not be allowed to continue in a class with younger boys, as they almost always exert an evil influence. A strict rule should be made that a boy who fails to obtain promotion after two years in a class should leave. In the case of younger boys there can be no better punishment for serious offences than the rod. Tho 'objection usually made to fincs is that they do not fall on the offender, but on the parents or guardians. But it is in some cases absolutely necessary that the offences of students should be brought home to their parents and guardians. In no other way than by pecuniary loss can they be made to take cognisance of them. It seems desirable also that all punishments inflicted should be recorded in each boy's conduct-register, and that the school bistory of students should be taken into account in the award of scholarships and prizes. But all remedial measures will be of no avail as long as it is in the power of a student ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 27 ARCONDARY EDUCATION who leaves or is dismissed from a well-ordered school to get himself sent up to the Entrance examination by the unscrupulous head-master of some speculative institution, established for the sole purpose of making money. The above remarks were written before seeing the Resolution of the Government of India on discipline and moral training in schools and colleges, published in the Gazette of India of the 17th August. I have allowed them to stand, as they are to a great extent based on the reports of departmental officers. 44. Middle English schools.--The following statement compares the statistics of these schools for native boys for the past two years:- 1888-89. Schools. . 1887-88. Schools. Pupils. 8 1,277 12 993 8 Pupils. 1,268 957 12 Maintained by the Department Ditto by Municipal and District Boards Aided by the Department or by Municipal or District Bourds Unaided 533 192 38,869 13,512 665 130 42.281 12,729 OI. ... Total 745 51,651 775 57,225 The number of schools maintained by the Department or by municipal and District Boards shows no change, the loss of the Gurbetta Board School in the Burdwan Division being countorbalanced by the conversion of the Bagaha Vernacular School in Chumparun into a middle: English school. The aided middle schools have advanced from 533 to 565. The Presidency Division shows an increase of 5_schools, the Burdwan Division of 13, Rajshahye 2, Dacca 6, Chittagong 3, Patna 1, and Orissa 2. These schools are distributed as follows:-Presidency Division 124, Burdwan Division 147, Rajshahye 58, Dacca 106, Chittagong 26, Patna 38, Bhagulpore 23, Orissa 28, and Chota Nagpore 15. Unaided schools have declined from 192 to 190, the loss being duc to the transfer of schools to the aided list. The schools are distributed as follows: Presidency Division 25, Calcutta 4, Burdwan 44, Rajshabyo 17, Dacca 49, Chittagong 19, Patna 17, Bhagulpore 7, Orissa 4, Orissa Tributary Mehals 3, and Chota Nagpore 1. Most of these schools have been opened to meet a local demand for elementary English education, and exist in the hope of obtaining a grant-in-aid from the Department or the District Boards. Some of them, however, owe their existence to rivalry between factions in the same or Deighbouring villages, cach of the contending parties coming forward to claim a grant from the public funds. 45. Middle English Scholarship Examination. The results of the examination are given in the subjoined table. Thostandard is that of the Middle Vernacular Scholarship examination with English added as a language only. 1) 2 ·EDUCATION. BYCONDARY Middle English Scholarship Eramination for Boys, 1889. 28 RACS OR CREED OP PA8BBD ECHOLARB. SOYBER OF ISETIICTIO58 8BIDING BXANIMEES. NOMBRB OP EXAYIXRBS. NCYBER PASSBD. Aboriginal + Ins.:tutions Quder public management, Aided institutions. Other icstitutions. From institutions under pablic management, Total, Prom aided institutious. From other institutions. Private students. Total. DITIBIO3. Computing schools. Successful schools. Competing schools. Succossful schools. Competing schools. Successful Achoola. Competing schools. Successful schools. from institutions undor public munaumont. From aided institutions. From other institutions. Privato students. Native Christians (non-eborig. inul). Sucond division. First division Third division. Second division. First division. Third division. First division, Second division, Third division. Second division. First divisioni. Europeans and Eurasians. Third division. First division. Third division, Second div Mabomedan Ilindus. Christians. Non-Chriatiuns. Total. Others. (a) 96 O 10 5 2 189 48 2 61 7 2 82 84 80 96 10 7 106 87 41 297 28 11 336 4. Presidency .. ... ... (6) 2 4 ... ... ... 000 .. or 3 11 2 PO ... ... .. Calcutta 1 ... os (c) 44 (c) 91 3 83 ... 206 i 83 . 92 115 101 23 13 8 75 8 825 12 104 1 28 2 872 3 Burdwan .. 8 26 41 1 83 26 6 10 1. ... REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 33 91 o 40 3 103 32 3 15 51 6 1444 6 3 1 3 Rajshahe ... ... 193 1 ... 3 115 25 11 21 21 11 3 .. 60 ... 75 104 8 2+3 11 96 84 12 86 280 1. Dacca ... ... 10 8 54 12 1 4 34 1 16 Ng .. 8 ... 10 18 ... 19 8 11 61 1 31 27 S2 1 2 99 Chittagong ... . 54 S 1 25 5 33 1 ... 13 6 21 37 27 29 6 97 2 22 154 1 ... 6 3 Patna . ... (d) (d) 3 1 6 19 4 IL . 10 ... ... .. PE 11 6 17 17 11 12 Bhagulpore ... D. ... 4- (e) 9 2 10 10 9 ... ... 10 ... 8 10 ... 10 8 2 85 ... 85 Chota Nagpore ... ... ... ... 57 12 1 1 23 23 .. 13 1 1 ... ... • 19 13 19 co 2 24 29 2 2 10 3 20 80 90 Orissa ... ..! 1. 1 1 2 ..4 ... I. . 2 es ... ... 2 2 3 2 2 ... 3 Tributary ... . ... ... . ... ... Orissa Mehals. .. 872 3 66 2.33 9 293 105 217 46 318 85 23 333 9 239 13 12 418 S55 Total 1.285 | 191 60 491 18 413 # 76 1,536 16 951 951 J.B.-Thirty-three middle rernacular schnols sent ip 66 candidates to this examination, and 33 candidates from 24 schools were successful. Two amalgamated high schools sent up : randidates to this examination, of whoin & were successful, One upper primary srhnol sent up 2 candidates to this examinatiun, and liath were successful. (a) Excluding 58 candidates passed hy the middle rernacular standard. . (d: Excluding 12 candidates passed by the middle rernacular standard, Ditto 2 ditto • ditto. Ditto S ditto ditto, ditto (c) Ditto ditto inf whom 3 were private students) passed hy ditto. litto ditto 1 canilidate ditto.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 29 MleONDARY XOCATION. The foregoing table shows that 491 middle English schools sent up 1,510 candidates, of whom 921 from 413 schools were successful. There were besides 66 candidntes from 33 vernacular schools, of whom 33 from 24 schools passed Two amalgamáted high schools also sent up 9 cundidates, of whom 8 were successful. There were likowisc 30 successful private students. In the preceding year 484 middle English schools sent up 1,525 candidates, of whom 802 from 380 schools passed, besides 36 successful candidates from vernacular schools, 6 from high schools, and 29 private students. The results, therefore, show a docided improvement along the whole line. It may be useful to remember that hitherto the successful candidates were at liberty to present themselves for examination for a second or third time in subsequent years--a practice which unnecessarily detained them at the middle stage after they had provod their fitness for a higher standard. Schools wero therefore informed that in futuro yoars a boy who had once passed the examination could not be admitted to it again. Although during the year under roport Inspectors were permitted to relax the rule in particular instances, there is no doubt that most of the successful candidates appeared at the examination for the first time. As in previous yours,' most of the successful candidates camo from aided schools, the teaching in which is on a vernacular basis in all subjects except English, which is taught as a languayo only; so that if a middle vernacular school chooses to add an English class, it is in a position to propare pupils for the Middle English Scholarship examination. Again, when a vernacular school has, by achieving success at the English examination, established its claim to recognition as an English school, all it has to do is to apply to the Circlo Inspector to be so rocognisod without any alteration in the terms of its grant. When, however, a middle English school in extra-urban tracts applies for conversion into a high English school, it is placed in a difficulty. As a high English school, it cannot under the rules continue to receive a grant from the District Board, while, no additional funds have boon placed at the disposal of the Department for aiding such schools with new grants. The Government of Bengal has rocontly decided that so long as additional funds are not available à middle school, on its conversion into a high school, should be transferred with its grant to the control of the Department, a corresponding reduction being mado in the graut-in-aid allotment of the District Board. An extension of the same principle may be made to those cases in which high English schools are reduced to the middle standard, the school with its grant being transferred from the Department to the District Board." 46. Middle vernacular schools.—The comparative statistics for this class of schools are given below for the past two years :- 1887-SA. 1882-83), Schools, Pupils. Schools, Pupils. 35 ... ... 3,114 8,766 35 163 3,009 9.191 15.1 Maintained by the Department Ditto hy Municipal or District Boards Aided by the Department or by Municipal or District Boards Unaidod 00 892 108 48,581 6,563 916 111 49.998 7,210 ... Total 1,189 67,023 1,225 69,777 The number of departmental schools shows no change. Thoso maintained by Municipal or District Boards rose during tho year froin 154 to 163. The gain of nine schools is thus accounted for: -Tho Kumarkhali Municipal School in the Presidency Division was transforred to the aided list, while there has boen an incrsase of three schools in the Burdwan Division, four in the Patna Division, one in the Blagulpore Division, and two in Orissa. Tho 35 departmental schools are either situated in municipalities or in those districts in which the Bengal Local Self-Government Act has not yet como into oper ation, and are distributed as follows:--Presidency Division 2, Calcutta 1, Burdwan 1, Rajshalıye 2, Dacca 2, Patna 4, Bhagulporc 5, Orissa Tributary Mehals 2, and Chota Nagpore 16. The following is, tho distribution of the 163 Board schools:-Presidency Division 11, Burdwan 25, Rajshahye 25, Dacca 14, Chittagong 10, Patna 42, Bhagulpore 21, and Orissa 15. Aided vernacular schools advanced from 892 to 916. The Presidency Division lost 3 and the Patna Division 2 schools, while Burdwan gainod 6, ·30 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR SECONDARY ELOCATION. Rajshahye 8, Dacca 3, Chittagong 8, and Orissa 4. The distribution of the aided vernacular schools was as follows :-Presidency 205, Calcutta 5, Burd. wan 196, Rajshahye 112, Dacca 225, Chittagong 107, Patna 4, Bhagulpore 22, Orissa 25, and Chota Nagpore 15. Unaided schools advanced from 108 to 111; they exist in the hope of gotting a Government grant. They were distributed as follows:-Presidency Division 21, Calcutta 3, Burdwan 11, Rajshahye 14, Dacca 32 Chittagong 5, Patna 13, Bhagulpore 1, Orissa 1, and Orissa Tributary Mebals 1). 47. Middle Vernacular Scholarship Examination. The following table gives the results of the examination.

·Billille Vernacular.Scholarship Emmination for Boys, 1889 YOYBER OF INSTITUTIONS 9BXDING EXAMISEKS. CUBER OF EXAMISEES. YOYBER PASSBD. RACE OR CREED OF PASSBD SCITOLARS. Institutions unile public managernent. Aided institutions. Other institutions. Total. Froin institutions under public wanagement. From aided institutionis. From otber institutions. Privite students, Total, Aboriginal racus. DITION. Competing schools. Successful schools. Competing schools. Sucessful schools. Competing schools. Successful schools. Computing schools. Successful schools. From institutions imder public munitinent. From aided institutions. From othur institutions, Private cunditatos. Second division. First division. Third division. Second division. First division. Third division. Second division. First division. Third division, Native Christians (non-aborig. inal). Second division. First division. Third division, First division. Third division. Europeans and Eurasians. Muhammaduns. Hindut. Total. Non-Christians. Ohristians. Otbers. Presidency ••• 10 10 103 149 19 19102 177 12 554 6L 72 739 2 16 18 34 153 187 520 19 2 CO 15 43 443 31 . . .00 *** Calcutta ... 1 1 5. 5 co 9 9 14 43 68 2 Porto Second division. 5 1 19 11 1 1 2 20 9 .. 50 1 ... . ... Burdwan ... 23 21 105 146 6 195 173 103 517 20 63 693 29 36 134 180 2 4 1 23 53 17+ 243 465 .. 7 ... . 10. ... Rajshahye .. ... 2? 17 65 7 1:6 86 6 255 15 53 397 6 13 10 13 52 1 3 6 75 118 ... . ... . Dacca 14 19 1 192 170 ... ... 29 25 225 207 88 551 129 157 953 39 25 11 147 134 115 23 54 16 52 39 21 191 119 623 64 ... ... Chittagong OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 9 9 .. 86 84 5 100 97 35 3.2 : 83 o 12 4 110 104 67 5 . 14 28 130 104 *** ... ... 12 . Patas . lat 33 27 1 16 14 49 120 136 337 9 33 39 ... 4 1225 9 30 . 97 147 16 28 ... . .. 19 13 13 15 39 23 50 63 4 83 2108 12 17 Buapulpore Chula Vagpore 12 20 ... 17 3 ... 29 ... 7015 ... 1. ... 14 13 13 1. 12 97 25 39 20 103 10 $ 11 .15 10 20 5 ... VO. en 40 64 2 5 #01 1 Orissa 12 12 20 • 1 18 30 40 64 10. 15 131 17 19 8 11 . ... 7 28 45 I. 103 0 1 1 ... .. Do. Tributary Mebals 2 2 7 7 9 9 9 26 3 38 1. 3 3 ... 2 13 8 NO 1 16 .. 8 1 II. #I. ..! ... ... Total 159 137 741 664 93 sau 993 883 6132,451 329 720 4,145 106 182 153 379 696 674 34 111 81 11 $1 169 534 1,170 11,082 2,420 242 12 2,682 .1.B. -Three hundred and fifty.five iniddle English Achools sunt np 1,0.22 candidates to this examination, and 853 candidates from 311 schools were successful. Twenty Digamatud high English schools sent up 2117 cannidates to this erainination, and 117 candidates froth 18 schools were successful. Ten candidates from upper priuary schools and one front a lower primary scbout also passoul this examination. (R) Exclusive of 22 candidates passing from guru-training classes. 31 EDUCATION. SECONDARY INTRO ·32 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR SUC.JSDARY KIVICATION. The number of competing middle vernacular schools was 993, against 967 in the preceding year. The number of successful schools was 883 against 802. Again, out of 3,423 candidates from these schools, 2,421 were successful against 2, 107 out of 3,379 in the yoar before. There were, besides, 1,022 candidates sent up from 355 middle English schools, and 853 from 311 schools were successful, against 676 from 278 schools in the previous year. From 20 amalgamated high schools appeared 207 candidates. Of these, 117 from 16 schools passed, against 132 from 16 schools in 1888. Again, out of 722 private students, 261 passed, against 281 out of 1,004 in the preceding examination. Except in regard to amalgamated high schools and private candidates, the results for 1889 are considerably better than those for 1888. As observod before, the exclusion of successful candidates of provious years from the last examination under the new rulo was not complete during the year under report, but it may be assumed that the great bulk of the candidates appeared at the examination for the first time. 48. It has been stated bofore that the two middle examinations are in all respects identical, except for the English paper at the middle English examination, and candidates from schools of both classes are allowed to compete by either standard. Combining, therefore, the results of the two examinations, in tho following statement we obtain a means of comparing the progress of middle schools generally :- 1887-88, PABBED AT TRE- Total passed. Number Middle Middla of English Vernacular candidatos. examination, examination. 2,470 802 676 3,440 36 2,107 . Dliddle English Vornacular 1,478 2,143 ... Total 6 910 838 2,783 3,021 1888-89. ... Middle English Vernacular 2,532 3,489 921 33 853 2,421 1,774 2,15 10 .. Total 6,021 954 3,274 4.228 The number of candidates rose from. 5,910 to 6,021, and the number passing from 3,621 to 4,228, Thus the result was much more favourable than that of the previoue year. V.-PRIMARY EDUCATION. 49. The following statement gives the comparative statistics of primary schools for native boys for the past two years: 1UUIMARY NDICATION. Upper Primary Schools. 1887-88. 1A88-89. Schools. Pupils. Bchools. Pupils. Under public management- Maintained by the Department Ditto by Municipal or District Buerds IL I. 413 614 207 423 15 Under priratc management- Aided log the Department or by Municipal or District Boards Unnided 2,880 139 106.017. 6,879 2,889 268 108,487 6.368 ... Total 8,026 112,323 3,077 115,486 ·WT PROVINCES PROVINCES 82 816 90 SIKHIM No. II. Para Baale L BHU Oudhe Darjeelongs Sonrakhpur Punkaba.com Sihan Map of the LOWER PROVINCES i Cooch Behar OF Asungata Darbihan SHOWING Dbahn Kogalni launinu Ballia B LA I Toalpara THE EXTENT OF PRIMARY EDUCATION olur in 1888-89. liha muscar HALLAHABAD Betal Buva nap Unsapull B Vuerostru hun Kajmet Santa oGudai Bogt Pensigh - Yell ENCY Burne Roup va boomb REFERENCES 24 Hazaibagh hanh OPwlamar Jo Agar 1.1 Class Polaləpər ill. YPPERAH bo 50 per cent. and upwards ll. 35 to 50 per cent. A III, 25 to 30 Hi zyrtimpure $ IV. below 20 } Authun Rangamara gong Hispar CENTRAL de China Hangar M mpare Earn hulpar H Matla A M G ut bo dbah kant byl 1 Faleeps 20 в А Т OF B N G A L DRA'S PRESIDENCY Akvamal 20 Lieder agannath Scale 1 Inch = 80 Miles or ot.600 YOO 100 Ganjara 802 86 9:0 Red Ma. 2080, Inst. -911-89.-122 Uitho., 8. LO., Delautta.

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·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 33 Lower Primary Schools. PRIMARY EDUCATION. 1887-88. 1888-89. Schools. Pupils. Schools, Pupils. 10 16 143 366 8 16 107 365 ... Under public management- Maintained by the Department Ditto by Municipal or District Boards Under private managemont - Aided by the Department or by Municipal or District Boards Unaided ... 37,430 8,140 849,823 141,767 36,152 8,679 830,797 150,857 Total 40,595 991,099 44,864 982,126 GRAND TOTAL 48,621 1,103,422 47,931 1,097,611 There has been a gain of 51 upper primary schools with 3,162 pupils, and a loss of 741 lower primary schools with 8,973 pupils, the result being a net loss of 690 schools and 5,811 pupils. The averago number of pupils to a school has, however, slightly increased, viz. from 22.7 to 229; the numbor boing 37 for upper primary schools, as in the previous years, while in lower primarios it has advanced from 21:7 to 21.9. The docrease in lower primary schools will be noticed more fully later on. 50. The following table shows tho proportion of boys actually at school in the different districts as compared with the number of boys of schoolgoing age, taken at 15 por cent. of the malo population, as in England:- . NUMBER OF BOYS AT SCUOOL. PERCENTAGE OP BOYS AT SCHOOL TO BOTH OP SCHOOL- GOING AGE. DISTRICT. Number Malo of busys of population. school-going ago. Yeir Y(var. You 1888-89. Year 1887-88. 1887-88. 1588.83. 67 ... 62 61 69 58 53 62 62 ... ... .. ... ... . 49 47 .. 43 41 ... ... ... ... ... ... .. ... 1 II ooghly 2 Howrah 8 Noakhally 4. Dacca 6.Tipperah 8° | Midnapore 7 Calcutta 8 Cuttack Balasoro 10 24-Perguunahg 11 Backergunge 18 Chittagong 13 Burdwan 14 | Bankura 15 Khulna 16 Furreodpore 17 Beerbhoom 18 Singbhoom 19 Pooree 20 Moorshedabad 21 Jessore 22 | Patna 23 Mymensingh 24 Nuddea 25 Maldah 26 Sarun 37 Bogra 28 Manbhoom 29 Chumparan 30 Gya 31 Monghyr S2 Sonthal Pergunnahs 33 Bhagulporo 34 Pubna 35 Ilazaribagh 36 Purneah 37 Dinagepore 38 Lohardugga 39 Mozuſſerporo 40 Orissa Tributary Mchals 41 Julpigorec 42 Rungpore 43 Shahabad 41 Darjeeling 45 Rajshahye 46 Durbhangs 47 Chittagong Hill Tracte ... 488,952 316,479 115.218 1,033,863 768,150 1,241,274 288,817 849,254 461,461 975.430 973,479 531,649 668,295 507,136 568,402 806,989 381,563 280,978 446,609 580,483 959,371 868,783 1,553.397 805,779 346,998 1,083,505 372,677 525,328 870,627 1,043,441 969,124 785,330 979,119 614,311 644,903 937,080 782,292 796,657 1,265,791 794.985 805,566 1,067,701 950,260 88,948 660,226 1,296,788 66,640 73,343 47.472 62,287 166,079 115,267 181,641 43,323 127,388 69,219 146,315 146,022 79,747 100.241 76,070 85,260 120,898 67,234 42,146 611,991 87,972 143,891 12.817 239,009 120,866 62,060 102,535 65,902 78,799. 130,594 166,51R 146,369 117,799 146,868 97,247 81,735 140,562 117,344 119,498 189,850 119,167 45,833 160,166 142,638 13,342 99.09.3 194,368 8,482 47,443 29,061 36,906 81.4159 6:1,854 98,134 22,6158 65,372 86,497 71,261 70,126 37,946 49,8:30 32,803 32,167 44,202 17,714 10,835 19,997 23.534 34,310 32,8:2 48,989 24,658 8,936 21,237 7,744 12,580 19,640 23,070 21,193 16,822 21,995 13,145 10,461 18,279 14,246 14,260 20,378 14,440 4,688 10,307 16,364 1,406 9,166 16,941 321 88 33 82 29 26 25 24 24 22 21 49,184 29,770 38,091 91,938 67 528 99,135 22,762 67,670 34,506 72,626 69,527 36,828 43,592 31,252 33,168 39,970 18,436 12,257 17,841 22,241 35,872 31,879 52,721 26,670 9,801 30,540 9,323 12.441 20,22 23,567 21,436 16,841 20,499 12,706 11,292 17,286 14,721 14,449 20,826 13,127 5,239 17,360 14,927 1,369 10,024 17,486 332 64 61 69 62 48 52 52 50 51 48 48 47 49 43 37 36 90 25 29 26 23 25 21 20 17 14 13 16 15 1.1 14 16 14 13 12 13 12 11 17 12 10 10 11 10 9 8 3 18 .. .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ... 18 16 15 15 15 1.4 13 13 13 19 12 12 12 11 11 Il il 10 10 10 9 3 . ... .. ... ... ..

·34 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR PRIMARY EDUCATION Of the fourteen districts, which comprise the most advanced group, with more than 40 per cent. of their boys at school, the three highest, namely Hooghly, Howrah, and Noakhally, maintain their position, while of the others, some have moved up and others lost ground. Dacca has risen from the sixth to the fourth, and Tipperah from the tenth to the fifth place, while Calcutta has come down from the fourth to the seventh, and Midnapore from the fifth to the sixth place. The second group of ten districts with 21 to 38 per cent. of their boys at school shows somewhat slighter changes, Khulna, Furreedpore, and Beerbhoom retaining their old places, while Singbhoom has advanced from the twenty-first to the eightoenth place. Of the five districts at the bottom of the list in last year's report with 10 per cent. and less, four retain their old position, while Rungpore has changed places with Shahabad. Reckoned by divisions, Chittagong heads the list with 53.7 per cent. of the boys at school, and is followed by Burdwan with 50°1 per cent. The other divisions stand in the following order :--Dacca 38.8 per cent., Orissa 34.7, Presidency 32-4, Chota Nagpore 16.6, Patna 14.4, Bhagulpore 14, and Rajshahye 12. Bhagulpore and Patna have changed places, while the position of the other divisions remains unchanged. 51. The following statement shows the expenditure incurred on account of primary fund schools for boys and girls by the Department and by District Boards respectively. It includes the cost of the subsidiary inspecting agency, but excludes payments to primary schools from the grant-in-aid fund: From provincial rovonues, From district funds, Total. Rs. Rs. Rs. ... Stipendiary schools Non-stipendiary Indigenous Prizes Other payments 76,380 23,738 872 3,980 23,369 1,94,100 2,37,325 1,256 17,729 1,24,762 2,70,480 2,61,008 1,628 21,709 1,48,121 ... 1.00 Total 1,27,829 5,75,172 7,03,001 The expenditure amounted to Rs. 6,82,089 in the preceding year, owing to postponement of payments till after the close of the year in some districts, where tho District Boards had, on their first formation, to work in the absence of sanctioned budget estimates. As the total allotment for primary education amounts to Rs. 7,73,360, a sum of Rs. 70,359 appears to have been saved under this head including Rs. 1,920 reserved for future cxpenditure. Other payments ” includo the following itoms Rs. 100 ... ... TO . ... ... ... (1) Chief gurus and inspecting pundits (2) Charges for abolished schools Contingencies and miscellanoous (4) Grants for buildings and furniture (6) Contributions to circlo schools (6) Scholarships (7) Remuneration to examiners · 18) Commission for money-orders (0) Rowards (10) Stipendiary grant to khas mehal schools (11) Stipends to primary fund middle vernacalar schools, &o. (12) Pupil-teachörs under training in normal schools (13) Examination charges 87,688 14,176 9,960 7,061 920 1,481 2,427 9,977 101 3,628 4,397 1,902 10,404 ... .. .. ... 00 . Total 1,48,121 Items (10) and (11) might more properly have been shown undor the regular heads. The total of “other The total of “other payments” in the preceding year was Rs. 1,45,653. It may be stated here that the total amount contributed by municipalities for the support of primary schools for boys and girls was Rs. 20,303, against Rs. 16,355 in the preceding year.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 35 PRIMARY BDUCATION, A sum of Rs. 10,065 was also spent on 163 primary schools for boys, chiefly under missionary management, from the grant-in-aid fund; and 148 primary schools received Rs. 13,692 from the grant for circle schools. 52. The following table shows the financial results of the administration of the primary grant for each district. The cost por pupil varies from 8.8 annas in the Burdwan Division to 19.8 annas in Bhagulporo:- Cont per Cost pas DIVISIONS. Districts. Allotment." Expenditure. Schools. Pupils. Achool in rupees. pupil in HDUHS. Rs. . Rs. ... PRESIDENCY 24.Pergunnalis Jessore Moorshodabad Khulna Nuddea 27,867 18,370 11,091 14,368 16,016 25,192 18,561 12,027 14,103 16,130 1,257 860 56. 1,077 632 43,664 26,377 15,369 28,013 17,417 20.2 21.5 21.3 13 25.5 9.3 11.7 12.6 8 14.8 ... ... Total .. 88,601 86,313 4,390 1,29,740 1966 10.6 Calcutta 7,700 7,700 158 6,913 487 17.7 ... BURDWAN Burdwan Bankurit Beerbloom Midnapore Hooghly Howrah 24,421 19,871 9,610 41,709 18,712 11,830 23,353 19,871 8,934 30,339 19,062 9,770 1,283 1,080 596 3,034 1,35') 673 34,689 26.818 14,501 66,225 36.552 23,301 18.2 183 14.9 10 14:1 14-5 107 11.8 9.8 73 83 6.7 Total 1,26,183 1,11,339 8,016 2,02,089 138 8.8 .. RAJBHAIYE Dinagopore Rajshabyc Riingpore Bogra lubna Darjeeling Julpigoree 12,309 13,661 18,320 6,543 1.1,980 4,153 6,067 12,308 11,429 18,388 6,582 13,737 3,000 3,076 638, 280) 683 294 378 39 160 12,824 8002 15.914 8,591 11,8 16 931 3,816 19.2 39.9 26.9 22.3 36.3 709 19 2 16:3 22-6 18.4 12.2 18.6 51.5 12:8 ... ... Total 74,973 68,519 2,478 62,014 27.6 17.6 ... ... Dacca Dacca Furreedpore Backergunge Mymensingh 26,785 18,100 28,736 29,222 21,757 16.147 21,742 27,889 1,272 821 1,008 1,554 33,489 22,185 28.545 35,149 19.4 1963 21.5 17.9 11.8 11:4 12.1 12:6 ... Total 1,01,842 ... 90,533 4,655 1,19,668 194 12.1 CHIITAGONG Chittagong Noakhally Tipperah Chittagong Hill Tracts 15,658 20,872 31,078 1,000 10,082 18,188 29,109 898 537 1,214 2,921 8 16,254 28.506 66,644 107 18.7 14.9 99 104-7 9.9 102 8:2 125.3 0 ... Total 68,608 58,211 4,680 101,551 12:4 9.2 ... PATNA Patna Gya Shahabad Sarun Chumparun. Mozufterporo Durbhunga 19,153 16,014 13,425 15,162 13,632 1:3,541 18,286 16,464 20,170 8,479 15,395 12,731 13.088 11,046 1,163 080 246 1,048 731 753 347 23,743 19,654 6,677 23,993 .15,8.51 1:3,690 8,869 142 21.6 34' 14-6 17.4 18-6 31.8 11 164 20.3 10:2 128 15.8 19.9 ... ... Total 1,09,103 97,972 5,188 112,477 18.8 139 ... . Consisted of grants to District Bcards, of departmental grunts, and of khus mobal grants. E 2 ·36 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR FILMARY EDUCATION. Oost per DIVISIONS. Districta. Allotment.* Expenditure. Schools. Pupils. Cont per Bohool in rupees. pupil in annna. Rs. Rs. .. BHAGULPOBE Bhagulpore Monghyr Purneah Maldah Sonthal Perguunahs 13,893 21,498 11,875 8,009 +21,900 11,454 16,564 11,230 7,366 22,028 .. 884 646 350 229 423 16,626 11.848 8,588 6,676 10,564 12:9 90 3 32 32.1 62 11 22 3 2009 17-6 39:3 I.. Total ... 77,176 68.632 2,432 54,292 28.2 1908 .. CHOTA NAGPORE Hazaribagh Lohardugga Singbhoom Manbhoom 19,682 14,673 11,500 13,600 19,720 14,770 11,500 13,600 863 390 250 406 10,369 11,170 11,103 11,624 88.8 37.8 462 29.1 21.1 21.1 16.6 18.7 ... Total ... 63,515 63,650 1,169 4 1,266 36.7 193 ... ORI98A ... Cuttack Pooree Balasoro 28,351 12,230 19,566 28,687 11,237' 19,163 3,472 711 1,103 64,768 9,784 21,043 8:2 15.8 17.3 ... 8:3 18:3 14.5 Total 60,147 69,087 6,286 85,595 ... 11.1 11.0 . Orissa Tributarý Mehals 18,594 1,043 81 975 128 17.1 • Consispred of grunts to District Boards, of departmental grails, and of khas muhul grunts. + Juclusiva of RA. 7,500) Manctioned for the Dainin-i-Koh. I For Vugul Rs. 2,311 and for Bunki BH 1,35. . The' average annual cost for each school was Rs. 18-3 and for cach pupil 12.2 annas, against Rs. 17.6 and 114 annas, respectively, in the preceding year. Tho highest rates of expenditure are furnished by the Chittagong Ilili Tracts, Darjeeling, and the Sonthal Pergunnahs, while Howrah shows the lowest figure, 6-7 annas per pupil. As explained in the provious year, schools established for the benefit of the aboriginal races are mainly dependent on aid from public funds for support, while the more advanced racos contributo a large share of the cost of their own education. The schools in the Rajshahye district, however, form an exception to this general rule, as the system of payment-by-results has been roplaced in that district by ono of "stipends. Mr. Bellett notes, however, that in accordance with an intimation from Government, the Rajshahye Board proposes to revert to the old system of payment-by-results. The exceptionally high charges for Calcutta aro explained by the circumstance that tho ront of school-louses absorbs a good portion of the grant. 53. It may be noted here that the expenditure in some of the districts Las apparently exceeded the allotment. It is not clear, howover, how much moncy was reallotted by the District Boards concerned from the savings of the past yoar so as to increase tho amount of disposablo funds. That the suns thus reallotted were not fully spent in all casos appears from the roport of the Deputy Inspector of Jessore, who states that Rs. 2,765 remained unexpended simply owing to the inability of the members of the Board to allot the money to the differont subdivisions bofore the close of the year. Regarding the non-Board districts of Hazaribagh and Lohardugga, however, tho Assistant Inspector simply states that they had “overspent their allotment by Rs. 38 and Rs. 97 respectively." The saine is probably the case in regard 'to the Sonthal Pergunnahs, which oxceeded the allotment by Rs. 128. The Assistant Inspector of the Bhagulpore Division thus notices.certain novel features in the adınirristration of the primary grant in that district :-"In tho Sonthal Porgunnahs a large expendituro of Rs. 1,500 has been incurred from the primary grant for the orection of some houses for the guru-training normal school at Taljhari, which is placed under the management of the Church Mission Society, and which returned eight scholars only on 31st March. Again, considerable rewards are given for passing boys in the primary examin- ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 37 PRIMARY EDUCATION, ations to the teachers of the Taljhari Mission Middlo Vernacular School, which is aided from the grant-in-aid fund, and which is returned, as stated before, as five schools, while the same benefit is not oxtended to other grant-in-aid schools for similar. results. There is also a proposal to open three teehnical schools from the primary fund; tools for the same will bo purchased froni a special allotment of Rs. 1,365 from the Damin Improvement Fund.” While somo districts exceeded their allotments, there were others which did not spend tho full amount at their disposal. Tho result is a saving of nearly Rs. 70,000 in round numbers. Midnapore saved Rs. 11,000, Backergunge and Durbhunga Rs. 7,000 each, Chittagong, Shalabad, and Monghyr Rs. 5,000 each, and a few other districts smaller sums. The Midnapore Board reduced it's primary grant from Rs. 33,329 to Rs. 27,829, because Government, in fixing the educational grant of this Board, had refused to take into account “ Rs. 5,500, provided for the maintenance of forries. To meet this doficit tho payment of rewards for stability. was discontinued, except in the most backward parts of the district." The Commissioner, Mr. Clay, concurs with the Inspector in thinking that it was injudicious to adjust the Board's incomo at the sole expense of the primary grant. 54. The following tablo słows the progress made in upper and lower primary schools in the different districts :- Schools which gend Schools which are Schools in Upper primary pupils to tho lower below that standard, which no printschools, prunury scholarbut roul printed ad books shop exilimination. boukx. aru read. Total. DISTRICT. Morit harks, 1 Schools. P’upils. Schools Pupils. Schools. Punils. Schools. Pupils. Schools. Pupils. 3,300 4,534 67 520 804 7,905 0 I.. 209 11 108 77 186 139 1+2 78 122 91 193 100 .. 22,-152 21.135 16,7:30 18.17ti 21,782 11,136 21.010 8,081 18,1 10 10, 11) ... 966 1,1:30 631 01: 021 450 7.16 382 603 468 340 612 501 418 3999 243 12 19 ... 11 2,889 2,377 1,700.) 1.08.7 1,106 1,931 1,241 1,1-19 13:39 I.. 65,1550 38.0 15 28,002 39,407 27,712 20,303 3,230 22,815 11,809 19,603-6 15 732 8,087 101,2015 12.83 15,303 130,818 6,20 1,618 1,735 1,002 1,041 219 1,450 5.37 807 776 3 Hi 611 17:17 771 201 350 710) ... 7,217 3,87- 3, 116 2,339 8,230 5.0-17 9,8233 2,008 4,018 33,557 6,7:12 4,1134 1,13012 33,031 1,349) 2,708 1,911) 1.:2003 703 1,495 3,138 7,300 7.079 4,000 3,773 3, 145 9,191 3,161 2,10N5 2,873 2.KOL 2,771 2,112 2.319 2.295 2,2015 2,64) . . ... ... 29 303 ... HO. 36 10,771) 13,000 12,109 7,310) 603 8.) 27 .. .. ... 30 1.10 17 10,3 1,139) 1,103 1,2363 1,2:35 110 1,0990) 431 1,0:1 47 13 88 46 197 40 207 450 171 (837 15:) 4 16 471 27 .. ... 10,9805 0.161 10,231 3,088 11,3:52 10,123 ti,6:33 7,150 6,438 5, WC ... 303 .IG 2,195 1,820) Nunaporo Cuttack Tipprrahi Barhorguing 2 -- Pergunnials 17:en Bunkuru Balasoro Burdwan Jooghly Mlymensingh JISSOL Naru Khulnga Putin Nonklially (iyou Furioriporo Monghyr Poorn Chittirnug Nuddist Dukaporu Blogulporo Beerboom Kunsporo Muzafferporo Monrxliedibud ... llowrah Southal Purgunubs. Chumparun Purnenh Oripes Tributary Mohala Palon Durbhunkn Munbloom Lobaritukka kujulinhyo Hazaribiuh Shahabad Singbloom Bokia Muldah Julpigoroe Calcutta Darjuling Chittagong Hill Tracts 3 80; 63 61 10 81 62 27 43 41 51 0013 20%) 3:13 479 390 474 911 837 21 214 2783 2:31 235 195 17 21 999,821 61.6138 176,6313 60,1-43 57.711 3!), 18 28,104 33,029 31,607. 38, 239) 32..3.79 23,371 201,5530 29,677 23,316 299,701 20,102 27, 115 16.7:39 13,217 27.80 17.813 1.7,113 111,7017 10,2131 17.5 15 14,819 10,590 23,771 13,707 15,28 13,817 13,511 12,720 12.876 12,50 12,9 10 11,1018 10.001 :9,7150 12,283 9,112* 7.5511 5,367 0,017 1,018 107 838 218 731 88 6:12 707 7018 012 4411 3,003 2,1128 1.210 1,736 2,113 1,893 1,130 M35 1,500 3,125 780 276 5,286 7,6803 16, 183 4,785 7,2018 7,920 7,8333 8.713 0,787 15.tititi 11,091 7,297 0,000 6,176 7,130 4.197 4.4102 0,1803 0,0:13 4,385 9,16188 10,437 4,078 22.0:31 1,807 1.775 1,717 1.006 1..389) 1,5701 1, 1.32 1,120 1,101 1,371 1,337 1,199 1,151) 1,116 1,056 1,6110 057 212 911 873 Sux 767 . .. 21 .. 120 789 333 Sch 211 551 156 1,810 1,338 3,114 ... 320) SI 28 40 715 14 12 273 585 27 1,338 1,67-6 5,318 0,318 5,580 03 850 228 ... 2 1,273 1,804 1,953 246 901 168 2003 112 174 1:33 1501 163 163 J11 08 11:3 109 013 1,008 400) 517 403) His 370) 38 :380 283 177 ... 199 1:33 . 3,079) 4,850 4,506 7,850 73.491 .. 1,119 ... 4 20 84 39 1,228 1,418 • 2,098 0:13 186 137 ... 2,583 3,110 4,1)3 2,777 1.2. 21 70 88 ... 2,770 6,307 416 7 13 27.5 2:1 1 38 ... 65.063 091 696 870 131 10 8 3 7 632 ... ... 1 19 As in previous years, the educational position of each district has been roughly determined by assigning fivo marks for each upper primary school, three marks for each lower primary school that has attained the lower priinary scholarship standard, and one mark for cach lower primary school that uses printed books. These correspond pretty closely with the number of years taken by each school to reach its own standard. A school using no printed book roceives no mark. Under this system both the quantity and the quality of the instruction are considered. Midnapore and Cuttack with their numerous primary schools are at the top of the list with over 7,000 marks cach. Iu the next group are comprised districts with marks ranging from 4,000 to 3,161, namely Tipperah, Backergnnge, 24.Perguunahs, Dacca, and Bankura.

·38 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR PRIMÁRY 55. Upper primary schools.—The following table shows the attendance and EDUCATION. expenditure in upper primary schools for native boys aided from various sources: EXPENDITURR. FROM PUBLIC FUNDS. FROM PRIVATE YUNDA. CLASS OF SCHOOLB. TOTAL Rs. Re. Ra. Rs. Ra. Rs. 6 15 207 423 208 400 126 278 1,032 I. 886 687 119 198 7 1,161 1,748 Upper Primary Schools. Maintained by the Department Ditto by_Municipal and District Boards. Aided by thu Department or by , Municipal or District Boards. Upaidud 2,888 108,487 90,701 -78,760 39,000 1,20,370 2,919 1,48,919 49.938 3,83,082 168 6,868 6,756 4,481 0,031 9,682 100 18,719 Total 3,077 115,486 106,180 89,031 40,988 1,21,256 9,670* 1.88,297 63,027 8,74,004 * Including Rs. 607 from the Khond Mehal Coss Fund in the Orissa Tribatnry Mohals. The schools havo advanced from 3,026 to 3,077, and their pupils from 112,323 to 115,485. The cost of these schools to provincial and local funds jointly increased by Rs. 8,749. It may be useful to remember that theso schools teach up to something like the fifth standard of an elementary school in England, the sixth and seventh standards being of a decidedly higher character. The final standard for primary schools in Bombay is also somewhat higher than the Bengal upper primary courso. The total number of primary schools for native boys being 47,931, and 3,077 of them being. upper primary schools, it follows that about one out of 16 has reached the upper primary stage. The oxpenditure from public funds on these schools was Rs. 1,65,770, against Rs. 1,57,021 in the preceding year. Again, the fow unaided schools being excluded, 2,909 schools were maintained at a total cost of Rs. 3,55,981, and therefore each school cost on an average Rs. 122 a year, or a little over Rs. 10 a month, of which Rs. 4-10 were contributed from provincial revenues and district funds. The great bulk of these schools receive stipends ranging from Rs. 2 to Rs. 6 a month, and are evidently not more costly than tho stipendiary lower primary schools. That the classification of these schools is not always of a satisfactory character appears from the report of the Deputy Inspector of Burdwan, who writes as follows: “A patshala here has a two-fold classification: one for the course it adopts, and another for the monthly rate of stipend its guru receives. At the time of tho preparation of tho annual returns the former, and as soon as they are submitted the latter, classification is adapted.” The object evidently is to give the upper primary schools a share in the sanctioned number of stipends for lower primary schools. The Inspector justly points out that an upper primary school should always bo an upper primary, whother for stipends or returns. 56. The following table classifios upper primary schools for boys according to their numerical strength :- 1 2 9 8 7 8 9 Bchools with 50 pupils and moro. Schools with 40 pupils and loss than 30. Schools with 80 pupils and Ices than 40. Schools with 29 pupils and less than 80. Schools with 10 pupils and loss than 20. DIVI&IORS. Total number of schools. Total nurnber of pupils. Average nomber of pupils in an upper primary school, Schools. Pupils. 489 8,691 107 4,717 140 83 11 2,009 181 . 8,418 9,034 ESSE Schools. 188 61 .. Presidenoy Cwlcutta Burdwan Rajshahye Dacou Chittagong Patna Bhupulpore Chota Nagpore Orissa Orissa Tributary Mchalk Total 20,700 K99 24,871 11,420 19.301 10,002 0,683 (3,438 4,170 7,347 1,349 095 920 361 276 180 11.8 47 3,847 2,226 3,405 2,050 1,961 1,620 684 ska 808) 182 115 168 77 11 27 8,027 54 7,602 2,498 65,420 8,838 1,166 1,146 711 1,806 686 80 187 98 94 33 41 ... 84 21 84 16 1 9 2,543 0,131 2,109 2,321 048 278 4,172 2,880 4,178 1,104 281 647 240 8,160. 898 12.8 77 35.00 30.08 36'02 80'5 612 42'08 40*6 2708 944 062 842 543 267 16 184 14 781 32 46 88 16 21 7 46 268 46 131 15 8 16 3,077 115,486 888 80,809 667 24,297 911 80,803 818 20,265 203 8,281 87.6 ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 39 PRIMARY EDUCATION. sions. The largest number of upper primary schools with 50 pupils and upwards is found in the Presidency Division, but the highest average number of pupils to a school is given by Calcutta and the Patna and Chota Nagpore Divi- The number of schools with loss than 20 pupils is small, except in the Burdwan, Orissa, and Dacca Divisions. It is doubtful whether such small schools in the upper primary standard can have any great educational value. If schools attended by less than 30 pupils were excluded from the list in accordance with the provisions of the revised code for England and Wales, no less than 1,021 schools out of 3,077, or very nearly one-third, would ccase to be returned. 57. The rosults of the upper primary scholarship examination of 1889 for boys are tabulated below for each division.

·EDUCATION PRIMARY 40 MYBER OP ISSTIICTIONS 8BIDING EXAMINERS. NUMBER OF BXAMIZBES. NUXBER PASSED. RACS OR CREED OP PABSKD SCHOLARS. Institutions under public manageinent. Aided institutions, Other institutions. From institutions under public managemrnt. Total. From aided institutions. Tntal. From other jinstitutions, Private students. lo Aborig. inal aces. DIVISIO Suocunsful schools. From institutions under public inanngonent. From aided institutions. From other institutions. Private studenty. Second division. First division. Third division. Second division. First division. Third division. Native Christians (non-aborig. Second division. First division. Third division. Arcond division. First division. Third division. Socond division, Firat division. Kuropeans and Eurasians. Tbird division, Muhammadans. Hindus, Non-Christians. Obristians. Tolul. inal). Others, -- 60" 129* 141" 270 12 0. 10 65 193 19 49 232 123 126 5 163 724 6 35 8 Presidency .. 291 ... ... ... ... ... 670 .. ... 1 3 8 .. I. Calcutta N 7 20 3 16 I- ... . ... ... . . ... . ... . 547* 206+ 297+8097 11 527 20 .. 196 6 779 Burdwan 417 299 30 12 250 2 1 429 4 6 1,22 me ] 1,322 ... ... ... 119 1 1 641 215 221 139 1 .. 1. 5611 1380 10. 3 154 55 149 1 Rajshahye.. 133 527 510 3 ... ... .. ... ... REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 223.239 Dacca 451 87 1 1 91 99 ... 256 85 1 383 -802 1 92841 780 165 OGS 192 193 .. 000 ... 164 114 1 1 105 69 218 Chittagong 180 17 57 110 61 1 107 1 129 186 483 1 3 1 ... ... .. .. .. 26 Patna 18$ 104 101 26 235 9 117 6 10S 3 140 2 106 385 6 16 86 7:12 6 100 11. ... 109 Bhagalpore 76 16 295 1 . 88 25 143 109 39 7 1 8 86 278 25 09 89 to ... . . ... ... .. . Orissa 161 1-45 5 374 192 3 B 168 78 .. 479 15 1+2 14 16 524 131 167 ... .1. 3 152 4 8 4 91 . 3 6 ... 1. 20 1325 23 10 2 Orissa Tributary Mchals ... 7 34 3 71 80 16 27 1 14 4 1 6 5 ... II 10. 08 2 00 6 33 S 69 23 Chota Nagpore 34 .. 78 207 % 81 21 4 86 195 00 106 . .. ... Total 14 114 6 1,992 16 1,814 2,149 1,839 83 40 75 77 19 23 42 148 5,061 634 1.309 11,237 106 340 119 2,733 6,583 577 1,202 1.100 9 ... 8,180 3,180 N.B.-Six hundred and fifty-two secondary schools sent ap 2,587 candidates to this examination, and 1,642 candidates from 585 schonle were successful. These hare been excluded frum the foregoing statement, • Exclusive of 12 cadrlidates passed Imin guru-training classes. Ditto of 25 ditt.) Passed from 11 lower primary schools. 1 Ditto of 5 ditto passed from gurn-training classes.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 41 3 PRIMARY EDUCATION. Out of 2,149 upper primary schools that competed, 1,634 were cessful, against 1,572 vut of 2,122 in the preceding year. Of the 5,434 candidates from these schools, 3,103 were successful, against 2,916 out of 5,318 in the preceding year. The proportion of success for both schools and candidates was therefore higher. The Burdwan Division passed the largest number of candidates, as in the previous year. The upper primary scholarship examination for oach division is held under the orders of the Circlo Inspector concurrently with that for the award of the middle scholarships. 58. Lower primary schools.—Those schools have declined from 45,595 to 44,854, and their pupils from 991,099 to 982,126. The following statement gives the comparative statistics for each division during the past two yours:- 1887-88. 188-80. DIVISION. Schools. Schools. Pupils. IO .. ... ... 0. .. Presidency Calcutta Burdwan Rajshahyo Dacca Chittagong Patna Bhagulpore Chota Nagpore A Orissa Orissa Tributary Mehals 4,620 120 9,454 2,500 6,096 4,285 5,566 3,377 1,480 7,196 1,013 Pupila. 128,221 6,942 218,496 66,237 144,341 99,244 111,981 65,632 41,512 106,396 13,098 4,525 117 9,058 2,6998 5,920 4,785 6,361 3,060 1,516 6969 956 128,996 5,631 211,693 60.455 140,322 102.251 112,023 62,149 43,324 103,567 11,816 Total 45,695 991,099 44,854 982136 While the Chittagong Division shows a gain of 500 schools, and the Presi. dency, Chota Nagpore, and Rajshahye some small increase, there has been & falling off in the five remaining divisions, the result being a net loss of 741 schools. To account for the disappoarance of 396 schools in the Burdwan Division, the Assistant Inspector alludes to the inundation in Midnapore, to grave errors on the part of a Sub-Inspector in Burdwan in preparing the returns, and to the omission of certain schools from the returns of the Hooghly district. He concludes by saying :-"It is much to be regretted that under the management of the District Boards there was such a large falling off in the number of primary schools.” Mr. A. L. Clay, the Officiating Commissioner, accepts this view. Tho Bankura District Board account for the decrease of schools in that district in the following manner :-“The introduction of strict supervision in 1887-88 eliminated the most palpable oncs, and in 1888-89 some of the most astuto orres. The Board are not yet sure that all such have been detected and fully eliminated." The loss of 327 schools in the Bhagulpore Division is said to have been chiefly due to (1) scarcity, (2) cholera, and (3) "insufficient exertion on the part of some circle (inspecting) pundits to collect returns." The decrease of 194 schools in the Patna Division is not directly explained, but it was shared by Patna, Shahabad, and Durbhunga. The inspecting pundits, however, are reported “to have displayed a tendency, based on self-indulgence, of decreasing or disparaging the number of schools by failing to collect fair returns from schools in their circles or reporting them as defunct." The Joint-Inspector of Orissa says that the bulk of the loss in that Division (227 schools) is confined to the Pooree district, where a large number of pupils withdrew from schools owing to the pressure of the scarcity. The net loss of 175 schools in the Dacca Division was due to the loss of 259 schools in Furreedpore, 201 schools in Mymensingh, and 17 schools in Backergunge, against a gain of 302 schools. in Dacca. The Inspector is led to beliove that the loss in Furreedporo was duo cither to some defect in the rules framed by the Board for the registration of primary schools, or to want of sufficient activity on the part of the inspecting officers. He is unwilling to accept the explanation given by the Deputy Inspector of Mymensingh, that the loss in that district was owing to the transfer of a number of lower primary schools to the head of Maktabs. The gain of 500 schools in the Chittagong Division is entirely due to the increuse of 618 schools in the district of Tipperab, attended by the decrease of 118 schools in the other districts of the division. The figures for Tipperah have for some years been liable to fluctuation, and the increase and decrcase of primary schools in that ·42 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR PRIMARY EDUCATION district are often the results of the inclusion of maktabs in larger or smaller proportion in the returns of lower primary schools. The loss of two schools in the Chittagong Hill Tracts is attributed by the Deputy Inspector to the “Kuki raids and the consequent expedition.” 59. The following table shows the attendance and expenditure in lower primary schools for native boys, from all sources, during the past year:-- EXPENDITURE. FROM PUBLIC FUND8. FROM PRIVATB FUNDS. C1. A8B OF SCIOOLE. TOTAL Rs. Rs. Ry. Rus, Ra, Rs. 107 865 838 9 ... 91 840 70 178 251 1,002 840 1,263 Lowor Primary Schools. Maintained by the Department Ditto by Municipal aud 16 District Boarea. Aided by the Department or 36,162 hy Municipal or Distriot Boards. Uruided 8,670 Total 44,864 8,80,797 7,44,067 6,14,446 88,733 2,87,869 8,283 11,30,142 2,14,820 17,88,888 ... 1,51,8557 .. ... ... .. 2,12,830 61,690 2,61,620 1,30,250 1,07,425 8,74,748 7,22,113 9,82,120 89,671 2,88,120 9,280 13,51,074 2,66,510 20,06,469 • lncludingiks. 1,002 from tho Khond Mehal Cuss Fund in the Orisan Tributary Mohala. The expenditure from provincial revenues and other public funds was Rs. 3,86,976, against Rs. 3,66,808 in the precoding year. The expenditure from local sources was Rs. 16,18,493. The contributions from public funds thore fore amounted to 19.3 per cent. of the total vxpenditure. The schools are thus maintained by the peoplo themselves with but little assistance from the public funds, the proportion of such assistance being largest in those tracts which had originally no indigonous system of their own. 60. Tho following table classifios lower primary schools for boys, division by division, according to the number of pupils attending thom :- 1 8 6 7 8 9 10) Schools with 50 Schools with 10 Schools with 30 pupils and pupils and pupils und inora. loss than 30. less than 4C. Bahools with 20 pupils and loss than 30. Schools with 10 pupils und legs than 20. Schools with lins than 10 pupils. DIVIBIONN, Total Total number nurtur of of schools. pupils. Pupils. Schools. Pupils. 427 ... des Schools. . ... Presidency Calcutta Kurdwan Rajshalya Onecia Chittagong Patna Bhagulpore) Chota Nagporo OriNNA Orissu Tribulary Mehals Totul ... 4,620 117 9,058 2,648 6,020 4,785 6,301 3,000 1,615 0,900 000 128,000 0,531 211.698 60), 156 140,329 102,251 112,023 62,149 49,324 103,567 11,816 879 80 1615 90 170 76 111 22,200 2,9984 22,061 2.8038 0,082 6,444 10,13% 4,373 6,767 879 82 674 141 3838 106 225 123 180 19 8 18,421 900 1,136 20 20,071 (1,260 6,134 838 16,004 1,04% 8,418 611 9,731 610 5,411 298 6,983 Xxx 809 109 28 83,497 910 41,687 11,036 $5,380 21,167 20,407 9,620 10,084 6,282 912 1,056 28 2,844 1,002 • 1,468 1,887 1,296 718 090 1,034 88 87,139 405 62,800 25,280 46,076 82.080) 30,683 18,976 10,007 22,944 2, 1,214 2 4,211 1.009 2,976 2,472 3,060 1,709 918 3,748 627 18,789 32 80,991 15,138 32,980 34,633 41,168 29,769 4,479 74,169 7,987 219 2805 47'2 233 23'2 237 21'S 2008 2003 28.5 14-8 123 .. ... .. 1 1,398 44,464 982,120 1,454, 87,800 2,289 98,176 5,613 188,051 12,484 294,029 22,803 311,780 218 1,388 21.9 The largest pumber of schools with 50 pupils and upwards was returned from the Burdwan and Presidency Divisions, and the largest number with less than 20 pupils from Orissa and the Burdwan Divisions. The Calcutta schools show the highest average number of pupils, the socond and third places being occupied by the Presidency and Chota Nagpore Divisions respectively, and the lowest place by the Orissa Tributary Mchals. If the provisions of the English Code were applied to Bengal, and schools with less than 30 pupils excluded from the returns, 35,499 schools out of 44,854, or more than 79 per cent., would cease to be returned. 61. The following table gives the results of the lower primary scholarship examination for native boys in 1889, division by division.

·NUMBER OP INSTITUTIONS SENDING EXAMISEBS. NUMBER OF EIAYINERS. NrYBER PASSED. RACE OR CREED OP PABEBD SCHOLARS. Institutions under public management. Total. Aided institutions. Other institutions. Total. From institutions under public management, From aideri institutions. From other institutions. Private students. Aboriginal races. DIVISIONI. Competing schools. Succosuful schools. Compoting schools. Successful schools. Competing schools. Successful schools. Compoting schools. Succuosful schools. From institutions under public munagoment. •From aided institutions. From other institutions, I'rivate students. Second division. First division. Third division. Second division. First division. Third division. Native Christians (non-aborig. inals). Second division. First division. Third division. Second division. First division. Third division. Second division. First division. Europeans and Burasians. Third division. Muhammadane. Hindus, Non-Christians. Christians. Total. Othert. Presidency 681 10 1,028 1,038 588 7 23 3.0181 504 396 305 S 13,048 878 846 6 1 608 402 314 •1 .01 .. . .01 ... 10. v. 9 1 Calcutta ID 3 H 7 15 15 06 ... ... I . 07 1. .. ... 1. 4. ... ... Burdwan co 9 2,105 1,534 1,414 1,538 1,011 1230 3,778' 238 7,4341 P 52 7,50 31,426, 1,588 1,014 2,163 1,534 1. ... .. 1. 6 1 Rajshahge 572 891 1 8 465, 674 890 575 1,133 3 82,410 2,394 1,14 ... ... 100 OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Dacca 1 1,323 650 864 2 3,226 RG6 1,120 1,137 729 1,123 2 33,2 1,142 735 .. ... ... ... ..! .. 101 .: ID e 388 Chittagong 519 14 +81; 299 383 1,4261 516 880 401 3 13 1,418 399 400 1 ... ... .. . ... ... II. . Patna 1,465 ! 1.959 1,274 6,847 563 3 15 7,858 91 224 3,561 1,998 15 191 8,133 24 1 1,459 17 16 63 30 3,461, 2.034 ... ... ... ... ... 1,071 Bhagulpore 804 113 1,778 297 804 I. 718 1,803 1 129 38 220 1 4,206 1,071 4,970 847 1,841 ... .. 1.. .. .. ... 21 Orissa 3 1,175 1,309 1.189 1,5111,191 . 2,635 1,175 66 5 3.935 1 N 990 3,930 ... 880 1 *** ... ... IR (c) 32 33 35 6 15 100 211 14 41 129) 1 6 et 328 1 5S 11 84 12 . 76 1 5 1 .. 6 *** Orissa Tributary Mehals. Chota Nagpore 261 co 3 1 276, 255 527 360 290 262 26 339 6 ! 1,458 258 537 246 1 1,479 2 539 .II co 1 ... 11. 190 1. .. Total 9 ST7 63 63 42 238 106 15 7,375 10,032 7,467 10,434 7,834 1,809 4 10,739 8,003 '1,855 17,350' 2,865 9,922 1484,911 266 83 493 35,784 6 F 2 20,617 20,617 M.B.-Twn hundred and sixty-fire high nr midiin English or middle vernacular schools sont up 1,163 candidatos in this examinatinn, and 7A7 candidatos from 233 schools were sucressful. One thousand one hundred and thirty-nine upper primary schon sent un 4,281 candidats to this examination, and 2,514 candidates from 931 schools were successful. All these have been excluded from the forogoing statement. (a) Includes 5 girls passed from boys' schools. (c) Includes 2 girls passed from hors' schools, (0) Do. 1 girl ditto ditto. Do. I girl ditto ditto. 43 EDUCATION. PRIMARY ·44 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR T'RIMARY P.DUCATTON. 62. The following statement compares, in the most summary form, the results of the lower primary scholarship examination for the last ten years: Yea.. Competing wchools. Bucorskful schools. Candidatos. .. ...... 1870-80 1880-81 1881-82 1882-83 1883-84 1884-85 1885.86 1886-87 1887-88 1888-89 ...... 7,620 7,887 8,283 10,387 10,979 11,406 10.794 9,639 10,379 10,032 Number pasged." 11.864 13,951 16,131 16,852 20,011 21,600 20,018 20,276 18,846 20,617 24.163 26,299 29,368 39.798 40,706 43,410 38,443 34,561 37,469 36,784 8.129 7.689 7,193 7 087 7,467 ... ... ... • Includes private candidatos. The results of the examination of 1889 were thus more favourable than those of any preceding year except 1887; and if allowance be made for the gradual raising of the standard of examination in some of the districts, the result is, on the whole, satisfactory. The Patna Division, however, again shows an extraordinarily large number of passes (5,719), and is closely followed by the Burdwan Division with its 4,028 successful candidates. Again, although the Government Resolution laying down the standard of the lower primary scholarship examination prescribes a minimum of two-fifths of the full marks for a pass, the classification of successful students in the third division in several districts leads to the inference that a lower proportion of pass marks has been adopted. This circumstanco probably accounts for the high figures presented by them. The Deputy Inspector of Burdwan reports that “the Board set the questions themselios, which were too easy; and in their over-anxiousnças to show that primary education has not deteriorated under thoir managemont, overlooked the rulo that requires a candidate to secure one-fourth marks in each subject and two-fifths of the aggregate in order to pass." The results of the examinations, moreover, show such startling variations as to raise considerable doubts as to the maintenance of even a shadow of uniformity in the standard. The only escape from the present difficulty is to transfer the conduct of these examinations from local to contral management in the case of every division. The Education Conimission recommended (VII. 9) “that nativo and other local onergy be relied upon to foster and manage all education as far as possible, but that the results be tested by departmental agency." It is high time to act upon this recommendation, 63. In the following summary is shown the distribution of upper and lower primary schools in each division, with the number of successful candidates at the respective scholarship examinations: DIFIBION. Upper primary Nchools. Panned at upper primary exuwibalton, Lower primary schools. Passed at lower prinary Oxamination. ... .. Presidency Calcutta Burdwan Rajshahye Dacca Chittagong Patna Bbagul poro Chota Nagpore Orissa Orissa Tributary Mehals 489 7 695 326 651 276 186 163 84 265 45 330 6 812 268 552 282 247 189 61 388 56 4,626 117 9,069 2 598 5.920 4,785 5,361 3,050 1,616 6.969 956 1,224 9 4,028 1,140 1,877 796 6,719 2,188 800 2,702 136 ... L ... Total 3,077 3,180 44,854 20,617 ... • Includes private cnndidates. The Lower Primary Scholarship cxamination was for the first time introduced in Calcutta last year. An examination of the foregoing table shows that although Patna occupies the bighest place at the lower primary examination, the Burdwan Division has achieved the distinction of heading the list at the upper primary examination, the second place being occupied by Dacca.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 45 TRIMARY 64 The following table shows the classification of lower primary schools for native boys according to the standards attained by them: EDUCATION, NUMBER OP PUPILB PASSED BY DIVISION. Number of schools that Thone that are sond pupils to below the lower Thoso in which Number of the lower primary stand. no printed Total, lower primary ard, but read books are read. primary scholarship priuied books. Hohools examination. exumined for rewards. Schools. Pupils. Schools. Pupils Schools. Pupils. schools. Pupils. Number of pupils Number presented of sucfor exam. cessful ination, schools. Standard Suandard B. Total. 8,731 62,029 3,727 10,696 21,633 82,128 1 62 Prroidency Calcutta Burdwan Rajshaliye Dacca Chittagong Putna Bhagulpore Chota Naxporo Orissa Tributary Mohals. 2,106 68,902 15 805 3,240 23,4105 1,076327,652 1,629 47,443 1,110 30,161 2.908 66,346 1,337 30,098 6:08 23.846 1,839 | 83,7144 1,032 2,120 00,004 102 4.800 6,811 118,186 1,473 32,0411 4,367 9,421 3,120 63,901 2,086 80,128 1,020 2H,456 81] 19,334 8,1108 68,16833 340 7,042 . 12 ACS 459 8,106 5,550 2,6005 145 1,4110 3,141 36 5440) 308 1x7 6 12: 820 4,621 128,996 117 6,631 9,068 211,003 2,698 60,455 5,920 1411,922 4,785 102,261 5,361 112,023 3,050 62.149 1.615 43,324 0,839 103,567 056 11,816 7,738 2,783 2,061 2,2:38 3,150 1.803 72,618 2:9,828 34,3613 25,2665 38,111 14,339 1,778 40,8306 0,010 13,308 0,507 11,308 4,510 9,3.84 7,639 2,725 2,404 2,227 3,124 1,691 240 8,0313 041 39,985 18,1.58 13,970 7,238 14,716 8,003 520 10,166 2,873 47,291 22,723 25,838 11,767 24,050 0,1.18 1,378 16,773 3,197 . 6,179 663 878 6,117 824 Total 16,316 415,024 27,868 641,731 1,641 22,371 44,854 982,126 30,431 31-6,911 29,963 60,826 126,9155 1:43,781 The first and second standards are the same for all districts alike, and are the only two standards recoguised for purposes of reward below that of the . • lower primary scholarship. They are doscribed in detail in paragraph 101 of last year's report. 65. These examinations for rewards were generally conducted in situ in the Presidency and Chota Nagpore Divisions, but the pressure on the Sub. Inspectors is so great that even in these divisions there is a growing feeling in favour of central examinations under adequate safeguards. In the district of Bankura also the reward examinations were for the first time held in situ in accordance with the recominondations of tho Education Commission. In the divisions of Dacca and Chittagong, however, a system of examination of all primary schools was held simultaneously at selected centres by local Committees appointed by the District Boards. This system has undoubtedly the advantage of guarding against the presentation of the same boys. at different centres, but it is open to the objection that no professional experience can be brought to bear upon the examinations, and the grant of rewards to teachers upon the results is liable to considerable variation owing to the great multiplicity of standards adopted by the large number of oxaminers employed. Tho Deputy Inspector of Chittagong is an advocate of central examinations conducted by the Sub-Inspectors of Schools In Noakhally the head pandit of a middle vernacular school, who conducted the examination at a centre, was “ prosecuted for taking bribes from three of the patshala gurus for passing their boys in the reward examination of the year 1887-88, but for want of sufficient evidence the prosecution failed.” The expedient of substituting private for departmental agency in testing results is opposed to the recommendation of the Education Commission already quoted in a foregoing paragraph. VI.-SPECIAL INSTRUCTION. SI'NCIAL INSTRI'UTION. 66. Under this head are included - (a) Training schools for teachers. b) Other institutions for technical, industrial, and professional education: 1887.68. 1898-8. CLANS OP INSTITUTIONS. Schouls. 22 5 Pupils. 982 159 Schools, 22 6 Pupils. 1,034 209 ... ... . Training schools for mastors Ditto for mistressos Guru-training classes attached to middle schools School of Art Law schools Medical schools Engineering and surveying schools Industrial schools Other schools .. 155 1 10 7 640 158 1,172 887 423 619 16.3 179 1 10 8 663 172 935 999 518 479 172 .. ... 13 6 12 7 Total 223 5,0X35 219 6,171 ·46 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR BMECIAL INSTRUCTION. The number of training schools for mistresses has risen from 5 to 6 owing to the opening of a training school for mistresses at Baranagar in the 24-Pergunnahs. Government guru-training classes have increased by 15. Two aided guru-training classes have been returned from the Bhagulpore Division. Seven unaided guru-training classes have been established in the Prosidency Division. Medical schools have increased by onc, as two unaided medical schools are this year shown in the return for Calcutta-Dr. Jagadbandhu Bose's School and a homeopathic school. On the other hand, one of the Dacca unaided homeopathic schools ceased to exist during the year under report. Industrial schools have declined from 13 to 12 owing to the closing of a school at Entally in the 24-Pergunnals, and of another at Talibpur in Moorshedabad, counterbalanced by the opening of an unaided industrial school, at Alalpur in Balasore. There is an increase of one in “other schools," due to the opening of an unaided music school at Dacca and of the Tikari Girls' School in Gya during the year, while the night-school opened last yoar at Mozufferpore by a banker for the education of the children of banias and shopkeepers has ceased to exist. A.- TRAINING SCTIOOLS. . 67. The following statement gives the most important statistics with regard to these institutions :--- EXPENDITURE. FROM PUBLIO FUND8. FROM PRIVATE FUNDB. Number of schools, Numhor of pupils. From provincial revenues, From district funds. From inunicipal funds. Krom f(y and fiucs. From othor Hourcos, Total. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rus, Rs. Government training schools For wastors 18 784 67,768 1,437 28 $24 RO 98 70,255 Aided training schools For Musters 0 250 6,248 10 .. .. 1.0 8,231 18,529 For MistroHNOS 6 194 6,480 80 .. ... 4,096 . 9,706 19,400 Unaided truining schools- For Mistrosges 1 16 . ... 68 ... 817 876 Guru-training clnaBoS attached to puddle schools- Government 700 605 4,874 452 .. ... ... .00 D 5,316 Aided 13 ... 1,017 ... .. *** ... 1,017 Upridod 8 81 ... ... II. 78 76 Totul 207 1,6265 84,137 1,879 88 8,076 18.987 1,10,407 The number of schools rose from 182 with 1,681 pupils to 207 with 1,896 pupils, and the total cost increascd from Rs. 1,04,602 to Rs. 1,10,467. There is an increase of Rs. 2,960 in the expenditure on Government guru. training classes. The two aided guru-training classes are at Haripur and Taljhari in the Sonthal Pergunnahs. Of the Rs. 1,017 spent on them, Rs. 810'was paid from the Sonthal Education Fund and Rs. 207 was paid in stipends to the pupils of tho Haripur guru-training school. 68. The following statement shows the attendance and exponditure in the different grades of training schools for masters and mistresses, whether departmental, aided, or unaided. Schools of the first grade prepare students through a three-year's course, those of the second grade through a two-years' ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 47 course, and those of the third grade through a or a year :- course lasting six months SPECIAL INSTRUOTION. NUMBER OF PUPILS ON TIB ROLLS ON 918T MARCH EXPENDITURE, 1888-89. NAME OP SCHOOL. FRON PUBLIC FUNDE. FROM PRIVATE FUNDS. 1888, 1A80. Total. From provincial revenues. From district funds. from municipal tunds. From food und flues. From other Bources. FOR MASTERS. Rs. Rs. Rs. Bs. Rs. Rs. Government. ... .. .. ... BIO 100 .. ... .. 89 130 180 85 60 91 76 111 199 76 60 76 85 150 890 73 60 ..0 ... . 10.381 10,508 9,861 6,281 4,67015 11,247 2,4333 5,177 .. ... 10,466 10,6535 10,151 6,838 4,6i55 11,247 2,4:53 0,073 ... ... ... ... .. ... ... 20 54 ... ... 08 ... 616 8L ... ... 1 First grade 1. Calcutta 2. Jlooghly 3. Dacia 4. Rangpur 8. Chittagous 6, Patna 7, Ranchi 8. Cuttack Hocond grado 1. Jalpaiguri Third gradu- 1. Muidubud 2. Lolardukki 3. Haldipukur 4. Puri 5. Balasoro 6, Angul 7. Mihari 34 .. 77 ... 2,200 5 ... 10 10 ... 9 1:3 248 787 85 .. ... ... od ... ... 1.0 ... . ... 13 26 10 13 7R7 4057 1,277 1,750) 1,071 1,2333 10 22 15 13 I. 1,277 1,4615 1,071 Oxo 285 ... ... •1 ... ... .. ... 652 Totul 756 784 67,768 1,437 29 9 98 70,265 FOR MASTERS. .. 28 1-1 ... Aulod 1. Barrackpur Wesleyan School 2. Krishnugar C.M.H. Training School 3. Bhimpur Sontha) Trumming School 4. Tihola Training School (Bistenpur) 5. Darjeeling Mission Training School 6. Puchao LA Training School (Freo Church) 26 10 105 1,900 1.500) 1,350 30%) 983 1,860 1,677 1,350 528 1,712 3,000 3,077 2,700 828 2,095 31 35 95 31 565 .. 1,206 1,769 ... ... Totul 226 250 6,298 ... 8.231 13,029 FOR MIST KEHSES. Aided- 24 25 000 255 2,174 3,029 ... 18 39 15 39 ... 1,020 2,000 2,880 780) 1.721 1,702 0.624 4, 143 .. 1. Dum-Dom Wesleyan School 2. Church of England Ze.pune Mission Normal School :), Free Church Norniul School +, Krishnapor Roman Cathoke Boarding School !). Buranagor Training School- Total 03 02 ... 720 20 ... 1.4) 2,320 179 2,500 2, 905 ... 60 143 194 6,40 *** 60 4,084 9,760 19, W) Unaided ). Bankura Wesleyan School 16 15 68 ... 817 875 GRAND TOTAL 1,141 1,919 78,548 1,437 88 5,076 18,012 1,04,059 * Now schoul. 69. The following table shows the results of the vernacular mastership examination for 1889. Certificates of the first, second, or third grade are given according as students have completed a course of threo years, two years, or one year respectively. A certificate is classed as high, medium, or low, according to tho marks obtained : FIRST-GRADE CERTIFICATES. SECONI)-GRADE CERTIFICATES. TQ1BD-GRADE CERTIFICATES. TOTAL. NAMRB OF SCITOOLS. Candidates examined. High, Jedium. Candidates examined. Low, Aigh, Medium. Candidates examined, Total. Low, High. Jedium. Low, Total. | Passed. 1 25 20 41 46 6355 14 19 10 1 13 16 6 18 7 3 2 13 17 18 18 28 84 10 13 26 86 40 ... Calcuttaa Hooghly Dacua Chittagong Rungporo Julpaiguri Krishnaghur Privato studente 15533 Candidates. 20 30 31 40 15 18 6 15 27 13 11 89 60 52 21 80 S 36 14 14 11 83 180 137 69 69 11 10 46 21 4 HOU 19 17 ... 1 8 ... 3 2 ... 10 3 1 8 2 8 10 27 10 Total 1.36 31 78 109 103 8 80) 128 020 7 76 1 40 668 381 ·48 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR SPECIAL INSTRUOTION. The total number of successful candidates is 381 out of 555, against 403 out of 526 in the preceding year. Either the examination must have been more difficult or the students less thoroughly prepared. The number that obtained first-class certificates was 109 out of 166, against 99 out of 139 in the preceding year. The Dacca Training School again holds the first place with regard to the number of successful candidates turned out and the number of first-grade certificates. Hooghly again atands second, and Calcutta third. It is worthy of note that no first-grade candidates passed this year in the high division. 70. Guru-training classes. The grant for the establishment of guru-training classes in connection with middle schools was raisod from Rs. 6,000 to Rs. 9,000. It was distributed as follows:- Rs. Prosidoncy Circle 4,800 Western 1,150 Rajshahye 1,200 Eastern 1,200 Bohar 1,200) ... ::::: ... 100 .. ... Total 9,450 ... The following tablo shows the number of gurus undor instruction:- ... .. . ... ... ... . Presidency Division Chots Nagpore Burdwan Orissa Dacca Chittagong Rajshahye. Bhagulporo Schools. 86(a) 19 6 20(6) 18 11 19 2(c) Pupils. 343 90) 13 €:3 10 19 07 18 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ia Total 179 463 663 . (a) Includes 7 unaidal scloole with 20 pupils. (5) Do. 1 utilidad nehool 5 (c) Returned us aided schools. The guru-training system, which owes its origin to a suggestion of Mr. C. B. Clarke's, still flourishes most in the Presidency Division. It has been now extended to Bhagulpore. Tho guru-training classes in that division have been already noticed. B.-OTHER SCHOOLS OF SPECIAL INSTRUCTION. 71. Under this head are included institutions and departments of institutions that teach law, medicine, and cngineering, whether affiliated to the University of Calcutta or not, together with the Calcutta School of Art, industrial schools, and other schools of a special character. The following tablo gives the most important statistics with regard to those institutions : Statement of Attendance and Expenditure in Schools of Special Instruction in 1888-89. EXPENDITURE. AVRBAGB ANNUAL COBT OP BDUCATING KACII PUPIL. FROM PRIVATE FROM PUBLIC FUNDA. FUNDO. R. Rs. Rs. Ro. Ry. R. A. P. Rus, A. P. I.-LAW. Gouernment Law Schools. 21 923 . U. 1 to. .. :) . HO. . . 21 10 S2 82 10 18 Hooghly College Krislinuxhur Dncon Patna Rajalinhyo Ravenshaw Cuttack Total 1,201 4388 2,255 2,400 009 1.005 1,814 089 2,255 2,400 1,407 1,095 72 1 6 0 14 70 7 75 0 0 40 11 2 ( 19 4 ... .. .. 5798 II. . . 8 18 ... 2 ... 198 128 8,819 1,021 9,840 75 14 11 ..

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 49 SPECIAL EXPENDITURE. INSTRUCTION, AVERAGE ANNUAL COST OF RIU CATINI BACI PUPIL. FROM PRIVATE FROM PUBLIC FUNDB. FUNDA. Number of institutions. roll Sumber of pupils on the rolls on the 31st March Average monthly number. 1899. From provin. cial revenues. From district funds. From manici. pal funds. From fees and fines. otter sources, From Cost to public funds, Total. Total cost. I.-LAW-concld. Rs. Rs. Rs. R.. Rs. Rs. Rs. A. P. Rs. A. P. Unaidad Law Schools. 1 DI. ... .. ... ... 10. . Metropolitan Institution City College Ripon Jaganath Dacoa 287 108 901 21 ... 252 118 837 21 13,188 13,198 4,845 +,318 Money figures no shown 702 702 62 811 3346 13 7 he return. 36 4 6 ... ... 1 ... ... Total 807 .. 728 18,308 18,304 13 13 2 .. ... .. ... TOTAL LAW SCIOOLS 10 935 851 26,627 1,021 27,648 63 12 7 ... II.-MEDIOINX. Medical Collego, Calcutta 1 148 2000 ... 1,83,755 7,012 1,01,367 018 10 4 Oi 13 4 Government Medical Schools. UU . Sealduh Patna Duccu Cuttack 699 1 1 1 234 121 205 63 255 141 2014 2 44,916 17,841 13,XH 5,227 7,586 2,2936 0,5913 119 52,502 20.896 201, 1907 5,311 176 2 3 120 8 ON 20%) 1 3 205 14 3 147 11 2 100 7 7 213 19 6 . ... ... ... ... ... ... . Total 013 4 625 81,888 16,5:1-4 089 ... 0:1,171 131 139 10 8 Unaided Medical Schools. 977 .. .. In Onlcutta A. Vaccu 2 1 128 110 131 100 2, 442 1,5501) 3,419 1,500 20; 1 7 15 0 . OC II. Totul 3 238 231 3,9949 . 4,919 0 TOTAL MEDICAL SCHOOLS 990 1,054 2,63,6-43 28,148 1,600 2,85,157 231 8 10 279 12 7 Ill.-ENGINEERING. Civil Engineering College, Suubporo 1 200 172 65,224 7,003 72,227 379 3 4 419 14 3 ... 690 Government Surocying Schols. ... ... Drucca J'atn18 Cuttack 1 1 1 168 00 90 10 57 85 2,3994 2,7165 1,795 2,105 669 830 4,4919) 3,385 14 6 8 47 10 4 21 1 10 27 1 7 39 6 2 30 14 7 .. ... ... I. Total 8 318 308 6.415 3,604 10,509 22 6 8 3+ 1lt ... . TOTAL ENGINEERING SCHOOL .. 618 72,129 10,007 82,736 ... 150 4 3 1725 10 ... IV.-ART AND INDUSTRY. Government School of Art 1 172 163 3,709 25,402 29,171 ... 40. 156 3 4 178 15 4 ... Guvernmont Industrial Schools. ... Runchi Industrial Seloul 1 1,172 ... 1.785 2,987 123 3 + 49 13 4 Aided Industrial Schools. 390 ... .. 1 10 0 7 49 32 In tho Presidency Division Calcutta Burdwan Origa 80 30 108 68 78 80 140 66 800 979 912 149 9.10 2,31 312 647 1,296 3,287 62. 6 10 7 6 17 9 1 11 2 3 Totul 7 330) 300 1,586 399 3,770 5,754 6 9 19 2 10 UC ... Una idod Industrial Schools. lp tho Presidency Division Bhagulporo Orinda 46 00) 18 86' 09 11 89 24.0 2000 2 13 S 3 12 11 18 2 Jo . 2.40) 1:2 9 8 1 ... ... Total 118 103 8 631 589 4 15 1 ... TOTAL AKT SCHOOLS 13 051 696 28,219 309 8,717 0,086) 38,421 ... 48 0 3 OTHER SCHOOLS OF SPECIAL IN- STRUOTION. Government. In the Rajshahye Divirion ... .. 36 4,184 ... 4,134 114 13 4 114 13 ... Aided. 89 bic In Calcutta Burdwan Division Patna 289 178 203 .." i 013 14:2 120 1,185 870) 210 7 0 0 3 127 5 3 6 vo 7 13 11 10 7 izo 18 .. ... .. Total 4 107 106 407 120 253 020 1,700 5 10 % 17 Unaided. 1 13 10 81 6 ... In Oriana Divimon Dacou *** 84 30 86 OS SO VI ... 10 Total 2 21 16 80 84 114 7 7 100 . TOTAL OTIER SCHOOLS 172 165 4,601 120 283 1,009 0,018 30 7 38 12 A ·50 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR SPRCIAL INATROOTION. 72. LAW.--The number of law students in Government colleges is 128, against 125 in the preceding year, and the average monthly roll riumber is 123, against 140 in the preceding year. The number of students in unaided law schools has gone down from 1,047 to 807, and the monthly roll number from 959 to 728. The sum of Rs. 223, which the Hooghly Law Lecturer derives from other funds, represents the part feo payments of Mahomedan students from the Mohsin Fund. The Rajshalye lecturer received this year Rs. 798 from the endowment of Rs. 20,000 made by Rani Manomohini Devi. 73. The following table shows the results of the examination for the degree of Bachelor of Law held in 1889. This year 187 students have passod out of 355, against 2:38 out of 356 in the previous year :- PAASED IN THE NAMB OF INSTITUTION, First division. Second division. . ... ... ... Number of candidates. 1 11 3 16 6 22 P.. 1 ... Presidency College Hooghly Krishnaghur Dacca Rajsbabye Patna Ravenshaw Cuttack Metropolitan Institution City College Ripon Jagannath Dacca . 19 2 3 1 8 1 10 4 10 1 04 19 62 5 9 ... ... ... ... 129 46 109 9 ... ... Total 356 13 174 187 As in the previous year, the Metropolitan Institution sont up and passed the greatest number of candidates. 74. MEDICINE.-The total number of medical students has risen from 887 to 999, principally owing to the establishmont in Calcutta of Dr. Jagadbandhu'a School. The number of students in the Calcutta Medical Colloge has declined from 160 to 148. There is a slight increase in the Sealdah and Patna schools, and a slight decrease in the Dacca school. The number in the Cuttack school is the samo as last year. 75. Medical Colleye. - The College has now completed its fifty-fourth session, During tho yoar Dr. W. H. Gregg was appointed Profossor of Hygieno, vice Dr. Lidderdale, retired. Dr. F. F. Perry officiated as Professor of Ophthalmic Medicine and Surgery from 1st April to 30th November 1888, during the absence on furlough of Dr. Sanders. Dr. Robert Harvey took furlough for 397 days from the 13th April 1888. Dr. C. H. Joubert was appointed to officiate as Professor of Midwifery and Obstetric Physician. When the session opened, 160 students resumed their studies, 16 rejoined, and 51 began their medical studies for the first time. There was thus a total of 227, against 254, 234, and 218 in the three preceding years. Of the 67' new and rcadmitted students, 10 received freo presentations, 41 were onrollod as paying or matriculated students, 6 entered as casual or non-matriculated students, 6 joined the female certificate class (of whom two are from Burmah), and four joined the hospital apprentice class. At the close of the session the strength of the College was 148, against 160, 172, and 152 in the three preceding years. In 1889, 20 candidates went in for the first L.M.S. examination and 11 passod, 23 candidates went in for the second L.M.S. examination and 15 passed. For tho first M.B. examination, 26 candidates presented themselves, of whom 1 passed in the first and 7 (among them one female candidate) in the second division. One candidate, wlio failed in comparativo anatomy only, was declared to have passed the first L.M.S. examination. For the socond M.B. examination 10 candidates prosented themselves ; 3 passod in the first, and 4 in the second division. Thore are 15 boarders in the Maharani Sarnamayi Hostel, of whom 6 are Europeans, 5 are Eurasians, and 4 are Natives. The total expenditure of the College has risen from Rs. 1,70,237 to Rs. 1,91,367, owing principally to the inclusion for the first time of the salaries of the Professors of Ophthalmic Surgery and Botany.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 51 . PRECIAL INSTRUCTION 76. Campbell Medical School, Sealdah.-Dr. S. Coull Mackenzie was absent for three months on privilege leave, from the 5th August to the 6th Novembor, and Surgeon-Major E. G. Russell, M.B., officiated for him. Of tho 82 second. year students who went up for the first license examination, 78 passed. Of the 69 third-year students who appeared at the second or final license examination, 50 passed. Of the 79 first-year male students, 60 obtained promotion. Of the 14 first-year female students, 10 obtained promotion and one was ordered to be re-examined in three months. Four Europeans, 1 Eurasian, and 18 Natives appeared at the compoundors' examination, The 4 Europeans, the 1 Eurasian, and 15 of the Natives woro successful. 77. Dacca Medical School.-Surgeon-Major C. J. W. Meadows assumed charge of the school on the 27th May 1888. At the close of the session thero were 14 fourth-year, 50 third-year, 89 second-year, and 52 first-year students on the rolls. In the final examination 63 students appeared, of whom nine failed in Therapeutics and two in Midwifery. These men were recommended by the Committee of Examiners for rc-examination after throc months. In the junior diploma examination 79 second. -year students appeared, of whom only two failod. 78. Temple Medical School, Patna.-At the closo of the session there were 121 students on the rolls, 53 in the first-year, 37 in the second-year, and 31 in the third-year. Of tho 31 students of the third year, 20 passed, and 2 were recommended for re-examination. Of the 37 students in the second-year class, 18 passed and 7 were recommended for ro-examination. 79. Cuttack Medical School. Since Dr. Stewart went on furlough, Surgeon-Major E. Bovill has been in charge of the school. There were 53 students at the close of the session--23, including 3 females, in the firstyear class, 19 in the socond-year class, and 11 in the third-ycar class. In the third-year class there were 2 females, 1 of whom passed third out of 11 students. The othor left in the course of the year to be married. 80. ENGINEERING.-The institutions for toaching engineering are the Gov. ernment Civil Engineering College at Soebpore, and tho Dacca, Patna, and Cuttack Survey Schools. There were 518 students in theso schools, agaiust 423 in the preceding year. 81. Engineering College, Seebporc.-On the 31st March last the number of students in tho Engineering Department affiliuted to the University was 66, against 59 in the preceding year. Of these, 24 were in the first-year, 18 in the socond-year, 14 in the third-year, and 10 in tho fourth-year class. The Univorsity B.E. and L.E. examinations commenced on the 2nd of July. Nine students of the fourth-year class and 1 ex-student appeared, and of these 5, including the Cx-student, passed in the second division. H. Martindalo, L.E., and Nogendro Nath Mookerjee, B.E., gained the first and second placos respectively; Consoquently the two guarantoed appointments for tho current year fell to them, and Nogendra Nath Mookerjee as a B.E. takes tho Ambika Charan Chowdhuri gold medal in mathematics. The F.E. examination commenced on the 7th May. Twelvo third-year students and one previous failure presented themsclves, and eight passed in the second division. At the College examinations held on the 14th May, 15 students presented themselves and 10 passed, not one having failed in shop-work. Out of the 21 first-year students 16 were promoted to tho second-year class. On the 31st March 1889 the apprentice department contained 128 students, against 105 in the previous year. In addition there are six artisan pupils from Assam, who are instructed altogether in the workshops. Ten senior approntices left the College during tho year with final certificates : all have obtained appointments, and appear to be giving satisfaction to their employers. The fourth-year class was examinod in July: 21 students appeared and 18 passed. Four of these loft, and 14 remained to go through their course of practical work. The annual examinations were held in January. Twelve students (one baving left with a sub-overseer's certificate) appeared for promotion to the fourth-year class, and all were succossful. Twenty-one students of the secondyear class underwent examination, and 19 passed. Forty-four students of the first. -year class were examined and 39 passed. For the adınission examination in January 81 candidates were registered and 65 appeared, of whom 45 were G 2 ·52 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR SPROIAL INSTRUCTION. admitted, but only 35 joined. In addition to these, three boys, who had passed Standard VII of the European Code, and four, who had passed the Entrance examination in English and mathematics, took their admission, while four who failed to gain admission to the socond year rejoined. Altogether there were 200 students on the rolls on the 31st March 1889, against 168 in the preceding year. During the year the Principal granted one overseer and four sub-overseer's certificates, in addition to the final certificatos already mentioned as granted to tho senior apprentices. The usual survey operations were carried on in the year under review, and works were visited by the senior engineer-students under the superintendence of Mr. Slator. The Principal suggests that it would be highly beneficial if the University would award marks for notos and sketches made during these visits. Tho Board of Visitors have framed a rule making it compulsory on all students to join the revived Athletic Club. Football continues the favourite game with all: the native students are gradually taking more and more to cricket, but the College has lost the “Harrison Shield.” In the annual sports, which came off on the 4th of March, the native students showed that they could in some things hold their own against European and Eurasian competitors. Stables for the horses of residents were completed during the year. On the 31st March there were 183 students, including 6 artisans, in the College Hostel -167 Hindus and 16 Christiane. The total expenditure of the Collegc was Rs. 72,227, of which Rs. 7,003 was derived from foes and Rs. 65,224 from provincial revenues, including Rs. 9,760 incurred in the workshops for the practical training of students. 82. The Committeo appointed under the Government Rosolution dated the 30th July 1887 have now submitted their report. They propose (1) with regard to the Engineering branch of the College that a higher entrance test should be required for admission, i.e., that a student in order to be admitted (a) should have obtained 40 per cent. in English and 50 per cent. in mathematics of the totals allotted to those subjects in the Entrance oxamination, being under 19 years of age; (b) or should have passed the F.A. examination, being under 21 years of age; or (c) the B.A. cxamination in the B course, being under 23 years of age (in which case ho would be allowed to join the second-year class of the College);" (2) that the first examination in engincering should be abolished, and the theorotical course reduced to three years, being at the same time made lighter by tho omission of certain mathematical and scientific subjects of an unpractical character, to be followed by half a year in railway workshops and one and a half years on works in progress. With regard to the subordinato branch of the College, they proposo that the theoretical course be reduced to two years, and be made lighter by the simplification of the mathematical and science courses. Such of the students of the subordinate branch of the College as are desirous of being trained as skilled mechanics should bo apprenticed to workshops according to tho particular trade they wish to follow. Their workshop course would thus extend to three or five years. Such of them as desire to be trained as civil overseers should be put through a six months' special course in surveying, estimating, and accounts, in addition to the regular theoretical course, and should thon go through the same course of manual and practical instruction as the engineering students. At the same time the Committee proposo the abolition of the workshops, which are no longer required by the Public Works Departmont, and the convorsion of the workshop buildings into lecture theatres, classrooms, and laboratories, for the formation of additional classes for the training of youths for callings in which special theoretical knowledgo is required. They suggest that a model-room and a drawing-hull might also in this way be provi. dou. Other measures proposed are the establishment of a final college examination in enginooring apart from that held by the University, the establishment of a hospital, the payment of the travelling expenses of students when visiting outlying works, such as the Burrakár Iron-Works, and the publication of a College calendar. Sir Alfred Croft considers the proposal to abolish the workshops prejudicial to the interests of engineering, and still more of mechanical education. At present the students turned out by the mechanic department of the College obtain without difficulty remunerative employment. The department may therefore be pronounced a success from a practical point of view.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 53 RPRCIAL INSTRUCTION. . Sir Alfred Croft considers that this department is “jeopardised by the proposals of the Committee." He remarks: -"Thero is somothing obviously defective in the idea of a technical institution for tho training of mechanics from which everything of the nature of manual instruction is excluded. We are brought back to the time when the Civil Engineering Department was a branch of the Presidency College; and all the efforts made in the past ten years to carry out the modern idea of technical instruction, in which theory and manual work aro combined, will have been made in vain. The workshops being removed, thero is no longer any roason why the Engineering Colloge should remain at an inaccessible place like Seobpore; and consequently all the expenditure incurred on buildings has been money thrown away. It is satisfactory to find that the Committee oxpross strong approval of the rules for the maintenance of discipline in force ip tho Seebpore Engineering College. They remark :-“Tho monitorial system and the conduct. register were brought into operation as soon after the establishment of the College as was practicable, and their effect on the maintenance of discipline has, the Committee is informed, been very marked.”. It has been brought to the notice of the Committee that the severity of tho discipline maintained in the College renders it unpopular with certain classes of the community, but they sec no reason for relaxing it. Indeed, they are of opinion “that the rules at present in force are not so stringent as those in educational institutions in England," and they think “that if the policy of Government is to raise educacion in this country to the English standard, the English standard of discipline should be aimed at." 83. Dacca Survey School. -On the 31st March last there were 108 studonts in the first-year and 60 in the second-year class, against 76 and 39 in those classes, rospectively, last year. Of these, 156 were Hindus and 12 Mahomodans. It is ovident that the school is gradually gaining in popularity owing to the fact that its passed students obtain a livelihood. Of the second-year class, 21 obtained certificates at the annual examination, and of the first-year class 52 were promoted. 84. Patna Survey School. There were 60 students on the rolls, 32 Hindus and 28 Muhammadans, against 61 in the previous year. Of the first-year class 20 were promoted, and of the second-year class 25 obtained certificates. Most of the students who have passed havo succeeded in securing some kind of employment. 85. Cuttack Survey School. The number of students was 90, against 83 in the preceding year; all Hindus. This incroaso shows that the people of Orissa apreciate the instruction given in the school. Of the second-year students, 18 passed tho final examination. The result of the examination of the first year was on the whole satisfactory. 86. ART AND INDUSTRY.The Government School of Art is the most iniportant institution under this head. Industrial schools have declined from 13 to 12, as already explained. Government School of Art.-The number of students has risen from 158 to 172, and the expenditure from public rovenues from Rs. 24,978 to Rs. 25,462. Mr. Jobbins remarks that the students in the technical classes are doing excellent work, particularly in the wood-engraving and lithographic classes, and a considerable amount of outsido work has been satisfactorily executed. Less work has boen done this year in the advanced painting classes owing to the fact that 22 of the advanced students have entered as candidates for the first certificate of the third grade. The works prescribed for this cortificato include examples in various stages of drawing, as light and shade, outline, drawing with instruments, &c. The second certificate, "Painting and Design," wiil be commenced after the completion of the first. It is estimated that the execution of the works and preparation for the examination will tako a year for each certificate. The bolders of one or more certificates of the third grade will be eligible for employment as teachers. Special classes have been instituted for those students desirous of becoming teachers. Lectures on Perspoctive, Practical Geometry, and Model Drawing, are now given every week. 87.

·54 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR APROAL IRSTBOOTION. Another innovation is the establishment of a class for still-life painting. The progress of the students in this class has been most satisfactory. In the elementary classes free-hand test papers (to be worked in a given time) are given out every week. The Superintendent examines and marks them himself, and the results are put up in a conspicuous place in the classroom. The following prizes have been offered for competition among the students of the school :- His EXCELLENCY THE VICEROY.--A silver medal to be awarded to the student who at the end of the year has made the greatest progress in any of the classes under instruction. 'THE HON'BLE SIR ALFRED CROFT.-Four silver medals 1. For the best head painted from life in colours in any medium. 2. For the bost study of still-life in oils or water-colours. 3. For tho bost examplo of modelling in clay or wax. 4. For the best architectural drawing. These prizes have been instituted in connexion with the Calcutta Art Society. His IIIGHNESS THE BARA THAKUR OF TIPPERAH.-A gold medal. MAHARAJA SIR JOTENDRA MOHAN TAGORE.A silver medal. The Superintendent mentions the great assistance he has received from Mr. Ghilardi, the Assistant Principal, arl Babu Annada Prasad Bagchi, the Head Master. 88. Government Art Gallery.- The Gallery was open to the public for 124 days. The number of visitors during the year was 3,647, namely 679 Europeans, 2,515 Hindus, and 453 Muhammadans. The Gallery was closed for repairs from the 18th August to the 30th October 1888. T'he additions to the gallery during the year are two still-life studies in oil colour, purchased from Babu A. P. Bagchi. 89. Industrial Schools.—The Ranchi Industrial School has only 25 pupils, against 41 in the preceding year. The total expenditure has risen from Rs. 1,800 to Rs. 2,957, but the sale-proceeds of manufactured articles are Rs. 1,875, aguinst Rs. 532 in the preceding year. The school is still under tho charge of the third master of the Government Zillah School. The Murshidabad schools have declined from 4 to 3. The Murshidabad Technical School, established by Mr. Anderson, had 43 pupils on its rolls, against 38 in the preceding year. The two remaining classes are attached to the middle schools at Kandi and Jamua. The Calcutta S.P.G. School has given up electroplating, and teaches only carpentry. It has 30 pupils--all Native Christians-against 27 in the proceding year. Of the two Midnapur schools, the Baptist Missiou School has increased its numbers from 69 to 73, whilo in the Mahishadal School thero are 35 pupils, against 39 in the preceding year. The Bankura School has 50 pupils, as last year, and the school is said to be slowly improving. The roll number of the Madhupur School this year was 49, against 47 in the previous year, and that of the Newadah School 11, against 23. In addition to the Reverend Z. Griffin's tochnical school at Balasore, which had this year 68 pupils, 44 of them Native Christians, there is one established at Alalpur, in the same district, by Chowdhry Akhoy Narain Dass Mahapatra, Secretary of the Alalpur Middle Vernacular School. The Joint-Inspector is of opinion that the district should rest content with one school at present. A technical school has boon opened at Rangpur, in the Rajshahye Division, by the District Board. Its main object is to teach industrial arts, carpentry, and blacksmith's' work, but instruction is also afforded in froeband drawing and surveying. A technical school is said to be much required in Rangpur, as all handicrafts are at a low ebb. The school has a strong Managing Committee, and the District Engineer is the Superintendent of it. Altogether it soems to have been started with every prospect of success. No returns have been received from this school, though it is mentioned in the Inspector's report. 90. OTHER SCHOOLS.- The only one of these schools that it seems necessary to notice in this report is the Bhutia Boarding School. The numbers in tho school on the 31st March were 44, against 37 in the previous year. All the

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·E ： ག ། 82* 8/6 90 I KII No. II. L --- ala P Darjeebruar BH VT Oudh Sonrakaput Map of the Vyni Punkub Sab OF ၀၀၇har mܪܨܶܡܪ hælum SHOWING to 1.4 LOWER PROVINCES B 117 CA L Trnalpara THE EXTENT OF FEMALE EDUCATION in 1888-89. hatri VTH jaunira Balbia . Barros Ghazip A.1..UBAD o!ura ، اسلام 17.177 B hrs. nane taldak el! Saar Gundha "0.0" a Domados 1241 EN REFERENCES. 27 "Soort Class I. 2 to 5 per cent. Àlli. "TPPTRAH B Protahpur II. 1 to 2 T III. ¢ to 1 nou R IV. below Huttun l'uya kong maka Chittagong tuanische CENTRAL Swap (hazal Tur haigarki M Tiagno keerything Alpur Balas Youtla M the haladlar ital La da PROVINGES Vnut Β Α Υ 20 BE N G NG L Akvan 20 --MADRAS PRESIDENCY (hilia: Scale 1 Inch = 80 Miles or 7,000,000 nmnath 100 100 Ganjam 82 86 9,0 Rr No 286C, LDK-3-11-19 -; 96: Lucho., S I.O., Caiackte ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 55 SPROIAL INSTRUOTION. pupils, except the two Nativo Christians referred to last year, were Buddhists. Seven of the pupils were boarders, 37 day-boys. The now second master is said to be working well. The head-master reports that in August 1888 he sent two other boys to the survey party in Simla, and that he had good reports of the two who have gone there previously. He also states that some of the ex-pupils of the school made themselves useful in connexion with the Sikkim expedition. 91. During the year under report no agricultural scholar was•elected. VII.-FEMALE EDUCATION. FEMALE 92. The following statement gives the comparative statistics of schools for native girls for the last two years: EDOCATION. 1887-88. 1888.89. Schools. Pupils. Schools. Pupils. 2 206 2 226 Girls' Schools Maintained by the Department Ditto ly Municipal and District Boards Aided by the Department or by Muni cipal or District Boards Unaided 5 210 5 206 2,003 236 41,232 4,391 2,015 280 42,901 5,166 ... ... Total 2,247 46,038 2,302 47,888 Girls in boys' schools 37,785 35,079 GRAND TOTAL 2,24" 83,823 2,302 82,967 The number of girls' schools and that of their pupils have increased, while that of girls reading in boys' schools shows a slight falling off, the net result being a loss of 856 pupils under instruction. There were thrco high English and four middle English schools for girls, as in the previous year, but the number of middle vernacular schools rose from 19 to 22. Upper primary girls' schools declined from 274 to 245—a result due mainly to change of classification, 93. Lower primary-schools for girls rose from 1,947 with 35,116 pupils to 2,028 with 36,898 pupils. The following statement shows their distribution during the past two years:-- 1887-88. 1R88-89. ... ... ... ... ... ... DITIBIONS. Presidency Calcutta Burdwan Rajshalye Dacca Chittagong Patnu Bhugulpore Chota Nagpore Orissa Orissa Tributary Mehals Total Schools, 310 48 125 83 619 347 141 66 98 75 6 Pupils. 6,896 1,216 2,461 1,318 9,263 6.321 2.502 1,809 2,696 1,624 116 Schools. 316 89 171 89 641 302 201 71 100 92 6 Pupils. 7,396 1,286 3,179 1,318 9,33 4,403 3,473 1,667 2,409 1,925 130 ... .. ... ... ... 0 1,947 35,116 2,028 36,898 Therс has been an appreciablo gain in the Burdwan and Patna Divisions, while the Chittagong Division again shows a loss of schools and pupils, and the Bhagulpore Division a loss of pupils only. In the Bhagulporé Division the loss of pupils in the district of Bhagulpore was due to the reduction ordered by the District Board in the rates of rewards for teaching girls, and in Purncab to a change of classification : the loss in the Sonthal Pergunnahs has not been explained in the district report. The Assistant Inspector, Chittagong, . attributes the loss of schools in Tipperah, compensated by a gain of pupils, to the enforcement of strict rules for the grant of rewards to schools' teaching girls; the loss of schools and girls in Noakhali to the introduction of the system of payment to girls' schools according to standards of progress attained; . and the loss of girls in Chittagong to the fact that the Board ordered the examination of girls at the girls schools in situ, which the Sub-Inspectors wore unable to accomplish. The increase in the Burdwan Division is due to the ordinary process of development, while in the Patna Division it is attributed to “liberal rates of reward allowed to girls' schools."

·56 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR FRXAL EDUCATION In Calcutta the loss in schools is more apparent than real, and is mainly due to a reduction in the number of girls' classes in connection with patshalas, and to a change of classification of the schools under the American Zenana Agency, several schools being returned as separate institutions, instead of each teacher in the agency being counted as one school for the purposes of the annual returns. 94. Tho following table gives the attendance and expenditure in schools for native girls : IM OS EXPENDITURE. FROM PUBLIC FUNDA. Number of sobools. CLABB OF SCHOOLS. Number of pupils on the rolly on the 31st March 1889. FROM PRIVATE FUND. Avornge Average number on the.rolla daily attendance. monthly. Total. Provig. cix rovenues. District Municipal funds. funds Fees. Other sourcos, Rs. Rs. Rs. Ru. Ru. Bus. 2 226 220 188 17,768 4,759 122 22,037 6 205 Maintained by the Department Maintained by Municipal District Bourds Aided by the Department or by Munici. pal District Boerde Unaided 190 136 189 1,131 68 1,368 UU or 2,016 280 39,007 4,711 80,000 8,450 68,188 $2,301 3,166 47,888 22,811 11,051 2,60,206 16,820 Total 2,802 44,224 33,982 86,113 23,811 12,182 18,888 1,43,778 1,106 16,718 84,247 1,64,6634 1,88,015 3,10,021 1,21,100 95. The total expenditure from public sources was Rs. 1,21,106, against Rs. 1,17,214 in the preceding year. The contributions from private sources were Rs. 1,88,915, against Rs. 1,90,659. The total expenditure increased from Rs. 3,07,873 to Rs. 3,10,021. Municipal contributions increased from Rs. 7,266 to Rs. 12,182. 96. The progress of femalo medical education has been incidentally noticed in the account of the Medical College and the Campbell and Cuttack Medical Schools given in the section of the report dealing with special instruction. It remains only to add that in the Calcutta Medical College five female students are now reading for the University degrees in medicine, and 19 in the special cortificate clagg. Mrs. Ganguli, B.A., has passed the special certificate oxamination. From the Midwifory class 6 native dais and 8 pupil-nurses passed out with certificates. I now proceed to consider general instruction. The tables in the section on University education give the usual figures with regard to the College Department of the Bethune School. The two departmental schools for girls are the Bethune School and the Eden Female School at Dacca. Their aggregate coat was Rs. 22,637, of which Government contributed Rs. 17,756. The five municipal and Board schools cost Rs. 1,358, of which Rs. 169 were paid from the provincial rovenues, Rs. 1,131 from municipal funds, and Rs. 58 from other sources. In the 2,015 aided schools tho expenditure from public sources, including district and municipal funds, amounted to Rs. 1,02,050, or at the rate of Rs. 50 for each school, while the total expenditure was Rs. 2,69,206, or Rs. 133 a school. Theso figures include, however, schools of every dogree of cost. A fuller analysis of the returns shows that the number of grant-inaid girls' schools is 306 with 11,969 pupils, and that of schools aided from the primary, khas mehal, circle, and other grants, 1,709 with 30,332 pupils. A grant-in-aid girls' school costs Rs. 216 a year, while a primary grant school costs on an average less than Rs. 20 a year to the public funds. This circumstance confirms the opinion so often expressed by competent observers that tho further development of female education will depond upon the action of the various District and Local Boards, as these bodies are charged with the administration of the primary grant. A note of warning has, however, beon sounded from the Rajshahye Circle. The Deputy Inspector of Julpaiguri says that the withdrawal of the monthly allowance to gurus for teaching girls has checked the spread of female education. The District Board of Pubna continues to discourage mixed schools. The loss of schools in the districts of the Chittagong Division bas already been noticed.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. *57 YEMALE EDUCATION. 97. The School Department of the Bethune School contained 121 girls, against 118 in the preceding year. Tho total expenditure was Rs. 17,167, against Rs. 16,914, of which Rs. 12,476 were contributed by Govornment. The fees amounted to Rs. 4,691, against Rs. 4,276. The school passed four candidates out of five at the Entrance examination of 1889 (against two in the previous year), one of them gaining a junior scholarship. There aro special classes for drawing and music as well as needle-work. The school is under the management of a Committee with the Chief Justice as President. Proposals aro now under the consideration of Government for the accommodation of the increased number of pupils applying to be enrolled as boarders. The College Departmont has now 13 pupils, who are thus distributed :-First-year five, socond-year three, third-year two, fourth-year three. In 1889 two girls passed the First Arts examination and gained sonior scholarships out of three sent up. 98. The Eden Female School at Dacca had 105 pupils on its rolls, against 87 in the preceding year. The total cost was Rs. 5,470, of which Government paid Rs. 5,280. The fee-receipts foll off from Rs. 118 to Rs. 68, and the subscriptions from Rs. 825 to Rs. 122. The school sent up threo girls to the upper primary examination, of whom none passed. Six girls appeared at the lower primary oxamination and camo out successful. 99. The following statement summarises the expenditure on the principal institutions for female education in Calcutta that receiro Government aid. They are attended almost exclusively by native girls. The total monthly grant was Rs. 2,502, against Rs. 2,484 in the preceding year :- Pupils. Monthly grant. Rs. ... ... 597 121 216 327 1,342 ... ... 16 Ordinary grant-in-aid schools 13 Primary grant schools 3 Orphanagog 2 Training schools 4. Zonana ugoncios 22 Schools supported from zonana grants ... 1,389 738 285 04 426 1,429 .. .. ... .. . 60 Total 4,320 2,502 The two training schools are the Free Church Training School and the Church of England Zenana Mission Training School. These institutions aro intended. to prepare toachers for native schools. One of them—the Froo Church Training School—also propares pupils for tho Entrance and First Arts examinations of the Calcutta University. Threr girls from this school appeared at the Entrance examination in 1889, but were not successful. The only aided high school for native girls is the Christ Church Girls' School, under tho able management of Miss Necle. It had 70 pupils, of whom 62 were Christians, 2 Hindus, 1 Muhammadan, and 5 others." It passed one candidate at the Entrance examination of 1889. An application for a building grant for this school is now under consideration. 100. The first examination for the award of the special girls' scholarships recently sanctioned by Government for Calcutta and the neighbourhood was held during the year under report. Of the 5 middle, 10 upper primary, and 20 lower primary scholarships availablo, only 2 upper and 10 lower primary scholarships were taken up, after important relaxations of the rules had been made by Sir Alfred Croft at the instance of Mrs. Wheeler, the Inspectress of Schools, and the Inspector of Schools, Presidency Circle. The following schools were successful :- Numbor pussed. Boholarships Kaiuod, . Upper primary- Kiddorpo.e 0.8.M. Agarpara Orphanage 1 ... ... ... ... Tale online Total 3 I. .. ... ... 3 1 ... Lower primary- F.C. Orphanage Central School Agarpara Orphanago Kidderpore C.S.M. Intali Hindu Girls' Darjipara Hindu Girls' 3 1 ? 1 I.. ... 1 4 1 ... ... 1 ... Total 12 10 ... 11 ·58 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR V&NALK B110ATION. 101. The following schools were unsuccessful :-Sabhabazar C.S.M., Badurbagan C.S.M., Jhamapukur, Gurpar, Chasadhop&para, Bagbazar C.8.M., Chorebagan, Kaliprosad Dutt's Stroet, and Darpanarayan Tagore's Street. The following rules have been laid down for the award of these scholarships :- “ Lower and upper primary scholarships are confined to papils of girls' schools, and are tonable on condition of further progress in a girls' school. Middle scholarships are open to pupils in zenanas also : they are subject to no condition of further progress, and are rather of the nature of prizes for proficiency. “Candidates, in order to pass by any standard, must pass in every subjeot of that standard, one-third of the full marks in any subject being the minimum pass mark. A oandidate who has once passed by any standard shall not again be presented for examination by that or a lower standard. A candidate who has not read one full session in the school from which she appears at the examination will not ordinarily be eligible for a scholarship. “Not more than two scholarships shall ordinarily be awardable to candidates from the same school in any particular year. “A school competing at these examinations will not, without special sanotion, be allowed to bend up candidates to the ordinary examinations for boys." 102. The standards prescribed for the Calcutta examinations are found so suitable for girls schools generally that their extension to schools in the country has lately been sanctioned. As, however, no scholarships have yet been created in accordance with these standards for the mofussil districts, do large number of candidates is likely to present theuselves for examination in them. The following statement shows the results of the examinations held by the Uttarpara Fitakari Sabha, whose standards are similar to those prescribed for Calcutta :- NUMBER OF EXAMINEES AT NUMBER PASSED. SCHOTA RAHTPB OB- TAINED, DIBTRICT8. B . 12 10 13 6 2 38 28 llowrah Huxhli Burdwan Bankura Birbhun Midnapur 29 19 28 86 3 24 22 31 41 22 62 10 7 12 11 100 40 68 37 05 13 12 10 11 8 12 7 0 37 58 40 8 .. Total 102 81 29 174 21 250 46 16 CG The rosults of these examinations must be considered to be very satisfactory, when so many as 250 out of 276 candidates, or 90 per cent. of the total number, were successful. The questions which the Sabha set presupposed a moro than superficial knowlodge on the part of the girls of the subjects in which they were oxamined. 103. Most of the mofussil districts are not affected by the rosults of either of the examinations noticed abovo. In them girls compete along with boys for the different grades or departmental scholarships open to students of both sexes, needle-work in some form or other being substituted for Euclid, scienco, or zemindari accounts. The results of these examinations are summarised in the following staten rent, division by division :- NUMBER OF GIBLB PABORD AT THE NAMB OP DIVISION. Middle English "Ihminutton. Middle verducular examination. Uppor primary examination. Lower primary examination. 6 ... ... ... .. 1 1 3 1 Presidency Calcutta Burdwan Rajshabyo Dacca Chitigong Patna Bhagalpore Orissa Chota Nagpore Orissa Tributary Mehals 20 13 227 29 9 .. ... ... ... ... 7 2 3 26 1 17 ... ... 86 56 3 ... ... Total ... 1 10 49 502 The Dacca Division has achieved marvellous success, while Orissa and Chota Nagpore also show brilliant results, the Presidency Division occupying the fourth place.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 59 FEMALE EDICATION 104. Mrs. Wheeler, the Inspectress of Schools, Calcutta, has furnished the examination returns of 3,352 pupils reading in zonanas and in schools for infants in Calcutta and its neighbourhood. The results of the examination are summarisod below: NAME OF MIXerox, Namber of pupila IA. examined. IB. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. Total Number passod. rejtcted. Intanto, REMARKS. 88 ... ... II. 7 24 ... 802 870 780 690 121 173 140 82 67 12 Church of England Church of Scoiland American Diocesan Free Church Zenada Mission 80 100 98 28 66 28 38 24 364 419 SU4 143 471 480 302 .. ... 91 9 50 ... ... 200 89 11 16 6 70 26 105 In this table the results for zenanas proper and for schools are combined, 80 that it shows at one view the operations of the different agencies. Their relative success bears no proportion to the amount of grant given. Again, most of them have not yet availed themselves of the special scholarships created for Calcutta, which are open to them as well as to the ordinary schools for girls. It would be desirable to relieve Mrs. Wheeler entirely from the inspection of infant schools taught by pandits or gurus, so as to enable her to devoto her undivided attention to the inspection of zenana schools proper, to which the ordinary inspecting staff of tho Department have no access. Mrs. Wheeler also examined a number of schools not connected with the Zenana agencies. Taking the two together, she reports as follows:- “I am glad to be able to account for 4,163 girls and women under instruction. Of these, half arc infants I should say more than half; for the number is 2,165, leaving 1,998 actually examined. Of these, only 312 have failed in their standards. This is very encouraging, and I think speaks well for the work and workers. It is now over 13 years since I began my duties of Inspoctress. At that time there wero no standards and no one dreamt of uniformity. Irregularities and confusion reigned supreme, and the multiplicity of books used was alarming; only that there was no attempt at understanding or spelling on the part of the pupils." The creation of special scholarships for girls, to which reference has already been made, has the entire approval of Mrs. Wheeler. VIII.--EDUCATION OF EUROPEANS. 105. The number of European schools in Bengal is given in the following tablo, arrenged according to the various classes to which they bolong, together with the number of scholars in them on the 31st March 1989; the corresponding figures from last year's report being also given for comparison :- EDI'CATION Or. EUROPEANS. NUMBER OF SCHOLARS IN THEY ON TIIE 316T MANCIT NUMBER OF BCIIOOLS ON TAK Slot Макси CLASS Oy SchooL. 1888. 1889. 1889. 1889. Boys Girls. Total. Boys. Girls. Total. 11 KOR High Aidnd Unuided ... 13 8 7-40 668 897 838 1.937 1,004 778 803 1,60€ 1,189 SBCONDARY SCHOOLS Total 17 21 1,408 983 1,671 ; 1,124 2,795 ... Middle Government Aided Unaidod 1 29 6 1 27 6 77 1,495 305 1,448 248 79 2,880 653 80 1,411 241 2. 1,346 2,7156 9x2 141 . ... Total 96 1,817 1.698 3,512 1,792 1,488 3,220 Total for Secondary Schools 53 : 8,125 2,628 5,869 9,403 2,612 0,015 16 288 2.0 . PRIMARY SCHVOLS Aided Unuided 16 1 :: 247 23 857 01 604 84 284 23 570 97 .. Total 19 16 270 118 688 307 300 007 80 2 ... Total for Government Aided Unaided 1 06 15 68 16 77 2,422 998 . 2,999 046 77 4.821 1,041 2, 173 1,167 311 1,008 ... GRAND TOTAL POR ALL CCHOOLA 71 8,493 3,0461 0,611 ...710 2,872 (1,682 The number of aided schools is the same as last year. Two were closed and two amalgamated into one during the year, but this was counterbalanced by the transfer of three schools from the unaided list. I 2 ·60 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR EDUCATION OP EUROPLANS. a One unaided school was closed and one opened during the year, while two others submitted returns this year for the first time. These changes, and the above-mentioned transfer of three schools to the aided list, account for the decrease of one in the number of unaided schools. The number of children in both aided and unaided schools is greater than last year. 106. In the case of the high schools, four schools have been transferred from and two to the middle list, and two schools have sent in returns for the first time, the result being a total greater by four than in 1888. Besides the transfers above mentioned, the list of middlo schools has been affected by the opening of a new school, the raising of two schools from the primary to the middle grade, and the reduction of three middle schools to the primary class; the not result being a decrease of two in the number of schools. The number of primary schools is three less than last year, due to the above changes together with the closing of two schools and the amalgamation of a primary with a middle school. 107. In the following table the schools are classified according to the management, the number of children in each class being given :- PRIMARY. MIDDLE. HIGH. TOTAL. UNDER THE MANAGEMENT OF Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number of schools.of scholars. of schools. of scholars. of schools, of scholars. of schools. of scholars. 1 17 1.6 .. 0 3 1 261 168 97 3 3 82 1,978 454 167 216 6 8 1 1,122 964 177 Government Roman Catholics Church of England Various dissenting bodies Jows Armenians Railway Companies Private Individuals Others ... 1 28 14 6 2 1 10 7 3 82 3,351 1,576 441 216 68 294 415 239 1 08 ... ... ... 6 142 4 162 ... 171 ... ... i 19 3 2 244 220 ..C ... ... Total 16 667 34 3,220 21 2,796 71 6,682 . It is worthy of notice that more than half the total number of children are in schools managed by Roman Catholics. One new Roman Catholic school (St. Gregory's, Dacca) has been openod during the yuar. The Church of England schools contain nearly one-fourth of the total number of children. There has been no change in the number of these schools during the year. T'he schools connected with dissenting bodies have been reduced to fivo owing to the fact that a small Wesleyan school was closed during the year. Nine of the railway schools are supported by the East Indian Railway Company, and the tenth receivos aid from the Northern Bengal State Railway. Three of the seven private adventure schools are aided. The thrce schools classified under the head of Others are the Doveton Colloge, the Doveton Institution, and the European School at Dinapore. The only Government school is the Government Boarding School at. Kurseong. The popularity of the change in its constitution (i.e., from a mixed to a boy's school) is evinced by the fact that all the accommodation the school affords is occupied. 108. The total cost of European education in Bengal, and the total expenditure incurred by Government, are shown in the following table :- 1887-88. 1888-89. Government on pendituru (net). Total expenditure. Government of Totul expendituro. penditure (not). Rs. Rs. Bs. Rs. .. Secondary instruction Primary Scholarships Buildings Superintendence 1,04.946 9,778 3,483 31,700 23,111 6,09,499 39,981 3,483 64,041 23,111 1,19,606 9,882 3,831 92,500 26,066 6,79,196 35,414 3,691 63,265 26,065 ... ... ... .. Total ... 1,73,018 7.40.118 1,84,084 7.06,661 ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. EDUCATION OF EUROPEAN8. BLIC 61 The cost of the Government Boarding School at Kurseong exceeded the estimate by Rs. 420, but was Rs. 1,094 less than the cost in the preceding year. The sum expended in monthly grants was Rs. 1,04,078, against Rs. 97,998 in the previous year, exceeding the estimate by Rs. 3,078. This is due solely to the improvoment of the schools and the consequent better results obtained in the examinations. There is a further increase this year in the cost of scholarships, but the expenditure is not got up to the sanctioned amount. The cost of inspection in 1888-89 exceodod that of the previous year by Rs. 1,954. This is accounted for by the incroase in tho pay of the Assistant Inspector, who was promoted to act in class IV of tho superior grade from the 1st April 1888. The total Government expenditure per scholar, as well as that for tuition only (ie., exclusive of orphanage and boarding school grants), is given for each class of school in the following table :- Total Govornmont Government oxpandi. oxpenditure por turo (for tuitional purscholar, poses only) pur scholar. Rs. A. P. Rs. A. P. High schools 21 13 10 21 2 6 Middle 24 10 0 23 3 11 Primary 16 4 3 16 4 3 Schools of all classes 22 12 8 21 10 6 109. The distribution of scholars in the various divisions of the province is as follows: .. ... ... ... ... . IN PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS. DIVISIONS. Serondary schools. Primary schools, Total. 1888. 1889. 1888. 1889. 1888. 1889. ... .. 202 183 86 29 306 138 72 37 .. ... Calcutta Presidcncy Burdwan Rajshahye Dacca Chittagong Patna Bhagulpore Orissa Chota Nagpore 3,961 620 292 399 36 129 308 151 129 4A 4,163 703 378 428 36 129 333 .198 129 ... 4,005 593 251 434 69 138 246 104 124 61 4,311 731 323 471 59 138 326 138 124 61 ... ... ... ... ... 25 47 80 34 . ... ... ... ... ... Total 6,969 6,016 072 667 6,541 6,682 ... The schools in the Presidency Division are all in the suburbs of Calcutta, therefore only 24.5 per cent. of the scholars in the province are educated in the mofussil. 110. Iligh School Examination. The results of this examination for the last two years are given in tabular form below:--- NUMBER OF CANDIDATES. NUMBER WHO PASSED NAMB OP SCHOOL. 1887. 1988. In the 1st division. In the 2nd division, Total. REMARKG. Buya. Girls. Boys. Girls. 1887. 1888. 1887. 1888. 1887. 1888. . ... ... ... ... .. ... ... ... ... ... ... 10 • A teacher. ... ... ... ..C wir 10::::::: ... .. ... ... .. ... MIS O'Brien's Pratt Memorial St. James' Parochial Wenleyan Proparatory Darjeeling Girls' Welland Memorial East Indian Hailway, Nawadih Dburrumtollah Loruito Loretto Boarding, Entally La Martinière (Girls') Calcutta Girls' Calcutta Free (Girls' Departmont). M19H Stark's St. Paul's Mission .. ... 1 1 3 2 .. 1 ... ... 2 ... ... ... . ... .. ... 1 ... .. 1. 0.0 ... ... ... .. ... ve ... 1 1 .. ... 10. it ... ... PA teacher, ... Total ... 0 18 ... ... 1 2 3 2 .. Note. Before 1888 the succeAtul candidates were not classified as 1st or 2nd division. In the table the succosaful candidates in 1887 ure, for the purpose of comparison, classified according to the present rule.

·62 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR EDUCATION OF EVROPIANE. The most noticeable feature in the above table is the complete absence of candidates from boys' schools. Among the causes which have tended to produco this result, the following are probably the chief :- (@) The High School, unlike the Entrance, is a final examination : it leads to nothing beyond. (6) Although a much more difficult examination than the Entranoe, it has not proved of the same practical utility to boys in getting situations; and even in the matter of obtaining teachers' certificates, passing it has up to the present been of smaller advantage than passing the Entrance examination. The latter anomaly has now been done away with in the revised rules relating to teachers' certificates. One of the candidates in 1887 and four.in 1889 were teachers. 111. University Entrance Examination. The results, so far as they concern European schools, are given in the next table for the years 1887 and 1888:- Number of candidates. First division. Second division. Third division. Total. Scholarships kuined NAME OF SCHOOL. 1887. 1888. 1887. 1888, 1887. 1889. 1887. 1888. 1887. 1888. 1887. 1888. 6 14 ولا (4) (a) 6 .. 21 19 16 18 6 6 (d) % (0) 10 6 1 ܗ :« :ܝܕ 17 15 8 1 2 6 ... 1 2 2 4 2 .. 2 ... an 2 8 R. i i (" . 11 9 12 6 Y 1 1 2 ; us 3 > * B 3 for 2 I. ... 1. Bt. Xavier's Oollege 3. Doveton Collega 3. La Martinidro for Boys 4. Bt. Jaman's 8. Calcutta Free, Boys' Department. 6. Dhurrumtollah Loretto 7. Bt. Jonoph's Sominury, Dar. jeeling. & St. Paul's, Durjooling 9. Dovalon Institution Young Ladies. 10. La Martinidre for Girls 11, Loretto Houso 18. St. Thomas's, Howrah 18. Roberts' College 14. Calcutta Girls' 16. Mins O'Brien's Day 16. Miss Stark's 17. Pratt Memorial 18. Armenian Philanthropic Academy. 19. Loretto convent, Durjeeling 1 (9) .. 1 1 1 1 6 X. Pred sa 3 12 i ... .. . :::: wmi : 2 1 1 8 ::;::;. ... . 8 .. ... ... 1 ... ... Total 91 08 92 25 18 27 15 13 05 65 8 (a) Two nocond grade and three third grade. b) One first grado and one third grado. One third grade. (d) One second grade and one third grade. One third grade. • One second prado and one third grade, for kirls). (h) One third grade. A greater number of candidates were presented in 1888 than in 1887, but the percentage of pusses is rather smaller-68.4 against 71.4. The percentage of passes in schools other than European was 43.9. All the “High Schools B” succeeded in passing candidates. These are St. Paul's School, Darjeeling, the Dovoton School, and the Dovoton Institution. They all receive a fixed grant of Rs. 100 a month on account of their Entrance classes. 112. Scholarship Examinations.--As showing the gradual recognition of the utility of these examinations, it is intoresting to notice the yearly increase in the number of competing schools. These figuros are given below for every year in which the examination has been held :- YEAR: 1883. 1884. 1885. 1886. 1887. 18A8. Number of competing schools 14 SL 98 39 41. 46 With the single exception of La Martinière School for Boys, there is not a school of any importance in the province which does not now enter oandidates. This is the strongest possible evidence of the popularity of those examinations.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 63 113. The results for the last two years are as follows: BDUOATION OF KUBOPBANE NUMDAR OP BOCOBBSFUL CANDIDATES. Number) Number of com- Number of of abpating candidates. Bontoen. schoolN. Number Percentage of of aoholarpasses, ships gained. BIAXINATION. First division. Necond division. Third division. Total, 1887 1888 1837 1888 1887 1888 1887 1888 1887 1883 1887 1888 1887 1898 1887 18SP 1887 1888 8 9 20 23 1 S 1 12 40'0 60'9 ... Middle Scholarship Boys Girls 7 0 16 10 2 2 7 9 9 8909 90.0 9 7 29 31 2 2 1 7 19 . 17 28'9 Boys ? 89*8 Certificato Girls 10 18 46 54 1 6 1 o 2 8 19 26 10 750 Total 21 24 110 118 5 8 2 3 11 18 81 58 76 41'9 69'1 6 6 19 78 59 2 2 12 10 17 17 16 11 96 88 59-2 6807 10 11 Primary Scholarship Boys 18 LGirls 21 24 71 84 co S 11 8 28 16 17 GO 27 529 10 112 78 8 3 10 0 27 16 26 16 CS 87 60*6 599 Qortillonte Boys 16 17 Girls 18 20 122 114 9 25 13 26 24 22 20 72 67 6307 81'8 ... ... Total 30 38.3 800 12 68 36 07 73 81 61 296 109 65.1 38.2 20 GRAND TOTAL 41 48 403 418 27 20 60 88 108 91 112 106 280 286 601 69'0 20 28 ... There were rather more candidatos at the middle examination, and the peroentage of passes was much higher, but there was a considerable falling off in the number of candidates at the primary cxamination, and the percentage of passes was lower than last year. This latter was 'the result of raising the standard in arithmetic, which was found to be too low last year, and therefore not sufficiently discriminative for a competitive examination. 114. The unaided schools recognised as cfficient for the purpose of Article 103 of the Code (i.e., unaided schools in which · scholarships are tenable) are the. same as last yoar, viz. St. Xavier's, Loretto House, the Loretto Convent School at Darjeeling, La Martinière School for Girls, and the Roberts Colloge. 115. The next two tables give the result of the scholarship examination for each cohool separately:- Result of the Middle Scholarship Examination, 1888. . + NUMBER OF CAN- DIDATRS POB NUYBER OF SOCOROBBEL CANDIDATES. NAM OB BOHOOL. Numhor absont. Number of scholarwhipe gaided. Scholar. ships. Certif. cutos, First Second Third division. division. division. Total. 2 ... 2 2 1 2 400 . 1 .. ... .. . ... 1 3 1 S . OD 18 2 3 1 3 16 1 1 3 .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. .. 1... .. 1. Mies O'Brion's Day 2. Caloutta Frco Boys' Department)" 3. Darjeeling Girls' 4. Wolland Memorial 5. Bl. Paul's, Darjeeling 6. Catholic Male Orphanago 7. 86. Xavier's College 8. St. Clirysostom's 9. Bow Bazar Ilorotto 10. Calcutta Girin' 11. Dovotop Institution 12. Jewish Gi 13. Loretto Convent, Darjeeling 14. Government Boarding, Kuracons 16. Doveton Collego 16. Bt. Jamos's Parochiai 17. La Martinière (Girls') 18. Loretto Priory, Hazaribagh 19, Loretto HOUAQ 20. St. Joseph's Convent, Bunkipur Ditto ditto, Cuttack 22. Female Norial 28. Jewish Boys' 84. Roberta Collego Private students - Ni::::::::: ter wir wei: Em: :11:1::-1!11-:1111 B. :::::::::: HONORO to hold UK N 66 . :: 6 ::: ~ Ni Kemi- mi: 6 6 1 3 1 ... . ... 3 .. .. 1 1 8 1 8 2 B 1 ... .. ... .. 100 . ... I. LIO ... ... ... .." ... 2 ... .. ... ... 1. ... NA 7 ... .. 1 . OC Total ... 33 86 8 18 66 76 6 ·64 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR EDUCATION OF RUROPEANE. Result of the Primary Scholarship Examination, 1888. NUMBER OF CANDI- DATES POR NUMBER OF SUCCESSFUL CAIDIDATKB. NANT OF SCHOOL. Number absent. Number of Total. scholarships gained. Scholarships. Certifoaten. Firat Second Third division. division, division, 8 6 ... 1 ... .. ... ... . ... .. a. ... .. :ܝܙܕ 3 2 ... ... 1 .. 2 2 I ... . ... ... 28. .. .. 100 ... 2 2 6 ... II. 1 . ... 3 ... ... .. ... ... ... . .. .. ... .... ... ... 8 7 2 2 ... ... ... 1. Pratt Memorial 2. Worleynn Preparatory 8. Mida O'Brien's Day. 4. Calcutta Froo (Boys' Dapartment) 8. Ditto (Girls' Department 8. East Indian Railway, Jamalpur (Boys' Department) 7. East Indian Railway, Jamalpur (Girls' Department) 8. St. John's Parochial 9. Darjeeling Girls' 10. Government Boarding, Kurseong 11. Welland Memorial 12. East Indian Railway, Assensole 13. Rt. Paul's, Darjeeling 14. Eunt Indian Railway, Ranigungo 15. St. Paul's Mission 16. Catholio Mala Orphanage 17. East Indian Railway. Buxar 14. Loretto Priory, Hazaribagh 19. St. Xavier'a 20. St. Joseph's, Caloutta 21. $t. Chrysostom's 22. Lorotto Honso 29. St. Anthony's 24. East Indian Railway, Nawadih 26. Bow Bazar Loretto 26. St. Joneph's Convent, Rankipur 27. Dhurrumtollah Lorotto 28. Calcutta Boys' 20. St. Thomas's. Howrah 80. Calcutta Girls' 31. Protestant Wuropean, Outlack 32. Isovuton Institution 83. Jowish Boys' 84. Ditto Girls' 85. Loretto Bonrding. Entally 86. Ditto Orphanage, ditto 87. Doveton College 88, St. JAmen's 39. La Martiniora (GirlA') 40. 81. Joseph's Convont, Cuttack 41. Mr. Ardwino's Academy 42. Loretto Convent, Darjooling 44. Armenian College Privato student ... :::::::WWW wir aide: : : COMHRAN:::---i: i toi mins ... .. ... .. :::::: NON INO* *WORKN Sonovo Navarse ::::::::::: NOW! ::: Re: : : : : ..! :ܝܕ : :ܝܢ ;ܝܕܝܕ : : : : : ܕ : : : : :ܝܕ :ܢܢܦ : : : : :ܝܕ : : : :ܚܕ ; ; ow! : NOWRO WALBRONOWO POWROOMAONIWwe weemi 11-06-& NRW MP wi00:PORDENii wi PONO ;"On: : 200 m na Nanna *NN*: 100 ... 10 ... ... 2 1 ... . 2 ... ... . .. 71 ... .. ... .. 0.0 ... 8 . 2 .. ... 1 ..] .. DO ... ... 21 .. ... ... DU 18 9 9 8 2 ... ... .. Leo ... . ... .. 0 ... 1 ... ... Total 113 187 12 96 73 61 100 20) ... 116. Annual cxaminations.-The percentage of grant earned in the annual examinations by all the schools taken togethor has fallen from 73 to 71.6. In the case of primary schools it has risen from 73.9 to 74.9. Thirty-sevon schools carned a grant for singing. A singing class for the instruction of teachers was formed during the year, and is progressing favourably. and is progressing favourably. Four schools oarned a grant for drill, and in four others drill is well taught, but on account of noncompliance with the conditions laid down in the Code a grant could not be given. A prize offered by Sir Charles Elliott for the best cadet company was won by the La Martinière Company. 117. "The following tables show the percentage of possible instruction grant actually earned by the middle and primary departments of all the aided schools at the two last examinations. Middle Department. 1887-88. 1888-89. NAMB OF SCHOOL. Numbor of Numbor of scholars oli. Percentage of scholars eli. Perlontage of kibla for instruction xible for instruction instruction grant earned. iustruotion grant enrned. grant. grant. ... St. Joseph's Boarding (Pay Department) Miss O'Brien's Day Government Boarding, Kurseong Laloutta Free (Girls' Dopartment) East Indian Railway, Assensole Lorotto Priory, Hazaribagh St. Scholastica's, Chittagong Night School, Jamalpur 87.6 84 3 7706 94.3 7 21 40 6 13 46 12 18 49 1 19 2 19 86.9 86.6. .85.6 85'4 83.3 83.3 83.3 81.7 0. I. 72-5 I. ...

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUÒTION. 65 02 DUCATION OF . 1897-88. 1888-89, KUROPRANS, NAME OF SONOOL. Number of Number of scholars oli. Percentage of scholurn oli. Percentago of gibin for instruction gible for instruction instruction sraut ourned. instruction grant carucd. grant. grant. ... .. ... 26 23 .. 24 21 6 36 86-3 79.5 52.4 73.3 76.4 76 75.9 75.6 .. 47 ... ... ... ... ... 13 17 39 12 23 3 80-8 78.9 64:7 67.7 51. 80.9 14 28 39 14 26 3 79:8 69.4 6964 67.9 67.5 667 ... . ... ... . ... ... 74 18 26 5 19 20 67 74 20 16 3 21 9 54 .. ... ... 65.7 53.7 73.9 80. 86.5 64.3 62 57.7 75 86-9 43: 50 10.8 Pratt Memorial St. Thomas , Howrah Bow Bazar Loretto (Froe Department) Calcutta Girls' East Indian Railway, Jamalpur, (Boys' Department) St. Joseph's Boarding (Froe Department) Dhurrumatollah Lorotto (Pay Department) Wolland Memorial St. Michael's, Coorjee East Indian Railway, Jamalpur (Girls' Dopart. ment) Calcutta Free (Boys' Dopartment) Doveton Institution Darjoeling Girls' Wesloyan Preparatory Entally Boarding Conveut, Assensole Catholic Male Orphanage St. Chrysostom's East Indian Railway, Khagaul Bow Bazar Loretto (Pay Department) St. James's St. Paul's Mission St. Teresa's St. Anthony's ... St. Paul's, Darjeeling St. Agnes's, Howrah Cuttack Convent Entally Orphanage St. Joseph's Boarding, Bankipur Ditto Orphanage, ditto Dhurrumtollah Loretto (Frce Dopartmcat) Protestant Europcan, Cuttack Calcutta Boys' Dovoton College St. Placid's, Chittagong Europoan and Eurasian, Dacca Misses Stark's ... ... ... ... ... ... 19 23 12 5 ... 9 17 12 12 5 49 6 ... 10 ... ... 66.2 65.5 65.5 65 63.5 63.5 63.1 61.5 00:3 89.6 57.6 57.3 56.6 55.9 614 54.2 53.2 52.7 52.6 52:3 50 18.5 30.1 28.6 14.3 13.6 100 .. ... O. ... ... 53 6 8 36 21 8 ... .. ... 36 19 10 1 ... 66.1 57.1 45.8 086 66* 51.8 70 69.8 392 298 32:1 11.3 33:3 ... ... 19 ... ... ... ... 20 14 27 4 ... 11 40 1 3 2 ... ... ... ... Primary Department. . ... 72 28 ... ... . ... : : 17 7 72 43 21 15 7 121 13 9 ... ... ... 1 ... 66 .. 93-1 99:3 97.3 84.9 71.4 95.7 8006 95.6 45.2 94.4 86.3 704 56:3 82-4 80-4 83 96 82 76.3 76-5 68 91.8 84.9 82:9 88.3 754 814 91.5 78.7 .. Calcut, Frco (Girls' Department) St. Joho's Parochial Government Boarding, Kurseong East Indian Railway, Assonsole Ditto, Ranigunge St. Joseph's Boarding (Pay Department) Welland Memorial Miss O'Brien's St. John's Girls' East Indian Railway, Madhapur Calcutta Free (Boys' Dopartment) European, Dinapur European and Eurasian, Dacca St. Joseph's Boarding (Free Dopartment) St. Thomas's, Howrah St. Paul's, Darjeeling European, Saidpur Dhurrumtollah Loretto (Free Dopartment) Bow Bazar Loretto (Free Dopartment) Dhurrumtollah Lorotto (Pay Dopartment) East Indian Railway, Jamalpur (Boys' Department) St. Chrysostom's East Indian Railway,Jamalpur (Girls' Department) Protestant Europoan, Cuttack Pratt Memorial St. Paul's Mission Bow Bazar Loretto (Pay Departmont) St. Mary's Catholic Male Orphanage St. Anthony's St. Michael's, Coorjoe St. Joseph's Boarding, Bankipur St. James's Entally Orphanage St. Scholastica's, Chittagong .. 72 2.5 52 22 7 70 51 24 3 5 82 12 12 08 32 20 8 32 63 41 11 16 27 31 47 34 95 10 102 19 ... 31 36 5 46 51 38 20 16 27 32 35 32 42 9 102 96 95.9 952 943 94.1 93.2 928 89.8 88.9 885 87.4 86.6 88.1 85.7 8.1.7 84.7 83:3 80'4 80'1 80 80) 79.7 7904 78.8 78.5 78.33 77 70.6 75.9 75.2 74.7 71.6 74.5 73.6 79:1 .. ... II. ... ... ... U. 10. ... ... ... 60 69 28 20 86 17 80.1 77.5 05:7 70:1 00.9 28 21 90 19 ... ...

·60 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR EDUCATION OF 1997-88. 1868-89. EUROB'RANS. NAMB OF SCIOOL. Number of Number of scholarg eli. Porcentage of scholars oli. Parcentage of gible for instruction gible for instruction instruction grant earned. instruction Krant carnod. grunt. grant. ... ... ... .. .. 68 17 28 11 19 28 18 15 34 I.. ... ... 68.2 87.6 84 60 82.8 65.5 67.9 66.6 81.7 5402 73.4 03.6 58.) ... ... .. 26 ... .. Calcutta Girls' East Indian Railway, Busar Darjoeling Girls' St. Teresa's, Kidderpur St. Placid's, Chittagong St. James's Parochial Convent, Cuttack Wesleyan Preparatory Entally Boarding Dovoton Institution Loretto Priory, Ilazaribagh Convent, Assensole St. Joseph's Orphanage, Bankipur East Indian Railway, Nawadih St. Anne's, Entally Misses Stark's Calentta Boys' St. Stephen's St. Elizabeth's, Howrah St. Aguer's, ditto Doveton College East Indian Railway, Khagonl ... 23 16 29 71 19 18 14 24 15 18 17 26 25 17 19 21 10 33 10 24 12 21 2:3 35 15 724 72.3 70.8 69.9 69-7 68.3 68.1 67.1 66 63.3 60.9 60.5 60.2 59.6 58.7 55 63.4 481 476 41.8 37 . 20.5 ... ... ... 10 ... . ::: ... ... ... 32 23 33 9 20 26 31 16 67.2 70-9 61 46.8 31.6 54.3 868 33.1 ... ... There are two objections to regarding these tables as “ order of merit” lists. When the number of children examined is small, the result may fluctuate vory considerably from causes altogether independent of the quality of the instruction given ; for example, the presence or absence of one" weak"" child on the day of examination. This objectiun only holds in the case of small departments, and therefore the number of children eligible for instruction grant is given in every case. The second objection is that no distinction is drawn between schools teaching a large number of subjects and those teaching a few only, the consequence being that the former are placed at a disadvantage. Two schools, A and B, take up the same class subjects, but A prepares two special subjects in addition. The schools do equally well in tha subjects taken in common, but A fails to do as well in the extra work, the two special subjects. In the following table A's percentage would compare unfavourably with that of B, although A has dono all that B has done equally well, plus additional work. 118. Pupil-teachers.--The following table shows the number of pupil. teachers in the various schools on the 31st March 1888 and 1889, together with the examinations they were preparing for :- NUMBER OF PUPIL-TEACUERB PREPARING FOR TUEIR- Total. NAME OF SCHOOL. Thiril-year Examuunsation, Becond-year examiuation. First-year examination. 31st March 31st March 31st March 31st March 31st March 31st March 31st March 9186 March 1888. 1889. 1888, 1889. 1988. 1889. 1888. 1889. 2 9 1 1 .. 4 1 1 1 CON NOSO .. :: Powi i ne i Calcutta Froo (Girls' Department) Dnilo (Boys' Department) Dhurruustollah Loretto St. Paul's Mansion (Scott's Lanc)". Bow Buzar Lorotto Prolontant European, Cuttack Catholic Malo Orplunagu East Indian Kailwuy, Rantgunge. Total 1 1 8 NAMIC ..1 ... ... una ... . ... ... 1 ... ... . 8 8 9 11 7 23 18 Five of the pupil-teachers who appear on the list for 31st March 1888 resigned before the annual examination, viz. one from the Protestant European School, Cuttack, two from the Boys' Department of the Calcutta Free School, one from the Dhurrumtollah Loretto, and one from the Catholic Male Orphanage. The first-named was in his second-yoar; the rest were in their first-year. Of the 18 who went up for examination, four (all of the first-year) failed, viz. one from the Girls' Dopartment of the Free School, one from the Boys' Department of the same school, and two from the Catholic Male Orphanage. Tho first of theso is reading the first-year course again this year; the other three resigned. The three third-year pupil-teachers, having completed their course successfully,

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·WT PROW1 82 86 910 KH No. IV. L BAU Darjeeline Oudha Goraklepuar Pualba Map of the LOWER PROVINCES Sub OP Cooch Behar BIS NGA L Mengert SHOWING indi launmo Belia As a aque THE EXTENT OF MAHOMEDAN EDUCATION in 1888-89. ALLARARA) olur? B Gundeli Morenomgto 24 241 BEFERENCES "POPPERAH Serinha •Agar Class I. 21 to 30 per cent. B Hatahpur II. 11 to 20 TIR Ill. 6 to 10 Hi Toppure 3 C. R IV. 3 to 5 Butun Agra any mat gong 2. Spur Jaspur CENTRAL portáp (line) o Roig Saabrip 12 1 M muck the abulari u b Abak Angul PROVINCES Hyo RSS otale pe B A Y OF B E NG AL Abrang MADRAS PRESIDENCI 20 Scale 1 Inch = 80 Miles or 7.0.1,voo Jagannath 100 100 Graajan 82 816 90 Reg. No 2050, last-11-5.-1,292 Lubo. 8. 1. O. Caloutta ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 67 EDUCATION OF KUROPEANS. were received provisional certificates under Article 64 of the Code. The eight secondyear and the three first-year pupil-toachors who passed the examination are studying for the third and second-year examinations respectively. One secondyear pupil-teacher was transferred, after passing her examination, from St. Paul's Mission School to tho Girls' Department of the Free School. Six candidates for pupil-teachership were accopted during the year. 119. Assistant teachers. During the past year nineteen persons recognised as "assistant teachers" under section III of chapter III of the Code. The total number recognised is now 82. Three others were temporarily rocog- 'nised on condition that they should prosent themselves at certain prescribed examinations. 120. Certificate Teachers. The following table shows the number of the holders of each class of certificate on the 31st March 1888 and 1889, the new certificates issued, and the number and grade of provisional certificates made permanent during the year:- CLABS OP CERTIFICATE. Number of oprli. ficutou held on 1st April 1888. Number of certi. ficate's issued during the year. Chunges resulting from the convor- Hon of provisional into permanout Certificates during the your. Number of artı ficates held on 31st March 1898. 10 .. ... First grade 8 2 --2 ... 17 19 ... Scoad grado Provisional Permanent Provisional Pormanent Provisional 10 22 31 Third grade 1 1 11 ... 31 34 121. The Tenchers' Association forwarded during the year a number of suggestions for the revision of the Code, many of which have beon adopted. The Association now numbers among its members the heads of all the important Europoan schools in Calcutta. 122. The Catholic Orphan Press published during the year a series of arithmetics and geographies adapted to the Codu. Many of the English publishers of educational works have forwarded from time to time specimen copies of their new publications for insertion in thở office library. Teachers have now an opportunity of seeing the most modern works before selecting any particular text-book they may require. A very complete list of books recommended has been inserted in the noted to the now Codc. 123. Bruce Institution. The history and objects of this institution were fully stated in last year's report. The capital funds invested in Government securities were increased during thio year to Rs. 6,60,000. The annual income is now Rs. 26,320. At the close of tho year there were 86 girls on the foundation, distributed as follows:-Loretto School Entally, 43; Calcutta Free School, 21; St. Paul's Mission School, 2 ; Pratt Momorial school; 9 ; Calcutta Girls' School, 7; Doveton Institution for Young Ladies, 1; Protestant European Orphanage, Cuttack, 3. Ten girls were elected in August 1888. The average monthly cost of each girl on the foundation was tho same as in the previous year, namely Rs. 16-3. Mr. A. M. Nash has been appointed Governor, vice Mr. W. J. Simmons, resigned. IX.-EDUCATION OF MUHAMMADANS, EDITATION OF MCHAMADAS 124. Two Muhammadan Assistant Inspectors, Maulavi Ahmad, M.A., and Maulavi Ibrahim, B.A., have boen appointed during the year in the Eastern and Behar Circlos respectivoly. In tho instructions given to the Inspectors of these circles, tho object of their appointment has been generally described as the improvement of Muhammadan education in schools of every class. With this purpose the Assistant Inspectors are to ascertain and report to the Inspectors the special educational wants of Muhammadans, and to endeavour to acquire influence with those in authority among their co-roligionists in order to induco them to introduce into their system of education useful secular subjects, such as arithmetic, accounts, and the local vernacular. One of the points on which enquiry is particularly proscribed is the distribution of the Mohsin Fund. It is 12 ·68 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR EDUCATION OF MUHAMMADANS - to be hoped that the Assistant Inspectors may be able to make such suggestions for the allotment of this fund as will make it even more serviceable to the causo of Muhammadan oducation than it is at present. At the same time Inspectors are permitted to employ the Muhammadan Assistant Inspectors in special cases for matters of general educational administration, provided always the main objoct of their appointment, namely the improvement of Muhammadan education, is not interfered with. 125. The following table shows the number and percentage of Muhanimadan pupils in different classes of institutions: Total numbor of pupils. Number of Muhammadans. Percentage of Muhaimindans. HO Ic . ... ... ... Public Institutions Arts colleges High English schools Middle vernacular schools Upper primary schools Lower Professional colleges Tochnical schools Training Madrassas 5,168 75,991 60,8ti2 71,135 125,236 1,019,082 1,283 1,992 1,896 2,222 240 7,586 8,081 11,017 22,337 293,791 69 263 188 2,192 4.6 99 132 16.4 17.8 28.8 4.5 13-2 9.9 98.6 ... ... ... ... Total 1,364,866 345,754 25.3 ... Private Institutions Advanced Elomentary Teaching the Koran only Othor schools not conforming to depart. mental standards ... 39,998 28,168 44,958 22,801 9,535 44,956 56.5 33.8 99.9 ... 4,170 718 II. ... 17 2 Total 117,284 77,810 ... 663 GRAND TOTAL i 182,150 423,564 28.5 The total number of Muhanımadan pupils has risen from 401,671 to 423,564, and the percentage from 276 to 28.5. The incrcase has principally taken place in private institutions, in which the number of pupils is returned as 77,810, against 61,265 in tho previous year. In all public institutions, except professional colleges, technical schools, and training schools, there is a satisfactory advance. In Arts colleges there aro 240 pupils against 217, and in high English schools 7,586 against 7,092 in 1887-88. In the Presidency Division the number of Muhammadan pupils is much the same as last year, being 55,749 against 55,766. The dccrcase has taken place in public institutions, as there is an increase in the number of pupils attending private institutions. The percentage has fallen from 28.1 to 27.5. In Calcutta the total number of Muhammadan pupils has declined from 3,097 to 2,818. "ligh English schools, middle vernacular schools, and upper primary schools, show an increase, while there is a decline in middle English and lower primary schools and maktabs. These maktabs are said to teach only a few verses from the Koran, In the Burdwan Division the total number of Muhammadan pupils rose from 27,429 to 28,132, or by. 2:5 per cent. There is an increase in English schools, high and middle, and in lower primary schools, while there is a trifling loss in middlo vernacular and upper primary schools. In Midnaporo the train. ing classes attached to middle schools have been almost exclusively used for the training, of Muhammadan gurus during the year. In the Rajshahye Division the proportion of Muhammadans to the total number of pupils has fallen from 56.5 to 55.8. The proportion of Mubam. madans to the total population is 63•1. T'he figures for Bogra are the same as last year.' In Dinajpur the percentage of pupils has fallen slightly, but it is still highier by 8 than the percentage of population. In Jalpaiguri it is higher by 14. In Pubna the Muhammadans are 43.2 per cont, of the pupils, the Muhammadan inhabitants being 72'4 por cent. of the total population. In Rajshahye the corresponding figures are 54.9 and 78:4, and in Rangpur 58.1 and 60.9. In the Dacca Division the number of Muhammadan pupils has again made an advance, namely, from 120,849 to 128,937, and the percentage on the total number of pupils from 49.3 to 50-?. It is satisfactory to note that the number of Muhammadan pupils has risen in schools of all descriptions except lower primary aud indigenous for girls, where it has fallen off. As noticed in ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 69 EDCOATION OF MUHAMMADANS. the last report, Mymensingh seoms to be the most advanced district in respect of the secondary education of Muhammadans. However, the other districts have also attained better results at the various examinations than in the preceding year. In the Chittagong Division the number of Muhammadan pupils. has risen to 101,583, and the percentage to 68.3. The increase is in all classes of public institutions except the training school for masters and the guru-training classes. In private institutions there is also an increase under all heads except the schools not conforming to departmental standards. A larger number of Muhammadan pupils passed at the various examinations than in the preceding year, viz. at tho Entranco examination, 4 against 2; at the middle English, 12 against 5; at the middle vernacular, 84 against 79; at tho upper primary, 145 against 121; and at the lower primary, 455 against 271. In the Patna Division the number of Muhammadan pupils has slightly fallen in all classes of schools except middle vernacular, training, and elementary schools, but the percentage of Muhammadan pupils to the total Muhammadan population shows a slight increaso in four districts. In Mozufferpur it has Slightly declined, and in Shahabad and Durbhunga it remains stationary. Out of 278 pupils on the roll of tho Anglo-Arabic high English school at Patna, 183, or 66 per cent., were Muhammadans. In Bhagulpur the total number of Muhammadan pupils has. advanced from 19,660 to 19,762, and their percentage from 21.9 to 22:3. The Board middlo vernacular school in Puraini iu district of Monghyr is intended for Muhammadans only. In Orissa the number of Muhammadan pupils has risen from 3,065 to 3,510, and the percentage from 204 to 2-7. The percentage of Muhammadans at school is higher than the population percentage. In Balasore there are five special schools for Muhammadans, viz. one middlo vernacular and four upper primary. The former, the Beadon Madrassa, is well attcuded. Persian and Urdu are taught in addition to the middle vernacular course. Four scholarships of Rs. 5 a month, tenable by Muhammadans only, have been established in the Balasore Zillah School. Half the cost is defrayed from the Mobsin Fund, half by the Muhammadan Education Fund Committee. In the Orissa Tributary Mehals there aro 67 Muhammadans under instruction. The number of Muhammadan pupils in Chota Nagpore has advanced from 3,120 to 3,128, there being an increase of 99 in private, against a decrease of 91 in public schools. The percentage has fallen from 5-8 to 5.6. 126. The annual income of the educational portion of the Mohsin Fund is about Rs. 63,100. The following table shows the estimatod expenditure of the Fund, together with the actual expenditure undor each head for the year under report as given by the Accountant General:- 1 HEAD OF CHARGE. ... Estimated cxpouditure. Rs. 32,996 4,310 9,672 17,370 362 Actual expenditure. Rs. P. 30,389 2 11 6,858 15 11 9,022 5 9 14,784 125 Maintenance of Madrasaas Salarios of Maulavis in high schools Scholarships Short-feo payments Miscollaneous . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...... Total 64,710 ... 60,033 5 () . 127. The The following statement shows the number of Muhanımadun candidates that passed the various University and departmental examinations compared with the total number of successful candidates :- NUMBER OP SOCCESSFUL CANDIDATES. PERCENTAREN OF MUHAMMALANG- Mubanmada ns. Total. Undor iustruction, 1 :: 18 4.6 .. ... NAME OF EXAMINATION. M.A. B.A. First Arts Entranco Middlo English Vornacular Uppor primary Lower 68 366 829 1,190 961 2,882 3,140 20,017 Amonbuccessful oandidates, 1.7 4.9 3:3 4.6 09 9:02 13.4 13.8 21 64 66 242 424 2,865 ... .. 9.9 13.2 164 17.8 28.8 ... ...

·70 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR IDOCATION OF MUBAMIADAXB. The number of Muhammadan students that passed the M.A., B.A., F.A., and Entrance examinations of the year before was 1, 12, 19, and 113 respectively;. so that the only falling off is in the Entrance examination, which was probably more strict this year than in the two precoding years. The number of successful Muliammadan candidates has increased in all the departmental examinations except the lower primary. 128. The following statement. shows the general results of the central examination of Madrassas held in April 1888 and April 1889:-- 1888. 1889, MAPUABBAS. Number of First Hecond rundidaten. division, division, Third divisiOIL Total. Number of First Second candidates. division, division. Third divisiou. Total. Calcutta Dacca Chittagong. Hooglily Sassoram 84 56 72 67 51 19 7 29 10 11 7 18 12 7 22 16 13 5 69 38 31 12 48 21 17 7 19 10 10 13 16 12 3 80 46 39) 14 6 19 7 ... .. Total 208 57 37 56 150 210 90 45 186 129. The following tablo gives the results of the 1889 examination in fuller detail:- NUMBER PASSED IN TIB- Sexe oud Third Totul nuiaber division, division, pasaud. CLABBES. MADRASAAB. First division, ... 12 5 6 3 2 2 3 3 ... 1 ... 12 10 10 6 3 9 8 7 2 31 ... ... 5 3 1 2 3 ... 1 Calcutta Dacca Fourth-year class ... Chittagong Hooghly | Sasseram Calcutta Dacca Third-year class Chittagong Hooghly Calcutta Ducca Second-year class Chittagong Hooghly Calcutta Dacca First-year class ... Chittagong Hooghly Sangeran ! 1 1 1 12 4 3 11 14 4 3 2 14 7 6 6 3 1 7 4 3 1 999***************|*| 9 3 28 14 13 g 3 7 3 4 1 ... .. ... 1 1 1 Total 96 ... 44 45 185 130. Covernnent Mudrussas.- The following table compares the attendance and expenditure of all Dadrassas under Government management during the last two years. Tho Calcutta Madrassa, the Nawab of Murshidabad's Madrassa, and the Cox's Bazar Madrassa, are maintained from provincial revenues, and the rest from the Mohsin Fund MADRA88.48. Number of pula. Recoipts from Government. Total expenditure. a 1888. 1889. 1888. 1880. 1888. 1889. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. 10,036 11,261 ... ... ... Calcutta (Arabic Department) Hooghly Dacca Chittagong Cox's Bazar Madrassa, Chittagong Murshidabad Nawab's Madrassa Rajshahye 302 37 388 366 34 .. 408 60 424 401 28 59 76 11,658 2,117 13,710 8,856 600 16,899 3,020 12,984 2,380) 14,176 10,191 519 14,680 3,936 .. . 482 15,899 401 14,680 58 46 ... Total 1,229 1,456 26,417 26,332 55,869 58,866 131. Calcutta Marrassa.The number of students on the 31st March last was 1,170, against 1,183 in the preceding year. Of theso, 25 were in the College Department, 408 in the Arabic Department, 437 in the Anglo-Persian Department, and 300 in tho Colinga Branch School.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 71 EDITCATION OF MUHAMMADANS. The total expenditure was Rs. 48,867, against Rs. 48,373 in the previous year. The amount of fees and fines was Rs. 8,409, against Rs. 10,279. The falling off is partly due to the fact that in 1888 the fees for April, May, and June were collected in March, and included with the fees for that month. Twenty students were sent up for the F.A. examination, of whom ono passed in the scoond and five in the third division. Seventeen candidates went up for the Entrance examination, of whom six passed, two in each of the three divisions. The number of resident students was 605. The new boarding-house sanctioned by Government Resolution dated the 31st July 1888 contains 12 students. 132. The number of pupils in the Dacca Madrassa rose from 336 to 424- 238 in the Arabic and 180 in the Anglo-Persian Department. The receipts from fees and fines were Rs. 1,222. The number of boarders was 33, against 36 in the previous year. Nineteen candidates were sent up to the last Entrance exainination, of whom four passed-one in the second, throe in the third division. The number of students in the Chittagong Madrassa was 401, against 356 in the previous year. A sum of Rs. 1,255 was realised from fees and fines. Out of 291 students who were examined locally, 121 passed the annual examination. In the Hooghly Madrassa the number of students rose to 60. The income from fees was Rs. 208. In the Cox's Bazar Madrassa the receipts were Rs. 40 from fees, Rs. 60 from municipal funds, and Rs. 18 from subscriptions. There were 28 pupils on the rolls. In the Nawab of Murshidabad's Madrassa a gymnastic master has been appointed and a debating clul, started. The number of boarders was 16, as in the previous year. The Sitaporo Madrassa in Burdwan roccived last year Rs. 2,172 from tho Mohsin Fund. It had 60 pupils on the rolls. Maulavi Abdul Hai examined them, and reported favourably of their progress, especially in aritlımetic. The Jorghat Middle English School roccivod Rs. 480 from tho Mohsin Fund. The roll number was 55. The roll number of the Mir Ahya Madrassa went down from 147 to 108 owing to the promotion of fifty boys to the Government Madrassa and the opening of a new Madrassa, called the Anglo-Arabic Madrassa, by Maulavi Adul Udud, lately a teacher in the Government Madrassa, with a roll nunber of 218. The Sasseram Madrassa had 96 pupils on its rolls, against 105 in the previous year. The total expenditure was Rs. 6,650 against Rs. 7,000. There are two Madrassas in the Gya district--one at Gya, called Madrassa Islamya, with 111, and another at Aurungabad with 22 pupils. 133. The order to notice specially the number of institutions wholly or mainly intended for Muhammadans, with the number of their pupils, has reached this office too late for the purpose of the present report, but it will be fully carried out in subsoquent years. Meanwhile an attemột has been made in this section to givo all the information on this point that was available. X.-EDUCATION OF ABORIGINAL AND BACKWARD RACES. 134. The following statement shows the distribution of pupils of aboriginal and backward racos in oach division :-. EDICATION OF ABORIGINAL AND BACKWARD KACKS NUMBBB OF PUPILS ATTENDING DIFFERENT CLASSES OF SCHOOLS. CRERI O TOPIL ON ABORIGINAL AND OTHER BACKWAND LACRS. DIVIHION. Ilikli Middle English English, Middle veriacular. Upper Lower primary. primury. Girls. Special and privato. Total. Christinny. Non- Cliristians. 1 20 116 104 3 8 ... 18 20 11 44 97 2 4 23 28 10+ 541 2 8 DO 1 3,265 138 12 178 181 4,000 12,618 119 1,837 5 208 98 11 3 ... Providency Calcutta Burdwan Rajshahyo Vacaa ( 'hittagong Patne Bhagulpore Chotu Nuspore Orinys Do. Tributars Mohals Total > 3,416 19 182 8110 191 9,52 817 1:03 22:22 181 Bling 15,103 346 1,041 O. ... .. ... 17 745 .. 7 73 80 30 103 2 2:20 948 993 780 42 2.1.05 282 1112 20 JW 122 29 6 12.970 113 1.041 ... 150 608 243 1.611 22,701 1,287 27,2440 3,292 28.034 27,240 ·72 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR BDUCATION OF ABORIGINAL AND BACKWARD HAVES. . The total number of aboriginal pupils declined from 28,290 to 27,246, or by 1,014 pupils. The number of Christian pupils decreased by 713, and of non- Christians by 331 pupils. There was an increase in the number of pupils attending high English and uppor primary schools, and a decrease in that attending the other classes of schools, the largest decrease (880) taking place in the lower primary schools. The number of aboriginal pupils shows a falling off in all the divisions except Orissa, Patna, and Chota Nagpore. The falling off in the number of aboriginal pupils in the Presidency and Rajshahye Divisions was mainly due to a chango of classification: the decrease in the Burdwan Division has been attributod to the carelessness of the gurus who prepared the statistics. In the Dacca Division the special patshala for Manipuri boys was abolished during the year. In the Bhagulpore Division the number of aboriginal pupils fell off in the Sonthal Pergunnahs only, where the diminution in the number of pupils took place in the lower primary and girls' schools. In the Orissa Tributary Mehals, Angul, which sufferod much from scarcity, lost more aboriginal pupils than any other state. 135. In the Burdwan Division there was a slight increase of pupils in the training school for aborigines at Bhimpore, in Midnapore, under the American Baptist Mission, to which 63 lower primary schools are attached. Bankura has ond training school and 30 lowor primary schools, and Beerbhoom 13 special schools for Sonthals. There were 20 aboriginal pupils in the Darjeeling zillah school in the Rajshahye Division. In the Dacca Division there were 184 pupils in the seven model schools for the education of aboriginal tribes in the Mymonsingh district. In tho Chittagong Hill Tracts the Rangamati and Bandarban schools contained 75 and 29 pupils respectively. The lower primary schools for the education of the hill people fell from 10 to 8. In. the Patna Division most of the aboriginal pupils are Tharus, and read in 12 patsbalas in Tharuhat, the northern frontier of the Bettiah subdivision of Chumparun. In the Bhagulpore Division thero are 102 stipendiary lowor primary schools in the Sonthal Pergunnahs under tho spocial scheme for the education of the Sonthals. Two training schools have been opened-one at Haripur and the other at Taljhari, under tho management of the Church Mission Society, to train up teachers for the Sonthal schools. In the Orissa Division there is a special school for Sabars in Cuttack, and another for Sonthals in Balasore. A lower primary school has boen opened in the town of Puri for the education of Telugu fishermon, called Nolias. 136. No aboriginal pupil passed any University Examination. The following statement shows the number of aboriginal pupils who passed the departmental examinations during the yoar 1888-89:- DIVISION. Middlo English Noholarship oxainination. Middle vernacular scholarship ex. amination, Upper primary Lower primary scholarship scholarship exumination. examination. Total. HO ... ... ... ... ... . ... 2 9 1 11 1 1 !. ... "1 ... ... ... ... ... .. ... Presidency Calcutta Burdwan Majshnlıyo ulacca Chittagong Patna Blngulpore Orissa Do. Tributary Mehals Chota Nagporo Total .. ... 3 113 3 121 1 7 ... ... ... ... 2 10. +0. (a) 9 (6) 6 5 (d) 347 7 266 (r) 3 .. 9 7 15 378 409 ... (a) All Christiane, () Oue Christian. (c) One Christian, Ditto. The Chota Nagpore Division, as usual, shows the largest number of pupils of aboriginal descent, and next in order comes the Bhagulpore Division, embracing the Sonthal Pergunnabs, which contain the majority of the aboriginal pupils of that division. Accordingly, the largest number of successful candi. dates in the departmental examinations is roturnod from the Chota Nagpore Division, Bhagulpore standing second in this respect.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION 73 EDUCATION OF 137. The subjoined statement'shows the results of the educational work of the several missions in the Chota Nagpore Division for the last two years: ABORIGINAL AND BACKWARD RACES. SCHOOLS. PUPILA. EXPENDITURE. 1887-88. 1888-89. 1887-88. 1888-89. NAME OP MISSION. 1887-88. 1889-89. Mission fund. Boys. Girls. Mission fund. Total. Bogs. Girls. The Government. Total, The Government. Total. The Total. RA 04 2: 1,230 Borlin Evangelical 8.P.67. (Anglican) Fror Church (Scotoh) 86. Xuvier's 1,485 9014 89 256 206 116 784 568 8816 880 250 169 171 164 727 1.00WS 1,034 800 2,6656 2,21 2,684 908 11.615 6.801 3,878 860 2,510 11,016 2,303 7,121 2,777 4,597 371 8.005 647 139 14,281 4,019 0,3112 1,6128 40 10 13,520 9,427 7,374 8,476 R 186 Total 159 123 2,774 628 3,400 2,583 54A 8,127 7,836 22,95€ 30,8041 7,471 811,744 34,703 All the missions show an increase except the Berlin Evangelical Mission, the loss in which is explained by the non-receipt of returns from some schools under that body. XI.-INDIGENOUS EDUCATION. 138. The following table shows the statistics of indigenous schools in each division: INDIGENOUS EDUCATION, G ADVANCED. ELEMENTARY. (TARR SCHOOLR Touching the Korun, TUTAL. Arabic or Persian. Sanskrit, For boys. For girls. For buss. For girls DIVISIONS. Schools. Pupils. Schools. Pupils. Schools. Pupils. Schrols. Pupils. Schools. Pupils. Schools. Pupils. schools. Pupils. Schouls. Pupils. 455 JA 7 6 1.381 ". % 187 897 8 21 21 149 359 1030 1946 2,4191 128 101 31 SM 1:16; 12 7 151 1,178 117 13,3918 2,140) Presidency Calcuttu Buriiwan Rajshahya 1 ca Chilmgong Prona Bhugolpore Choin Nukporo Orissa Orino Tributury Mohala 219 70 672 153 13 2,034 247 1,119 33! 7,4760 2,193 1,113 807 30 807 .. 0-1 203 618 20,0:52 10,112 1,483 105 8 10 348 2,330 426 1,111 28 31 1 3 11 1 270 0.3.1 2,2030) 492 ami::::: 1,33R 1,6XXI 3,0457 1,720 44,571 23,887 2013 10,773 932 1.743 2,5636 1,412 - 103 7,31% 5,5!:) 2:7 5,262 307 to 58 2,612 311 70. 7 80 ING 3 1.40 710 6 1 1 158 60.5 Totul 2,208 24,911 1,983, 18,087 9,923 27,3.19 113 809 3,707 44,958 8113 3,996 171 11,703 117,28% The total number of institutions under this head increased from 10,048 with 96,721 pupils to 11,709 with 117,284 pupils. There was an increase in the number of all classes of institutions under this section except elementary and “other” schools for girls, in which the number of pupils also shows a falling off. The only other heading under which the number of pupils decreasod instead of increasing is that of elementary schools for boys. The loss in the total number of schools under this head in the Presidency, Burdwan, Rajshahye, and Chota Nagpore Divisions, and in Calcutta and thic Orissa Tributary Mehals, was more than counterbalanced by the increase in the other divisions. The private institutions dealt with under this head are not of exotic, but of indigenous growth in this country, and therefore do not die off rapidly. The disappearance of any school of this class from the returns of any particular year is no proof of its extinction. . As 'already stated last year, the statistics of these schools are collected with some difficulty, as the teachers have nothing to gain by supplying them. Mr. Bellett accordingly observes :- “I am pretty sure that we shall nover be able to colloct either arourate or full returns from schools of this class, unless some reward is offered to the teachers for preparing them.' It is manifest, however, that though there might have been dereliction of duty on the part of some returning officers, still tho work appears on tho whole to have been done satisfactorily, and it is only necessary for the higher K ·74 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR INDIGENOU EDUCATION, inspecting agency to insist that the instructions issued on the subject from this office in December 1887 are fully carried out. 139. The advanced maktabs increased from 1,710 to 2.208, and the increase is shared by all the divisions except Rajshahye. The pupils attending them increased from 18,832 to 24,911. The Koran schools increased on the whole from 2,635 to 3,707, and the pupils attending them from 32,773 to 44,958. The loss of these schools in some divisions is more than made up by the considerable accession in thuir nuinber in the Dacca and Chittagong Divisions. 140. The constitution of the advanced maktabs and the Koran schools was discussed in previous reports. Babu Dina Nath Sen adds:- “In the maktabs the teachers are generally men who have no other means of livelihood, and their number abounds largely in those parts. Their oduoation is very defective, and they are naturally averse to the introduction of any new system in the mode of education in vogue. The books generally taught in the higher maktabs are, in Persian, the l'and-i-namah, the Gulestan and the Bostan, all the works of the poet Sadi, and in some the Sikandarnamah of the poet Nizami, as also some books, mostly in Urdu, on the tenets and religious observances of Islam. But the system of education followed is without any definite purpose, having no organisation wbatever. These remarks are made by the Assistant Inspootor of Schools for Mahomedan Education.” Mr. Reuther also offers the following remarks with regard to the maktabs of the Patna Division “Maktabs are a class of schools often found to be maintained by Hindus of the Kayastha class for the benefit of their children. Ordinarily speaking they are, however, Mahomedan institutions. Their soalo of fees is rarely fixed, and payments made by boys vary greatly by circumstances. In maktabs maintained by Hindus the Koran is not taught : the course consists of Persian literaturo and essay-writing only. The teaching of arithmetic is entirely nogleoted, and there is no attempt at ok 38 organisation.' In the Orissa Division the best conducted maktab was that at Bhadrak, supported by Munshi Abdul Gani, an influential Mahomedan zemindar of that town. 141. The tols increased from 1,300 to 1,383, and their pupils from 12,373 to 15,087. in the Presidency Division the Government grant to the tols of Navadwipa was increased from Rs. 150 to Rs. 200 per mensem. 13 tols at Navadwipa, as before-3 teaching Lyaya (logic), 4 smriti (law), 4 belles lettres, and 2 the shastras. The Mulajore tol in the 21-Pergunnahs and Srimati Annakali Devi's tol in Murshidabad, noticed in the last report, retain their popularity. In the Rajshahye Division the Dharma Sabha of Rampore Bauleah spent Rs. 421 o. rewards to tol pundits and pupils. In the Dacca Division tho Sarasvat Somaj, noticed in the last report, awarded Rs. 1,437 as rewards to the pundits and pupils of the tols of East Bengal on the results of the examinations held in April last at the Dacca College premises. Out of 275 candidates 125 passed and obtained titles in different branches of Sanskrit lore. The Government grant to the Somaj is Rs. 500 per annum. A similar grant is enjoyed by the Behar Sanskrit Sanjivan. In the Patna Division the important aided tols were the Gautam patshala, the Madhubhani aided patshala, the Mozufferpore Dharmasanjaj aided school, and the Goorhatta aided school. The Puri Sanskrit school is the best tol in the Orissa Division. In the Orisse Tributary Mehals the Nayagarh tol continues to flourish, but the Lahara tol has ceased to exist. A new tol was started by the Raja of the Talcher state. 142. The Sanskrit Title examination was held in February. The number of candidates was 111, against 99 in the preceding year. Of these, 98 were Bengalis, 2 Uriyas, and 11 Beharis. As in previous years, the candidates were Brahmans for the most part, with 1 Navasakha, 4 Kyasthas, and 5 Vaidyas. One hundred and six candidates actually presented themselves for examination, of whom 45 passed, against 63 in the year before. There were 85 candidates for cxamination in Sanskrit literature, 3 in grammar, 13 in Hindi law, and 10 in Hindu philosophy. The total cost of the examination was Rs. 484, of which Government contributed Rs. 250, and the remainder was raised from fees paid by the candidates. There are ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 75 INDIGENOUS . EDUCATION, 143. Elementary Schools.-The elemontary schools for boys increased by 50, but their pupils decreased by 865. The elementary schools for girls decreased by 176, and the pupils by 1,286. It may be noted that many of the elementary schools with 10 pupils and upwards aro gradually absorbed into the departmental system when they adopt the departmental standards, and that many of the schools attended by less than 10 pupils have already adopted the departmental standards, but are not eligiblo to rewards from the primary grant on account of the 10-pupil rule. The Assistant Inspector of the Chota Nagpore Division accordingly hopes that the day is not far off in Chota Nagpore when the indigenous schools will be things of the past. 144. Other Schools.-- In the Rajshahyo Division the Bhutia school at Buxa in Jalpaiguri was attended by only five pupils. 145. Kyoungs. The number of kyoungs, i.e. the indigenous schools of the Mughs, was 45 with 125 pupils, against 35 with 510 pupils in the year before. These schools are reported to be of the most conservative character, and it is very difficult to introduce reforms into them; nevertheless they do useful work for the education of the Mughs. Besides these kyoungs, there are two other institutions for the Mughs:- (1) The Burmese school at Cox's Bazar.--This school was attended by 50 pupils, against 85 in the previous year. The boys learn Mughi and Bengali up to the lower primary standard. Four boys appeared at the lower primary examination and two passod, of whom one was a Mugh. A grant of Rs. 20 from the khas mehal funds was sanctioned for the school during the year. (2) Tho other is the Cox's Bazar Middle Englislı school; which had 47 Mugh boys : most of them were in the special classes intended for them. Of the seven “Other schools" returned from the Orissa Division, one is a patshala in which Telugu is taught. The bulk of “Other schools” in the Orissa Tributary Mehals were those attended exclusively by the children of Raj families. XII. PREPARATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF TEXT-BOOKS AND OTHER SCHOOL LITERATURE. TEXT BOOKS AND (THER SCHOO. LITERATI'RR. 146. THE Central Text-Book Committee for Bengal was first organised in PREPARATION AND 1875, with a President and three members. Its duty was to examino and report DISTRIBUTION OF on class-books in the subjects of history, geography, mathematics, and scienco for the middle scholarship examination. By tho Resolution of Government in the General Department dated the 7th January 1882, its functions wero greatly enlarged." The Committee was now required to report upon readers and grammars, both English and vernacular, for the scholarship standard; it was also requested to frame lists of text-books in all subjects adapted to the standard, not merely of the scholarship examination, but of every class in a middle school. In consideration of these increased duties, the Committee was from time to time enlargod, up to a total finaly of 15 members, including the President. Of these, in the year 1885, six were members of the Bengal Education Department, two belonged to other branches of the public service, four were Government pensioners, and throc were gentlemen unconnected with tho Government. The preliminary duties of the Committee have been undertaken by tive Sub-Committees, each consisting of from five to seven members. In judging of the merits of books, the Sub-Committees, and after. wards the full Committee, took into special consideration all characteristics of importance, such as mattor, manner, style, "sectarian character, language, grammar, spelling, paper, printing; &c. The first complete list of text-books, brought down to the end of the year 1887, was furnished by tho Committee in March 1888. Up to the end of 1887 about 1,200 books had been received and examined ; and after the rejoction of more than half, the list, as approved by the Committec, contained 524 books, distributed as follows:-English readers 98, English grammars 33, . 1 ·76 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. PREPARATION AND DIBTRIBUTION OF II. TEXT-BOOKS AND Ditto grammar ... OTHER SCHOOL 8 1 83 3 2 1 LITERATURK. - నిలు- ... I. 56 1 Bengali readers 208, Bengali grammars 42, history 25, geography 25, arithmetic 46, mensuration 18, geometry 6, science 23. • English readers This list was circulated to the superior inspecting Bengali readers officers for opinion. A supplementary list of 55 Ditto grammars History books, * brought down to the end of the year 1888, Geography ... was received from the Committee early in '1889, Arithmetic and was similarly circulated for opinion. Taking Science those opinions as a guide, Sir Alfred Croft prepared and published since the close of the year under report, in accordance with the terms of the Resolution above quoted, a provisional list of text-books authorised for use in middle schools. From this provisional list he excluded some 40 books to which strong objections had been raised by reporting officers; and these he remanded to tho Committee for further consideration. He also referred for consideration a number of books which do not appear in the Committee's list, but which are strongly recommended by officers whose opinions are entitled to weight. He likewise forwarded & copy of the provisional list to the Calcutta Missionary Conference, by which body, objections, chiefly on the ground of morality, were raised before the Education Commission to certain text-books in accepted use. By the light of the criticisms to be thus obtained, and of others to which the publication of the provisional list will probably give rise, and also by the aid of the further report to be i sceived from the Committee on the reference now made to it, the Director hopes to publish a finally revised list of approved text-books. The cordial thanks of Government have been communicated to the members of the Committeo for their labours, and they have been requested to furnish the Director at the end of each calendar year or oftener with supplementary lists of the books examined and approved by them during the period. As time goes on, it may be oxpectod that several of the books now approved will have become antiquated or otherwise unsuitablo, and their recommendations on this point are also invited. Sir Alfred Croft proposes to publish revised lists every year; and to these lists the choice of text-books to bo read in all public schools, whether under public or undor private management, will be confined. The Revd. K. S. Macdonald, Babu Hara Prasad Sasuri, M.A., and Babu Repin Behari Gupta, M.A., bavo recently been appointed additional members of the Committee to fill oxisting vacancies. 147. Besides the Central Text-Book Committee sitting at Calcutta, there are Branch Commitees for Behar and Orissa. The Behar Committee consists of Nawab Vilayat Ali Khan, Bahadur, C.I.E., as President, thirteon other gentlemen as members, and the Inspector of Schools, Behar Circle, as Member and Secretary. The books approved by the Committee are 181 volumes in the Kaithi or Dovanagri character, 8 Sonthali books in the Roman character, und 65 in the Urdu Persian) character, besides coloured sheet maps of Asia, Europo, and India. The Orissa Committes, consisting of 13 members, examined during the year 19 books, of which 11 were adopted as text-books. The Joint-Inspector states that special encouragement is needed for tho production of Uriya wall maps, atlases, and dictionarios, which at presont are not likely to command a remunerative sale. 148. The Calcutta School-Book Society, which receives a grant of Rs. 200 a month from Government, still serves as the chief medium for the distribution of books in the interior through its numerous agencies. But with the extension of railway and steam communication, a considerable development of private enterprise in the same direction has takon place of late years. During the yiar under report the Society sold in Calcutta, and by means of its agencies in the different parts of the country, 208,764 books, valued at Rs. 88,663. CALCUTTA, C. H. TAWNEY, Offg. Director of Public Instruction. The 23rd September 1889.

·EDICATION-GENERAL TABLE I. Abstract Return of Colleges, Schools, and scholars in the Lower Prorinces of Bengal at the end of the official year 1888-89. (For details-see General Table III.) ARBA AND POPULATION, PUBLIC INSTITUTIOF8. Private institutions. University education, School education, School educa. general. tion, special. Percentage of REMARKS. Total area in square miles, Number of towns and villages.* Population. Total of public institu. tions, Arts collegen, Profcasionul collages. Secondary schools. Primary schools. Training schools. All other special schools. Grand Total. 11 12 N 6 9 10 8 15 13 16 17 1 18 3 1 2 3,591 3,92% 3,707 863 Por males 30 1: 2,319 47,939 224 50,570 11,589 62,165 [23691 GENERAL STATISTICS. Instituticns Institutions to number of WAS villages. and 113 7 ... (For females 64 2,231 2,843 6 .. 120 2,463 94 . 3,591 4,091 8,707 870 232 Towns Villages Males females $3.917,217 34,243,361 259, 656 . 165,776 Total 32 12 2,403 50,220 28 224 52,919 11,709 64,028 24'86 Total 239,918 Total 68,160,548 • 38,993 1 26,921 | 42,092 9,963 Males 5,156 1,256 202,109 1,064,930 99S 4,937 1,279,846 111,951 1,391,797 Male scholars) to male po- ! pulation of 27-35 school-going age. Scholars... 1,015 1,237 2,876 205 (Females 12 27 6,219 79,487 215 30 85,020 5,333 30,853 1975 Pemale scholars to female po pulation of school going det + 4,170 89,998' 28,155 | 44,958 L Total 5,105 1,283 207,989 1,144,317 1,213 4,807 1,364,866 117,284 1,482,150 Tatal scholars to total population of school Buing avent 14'49 | * A town contains 3,010 inhabitants or upwards; a village cintains less than 5, an inhabitants. † The population of school-going age is taktu at 15 per cent of the whole population, ·ji EDUCATION - GENERAL TABLE II. Abstract Return of Expenditure on Public Instruction in the Lower Prorinces of Bengal for the official year 1888-89. (For details—see General Table IV.) TOTAL ISDIBBCT EXPEXDITTRE ON PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. TOTAL DIRECT EXPRXDITTRE OS PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. l'niversity education. School cducation, general. School education, special. Arts colleges. Professional colleges. Secondar. schools. Primary schools. Training schools. Total expenditurc on public instruction. All other special schools. Special grants for fur. niture and apparatus. Ale hotell University. Scholarsbips. Inspection. Directiou. Buildings. Miscellaneous. REMARKS. Total. Total Total. 18 17 10 13 14 0101 16 15 11 8 12 6 7 5 2 3 1 GENERAL ETATISTICS. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. 2,38,033 66,75,445 1,26,472 60,310 5,39,961 2,30,735 2,63,602 8,407 1,46,103 13,75,590 80,51,035 For males 6,34,039 2,86,791 80,37,359 23,95,439 83,784 L-Institations 6,16,660 .. females 6,16,060 4,915 3,39,610 2,51,460 20,275 .. 2,38,033 72,92,105 1,26,172 60,310 5,39,961 2,30,735 2,63,602 8,407 1,46,103 13,75,590 86,67,696 Total 6,38,954 2,86,791 33,76,969 26,47,299 1,04,05 ... 9:35) •18 100 1.90 13:21 7.93 37.301 2.73 11:56 11 07 3:56 62.70 8:87) 6.98 20 66' III 100' .30 8:34 21:05 .22 29.94 03 43:25: .05 70.06 •151 4611 2.-(a) Percentages of provincial expenditure included in columns 2-17 to total provincial expenditure on public instruction (6) Percentages of local fund expenditore included in columns 2-17 to total local fund expenditure on public instruction (c) Percentages of manicipal expenditure included in columns 2-17 to total municipal expenditure on public instruction (d) Percentages of total expenditure in columns 2-17 to total expenditore on public instruction #41 0 OU 3:40 29 2:08 711 -461 68.17! .881 1100 23.63' 10 92.89 -991 . 15.87 100 1.681 3 04 2.661 7:37 3:31 1.20 •101 39.96 30:54 2.75 6:23 84.13 1046 701 10 ·3.- ATERAGE ANNUAL COST OF EDUCATING EACH PUPIL IN- Cost to provincial Departmental institution municipal funds... Rs. 4. P. Rs. A. P. Rs. 4. P. Rs. A. P. Rs. A. P.' Rs. A. P. Rs. A. P.j* The annual most is calcolated on the direct expenditure only. The average cost of edacating each popil is obtained by dividing the direct expenditure by the average number on the rolla monthly during the year, 140 2 5 493 15 11 10 7 7 64 085 2 2 49 8 5 40 15 6 revenues . 1 13 5 0 27 0 7 0 Total coot 233 3 0 542 6 2 31 0 1 6 10 688 4 11 69 05 06 13 0 and | 17 15 21 0 3 9, 0 2 10 ... ... 0 12 7 Cost to provincial Nunicipal revenues... District Board Cost to district schools board and mudi. cipal funds 4 12 11 4 2 81 ... 5 0 0 Total cost 103 7 0 .00 1 9 15 8 4 10 0 .. 10 12 10 ... 23 12 11 Aided institutions I. Cost to provincial revendes... Cost to district and municipal funds... 2 4 5 0 3 625 10 7 7 8 11 098 1.! 2 0 1 ... 0 8 1 0 2 3 1 13 4 0 11 5 Total cost 139 8 10 ... 15 15 3 2 10 578 6 5 23 7 5 Unaided institutions Total cost * 8 10 Fractions of a rupee are omitted, except in the columns showing the average annual cost educating each pupil. 7 2 11 .. 45 12 51 25 2 4 16 13 11: 2 2 3:54 11 0 15 6 3. - Cost to provincial rerer: ues... Cost to district and municipal funds mos GENERAL STATISTICS. All institutions... 49 11 1 199 15 0 2 5 31 0 3 063 12 0 33 4 l; 1 12 8 1 7 11! 0 7 0 13 9 0 4 8 0 13 6 Total cost 124 6 10 231 7 11 17 3 11 31 2 9 484 74 51 647 06 $ 7 T iii ·iv GENERAL STATISTICS. EDUCATION-GEN Return of Colleges and Schools and of Scholars attending them . PUBLIO INSTITUTIONS. UNDER PUBLIC MANAGEMENT, UNDER PRIVATE MANAGEMENT. Maintained by the Depart. ment. Maintained by District or Municipal Bourds. Aided by the Department or by District or Municipal Boards. Vpaldod. OLARS OF INSTITUTIOX. Number of institutions. Yumber of scholars on the rolls on 31st March. Average nnmber on the rolls monthly during the year. Average daily attendance, Number of institutions. Number of scholan on the rolls on 31st March, Average number on the rolls montbly during the year. Average daily attendance. Number of institutions. Number of scholars on the rolls on 31st March. Average numher on the rolls monthly duricg the yea Average daily attendance. Number of institutions. Number of scholars on the rolls on 31st March. Average number on the role monthly during the year. Average daily attendance. 1 3 8 6 7 8 9 10 11 19 13 14 16 16 17 Arts Collogos. English 11 1,678 1,04 1,373 65 50 49 069 986 808 13 2,681 2,447 1,816 USIVERSITY EDUCATION. COLLEGES OR DEPARTMENTS OP COLLEGES FOR PROFESSIONAL TRAINING. ... 807 728 689 ... II.... ..... ..... ...... ..... LAW Medicina (Engineering .. 0 1 1 128 148 200 123 200 172 106 195 101 .. ..... 13. ..... ... ..000 ...... ...... .. .. 1... III. Total 19 2,010 2,199 1,835 1 65 60 7 959 $180 B03 17 3,888 3,176 2,104 ... Secondary Schools. 49 For Boys- High schools ... English Middlo English ... Vernucular For Girls 19,889 1,340 3,009 13,651 1,3:35 2,873 11,116 1,110 2,098 0 12 103 1,402 937 9,494 1,987 870 8,438 1,070 690 6,872 167 679 016 26,503 43,657 49,998 20,442 20,307 40,7. Mi 31,832 46,468 30,227 117 195 111 32,783 91,568 12.SINO 11,997 7,216 0,078 26,202 3,310 6,211 ... 36 2 220 920 188 .. ...... .. Iligh schoolo ... English ... Middle English Verngoular 6 20 782 1.797 1,858 714 1.706 1,328 S 1 519 1,239 1,010 353 181 .... 838 M 829 103 UNISI. ...... ... .... 1..... SCHOOL EDUCATION-GENERAL. Total 95 18,517 17,079 14,607 181 11,863 10,696 8,432 1,700 *24,166 116,439 91,334 427 59,46360,077 411,155 .. Primary Schools. For Boys- Uppr primary lower 101 6 8 207 107 203 91 126 70 16 10 406 840 278 178 386 2,896 36,162 104,777 890,707 100,000 78,9033 744,067 614, 143 108 6,308 5,750 4,481 8,079 150,857 130,200 107, 420 .. For Girls 208 1116 136 Upper primury Lower 296 1.761 ... R,261 32,097 7,784 6,699 30,018 28,466 13 208 994 4,239 BOB 8,888 594 2,016 .. Total 14 314 209 35 093 042 884 41,049 980,532 8A1,960 722,463 9,128 102,478 149,802 115,416 | Schools for Special Instrur. tion. . . ... .....1 ...... ..... 1 10 172 78+ 103 7:10 183 679 . 280 235 181 ... .. I... .... ..... ...... 1.1.01 SCAGOJ, EDCCA. TION-SPKCIAL 109 004 653 426 .. .....4 18 194 22 106 6 8 1 3 81 15 238 30 16 231 26 16 190 ... II. 27 183 "... 800 ... 06 1. ... 598 273 . 808 ..... ... ...... .... ... I.NO ...... 1003 613 318 25 1,466 7 830 218 ... Schoul of Art Training schools for mnniers Guru-training classe wached to { middle schools Training nohools for luist reanus... Medical schools Survey Industrial, Madrasah (Other schools Totai ... TOTAL OF COLLEGEA ANT) SCHOOL.N OM PUBLIC 1xSTRUCTION 1..... 1,086 118 786 21 7 1 109 771 10 1,495 38 DU ..... 02 640 16 ...... II. 8 2 107 104 50 I.1. ..1.. .... 90% 4,016 8,640 3,238 24 905 861 040 26 1,189 1,172 977 I. .... 830 24,800 24,267 10,775 217 12,001 11,096 8,066 427741,108,601 1,000,234 816,248 9,688 290,018 195,820 188,952 110 .10 ... ... 1. .. .00 10 .. I ... I. .. ... . (1, ADVANCED, teaching (a) Arabic or Porsian (6) Ranskrit 2. ELEMENTARY, teaching a vernacular only or mainly (a) With 10 pupils and upwards (6) With long than 10 pupila 8. ELEMENTARY, touching the Koran only 4. OTIEK SCHOOLs not conforming to departmental standards . PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS .. For boys girls girls For boys boys 60 ... .00 .. ... .. .. .. .01 ... ► girl ... Total GRAND TOTAL (a) No returns of 188 ·GENERAL STATISTICS. ERAL TABLE III. in the Lower Provinces of Bengal for the official year 1888-89. . NUMBER OP BOHOLARS ON THE 31ST OP MARCI LEARNING CLASSIFICATION OF ASTROLARA ON TAR 318T OP MARCI ACCORDING TO EACH OR CREED. Aboriginos, REMARKS, Grand total of public institutions, Grand total of scholars on the 31st of March. A classical language. A vernacular language. Europeans and Eurasians. Yatire Christians (non-aboriginal). Number of girls in boys' schools, Number of boys in girls' schools. Muhammadans. English Non-Christinns. Hindus Christians. Others. 18 19 20 21 22 23 280 238 24 25 82 8,168 8,106 3,827 02 28 4,762 210 ...... 86 ...... 12 • Exclusivo of tho Bishop's College and the Roberts' Momorial College, which fur. nished no general roturus. 10 1 S70 DO 936 148 2010 935 148 200 3 6 66 23 3 3 171 27 ... 44 6,451 6,389) 3,827 167 30 6,804 299 6 930 39 920 795 1,325 74,660 68,836 69,777 72,603 40,491 0,6-16 37,094 1,040 285 89,712 1,490 470 57,084 (a) 1,496 (a) 80% 10,722 2 131 64,849 7,591 66 (a) 44,158) (a) 8.081 (a) 455 58,224 10,991 14 8 (a) 47 173 (a) 260 183 61 401 696 229) 2 HEIDI 11 21 1,331 1,828 1,838 1,252 1,408 203 2005 27% 280 104 1,358 1,001 2,722 4 187 72 927 59 1 126 360 ... 180 299 21 ...... ... 2 2, 403 207,098 120,112 39,016 168,380 (a) 6,663 (a) 1,-472 (a) 172, +17| (a)21, (*+1 (a) 677 (a) 902 (a) 677 1,058 400 280 .. 3,0815 41,86-4 116,776 982,120 1,041 483 227 60,056 116,484 97-4,789 426 • 1,896 40,727 008,310 22,190 287,641 160 1,760 1,1-15 20,941 3,166 31,210 1.6+15 10 709 303 1+1 252 2.020 9,100 36,9518 5 1,367 9,118 36,752 305 1,290 8,13471 28,373 268 355 21 87 205 1,015 805 50,220 1,144,317 2,840 01,015 1,138,187 842 3,917 795,787 316,128 2,530 23,016 2,288 34,351 1,310 9 1 922 .... .. 172 1,094 ...... 4.10. ...... 49 .... 053 105 716! 1,027 61 80 120 3 ... 88 .. 197 3 16 2 ... 179 0 27 13 9 5 141 2 2 7 2 17 15 .. 083 209 831 818 470 2,222 172 100 07 126 70 012 663 182 784 193 298 487 189 500 52 709 278 250 80 120 11.9. ... 1.. 8 12 16 7 82 111 40 107 2,192 1 26 14 .. 2,128 ...1. ...... ...... ...... S ...19 .... ... 3 252 0,110 1,103 2,706 3,723 19 282 2,825 2,648 126 162 61 CS 2 18,019 1,304,888 135,044 107,794 1,308,220 (a) 6,481 (a) 6,701 (a) 976 893 (a) 345,761| (a) 8,246 (a)23,530 | (a) 3,125 35,546 1,708 Wiki 16 22.601 ...... 1.1.1. 1,051 101 .....6 ..0.00 24,011 16,087 24,301 10,081 ... ... 2,3101 16,087 1,015 ..... 1:11. III. 10.00 ..... 01 ... 10 219 5,808 14883 1149 18 8/185 98 9,707 0 .01.16 ..... 1 1 2,040 78 1,878 140 44,487 1.182 218 0,086 190 21,304 613 44,958 8,800 174 .00 8,174 186 20,603 569 485 3,461 174 2,145 02 16,818 888 2 2,465 108 3,789 141 5,369 14 44,960 706 12 185 8 S ...... I. 2,876 46 8633 89 15 85 178 9 615 ... 7 18 15 .... ..... ..... HI 11,709 117,284 120 38,324 51 77,810 424 .... 856 4,37 24 89,182 82,298 20 196,070 1,340,618 (a)8,481 (a) 0,721 84,628 1,482,150 130,084 (a) 1,016,217|(a)423,604 (a) 3,207 (a)23,054 (4) 3,780 80,920 1,792 papils from St. Michael's School, Coorjou.

·GENERAL STATISTICS. EDUCATIONGEN Return of Expenditure on Public Instruction in the Lower PUBLIC INSTI UNDER PUBLIC MANAGEMENT. Maintained by the Department. Maintained by District or Municipal Boards, OBJECTS OF EXPENDITURB. Provincial revenues. Endowments and other sour. ces. Municipal funds. District funds. Subscriptions. Provincial revenues. District funds. Endowments and other sour ces. Municipal frnds. Subscriptions. Fees. Total. Pees. 1 2 3 6 7 8 10 11 12 18 14 18 UNIV>BSITT EDUCATION, Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Ks. Rs. Rs. ko. Re. BA. Arts Colloges. 2,30,409 ... 1,39,191 19,785 3,88,888 1,059 ... . ... 2,221 2,828 ... 0,103 .. ... English Colloses or Departmonts of Colleges for Professiona Truining. ... .. 1. ... 501 ... ... ... ... ... --4,451 1,89,755 05,224 8,319 7,612 7,003 1.. 1. .00 ! ... ... ... ... ... ...... ...... 1,021 4,889 1,91,867 72,227 14,786 6,61,848 1,059 ... .. U... ..... 14. HOLIO 4,74,837 1,82,125 . ... 10. 2,221 2,8:3 6,108 Taw Medicine Engineering Total University Education SECONDARY EDUCATION. Iligh and Middle Schools. For Dogs High schools English Middle schools English Vurnucular For Girla- High schools English Middlu schools English Voryacular 450 .. ... II. ... u09 .. 1,39,706 27,376 10,609 8,815 2,98,462 0,18 610 21,828 4,318 10,394 800 19,659 4.59,257 2,209 6,375 20,240 400 43 49,301 240 2,887) 1,720 9,295 1,120 184 26,207 840,840 1,219 20,2 0,06 28,874 9,008 88,270 ... . ... 218 10 .. 17,766 4,759 192 22,837 . ... 100 ... ..DIO ... 1. ... ..... ... ..... ..... ... II. ... ..... . . ... ... O... .. ... 1,88,340 8,240 3,94,953 6,064 19,888 6,67,40% 2,014 43,138 8,314 49,767 8.882 668 1,06,768 119 1,032 1,181 198 7 ... 400 ... b. ... .. . 886 (d) 261 1,002 1,748 1,263 838 840 ... ... ... ... ... ..... ... 109 58 1,131 ... 00 1,368 ... ... ..... ... 100 ..... ... ..... . ... .. ...... . P... Total Secondary Schools PRIMARY EDUCATION, Primary Schools (Pernacular). For Boya Uppor primary Lowor primary For Girls Upper primary Lower primary Total Primary Schools SPECIAL EDUCATION. Schools for Special Instruction. School of Art Tining schools for mastorg Guri-truinira asis Training schols for wistreASOB Medical scbools Survey schools Industrial schools Madrangus Other schools 1,870 121 1,801 198 189 1,1972,790 08 7 ..... 4,850 II. ... 8,709 ... ... 00 . ... ... ... ... 26,462 87,768 1,437 4,874 28 98 29,171 70,206 5,816 D. . .. .00 ... .... ... ..... ... 4.... ... ...... 00 000 00 1. .00 .00 ...... ... . ... ...13 ... 103 826 ... ... .. PI ... .... 16,694 8,604 ... ... ... ... ... DIO ... 91,888 6,906 7,178 20,332 4,184 99,171 10,609 2,067 38,865 ... .. R. .. .. ... . ... I 1,788 18 47,700 . 00 4,686 9. ... ... ... ... ... ... .. ... .00 ... ... ... w ... .. . Total Special Schools %,18,630 1,879 88 23,617 181 30,178 2,80,878 sas ... ... ..ou *** .... .00 .. .11 .. .. .. 1..100 .. ... 100 ... 19... ... ... ..... ... . ..... •1. .. .. .ee ... . ... 186 706 ...... 10 ... P.. 12,871 8,717 071 POO 00 . . I.. 48,099 210), 419 82,189 217 01,604 870 24,186 83,310 4,809 217 134 . Osso. |(2)160 ... ...... u. 881 (0)410 4,808 644 .. . .. 8. ... ...... 1,086 .. 4. 1941. ... .. ... ... 3.000 ..... 1.888 8,098 207 20 2,973 8,708 892 188 248 100 .. OD .. ..... ... PO .... 1100 (d)128 818 1,610 1,299 1,849 I ..... ... ... 100 0.100 University Diruotion laspuction Arta colleges Professional collexos Boholarship held in Becondary schools Primary schools Spurial schools othor than truining schwols Buildings Furniture and apparatus (special crants only) Miscellaneous- Hostel charros Cbargos for abolished schools Charcha for conducting examinations Prizon and rewards Coutingunoios and miscellaneous ... Total TOTAL EXPENDITURE ON PODLIC INSTRUCTION .. . . ... .. . ...... ... A. .. sen ... ... .. .. 100 sadno. . .. ... ... 200 . I9100 40... Joule aan .. 1,007 700 1,806 074 674 804 300 1,118 (d)6B 66 87 (d)180 1,10,218 414 800 10 10,163 1,80,099 8,618 2,404 6001 946 296 9,125 9,49,806 1,870 8,761 6,27,005 0,240 84,008 16,21,778 9,258 48,734 11,170 18,178 8,840 3,784 1,28,3,455 188 ... .. 00 a. . .. 2.0 .. ... .... . (a) Includes R#. 260 from provincial rovonues. (0) Excludne ks. 250 translerred to column 27. fr) Includes Rs. 697 puid from the Khond Mehal ceos in the Orissu Tributary Mobalo. (d) Paid from ditto ditto ditto. () Includes Rs. 81,748 drawn from provincial roVADUOS on account of Government senior and junior scholarships. ) Excludes Rs. 31,743 transferred to column 27. luoludes Rs. 1,879 being tho cxpenditury of two aided Ranskrit schools transferred to indigenous instruction, (11) Ditto R. svo being the expendituro of one unaidod school ditto ditto ditto.

·GENERAL STATISTICS. vii ERAL TABLE IV. Provinces of Bengal for the official year 1888-89. TUTIONS. UNDER PRIVATE MANAGEMENT. TOTAL EXPENDITUBE PROM- Alded by the Department or by District or Municipal Boards, Unaided. GRAXI) REMARKS. TOTAL. Provincial revenues. Endowments and other sour. ces, Municipal funds. Endowments and other sources. District funds. Subscriptions, Subscriptions. Prorincial revenues. District funds, Nuuicipal funds. All other sources. Fees. Total. Fees. Fees. 16 17 18 19 20 22 23 28 27 28 29 80 31 32 33 Rs. Ra. Rs. Re. Rs. RN. ks. Rs. Rs. Rs, Rs. Ru. Rs. Rs. Re. Rs. Ry. 29,455 47,902 (a) 80,100 I... 24,0A$ 41,926 1,37,401 81,880 (6) 2,71,263 1,12,618 ..... 1,12,0262,65,173 8,38,954 ...... 18,308 ...... 18,308 ...... ...... ..... ... 1,021 50 ..... 29,197 1,91,367 ...... ...... -4,151 1,83,765 63,2 ... 26,027 7,612 7,0033 ...... ...... .... ..... ..... 72,227 23,455 47,092 24,088 21.926 1,37,401 (1,00,167 30.166 1,30,333 4,!.9,701 8,12,505 1,19,639 9,25,746 1,03,918 611,033 44,757 (1)310 1,17,201 74,200 19,571 10,313 7,397 3,40,415 1,995,046 1,20,005 90,009 | 79,874 1,72,231 19,075 81,1263 4,070 6,34,233 6,06,673 68,891 1,66,385 1 7,20.919 2,38,492 6,61,362 309,9905 411.798 11,571 899,27 77,618 8,19,175 13,669 14,204 7,810 35,583 65,460 316 1,19,851 1,14,800 28,201 11,85,810 12.618 2,60,671 12,935 1,71,160 4,18,974 18,52,253 2,52,111 7,12,468 1,16,086 4,72,211 80,270 ..... ...... ..... 22,7920 85,0733 8,008 300 4,330 ..... 40,552 37,173 8,1108 6,880 10,611 1,20,063 8,007 391,600) 1,51,92 199,00 8,380 42,628 3,77,837 1,62,876 18,37,939 5,31,147 1,27,803 1,75,766 8,54,800 89,035 6.),683 2,684 360 4,880 17,113 18,5037 27,450 1, 12,700 1,54,992 12,1128 2,6548 72 2,66,185 1,91,919 42,021 8,18,102 4,5+1,039 2,33,0143 68,381 17,47,499 8,79,362 33,70,969 44,820 (3) 1,20,370 2,919 1,60,50+ 18,713 87,806 11,870) 3,68,358 9,037 4,118 9,561 1,03,212 1,11,617 17,38,836 2,19,830 28,703 2-4,927 45,861 1,21,256 89,571,88,120 9,670 1,59,852 69,4253,89,970 9,285 13,61,974 2,60,510 20,06,439 89,733 2,87,86 8,283 11,39,112 2,61,620 27,719 38,661 21,650% 1,250 21,489) 62,202 41,520 1,32,477 1,113 408 697 10,020 4,023 1,120 1,339 12,136 6,038 34,3 21,608 1,950 21,489 3,650) 3,702 10,818 7,2.2 9,519 10,410 3,79% 6,016 17,513 : 13,00,571 01.988 1,46,3R99 61,370 1,05,471 4,09,162 27,17,209 1,03,83+ 4,30,97% 2,34.814 1,05,711 23 899,509 2,22,965 47.530 80,950 3,01.416 1,95.873 4,32,11! 20,303 10,29,836 3,709 09.00 .... ...... ...... ...... 4,059 . 1.437 28 II. 8,329 0,298 1,017 6,480 3,572 2,008 13,329 1,017 19,400 60 4,094 7,768 75 817 104 75 875 4,919 00 58 3,042 ...... 01... $13 25,402 783,016343 5,991 5,180 81,888 0.90)3 2,737 21,3:32 4,791 10,583 1,666 ..... ..... .... 29,171 83 781 6,419 201,073 1,01,00:20 10,509 3,250 70,838 7,952 ...... 4,152 20,630 3,00.1 8 6,274 283 1,585 399 1,851 1,918 ...10. 1,919 6,764 124 (0)3,344 588 30 2,878 102 8,327 639) 11,78 (h)474 399 60 39 (1,086 38,087 2, 486 ..... 000.. 057 892 263 .....1 III. 14,087 851 4,847 16,186 7,623 4,628 4,80% 9,242 18,670 2,32,672 1,879 930 98,400 68,212 3,19.0112 .... ..... 1..... IS0 •. ...... 1,26,472 .... ... ...... ...... .... 0010. ... .OR... 9,01,017 (7)893 ...11 ..... (e) 82.32 11,068 1,867 12,016 32,632 00,310 3,35,627 02,30+ 200,419 83,507 7,830 2.0.2 19,65 3,717 2,273 607 1,26,47: 60,310 5,3:1,9801 1,07,:17 21,1:34 $0:18 9,6-41 ...... ...... ..... ..... ...... 186 139 282 ..... 892 170 I. 29,471 6,407 5,482 ..... 90,188 6,707 3,744 4-40 186 104 312 410 104 110 t... ...... ...... ..... ... JUI. ..... ...... .... 1,408 47,418 8,199 1,236 1,126 14,801 16,318 200 ...... 2,785 128 1,498 82,7513 4,712 46,460 120 8,762 27 2,318 1,78.313 (m)2,061 4,006 2,816 80,710 147 1,085 81,897 1,334 2,123 203 3,393 2,03,013 8,407 e..... .... JOIN 1 ... ...... 11.0 7,812 185 1.54 205 1,134 6,08 148 4,010 2:21 3,8399 ... 6,995 20,103 24.5811 20.00) (i7,23 ..... 4,209 128 4,892 1,097 4,268 12,489 (0)185 16,928 126 120 14,331 870 1,302 1,872 19 12 2,609 99,910365 7,819 10,042 230 18,091 1924 924 8,807 10,576 458 2,601 8,119 304 304 24,009 (734.813 1,10,860 29,198 3,467 16,171 18,949 1,77,075 1,700 60,789 48,86% 1,01,431 8,23,971 2.-5,0 18,06,887 0,62,028 03,852 21,77,012 0,68,178 3,87,070 45,98,016 8,80,000 2,31,014 2,95,000 14,06,088 22,07,750 99,54,850 ...... ...10. 0,1!! 1,37,819 1.24,950 13,75,691 85.:47 37,144,000 10,61,616 86,07,0:15 C (i) Includes RN 648 paid froin tho coas fund in tho Rnjshahye Division, Ditto RH, 226 ditto ditto ditto. (k) Dino Re, 1,317 ditto ditto ditto. Dirto kn. 240 pard from the Khond Mehal cena fund in () $42Tributors Meh:18, (m) Ditto Is, 112 pud from the con funil in the Rajshabgo LIVidon. (11) Ditto kn, 65 ditto ditio ditto. Ditto Rs. 180 paid from thu Khond Vebul coss lund in Orissu Trilutury Mohal...

·EDICATION--GENERAL TABLE V. viii Return of the Stages of Instruction of Pupils in Public Schools for General Education in the Lower Provinces of Bengal at the end of the official year 1888-89. HIGA STAGE. MIDDLE STAGE. CPPER PRIMARY STAGE. LOWER PRIYABY STAGR. Comprising all pupils who comprising all pupils who comprising all papils who comprising all pupils who have not passed beyond the Lower have passed beyond the hare passed beyond the have passed beyond the Primary Stage. Middle Stage, but hare pot Upper Primary stage, but Lower Primary Stage, but passed the Matriculation hare not passed beyond the bare not passed befond the Examination. Middle Stage. l'pper Primary Stage. Reading printed books, Not reading printed books. TOTAL. CLAAS OP SCHOOLS. Number of pnpils on the rolla on SINO March. Number of schools. Boys. Girls. Tata. Boys. Girls. Total. Bovi. Girls. Total. Boys. Girls. Total Boys. Girls. Total. Boss. Girls, Total. SECONDARY SCHOOLS. Boys' Schools. 13,882 .. 5,836 6,836 4,223 4,223 2,600 2,600 1,196 1,196 27 ... 27 1.1.1. 13,882 13,832 ...... .. ..... ...110 ...I ..... .... 110.. 1. ...... ... High English ...... 1.. ...RI. 19.1. .... I!.! ...... 8 157 117 16. 1.402 26,593 32,783 438 7,139 10,947 49S 7,139 10,348 509 8,298 9,576 509 8,299 9.576 13 233 6.736 7,891 167 4,174 238 6.743 7,882 19 1 13 9 167 4,197 4,737 218 236 8 4 220 240 1.402 26,547 32,768 1,4112 26,583 82,783 16 •10 Departmental District Fund Municipal | Aided (Unaided ... Departmental District Fund Municipal 1 Aided Unaided ..! .10.1 1 .." 7 QUOD N I. Middle English $94 149 26 8,604 1,895 1,340 747 210 43,657 12,950 9 3 670 195 394 149 26 8,633 1,838 10$ 446 239 48 19 235 3, +62 488 240 109 19,638 6,323 GENERAL STATISTICS. 10 110 27 2,880 1,157 ..... 10 117 27 2,945 1,191 1,338 739 210 43,407 12,810 242 109 18,800 6,411 ...... 1,340 747 210 45,157 12,080 43 13,278 3,477 2 63 .. 23 3 43 15 ..... 114 8S 250 140 .... ...1. 1 24 8 $8 ... ..... PI... Departmental District Fund Middle Vernacular Municipal Aided Cnaided 85 169 4 916 111 3,069 9,143 346 49,193 7,216 >L 736 1,562 61 9,214 1,125 734 1,563 61 9,218 1,125 6185 2,249 98 12,772 1,388 665 2,536 93 12,740 1,885 1,194 3,608 *06 22,017 3,054 1.195 3,632 10 22,312 3,103 468 1,704 81 5,547 1,070 475 1,711 81 3,685 1,100 3,061 9,112 846 49,628 7,134 3,089 9,148 346 49,848 7,216 .. 13 18 32 8 295 49 141 30 470 ...I. ...OP t... Total 2,349 2,03,371 23,878 1 29,829 46,858 +7 46,405 52,511 111 52,622 66,090 68,686 13,676 303 13,8292,02,313 1,055 2,03,371 Girls' Schools. 2 226 82 82 13 18 87 37 119 119 226 ... .... .... ..... ...le ..... 226 I. .... ... B... ..... ..... ..... ... .. High English ( Departmental i District Fund ... { Municipal Aided Unaided .... ... DI... ...... ... I.... 4.00 10.O. ... 11 ... ... 43 17 150 6 8 168 752 853 43 17 232 101 232 lvl 172 95 161 61 33 S3 91 46 68 83 684 205 79 752 353 .. 15 41 #11.. ... ... ... 4.11 ...... ...... .... 1... ..... ... ...... ..... ...... ..... ..... .. ..PIPO ...00 Middle English Departmental District Fund Municipal Aided (Unaided 0. ... .... ... OPI. ... 01... ...... ..... ..... ... 20 ...... 522 19... 1,797 131 838 24 346 25 26 91 $$$ 13 410 13 4:8 21 319 26 146 21 376 43 271 1,826 203 1,797 131 69 1. .. 101 11.00 ..... **.16 din . 1... ..... ..... 0.0.0 ...... .... 1 ...1 ...... ur. IIIII . ...... ... .... .. ... llepartmental District Fund Middle Fernacular Municipal Aided (Unaided .. 1.. 1.1. ... .... 1. ...... .... O... ... .... .. 1,358 134 128 ..... 3 245 247 10 798 808 171 INI. 175 1,837 21 .. 001 ..... 1,358 101... 2000 .. ... ... ....16 1..... 6.00 DO... 10. Total 54 4,617 ... 112 112 19 837 849 48 996 974 136 1,557 1,493 280 729 989 III. 456 4,161 4,617 TOTAL SECONDARY SCHOOLS 2,403 207,988 23,928 118 23,911 46,370 884 47,25+ 59,559 1,137 53,6:28 66,228 2,153 68,879 19,786 1,032 14,818 202,769 5,219 207,988 ·* PRIMARY SCHOOL. For Boys. 06 51 49 65 205 207 11.1. apena •.00 .. 1.. .... 11. Departmental District Fund Upper Primary ... {Municipal i Aided .. 90 142 81 63,443 3,616 207 2:39 195 108,777 6,368 33 20,250 IEPIR 32 20,101 1,089 6 2,895 168 149 1,315 80 23,672 1,552 93 30 1,532 78 192 106,781 6,209 85 84,946 1,630 93 30 195 108,777 6,368 2,998 159 78 ..... 1,062 1 II (Unaided.... 90 139 80 61,916 3, 38 83 25 147 512,412 72,938 IDIO .. 107 8 OR... ... U... .. .... ..... 88 25 147 524,865 74,305 18 14 172 288,808 73,830 Departmental District Fund Municipal 1 Aided (Unaided 19 17 174 303,590 76,314 106 39 321 409,500 147,945 3 2 14,782 2,435 1 S 2 27,297 8,912 ... 107 42 $23 830,787 1511,957 DII.. .act Lower Frimary 2 2,273 177 ..v... 63 7 .. 7 13 36,152 8,579 106 2,335 178 12,453 1,427 ..... 14. 830,707 150,857 NI ODIO sele. 130 23,780 215 23,995 631,373 15,494 666,367 388,237 18,672 406,909 1,063,520 130 $4,581 1,697,901 Total 47,999 1,097,901 1.... 00 For Girls. ..... ...16 IR ...... ... 1. "... ..... 2.II ... .... 215 ...11 ...... 0.. Departmental District Fund Upper Primary i... Municipal | Aided ... 01.0 ...1 ... 4 80 03 4,792 661 93 4,618 638 7,488 89 2.783 $29 205 8,21 496 630 75 :.. ..... 8S 2,813 838 645 75 174 3 11 11 i 205 8,261 994 263 82 ... 962 ...). 10.10 234 13 1. ... (Unaided... ...... ... .. 10. ..11. DIS 1 1 ... .... .. .. ...r. ...... .... .. ..... ..... 13,500 2,055 1. .. ..... .. ..... (Departmental Distnct Fund Municipal Aided .. ..!! .....! ...... 52# Lower Primary 18,144 2,109 125 1 18,668 2,178 123 1 395 30 13,904 2,085 921 94 31,776 4,165 32,697 4,259 10 II. 1,761 .... I..... ..... ... 32,097 4,-59 263 ...... Unaided ... 1.1.1. .. 11 ! 11 859 870 765 25,522 26,287 534 18,714 19,248 11 1,811) 45,106 46,416 2,237 46,416 Total GENERAL STATISTICS. 23,791 24,865 652,138 1,076 111 41,016 693,154 838, 771 37,386 426,167 1,084,830 130 11 79,487 1,144,317 50,220 1141,317 Total Primary Schools HI 47,395 76,850 78,411 2,111 719,361 43,109 761,533 409,537 38,418 40,975 1,267,599 895 84,706 1,352,805 GRAND TOTAL (POR SECONDARY ASD PRINARI SCHOOLS) 46,500 23,911 23,829 62,623 1,352,305 113 II. ix ·X GENERAL STATISTICS. EDUCATION-GENERAL TABLE VI. Return shorcing the Results of Prescribed Examinations in the Lorder Provinces of Bengal for the official year 1888-89. --- ---- BEL NrWBER OP INSTITUTIONS BENDING EXAMINEKS. NUMBER OF EXAMINEES. NUMBER L'ABSED. RACK OR CREED OF PASSED MCHOLARO. public Abori. gin-1 races NATURE OF EXAMINATION. uuder Institutions management. Aided institutions. Other institutions. under public Institutions mnangement. Aided institutions. Other institutions. Prirate students. under public Institutions management. Aided institutions. Other institutions. Private students. Europeans and Eurasians. Native Cbristians. Total. 5 Total. Total. Non-Christians. Hindus. z Muhammadans. Christians. Others. 3 4 6 ] OC 11 12 14 16 10a 16 160 16€ ArlCOLLEGE 1. Master of Arts 6 8 3 11 29 19 14 110 29 16 9 08 1 ... 2. Bacbelor of Arts 7 ... 9 5 16 310 205 3$7 180 1,082 149 66 12 .." 23 306 11 318 18 19 ... }5}: 9. First examination in Arts 7 12 31 008 388 1,138 101 . 2,290 230 127 1203 9 099 18 500 21 21 . ... 11 03 202 3533 40 147 187 1 20 ... ... 1.0 ... COLLEAES FOR PROTEBBIONAL TRAIN- INC Lau. 1. jloponre in Law 2. Barliclor of Luw Medicine 1. First M.B. 2. DO. L.M.8. 3. Second M.B. Do, L.M.8. Engineering 1. B.E. 2. First examination in Engi. pooring 3. L.E. ... . 1 1 1 1 26 20 10) 23 8 11:2 7 16 11 7 15 ... 1 1 ... > Religion not known. ... 0. 1 1 2 2 I. 1. 1 1 8 ... 1 1 13 8 .. ... 13 8 1 ... SCUOOLS FOR GENERAL EDUCATION- 164 101 1,1433 313 7 401 1,164 2,111 J2 61 1,243 187 4 1,17+ 10 Ditto 288 +33 6 789 10 .. ditto. 87% 418 60 76 30 . 3 60 9 1 Girls Boys 13 GINN Boys 159 Girly . 11 4,829 437 3 . 1,5805 28 4,115 1165 12 3,183 1.. 741 93 13 013 2,181 8.9 2,682 242 1. Matriculntion 2. Middle English Acholar. ship Examination. 3. Middle vernacnlar schol. Arship examination. 4. Uppr primary Ncholar. hip (xanimation. 6. Lower primary scholur. sluip examinationi. 6 12 722 1. 1.19 11 1 Boys 10 33 340 1,0:12 51 1,7-49:28 201 2,898 1997 77 201,097 198 818 2 424 1 2,490 0 2,733 85 17,350 390 14 2 142 2,149 31 101 10,032 4 218 1 6,11 53 3-6,911 080 30 Girl Boys Girls 12 3,180 3! 24.017 435 S 6 806 403 35,786 686 2,8415 20 1 377 212 ROUOOLA FOR ATRCIAL INBTRUC- TION. Training school esamiation-For Manters 7 7 602 63 636 871 10) 381 I Religion not known. ... ... J Including tho municipal collcgo at Midnaporo. + Including one fuluulo. Excluding one candidate who having failed in Comparativo Anntomy only at the first M.B. oxumuuatiuu was declared to have passou ide tirst L.M.S. usunination.

·EDUCATION-GENERAL TABLE VII.

·xii GENERAL STATISTICS. EDUCATION -GENERAL Return showing the Distribution of District Board and Municipal Expenditure on V EXPENDITURE BY DISTRICT BOARDS ON PUBLIO INSTRUCTION. IN INSTITUTIONS MAINTAINED BY DISTRICT BOARDS. IN INSTITUTIONS MAINTAINED BY OBJECTS OY EXPENDITURE. Number of institutions. Yumber of scholars on the rolls on tlie 31st of March. number on the rolls monthly during the year. Average Average daily attendance. Provincial revenues. and other sources. Endowments Municipal funds. Total District Fund expend''uro on Public Instruction. District funde. Private persons or Associations. Subscriptions. The Department. Municipal Boards. Feeg. Total 1 2 8 6 6 8 9 10 11 12 18 14 16 HECONDARY DUCATION. Iwo. Rus.. Ro. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. RH. Rs. Rs. Iligh and Middle Schools. . Fur Boys.com Ilixh schools 818 916 ! .. ... . .. .. IP English English Vernaculur... 747 096 654 ... 2,5€ 2,892 1,718 7,131 10. ... Middlo 1,10,710 1,19,303 74,280 1,14,806 10 .. ... 189 9,148 8,154 6,480 3 40,546 19,463) 0,021 51 66,006 ... ... Hur (lirli High uchools .. ... ... . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . English S English Vornucular... IL . ... ... ... Middle > ... 72 ... 72 Total 168 1,8955 8,860 7,6131 8143,133 do 22,206 7,783 31 79,197 ... 1,91,361 2,34,4:17 PRIMARY EDTCATION. Primary Schools. . For Boys Upror primary 9 228 ... 210 152 880 173 7 1,0667 .. 1,20,148 1,21,032 .. .. Lowor 2 42 38 20 ... 261 251 ... 12,86,582 2,80,803 . ... ... For Girls Uppur primary .. ... ... ... ... .. .. ... ... ... ... 1,250 1,260 21,489 21,480 Lowor .. Y. .. . .. 11 ... ... .. Total 11 270 264 178 1,197 178 ... . ... 71,318 ... ... 3 ... 4,29,437 4,80,574 *** . B. ... ... ... ... 1,197 1,487 ... 432 .. .. .. . .. SCHOOL EDUCATION, SPECIAL. Schouls .lor Sparinl Instruction.. Trnining Schools tor Mentora Guru-l 'aining Clusso Training Schools for Mistroskog Meelical Schools .., Survey Schools Industrial Schools ... Madrasah ... Other Schools ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. ... 1. ... ... ... 1. ... ... 1 ... 10 ... ... . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. ... . ... ... ... PO ... .. ... .. ... Totul . ... ... ... 1,479 . 1,879 ... ... INSPECTION ... ... ... II 18,007 2,01,017 ... . ... ... SCHOLARSHIPS IELD IN - ... 2,807 .. ... 2,807 ... .. ... 180 186) Secondary schools. Primary .. Special schools other than truining soliools 903 90 104 ... 104 17 .. 19 ... BUILDINGS 360 80 yo 100 ... .. 620 ... 1,124 (1)1,999 ... ... ... I. FURNITURE AND APPARATUS (special grants only)... 908 080 ... ... .. ... OU .. ... . ... 1,070 2,814 (k) 17,656 79,603 M18CELIAN KOCS ... ... ... 500 .. . ... .. . Total 2.009 1,318 80 20 100 4,849 ... 38,706' 2,85,869 GRAND TOTAL 179 10,168 9,104 7,212 8,0018 48,888 80 22,468 7,788 188 78,004 1.879 8,69,607 9,62,619 (a) Exc!ugivo of Rey 16) 1). Do, Do. Do. Do. .848 paid from thu ooss fund in the Rajshahye Division, 8,481 paid from the municipal funds in Caloutta. 224 paid from tho oeus fund in the Hajshahye Division. 6917 paid from the Khond Mebal 0oss fund in the Orinas Tributary Mehals. 1,817 paid from the ces fund in the Rajshnhye Division. 1,002 vaid from the Khond Mehal oods und in the Orisan Tributary Mebals. • Exolusive of Rs. 410 in Orissa Tributarv ·GENERAL STATISTICS. xiii TABLE VII. . Public Instruction in the Lower Provinces of Bengal for the official year 1888-89. . EXPENDITURE BY MUNICIPAL BOARDS ON PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. IN INSTITUTIONS MAINTAINED BY MUNICIPAL BOARDS IN INSTITUTIONS MAINTAINED BY other REMARKS, and Nuinber of institutions. Number of scholars on the rolls on the 31st of March. Average number on the rolls monthly during the year. dverage daily attendance. espenditure of District and Muni. cipal Boards on Public Instruction, Total Provincial rerenues. expenditure on Manicipal Public Instruction. Total The Municipal funds. Private persons or Associa. # District funds. Subscriptions. Endowments sources. The Department. District Bards. tions, S : Fres. 17 18 19 26 27 29 30 S1 32 Rs. Rs. Ru. hs. Ry. Bs. RuN. Rs. Rs. Ru. RA. Rs. 6 1,402 1,887 1,070 2,260 6,870 20,210 400 450 28,826 3,315 19,571 28,201 28,577 ... 8 210 174 180 240 1,720 ... 463 11+ 2,697 615 10,313 12,618 1,81,951 . 4 816 284 192 ... 1,219 700 187 2,210 4,319 7,397 | 19,035 1,27,741 ... ... ... ... ... 880 ... 860 10 380 ... ... ... .... (6) 899 (6)899 at ... 971 ... ... 13 1.058 1,815 1,398 2,5(189: 8,8314 21,462 649 037 33,671 8,249 38,040 55,103 2,89,600 1 28 S1 24 ... 8-1 2,910 ... 2,179 ... 1,24,011 (1)60 (1)... .. ... ... 8,283 8,283 2,98,046 205 1616 130 169 1,131 58 1,358 2,619 3,650 4.900 ... ... .. ... ... ... ... ... 1. 3,792 ... 3,702 I. 23,241 .. 283 227 161) 109 1,191 18 1,42 17,613 18,70+ 4,19,278 . ... II. .. ... ... 28 28 ... 1,465 ... ... ... . .. .. ... ... ... 00 ... 60 ... ... . 60 .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. ... ... .. . 909 999 . ... 1 . S09 .. ... .. 60 ... ... CO) ... ... 60 892 . I. ... 302 ... . 392 88 861 . 939 ... ... .. I. 2,818 ... ... ... ... (6)153 ... %,C1,172 69 ... 10. 130(h)192 .. ... 59 ... ... ... 378 * .. ... . . ... I. 10 104 LU 1. ... ... .. ... SA 68 50 2,538 2,028 .R. ... 4,802 ... ... ... 111 101 ... .. ... sed ... I 04:28 2,042 OB ... ... 676 ... ... 1,404 ... 81,013 121 121 J. ... 50 ... 8,863 1,802 .60 ... 2,90,471 19 2,191 2,072 1.568 2,678 9,626 21,466 707 637 88,194 8,387 60,267 ... 79,548 10,32,107 Exclusive of Rs. 240 paid from the Khond Mobal cuss fund in the Orissa Tributary Mehals. Do. 180 to ditto dittto, Do. 11% paid from the CenR fund in the Rajahahye Dission, Do. 126 paid from the Khond Mohal cosa fund in the (rimau Tributary Mehals, Do. 65 paid from the cosa fund in the Rajshahye Division, Do. 884 ditto ditto ditto. Mehals, which is not shown in General Table VII.

·xiv SUBSIDIARY TABLE I. Return of Schools aided from the Grant-in-aid Allotment, the Circle Grant, the Khas Mehal Grant, District Funds, or Municipal Funds in the Loirer Provinces of Bengal during the year 1888-89. RECEIVED FROY- CLAss or Schoola. Xumher of schouls. omber of scholars. Prorincial rest:Oues. District fonds. Municipal funds. Fets. Subscriptions. Endowments and other sources, Total. REXARKS. 1 S 4 5 6 S 9 10 11 Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. R9. Ra, 253 2 ... ...... . I. .... 8 {? .P.I. ... ... ... 316 ! 746 149 82 90 36 127 1 00 21,013 7,239 5,643 3 .. 63 183 250 194 25, 15 7,350 9.12 1.726 3,775 70 195 1,176 6,949 3.591) 1,973 5,298 , 195 $7,642 26.4165 20,60% 4.653 5,258 1,920 2.127 8,003 84,76 12,117 1.80 3,572 2,1-18 14,799 1.119 2, +75 1,181 1,367 A.-GBAXT-ISALD SCHOOLS (DEPARTXBSTAL). MAC SCHOOL INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL For Masters TRAIXISG SCHOOLS Mistresses High English Middle FOR BOYS Vernacular Upper Primary Lower High English... Viddle POB GIRLS Vernacular Upper Primary Lower Total ... B.-CIRCLE SCHOOLS (DBPABTIENTAL). Middle Vernacular POR BOYS Upper Primary Loser Middle Vernacular POB GIRLS Cpper Primary Lower 4,99! 2.50, 815 29.432 41,429 1,163 1,63 1,516 817 2,699 8,269 627 154 1.470 4 659 7.758 79,307 30,363 13, 191 3,633 4.730 2, 419 923 18,725 47,311 31,653 Rs. 1,453 4,53 13,529 19,0 4,53,91 84,166 84,119 19,977 12,433 5,838 4,564 42,187 1,15.627 46,947 ... ...1 .. 1 ... ...I 21 181 99 360 4,389 2. 47 761 502 8,386 23,508 1,784 .... ..... 813 60,282 2,15,327 1,216 42,326 3,39,620 2,19,216 62,718 2,10,123 ... 54 203 190 29 8,148 4,649 713 23,127 11,519 1,743 5113 132 16,039 6,500) 603 1,462 520 430 133 130 41.341 19.131 2,863 .... - . ...... ..... ...... 1 1 24 2D ...... ... er.... 62 156 ... 156 ... .. IGI... 856 .. 13,66+ 36,927 723 5% 23,382 2.412 263 63,746 GENERAL. STATISTICS. 01... POB BOYO Total C.-KRAB MERAL SCHOOLS. Middle Vernacular l'pper Primary Lower Middle Fernacular Upper Primary Lower .. . 6 142 1,552 393 6.097 30,5+8 533 8. YAS 15,810 32 99 20% 517 6.713 48.714 428 1,315 s, tujs 223 8,366 1,557 16,720 71,651 .. - 10. lus ... . . II. . ...... FOR GIRLS .. 196 31 809 6- 19 108 367 25 131 .. 24 2 1,721 .. 86,287 25.091 138 327 56,129 5,260 3,705 90,649 .. . ..... .. Total D.-SCHOOLS AIDED BY DICTRICT BOARDS CNDBR THE GRANT-IN-AID RULES. Middle English Vernacular For Boys Upper Primary Lower Middle English POR GIRLS Vernacular Cpper Primary Lower 457 483 8 7 49 61 197 1,16.236 66, il 32,094 24,937 817 182 1,23,577 59,676 571 .. 1,22,201 59,421 638 .. 1,343 3,66,7n3 1,87,063 1,809 600 . . ..... ... vet ... 276 ...... . ... ...... ... ... ..... .... .. ... .. .. .... .610 ...... . ...... ...... ...... .. ..... ...... ...... 935 53,450 237 1,83,943 1,83,824 1,A2,182 5,985 5,66,173 ... 2:7 . .... ..... ... ... . Total B.- SCHOOLS ADDED BY MCNICIPALITIES. High Ecglish.., Middle FOR BOTg Vernacular Upper Primary Lower High English ... Middle POR GIRLS Vernacular Upper Primary Lower 22 13 28 286 1,727 1.641 1,017 1,924 9,898 2,260 2,7112 1.+10 1,618 6,050 18,547 5.825 2,793 1,571. 12,350 1,724 3,502 1,143 . 620 735 22.758 12,973 6,418 3,880 20.163 ... ... I 198 23 970 13 23 ... de.. . ..... I... 1. . ...... . ... ..... .... .... ..... ..! . ... ... ... I. ... 4 45 135 1,181 ... 393 1,920 69 34 109 644 1, 102 1,095 8,43 ... ... Total .. 16,7133 179 16,382 41,184 9,668 2,367 69,780 LOWER PRIMARY SCHOOLS FOR BOTS BTPPORTED TROY THE FUXDS OF THE MAHARAJA OF CHOTA NAGPOBB ... . ... .. 176 ..... 105 167 15 287 ·SUBSIDIARY TABLB II. Return of Expenditure from the Primary Grant in the Louer Prorinces of Bengal during the year 1888-89. (a)-STIPENDIARY SCHOOLS. RECBIVING STIPRXDS OSLY. RECEITISG OTHER PAYMENTS. CLASS OP SCHOOL:. Total payments of stipendiary schools. Nomber of schools. Yumber of pupils on 31st Jarch. Amount: id in stirenda. Yuniber of schools. Number of pupils on 31st March. schools, Amount paid in rewards after esaurination to teachers. Imount paid in stipends. Other payments to teachers. Total paid, Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. 65 2 .. 01. Por Boys Middle tnper primary (Lower primary . 1,490 1, +33 3.071 511,507 46,397 3,937 71.119 16,361 71 32.71% 63,217 1113 43 590 58,033 28 5,1110 11,710 131 56,216 70,953 2,586 1,185 3,968 1,27,833 1,17,514 2.147 ... ...... .....6 For Girls Middle Upper primary 1 73 .535 162 2,023 9,796 141 4,129 18.105 6 87 2,048 256 2,957 800 24 326 3,481 72 4,435 16,586 2,70,480 Total 3,567 111,971 1,39,323 2.501 98,219 1,19,95+ 17,362 3,8*1 1.31,157 (b)-NOX-STIPENDIARY SCHOOLS. SESDISG PCPILS FOB EXAMINATIOX. Nor SENDING PUPILE FOR EXAMINATION, CLASB OP SCHOOLS. Total payments to non-stipendiary schvols. Number of schools, Amnunt raid in rewaris alter examination to teachers. Number of pupils on 31st Varch. Other payments to teachers. Total paid. Number of schools. Vumher of pupiis od 31st March, Parments to teacher. Total paid. GENERAL STATISTICS. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. ..... 1. For Boys .. 2 366 27,500 76 12,723 6,22,483 10 9.1946 2,26,814 410 10,348 10 9.10 2,37,413 8 3,529 256 54,267 27 3,16) 27 3,100 10 9,483 2,40,378 Middle Cpper primary Lower primary Middle l'pper primars Lower primary Total 0. 1... ..... ... Por Girls ..... ...... .. 1 641 48 10,471 3 7,318 41 2,492 9,683 392 4,127 1,266 1,248 10,854 28,516 6,45,310 2, 43,079 13,531 2,36,610 3,839 63,290 4,453 4,433 2,61,083 SUMARY OF PAYMENTS FROM THE PRIMARY GRAYT. Rs. DETAILS OF OTHER PATIENTS. Rs. 2,70,490 II ... .00 2,01,003 ... 100 ... .. ... To stipendiary schools (5) ... , nonotipendiary schools (3) ,, indigenous (prirate) schools for registration e cost of prizes other payments (including charges for abolished schouls)* 1,623 ... ... ... 10 . ... !!! .. 21.709 .. . . ... 11 II. ... Chief gumis and inspecting pundits Charges for abolished schools Contingencies and miscellaneous Grants for unildings and furniture Contributions to circle s hools Sholarships Remuneration to examiners Copimission for money-orders Rewards Stipendiars grant to khas mehal schools Stipnds to primary fund middl. rernacular schools Pumil-teachers under training in normal schools Examinativu charges .. 87.688 14,175 9,961) 7,0til .920 1,481 2, +27 8,977 101 3.628 4.37 1,13 10,4)* ... .. . 1, +8,121 11. ... ... ... Total ps men 7,03,001 .. .. 11 . Total ... 1,49,121 Total primary allotment 7.73,369 AX W. H. D'C.-Reg. No. 26784–585-5-10-82.

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·GENERAL DEPARTMENT. EDUCATION, CALCUTTA, TIR 21st NOVEMBER 1889. RESOLUTION. Number under instruction. in upper REAL) Tho Toport on Publio Instruction in Bengal for tho year 1888-89. The subject has been ably dealt with by Mr. C. II. Tawnoy, 0.1.F., the Officiating Director of Public Instruction, wlio, wlıile submitting a sufficient account of tho yoar's work, has considerably curtailed tho dimensions to which tlose annual reports formerly extonderd. The wishos of Government in this rospect have boen correctly indorstood, the intention being tliat details should be inore minutely gono into ouly in alternate years. The punctuality with which tho roport has boou submitted on tho prescribed dato is noticod with particular satisfaction by the Liontonant-Governor. 2. At the close of tho yoаr the number of pupils borne on the rolls of the different educational institutions in the l'rovince was 1,482,150, being 29,205 more than in 1885. The increase lias been at the rate of two per cont., and fairly corresponds with the supposed annual growth of the population. While the proportioa between those who receivo some form of instruction and the illiterate has thus remained stationary, there has been it very marked expansion of higher education, the increaso in colleges being at the rate of 1.7 per cent., in high English schools at the rate of 8 per cent., in iniddlo English schools at the rate of t per cont., primary schools at the rate of 2 per cont., whilo in lower vernacular schools there has, on the contrary, loen a decreaso of 9 per cont. The comparatively rapid proud among the upper and midillo riesses of instruction in its higlior forms is all the more satisfactory, because it is the result, not 10 much of any increase in the expendituro of Government, as of the offorts of the people themselves, and of thoir growing approciation of the loenefit which their children derive from education; but it is an object of regret that there is no such spontaneous tendency towards the diffusion of clementary knowledge among the misses, the great majority of whom are still illiterate. The Olliciating Director of Public Instruction estimates that only one boy in four is boruo on the rolls of some school, and one girl in fifty-seven, while it is notorious that in the lower primary schools, a considerable proportion of the children thus registered as under instruction nevor really learn to read and write. These figures aro not unsatisfactory with reference to the moans at the command of Government, or by comparison with other purts of India ; but they iwicara how wide is the field for future exertions, It should be constantly lorne in mind that it is the policy of Government to extend the advantages of clementary education is widely as may be possible, and that the result of : yours work can never be considered altogether good unloss some progress has been made in this direction. 3. The system of controlling public instruction through District Buardi, introduced under Act III (B.C.) of 188.7, has now been in force for two completo y21's, and on its administration the progress of popular cucation in great meastro depends. The Lieutenant-Governor observes with pleasure that the Oficiaring Director considers the general aspect of the relations between the Boards and the Depart ment to be satisfactory. The casos in which the educational proceedings of the Boards, 24 roported, appear open to exception, love we noticed in it Resolution rocently issued on the working of these local bodies during the year; it will be sufficient liero to observe that the defects to lxc: guarded against, an'l of which instances are host common, are the diversion of funds allotteri for primary education to purposes more directly useful to the classes from whom the members of Boards are Trawn, and the substitution of stipendiary schools, which afford patronage, and givo suporior instruction to a fow, for the system of payment by results, which alone touches the masses. In order to prevent the: Administration in its lower branches, ·4. Financial. ( 2 ) friction which is occasionally felt at present, the Officiating Director recommends that cvory Board should appoint a Standing Educational Comunittee ; that tho Deputy Inspector of cach district should be a momber of the Board, as also of the Cominittee; and that Boards should furnish Circle Inspectors with copies of their educational procoedings. The second of those proposals has been already adopted by Government: the others appear primi fucie to bo reasonable, and Sir Alfred Croft will be requested to submit them separately for consideration, with an expression of his opinion. Rules for the bottor conduct of tho odlucational work of Boards havo recently been published for public criticism, and the subject is one which receives the constant attention of the Department. It is the object of the Lioutonant-Governor to enlist the full and hearty co-operation of tho members of the Boards in the work of public instruction, giving to them ample powers for its promotion, but at the same time offering through the trained officers of the Dopartinent, and ly rules of gonerul application, tho guidance necessary to socuro uniformity and system. The budget estimate for exponditure on education during the year was Rs. 21,49,587 ; the actual expenditure, according to the accounts furnished by the Accountant- General, amounted to Rs. 2-4,18,197, boing Rs. 8,610 in excoss. On the other hand, thio receipts wero Rs. 0,2:3,674 against an estimate of Rs. 5,38,660, showing in increase of Rs. 85,014, and the net result to Provincial revenue was better than, the forecast ly Rs. 70,104. The Lieutenant-Governor is happy to recogniso that the officors of the Educationai Department show a due sonso of the importanco of respecting financial limits, and of adhering to budget arrangements. Tlioru wils no very material alteration in the distribution of the allotmont from Provincial funds among the clifferent heads of instruction, but a comparison with the rosults obtained in 1887-88 shows that, so far as there has boen any change, it has been in the direction of a decrease in the expenditure on colleges, and an increase in the other branches, p:trticularly in the outlay on special or technical education, Iu Bongal the Goverment allotment is but a moclerate part of the whole expenditure, the contributions from private sources during the year, including fees, amounting to Rs. 17,19,000, being Rs. 2,55,000 in excess of wliat was rocovered last year. The tendoney in regard to fees, the largest branch of the educational recoipts, is to an increase from collegiate and secondary schools, it decrease from primary schools. The expenditure from District Funds, assigned from Provincial revenues for educational purposes, rose from Rs. 9,29,000 to Rs. 9,:):),000, that from Municipal Funds from Rs. 80,000 to Rs. 86,000, and in one of these cases, as in that of the Provincial grant, there was an increaso under the houd of primary education; yet the total expenditure of this class fell slightly, owing to the deficiency in private contributions from Rs. 21,165,000 to Rs. 2:1,95,000. 3. The accounts f inspection work are, so far as the inferior grailes of inspecting ollicers are concerned, indicutive rather Inspection. of plıysical activity, than of thorough work. In Shahabaul the Deputy Inspector is reported to have been on tour for 318 days, and to have visited 5336 selivols in situ; in Chupra a Sub-Inspector on an average travelled 21.2 milos and visiter 5:0 schools per diom, in addition to 116 schools exa ined by luim iu central gatherirgx; while the eclucation clerk of Manbhoom, in his capacity of c.-ofjirio Sul-Inspector, and having only the primary schools of the Sidder sulxlivision to inspect, (overed a distance of 2,243 miles in 85 days. The incompatibility of luster with useful inspoction work is painfully clear, and the Lieutenant-Governor regrets to sootho rapidity with which Sub-Inspectors have more attributed in many casos to a desiro to earn travelling allowance: it is imporutive that extravagant and perfunctory touring slund be not only persistently discouraged, as Mr. Tawnoy remarks, but positively prohibitel. The precautiou agruinst tours being arranged otherwiso than with a view to the public servico suggested in last yeur's Resolution was a rulo prescribing the submission for approval beforehand of programmes of intended tours : this plan is said to have been tried without success in some districts, and is condemned as impracticable by the Officiating Director of l'ublic Instruction and a majority of Circle Inspectors. It would, no doubt, impose an inconvenient burden on the superior officers of tho Department: but tho Lieuteunnt-Governor must insist that the abuse, of which so many instances are given in the report, shall be checkod in this or in some other way. It is noticed that tho Officiating Director, while cloarly indicating where sub-inspecting oflicors have errod, makos no mention of any disciplinary orders issued by Inspoctors or tho retrenchment of extravagant bills for travelling allowance.

·an ( 3 ) Tho necessity for such steps may not ariso, as the Government of India has recently given tho Local Government power to reinovo what is admitted on all hands to bo a temptation by pormitting Sub-Inspectors and Doputy Inspcctors of Schools to exchange daily allowance for mileage; but Mr. Tawnoy appears to be under a misapprolionsion in stating that the necessary orders have actually issuod, and the Diroctor should loso no timo in addrossing Government on the subject. 6. T'horo has again boon an increase in the nuviber of college pupils, of whom 5,184 were born on the rolls at the close of University education. the year, its against 4,494 in 1888, 3,215 in 1887, and 2,998 in 1886. At this rate of progress the roll of our University students will double in about four years. There has also been an increaso, by comparison with the previous year, in the number passing each of the University tosta, €29 being successful at tho First Arts examination, against. 481 in 1887-88; 366 in the Bachelor of Arts examination, against 323; ö8 in the examination for tho degree of Master of Arts, against 43. The progress made in this respect by the Government Colleges during tho year was particularly marked. The increase in expendituro on collogiate education from all sources, public and privato, was not proportionatoly great; the amount spent under this lead was Rs. 6,38,954 in 1888-89 agalust Rs. 0,21,19.7 in the preceding year, and there was actual decrease from Rx. 2,74,874 to Rs. 2,55,173 in the net expenditure from l'rovincial revenues. Mr. Tawney observes that in Government colleges the total cost has increased from Rs. 3,74,27:to Rs. 3,8:3,305, but the cost to Provincial rovonios has fallen fronı Rs. 2,11,293 to Rs. 2,30,409. The yearly cost of cach student in a Government college has fallen from Rs. 2.18 to Rs. 2:33, and the cost of his education to Government from Rs. 108 to Rs. 140. Taking collegiate eclucation, from whatever sources supported, its a whole, the cost of tho oducation of each student in the collares of Bengal las fallen from Rs. 1733 to Rs. 124, and the Government share of that cost from Rs. 0:3 to Rs. 50. Every new ilmmal report supplies fresh evilence of the progress of exlucation of this class in Bengal, of its growing popularity, and wider illusion. 7. Secondary schools have advanced in number fromı 2,220 to 2,319, their pupils from 1899,1033 to 200,12+, the increase being Secondary education. shared by all three classes-high English, middle Englishi, and milille vernacular. In spite of the circumstanco that the practice of allowing successful candidates at fornier examinations to present themselves for •PO-examination was, save in exceptional cases, abandoned, the results of the Aidillo English Scholarship trost were througlont better than those of the provions your; and, with an exception in respect of amalgumatoil high schools und privato can lidates, so also were those of the Middlo Vernacular Scholarship examination. The expenditure incurred rose from Rs. 2:3,70,734 in 1887-88 to Rs. 2.),:36,045, and of this sum Rs. 0,01,1:39 were contributed from public sources, inclusive of Provincial revenues and District and Municipal Funds, the percentage of the cost to the public generally on the total outlay in aided high English schools being 2:3.2, in middle Englislı sehools 32:2, and in middle vornacular 37. Most secondary schools are in receipt of grants-in-aid from Government; but there is a considerable minority, which has not been placed ou thic aided list for want of funs. Umler existing financial conditions, and with reforence to the moro urgent necessity of extending primary clucation, provision for the demands of new schools can be made only in the manner contemplated by the Graut-iu-aid Rules, that is, by withdrawing or reducing the ussistance given to institutions which no longer need support froin pablic funds. 8. Mr. Tawnoy considers that the conduct of pupils is deteriorating, and attributes this result to deficiencies in the subordinato Conduct and discipline, masters, and increasing competition for pupils. He observes that "in a single issue of il weekly Bengali newspaper there appeared advertisements from not less than seven high and uniddle schools offering various pecuniary inducements to boys who might choose to join the first class of any one of them. This system of stealing pupils is, 1 foar, on the increase. It is b'art-breaking to conscientious teachers, and fosters ingratitule in the pupils. The position of Government high schools is, of course, sufficiuntly strong for the hond-masters to enforce some kind of disciplino if they choose to do so. rule, I believe, the heads of Government schools are upright and conscientious mon, and do exort themselves to the utmost to keep order in their schools and olevate the tone of the students. Tho samo may be said also of tho heads of muuy non-Government schools. But thero can be no doubt that by so doing they exposu themselves to considerable odium." As a romedy ho proposos the extreme monsure of altogether prohibiting inlicensed «ducation. "No school," ho As a ·( 4 ) observes “should be allowed to receive pupils that has not been carofully inspocted by a Government officer and receivod a license from Government, to be periodically renowed; and the University should so modify its regulations as to make it impossible for any unlicensed school to send up candidates to tho Entrance examination." These remarks were penned beforo the roceipt of the important Resolution recently recorded by the Government of India on the subject, which has indicated the moasures to be adopted for tho improvement of disciplino. The Lieutenant-Governor has no desire to go beyond the limits laid down by that Rosolution in enforcing supervision over private schools. 9. Tho record of the work of the year in the most important department of elomentary instruction is discouraging, for Primary education. although there was an addition of 51 uppor primary schools and of 3,162 pupils, this guin was far moro than counterbalanced by a loss of no less than 711 lower primary schools with 8,973 pupils. As regards the latter, the following comparative statistics for each division aro of interest:- 1987-88, 1889-H!. DIFI8I0N. Schools Pupils. School, ... ... Prosidency Calcutta Burdwan Rajshahye Ducca Chittagong Patnu Bhagulpore Chota Nagporo Orissa Orissa Tributary Michals 4,020 120 9,45-1 2,500 6,095 1.,285 5,555 3,377 1,180 7,196 1,013 128,221 5,943 218,496 56,237 14:1,311 99,241 111,981 05,632 11,512 106,396 13.098 1.525 317 9,068 2,598 5,920 4,7855 6,301 3,050 1,516 6,909 950 Pupils. 128,996 5,531 211,693 60,455 140,322 102,251 112,023 62,143 43.324 103,507 11,815 ... ... ... ... ... .. Total 415,5:55 9:31,09) 14,851 982,121; The scarcity caused by the alternate drought and floods which distinguisheel the year is assigned, no doubt quite correctly, is an explanation of the decrease in tho Burdwan, Bhagulporo, and Orissa Divisions, and there appears, moreover, to be considerablo uncertainty as to the accuracy of the figures supplied by the inspecting pundits, whose trustworthiness is in more than one instanco (Xpressly doubtor. It is satisfactory to loarn that the results of the lower primary scholarship examination of 1889 wero moro favon raller than those of any preceding year of the past decade, with the single exception of 1887, and this notwithstanding the fact that the standard of examination bias in some districts beon gradually raisod. Rupoes 20,303 were contributed for tio support of primary schools for boys and girls loy municipalities, as against Rs. 10,355 in the provious year; it sum of ls. 10,005 was also spent ou 103 primary schools for boys, chiolly under missionary inanagement, from the grant-in-aid fund; and 148 schools received Rs. 13,592 from the grant for circle schools. The following statoment gives the financial results of the suministration of the primary grunt in the different divisions, showing the funds made available in cach and tho banner in which they wero exponlod :- DIVISION Allotment. Esprenditure. Numer of cols, Nanlur or Jupils. Cost per soliool .איטיןin ru Vost per pupul in HINUS. Ks. Rs. Bs. Aunas. 19.6 ... Presidoncy Calcutta Burdwan Rajalalıyo L'acca Chittagong Patna Bhagulpore Chotu Nagporo Orissa Orissa Tributary Vrhals 88,61 9.700 1,20,183 71.973 1.01.842 68,00 1,09,1033 77,176 63,516 001,147 86,313 7,700 1,11,3:39) 68,519 90.530 58,211 47,972 68,032 63,650 59,087 4.394) 168 8,010 2,478 1,055 4.1:80 6,188 2,133 1,400 6,286 12:1.740) 0,:13 202,089 02.0 119,668 101,-01 112.477 51.22 41,266 80,595 138 276 19.4 12.4 188 28 2 67 11.1 10:6 177 88 17.6 12:1 9.2 13.9 1:8 193 11:0 .. 3,59.3. 1,043 81 973 12.8 17.1 The un tal cost per pupil varied from 6•7 annis in Howrah to 125:3 annas in thu Chittagong Will Tracts, and that per school from 8.2 rapoos in Cuttack to 104.7 ·EXPENDITUILE. AVERAGE ANNDAL CO TER FUPIL. Number ار Number of pupils (1 tlie. rolls on trulst Marchi 1889. Average monthly rull number. FROM TITBLIC PIIB. institutinus, Trom privite fumus. Totul. Cost to public fund. Total COB. Fromm Froita provinen municipal, revenues. quruls. I.-LAW. Rs. Ru. Rx. Rs. Rs. A. P Xs. A. P. 6 Government Law Schools Unaided Law Schools 129 R07 323 728 :9,940 14.308 75 14 11 43 18 % O.. 18,308 Total 10 935 851 27,644 27,048 63 12 7 IJ.-MEDICINA. course of the year, and thie subject is still under consideration in connection with ( 5 ) rupoes in the Chittagong Hill Tracts. Tho average cost for each scbool was 18.3 rupoes, and for each pupil 12.2 annas, against Rs. 17.6 and annas 11.4, respectively, in the preceding yoar. The extraordinary choapness with which elemontary education is imparted, as shown by these figures, is due to the general adoption of the plan of paymont-by-results, which is, under present financial limitations, the only efficiont and admissiblo systom. The romark in tho roport that the Rajshahyo District Board merely proposes to revert to that system is scarcely satisfactory in view of the observations made in last year's Resolution. The Lieutenant-Governor will be glad to learn that the exceptional departure made by tho District Board in question, and condemned as at variance with tho rules and inconsistent with the educational policy of Government, has been finally abaudonod. 10. I'lio number of institutions in Bengal devoted to the study of some profession, art, or industry, as distinguished Special instruction. from general education, now stands at 42, und the subjoined statement furnishes details as to their strength and the expendituro incurred in connection with them:- It will be observed on a comparison with the figures furnished in the last report that while tho number of law students has fallen considerably, tluut of priodical students has rison. The explanation any probably be that parents have ut length had forced on them the fact that tho rinks of the former profession are rapidly becoming overstockel, and that better prospects are offerod in the latter. The Committee appointed in 1887 to enquire into the condition of the Scobpore Civil Engineering College submitted their report in the a special enquiry now being made by Mr. E. W. Collin, c.s., with a viow to the promotion of technical education generally. The attendance at tho Governront School of Art again advanced from 158 to 172, and the expenditure from public revenues froin Rs. 24,978 to Rs. 25,462. Tlio students in the technical Classes are roportod by tho Superintendent to have done excellent work, and special lectures huve been institutod for thoso desirons of becoming teachers. Several handsome medals have been presented, principally in connection with tho Culcutta Art Society, by Ilis Excellency tho Viceroy, Sir Alfred Croft, the Burra Thakur of Tipporah, and Maharaja Sir Jotendro Mohun Tagoro. Calcutta Medical Collego rinvernment Medical Schools Iisa dod Medical Schools 149 613 238 200 025 2.31 1,83.766 81,-88 7,012 1.,283 1,91 367 99,171 4,019 919 12 191 0 986 13 4 168 10 21 4 D & 3 Total 8 998) 1,050 2,695,043 29,814 2,05,467 251 8 10 279 12 7 III.-ERGINRRRING. 3 Ciril Angineering College, Beebpora Cuvuruncat Survoy Schools 1 8 200 38 172 308 ...... 66,924 8,005 7,003 3,001 72,227 10,509 379 82 4 419 ) 1 11 Total 518 ANU 10,607 82,780 180 4 S. 179 6 10 IV.--ART AND INI USTRY. 172 103 Ciovor: mont Schon of Irt Ouvernment Industrial Schools Aidi-d Industrial Schools U Raided ditio ditio 1 7 25.02 1.17.: 1,3455 3,709 1,783 3,770 29,171 2,0:37 0,75 1.36 S 44 13 0 3:33 TIS 30N) 100 4 178 18 4 129 8 19 2 10 $ 16 ... Total 13 اتنا 500 2.219 19:0 99,8113 31,421 49 0 8 61 7 5 V.-OTHER CHOOT OF SPECIAL INSTRUCTION. Government Schools Aided Hchools Uuuided Schools 4,136 4117 107 114 13 510) 120 4,134 1,7113 1,178 4 114 13 3 17 0 7 () 7 15 ..... Total 172 16:01 120 1,292 6,0813 31) 7 38 12 8 GRAND TOTAL :3,275 1 3,138 :3,70,59% 510 79,161 4,510),275 118 2 143 7 10 ·(6) 11. The annexed statement convoys in a convenient forin information as to the attoudance at, and expenditure on, schools for Female education. girls during the year as compared with the corresponding figures for 1887-88:- EXPENDITURE. FKON PUOLIC HIND!. FLOM I'VATE FINDS, CLABB OF SCHOULS. Nuinlr or schivuls. Nulxor Averige of pupolN unt's on 031 thn rollo the polls on the 31st March 1889. monthly. Avainko duly liteulunce. Total. Provin- Cint riven16. District Muncipu) luis, Tunda. Fecs. Oilir Airce. Rs. Rs. R:. Rs. Rx. Rs. 226 220 188 17.766 4,730 2015 190 130 169 1,131 68 ....a 1,338 Maintained by the Petrur-1136•nit Murilne by MITcipal Dintrict Bords Aided by the lirpreta Iue'ul ur ty .1111110- pal District Biosila Uuurled 2,015) 12.301 30,0019 3.1.5. 68,188 22,811 30.097 1,711 11.0.71 18,34% 1,101.3 1,44,773 15.715 2,09,20 10.80 Tutul 2,302 47,888 33,95 80,113 2,811 19,18 1,-17 1,01, cits :3, 10,021 1,91,106 1.44,915 Pigures fur 1497-98 2,217 16,034 1,17,21.1 1,1,039 3,07.873 A considerable decline from 37,785 to 35,079 in the number of girls attending boys' schools couverted the gain shower in this statement into iz net loss of 856 female pupils under instruction. Ju the Calcutta Medical College fivo femalo students real for the University degree in medicine, whilo 19 attonded the special cortificate class, and of it first-year female stulents at the Campbell Dredical Collego, 10 obtained promotion and one was ordered to be ro-examined after an interval of three meaths. At (uttack two ladlies attended Dr. Lovill's lectures, and ono of them passed third out of 11 candidatos. Special scholarships were for the first time awarıled to girls in Calcutta and its neighbourhood, and the standards prescribed at these have been found so sutablo for girls' schools generally that their extension to the mofussil Las lately leon sanctioned. 12. Thero were on the 31st March 71 European schools, with a roll of 0,682 pupils, against 72 schools, and 0,541 pupils at Eilucation of Europeans. tho close of the preceding year. The only Government school of this class is the boartling establishment at Kurseong, which has recently undergone a necossary and useful change from a mixed school to un institution exclusively for boys. No malo candidato appeared at the high school examination, and, as a similar result was reportel last ycar, it appears that the special examination (loos not present the sanio attraction is that for entrance to tho (aloutta University. The concession made by the University in prescribing drawing 18 an optional subject at the Entrance exainination is welcomed as a move in the right direction; and tho Lieutenant-Governor hopes oventually to seo introduced an alternative staulard at the matriculation examination, adapted moro completely to the requirements of those who require an education not altogether literary. 13. The report shows an alvance in the total number of Muhammadun pupils from 101,671 to 12:3,564, and it is observed Education of Muhammarlans. ihat the increaso_has taken placo taken placo principally, although not exclusively, in private schools. The annual income of the educa. tional portion of the Molisin endowment is approximately Rs. 63,100, und the expenditure from this source incurred in the course of the year amounted tu Rs. 30,0:5:1-). The jumlıer of successful Iuliammaclan candidates has increased in all tho clapartmental examinations, except the lower primary, and thero passod 18 and 21 Mulanunulan B.A's. and F.As. respectively, against 12 and 19 in the previous year. On the other hand there were only half as many suc. cessful Muhammauan ennidates for admission to the University-a marked falling off, which is but imperfectly explainod by the greater strictness with which the examination was this your conducted. conducted. The number of pupils attending madrassas under the management of Government was 1,450, against 1,229 in the provious vear, and the inerouse was shared by all of those institutions, with the exception of that at Cox's Bazar, in the district of Chittagong. On the whole, it would elp ponr that oducation is making progress among Muhammadans, a result which has long boen aimed at by Government; but that the improvement is not rapid, and that unromitting attention to tho subject on tho part of departmental oficors is still requisito. In order to secure special supervision, two Muhammadan ·(7) Assistant Inspectors were appointed during the year----Moulvie Ahmad, M.A., and Moulvie Ibrahim, B.A. The Officiating Director observes that “in the instructions given to the Inspectors of these circles, the object of their appointnient has been gonerally described as tho improvement of Muhammadan education in schools of every cluss. With this purpose the Assistant Inspectors are: to ascertain and report to the Inspectors tho special educational wants of Muhammadans, and to endeavour to acquire influence with those in authority among their co-religionists in order to induco them to introduco into their system of education usoful secular subjects, such as arithmetic, accounts and the local vernacular. One of tho points on which enquiry is particularly prescribed is the distribution of tlie Molisin Fund. It is to bo hoped that the Assistant Inspectors may be able to mako such suggestions for the allotment of this fund as will make it even more serviceable to tho cause of Muhammadan education than it is at present." 1. The total number of indigenous institutions rose from 10,018 withi Incligenous cducution and education 96,721 pupils to 11,709 with 117,284 pupils, a loss in the Presidency, Calcutta, Burdwaii, Rajshahya and Chota Nagpore Divisions having been more than counterbalanced by il gain elsewhere. The number of aboriginal pupils declined from 28,290 to 27,240, ind the decreaso was spread over all excopt the Orissid, I'ntna, and (hota Nagporo Divisions. Four lunulred and nine canlidates of aboriginal descent passed the various departmental examinations of the year, 378 of them by the lower primary scholarship standard, 15 by the upper primary, and the fow reu.aining by the middle vernacular and middle English scholarship tests. 15. Tie thanks of the Lieutenant-Governor are clue to Sir Alfred (roft for his successful administration of the department, and to Mr. Tawney for his excellent reviow of the year's progress. of aborigines. By order of the Licutenant-Governor of Bengal, l'. NOLAN, Secretary to the Government of Bengal. No. 787. Cory forwarded to the Director of Public Instruction for information and guidance. His special attention is called to paragraplıs 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, aud 13. Nos. 788-96. Copy forwarded to all Coinmissionors of Divisions for information and for communication to Magistrates and District Boards. No. 797. Copy forwarded to the Municipal Departinent of this Office for information. By order of tho Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal, P. NOLAN Secretary to the Governinent of Bungul. CALCT TT.1, The 30th Aourmber 1889, C. K G. and otherg-Rog. Nu 49780-967-2-13-89,

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