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·Secrets of the Ocean The trapel, Inforuum, add wholly agrorlag book is optodate history of the rest from fua carllen beglaning to the very latest decoratie that baro bora mude about iu geography ito uf. Larna aad lu bildde datos de lounodlata sita! and popular mocorn To See Around V. k malo, both for its mustbentle, comprebenwiro lafarmaco Rod for lu Imaglaars poethe water Beglanlar with a description of bow ourth occo wro formed Blies Cervons ethnlling story tolle bow Hlo begun lo tba primeral ree, how the hidden mountelor and crayan of 14 coup deeps are being mapped, and about the broalbuklog power of the winda, bo w od bo aurreat, and the peredar of the moving thes. She wilter ele, of the beat Ing of bo ocrta lo me the heritage of the son that we arry la bar bodies and of the thehas to to found in iu nlry reacher Marrellously adtak, It top of the most imprewtro aad lambastog booke ever written about a unulising objecttho crer charflog ni The Coll drend Uk raceted the 1951 N tlou Bond Award in now bethon and was acclaimed by That Deyerdahl, wibor of Kon TIL, "sheer pour to me • perfect combination of the fascinatin wcho nd the stornel breaty of the me." A mori strelen of th book won the Academy Award the best frien kogth documenter dike your to prom no me mua TO THAT IT MITT mon Premier plupad ·Bgond a dime is the ones EXECA

·RACHEL L CARSON
THE SEA around us
Drawing by Katherio. L. Howo
A MI EN TOP
Poblisbed by THE NLY AMERIC

·Cormat 1950, r Rache L Cabox
Anho reserred. No part of the boot may be
reproduced without on For bahormon sarees
Oxford University Press, Inc. 14 Fitch An, NY 1
Iced a NEWTOR BOOK
By Arnau wird Oxford University Press, Inc.
Thur Martor dolor conta umeomba e bor
for rridou hy the actor
TORST TID, JAMOAT 1954
KOOND MTOS, FUARY 1934
THKD , MOYEK, 956
roumi notena, mouny 1957
TTTH niping, JOLY 1951
FOTO PRDTDHE, JUXE, 1999
The chon of the following regides har Hadly
or permbi bo reproduce material which originally
ppeared to the pages of their periodicals
Shauk Newslist News Ala The Nor Yorier
Samce Digest, kad It Yle Ronin
MCNTOR BOOKS or publistalli
The New marker Ubntry of World Limor Imam
01 Medipon do Now Yort 21 Now York
TXINTIDINTA UNITED MATE OF AKEXICA

·SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READIQ. 16T
Contents
Pet I MOTHER SEA
1 The Gny Beplaninh, 9
2 The Patter of the Sartre, 12
3 The Changing Yer 23
4 Tho Salon Sea, 34
5 Hidden Lanchan 45
6 The Loog Soowlal, 62
7 The Birth of Island, 68
8 The Shape of Ancieat Seat, 80
Part 1 THE RESTLESS SEA
Wind and Water, 89
10 Wind, Sum, and the Spinning at the
Earth, 105
11 The Moving Tida, 117
Port In MAN AND THE SEA ABOUT BY
12 The Good Thermode 130
13 Aalth from the Salt Sex 144
14 The Eocirding See, 135
INDEX, 170

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·Acknowledgments und wo latinitely try to dom with cbeen but hapon, pod want To cott Nicod ud mulded with crou bep by thon above rok the loss Akupenda on every hand I hate bon to the comme probleme of the occan be red dakphun test 4 wm pot of our procet booledad to say delda o sody and have made posse d II on their brand undantag. For oss budebted to Henry B. Blake Charlin F , Occidophy Robert Costume Warply when R Monk and Fruscs P Shepard al te leren Szetan o Herrard Vatrendy Waters Fut of the Antrican Muscle of Man Wory Duobar of Yale Univerli HA Handel 20 Ocodesk Surroy RC Hewly Mictalta, George Cohee of tot Us. Once Hry & Hoone of the Votrety of Many odbers bave cheerfully good bo pet locate dois docum.coli bant mo put tostituut to Oslo, LKW Cooper of the Libon Plymouth, Thor Heyerdahl a Orio w Chow Part kod Guntur Roleren of the ring Havſonknoptomuto Berren H. Blend tral of the popuxoal Cound for the Eapon Hon and comments, and on other way py tank. Among them are H. U Sredo Se Here Pattern of the Oceasotrasale Lorettament bort end, ta te Vatted Sures, Jobe Icon Line Noonal Research Cound Richard Fleaning at mpake Outlet Dan Mention of the B mphic Laboratory Econd IL Stufth of the Occinoppbk Lostmica, Y N Brudky and the U.S. Otolapla Sorrey blare E reruty do FL Roberto Grosso ·10 THE SEA AROUND US pin to Bqaty and Earth become molte A.Tbo material of this m. orantually bocu orted out to a detintto pattern: the herior fa the center the low boery murrounding them. Add tbe loborry foamdog the outer rim. The batho pattern ble perda toda central phero of motten iron, vay dearly bot u ft wo z blitoa roue is an intermediato gbad of cmd.pustio bemalt, uod hard outer thall, rolattruly qutto this and composed a polla bawat and mutta The outer bit of the youos carth mot have been pood my mood you changtot from the liquid to the solid anta, and it to believed that, before this chango wa completed A rent a tho protest toportance took placo-tho formation of the moon the beat tme you send on bench af alphat, wutebing the moon. bright path to the water and copochodu of the moondrewn iden, reuember that the moon the mary bare beca bom of great tidal muro of arthly mabutance, toca od Into pack. And remember that if the moon wu formod lo this fashion, the event may have had much to do with baptos the ocean bubu kod the continents 4 wo boow them. There are the be the new arth, long before there su un ocean. In roepoor to the pull of the metho motten Equids of the earth bole purtaco to in the that rolled unhindered potrod the plobo ou caly padually decreased 200 dowolnbbed u tha aurtbly sball cooled, concealed and hardcood. Thono bultero that the moon ba chod darth any that during an audy Hape of the cartha dontlopovert komething happened that caused this rolitos, rac uido to gather speed and mocentina 200 torbo to trou gaablo belghite Apparently tho force that created the pretext that the carth hour own we tho fotou o renace, for at this time the period of the sour tida bad come to approach, then equal, tbe period of the fron oscil too of the liquid earth. And to every contido was given to chased momentum by the push of tho earth's oscillatos, tad each of the two-daily to w larger than the opo before t Physicists baro calculated that, aftor 500 years of much mocmou, sadly boarding then, thon on tho sido toward tho A becimo too high for tabetty and a great wito wa torn my cod burled into space. But lommediately of court, the Dewly created satelit become rubject to ptyalal law that keet & ploobs to orbit of tom abort the anth Thi bu ve at the mood Thert un tuon for believing that this crent took place after dhe earth crust had become lgbtly hardened, touted a durbitus purus Liquid rute. Torrefa to the day agraat scar on the mince of the dobe. Thla war of depression holds the Prok, Octs. According to para reopbyudst, tba foor of the Pacific composed of bault, the absence of the earth andate lager ·an, todo consuma The poured to ibo walitos occia THE GRAY HEGIRMINOS 11 han other count ur foord with a thila Layu o puta chts op mod of the earth's outer layer We Immaforte ronder what become of the Protes mente corelo od 'mod coureedoet oompulat that time for my be mooa vo formed. That is mupporting aldeace. The man ary of the moco much less than dut of the wrth (3.3 pared with 5.3) rent that the moon toot twy pod the earth's berry cors, but that is composed cohy of the nite od pomo of the best of the outer layen The birth the modo probably helped the protha region of world's ocean berides the Pretto Wheo part the crtat tora my subo out here been set up to the stomatolat atte covelope Pubp the patte mom cracked open on the opposite the moon rear Pertapa u the earth sponaat ad rosted on the orbit through pece, tho endte deos & tho mann o gatto bopan to dritt pert, morlog over Ty slowly hardening layer of butt. Ondm.lty the ouler wilons a'the bemalt Layer become solid and be wondering ptinents came to rest trocon boto place with cards betwoco m. la spite of theories to the contrat de website to pe orience to to be that the locations of the major ocean below and the mapor courtbetul land msm modry much be mame u they baro been sloce a very party period of the Sarth'r hlatary But thta to to anticipate the Hory for beo the mooar o there was no ocean. The produally cooling werth a co toped to her byen of dood, which contained mach of the Ater of the new planet. For a boog motos fra ww har to moisture could fall without immediately beteg tocco arted to geam. This den perpetually renewed clood com n mor bare beco thick cough that do my of Wight corn coetrata k. Add to be rough outlines of the continent mode mpty ocem bapms were ruptured out of the perfect of the orta in darkness, boa Stypen world of beated rock mod north u douda and poor A180o the earth's crust cooked tooth benboe beprasa ul. Never here there been mahrum opot that time. They la potlodowly day and night, dar pesem Lato molto I foblog spon the contenta mena datoed way to be seen tl Iked l beyos, mua ban heen only family wait But the uos vere the symbol of the dissolution at the be mucot the nina bertato (al, le luoda wy uod cattled to the albucode, ·12 THI SLA AROUND US thecho por stopped the disting of the roots, the out of the contained codents, the carrytos of the moou and dialred motrenk to the ocean. And one of the theme bu pon ma moto bitter with the coottratta La wet port to xa produced the mysterious cod tol aut autod protoplum canot ay la tom, do ter the on now conditions of temperaturo and od utan man have beco the action on to the of life from doo-ula At say rate they peodrced the peither the ulcberetets with the rocha por moderad la ter laboratories are beco able to chilert. Before the one thing cell wu zuted, thon may ban muay trial and falloro. It was probable that with wum Akoen of the priomi, catalo orpanka were lehened from arbou daddie, palphar altrocutor phans pondum, end aktum Partups them were tipa steps from which the complet poftcake of acond-molecula that somehow ecgated the ability to duce there and bepla tha oodhen Aream of a Bot Do we hawe enough to be purt Thor Orrt Irlag thing any bare been stople pokroorpo com rather me some of the bacteria wo know today-mystert ou border the fortes that were not quite plants, not gulto al make barely over the tungible time that seperti tos be soo fim Ing from the Avias Itb doobttal that the oth Diaperted to substance chlorophyl, wtb whilab plaats lo alght trendlortu Elekea catricals into the ring story of their chua Latin hinc codd cuter det die world, penetratto 1ho dood bent from which fed the eden na Probably the way or AB dren lived on the speak substances then Pftcoi lo tbm octan when, or me the boo and wolptur hacters that all today Ured drcedy oa loorpals food All the while the dood tort w ttantas the darknen of the alpha ironed tuh palety Dormed der, ud only the But for the Brut the bone through opoa tona. By the de Rome of the flying top that donlod la tho a mutum derd oped (be pospe of chlorophyth. Now they were able to take the airboa Goride of tho ih md the war of the rea und of theke dement, la som light, build the orpak cobach they bcoded. So tbc Orxt true plung cu foto betog Apottar proop or organisas better tho chloropbyl but Deedby opak food, lood they could make a way of Ide for there by devourto the pbzott So the Art animal som hood from this day to the very almal la the world buttons ·nos pond, bd the cteturta, od to mulbous of THI BAY Tivi HFRE! 13 vrough compla food chats a the plots for food Weum of Life PaY mors mod Doro compla. From Pasaule cowtura, others that who y reption of dcella uoc, od the creatures with orpin for feedsuns brambo reproducing Sponga w op de bottom of ibo masyado con look both the min mamm, doar water Jellyt me and drifted la Worros pored tod paniti, mod bordtele ce th mory-fototed leps the arthropoda. The plantı, too und, from the croscopic alpo to brunebed end cortfruitim mwcoch tar mayed with the thua and went from the constructs to the dat write Cartog all the tton the comments had do Ble. There was the Sodaco Hvity blog to como mbon, formklag tbart aldink, al embracing mocber res. The ladda mitut bryt beca and boutile beyond the power of words to describe. Immar wbolo continent of pated rock, acron bicha no covertoy the ol gece had boto bootiotut whbord mod, for rc weh bo planta to all too ito forto etiam od bod I to the Eks with their room. Imagine a land of tool, i uticat laod, at px for the sound of the nation and winds that wept acTon tt * there was no Hria rolce, ad no thring thiog bored over • rurface of the roctus Meanwhile, the prin cooling of the planet, which end ven the arth to band made a stopening tot per layere, and the trenor dowly cooked and conced drow iwy from the outer abell. The han contri Amell to the artoking spbert withta t, feti Ir to folda ma wrinkle the earth birt mountain mort. Oroloplasted that there too baro bera non troppo ods of moundan bukan (often called "Tevelloor het dm period, to loop 40 that the toda moram bat apo thn the mountains themselves bum bor tree Bappy roro mwy Thea that came third pred pomidotoms Bod restostreat of the candcrust, about iba puno but of ali bs majestic mountains the only one sine the Lorentln hills of eastern Canades Tract tanto over de dal Country aroond Hochton Bry The epochs of moutain boidos oh medboon tor proceset of storion by Sich content to od ther crumbling rock and contedod a no the man. The orihied cane of tht Dot TET DO Der Hohet cold of the erste bat idat from odmor ud koe the rocks de recret The numbeath metat violence me Kora at

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·THE CRAY JEGINNINO1 17 learl W. Loom tory little about the ton land plants, but they our bent been donely related to wow of the Lorra arou that bad lord to Lio In the coastal sbalor, developtoe Hoogthened aeros ad msplag, roolib boldits to rent the dry and poll of the myn. Parbap tt wu ta sowo count low loods periodically drained and flooded, that sot rich plapu fotud & powelbto to furtire, tousto separated from the wol Thu no seo to bere takes place in the Sitorun period The momtal that be been thrown up by the Laortoden Itrolotion padualy port in and otho rodiment were Wabed from the ammits und depodied on the lowlanh, grett arma of the coatlocats tant de the load. The xa crypt out other big bod spread over the land Life and wd and Wu actory abandant ta thon shallow kami joul. But with the batter Ittrout of the one water tato the deeper babas mung frentarea mod hurre bren lett Arded to below landlocked ben. Some of the entral found many to murvtvo od band. The lates, the shores of the tren, and the cousal weaps of thove dry were the testing proud to which plant and animab other became adapted to the descondidons or perbbed As the land round the woreceded, uningo fblike me turt emer pod on the land, and otor tho thoutances of years to los bocado lop, and toxtead of pille i doveloped lung tbo Deroohn Andstoc dla torst amphibao left the footprint On land and a tho fream of Wft poured on Now for cro red; some old ona deltood and duruppeured. Oo land the momed buferas Rod the seed plants developed. The repullen for a tou domlouted to earth dratis, portrque, and terrily log, Bhd learned to in and mom la the Occu o ar The Oru od mod luted to conspicuoudy to hidden cronia of deurth though ta ler of the repolar When they went whore the enmab ibu toot up band the carried with Chen a part of the cather bodren bertape hich they poned on to the children and whicta ero today Loks eact lind Animal with as organ tho okok me Fath topbibles, uod reptile, warto-blooded bird od mumpul-tact of artha lo ott veta uutty stream to hich the elements sodum potentum, md caktum are combined to almou the to proporlom area We Thy b our therlanco (rom the duy told mm of ranura, ben remoto apcrator barlog protect from the one-clied to be many called sap, dre developed a deal tory mtere to which the added a Derdly the water of the rain the mom way our imebaritood į keleton at 1 beruare from the aktamic act of Cato brian time. Erre the protople that struns within ad cilpf. our bouch the chandaal truture Imprched upon 11 matter be the one donke atatua mn brought forth to

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·THE PATTERN OF THE SURFACE 19 strone mature of the place d ibe lost who a la history bn hich the came of the roof mea mu oorphed a moet noent of time. The mon of all the thing comes to him most earty to the councilos ocho poris he be witche y after dry the ricofing ro of the bortzog, ridged and for bed by me, when u odpat be becomes awan of the arth, pation u doo pinpoterband, or when, Norve to the world twitter and dy be feels tbe lonolint of ble earth lo #co. od tben, 4 Deter on land, be toon the truth that he world * water world planet dominated by lo coretag mantle of ctan, lo which the contact an bot truleat latroglods of and above the surface of the B-codrihsna. 2 The Pattern of the Surface There is one bum mat war net mynny sbout thub ws, who gdy mi to post of some All po bonoh DX KELVILLE Nowaru la thu ma doon to exchat bo och bertdestiny aboadana to the sortir contraProm the deck of a rowe you may look down, bour aftor bour on the womentos de Sjellyton, thetr pently pubatto belle dotthong tho curlacelor us you can wen. Oroon day you may dotico arty in the morala that you are put through that be taken on brick-red color from billion upon bihome of mitocople creatures, anch obict cootaba noring plautat pro. At doon Top An all morty through rod xas, and when darknew tula de water shine with an eetlo plow from the poepbortacentre of Jet more bloos od trikoo often e trutura Anderun you may propao not only be abundance but nonethtop of the there incompromittee of son ufc wben, as you look over the rad tad down, dowo oto nater of a car desp preen, soddenly that threr bonty of Bayer-long Dubleta. The marin medic pleat from the film's u lbcy arrat by dristig deeper laco the green depths with the desperato speed of the bened. Perhaps you are her the hunt er, but you here that preseon you we the file boreria vih cara teratai, whilog for the build tab to be artico to the partiet. Orpin, perhaps, yo y al for dari on cod without ser boy anything you could recopolo nuo or the adication of ufe, day after day almopty water mod copy ity and you may rezonably conclude that aber no pot butto of breaths open ooren. But if you bad tho to 100 Debed oct through the intrody

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·THE PATTEEN OF THE SURFACE 21 Da dert olybt could we troch marto lift which we nable to bootlty They womed to be deep-ta tabu topTouch is the antico a dipht. Gerendy w tygody phot bortactu boda, often the stro ad apo of 1 dinoer plate, tut oso plebt in the sbape of three more boda al merular cod constar shape md Amcarloos which appeared Desored those of the raft (Kow-To morsured about 5 by 18 lect) Apart from the pratet bodies, wo obravod occasion Why get gountitle of pbogborescent planktoo, often contatoily home button copepods up to the dood a millimeter or With thero ract many thorough I was of dellautely not fred, latarlockley relationship, tho Hot all parts of the Boked. What bappens to datom to the upper amit erata oftbe a mry we determine what happcom to cod lytor on all of one rocky cogon u bundred tathome below or to bed of multicolored, gorgeously phome souwarma arpelos an udalying aboal, or bou prin creeping over the oft oozes of tho se door to the blackca dalle cep water The acthyttlas of tho mlcroscopio optables of the ma, of which the doma ne mort important, ale te maal wealth of the mattr kallable to the Aplmal. Fetdnog directly oo to dhatoms and other proop of miputo uploatar alpo ar to partou promozos, many contacted, the yomg of crab, barer Chet, man rorm, and to be. Hordes of the mall caratvoret, tho Ont Hot ba the chain of Desh her, mon among theme parc ful garen. There in Beton de dropone half an act look the barp tawed arrarome. There are pooseberry hiko comb Jellien, moned with optog teatada, and there are tho Larimp-Ice cuphanelids that arin food from the water with ther bretty appendages Stance bry delih were the curto carry them, with no power or 1 to prove that of these thle HTC como mhy of creira kod the mande pladu that partain them are the laktog, & word derived from the Greck, meantog mundong From the planktoolba food colors load on, to the wboots of planhoo (cofing Asbes Are the bento menbaden, and mack art to the toba to the be the Worth od tima od barlr to the pelapke quite that prey on be, to the at wbalas bo, ktording to their specia bet mot acordog to iber de, muy liwa oa tha, o abrlar, or o some of the to of the pleo tog creatura. Uomurtud d tracta tooth DIY Ke to ... the sur fra of the ocean b duided boto detalte DODG, the of lhe porta mer controls the barbution of Hufe, od pannos haka uod qolds, bisi od ostanken loted by unbeatable la to certaha Lipde of

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·THE PATTERN OF THE SURFACE 2 uted by niks, mor od Dettagla. Along tho Atlantis Put the Unted States the alinity for from about 33 per thousand of Cape Cod to about 36 of Florida bu Ar toco city perceptible to the monte al buom bethane in temperatore nn trong about 28 F bpolariuto Haathe Persian Gulf, which contate the bottom ocem water Coworki. To outro dthota, which few aception Pamatch to their own bodies the tempertum tho H Scho water the range is tremtotom, ad como atore Lot a probably the most important segle condition that trots the churtouton of marle until ho beautifdred corab ne padat complo of the way the Fanblable uren for my particular de Creatures may be <ublished by temperamures If you took a map of the woda d down to 30° north of Equator and lootber 30 wouch trou would ham outlord in peneral the water we re had found at the present tme. It is true that the seatos ancient conlrdshirm beta come la arctlo water, but pends that bront past ap the date of the Dorthern to tropical. The aburra structure of the cond rod a bolohoord only to Waler ut lentownmu 70' Fahrtomt. We would bare to make ono Dortmund atasida of our trup, where the Gull Stram cola muttr warm enodph for on to Bermude, 32 Dorthe Latitude. On the other band attbla or tropical bell, we would bars to come lor area on the West Coast of South America and Afrien, aber dreng cold water from lower ocen kerela prereou the rowth of conub. Most often coast of Florida bos do coral reefs bo me of a cool short caritat, rooplog mouthward between the tout to the Gull Serum As between troplou od polur replant, te daracen to the body Rod abundance of Lo ard tremendoo. The warm lan peratures of the tropla peed op the procent of reproduction ind powth, to the mary reedlotu o produced to the thon required to btay 000 to naturty to cold me. There is on opportunity for settic mutations to bo produced who bven time, beat the bewilderme nriety of tropical Ble. Yala wy mechas there on far fewer lodhshtont than to the colder conc, bere the pineral contrat of the water b daha mod there in da den mye of purus platos to the copt pod of de Asctis. The pelaps, or free swimming form of the toplo ihre dktper Libor a the colder tops, lodo tbct blon food for langt rucefceden the topla, dartfort, the a brda do not compact abondrace with the clouds of Hibarn, foran, tult baktirds, buttons ad ober bind en ore fa portberg op for ouders tablas promda In the cold ita commodities of the polar Lleter of the ·THE SIA AROUND US animals baro sobming lurrea Generation to generation to down on the parents, to that laro na bottom mry bo crared with the descendent a very few mimah In tho Barenta sau a roarch 000 brought up more than a to of one of the sticcova poor #dogle banl, and corno patcba o nogle species of Amerid worm arpet the art of Spitsberten. Copepods and mommy taas the nortna wien of the cold som md here the heritag and the acted the locks of sea btrets, the whales, and the sals. In the tropla theo, na tlfe fatense, vivid, and Lotinitely parle cold rous Life proceedo ata po zlorod by tho ky water in which it cuts, but the manal richnod ol there were (Larry . remit of bouwon orectors and consequent moltme) maka ponudbo the COOTDOW abundance of the forts that to ab thier. For a pood many yeant bau born and cloporically that the toul productinty of the colder temperato and poler má far preater than the tropical North becoming plein that there are important enceptions to this statement la cettala tropscal and mubtropical water, there aro areas wbort the best abundada of the strula the Grand Banks or the Barents Sea or any Antarctic whahog proud. Pertraps the best champles are the Humboldt Current of the west coast of South America, and tho Benguela Current, all the west coast of Afrieu. In both current, upwelling of cold, minenhuden from deeper layan of tho ki provides the fertizing to turun the preat food chain And wherever two curteots mort, especially if they difer sharply to copertura or whasty thero are moon of pritat tur brudence mod varer, with water en kop of ridot up from the deptha and with shift codes and form Ibno u tho wurface. At such places the richness and abundance of marlno ufc rocais Huell most widody This changing Lis, Keen 41 his whip cut Crom the path of the great currents of the Pacific mod tho Adaatic, wms described with vtvid deull by S. C. Broots Wuhin a few der of the equator the watered ammun cloud become thieter and mare a confused well make up nalo squalh come od ro and birds appear At ist berols only greater abundance of more petrels, with berd add there per rels of other kindi huotlog aloog utterly indiferent to the pain or uma group of tropke berds dying along with the ship od to one ade or high overbead. The satteted group of various pe rab appear and Analy for en boer or two there are birde oder or bod. If ooo l Dot too lar from lond, few boodred miles pertapi, ia the case of the south equatorial drift borth of the Marques, ono may ako se ordutuda of sooty or creded Ierol Occupoally ooc sees the myth blue form of share Piding along or a big purphen-broma bammerbad luuly twist ·11 THE PATTERN OF THE SURFACE by wound u thoop inlog to get a better Wher of the shop. Flytos dab, wie Doro dorty localizado the birds, une brot Ing the witte tety fotecooo, and bewitch the bebolder by tbalr myriados, tapes, and amas, od their beldetto put lep od shades of deep brom, opal bhuis, yellow and purple Then the mon come out apaha, tbe a taku op i deo tropt cal blure, the bird become montud monda, tod tadually web shop szorat on the ocurr remonto de apuche 11 wer daylight all the time this me keqpepce might be men banort or em Aniktog fohloa twee or pertops oro three or four time Inquiry soon turtals that this sequence marks the time of pantot the edgo of one of the freat cu rota "10 lbo North Auintio antplana tbe mmo play barged with dMortat actors. Losland of the equatorial carrtou thon are the Coll Strana and it continuadoo, the North Atlantc Dril, and the Arctic Current, Instead o confused well and squalh od raba there in alcu and fon Tropic-buda ane roplacod by yachers ud dom fand different peclad the potrei group, wcally hero potcn of shorters and famin, une type or swimming about, often la pret docks Here, too, portapu ono cu kw of sbart ud more of po pobo naids who the cut-water or dopredly hurrying school after school, toward mome un gucto ble objective. Tho Bohat black and white of the young arcu, or the data podden sport and lary dut of a wake pouting leod #fo to bo ter o do the ancies of dyog Bah, utaot thooph the be from the trainodal bome in the trop One may pen from the blue water of the Strum, with Doating mal ted (Sartom) and perhape bets and there the at descrot fout of a Portopiese manor to the pay-fiten ater of the Arcte Current with us bounds of rely truh, and to a few hour back pan to the Stream Excitime, at the murri, opt bilely to me tho surface display of that abundance of which made the Grand Banks oot of the acat aber les of the work The maid ocean topoos, bounded by the content that whep Lothad the oceun beat, it opend the desert of the i Thay an for kids and in armeleedias tuber und indeed bere baitulo varice pluottoa outra them. Tbelf of Dhex rhon blurrety conted to deep inter The Surrutxo Sca * * *cepton, Qot matched aibe notkyboake ccaten of other ocean banatutarat from my other place on Earth that # may not be caudered definite potrpbk roa A lloc down from the mouth of Choural. By to Gibraturo uur Its nortbeta torker inother frora li u to Dalar voord mailla kubera borbry It has about Bermuda ud INCKL ROX 11K, 17 ·THE SEA AROUND US tonda con theo bitny brow the Aduatis, Ito cattro tog roughly u lorpu the United State. The Serpa, Ha lepodery tanta for all dipe, bucation of the cottate of the North Attutto that actrdo it and the millions of too of bouting out to those ploon dartrosit ou, od the end blame that bro to the stod Tho Serponto bespla fogpotten by the woda by the strong dowol waters that proto with a ver 11 the eldonckroded dla, a nta aro warm and boy Halt. Separated oddy tron coastal stren und from polar ther to how ollah water to note balloons to Infos bof bro me from the decent curtout, from the Gall Stram or North Adotto Carrot uit from America to Europe. And with the Atto, losowny of atteo water come the planta od obala you bare driftod lo the Gulf Stream Tbo ergoda roots are browa uga boldogbog to mpecler Quantities of the weeda tro attached to reefs ogtcropplop out the cost of the Wart lodlas kod Many of the plants are tom away by storms, especially ibo burlane remon. They are picked up by the Gul od are drilted porthwend with the morda po, postopen, many im. Athos, cube, Artmpe, and lurru of uworted species of marbho creaturw, bomo been the col buntos o arrunt moed. Corloo things happea to the about that have childca od Arpatum weed into a new boons. Once they Hred par ma'. edp, a few feet ar to futbom below the surface Kver far abors. Ara bottoco. They know the strythmic meau of mara mod ide. They could lear the beter of wees w cod creep or wo about over the bottom bt of food Now to the middle of the ocean, they are a 1 de The bodou baro or three mia below them. Those who are poor tuuman mat ciag to the wood, which now repreko La null, rapporting them abort the Lbya Over tbondo.co tbele acesto chce bers, some spocla ban developod fpectu opus of attachment, siber for themsetres or for their con that they may not stat into the cold, det ruter for below Tho bylos dat conto dosta of the weed to contato their cop, which beur na uboutin rekenblusco lo to pronom fond ar berries Indeed, many of Ibo little murtoe bent of tbo weety fach med to be playlos o elaborates of dute tilah carb bamouflared to ble ut from the otbere. Toe Surpapo maslo - oal without re-hy!, hepden brown body pol tod with dart-edged drda and Ittared with depo sod foldaat + ·THE PATTERN OF THE SURFACE in, so that us CTCPS On the weed to march of prey it an ikutely be dettopished from the vereation. Our of the theroartrorus of the place, the spurte fub Pterophyos ha copled with utmou daty the bructibay frood of the weed, to polden berries, Ha rich brown color and to the white dob of clog worn tube. Al these slabonte toe of mindery ure indications of the tra Internecie wn of the Sart foodles, which pan without quarter id without mercy for the weat or the owy In the cheea of the war thert bos beta a loor-standing 600- trovery about the aclelo a the drifting weeds of the Sarpedo Su Some bare bold that the pupply ba mahatuned by week to. cently lota away from coastal beds other my that tho matber Ilmke mrum Gelds of the West India md Florida como pomity apply the immense urn of the Serpusta. They believo that and bent i eth perpetrating community of porou that bine become adapted to not the open , Deeding Do root ot hold-tut for atuncret, and able to propupu repetatively Probably there a truth in both khen New plasu do coco fa each year ta soul mumbers, and now cover an immemo area bon of theft very long Hfc open the bare runched this quiet central reglos of the Adontie Inkontom half a you for be plnou tand from Wan Italia ubora to reach the northern border of the Serpo, perbapo vend yean for them to be and toto the lower parts of the wel. Manwbie, ka bere been rept onto the bones of North America by norms, other bare beca kibed by cold dur fog tho penape from otsbord New Bygland crom the Alati when the Gulf Stream come to contact with min from the Arct. For the plants that mich the calm of the Sarpan, aber a virtual komportathy A E Part of the Amenem incumbna recently werested that the neindual plant may line, Lotos for decade, obene for croturies, according to the peod. It salah wel be that some of the very veeds you would ute of you woted the place today were seen by Columbun od bu men. Here, le the beart of the Auent, the weed dnius odlash por more procodiar vorenthraly by proces of frumention. Apran dy Hoort the only Nou that dle on the out that dori mlo malmorable coodalos aromad the apar of the Surpuro or art pleted up by outwed mortat comt. Soch homes in balanced, or poulthy like more than het moed, by the amou detition of reeds from difat court It mox bare utca com of me to Komulate the touch mor mou quantities of wood, which are cutiestos about 10 mb. loo lon Dothly, court utbuted na mo large HW that most of the Swoob opeo at The deak their * altto lo satinpred derer cried ausa!

·THE SLA AROUND US bruglontoos of lor, and the gloomy hou of rettel to odio dilting to the clinghy od are only tho ghost things that never wero. 3 The Changing Year Thu with the me front rown MOLTON Fa tho keuwboka, the alternation of day and night, pour of the suon, the procession of the years, an lort to Turnen, obliterated to its own chunrela eternity Bottho face waters are dHfCTCOL. The face of the rea batman chunglot Cromed by colors, lights, med mortug thadon, partlayn Run, ytterlo in the twipo, io upects add to roodo bour by hour Tbo porno materi more with the then, stir to breath of the winde, and the ad fall to the codem, horty form of the wire. Most of all, ebey choro with the of the mont. Sprog mores over the temperata lands of Northern Hernbpben ta tido of new life, of parblog tood and unfortiog buds, a tu myuterla mod mootor you bolized in the north ward migration of the birds, tbc of Mugstub kopbublas How the core of trop be galo From tho wet landa, the dublercot found of the wind which in the young leaves were a month ago i ratdod the bare branchen These thip woensdato with the lood, and its cury to muppo that u ka there could be no much feeling of adriactos pring But the egos are there, and keep it poderiodo cyt, they bebe the uume maplaal sense of wateplog la tbe ver, as on lood, stoglan time for the renewal of life. Ductos the loog months of inter in the temperate pood tho mortece water bare beca abrorting the cold Now the bear Whet beplou to tak, alipptog down and trpiaclay the warmer Leyen below.Rich Hore of minerals bombeen accumulating on the floor of the continental shel-tone fregated down thathu m from tho laod, so derived from a creatures that hart dicd and boxerticains bare drite down to the bottom OCD from the sbab that ona encued a datom, the strenos protoplum of ndolatae, or the transpurcat larua ofert pod. Notblos barested la the sea crery particle of material bo sed or ud Operplo, first by one creature, then by another And when boming to win a deeply ined, the man bortom water bitap to the rurido rich mupply of locals ready for bye by Dev forms of we Junt u land plaats opeod on mberal la the not for that ·THG CHANGIN YEAR 27 powth, cyery, martoe plent, en toe mett, la dependent upon the maricat tatt or minons to tho sa via Duto. ut have otica, bo cement of which their inple bella on lahtooed. For theo mdoha mladplaats, photos an ocupermble moal Sorde of the doucnu no ho sbort mpby and he water may be reduced below the model mundo point or ponth. The dhatom popolatos por la tall oper this mon a boobch. It ca. Hark problem of porn with DO opportuoky totoom, . problem of Leoptog in the get of life by forming toge protective sporo upanst the topsy of wotet matter of cibuting to dormant pute to which po de cancha shall be made on ennroomcat that arudy with bolda Jl but the mou mape Decouities of Hfe So the duatot. bold their plan to the waters, like reads of best to beld toder sow and los, the red from which the price prowth WHIcon. There, then, ero to cements of tho Pernal blootplog of the hen, the words of the dormant pinata, the fauitdog chemical, the nanoth of the speboy am LA a poddoo milenin hicredidlo in to swiftnes, the glopient plants of tho ma begin to mohiply Tbek patut bo of atrooomical proportions. Tho sprog mer beloop a Oret to the datom and to all the other mikrocopte plant hits of the plank 2. In the derco totematy of the growth the core varten Roctan with a llytoy blanket of the cell ile after mille ol water may appear red or brown or green, the whole purta.co sallot oo the color of the indlalterimal pratos of paymeot coglained to each of the plant celk The plants have updated way to the man for only abort to Almod at once their own burn of suluptations matched by podla tocin in the sonal omab of the plank toa. It b the probog tone of the copepod ad ibo plasworm, be pelapic wirtump and the winged RAL Hogy mos of the Enle bent of the plankton roam through the water, Ired for on the abundant plano end there faling my to TT cature. Now in the spring the rulia watets become muncry From the band all of tho conboere lying (or bolor nod from the scattered boob and bats, the mor Toont ol many of the bottom animals rose b the surface of the 2. Even thon which to the maturity will not down to a medenuary life on the bottom, spend the Art of lite freely worming boafers of the plankton SoTM prosto Dew batch of LTTH te foto the partice cach day the Tovor of father and an ind found and nuto OT, mio puslar work with the regular members of the plastie Under the study and tordion te the post of the murace ut og depleted Thedalotos bet ·THE SUA AROUND US Auch, od tth them the other dimple plant. Still there brief oplodious of one or other form when lo manden of cal dir boa ft coge to clebin wboto vau of the lar om. So, for the auch per the water may become blotchod with brots, flylike mape, end tho thabermen's como o dripping a brown loc uod contantg Do toh, berrlog have turned my from theto water u though babu Lor of the backi, foul-emello J. But in time than a between the full mood and to det the spring SOWETTA Phacocyabb part ind tho matou hare cleared again la the prior the long to filled with migrations shos, como them bound for the moutbe of great rivers, which they microd to depodt tbels Spawn. Soch are the sprios ruach coming to from tho desp Palic fooding rounds to brtanti rollog flood of the Columbia, the shad morlog in to the w penke und tho Hodood and the Connecticut, the alwira log a buodred coutal creua of New England, tho wloon o their way to tho Penobacot and the Kennebec. For or you then tuh baro town only the match Now the spring and the matorlag of their owo bodies them back to the rivers of the birth Other mysterious comhops and poupar laced with thoadvaco of the yeur Capelin nther to the step, cold water of Bascata Sea, thert shoals followed and proyed Opoa by Boch mut, fulman, and klowaker Cod approact tho banks of ten, agd rather on the abores of Iceland, Birch whore water lecdig territory may have encompassed the wbolo Atlanto or the whole Paduc con verre upon como un mand, the entire breedtos populno trio within the space of a few day Whalo mddenly appear of the stopa of the coutal banka wbero the sum of shrimplike and are spawam tbe wala harias come from do 000 koow where, by do one knows what route. With the subssduo of the laloon and the completed twobog of many of the plattoo animali nad most of the Day C LA the curtice winters lactens to be hower pace of midammu Aloof the meeting places of the currents the pale mooo keby Aureba paten thousaods forming globos na or windrom ou troles o me, and the birds to their palc foron shimmer by deep down in the preen water Hy midtdamer the warpered jedytob Cyanea muy bueno porn from the sofa thable to that of a umbre de The great flytth more through the wb rhythnk pulsalons, rallip loof trouda and key por ahepherdooy a lite group of young cod or haddock, which dod thelter under its bel od thret with it A hard, brüllal, corsais pbospbote TAXE oftea thumb dates the comme la In mei stere the prorapoan Noallitas Labandant i la the chief source of this pimmer hun och ·THE CHANGING TEAR 31 wosing the que, or dorphies to the mirr with rachot ilarga and to cloibe themselves in a sbortlyndapotOr up to tho mnt sa may pletter with a thoband thouhod movtag plaprico of Bpk, ti immense mm od firelio morlog through a dark rood. Such in ofte b produced by 1 shoala briladdy phophorescent obrimp Mopinyethanol, c ture of cold and darkden and of the places where by water rolls upward from the depths and bubbles with white stopilop ut the multa Out on the plankton meadom of the North Atlantic the dry swinter of the phalaropes, ami brown bird, wbeoling and turnboy dipping rod slog la beard for the one was not wity sprlac The phalaropa bare Deded on the arctic tundras, reund ther youot, und now the art of them art returning to the end Most of them will coatlove south over the open to fur trom Land, crouroy the equator into the South Alanik. Hat they wth follow where the preal whales lad, for where the whales are there ako and the sum of plantion on which theso Arango luto birda grow tat. As the fallerancer, thoro art ocbet mortpents, some la che Putloce, kot bidden Lo the green depihe, thut betoken the cod of sommet In the for-covered with of Bening Sen, down vrough the treacherou pa between the blinds of the Aled- Han chain and mouthward lato the open Prats the bends of tur tak tro morto Left behind are two goal islanda tretiens bits of volcank nou thrust op into the main of Bering Sen. The bland are allen Dow bow for the strena) mooths of nommer tey rerounded with the roar of midloms of ab come anboto to bear and rear thetr yoxas the for seals of the cariera Po dic crou ded into a low quare miles of baro rock and crum bHot soul Now once more the real tuto mouth, to rou down Root the sheer undermier chuis of the Continents edes, aber the rocty foundatlon tal nay deepty into the deep m2 Hers ha a blachpes mxott brotute than that of arcu in the mah to do Hch feeding us they min down to prey on the tabos of this region of dartsu Athuma como to the man with fresh blaze of phosphoret cence, heo tery wave crede varie Here and there to whole wurkce may glow wtb tetta of cot tre, baie below xchoob of the poor through the water bike mollca meul Often the autuminal photoresce barred by a fan Boment of the duodarcza oraltspyrag lunos abort led doo of their rernal blocrom Sorbetima themaning of the glostot ter bominodu 01 the telle cart of North Amend, a may us that the De nith the dinoflagellare Gooyaalay minute plant contains ton of unange Kod tertible viruknct. A ·THE SEA AROUND VS dentata Goayalar coma to contrate the cottalp Foto of the babes and steiltah in be rietalty become tood. b because, to their formet feeding they bero strated the 100004 plankton out of the water Michaels Accomodate Conyantu tortor la the Iron, and the today reactan human Dermoos reem with in diect similar to that of pine. Because of these tacts, It to generally understood along Pric count that to bumbo to a shell takea troom exposed to the open a where Googles may be abundent ammer or arty fall. Por federations before the white tame, the Indian bow thh. As fon u tho sed etreat peared lo tbc hoa and the waras bem to dicter ut oight with mysterious blue preto free, the tribal leaders forbedo the of mumb tots there wunlodmals bould bare pood. T even set paard at internal cong the beaches to num balat ETT who might come down for abelos Lod be able to the language of the sun But mally the blaze and gutter of the man, Wacom tor for thor wbo produk loopla do monaco to man. trom dect of one nopea ocean, I my mm-tando wrvation post la tho vzt world of a mod sky x began Lod wearthly quality Man, to his volty rubcoordonly tributa. human on to y lucht not Imooo or an or Liputs on the shore, lights moving over the water met Lindled and controlled by other onen, KYLDI popox Randable to the buman mud. Yet bero are bghts that forh Indo y thu that come and go for twoms meaningle coan, Lights that have been dotag the very thms of that in such there were nomen to air in nagoe dlquiet On moct a night of phosphorticeat display Charta beneta flood on the dock of the Beast us who plowed southward throukh the Adaotc of the court of Brazil Tba ver from a citreme tumidores presented a wonder ful and mod beautiful appearmaco he wrote in bo diary. Every part of the water which by days keep us foars, flowed with pake Labe Tbe roue drone before ber bom two bilom ol quid pboopbonis, uod aber niko wa muky tnalo. As fur the yerercbed the rest of every nito robipht, and from the redtected upon the ity rm above the bortzog mus po uttetty dart stbo teu of the Herreal It wy Imporible to bebold ti plam of Dauer u Hvert melted and coorundor by beul, without benog redanded of Mitoas description of the repom ol Chna od Anarchy Lite the blazine colon i tho autat in leares before they wibet and fall, the autumnal pboxpbortscence betoto lbha Chr Det Door HXS Bert Xan Bart VHub Cinde Dirty IX 10 11 ·THE CHANGINO YLAR prorch of water After tbedr boet teen of a the not Intr und the other mouta dno dodo my to a scattered for wo do the shrimpsood the copepods, tho plastvora md the comb etc. The IUTH of the bottom tema batology boot completed the development od drifted avry to todo up to Trer altroco ta their lok Ered the rostog toh school hare do werted to moct nian and har minute mto um latitodes or bare found outlet nimth to the cor, quiet miten 2009 the edge of the continental shelt. Thero the torpor of soul hibernatoa doceo da opon them and will poor there durins * Boats of water The pudectwins now become the plaything of the water palen. As thonda build up the plane norm wire od rour Nont their creat, Lachlag the water boto form and dybos ry It retory that life me forcyer bara deserted the place For the mood of the biter , fuad Joseph Coands do werption. Ibo preness of the whola Imente portues, the nod tur row upon the face of tbe wire, the prou mame of foco, toned about and worin like marted white toch are to tho m. pkin perina of board or lostrelen, toll, with out dem, though it had beco creted before 1px wall. But the rymbots of bope ant pot acting area to the praydee cod bleem of the water. On land we too thin the ap peredt Hfdenen of water bo huon. Look cloocty at the bare branches of a tree, co which oot the palent pleam at Teen ama bo dhacerded. Yet, paced aloos cacti branch aro tbe la bucht, all the springa Duple of weiling preco concealed and afchy proved today the insulation, ortrlappilot layer. Plat od a plect of the rough bark of the trunk ben you and biberputar batth Dis down through the now loto the earth. Tbero ut the polprent emmerhaboppers bero a tho dormant nos trom which will conto the pue, the bart, the oak tret. So, too the Heaven, the bopeepen the despair of roca kiut ca avon Everywbero ut de erront that the cycle has come b the tot, cooking to means of how tenwal. There is the prombolda prose the try KIDER of the Inter xu bibe chining of the websich in bo for many wecke, become to berry tuul plonge dovowurd predptuar the Otertura bat bait at tabe druma ol Prior. Toate the prombs of acw web de mall plant ethiops thatatos to the locks of the vodkrty at hottom, the alonort formke polypy from stikt, to not toxtat of buyish bod od od be tato te for no rum. T In Sn Lc 18, Det ·14 THE SIA AROUND US coordons purpose to the legal forme of the hlbonatog oo the bottom, afo from the fuco soro, tatbed En toets they bodies by the catre Roro a to wilt tboy met Into the water drop Already from tho may dopo ai cod that have more watn by man, through the cold in to their openberg place plany probala of opp uro itaboy into to pra mtett, to the hand world of the water on, there ctes will begin mit dhrotona by which a murals de protoplato become al my Ishlat Most of all, pabape, there to Dco to the Ano dort of that ramalot la therurlaciten, the borbe pora o diston, becdlag Onty this touch a mamlag unod chenlab to report the pudo of sprto 4 Tho Sunims Soa Whore me whales con Sallow ml, we uke T VOTTIIN AHOLD BETWEEN the mind sortico Her of the open toe ind deo bits and rates of the ocean door bes the mus Ipo replog of the soul. Tboso deep, dert maton, with all their serica and their imsofred problemos, cores Vity conuderali part of the earth. The whole world ocodo attende over Stree-fourths of the face of the plobe. to tubtrast to sbal low area of the contoentul betra aod tho scattered banks and shoul, wbers at hente bo pale post of malight DOT OTT the Ondertyto botton, there till remains about half the earth the barrered by other deep, Hgtilled water that bu bees dat dinco the world bett This te god bo wthheld its secteurs obstantely say aber Mea, with all bus to prototy bas been able to restore oohy wolus turkhold. Curtas cants of compreended as bocor down to depths of about 100 feet. Hacin danceod about 500 feet perlas diving helme und .rabbertzed portt. Olyan men la at the history of the world baro had tho expor koca deterde ar, beyond the stage of visible tight. The do o WTI William Becbe todo Bartoo to the bathrobenh they reached a depth of you feel la the Oper content Boy muda, to the year 1934 Barton alone, la tho tonder / 14% descended to depth of A500 feet ad Callorals, towed pben ol somewhat didenyat design, and la 1953 Fract at ·H THE SUNLESS SEA of popetrand date penter than a mig, ahog far xeral bound top of cold und der now where the presence of in fnym bad ner belon boog mors Although only a lotmate for an are too deep in to proche bostruments of the oceanographer recording Hght pano tuin, predar, Balty and comperature, bar free the matarble with watch bortcoostrud 2 laclaction tbe certain fortiddly reploos. Una be morteco maters, whilch are kendt thro to overy of tod, which loow day and not respood to bo pod of Rod Doog, and share the sexom chung the deep wat in . plan weto con coma donty, H A al. Down bogood the reach of the amo'lmay, thero do alteration of light md darbou. There rather on a plot, a od thora tal for most of the creatures, proplay their way code Lonly through to Black Waterh, It be a place of hanger ben food banke und hard to fit, e shohtories plea wao thanh do actory from one pritet tona, wb000 CHO only more on and on, from birth to death, through the dart Det, conned abs prhon to his own particular layer of de They med to my trust nothfar conla ifto to the deep you. It wa bellel that mat baro bera my to accept for without proof to tho contrary bow could woooo coocetre of life to ruch a place7 Actotury up the British biologie Edward Rorhes wroter AS ndaceod deeper bod dorper lato this region, tho Inbabkan become more and moro modified, and tower add tower fant bor oor proech to an aby where it better aulausbed, or exhibits bata few sparta o quart to interior preme.com Yot Forber torged further explondon and thus res dorp tau replon to petuo fortver the question of the chance of uro at pret depth Eren then, the oldest v securulating Str John Rosa, darbo bih esploration of the room to 1812, had brought up from depth of 1000 fathoma muda wbket beroer worms Thou prorlot hent wa salmal life in the bed of the otun DO caodlot the darknem, stiloce, leoce, mod kame prat fure produced by more than mile of supermicutnbent water Then from the prveytoy theo Butto monos a proponed Dortete toute for cable fron Pune to Labrador to 1860 CLMC Locher mport. Tb. Bulldog's sounding me, which at opo place had beta lored to lie for Wome thone on the bottom at derd of 1 60 fuboms, cmn. op lub 1) earth duonos to the Through thex with the ship'i bateralist wtore the deep ba mot forth the lors curete mesit. But DOC tot son of the day went proper to meet the wwerted that the partsh bud cooruitrely home here on the way out to the surface ·14 THE SEA AROUND U3 La taste your 1860, e able to the Moditetne mbed for repairs from a dept of 1200 fatboom. It w be hartly captarted with comb and other item bad attached themsetra de arty euro of developed from to pratutty over a period of mootb or years. There not tha thood chance that they had becomo angled cable a bets nuud to the partice Then the Challenger the trut sbtp en equippod for octapo pophl aploration, set out from England to the your 10 kr trucad a couno around the globe. Froca bottom lying mber of water from dlant doops carpeted with red day pod ood from all tho Hetlen totermottate depths, per bal settes and fantastic autora aume up sod spied out on tbo decla. Porla opor the weird bent broopt up for the funt tione into the light of dry beap man had crer coa boloro, the Chalangor ochenta rodited Hfe extrtod ota on the docpest Door of the abyu. Tbo receat dlmcovity that thing clood of womo un creatarea pread aver couch of the acted in depth of bundred Sashoon below the fusince the mod orcubay that bo been learned aboo the act of my year. When, dorto the dru qurer of tbo twentieth centary sounding we developed to allow ships wille under way record the depth of the bottom, probably Do One suspected at * would also provide a beans of larang somethtag deep-ses Ble But spension of the Dew bustruments NOR 7 correted that the bound wares, directed downward from the ship mke a beam of light, were reflected back from any solid oblect they cor. Amuerto ecboos were retared from intermediate depths, presumably from schools of tak, whales, cabutoes, ban a secood echo wortotived fra the bottom There Encu mere po wall tablosbed by the late 1930" that thertoe had begun to talk about ming their fathompetent to much for wchools a berria Theo the wur brodytut the wools nubject onder erket security regulations, and little more wits head about it. In 1946 bowote tho Unitod Suta Niy hamed # spolticent buletio Item roported that several dienthet ornag with sonic equipmcal fo deep motor of the California coast, had discovered a pletpred tayer of Kore wort, blah pare back as ansverloj esbo to the sound mya, Tuba reed tas be recandy suspended between the parteco me the door of the Paclac, mas found over en tra 300 mlio wake by Lay from 1000 to 1500 feet below the partice. The drovery u code by three kestists, CP Eyrian AJ Christ od RW Rant, aboud the U.S.S. Jorrer bo 1942, and fors time the myrteriom phenomenon, of wholly unknown to walled the ECR laser Thee bo 1845 Martha w Sohoton ·THE SUNLESS SEA marto Haloghat of the Serlippe locitation of Oceapopriphy modo further discorery with me their choo to the pour if the layer. Worldogsbord that, £ 1 Salops, Johnson ound that whattra aut back the robou morod puud id Loweverd ba tythrok fupilog, belag found dear to place a wight, to deep water datot to day Thiba dhcorery digored at pocdation that the retoction con from something loan et, perhaps a pere pbydel decontoutty la the water mod howed that the loyers composed of log creature capable cootrolled Ottent From this time on, discotetor about the real phantom bot om cane rtploty With widespread of ccbo tounding to them, I bo become clear that the phenonton b Dot omething pecoller to the cont of Callfornla alone. It occur Hoort contreally lo dep ocean budimanftmy by day t. depth of several hundred lathon, at night dog to the pract, odpalo, before mante, stoking into the depth On the puro of the US.S. Henderson from San Dlepo to Do Antarctic in 1947 the reflecting buyer we detected during The greater part of each day at depths ryto from 150 to 430 futbom, and on a later ro trom San Diego to Yokorok., Jon pers, the Houderson Slachotooter pan recorded the layer every day ofertoy that it is almost commonly crow the c. Durto Juhy and Adgart 1947 do US.S. Nervu made coutindo fabortion bron Part Harbor to the Arctic and found to scattato layer over a deep waten along this Color It did bot derelop, bower in the shadow Bertos and Coockcheemu. Sometimes la tho morało the Nerd inhome showed to layers, responding in diderent me to the porio Mumination of the uter both descended lato decp water but there to laternal of twenty moda bencantho ttro docente Despite attempt to rempla o or photopopb 1, no obs pure bat the layer b, akhough the discovery cosy be made my day There are thrro prespal theorie, act of which has the bol mupporters. Accoritos co the theories, to mas Phantom bottoo muy coorld of all ploo took throne of toba, or of space Au for the plankton theory out of the most cortotas utothat be the reloom Cact tw many ploolioo cottura takt teralis Tertio mination of buodreds of feet, Halog toward the musco udaktor down bdow the root of Upbt portretin very cut be the mornton That cou, cely the beberfor the cuttertag lyer bateau I learently woody ropedot by roolit. The te la pre kto almost to be held prhodet ut ·THE SEA AROUND US the ad-ot the pm's my throughout the boon of duty vatting only for tho wdrome return of dartney to by ward into the fact mith. But what the power that pela md but the attraction that draw then furcenard the inhibiting force is removed? Is It comparative stay. enemies that make the reek dateer. It monrabandast food Deer tho turto that turn them bect under contra picht? Thou who my thut Baba aro tbc ruledon of the sound o Duy Account for the vertical minions of the layer a recting that tblah ate feeding on planktonte shrimp and following their food They believe that the al bladder of 1 # of all fractures concerned, most likely from its construct to return a troy actio There is one oubitanding dimculty the way of acceping the theory wo havo no Orber * that coactatutions of th art Deally prescat to the La fact, most everything cle we know ougest that the desse populations of Bab Itse over the cootinental shelves ori certain rery dettauto determined zones of the open OCEAD food la particularly abrodat tho reflecting layer b Ily proved to be composed of th, the propuliaj view of distribution wil bavo to bo ndially revised "Too poort Karting beory (and the one that rearm to have fewek cupporter) that the layer corsets of cooceduration quod, hovering below be Muminated zone of the sea uwarong ibo arnal of dortpen to which to rerumo teir n into the plankton-rich wurface watert. Proposent of tbs theory are that squad are abundent enough, and of enough dignbution, to give the echoes that baro bera plc up almost everywborn from the equator to the two points an known to be the role food of the sperta wale, found to the opeo ocruas to al temperate and tropical water Tbey who form the excluove duet of the bottlenosed here and are catro atoautvely by most orbes lootbed baton, by mouk, and by Day se birds. All these facts argue that they must be prodip owly abundant It u true that no bo ban torted come to the sea ut face ut obt hare recetred and impression of the abandon uod attity of squirts to the auto ten la durkport Loos * Jobs Hjort wroto Ose nicht * were bunlay bog loes on the Faroe shops, worklas with a clectric lamp hangot over the dicke border to set the Ine, wben hike lightnms Luba ooc quid alter other hot toweds tos Deht In October 1902 we de coc odhat keaming outside the slopes of the coast banks of No ray and for muy milo my cowHet the spulda borios de ·THI SUNLESS SEA portce witan iku luminod bubbla, reconblog lange milky Whabe destits am beboy coustroth it and atngulahod. Thor Heyerdahl report that a lot his natt olienty bombarded by squito nod Richard Flemtot ar that la bla octinoprophl pot at the Court of Panama wa common to Palomeone tools of quld gathatny at the preco solgte und laptog upond toward the fights that wero used by the reo to operate the lostruments. But squly spectacular po face duplays of thrimp bu boco con ad most people find i dulcutt to believe in the Oce-wide abundance of squid. Deep-Ret phocyphy bolds much probe for the solutio of the mynay of this phratom bottom. There aro technical dit Ocuttien, ruch stbo problems of bolfing a comer um sit op at the end of i lang cable, twiring and turniotom pended from ship which bell more with the wa Some of the pictures to take look u thoop the potoprapbor bon pointed Whenen a a tarry sky and trug it on arc a broposed the ulo. Yet the Norreglana biletoglat Ounar Rolefoo bad LA mcouraging erperlenco to correlating photography with echomam. On the remarch ship Joken Hjort of the Loron Nonton bo percently for relection of pound trom schools of miste la 20 to 30 Cadboms. A specialty cooxtructed amor a lowered to the depth Lotioned by the tchogram When developed, the tim Dlhowed noortas hapes of this a distance, and large and denty recognizable cod appeared in the beam of light and bor cred to trock of the lu Direct sampling of the layer to the logical means of decorer bogus kokentity but the problem b to develop large nuts that can be operated rapidly cough to capture formy sumul Scientin e Woodá Bole Manchonsetts, hurre tored ordinary plankton nets la the layer and here found that euphoud sorlep, pas orm, and other deep-water planktop art cooceterited there but there is all uponubdity that the layer wat may actually be made up of larger for fecubos on the Arlons-o lurpe or swih to be ule mtbe presently cred Det Now Beta Any ptve the ummer Toeruloo other por Shandowy and indenko ihomed they be, thew retent bodier Hoos of an abundant au cold-skphs pret with the reports of the only oktyen bo ban utally opted coorpanable depibi od brought back stwo uccounts of but ibey WT lleon Decbe lonpitulom from the bathyphere one of life far mort abundent od varied the be bad bem prepared to find, utboust, one period of pi geus be bad nick may hundreds of Det lauls to the one ure. More than quarter of mit denen he munted upsreptions Hint than the IT 40 Oranje Nega N. 小 ·THE SIA AROUND US l hayd ryk en there At bak, minthe deepest of the butycobert De Bebe realed that there w mot -ben a mleto plaktoo Tu not imitles to puth of the bam, The antece of abordant docpta from ww & stoch probably maillots of younur, by ceruin whala and abs # Dow openn, by roals the lace on of all whale, kunder by fourmim, wwe land mmmmah Tboy must bara bera Predatory beurts, Lt wo in to judge by their powerful fama twoth. Pertapt in thet for stop about the deltus of prout or wround the edge of baltow rou, tbry decorurod to dance of oth and albar marturo We end over the w forned the habit of following thein further and fartha bato Hu Litto by Edo thetr bodite took on form on table quath the ther had Habs were sotuesd to nodiceatt, whil may be discovered modern whalo by descction, and Torehlumbe were modified Ilo otpada Lor weering and bal Ereotually the whaka, u tough to divide the ma's rhonce among them becamo separated toto three groups plotos-eater, the fabrator, and the squid Attor. Tbo too-cattog whales an att only where there are derske of all throp or copeports to mupply their pormous food qalremote. This timju ubem, actpt for scattered arou, to and Letargue wuers sed the best seperti latitudes. Flat to whales may nod food orer Omewbut wider noro ocean, but they uro reincted to places were there are mon population of stooling Aah Tho bloo walar of troplo and of the opeo ocean banas alert little to chtber these propt. Bot that larmcar, square-beaded, Carmidad toothed hale ENOTA = the actuator or to whalo Cred loop ago what men bare known for oaly a sbort that hundreds of factboms belor the most uatenunted Patmi of these replace there b an abuadant almal ufe. sperm whale bu takoo these deop wilay for hela bont! food bta quarry b the deep-muter populatioo of squka o duding the quant squid Architects, which res pelasically depths of 1500 feet or more. The head of tbo spetto wake otien marted wah loog utrpes, which consta of praat oor ber of circular saan made by to pusters of the quld. From orld We commagine the battle that po or to the dartoon of the deep niet betreco tben two huge creatures perm whale with a 70-100 butt, the quid with a boty a low # 30 fest, od wishboy pasploy and etteodos ibe tout Length of the come to perhaps 50 icet The petert depth at which the plant squid liver la Dot nitely know, but there a one fastructive plece of wickart about sepub to what iparra hans bertat, pokud ·THE SUNLESS SEA mard of the squida In Apri 1932, the able repalr ship 40 His borealpattog pateat breal to the submarte bable better Balboat the Canal Zono and Emeraldas, Ecot for The al ts brought to the parli od the coud of Com Hocbia Enundled bh was a dead 45-foot make perm whak. The aboadino cable nu wbited troud ibolovu tawud Appel Around ooc tippe the body wod the ainda furn The able worked from a depth of 540 fathoor, of 3240 feet Some of the mal ho appear to ban dhcovered the hidden food res of the deep coue. It has loop bero pomahing of I myker) bere and on what the northern tar mub of the uero Pococ feed during the water woch they end of tho out of North Amala tron ifornia to All Then bano vidence that they are leading to any put outent on aardiner nackard, of other commercially important fiabe Preconabły our or wts could not compete with commercial nba Den for the mind da without the fkt belang kown. But here b korx cridhoct on the diet of the fur call, and to Aphty rottel Thelt formcha have yielded the boons of . pocter of in that has dever been reen altro Indood, not even trobo bare been foupd anywbete except to the stomach Wheb. Ichthyologhat my that this moal lab beloop to Top hal typkaly inhabits very deep water od the edp of the patlamal bel. For etiber while or morbi cocort the tremendou pre TO tanpa brotred te dire o trenul bundred lutho ba Dot Sedawcy koon. They at warm blooded manual do our etter oor diren, which b cained by the mapud nccumula- Hon of nitrogen bubbles ba be blood tth rudden rclemo of Nort, Las bomo diens if they are brought up napully from Sentbe of 200 feet or me. Yet, according to the centimony of bum, a balcon whals, wen harpooned, aan dive Malphi donato depeh of hallele, mesored by tho mount of Hoc arried out. From these depths, beren bu Rotamed precott of ball a ton o cey act of body it retutto lmost medustety to the worfuce. The most plausible aplanati Hort, olike the diret who he ur proped to be baile her oder per the whole bus body only the funned supply Carrier dona, tad does not hore coough a troca os blood bo do serious barm. The plan trubbowever thou we really do por la doce bomooty booposants to croftbrboi Whake and aperiment a Read arod u tour to door dead outsintorly Ai Art thoudt pandor that caters of such teat incury the almagt mod the ryth one lire under the coodidons of breatory pre has prend le deti ter for createt ut home in the dep, bowee beantos ·THE SEA ALOUND US ta that the prescoro boste their there be the same u than Os, and key * telt balance la presened, they art than it MT locootealanced by pred of ioner ordinary amoubede prestra. And most aby creatoren Duna bo remembered, ro out their whole Hiru har tely restricted tops, and are nore required to sdh ** wchra to extreme can got of prere. But of course then m exception, and the real men NIO La relation to prest pressure to not the talent that I the whole lle on the bottom, bearing e prestare of perbuat or i tons, but thow that remolarly move up and do hundreds or thousands of feet of vertia abunr. The sharterpie nad other placaktonte creature that concead into? Wier during the day un caurple Fbh that poc ett b ders, on the other hand, are vially afected by abrupt the of pretre, - anyone know who ha voca trawa' maled from a bundred fashome. Apart from the accidents of los captare la pet od babied op throasi waters of map databahlog preure, Ash mey somethina wunder out a 2006 to bich they are djated and those themdes sablo retuta. Perhaps to their purpoft of food they roam opward the calling of the zone that is theirs, and beyood wou ble boxe dary ay may pot stay without teetbas ellen boborpiuabic coad.com Morios troca layer to layer of tri they feed, they may po beyond the bor Baba bewarded premuro at there upper maten the per within the air bladder crpancs. The the become Webter more buopaat. Pertiagi be trket to fight his way down a gatha poslog the opwind uit with all the power of his muda. It doo Dot picceed, be Yalls to the marince, balared kod fox the abrupt rekam of propers from without cases Dog and rupturo of the truet The compression of the ra under its ows welght Irelati ly allpht, and then nobals for the old and picturesque bel that, at the deeper levels, the water resist the downward age of objects from the sile Arronding to ibba bebel, Los ahlpy, the bodies of drowned boen, and presumably u bodies of the larger va sama pot consumed by bung D, DOTO mtach tho bottoan, but come to rent ut * Imre delermed by the relation of their ora welahat to the card prethod of the mates thero to dritt forever The ne ha lan rything will coolin to dok u lao la fpecie anty fretter tha thut of the arrowdog water and a large bodia desecond, a matter ofw days, to the occap door. As testimooy to the lact, nt brot op from the deepest ocean brýnt the teeth others and the bard ear boods of whalet Neverthele the weight of sea mier--the presiog dodo ·THE SUNLESS SLA pic mater opos Jl the detytu layan dop buntice Laba dieet upon the water well. I thu doromand compte could addendy be reud by come pir culous ropension of narnim, tum lord would do about 93 tret all are the fixorta. The would in the Adantic coutlood the United Pata wortwurd bundred mia or more and alter other fumfla peorrupble out 21 ore the world. Immeux prem, then boot of the prerolog coodition of He la the deep mau, datoen to another Tbo mirded durtpand the deep we bas produced werd od locrediblo mod Hantom of the abymal man lih blachnen divorced from te world of the popular that probably only the tow men who have scat with their own su cm haualba . We know that Hight leda out mority with descent below the purtace. The red trys are poor the end of the fing 200 oC 300 tcot, und with the 20 the Orip und rallor month of the art. Theo tho prestade och od ut 1000 feet ooty 1 decy, dark, brilliant bloeb lett. la very clear in the loketny of the spectrum may depotrue mother thooned feet. Beyond the ta ooty choo blackpom of the deep seh 10 i cunoo my the color of marios Animals tend to bo robuted to the poor to which they lira. Fator of the portaco waten, Mke the mackered and berrioz ohm aro blue or frou are De Dond a thr Portuguer me-of-w kod the re-tinted wtop of the twitter my onte. Down below the datom trend om and the dritte arrestom wood were the water becomes ETET more deeply bnhuotty blos, many creatura art cryta dear Tbetr pory abonny forma blood with their wortomodap od male K er for them to elada tbe mer present, mer hogy coemy Soch are the transparent bordes of the error Worma o prostornos, the coob joblier, od the larvm of SADY habat Ata topsand fact, and on down to the very cod of the ans muy diery Baba are comod, and may otben at red, drab browe, of bact Meropods are dart nolet Artonorm wbox Idathron la the upper layer an colores, bet deep red. Jayih meinsc, which ubora would be trapper col, a depth of 1000 feet are a deep broro At depth rate than 1500 feel the tabas are back deep volt, a brown, but the privu weu amadeg boer of red carlet, od purple Why mo opt as Ay Since in the red on are ralped out of the matct (ur abon this dorth, be sukt nalmrot of thew Creatorti ca oay look back to the ads bon The deep hours, uod restupe bere tod there cen aod that equirakot of moonlight, for the me Mbepom.coop of tumloestocs deployed by pertama - ·THE SEA AROUND US all the fahe that there in dimly it or derttoed nitern many of the Lover forms well. Many tisha aur bodde torches that can be tumed marodov, prebo the food at purrunt that prey Oxhen laro tom of Porto ther bodles, in patterns that very from podle to para Duy bol port of recopico murt or badoo by white better cho be known a trodd ar wery Tho despre chce a part of fuld that becomes a amlocus dood, the terpart of the tot' of hita hallormter relattro Down boyond the rate of orta the loarea and procent the main the go of tabe becocto eliced, thout make the mod of may chance Momination of historey port, they wey become the coples, Lerp of leos, and protreba deep-tubes, hunting away in dart mutes, the open tend love the song or color percetubong call of the retas, and locTon the rock which pencere fire bilgtet. Ennetty modification to on land among the strictly prowlane which hko abuelth, der the collegat. Lo bar world of darton, it would seem likely that some the apimab poight have become butod, u bu bappanood to are farme 50, bodeed merry of the hoto, compensaties the lack of res with martelony dereloped fedent and i alcoder and procestea with which they hope there may ko many bind me with cana, that whole bowlad po Arteod, Coctail, or food coming to them through the sun touch The last tree of plant tiro ero left behlod for the thila layer of water for no plimt ca livo below about 600 fect Latery cloer water and for food enough sunlight for madulicurtos acthttle below 200 let Sa Do Koral make the own food, tho came of the deeper waters HT unga aloost partie existenta of utter dependence on Cpper Layal There hungry artrora proy Barcely and Lauly apoo each other hot be wholo comunalty lwtboer dependent upon the alor nula of descending food partieken abore. The corpodents of the Dover-ending nla are the demo tod dyto plant and animal troca the surface, or from one of the later oodate basert For each of the fortronul poog comudanties of the sea that is, ta tler utar ter betwta for mutaco and the bottoms, the food supply ba durereat and to pomal poorer than for the layer abors. They bo blot of the deco od wcompronta competition for food to the use tootbed An of some of the mall, drugatit mber of the desper wuer, in the budeme mouths and to the custk bodde traditle bodies that make t poolble for • .sb to old other several Uma la dre, majortig swift repletion after a ·THE SUNLESS SUA Us Preapur, dartner, and bond badded only a few yondance, crote confittom of this the deep con. But KDOT DOY thed the conception of the va uidit peab boly furo. Me apeleoco with hydropbopu and other to teatoi derica for the detection of subconto ho proved that pood the bott Ing of much of the world, then the tordborry uproar produced by the, trimps porpolan ad probably other forms dot yo kentind. There has been de borrarution on yot of wood to the doop, obor free, but when the cow of the bottle lowered bytrophopo lato deep wto od Bamode, they recorded arap mowing soonti, thulaks, od portty monn, the source of which are not born inced. But mot balowe money bavo been captured mod coocd bo quarla, where their volcas bar bece recorded for pompebod with sound beard a me, md to many cute albo factory Whentication can bo made Duloy the Second World War tho hydropbone betwoct met up by the United States Nury to protect the cotranco to Cheet pato Bay wus temporarily medio melon we, ta the prior of 1:42, the speakers u tbo priaco bem to tro forth, mary geuing a wound described as boby Die Spoonatio arm tour op perubat. The truncoo Dobra that CD ore the by dropboom completely masted the sodorta dl tho parast of pipe Eventsby i no decovered that the sound on the Tolce of thosh kova u dute, which in the prin coro into Champaat Bay from thels odabort Watering prouode. As soon the moc had been beatified and analyzed. It w porrible to torto out with an electrice After so that onco more only the povoda of ships ame through the speaken Later ha to name a cboru arouter wu dlecovered of the pher of the Scruppo Institution « La Jola Every year from Alay sath Lato September the trening chorus ber om most, od eta puntly to Budy uprour of barb from croal, the best protind of soft drumming Tun cod Hooa wabuted for two to three bount and fatty apori o to burridal cotonta a nut lateryalt. Several pent of Croat # bola to guara paro sound Modlar to the 107 cooks, be the authon of the moſt bect ground drammas Prerumnabiy knother spedes of croater-ban out yet been the covered. Opo of the mod extraordinarily widespread rounds of thou dab the archio di comd, uite dry mo bumperor fot frylo beard Marbode of the puppy shop Thus to round shton about ball bach dupeter with or ray bre de che bed to stop to pray The hot Loreret dktar the two batets of the claw toretber and the Domanda of ciclu the collectively protect the core in ·THE SEA AROUND US relatos y Adriatase that made posibile the stretnulas bas protoplannia porld only a lishe kam bortle time rectatataplanctors que 6 Hidden Lands So won cool e Leon Where due was a clery VATION ALOUD The marr Baroponerer to w Tom the wilde Prethe curious about tho hidden warida bedent bla whip. Betre two coral blanda of St. Paul and La Thuidos father Archipelago Magellan ordered he wounding ho to be I wu tbe carvational line wed by axplorent of tho day oro thao 200 futbots longIt did not touch bortom, Magellan doctered that be wus over the depast part of 0cm. Of coutro be completely matake, but the ooom! Wus Dono bele bbtorke. It was then turno ho the history be world that . Daripator hand attempted to add the of the open con Three centuries btar lo the year 1839 St Jame Court R Het out fron Endand o commod of two ships with names dask forebodine, the Crow and the Toror bound for the most prvigable Imn of the Antarctic Oca Asbe on he course be tried repeatedly to obtals sotse best for Luch of a proper time. Fmally be had opo constructed board, of three chocuted a bundred fathost, or nther tban foar udla to length Da the 3rd of January 1a 27 26 S., lapitude 17 20 W the weather and all ochor at cuntanca belos proptthon, we fucceeded in obtaintos sono bag with two thousand four hundred and twenty-dre fachowo of this, depresion of the bed of the ocean beberth to the face very litto sort of the donation of Mount Blanc abort Tule wa the Art uccele abyssal rosong But takids sounding to the deep ocena wu, and loot it mained, a laborioon ood time-coatintos tust, and knowledged tbc .denten zopography bred coalderably behind our ** quaintance with the landscape of the dous dide of the con Over the years, Dethods went improved. For the berry bem Lioe used by Rox, Maury of the United Sta Nery cubsthund ettroag twis, ad in 1870 Lord Kelvin med pleso wbt. Erat with boprond part deep-ter bundlog required mene boon of Hoteles entraday By 1854 Whea Blacry out Sected all anil.blo records, only 180 deep winding warm

·yor
01/19
why
wx CS*90°7
The USS uno o pico de poche
of Lodonti Corror where it to the
outer ne of Garre Bent.

·0 titrupent that trico contato profile of the bottom neath the movtog hb (though only for an obtato pa Ludos much later than they can be plotted on the chute it THE SEA AROUND US ablo from the Athuotis, kod by the there the model pobu on mu developed, the total that bead been takia trom all occu bacts of the world nu only about 15,000 That's hy one roumdlag for an area of 6000 square mila Now hundreds of reacts an equipped with took ut deptha mater than 2000 tuhom) Souadiopo de by Hale, Hto tho chetulk of a bogu map belong led boy arts, the baddon coutotun of the oceto ard core play BALL with this rocent prognben, H 1 be year beton in und detailed role map of the ocean barns can be con DC The real bottom topornphy is, however wall Osaw bero pued the tildo Iba, the thrro great prorince of ocen ar to continental theral, tb. slopes, and the door de doop na Euch of the support alfarvot from the others a un arcthe topirn from a range of Rocky Mountain The continental shelf of the wa, yet of all reploot of poena ft by pod tk the band Subhght penetrated to all but deepest parts Plants arif to the Wien Abort, ma moedac to its rocks and may to the power of the warau Fami -ok the weird monsters of the aby-DOT OVAT Uke berds of atth. Nuch of Hs betroco b darived from Laod the cod cod the rock frugtocats md the rich 1 rted by ruoning water to the res nad peatly deposited on thell. Io abioerred naboy mod in, la appropriato parts of th world, hart bets arred by placiens foto a topoprapby A, Hko tho parthen landscape w Loow cod the tertula band with rocta ad parel deposied by the moving too short. Lo deed many part (or portups w) of the belt bare veco dry laod to the roolople past, for coorpantirety alight fall of kevel bu autoed, me and upin, to aporo i to mind nodom ood rain. The Grand Band of Newfoundland rove above the anckent u ood were fubmerged into The Docter Desk af the North Sea thell at once i foregod laod lababıled by pre batorke bouts, Dow Is Yorekt an arrada and is deur ure aiba of a part of ibe my, the coorbeptal abatre are partage mon directly Looportant to mu a soura of material thap The praat faharter of the world, ab only a few aceptioot, w confined to the relatively shallow water over the contipenda shelre. Sesreeds ant patbered from thelr abmerged plates make scores of substances ared to Loots, drop od sticky commerer As the petroleum reserva lot or cootincolo by sockast seas becoase depleted, petroleum testarters locate ·HIDDEN LANDS 61 more and more to the od that my be, yet unmapped ud barpotted, under those bordatglande of the pea Tho bere bain & the deling ud atood and a rothy dopiny plates. The 100-athom contour tred to boukea the boondary betroca tho continental shelf and the top How to customers to place the childos herover the prodo dedirty of the ball charges abrupdy to strepar descent to wird abyou deptha. Thu rodd Oper the areny depth at which this chto occim, to about Tz tatboter the greatest depth of any bei la probably 200 to 300 fattomas. Norbert od the picte cout of the United Statal the coototal bel toroch mon than 20 la wa TUWD4* hancerito al conte bordered by one mountato perbapo All to the proceu of formation on the Ameriem aut court, bore et dorth of Capo Hatterns the shell bunch w 150 mile wida Batu Hatieru mad at fouthern Florida it smerdy be narront of tbretbolda ta thosa. Here to cart durclopmeet eros to be related to the press of that great and rapidly for bortreto-thore, the Chill Stream, which at the place mon clove tmbora The widest betres la all the world an thoro bordering the Arctic. The Barcuta sa halb 750 mlles cro. It who relam tirely detetu bing for the mouth part 100 to 200 futbom below Tarlack, though ttu door had wapped od beto dowpinsped under the load of pleclella. It hoord by deop troops between whilch beaks and blanda a further evidence of the Tork of the sco. The deeper abatres TOUDd tho Aduaretto contineat, where toeding to marry art show depth of ad hundred ſobom Dear the cost and cootbourg om at the ibdl Once beyood the edge of the shell, un vroualize the nectar dedhtia of the continental dope, we beplo to feed the oratory od the alien quality of the deep bo rubenos darte to pronto pronturo, the partner of plent llle hue been left behind and bere art only the threloved contoun of rock rod day of mnd nod and Blologically the world of the comicoual Lope, ble that of the aby world of solmabmorld of armort wbort cacb Graturo para mpoo another for to plant hy bere and the poly coa thu din dore ftoon store in the dev burb of the thor of the prit valere Host of the popar un below the too o pulea min atlon, ret the monog wuer mine ol the occio Curtota pocos lost them to the comme pour the puts the kte bente plan there, they for the rol the deep, bopel Otograpbitly the slopes in the most hoorlos all the rule the curts. They in the rate of tbt Rucare ma tukt ·THE SEA AROUND US bedak They in the farthe most bounds of the contact, true place of beloning of tho sa The dopor art the and hlbert escarporeats formd anywhere on the earth Avenge belght 12,000 feet, but to some places they rand Immcaso baight of 30,000 feet. No coathreatal motot bas prot difference of dertion betweca It toothills tu pek. Nor to the mandeur al dope topography contined Det uod belght. The wopas uro tb site for at ibe mer terlons iatures of the tel These are the mobmurtoe om with the seep cihte und wiedlog rellor cutting back into walls of ibu coatlacote. The canyons have now been found! o many part of the world that when sounding bare! tren la presently unexplored uw wo shall probably and they are of world wide occurrtoca. Geologiae my that one the anyoda vero f roed wol Athin the most recent diri dreologle time, the Cooocok, most of them probably to Pietalocone, million year ago or ler. But bow and what they won carved, no one an my Their orda la 000 tho moc body disputed problems of the coun Only the fact that the canyons are docply hidden to tho bers of the son (any extending to or more below Ker krol) prevent them from being cewed with the most spectacular actory The comparison with the Onnd you of the Colorado ultantableLito iter-cut land he canyoos are deep and winding nlicy, V-thaped in mation, thetr walls alopes down at I Heep angle to a Door Tb Location of many of the larrort on ETH 1 connection with mode of the atat rtvers of the ourth of tipo Hodon Canyon, one of the largert on the A esperated by caly shallow all from a loog valley tour wooden far more than intred alla crop tho con un.co Khelf origmustlog at the entrance of New York Harbor and the estuury of the Hubon Rhrer There are luspo canyon od te Coago the lacus, the Ganges, the Colombia, the SIO Fracta tod the Alldrappl, sccoritos to Fract Shepard, ooc of the prtoctpal studeat of the cunyoa problem. Nooterey Choroby Calford's, Profesor Shepard point out, b located od endal mouth of the Sellow River the Cap Breton Cloyon in France #Ppean to have to ration 10 curbs tre but actually be at an old Arleenth-centary mouth of the Adour Rirer Their tapo and uppertot relation to ahtlos tres bort led Shepard to merei ist the fubmurtas anotach Hvert u kome time when ther porra ment above sa kral Think relative youth of the canyons lecot to relate them to come be penlop to the world of the Ice Age. It is peoerly a pred dome a level wu lovered durtas the clerico of the real placer ·HIDDEN LANDS D for trt nu vedere from the mand frated to the loo The Bet mou poloha vy that the name omared colye fr hented Ite-5X be nic that old bosoottery to to count for the compens. According to ou toory then at hairy mature mood to was the time when the chechets troch andra kre fell the love, mod dired up by wma potred down the callental llopa od comrad out the curYOOL Face poc de petit ortoce boondocht, bow. crer vimply do not boy bow the canyon cume Into bola med that mystery rematon The Boar of the deep corn but ts probably sold the e L. In all the hundreds a masomo yun that han kutervened since the formation of the abja, then deeper de floor bare DCPTT, a law an learn, bora drabod at thetr covering water. While tho bordatog shorts of the coctomat hare kom, a starting pootople y now the prrt of win od pola the abiling tools tan and wiod and trowe, away the abyw han lain dar the wharetoptar cover of miler deep water But this dont not in that the contours of the abobro remacdoncbanrod place the day of the creation. The Door al the walk to Aed of the continande, bathta Crost over the potea cealer of the wurth. taber throat up to toleta od hath tho batator cocks by imperceptible degna od Wurlota muy from the corrios layer there a falha iway buto det trenchanting to the way and at of armstal ad Homeok od upa o posto up toto the coodle dupes of moderna modnias a todo ball pwed from forura to Until Tyroot fant buy buen the bloo ofron phen od oceanogribers to spent of the floor of the deep en 6 Youd comparathey level plate. Tbo autanet of certain bopopaprite letter we recognized as for comple, the Athunde Aldre mod budober of very deep deprendous like the llamo Trench of the Philipptoe But there could med to be the asteptand toureruption of fu Aoor that oben be honed here. Thite keprod of the dataces of the ocean boor wu thoroughly destroyed by the Swedish Deep-Son Espodklon, which wuled Croce Goteborg lost ter o 1947 od speat the folostos 15 mooth apłorto the bod of the ore WWE the Swedish Marros a crossing the Atlande to the directio of the Pu um Cal, the wokatiis aboard Tuttocdibed by the GO toegedpan oths osta foge Rarely that fitbometen reveal more than I cookthit der of Leyd plan med de bortoes prodilo roxe wild to cortom ara contracted og + G Pantaan maakt, half me to rent a la la to chat.

·THE SEA AROUND US Predfic, tho teven bottom contours made it difficult to maoy of the oceanographike bratruments Martie tube lett betuind probably lodged to opet Citate One of the acception to bly or mortaloon the Indian OCOND, where, sootbed of Coloe, the run for en boodred miles screve pale. Attuare take bottom ampla from the plato bad Indo poco free con a broken repeatedly mppattog that to bottom burdened in and that the bote num plieno pulpet been formed by the outpourlop dl subtoertoo volcados Atupendous moule. Perhaps the lan plato indor the Ocem bra undernea Coumierpart of the great basaltic paul to the eastern part of the State of Washington, or of the platen of lode, both of balck rock 10.000 feet thick. Lo part of the Adeatic bago the Wooda Hokr Lunion) vue Ashanto has found. Det plalo Occu much of the ocean bus from Bermada to the Atlante R uod ho to the east of the Ridge. Only the of knoll, mbly of rotax onpo, farop the tren coutoon of plan. There particular roman to Bat that # mens pirtist have retroed Larpsty and turbod, receitas deposits wedista OTET sa Impremise period of time The deepest depreradas on the foot of the set occur not the CEO of the ocean bapa u might be opected, but the coatlet One of the deepest tractes of the danno, those of the Philippines and a 10 como put to *n, tx od ball miles deep The Toscarona Treoch med Japad, duly a deep boor of Kerr of LoL carton that border the correr Oula rho at actuala o blands lart the Hoolm, tho Marton, and the Palao. Oo the eciwud wide of the Alcuttan thada hutbet group of creacbet. The preat decus of the Atlantis Dediceut to the land of Ibo West Look, rod abo bolow Cape Hors, where other curto bat of hands pout UXI steppos Hope to the Southern Ocean Aad par to the lodian Ocean the corutog bland are a car East Ladies hare their recompuonog deept Amys that this association of bond ta nd dery tredcba, and as the two obrtr odly buyers of Tole turetu The pattern, a to or agreed, a moduled with mode un mabot and the sharp adjustotous of the mat door that accompuy It On the conavo dde of the bland ara tre om of volcanoa. On the coara side there has turp dona-beacherg of the oa door which results in the deep trenches with pet broad V-shape. The two torce ketu do belo a tod ol buy bellore the opward folding of the earth's cut to form ut, and to thruxtog dovo of the chest of the door

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·to rot H THE SEA AROUND US the bantie Pubstra of the identylay layer Somelo poem, the dow-thrud me of printe har shattered and the yal to form tilmde Socb be the supposed origin of Barbata to the Weat Indies of of Timor La the East India. Both in deep-re deposit, though they had ooct been purt of van Door Ya thi mu bo atceptional in the words of treat frologist Daly Another property of the earth is the ability Hartog prenira indemitety The continents, Oreboot hy the tea bottom, abbornly refuse to creep thither The rock sonder the Pacic is strong mouth to bear with Do toowa Erol, the buro area to rolved by tbs down-thrust of the at tb Tonga Desp und by tho erection of the 10 000 dome of land and other roteaak product reproseated to bind of Hamilt.** Tbelang now region of the ocen foar Hay under the the Sea. The physical diction of soto.dog her A permanent abeet of lee, umoch unfired feet thich. to whole central basin and is impractable to shrpa Peny wveral sounding in the court of his doh to the Pole by lear bn 1909 O. ac attempt few mles from the Polo wire broke wtb 1500 fathoms out. In 1927 St Hubert WT Landed bla plane on the lo 550 miles north of Port BarTOW obtained a dople echo sounding of 2975 fathoms, the dom Ever ricordad Trote the Arctic Sea Vetreba delberatchy into the doo (och as the Norwegian Frem and tbe Run Solor and sadto) la order to drift with scrous tha budin obtained most of the depth recorda anil.blo for the centre perti. In 1937 und 1938 Ruhan ketenthats were landed the Pole and pupplied by plant whillo they lived on the ks driftoj tub il Tbexo men took pearly a more of deep moundtap The most dertig plan for soundby the Arctic Sa w co cetred by Wikins, who actually at oor ha the rubinetto No w ba 1931 with the fiention of translias bedeuth to lor ACTOR the entire basin from Spitsbergen Lo Berlot Suruttur chanlal fullors of the diving equiprocat a few day there Nautis lett Spitsbergen prevented the accution of the place By the middle 1940s, the total of pounding for deep a um by roetbod vody about 150 lartos most of the top of the world An mbounded a whose coatoun anak tumed. Soon after the close of the Socond World Hron United Souta Navy begra test of a D pethod of our Roundup through the lice, which may prorkdo the key do are the skidle. Ono hotarating speculation to be told roundiops that the momain stein that bitect the ATM PT Chether le dhe DHTW 11L ·HIDDEN LANDS 7 be beto uupponed to read to posttem termiam ut lot lod, may mtotly condimo koron the areth bath to the cont of Rs. The bett of arthquake ploenten that follom the Adanck Ridge me to artead crop to Arala som od mbeta thart art pubwartoe worthquake it be at least ruuable pures that then may be mocytoom toporphy ADOW feature a recrot maps of mderna redom.cdilag Atver Lachadad before the 1940 a poup of about 160 trond, flat-topped ki tom betites Homi and the Mark mm It happt the Princeton University reologia, H H He, Tu to command of the US. Can Johnson during to man of the wartie crotalog of thibe vertel bo the Palac. Han ra nemotely struck by the umber of the under moun al that appeared on the futbogram of the end. Those after Hor, u to morong peo of the laborator traced the depth coboats k would abruptly begin to rise to an out of a neop- Sided a mort, Handling sotitarlly on the bed of the son. UDble a typical volcmic cone, all of the mount bro broud, out Hosphelbooth the peaks had boo cu od and planed dowoloy warm. But the promis at the amounts are anywhere from La mulle to the or more boluw the parece of iho on. How they acquired thetr Rot-topped cootom brystery perba Rreat that of tho bonitoe YOL Mulil. the scattered a mount, the long nag of moderna Doula bave been marked on the charts for . pood many ruan The Adanbo Ridp w discovered about crotury The early worron for the roue of the trent-Athote able to the text blot of attonet. The German On pola vend Alatuor which crored mod rctostod the Adents during the 1920, cuabhed the concourt of couch of the Ridge Tbo Acants of the Woods Hole Oceanograpboc Danution has Kromoct to an aham xudy of the Kidigo to bo peneral vicinty of the Acort Now we can trace the outlets of the pet mountain raort od dimly we begle to see the deuib of its kidea pe dd Yallen The Ridetta bamle-Adank neur Iceland Front far-porthern Luutuda rum soutb tih y between the con Leath, cora the equator into the South Aapis, add cotouo to about 30 soub laulude berenang darply tasto word oder tbe up of Alna od nortond the India Ocean Ius federal course douchy pantielt the couching of the border in contacts, Tea Io the otatte kanuro a de quatre tween the hump of Bran und the cardamos coat of Hiraa. To some people to curralort bus poput that the We 21 ancı pet of real coucaul mar, kit tebind band ocean be, cordog to one theory the colocou o North Hd South Amaia ant try from Europe ·1 THE SEA AROUND US Alrlaa. Horore recent work shom that on the door Atuatie there are thiet made of Bodomesta wich required to drede of miliona dyan for their secumabation Throughout much of it 10 000 mile larth, the A Ridp biphac deturbed and taeary momento a Owo floor and the whole Ride grea tho Impression thlas formed by the laterplay mat oppadng forces from nesten foothill acrod to where to lopa rod domovine the encro Atlantic beat, the more to about twice u tom the Ascles and want toes the whether of the Appalacbilan Near the equator deep push com acron it from tot the Romancho Trench. Thta ba the only point of w between the dep barna of the western and restors Atte ahboogh Door to higher pake thero ut other loro The peuter part of the Ridge is, of course, subverted cootnl bactbode to poto 3 000 to 10,000 feet abovo the boor bet kootbar mile of tot die bomo most of its Yet ben nd there m pat thrusts Hellop out of tho of doep water cod pahan above the format of the Octas T are the bands of tho mbt-Alantic. The blabert peak of Rune la Pico laland of the Azore. It is 27 000 feet the ocean Door with only ita upper 7,000 to 8 000 fest Real The sharpent pate of the Ridpo are the closter of knows the Rock St. Paul, near the equator The el cluster of ball a dosta bilete la Dot more than a quarter of de actos, and their rody vlopa drop od at po uber An that mer bort the ball a mile deep lia only a few feet thore. The sultry rokonto bnik of Ascendon babother peut of the Atlantic Ridge wo , Trietan da Cunbe, Gough, and Bouvet But most of the Ridro la forever blodea from boomto . In contoun boro been made out only Iodirectly by the court ont problem of pred nra bits of te rubstance barbour brought up to ma by Coroni sod dredges, and some detail ab landscape bare boed protonpbed with docp tan como Who theto alchs on tagations au pkturo the prodeor el the idea mountain, with their sheer cho tad rorty or reces, their deep rikets and to estoy peake It ware to court pute the ocean't moduals with anything on the coptioco morthlak of tartstriai pomtabu tar abort to take on with thetr oleat Donalled rolleys to their pared rodu by the lode. For the man her in latered thaber biler or plata Line, below whiteb no rematou can aon Tho ikopo be mdersa mototul uno far beyood the rezeo of and there are only the bare rocky fond, la the rulesh te dry ·HIDDEN LANOS W atha of wediments that bare been diently påb op through the apon 11on of your Netb the Pacic Ocean por the Indian Ocean bu my storaped potabis tet compter larth with the Album Rutes bor beve that other tongue The Homlim Istanite Repubd a momtaha mop that runs on the central reite buta for a distance of Party 2000 mie The Gilbert od Manhat klande stand on the shoulder of mother mich Practic moumain chato la the star Pacl brond platnu Connect the core of South Ameria and the Tannotu Luanda hade tid.Padloc, and in the Indian Ocean a low ridot ruina Lrom Lodia to Astitutlar, for most of its lagth broader und deeper than the Atlantis Rids One of the mod factoata belches for speculation is to prof be coboarte mountato compared with that of poet and prer at mountains of the continents. Looking back oru tho put of rologic theme (pipe 14) worealta tens mouto ban thrust op on the continente, to the accompanhamento molano outpourlap bod Hoteot trembinp of the arth, only bo crumble and wat my under ha mtaca of rato and front And dood. Wout of the as orontalou Were they formed b the sme way and do they too, begin to due ut nood they o borot There are bacations that the earth's coat ta bo mort table mader ua them on bod. Quhen fur proporion of the world earthqoute ant traced throub settonographs to sources oder the ocean and u wabu wewe than art probably DDT stvo volcano uoder maler oland Apparently to Atlan the Rldp tror a100 line of crosta tuhlog and starting pornt without its rolcok fra em to be largely quiescert, o present in the of most of the earthquake to the Adanik Arti Almog the wool continual Tom of the Pacific bean ba sure with carthquake and Bery with rolangon, come tre queatly acthre, toti atiach, ptde murety espine comune loor wheep beraten priode of aploun nolence. From Kho bigla countains that fora almost coatuous border kroumd the born of the Preis, ou cogtoon of the Laod dopo stropery down to very deep Water The deep reaches the be od 1.b Court of Soub Anale, from Alat rlooy the Alevinn i lots mod out to Jupio od southward of Japan and by Phihpploat sre the topreidos a modeme 6 proch of formato, of one of arthablect to great Ya the boarne bottle are earth dearen approach to Wht Heroal bith of the pocts No popele coouncil mou Dhun thron up than at the forces of paten toonan to Tel A powtale of the key to the yean ofta mustoft beyond the much of the ordinary are force. Ito ·10 THE SEA AROUND US the ocen door and may thno volcano poeta sbore the of the it. There blanda en attacked by the milos, tad tim the young mountaba le brought down wtihin tench of the to the tumult of the attack It shob upala bereath face. Eventually the path or down below the pub od day of crea tho beerlot of morm nares Hers, in dem Watct of the res, in the almal deep water the mountains card from further attack. Hae Et handy to remasto benet unchanged. porbep throughout the food the earth. Becmano d this virtual Imaortality the oldest on balra munt to Infinitely older than any of the more lett land Profesor Hea, who diecovered the rea mounts of tho - tral Pacide created that these drowned uncleat blasti har been forbed beforo do Cambrian porlod, or between 500 mloloa and 1 bulloo yeon iro Thla won them pertup of man with the continental mounbalm of Laprcotian upbearul. But the kaa mounty have changed Hicche * L, comparing to dovuton wth modern terrestrial n. the Jungfrac, Mt. Eme Of ML Hood will of them tabe of the Laurentien porlod marcely a theco rematut. 1 Padde m mounis, accordos to thoa theory most bare of sobitantial apo ben the Appalachians were throat up million yeun apo thoy stood almost to changed ble the Lachland wore down to meto nokia on the aurth lacc. amount were old, 60 moboo yaan yr when the Alps the Himalayas, the Rocties and the Aada, row to their ma Llc helphth. Yet it as probable that they will be sundlog chanrod la the deep a wbra thes, 100, ben hare crumbl Away to dost As the hidden luoda beperth the man become better koon, there recun pabo und gut the query mo the submerged munat of the indenta mountains be Loked with the famed Tout coatiarab 7 Shadowy kod isabetantial u uro to Acco of at auch legendary land the fabled Lanturia of the Ice Oce, St. Brrodoni laiad, the fort Adantb-they persistently recur liko partie deeply rooted nical memory in the folklord DLDY part of the world. Best koowo b Atlantis, bich recording to Plato's Recon was a large bland or contineat beyond the Pillart of Healt Auzota u the bome of a veliko people ruled by powerfd top who made frequest allucis uppoa the mobited of Africa 10d Europe, brought much of Libya under the power se the Mediterranean corst of Europe, nad outly attade Alber. However with prest earthqka tod Loredacions, u dogle day and no futal night, all who had been lipainu Greece) were allowed op. The Island of Albanian appeared beneath tho sa Star that time the sea be test ·hvoa lor wet land corted with peu bon then unike try Entle the latest from the De beste bht lands must hart por la for that were som id burcba foting at mood Aalis more com trom the alt Tere were can and motra ndos, dod L. A Trouch the fort. turtya onde Hope DH Bald diet and other pe Drth that do not HIDDEN LANDS potem bo become morvipable, Touchs amat pen them batean of the mods whici atund ort the do of the bucked The Aduths lapod bu fired a through the centarla. As Den beame bold cough to ul out on the Atlantic, to cow the od later to relato u depths, they speculated about the bution of the log band. Valon Adaptic blunda hurre beca old to be the founts of land Dont ortenstre. The hency wave-whed Roctan of St. Paul, perhaps mott ofte tan my other burre been deutlied as the Ionatos ad Adarth. During the past cootary motho atent of the Atento Ridge bocame better toow, speculations who often catered upon to put mn, for below the motion of the court Uofortunately for the picturesque magntog, the Ridge romer exposed, langt bort been at the long before there PETO A Lo popolato wachan Adath Some of the core tale Tot the Ridge bow.cooth von series of nodimepas typical open ocenat, Iur Loca lund, rugintong back to a period pomno 50 mWoo yenu yo And mno, cred the mod pelatiro type Appeared only within the pare million yean or no Laber brenda deeply rooted to folklon, the Adanth Hory may have to w cement of truth. In the sbadowy bopening of buien le on earth, primite me bere and there rut ban band boorledge of the day of kleod or peatrale, pertape not with the dramatic nuddens attributed to Atlanth, but well within the time one man could obsernt. The states of woch, bappealog would bare descrlbed it to thel Delghbon od chwarts, do the legend of a golog coatient light here been bord Such a bow and les today benerth the water of the North 5a. Only a few scora of thoms of year apo, tbe Dourer Lant a dry land, but now the thermob dnu teu acts over thaila bed Dung troood, cacblay cod ad hate and dormden o la drowped tre trol Dubay the Plentocene, beta tomende quantion of water to withdrawn from the ocean and booked up to be placeh doe door of the North Sta Cuerre med Torn to became und bd became cute bird of this lood recently the only twocutor od the memoth. Pruni the root of the damp forate Woor ter ·THE SIA AROUND US Then u the declens begin to retreat nod tooda ima beidot ko poured into the said naised by the bocite blend. Probably tho e cesped to the mi before the doterrenloy tanod bed becomes too late 1 their stoor Implement behind But most of tho minh mulaed, perforce, and little by little their bland food became more and moro scurce, but there Finally the bea corered the land, culming the land follic As for the mea who cacaped, pertapa lo their primettre they comomolanted the mory to other team, who paned to other through the upon, ou k boctotrod b tho of one Nons of these facts were purt of recorded Heary unth. titka, Egrupeve taberta.ca morod out into n the North Sea and began to taus on the Dog made out the contours of unforegular plateau pourly 4 # Dramurt, lying about 60 feet tader water but doplag abruptly at lodre toto mcha deoper Wutet Thels thawa pediately bepus to bring up at many things not Loy ordloary blog buat. There were low marcu of hich tho dcbctboca christened moorlor Tocte were booket, and, abtboarta tbe tubermen could do kentilly they seteed to belong to less land mammals. Al of obyecto damaged the set mod hidered Ashing to wee. ponible the dahetnica onged these of the bank od sent mumbliss Loto deep Water Bot they brought back woord of bove, do of the Doorlog and marment of trees, and crude sooo bpkeptas, tbeso spodimere were turned deoset to ldentity La this moge debrba of the tahl the clotht recognized a wbola Flottocene froma and don and the artifacts of Stone Ap man. Add Itemberms bor onco the North Sa ba beca dry land, they recoastructed that Rory of Douar Bank, the lost bland 6 The Long Snowfall Any owoch poetry L.WEn ro EVERY PAIT of earth or ur or ma by 10 aliposphere pecoberts the on, equally or chandalsie that keta lt apart from other. When I tak of the foot of the deep the start overwhelaine fact that posteutet my stractandoa we kroker malation of rediments, I see it is the sterdy of dowskird dit of seteruls tres above, Bake upos dels bajas ·THE LONO SNOWFALL 200 - doa bu coatinned for bendradad milioni er thu vi pon u toj u theo ini and continent For the red meats in the material of the most fupe 6 Power the earth bure keen. It began when tho that so on the barrta toca and to modon the forces of rodoc. It was related when thing anturn derdloped the purface wat od the throuded Hide thells of Ilmo or Ha that had coomad Ibern to Wo begin to dilt dowoward the bottom Benthy diety with the deliberation of chith TOE that an ard to be store becue they benso moch e for completion, the accuratation of the recents hot roceeded. So Bide to a year of the human etios, but to Lormou to mount to tbone olmurth und Rou. Tborals, the eroding way of the earth the rub of red. Duden waters have conttapod, with my pulo kod espe, throughout all of trologle time. In addition to the ph odd ol mery threr tout tods to my to them, there is Other Daterial that compon the educate Volcuak dmt, blon perbape hart way aroutod the orth to the upper atmosphere ono creato Dy to rent on the ocean, drite to the currents, bu somos waterlogged od slnke Sande from certal deserts are arried outwurd o odsban voce, fan to be on, and dot. Frare, pebbles, al bordders, and theils art carried by Icon barn and drin for, to bo relead to the water wben the sco metu Pragmenta otros, picto, od other bootcorla debutalbut Enter the earth utmospbert over the authors, too, becomo data of the great powall. Bog most widely dietrotrend of an Ato the bloos opon more of my abcth und stoletoon, the Thay or copy rtring of all the sunute cakturu that onco thred la tho apper waten. The womeou art sort of opic poem of the tarth. When wo We moodph partup naimid in them all of pad blatory For u be witten ben in the nature of tho telanals that conpour tom and to the TIGIOCOI of the foot bare the Kedica a refoc al tonton happened on the men abort them od on the surroundlag landa Tho dramatic and the ato trophile to arth hbtory barna keft theo tricos the metrootthe outpourmp of voltages, the treat and meet of the Ice, the Karlos Ardity of desert lunch, the weapta de tractioo of voor The book of the lefuocot on been opened only to the Klettart of the prescot generapa o Kill th the food cratbas program in collect and dapat umpk modt oce 1945 Euty ocenotyphets could mape Op Pikee bag mol wediment from the khoto with dredren Borbet Deeded to DOL geriled op te erle coter the could be dirto rentialy tato te ·THE SEA AROUND US removo a loo amplo er core bathich the order of cot layott unditunted such an instrument ni by Dr C & Plerut in 1935 und with the old at the obtulaod, kid cores terve the deep Atlanthe tree foundund to Indund There cord aver pd about 10 km Apiston core umpler dere loped by the Swedish o pber Kukabery about 10 yun late not tato cora 70 feet lof The rato o dimentation to the parts of the ocean boot definitely know, but it certalały ruch a amplo soprakent mollions of your hittory Another lorentone Dethod for eactylog the remot been Dised by Profesor Marken Emos of Colonia Yerulty and tho Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution for Ewloy found that he could put to the thicknad Carretint layer of medicata chat orerile the rock of the Noor by uplodtog depth charges and recording their one cho resolved troma tho top of the sediment bra opacent bottom of the mea) Locher from the Doctora be bottoca of the trio rock Door The curryboy mod carlovet at man har hazardoua und unpot be attempted by rench, brux the poethod ww used by the Swedib Auto well by tho dentu ba to taxploradoa of the Atlanta Lwin on the Atlantis leo used a strolo refraction by which souad WITH AN Dade to travel horizootally the rock layers of tho ocean door prorliling the outure of the roct Detoro ibeu techniques were developed, we could only ut the thiktoen of the we dwent blanket over the door of ves. We bought bare upected the amount to be vet thought back through for ages of gestehen unendiar . and palo u uso, ono ingilo ihell att apother bert. abort, tooth, there a meteorite trupipeat but tho bolo com Hoclor perheadly triepilessly coduly D, of coun process ilmutar to the whole bus bullt op it layers of rock tak belp to date out mountains for thoy too were not med Adomrots wacker the shallow so that bare orallowed the cod Land foot to toe. creamy boomont * retreated pole rod of comeமர tüted, coruptor to place od ng laow that, المه f of Ice wor ·THI Love Show All the open Admode bads thored sediment layer auch a 12000 (ext this! U pontban two mia of watteet om boer deported on the door of the Atlapk, Interesting quortion urbes hus the rock Boor and correspoading datance ander the territo pt of the medineput Geologie bold coolfketing opłalon. beroceatly decorared Padha na moimh may alor opo plea tridence that ihn. If they in their discoverer alled bro, dorned weens blancs, then they may have reached their present and a mle or to below ankevel through the poktop of the ooo Door Han bolkered the blood bnd beca torwed so long app that coral alssal had not yet ovated other be the cons would presumably ban settled on the det, phord forct of the amounts und bunt them up at u ter bea mk. Lo try trent, this hard to seo bow they could bere beta worn down so far below maro bere ten the crit olthe arthared under its loud Oorthboy sectos probablotho wameota bombem toto by dribored both place and true lo contrat to the 12.000- Loot thichcu found in parts of the Adent, the Swedish Occubo trpben derer food wedimena thicker than 1000 feet batho Fmctc or ba the Indir Ocean. Perbep deep lage of lure, from ancient abortne eruptions on a stapeodoas culo derile the upper layer of the wattments to these place tod bortercepts be bound we Lotrretting Turisthom to the taletne of the dimco bayer on the Atlantic Ridge and the sparoacha to the Rideo from the Apocriana thele were reported by Ewtos. As the bottom contour beculen eta od bogan to Hope op into the foothil of them Rides, the sedimentathleteded, though polog up buto in Groth dotu 1000 to 2000 (oet doop, on the shape of the M. Further up in the momumn the Raidre, bere there are tory level terce from a few score of mula wide, tho kdordt vero erto deeper measurms up to 3000 fett But along the bacboos of the Rhips om te steep slopa od peaks mod planachan, tbc bary rock emerred, nepe dean of decon. Reflecting on there dil neocan thucten und berbution o mloda Tetor Detay to the atmole of the boot portal We may think of the aby toonstone Lo Tm of beat nod Hazarddra ucic humodn. Loog dry of aard met the place, bendera O tbe alr theo toti coon the biliard tod the more fa a light lo the dowlana the wedumcan, ah there is mahetattoa ought and bury talde Theberry falls Coroond to the series of mountain building ca the cool otnie co the lapis ure Wed Mand the numbe donio dheit Hope, amor mud and rock Instacat la tho co the Bphat fatti mut the Lula bence the mounulu-bulding perint ·K THE SLA AROUND US remor a los propio or core in which the order of the dia car lesea was oncisturbed Sucto en lastrumente bryanted by Dr C S. Pirot la 1935 and with the ud of the numbe obtained a da of core won the deep Atlantte from New founded to Ireland. These core Avenged about 10 feet lou A platon core ampler developed by the Swedish pber Kolobart about 10 year later Dow takes todisturbed corox 70 feet loag The rate of todimentation to the diretot parts of the ocean to not oktoltely known, but it ba raydor certainly noch amplo representi noms of years of geo history Another to genion method for modybag tho rediments hot bero ned by Prolor Maurico Ewing of Columbia Uok munity and to Woods Holo Oceanographic Institution Profet for Ewtog found that bo could meature the thickness of tho carpeting layer of botiments that overflaa the root of the ocean floor by crplodtos depth charges and rocording that ochood oot ecbo received from the top of the sedimcat layot (the appareat bottom of the a) another from the bottom the bottora or the true rock door The carrylos nad ze explouves at sa bicardous and cannot be attempted by AL Tomah, but thu method w med by the Swedish Albatros well us by the Arlantis la Its oplorution of the Atlantic Ewlog on tho Adartu lo med 1 kimio refraction technique by which wound waves are made to unvel horizoatally through tbe rock layers of the ocean Boor prorlihog faformadon about the DTD of the rock. Before thero tectosques were developed, nt could only re at the then of the sediment banket over be door of the len. We might bare expected the upoumt to bo rust, thought back through the area of gentle, mending 40cm uod main at a time, 000 Inapilo abal alter mother har whart's tooth, there a Deteorito trapedibut tho wote con thoutne porastently relentlemly codenly It Is, of coon : process aimilar to that wilch bus built up the layer of root tot belp to make our moustalot, for they too, were ondt mot aduocats under the shallow was that han orendowed the cor tinents from time to time. The sediments ereoty boo consolidated and cemented and, as the retreated by Te to continents the thick, corelog layon o donar rocks-layers which co se upuried, tilbed compromet 2nd broken by the most earth movement Add a toor to places tho sedlocotary rochu ut many boeties of thick. Yet most people like a short of our poter and score when Hag Pettersson, leader of the Swedih Deep Su Eye dition, enbounced the aberats meanttacob ala b ·THE LONG SNOWFALL Y nie a but the living rolurim OCCT MON AUD outh To other hands of orpoak sormea's no otmed for the cor to boro retoalny coompow them. Dlatoms, the microscopic pluat life of the fourth most abundantly ha cold water Tharka broad bott ot datom poze oa the floor of the Antarc Datan, outside the too. of placial debih droppod by the loo puck. There bi taother Krou the North Pack, Hong the chala prest deeps that run from Alma to Japan. Botta in mod bety utrkut teden nter wells up from the depth, usuh parlat prowit of plants. The dintorn, Hte the red biarla, art Od la dichou coralpel, barliks cura of varied Wespe od pediculously echod design Theo, la redattrety shallow parts of the open Atlantic, then ne puche of coro composed of the remalm of delato swim malo mi, called piatopod. These wioped molluska, ponse nythinsparent shells a prea beauty tre bere and there in credibly abundant. Pteropod doze to the chanderistic bottom demoule In tho vicinky of Bermude, and a large patch occur in de Souh Atlantic Myrteriomand cork in the immense ures, especially in the North Pactos, carpeted with a port, red rediment la wunch there are no organle realm acepi shartu teeth and the mur bopes of Vale. The red clay occurs at prost deptha. Perhaps at the material of the other matments and be red before they can reach the cont of barmente presure and placul cold The reactor of the story contained the redumapos bes only berm. When mot core Art collected and cumtoed wt the certainly decipher many actmy clapton. Geotopasti bere porated out that series of cores from tho Mechtermuncen might Kthe meveral controversial probleme concernag tbe bostory of the ocrt and of the lands around the Mediteran bola. For cumph, women bere in the layers of wediment and the te there must be cridence, la warply defined Layer of sand, of the thone boo the desert of the Saturn were formed tod tbe bot, dy winda bepanto time of the ship portat layer and any tham kurud. Loog cores recently ottimod the matera Medroom od Alpra bare Kro record of volcanic Khay extendag Beck through thooands of your bod for was the prelisons cryptoos of bactfoor pothog The Adunt coro uten more than decide po by to trom the cable shup Lord Keren har beta boroughly tudied by tologate from the coalo u posle to loot back to to the paw 10,000 years or bad to to puber of the anh tistic thytters; for the com1 were composed of fryen or colto ter pleburtina (atman (end bence plistan torms) aterosting to pobironte cosa sarktensk ·THE SEA AROUND US Wurther ten. From the chua tumbhed by these cora o bulizo tatarpladal tages when there were periods of om clientes, alth warm water overtying the sea bottom urmath-Loring creatures limog to the ocean. Berten pestada tho kaprow chol Chords gathered the most fet, on the North American continent the great ice sheet per the loo motntais moted out to the court. Tbo placer the rea Jooy wide front, there they produced pened out to me, wd because of the coldne of much of 1 arth they penetrated further mouth than any but try berp todry When Poally they malted, they relinquished their boots mit ind and mod mard and rock in coent that bad frozen into their under artacar o they made ther. wry or the land. And layer of glacial wedbocat am overlle tbo porta dobierna ocza, and the rocord of on Art vos locdbed. Theo tbe wa gw warmer again, the plachers cited ood treated, and once more the amer-mier specie a Ina thred in the Kerved and died cod drifted down to bui. mother layer of poberertaa oore, this time over the clays marela from the doctoru. And tho record of warmth and min det us written to the sediment. From tho Ploro o be been poudble to reconstruct four different periods of it advice of the Ice, spanied by periods of us dente. I b fateresting to think that even now be our own the data of A DOW FLOW storm ar falling futing, 000 by out there on the ocean Boor The builoos of Globigerina diniog dowg, writing ther twoquivocal record that the present world, b on the whole world of mild and temper climate. Who will read their record, tea thousand youn from 1 The Birth of an Island Mary « me lle dhe Like 407 wide MILLIONS O Jan 09, rolado bolt i mountain on the form of the Atlantic. In cruption after eruption, it pushed up a pro pile of volcank rock, unul It had sectorolated amb dred mua ucross a lo bese, reachdog upward town wrface of the Bes Fmally to come emerged as do Wand wa labout 200 square miles. Thousands of year perede med thotunda of thoumands. Eventually the water of ·THE BIRTH OF AN ISLAND H dom the code to reduced k tombol of tt, that, bor i pol Ingent which rematar aboro uo. Tols int heut ni lor w Boprede. With relations, the life Hory of Lemmda bu bota repeated Talmon trury coc of the foods that loterrupt the wtory a more of the oceans far from land. For the botated blanda Ithon olundamentally diferent from tho continents. Too for lead me and the ocean beds art todey moch u thay pre been throughout the greater part of peotogt thou But Lada me spbeureral, created today destroyed tomorrow na few creepdons, they an the result of the violent, a lodre, earth-shatta eruption of mbwarte rokonoe, work z petups for long of you to chilent tbetr ood. It is one the perdore la the man ol enh and poe the proces Eemlady to destructire, o catastrophile in datar, can repult in Act of creation. Landa bir an coated tho htman mod. Perbape it 1 cho tlocttre Itaponse of man, the lood mimal, welcoming brlet birtoa of earth to the ut, overwhelming expanse of 2 Here to put ocem bacin, a thormod miles from the art contiocot, with milos of water under our vend wo do upoa en bland Our tronghoation can follow ita slope own through darkening water to what it met oo the man ober We wonder why and bow the proud bere to the mechat of The birth of volcmac bland be a creat marted by pro ooped and violent travel the force of the earth friving to create, and all the force of tho kan opporo Tbo wea Door bento bland beptos, bas probably non bere more than about fry tiles that thin covering over the most bull of the earth lo k urs deep cocks and me, the result of morqual coolios and througe la persiper Aloor fuck lines of Wakor the Doken lan trom the earth baterior Pro up and doally burtus forth to the ma. Bir rubaartoe volano terra froga tertarial cruiptice, obert the lm, motos rock , od obber checus an burled to the ar throuyb an open chi Het oa the bottom of the oceatbe volcuno bo reported the next of the ocean water abone it Dempute the momento pronol, he may be too or three toda of water the per rolank conc buida nad tored the portance to sow after dow of un Onakan reach of the rett poft had oud in rokently medied, od lor a long period the potential klod tary temuto the anable to startre Bat neptually pc cruption the compusbed op to the air and'. nant me to tack of the nra ta buth of Lan Noripuore' chart an murid kh bomo Docten ·70 THE SEA AROUND US covered Rubemarie momtain. Many of there are the merred remonants of the blonda reologic yesterday To amo charis show blants that sperred trora the national Atty millroo yaan is, and othen that are within our ot IXOTY Aoxat the Indesa mottaim marted on may bo tbe Wands of tomorrow wilch at this moment formaling, taucen, og the floor of the ocean and are growing up nrd toward its partact Por the xa b by no meros dope with pubmartoe eropdog they occur fuirty commonly kometimes detected only by Kruments, potpetimes obvious to the most carol Oboerner Ships to rotank zona muy anddenly and themselves in lenily disturbed water There are beavy dahera of The van appen to babble or bou in a furow turbulence, Fu Laba ping from its surface. Floating up from the deep b places of the actual eruption coone the bodies of dishes other deep a creature, and quantities of volcanic anh mokec. One of the youngest of the larp voornk blanda of bc mom In Ascension in the South Atlants. During the Second W was the Amencap aut og I we don e find Arc nelom Ow wives will perdon the bland beat the only prece of dry land between to bur of Bradl and the bulge of Afra Its a forbidding man of er ders, in whiret the rents of Do less than forty aimet can be counted. It ho not always been so barrea, for its have yielded the lottu remalo of trees. What bappened to foresu do one toom the first med to explore the island, ahoo the year 1500 found It treeless, and today I bu no matorul prennen accept on its bigbert peat, kdowo - Greea Moro To modern thoes we bare DCTCT seen the birth of a falando larre Ascendon. But now and then there is a report of: small bland appeanog where none ww before. Perhaps : mooth, a your tre gain later the bland has douappeared bu the my. These are the lake, RÜlboro klaods, doomed N only a bried cmner gece above the sen. About 1830 Ach ta blend puddenly appeared in the Bledule rhoean between Skelly and the cost of Xina, itlog from 100 fathom depibs afic there had been ugns of tocak activity the area. It au litle more than black coder pike, porters 200 feet bilgte Wara, wiad, wd nin attacked it Its son ut porous material ett sadly eroded Its DST aten away and k of beretb tbe son Now bowl marted on the charts OnomRect.

·Torld Tb onto FIT bantah tion of the island of Kakatoa In 190 there had bec. pro mophory eruption of the wond Hand Sunda Strakt, between Jm od Soman to Indondi The hond year later tert md dan ben to Detod troa bao the rolanc coo bad beco a feria olarthquake batata of 1133, DOK Tbe ground become poicatty Then, ad ratolog romblog and hidup CD from the hos Ta on 21 A kokalon bterally aploded land wees of cruptool arried away The podila boldotta medited ibat that Lied two dime, the hote han to the cupr na of pebeated girm to the cat be the more brohoclan, nolica tod, Hridate had to become arity doomd obdor a lonel Cor ed the Blind that bad dood 1400 tabunt the me o dro that fora ok 4 1 for a kataloz i hi destruction et too THE DIRTH OF AN ISLAND 71 Falcon Land, the tip od mimo polections abon the Podle uly two thousand miles west at Anda, toddenly toppured in 1913 Thirtee ran bites, ttter Holcat trop a htberhenty i poddenly tou ho sboro te da od rond physical to the Bettin Etrumdi 1949 Then I met reported by the Colonial Under Seattury to the laing again Almost from the moment of His creation, a polcool wandb Coredoomed to destruction. It bas bo touch the reads of How dorotdoo, for Dow oplodone, Land of the mit vol. may rokotty weselare prica Whether the do Proctha of in hind come qoklh ar auly atter look at polople tona my albo geod on tema forced henlo aut rer my the bottles a lood Donations, the mi, und ten man Ensall South Titoktad, or in the Portopeedo The Triat dad, la cumple of dead that has bee sculptured to the Hrunt form throat centuries of the thing a bad In which the age of disolation on doing apparent. This proup drolanke perbas bied be the opeo Alot about a thousand mila Dorth out of to do Janela LF Kolph toto to 1907 the Titolded a rotten throughout barnet het been Sent u h everywbere tumbler to plants. During na baterval of Aishatepnited by valank fra de hoy the mother of water so Hoe youts betwtta Kolehin beton bole Donatele de hoed collapoed na preal bodibide of brotna socle bod wakitoke debet. Sometimes the disintegration but abropt and thatent form Am Teman ·n THE SEA AROUND US wped out vlla mag the Stratt od wted people by totoo thomande The mayo y ledt og the shores of the lodl Ocen und u Capo Hoon rounding the Cape into the Atland pod northward mod retained its Hentity cran o fu English Channel. The sound of the crplodom w beard Philipptoolulands, to Australie, and on the Island of Madag car starly 3000 mila Amy And donds of pokon dust pulrertzed roct that had been tard from the beart of knbutor, Licoded into tho tratospbere and were arred around Globe to pre toto to a wide of pectacular nupsets to TT comotry of the world for pearly a year Althoort Knuaoa', onamatic pains was the most Hol eruption that modern man ha witocmed, Kntator Hell to have been the product of an en Fettes on. There la dance that a casa volcano once stood where the maten Sund Strait Dow lx. In some repoto perlod a thank op blow i ww invlog only in morgprecated by a broken of bladds. The largest of these w Krakatou, which to be dembe, auntled way what was left of tho original crater Hot Bet to 1929 , new volcanic bland anor to the placed Krakatou, Child of Knkite Sobter uncan Arts and deep unrest dut the whole Occupied by the Aleutiam. Tbo wands than cives are the of thotund-cole chain of todensee movotaras, of while Tolcadde action was the child architect. The peologl dractat of the old po ba little known, but #sbacs abruptly from oceank depths of about take on 000 akda and two mila on the other Appuently this Darrow rkl dates a deep fracture of the arth crunt. Og many of tho thands role non ad Dow that oc only temporuly quiescent. In the short bistory of modern pavigation to this roplia, It has often bappened that a Dewisted has been reported but perhaps only to following year could bot be found The imal Hand of Bororlof Hace it was fort discovered En 1796 bx altered its shape and posteloo soveel pes 20d bas ovo dbappeared completely only to emerge again. The original kunde man of black rock, muptured to for wuk towerlog shaper Explore and mini coming soon to che for were reminded oli austle and Durbed Li Curtke Rock At the present time there itmuld only 000 or two planudes al the cade, loof spit of best rocks were sa loobud och and dorter of higher rocky reporteding with the cosa thouad of moe bete Esch one the parent modus erg observtor It, DcTv Time of steaming rocky emerge from heated water, som to reach baletts of several bodred for before they are destroyed him fresh aplosions. Each ser door ·to earth THE BIRTH OF AN ISLAND 2 Chelt uppen the dowanlood by the roletnologist Jant the Farel, eqotalent to conter of a great submertoo harp o lost thound for hyb, piled above the foot of the Berly Sea wbero the Aleutia mortaboy full od to the deep One of the few creeptoes to the alopott tntverul mio that Octuale hlabda han i Folaan orlgta tens to be the remarka hice and functathat proop al bleu kdown the Rock ar SL Prul Lylar la tha opta Adank between Brul and Africa St. Pauli Rocb munobstruction thrust up from the poor a the aceta to the oldet of the richoy Bquatorial Contato muut painst which the to, which brvo rolled a thounod otlar mhindered, break to sodden wolenc. The catre cturer orocta com sol more than a quarter of mito, running to curred pelike a borehou. The best rock b Dot more than thay feet above the wet przy weut to the commit. Abrupdy the rocka dip under water and slope streply down to prett depth. Geologlats not the three of Darwl baro plunded over the origin of these black, waterbod blete Mon of them pre toat they tro composed of material i at of the ma Door Wall. Lo solde renou period, boconceivable talo crunt trut barre pushed a rold rock me upward roots that tro ante. So bere mod desolate that dottra Labeo from on them, Por, Rosts would seton me of the most unpromising places in the world to look for a rider pptooing as to rwbaldan bope of martos puertog moects. Ya Darwta found splions when he rated the Rosta in 133 und forty yot LIFT be parwal of H.M.S. Challenger bo reported thet, bory uber web-tpum Afew montet at there, too borde us parne on the wa berde, three spec. of which Dok on the Locks. One of the lonec oui brown oth that Ira ca [authen. Thb very nearty complete the loventory of the bobabtints of St. Paul Roches, acept for the protesque ab that w Olho pletu, living chretty on tbe flytoy tab brought by the birds to their youse Su Prat Roctus un bol donc n boring to coordinary worticat of tobabitants, for the lane 2nd RO74 of octrols balands att ammopy dulcrent from thore of the contenuti, The poets of blod fraudar od difcant. Aulde from tortor recently introduced by o wlands retpote from the marpta er det bababa by my land mammall cuerpt motoctones the one mammal tur has learned to dy-the bal Thent un Tu my trots wmdUAL, O oba imrtublam Otropoles, there me te la mate, beard and turiks, bet + mort Itmote the nlid frontar lagd tibe int the there are the really bolted wlenta tant poor. TAKTC en tornat a ter terras of Lod birds, come ·7 THE SEA AROUND US HOIDO plen So ICtoti un band u Tosta da Comba in te Sarth Auanti, 1500 miles from the parent content, bado Land animals but the three species of land birdy, o fortret kod krenul amall make With to selecttro , # b kord to see how tomobila sisty beltere, the blends could bare been colonized by mlotution crow land bldges, even if there were good evidence lor tbx achtenco of the bridge The very unimada mbatos from obe blande are the ones that would have had to come dry-abod. the bypotbetical bridpm. The plants and animals that we ocenalo blanche, on the other band, are the one that havo come by wted or water As an alternative, then, wo fuppone that the Hocklag of the bulanda bau been accomp by the anngert migratoo bo mrth's history malgration bepan long before ma pretend on the earth and be coo Houing, a mladog that seems more like. Krles of cocale clients than an orderty proceu of nature We an ooly room bor long after the emergetice from Locerak Lulaod may be uninbablied. Certainly top original dato baland bor, harb, and repelling beyo homna capered.co. No log tulog moves over the slopes of! Dlounic bulls, no pot cover tus naked lav Aids. But Thathe by Cintake, Hiding on the wants, drifting on the currents, OT on lors, Boutroy bruh, or tree, the plant and animals art to coloniza a untre from the distrat continenti So dellbera, so harried, so leczorubio are tho way of puturo that the rocking of an island may require thouhande ar millions of an It may be that no more than half a dozen time to all there con does a particular form, och vi a tor rabe mate 1 cuccessful landtog upon to shorts To wonder kompetently wby man b sex a costant state of mich an I to fail to understand the majestic paco of the proces Yet we have occasional glimpses of the method. Narorat nits owroored trees and matted melation baro frequently been seco drh al ma, more than thousand miles on the mouths of socha great troplaal streny u the Cooro, thic Congo the Amazon, od the Onions. Such níu could uly ty assortment of insect, reptilke, or molhat pescopera Sooral the involdobry passat might be able to withstood for mos u mu, abers would die duroy tho or more of their Journey Probably the coes beyt adapted for travel by raft ant the wood-boring taxat, which, of an the seat tribs, are con coragodly found on tok blancs. The poorest non reken murt be the sammuk. But even a mamma elght cover soort loverklood diktasca. A few days after the explosion of Anak tos, 1 smul nostry ww the crom pode driftboy Bigber to ·1 THE BIRTH OF AN ISLAND Seade Strik Sbo bad bona tadbty burnod, but prited the paine No le then the wider the words and the ar qurtats play metr part la botopia mhabitants to the blood. The upper at Donate the data tho per before in catered E in bila cttouwas a place of coopered truds. Thoosands of teet sbom the arth, the air b crotrdod with this creaturt, drift thyhe plein baboontor, or buvolontarily swirling along on the bih da Diaconery of the rich werlal plankton bad to with man blandt had lood mean to make phyukaal Inst Woo of the phone with special peti od trepe, cleotku have llow collected from the poor atmoqbere many of the form that inhabit ocnolo bland. Splóeri, wore almost brutablo mesece on the hands to a locattog problem, bombean photd Dearly three militan above the crita cursa, ALCO ne pored through prout number of the whole who have ment of pldor parachute' u belghts of two or three mon Al aldtoda od 6,000 to 16.000 fort, mod oth wod rtlocrtles machbars 45 miles m bour many holny Imeets have been talo. At mich helchts und og ruch grogy Ince, they might well be beca artiod boatred of mia Seeds bare been collectod & ultitudes up to 5,000 feet. Among thon commonly taken in members of the comporte fum.ty pecatly the so-called Duo-dom typical of Octank blandt An Interciting point about transport of lhring plant od mot mebs by wind is the fact that be the upper layers of the earth. uporpture the woda do not necesarily blow to the wome rection at the earboolect. The trade toda potably hallow do that man kandios on the cus of St. Helenu i Lounand feet above the rem la abort to wlad, which blom with great forco below him. Once onwa lorto the wppet att lacets, weeds, Rod the whecho cally be carried to a direction cootrary to that of the wmda prouillage bland level The white spot birds that tak hlude of the oceto boor miko may ho bere a pood deal to do with the dustnbuttoo of planti sod pertapt een of me tonects and minu land Wells. From bal of mod takto from buru' purpuss Charles Darwta nlied n aparato plan, belonger! tinct precies! Many plant wc bare books or packs Wheel for atractuent to frater. Soch Hide the probe potuen toner bikh mnoually fles from the mainhand of Alma ibe Hawalla Ideo edmo beyood, probably apart momy riddle of plot douributor The atastrophe a Knigo past paturplosts portunity to obtain the colonization of a blend With of the mind well destroyed, toad the remont ach deep layer of luna marca el recorded bok for wechs K Urt let op ·76 THE SEA AROUND US toe after the exploatre cuptor of 1883 m, trom a blok Hodpotot, De polaanko idand AJ 1000 it sport to vult it, clenthau marched for dgns of Hfe, although bard to lomappe bor un llig thing could huro prired u dogle plant or animal could be found. It wa Dot woul moottu after the eruption that the natural Cortes Tu to rtport I only discovered ono microscopic splder-oly Thla snore photos of the report on wu bury ipinatay to Stoce then were so Insects on the bland, ibo web plag of the bold little spider wu prorumably ta vun, and for a few blade of his practically nothing lived on Knol for a quarter of a century Theo the coloobru begin to a few mammals la 1908 a number of birds, Ibaard iaka varlo mollusta, Impacts, und arthworm. Ninety cent of Krkaton i now habitants, Dutch rekenthats fo were forma that could have arrived by or Lolned from the great mans of life on the continent Do opportsety for the crabreeding that tends to present Avenge and to ellmlouto be ben tod umnul, bland le doveloped in a retorkable mange Ou theo cvota bita arth, nature bas aiceled a the creation of trang rod we fal forms. As though to proro her mcredible versatility al very hand bus developed mecies that ard codemle-that Schey are pecubar to it Llore and ate duplicated nowhere al Co carth It ww from the pages of arth's history written on the lant Belds of the Galapagos that yous Charles Darwin pot hlara inkling of the gat trata of the origa of special. Ottervtas ibo ang plants and animals-pant toron, black, umetby lizards of bussed the food in the purl, a llons, birds in extraordinary variety- Darwis w struck by the vine skor tarty to malaland spects of Soutbud Ceris Asocker, men wa haunted by the deference, dulcresces that dainult them not ooly from the mainland mpole but froyo thon co orber blands of the archipelap. Yean later he was to write ferninscrice Both lo space aed tape, we seem to be brouple Homewhat Doar to that great fact that mywery of systerler the Art uppearance of new being on earth of the new belop evolved on bilanci, come of the moment Alking couples have been blird. In some remote are dont there were men, i mall poreonlike bird found is my be the Hand of Mauriin, the lodian Ocean. By process of chango at which can only pues, thuy bird konst the power of cht, dereloped short, Hout lep, and grew larger mu Teached the ho or modera markey Surb wu the orpha the fabulous dado what did not long airrtve the street of ban a Mauritius New Caled the sole booke of the ·ne ln to oud of ITTI! ooo, rokd by CUETCO! my Donname anunohu du plastu. Upoo pecha tia pro In the world of Intestian, doubual bether the Ha mort delicately balanctircond then that of a to i co troncat. Ton carlocucabermarkabt uut the runchy what the cours dautt dansa brik THE BIRTH OF AN ISLAND 77 Dose Ode special theso ostrichliko brda good two feet With Moda bied rormed Nr Zaland (rom the early part of the Tetbury thout that ttuated when the Moosa trived noon | Other bird form beldes the bodo mod the mou have ended to become barte. Pertipe the Galapapos tortobe because Tplast efter la utrl on the bloods, ahboub fodremos o to cootisept aux doubt on thik Tholou of wing u od cca old won themsetros (tho mod had done) oro commoar dits of borular Wie Insecta oa mall, wind wat blends tood o love the power of flgbt-thows that retala are in danger being blown out to Rea. The Guape poa klande hond a lightes cormornat. Tbera bare boto a kert fourteen specia of bghiem nth on the blood of the Pacto alone. Oor of the most interestoy cod cogactory characterbulas of Had peclea k their extraordinary tamenes lock of lo plitlation in dealloy with the truman res, which are the borter leschlop o aperlenco do not quickly alter When Rob ert Cushman Murphry roked the land of South Titulded bo 3913 with a party from the brig Dery term allchied oo tbo beads of the men in the whalboat and peered loquito ply into Lbelr imcer Albatros on Lagun, borc habits bactode woodertul certnicoul dance, allowed patenttrts to walk among str colonies and responded the gre bow to dmBar polite preetings from the version. When the Bdbeh ornithologist Derla Lact nated the Quimpy IslandI century after Darwin, be found that the baba alowed themelves to be bouched, and the flycatcher tried to remon halr from the beach of the men for pelos material in curloun plerain, he wrote to be the burde of the wilderney xiting opo ono's shoulders, and to please conld be much les nine were tan cu deaructive BI DID, unbappily be written one of his blacteat records mi dezroyer on the octank blanda. He be weldom set fool oo hland that he has not broabt about doustrous change H bu destroyed environments by cutting cauring, and burnunk. the ho brought with hibe i dana belirto the pet put od almou cannabis bet be turned Soowo opon the cores i bote Noah's Art poet, both catck, dom, at, and other of blu hf the Hest alotto tutoction In Cullen how daluru OLAKS pabata Dora The bike ·THE SEA AROUND US for altenice that the port lot of continental He bo on the bland when this penuo pattern of me baby changed the bland aatures have like ability to make the fortinenti atcerary for serviral. Erna May tell at a reamer wrected at Lord Home Cart of Australia to 1918 la ruta san abort lo to they had po narty exterminated the native Weds that wrote, Tois pand of birds has become a widane, the quhetness of death roli beyt all was metody Oo Tigno de Cunha almost all of the unique ipd och had evolved there to the course of the ta rare by bogsind nu The notro laims at the end of Thul tog rodod against the borde of len pocta that can be troducod. Too Honden Idench, which bro bout the man plant and introale fatter than abnost any other area to world, uro i canic umple of the result of baterfaring i petund balance. Certain relations of anot to plant and poant 10 bod, bud powd op through the centura. Wbe cam mod radety disobed the balance, he staff arles of chain ractioది. Vuocourt brought attle ead posts to the Hawulo 1 lands, and the resulting Samsto to forests and other very - ODON. Many pimnt atrasceticos were as bad A IDown tho pamata w brought ID Dy Yuan cording to rtport, by e Captain Mater for bb beaut 1 on the baland of Mial. The pamataol, which has llebt, bore xed quickly escaped from the captains pardens, n be pastort ladda on Mush, and proceeded to bop from stand to hland. The OCC boys were at one time yet to wort to cler k out of the Honolu Forest Reserve, but for a they 6+ trosed t, the seeds of de planta arrived on the wind. Loom www other plant brooption Ornamental xpecter Nor* covers thousands of Leru nith a thorog armblu prowth despite larte Artes of poor peut to bport parutlebo coolrol It. Thero w once a money to How for the special puuro of botroductos chouc bude Today when you p to the blind you wt, tostead of the oqulou patlyo birds that preeted Com tala Cook, Aryana from todaa, aardinals from the United Sud or Brant, dores frora AG, veren from Australba blu from Europe, and to make from Japan. Most of the artpload bord We has been wiped out, and to and its fugithe remony would have to kar Luktuously to the most romote hill Some of the siand species here, at best, the port kan bold op ble The Lanuza taal I found nowbere in the but co the Doc man nund of Logue Eyed on the occurs only og ooe endwhere thero bikepe ·- THE BIRTH OF AN ISLAND We Probably the wh popadation of the specie door pot nord fifty putridash Desiructboo of the man tumpy bitt of land that is shotos, or the latroctusbon of a bottle or compretot pectes, could awy mop the code thread of bio Noa oman's babitual tampabs with nature's balance by trodada chotic ppecle but beca doar la mort of the Colchade of that would Lolo Hot in modern time, la solght propt by blatory About the year 1313, the Portuguen introduced pont onto the recently dbcovard lilmd a Hekme, whileh bed developed a mapnlficut forest of Ramood, ebony and bowl wood. By 1560 or therebout the poats had so multiplied that they wandered over the blood by the thousand, I locksmito long. They trampled the yout trees todate the moltipl. By the time the colocou had begun boat and burn the forests, that it hard o wy whether Donor poab were the most reparatote for the destruction. But of the reput there was no doubt. By the arty 1800* the loro * poor, and the naturali Alfred Wallra later described uts once bortitut, forts-stad volank bland as 'Tocky deterly lahich the formats of the original don portand Oy on the most acceptblo pobo crater ridean When the strooomer Haley volted the end of the Ader os about 1700, be pa few pats bor oa South Trinked thos, thout the further end of mouc, berork of delorer bution proceeded xo rapidly that ttu deurly completed whilo the century Today Tradat's Hope on the place de toast forral, aty kb the (ale uod decylny tronte of Londend treer; to soft rolcante work do koper beld by the laterladet toothart uiny wn into the se One of the moon creating of the Pacific tanda ns Layun, a toy kop of rouhich ! r outrder I the Hambu that it once wupporked forort of fundalwood and feated pelos bad tye band burdu, ad peculat to Layun kone. One of them to Layu maluchamos moncle antatart no more than toobci bio, michuap that tooed too tona food were never wed us wop) and for this weed to barre, and a roxa ble dbart, umkling belle Abou 107 tho arala of Two morej some of the tak to Miley about 300 miles to the west, cablubmg a recood cotony 11 kecme fortunate non, for woon betaafter tots Wib troduced on a W turn quarter of century the bulu Asd kuld off the Yeretation of the boy wland, restored sarily deser ind but uutermoxed themsetra As for the tud, the dermation of the land on fail tod ibc la nl And about 191 Pertum e Larus colony cool batet horro hero tore! from the way group had not recy grock thee 10 ·10 THE SEA AROUND US lag te w lo the Preciis, note went store to blood ladd from thips od Landtag caults They made it 1943 The ndal nelle vero daughtered. The an more and the yotrop Hits Med. The world's last Layan ni kes ta 1944 The tragedy of the actank bands Hes in the pique frolocability of the species they have developed by 1b procena of the age la roundable world meo treated then Islanda a precios porolool, natom! tros diled with bountiful iad curious work of ratios, n ble beyood prico bocaux cowhere in the world and that cuted. W H. Huduon, larpent for the birds of the paorpu roight even more truly bave beon poken of the Land The bonito ba yuolahed to return not 8 Tho Shopo of Ancient Seas Id 1ks on me and share anonite TW et and prodor tent dat WYBUXO We um longe of rainy Keat. Aloog on the coast of Uoked Santa scoattsutog ritual sea level hau bere percep A the the pero of the Coast and Geodetic Survey 1930. For the thomand-cule stretch from Manichittu Floride, and on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico, the ne amounted to about a third of foor betweca 1930 and 1941 The water is abo ridae (but more slowly) sont de Puebla ahores. These records of the ide pupe do not include the Lablet advico mod retreats of the water crised by wlado uod forms, but dgnify a steady coatoang duocs of the wa apoo the land This evidcore of rog sa bata lateresting and to acting thing became itu nan that in the short pen of het Afe, we en staly otaerre and newre the propeo al cor of the great artbrytbits. What is bappenlog la notkop prw Over the boy spus of people lone {be utan vilets buma come la Over North Ameria many thores ad bort isolas created to to the busins. For the boundary between mot kom Lod k the sport Berunt and transitory feature of the curth, the de ma la forever ropesto no encroachmento por the cop tinct in bs Bood, rejecut a b ebb, mortas bo bytten crysterious and finuety deliberate Now once pus the oth is overfull. It be spling over the c! dos of Hs before It All the shallow in the border the cou- ·THE SHAPE OF ANCIENT SEAS test hit this Bereste, Bertog od Chloe sot. Here and tu to do tri ma la In mà hand 3 Habard Buy the St. Lama embayment, tho Rahls, od the Sunday Sa. On the Adunte wat of tho Uolted States the mouth turystrere, like the Hudson and the Soupure hau dar been drowned by the wroclog bood the old, hoped candeks on bedden ander ben llota Cherepeaba nd the Daire The druco Doledo darty on bodde proper muy bo part oliloqe te thut bepenthounds of yean po pabaiga wboa dhe place of the more recent loa Aro bepin to get. But it to sely within recent decades thurt there bar been instrumcon to meture that wory part of the world. Er now the prognano kw rod cattered, couddertof the world on whol. Because the searchy of world record, ob pot own whether the the observed the Unrad Status doce 1930 being doplicated ou al obat contacte When od when the ocean will hahta procat crinat ind borta apain lts on retrou into its batin, do 20 can ay to the Het ovtr the coatlocnt of North Arderia boudd amount to a werodret lert (and tbero lo more than choosh Wuer Dow troen a lood kce to provide moche a ree) mou of the Atlank tund, with in child and low, would be obmerged. The par could break patou the foothio of the Appalachians. The coastal plain of the Gulf of Mexico would Be onder water tho lower part of the Missipper Valley would be abatrod. Il bowered to be should be pruch 600 feet, larp or nibe mrtera hull of the contient would happens toder the water. The Apprecums would become a cal of moto tulnou hand. The Gall of ladico would creep dorch, Amity meeting lake content with the food that bud catered from the Alle ak toto the Great Lates, through the nicy of the Sc Lewicace. Much of northern Canada rould be covered by Vilt trong the Arctic Octan and Husbon Bry All of this old me to w atrwondoury mod au croptik but the truth to the North Atena nad most other coolepti baro Inommen por atyre torog by the a tha the 206 breed. Probably tho mach mbrottfence In the laory of the earth tot place to the Cretaceou period atoot 100 pilon yen Then the ocean wie aed upon North America from the north, mouth, od mantly 10 mland ka about 1000 cola We thu chitada from the Arct to the Gude o ateixo, od to med at yurd to cover the metal pan from the Gulf to Na JTXT the berrhi of the Cretuotos good about all of North AIDOT heas sanctid Al art the rakiho xe rose They cred most of the Briab lutes con for watterolou.

·61 THE SEA AROUND US doceat roete In watten Eprope only the old, rody land rood above the way, which mtruded lokalen treo foto the central bigblanda of the contlocat. The moved blo Atria and Labd down deposits of ander weathering of these rocks provided the desert mod a Sahara From a drowned Sweden, on inimnd wa Bowed Roma, covered the Casplan Sen, und extended to the LTL Parts of India rere Arbaserred, and of Austrath, und Sibeu Oa de South American continent, the area later the Apde veto to riso mu corcred by * With nariations of attent and detal, there crents repeated apun and analo. The very inchent Ordoridlo some 400 million year 29, uboncreed more than hall of Ameria, leaving only for large banda marking the landa of the continent, and a watalog of amlier ces rising of the inland wea Tho marine trupeloos of Devoalan Suurlan topo were mod as extentire, Bot auch timno tho tern of varios walatho diderat, and I doubtful there bany part of the cootincot that ut fomno time but not at the bottom of ono of the shallow tu You do osx bare to shared to and the sea, for the tracta uncent Hands me everywhere about Thoot you may be thousand mile baad you can easily find reminder that recoostruct for the cry and ear of the mind the processons ita phosty waves and the roar of its pund, far back to the on a mountal top in Penntnala, I bart ut on rocka bitcoed toertooe, (athlooed of the act of bulogs btlloos of mtoute sea creature. Once they had lived and di bra arm of the ocean that overlay tbla pbce, and their remains bad settled to the bottoco Tbed, after cons of time they bad become compacted into rock and the ha bad receded after that more con the rock bad been uplifted by bockfopar the carth and Dow It formed the buck booo op mountain range Fur to the interior of the Florida Evergleda I burt *** dered at the feelog of the sea thu came to morooderede I realged that bere were the same fitness, the mac for menn space, the sme doromance of the why and to poring chupetas clouds wondered totd rendembered that the bord rocky Door on which I dood, its datoes loterrupted by operation muner of papped coral rock had been only recently cooh by the busy architects of the contreef nader u wurde er noe Lbc rod b thinly covered with nu and water bener bort habe feeling that the land has formed only the things to over the wonderlying platform of the same that ut my body? the proces might be revered and the war reclaman So lo al lands se may use the former prentocrol ·ar THE SHAPE OF ANCIENT SEAS Then of optcropptoo ombra tettone to the Holynes umekothee of 20,000 fett These rock tre rembolen & warm, det va that lay ont pouthern Europe md northtra Afrin ud teodos loto wurwesten Adla Thb Loon koon multo marmed in this tempo cich, La mutiloa ya Loumense number apo proto death, cootebuted to the building of a thick layer of nummut te lactont. Eon later the ancient Egypdan wars to curto theft Sphinx from toms of this rock, other deposits of the Mot done they quarried to obtain material to build their rich The Imom white cuts of Dorcr one compound of cult de panked by the son of the Cracow period, during that pret bandao mbart poken of. The chalk wade trom Iro od through Denmart and Germany and format tekent beds to mouth Rodh lo consists of sea of towe mtoute seu ahut called foram len the thells being concated to fether with a Ino-lettore depost of allom arbonato, la cooth to the farmomiend oote that cover larre art of octan bottom at moderne doptu tho chalk moeten to be a ml low-miet deport, but ita mo purem tuture that the ATOLO tog land most have beca low dextt, Cromatich Unulom wrial was carned award Grabou of wood.borot qourte handle ble frequently occur be the cuk, mupport & T Alcer tala level the chalk cooters Dodula of Olot. SooC AFC CD placed the Mmt for seaporn and tooks and a loved this retico the Cretaceoun wa to up the fron ny of the natural wonder of the tarth out there hecoce to the fact that out the ha copy or the land, Irld down in cheport of weddie, aod then withdrew There to Mammoth se bo Reatudy for cumple, went ope may under through mukes of underground pamod cater rooms wkh cebing 250 feet overhead Cares mod ponapewig bare bera da solved by ground Her et 1 eettamente iblhoof Imcwone dopoln by a Paleorar leaf te w my the Kory of Nugu falls the buck to Suruttor, bei runt mabayan of the Arctic Stratepe roubaard over the che loent lus wien et clear for the borderlands were low and Inde rediment or au care nto the plundste I detoket red of the bard rock atled dolor od to me that forned long cart car the prescat border horta Cmda mu the United Statet fluons of year tale Arad of water rear from tochto flackett poured over the cu Cutting the att shales that maderlay the dekoruth, Aod Learning mau ter mxt of the undercard to breat *** In to whoo Mesin Falk rod mire en Some of these land seas ett motse ud i ·M THE SEA AROUND US toru other world, Uiboagh all of them were shallow pued with the central best where, dovo aullert to the of the ocean watu har rakted. Some may bave beco 600 feet deag, about the samo u the deptbooter the edge of the continental shell No coe loon the pattern of Curtout, but often they mog baro arried the month of tropias loto far northern land. During the Cretaceous for aumple, brudinuit, clanumos, Laurel, and a trent Orernirod. When the continents to reduced to group of Looda there must bere been few plict that porcuard thoeutal type o durate with His hanh ertremo of bent cold mild ocalo dloutes muat natber bave been the Geologists say that ach of the grande divisions of earth tory consist of three phase in the trut the continenta byt, cronon bactive, and the tasud barrety contred to the bolor to be cood the contrats me loro apd tho han Invnded them broadly to the third be conllaente berus ance IDOTO LO re. According to the lato Cha ert, wo derored much of bla dirti gubbed arter opeologi to mapping the anceol as lod bands Today we liv un the beauty of a new cycle, when the contact ure highest, and fepically model. The ocean. However bero another larusboo upod North Amena What bring the ocean out of its deep busines, were & beco coatabed for eas of time to Londo the lands? Probably bere bu ahwin beca Dot doe alone, but a combinational The mobility of the arth's crot di boxepunably looked to the crophag relations of sea and land be warplor opwand ar downward of that surprizbaghy plastic cubstance which form the outer covertog of ibe earth The crustal overneots at both Land and a bottom but are most ourked Dear the coddoen al carpios They may brałe ople or both sbora ofta octan, one of all courts of a content. They proceed to a low and materiow yoke, ona phase of which may require million ol yan for its completion Exch dowomard movemDeol of the poodsental cost to accompanied by slow foodtog of the load by the sea, ach oprud busthog by the retretol the writer But the moverseas of the earth caut are not alone topo Able for the inndot kent. There are other bmportant crime Cerulnly one of thrin G be displacement of ocean water Luod redapente Every mub of mod of dit arked out by w trets and depouted una displaces corresponding the of Water Dolotem won of the land and the envud Irelation of its obstance bare foot on bout Interruption stoc tham beginning of reologle uops It might be bought that the level mould have beto rhiaj coada copy bor de batter ·THE SHAPE OF ANCIENT SEAS slople. As they love pobitince the contenta tood to the higher lo shto tared a part of its arge. The oceun foox to walicha tbe Rediments un infartod, ap todos los bud. The cue conoblastoa od n bete Bottles that will tout la arkey Ocean bere bitery compla matter not ally recommend a predicted The there by the prowth of the prett mbmarido volennoch Hulch bald up too lan copen on the floor of the octan Soome polophus belien there may bare en important efecto the changer level of the set The bulk of some of tots voltapot k Impresora Bertoodab one of the tant, bat he Tolumo beooth the surface be about 2500 cubic milan The Hrnir chain of rolarglo bhot extends for pourty 2000 la actor the Pacic od contains xeral hbors of maat Her bloul displacement of water moet bo tremendou. Por bapo ha mort this coincidence that this chain arome in Carta troon ilms, when the extent food the world be ver wea ad- Vaced upon the continents For the past minulou rean, all other areas of marine tu perloor hen bere dwarfed by the dominant role of the blachers. The Plettocepe period was rourked by ahmuto od Paco 2nd retrets of a crear la tect Porr mot the lo ape Groord and mee deoporer tbe laod, premtoy southward touto the ralty rad over the plamps And four tiroda tho koe melted od brink and withdrew from the Land I had cort. W brno ba tbe but of tub lourb withonwl About haly be let forted to the late Pletrocede placation romana la to care of Gretaband and Antarce od the waterte plachers of certain mountain Each time the is the thickened and expanded with the Hupetted mom of winter after winter month tant cor ponding lowerles of the ocean level for directly or lod rectly the monturt thay into on the carth furtce i nula or DOW bu bapanya from the trou of the man. Ord partly the withdrawl ma tcroporary ome, the sea beng T. tored ra the Dortmua upofl of ram and chropow But la Lbc flachal period the Arts were cool and the mow of any Inter did not pret otrdy bat ere arred one to the vacteding hatet ca the Bewon found to coveted bcu So little by little the lid of the ka dropped obe Kuchen mbled to its nte od u the storm of each of the mu kor dacations the occa 20 over thoort stood all very be ITAL Today u you loot to the right place you see the crk HOBETT of voor of these cid mands of the mi Of Coun the trand must it by the atre de lonkerch are now dretty en hy aut od may be discovered only bathreath by ·THE SEA AROUND US Ing. But when lo pertures, the mater lord wood hi. #doa today you an ind its tracer In Sumov, a to fool 1 dl ull now 15 feet above the present level of the sa an and bencta cut to the rock by wire You And une thing on other Pecito blandta, and oa St. Hetaula South Atlantio, ou bland of the Indian Ocan, Lodla, od around the Cape of Good Hopa. Set aaren ta dinte Dow high sboro the batteria watu the foot pay of the moves that cut them are eloquent ol changed rolettogo ka and hand You will find ach arou Hy aattered over the world. On the weut coast of Norway brehurtabl, wave-cat tuael Out of the bard manfted mimod of Torghatten the pounding rurt of doodlog Interlad actr. pompway through tbo band, a danco of 530 feet, and a so dolog retnored party 5 million cubite of toct. Tbo tupod non gancha 400 feet abovo tbe kez. T devation is doc la part to the destic, upard rebound of Cat Ster the melting of the le Durbog the other half [ the crate, when the res Lover and lower us the placut row to thicknen, the nec ander mexagchungareer lur-rotchlog drumade. Every river fdt the elect of the lowering waters were speeded to their count to the ocean and he pe strength for the deepeolog and cutting of to changel. For lowing the downward-moving shorclass, tbo Hiren extendeu their courses over the drying hands uod mut of wat only recently had been the shoplog ven bortom. Here the nahlot bor rett wollen with melting placler water-picked up pret quantities of bon mod and uod tod roved foto thoa tured food Durlag 000 or more of the Pleistocero bosertop of san maneh the door of the North Sea su drained of its winter and for time becamo dry Lod. The riven of Dorthato Europe and of the B hb Islas followed the retreating water reuward Erot tuully the Rhino aptured the whole drins myter of the Thumor. The Elbe and the Water becimo 000 rtver The Scor roled through what is now the English Chungel and cut ref trough out lcrom the continental shel-pertape the box drowned chungel dow discernible by founding beyood Land End. The prentest of al Pleistocene placations came nther late to the periodh-probably only about outbound yun na od well within the lume of on. The tremendou lovertas of a keret med bare rected the life of Paleolithik mut. Coralloy be us Abk, at more than one period, to w way bridge a Bermo Sir, wbkt became dry land brothekend of the open dropped below the shallow shelf. That mere ·THE SHAPE OF ANCIENT SLAS other lod bridges, and to the powy As the ocrt to aded frog the cont of India, I loog romarbos bank bock to shoul, then firmally card, mod promittere man walked To Adam' Belde to the band of Copla Mary of the rettements of meat om met bare beto lo- Loted on the act or not the great few of the thren, tod rella of bla ctrlibation may be laam loog Ana covered by Choy boli oceto Oer mager mosledp of Paleolithic non ald be led by marching along these old dropped thorofra Od Letacolople has record.coded searchtoy below porukom of the Ati Latho Sox, with waterugtoy boab cartog proor clectric Light or trio with plor-bottomod borts and Artitch! Hibt so the bope of deacorontoy the oudhon of the bepth hehte midde of the atty Bed to coa Ured bet Prolor R A Daly be poloned out "The lar Clactal to the Reader Ap of French bilar tory Moa theo Head to the famous a onerlooking tho chat Dels of the Preocht, und bunted theredadoer bitch thror od Cho cool plates of Prince south of the le border The Lato- Gledal nr all alovel wu pechty uccompanied by the of the river run dowostrum. Hence the low car Aro bakely to bere beca partly or wholly crowded The torch toc toto rela a Paleolithike man shodd be pour Some of our Stoo. Ao enton munt bune kom tho poti of life per the place. Who can plaats mod animals Dored mouthward betont the lor, pou mua hrvere mated wib dpt end woond of the grat tracta nl Tolbero the world wa.place of forma aod blbard, with better wacha routoy down out of the blow mountain of loa thn dominand the borizoo and recbed mard mo may ile, Auled Hb de roario tomalt of the standing piciet od with the ibun de of mortos Lons of a breaking awny od plungin mo the IL But thom who thued ball the arth may on some pour chest of the loda Octan walked udburated og dry land over Aich the ken, only ready od rotied deeply tben toca knew Dothing of the durtant decker Box Od try widenind thir they wanted and bunied bere they ad becac quantula of Occu Wet te Iroton lot d toor Adipat land la my laptoare roastraction of the world of the Ice Are we are plagued by one laotata cocertainty bow how od de ona keed ( darbog tbe partod of mou spend of de glacan be wolnow qmottle of naler en trece la de palkinny trata frolople history to the shit om! TTC AT AN T4 Tul 10 ·THE SEA AROUND US flow of the plantiomtal et Or nu i dramatik down of the ocean by 2000, oveo 3000 foa? Each of the Turtout lerebs has been geted on ponibility by one or more protophet Perhep it not op tbut there should be ruch nadal destroement. It has beco about a century poco Lou's An an the world derstanding of the moving soontains of loo and their dom ing doct on the Midstocene vodd. Shatbou, acn to a of the earth han boed poticatty accumniating to EXT contracting the cent of that four ricettivo strada retreat of the lot. Only the preset geomate of lod by much daring thinkers u Daly bure moderatood that bicholos of the Loo sheet maante corresponding tomados bo oceng, and that with each retreat of the melting toe. turning Dood of water riked tho san lorel 01 baba ternate robbery and restitution mod huto take a COQwtyathu vhow and all that the preutru low lag of tho san lore could not have amounted to more than 4 Ieet, poubly only hull a much. Most of thoto who a the drawing down a much turer base their remontas the submers canyon, boue deep porra cot to the cacata) opar. The deeper adgons lake or more below present level of the ma. Deologinu bo mamuain that at ! the opper part of the aungoo werd dream-cuay that the me love must have fHlen enough to permettebb darto the Pictato ne padation The question of the fartbext retreat of tho sa lato its beslut munt wat further searching into the maleriet of the occu Wo KTTA on the vero of exciting ocw db.coveries. Now Octanorraphets and roolophyta baro better instruments to ever before to probe the depxes of the ser, to sampla lorocta Add desphy layered sediments, and to read with greater darity the dis pares of put bestory Meowule, to ser ebb od low in these prunder tides of earth, *hose tase on Daarble not to boots but to me kennis-kes mo ng they are intuible and uncomprehended by the wores al man The ultimato aux, should cer bo decovered, may be found to be deep with on the Bery center of tbe earth, or buy bo motoci bere to the dark spaces of our om herte + ·wty from Can Ilona Llifeloundsy a Nu TOMAT In minule by mlad tod boor de boor betoday therr Our offr-o puron la codd to you want the wayo more crated by the actional dan niet te hoogth of Lbe lady that madhoord teen, hore in the common und how mnog, a , becoo Deonry to be more at tot along the cost of Eapad. Houdtbama that rol mer be recorda o Ludowodt til Yoq, un bore on torty North Auratsastmed from Radom dland ardur of Oreenland South benadotroplal ForInnte role of the Adastik, Donor Dared the Vas Inter Along the cold of Floridaban coup from the TODOH part of the world, tilby u putcncl Limon al fina, 1x kone of the On the amo Collacpa ftcortos oo that A FUNDIDO on bts 09- Southern Hercepti T Critcontent Part 1 THE RESTLESS SEA 9 Wind and Water The was fret bony de Man Og THE Tu roll be toward Lands End on the watermart po Coriand they bring the feel of the dark place of the Athote Mortos thorward about the strepły doing door of deep an, from dart bine water into troubled orten, they pe the posouding od rod op crer the cootinental beli bs cofound Itoplo od turbulena Orer the boatos bottom they sweep wodword, breaking on the Sera Stone of dvd than hy blamed Lunch End, comlag In Over the wonten ledo mod tie rocha that roll out their allaicomy becaulo mirt As they approche rocky ttp of Lood Lol, they per propostracat hybry on the sea bot tom. By the fact that port of the ite od tall the id the instrument many thion of the tastant Adande water from wilt they bent cool, od thet op tre translated by its mectinas toto symbols poderadable to the forman tod, If you wanted this place and blend to the metrorolorbl bo ebarenhe could do the store te kete lag of the wires that are pont w .1 ·THE SEA AROUND US dow of the epicontigentul poat? Or mu ta dramatic dows of the damn by 2000, ce 9000 feet? Euch of the stron kevel hu beea marted am ponsibility by coc or more poloplate Peztupa ha por that the bodd be purch ndon ti preepient. It has beco about 1 ceptery doo Loud Apuak pretho world is deritandong of the moving motintaion of ko and their og afect on the Pietstocene mold Since thenmen bon of the arth her been patieady seenotatag the face and constructing the events of those four rucco dances retreat of the Ice. Only the prenent peneration of led by och danng thinko a baly here understood that thickening of tho Loo sheets ment i corrappooding borrerlas the Ocnd, and that with excb retrout of the melung lau a turning dood of water bred the worlovel Or this vternato robbery and realitution mod bavo take comervatreview and old that the gatert! Ing of the sea level could not bent unorted to more than fett, poolbly only ball a much. Most of thou who are the onwing dowa wa mucha genter baw their rasonlos the rubmand canyon. Chore deep portes en la bo Mental Hope. The decpet can you to a mio or more below present level of the sea Geologists who mabagal that it ibe upper parts of the Color WeTo treadout say that the kevel muht hero fallen cough to pertolt thha dartof the Pyar Cmno plactation This quention of the farther retrert of the sea lato ha badan musst anak further searchings into the mysteries of the car. He krem on the verge of oxciting new decoreriet Nam Octacorraphers and poloeht bero better forurent thin ne before to probo the depabes of the me, lo ample to rock and deeply layered sediments, Lod to read with greater carty the dhe pares of past history Menawbuke, the re ebbe and low in these prinder bidera carth, whos para a mezurzblo not ta hoon but l et lennix-thes to rut they are bortible aod vocomprehended by the renxes of man Thor wtimate ac, boold' over by di covered, may be found to be deep within the Dery croter al the earth, or le may be fomen bert to the dark spaces of the potne ·WIND AND WATER 91 thout beide part of its pure, which could bare been bonded in the ordinary vry only at pret per ud with Andien dithealty List must of our Drakowledgo al mare, la practical metbod ta bort d mustimo postoty Forces of the sun of the abod particubuty tbe becht of Det er became regular pretruntarla to talon in the second World Wer pecity on the part boorbes of Etropo vod Adrian But pplication of theory to practical toodilont wm u dret dim.cult, so the loterpretation d lhe actual deat of Syndicted belight of worf or roughnen of nou armce on the tode of men and mapptle between boats ac from bontato bence. This first attempt at practical modery, Octanostaphy woot modice pot most trightening lemod con- Seni on the almos deporte lack of buio Information on the frocardcotal of the nature of the man As long as there has been to carth, the moving to We that tell who have it back and forth werom Furcu. And sa loot n there be been to chan, los water bare cred to the pasure of the wody Most Waves are the tert of the action of stod og wider The us feptoon, such a thethal wird sometime produced by Marthquakes under the * Bon the marta ton of u know ben tro vind wra. Itacoafumed patters that the Wartoate to the open Troltunt of contenderent with trains, totermninging, orer lakin pautor or moretines et Op knother ch poup detong from the others le the place od koder of the origa, baktpeed, kes direction of movement pour doomed party to reach any bore, om detthoed to roll on halt an Ocean before they disore te thunder og det besch. Out of tub setraply hopeless contestoo the peocot Hudy olmay area orer many man he brouptr 3 rupe , DROOMS of onder water that bmm much to be learned shout warm, od croch to be done to empty bal knowo to mn't do ure, then bu old bars in on hic to recoarog the D. hbtory of Tve, predkt te bevor uodet to chant Soy ctrumuct of me ble, and forcted bcat og hurt Befort coastrabag an benary w history of trplaat rite, we seed to become familar th some of As hyakal caracterug. A w bus balstie, from tough to art It bon length, the datapce from its and to that of the foton mj. Y. The period of the wyt rdor to the true required for Kucere hog Utdied point. None of tiene dimostoosh Hike all thang, but bar detalte relation to the ned, the berth of the water and to other matter, forhtimore, the not that you I nie do not too hi to ku bist putih doxetben i cerebror ·2 THI SEA AROUND US bit with the pup of tho nre foto, but roturas to ita original poulthon. And ta fortunate that thon the hope muse of water that compre ware ustually crow tho mat, oavigation would be loupolble. Thosebo proferdoally lo the lord of wires coute frequent pleturesque aprendon-the length of fetch The Tetch b distance that the vara bere run, ander the drived boning te costant direction, wtbodd oharuction Ereater the fetcb, the bigher tho wire. Really larpo pivo not be generated with the confined space of a buy or 1 Iet. A fetch of pertape 600 to 300 mies, with wide of veloctty la requred to prt in the largest och vara Now It w poppose that after a period of alo. develops far out by the Atlantis perhaps a thousand mile the New Jersey Pout where are spending rummet bol It wlods blow Intepulasty with adden parth, shifting direct! but in general blowing thororud Tho sheet of water u wind responds to the chandas prestare. It b po longer a rurlaer becomes turtowed with Jimating troops Hapet Tho wire move toward the coast, and the wod created them controls their deutlay As the form and the waves move shorerd, they recetve energy from wted and increan m belght Up to a poter they will couno take to themselves the bered copy of the wind grown baght #tbc Artogth of the pate b ab orbod, but when a wt becomes about a Loventh high frono trough to creut us dhance to be sent crest, it will begin to topple to whicoan. Winds of hurricane force orlea blow the tops of the wire by their cheer voleucio soch a gorm tho hlebaut we 02y develop after the stod has began to bude But to return to our typical wire, born of wind and wier for oun in the Auantic, prown to tus fod beleht on the enery or the wind, with a fellow wro formleg a confosed, irrefular part tero Know saya. As the wires admJy pass out of the storm are theu belight dimishes, the distance between Acce stre croits locTEIKS, and the rea become '1*e, moringa 10 senge peed of about 15 miles un bour Nar the consta pattern of long regular melk pobedituted for the turbulepet of Open oct But utbe emel enters thellow water I Harthos maiortoutloo the place. For the Art time in to extra the the Iceltibe drus of sboalia bortont. Its quod ilace Crys of folloming wara con la towund , abruptly be helpt focreases and the the form strepeat the who spiring tumhins ninh of water falling down bato is troop Hamoireyhrethiot confusion of fogm. An observar tog on beach caste at least in frol goed n bethar the rurf pluit out onto the an ·WIND AND WATER bahan bera produced by a pale core ofthon or ta dhatent ters. You wit, only roctoly warped by the wind, bart. Po pete trpe crea e out at van Pron far out on the trong you can hear formlag Whitecape they cox to bor Konto an plas doma thets troou mod baltos ad bling over the treestat ftet, od the foalbrating to It prolonged mod deliberate procte. But if a mare, og tomboy kato the soul tone, then Hebatbouph pathering all bred for the trual kat of het It the art form al og barn og front and then bestos curl forward, 1 lbo toko of water ptonparadenly with a booming rou Into trough--then you may tart # that these white ant visitors from one rery distant part of the ocean, that they have trethed long and Gar before thett Bmal domolotoo your feet. What to true of tho Allantic wrren har allowed to run broond, of who are the world on The Indepth in the Le of wine are many How long it will bowlrk w tried to ubat tuoner of and I will come in un derernede perears, by the conditions menta la tua propterloo To the lace of the eu. For the one twental quality of . ne bo that he move; kaything that retarda or toga to motion door to dimolution Addath Ports while the sad my fect I wro moct pro- Roundy Some of the nort turriblo funds of the ocean ATO DO habed whiru urdal content cross the path of the waves or Love in docct opposition to them. This to the core of the tumo roots of Scotland, Mto the one od Sunburgh Head, ut the soubertetu ilp of the Shelland Islander Durlag ponb Mesterly which the roog b qucent, but be the wind. bon not rod to from my achet quarter they acouata te dal Teht, chahet Kreamlog Horoward in food or enwurd on be ebb. It shke the teulag of Iwo will be at The benle of the ma and do n foort over en kraa of a that may be Haron miket wide ben the tides art runnlot et full mrength to Samburgh Bled, lcd muutty chutimg wird subdlay only with the kmponry Westent of the tick. Ta tha coafurcul, tumbbor, and bon mga yuch often become entirely unstable and more imos fornuet my the truth Islands Polar Sie oben ban hoe toured boot for days to Father Sodo da proua viten beye heta peronised la Many parts of the world by Dark that are bundel dora through front of summen. As the time of our prindinhert idol bent godtatrs, the Bort of Duncoby od the MCT Mic of May tape atopouteeds of the Pradand thrth. The Jihog derection for the Fimb the North to low for 1175 antalped wront to minden heb utented the ordero che ·BASI retor Setar II b murat1 make for BEKASI com a parte * Frustrert med ki so se SVET Water AT& Pandi TSE, E ut Ahto Seat Sabarrocerte en tu com Vory IT pod be o no cu Sesonkey paberyad Leute Scro »utatud autos I de Had there was late sort og stort, once the stress the dite *** peat and could Do loro non dom the btary sort rolled out to cont and row 10 pc Lbe dits. And is the gen Adaptic, the coafasad runcung ends Otrou at the mouth of the Bay of Fo such strong opposition to win approuching from ATTET Dp cohan to southern ibat such wurdeve mhto the Bay is almost epurely local but its origte Out to be open sea, a true of water enconotertoy a box mind may be rapide destroyed, for the power that created int tray also destroy . So a fresb trade wind in the diam hat oftea pereded on the snels they rolled down Lod toward Africa. Orfnendly wind suddenly to blow in the direction the ways une moitas may bet to increar at the rate of a loot or two per mig #froup of tauntog ridge has been created the way to fall into the croughs berneed these lo poub op tapi Rocky ledges, shoal of land of the and to the mootha or boys 20 plai two that adnana tored thore frobe oprocenat totrud the short undhra react to fall strength urt mer that greut somerred blot Ctos of bose biften b Ostalanit Spalt The Wadronban te of the oldal Curtots that no tam or lost os melk of the Rebay of about its north ·WIND AND WATER Frogth of the mure that the bead of the bay b free from murt Era cattered rod od 1 copt my aller bent protection, by in the higheg wires to break there, so that they never ind the short La moru, no art contema of the wires and moder proper cooditious Day troct down in or conhboo the force or on beach. wfihla boxe pack lat vene mry cooot oo stooth eto y a pleb pogasd for be breakog berry about the adren of the pack Ice aquals formalar to the son mooth the wires by loerenlog the friction betwees water particker then the delicato, cytalino form of a mow Mako bu arch in direct on a waller mal. A ha torm will knock doro a rough res, and even a sudden dowopour of nin may alion turn the police of the ocman to Ojeda smoothneti, topling to the pasure of the sweth The diren of ocent times who arted ol la tbelr mouth to relcare beneath the prace wbon roupa mater made their Work ditcult wire apply bar bat every maman today knowthat oil appen to have I aloog effect on the freo wym of the open ocean Ioftructions for the two of odd lo mereces art carried by most ouuning direction of martiane untlom, O2 he Little dea on purt bowever ona the disolu doo of the wave fort has begun. la x Southern Ocean here the wa DOC destroyed by breaking on any beach, the great with producnd by the word etty mu roll around and around the world. Here ibe longut waves and those with the greatet oder spam of Crest are formed. Here, it might be porrored, the bigbest we would nivo he found Yet there no dence that the main of the Boutbero Ocean was the pool any other oran A long erket of roports culled from the publiation of opneen and blog or con bow that win bigber thao 25 feet froto troup 5aet are not loan Scorto may pro nuke a Loh, w full ple blot long moup in one direction to fach of 600 to 600 miles, the routing on may be e higher The pilot possible height of worm wave na much debated qualco, 1 most touhou chm mirve 0 feet, ad Darren u bbornly desenhas much iche nel Throughout tbe century thu ho fotored the mit of Dumont sume that he chcountered 100 at blight of the Crof God Hors. Kine getni, ha and wikh Muro berean. Is there to one record funt vehich heers of the orthod of me teemcot, mi to te kried u relatke la Fetru 1913 the USS Ramon procenter pale la San Diem racconti ed hver dans of ·THE SIA AROUND US portber The Hom va part of weather disturbanco atended all the way from hamchatu to New York ood mited the wind ambrokto fetch of tbottends om During the help of the rom the Rana po malatained a com runnhoy down the wlod and with the sa. Op 6 Fobruary rilo reached its flertett totensity Winds of 68 knote came pont und equalls, cod the reas reached mountatoom be wote sandlog watch on the body turlog the arty of that day 004 of the otice of the Ramapo aw o u Ilchu, a pet sarang bern to a leve above an iroa erop to CTOW'. Der of the male L The Ramapo was on keel ond het eer wa In the trough of the son. There Kances toade poruble on one line of Hght from the bridge Ihc Ch of the part, and duple mathematical alculati based on 16e dimeproty of the whip pro the belght of Wave. It was 112 foct. Waray have taken their toll of abipping rod of butun 1 Opeu , but to around the bordures of the world yine mot destructive. Whatever the belight of north la, bere b abundant ardenice, a ne of the can that follow show the breaking art and the upward water masses from thudertog bretons may fondi Whatter building, and horl none through lightboto wl anywhere from 100 to 300 lect above the ser, Before the of ruch rud pieni od breat water and other store busta pro frurile archids toyu Ahoort overy cous of the world is visited periodically by Lett storm fort but there uro mo thunt hate per lunk cato ita milder mood. There is not to the world! terrible than thlar eclaimed Lord Brya of Tierra del F where the breatens roar in upon the count with rolce according to report, an be beard 20 miles Inland on a nlpt The Night of gokta « coex, Darla bad keten dhary 4 couch to make landman drear for a week denth, peril, and thirteet. Orben dalm that the Padloc cont of the Upited States Dorbern Califorpls to the Straits of Jus de Puca bas" hanyoung to the world. But it seems volitely that any bYbhed moro Truthfully by the manyer than tho Shell od the Orkney In the path of the systonk Horm that tamad bet veca Iceland and the Brut Ja Allibe nd the fury of picha Horn, touched almost In pronsut contatoed to be truly prouak B With Island 10 the tarike pale which pruely occur fout of fre rretharadhtiaction between ur and water bs lost, oblects in obecured by stry and everythias reloped the thiek pote opoa the open coast the ·WIND AND WATIR bers, od krkuaz upon the rocky sbord ha la form for forte e bodied food preda OTET the whole country The bore porno bary in the valeat pale of short costoga ovde morary pake ba be blowing for by dry, the whole force of the Adante to the batny bo the chora of the Otkotyn, rocks of MAAY LOC titted from that bots, od to root of the purpo may bo Welpot beard for tresty mies, the breaten lue to the belp of 60 tet, und be broken at on the North Shoul, which los 12 la Dorthwestward of Corta Hend, i to bio u sal nod Dry Tbo tre men who are metrarod the form of a com Www Thomu Sterer, Laber o Robert Lock Sterisoo de prethoped the matrument town uw mamometer und wich ofied the waves that battered the coast of bloot Scot nod. He lound that in water ples the force of a wint might be preu: 6,000 pounds to the square foot. Postupe It m of this worth that destroyed to break at Wick on the court of Scotland bo Detteber Korm In 1872. The wird end of the Wick braakwater coasted of block of COTICIELA weblog more than 100 ton, bound wollty with broa Due to undertytag Hocke do pono Daring the best of the winter pake the reasot roghnert watched the ordersght of the res from potui an ibo da abone the broahnter Beloru We brueredatota cya, the block of concreto Ofted up and were thoroud Aher the forma bad mubalded tiver leur rated the wreckap. They fogod that not only the concrete tooootlih but the HODIK mched to bad been carried Wy the waves bad torn loonte which bod bocfly toored. 2x weichung, not lem thao 1.350 tom or 2.700,000 ponad Fire yuan later became clear that the fent bad beco dren rohanal, for the or pret weigtung about 2,600 tom, w the carried my adobet to A la ot the perreve ad irakah dolap of the cm ody be compted from the record of the Lacres of lights on looly kedras it was, op on rocky beadlandı aposed to the fa treath of sorts of At Ume the mout portra of the Shet- Laod i land door is the highthouse s brola opto 193 feet above the x2 At the Bulbop Roch Light on the English Chunnetbed ms LOTO ry from its place of tech 100 feet abort buchte und latet pake. About the Bcu Ract Light co the cost of Scoumd cor Norte day berg round ndi un turping, uthoogte bere nood Sot denly at the store bout it torty noonted to the ilk bal top the luotett, 117 fert store the act, way at that u attached to the to TT 26 feet mler There are bete barrolan that, to Chart ·THE SEA AROUND US tirged with the rupernatural, like that at the Eddyhoro Light 1870. The entrance door of the tower had been mock fed by strong bolti, o al Dustaga olght of beavy mess the "ts troben open from wikin, und in its tron bolto ed h Tere tor loose Engineer ay that auch a thing happen repult of pneumatic action-tbe added back dropbt by the recendo o borry are combined with mo relax of picture on the outside of the door On the Atlantk coast of the United States, the 97-foot t on Minot's Ledge in Matrachusetts to ohm completely veloped by muna of water from breakboy world to cart Bght on this ledro wa mwept away to 1851 Then there often quoted story of the December storms at Tstaidxd Lgbt on the cout of northern Calfornia. As the teep watched to form from hbo lantern 196 feet above high be could see the Darby Plot Rock pulled again and by mru that wept over te hundred-foot ctet Tben wir later than the rer, fruct the old at the base of the light wemed to be borroid wall of water to the level of the lantero and it burled as pray completely over the tower The abock the blow stopped the revolving the light Along a rocky coast, the para o E KTETC stora are likely be armed with Hong and rock fragments, which pretty arx thets destructive power Once rock weighing a porunda wa baried high above the lightkeeper's boue 00 TTLE Doot Rock on the coast of Oteron, 100 feet above sea level. In fading it tore a 20-foot bole through the roof The mme dy khon chl of maller rocks broke ouany papa of please the laakero, 132 feet above the act. The sort agarley of woch gorie concerns the lighthouxe Dumnet Head, whileb stands on the commit of a 300-foot did at the mouthwestera cota do Peduand Firth. The window of this light have been brotan repeatedly by HOD work from the and toned alot by For rallennla beyond computation, the man's wito bre bat tered the coaglioes of the world with croste alect, bere arding back cut there stripping amy tom of and from a bach, sod yet again to several of their destructiveacts, building op bar or more land. Valiko the slow scolode changes that bring about the fooding of ball i contbient, the work of tor wir hattoped to the brief span of human hic, and to the culptortos of the continent : edge to something each of o ute lor ouniro The Wat day dil of Cape Cod, rising # Eastham and out ning Dorth ou os lost to the sand dunes near Peaked 11.b weer big back fast the ball of the tractablets be Cores meat wcquire si dhe for the Highland Light bos diupparel Mure ·WIND AND WATER had the files in all to be recoding about three test for Cape Cod ba xox old, la pokoplo terms, being the product of de plek of the most recent ice ass, but apparently tho wants bm co my doce tus formation, strip of land some two the wide at the prestatuts of crosloo, the disapponanco the opter apo b foredoomed It w promumably occur to mochet 4000 or 5000 rart The man method on rocky con la to reur it down by padia, to chied out and wreach my trapopote of rock, each a wilch becomes a tool to var my the DML. And som of rock ur uodecote wote hupo na fall bruto thom there to be found la tho mall of the surt and to controuto more Yapon for the atact Os rocky bort the prodtog mod polumns of rocla od fryments of rock roos on taconmantly ed undelity for the breaket on pd cont bare dierto sound from those that are only mod to wart the deep toned mutter und rumo ao enly forpoder, co by ooc wbo Hroth casually doop much a beach. Few people have heard the round of the roof toll practically from within the mon, dexribed by Hemwood etter ble whakato a Bottlah młoe almador got under the ocem When candlung bepeath the ban of the cold, and to the purt the motto were box ploo feet of rock stood between in mod bo ocean, the beavy roll of the barret boulder, the coucher prinding of the pebbles, the Dere thundertone of the birou with the cracking and boulog u they rebouoded, placed a lempee balu mon appellent form o wady before we ever to be Sorrotten. More than oa douture the protection of our rocky ible wa retreated lo afrigtut anda mu only after treated Tuht that wc bed confidence to punar og turetuttoont. Greu Britain, as bland, bus way been coortou of that ponertal martoe manbag by warch ber coeth 250 eulen aray An old map dated 1786 and proposed by the county oncor Toto Toke, pres long le of low too and be on the Holderen Cont. Among them are Aduation of Horosca Bur toa, Iorprea Bect, and Hartbore-habol my by the man of Ancept Wiber, lydia or Hytbehoud by the mi. Many other old recorda low comparon of Preat shordlines with former ones and show troohhing towel nata of du bronhan on my parts of the coag-op to 15 feet at lorsker Dry, 19 ita tra Cromet od Mundaloy and 13 to 45 for u Sovhold The coderation of the come of Great Bitte oor of het present opineen write, to the won for to coaxecutive din And yet ose Kyle of the therapie ind banterre sbordure kantry to the kuptores thet of norlog Tre Tone C IAL

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·WIND AND WATER bodily the sa teeded from the wore, lavlag tipe turt bed brex cacborod to 40 foto ter eninded to mod the tbo ented in u pret man, and borta were arried a quarter da Band Tulostnous witberm of the war from Ha som and the the fort warning of the approech of recole same Nature on the benches of Howall on the Art of April 1946 Wed dermed when the secret med roke of the brate wu anh dely Hled, leaving a streare quiet. They could not know that u recenion of the wire from the tests and the below ful watert wat the real wore to earthquake on the de sopa de deep treach od the bland of Unimak la the Allrutin chun, mert than 2000 mbas my or that lo matta of motren the water would like replily is though the leche Te corony lo much too Inst, bunt without art. The rhm arried the ocean Waten 25 feet of more above the DOTTU Loreta of the tice. According to mowitnes rccount. "The waves of the top swept toward shoto with dep fronts and great torbucoco Beta crorts the wattt war from abors, apostog ret, comtal ruddet, and bar bor bociotou for distances op to 500 feet or more from the oral Arand-lino. The outdow of the water a rapta and burbukot, making a lood hbo rourton and rattling Dobe At weveral placeh boca vert carried out to me, and in some ut even lure rochu od blocha o concrete veni arred out onto the reels People and bets belooptops were swept to R2, XOC betog rescued boat bier by boab kod Hromatar droppod from planet In the open ocean the rea produced by the Aleatlan qınake vre only bout foor or two bipo iod would Dot be podloed from Youth Their logh, berert w cormou, with a det tance of bout 90 mil betweto proceeding crest. It tool the Wamt ke than bi to reach the Harun dhatn, 300 mia diruant, so they mu hinc porta a un peed of thout 470 mola per hour Aloo ontero Pactile Hotel, they en recorded our bat the Southern Hemote * Valps nho, Chile the distance of 1056 muitos from tho qlototor haunt cort by the wire to about 19 boun Thu parkolar Crococe od reumkm wants had one result that drumurbed, from a la predectwart It set people to thinlms that perbuat * Don toom couch ton pochi wives and bow they can the tot een could te dermed.buch ootd tot tbcm of the terror of the wespected Schumolpu uod quount on Te kod ndonnady wuch ysteme bon hero exubbed to Let the Ilmuan lilatt A ATROFI Bum Todt Index fet, 1141

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·WIND AND WATU We do that are they would a boy po e sbor dopyt arroceed to the to be the rest opproaches tons de trente baratto IR them botron k byte to peut to hubo here, to the seat tool that shtepise becoming shop centras, brat, afstand Harpa dorned Who cout of North Amers b the mos U that time dolibet Aleuting to to the Gold Abuzard renting this ape com certe te paret in ben tweed back to close in the Sachem Femapbtre bett Cooring fortes, more thend per otac The Decret de trein the proyting words, the cu toated to all of Motico do not need the do for more Tu cook of Morocco has em bere parcalary in the Detrol mol for there to protected bubor trou the Britt Chorur atod let me e miel The rollen the kad the Acade and Ascenice, Home, South Tatak Ibh, nd Percendo de Noronha ne besort. Apparaty the mon of vra occur on the South America com bar balapan Terbaik Gored , aartay on their comme on more to the way vadba o la Sorede Puctia attack the shora of the Propola books, whaten here been remocritte for the well-knows dryn Het papa hadits com South Amerta. At tendent Robert Camera Marty Houstonmarty that it tot el wepaustas ton rano pode to del pechal out for a certala ber of days durim while that of the vaneb rob dernpied by the math On woda w din porty rather con poornag over the wood Where becomito Carry my borty-toa trelle ore to wyty SIS, Brander The more propone from a place of origin ronde ponuke for de Marocen Protectorate to the for che pretera de tothom Thomas dood in 1921, tube udtrogblame periode with Windows Med en Dot Weeperpla report of the badion of a pe ure wiad trott att dry Wood of the Frosta o ne, taba port permet ufory to the ** Before than a bed, the portanti sd door been paired for into bonito, ma Kera De Bertar o mody ube tips bara no mert a kiss on mitmed tantum He boxe son bent u England and the Bouw two pela te aty ecurity for the tuhmoi sper veghi in oprio partiza

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·WIND AND WATER mnogo od to low that often than noticed as they trough the short, choppy Delormed wires af other bers. But whico a vei approaches cour end feels beneath por pritur souliat bottom, It begins to peat op into step ve ithin the word voor the deepening becomes thropth acetonted, acrest fortes, broeke, modi prat ons of - akt plunge domani Whater need on the west coast of North Amela be the prod bict of storms that the poidh of the Aleatham loo the Cult of Aluka. Swo reaching this me const daring the neather bus bien traced back to its arida ha the southern Hombphere helt of the Touring forthes, werent thomand mila mouth of the coutor Becman of the direction of the prendhoy woda, the Auction and cont mod tho Golf Maico do not receive the m rom fur distint stora The court of Morocco her awr been particularly at the ENTRY Of Med for there be Do protected berbor from the Stral of Olbraltar southward for some 300 miles. The rotten that Het the Atlantic lands of Ascendon se Helena, South Trinh dad, And Fornando de Noronha are bistor. Apparently the 1 Hort of rives occur on the South Amerion cout naar Rio de Janeiro bere bey are known me ochen of Lin tred onture, baring to the courte frOTA forma la the west wad bell of tre South Pacts, atback the abores of the Patmotor Wande, all other best bera responsible for the well-known tort day that plage de Pact court of South America. Ac cording to Robert Cruhan Murphy # ma formerly the con bo of biomaten la the fanno trade to dem und special Now.nce for a certaho otura ber of dan during which the loadtog of that vent would be interrupied by the wall. On och w day moistoty rollen com pouring or the kiwi, ad luro hero loowa to ary my forti con freight an to oproof concrete piers, zod to me trou rada utot. The lone proponon of m from to place of origin de It romte for the Moroccan Protectorate lo mtabhih merret for the prediction of the state of the wo Thousas done in 1991, her long and troonesome app with wecked veets and hurtel Diy teleponake reports of the conutitoo of the mi pre traxt Dotice of troubleme pri domu Nard of the urruch of rell shre un port tey utt ulety Lo the open lea. Delore the tria michalbed, the part of Crabtapa bad once heen santyred for KTOO Donths, S. 1eme bed seen the Weclist of facticat al be ships bet bastor og noe of mort cadont Mookera wifecording to strumento I thou nou lay tested to England to the Valley S m 11 mon pronde era gente security for all coche there It batran the scamor deeply Xpem

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·10 Wind, Sun and the Spinning of the Earth For the won those of the ad the ao noro de lave had try togar LION row As To Albatros ul groped through tog or Georges Bank ant vett a tbe malesummer 1949 tone of us aboard bed a perto democratbon of the power of u pret acaan PuntCol. There we per la imbundred olio of cold Adredic water beraten w and the Cut Strean, but the wind btw ponistently from the youth and the word breath of the Ricken rolled over the Bank. The combination of war and cold water spelled mending fog. Day after day the Albatroo pored ball dsculer room whom were not ry Fortale und won Door had a glassy Doobotu. Sometimes petrd they with watoto nutiestor acron this room, Etterlag md learling It by pass through it wala by KOTWY Evrop, thoon, beron it wt, wu pale dlver doc Surat la iba ship's rigore, the antas I ol log platlay padetuned rodance and abutment that wet marca Ou membones for quotatioos trom Cakendge. The worse of powerful preko felt but not xa, tu ne nude mank It brut pentT revealed money more dhumate than a rect cocomilt with the current Tbo permentat curreos of be octa , bo my the mort malesuk of her poedoonna Reflecting upon them, opr ploty Are tooo tateo out from the carth yo but we co rogurd, a trom another planet, the mom of the globe, the words that deeply trouble as morire or rothy cocomp It, and the worlu tact of the wn and the moon For a these comic forces an doucly linked whà che from currcots et de Occ. area for ubero ibe udgethe IIc best of 11 tbono imbed to becote planetary curtett Shoxe tbt word bere, the actin cunal han undoubtedly changed their counso many time ( boor for carm, that the Gul Suco Do One then boot 60 coulbon ran ok): hat would he holdnter *ho would in 10 deranbe thout ramen m tbe Conan Penod, for example, orm the Dt Toran, or in the lunice So iu the hell to af butoan bory coortret bonne Anmou buite that there bm beco any important change in the major patirtis of criak turul on Anbe Orst thing that toopremtontut the mom Toalha ameace Thub Dot AYUDE for the

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·WIND FUN AND THE SPINNING OF THE TARTH 101 betet banget brown to wafuta men odd best stodied by Stoorphen Tho Hrongly runty Equatorial Curttata te land far to puniho of men to the day of all So trained res thet a to veturt that web fatendag to pudors into the South Airpok could make do hasny - bu duy bad ploed the pecewaan anting to the reple of the pothed tiden. Hopee de Loool three ups allot south from Cape Currello Tortups in 1513 ometimes werd table to won the Galt Sutim, tod bough they bed groet word, they rude pot proceed forward, but bectved A few yean later Spaalt deprese learned to take urua apo of the autot ading Testward in the Equatorial Corrent, but returning bomo the Gulf Stream o fut a Cape Hatterth, whence tboy beoebed out fato the open Adanti. The kw chart of the Gulf Strea va prepared about 1769 bouter la direction of Benjamin Frankia wito be mus Deputy Postudiar Cepen of the Colonde The Board of Curstocros lo Bomoa bad compta loud that the call packets conlog trom Brt and took two weeks longer to make the reward Growing dan dd the Rhode Island merchant shire Prank Ho, perpleand took the problem to. Nantucket an optat. Tronothy Folper who Lold bito this might rary wel bo true because the Rhode Island ortal o well wounted with the Gull Scream and rolded It on the westward cromol, where the Eogthh ap wat vert noe Folger and other Neotestet whaleti oro per Rolly fanlur uith the stream becamec, be explained, w our parru o Wb ka, wtuch Leep Lo the oda of k bat uro Domhet witbla beron along the side and frequently con to change our ude und m coming that cocotima met and polo ruh bom pastel wo CTT the msululle of hand om may it. Wo bave informed them that they were acmaalng current that no funt them to the halbe of three mile to boor and add them to oth but they were too wie Lo be coumetked by ump American Ashcrunca Franklin, throting i Pity on bote mtakes of thh CUTTot apog the charts, uke Folget to knoot for Won The course of the Gulf Stream then cop ved on u old chun of the Atlantic und set by Fatlin o F Imouth, EDF land, for the apuam [the orth, how thiet it, bowie Itu baret printed in F et alter the Acrobulnod n puble bed in the Trouwstion of the Amerkan Pukstopid Society The thriting 1 the rulosoptoral Sackty editor d them to combine a me pa Fratle start odbolly ksintr o gure break to Wartrite paper by Joha Gupto oo Llar, modrowy the Anotal Vimalno of the Ice Come later hmorum med consung Ton frolit ·THE SEA AROUND US Cooception of the Od Stream ud the boat is the opper comet (ta bestond pape) Warit por for the deflecting banter of the Panemo ob mua, the North Fgosto Current would crossed Into the PS bodood te med bare dont Droogbe the many resbosta when the mottoets of North and South Amerika vero ruled After the Proape de rue formed in the late cos period, the current doubled bect to the Dortheast ro-otter the Acantho s the Golf Steim. From the Channd wird dhough the Flarla Struita tho Sem Laprea proportions. I thought of in the trpe hopard ception of intrare la the rest the from bank to battles miler. Itku mBo dorp trod place to stor bod. It dom i . polodty of pauty 3 knots sad lis rompe b tunt of bundred Meppe En la theme day of Diend power the control aft souber Florkda show wholesome repect for the God StreumAlmost my day if you are out lomall bout be enl, you may res the ble truiebtent and tookor youth to a coure that recta furprudlagts close to the K Landward to the Hmog opbroken wil of broerred where the watererbend coral rond their wolld bulbs up within tuhom or iro of the partner. To muwerd b the stream, and while the big boots could ocht that way sour spalost it, they would come much time and fuel to doing There on the pick theft my with cure between the role the Street The mergy of the Stream o ponthera Florida probably rema frota be fact that beto # actually Howto downhill. Strong analy vodo pile up to much prace water to the DITO Yucatan Chanad and the Gulf of Mako that the wa kuel there # hipbet than to the open Allance, Al Cedar Ken, op lho Goicoon of Florida, the level of the ka b 19 cmtimeters (aboot 74 locha) hyber thap at St. Augusto There k further unerenders of level within the curreot pach The Vipatet vater a detected by the arth's rotation toward to righe thote of the current, so that within the Gulf Streun them police atually alopes upmid toward the night. Along * coat of Coba, the ocean ba about 18 lactes bligher than mort the macalaod, thus upletat completely our potiope that the Jerel ka eral apression Northward, tbo Stream fotlom the contour of the cood. pour slope 10 tbe line of Cape Flattern, who turn more to krvard desertbos the sunken edge of the lood. Borts has left ks kooptent on the cotinent. The fout beautifully Kulp tured apa of the southero Allaotle coast-Cuperero, Fra Lootour. Hattentppureutty bave been wolded by pomalu ·- WIND SUN AND THE SPINNING OF THE EARTH wa na up by the pasapo the free Back bacap PTO te mir, between much pair of cepat the bench rum Subravotube apression of the styttunkutty switto the Gulf Stream dia. Broad Hatirtas, the Straum karre the dett, turning Dorth wu, patrow maandertag current, mar sharply mpared from the water og other dide of the 'uit of the Goed Banks the se li mog derpt dr between the cold bottle feen erotis mia of the Labrador Carteat and the wurm bip bize of the Stream la Wawer the temperature chup the current boundary bw abrupt that is the court to the Call Stream het bor buy be momentally in water 20* Weteer than that a ber stor, # though the cold watt PETU * mod barrier repanting the two water mom. Oon of the Here for banka in the world lar ta ihh replon over the cold Wat altho Labrador Current-black, Hankettos when Contbu uumorphers rempoon to the Gulf Striumhydoo of the cakt sortbeta S. Whitro tho Suraum lecla the be tod ocaun door know w the war of the Grand Banks Abends wurd and began to pe out lato y complezly corros torpe POS force of the auctk water the water that han come down from Bara Bay and Greealund, freighting is koebene bepe poarth tho Strean to the ones that, me the deflecting tord of the Chith's roution, hem turning the content to the right. The Labrador Carren Heel (broj routbward-morning current) b turned in toward the mamland. The Death you wonder way the wier bo cold at certain coastal porto alto add Upped Statet, refpember that the water of tbe Labrador Curtcat ha betweto you and the Gull Street Tom the Atlantk the stream become one arent thun drit of it funnmg out m thrte malo dilctloost ketaward Into the SPN Dorthard bato the Norweplan San, beru locum codic kod derp vortic curt und to warm the cost of Europe (tox of rea to to the Mediter Turn) Rod thence the Cmary Correst to rojom the con torlal Qurrent and close the curca The Athank curteou of the southern Hembyphery in prxth cally a minor mage of those of the NoribernThe ptat mod costatechach, south, it worth. Hon the dicton curteom the entera stead of the tera part of the oct. It is the Bengoela CurteaL • Ter a cold mint marlo Borthwird vong the 10 of Alnca The South Fqoutonul teemal otan powerful wream (the Chut. ERAT KITAN n poured parts and Rockin. nice) Los a rulet piisl part of lurte bine Marths Accort of South Aathood doo ·110 THE SEA AROUND US kcoad Tbe trmander become the Bad Cartet, which cka mooth and then turns that the South Atlantic or Anbir Current. The bale b. syutem of hullow water mo torolving throughout much of it couru no more thao upper hundred taboom. The Morth Equitornal Current of the Paciec bo te koop esterly running current arth, with pothing to detect te la He 9000-male course from Puname to the Philpptors. There meeting the barnet of the land, mod of it was portland atbe Japan Current-Am counterpart of the Gulf Stream A small part peruuts og westwind Court, fectos amed the broth of Austic slaoda, pert turas opon nel and treams beck ebooy the equator a the Equatorial Cousterite reut. The lupaa Current aled kuroshlo or Black Cat because of the deep, Indigo Blue of its waters Tous nordmand along the coulocal shell off entero Agla, tot doen my from the conuent by a man of key water the Oyasunda -thit pours out the Sea of Othout und Bettes Sca. The ·act1 WTA, but the bog 13 MHWir wonents on Lak dhed oh total of cod polo me from the Acutum, and Alalı aktacha tomad Culorna Thornhuder cooby updato in cool current morin putered ogre aux od hul mob to do it des tapaa hoort AUTOTEA NU E O Long Context Would act tod ban bor po poriat IN Whaluhall be upgral the Soudru WIND SUN AND THE SPINNING OF THE EARTH Japan Corrrot md Orastilo meet in 1 replo of fos uod temtuo wiec, la the North Atlantk, the meeting of the Gdy Sreen mod the Labrador Current is marted with for Dething toward America, the Japan Current forms the northern of the past North Packs oddy a warm water become Coutes of the preto dorar certen dynoms of the short and Pacife ocron. Cold can It ap Equatonu (ment ·which Hats the birth oth the mlaenls of the Ky, theft 07. in THE SEA AROUND US Equatortal Curt hus is como o frequently interrupted by blande, which are fortita desteettoj estast of Hamlet bra the central bute, that by the time I Ipproacia Ade #ky dering most has, 1 comparatirely took curter, lobos confused and til detted pattetu proud the Eart loda od Australia. The West Wod Drift or Antarctic Qurrent--the poleme art of the prints both of the strongest words to che world. roulot iton stretcha of ocean most broken by Land. The details of the, al tort of the current of tho Souda Pact, ure but traperfectly koowa. Only one bas beeo thor oughly tudd the Humbolchadhu bao direct an elect on burn on that the ovenhadon vlottet The Framboldt Cartent, tometta alled the Pero, dow Dorthward nooy the rest Coast of South Ameria, okrrytos een almost cold as the Antarctic from which it comin A to chul 6 sctually that of the deep ocean, for the current is Tetoforced by storios comot opwelling from lost ottank layer. It has been of the Humboldt tout petulns Ihre almost under the equator of the Galapagos Islanda lo these cold water, rich m mbart there is no abundance of a Ufa per hapr mpunbeled boywbete else to the world. The direct har Tosien of the Wild at Bonmat, but tons of ven birda From the wo-bated accumulations of mano thot bhen the cootul cuti uod blandı, the South American obta, a second hand, the weath of the Humboldt Cent Robert L Coket who studied the Peruvian piano industry on the regacst of that poverament, prese vivid piature of the Iue of the Iluobold! He writes of kontoense wchool of Amall thes, the anchobeta, which tre followed by mumbers of bonitos odorher Ashes and by me Lont, to the manne tlore they are preyed upon by the Abdi of corrorint, pelicus, Itanets, and other abundant wa bere The long des of pelians the lov tortoe black concha Common, or the nalotosts of plumpon som et produkty CODOT be equaked to my other pint of the world. The Dibra feet chietty simost admirely upon the schobetus Tw incbohtua, ther, Bot only the food of the breer Bhubers bert, at the food of the birds, to the source from what dertred each yeus probably a score of thousands of tees bittade bird mode Dr Coker estimated the anpoal Congmple of Behly datino-products birds of Peru o culto fourth of the Productos of Units Stain herten Because of the che Leating the coast of Sochta Agterla at about the lire INVIT 71LTD ·WIND SUN, AND THE SPINNING OF THE EARTH Srebres, the Hobbolt Comet turen Wortwind into the ha arrity to cool at most to the equator Aboot de Caimero hlodat pro ste to s amp mbutut omien cool porn of the Humboldt end the bloquatorial en eetboy to nipe od form bes, meeting Hidea DOTO We lod conflicts deep batera The conduct between opposar water min me in plast e con of the most dramatic of the ocean't phenomen. Super hitap und Highlaps, the strlplay of the police water and troch a confused tutokeo md bodlok, and then bede distant breatm accompany the dkplacement of the bordea bya by deep wit Asylbendence of the spard movemei at the water manes, some of the creatures that in but the deeper places of the camry be carried up bodily bito to ura, tent to wt od congle derovrtog and boboz do ed ab n Robert Cabinen Morphy word ooc per the art of Colombia from the wt0006Astos The night ad been in mod det, but the bebirrior o tre portaco Dede for that detp wntor waarbloy and that some sort of condict b programong opposing water man for below the p. An about the schooper mat, pierp w loped tato be od disolved in fontolog shitectp priched with the bloo tre of Luminescunt orpuntame. Soddenly On ckber ode, odata basily pertuko dance from tho big dark line, le wall of druncing or somed to be hoslog la upon W could bear the lab and rurmur of troubled arface cow by Prezenty w could we Hrum of foum sprinkled with polotu of heminescence on the Honly pproaching well or bend to the left V DC mod com founded thoughts ferme arthqut horas ocurred to alloo and relorether cod molett pecuharty helples with de maled tage ud a breeze to make the cat awet ba beto. Toe dremite Homoers of all that poing on, port- Over pare me feeling that I bad cox sa fally share on the bonch at three boon Jualet Horto ben the dart atsoalhoed MOI reached on pored to be nochmt oon than beid of the dicho T tortne ho un pats mere foot of tomto boals and beatlas tattoo on the sed tanks of Auloy Proint tarp buy ant durant to character from the burntar of mal name of the darknet to tot hoard, and thu s fotond hy wade kpoin ind punoft Tho per ere bizitash, mo kores, of gettare ko drets the rolling to lumbet sleep and dinns top beoeath Aslay theyth lyfore they made her huse e could be the chanello day of the rumor od helebong in the loss hom of the kutust the ·THE SEA AROUND US proved to come from the fwaping of email naha loc tlonso fu ute ph anled, they were shooting boto de and pouring down to bail The offia nu eething botling with life, auch of wus de profundis. Larvso of clawler lobster, toted key to murso chains of this mul bertolke Babes, a very batt Bab With its face bitten ost, rudder Baben, hangtog bend der ward, lurloou lantern-fishes with uhloine Hebat porth od parpto nviaming crabs, other creatures which mit not mums at debt and moch that wus too small creato disainctly A feneral holocaust me to progres. The Dale bas * endog tavertebrata or Krahoing out the plankton the menu were purtumand apturog dish of verloor nie and the bar Hah wtro do doubt capoyog tho quids As the rugbt wore on the many manifestatiow of abu dance and dovoumg produally almost imperceptibly d away Erentually Astoy bay once mort lo water but et * will and dad sa oil and the lap-lap of skipping ware & od farther and farther into the distance unui l wu loul Although much eactling displays of upwelling are sen! recogotzed by comparat vely few people the process taken regularly off 1 muraber of consta kod ut many places la the or ocean. berrver It occur in responsible for a profusion ble. Some of the world's largest daberla ut dependent on wellipt. The court of Algeria o famou for its ardue Daherk the orders are abondant bere became upward treno deep, cold water provide the minerala to rapport astropomk Oumbers of diatomy The WeH coag of Morocco, the area o route the Canary and Care Verde olands, and the southuc court of Afna are other wes of atensive opeeling kod scqucnt ricocts of maridel There be an coraziophy ako diot Ash frana in the Andian ser peur Omar and op Somali Cong near C hell fun both occurring in atto mter raing from the depths In the South Equatorial Corner Dorth of Ascepoloo Island Longue of cott produced by note of kos water from the hottom It extraordinarly nice plankton Upelung around the blaod of South Georgia, of Cape Ilors, mula tos one of the world ccoler of what Ine On the west cost of the United States the ateb of und sometimes I mucbu billion pounds to your posparty one of the Lorrent hisheries in the orld. The thery cook at ciht tucent for upclling wuch sets od the old familar to loptel chain. ulis, dialog, copeports, herrlag. Dowo albo est coast of South Am na ime wonistas proftrion In the Humboldt muntamed by upwelling het sy oohy Tall ·WIND SUN AND THE SPINNING OF THE EARTH 115 In the men of the curret cold la alt 2500-ml code to the catapuso hlapca but betop op the street Aalts from tudeepa bon When upelio take plaas boy conos, be the mot the body of the force the wach, the mrlus cur be routboa of the earth, and the shape of the hidden tre of the content foundations. When the whoc, com bloed with the detectas effect of rotation, How the worlice witen odebor, deep water motibo to replies L. Upreting suy occur in the oper kt wel, bot from a Monaty defcrent cancer. Wherever two stroopy morlog current dirers, water met the from bedor to the place were the DE xpornt. Ooc poch place to the restoranow bounds of the Equatortal Current in the Pacific, wbero the powefully merboy stream torna od poun part of th vit back into tho Cortet, uod part Dorthward tomard Supea. Thero ir confused mood turbolent waters. Thero b the strong poll to the korth by which the main cream, sensitive to the force of the Totaday earth, tords to the right. There are s od Bolin by which the leac grem turns pampon met and Dow buck tato the eastern Pretts. There is the result op Drom below to the other we deeptatag pron betwocn tho Stream. In the tutto daquetade of the ocean watts, child Ind enriched from below the roabar or of the plant koo thitru. As they malopty they provide food for the larger Ranktoo creturn, wuch, bo tarp provide food for sold and tab. Then muti are protiglousty ich bin tlfe, and there bert deace that they may him been so for many toomode of yun. Sredikh octanograpbcts retody found that oder bare of arrepeace the wedlocot loser to aceptionnly thick the layer composed of all the remains of the binom ipoa binom o mlimate creetarti tuu bare ved and died to the place The downward moveoncot of perface nit into the deptheb U COSTCCT a dramatic as opeltog mod perhape SIA the brum td dh In Te prault Kose of mad yatory, han i cimol be sta but ca only be upoed. Al mera known places the dowoward for a mormod quantities of water takes placet regulerty This wata ferto the dttp curat of whose couro bere only the Groot onledre. We do too that part of the ocean rule of bulance, by hich the ray bact to one ret of bor wton what she had Lattetty tortored for distribution to poubet The North Adantic, for example, recetres quathia of Arfue uet ( 6 muka cook exten kwood) froga be South Adapte via the Igton Curteot. The retro Net delle made at der kendt party to pery cold anti witer und party to come of the el, noe niet to the world, thal ·THE SEA AROUND US of the Mediterranea. There are two places for the dont of arctic water Oto La the Labrador Se Apotbal et of Grecalend. At crch the quantity of stakit mata prodiposome 2 million cubke meten recond. The Medlientiem water flows out over tho that wparut buuin of the Blediterranea frora the open Atlantic. The la about 150 f thoms beneath the mariace of the water that spil over its rocky ero doa do because of the mul conditool that prend la tho Mediterranea. The mun beating down on its nearly enclosed water create an ordiourly hleb rate of evaporation, drawtog oft loto che mosphere more water than I dided by the Inbow of stren water becomes tror walker and mort dense u creport con todes the purface of the Mediterranean falls below the the Adanik. To correct the loequality fighter water from Atlantic pont peut Gibraltar i rarico stream of Aurorth. Now wogtra tho matter flatle thought, but to the days pero out into the AU atlo was dudcult problem bcaat ihb rurface current An old ship log of the year 1655 hat to say of the current and its practical afect Weather ane made 14 pt leeway At noon, rood to Abroln Bay und anchored on the village of Roquetar Foun freut Dunbar of resxets waiting for a chance to get to the Ward, and learned from them that at leay Atbound wala meatber-bound between this and Gibraltar Some of the bu been to for di ceks, and an even got of rm Main, to be swept back by the current Indeed, no rexel haber able to get out into the Atlantic for three months past. Later mearurements show that these murtuce CurTCDD Bu Into the Mediterranean th an average velocity of about kootiThe bottom current, moving out into the Adidt, bet tronger to outward for n so niporows that li hu beca KDOT 10 weck Oceanographic astronaut went down to mestre uttarendy pounding them agulot stond on the bottoor once the wise of the Falmouth cable deur Gibrulur tad mte the edge of . ntor so that it had to be abandooed Bodi Dope bald we hora. The water that uplum (be arck region of the Atooth, well 11 that siling over the Gibraltar wil, spreade oor het Into the deeper parts of the ocean baina. Tnvenilny be ATO Adrotk, It cross the equator rad continues to the youth, datt past between oloyer of ster that are no from the Adlaretk Sea Some of this war with the Adontic water--that from Greenl. od de lederutnud tb #setut ·THE MOYIN. TIDIS de witter bort Word tcroa the equator and hu atrodo la o to Lattade of Cope Hattern The tow of these dicop ten la barby a 'for a tus pact ponderoudy show the mettered creep of ky boary water orota lorated or prodidors, und the arms contre med en de ft may even be that the deep ocean water oo much Wobal modetop, Acts to diktbett torde of the martese fruna not the orice format but the della la decy, dark lopen Hos oss bowledp of the source of the armis, ti reem dtand dat on the same species of deep-wuer foret batas nod be ben been collected on the cost of South Atthand of Grenland. And about Bermade, a proto Volay of deep water form has been found than anywhere the hero de motoring of deep water from the Antarct, the Arti, od the Mediterranean. Perhape to the samlets arem ward kubabatint of deep wat dit rotation after endos, first in tod drohtplytas become of bo almost beplan chancter of these shorty moring current There in theo, Downtor that is wholly of the Padloc, or wody of the Adante, or of the lodlar or the Antarctic The ef that we tod ahilan toz u Virgola Bench or at La Jolla batay may huw tapped at our best of oberecke kotrp or rotiled in the place to ran upo, before I moved Hoogla dart od A water way to the place And I Do ke by the derp worden aaba that Ibu OCOD an made ou The Moving Tidos I am the moon tot no 1 the rt t u met for women TO VENDAR JE Tun Do drop of water to the ocean, pot obte deres pert (the in tudoa por Dow kod rond to the nyt terious torces that create the thee. No obar lonce that affect the ato HD Cocopied th the tide the bod-crard ma are pure monitorets ft, und po tore than huo od farbe blow the puttet som dette tar kortere "ney are the planetary cottots, de bamire non then the IT syer bunte fatboms The min of meer ated by the adul proroc 11 Comot, all be che trop oor rumple to one mlbryca Lengua North Home Huntsociety co tom oftet ure curtid the tal cunni ha ach duy Into the bale y raty i tion ·THE SIA AROUND US Here tod there wood dramatic mistration of the the sida siest the whole seg, from ita surface to be The meeting of oppostog tide curents to the Strutto createn wiltpools (one of them to Charybda odola which so deeply at the water of the art that is the most of abu alstenes, thets erer atrophied or muy large, thetr bodies studded with phospbót frequently arocht up on the lighthouse beech, and the area ykelde a rich collection of deep toe frana for the of Mests Blolos Mestre The tida tro a responso of the mobile muient of the the pall of the moon Lod be more distint ko. In theory bu mavitatoaal attraction between cvery drop of a and even the outermont tar of the matterse la pructie ever bo pod of the repoto dan tato allght us to be abl In the paster movements by which the ocean yields to the and the room. Anyone who hos Hved perr tidewala that the mooo, far more than the con, coatrol the tiden. He poticed that, het us the moon rises later auch day by any Utes, on the menu, thua tho day befort, o, la most p of hipb de correspondinpy luer cach day and ghooa Wind unes to its monthly cycle, to the belght Lihe varia Trico cach month, wbcn the modo a thread of Alver to the sky and when it b fall, w the stronger till Doraesthetighat food tion and Lowertebb tide of the lapar mooth. There are culled the ulder. At tbese timts run, moog, und earth are directly to and the pull of the two beavenly bodas badded bring the water bilph on the beaches, and spd it wort leap uprurd apalot tbe sau allts, oddasu briorming the the harbone that the bonus tout bigti beide thetr wbarlı nola and modih, at the quarters of the moon, ben som and carb Bo al tbe oprio of a triangle, od the poll and moon are oppored, we bere the moderata tidal ailed the pap toket Then the difference betweco bigti low wita la less than u nog other time during the moott. That tba pa, with a meu 27 mike to that ou bould have ku taucoat orer ebe thehes this wall matelas a the earth but are surprising Bet tas the mechanks of de Terme, Deardcu counts for more than haladt most, and be the mathematica akulation bere beca mude method that moon power ones the tess more than two thut of the The dietes are coortbouy more cocaplicated the atten would pucrett The battuence of no und mooo ha conti dbaneto narybag web the phases of the poor, with the d tract of moon and sun from the earth,d with the poothand ach to Dortb or south of the equator They on complicated ·THE MOVIKO TIDES 111 that the fact that may body of water, whether patuna! troch ita oma perlod at oncation. Disturb Ha waters they will won with out a rootfog motion, with the Doll parochord mottatt at the end of the contact the bon pode at the center Thilat cientist so balm that the Den stores anumber of haine, auch with its own period No One Thatoa dotatenlaod by lo length and depth Those wurdenco that web de weker te motion to the attracting force of Snoon and on Bat the Head of motion, that ts, the period of Song bo water depends upon the physical dimonton than bl. What this means ta terma anchmal tida me sll The de protect a striba pardov, od the end of We before that sets them a motion cortok, lyhy wholly Daldo che orth and preemably settog barpartlayo perta the globe, box the outurn of the whole ut my partner place local ether with Estonbhilas depot bocorang wala * Abort peoprpbla dhana wbieg wu spend lonto obory iba recibort w may become art that code to Promo bebro vtry diferently from that friend place weaty miles up the cou, and propy daterent from what nry bere known for other locality Iwan PT yoo Nantucket Inland our bonttog uod ewimming will be hela tarbed by the tiden, for tbe map between high water and ophy about a foot or two. De wo choose to vacation car the upper part of the Bay of Poody w COMO Licha odwra to rbo uod fad of 40 to 50 fer, although both con art bododed with the on body of walk-in of Mdoc Or is pood our bollday on Chempas Day may and that the time of Wigt mitt ech day yurto by u ruchu 12 bort n dhiront pluontoo ba thotts of home bay The truth of the much b that bal topography - kore portant to determining the letture that to our młoda mat be A The structh force of the beaty bodies at the nic potlod, hogy how od bor tar and how wrongly be peod on mach thubnuthe slope oltbe bonton, the depd of. chatod, or the whof Abarth trunct The United State Couk cod Crockstic Surrebas DUK roboth muschiloe wholch * an predict the demo heltht of the Won un past or future date for ay part of the world, metal cotton Table but de todo time local obrerritom o lurs been made to show do the toronyhke fare of the plate poduly od arnt the thbal DOTCOntt Pertam the on altar du me urt to the more of Het rood! In derret gut the world mon but the shabun or place wight consider ·ach to portb of south of the equator Tby coorption THE SEA AROUND US Here and there no tod dnmatto Netration of the treat the tide attect the whole ocean, from a price to The meeting of oppostoy tila aureat In the strat crates wholtpoob one of these to Charybdis of dendal wblho deoplyst the water of the unit that the counts of abywal abstence, ther oyas atropadeda mally lares thetr bodia sudded with pboxphorectot frequently are cert up on the Dghthoose bench, od there are ylelds are collection of deep- frone for the of Marto Blolor a Maria Thetida ut i response of the mobile water of the the pall of the moon pd the more tilstant un Lo theory b. marttatlocal attraction betweed every drop of and crea the outerrnout war of the mierne. In practice for the pod of the two stan ba to alight to be oblitera to the ruiter movement by which the Octan ylette to the and the form. Anyone who has lived der tidewater that the moon, far oore than the pus, controls the tiden poticed that trust the moon be later auch day by any Cl, on the reare, then the day before, o, to mout pizori, throo of high tickets correspondingly later each day And DOON WIT od monthly cycle to the balahi tiche vorter Twice excb mooth, when tho mooo ba thread of threr in the sky and at when it full, wo the stronger udal movements the bigbert dood tide kod Lovatebb tide of the humar mooth Tboso uro alled the tiden. At these tone pun, moon, od earth are directly to and the pull of the two heavenly bodla badded bring the water high on the beaches, and read its url kexpl upward against the sea chili, od dny a brimming dido the harbon so that the boat dont hiph bake their wurli twice each month, a the qurten of the moon, wbro un and arth Do u the spores of a triangle and the pall of and moon and opposed bere the moderate tidu aded the pop udes Thep bo dermce between blir low water bo lets that soy other time durlop the booth That be ton, with ma 27 m. la flores that of the poor should have less to alence over the tickes then a small materiaal the art on Oru rurale Butta be mochanks of the winte recocardot counts for more than stapt me, and where the memberiaal calculations hen been padec dod tal De Door 1 pe oret the idea to more than twice that of the The Boer are cormously more completed the would econ. The infuence of sun and moon to mosta chandog rintoy wah the phone of the moon, with the tance of Doon Tod von from the earth and fb ibe porn ·THE MOVINO TIDES 121 ukom. The ray barty coscites with the period of the forta dhe Tbertfore the ter Dovecot within the bays med and corsouhy pcteurd by the octu tid. Tbo na Dela od datoring of the bay láts upper reaches, como the bap med mate to cond Into 1 costantly daling ara, ubo contribute to the great belts of the Tonty side The chat stay there, * rell as the moro o dde, mury from ora bo ocean. Flood tide and to poceod och Olber trond the world, s night follon day but as to wether then bub tro Wyboday and to low to each hmar day ooohy oo Gero bio rurylag rule. To thore who know ber the Atlant Oroscher He western of western for the rythm of two hled tiden and two low tide in each day retro portal Hel ca each food okke, the water trench about w Our woo Deprecediloy high, ma occerdos obtida fall about equal lo Bert bo that promet Inland sa of the Atlank, the Gulf of Munkco, 1 dierenartython preyib kroood tort or the border. Albert the scale bere but I thight movement of no more huo a foot or two. At certain places on the short of the Chilf balooy Oilbertto ondulation courbe od 000 fan to the baur day of 24 boont pluw so motoromb Hag the to roubled breathtag of that arth opeter to whom the uncleats Htributed anddes. This drurnal thythm is found to cuttered Neces about the carbuch on Baboe Mlebol Alate, and w Do Soo ba Freoch Loda Chinwell to the Gall of Merko By far the peater part of the world cost out of the Mclbc bel od the thorn of the Indian Oceandimplay I mitor of the durasi cod chair-durpal type of kler. There art two high rod vo low oldala day but the mateling Dooda mey bo to usequul that the second marcely rloes to menn a kere, or It may be too ctb tider that art of stres to equality Theru sem bo be so ople explanation of hy some parts of the actu should respond to the pull of me and moon lub ooc etryth and other parts with another Although the matter b perfectly clear to tidal wkolu co the beals of matbematkal akulation. To gata om atting of the reason, C D all the many separate costropent of the thiyochoctog force, .blob la com tout from the coopergran man of mon Hoog ondertha Deodos on local propertalet atery, try part of curth and while afected some depo tych tomtooral e por introne to some than to olben Pro muhtly the shore and depth of the Aucuk bata at k to mynd med Kroogty to the form that rodo. Ko rhythm. The lakurd sten octuos, a the

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·fect of toche comunic procond. Our dryk betiered to be reveni coods loose than that of Babylocha doa. Brusio Astro Ooret Royaliterpdy called the todo od the America Ptut oogtlal Society to the na dut the world won here choose bet otro kreds of thont. The aide toxed length by of the day be already complicht probleon I hate Tint of keepiny uro. Contato dicta auntha s touton, do not to be dealtele cherung Na Momie doch norr HDI Cote il sbor #low Dow card to cor Ingrad oot of foc Artboost the ti bmt bewest a od trer otthelow thy 400pedish to the poor tied the set of the total current to mon raat and disturtea dtg buted to the true Norge stod tide moarood tada olth THE MOYING TIDES be the whol Bear the mittom of you the moon butocoded, dtreo my by the filetha of the tide arutes. The Ty Dorem.cat of the war over to bed of the acou, Over tho tulo te of the continents, and over the fnland mar o da tell the power that is donty destroytoy the tiden for detal friction to produally slowing down the rotation of the en h thon mit den we hero spota of, it took the earth tuc borter the perbeps only about 4 hornto maba terephte rotation on bb och Stoca ben, the pptantos of the Biebe bes beca o pready doned that a rotation Dow itgoiret, exToo boom, about 24 bour. This party wil.com , ccording to mathematicians, onto the tory about 50 thalakon And all the while the tickel hedon vill be authg 1 second des, poubiboy the moon further way out as it bus abready posled k out more than 200,000 miles (According to the law dorchanker, the rotative of the earth to retarded, that of moon must be accelerated, md courtfaral force will any further wey) As the moon recades, it wil, of course, buen les poner over the tide bod they wprow Wake It win abro take the moon longer to complea tortill round the earth. Wben fonly the hopth of the day od of the month cotoclók the moon po loopt totale reattach to the earth and then be no lo sa. Al this, of cours, regalo co k tombod foto Auricult to concetve, od before it happek be quite prober ble that the houan ne bom mold from the earth. The may wem, thea, ike. Waidu fortryd world wo terriot that it may domektroopt thompte But already oveo allowed inaction of earthly na home od 18 difct from odber doctus the of Rearch a

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·that the trke bogatu bat. Untul adu usy wil torto valdytora Laut when the onlinnut) broton And the xhirong motion de motorrupted by hme beco do.d down by Bene rartheca und aux h k Vlo Aproa urdal creadoos of tot, perhuu hentino are the bort Toevordringhall scoren me lank 0 hored cardboa pa purt of the colors rust in Harle nyt or noto or three ption and high fragt. The cooption that rodun ma tal there out he course of theke a pund bun or bet turpetota te bout the THE MOVINO TIDES 10 to bocery bubbling and boiling zul poddealy the wh! pool matoned before hile ya md rahed with in pathing pod hrony the art witerwy Then the old man Lold to Muty of the own traceod Into the whirlpool and of bbs miraco los acup. Mou hare woodered bow much of the story that how much the action of Poeh fertile immation Themu Actin Mushtron and locals whore Poe plaard # between two of the land of the Lofoten group of the rout count of Norway I be descobed te draaik wallpool or o of whirlpoola, md en wichther boats bene strany bota dwa down into theme ptnning funnel of water AL Most Pockcockin augerua ceriakas detalls, the contul Fact obicto be bored his mattre en verlied la tho Salloy Direction for the Northwest and North Couts of Norway a padal and circumstantlal document Thozh rumor has pretty cupreruted the lomportance of te lahtroon, or moore properly forketa tram, which rund between Motta and Lofotodden, I be won the most dangerous Dilemy In Lofoten, Hi Holance beto doo, b en mcmure to the beauty of the ground As the strength of the trdie chan the sea become bearker and the current mort Irrego bar Loretog cilenere eddies or willpoots (Maki Bo) Dur lng soch perlock Dod bould enter the Moekeo napen. The birlpool in cartila in the form of an borwarted bell wiko modroond met the mouth mod errowed toward the bot tou they an larre where in formed and carried soos when the current del blot medusly at they disappone before the attaction of one, two or three mort will appet lot bonjach oberths so my ptus to the fa to that they are were other approut to od baro wole to throw car o may be buddy beach ot Komethtog thruwo lato be the most rush rechten los pd An up tho com Fotos de reden breeret, * bco be to break thout bert round, there a beauty in the Sattetror het bu tweet Tuberoen whirlpool hurtos Joca

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·- THE MOYING TIDES hytte, ble tre about the day after to fill or the per Noor La the vuon of portbeta Aittaa thers bare urch ht, on le daha bca the moon is fon and apparently only Bez, Theaters reproductivo alla loto the sea. And ba tropical Wag mun pub of the world bere un poal muertoe worms hond pombe believler ko preclecly adjusted to the team weder that, Derey from oburg thes, ou could tell to Shooth, dhe day od otten the time of day a weil Near Seson ta the Pictos, the palalo vorm Irts out Italifo to the bottom of the ballon vatn bara la the roca bod thout the man olarak Twian tachyur tortag the acup Haders of the moon' last quarter bort October und November theo Korta formato ter brow pd on to the antece ba mer the core the water for this purpose, cech worm but only broken is body bo two mult to remata la to rock tand, baú tauty the reproductive product to the multe und there to berts the cell. This happens at damm on the day before the toooo reachabs los que no end apate on the lattorlor dar on the wecond day of the opening the quantky a lit- Thed by opent that the man w decolored The Flane, bore water hr dolor vorm, all them Arbasolo and bar despated the periods of thet a robe Thulalo labar (tulo) for October and beloso lera' (barn) for Norerober Stomlat forum near the Glbert Islands rapood Ho certain pharact of the mood la Joe and Jaly to the Italy Archidego e related worra marto at the Parlac co the cood und third pight after the formoon of Murch and April when the tides an ronatog bipherL A Japanen pallow: after the new moon and patter the lui moog in October und November Cooctamg ach ther, the question toont box rematan manswered to the date of the does that in rom unknown wpplies the impulse from bih pop this beberfor or to o more mysterionty Rome obe intorce of the poop It is ealer to bragtoe that the premaod the shythrow more tout of the water that ba rompe wny bytop about the response. Bathy bok only cruin tudo o te rate and by far modem pecklat the futet oder of the month and for at the lene moremonis of the water that are related to the perpetu dow of tho nice At promowana on No otha aratur display mo aqui uxore too to the theal thytam wtbe pracoat, sheena teh bou a tony Debe Terno non any wat pronto Adaptation, a trpeng OTT NO L bor man the mara bao to Low Not caly the daily to film of the inches, but the poothly ade by whatram deyirohi og retta Machen. I busto

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·THE MOVINO TIDIS pod of the latertidel one on the odo ha abbod, had becoming potted Ith lop med patches composed dhometode of the worem. For the werel bou while tho tido om the farm Bethes In the mm, and the plant mototec or the breba od apart, but when the ttdt stture, the Partesh dot tuto the and to mold betog bed My out into deep water so the whole llfath of the worm Si condoa ot Toebenta conditioned by the map of the Whard toto post on the bo, domard on the dood. I tod most inforgettable about Coavaluta b this beton te beppes that i marto blatophet, whihtoy to stay prometed problems, namai boto colony of the OTTO to the laborutory there to stabils them in m aquarium, when there in no ther. But the act day Coorobuta hos one of the end on the bottom of the sqpartum, Into the light of Sem And what auch day tt inte upeln into the mand white got a brain, or what we would al e memory or oren Soy very w percepdog, Courvotta continues to live out the life in the Slike placerememberhoy la every bber i Ha wall piton borty the bital rhythm of the distant noe

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·Horta Prom the Notoundland Banks, or havo en THE GLOBAL THERMOSTAT de tre imperatore wat uboro Dormal, ma loog robered to be cold tod pory weather along the east coat le cod bort the Stream Imhorn, the robott ha winter would bottens Strooper Vlada from the Interior of the continent the der North American Imate li pot dombontod Det Stream, t l tur other be for the limita lythe Mode of the Stream ddha tutmrt posbod ploos by Dopuli tety moda. Almost trustetuty bowever eta too real frieben. One tlom dorth to the western bet ar Greenlead, there the warm watet attach the ke the mood Copa Formed by the Emrt Growland Current. babe posted to the south of content of Loelend mad, before on the benetke ruten, betapa penting mioect to the chien word of the blood But the male bruch of the Arded a North Athentic Drth Bom utward Soco # internate. The waiteremost of these bruscha turn toward mod Africa and route the Equatorial Corrent Tho che ou braoth, borrie entwed by the woda blowlay pued the crimde hon pilet up paint the coast of Evrope wure nater loood e comparable latitudes mywer to World. From the Bay of Blachy Dorth tus influences fett. du du contrat rothe northeastward looy the Scandinavian und of any laten bruncha that cornebeck wert ord to bring the breath of warm water to the wrote blanda tombople with other creats to intrieute burta indeddes VER.COMX of Spunbergen, warmed by 0 of these lateral teamor, la bright with Bovert to the preth Armer the cost South ka poter curtat, remming belte kod forbiddio Mantas tround the North Caps, the wo current test open malex Carther south on the short of de Daltic, choked lot. Some bene lo di Aretle Sez, near the wood of Nort Zemlys the last thien of Athantar wue foseppeur howing cometen las in the overwhelmy necp of the x7 portb trana mmier cute, bere the cooperature of the Co Burma devertheteu virker troc yeu to you and body dlacht chart ftof content tacite the war temperatura of Store The Brtush metrorologie C EP Brooks, choose the North Adeok te preal bulub op mod two cold tre Tot box top k the Gulf Streate the cott tape in the Eox Grrealid Correot in the Labrador Correa Net the whom de tenton the bottorato top or the couragan tehty contat la temportant but very starts to bort. The point of the bottlere deterono ter

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·THE GLOJAL THERMOSTAT bahan terbable prezin to beat on the entrar of the whole prend der areas of het pren und sprtop up to con powder the atmospheric lon Won the moving force of the ar ptptha metres of the oceto od navett breto durre le correta coward, komen te word om wbtward fora, ad roient on la hora kereta nor does the ocet dominate the air. Ito actect on bere le perto od hoteluty of the Euroopherd b ter retter She do mi transfer of hot trous ar to me. It tata 5000 Hou moct best to ITA E prea motion of water to al votoms of the same amoool. The butt by cable meter di Wuter op coolboy 1 C rould tabo be les posture of 3000 colle men der by the amo mort. O moother cumple, na layer of water i met deepca motor i conld wurm layer of at 33 meter that by 10 The Recoperature of the write tattoo taty related to morpharla Fore. When the urba cold, prouro tends to be with from low pressure. The modder al bound between ocas nad at there on then the bett of high od low pear the socondly afect the direction od drogth of the toda od treets the storms on that paths. Then max mort or low permanent content of high prot TUTT Oter the acum, three beach bomlapbtn. Not only do Det er play costroting part to the code of roundlag 10c, but they doct this bole world because thry much Stroplace of mout of the domet ods of the lobo. Too made todas artslosta la Weh-pretro bdo of the Nortbera Lnd Southern bombopher. Over all the That allot of ocean on which they below then paar wiada retain behar bertit Honly over the continents thurt they become toteupled poofthed, and more LA Othet ocean oren there are belts of low proptere, watch develop empediully to intet over water than theo wamet than the mirrorchog lade Traveling har seterke depremios at groek form an attracted by the US, they mom Aplay ecrom them of skirt mound their edrer so water formato a path row the loclandic low end over the Shet Lada no Orkneyt tnto the North Sea and the Nort spas Sen. other storm are directed by ill other to prekort a AT the Supert to the Delte boto the forester of Carone. Per bare more than toy aher conduka, the house prens ut. Ott Dhe non potuit alumd door de motor dimuat Lump And out of the nipa that futton and load bed troma the Ka Tha marted on the bathe totu those with stofn ol kroperto the rules for at Enrores ni come true truporedom of Allarda MOT ·14 THE SEA AROUND US the United States, por enden air from the Gull of md the tropical mate of the restern Atlanto ride the up the wide valley of the Mindgi ood provide rało of the critern part of North Amela Wbether any place will know the band actremad deotal clorato or the moderating elect of the man deprodal od its naudos to the ocean than on the pattern of wlod tod the role of the continente Tbo cest cont of Amerlan cetrta litla benett from the re, became the pre boy winds are from the rest. The Pretto coast, oa the hand, le to the path of the westerty wlods that her crous thodunda of mila of oceun Tho polat breath of Pacit bring met millones and create the denne est of Bntl Columble, Washington, uod Orspoo bereits Irutted.co Larrely restricted to a Tow prip try the ropes that follow 1 coute pandel to those Earppe.ba trant, b wiele open to the man, and Atlantic woorber bundreds of maila to the merlar By 1 mcinin pardos, there wo parts of the world that ther desert drypen to tbetr pemere to be ocean. The of the Atacus and Kalaharl deserts to curlowly related to Man Wherever auch marbe deserts occur there is found coobtoation of cfrcumstances I western coast to the path the prevailog mute, aod cold coastwis curtont. So on wert coat of South Amela the cold Humboldt ATCAM. nud of the aborts of Chle and Perutbe pret return Puctbc wateri se dos the equator The Humboldt, * wl membered, cold becinek is coat ruously belogrol by the opnellihog of deeper water The prescoce of this wie odbore belps create the widity of the region. T abore breases that peab ta tomard tho bot land in the ut fortocd ot cool at that bus lain over a cool a AJ rench the laod they are lorced to the into the high constar tates the ascent collo them more then the land cha them. So there to Elitbe condensation of mater vapor od though the cloud banud tbe fog forever con to rain, the promise to not fulfilled to look as the Aambalat on tu accustomed course sloot these abort. On the from Arica lo Caldent there to normally kw this in bodo roba la year It be beautifully balanced step-kep Teonato balupet Most bappens beo to Hombolchado ponarly deplaced is Dobit bort of atastropole At bregular miermals the Humboldt to detected any tra the South Amerker coadeent by a nutte control of total water that come don from the north. There it yeand H., Her The whole cronomy of the area to adoled to the series Ardity of douate. In the yean of E Nibo, is the mind out ·THE GLOBAL THERMOSTAT Tak breath notes to the dovopoutay rate of the teral region let boue upon the dose-dry hinder of the fan la cout. The road who on the prod buta Iterally robe od otpac, stopa no destroyed. Even worto thlap tenia. The cold outer fatma the Humbolt alektos do ba the won water mod the bird that the the cold me here on either mimbo sana Thore part of the content on Atria thet are bathed by 15+ cod Raporle Content are the between modimlala mda Tho denty woda Le dry descending windo, ad the cool breeza home there were thetr motstore capacity toctoned by contact the lat bod. Whda forma over the cold water nod rod to over the coast, bert ha a woote yar the rainfall the moreret other. The new rullan u Swakopmund in Walvo Day 207 Sonda mory along the coast, for then we ints when the could the fakers come the Humboldt, id baru abo tbeo aro end dhetet The trupaforetog Intuence of the ran la portrryed with benoud clartty in the striktog derech between ibe Arctke and ateret replona. As overyone toom, the Arctic b. dearty blocked in the Antaretk, a continent merrounded by own bether the plohi belenetny dla lud pole upton a water pole be deep upoikeance to the phytes the arth & onerruti but the heart of the lack on the charm of the two rozlomb plany evideot Thikr-corered Antarctic contbocot, bathed by me fun! lor coldoen, bo to the ritp of the polar anticyclone. High onda How from the land and repel any warming loguence that with seek to penetrato k The dead setuperature of thha biner Borld to per above the freezing potat. On crpored rocks the Achens prou covertag the barremes of dut with ebetr mayor Orione prowth, med bere od there over the mow u the red dont or the hardkom Mosebice in the valley ke apoed to the woda, but of the higher plants only bæponerthed Aunch of res bime managed to larut chib Lrad. There are no bad mammalt, the ima tbr Antarctic contrent contis oaty a berde, omglas mosquet, few auch od bolerowo miten Lothar catred te the urti amnen, bere the twodna bollebt with many colored for the Crer bete direct on the Orrealand keep and some of the uretk wiped om mee tem pentur tre high rough for the month of plants packing mr des lopment into the short, warm Tek kan met The LATIM of plant premia b Kettty labank at the com Per the Inter of the im Adent rutite sont thin the Art St, tater un wrt, throu od orcikoa

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·תו TRE LOJAL THIRMOSTAT face at the deep name of the Gulmarbord at plent by 100 feet with Petterutda believed they were formed by the spect of the ocean tidan oo the moarte ridges of Ae North Atlants, toogh the naten Doring to the pull of on 100 proog, la dona la the lower hands of the son, broko od pied Or Lo mountains of highly aline ter to enter the trdi ind pounds of the court Proa the Rubemutae tide om, Pettersson mod mood boplaty lo ubother problem the glog Sortion of the Srpen berling bahay Ha nettve Bobtas bad been the site at the rat Hussit herrlag Daharies of the Middle Are Ad trond the thirteenth, fourtseth, and ofteroth crotuna tha Brot a fahety w purrun in the Sund cod the Bele, the row ptuageway so the Ballk, The town of Skmor and Pabbo tew theard of prosperity for there were no of the overy voalih-bioplng tab. Then addenly the bery cured, for the beariny threw into the North Sea and kot no more loto the priomy of the Baltic-this to the comment of Holland and the Imponerlshmorot of sweden. Why child the bertiog ceux to come? Peuterwon thought be knew and the TQinttmately related to that tortor peo la ha laboratory, lbe pen that triced on a revolving drama ibe more tocats of the abourloc wema aur down to the depah of Gulpurbord He bed found that the submarine tra varled la belight and power us the tide producing power of the moon Rod en varked. From trocomical calcula tomt he lauded that the the mot bare been at the patent streagth during the cooking ceaturla of the Middle Aglowo cromaster ben the Balc berita Ethery wus Boorishio Tbon ron, moon, and earth crne bato toch poshlon at the tbox of the winter solarke tha they at tried the pretul porble attractior force upon the ** Only abord etery dghteen crotokea do (be beavenly bodies MUIT who particular relation. But to thu penod of the Aladdle Age the pret under het ware proud with unosal forct mio the arrow safe to the Biltes, uod Thibe 'water how talmat ibe bettong boal Later beo the unde betar Waker the betro remabled outnde te Bulik, ta the North ha Then Petter on rated Lorbeer iki of etme e madonna that tboxe ceatures of fucks had been dindon occurrence on the orld t blocked much of the North Attuat The most of the North Sta and the B ir nere blow to make a Bach. The wuien me of the world Krety md n momotore the cunati non political nod cares curred all over the reputated resons of the earth a period of Tar Nurt totar la

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·Jestroy the cot Duter atastrophes that occured Article bryt OCCUTTd how the third or foarta Ant Oh of the picti o colonit to the tidal theon The ot dodol fontort Te dart und biosfint poco Derunt *hen fry and more to v with meat culmingh, the Pebdeware Phra thes pued to take be poke he mi rimaitut nortet i henhol Tren Ix mation of the others the fact me coord throporto OP u futlander mit THI OLOIAL THERMOSTAT op meioned to the old record, Beat to con dat there the colonies lined but I will be de protect one ka the blood starte soksons bepo to interre by pretth century The Paltoan bepa tocatstylvris pole selpe because their serthera on ETSA-4 be the nod Daey were bungy They het par the protect Authfi Foed, dat karot and from the eastest kogeboKLES cho cologist could be found at a rare The cedera etikemat tiedot ooho nad chorda destroyed by S. Present e Greenland colonies who part cette face se arm bora kdand Ind Europe we niet te omskep to reach Gimbaud, od to colonia bed the stream The dimatic risors experheraced to Greecharse antate een mad fourteenth centuries he fet shot from * eta of moral events mod atrorimsy arm 2 cord of Holland i denned by Horn borste o kn melic Tecords my that, the women of the why IT LIV! W motver crowed on to be from Norway to De La medro Battle from one formato dolda o not let trading and machen und the Danish Wende Pederhana dengan crowded the trosra vand bottles were pe care seccommodate them the front of the Dalle weet Su Satung muthed the course of some of her to in the longer tas Hoe of Leludd. In other women to cliente para operature about to what of rock or you strikla noorena to Earty hay conta na ton truths ha tried that Home of the i ·bunt of polar la to the Arctic and for the who THE SEA AROUND US tiro among the Drolda mld that the scestort bad been pelled from their hands on the fir ddle of the Rhine by tribes md by a great trudon of the ocean. And about it 700 BC, the trade routes for ember form on the counts a North Sa, were puddenly shitted to the out. The old came doma voor tho Elbe, the Water md the the Brenner Pes to Italy The new route followed the rrethos that to source of mopply wu then the Baltic dapo glarm tooda bed destroyed the earlier ambe distrets they invaded there mm repous dghteen centuria later All the ancient records of climato nulations recmed Petterson n todicalloa thai cydke changes in the oceal Ladad and to the conditions of the Adantho had accurrel Fologlo alteration that could hutococo the clouto hr cartod for the puut tes cesturlan, bo woto. Tho stunt of these phenomena soods, toundation, lco bl -@rrested to him adblocation of the ocean drculation pakyto the discoveren to bola laboratory on Gutmarford to Hered that the climatla tanpa mero brought about as the ti poborho arts dembed the deep waim of por in Altbomb tidal movements are often well the thesexen, they al op strong pointbona at the rabmarino uries, where there bu layer of comparately froh, cold lytog upon layer of alty mimet water. In the run or cestories of strong tidal forces, mural quantities of lantic water pred into the Arctic Soad deep levels, moriat toder the Ice. Then thousands of square miles of loo that mally remain solidly frotta underpo partial thawlag and op. Drift kce, ta ertraordinary rotume, enters tho T Current und be carried outud foto the Atlantic chiare the pattern of morfico cteniation, which taxo y related to the wlack, the rainfall, od tu dr For the drit kor the aucts the Gulf Stream south of formadaod Asd search to por esterly course, de Beatiss fram of Wut purico mater that mmly brboy sof dect to the dimate of Greenland, koelens, Spheberretog Dorthern Europe. Too position of the low-pressure belt rooctor Icelod b so stuhod, with furiber direct afect a Europea imato Althoogt dhe really atastrophis Motosbanca of the polar Tertido come only mery apteea ceturtas, according to the teriton, there are also thythmically occurring perlocha watu u nunytay tatarilor cumple, they 9 18 or 36 jour These rapood to ber tildel cycleh they protocols nslations of thonet period od of im dnutio pabor The yeu 1903 for bestupce, nu meroorabite for their ·Hatry hd tau IK a Land) and to malo Al poda Lattade the birth cry od potat e record bye top most per totally free frono la to the ICT IDEED 1912 yil morded proud . (u boa quantklop.een beroes (924 hay Sa towarda donda pood roog bethe mouth utmerr Actinoap Bt Yes of the Archet de bos, both, beat THE OLOLAL THERMOSTAT Spartan biteria. Thent nu moral (ahort of code ne bodocher lab loop the court from Fiocuk od Lofoten to the Supernat od Kattepat. The rest part of the Porto Santo 3 Gotered with pack bos op to Moy the lor borde sprouching closer to the Worten nod Fiamerren cond them to befort Hard of arthe real whitted there od potok pedla dor uretle whitefith tooded their od to the Chaletima Ford tod tre cotered into the Pake The cutbrak od let come to a year heo curth, mood. de wat ha a rebirt porttion that pra condary, mus to this or the de productos Torch Tbo to dostatution of 102 mother are loyer to the Labrador Corrente ther that brought the date of the Thorsk How la ou on Bletto nu witneslog wiring a berdos achate, od It is betrirding to apply Otto Palers om bitu ni powibie explanation II H Dohottabhbod be good question that detalte change to the trutk dirts met bo About 190g, but it became i donishlody muted about 1930, med that the bow reading into sab erste And lempenlo repou. The telold top of the world b try clearly wumm op The road tomrd i millor imate to the Arcuc o perta Do ordingly apparter to the prester as a criptoo. the North Atlantis mod the Arida Sala 1972, for cumple Kelpoich bled mod Freunde Jordi Laod tot tha tv Hoe ba be honor al unde voriztag And three yan to be the cotto boo-breale selle te trou the Dorthero up Moran Zemiy va pobt porta of San FDAJ Zrol LA 1940 tbe which dortem cont of Enorme mort than 100 condotrache yo he Upornit (lautade TN Tarta og corap hele winter dertien Dersi for whipping coal con Word Sptes TFT Area Doniba comando tante try The KTO pe to me hortet by about to boots ou kutha Ruolo de Astue daw. A YA ·12 THE SEA AROUND US point toe in our records. The lock lbst of southern Work birds dover reported in Greenland before 1920-Indodes the Aperiaan verat xote the greater yollarkers, America cet, black-bromed uhetron, Dorthern combow orenbire COTTON crossbill, Baldmore orlaic, and Canada warbler some high-rctic forms, which thrtre to cold boxes, bare sbota thelt brug for the nimer lemperstorm by whithos Greco land to sharply decreasing tromben. Such absteturen toclude the northern borded lart, the psy plorer and the pectoral andpiper Iceland, 100, he La Catrorilory number of boreal and even pubtropical man vidion since 1935 coming both from America and Europa Wood warbler, kylarka, od Stherlan rubytbroet, scarlet go banky, płphth, and throuhes Dow provide excluing fure for Icelandic bird taber When the cod trat appeared u Agenpull to Greenland la 1912, # wus DC and anor is to the Eskimo rod With thetr memory tt had peter before yppeared the art court of the blood. But they began to catch , od the 1930 f pupported so mbelanda a fabery to the area At the had become dependent upon it for food. They were abo nuo to od us foe for their lamps and to heut ber On the west cour of Greenland, too, tho cod wi nrity the turn of the century albough there wun mall dahery tog about 500 tona a year a few places on the southwest cout About 1919 the cod bent to OTC Dorth loog tbt west Oreenland cont mod to become mort abuodant. The center of the tubery has moved 300 miles farther porth, and the catch b Dow about 15 000 toms 1 year Other labai nedoms or never beforo reported in Greentead hart opared there. The coulish or gren cod ba Europtho tb w forelp to Greenland water that wben two of the went aught to 1631 they were procopthy preserved la sallad Bert to the Copenhagen Zoologlal Musche. Bo doce 1914 thb fah bu often been fotod co the cod short. The best dock, cink, and ling, ookdoma In Ortenland water ut som 1930, are powtate rerularly lauland, too, bu grunge baitant -warmth-tortas southern babes, liko the buting bark, grotesque runth, the dayed Khark, the words, and borse muckerel Some of thcro umo specie baye pepermere toto the Barents bd White ren od vloos the Morna com As the chill of the northera ruten bu abated and the first buvo mored polemnd, the Baberles around keelund burea panded world out wd it has become prodable for the lon to poshop to Bear Island, Spitsberger, and the Burto San There waters now yeld pertape two Nica poonde oord year the wrrent culch of the pockers by my bubory to ·other worthy slackene la potny on it act and that many com proudy dappartd. If the present nuto a The Betty away at the models in the order Momotains We ao do that will pion the actis tihorlat for too Pict, the chance that the top of the orld be porn herb to be found on my hand. Tbo roulon Normy he posed voodoo-haftad kom of a typo ed tol Lo. 400 to 500. Thats elut that the mow cover la tot og modno bela then I bu bem at try to wich- Startar y uual trah pupply of more that in the Alps then ww beca potnl retrott od otkass at laden during the lut decade, which becimo antropole to the puma of in hutakha The most repld recalon olub occurring to Alde, where to Wat doe Iscoded about 10 kuoporters Apricot de rut antarctic deco Aro molge, DO 000 wy whether they who po mthing awry or wbu na bol Toport frog aber parts of the world show that the northen lacken Tt Bat the only ooa that in rocodom The plan den o mal Ex African high volcanoo ban be dato Hae thymete ant podood to be 1800'ery spoty sina 1920-mod the bedactal workepon the Apc and The milder ui od tuberculo lato con alty to im tooted to kager powlos rod and better cron The Xod reant ut Dow the role riber than the acopo, madan adidog of onu ba troproved to Iceland lo Normy pood Oct formet liber lon md both pice od sprace w Auf Dorthern Saundinare the tng bave prend nordly ahon aracter and powth term tos bare for de cor Bea at those ou du port directly under the Toe com la bere to do animg chup1 ant tatt trol of the North Atlantic Co. Creoband fatland Son borte, od ti of Dorto Porope, we bare ont er cu cold, droegt od dood to record them bob and not of cand ud pordado Cont of the Adtic. Doccotonbon to are her hat the thittat tan the 1960 bat du.com Set thus the artan od druri THE GLOBAL THERMOSTAT Dato sistence in tetor I the cycle tours, the male the bad bon areep northward at the bas te per 1400 to 1500 yuan The Bachelorphet Hand Abimann reports that Does Nor en un paciente tra Hytoy caly on att om maris without so the the hype moubts a central As 1917 and the desert tround the Northern Atlanto contenu 12 yet 7 a tak her Appartotty the ·144 THE SEA AROUND US Stream that com pest Spitsbergen bu motocretsed to that It Dow brinph. proat body of warm water ten of the North Atlack abow raing temperatura the deeper layu uround Iceland and Spitsbergen. Sa tots in the North Sea ad vosg the cotto Norway been growing warm.ct dince the 1920'L Unquestionably there are other itata utwort in about tho climate change in the Arctic and rub-Arctlo rog For one thog Iba kimont certainly true that we are no wurming-up are following the le Pielstocene plecat that the world climate, over the next thousada at pan, now considerably warmet before begiming downward toto boother lar Ant. But what are aperkericing DOT perhaps a climate change of shorter duration, meaturblo to decades or centuries. Sono clentbu nay that there must beca ali terke in solar activity cuspiss the pattern afr crepilation and aming the poutherty woda to blow frequently to Sandmavia mod Spłuberge changes to - according to the vku secondary elects of of premium winda Butll, u Professor Brooks think, the Pettersco tida! hai u pood a foundation that of changios solar radiador theo k boterexttag to alculats where our wentke aktuation Bus into the coutk scheme of the shifting cycles ibother. The great tides u the dose of the Middle Areh, w thel mccompanylag now and ke, furious wind, and toon dating foodi, ure more than tre centurtes behind tt Theert of weatert oldal movements, with climate u benign thir of the early Middle Ages, ta about four centuria hend. bare therefore begun to more groogty into a period of per müder Weather There wol be ductuations, Barth und po 3 moon more through spaar rod the oldal power mia mod WIon Bat the long trend ia toward a warmer arth the perto fom singing 13 Woaith from the Salt Soas A in charge leto por la rick or Ana. HCL THE OCEAN Is the earths prestert store bouse of mistaba bi moglo cubic mile of man water there we of the merge 186 mlusos tons of thisotred salto, sad to the ocean and the carb there are about 50 203ds llboa faol And * Datort of thion for this quantity to be partly borering ·Watos de od tatt mitten bn beto growing over the cons of time Fotoepilots source of the ocean. Hb to rocty mento to continut When how in rat the - blog this that tal fronte barry cloud cortlopty the mod curryto their contatod minerud to them. The they born to proceed watot my to Da, to odor of Art witor ding to the och ml motorovod bolerod to be about 6500 cable Rk curloos that den blic dority between the wo derrota in petrtot to entirely crtat proportions Sanctal cooportion of threr mites and that of a water Tho Tboth but fo four time Mouch colchuud chlodde for Yhd 46 mg o macha chitardo mal. An imponant hopke, yet bo be oun the proportiou Am stroozly to no lor te dashut Imeto mount o altum alte en cochody being them from the ma natt by DODA mimabod are bred for budinhos de copt for de pokeroncoplo hot that boose the formulera, for tho Dhe practura de conl ret, und for the hell of og en mod dem ud odbe bothyt Adocha obod be the Itact, too bo to .cod coat ut of myer and xa uch book 100 pactat per a trent than lo tbe * The Athen required by latatou to make their bella, and mothc une antitas brought b by rtrett tro largely colored m three oblikog plants of them Often thereu acopomin be porta of dilatom ol the mouth of mien Bou v the tor of the only top part of the rats envatty muchi DOCTOR total decolal requirto of the fe and bby treti poa to netrang the quantity tretmana ob h the mit Too bot quality of ctemxal or forth Icoctdbytuction that it in monarh de fichaler bdhtarted to their muhemm rutia of Yohud betwto the cocom frukt Thent un odoet da 67 tich mob ar an From My LEDo Chlostne other man {rou obmount buncd cherr Tubeth it aniod dorp nam se WEALTH FROM THE SALT SEAS The water, Lor although the earth be constantly sbiftlens support materials from pleco to place, the berriak? PO are formed bas been married that the ting some went only fulotly malloo Pochidoo of culctum trom a water There bo DoThere l'nm Voteuk ishin mart tar of And the potent volcanoes, daten Antar od Om och ·i buneo y upd points, yet holy Wodoo Loo for example, that runs acum to makmu focorrere la the blood of contaba wa id sedentar a chittunt, to bolo borlam (or bitch ra recenben ut ple) od the schoRelath dy base qezada otot ud ainated by totiets rod much ud IH THE SEA AROUND US cater Arectly into the sea, poar in borog, chlorios, m und lodine. All this 016-way tow of ment to the ra. Only to Tety kolled attent b there any return of alta to the land. attempt to recover some of them directly by chemiah thoro add motor mnd to directly by barretto the man's pl daolmab Thero bo mother wy la tho loaj, reciting! of the earth, by which tho saa til gre back to the land It has received. This happens wed the ocean waten rbro the land, deposit their rifilments, and a lost therax lent over the continent another layer of sedimentary roch. contam co od too witor ud talus of tho wou. But #booty temporary loen of ment to the land and the return bem at once by way of the old, fanfilar channel crosion, run-off to the riven, transport to the sea There are other curious Htulo exchanges of materiala hea and land. While the procene of evaporation, which water vapor toco tho att leaves most of the main behind, Aprido unout of a doc fotrude twell into the phere and video boos dbunch op bo wiod. The so-call calcur is picked up by the mods from the pray of cresting ser or breato cart and is blown inland, then down la rain and returned by airers to the octan. Then Lovisble particles of tea mh drifting in tho atmospbero are, fact, ooo of the many forms of atmospherkouchel around wb naindrops form. Arra ocarest the res, la reenal, recetro most uit Published Ogura barvo lasted 24 to 36 pounds *To per year for England cod more than 100 pounds for Daten Guiana. But the most stounding uplo of Larreate transport of cycle malt ts furnished by Sam Salt Lut la portbero Inde It recetves 3000 tons of wat je arred to it on the bot dry monsoons of rumme from Ne, 400 mila away The plants and inimals of the so uro very onch bremen ciembres than men, and so far oor om corta to aatrudt mineral wealth of the ta have been feeble compared with our of lower forms of the They have been able to find mod ezo elements present in such mboto traced that boste rema cordd Dot detect tbeir presence til, very EAT Septly record methods of spectroscope and tyd otro do veloped ·tat Lowdenci Coppab rocoranble only about a hundrath Wood at lobstein, otting into the topiratory plements donloth ind prosent hn tied proportion. As would celcium ponto, 3.6 per ctat; od polantus rulphate, 23 WIALTH FROM THE SALT SLAS 147 es that we been able to recover or tree of son of non water yet I helps to coortitute the life vador Into bmm blood hong to the recompthahmsots of taratebrato chendet, le ponte e con le for commercial purposes, cheap to thett the boot wity of the town censents by chemical analysis And the perheron Bed that all the other are there, when we e derretop proper methods to discover them. Prvo nalt pro Sport, cotton chloride la to tar the most abundant, maling i per cent the total alt mai prestum chloddo follow 103 per cent then mappestum sulphate, 47 per conti MT.DL. Al other combined make up thorumlog 3 per of the dimento present bo won, probably door binne red men i drama more Iban pold. 5 there to all the ten covertoy the greater part of the arthy courfacta court So honel quantity to make chany porvoo Lo the world determined trempt to rest obstantial Ouratry of polid from Ocean watent-00 bao the mou complet mody of the pold bo hea wuere made by the German charist Fra H ber after Se Flirt World War Haber conceived the won datruchy costa pokl trom the man top y the German was debt cod hl drum ſtrated that the German Sonth Atlanta Eupedition of the terror The Motor a equipped with Laboratory and Shadoo plant, and beta ceo the year 1924 od 1921 the reuse croured and microred the Adanuc, wmp.mg tbe WILOT De the quantity found slew the time beri oported, ond the cost o atractice fut preater then the two of the robel mrcovered. The stato scopomid of the matter uro about a fotom n 1 cube muke ditor there be bout 193,000 000 book and $1.500,000 b Wher Pul to treat them ratione of Weer lar yar mould require the needed song and crorty for of 2on unborn xh Xoo Icet gaan na siect dech Probably the protelat, rrlatvety than bocomplished hauty by arth, monpes and out, but by bum. Aanch ich Most verboth partire of Dutcact ba be kn ladie. lo te tone of the area of the choicult to death dute rust Anak Yat bo ou cery na pinat und almal Rotonoticity fault ·1 141 THE SIA AROUND US crtum waroeds tumulato nat quratikes of Apparcury the rodine to the kaban a constant gate of chetoalc getum beng oxidued, koriems reduced, upala o mto or combination. There ketm to be coortepi change between att od sa, the pod no lo pone forma beme arried to the ur in pray for the air a ta kevel tamos detectable que ute which dectes with ultirace F the time with np on made odine a part of the chemie of theu to uer, they seem to have become incredosly d pendent on it now wc Ounelves could not atst without a i regulator of the haul met notion of our bodies, through thy old part which accumulates An anime W te was florerly obtained front o weeds ben the depodt ut crude te of toda froth the desert 1 North Chuke were dien ered Probably the o Nunc I thr mleri - Icd incte - was worth buton SC tule ihm nne A tron but that 4tubre o ontrove techne owned fruit brut demo from the ruhe IT len to beans rocks retly at to nine un Armannil in the i hrom ne beld by the bere we р чи ent te The tiny frac present in ruxkW TTK ly depan leuther hy bear why ne tlm the hings I lt in uhe manan by mentor nues now there ar Lige planta co the COPCLLAU the Untou Hates - which uro ocean they now mind that ibe brodu a directly i Lo podern methwd of women up wuction of bromatoe have bupbouw cfr ou an The bloot Intolo Unt, includ oy he manufactur fwcd tve, tre elme pbotopaphe chemical dyeus, und damical mater Ooo of the oldest im ne deri at o knowo to Tyrup Purpl wh hihe Phxonum made in the dyebo from thc purri i ! M. This sul may be lile custom od unukei #wth the podigious and weermidad operxogabl qu 110 h you found today to the C Sen blcta con ctum 1 L some 850 mAhon tom of the chetuloal The Ent to I hope to Dad Sea h 100 than th. Appa eoth the compty and Aunty teed me Take prind hot pop, wkt chart foto the bottom Witte 1 likes och ta tort roch nient to the DI authorities believe that the wurce of the true Love to Myy of the Rhrer honda Sr prion he departe im!! ms of ancie wli w do tbara of bypoot are in Mamelom soothe mungu Ne por obenia by poskytos 1 the RCA Ht lum loog Hace om ·att mudo o contrat po bo potent la mo To corpored. In cubke mle o bata babatured ormounty It mom from the det de porble the ute powth of doo htion boty for its alpino todo lo the United States (add to y dit om tomaton mattbal, and its so to printin! tacititool, and bothpasta, od to rocha war trupetonta un bedry boobs ar da, wd that mornitha. Woererat mataba permitted tt, olon baro aruporntud mut from a water lor moty Coutube Under the bumi wa of De trop to the indkool Grados, Roma, id Egyptios bar Tere the belt cocodd load trawbero mi hove in order bhrt. Ered today la perts of the woda that u box and cry and her drylot ad blow solar cytportion of all be tird-ootbe bors of the Perlan Gulf, to China, and Japan the Philippion, and on the Court of Cullforb and the ultid Hoe md munt vtorol bento bart the action on wat ur pater than men todastry codid coupinh Sub add soda coable to carry on the portrool Alto Imun bel b the Renno Cuch on the mot Coup or lortu The Koon ka pat pluta, 60 by 125 ml, xperiged trora Da by the brod a Dutch Woco the mount to win Hot Water barried to by yo channel to in the Fata beba be the boo the han other boca blows frou the best DO on wat het muutture Wah b collectod a rool one the plan ovoravura Podes, and tom within the bare hema Tunt met bao be a bucodo o ang the band not a che oldal, anan dath met beh troolk Isla drop order the purtxo of the of your water that of DCO , Yaad darte Or watt ol dd Kumponded un bon band tot tys on nyt ta hich te contal theorreale sedmo um Dunn the road tos, buch and dry oddyyod deseti WEALTH FROM THE SALT SIAS er en docen niter md treating Hotth contaako bere the chyti dertred only from brloes or from the old mapoester-coothing rocka u dolomite, of ne bir o boot 4 mmiloa tome da emprestur. Stact and free extraction method was developod about 1941. pro persone che contestan a will contatos about half ton al the parent pel And the boormeablo tison to other for bereitet where in Bathtumeight metallo desired bestice its long dirbo Utas more, to one place on Peet thrict malas dibe to the hyented them > 1 Unterminoso ·vnd tea that overlay thds redon morto in trora the creportion of met mlada to the western Ubud wan. Thnh Starta Lake to the Moon Descrt of Curl " throttn up of a range of mout my te water that cand be te brasb of potentis from all THE SEA AROUND US France, Germany and Poland. Rains atme Keldom and the of evaporatioa wa bigh The sa beaune exceedingly alty It began to depoot layers of salt. For period covertak Anda of yeanonly opsum wo deposited pertups by time when water fresh from ihe occan occandomby tered the bland a to mb with its strong bato. A with the poem were thieter beda of it. Lateral ahnok ud the name still moro concentrated, depan porn hum uod mameshim miphates were formed (thly representing perhape 500 yaan) min bater and perhaps another 500 yout, there were laid down mtred point mapnealum chlorides or circadia After the wa huyu pletely evtporated, desert conditions permulied, and Kodu Alt depodta were buned under upd. The richest beda 1 famous deposit of Stanfon and Almrt: toward the or of the original area of the old moe (e, for example, LA there are only beda of taft The Statut beca aro feet thick, their son of brine her been knowo doce thirteenth ccotury and the elus hunt been mloed since venteen crocury AL D eren carlier protopleal periodo Sartan Ant cool mor utpunt ook morar por un her i Stics, trending from central New York Suto ETOX MI fciadin porthern Pennsylvapla and Ohlo and part of ou Douro. Because of the bor, dry climate of that thuoc, the Ya lying over the place grew to muity that bede of Alt Typrum were deported over a great eran covering about 100 WU kaart miles. There are 7 distract beds of alt i Ith New York, the uppermost lnog u depth ot about half mike. In southern Michupan some of the Individual aan are mort than 500 feet thick, and the appropate thickboy Alt to be center of the listino Basin b pproxid 2000 feet. In momo puces rock and mined to other wel Ardos ter be forced doma, od the resulting brine Pumpe both carlsce ad evaporated to recorrer the patt. One of the greatest dock piles of mineral to the world.com . Wh pke begun to show the 10 lutelato of go down be drie The Below that he ·Irtrokiano blu 1 kra. Eudly but reologic procure crated the premu WEALTH FROM THE SALT SEAS la centy Incoroned cond layer of alb und brane, polity thick # the oppor layar mderlying the pred sabo Lite nu tr worlod in the 18707 for borax fond 20 mula sach arried the bore scrow deet and per to the murder to the 1930's the rocorery of other rect from the late begin brombos, tnhhmm, and malts of unden od potu... No Sara lako lehet 40 per cent of het protection of potentiom chorld in the United Sata od bapture of the boru od Sithin alta prodaced to the world. dont future on the Dead Se probably repeat the other and see the Lake, us that ccatoria para and evaporodom or The Ded Sannkoo Is that remim of berte lorper Inbound then that once filled the motir Jordan Valley berart of the lo lepth 100 Tourth of the former votume. And the bunkers mod the evaporation to the hot dry clomate en cone the concentration of this makes the Dead Sm. a rexiroir of minerale No inlmal H var much buck here that are brought down by the River Landen de mod provide food for the moment Derde. It be 1300 feet bow the Mediteranean, lyla intiher below hery other body of water le the world. It occuptor 1bo Lowatt part of the oft nulley of the fortes cet us created by Wow-upping of bloct of the math ave The water of the Dead Senso wumer than tenk 1 cotton t wortor voor toa, ond cloud of its repor Boel, mbulous and ball formula Bhore he white ta betee prowi Dort bitter and the wh Of 10 kruches of the ancient weathe most valuant ann abt to H pool of Buld deep within the card 04. tombenougo artaloty to dribe the froh koutor of Com Hux tours och kom lo he trdo Tarohibitio fuodamental and and up noveloped a tot ung moth uithocth that have heca openince an hutter Othtroshe Occumonmy Do tad to an end it printos of Mateotok ume, pribylo Pacery www bat they are animal the matcm dan gulart tota retrolrum compart of the moral procesor the live and dying of ant tot depos Le dronco od retrato tiene the am and addrewd follapotban The thorpank theory ton blod kb roka som buta kesed of Mann man nub burda to of tonn MN Ld thout 1 1 Hoa a lend thus retro petroke ·THE SEA AROUND US Parhaps the perice of wooditions tarorlog petrokom ductioa la reprekated by the maot water of the Birch or of certain Normegler fords. The surpringly abundant of the Black Sab coolned to the mpper layers the especially the bottom len are devoid of oxymo ad oftea permeated with hydrogen rolphida In these pole waters there an be no bottom scavengers to devoor the bo* of martxe un mals that dritt dera trom abore, o they art tombed to the fino xdumonth. In many Norwegian Dorda deep layers are foul and aryrenler because the mouth of Bord h cut off from tho drculation of the open kan bry suc o The bottom layer of usca lorda are potrooed by the hyal pen rolphlete from decomposing organic matter Somet Loro dove la torustral quantities of oceadlo water turbulence of wara Ardeoply the water of these letbal, the mbing of the water Layers that follow brtop death horden of ishes and barettebrata bivag near the rurluce. calotrophe leacts to the depout of rich layer of material on the bottom Wherever peut of Debts are found, they are related to or promot AIL Tbaberde of the holand Gelds o well of Dear the present const The great quantities of oi that beto obtained from tbe Oklahoru Selce, for remple, Predlo pocos within Kedunentary rocks lald down in that vided thbe part of North Amerkan In Picoco The search for petroleum has also led reologbus to those 'unstable belts, covered much of the done by that Lal, which he cround the margias of the mala cau platformas, between there and the great occink deep. Ad ample of mach a deprexed ement of crust hylog free continental man ba the one between Europe and Near East occupied to part by the Perto Gol, the Red, blat. and Caspian Ken, and the Liediterribean Sen. The Goll of Merko and the Caribbean Sea He in bother bawla or badoo wa berscen the ArctiaA slow and studied Ka De between the continent of Ara mod Australl Lantly there is the nearly laadlocked ses of the Arstk. Ja rust en all of them areas hare been ulcroately rubed od depressed, belooplorer one time to the land, at another to the encroaching en Dung their periods of abuersion tbey have received that drouson kedoneon, and in their waters a rich marine fauna bo brecha died, and dried down to the on sediment aupet There are tag ou depout mull these arent La the Narla are the preus delle of Sandi Arabia, Iran, uod Ing Tse that b- derretan beterea Axla und Attre plads to Jorn, Sumatra, BOTECO, and New Ouinea The Ameters met IETIDCM ba the cooler of all production to the Haltera Hend ·1 oplorat Quinto Fototary rock eodetyto the cou... und d pender the word cance, Dora la tho lan deportedholm atteo Oo Ooi odot pietiekam Touchilor dextu In Lord. Too ak doma u tocuted to TV run, out the Gulf cl, LA fenomh Urdal len tai th, der er tomand the IR T. reby proboso whtama o danent by a pani the water bordern the alph cu mth o It Y7 Well ho de boom the wall but ka WEALTH FROM THE SALT SEAS 111 het prosed tource of the United Suta come Sta barbeca bort of the Gott of Malo, md Colapite d Wartoe betro id ali della long the western wota era of the Gutt. The Avetic ks are of is Son of the petrokim Industry bol od ron Adhern Ab, a banda porth of the Canada mahalin When the arette cont of Siberia hint that tih badruty ne both my be one of the gre od bra of Dos han estat per te per tattoos of petrotrom pokretima be boroved to be direction de la Dipo kar 17 hool Teatre of petrobrom bure bota Camryt UA matly the best od mod wedly worted Lolay mit A Soud dels posible production to her Taschen pare te that be ton belog comedor Ca the ocean botry be heuced to free things to e porte de trapped be remonter to the whole ki six ported by the scores of boodrock dirton Leon ale tady being produced Lachen It ne point metacotal weil 01 Giorni, Tax, a Lor* da han med into the watched to me durdo lo the United Sin the kans **** a beca centered on the of How HETI from redopo hrtory disa herketa pront. Fr ir cibe dry land overy Heart wtbeats that washed botol trom Haberete or Tiny about the month of the Crnacionu ta Ghd be to otcodes the lower that * scoured to prove deep santra Tele Dy poopbysical explanation ou the card ve hot and try 3 Haeterit ·THE SUA AROUND US te a intrareat Low a s mapoctometer whilch mear the mortation in mepetic materity brought about by tho doon, Grority meten also belp locate tho doma by toe om the yerlador bo mytty pear them, the specific marity of belog low than that of the turrondtog rodiment The location and outle of the dome are decorared by praphic explontos, wakati tnces the toclimtion of the Arta by recordlog the relection of sound mire prodoced dynamite aploulone. The methods of exploration art Pred on ind for some year, but only doco about 1945 they been adapted to me in odshoco Gul waters Too tomctor has been so Improved that it will map contado who belog towed behind about or curled in or from plane. A murity preter en cow be lowered nuplally the bottom and reading made by remote control. (Once operator bad to deaceod with tlo a diving beil) Seturku Dow shoot off their dynamite charre and make recordings while the boxu are under my Duplic at these improvements whilch allow exploration procted rapidly lb Do strmple matter to obtalo oil a Beldt Prospectia mort be followed by the leastog of I lod-productos arth, and then by drilng to see whether # actually thank Odabor dramos platforma rent on p or be driven a fut 250 feet tato the foot of the Gall wlbstand the force of WTEL, Cypecially during the season burricanes Winds, torm wart, for the corrode sea water opoa metal structures there are hazards Atst be faced and overcome. Yet the technical diculier far moro fitcoste odabore operation than any now attemp do Do dbcoango specialios lo petroleum cogloectus. So our search for mineral wealth often lands to back to sous of socient timer-o the ol preured from the bodia Anben, kawreds, and other forms of plant and a bon llc theo cored my in ancient rocki, to the rich bring bilder subterrasan pools were the foss: meter of old mu malo to the Irren of suits that in the mineral mbot those old sous laid down on covering matie over the enta. Peruspe to time, we learn the chemlal keret of corals and songs and diatom, ma that depeod laco Horld wealth of prehistork su nod shall po mort and directly to the ocean and the rocks xow forminy code wallow alon.

·Afra bn arcta ol gol ditt rum. TTL Add mo (et slan a rid Khat the horn of the Red Sorte to tuotte and treat Cho tooem 10 de otro tort ihnell yound the border of the rudd, caduty tanpor bactt 180 Wher, the cod of arth, the bestondag of tanto reports oot opostoroch course thinkable a. Tadocan yo booodass Hutnantte. I aponton Would you through pathering darten und obscuring tot di Tool comot to dreadh and chaoth blending on nd why a plea white blipooh od watot abyna nited and threar down lato a dart wodd from which that Theo locus art loud, bruglog forma, to moct a tho liter on boton crotrla before the Christian on, od in batar W Am To the Grtete te farlar Mochottienen u de tocp coartagent through the greater part of the Teka Outulder bathing the polpbety of the land world, wu Drehton, Pahape somewhere la Its uttamod apare wou the barw of the roda und of departed purity, the Elyuhan Belds So e are the idea o unattainable cootlocots OT of bottitur Kuchla the distant octan, contocity mlo pod with roleren Tuoi bottone Full at the cost of the world hur har Peripi ome ord of mouth talas of the mytieroos oorth a world deride down by way of the city code routes for ud ductnes on the short of Octam. Add told or or thepbeth o lived in the land of the long day at the perbe of dry od night wete dloucAnd patham the art not hocaion, hon cuft round the word of furg, 142 DTX U-chate at the fire ret to cry the commerce tih Line od PTOTIt me that 14ory dort rond the fut Ford Ltd no meron Candhalt the truthbing the the meant # The Erarcting Soo A me from which birds tore not richt Mr box forte DOND draped the time of the habitabits world was do vest octor rocretint all. that the boundaryo the land world curve to he picture place of fox and stand und dartsen Horner descobed the Cimmerlawn dwellings distant from ·THE SEA ALQUND US Somaliland, to Anable, cree to lodla and perhaps to Herodota wrote that they drcumnavigated Afria from a went about 600 AC, reaching Egypt via the Sunlu of the PD and the Mediterran. But the Pbooalclass themsetros od wrote Fetlo or bothtos of thetr voyagna, Ieeptos trade routes mod the fources of thotr procton arpa So there are only the poet rotori, ketchilly moported urchaeological finding that the Procalcos muy Launcbed out into the open Pacita Nor aro tharo unything but rumors and Wghly placaible postions that the Pbocoictam, on their contro door western Europe, may bay diled as far north as the ber There Le do deinita traces of any purch valta them, of course the Pbocnicians have left po written record of O ooc of their European popper, however thero ha brod accort. This was the apodidon mder Hlulco of thers, wxch uiled Dorthward along the European coup the year 500 m.c. Himlico apparently wroto account of voyagt, although hla madu tipt was not preserved. Det descriptions are quoted by the Roman Ariepu, with chowiod yean later According to Ariems. Himllco discountos prcture of the Colowe tem of Europe These mu an kartely be 131ed through to four DO breeze drives the thip forwurd, wo derdh the sli wind of this da ca Tbero b mach caweed a the corface of the earth is barely covered by al The monsters of the a more continually and thither and the wild beats auto nong the worlub vonly creeplan whip Perbaibe wild beasts aro the whales of the Bay of later to become a famous wbudlog ground, ibo Ratow area that no tompressed Himilco may bare been the dan Dutety taposed cod covered by the ebb and dow of the tides of the Freach courarno pbenomenon to od the almost lideleus Mediterran. But Himlco ato bod of the opeo ocean to the west, II the sccount of Arieo bo trusted Furtbet to the rest from these Pillars there bo to Nooc bas walled ships over these water propeone which are lackdog on these des con darkose kreets the ilght of day with a sort d. uod because a fox ar conceals the Ke bether there crlptive detais tre touctos of Pboenkias channer at the old keu rernurling themselves it tas hard to my bear the um conception appar apalo od apata baba echota, down ibe centuries to the very brebold do tha. Make ·THE ENCIRCUNO SLA SET u bbtorial records tre concertod, the lat pret of marino captorution ma by Prihen of Manila about . Utfortugal dy hlt willing, Lochundlag ono called on the Atres, una host to their subetence preserved for us only in bruary quotations posted og by later wille We know ET Kotle of the controlling crance of the porthwed of the stronomer ind reographer but probably the ders whhed to tow bow for the crew method of land world a Dutch to laurn the position of the Arctic Circle, and to soo hood of midnight we some of these thiop he may have deed of through the merchants who broocht down to Rod tober from the Baltic land by the prerlaod inde routes. Slaco Pythen the first to mo antrosomal madrement to determine the peopptile location of place od la ofber ways had proved his compelence ni mtrooomer be brought poro lan ordinary uk to an exploratory voyages. Hem to haya ulled around Great Britala, to have recent cho Sheiluod Lulands, and then to breve launched on into the opera ocean to e porth, corabag u lg to Thule ibe land of cardaight an. In this country to be quoted a reporting, the sugboto vero very thor, bo one place is in others three hours LOL mo tal ibo Forove plna thort tione aftor u hd set. The country was Inbablied by barbarian w bo showed Pytbe the place subotu the sun goes to red The location of Toulo B polat och deputed by Latet authorities, some bellenos I to have been lco- Lod blle othen believe that Pytbess crossed the North Sea to Norway Pytheb also ard to be described. conponked * ly tig north of Tbake, bict accorts better with Iceland. But the Dart Arosto metuin don over be avlord world and the of tho koos kdre Jostant place now ety them og bh voyanis seems to bare impressed the learned Doen bo followed bim Tho goompher Poudono wtor of the occan that 'stretched to intipity and from Rboda bo under took a journey of the lo Gade (Cadum the ocean tocamur its like and determine the truth of the bell that the ta dror *xh the hruns of reshbox body pto be rest OLTO A. Alor about 1200 yan afles Ribeu do hare anchet ther count of musta astor both me by the Nor To Omar Out dorthed to no northern Mut to Ang Altri bo recorded toetun Walchten und DUIT m of tortasta eiprios ankort Intrem k monien Lad het inepoan error Oni oo the 13 of thn Koca was the front to toun the North Cart, to tact Por Burrat Sezani luter to color the Wzie lound the arou I those who hated hyperpleo Keronto tu che ramen Acerdrebe ·THE SUA AROUND US the plug of Hercules as the tray to dreaded a darbe One Columbia hud boxa the I to the World the Ameriuonce Balboa bad moon the Pacinc and Moped had allod kroned the clobs, there arors, and boy pero two new heal Ope concerned the daterico of Dorther #po by mea to Ade, the other bud to do with a praat Contment renalty believed to the below the theo-down Magellan, while alioy through the stralt that som Mama, bad poen land to the mouth of him through all to WTA day required for the pepthroom the truth tbo Flights of many bra flored from the bora of tbbs 1 wilch M plan mot Tia del Prego Lundal Furet. mupposed that there were tho da thora od that feat which the theoretical geographer had already docked Bo to the south Many voyages efter Magellan reported land they 30 to be outllig regloos of the sought for content, but all to be blant. The locations of poore, Ho Boutet, word dedoktely dexribed that they were found md last apt time before beror deltnftety Bited on meph Kerguelen Hered Armly that the blak, forbidding and ho 1772 was the Southern Continent and to reported to French foretament Wben, on a later voyage, bo learned he had fouod merely apother blond, Korroelea Aumed It 'Isle of Desolation. Later trograpbers, bonyer hb DWD Due to t Discorery of the southera band woot of the objects of tala Coots voyage, but torted of coatineat, he dil ocon. By makiog an almost complete ctrcumnavigat do globo to highe southera latitudes, Cook revealed to Ice of a mortoy ocean romping completely around the rooth of Africa, Austria, and South America. Perbepy to Hoved that the hands of the South Sandwich group et of the Antarctic manland, but is by no means curt that by the first to se there or other blants of the Antarctic American Kulen bad quite possibly been there before he yet the chapter of Anturak esploration contains mayb pure The Yookee palety dle pot mot their competitori find the rich wealing protects, and they kept the details voyages secret Erldently they had operated to the ratok the Of Anugte thods for many yean before the of the pheteenth century because mod dl the two ntent had been cztereleated by 180 h mu to los ou the Aalaretkc contact us and wetted, by Copa NL Palmer la cornmutad of the lliero box of Beet of eight from Conosctkut porth A cratory later porno ·101 for poch paur hiduriy druomened, the Hae THE ENCIRCLINO SEA Lak dheorela about the natun d that Southern Ce cruemed of by 0 dd poomphen, no lont notrched ten model anyth, and finally stablbbal modo of the put continental and at the arth Non opportue pode, meanwhile, the dream of a Dorthern ne bo the school of Asia bed oor opodition att bother wo doc fruzeo some of the north Cubor, Probster mod Darba este at the place to the northeast, latted, bod turned back a left by mouthoot arow to dio bi to open bout Sir Kota Protin set out with the Embas wd Torror to 1845 py mtered the labyrinth of Arcto blando by what wler ered temible roste, bot the lost has the pen and perfabed w bba mea. Later rescue the coming from car and went bo ketvloe Sound Imd to the Northmwt pump w tabadid Herwhile there bed been repeated efforts to And my to India by calling austward through the Arallo Sce. The North me to to ban banded Warren la the Whito Sea and had probably reached the cost of Novaya Zamlyn by the time of Other they may bay discontred Sphabergen bo 1194 although Dua Dually credited to Bertots to 1546. Tho Porn hud Kented real to the pala su u crty as the Nileenth century od bulent bepin to operite out of Spahtuberpen soon after Hudron, bo 1607 called rucollon to the cat araber of whicles therethod of the bodied Borthens octaa wat know when the the between Spheberrea ord Greenland So he loat the Braint and Dutch traders beren their cospetuo netopt to And me road Dorth of Europe and Aute. Here were mi tempt, buttero Beyond the set of Novay Zemate secall me movement centuries Tourt o try the Red by ospedaloos o papan tarttk wloten mall wabundooed, I VA WAU JK79 flet me pia er of hona Mul 10d by the death noch Oh, to the Soudan V rptd from othethuwa LAY cutarch, ibefy n the framgwa So to by Urdu throurh biny VUT runderuator Down a bird from the RH te D. How didtby scrolhhit thou en wy dot tin the comtrent of each til dan tolon der Ruden ndes, and xole odbo o try then htwhom the oun bon het te the tabrak tepat Ling directors that in tilant de Surat htu ·WH THE SEA AROUND US these questions can be used with foality boor Douch to want to know more. of the methods those peoretre mester martoon, Phoenidens, we cannot tren poets. We have more base conjecture about the Potyoelen, for mye om study thetr Recodenta todry and those who have done pod hints of methods that led the macheat coloabzon of the Ptc on coure from blood to blend Certainly they seem to bart lowed tho dun, which burned brigbtly be the bar ala Pace reptoes, which ard to unllte the formy bod bound Dorthern Ma Tho Polmedos considered the plan moving bands of light that persed tctou the inverted pto Y and they allod toward the start whilch they knew P the blends of thetr deuddatlon. All the I utoderstood by there the rurylot color of the water bars of tort breaking an rocks yet below tho bortion, and daud patcba that bang over entry locket of the tropko eta mometimes seul Oren to retect the color of u lepoon within coral atoll Students of primitivo surpation beber tout the migrati blada had metning for the Polyesterd, and that they heart hoch from watching to Bocka thu pathered each year to prto mod fall, baunched out over the ocean, and returned out of the captaca tato tulca they had nabbed. Hard Gutty believe the Hamullaps may have found their following the spring migration of the poidan plorer from to the Howllan ctub, o the birds returned to the American malaland. He has abo supported that the migra futb of the theolog cuckoo may have guided other co from the Solomon to New Zealand. Tradition and wittes records tell us that primitive mulatter oftea carried with them beda while they would rekend word follow to load. The Iriga bird or MID-of-war bird wat thorc-nighthog Hed of the Pormerlot (erea la recent tot bu been ded to any mesures between bimda) od let the Norwe Sapu e bure Account of the toe of harem by Hot Vi gerdarton to show here the my to Iceland, Hoce kalotos Deo had no londnoot pt that that is the north bewed out to me with the three rino let boost the Antillew back ater. The word op Into de ar and back to the whop. The third now forward oreribe our #bere they found land In thick sod for weiber sporting to repeated Deota ba the Sups the Norwica ddfied for any other Iparing bere they wetc. Theo they often hand to the obsermos the date of birds to bodce the dirako load T Landrarna bok uys thet oo the counte troms Norway to Green Thrad And weabo ·orod yearl e se datos from about the dirth ctotury for Chrot hul radas por prianty te mode Pulo, ring distances he mec polut, the woda with which the raroos nland much he proucted, and the Lechia lor inchorrt or wohl ningu Text or dctnttely on to burri Lo fact thay thaton ardul Fuar MTK bon the te them from pia court er 10 tonn Y WTC Hot budgen door Torretore in Tamen I och cheart lontant Tak njil k ng dum 1 ** Dechnolocal THE ENCIRCLING JEA the roperabond trop faresou to tho south of lodong TE W od whak trom there. In thallow won li apthat the Nonton look more mort of towning, for the storia Norwegian records that Inpolt md Hjortalt found kad by proting the wind with the load. The ha mention of the bodo oltbe mamette needle agaido om occan be the twelfth century after Christ, but us * crothy later scholars were exprealny doubt that abould entrout their lira to an tostrument o obviously besked by the devil. There la fatr oyidence, however that tho Comuni la the Mother out about the end of the sta cery and in Dorthern Edrops with the nat huo For more than the one there had been the equtrakent de control Sunny Direction for mut many centurla before thha. The portokoso md de pertou rolded the martens of ordinary about the Mediterranean and Black mus. The portalomo ere barbor-todiat charte, deslored to KONTPADY the cost plots or period, and it b not know whoxch of the two monis deweloped for the portal of Solar be the older and mos compless of the cheme Court Plious that have eurvived the art of the awarening centerlea and aro preserved for les The thart while the presenety scompunked u Do love you achete box the two wire, to dett, gottle to devigiboo of them Medunnan the fourth or aith captory The periple called Swalatonut, or cromowrison 20 uda bereby has a low klet motapce of the Lund, ter bocbonyre for carro boals, I hop We wtod but by the thon below the promin inchords fond for ni Wade at Yonels Imp! fumor Orade by the thor's bat au Lloyd Browo w Story of llops Wu hith tr w CAN Kot be un Nav det CAN Amen Met ·1 Water toute la ciest today and the Pilot Charts 4 Hylopnake Oce, the local descadants of Mary curth me the chi Founded on the fourcbct of indir del HMC Krin u Leatment A tbe Und Han Dioration and Cod Puod nor hvort mala of the rould read the OH coo 144 THE SEA AROUND US puttomal charta bormd togetber to book forum Waphene The Warters Mirror of Wipbenner ant lihed to 1584 covered the navigation of the western coast Europe from the Zuyder Zee to Cadiz Soon I was taved oven language. For many year Wagropert' rudded English, Scandinarian, od tam pavigators through Atlantic mta, from the Canarla to Sptubers for log editions had extended the creu covered to loclode tbo lands and Faroo hlapca and even tho northern coug of F far u Novıyı Zemin la the dateenth and eventoonth centarles, under the sh of Norco competition for the realth of tho Ear lodich - charts were prepared Dot by povernmental agracia, fre. Too East India companlas employed thon hydromupben, prepared scret atmen, and food poarded tbetr knowledge of the aling panages to tho Eat one of the most precious secrets of their tnde. But la 1795 u Cart India Company's hydrographer Alexander Dairympl became odicial bydrographer to the Adminlty and under directlog tbo Brith Admiruty bepo HS wovoy of the the world from which the modem Adminity PDou worthy thereafter a young man folned the Vatted vy-Natthew Fontable Manny is only few year!! int Maury wu to make hits Indacaco (et og navigation DVTT the world, od way to witto a book, The Phyra G phy of the Son, which b now considered a foundation of th rclepce of oceanography After a number of yan at Maury usumed charre of the Depot of Chart und Instrumca be forerunner of the present Hydrographio Ocond be pana pndical study of windy Rod Current from the candpobor of the pariptor Through to edep uod mlilative a well de co-operative nateta u organized. Shpe acende los sent la the loss of beds vorare, from which Mamy Anembled and organized information, which bo bocorporated la aurigational charts. In seturs, the operation marloet catred coples of the charts. Sooo Maury's mailing direction Wenn ettertag world solice be bed shorttoed the passer for Adriau cut-coast ressels to Rbo de Janeiro by io don0 And by 20 days, nod tross the Hon to Californla by to on The co-operative achange of taforou bon spookord to ·to diclor long them 1 For At den yds of und Murter A 10 gouy dla dona la tootr com petrel tonadably due to land potatonte Bloning wala anty tortdraba of opeo mate Caty tutibowo okudd time thermo has Sonctima de Polohou boete op stort muld thout the origibility data of the ol current or they munduared ball ago by tbe la vend volta Omen they tutaotloo the parent tool without a formation of toor kod Dooled La porzio there me the feel om byterou Bener quosperita te boum. 11 urd the AN studio Komt motoru da donker purusd by a Oot nixquiry and Lornet of the hartu beint dapuxadto So bate and that some pic of the minutitats Blog thailand It took catunc pour THE ENCIRCLING SEA to blonda futbmllable to ride to gator of wote. Ya la de maths of the ma thert ba ploty madersky kod intibahy utta toistakable coocha Yory truc tuta back to the mallrog diroo bata or the point of the rocket Motterance Aimpoi bat present, that allo Grections of our 10 kata soolt coruba tmtructions for oublay post banco Sorin, md dood bo come the mouto with to the Norsteden 1 manninn spa, by the direct of writed the behavior of wulu ba maktor burd blog door. La the Nanny w we read a bolom Tor lo Lareo Is The prema o wa lowl ba tant rabot a balation of the approwct to load La tegobe of the rockeri uy benefal latior the thon Tollect the vowed the blanda teets with real popote. Then ad the diction of the flight on r bo making the Weed when you protectie te of the head, arool prout ralent And the door on the Sites Plot for Antarctica O Warloren hotel temaet the bed Ife, for decoction na crorum mance an biad bent poutcombe deputed akt out Olc

·1
the la.
THE SEA AROUND US
pbrooocally repld. But yet with all our m
for problog und nmpling the deep ocean, DO ODO DOW A
that we that are rosolro the fact, the domate my
Dula Por the alle about the coon crce of 1
Io a broader menky, tbet other concept of the ancient
pot crot it. The very woda that more over the land
been cruded on its brotd crpano od seek prer to retur
The continent bennelre than nod pers to the 2,
after mula of eroded laed. So the nature that rose from a reti
apab In Hoere la tua mydelou put It cocompanies a
dim origlas of life and recetres in the end, after it may be
Iranatation, tho dend bugs of that me life. For at al
return to the 40 Ocean2, the ocean river te the
fowing areum of bome the beginning and the end.

·The that O Lord) 1.11 Kat Rumerd op het moh Tywo Nr (muro dhe Mch w Op Onn. Lehe, Odd to him Hunho RTI Tone C.VT. L meru Mind the red brod minded Mr Yeretice Pen, Lil WT to no R, W, XT 4 tr Saint Denttien LH Lone of the normido doros Vi Cox ANOS baru dan mm ogrole of the Unico Suggestions for further Roading fard laternation About the Ocean and Iss Life VILT Whet no lo ha Home Un Nur Sythm oda T 601 WH DATOIM7177 Why we Hi Hew Coor, LT Grut ad The Su. Od to Ushery ca tis 1847 HI Mot me be find chybrat Douducher Phova sherehe Doorlotranny Mom In Hn I PUH contarCherru, the chapter The H Voor het Lom, L. ATW hr In YULD Apple Co 16 JIS, rowerly met hom rond USA And erat Tk TV, XYLD AppleCoins in 1 Hoteller i flere for As rate brelor of the Hy w Polsce Capitol Se Me Tortline per hoc 10 na of netish, Ya 4 I Www Seart LT Drade 1 AO Lauder Ka 10,1 med with an ob mitu tu..? er the Intro Timor porte med en A to what the in HI want ·THE SEA AROUND US strtos debated scoop of the counting id constal na Forkl, the boob tre rtpoultoria of toelaatboy Inford Iceberg add ma ko, norm, and for at kat Soge upprod chance of rectoral pornphies Tbor dealing Ith recool beaccenublo comit an mpecially lotervals. They may and from the tutos Locy The Brich Adnbally pull winllar worlar, us do te ppropriats exthorities of mon patioal Scato Rolation to Its Swrotnie Home, Richard Allet, Ckobolt, Karl Pfanterie Cory Nor York To Win 10 507 W1 to hear the writeroleh why thum Ahot moment there to watch Jh the hot cact nu. Hugo Rebert Care Ocornic Bod's sath America, Xon 1 PLOT, 1941. 1145 Twole (hinted by Amerlan No Matem w 1916) und for a went r_ l I Was becom It crite in the blends Are multe gran mediante om hulle prins uc Amin D Lite L, Valen, 1100 326 Der Ark henk lolos Wow Lith Year CMTLH thru Loudon Can, 1949 11t pr he dredy cheatheretter set of the Land chen And Lact En Calvu Ind. Der Pack Tidas Stanford. St wry rro, 1941 H3 DOA compete was Work Phil Eglonalon ad DLCOTI Bahcock, wo 1. Lou Idol the owl ILS wly aperture of the key the wordt quieu Lords het, watu Rd WR Dr N York, Marcmart in 184 14 DD Sunt cru umwu sr 1 x the rart from the then there n. Dorte, Linden, 1141 S it in carton Cular fut crot A Stow the truth Lotion H WSC 1173 14.40 Sú my wheel la #Cableware of the work on the Derrt Chen The Day of the WILWhp on de tot by Nors karte, Cutler 1 PJ SIT A ruler en HN the Baden Hurdal, The Ir-TW Color Rund Wera IC, 1960 JOU TWO I Ihnen in to the role Dorsten ·It mit 14 nunti L ds od preko , DJ Function erla Getto S Let to her wa Ka Yo D Y Mod C13T wyd be welckert Add Lood, Puch furt Crelio NrYork, No Me THAT. The hoothunab op my of war Tot my omtrrort To Torind then can Dood N A MY TO ATOL 11 C The Work Tort Dette Cru NordCrepety (Llyth HIL. T. REM fan Tutuwa MU Mi ne Ka V SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING Glut lurpe. Her Yet, Dodd, Nad en Co., 1940, nytt Donec no kady Web - tiod of Warm; Adapte der W. I Norbert au Cerdded AR Card, 190 1 A mn berat www. Kry of Earth and see Ach ca. 2, cimke Through the so. New Terk, Schrona de duwt he dichopo Com a la dra en and Ancheat. 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