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·GOVERNMENT OF MADRAS REFERENCE BOOK CONTAINING APPENDICES L AND M OF THE PRINTING MANUAL FOR THE GUIDANCE OF OFFICERS, DRAFTING CLERKS, TYPISTS, PROOF- READERS AND PRINTERS IN DEALING WITH OFFICIAL CORRESPONDENCE AND MANUSCRIPTS FOR THE PRESS FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY MADRAS GOVERNMENT PRESS 1917

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·CONTENTS. DO. 1 6 11 ... 20 ,11 ... Bua .. D ... 3 " 19 ... .. 13 00 LOV . .. .. 1. PAGE Froof correcting with specimen proof Spelling-General list of words spelt in two or more ways, homonyms improperly used, etc, Words ending in able' Words ending in 'ible' 18 Words ending in 'ise' or 'ize', Words ending in.or','our'orer' 20 -- Foreign #ords printed in ordinary type 23 Vernacular or Anglo-Indian words in common use 26 Names of persons-examples of official system of spelling for Hindus 39 Uriyas 47 Mussalmans 52 Marakkāyars 59 Names of important places in the Madras Presidency ... 61 outside the Presidency 72 Compound words 72 Titles and honorifics 74 Abbreviations in print, style for variable 75 admissible in manuscripts 82 Capitals, general style for the use of 84 Small capitals 88 Italic 89 Figures and numerals 91 Division of words 93 Transliteration systems 94 Comma, notés regarding the use of the 102 Semicolon 104 Colon 104 Period 105 Dash 106 Apostrophe 107 Parentheses IOS Brackets 109 Quotation marks 109 General notes 113 A or An, use of Acts, style for quoting Botanical dames and economic products rates, specification of anguages, order of arrangement Tences, marks used for 112 espressions employed in official correspondence TW.Reports, style adopted 313 91 vo. 46. 19 40 .. ... + > ... . 1) 10 1 51 .. III 11. 111 ... It2 1 1 2 .

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·NOTE THE following extracts referring to the Printing Manual approved by Government in GO No 207, Public, dated 26th February 1917, will indicate the object of this compilation – 41 Spelling and transliteration of Anglo-vernacular terms. names of places, persons, etc, in manuscripts sent to the press should be uniformly in accordance with the recognized system and the instructions in Appendix M, the use of symbols other than those which denote the long and short vowel being discontinued in ordinary publications When the work of several writers is to appear in one publication (such as enclosures to a report) all spellings should be edited and made uniform with the body of the publication before the manuscript is sent to the press This applies also to the use of capitals, italics, punctuation, unusual or technical abbreviations, side headings, notes, chapter and section headings, etc, and to the form of official address used in correspondence Unless special instructions are given on the signed memorandum which accompanies the work when it is first sent to the press, or the work is one of special series, subsequent alterations of' style' in the proof by the author will not be attended to by the press "All matter which has to be printed should be carefully and completely edited before it is sent to the press " As much of official correspondence may appear in print, it is desirable that the same care should be observed with ordinary letters as with reports, etc, written specially for tre press An author or editor is of course, entitled to insist on his personal idiosyncrasies when he pays for the printing, but in Government work uniformity and system are desirable if mistakes, delay and waste of money are to be avoided, though differences in opinion are not nearly so expensive or numerous as the changes caused by carelessness or lack of thought" If for special reasons any deviation from the standard style is required, no matter how mall, for a particular work the press should be instructed to 'follow copy,' and the department concerned, and not the press, will then be responsible for the accuracy and uniformity of the printed matter This publication follows the arrangement of the widely used English and American lists adapted to the conditions of Southern India The spellings of place and personal names as well as the » 66 ·(iv) system of transliteration incorporated herein, have long been sanctioned by Government, after much consideration by experts, thcugh neglected by typists, etc., for whcm they were prescribed. For the English words and ccmpounds which admit of alternative spelling or which are frequently misspelt or misused, the style of the Oxford New English Dictionary has been followed generally with few exceptions. In the case of Anglo-vernacular terms an attempt has been made to codify the most popular spellings of the present day, marked letters being restricted as far as possible, for the convenience of the typist and printer. The notes on the use of italic, capitals, punctuation marks, etc., are not exhaustive but merely embody some of the rules of the Oxford Dictionary and the typographical practices of the majority of the leading English presses on those details about which there has been much inconsistency in local usage in the past. Copies of this compilation modified for the use of local boards, municipalities and others who correspond with Government or who do much writing or printing in which uniformity is desirable can be purchased at As. 2-6 per copy.

·APPENDIX L. PROOF CORRECTING. 1. The signs and abbreviations commonly used to indicate the corrections to be made in a proof are given on the next page. They should be adopted for all works sent to the Government Presses, as time will be saved and greater accuracy will be ensured. 2. Every correction should be marked neatly in ink in the margin of the proof exactly opposite the line in which the correction is to be made. All corrections to be made in the left half of the page should bc written in the left-hand margin of the proof with the first correction written nearest the edge of the paper, the second alteration in the same line being by its side to the right nearer the type, the third on the inner side of the second and so on till the middle of the line is reached, when the corrections in the right half are written in the right margin but in inverse order, the first alteration in the same line being made close to the print, the second on the outer side of the first in a line with it, the third still nearer the edge of the paper and so on with the remainder, as shown in the ninth line of the specimen proof on the next page. In each case a ^ or other mark is made in the line to indicate the place where the correction marked in the margin is to be made. It is important that this order is followed and that a long / stroke is placed after every correction written in the margin, except those which are indicated by special signs. While every endeavour is made to ensure accuracy, the press takes no responsibility for corrections not written in ink in the margin. 3. Corrections to be made in two or more pages or in several places in the same page must be repeated in full in every case. Corrections referred to in a separate note or letter cannot be attended to as there is no staff available to transfer them to the prwfs. The paris taken as the sale guide is the press. 4. When it is necessary to transfer matter from one page to another the change should be marked in both pages. The proofs should not be cut up in such cases nor when any matter is deleted. 5. Nothing should be written against the printed matter on a proof except to show individual corrections. Any special instructions or remarks should be encircled and, if possible, written with ink of a different colour, otherwise the compositors may incorporate such remarks in the text. Instructions as to the number of copies required, etc., should, except for confidential work, be given only on the signed memorandum sent with the proof. 6. It is particularly requested that queries made by the press on a proof may be settled before the proof is returned, as the press will assume that the matter is correct if no reply is given. The press is not responsible for questioning the accuracy of a statement, etc. Deviations from copy will be made by the press only where there are palpable errors in dates, spelling, or of style, and when it is evident that there has been no attempt at systematic punctuation, spelling, etc., as prescribed in this publication.

·Proof correcting 2 CORRECTED PROOF, Good proofs. do LThere is a practice in many offices of senſing out uncfrrected proofs. Those which do this plead that it saves time and given a customer an idea of the appearance of his matter., Still other offices send out proofs, whether corrected or uncorrected, which are on common paper, land fithout'. [regard [to Lmargin. {he refipientiasharfimed to show it, afilm makos tgle. marks he finds necessary with haslę, hoping that he will regeive no others looking like it. ' Both practices} are wrong. If time could be afforded, theprinler before it became necessary to put it in the hands of the messenger. Proofs (not are intended for tyros to practise upon, and experience shows that ninctynine per cent, of business men cannot tell whether the work has been done properly or not; if a sheet or galley be given them, they correct a portion of the {printers errors, the remainder being invisible to their eyes. Wut they do see many faults in workmanship, although they are unable to indicate why they seem wrong i it weakens their belief in the ability of the printer, for they are unable to discriminate between the errors that he is certain to see and those wlich he will probably overlook., The latter will for a very small fraction of the whole, but the outsider cannot judge of this.) ml He sees a wrong figure in his address, a ; turned letter elsewhere, a couple of leds between some lines when, one in other places, or he may notice a wrong name. These errors diminish his confidence. If a prdi has been taken upon good paper, the author can at least imagine how his work will appear, so far as the type is concerned. There is a certain pleasure in seeing ones productions in print, as may be witnessed everywhere. Distinguished literary men are not exempt from this weakness, as Dickens and Jerrold both showed. How great, then, to such men must appear the deformities of a proof which, while pretentining to set forth their very words, gives them something entirely different, or at least disfigures the page with bad and turned letters, wrong founts, and * Fisher's Letterpress Printing, page 3330 Brn3? with care, ·MATTER AS CORRECTED * GOOD PROOFS 16 31 THERE is a practice in many offices of sending out uncorrected proofs Those who do this plead that it saves time and gives a customer an idea of the appearance of his matter Still other offices send out proofs, whether corrected or uncorrected, which are on common paper, and without regard to margin The recipient is ashamed to show it, and makes the marhs he finds necessary with haste, hoping that he will receive no others looking like it Both practices are wrong If time could be afforded, the printer should never send a proof unless every effort had been exhausted upon it before it became necessary to put it in the hands of the messenger Proofs are not intended for tyros to practise upon, and experience shows that ninety-nine per cent of business men cannot tell whether the work has been done properly or not, if a sheet or galley be given them they correct a portion of the printer's errors, the remainder being invisible to their eyes But they do see many faults in workmanship, although they are unable to indicate why they seem wrong-it weakens their belief in the ability of the printer, for they are unable to discriminate between the errors that he is certain to see and those which he will probably overlook The latter will form a very small fraction of the whole, but the outsider cannot judge of this He sees a wrong figure in his address, a turaed letter elsewhere, a couple of leads between some lines when there is only one in other places, or he may notice a wrong name These errors diminish his confidence If a proof has been taken upon good paper, with care, the author can at least imagine how his work will appear, so far as the type is concerned a certain pleasure in seeing one's productions in print, may be witnessed everywhere Distinguished literary men are not exempt from this weakness, as Dickens and Jerrold both showed How great, then, to such men must appear the deformities of a proof which, while pretending to set forth their very words, gives them something entirely different, or at least There is as Fishers Letterpress Por long, page 333 ·Proof correcting 4 EXPLANATORY REMARKS. The numbers are of course merely for reference to these remarks and are not marked on the proof. 1. 2. Reference No. on speci. Instructions conveyed to compositor. men proof. Turn the letter round, it is upside down. Delete or take out the letter or word through which the stroke is made. 3. Substitute the letter or word written in the margin of the proof. The diagonal stroke, termed the separatrix, is placed after most corrections to keep them apart. 4. Insert the letter, word, etc., written in the margin in the place indicated by the caret. 5. Insert a space. This mark indicates the normal or thick space; a single t mark may be made when a thin space is required ; at mark for a middle space, and for an en space. The mark for the thin and middle space, respectively, are distinguished from the single dagger † and double dagger I by the reference marks being followed by the diagonal stroke. 6. Insert space equal in ems to the number of spaces written in the margin; thus, one em, 1 two ems, three ems, etc. An em is a space equal to the depth of the type. 7. A portion of the manuscript too long to be written on the proof has been omitted; refer to the manuscript. 8. Close up the letters; no space is required. 9. Transpose the marked portions. When more than three words are to be transposed their correct position may be indicated by figures. 10. Begin a new paragraph. II. Join up the matter; a new paragraph is not required. Let it stand. The dots are marked only under words or letters which have been struck out in error but which are to remain as they are without alteration. 13. Insert a full stop. 14. Insert an apostrophe. The curve is attached to the separatrix or | stroke to distinguish this punctuation point from the comma. All superior characters, such as * 12 a b", printed near the top of the line are marked in a similar manner and, conversely, those below the line as in chemical equations have a curve above them. 15. Insert quotation marks, 16. Insert a hyphen. 17. Insert a one-em dash or line. The horizontal stroke should be longer and the vertical stroke shorter for an em dash than for an en or half em dash; thus, H. For longer dashes the line written should be marked off by 'short lines; thus, 72 ems, H3 ems, HH4 ems. I 2.

·5 Proof correcting 20 21 22 Reference No on specie Instructions conveyed to compositor men proof 18 Insert a comma All other punctuation marks, except the full stop and 'superiors,' should have the separatrix attached like letters 19 Push down the space which is level with the type face, making an unnecessary black mark Should these be numerous the part of the page in which they appear may be encircled Equalize the spacing Take some space from the place marked L and add it to the places marked / Change the imperfect type Substitute a 'ligature (joined letters) for the single letters The single sign is made under the letters which are written in such cases, as distinguished from the close up'sign (No 8) which occurs in the margin by itself This is a technical detail to be attended to by the press 23 Bring the words out to the end of the line, no indention is required When words are to be indented the mark C is used to indicate that the line is to be set back to the place indicated by the perpendicular portion of the sign or No 6 sign may be inserted, or the word "Indent' may be written in the margin 24 Place the words in the middle of the line 25 The spacing (or word division) is incorrect Take over the letters marked to the preceding (or following) lines to make the lines end where the marks are made 26 The lines are bent or letters have slipped , put them straight 27 Insert space between the lines The number or kind of leads should be specified by the professional reader only deeper than 7 thick leads the depth is expressed in ems of one sixth inch 28 The line is loose and the type is off its feet 29 Take the lines cut off by the mark 'over' to the following or back to the preceding page as the case may be This is a technical detail always left to the press 30 Insert a line Alter the words underlined into italic, one straight line small capitais, two lines 33 capitals, three lines clarendon, antique or any other special type, a single waved line, thus cow www with the name of the type written in the margin 34 Change the words underlined to roman or ordinary type 35. Alter to lower case or small letters 36 A wrong fount, substitute a letter of the correct face 37 Reset in the type named Abbreviations are used thus Br for Brevier, P for Pıca, 10 pt for 10 point, etc For spaces 31 32 09 11 3 3 11 $ ·General spelling 6 APPENDIX M. STYLE FOR SPELLING, TRANSLITERATION, PUNCTUATION, ETC. NOTE.--The style laid down in this appendix applies to all work sent to the press for printing, unless, for special reasons, the press is requested to follow.copy,' in which case the department concerned will be responsible for accuracy anı uniformity. SPELLING. In the absence of special instructions the spelling in these lists is to be adopted by typists, clerks, copyists, compositors and proofreaders, except in reprints, legal work, communications of other Governments and of the Secretary of State, even if the style of the whole work is not uniform. Enclosures, etc., from officials of the Madras Government improperly prepared are to be edited in accordance with the style prescribed here before they are sent to the press. Alternative or difficult spellings. The following list includes the spelling to be followed for words which admit of two or more ways or which are frequently mis-spelt, and of homonyms often improperly used, excluding the terminations 'able,' 'ible,' 'ise,' 'ize,' 'or,' or 'our,' and foreign and vernacular words and phrases which will be found in separate lists in this manual to which reference should also be made :- abate, abating $ abstinence acquit, -tal, -tance, a battoir abut, -ted, -ting -ted, -ting 1 abhorrence, -red, | abysmal adaptable above-board [rent* | abyss · addorsed above-cited accede, -r adherence, -ent abovesaid accessary adhesion abridgment (not ge) accessory adieu (pl. -x) 1 abscissa (pl. -æ) accommodate adjudgment abscission accompanist Adjutant-Generals | absence achieve 11 i admission absorbent * acknowledgment abstersion acquirement advancement ado * Nearly all others of the same kind not included here end in 'ant,'. 'ance,' or 'ancy.' † Most words of this class not in this list take'tion.' | This list contains examples of, and deviations from, the rule that words of one syllable (and words of more syllables when the accent is on the last syllabie) ending with a consonant preceded by one vowel usually double that consonant on adding 'ed' or Sing. $ This follows the rule that words ending with single'e'omit it when 'ing' is added. The principal exceptions are noted in this list. || With a few exceptions, civil titles have 's' added to the first part for the plural, and military titles generally have the 's' at the end of the second part. Similar cases of nouns of foreign origin in frequent use which still-follow the inflexion of those languages and not the rule for English words are included here. ** The principal exceptions 10 the rule that the plural of nouns ending in 'o' with a consonant preceding the o’is formed by adding 'es' are included in this list. Others and those with a vowel before the 'o' take's.' If This list contains all the more common compounds with 'man' the plurals of which are formed by adding 's' and not by the termination 'men.' 11 The position of i' in this class of words may be known by remembering that when the derivative noun ends in 'tion' the verb is spelt with ei,' otherwise it is 'ie.' $8 k' is usually added to 'c' before terminations beginning with 'e,' 'i' or 'yi ·7 General spelling aye (yes) advertency, -ent ancient aught (ought, cipher) advertisement ancillary augur (auger, tool) Advocates-General | aneurism auntie ægis aniline auto-infection golian animalculum (pl. -a) auto-inoculation æon ankle (not-cle) auto-intoxication aerated annulment (one 1) automaton (pl. -a) aerial anomalous automobile aerie ante-act avid (greedy) aeronaut antecedence, -ency aveing aeroplane antechamber awesome Æsop anterior awful æsthetic ante-room awhile, adv. ætiology antithesis (pl. -es) ax affluence, -ent anyhody (two words, axis (pl. -es) afield any number) ay (always) afterwards anyhow aftward anyone (two words, ageing of a number) bade (oast of bid) aggrandizement anything bail (bale, bundle) aggrieve 11 anywhere balk (not au) aglow apophthegm ball (bawl, shout) agree, -ing apostasy ballot, -ed, -ing agriculturist appal, -led, -ling bandoleer aigrette appanage banjo (pl. -s) ail (ale, beer) apparatus (pl. also) banneret (law), -te a-kimbo apparel, -led, -ling banns albino (pl. -s) ** apparent banquet, -ed, -ing albumen (of egg) appendix (pl. -ices) banyan albumin appraise (but apprise, Barbados alchemy to inform) bare (bear, animal) alienation aqueduct bark (ship) align, -ment arc (but ark, ship) barouche alkali arcanum (pl. a) Warque (Wark, of rice) allege archæology barrage allegory archidiaconal barrel, -led, -ling all fours ardent barren (Baron, title) allot, -ted, -ting Argentinian basin all right armadillos ** basis (pl.-es) almanac armful baton alter (altar, table) arrack battalion altogether (but all arrow-root battledore together in a body) arrow-toothed bay (Bey, Governor) alumnus (pl. alumni) artisan bayonet, -ed, -ing amanuensis (pl. -es) artist (-e, performer) bazaar ambidexterity asafetida beach (beech, trec) Ameer asbestos beat (beet, plant) ammeter ascendancy bedroom amortize ashlar beer (bier for dead) ampere ashore befall amuck aspirate (-erate, beg, -ged, -ging! amyl (alcohol) assassin (roughen) behoof anæmia athenäum behove anästhetic atlas beldam analys/c-is (pl. -es) attar (not otto) belief 11 incestress (not -trix) Attornej s-General || believe * ·General spelling 8 bell (belle, lady) broach carol, -Cr, -ing belligerent brooch (ornament) carpet, -cd, -ing beneficence browse carrot (root) benefit, -ed, -ing bryony cartography benevolence Buddha casein benumb buddhi (intelligence) cashmere (fabric) benzene Buddhism catamaran benzol Buddhist catarrhinc benzoline budget, -cd, -ing catalytic bereavement buffalo (pl.-es) cat's paw (nautical) besiege buffet, -ed, -ing cauldron bethrall bulrush caulk bevel, -led, ling burden (not th) caviarc biannual (half-year) bureau (pl. --X) cavil, -led, -ling biased burglar cayman (pl. -s) biennial (two-yearly) burnt (burntlime, etc.) cede (but secd, grain) bigot, -ed, -ing i but (butt with head) ceiling bijou (pl. -X) by and by celluloid bilious by-election celtic billet, -ed, -ing bygone centipede bindery (place) by-lane centre, -ed, -ing (cenbirth (berth, sleeping by-law tering, framing) bistre (pigment) byname cerulean bivouac, -ked, -kingsS bypath champagne (wine) bi-weekly by-play champaign blanket, -ed, -ing by-product channel, wed, -ling blissful by-road chant blizzard by the by char, -red, -ring blond (f. -e) by-way chassis blouse byword cheetah blueing cactus (pl. -i) cheque (on bank) bluey caddis (larva) chequered career bluish calcareous (not -ious) chestnut boar, bore, boor calendar (-er, to chic (style) bodice smooth) chick (blind) bogie (truck) caliph Chile (but, Chilean) bogy (goblin) calligraphy chillness bonanza calliper chilly (chilli, plant) bonnet, -ed, -ing caltrop chirrup, -ed, -ing bookbinding calyx (pl.-ices) chock-full book-learned cancel, -lcd, -ling chrysal/is (pl. -ides) booze (boose, stall) cannon, -ade chutney boulder canon (law or rule) cider Brahma (deity) cañon (Spanish) cinchona brahma (fowl) canst cipher braise (cook), braze can't circumference (to solder) circumflexion brake (break, decanto (pl. -s) ** canvas (n.) claimant brand-new clamant Brazilian breach capital (chief, money) clarinet, -tist clench (but clinch breech, of gun capitol (edifice) carafe clerestory [argument) bric-à-brac clinic bridal (-dle, harness) carburetted carat (-et, mark) clinometer brier-root carcass (not-se) clique Britannia cargo (pl. -es) cliquism (stroy) canvass (v.)

·9 General spelling cloak (not cloke) connexion crucifixion cloth (pl. -s) conning cruse (jar) clothe (v.) connivence crystallized clothes (n.) consensus Cuban clue (clew, of sail) consequence, -ent cumul/us (pl. -i) coagul/um (pl. -a) consistence, -ent, -cy cuneiform coalesce constituent currency cocaine constrained current (-ant, fruit) coconut consular curricul/um (pl. -a) cod/ex (pl. -ices) contemporary curtsy coefficient conterminous cyclopædia coercion continence, -ent cyst coeval contract, -ed, -ion dacoit coexist control, -led, -ling dam (bank) coextensive Controller (Comptrol- damn (condemn) cognizance ler, India Treasury) dais coheir (f. -ess) convenience datum (-pl. a) coherence, -ent conversion daybreak cohesion cony day (Dey, governor) coincidence, -ent coolie, -s dead lock colander co-operate, -tive dear (deer, animal) colic, -ky co-ordinate debarkation collapsible copier debonair coloration (see -or') coquet (-tte, n., f. -te)) deceit 11 colour coquet, -ting, -tish deceive colourist co-respondent (joint) decern (discern, see) coma (pl. -æ) cornfield declaration combat, -ed, -ing corollary declension come-at-able corpulence, -ent decolour (decolorize) commit, -ted, -ting corralling decrepit commonplace correlate, -ive decursion commonsense (as adj. correspond, -ence defence only use hyphen) correspondent(writer) defer, -red, -rer, -ring compel, -led, -ling corrupt, -ed, -ion deflexion competence, -ent corrupter delinquent, -ency complacent (com- corslet demarcation plaisant, obliging) corvette demesne complement (full- COSY demurred completion (ness) cotillion dengue complexion cottar(-er, pin) dependent, -ence compliment (praise) council (body), -lor dependence compulsion counsel, -led, -ling deponent concede counter-attack depositary, person conceive courtesan (depository, place) concur, -red, -ring court martial depulsion condescension courts martial deshabille condolence cousin-german desiccate, -d confer, -red, -ring cousins-german desideratum (pl. -a) conference cranium (pl. -a) desistance confession creak (creek, n.) despise (not di-) confidant (f-e) cricket, -ing despondency, -ent confident (positive) criteri/on (pl. -a) desuetude confidence critic (person), -ize detector confirm critique deterrent confluence, -ent crotchet, -ed, -ing, -y develop, -ment conform crosier devilling 2 ·General spelling 10 dhow dryly encumber diaconate dry-rot endorse, -e, -r, diæresis duel, -ling endow, -ed dialyse dullness enfeeblement diameter duly enfranchisement diarrhea dụodecimo (pl. -s) engagement didos duress engraft differ, -ence dyeing (colouring) engrain diffidence, -ent dying (expiring) engross, -ed diffluent dynamo (pl. -s) enlargement diglot echelon enrol, -led, -ler dike echoes enrolment dilettante (pl. -i) ecstasy ensconce diligence ecstatic ensheath dimension eerie ensuing dinghy efficiency, -ent ensure (make saf disbursement effluxion insure (financial) discolour, -ed, -ment effluvium (pl. -a) assure (life) discoloration egoistical enthral, -led, -ling discomfit,-cd, -ing electro-galvanize enthrone, -d discomforted elicit (ill-, unlawful) entrap, -ped (not indisconnexion ellipsis (pl. -es) entrench, -ment, -ed discreet, prudent(dis- embargo (pl. -es) entrust crete, separate) embark envelop, v. (-e, noun) discussion embarkation enveloped dishevelled embarras, n. (-s, verb), envelopment disk embassage epaulet, -ted dispatch embed, -ded, -ding equal, -led, -ling dispensary embezzlement equalization dissension embitter equipage distension embolden equipped distil emboss equivalent distrait (f. -e) embouchement equivoque disyllable embowelled erratum (pl. -a) divers (-e, different) embower, -ed escheat divest embrasure Eskimo (pl. -s) divulsion embroil estoppel docket, -ed, -ing embryo (pl. -s) estrangement doggerel emeritus (pl. -i) eucalyptus (pl. -i) doleful emersion eulogium dolman (pl. -s) domino (pl. -s), mask emigrant, out (immi- euphemism dominoes (game) into place) euphuism dose (doze, sleep) emigration (immi- evasion dote, dotage moving in) evermore drachm eminence, -ent, -ency everyday draft (rough sketch) empanel, -led, -ling every one draftsman (of docuemphasis (pl. -es) everything ments) empirical (experi- everyway dragoman (pl. -s) ment) everywhere draught (air, drink) empori/um (pl. -a) evulsion draught-board enamel, -led, -ler, -ling exaggeration encase exceed draughtsman (of drier, -est enclasp excellence (pl. -s) drop, -ped, -ping Excellen/cy (pl. -cies) Arought (scarcity) enclose, enclosure excerpt encrust [plans) enclave ·ii General spelling Ex coupon fætus ghoul excursion foggy, misty gibbet, -ed, -ing existence, -ent fogy, -ies gibe expanse (space) forbade gild(guild, a society) expediency, -ent forbear gilt (guilt, culpabiexpense foregone ginlet [lity) expulsion forehead gipsy externally forejudge (for- law) glazier (-zer, polisher) exude, exudation foretell gloss (but gloze over) eye, -ing for ever glue, -y; gluing eyewitness forgo gneiss facet, -ed, -ing forte (fort, building) goal facula (pl. -æ) forth (fourth, ordinal) ) godmother fæcal formula (pl. -æ) God-fearing faggot foundry godlike faint (fe- pretence) fourfold good-bye fair (fare, food) fraudulent, -ence good day fairway freeze (frieze, cloth) good humour faithful, -ly frenzy good-humoured fantasy fresco (pl. -es) gossip, -ed, -er, -ing farinaceous frolic, -ked, -king gouge farrago frowsy gourmand farther (distance) fuchsia grandam feculence, -ent fuelled granddaughter feldspar fulcrum (pl. -a) grandmother fellah (pl. -een) fulfil, -led, -ling grand-nephew fencing fullness greasy ferret, -ed, -ing fungus (pl. -i) great (grate, sound) ferrule further(addition to) grey, greyish fetid fuse, -e, fusil grievous fetor fusilier grisly (grizzly bear) fez (pl. -es) fusillade grovel, -led, -ling, -ler fiasco (pl. -s) gaby gruesome fibrilla (pl. -æ) gage (gauge, measure) guarantee fibrin gaiety guerrilla warfare fidget, -ed, -ing, -ily gaily guerdon filigree gallipot (jar) gun-shy fillet, -ed, -ing galipot (resin) guttural fillip, -ed, -ing gallon gymkhana finicking gallop, -ed, -ing gymnasium (pl. -a) first-hand (galop, dance) hadst fistula gambol, -led, -ling hæmatite fizz garish hæmorrhage fledgeling garlic, -ky hæmorrhoid flee (ilea, insect) gasolene haggard flexion gaucho (pl. -s) hair (hare, animal) floatage gauntlet (glove) half-caste floculence, -ent gelatin half-dozen (half flotation genealogical dozen) flotsam genius! (pl. -es, also half-hour flourished genii) half-inch (half an fluky genus (pl. -genera) half-way (inch) flunkey genre (art) hallo! fluorspar genuflexion halo (pl -es) flyer German (pl. -s) it handful focus, -ed, ing, -es get-at-able handicap, -per, -ping a ·spelling IO dhow dryly encumber diaconate dry-rot endorse, -e diæresis duel, -ling endow, -ed dialyse dullness enfeebleme. diameter duly enfranchise diarrhoea dụodecimo (pl. -s) engagement didos duress engraft differ, -ence dyeing (colouring) engrain - diffidence, -ent dying (expiring) engross, -ed diffluent dynamo (pl. -s) enlargement diglot echelon enrol, -led, -ler dike echoes enrolment dilettante (pl. -i) ecstasy ensconce diligence ecstatic ensheath dimension eerie ensuing dinghy efficiency, -ent ensure (make s disbursement effluxion insure (financia discolour, -ed, -ment effluvium (pl. -a) assure (life) discoloration egoistical enthral, -led, -ling discomfit, -cd, -ing electro-galvanize enthrone,-d discomforted elicit (ill-, unlawful) entrap, -ped (not in disconnexion ellipsis (pl. -es) entrench, -ment, -ed discreet, prudent (dis- embargo (pl. -es) entrust crete, separate) embark envelop, v. (-e, noun) discussion embarkation enveloped dishevelled embarras, n. (-s, verb) envelopment disk embassage epaulet, -ted dispatch embed, -ded, -ding equal, -led, -ling dispensary embezzlement equalization dissension embitter equipage distension embolden equipped distil i emboss equivalent distrait (f. -e) embouchement equivoque disyllable embowelled erratum (pl. -a) divers (-e, different) embower, -ed escheat divest embrasure Eskimo (pl. -s) divulsion embroil estoppel docket, -ed, -ing embryo (pl. -s) estrangement doggerel emeritus (pl. -i) eucalyptus (pl. -i) dolcful dolman (pl. -s) emersion eulogium domino (pl. -s), mask emigrant, out (immi- euphemism into place) euphuism dominocs (game) lose (doze, sleep) cmigration (immi-evasion ole, dotage moving in) evermore tachm cminence, -ent, -ency everyday aft (rough sketch) cmpanel, -led, -ling cvery one aftsman (of clocuiemphasis (pl. -es) everything empirical 10nts) (experi- everyway ment) cverywhere omn (pl. -s) icht (air, sirink) emporilum (pl. -a) cvulsion ght-bord Enamel, -lcd-ler, -ling exaggeration ihtsman encase cnclasp excellencc (pl. -s) t'st (plans) cnclarc -ped, -ping Excellency (ni enclose, enclosure excernt si (scarcity) cncrust ? (or excecd } ·ti General spelling Ex coupon excursion existence, -ent expanse (space) expediency, -ent expense expulsion externally exude, exudatior eye, -ing eyewitness facet, -ed, -ing facula (pl.-) fæcal faggot faint (fe- pretence) fair (fare, food) fairway faithful, "ly fantasy farinaceous farrago farther (distance) feculence, -ent feldspar fellah (pl. -een) fencing ferret, -ed, -ing ferrule fetid fetor feu (pl. -es) fiasco (pl. -s) fibrilla (pl.-) fibrin fidget, -ed, -ing, -ily filigree fillet, -ed, -ing fillip, -ed, -ing finicking first-hand fistula fizz fledgeling flee (flea, insect) flexion floatage floculence, -ent flotation flotsam flourished fluky fiunkey fluorspar flyer focus, -ed, ing, -es fotus ghoul foggy, misty gibbet, -ed, -ing fogy, -ies gibe forbade gild(guild, a society) forbear gilt (guilt, culpabiforegone gimlet (lity) forehead gipsy forejudge (for- law) glazier (-zer, polisher) foretell gloss (but gloze over) for ever glue, -y; gluing forgo gneiss forte (fort, building) goal forth (fourth, ordinal) | godmother formula (pl. -2) God-fearing foundry godlike fourfold good-bye fraudulent, -ence good day freeze (fricze, cloth) good humour frenzy good-humoured fresco (pl.-es) gossip, -ed, -er, -ing frolic, -ked, -king gouge frowsy gourmand fuchsia grandam fuelled granddaughter fulcrum (pl. -a) grandmother fulfil, -led, -ling grand-nephew fullness greasy fungus (pl. -i) great (grate, sound) further (addition to) grey, greyish fuse, -e, fusil grievous fusilier grisly (grizzly bear) fusillade grovel, -led, -ling, -ler gruesome gage (gauge, measure) guarantee gaiety guerrilla warfare gaily guerdon gallipot (jar) gun-shy galipot (resin) guttural gallon gymkhana gallop, -ed, -ing gymnasium (pl. -a) (galop, dance) hadst gambol, -led, -ling hæmatite garish hæmorrhage garlic, -ky hæmorrhoid gasolene haggard gaucho (pl. -s) hair (hare, animal) gauntlet (glove) half-caste gelatin half-dozen (half a genealogical dozen) genius/ (pl. -es, also half-hour genii) half-inch (half an genus (pl. -genera) half-way (inch) genre (art) hallo! genuflexion halo (pk -es) German (pl.-5) tt handful get-at-able handicap, -per, -ping gaby

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·13 General spelling (mi-, millennium [boon) mnemonics kleptomania lodestar meter, measure knick-knack lodginent metre, verse knobby loping (-ping, cutting) miasma (p). -ata) kopje lory (lorry, wagon) microcosm (ma-, Koran lounge, lounging midday [great) kotow lucre mid-ocean label, -led, -ling lumbar, adj. inightst lac, resin lumbcr, n. mileage lachrymal macintosh millenary lachrymose macroscopic lack, without small) millepede lackey madregal (fish) milligram lacquer madrigal (song) millimetre ladylike maelstrom millionaire lain (lane, road) magniloquence, -ent mimic, -ked, -king lakh, money mahout minutiae (sing. -a) lambent malapropos miscall lambskin malevolence, -ent missfire lamb's-wool mamma misspell, -ing lamella (pl. -a) management misspent lamina (pl. -æ) mandatary, person misstate, misspeak lantern mandatory mistake lap, -ped, -ping mandolin mizen, -mast lapel, -led mandrei (-rill, ba- mizzle largess mango larva (pl. -ze) mangosteen mob, -bed, -bing larynx (pl.-nges) manifesto (pl. -es) moccasin lascar manikin model, -led, -ling lasso, -ed (pl. -s) manoeuvre, -d modicum latency, -ent manumit, -ted, -ting modified lath (lathe, machine) market, -ed, -ing modifying latrine marque (letters of) mollient latter (later, behind) mollusc marquess laurel, -led martin (-en, animal) momentum (pl. -a) legerdemain marvel, -led, -ling moneyed leniency, -ent masterpiece moneys lens (pl. -es) mattress mosquito (pl. -es) lesson (-en, to reduce) maul Moslem lettuce mausoleum (pl. -a) Montenegrin level, -led, -ler, -Jing maybe mottoes lexicon mayst mould libretto (pl. -i) maze (maize, Corn) moustache licence, n.(license, v.) (meagre mucous, adj. lich-gate meantime mucus, n. life-like meanwhile mungoose lifetime mediaeval muscle (-sel, bivalve; lilies mediocre Mussalman (pl. -s) tt limb (limn, draw) meet (meat, flesh) liquefy memoriter nap, -ped, -ping liquorice mendacity (untruth) naphtha litigious mendicity (begging) naught (nothing) litre merino (pl. -s) nautilus (pl. -i) loadstone mestizo (pl. -s) nebula (pl. -) loan (lone, solitary) metal, -led, -ling negotiate, -tion loath, averse metamorphosis (pl. neighbourhood loathe, hate mete, to measure [ -es) net (no deduction) ·General spelling 14 net, -ted, -ting orgy, orgies penitence, -ent never-ending orient peon nevermore osculatory peony new-comer osier percentage newfangled Ottoman (pl. -s)ff perforce newsvendor ought (cipher) permanence, -ent, -cy Nicaraguan out-and-out permit, -ted, -ting niche outdoor (out house) persistence nickel, ed, -ing out-of-date pertinence, -ent ninth out-of-door pestilence, -ent nip, -ped, -per, -ping outrageous petrify noisome outstrip, -ped, -ping petrol (-el, bird) nonesuch overalls piano (pl.-s) nonpareil overcharge, -d phalanx (pl. -es) nonplus, -sed, -sing over-glad phallus (pl. -i) nonsuit (one word) overleaf phenomenon (pl. -a) noonday oversea phenyl no one oxide, oxidize physic, -ked, -king $S nostrum (pl.-s) physique (of person) nosy packet, -ed, -ing picket, -ed, -ing noticing pad, -ding picnic, -ked, -king novitiate pain (pane, glass) pigmy nowadays palæography pilot, -ed, -ing nowhere palanquin pince-nez nucleus (pl. -i) pale, palish pincers nurse, nursing pallet (palette, board) piquant (f. -e) nursling Pan-American, etc. pittance pander plaguy oasis (pl. oases) panel, -led, -ling plain (plane, smooth) obedience, -ent pannel (of saddle) plane sailing (nautiobsession pannikin plaster (cal) occasion paraffin plateau (pl. -x) occur, -red, -rence, parakeet plum (-b, vertical) ochre [-ring parallel, -ed, -ing poculent octavo (pl. -s) paralyse, -d pomade octopus (pl. -es) parcel, -led, -ling pommel, -led, -ling csophagus parenthesis (pl. -es) poniard offence pariah pony offer, -ed, -ing, -tory parol(law; -e, word of portray off-hand parsnip (honour) postilion offsaddle partisan Postmasters-General offshoot pasha posy oft-times pastille (pastel, art) potato (pl. -es) omit, -ted, -ting patent potent, -cy omniscience, -ent pater/familias (pl. practice (-se, verb) one-and-twenty patience -ent (patres) precede (but proceed) one-eighth, etc. patrol, -led, -ling precedence, -ent one-half (a half) pavilion prefer, -red, -ence oneself peas prefix, -ed onrush peccadillo (pl. -es) prehistoric onset, -ter, -ting pedagogy premises (property) opulence, -ency, -ent pedal, -led, -ling prescience, -ent orangeade pedlar presence, ent Ordinance (Act) pellet, -ed, -ing president, -cy ordinal, -ance, -ary pendant, n. (pendent, pretence ordnance suspended) prevail, -ed, -ing ·15 General spelling preventive reappear revise, •d, revising primeval rearrange revision principal (chief), -ally rearward revulsion principle rebel, jed, -ling rhyme procession (pre-, equi- rebut, -ted, -ting ribbon (not riband) noxes) recall rickety proficiency, -ent recede rid, -ded, "ding programme receive ride, riding prominence sent recension rifling promissory recipe riot (ryot, peasant) prophecy, n. (sy, v.) recommit, ted, -ting rival, "led, -ling proprietary recompense rivel, -led, -ling propulsion recompose rivet, -ed, -er, -ing proviso (pl. -s) reconnoitre Roman (pl. -s) prudence, -ent re-cover (see Com- rosin pseudonym pounds ) rout, v. (route, n., way) publish, -ed, -er, -ing recur, -red, -ring russet, -ed, -ing, y pundit, (f. -a) recurrence, -ent sack, -ful (saque, coat) purulence, -ent recursion saltpetre putrefy redoubt salt-cellar pygmy reducible salt-spoon pyjamas re-enforce (to put in salutary force) quarantine salvo (pl. -s) quarrel, -led, -ling, -lerrefer, -red, -rer, -ring sanatorium (pl. -a) reinforce (strengthen) sampled, -ing quartet referee quarto (pl. -s) sanatory (healing) reference quartodeciman (pl.-s) sandal, -led refill queue sang-froid quiet, -ed, -ing reflection sanitary (healthful) quinine refluence, -ent sapodilla quinsy regret, -ted, -ting, -ful sap-rot quintessence reimburse satchel reinstall quintet scallop, -ed, -ing reinstate quit, -ted, -ter scandalize relation (connexion) scansion rabbet, -ed,-ing (joint) relative (relation to) scathe, scathless rabbit, -ing (rodent) relied, relying sceptre racket (bat) relieve schism rackets (game) remission schoolmistress racoon remit, -tance, -ter school-teacher, -ing racy renaissance sea-borne radical (-cie, bot.) renascence seamstress radium reopen secede radius (pl. radii) repel, -led, -lent second-hand radix (pl. radices) reprieve secrecy rag, -ged, -ging residence, ency, -ent secretory (secretion) rail-borne resistance, •ant seidlitz rarefaction resolvent seigniorage, -al, etc. rarefy, rarefying resplendence, -ent seine, -ing rase (erase) respondent seirospore ratios resuscitate seismal, -mic, etc. rattan, n. retrieve seize, grasp (see 'ise') ratten, molest retrocede self-earned ravel, -led, -ling revel, -led, -ling, -ler selfhood raze (destroy) reverence self-made react reversion selfsame ·General spelling 16 sentient stare (stair, step) tessellate, -d separate stationary (fixed) theocracy (-sy, union sergeant (military) stationery (paper) of soul with God) serjeant (law) steadfast thesis (pl. -es) sexto (pl. -s) stencil, -ler, -ling thin, -ner, -nish sheath, n. (-e, v.) step (-pe, bare plain) thrash, not thresh sheer (shear, cut) stile (style, manner) thyme (herb) she'll (no space) still, -ness tinge, tingeing shellac, -ked stimulus (pl. -i) tinsel, -led, -ling shoe, shoeing stop, -ped, -ping tire (of wheel) shouldst story (both senses) title-page shovel, -led, -ling, ler straight (strait, n.) tobacco (pl. s) show (v. and n.) stratum (pl. -a) toboggan, -ing shrillness stratus, cloud (pl. -i) to-day shrivel, -led, -ling studios to-do (commotion) sibyl stupefy toilet sibylline subdivision tomato (pl. -es) siege sub-district to-morrow sienite sub-genus ton (tun, cask) sierra sub-heading to-night siesta subpoena topsy-turvy sieur sub-section tornado (pl. -es) sieve subserviency, -ent torque siliceous subsidence, -ency traffic, -ked, -king sing, -ing (song) subsistence, -ent trammel, -led, -ling singe, singeing subtle (subtile, fine) tranquillize, -d siphon succeed tranquillity (no other siren succulent word doubles 'l'on sirocco (pl. -s) such-like adding -ity) skiagraph sue, sued, suing transcendent skilful, -ly, -ness superintende/nt, -nce, transcursion skull, -less supersede [-ncy transfer, -red, -ring slight (sleight, trick) suppository transference slue (slew, killed) surfeit, -er, -ing transient slyly surge (serge, cloth) transparency, -ent smallpox Surgeon-Generals travail (to toil) smell, -less suspicion travel, -led, -ling, -ler smooth, -s not es Swedish treaties (agreements) snivel, -led, -ling swing, swinging treatise (discourse) solo (pl. -s) swinge, swingeing trepan, -ned, -ning solvency sycamore trestle somebody syllabus (pl. -es) trim, -med, -ming synonymous trinket, -ed sometime (adv. only) trousered somnolency, -ent tablespoonful (pl. -s) trousers spadeful talc, -ky truing spectrum (pl. -a) talisman (pl. -s) truly speculum (pl. -a) tallness trumpet, -ed, -ing spelt (not -led) tariff tumour sphinx (pl. -es) tattoo tunnel, -led, -ling spirituous tear (tier, a row) turbulence, -ent spoliation tease Turkoman (pl. -s) sponge teetotal, -ism, -ler turn-tree spoonful tell-tale tying, not tie staid temporary tyro (pl. -s) stanch tension twingeing (-ging, mu.) 0 some one 1 ·17 Terminations twofold, fourfold (but | virago (pl -es) whilom a hundred fold) virtu (articles of) whisky ultimatum (pl -s) virtuoso (pl -s) whitewash unbiased virulence, -ent whiting under way viscus (pl -viscera) whitish unmistakably volcano (pl -es) wholly unparallel, -ed, -ing whooping cough unrival, -led wabble, not o widespread unroll wilful wagon, -er, -ette Wiseacre unskilful, -ly, -ness wainscot, -ed until waive (wave, undu- withal wakeful up-to-date (ad) only) ſlate) withhold waler (horse) woeful vacuum (pl -a) waste (waist, of body) wooed, woos Venezuelan wavy wool, len veranda weal (flesh mark) worship, ped, -ping verdigris weir (for water) wreath, n (-e, verb) vermilion weird wrongdoing Version welfare wroth (wrathful) vertical (-cle, axis) we'll (no space) viceregal wellnigh xylonite Vice-Regent, -ency Welsh yolk victual, led, -ler,-ling wharf (pl wharves) vilify, vilified whereas zero (pl -es) villainy, villainous wherever zigzag, -ged, -ging TERMINATIONS Able'--With certain exceptions the 'e'is omitted in words ending in silent'e' when able' is added, but if 'able' is preceded by 'ce orge' the e' is retained to indicate the soft sound Words ending in 'ee' retain both letters, and a final consonant before 'able is usually doubled, others generally take the termination without any change in spelling of the root word The following spellings of exceptional or doubtful words are to be adopted abatable blameable defamable abdicable bounceable deferrable acidifiable bribable definable acquirable bridgeable delinea ble admirable changeable desıra ble admittable chargeable dilatable adorable clubbable dispensable advisable cognizable dissoluble aggrandizable committable dissolvable agreeable conferrable dissyllable analysable confinable distastable arguable contractable drivable ascribable conversable assessable endorsable creatable atonable enduable crystallızable authorizable endurable damageable enforceable balanceable datable enfranchisable baptizable debatable evadable believable declarable evolvable biddable defaceable exchangeable 3 ·able' 18 excisable lodgeable redoubtable excusable lovable regrettable exercisable miailable relapsable extractable removable malleable manageable forgettable replaceable forgivable marriageable representable framable mistakable reputable mixable rescuable gettable resolvable movable giveable resumable nameable retraceable honourable negotiable retractable ignitable noticeable revisable immeasurable rideable overcomable immovable rulable impassable (see ible) palatable saleable improvable partakable salvable incognizable passable (see ible) scalable incurable (no cure) peaceable seizable incurrable liable to) perceivable serviceable indefatigable pleasable sizable indispensable pleasureable solvable inferable pledgeable inflammable presumable tameable inflatable provable tenable irreconcilable purchasable traceable irrefragable rateable transferable transformable realizable knowledgeable rebukeable tuneable lapsable rebuttable unmistakable likeable receivable unsaleable liquefiable reconcilable unserviceable liveable re-dressable usable Ible.'-The following are the words in general use ending in "ible'; most others commonly employed take the termination 'able.' Note that the 'e'is dropped when 'ible' is the terminal :- accessible conductible defectible adducible congestible defensible adjustible contemptible depictible admissible contractible deprehensible annexible controvertible depressible apprehensible convertible descendible audible convincible destructible avertible corrigible diffusible corrodible -bipartible digestible corrosible dirigible corruptible discernible coercible credible discerptible combustible crucible dismissible comestible dissectible comminuible deceptible distensible compatible decoctible distractible conprehensible deducible divisible compressible defeasible docible ·19 edible educible effectible effervescible eligible eludible enforcible evasible evincible exhaustible exigible existible expandible expansible expendible expressible extendible extensible extractible incommiscible incompatible incomprehensible incompressible inconcussible incontrovertible inconvertible inconvincible incorri incor mandible manifestible negligible omissible ostensible O passible (susceptibi partible perceptible perfectible ble le le e le bia ·*able 18 excisable lodgeable redoubtable excusable lovable regrettable exercisable niailable relapsable extractable removable malleable replaceable forgettable manageable representable forgivable marriageable reputable framable mistakable rescuable mixable gettable rcsolvable movable giveable resumable nameable retraceable honourable negotiable retractable ignitable noticeable revisable immeasurable rideable overcomable immovable rulable impassable (see ible) palatable saleable improvable partakable salvable incognizable passable (see ible) scalable incurable (no cure) peaceable seizable incurrable (liable to) perceivable serviceable indefatigable pleasable sizable indispensable pleasureable solvable inferable pledgeable inflammable presumable tameable inflatable provable tenable irreconcilable purchasable traceable irrefragable transferable rateable realizable knowledgeable transformable rebukeable tuneable lapsable rebuttable unmistakable likeable receivable unsaleable liquefiable reconcilable unserviceable liveable re-dressable usable ' Ible.'-The following are the words in general use ending in ‘ible'; most others commonly employed take the termination 'able.' Note that the 'e'is dropped when ‘ible' is the terminal :-- accessible conductible defectible adducible congestible defensible adjustible contemptible admissible depictible contractible annexible deprehensible controvertible depressible apprehensible convertible descendible audible convincible destructible avertible corrigible diffusible corrodible -bipartible digestible corrosible dirigible corruptible discernible coercible credible discerptible combustible crucible dismissible comestible dissectible comminuible deceptible distensible compatible decoctible distractible comprehensible deducible divisible compressible defeasible docible mt ·21 author conspirator dissector bachelor constrictor disseisor bailor, law (also -er) constructor disseminator bargainor, lay (also contaminator divisor (factor) behaviour (-er) contenipiator doctor belabour contestor dolour, dolorous benefactor contour dominator bettor (-er, superior) contractor donor buccinator contributor editor conveyor, law (-er, calculator -one who conveys) educator. calumniator convictor eductor camphor effector corrector candour corregidor ejector capitulator corridor elaborator captor corrugator elector carburettor councillor, member elevator castigator counsellor, adviser elisor (law) castor, roller or oil covenantor, law (-er, elucidator (-er, one who casts) creator (history) emancipator caveator creditor emendator celebrator cultivator emperor censor (censer, vessel) cunctator emptor circulator emulator clamour debtor enactor clangor decimator endeavour coadjuator declarator enumerator coadjutor declinator enunciator coagulator decolour, decolorize equator cognisor decorator equivocator collaborator defensor eradicator collator delator, accused erector collector demeanour escheator collimator demonstrator estimator colour, colorable denominator evacuator commendator denunciator exactor commentator depopulator examinator commiserator depositor exasperator committor, judge(-er, deprecator excavator one who commits) depreciator exceptor communicator depredator excitor (nerve; -er, comparator depressor who excites) competitor desolator executor (law, -er, one compositor destructor who executes) compressor detector exhibitor (law, -er) compurgator deteriorator explicator conciliator detour explorator concoctor detractor expositor conductor deviator expostulator confessor devisor, giver (-er, expurgator confiscator dictator [originator) extensor conjuror, by oath (-er, dilapidator extenuator conqueror (juggler) dilator exterminator consecrator director extirpator conservator disfavour extractor consignor dishonour fabricator ·ise' or 'ize' 20 unintelligible unreducible unresponsible traducible transgressible transfusible transmissible transmittible transvertible unconvertible uncorruptible undiscernible unexhaustible unexpressible unfeasible unfusible unimpressible vendible vincible visible vitrescible unadmissible Ise' or 'ize.'--The following with their compounds and derivatives should be spelt with 'ise'; nearly all others of the same class require 'ize':- advertise demise incise advise (advice, n.) despise manumise affranchise devise merchandise appraise disfranchise misadvise apprise (to inform) disguise premise (v, and logic) apprize (value) arise prise up (but a prize) emprise enfranchise reprise braise (braze, to enterprise revise solder) excise rise chastise exercise (but exorcize) seise (law) circumcise franchise supervise comprise surmise compromise galliardise surprise contrariwise improvise treatise Or' or 'our.'--The following are the principal words ending in or' which are often misspelt: others generally take 'er' as the termination. The spelling to be preferred for words ending in 'our' which are spelt in two ways is also noted here. The 'u'is usually omitted in our' when 'ous,' 'able,' 'ary,' 'ton,' and similar terminations are added :--- abbreviator affector arborator abductor aggressor arbour abettor, law (also -er) agistor ardour abjuror agitator (f. -rix) armour, armoury abnegator alienator arrestor accelerator alligator assassinator accentor alliterator assentor, law (also-er) acceptor, law (accep- ameliorator assertor, advocate ter, receiver) ancestor (-er, who asserts) accommodator animator assessor accumulator annihilator assignor actor annotator assisinator addressor annunciator assistor, law (also-er) adductor antecessor assuror, underwriter adjudicator anticipator (also -er) adjutor apparitor associator administrator (f. -rix) appellor attestor admonitor appreciator attractor adulator appropriator auditor adulterator arbitrator auscilator 1 ·21 author conspirator dissector constrictor bachelor disseisor constructor bailor, law (also -er) disseminator bargainor, law (also contaminator divisor (factor) behaviour doctor -er) contemplator contestor belabour dolour, dolorous contour benefactor dominator contractor bettor (-er, superior) donor buccinator contributor editor conveyor, law (-er, calculator educator. -one who conveys) calumniator convictor eductor effector camphor corrector candour corregidor ejector capitulator corridor elaborator elector captor corrugator carburettor elevator councillor, member castigator counsellor, adviser elisor (law) elucidator castor, roller or oil covenantor, law (-er, (-er, one who casts) creator [history) emancipator caveator creditor emendator celebrator cultivator emperor censor(censer, vessel) cunctator emptor circulator emulator clamour debtor enactor clangor decimator endeavour coadjuator declarator enumerator coadjutor declinator enunciator coagulator decolour, decolorize equator cognisor decorator equivocator collaborator defensor eradicator collator delator, accused erector collector demeanour escheator collimator demonstrator estimator colour, colorable evacuator denominator commendator exactor denunciator commentator depopulator examinator commiserator depositor exasperator committor, judge(-er, deprecator excavator one who commits) depreciator exceptor communicator excitor (nerve; -er, depredator comparator depressor who excites) competitor desolator executor (law, -er, one compositor destructor who executes) compressor detector exhibitor (law, -er) compurgator deteriorator explicator conciliator detour explorator concoctor detractor expositor conductor deviator expostulator confessor devisor, giver (-er, expurgator confiscator dictator (originator) extensor extenuator conjuror, by oath (-er, dilapidator exterminator conqueror [juggler) dilator consecrator director extirpator extractor conservator disfavour consignor dishonour fabricator ·or' or our 22 w [-er) proditor factor labour, laborious paviour favour, favorite languor, languorous peculator fervour laxator percolator fictor lector perforator flavour, flavorous legator perpetrator flexor legislator persecutor fornicator lessor (-er, smaller) personator fulgor lictor perturbator (also -er) fumigator liquor populator lithotritor possessor generator preceptor macerator gesticulator malefactor precipitator gladiator precursor manipulator governor predecessor manor graduator masticator predestinator grantor, law (-er, one predictor mediator who grants) prelector metaphor harbour minor (-er, of mines) premonitor honour, honorary mirror prepositor humour, humorist, misdemeanour pretor humorous mitigator prevaricator illuminator moderator procrastinator procreator modulator illustrator monitor proctor imitator procurator immolator mortgagor, law (also mutilator impostor professor impropriator multiplicator progenitor inaugurator narrator projector incensor navigator prolocutor inceptor negotiator promisor (also -er) incisor neighbour promulgator incubator newsvendor propagator inculcator nominator propitiator inferior non-juror proprietor inheritor numerator prosecutor initiator innovator objector protector inquisitor obligor, law (-er, who protestator protractor insinuator obliges) observator provisor inspector obstructor purveyor instigator institutor odour, odourless, questor instructor odourize, odorous insulator operator radiator intercessor oppressor rancour interior orator interlocutor originator recaptor recognizor (law) ornamentor interpolator reflector interrogator oxidator refractor inventor oxygenator refrigerator investigator pacificator regenerator investor (also -er) palliator regulator paritor relator janitor parlour releasor (-er, one who juror participator releases) ·23 Foreign words 3 renovator settlor, law (-er, who tormentor repudiator simulator (settles) | torpor reservor, law solicitor tractor resonator spectator traitor respirator speculator transgressor reverberator spoliator translator reviser sponsor tremor revivor, law (-er, re- stipulator tumour fresh) stupor tutor rigor, medical successor vaccinator rigour rigorous Succour valour, valorous ruminator suitor valuator rumour superior vapour, vaporous sailor, man (-er, ship) supervisor variegator salvor (-er, tray) suplicator vector, math. saviour suppressor vendor, law (also -er) savour (-er, who surveyor venerator scarificator (saves) survivor ventilator scrutator suspensor vindicator sculptor tabour (drum) violator sector tailor visitor selector tambour visor senator tenor vouchor, law (also-er) separator terminator sequestrator terror warrantor, law (also servitor testator -er) FOREIGN WORDS IN ORDINARY TYPE. Italic type is not required to distinguish words of foreign origin which have become anglicized or are in frequent use. The follow ing are the most common of those not included in the other lists which are to be printed in ordinary type unless specially underlined in the manuscript. They are not to be altered in the author's proof. Abbé à la mode aurora borealis acariasis (and all | albuminuria, etc. auto-da-fé other diseases) alfresco actinia (and all zoolo-alga (pl. -æe) bacillus (pl. -i) gical terms) alias(except legal) ballet A.D. (but Anno Domini) | alibi bas-relief ad absurdum alma mater battue addendum (pl. -a). alto-rilievo beau (pl. -x) ad infinitum amaba (pl. -æ) beau-ideal ad interim amour-propre beau-monde adipsom (and medi- anchylosis bel esprit cal terms) anno domini belladonna (plant) ad libitum annum belle ad nauseam ante belles-lettres ad valorem a posteriori (not à) bezique adversaria a priori bijou (pl. -x) advocatus diaboli à propos or apropos bisque a fortiori aqua vitae bizarre agendum (pl. -a) areola (pl. -) blancmange aide-de-camp (pl. argot blasé aides) attaché bona (law) à la française au revoir bona fide ·Foreign words 24 bonne-bouche critique ennuyé bon ton crux (pl. cruces) en rapport bon-vivant cubiculum (pl. -a) en route boudoir cul-de-sac ensemble (but tout bouilli cum (cum dividend) entrée (ensemble) boulevard cuvée cntrepôt bouquet danseuse entresalle bourgeois (f. -e) debacle entresol (floor) bric-à-brac debauchee ephemera (pl. -a) bulletin debris ephemeris (pl. -ides) bureau (pl. -x) début ephemeron (pl. -a) decennium (pl.-a) equisetum (pl. -s) café (but café au lait) decigram erratum (pl. -a) camera obscura decimetre escritoire cap-à-pie decorum et cetera (or etc.) carte blanche delicatesse etiquette carte-de-visite dementia (and all et seq. (pl. et sequencascara diseases) ex (out of) (tes) casus belli demoiselle ex cathedra causerie demos excreta caviare depot exegesis (pl.-es) cent (no point) desideratum (pl. -a) exempli gratia (or centum detour (but détour) exequatur (e.g.) certiorari detritus ex-libris chalet de trop ex officio chapeau devoir ex parte chaperon diablerie exposé chargé d'affaires dictum (pl. -a) extempore (butextemchâteau (pl. -x) dilemma (pl.-s) pore, at the time) chauffeur dilettante (pl. -i) ex-voto chiaroscuro dishabille façade cicerone doctrinaire facetiæ ci-devant dossier facia cirque double entente facsimile (or fac.) cirro-stratus doyen faience clairvoyant (f. -e) dramatis persona fainéant claquer (but claqueur) duenna fantasia cliché fascia (arch.) (pl. æ) clientele eau-de-Cologne fascicle cloisonné eau-de-vie fascine commissionaire eau-sucrée faubourg (cap. F with communiqué éclat fauteuil [name) confrère édition de luxe feme covert congé effluvium (pl. -a) feme sole connoisseur e.g. femur (pl. femora) contango élan fête (but fête chancontra élite feuilleton [pêtre) contretemps elõge (but éloge) fiancé (f.-ée) conversazione embouchure finis corpus (corpus vile) employee (employé) fjeld corrigendum (pl. -a) empyreuma (pl. -ata) f.1. (but falsa lectio) cortège en bloc flambeau (pl. -x) coterie enceinte fleur-de-lis coup d'état encomium flora coup de grâce encore Flustra (pl. -æ) crèche ennui fondant ·25 Foreign words (but performat laches patois foulard lacuna (pl - per (by, for) foyer lapis lazuli per annum (but per franc (and all coins) | lapsus calamı capita, per se, etc, furore (but furor) lapsus lingua italic) layette gamin per cent (per centuin) lazaretto garage per diem lemma gastronome per mensem gauche (but gauche, lese-majesty per pro levee Fr, left) personnel gaucherie libretto (pl -1) sona grata) lieu genus (pl genera) plebiscite gourmand (but lingua franca plus gorlitchi gourmet {mandize) pm (post meridiem) literati gramme poste restante litre grammetre posteriori, a (not a) litterateur gratis post mortem grille (grating, but loc cit (loco citato) precis gryllotalpa Igrille) locum tenens (pl -tes) prestige prima mandamus guana (lizard) donna (but guano (manure) maraschino (liqueur) prima buffa) mate (tea) primâ facie habeas corpus materia medica pro and con (but pro habitué (f -ée) matinée et contra, pro forma, hamadryad maximum (pl -a) pro rata, pro tem ) hauteur mêlee protegé (f -ee) hectogram memento (pl -es) proximo (not prox) hiatus (pl -es) memorandum (pl -a) quasi honorarium mensem quietus hors-d'oeuvre menu (French names qui vive hydrangea of dishes in italic) quondam hypochondria metre (and all for- quorum qv (but quod vide) idem (but d) minimum (pl -a) raconteur ie (but id est) minus rationale ignis fatuus (pl moire rechauffe ignes fatui) naive recherché (f -ée) impasse naivete impedimentum (pl -a) reconnaissance nisi prius recto imprimatur nota bene regime in camera nuance incubous (botanical) regina Index Expurgatorius nux vomica rendezvous inertia (but repartee VIS 111- olla podrida repertoire in extenso fertice) omnium gatherum replica in extremis onus (onus probandi) ingesta op cit (opere citato) repousse innuendo (pl -es) requiem optime resume insignia (pl ) otolith réveille in situ (but in re) reverso inter alia papier mâche revoir' (au) interim parterre rex in toto parvenu ngor mortis ipomæa (botanical) passim rôle kilogram, etc rostrum (pl -a) 4 eign measures) pari mutuel pater familias ·Foreign words 24 de trop bonne-bouche critique ennuyé bon ton crux (pl. cruces) en rapport bon-vivant cubiculum (pl. -a) en route boudoir cul-de-sac ensemble (but tout bouilli cum (cum dividend) entrée (ensemble) boulevard cuvée entrepôt bouquet danseuse entresalle bourgeois (f. -e) debacle entresol (floor) bric-à-brac debauchee ephemera (pl. -æ) bulletin debris ephemeris (pl. -ides) bureau (pl. -x) début ephemeron (pl. -a) decennium (pl.-a) equisetum (pl. -s) café (but café au lait) decigram erratum (pl. -a) decimetre escritoire camera obscura cap-à-pie decorum et cetera (or etc.) carte blanche delicatesse etiquette carte-de-visite dementia (and all et seq. (pl. et sequencascara diseases) ex (out of) [tes) casus belli demoiselle ex cathedra causerie demos excreta caviare depot exegesis (pl.-es) cent (no point) desideratum (pl. -a) exempli gratia' (or centum detour (but détour) exequatur [e.g.) certiorari detritus ex-libris chalet ex officio chapeau devoir ex parte chaperon diablerie exposé chargé d'affaires dictum (pl. -a) extempore (butextemchâteau (pl. -x) dilemma (pl.-s) pore, at the time) chauffeur dilettante (pl. -i) ex-voto chiaroscuro dishabille façade cicerone doctrinaire facetiæ ci-devant dossier facia cirque double entente facsimile (or fac.) cirro-stratus doyen faience clairvoyant (f. -e) dramatis persona fainéant claquer (but claqueur) duenna fantasia cliché fascia (arch.) (pl. æ) clientele eau-de-Cologne fascicle cloisonné eau-de-vie fascine commissionaire eau-sucrée faubourg (cap. F with communiqué éclat fauteuil [name) confrère édition de luxe feme covert congé effluvium (pl. -a) feme sole connoisseur e.g. femur (pl. femora) contango élan fête (but fête chamcontra élite feuilleton [pêtre) contretemps elõge (but éloge) fiancé (f.-ée) conversazione embouchure finis corpus (corpus vile) employee (employe) fjeld corrigendum (pl. -a) empyreuma (pl. -ata) f.1. (but falsa lectio) cortège en bloc flambeau (pl. -x) coterie enceinte fleur-de-lis coup d'état encomium flora coup de grâce encore Flustra (pl. -æ) crèche ennui fondant ·25 Foreign words בנתנpr format laches patois foulard lacuna (pl -ce) per (by, for) foyer lapis lazul per annum (but per franc (and all coins) lapsus calamı capita, per se, etc, furore (but furor) lapsus lingur italic) layette gamin per cent (ror centum) lazaretto garage per diem lemma per mensem gastronome gauche (but gauche, lese-majesty per pro Icvce Fr, left) personnel (but perhbretto (pl -1) gauchcrie song grala) licu genus (pl genera) plebiscite gourmand (but lingua franca plus gorlitchi gourmet (mandize) pm (post meridiem) literati gramme poste restante litre grammetre posteriori, a (not a) littérateur gratis post mortem grille (grating, but locum tenens (pl -tes) prestige loc cit (loco citato) précis gryllotalpa grille) mandamus donna guana (lizard) (but guano (manure) maraschino (liqucur) prima bufa) { matẻ (tea) primâ facic habeas corpus ! materia medica pro and con (but pro habitué (f -éc) matinée et contra, pro forma, hamadryad maximum (pl -a) pro rata, pro icm) hauteur mclée protégé (f, -éc) hectogram memcnto (pl -es) proximo (not prox) hiatus (pl -es) memorandum (pl -a) quası honorarium mensem quietus hors-d'ouvre menu (Trench names qui vive hydrangea of dishes in italıc) quondam hypochondria mctre (and all for- quorum eign measures) qu (but quod vide) idem (but id ) minimum (pl -a) ie (but d cst) raconteur minuis rationale ignis fatuus (pl moiré réchauffé ignes fatui) najve rechcrché (f -ée) impasse reconnaissance impedimentum (pl a) naiveté nisi prius recto impnmatur nota bene in camera regime nuance incubous (botanical) regina Index Expurgatorius nux vomica rendezvous inertia (but VIS 11- olla podrida repartee in extenso (ert) omnium gatherum repertoire in extremis onus (onus probandi) replica repoussé ingesta op cit (opere citato) innuendo (pl -es) requiem optime résume insignia (pl) otolith in situ (but in re) réveille inter alia papier mâche reverso interim revoir ! (au) in toto parterre parvenu ipomca (botanical) rigor mortis passim rôle kilogram, etc pater familias rostrum (pl -a) 4 more pari mutuel rex ·Foreign words 26 sanctorum solatium (pl. -a) vade-mecum sanctum solidus valet de chambre savants soupçon (but valet de pied) scholium (pl. -a) sputum (pl. -a) verbatim séance stratum (pl. -a) Verso secretaire stratus (pl. -i) versus (but 2.) secundus sub. pro tem. (sul), un- vertebra (pl. æ) Senhor (f. -a), Port. der, sul judice, ctc.) vertebrata (pl.) Señor (f. -a, -ita), Sp. suite via (but via media) separatum (pl. -a) supra vice seraglio s.v. (sub noce or worbo) vice versa (vice alone) seriatim vide table d'hôte (tables) s.g.d.g. (italic in full) vingt-et-un (game) terra-cotta siesta vis-à-vis terra firma (but terra Signor (ab. Sig.) visa (signature) title rôle [incognita) sobriquet visé (signed) soi-disant frousscau (pl. -X) viva voce (pl. voces) soirée ultimo (not ult.) viz. (but videlicet) soirée dansante ultra vires vraisemblance 1 VERNACULAR TERNIS. Vernacular or Anglo-Indian terms are not to bc used in ordinary papers and especially in correspondence intended to go beyond the Local Government, except when they have no brief or exact English equivalent. Strict uniformity in words admitting of more than one way of spelling should be observed. The following list contains the Anglo-Vernacular terms in common use which may be treated as English words, and do not require to be printed in italic or to be quoted. Vernacular terms of infrequent occurrence and not included in the lists below should, like proper names of persons and places, be transliterated from the vernacular according to the equivalent roman letters or combination of letters shown in the transliteration table. Such transliterated words are to be printed in italic and should be followed by a translation in ordinary type; but if the vernacular character is used or the terms occur frequently, as in works on language, archæology, etc., the transliterated terms are to be printed in ordinary type. abir (yellow powder), addigai agadi abishegam adhara Agamas abkāri adhela (copper coin) Agamudaiyan (C) achandrarkam (I) * adhikar (I) agar (perfume, tree) achar (relish) adhikara Agaru (C) acharyapurusha (I) adhikarapatra Agasa (C) achkat adhikari Agni achukattus adhyāpakam Agnipuman (1) adad (pulse) adhyayanam (I) agraharam adāiyolai-manyam (I) | Adiga ahar (reservoir) adalat ādīnam ahîr (pastoral tribe) adamanain adirvedi (1) ain (tree) adangal Adiya Aiyarakam (C) adavu adiyar (tenant) Ajalu (fees) . * 1, inam ; C, caste ; B, Bengal ; Bo, Bombay; F, festival ; N.I., Northern India.

·27 Vernacular terms amani ajlaf (M) appas (oppers) Bagh-marı (I) ahar (estimate) arai (I) Bahadur aharband aranal Bahudhanya (1878) Ahhiri chahar sham- arasuhaval (1) bahula (dark fort- Akkasan {ba (F) archaka bailu (night) akhi archanabhagam (1) bairagı (mendicant) Akshaya (1866, 1926) ardhamanyam (I) baisuri (weed) al (dye plant) Are (C) bajavari Alagar (F) festival areca (nut) Baja-wala (I) alam arrack bajibandu Alavan (C) | Arudra Darisanam bajra (boat) aliyasantana (law) jaruga (millet) [(F) bajrı (grain) almirah arugu (platform) bahı alotti (I) aruva Bakr id alsı (linseed) Aruvattumūvar baksheesh amah Arya Samaj (sect) Bakta (C) aman (late rice) arzi Bale (1) amannt Asadi (1) Balija (C) asalminha (tenure) balli amaniya (1) asam Banagar (I) amaram (1) Asarı (I) Banajiga (C) Amavasya ashur-khana (1) banalı ambadi (plant) asti bandar (harbour) Ambalakkaran Atharvana (Veda) Bandela (1) ambalam (I) Atsu-havalı (I) | bandicoot ambali (I) Atur (I) bandobast Ambattan (C) avadhani bandy ambiga Avani bangar (high land) ambigar (I) avargal bangi (load) amildar avatar (Vishnu) banian (vest) amin Avittam Baniya (merchant) amla awarya banjar amlı (year) ayacut banjara Amratmahal ayah bankshall amsam ayan banteng (cattle) anal ayanjama banti (millet) anaikkaran (1) Ayuda Puja Bantumana (I) anakala (1) azmaish banyan (tree) anamat bao (kind of rice) Ananda (1854, 1914) baradharı (house) anandravan babar (grass) barasingha (deer) anchal (post) babat Barat-gati (I) Andı-samadhi (1) babet (wet lands) Bara-Wafat Anduran (C) Babu baraward (estimate) angam (courtyard) babul (tree) barıka Angazala (I) Bad (1) Barıkı (I) Angirasa (1872, 1932) Badaga" Basıvı (I) anicut Badagi (C) bastı (village) anjali badai (I) batela anjan (tree) Badhoyi (C) batta Badı-bad (I) bavto (millet) annachatram badmash Bavuri (C) annakavad: (I) bafta (silk) Bayındı (I) anna shrotriyam (I) bagayat bechoba anubhavam bagh Bedar anubhogam baghla (boat) Beduga (I) anna ·Foreign words 26 sanctorum solatium (pl. -a) vade-mecum sanctum solidus valet de chambre savants soupçon (but valet de pied) scholium (pl. -a) sputum (pl. -a) verbatim séance stratum (pl. -a) verso secretaire stratus (pl. -i) versus (but v.) secundus sub. pro tem. (sub, un- vertebra (pl. a) Senhor (f. -a), Port. der, sub judice, etc.) vertebrata (pl.) Señor (f. -a, -ita), Sp. suite via (but via media) separatum (pl. -a) supra vice seraglio s.v. (sub voce or verbo) vice versa (vice alone) seriatim vide table d'hôte (tables) s.g.d.g. (italic in full) terra-cotta vingt-et-un (game) siesta vis-à-vis terra firma (but terra Signor (ab. Sig.) title rôle visa (signature) sobriquet soi-disant trousseau (pl. -x) viva voce (pl. voces) soirée ultimo (not ult.) viz. (but videlicet) soirée dansante ultra vires vraisemblance (incognita) visé (signed). " VERNACULAR TERMS. Vernacular or Anglo-Indian terms are not to be used in ordinary papers and especially in correspondence intended to go beyond the Local Government, except when they have no 'brief or exact English equivalent. Strict uniformity in words admitting of more than one way of spelling should be observed. The following list contains the Anglo-Vernacular terms in common use which may be treated as English words, and do not require to be printed in italic or to be quoted. Vernacular terms of infrequent occurrence and not included in the lists below should, like proper names of persons and places, be transliterated from the vernacular according to the equivalent roman letters or combination of letters shown in the transliteration table. · Such transliterated words are to be printed in italic and should be followed by a translation in ordinary type; but if the vernacular character is used or the terms occur frequently, as in works on language, archæology, etc., the transliterated terms are to be printed in ordinary type. abír (yellow powder) addigai agadi abishegam adhara Agamas abkāri adhela (copper coin) Agamudaiyan (C) achandraskam (I) * adhikar (1) agar (perfume, tree) achar (relish) adhikara Agaru (C) acharyapurusha (I) adhikarapatra Agasa (C) achkat adhikari Agni achukattus adhyāpakam Agnipuman (1) a dad (pulse) adhyayanam (I) agraharam adāiyolai-manyam (I) Adiga ahar (reservoir) adalat ādinam ahír (pastoral tribe) adamanam adirvedi (1) ain (tree) adangal Adiya Aiyara kam (C) adavu adiyar (tenant) Ajalu (fees) * 1, inam; C, caste; B, Bengal ; Bo, Bombay ; F, festival ; N.I., Northern India.

·27 Vernacular terms ajlaf (M) appas (oppers) | Bagh-marı (1) ahar (estimate) arai (1) Bahadur aharband aranal Bahudhanya (1878) Akhiri chahar sham- , arasuhaval (I) bahula (dark fort- Alkasats [ba (F) archaka Ibailu (night) akhi archanabhagam (I) bairagi (mendicant) Akshaya (1866, 1926) ardhamanyam (I) baisurt (weed) al (dye plant) Are (C) bajavarı Alagar (F) festival areca (nut) Baja-wala (1) alam arrack 1 bajibandu Alavan (C) Arudra Dansanam bajra (boat) alıyasantana (law) aruga (millet) I(F) bajri (grain) almirah arugu (platform) I baki alotti (1) aruva Bahraid alss (linseed) Aruvattumavar baksheesh amah Arya Samaj (sect) Bakta (C) aman (late rice) arzi Bale (1) amanat Asadı (I) Balija (C) amani asalmunha (tenure) ball? amaniya (I) asami Banagar (I) amaram (I) Asari (1) Banajiga (C) Amavasya ashur-khana (1) banali ambadı (plant) asti bandar (harbour) Ambalak karan Atharvana (Veda) Bandela (I) ambalam (I) Atsu-kavalı (I) bandicoot ambalı (I) Atur (I) bandobast Ambattan (C) avadhani bandy ambiga Avanı bangar (high land) ambigar (I) avargal bangi (load) amildar avatar (Vishnu) banian (vest) amin Avittam Baniya (merchant) amla awarja banjar amlı (year) ayacut banjara Amratmahal ayah bankshall amsam ayan banteng (cattle) anai ayanjama banti (millet) anaikkaran (1) Ayuda Puja Bantuimana (I) anakala (1) azmaish banyan (tree) anamat bao (kind of rice) Ananda (1854, 1914) baradharı (house) anandravan babar (grass) barasingha (decr) anchal (post) babat Barat-gati (1) Andı-samadhi (I) babet (wet lands) Bara-Wafat Anduran (C) Babu baraward (estimate) angam (courtyard) babul (tree) barıka Angazala (I) Barıkı (I) Angirasa (1872, 1932) Badaga Başıvı (I) anicut Badagi (C) bastı (village) anjali badai (I) batela anjan (tree) Badhoyi (C) batta anna Badı-bad (I) bavto (millet) annachatram badmash Bavuri (C) annakavadı (1) bafta (silk) Bayınıdı (I) anna shrotrıyam (1) bagayat bechoba anubhavam bagh Bedar anubhogam baghla (boat) Beduga (1) Bad (1) ·Vernacular terms 28 bedukula Bi, Bibi chalgeni bidri (metal work) begah chalka (soil) bidukula chamar (I) begari (I) Begam (title) bigi, bigha (measure) chambeli (flower) Beldar (I) Bihari (language) champak (tree) benami bil (swamp) Chandāla (C) bendaikkai bilmukta (I) Chandanayatra (F) bendi (fruit) bilvarchana (I) chank Bengali Bissoyi (bearer, chief) chapath Benya (C) Bolasi chapati (cake) ber (shrub) boli (speech) chaprasi (messenger) beri beri bommalata char (land) beriz bor (tree) charan Besta boro (rice) charas (hemp resin) betel (nut or vine) Böya (C) charpoy bhadoi (crop) boyā (grass) chatak (I/16 seer) Bhagavad Gita Brahma chatak (20 gandas) Bhagavatam brahmadayam chatram (rest-house) Bhaira Brahman (pl. -s) chatty (pl. -ies) bhakti (faith) Brahmo Samaj chatur-bhagam (I) bhaiyachārā (tenure) brahmotsavam Chaudhari (1) bhajanai brahmottara chaudri (headman) bhajanakutam Brahūi (language) chauki Bhale-log (I) bratties chaukidar Bhandari (1) brinjal chaunkhar (tree) bhang budgerow chauth (revenue) bhangi buggalow (boat) chavadi bhanwar (soil) bulakku chela (pupil) bharal (sheets) bund (embankment) chellan Bharata bungalow (house) chembu Bharati (I) Burki (I) chenna (millet) bharty Burma Chenchu (C) bhatamanya Buruj (I) Chera Bhatrazu (C) Byagara Cheruman (C) Bhatta-vritti (I) cheruvu bhattia cabob (meat) chik Bhava (1874, 1934) cadi (judge) chinā (food tuber) bhavi cadjan (leaf) chinkāra (gazelle) bheesty cajan (pea) chinna melam (I) Bhil calingula chir (tree) bhogam candy (500 lb.) chironji (tree) Bhogam (C) Carnatic chit Bhogi Pandigai cash (a coin) chita bhogya cashew chitak (% seer) bhogyadar casuarina chital (spotted deer) Bhoyi (palanquin- catamaran Chitrabhanu (1882) bearer) catechu chobdar bhum (tenure) cawny (ca.) chokra bhumi chabūtra (platform) cholam (large millet) Bhūmia (C) Chaitra Cholas bhūmia (landholder) chaitya (chapel) chota-hazri bhūmiat (land) chak-bandi (I) choli (bodice) bhor (light soil) Chakkiliyan (C) choultry blusa (fodder) chakla (subdivision) chowry bhustiti chakram (coin) chuckler bhota-bali (1) chalan chuddar (garment) ·29 Vernacular terms chunam (lime) dayabhaga donka (path) Cingalese dayadı doolie (not dh) Circars Deccani doratanam coir Dega (1) doruyu compound Dehat (1) dravyam cooty dekshais dubash copra deodar (a cedar) Dudekula (C) Cotaur dera Dumbala (I) cotta (measure) desai (official) dūn (valley, NI) cowle desakaval (1) Dundubhi (1862) Cowry desam dungaree (cloth) coyee desh (county) Durga puja crore (100 lakhs) deshmukh (official) durien (tree) cumbly despandi Durmati (1861, 1921) cumbu (millet) Despandya (1) Durmukhi(1896 1956) cumin (spice) deva (deity) cummerbund (not hu) devadası ejman curry devadayam ehabhogyam cuscus Devanagari (alpha- Ekādası cutch Devanga (bet) Ekarı (C) cutcherry devasthanam ekfasli deyata ekha (cart) dacoit Deyvamadı (I) elam dacoity (robbery) dhak (tree) elandai (tree) dadsal (tree) dhana (weight) endi (sılkworm) daffa dar dharda (tree) eng (tree) daftar dharma eri daftarband dharmadayam (I) eribhūmi daftari Dharmakarta Eruhala (1) dah (knife) dharmasala Eruman (C) dak dharmăsanam (I) Eruvaka (I) dah hala Dhatu (1876, 1936) Dahshinayana dhatura (drug) faisaljasti punyakalam (F) dhenkli (picottah) faisaltırwai dalayat dhobi dalwa dhole fanam dām (old coin) dholl (pulse) farman (order, grant) daman (hill range) Dhon fasalı (luni-solar year) Dandası (C) dhoni fasljasti Dandiya (I) | dhoti (loin cloth) fasikammi danduga (1) dhurrie faslı (Revenue year) danı (palm) dhurya (I) fatwa Darbar diāra (alluvial land) faujdar (magistrate) dargah (shrine) dighi (tank) fauzdarı (court) darı (rug or carpet) Dikshitars (R) fazıl (surplus revenue) darkhast Dipavalı firka daroga dittam darwan (door keeper) divi-divi Gabrün (cloth) darwāza (gateway) Diwan (minister) Gadaba (C) Darzı (I) Diwan Bahadurº Gadabalu (I) Dasara diwani Gaddateru (I) Dasarı(C) Dolabehara (I) gade Dası (C) Daluva (C) gadi (throne) dastur Dombo (C) Gaeh war dasturi Dommara (C) Gajapati Davandai (I) donga Gamalla (C) fakır ·Vernacular terms 30 } | id Ganachari (I) Gujaratis (people) howdah Gāndla (oil pressers) 'gumasta hti (pagoda top) ganj Gunari (I) Huggi manyam (I) ganja (drug) • gunny hugur garadi (1) gunta (land measure) hukum garah (cloth) guntha (Bo. measure) | hukumnama garce gup (gossip) hummal garige (I) gur (crude sugar) hundi Garu (honorific), see gural (antelope) hurali garudakkal (I) [guru gurjan (tree) hurla (water weed) Garuda Utsavam (F) Gurkha huzur Gaud (C) gurrapu (I) gauda (headman) guru (preceptor) gaur (bison) Gurukkal Idaiyan (C) Gaura (tribe) Idgah (festival place) gayal (cattle) hackery Idiga (C) geni warg Haddi Idige (I) ghair dakhala (I) hadji (pilgrim) Id-ul-fitr ghari hafiz (scholar) Id-uz-zahu ghariyal (crocodile) haisk (millet, B) ijāra (lease) ghatwal (tenure Haje ijāradār (renter) ghaut [holder) ( hājir ilaka, -dar Ghazi Hajjam (I) llamagan (C) ghi hakeem (doctor) Ilavarasu Ghor (I) hakim (ruler) illom gingelly (oil-seed) hakku Iluvan (C) Godiya (C) halalkhor (sweeper) iluppai (tree) godown Halalkhor (I) imte (tamarind) godugu (I) Halēpaik inam goglet hali (current coin) inamdar Gokulashtami hamsaya (neighbour), inam sirpu gola (warehouse) Hanuman (God) ippu (tree) golandāz (artillery Hanumantha Jayan- irsal Golla (C) (man) hāor (marsh) (thi Irula (C) Gondi (language) Har-sal-ınakta (I) Irumbukatti (I) Gondwana havildar Islam gopurani (gateway) havis (early rice) ismwar Gosäin (devotee) Hazik-ul-mulk (T) istimrar Gosayi (C) Hebbar istimrardar gosha Hegdi Isvara (1877, 1937) gotra (caste division) Hegira Itihāsa Gowrivritham henga (harrow) gram (grain) Hevilambi (1897) Jada gramabhagam (I) hilsa (fish) jadabillai grama gharba kand- Hindi Jaggali (C) rika (1) Hindu jaggery (crude sugar) grama kattubadi (I) Hindustan jaghir grama kaval (I) Hindustani jaghirdar gramam hissa jagni (oil-seed) grama manyam (I) hissa (shrotriyam I) Jain grama nattam hissadhar Jälari (C) grama samudayam hiver (tree) jalkar grumopadhyāya Holeya (C) Jam (title) Grantha Holi Pandagai jama (gown) gudri (claily market) hookah (pipe) jamabandi Gujarati (language) hoonadah (division) jamiadar (officer) 1 1 ·31 Vemacular terms jama-i asul haduhkan harambu jambul (trec) Kaduppattan haran; (trec) jamin haifiyat harar jampulu Karholan karbları (manager) Janappın (C) hahar (deer) harcz (tunnel) Jandra hala azar harizi (1) Jangam halam karkatagavu (F) jangam! halapını harkhan? janmabhogam halar (salt land) harkun (clerk) janmam (land tenuru) halıvadı (sweepings) harma (doctrine) jinmi Kaliyukti (1858 1918) harnam (accountant) janmhar Kali (age) harnaian japtı Kalı(goddess or puja) harpura dipam (I) jari Kalıbhumi Kartiga Dipam jarib (measure) halinga minyam (I) harumpurattan Jat (Mussalman) Kilingi harvand (tree) Iltapu Kaliyuga (era) hasai (1) jatha Kallan hasbi jaud (tree) halva hasumalu jiwabnius halvay pinnadı (1) kattadaha J?Wri kal-velai (1) hattahanam (lease) Jaya (1894, 1954) hinatı (1) hittila Jayanti (Sri) hanbahkaran (1) hattayam (1) jettis (wrestlers) hambamhattı (I) hattırıbivali jhiribhumi hambhurti (I) kattubadi jhil (swamp, B) kämdır (official) hattugutta (1) jhool hamı (grass) kattu hodigc (I) jhom (cultivation) kamil (full) havadi jihad (religious war) Kamma havalhar Jimihi hammal Kavanım (C) Kammalan Kavandan (C) Jirnyatı hammar (tree) (C) Kavarai (C) jirg? (council) Kammara (C) hurravan (1) Hausitt! (0) huumarbatu brutale Pattna (1) Jitotra (I) hammiya Vettu (1) hayam jodi (I) jilitam (1) Kamsin (C) Και jodi Kanchhan (C) hedgerec Jogi (juggler) hinahupillai Keralas (people) joli (cholim) hinam (1cisc), -dar hetch (vessel) Joshi hinchi (lcisc) Kevuto (C) JOS) ?r hanchin (mcasure) hhnbar jouar (muller) banchini (tenure) bhus (tres) juli nathar (I) handichar(1) Khairatu (1) jumln (I) handi (10,000 sq sos) Lhaj?n? hinczo (trcc) khajini Kabbcri (C) hangin khihi Kabul hinger (pan) hhal(watcr chinncl) Kabali hinji hh11751 (sulor, ctc) habulivat hononi Khın (title) hochn (inſcrior) hinungo (inspector) Khan Bihidur hich?r(lind) Kappiliyan (C) hhindam (stone) hachch10 lippu Lhandrika (1) kadıgım hapu (rcado) Khin Sahib Kidumuhim (r) Air (grain) kins1n: (not con) hadis am (1) Khor (1891, 1951) Kadırambi Kiralın kharab (poor soil) (B) jirar (1)

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·33 Vernacular terms Maharı (title) mansuldar mirasıdar Mahasivaratri mantapam (pillared Mirza (title) mahazar mantram (hall) mitakshara Mahé mantri mitta (estate) mahilkharı (revenue manyam Mittadar (of estate) official, B) Mappilla modıram mahout mara (soil) mohtarfa (tax) Mahratta marahal mohur mahseer (fish) maramat mokhāsa mahsul Marathas (people) mokhāsadar mahua (seed) Marathi (language) moliks (I) maidan (open space) Maravar molla maina (bird) margosa monigar maistri Mariamman monsoon (season) majid marozawar (by vil- monthais mājām (drug) lages) Months (Tamil) majumdar marua (small millet) Chittrai makan Marumahan Vaikası makledar (contractor) Marumakhal Ani maktab (school) Marumahhattayam Adi maktadar (of estate) Marwadı Avanı Mala Marwari Purattası malai masab (red soil) Aippasi Malaiyalıs (hill tribe) masalchi Kartigai Malayalam masjid (mosque) Margali Malayalı (people) masnad (throne) Tai malguzar (revenue masula (boat) Masi payer) mata dhipati Panguni mālguzāri (lands) math (Hindu shrine) Months (Muhamma- Mali maulvi (learned men) dan). Maliahs (hill region) maund Muharram malikhana (allow-mauza (land) Safar ance) māya (delusion) Rabi-ul-awal mallı (a gardener) mayın (rice Bu) Rabı ul-Uakhir (or Maltı (language) mehwası (tenure) us-sanı) mamlatdar mela (festival) Jumadal-anwa mamal melakaran (1) Jumadal-akhir (or mamuldar melam (I) Jamal-us-sanı) mamuti, hoe (pl -es) melvaram Rajab mana (Bo maund) menkaval Shaban manai mennulu Ramzan manal meraca Shawwal inanavarı (land) merah (fees) Zilkada manchil mēriah Zil-hijja mandagappadi (I) meshadı (solar year) Months (Malayamandapam meti lam) mandır mettu Medam mangala mettunilam Edavam Mangalagırı (F) mey-kaval (I) Mithunam Mani (I ground) Mhar (C) Karkadagam manikkattal (I) mhote Simham maniyam mihrab (niche) Kanyam Manmatha (1895) mimbar (steps) Tulam Mano (measure) minar (pıllar) Vrischikam manotti (1) Mir (title) Dhanus mansabdar mirasi Makaram S ·Vernacular terms 32 khari (earth salt) krait (snake) lakhirajdar kharif (late harvest) krayadar lakota kharita krayasāsanam lal kharwa (cotton cloth) Kritayuga lambardar (village khas Krithigai (F) head) khasa (1) Krodhana (1865, 1925) Lambadi (C) khāsadar (levies) Kshatriya langarkhana khas-khas (roots) kshauraka langota khedda (stockade) Kubera langūr (monkey) khesāri (pulse) kudi lanka (island) khilat (robe of hon-, kudiiruppu lantana (shrub) Khodālo (C) (our) kudimaramat lascar Khond (C) kudiyaram lāt (monument) khulat (pulse) kudiyanavan laterite (gravel) khulga (I) kudu lathi (stick) khutba (prayer) kudukuduppai (1) lavanga kiari (seed beds) kuin lands (B) linga kikar (tree) kujah lingam (emblem) kila-dar kulamvettu (1) Lingayat Kilaka (1848, 1908) kuli lodam kinnam (cup) kulkarni (accountant, loquat (fruit) kinni kulthi (B) lota (water pot) kist kumaki lungi (waist cloth) kistbandi Kumarapournami kitmagar kumbharti (1) madaivadiyal (I) Kodagu Kummara Madai vetti (1) kodaivritti (I) kumri (cultivation) madam (I) kodali (digging-hoe) kuncham maddi (tree) kodon (millet) kundalam madebhumi kodu (water course) kunkur madhavarma Kõlayān (C) Kuruba (1) Madiga Kollam (era) Kurukh (language) madrasa (school) Kollan (C) Kuruman Madrasi kolu kurumban maganan kolusu kurun (grazing land) magani (division) Komati (C) kurup magar (crocodile) kommu (I) kuruvai Mahābhārata kon (I) kūsa (grass) mahafiz khana Konda Dora Kusavan mahajan (merchant) kondai kushki mahal (subdivision) konda kavali kusumba mahal (a house) Konkani kutba Mahālaya (amakora du kutki (millet) vasya) Korava (C) kuttadi (I) Mahāmagham korra (millet) kuttagai Mahamahopadhyaya kos (measure) kuttaga pattom (ten- Mahamakham (F) kota kuttai [ure) | māhānam Kotami (language) kuttam Mahānavami kothi (large house) kutthi (pulse) Mahant (of temple) kothsu kuzhikanam (lease) Maharaj Adhiraj kottan (I) kyawng (monastery) Maharaj Rama kottiya Maharaja (title) kolwal (police) Labbai Maharana kotwali (station) Labbais (people) Maharani kovilagom lakh (1,00,000 money) Maharao Raja kovil kanakku lakhiraj (rent free) Mahara wal 1 ·33 Vernacular terms 1 Adi Mahari (title) mansuldar mirasidar Mahasivaratri mantapam (pıllared Mirza (title) mahazar mantram [hall) | mitakshara Mahé mantri mitta (estate) mahilkhari (revenue mänyam Mittadar (of estate) official, B) Mappilla modiram mahout mara (soil) mohtarfa (tax) Mahratta marakal mohur mahseer (fish) maramat mokhasa mahsul Marathas (people). mokha sadar mahua (seed) Marathi language) moliks (I) maidan (open space) | Maravar molla maina (bird) margosa nionigar maistri Mariamman monsoon (season) majid marozawar (by vil- monthais mājām (drug) lages) Months (Tamil) majumdar marua (small millet) Chittrai makan Marumahan Vaikasi makledar (contractor) Marumakkal Ani maktab (school) Marumakkattayam maktadar (of estate) | Marwadı Avanı Mala Marwari Purattasi malai masab (red soil) Aippasi Malaiyalıs (hill tribe) masalchi Kartigai Malayalam masjid (mosque) Margali Malayalı (people) masnad (throne) Tai malguzar (revenue masula (boat) Masi payer) matadhipati Panguni malguzarı (lands) math (Hindu shrine) Months (Muhamma- Mali maulvı (learned men) dan) Maliahs (hill region) maund Muharram malikhana (allow-mauza (land) Safar ance) māya (delusion) Rabi-ul-awal malli (a gardener) mayın (rice Bu) Rabi ul-Uakhir (or Maltı (language) mehwası (tenure) us-sanı) mamlatdar mela (festival) Jumadal-anwa mamai melakaran (I) Jumadal-akhir (or mamuldar melam (I) Jamal-us-sanı) mamutı, hoe (pl -les) melvarain Rajab mana (Bo maund) menkaval Shaban manai mennulu Ramzan manal meraca Shawwal inanavarı (land) merah (fees) Zilkada manchil meriah Zıl-hijja mandagappadi (I) meshadı (solar year) Months (Malayamandapam meti lam) mandır mettu Medam mangala mettunilam Edavam Mangalagırı (F) mey-kayal (I) Mithunam Mani (1 ground) Mhar (C) Karkadagam manıkkattal (I) mhote Sinham maniyam mihrab (niche) Kanyam Manmatha (1895) mimbar (steps) Tulam Mano (measure) minar (pillar) Vrischikam manotti (I) Mir (title) Dhanus mansabdar mirasi Makaram 1 5 ·Vernacular terms 34 -- 1 t Kumbham murai Mula (or Mulam) Minam muram (gravel) Purva Ashadha (or Months (Lunar and murugu Puradam) Bengal solar) musab Uttara Ashadha (or Vaisakha musafirkhana Uttiradam) Jyeshtha mutafysal Sravana (or Tiruvo- Ashadha mutalikan (I) nam) Sravana muthumalai Sravishta (or Avit- Bhadrapada Mutracha (caste) tam) Asvina mutsaddi Satabhisaj (or Sad- Kartika Mutt ayam) Margasira mutta (villages) Purva Bhadrapada Pausha mutta dars (or Puratta di) Magha Muttaratsa (I) Uttara Bhadrapada Phalguna muttiriya (or Uttirattadi) Chaitra muzara Revati mootah (Regn. dvn.) muzumdar Nala (1856, 1916) mor (river) Nambudri (C) mozhugadi nad (a division) Nammālvar muchi (binder, etc.) nädpal (watchman) namuna muchilka nadu nānal (grass) Mudaliyar Nadva Nandana (1892, 1952) mudam (I) nagadichitta nandavanam (I) Mudavan (I) Nagaralu nanjai muddi (I) Nagari Narasimha Jayanti mufassal (country) nagasaram nari-vetti (I) mufti (expert in law) Naib (assistant) nat (a demon, Bur.) Mughal Naik (corporal) natamgar Muhammadan nakara (I) nattam Muharram Nakshatras- Nattar (I) muhurtam (auspi Asvini Nattukottai cious time) Bharani nautch mukhtar )legal prac Krittika (or Kirut- navani (millet) titioner tigai, Tam.) Navidan (I) mukhtiārkar (official) Rohini Nawab Bahadur mukhtiarnama Mrigasira (or Miru- Nawab (title) mukaddam (head gasiram) Nayakar man) Ardra Nayar Mukkoti Ekādasi Punarvasu nazar Mukkuvan (C) Pushya (or Pusam) nazim (officer) mukta Aslesha (or Ayi-nazul mulgar lam) neem (tree) mulgeni Magha (or Ma- nelgutta (1) Mulgenidars gham) nellu (rice) Purva Phalguni (or nesavukkaran mulki Puram) netti-velai (I) mullah Uttara Phalguni (or newăr (tapes) mulligatawny Uttiram) nidhi muni (inspired saint) Hasta (or Hastam) nikah munj (grass) Chittra (or Chitti- nimboli Munn Svati [rai) nīrāramba munpattam Visakha (or Visa- nirganti (servant) munshi kam) nirkh (Be) munsif (judge) Anuradha (or Anu- nirvana munsifi (court house) sham) Nizam (title) muppatika badi (1) Jyeshtha (or Kettai) nizamat (division) muli warg ·35 Vernacular terms Nokkan palmyra (tree) patkat (farm) nottam (I) Pambakkaran (I) patlu nullah (water course) pambala (I) patni (tenure) nuth pambatti (I) Patnul nylghai (antelope) pan (betel) Patnülkaran (C) Pana patra Odde (C) panam patrika oddyanam Panasas (beggars) patta Odia panayam (mortgage) pattadar odukkam (1) Panchakshara pattai oduvan (1) Panchama (C) pattam olangu Panchami Pattanavan olla panchangam Pattapu ollack panchayat pattayam Onam (festival) pand or vaso Patti (1) oppandam pandal pattīdāri (tenure NI) ottakaran (1) pandan (nut leaf bor) Pattivalı (1) ofts (pledge) Pandaram (C) pattolai ottibhandagam Pandit (title) patwarı (accountant) Pandya pavitram padagam Panısavan (C) pavunmalar padao (boat, B) Pangunı (Mar-Api) pazhavamalai padasaram Panguni Uttıram (F) pazhavatavadam padauh (timber) panıbudthy pazhikhari (I) Padayachi (C) Panchhan (C) peddakappu paddy (unhusked Paniyan peddareddi padi (rice) panjam peepul (tree) padugai pannai pegya (pulse) paga (troop of horse) Pano (C) peon pagoda pan supari peria aramanai (I) Pardı (C) para (measure) Perike paigah (tenure) Parabhava (1906) perukuli (1) park (foot soldier) paracheri perumdadı Paik (1) Paraiyan (C) peshkar (sub-official) paikari paramba (garden) peshkash (tribute) paimash parambu (maidan) pet pettah peta pain (channel, B.) parda (seclusion) pettai Paitari (I) parda-nishin peta gadu (I) pakha pardesı (foreign) petha (subdivision) paksha pargana (division) phulkari (cloth) pal (tree) paricharakan (1) pial palabhogam (tenure) ( Parıdhavi (1912) picottah (water lift) palampore (chintz) Pariharı (1) Pillayar Palapattı (1) parra (swamp) pillow (desh) palas (tree) Parsi pinda (cake) palavels (I) Partiva (1885, 1945) pindari palayam parutti (I) Pingala (1857, 1917) Palkavadı (I) Parvati pir (religious teacher) palkı (palanquin) parwana pırlu (I) palla Pashtu (language) pisasu pallam paso (waist cloth) pishanam (rice) Pallan (C) pat (hard clay) piyada palla nilam patam (1) Plava (1901 1961) pallathakku patasala (1) Plavanga (1907, 1967) Pallı (C) patel (village head- pleader (practitioner) pallıvasal Pathan (man) podu (cultivation) ·Vernacular terms 36 1 pohal (I) Rajput Sahib polchelt Rakshasa (1915, 1975) | Saiva poligar (chieftain) Raktakshi (1864,1924) Saivaism Polimera (I) Ramayana Saivite pomelo | ramjhol sajje (bulrush millet) ponam Ramzan Saka (era) Pondra (C) Rana (Rajput title) Sakala Pongal (festival) Rani (female title) Sakshi pongyi (Buddhist Rangari (C) sal (tree) popadam (monk) Rao Bahadur (title) salaam poramboke Rao Sahib (title) salai (tree) porupu rasam Sale (C) potaraz (I) rashtrakūta (dynasty) Salia potula (I) rasi Salivahana (era) pounchi Raudri (1860, 1920) Sama (Veda) powa (14 seer) rausa (garden) samai Prabhava (1867, 1927) Rāvuttan samadhi Prajotpatti (1871) Rawal (title) samaj Prakrit Rawat Samantiya (C) Pramadicha (1918) ravana samastānam Pramati (1879, 1939) razi nama samayakar (I) Pramoduta (1870) rcddi (C. or headman) samba (paddy) prant (district) regar (black soil) sambandham Prativadibhayan reh (saline soil) sambavanai karam Relli sambur (Nilgiri elk) provarti (subdivision) Rig (Veda) samudayam pugaree Risaldar samprati (I) puja (worship) rishi samvatsara pujaris roka San (Bengal era) pulavar (I) rokka gutta (1) san (Bombay hemp) pulikattu (I) rolong sanad (charter) punjai Rona (C) sanaddar punkah Rudhirotkari (1923) sanad-i-milkiatpunta (tenure) Rudra istimrar pūntottam rūsa (oil) sandai (fair) purakudi ryot sandalwood puramkudam (loan) ryoti sandhya (prayers) purana (holy book) ryotwar sane (black soil) puranik ryotwari sanjitam (I) purasu sankanadham purohit (spiritual | sabai (grass) Sanskrit guide) sabha sanwan (millet) Pūsam sabhapati sänwar (millet) Pushkaram (festival) Sādar (C) sanyāsi putti (measure) sadarbart (alms) sapinda pyinma (timber tree) Sadārana (1910) sappăni (I) pyingado do. sadhu saradu Sadr (chief) sarai (inn or restrabi (spring harvest) Sadr Adalat house) ragi (small millet) Sadr Amin saras (crane) rahar (pulse) Sadr Diwani Adalat sarāsari Rai Bahadur (title) Sadr faujdāri Adalat sardar (agent) Rai Sahib (title) Sadr Nizamat Adalat sarf-i-khas (privy Raja (title) Sadr ward purse) Raja suka (era) sagubadi (1) sari (part of dress) rajasthāni sagun (teak) sarishtadar ·37. Vernacular terms Sarvadhari (1888, Sirkar (Government) takavı (seed loan) 1948) sirumani Takia (I) Sarvajit (1887, 1947) Sisi (bırd) takıd Sarva-manyam (1) sist tal (mustard) Sārvarı (1900, 1960) Sita talaiyarı (watchman), sastras (books) sıtalpati (reed, B) talapattam (lease) sasvatam (lease) Sivaratri talav (lake) Satını siva yi-jama tāli (marriage token) satı (widow suicide) slokas talı kettu sattam (rule) Smarta (Hindu sect) talipot (palm) Saumya (1849, 1909) smritis taluk Savara (C) Sobhakrit (1903, 1963) talukdar (land owner) savi sola (water plant) talukwar sayar (mis revenue) Sondi (C) tamalpakula seer (measure) sowar (horse soldier) tamash Segidi Sowcar tamarind (tree) seir (fish) sowdu tambala (1) semal (tree) sraddha (ceremony) Tamil Sembadavan (C) Sri Bashyakaraswa- tampurans semmeri (sheep) mi Sathumurai tandal (I) Sēnıyan (C) Srimukha (1873, 1933) tandaigar sepoy Sri Panchami tangedu (tree) seri Sri Ramanavamı tank (artificial lake) servaikkaran (I) Sri Ramanujacharı tank (Bombay seer) Shan Sri Venkateswara tanha (tribute) Shanar (C) stapathi (swami tannadar Shaba-barat sthamba (pıllar) tannirpandal shadi (marriage) stupā (tumulus) tapal shahna (watchman) sabah (province) taraf shaigailand) subadar (governor) tarai (swamp) shamiana Subhakrit (1902, 1962) taram Shams-ul-ulama Sudarman (C) Tarana (1884, 1944) shanbogue (account-Sūdra (C) tarapadı (I) Sheik (ant) suz! Tara Taja shetsandı Sukla (1869, 1929) tarı (palm sap) Shiah sulka (light for night) tarif Shifa-ul-mulk sundri (tree) tarisu shigram Sunni (C) tarri shikari surkı (broken brick) tarva (tanning tree) shola (forest glade) Svabhānu (1883) tarwad (family) shroff swami tasar (silk) shrotriyam (land) swami-bhogam tasdik shrotriyamdar swastiam (land) Tattan (C) sibbandi swatantram tatti Sicca swayampakam tavazhi Siddharthi (1859) syce taze (crop Bu) Sikh syrang tazia (model of tomb) sıkhara (temple spire) Telaga (C) Silladar (trooper) Tabela (I). Teli (oilman) silpasari (1) tabi (hot season crop) Telugu Sindhi tabut Tengalaı (Sect) Singh tahsıl (revenue dues) teppakulam singhāra (plant) tdhsildar teri (sand deposits) sır (holding) tahsildari Tevan Sirdar (chief or head- tahsılı thagi (robbery) siris (tree) (man) taiyalkaran (I) Thakur (title) ·Vernacular terms 38 thana (police station) | tribhagam (I) vanki thoda Tsine (wild cattle, Bu) Vannān (C) Thug tukeya varagu Thugyi (headman) tukkadi varam ticca tulasi vari (small millet Bo.) tickal (to viss) Tulu varkas (poor soil) tika tumma (tree) vartamāna til (oil seed) Tulā (festival) Varuna tindal (ship foreman) | turri vastu tirtham vasul tirumalai (I) Ubbakavali (I) vasul-baki Tirumalpad ubhayam Vedas tiruman Udaiyan (C) Veda-vritti (I) tirunal uganny, ies Velama (C) tirupani velai (1) ujjain (meridian) velanga kolusu Tiruvā dirai (festival) ulkudi veli Tiruvanandal Ulladans (C) Vellala (C) tirwa ulvadi vellam (flood) tirwajasti upanayanam vembu tirwakammi Uppara vempattom (tenure) Tithis Uppiliyan (C) vengai Pratipada Urali Venkatachalapati Dvitiya ūrani verumpattam (lease) Tritiya Urdu vetti (pl. -s) Chaturthi Uriya (not 00) Vettiyan (C) Panchami Urrukaran (C) vettu Shashthi urs (offerings, feast) Vettuvar (tribe) Saptami Ushar Vibhava (1868, 1928) Ashtami ūshara (saline soil) vihāra (monastery) Navami uttupurahs Vijaya (1893, 1953) Dasami Vijaya Dasami Ekadasi Vadagalai (sect) Vikari (1899, 1959) Dvadasi vadai Vikrama (1880, 1940) Trayodasi vādhyar Vikriti (1890 and era) Chaturdasi vadu Vilambi (1898, 1958) Panchadasi Vadugan (C) vilāyati (era) tituram (request) vagai Villiyan Tiyan (C) vagu vimana pratishta Toda (C) vaid (doctor Be.) Vinayakachaturthi toddy vaidyan vipravinodi (people) tol (Sanskrit school) - Vaidyaratna Virabhadraswami tola (weight) vaikal Virasaivan tom-tom Vaikunta Ekadasi Virodhi (1889, 1949) Tondamān (C) Vaishnava (C) Virodhikrit (1911) tonga Vaishnavism Vishnu topaz (C) Vaisya (C) Vishnu Dipam tope vakalat Vishu (1881, festival) topi vakalatnama viss (weight) torana (gateway) vakil Visvāvasu (1905) topukaran (1) Vakkaliga (C) Visvanatha Toranam ketti (I) valai Vyasa Toreya Valaiyan Vyaya (1886, 1946) totakal valayal toti Valayan (I) Wadde (I) tottam Valluvan (C) Wadla (1) Tottiyan Vaniyan (C) Wahābi (people) ·39 Personal names Yuva (1875 1935) wakf (endowment) Saubhagy? walawarg Sobhana walır (cultivation) Atiganda waram Sukarman warg Dhriti wargdar Sula wazărat (subdivision) Ganda wazır (a minister) Vriddhi Dhruva Ya (uplands Bu ) Vyaghata yadast Harshana yaıldar (headman) į Vajra Yajaman Siddhi Yajur Vyatipata Yanadı (forest tribe) Variyas yata Parigha yatra Siva yeomiadar Siddha yeomiah Sadhya Yerukalas Subha Yessub Subhra yoga Brahman Yogasm Indra Vaidhriti yogasana(austerities) Vishkamba Yogi (ascetic) Priti Yuga Ayushmat Yunani (medicine) zamin zamındar zamındarı (estate) zamındarni (f) Zamorin zenana Zend Zendavasta Zilhudge zila (a district) Zingar (I) Zodiac signs Mesha Rishabha Mithunam Karkata Simha Kanya Tula Vrischika Dhanus Makara Khumba Mina Zulum PERSONAL NAMES Names of persons --In all ordinary official correspondence and publications Indian names should follow the spelling adopted in the following examples HINDU PERSONAL NAMES NOIE --Caste names to be added in all cases when omitted here ] Abbayı Nayudu Adiseshu Ayyar Amalānandam Pillai Abhimanya Patnāyah Adityam Amarappa Abhirama Ayyar Adıvaraham Ambadi Marar Abhishekanāthan Adivarahamurti Ambāsankara Acharyulu Pantulu Adrishtam Amritajagadiswara Achyutaſingam Aghorapati Amritalıngam Pillai Achyutarāmayya Aghora Sastrulu Amritanāyakam Achyuta Sastri Agnihotrudu Amrita Rio Adaikkalam Agniswāmı Pillai Amritaswami Pillai Adaikkalanathan Akhilândayya Anandalwar Adikesavulu Alagappa Mudalı Ananda Rao Adimula Chetti Alagasingara Anandatirtha Rao Adimurti Rao Alagiriswami Ananta Acharya Adinārāyana Ayyar Alagiyasingam Anantagiri Rao Adinārāyanaswami Alamēlu Chetti Anantzhalyāna Adinārāyanayya Alavandár Chetti Anantakrishna Adiseshayya Alwār Chetti Anantanārāyana ·Vernacular terms 38 thana (police station) tribhagam (I) vanki thoda Tsine (wild cattle, Bu) Vannān (C) Thug tukeya varagu Thugyi (headman) tukkadi varam ticca tulasi vari (small millet Bo.) tickal Go viss) Tulu varkas (poor soil) tika tumma (tree) vartamāna til (oil seed) Tula (festival) Varuna tindal (ship foreman) turri vastu tirtham vasul tirumalai (I) Ubbakavali (I) vasul-baki Tirumalpad ubhayam Vedas tiruman Udaiyan (C) Veda-vritti (I). tirunal uganny, ies Velama (C) tirupani velai (1) ujjain (meridian) velanga kolusu Tiruvā dirai (festival) | ulkudi veli Tiruvanandal Ulladans (C) Vellala (C) tirwa ulva di vellam (flood) tirwajasti upanayanam vembu tirwakammi Uppara vempattom (tenure) Tithis- Uppiliyan (C) vengai Pratipada Urali Venkatachalapati Dvitiya ūrani verumpattam (lease) Tritiya Urdu vetti (pl. -s) Chaturthi Uriya (not Oo) Vettiyan (C) Panchami Urrukaran (C) vettu Shashthi urs (offerings, feast) Vettuvar (tribe) Saptami Ushar Vibhava (1868, 1928) Ashtami ūshara (saline soil) vihāra (monastery) Navami uttupurahs Vijaya (1893, 1953) Dasami Vijaya Dasami Ekadasi Vadagalai (sect) Vikari (1899, 1959) Dvadasi vadai Vikrama (1880, 1940) Trayodasi vādhyar Vikriti (1890 and era) Chaturdasi vadu Vilambi (1898, 1958) Panchadasi Vadugan (C) vilāyati (era) tituram (request) vagai Villiyan Tiyan (C) vagu vimana pratishta Toda (C) vaid (doctor Be.) Vinayakachaturthi toddy vaidyan vipravinodi (people) tol (Sanskrit school) - Vaidyaratna Virabhadraswami tola (weight) vaikal Virasaivan tom-tom Vaikunta Ekadasi Virodhi (1889, 1949) Tondamān (C) Vaishnava (C) Virodhikrit (1911) tonga Vaishnavism Vishnu topaz (C) Vaisya (C) Vishnu Dipam tope vakalat Vishu (1881, festival) topi va kalatnama viss (weight) torana (gateway) vakil Visvăvasu (1905) topukaran (I) Vakkaliga (C) Visvanatha Toranam ketti (I) valai Vyasa Toreya Valaiyan Vyaya (1886, 1946) tota kal valayal toti Valayan (I) Wadde (I) tottam Valluvan (C) Wadla (I) Tottiyan Vaniyan (C) Wahabi (people) ·39 Personal names wakf (endowment) Saubhagy? Yuva (1875, 1935) walawarg Sobhana walır (cultivation) Atiganda zamin waram Sukarman zamiadar warg Dhriti zamindarı (estate) wargdar Sula zamındarnı (f) wazārat (subdivision). Ganda Zamorin wazır (a minister) Vriddhi zenana Dhruva Zend Ya (uplands Bu) Vyaghata Zendavasta yadast Harshana Zilhudge yaildar (headman) | Vajra. zila (a district) Yajaman Siddhi Zingar (I) Yajur Vyatipata Zodiac signs- Yanadı (forest tribe) Mesha yata Parigha Rishabha yatra Siva Mithunam yeomiadar Siddha Karkata yeomiah Sadhya Simha Yeruhalas Subha Kanya Yessub Subhra Tula yoga Brahman Vrischika Yogas- Indra Dhanus Vaidhritt yogasana (austerities) Makara Vishkamba Yogi (ascetic) Khumba Priti Yuga Mina Ayushmat Yunanı (medicine) Zulum PERSONAL NAMES Names of persons ---In all ordinary official correspondence and publications Indian names should follow the spelling adopted in the following examples HINDU PERSONAL NAMES NOIE --Caste names to be added all cases when omitted here ) Abbayı Nayudu Adiséshu Ayyar Amalānandam Pillai Abhimanya Patnāyal Adityam Amarappa Abhirama Ayyar Adivara ham Ambadi Marar Abhishekanathan Adivarahamūrti Ambasankara Acharyulu Pantulu Adrishtam Amritajagadíswara Achyutalıngam Aghorapati Amritalıngam Pillai Achyutaramayya Aghora Såstrulu Amritanāyakam Achyuta Sastri Agnihotrudu Amrita Rao Adaikhalam Agniswami Pillai Amritaswami Pillar Adaikkalanathan Akhilandayya Anandalwār Adikēsavulu Alagappa Mudalı Ananda Rao Adimala Chetti Alagasingāra Anandatirtha Rao Adamurti Rao Alagırıswami Ananta Acharya Adinārāyana Ayyar Alagiyasingam Anantagırı Rao Adinarayanaswami Alamēlu Chetti Anantzkalyāna Adinarayanayya Alavandar Chetti Anantakrishna Adisēshayya Alwar Chetti Anantanarayana ·Hindu names 40 Anantan Nayar Arpudaswami Варри Ananta Pattar Arulānandam Pillai Bapu Rao Anantarāma Ayyar Arulappan Basalinganna Ananta Rāo Pantulu Arula Pillai Basalingappa Anantāryan Arulaswāmi Pillai Basava Chetti Anantasītārama Arumaināthan Basavanna Anantasubrahmanya Arumaināyakam Basavarājēswaran Anavaratavināya Arumugam Pillai Basi Reddi Anbudayan (kam Arunāchala Ayyar Bāvā Andaperumal Pillai Arunagiri Näyudu Bava Rao Ändi Pillai Asirvādam Pillai Bāvāswāmi Pant Andisundaram Aswattham Ayyar Bayyappa Reddi Andiyā Pillai : Aswatthanārāyana Beliyappa Andiyappa Pillai Atmanāthan Bhagavanta Rao Anjaneyulu Avadayār Pillai Bhagavānulu Pantulu Anna Āchariyar Avadhanulu Pantulu Bhagavatisubrah- Annadurai Ayyar Avudaiyappan manya Ayyar Annāji Ayyangār Ayyā Ayyar Bhagirathi Rão Annamalai Chetti Ayyādurai Ayyar Bhagyam Pillai Annaparāju Ayyākutti Ayyar Bhāgyanāthan Annappa Kāmath Ayyalayya Nayudu Bhairavamũrti Annāswami Tēvar Ayyalu Näyudu Bhaktavatsaludu: Annayya Näyudu Ayyappan Pillai Bhānumūrti Anugraham Ayyāswāmi Bharatălwar Apaduddhärana Ayyāvenkata Bharatan Dikshitar Bhāshika Acharlu Apatsahāya Ayyar Babanna Kāmath Bhāshya Achāriyar Appadu Pantulu Bābu Rão Bhäshyam Ayyangar Appādurai Ayyar Bā darāyana Sastri Bhāskara Ayyar Appāji Rāo Bālagurunātham Bnāskaran Appala Āchārya Balaguru Nāyudu Bhāskararāmamurtij Appalanarasayya Bālāji Rāo Nāyudu Bhāskararāmayya Appalanarasimham Bālakotayya Bhāvana Acharya Appalanarasimhulu Bālakrishna Ayyar Bhavānandam Pillai Appalasûryanārā Balakrishnamurti Bhavấnisankara Rao yana Bālamukunda Ayyar Bhavāniswāmi Rão Appalaswami Balarama Ayyar Bhīma Achārya Appan Nambiyár Balarāma Ayyar Bhimasankara Rio Appanna Pantulu Balarāma Dās Bhimasỡna Rão Appā Rāo Balarāma Krishnulu Bhimayya Appāśwāmi Ayyar Balarāmamūrti Bhĩẽswara Rao Appāvu Chetti Balarāmaswāmi Bhõgayya Appayya Balarāmayya Bhöja Rão Appukutti Mudali Balasimha Rio Bhujanga Rao Appu Mēnon Balasingam Bhūmināthan Appunni Mēnön Balasubrahmanyam Bhushanam Appu Sāstriyar Bālasundaram Bhūtalinga Ayyar Appusundaram Bălaswāmi Chetti Bhūvarāhamūrti Appuswami Balu Mudali Bhqvaraha Rao Aramvalartanatha Bandappa Chetti Biddayya Arangadan Bangārayya Bishtöpant Arāvamudu Bangāruswämi Pattar | Brahmāji Rao Ardhanāri Bāpanayya Näyudu Brahmānandam Ardhanārīswara Bāpanna Brahmayya Arogyam Bāpayya Pantulu Brihadisan Arogyaswami Bāpirāju Buchchayya Chetti ·41 Hindu names Buchchiramayya Chinnakrishna Devavaram Buchchiraju Chinnakrishnayya Devayya Chinnappa Pillai Dhanakoti Pillai Chah karai Chetti Chinnaswami Pillai Dhanarāju Chahko Chinnatambi Dhanaswami Chakku Chinnayya Pantulu Dharmahhan Chakradhara Chinnikrishna Dharmalinga Mudalı Chakrapandiyan Chinnikrishnayya Dharmaraja Ayyar Chahrapani Rao Chintamani Dharmaranga Raju Chakravarti Chiruhantan Dharma Rao Chalımayya Chittayya Dhondu Rao Chalapati Rao Chitti Bibu Dinabandhu Mahanti Chamu Menon Chokhalingam Dinadayalu Chandappa Chohlanathan Diraviyam Chandayya Chokhanna Diraviya Nadar Chandi Kosi Choyihhutti Doraswāmayya Chandramauli Chadamanı Avyar Durairaja Chandran Chuppuhhutti Menon Durairaju Chandrasekhara Duraiswami Ayyar Chandu Nambiyar Daivanayakam Duraisingam Channigappa Daivasaha yam Duraivalu Chantan Daivasihhamini Duraiyappa Ayyar Chappan Menon Dakshinamurti Durgachala Mudalı Chappunni Nayar Damodaram Durgprasnda Rio Chattappunni Danappa Dwaipayana Acharya Chaturbhuja Das Dandapanayya Dwarakanathan Chattukkutti Dandapanı Ayyar Chattu Menon Dandayudhapani Eapen Chayappa Dasa Ayyar Eippa Nainan Chayapati Rao Dasanna Eippe Cheila Ayyar Dasappa Ekāmbarayya Cheilan Dasaratharaman Fkambara Ayyar Chellaperumal Dasaratharamayya Phambaram Chellappa Dasaratha Rao Fkambranathan Chellappan Dasarathi Rao Ekanatha Ayyar Chellaswami Dasarnthıswami Ekantalingam Pillai Cheluva Avyar Dattatreva Elantaranga Chelva Ayyangar Desika Acharya Flla Reddi Chelvakēsava- Devadasan Elumalai Konar Chelvaranga Raju Devlji Rao Erakimuttu Chetti Chenchayya Chetti Dévakataksham Chenchurāmayya Déval Raju Gajarāja Mudalı Chengal Rao Devamani Gajendra Nāyudu Chengalraya Ayyar Devanatha Acharya Ganapati Ayyar Chengalvapati Devanathan Ganapatiraman Chengalva Rao Dāvanāyaham Ganapatisubba Chengalvarāya Devanēsam Ganapatısubrah- Chengappa Děvappa Punja manyam Chenga Reddi Dévaprasadam Ganapatiyappa Chengayya Chetti Devapriyan Ganıpayya Shenai Chennahesa Devarāja Mudali Ganēsa Mahāpātro Chennakesavayya Devarājan Ganesan Chennukkuttı Kurup Dévarajulu Gangachalam Cheriyan Deva Rio Gangadhara Ayyar Chidambara Ayyar Devasahayam Gangadharan Chinnakamarāju Dévasıkhāmanı Gangadharappa 6 ·Hindu names 40 Bappu t Anantan Nāyar Arpudaswami Ananta Pattar Arulānandam Pillai Bapu Rao Anantarāma Ayyar Arulappan Basalinganna Ananta Rāo Pantulu Arula Pillai Basalingappa Anantāryan Arulaswami Pillai Basava Chetti Anantasītārāma Arumaināthan Basavanna Anantasubrahmanya Arumaināyakam Basavarājēswaram Anavaratavināya Arumugam Pillai Basi Roddi Anbudayān (kam Arunāchala Ayyar Bāvā Anda perumal Pillai Arunagiri Näyudu Biva Rio Ändi Pillai Asīrvādam Pillai Bāvāswami Pant Andisundaram Aswattham Ayyar Bayyappa Reddi Andiyā Pillai Aswatthanārāyana Beliyappa Andiyappa Pillai Atmanāthan Bhagavanta Rao Anjanēyulu Avadayār Pillai Bhagavānulu Pantulu Anna Achariyar Avadhānulu Pantulu | Bhagavatisubrah- Annadurai Ayyar Avudaiyappan manya Ayyar Annāji Ayyangār Ayya Ayyar Bhagirathi Rao Annāmalai Chetti Ayyādurai Ayyar Bhagyam Pillai Annaparāju Ayyâkutti Ayyar Bhāgyanāthan Annappa Kamath Ayyalayya Näyudu Bhairavamūrti Annāswāmi Tevar Ayyalu Näyudu Bhaktavatsaludu Annayya Näyudu Ayyappan Pillai Bhānumürti Anugraham Ayyāswami Bharatalwär Apaduddhārana Ayyāvenkata | Bharatan Dikshitar Bhashika Ācharlu Āpatsahāya Ayyar Babanna Kāmath Bhashya Achāriyar Appadu Pantulu Babu Rao Bhashyam Ayyangar Appādurai Ayyar Bā darāyana Sastri Bhaskara Ayyar Appāji Rāo Bālagurunātham Bnāskaran Appala Achārya Bālaguru Nāyudu Bhaskararāmamūrtij Appalanarasayya Bälāji Rāo Näyudu Bhāskararāmayya Appalanarasimham Bālakotayya Bhavana Achārya Appalanarasimhulu Balakrishna Ayyar Bhavānandam Pillai Appalasūryanārā Balakrishnamūrti Bhavānisankara Rio yana Bālamukunda Ayyar Bhavāniswāmi Rão Appalaswami Balarama Ayyar Bhīma Achārya Appan Nambiyār Balarama Ayyar Bhimasankara Rão Appanna Pantulu Balarāma Däs Bhimséna Rao Appă Rão Balarama Krishnulu Bhimayya Appāśwāmi Ayyar Balarāmamūrti BÌhimẽsara Rao Appävu Chetti Balarāmaswāmi Bhogayya Appayya Balarāmayya Bhöja Rão Appukutti Mudali Balasimha Rao Bhujanga Rao Appu Mēnôn Bālasingam Bhūmināthan Appunni Mēnon Bālasubrahmanyam Bhushanam Appu Sāstriyār Balasundaram Bhūtalinga Ayyar Appusundaram Bālaswāmi Chetti Bhúvarāhamurti Appuswāmi Bālu Mudali Bhqvaraha Rao Aramvalartanatha Bandappa Chetti Biddayya Arangadan Bangārayya Bishtöpant Arävamudu Bangaruswãmi Pattar Brahmaji Rao Ardhanāri Bāpanayya Näyudu Brahmānandam Ardhanāriswara Bāpanna Brahmayya Arogyam Bāpayya Pantulu Brihadisan Arogyaswami Bāpirāju Buchchayya Chetti ·41 Hindu names Buchchiramayya Chinnakrishna Dévavaram Buchchiraju Chinnakrishnayya Devayya Chinnappa Pillai Dhanakoti Pillai Chakkarai Chetti Chinnaswāmi Pillai Dhanaraju Chakko Chinnatambi Dhanaswami Chakku Chinnayya Pantulu Dharmakkan Chakradhara Chinnikrishna Dharmalinga Mudali Chakrapāndiyan Chinnikrishnayya Dharmarāja Ayyar Chakrapani Rao Chintamani Dharmaranga Raju Chakravarti Chirukántan Dharma Rao Chalamayya Chittayya Dhondu Rao Chalapati Rao Chitti Babu Dinabandhu Mahanti Chāmu Menon Chokkalingam Dinadayalu Chandappa Chokkanathan Diraviyam Chandayya Chokkanna Diraviya Nädar Chandi Kosi Choyikkutti Doraswāmayya Chandramauli Chūdamani Ayyar Durairāja Chandran Chuppukkutti Menon Durairāju Chandrasekhara Duraiswami Ayyar Chandu Nambiyar Daivanayakam Duraisingam Channigappa Daivasahāyam Duraivelu Chantan Daivasikhamani Duraiyappa Ayyar Chappan Manon Dakshinamurti Durgāchala Mudali Chappunni Nayar Damodaram Durgaprasāda Rao Chattappunni Dānappa Dwaipayana Acharya Chaturbhuja Das Dandapānayya Dwarakanathan Chăttukkutti Dandapāni Ayyar Chattu Menon Dandayudhapāni Eapen Chāyappa Dasa Ayyar Eippa Nainan Chayapati Rio Dásanna Eippe Cheila Ayyar Dasappa Ekambarayya Chellan Dasaratharaman Ekāmbara Ayyar Chellaperumal Dasaratharamayya Ekämbaram Chellappa Dasaratha Rao Ěkambaranathan Chellappan Dasarathi Rao Ekanatha Ayyar Chellaswami Dasarathiswāmi Ekantalingam Pillai Cheluva Ayyar Dattatreva Ekantaranga Chelva Ayyangär Dēsika Acharya Ella Reddi Chelvakesava Devadasan Elumalai Konar Chelvaranga Raju Dévāji Rão Erakimuttu Chetti Chenchayya Chetti Dévakatāksham Chenchuramayya Deval Raju Gajaraja Mudali Chengal Rao Devamani Gajendra Näyudu Chengalraya Ayyar Dévanatha Acharya Ganapati Ayyar Chengalvapati Devanathan Ganapatiraman Chengalva Rao Devanayakam Ganapatisubba Chengalvaraya Devanesam Ganapatisubrah- Chengappa Dévappa Punja manyam Chenga Reddi Dévaprasadam Ganapatiyappa Chengayya Chetti Dévapriyan Ganapayya Shenai Chennakesa Devaraja Mudali Ganēsa Mahāpatro Chennakésavayya Devarajan Ganesan Chennukkutti Kurup Děvarājulu Gangachalam Cheriyan Diva Rao Gangadhara Ayyar Chidambara Ayyar Dévasahayam Gangadharan Chinnakämarāju Devasikhamani Gangadharappa ·Hindu námes 42 Hanumayya -- Ganganna Guruswāmayya Jānaki Rão Gangarāja Guruswāmi Ayyar Janārdana Rāo Gangarāju. Pantulu Guruvayya Sastri Janärdanaswāmi Gangārām Hampayya Jangam Reddi Gangā Rāo Nāyudu Hanumanta Rāo Japajnānam Gangayya Jayantīswara Ayyar Hanumantulu Gangõji Rāo Hanumānulu Pantulu Jayarāma Ayyar Garuda Achārya Jayarāmachandra Garudāchala Mudali Gaurīnātha Sāstri Haridās Nāyudu Jaya Rão Pantulu Gaurīpati Rāo Harihara Ayyar Jēsudāsan Pillai Hariharan Jésudaiyān Gavarayya Näyudu Hari Rāo Jīvāji Rāo Gāyatri Ayyar Jivan Rao Harisankar Bhatt Gāyatrinātha Ayyar Harisarvottama Jīvappa Nayak Gäyatrivallabha Jīvaratnam Giri Rāo Hayagrīva Rão Jīvaratna Nāyudu Giriyappa Hayavadana Rão Jnāna dēsikan Gokarnam Hiriyanna Jnānādhīkam Pillai Gömāji Rāo Ichara Mēnon Jnāna durai Gāmatnāyakam Idichāndi Jnānakkannu Gopāla Achārya Ikkanda Mēnön Jnānamani Gopāladēsika Ilayālwār Ayyangār Jnānamānikkam Āchärya Ilayatambi Pillai Jnānam Pillai Gõpālakrishna Imbichchunni Nāyar Jnānamuttu Göpälakrishnama Inbaswāmi Pillai Jnānaprakāsam Patnāyak Innayya Jnānaratnam Gopālakrishnamma Irulān di Pillai Jnānasambandham Gopālanārāyanan: Irula Pillai Jnānasikhāmani Göpālan Nāyar Iswara Ayyar Jnānasiromani Nādār Gopāla Rão Iswaramūrtiyā Pillai Jnānaswāmi Mudali Gopālaratnam Ayyar Iswaran Jnānavīran Pillai Gopālasundaram Itti Jnānavolivu Gopālaswāmi Itticheriya Jnānāyudham Gopālayya Ittimāthu Jnänayya Göpīnātha Rāo Ittiyerah Jnāniyār Nādār Govinda Achārya Ittup J5ga Rao Govinda Dās Jõgayya Pantulu Govindakrishna Jagadisan Jotināyakam Govindan Jagadīswara Mudali Govindanārāyanan Jagannātha Chetti Kachchapēswara Govindappa Chetti Jagannātham Kadingi Nedungādi Govindarāghava Jagannāthaswāmi Kadirvēlu Mudali Govindarāja Jagannāyakulu Kailāsa Ayyar Govindarāju Jagapatirāju Kailāsam Pillai Govindarājulu Jaggarājan Kailāsapati Mudali Govindasivan Jagga Rão Nāyudu Kālahasti Ayyar Govindaswami Jaggarāya Pillai Kālappa Mudali Govindayya Jaimini Pillai Kālēswara Rāo Gundappa Jaladurgaprasāda Kallapirān Pillai Gundu Rāo rāyudu Kalyānakrishnayya Gurrāju Jalapēswara Ayyar Kalyānam Gurumurtayya Jambulinga Mudali Kalyānarāma Ayyar Gurumūrti Ayyar Jambunātha Ayyar Kalyānasundara Gurunātha Pillai Jambunāthan Kalyānasundaram Gurupādam Jambuswāmi Kalyānaswāmi Gururāja Rio Jānakirāmayya Kamalanātham ·43 Hindu names Kamalanatha Mudalı Komban Kuppu Rão Kamalesa Näyudu Kondalanarayana Kuppuswami Chetti Kāmaraju swāmi Nāyudu Kuriyan Kamayya Kondala Rao Kuruvilla Kamban Kondalarāyudu Kuttalingam Kambhotlu Kondappa Näyudu Kuttan Menon Kamčsam Kondayya Nāyudu Kuttırāma Menon Kameswara Rao Köneri Rao Kuttisankara Panik- Kammāran Nayar Konētı Ayyar Kutumba Rao [kar Kamoji Rão Koppunni Nayar Kanakachalam Koprẽsa Rao Lachchanna Kanakarāju Kora Lakharāju Kanakaratnam Pillai Koran Lakshmana Ayyar Kanakasabhai Pillai Kosi Lakshmanna Kangkasabhāpati Kotayya Lakshmana Perumal Kanakasabhasa Kotilingam Lakshmanaswami Kanakayya Kotiswara Ayyar Lakshmayya Nayudu Kandaswami Mudalı Köyıl Pillai Lakshmihantam Kannan Chetti Kripāsankar Lakshmikāntarāju Kannayya Näyudu Krishnabrahmam Lakshmikanta Rao Kannuswāmı Pillai Krishnãji Lakshminaga- Kantimatinatha Krishnama Acharya bhashanam Karpakavinayakan Krishnamma Lakshminarasa Karpurasundara Krishnamurti Lakshminarasappa Pandiyan Krishnan Lakshminarasimham Karunakara Menon Krishnappa Lakshminarasimhulu Karuppanna Pillai Krishna Rao Lakshminarasu Kasınatha Mudalı Krishnıswămayya Lakshminarayana Kasināthan Krishnaswami Lakshmīpati Kası Rao tavallabhar Lakshmivarahan Kasiviswalingam Krishnayya Pantulu Lingamürtı Kasturi Chetti Kulandai Reddi Lingappayya Kasturiranga Kulandaiswami Lingarāju Kattıperumal Pillai Kulandaivēlu Pillai Lingayya Kaundinya Kulasekharan Lingo Pant Kayaröhana Mudalı Kumarachakravarti Lokanatha Mudalı Kelappan Kumaradeva Mudalı Kelu Eradi Kumāraswāmi Sastri Madanagopala Rao Kelukkutti Kumāra Tatăcharya Madana Mohana Kerala Varma Kumarēsan Simha Devu Kesava Pai Kunchitapadam Vadappayya Kesava Pillai Kundu Panikkar Madhava Menon Kesavayya Kunhan Nayar Madhavan Nayar Kęsavulu Kunhi Bappu Madhusudana Rao Kittunni Kunhi Kannan Madurainayakam Kochchukrishna Kunhikrishnan Mahabala Rao Marar Kunhihkuttan Mahabandhu Kochchunni Kurup Kunhihkutti Dikshitar Kodandapāni Chetti Kunlı Raman Mahadeva Ayyar Kodundarām Kunhunni Menon Mahalınga Ayyar Kodandaramanujulu Kunjan Menon Maharaja Pillai Kodandaramaswami Kunju Achchan Malayappa Ayyar Kodandaramayya Kunjukrishna Menon Mallaparăju Kodanda Rao Kunju Nayar I Malları Rao Kolappan Pillai | Kuppa Acharya Mallayya Koman Kuppan Ayyangår Mallikarjuna Asan ·Hindu names 44 Manavāla Náyudu Nāgam Ayya Nāyanāvayya Mānavēdan Rāja Nāganātha Ayyar Nāyar (Gopālan, etc.) Mānavikrama Rāja Nāganna Nayinappa Chetti Mangēsa Rão Nāgappa Mudali Nelliyappā Pillai Mānikkam Pillai Nāgaraja Rao Nīlāchalam Mänikkaväsaga Nāgaratnam Nīlakantha Ayyar Nādār Nāgasundaram Nilakantham Mānikkavēlu Mudali Nāgaswāmi Ayyar Nīlamēgha Pillai Mānikya Rāo Pantulu Nāgēndram Nīlamēgham Sāstri Manjappa Nāgēsa Rāo Nūkayya Manjunātha Bāliga Nāgēswara Ayyar Mannāruswāmi Nāgi Reddi Pachchaiperumal Manonmani Pillai Nāgāji Rão Pachchayya Pillai Māriyappa Mudali Nallamuttu Padmanābha Sarma Mariyaprakāsam Nallasivam Pillai Padmanābhayya Mariyasūsai Nallaswāmi Pillai Padmanābhulu Marisiddappa Nallatambi Nādār Pakkiri Mārkandēya Sāstrulu Namasivāyam Pillai Palani Chetti Mārtāndan Pillai Namberumal Chetti Palaniswāmi Mudali Marudāchala Mudali Nambi Ayyangår Palaniyāndi Pillai Marudanāyakam Nammālwār Chetti Palaniyappan Misilamani Mudali Nânāswāmi Rão Pampana Gauda Mātrubhūtam Ayyar Nandikēswaram Pampāpati Sāstri Mayūranātha Ayyar Nanjappa Ayyar Panchanāda Ayya Mēlagiri Rāo Nanjundayya Panchāpakėsa Mīnākshisundara Nānu Ayyar Pānduranga Mudali - Mīnākshisundaram Narahari Rão Papa Chetti Möhana Rão Nārappa Náyudu Pāpayya Chetti Mõnappa Chetti Narasa Ayyar Parabrahma Sāstri Moppurappa Narasanna Rāo Paramanāyakam Mrityunjaya Ayyar Narasarāju Paramasivan Pillai Mudaliyāndān Chetti Narasimha Das Paramēswara Ayyar Mukhyaprāna Rão Narasimham Paramēswaran Mukkantīswarudu Narasimha Rao Mūssad Mukti Chidambara Narasimhaswāmi Paramēswaranunni Mukundarāja Narasimhayya Paramu Pillai Govinda Narasimhēswara Paranjöti Mudali Mukunda Rão Narasimhulu Paranjotiyā Pillai Munayya Narasinga Rao Parānkusam Nàyudu Mundappa Bangēra Nārāyana Ayyar Parasunātha Muni Chetti Nārāyanam Pillai Parasurăma Ayyar Muniswāmi Pillai Nārāyanamūrti Paripurnam Munisubrahmanyam Nārāyanan Nambud- Pārthasārathi Mūrti Chetti rippād Pārvatīsam Murugappa Chetti Nārāyanaswāmi Pattabhirăma Rao Murugēsa Mudali Nārāyanavarada Pattabhi Sītārān- Muttanna Nārāyanayya Peddirāju [ayya Muttayya Chetti Nargunam Pillai Penchulu Chetti Muttu Chetti Natarāja Ayyar Pērayya Sāstri Muttukumāraswāmi Natēsa Ayyar Pērinbam Muttuswāmi Ayyar Natēsam Pillai Periyālwār Chetti Mutyāluswāmi Chetti Natēsan Periyanāyakam Nāthamuni Mudali Periyanna Chetti Nāgabhūshanam Navamani Periyaswāmi Mudali Nāgalingam Pillai Nāyanakkannu Pērrāju Pantulu Nāgamani Chetti Nāyana Sāstri Perumal Nādār .

·45 Hindu names Perumalayya Rajarằm Rao Randji Rao Phầniyappayya Rajaratna Mudali Rarichchan Müppan Pichchandi Ayyar Rajasekhara Sarma Ratna Chetti Pichchayya Rajēndram Pillai Ratnasabhapati Pichchi Reddi Raju Mudali Ratnaswami Pichchu Ayyar Rajunayakam Ratnavelu Pillai Pichchumuttu Pillai Räma Ayyar Rayı Varma Piravipperumal Råmabhadra Nayudu Rāvunni Nedungadi Pitambara Ayyar Rimabhadrudu Rāyappa Ponnambala Ramabrahmam Rudramūrti Āsarı Ponnambalanatha Ramachandra Ayyar Ponnappa Pillai Rimachandrayya Sabhāpati Mudalı Ponnayya Nádār Ramachchan Ned-Sachchidananda Ponnuranga Mudalı ungådi Sadagopa Acharya Ponnuswāmı Nadār Rámadásu Nãyudu Sadagopa Ramanuja Prakāsam Pantulu Rämajõgi Sadasiva Ayyar Prakāsa Rio Ramakrishna Ayyar Sahasranāma Ayyar Pranatártihara Ramakrishnamma Sahetarām Näyudu Pullaswami Ramakrishnaswami Sama Rao Pundarīkākshudu Ramakrishnayya Samayya Punnayya Ramalinga Ayyar Sambamūrtı Ayyar Punitavēlu Mudalı Ramalingayya Chetti Sambandham Punyakoti Mudalı Ramalingêswarappa Sambandha Mudalı Parnaprajna Rao Ramamohan Rão Sambasıvam Parnayya Ramāmrita Ayyar 1 Sambasiva Rio Purushottama Rao Rāmāmritam 1 Sambayya Pushpanatham Rāmamurti Sāmi Puttanna Raman Sampathumara Ramanatha Ayyar Sampattu Ayyangar Radhakrishna Ramanan Samu Ayyar Radhakrishnamūrti Rāmanarasu Pantulu Sanjivappa Radhakrishnan Ramanayya Pantulu Sanjiva Rao Raghappa Ramanna Chetti Sanjivı Näyudu Raghava Acharya Rāmīnuja Ayyangår Sankappa Punja Rāghavayya Ramānujulu Nayudu Sankarakumara Pillai Raghavendra Rao Ramanunni Nayar Sankaralingam Raghunatha Sastri Ramaraghava Reddi Sankaramūrtiya Raghunatha Tata- Rama Rao Sankaranārāyana charya Ramarāyaningår Sankaran Nayar Raghunathayya Rāmasēsha Ayyar Sankara Pandalai Raghupati Nayudu Ramasubba Ayyar Sankararaman Raghuraman Rāmasubrahmanya Sanhara Rao Raghättama Acharya Ramaswāmı Pillai Sankarayya Nayudu Rairu_Nambiyar Ramayya Pantulu Sankunni Menon Raja Acharya Rama Varma Sannayya Rajābadar Mudalı Rami Reddi Santanagopalan Rajabhushanam Ramotti Santanakrishnan Rajagopala Acharya Ramudu Ayyar Santanam Rajagopalakrishna Ramunni Menon Santanarama Rajagopalaswami Ranga Acharya Santappa Rajaguru Ranganatha Mudalı Santavirappa Rajamanıkkam Ranganayakulu Santosham Rajam Ayyar Rangarāju Sanyasayya Näyudu Rājanayakam Pillai Rangaswami Sanyasırāju Pantulu Rajāngam Ayyar Rangavadivelu Saptarishi Ayyar Rajappa Ayyar Rangayya Näyudu Sarabheswara Ayyar ·Hindu names 46 Sāranāthan Sītā Rāo Pantulu Sundara Rao Sārangapāni Sivabhūshanam Sundaranānā Rāo Sārangarājan Sivachidambara Sundararāja Âyyar Saravana Mudali Sivagurunātha - Sundararāma Ayyar Saravanamuttu Pillai Sivajnānam Pillai Sundaravadivēlu Saravanaperumāl Sivakolundu Mudali Sundaravaradā Sargunar Sivāmrita Sāstri Sundarēsa Mudali Sarvarāyudu Sivandalingam Sundarēswara Sarvēswara Sivaprakāsam Ayyar Dikshitulu Sivarajan Sürappa Sarvöttama Rao Sivarāma Ayyar Sūrayya Sattanātha Pillai Sivarāma- Sūri Ayyar Sattayya Nāyudu krishnamma Sūryanārāyanamũrti Satyachidambara Siva Rāo Sūryanārāyana Rão Satyagirirājan Sivasankaran Süryaprakāsa Rāo Satyāji Rāo Sivasankarayya Sūsaikulandai Pillai Satyamūrti Sivasubrahmanyam Swāmi Ayyar Satya Nădăr Sivaswāmi Ayyar Swāmikannu Pillai Satyanārāyana Sivayya Swāminātha Ayyar Satyanāthan Sõbhanādri Rāo Syāmala Rão Satyavāgiswara Sömanātha Ayyar Satyavāsagam Sõmanna Tāchchu Mēnon Saundaramānikkam Somasundara Sāstri Tādulingam Saundararāja Somayājulu Tambu Chetti Savarirāya Pillai Sõmēswara Ayyar Tambuswāmi Pillai Savarimuttu Sönāchalam Tammanna Chetti Savarinātha Pillai Srihari Rão Tammayya Nāyudu Sāyana Sastri Srīkālahasti Ayyar Tāndavarāya Pillai Sēkhara Kurup Srīkantayya Tangaswāmi Sēkhari Varma Rāja Varma Rāja Srīkrishnulu Pātrudu Tangavēlu Mudali Selvadurai Pillai Srīnivāsagam Pillai Tanikāchala Mudali Selvanāyakam Srīnivāsarāghava Tānu Pillai Selvapati Rão Srīnivasa Rão Tātāchārya Sēnādhipati Srīnivāsulu Nāyudu Tātam Ayyangār Sēnāpati Srīrāma Chetti Tharyan Sēsha Ayyangār Srīrāmulu Nāyudu Tillaināyakam Sēshādri Ayyar Srīranga Achārya Timmakrishna Rao Sēshagiri Rão Subba Ayyar Timmanna Sēshāchalam Chetti Subbā Pillai Tirukkāmu Chetti Sēshāchalapati Subbanarasa Ayyar Tirumalai Ayyangār Sēshappa Subbanna Achārya Tirumalaiswāmi Sēshayya Subbarāghava Ayyar Tirumalaiyān Chetti Sēshu Ayyar Subbarāju Tirumalaiyappā Sēturāma Ayyar Subba Rāma Ayyar Tirumal Rāo Sētu Räo Subbarāya Sāstri Tirumuruganātha Shanmukhakumāra Subbārāyudu Pantulu Tirunārāyana Shanmukham Subbārāyulu Reddi Tirunārāyanaswāmi Shanmukhappa Subbayya Chetti Tiruvēngadam Shanmukhasundara Subrahmanya Ayyar Tiruvēngadanātha Simhädri Rāo Subrahmanyam Tiruvēngadaswāmi Singaperumāl Sudarsana Āchārya Tiruvīrarāyan Singara Achārya Sukhavanam Tulasirāma Ayyar Singāravēlu Chetti Sukumāran Tyāgarāja Ayyar Singari Näyudu Sundaragõpāla Tyāgarāma Ayyar Sītāpati Rão Sundaralingam Tyāgarāya Chetti Sītārāma Ayyar Sundaram Mudali Tyāgasundara ·47 Uriya names 1 Udayavarma Raja Velayudha Āsari Venkatesam Pantulu Uddandiswāmi Vēlãyudhan Venkatēsan Ulaganātha Mudali Vēlu Mudali Venkateswara Umāmaleswara Vemban Venkateswarulu Umapati Mudali Vembu Ayyar Venkayya Unichchoyi Vengu Ayyar Venkoba Rao Unni Erādi Venkanna Pantulu Venugopala Chetti Unnikkutti Kidāvu Venkappa Vijaya Mudali Upēndra Pai i Venkā Reddi Vijayanarasimha Venkaswami Rao Vijayarāghava Vadivelu Mudali Venkata Acharya Vijayarāghavulu Vaidyalingam Pillai Venkatāchala Ayyar Vijayarangam Pillai Vaidyanatha Ayyar Venkatāchalam Vikrama Dēvu Vaidyarā man Venkatāchalapati Vināyaka Mudali Vaidyēswara Ayyar Venkatādri Ayyar Virabhadra Rao Vaikuntham Venkatagiri Näyudu | Viranna Nāyudu Vaikuntha Nayakar Venkata Kannayya Virappa Chetti Vairavānanda Pillai Venkatakrishnayya Vīrarāghavaswami Vajravēlu Venkatanarasayya Virarāghavayya Vallabha Rao Venkatanarasimha Vira Rayan Raja Vamana Kāmat Venkatanārāyana Vírāswāmayya Vanchi Ayyar Venkatapati Nayudu , Virësalingam Varadappa Nayudu Venkataperumal Víru Näyudu Varadaraghavayya - Venkatappayya Virūpaksha Näyudu Varadarāja Ayyar Venkatarama Ayyar Vissayya Varadarājulu Venkatarãmadas Viswalingam Pillai Varadarāju Mudali Venkataramanamurti Viswanatha Ayyar Varada Rao Venkataramana Pai Viswasam Varadayya Náyudu Venkataramana Rao Viswẽsvara Rio Varāha Ayyangär Venkataranga Vitthal Rao Varāhanarasimha , Venkata Rao Vyasa Rão Patrudu Venkataratnam Vasanta Rao Venkataraya Chetti Yadunatha Rao Vasava Mēnon Venkatarayudu Yajnanārāyanayya Vāsudēva Venkatarayulu Yajnanna Vasudevamurti Venkatasēshayya Yajnarăma Ayyar Vayyapuri Mudali Venkatasiva Rao Yajnaswāmi Vēdāchala Ayyar Venkatasubba Ayyar Yajulu Vēdagiri Mudali Venkatasubbarayudu Yamuna Acharya Vēdaji Rão Venkataswami Yatirāja Mudali Vēdamānikkam Venkataswētachala- | Yatirājan Vēdamuttu pati Rao Yatirājulu Vēdanāyakam Venkatavarada Yēsudaiyan URIYA PERSONAL NAMES (MALES) Ādikonda Babono Bamodebo Adinătho Bahadur Bamsodhoro Akulo Bahaji Båmsuniya Ankulo Bajia Banchha Anondo Balaji Bånchhanidhi Appanna Balla Bånibhushono Aramo Balokesworo Bankia Arto Balokrushno Banko Artotrāno Bilunkesworo Bānomboro Atongo Balunki Bapani ·Uriya names 48 Chotura Choturbhujo Chowdhori Chudaioni Basu Bäsudcbo Bavuri Baya Bayi Bayina Bayini Bayidhoro Bayikuli Beni Bennu Bennupāni Bidyadhoro Bighnorajo Biharibondhu Bijulia Bimbadhoro Bina Binayoko Binodia Binoclo Biprochorono Biro Bīrobhodro Bīroboro Bironchinārāyono Birupaksho Bisi Bisunu Biswoksheno Biswombhoro Biswonātho Boidyonatho Boigolo Boikuntho Boirägi Boishnobo Bokshi Boli Bolia Bollobho Bollobhonārāyono Bolobhodro Bolorămo Bonna Bonobāsi Bononāli Borojo Botchhia Botchho Boto Botokrushno Brojānondo Brojobasi Brojobihāri Brojobollobho Brojobondhu Brojokesworo Brojokisworo Brojomohono Brojosundoro Brunda Brundabono Brunda bonochondro Budhi Budhiya Bhabograhi Bhagirothi Bhaluka Bhaskoro Bhayigo Bhendia' Bhikari Bhikka Bhimo Bhimosino Bhiobona Bhogia Bhogobano Bhogoboto Bhoirobo Bhojomono ! Bhojono Bhoroto Bhuboni Bhubonësworo | Bhujo Bhulla Dāmo ! Dämodoro Dasia Daso Dasorothi Debanondo Denlia Dharmiko Dhonisworo Dhonia Dhonna Dhonnu Dhonosundoro Dhonurdhoro Dhorma Dhormo Dhoronidhoro Dhrubo Dibakoro Digomboro Dinna Dinobondhu Doitari Domburu Domburudhoro Domma Donai Donārdono Dondāsi Dondia Dondo Dondodhoro Dondopani Doyanidhi Dukha Dulla Dullobho Durgachorono Durgāmādhobo Durgāprosado Durjodhono Dusia Dutia Chemma Chhobilal Chhonochhonia Chhota Chhotria Chinta Chintamoni Chitro Choita Choitonyo Chokodi Chokro Chokrodhoro Chokropāni Chompainoli Choncholo Choncholochorono Chondro Chondrobhānu Chondromoni Chondrosēkhoro Choro Chorono Endu Ekadosi Eka dosia Ekāmboro Ekkai Espati ·49 Uriya names Honso Honumano Hori Horia Horibondhu Horichorono Horihoro Horikrushno Horimohono Horinariyono Horiramo Horischondro Horosho Hrudoyanondo Hrushi Hrushikeso Indro Indromadhobo Isano Isworo Isworochondro Gadhu Gandua Ghagudia Ghonia Ghono Ghonosyamo Giria Giridhoro Girinatho Gobindo Gobindochondro Gobindochorono Gobir Gobora Gobordhono Godabon Godadhoro Godai Gojanono Gokulanondo Gokulo Gokulochando Golla Gombharia Goneso Gonėsworo Gonga Gongadhoro Gongapani Gonopoti Gopalo Gopalokrushno Gopi Gopichorono Gopinatho Gopobondhu Goposundoro Gorachando Goramoni Gourango Gourisonkor Gourīsyāmo Gourochondro Gourohori Gundicha Gura Gurubaria Gurunatho Jadobo Jamolarjuno Janahiramo Jhogodia Joddu Jodumoni Jogesworo Jogga Jogi Jogimoni Jogindro Jogindronatho Jogobondhu Jogodiso Jogonmohono Jogonnatho Jogotanondo Jolodhoro Jombësworo jonardono Jotěsworo Joyo Joyokrushno Joyomoni Joyoramo Judhistiro Jugolochorono Jugolokisoro Jugolokrushno Jujhesti Jujhia Juria Jutia Kalia Kaliachorono Kalu Kalukinkoro Kamopalo Kampo Kanchia Kannu Kantaria Kantorajo Kartiko Kartıkya Kasi Kasinatho Kasıramo Kela Kesa Kesobo Khetra Khetro Khodalo Khoga Khogai Khogesworo Kholli Khollia Khonesworo Khonna Khotia Khuntia Kisorochondro Kobira Kodondo Kodondodhoro Kohira Kohnai Koibolo Koibolyo Kokila Kolahoro Kolia Kombu Kombupäni Komola kanto Komololochono Kondho Kontho Kopikétono Kopilēsworo Kopilo Kopitā no Koruna koro Korunanidhi Kaya Krupa Krupāsındhu Hadia Hadu Hadupani Hatiramo Hattı Holodhoro Honnu ·Uriya names 50 Krushno Krushnochoitonyo Krushnochondro Krushnochorono Krutibāso Kshetrobāsi Kshetroboro Kshudhādhoro Kshyomākoro Kshyomānidhi Kubero Kunjia Kunjo Kurmonātho Kusia Kuso Kussa Kusuno Nokulo Nolinakshyo Nondikēsworo Nondo Nondokisoro Nondolalo Noria Norohori Norosimho Norosingo Norðttomo Notia Notoboro Noyono Nrusimho Modhura Modhusūdono Modono Modonogopālo Modonomohono Mohādebo Mohankālo Mohdu Mohēsworo Mohimohono Mohona Môhono Mohontoria Mohorgia Mohorushi Mokora Mokundo Mondorodhoro Mongola Mongulu Moni Monia Monmotho Monobodho Monomohono Mrutyunjoyo Muktēsworo Mukundo Muli Murãri Murilīdhoro Mussa Läbho Labonyo Lalmohono Lalu Lenka Lingo Lingorājo Lobba Lobbo Loboni Lochhobono Lochhomono Lochono Loka Lokēsworo Lokonātho Lokshmibollobho', Lokshmidhoro Lokshmikānto Lokshminārāyono Lokshmono Loksmichorono Lolita Lolitämoni Lombódoro Londa Luttia Obhimonyo Obhinobo Obhirāmo Ochutánondo Ochuto Odwoito Ogādhu Oirāboto Okshoyo Okuro Onādi Onāmo Onātho Ongodo Oniruddho Onkuro Onongo Onongobhimo Ononto Onontochorono Onontopodmonabho Onontorāmo Ontorjāmi Oporti Orjuno Orokhito Nallu Närano Nārāyono Nassa Nātho Nētrotsobo Nīlâmboro Nilo Nilokontho Nilomādhobo. Nīlomoni Nimai Nimaichorono Nirākāro Nironjono Nisānātho Niteyi Nitya Nityānondo Nobino Noboghono Nobokisoro Nodiachando Madhia Mādhobo Magota Māguni Mārkondo Michha Mina Minoketono Mochi Paikira Panda Pāndobo Pänu Phetasingi Phokīro Phokīromohono Pindiko Pitāmboro Pitobãso Pituyi Podia Podmochorono ·51 Uriya names Podmolochono Podmonabho Podono Ponchanono Poränkuso Porikhito Porikshya Poromanondo Poromo Porosu Porosudhoro Porosuramo Potito Potitopabono Pranokumaro Premanondo Priyanondo Probhachondro Probhakoro Proholado Prohorajo Prokasochondro Prophullo Prosonno Prosonnokumaro Punia Puria Purnānondo Purnochondro Puro Purondoro Purushottomo Pushya Ramokrushno Ramolingo Ramomohono Ranionatho Ramoprosado Rasobihari Roghu Roghumoni Roghunatho Roibaria Romakanto Romeso Rongonatho Ronko Rosiko Rosikochondro Rosikomohono Rotno Rushi Rushia Rushobho Sonyāsi Sorotkumaro - Sosibhushono Sosidebo Sosidhoro Sotchidanondo Sotrughno Sotya Sotyanondo Sotyobadi Sotyonārāyono Sribotso Srichondono Sridhoro Srshori Srikantho Srīkoro Srikrushno Srinibaso Sripoti Sriramo Srirongo Subudhi Sudorsono Sugribo Sukodebo Sukru Sukuta Summa Surendro Surjyonārāyono Syāmo Syamoghono Syamosundoro Taria Tarini Tarinichorono Tarono Taru Tera Thobiro Thumba Tikoro Timma Tinka Tolonétro Tomalēsworo Tonkia Tonko Tonkodhoro Trilochono Triomboko Tura Udoyochondro Udoyonatho Sadhu Sadhuchorono Saibo Sarodachorono Sarongodhoro Sarongopani Sarothi Seboko Sibo Siboramo Sikhoro Simhadri Sindhu Sitakanto Sitanatho Sitāprosado Sitaramo Sobha Sobhachondro Sodanondo Sodanono Sodasibo Sodda Sohodebo Sohosronamo Soito Solia Solla Sombaria Somonatho Somosekhoro Sonāntano Sonkulia Sonya Radhachorono Radhakanto Radhakrushno Radhamohono Radhanatho Radhānondo Radharomono Radhasyamo Raghobo Rajendro Rajibo Rajībolochono Rajibonētro Rajogopalo Rajono Ramānujo Rameso Ramo Ramobollobho Rämochondro Ramogobindo Rāmohori ·Uriya names 52 | Uttomo Uttori Ugrosēno Ujwolēsworo Ulla Umānātho Umāpoti Upendro Urdhobo Utsobo URIYA SURNAMES. Hodopo Acharjyo Altia Appoto Arukho Khadonga Khondualo Koro Lenka - Bakshi Bariko Bārtia Behara Bhonlo Bhunya Bissõyi Biswālo Boithāru Borādo Bromha Mahankudo Mahānti Mahāpātro Maharona Mahartha Majhi Mali Mehekāpo Misro Mohonto Moliko Muli Muni Patnaik Patro Podhāno Ponda Porichchha Porida Posupaloko Poti Prida Räulo Rauto Rona Ronosingi Rotho Saboto Sāhani Sähu Sāmonto Sāmontora Santo Santra Senäpoti Setti Sing Sio Sodongi Sotoposti Subudhi Swayi Torai Tripāthi Tyādhi Chitrokāro Chompāitira Chorchi Chowdhori Dakua Dangua Däs Däso Dobãi Dolai Dolobehara Nahako Naiko Neppako Nondo Pādhi Pallai Pālo Paltasingi Pāni Pānigrāhi Ghonto Gontāito Gowdo MUSSALMAN NAMES, A'azam 'Ali Alazam Husain A'azam Jāh A'azam Sahib Abā-Bakar Abu-'abd-ul-lah Abu-Bakar Abu-Muhammad Abu-Tahir Abu-Täiyib Abu-Turāb Abul-Hasan Adam Khān Adam Sait Afsar Husain Afsar Jang Aftab Ahmad Afzāl Ahmad Afzal Husain Agha Khan Ahl-ul-lah Ahmad 'Ali Ahmad Badshah Ahmad Bakhsh Ahmad Hasan Ahmad Husain Ahmad Kabīr Sahib Ahmad Muhi-ud-din Ahsan-ud-din Ahsan-uż zamān Aiyūb 'Ali Aiyūb Khān Ajmal Khân Akbar 'Ali Akbar Husain Akbar Jang Akhgar Husain Akahtar Ahmad Akhtar Husain ·Mussalman names 53 Akram 'Ali 'Aashiq Ahmad 'Abd-ul-wasi Allahdad Khan 'Aashiq 'Ali 'Abd-ur-rab Altaf Ahmad 'Aashiq Husain 'Abd-ur-rahim Altaf Husain 'Abbas 'Ali 'Abd-ur-rahman Altaf Rasai 'Abbas Husain 'Abd-ur-rashid Amanat 'Ali 'Abbas, Saiyid 'Abd-ur-rauf Amanat-ul-lah 'Abd-ul-ahad 'Abd-ur-razzaq Amin Ahmad 'Abd-ul-'ali 'Abd-us-salam Amin-ud-din 'Abd-ul-'allm 'Abd-us-samad AmIn-ul-lah 'Abd-ul-'allam 'Abd-us-sattar Amir Ahmad 'Abd-ul-'azım 'Abd-us-subhan Amir 'Ali 'Abd-ul-'aziz 'Abd-ush-shukor Amir Hasan 'Abd-ul-baqi 'Ala-ud-din Amir Husain 'Abd-ul-bari 'Ali Abbas Amir-ud-din 'Abd-ul-basit l'Ali Ahmad Amir-ul-lah 'Abd-ul-ghaffar 'Ali.Akbar Amjad 'Ali 'Abd-ul-ghafar 'Ali Haidar Amjad Husain 'Abd-ul-ghani 'Ali Hasan Ansar 'Ali 'Abd-ul-hadi 'Ali Husain Ansar Sahib 'Abd-ul-hafiz ''Ali Mazhar, Hafiz Ansar-ud-din 'Abd-ul-hai 'Ali Mian Anwar Ahmad 'Abd-ul-hakim 'Ali Muhammad Anwar 'Ali 'Abd-ul-halım 'Ali Nagi Anwar Husain 'Abd-ul-hamid 'Ali Tagi Anwar, Muhammad 'Abd-ul-haq 'Ali-ud-din Anwar Sahib 'Abd-ul-hannan 'Allm-ud-din Anwar-ud-din 'Abd-ul-jabbar 'Alin-ul-lah Anwär-ud-din 'Abd-ul-jalil Askar 'Ali Anwar-ul-lah 'Abd-ul-jamil 'Askar Husain Arshad Ahmad 'Abd-ul-karim 'Askari Mirza Asad Ahmad 'Abd-ul-khaliq 'Ata Muhammad Asad 'Ali 'Abd-ul-lah 'Ata-ul-lalı Asad Husain 'Abd-ul-lah Husain 'Ata-ur-rahman Asad-ul-lah Badshah 'Ata-ur-rasal Asaf 'Ali 'Abd-ul-latif 'Azim-jah Asaf Jah 'Abd-ul-majid 'Azīm-ud-daulah Asghar Ahmad 'Abd-ul-malık 'Azim-ud-din Asghar 'Ali l'Abd-ul-mannan 'Aziz Ahmad Asghar Husain 'Abd-ul-muhymin 'Aziz 'Ali Ashraf 'Ali 'Abd-ul-mu'iz 'Aziz Mirza Ashraf Husain 'Abd-ul-mumin 'Aziz-ud-din Husain Asman Jah 'Abd-ul-mun'im 'Aziz-ul-lah, Muham- Athar 'Ali 'Abd-ul-qadir Aziz-ul-mulk [mad Athar Husain 'Abd-ul-qadir, Bangi 'Azmat Husain Auliya Sahib 'Abd-ul-qadir, 'Azmat-ul-lah Azhar Husain Muhammad, 'Aabid 'Ali Quraishi Baba Mian 'Aabid Husain 'Abd-ul-qaiyum Babu Sahib 'Aali Jah 'Abd-ul-quddas Baday Sahib 'Aaqil Ahmad 'Abd-ul-wadad Bad'i-ud-din 'Aaqil 'Ali 'Abd-ul-wahhab Bad'ı-ul-lah 'Aarif 'Ali 'Abd-ul-wahib Bad'i-uz-zaman 'Aarif Husain 'Abd-ul-wahid Badr-i-'alam 'Aasim 'Ali 'Abd-ul-wajid Badr-ud-din 'Aasim Husain 'Abd-ul-wali Badr-uz-zaman 'Aasim Khan 'Abd-ul-wārs Badshah Husain ·Mussalman names 54 Bădshāh Mian Falāh-ud-din Ghulān Müsi Riza Bādshāh Pīr Faqir Ahmad Ghulam Mustafa Bahā-ud-dīn Sahib Faqīr-ud-din Ghulam Nabi Bahzad Khan Farid Sahib Ghulam Naqi Bakhsh-i-'Ali Farīd-ud-dīn Ghulām Qădir Bakhshish 'Ali Fasāhat 'Ali Ghulam Rasul Bakhshu Miän Fasāhat Husain Ghulām Samadani Bandah-Nawāz Fasīh Ahmad Ghulam Taqi Bandi 'Ali Fasīh-ud-din Ghulam-us-saqalain Bāqir 'Ali Fasih-ul-mulk Gulab Khān Baqir Husain Fath-i-Ahmad Gul Muhammad Barakkat 'Ali Fath-i-'Ali Shāh Gulshan 'Ali Shāh Barakkat-ul-lah Fath-ud-din Gulzār 'Ali Shah Bashārat Ahmad Fattāh Husain Bashārat 'Ali Fazil Ahmad Habīb 'Ali Shah Bashārat Husain Fazl-Ahmad Habīb-ud-din Bashārat-ul-lah Fazl-i-Husain Habīb-ul-lah Bashir Ahmad Fazl-i-Nabi Habīb-ur-rahman Bashir-ud-daulah Fazl-i-Rasul Hādi 'Ali Bashīr-ud-din Fazl-ud-dīn Hādi-ud-dīn Bazl-ul-lah [mad Fazl-ul-lah Hafiz-ud-din Bēg, Mirza Muham- Fazl-ur-rahmän Hafiz-ul-lah Bismillāh Sahib Haidar 'Ali Burhan-ud-din, Gauhar 'Ali Haidar Husain Saiyid Ghaffar 'Ali Haiyāt Badshah Ghaffar Husain Hāji Bādshāh Chanda Mian Ghaffar Khăn Hākim 'Ali Chand Bādshāh Ghaffär Muhī-ud-din Hākim-ud-daulah Chandu Miãn Ghaffär Sahib Hakim-ud-din Chirāgh-ud-din Ghafür Ahmad Hālīm-ud-dīn Chirãuh 'Ali Ghafür 'Ali Hamid Ahmad Dada Miān Ghafür Sāhib Hamid 'Ali Dầday Khăn Ghaiyās-ud-din Hamīd Hasan Datā Ganj Bakhsh Ghālib 'Ali Hamid Husain Dāūd Ghaüs 'Ali Hamid Mühi-ud-din Dāüd 'Ali Ghaüs Pīrān Hānid Sahib Daũd Khăn Ghazanfar 'Ali Hamid-ud-din Din Ahmad Ghazanfar Husain Hamīd-ul-lah Dīwān 'Ali Ghāzi-ud-dīn Hāmīd-ul-lah Dīwān Sāhib Ghulam Ahmad Hamzah 'Ali Ghulam 'Ali Hamzah Husain Fahim Ahmad Ghulām Dastgir Haqqāni Sahib Fahim 'Ali Ghulani Ghaüs Hâris 'Ali Fahim-ud-din Ghulām Haidar Harun Sāhib Faiq Ahmad Ghulām Hasan Hārun Sait Fāiq 'Ali Ghulām Husain Hasan 'Abd-ul-lah Faiyaz 'Ali Ghulām-i-'Abbās Hasan 'Ali Faiyaz Husain Ghulām Jīlāni Hasan 'Ata-ul-lah Faiyāz-ud-din Ghulām Mahmud Hasan Muhi-ud-din Faiz-i-Ra'sul Ghulam Maula Hasan Raza Faiz-ud-dīn Ghulām Muhammad Hasan-uz-zamān Faiz-ul-lah Ghulām Muhammad Hashim 'Ali Fakhir Ahmad J'afar Hashim Husain Fakhr-ud-dîn Ghulām Muhī-ud-din Hashim Muhi-ud-dîn Fakhr-ul-islām Ghulām Mujtaba Hashim Pīrān Fakhr-ul-mulk Ghulām Murtaza. Hashmat 'Ali ·55 Mussalman names Hashmat Husain Hazrat Badshah Hazrat Pirān Hidayat Ahmad Hidayat 'Ali Hidayat-ul-lah Hikmat-ul-lah Himayat 'Ali Himayat Husain Himāyat-ud-din Himmat 'Ali Himmat Husain Himmat ud-din Husain Ahmad Husain 'Ali Husain Khan Husaini Piran Husain-ud-din > Ibrahim 'Al Ibrahim Husain Ibrahim Khan Ibrahim Sahib Iftikhar 'Ali Iftikhar Husain Ihsan 'Ali Ihtisham 'Ali Ihtisham Husain Ihtisham-ud-din I'itibar 'Ali Shah I'itibar-ud-daulah I'ızaz Ahmad I'ızaz Ali l'izaz Husain Ikram 'Alt Ikram Husain Ilahdad Khan Ilah Din Ilahi-Bakhsh Ilahi-Bakht Imām 'Ali Imam Muhi-ud-din Imam Sahib Imam-ud-din Imdad Ahmad Imdad 'Ali Imdad Husain Intizam 'Ali Intizam-ud-din Iqan 'Al Shah Iqbal Ahmad Iqbal'Als Iqbal Husain Irtiza 'Ali Irtiza Husain Is-haq Ahmad Is-haq Sahib Is-haq Sait Isma'il 'Ali Isma’ıl Husain Isma'il Khan Isma'ıl Sait Isma'ıl Sait 'Ibad-ul-lah 'Imad 'Ali 'Imad-ud-din 'Inayat Ahmad 'Inayat 'Ali 'Inayat Husain 'Inayat-ul-lah 'Irfan 'Ali Ishrat 'Al 'Ishrat Husain 'Izzat Ahmad 'Izzat Husain 'Izzat Nabi 'Izzat Rasal 'Iz-zud-din Jabbar 'Al Shah Jabbar Husain Jabir'Ali Jabır Husain J'afar 'Ali J'afar Husain J'afar Muhi-ud-din Badshah Jahandar Shah Jalal-ud-din Jalal-ul-lah Shah Jalil Ahmad Jalil Hasan Jama'at 'Ali Shah Jama'at-ul-lah Shah Jamal-i-Rasūl Jamal ud-din Jamal-ul-lah Shah Jamil Abınad Janiil Husain Jäni Bādshah Jāni Miān Jān Muhammad Jannat Husain Jan-ul-lah Shah Jasărat Husain Jauhar'Ali Khan Jawāhir Husain Jawwad 'Ali Jawwad Husain Jinayat Husain Kabir-ud-din Kafalat Husain Kafil Ahmad Kalim Ahmad Kalim-ul-lah Kamal-ud-din Kamal-ul-lah Shah Kamil Husain Karamat Ali Karamat Husain Karamat-ul-lah Karīm Khan Karim Muhi-ud-din Karim-ud-din Karim-ul-lah Karim-ul-lah Shah Kāzım 'Ali Kazım Husain Khadım 'Ali Khadım Husain Khairat 'Ali Khairat Husain Khair-ud-din Khalid Ahmad Khalil Ahmad Khalil-ul-lah Khitabat Khan Khuda Bakhsh Khuda-dad-Khan Khuda Dost Khurram 'Al Khurshid Ahmad Khwajah Husain Khwajah Khan Khwajah Muhi-ud Khwajah Piran (din Laıq 'Ali Laiq Husain Laiq-ud-din Lalji Walji Sait Latif Husain Latif Qadır Ahmad Liyaqat 'Ali Liyaqat Husain Lutf-l-'Ali Lutf-I-rasal Lutf-ul-lah, Muhammad Lutf-ur rahman Mabrür Ahmad Mabrur'Ali Maddah Husain Mafakh-khar-Husain Mahabat Khān Mahbub 'Ali Mahbab Badshah ·Mussalman names 56 ! Mahbub Husain Mubarak 'Ali Niyaz Ahmad Mahbub Khan Mubash-shir-Husain Niyaz Husain Mahbūb Pīrān Muhib 'Ali Nizām 'Ali Mahdi 'Ali Muhib Husain Nizam-ud-din Mahdi Hasan Muhi-ud-din Nudrat Ahmad Mahdi Husain Muhi-ud-din Alimad Nudrat 'Ali Mahir 'Ali Mu'in-ud-din Nudrat Husain Mahmud 'Ali' Mu'iz-ud-dín Nür Ahmad Mahmud Hasan Mujāhid-ud-din Nur 'Ali Mahniūd Husain Mujtaba 'Ali Nur Muhanimad Mahmûd Khān Mujtaba Husain Nūr-ud-din Mail Sahib Munawwar Husain Nūr-ul-husnain Mājid 'Ali Munir Muhammad Nür-ul-lah Mājid Husain Munir-ud-din Nusrat 'Ali Majid Khăn Muqtadir Husain Nusrat-ul-lah Mājid-ud-din Murtaza 'Ali Makhdūmn Husain Murtaza Husain Pachhu Mian Makhdūm Pirän Mushtaq Ahmad Pahalwan Sahib Malik Badshah Mushtaq Hasan Pir Ahmad Malik Maulāna Sahib Mushtaq Husain Pir Pädshah Malik Muhi-ud-din Mustafa 'Ali Piran Sahib Mansür Ahmad Mustafa Husain 1 Pirū Miān Mansûr 'Ali Mutahhar 'Ali Mansür Husain Muzaffar Ahmad Qabil-ud-din Manzûr Ahmad Muzaffar Husain Qădir Ahmad Manzūr 'Ali Muzammil Husain Qadir 'Ali Manzür Husain Muzammil-ul-lah Qadir Husain Maqbūl Ahmad Qadir Nawaz Maqbül'Ali Nabi-Husain Qāim 'Ali Maqbul Husain Nabi-ul-lah Qăsim 'Ali - M'arūf 'Ali Nadim-ul-lah Qiwām-ud-din M'arūf Sāhi Nadir Ali Qubül Ahmad Masih-ud-din Na'im-ud-dīn Qudrat Ahmad Masīh-uz-zaman Na'im-ul-lah Qudrat 'Ali Maslah-ud-din Najm-ud-din Qudrat 'Aziz Mas'ud Ahmad Najm-ul-huda Qudrat Halim Mas'ūd’Ali Nána Mian Qudrat Nabi Maudūd Ahmad Nāsir Ahmad Qudrat Rasul Maudūd 'Ali Nāsir 'Ali Qudrat-ul-lah Maula Bakhsh Nāsir Husain Quiyūm 'Ali Maula Husain Nāsir-ud-din Qumar 'Ali Maulana Sahib Näsīr-ud-din Qumar-ud-din Mazar-ul-lah. Nasr-ud-din Qumbar 'Ali Mazhar Ahmad Nawāzish 'Ali Qurbān 'Ali Mazhar 'Ali Nazim 'Ali Qurbān Husain Mazhar Husain Nazīr Ahmad Qutb-ud-din Mazhar-ud-din Nazīr 'Ali Mazhar-ul-haq Nazir 'Ali Rafi'i 'Ali Miftāh-ud-dīn Nazir Husain Rafi'i-ud-din Mihr 'Ali Nazir Husain Rafi'l-ul-mulk Mihr-ud-din Nāzīr-ud-din Rahat 'Ali Mihr-ul-lah Nazir-ud-din Rahat Husain Minhāj-ud-din N'imat-ul-lah Rahīm 'Ali Minhaj-ul-lah Nisar Ahmad 1 Rahim Khan Misbah-ud-din Nisar 'Ali Rahim-ud-din Misbah-ul-lah Nisar Husain Rahim-ul-laha, ·57 Mussalman names Rahman 'Ali Rahman Husain Rahman Khan Rahmat 'Ali Rahmat Husain Rahmat-ul-lah Raja Mian Rajjab 'Ali Ramzān Khan Rasul Khăn Rauf Ahmad Raza 'Ali Raza Husain · Raza Khān Rif'at Ahmad Rif'at 'Ali Riyaz Ahmad Riyaz 'Ali Riyāz-ud-din Rustam 'Ali S'aadat 'Ali Sabit 'Ali Sadiq 'Ali Sadiq Husain Sadr-ud-din Sadr-ul-Islāni S'ad-ud-din S'ad-ul-lah Safdar 'Ali Safdar Husain Safi-ud-din Safi-ul-lah Sa'id 'Ali Sa'id-ud-din Sahib Saif-ud-din Saiyid Muhammad Sajjad 'Ali Sajjad Husain Sakhawat 'Ali Sakhawat Husain Salah-ud-din Salamat 'Ali Salamat-ul-lah Salih-ud-dîn Salim Bakhsh Salim-ud-din Sami'i-ul-lah Samsām 'Ali Samsam-ud-din Sand-ul-lah Sardar 'Ali Sardar Khan Sarfaraz Husain Sarwar Sahib Sarwat Ahmad 8 Sarwat Husain 'Usmān Khan Saulat Husain 'Usman Sahib Shabbir Husain Shafi'i-ud-din Wadud Ahmad Shafi'i-ul-lah Widũd Khân Shams-ud-din Wahid 'Ali Sharf Ahmad Wahid Sharif Sharf 'Ali Wahid-ud-din Sharf-ud-din Wajahat Husain Sharif, Muhammad Wajid 'Ali Shaukat Ahmad Wajid Husain Shaukat 'Ali Wajīh-ud-din Shaukat Husain Wakil Ahmad Shujā'a-ud-din Wali Ahmad Siddiq Hasan Wali Muhammad Siddiq Husain Wali.ud-din Silah-ud-dīn Wali-ul-lah Siraj-Ahmad Wasi Ahmad Siraj-ud-din Was'i 'Ali Siyānat 'Ali Wasi-ud-din Subhan 'Ali Wazīr 'Ali Sufyan 'Ali Wazir-ud-din Sulaiman Ali Wilayat Ahmad Sulaiman Khan Wilayat 'Ali Sultan Ahmad Wilayat Husain Sultan Ali Wilayat-ul-lah Sultān Husain Sultan Mahmud Yad-ul-lah Husain Sultan Muhammad Yahya Husain Sultan Muhi-ud-din Yahya Muhi-ud-din Yahya Sahib Tafazzul Ahmad Y'aqub 'Ali Tafazzul Husain Y'aqab Hasan Taha Husain Y'aqub Husain Taha Sahib Y'aqub Sahib Tahir Ali Yasin 'Ali Tahir Husain Yasin Sahib Taib 'Ali Yunus 'Ali Yunus Khan Tajammul Husain Yunus Sait Taj-ud-din Sahib Yusuf 'Ali Sahib Talawat 'Ali Talib 'Ali Yusuf Husain Talib Muhi-ud-din Yusuf Mirza Tamim Ahmad Zafar 'Ali Tamim Muhi-ud-din Zahid Ahmad Tasadduq Husain Zahid Husain Taufiq Husain Zahir Abmad Turab 'Ali Zahir Hasan Turab Husain Zahir-ud-din Turab Khan Sahib Zaigham 'Ali Zain-ud-din 'Ubaid-ul-lah, (Mau- Zain-ul-'aabidin 'Umar 'Ali lavi Zakir Ahmad 'Umar Khan Zakir 'Ali, Ml'utamid 'Umar Sahib Zakir Husain 'Usman 'Ali Zakriya Ahmad ·Mappilla names 58 Zuhür Ahmad Zuhūr 'Ali Zuhūr-ud-din Zuhūr-ul-lah 'Issu 'Issutti Zakriya Husain Zāmin Husain Zakriya Sait Zamzam 'Ali Zāmin Ahnad Ziya-ud-din Zāmin 'Ali Ziya-ul-hasan MAPPILLAS. Abu Bappan Abu Bakar Kunhi Bappan Köya Adami Bappan Kutti Adima Bappotti Adiyān Kutti Bāyan Ahmad Köya Bāyankoya Ahmad Kunhi Bāyankutti Ahmad Kutti Bīrān Aidru Aidrumān ('Abd-ur- Chadayan Kutti Chadayan rahmān) Chekkön Aidrumān Kutti Chēkku Ajjutti Chēkkutti Alippi Chokkrän Amānat Chokkrān Kutti Amânat Kutti Ammu Dāů Ammu Kutti Dāūd Assainār (Hasan) Dawood Sahib Atla Köya Dayinān Attan (Hasan) Avadalutti Farid Avarān Haidar Avarān Köya Haidross Avarān Kutti Hakim Avaru Hamid Ayammad (Ahmad) Hamza 'Abbās Harua 'Abdu Hasan 'Abd-ul-lah Köya Hasan bin Saiyid 'Abd-ul-lah Kunhi Ahmad J'afāri 'Abd-ul-lah Kutti Hasan Köya 'Alavi Hasan Kunhi 'Ali'Ammu Hasan Kutti 'Ali Köya Hashimi 'Ali Kutti Hassu 'Ali Yār Hättim Bābā Ibrāhīm Köya Bābāchchi Ibrāhīm Kunhi Bābötti Ibrāhīm Kutti Bābu Idris Bachchig Imbichchi Bachchutti Imbichchi Ahmad Bādutti Imbichchi Köya Baduvan Is-ház Baittan Ismā'il Baittān Kutti Ismā'īli Bamban Ismā'īlutti Bambankunhi 'Isa J'afar J'afar Kutti Jamāl Kamal Kamāli Kamal Kutti Kammū Kammu Kutti Köya Koya Kunhi Köya Kutti Koyāma Köyāmu Koyappari Köyõtti Kunhālan Kutti Kunh 'Ali Kunh 'Ali Köya Kunh 'Ali Kutti Kunhāmadutti Kunhāmi Kunhāmmotti Kunhāmā Kunhavarān Kunhavulla Kunhāyan Kunhi Ahmad Kunhi Bāchchi Kunhi Chekkön Kunhi Chēkku Kunhi Kamāl Kunhi Kutti 'Ali Kunhi Makki Kunhi Muhi-ud-din Kunhi Mūssa Kunhi Pakkar Kunhi Pakki Kunhi Palli Kunhi Pāri Kunhi Qadiri Kunhi Qalandan Kunhi Sā Kunhi Sūdi (Kunhi Sīthi) Kunhi Tūppar Kutti 'Ali Kutti Ammu ·Abbreviations 80 51st Sikhs. Indian Infantry-cont. 19th P.I. 19th Punjabis (also 21st, 22nd, 24th, 25th to 31st, 33rd, 46th, 66th and 67th, 72nd, 74th, 82nd, 84th, 87th, 8gth to 92nd) 20th S. 201h Duke of Cambridge's Own Infantry (Brownlow's Punjabis) 23rd Pioneers. 23rd Sikh Pioneers (also 32nd, 34th, 48th, 64th, Sist, 107th, I21st and 128th) 35th Sikhs (also 36th, 47th) 37th Dogras (also 38th) 39th Garhwal Rifles 40th Pathans 41st Dogras. 41st Dogra Infantry 42nd Deoli Regt. 42nd Deoli Regiment 44th Merwara I. 44th Merwara Infantry 45th Sikhs, 45th Rattray's Sikhs 51st Sikhs (Frontier Force), 52nd, 53rd and 54th 55th Rifles. 55th Coke's Rifles (Frontier Force) 56th Punjabis. 56th Punjabi Rifles 57th Wilde's Rifles (no abbreviation) 58th Vaughan's Rifles (no abbreviation) 59th Scinde Rifles (no abbreviation) Gist Pioneers. 6Ist King George's Own Pioneers 63rd Palamcottah L.I. 63rd Palamcottah Light Infantry 73rd C.I. 73rd Carnatic Infantry (also 75th, 76th, 79th, Soth, S6th and sgth) 83rd Wallajahbad L. I. 83rd Wallajahbad Light Infantry 93rd Bur. l. 93rd Burma Infantry 94th Russell's Infantry (also 95th} 96th Berar Infantry 97th Deccan Infantry (also 99th) Toist Grenadiers. The IOISt Grenadiers 102nd Grenadiers. 102nd King Edward's Own Grenadiers rozrd Mahratta L.I. 103rd Mahratta Light Infantry (also 105th, 110th, bul 114th, 116th and 117th Mahrattas) 104th Wellesley's Rifles 1o6th Hazara Pioneers 119th I. 119th Infantry (The Mooltan Regiment) 120th Rajputana I. [2oth Rajputana Infantry (also 122nd and 123rd, Outram's Rifles). I24th Baluchistan I. 124th Duchess of Connaught's Own Baluchistan Infantry (also 126th) 125th Napier's Rifles 127th Baluch L.I. 127th Queen Mary's Own Baluch Light Infantry 129th Baluchis. 129th Duke of Connaught's Own Baluchis 130th Baluchis. 130th King George's Own Baluchis (Jacob's Rifles) Ist G.R. (a) ist King George's Own Gurkha Rifles. (The Malaun Regiment) (6) Ist Gurkha Rifles 2nd G.R. (a) and King Edward's Own Gurkha Rifles, (The Sirmoor Rifles) (6) 2nd Gurkha Rifles 3rd G.R. (2) 3rd Queen Alexandra's Own Gurkha Rifles. (6) 3rd Gurkha Rifles Indian Infantry-cont. 4th G.R. 4th Gurkha Rifles (also 5th to loth). Volunteer Corps. Those now merged into the Indian Defence Force omit. Volun. teer' or place it within parentheses.- Aden V. Rif. Aden Volunteer Rifles Agra V. Rif. Agra Volunteer Rifles Alld. V. Rif. Allahabad Volunteer Rifles Assam V.L.H. Assam Valley Light Horse A.-B. Ry. V. Rif. Assam-Bengal Railway Volunteer Rifles Bal'n V. Rif. Baluchistan Volunteer Rifles Bang. R. Vol. Bangalore Rifle Volunteers B. & N.-W. Ry. V. Rif. Bengal and North-Western Railway Volunteer Rifles B.-N. Ry. V.R. Corps. Bengal-Nagpur Railway Volunteer Rifle Corps (Ist and 2nd Bn.) Bihar L.H. Bihar Light Horse B.B. & C.l. Ry. V. Rif. Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway Volunteer Rifles (1st and 2nd Bn.) Bo. L.H. Bombay Light Horse Bo. V. Art. Bombay Volunteer Artillery Bo. V. Rif. Bombay Volunteer Rifles Bur. Ry. V. Corps. Burma Railways Volunteer Corps Cal. L.H. Calcutta Light Horse Cal. P.D.V. Corps. Calcutta Port Defence Volunteer Corps Cal. Sco. Vol. Calcutta Scottish. Cal. V. Rif. (Ist Bn.) Calcutta Volun. teer Rifles (1 st Bn.) and (2nd P. Bn.). Cawnpore V. Rif. Cawnpore Volunteer Rifles Chota Nag. L.H. Chota Nagpur Light Horse Coorg & Mys. Rif. Coorg and Mysore Rifles Coss'pr. Art. Vol. Cossipore Artillery Volunteers. E. Coast V. Rif. East Coast Volunteer Rifles E.I. Ry. V. Rif. East Indian Railway Volunteer Rifles E.B. Ry. V. Rif. Eastern Bengal Railway Volunteer Rifles E. Beng. V. Rif. Eastern Bengal Vol. unteer Rifles G.I.P.Ry. V.R. Corps. Great Indian Peninsula Railway Volunteer Rifle Corps. (1st and 2nd Bn.) Hyd. v. Rif. Hyderabad Volunteer Rifles Kar. Art. Vol. Karachi Artillery Volun. teers Kolar G.F.R. Vol. Kolar Gold Fields Rifle Volunteers Luck. V. Rif. Lucknow Volunteer Rifles Mad. Art. Vol. Madras Artillery Vol. unteers (The Duke's Own) M. & S.M.Ry. Rif. Madras and Southero Mahratta Railway Rifles (1st and 2nd Bn.) M.V.G. Madras (Volunteer) Guards ·89 Italic (z) Complimentary addresses at the beginning of a letter or despatch, such as, MY LORD, SIR, DEAR SIR, etc , also in memorials and petitions, as MOST RESPECTFULLY SHOWETH () Names of places in date lines (except in gazettes), and for signatures in Government Orders and Board's Proceedings (k) Initials of orders, degrees, societies, etc, after names, such as, CSI, FRCS, PHD, DSC, etc, except those mentioned under 'Capitals' (1) Dates in numerals as MDCCCXIV ITALIC Italic (indicated by one underline in manuscripts) is to be avoided as much as possible It is to be used in the following cases except in Acts and Bills where italic is employed for special purposes (a) For names of authors or authorities when run on in the same line after extracts, cases cited in Law Reports and in the judgments of the High Court, etc (6) For titles of newspapers, periodical publications and magazines in the text, as Fort St George Gazette, but not in lists nor when the full titles are not quoted, as Published in the Fort St George and Tanjore district gazettes Names or titles of books, articles, chapters, the subject of notes or orders, etc, to be in ordinary type within double quotation marks (c) For botanical and zoological genera and species and similar scientific names only when the common names or explanations appear in conjunction therewith, but to be in roman in lists of such names, tabular statements, etc (d) For such words as read, for, substitute, cancel, dclete, omit, insert, add, deduct in errata, amending Bills, etc Also for Explanation, Illustration, etc, in Acts and Bills e) For original adàitions or amendments to a Bill or drait, if necessary to indicate later amendments thick type or brackets may be used (f) For lower case letters used as references when explaining diagrams, for capitals use roman, as Fig A, points def, the angle xy. (8) For Foreign and Vernacular words --Short phrases and sentences quoted literatım in the text, also single words in infrequent use and not included in the separate lists in this publication to be printed in italic without quotation marks long extracts, etc, in such languages to follow the practice of quotations in English All words of these classes, whether included in these lists or not, that are followed by a parenthetical explanation or translation to be in italic unless they are enclosed within quotation marks or unless they appear in special works, such as those on languages, where they are numerous and do not require distinctive treat- Translations or transliterations accompanying words in vernacular characters to be in ordinary typenot italic (h) For distinguishing English and foreign words spelt alike, with the exceptions noted under (g), such as cachet (a packet), cachet (a seal), pension = allowance, pension (French) = boarding house, or when foreign spelling is adopted instead of the anglicized etc, ment 12 ·Figures and numerals 92 For numbers of any amount containing decimals or fractions ; as, 90'5, 672. (Notc.--No decimal, no matter how inany figures it contains, is plural.) If no unit is present the cipher to be inserted always; as, 0-45 not '45. Omit the ciphers for cents where there are none; as, $125, not $12500, but 125'05. Align decimal points in columns. Ciphers not to be used alonc in figure columns : substitute leaders or blanks cxccpt when there are fractions; as, s. and d. following £; a. and p. after Rs., etc. For money (Rs. 12-8-4 or As. 8-4, Rs. 8, but 9 pies, etc.), weight, measure, distance, dimensions, degrees of latitude, heat or gravity, scores in contests, general statistics, serial numbers, folios, moment of time (4-32 p.m.--use en dash and not hyphen) and for house numbers and addresses. For chemical formula close up without space; use inferior figures when following symbols; as, 2H SO.. For percentages ; as, 45 per cent“no hyphens. For Official years use 1910-11 (en dash) except when there are two ciphers; as, 1899-1900 (never 1901-2). For periods of years when the dash represents and' or 'to’in full, use figures; as, 1910- II (en dash), 1910--15 (em daslı). The latter is, however, better expressed by 1910 10 1915, but copy may be followed by the press. The same principle applies to other numbers; as, Nos. 2460-61, 2469-70 (en dash) and 2460-69 (em dash). Numbers or sums of money employed as qualifiers or adjectives; as, 10-foot rule, 8-story building, 6-inch gun, a 3-maund bag, a 4-anna coin, a 300-rupee typewriter. For paragraph, clause, article, section and rule numbers; as, in section 24, rule 20, etc. (but the nineteenth section); and within parentheses for subsidiary clauses, etc. To be in thick type for Acts and Bills only. [Use full point after I, 2, 3, etc., but not after (1), etc.) For all numbers in tabular statements and enumerations. For Bills; as, Madras Bill No. 2 of 1892. For Acts of Parliament, thus : 33 & 34 Vict., cap. 10, secs. 14 and 15; Geo. III, cap. 6. (See also 'Acts,' and 'Numerals' below). În Indian Law Reports, etc., thus : I.L.R., 16 Mad., 257, etc. For contrast in specifying scriptural text and other authorities and references; as, Genesis xv, 24; Plate III, fig. 6. For votes and ballots; as, 6 for and 10 against. For dates, except in legal documents (use always 12th May. 1914, not May 12, 1914. nor May 12th, 1914); for pages, use 16-17, 322--23, iii-iv (en dash) if subject is continuous from one to the other, but if references are disconnected, then pp. 6, 7; 18-20, 320-26, ii--x (em dash). A good alternative is p. 16 sq. if the reference is to two pages only and pp. 18 sqq. when the reference is to more than a single page following. For numbers in marginal notes and narrow columns, which are usually spelt out in the text. Numerals in capitals- For numbers of Acts and Regulations of Indian Legislatures, books and numerical adjectives after names of monarchs; as, Act VII of 1890, George V (or George the Fifth) not George Vth. For contrast with arabic figures or with letters; as, class II, section 2, group VI, form 6; Appendix H, Enclosure X.

·93 Division of words For Public Works divisions, as, V Circle For headlines in numbering papers in Government orders and Proceedings, also for enclosures, plates, schedules, groups of standardized forms (but not form numbers), volumes, parts and chapters of a work See also 'Exhibits', page 188 For numbering major budget heads under Receipts, as shown under . Abbreviations' NB.--No full point is required after a numeral in an ordinary sentence Numerals in lower case roman and not italics-- For folios of preliminary matter or supplements (without parentheses) For sub-paragraphs, clauses, sections or divisions (between parentheses), the gradation to be preferred is ! (1), (a) for three subsections, etc I (1), (a), I, for four, and I (1), (a), I, (1) for five, with the addition of (A) if more are wanted Greek or roman lower case letters are not to be employed for this purpose Roman numerals in capitals are out of place for the main section, clause or paragraph numbers For quantities in Medical works For contrast with capital numerals and figures Punctuate figures thus 1,975, £23,126,270, Rs 2,31,26 270; for thousands of rupees (omitting 000) Rs 12,26, for rupees (omitting tens) Rx 1,26,27. (Note that punctuation for crores and lakhs applies to rupees only and not to quantities ) No punctuation in year (1895), in GO numbers (No 1268), decimals (10 12), page 1167, or rule 1210 Decimal points to be used for budget figures expressed in lakhs, 78 57 lakhs Omit all commas also in built fractions, as cooo No punctuation is required for numerals, but to facilitatc reading a haur space may separate the groups, as, MDCXIX For numbers in words use commas, as, Two million, one hundred and twenty thousand, three hundred and fifteen One lakh, twenty-three thousand and sixteen rupees were spent DIVISION OF WORDS (a) Division at the end of lines to be avoided as far as possible When a word must be divided, the part left at the end of a line should suggest the remainder which follows in the next line, so the division selected should, if possible, coincide with the pronunciation and the derivation, as photo graph, puritan-ism If this is not feasible, adopt the division which indicates the accent; as photography, abun-dance, inter-est, respon-dent, corro-dible, pre sent (verb), pres-ent (ad) ), criticism, philos-ophy, musi-cal, practi-cal, produc-tive (6) The rule that the division at the end of a linc should indicatc to some extent thc part commencing the next line is of importance in words in which more than one good dorision is admissiblc; as, episco-pal (not cpis-copal), happi-ness (not happiness), cralta-tion, imaginn-tion, but do not divide able' or iblc'in words ending with thosc terminations ·Transliteration 94. + (c) Divide compound words at the junction of their constituent parts; as, spell-bound, story-teller. Do not divide compound or double words' containing a hyphen, except at the compounding hyphens, unless they occur in narrow columns or marginal notes; as, good-looking, roller-maker, not good-look-ing, rol-ler-maker. (d) Divide vernacular words in ordinary type as far as possible 'on the vowel’; as, abhi-shayam, Gokula-shtami. Two consonants not expressing one sound may be divided; as, Heb-bal. (e) With other foreign words follow the rule of the language concerned ; as, correspond-ent (Eng.), correspon-dant (Fr.). (f) Letters representing a single degree, title, service, etc., as K.C.I.E., I.C.S., are not to be divided in any case. (g) A group of figures representing a single amount of money, measurement, etc., and connected signs or symbols ordinarily printed without intervening space, not to be divided, as in 10- S., Rs. 1,500,- 10, £- 5,100, nor should fractional parts be placed in the second line. If this cannot be avoided, the fractions should be treated as separate words; as, for Rs. 14-7-6 use Rs. 14/7 annas and 6 pies; Acs. 1,416'16, Acs. 1,416/and 16 cents. (1) Abbreviations like Rs., p., pp., sec., or No. may in special cases be separated, but they should be placed in the same line as the connected figures if possible. For typographical reasons and to assist legibility avoid the following even when the division is logically correct:- (1) Two-letter divisions such as 'en,' 'de,' 'or,' 'in' except in very narrow measures, and three-letter when admissible only by the addition of 's' to form the plural, as hor-ses, circumstan-ces. (2) Division of words of less than six letters. (3) Division of the last word of a paragraph unless it is of more than four syllables. (4) Divisions at the ends of three or more successive lines. (5) Division at the end of the last line of a page, especially the right-hand page. (6) Divisions in bold display lines : alter the lengths of the lines in headings to avoid such divisions. TRANSLITERATION. Transliteration.--Vernacular names not included in this appendix or in the lists referred to therein or in the Imperial Gazetteer should, as a rule, bê rendered literatim from the current spelling of the same names in the vernacular to which they belong. The orthography prescribed for these names should be scrupulously adhered to. On the other hand when European names and designations are put into the vernacular the characters which represent the sound should be used. The general principle of transliteration is that each letter in the vernacular alphabet should be represented by a fixed letter or combination of letters in the roman alphabet with as few accented or diacritical letters as possible, though in some cases the rule is not applied fully to consonants. The following table is based on this principle, but in many names of places and words of common occurrence the popular spelling is retained, and the marked or accented letters are not employed.

·95 Transliteration Official system of transliteration Roman equi valent Tamil Telugu Cana rese Vala yalam Hindustanı or Urdu Unya Persian Nagan (or Hindi) a NO E* अ ā og es BTg 3TT 1 इ 3 chirr s 2 eno u 2 he u தள ena པ ri 2300 ಯ 3 x H 4 DUJO 200 li * o 3 EU al mo 2 60 e 61 6 al 600) 0 Spa 5P 3 3 3 3 3 ओ 317 au SPOT m a ? . 8 h k kh * # 000 og ano : A. क ख ग ca 2 62 g gh D ch obh B & B B B C ചര 88 3 T C 2 x B & B & 2 & 3 x v x & ow jh e 610 n $1 s Us ट 3 aa a & B & O t th d dh ga 2 S O ơ G3 P2 6 ड 2 20 600r om ण • Is equivalent to a, 1, u + k when initial or doubled 1 Is equivalent to s also ·Transliteration 96 Official system of transliteration cont. Hindu- Tamil, Roman equivalent. Telugu. Cana. rese, Malayalam. stani or. Vriya. Persian. Nagari (or Hindi).. Urdu, وت ct त ef: th d dh द w ध e es & U EX & Ex a [C; n நன р ph a & & & evy a aa a a 3 6 2 3 i oja :) @ @ @ G W D Co Co o Que : फ b ; } e भ bh ; & & & 30 Y य > > र rh un ... J § OU O mm C I $ ex al 7: 8, sh lo ca ही 5T sh మె ش -3 8 OTU 12 स 4 mo c a h ksh ja ts fors BT 64bi su go 28 7033 : : : ज्ञ .. Z 98? فيز ذ ز ض ط zh (je) وما . + G C no NOTE.-At the beginning of a word , may be represented by au, ou, or u, and is by ai, c, i, or y. Persian letters, and ws are occasionally vowels or consonapls; \, when a consonant, is said to be a slight aspirate, has the power of vor w, and is that of y. In Hindustani, etc., the apostrophe' is prefixed to a vowel without space to indicate the addition of E to the vowel. In older systems it is represented by the circumflex mark A, e. The hyphen is used to represent a phonetic connexion as Abd-ul-'ali-for Abdul'ali as pronounced ; Zain-ul-'abidin, Zain-ul'abidin.

·97 Transliteratior System commonly used for other languages. Roman Grantha equivalent character Gujarati Marathi Karthi (in Nagan) (of Hindi) | Bengalı. Arabic B অ 五班 341 #E pl-(tinal) d-(final) a > 1 oto -(final) u 2 ri ri 83 A. வள i. ai yol 0 Ū श्रो श्रो &u por m O do क kh 22) 8 51 NI gh un घ $ E 1 24 च ch chh El j ज a set of 88 & 23 3) a to SA ti द 6 th * Is equn alent to e also. Egideb transliterated would be halla. NOTF.-Beforeia labial the Anuspara is erpressed by m.' 13 ·Transliteration 98 System commonly used for other languages-cont. Roman Grintha equivalent. character. Gujarati. Marathi Kaithi (in Nagari). (or Hindi). Bengali. Arabic. dh १७ द 7 5 3 ७ m ண H न t त ॥ th 49 थ थ थ २ ... d ६ to ६ .. dh . ધ ध વે ६ atb ... B ... n ન न 61 न ७ . p ५ प भ ५ શું pb is फ ... १ दश b 6mJ વે bh ભ । 4 4G AA m भ म ல 7 म ५. y य य r 0 २ र 62. લ 0 न व व લે त ५ . 2 : 33 8 श ग 8 ஷ ५ ष स म 8 સ स स ஹ है & श् . ४-८ ksh GP ક્ષ क्ष ja ज्ञ ... Z .. ... f क्ष Pronounced as dth in 'width.' † This letter to be omitted at the end of words, thus dzlo would be Hodajda, except before a following vowel, when it has the sound of t, e.g., Dino Medina, siltārde Medinet-un-nabi.

·99 Transliteration Quarterly Catalogue system --To ensure uniformity the following deviations from the official system are permitted .- n instead of n for a famil and equivalents in other vernaculars ch , C 33 12 ţ 12 11 n n ) n r r 91 t do Telugu and equivalents in other vernaculars th th d d dh dh som Tamil and equivalents in other vernaculars 60T Tamil » po Tamil and equivalents in other vernaculars „Tamil, also s Malayalam * Telugu and equivalents in other vernaculars S m for o Uriya and its equivalents, also Nagarı h : Uriya and its equivalents, also Nagari 11, * Nagari and its equivalents in other vernaculars Tl, F BYT 7 77 > S $ > 7) 9) 13 بك JI 1) t instead of t for Hindustanı 8 S. h kh kh,, d d Z rh 8 S Z z t t 13 7 r 97 o Won ning sal wo wo 11 ) 2 Z 13 9) 1 ) gh, k Oriental Manuscripts publications - The system to be followed for catalogues to preserve uniformity with those of other provinces differs from the quarterly catalogue system in the following rinstead of ri for #Nagari and its equivalents r ri 1) 1 ?? n n ܝܝܕ ) 67 Tamil and its equivalents 657 Tamil Tamil, also Malayalam equivalent Tamil and Telugu as Sanskrit, with sounds indicated by special symbols as below according to value Gutturals k kh g gh ohh Palatals c ch j jh n, sibilants y Ś Linguals t th d dh n r8, also l e ri for Telugu Dentals t th d dh n Is also I li for Telugu Labials p ph b bh m vh, also h for Telugu Vowels a a r r_1__ Telugu u for û Diphthongs e ai ö au (and special characters y 1 or 1, pr] 1 ·Transliteration ico Archæological Publications system. The following modifications of the general scheme may be adopted :- ů instead of ń for z Nagari and corresponding characters in other vernaculars and of Nagari; ñ instead of n for Nagari and its equivalents; t th th d ah dh ņ ولد > >> ho to to to > n S 81 72 3 . n n 1 1 GOT gi Ị for Nagari ; ph for Nagari. m for · (Anusvāra) Nagari and Uriya and its equivalents. over the letter nasalized for . (Anunāsika) Nagari, as in talē. ḥ for: (Visarga) Nagari and 3 Uriya and its equivalents. h for Jihvā mūlīya, also Upadhmānīya (Visarga itself, when followed by its or 7., is called Jihvāmūlīya or Upadhmāniya, respectively. r instead of r for p Tamil and its equivalents. 607 Tamil. Tamil, also Malayalam. a (superior) instead of a for medial short silent vowels. Madras University linguistic works-(i) Tamil.--The following racters to be used :--c for ; h: for o; k for $; 1 for w; for I for 4; m for 40; n for 16; il for Q; ñ for ; ? for 600 ; n for ; P for w; r for r; r for ; t for s; ț for m; v for av; y for w. (ii) Sanskrit, Special transliteration.-n instead of n for 3; c for ch, 7; ch for chh, 5; ñ for n, 7; Ś for s, 7; ț for t, 2; țh for th, d for d, ; dh for dh, a; n for n, ; for sh, ; 1 for l, os; ks for ksh, #; jñ for jn, şt; ſ for ri, #s; ſ for ri, 7 ; I for li, et; Visarjanīya, h; Jihvā mūlīya, h; Upadhmānīya, h; Anusvāra, m for m. (iii) Phonetic Symbols.mi for non-syllabic i; u for non-syllabic u; i extra short i ; ŭ extra short u. y voiced back nasal y in MS. ; palatal nasal N bilabial fricative v dental fricative guttural fricative g е open e, as in hat; æ: corresponding long vowel; æ corresponding nasalized vowel; a indeterminate vowel, as in 'below'; 5 the sound of o in ‘more.'; 5: corresponding long vowel ; corresponding nasalized vowel. for nasalized a; į for nasalized ā; į for nasalized i; į for nasalized i ; 1 for nasalized u; for nasalized ū. ; n DA OX G f ·101 Transliteration Linguistic Survey systein.--This may be employed under special sanction when detailed scientific accuracy is desirable. It utilizes the characters used for the Catalogue of books and Archäological publications above, in addition to the following:- h for Arabic as adapted to Hindustani. 13 dzh 3 13 zh 3 'in addition to a, a, us for E Arabic as adapted to Hindustani, also for semi-consonants in Munda, as k', t', p', etc. for at beginning of a word; omit elsewhere. a instead of a for Alif-i maqsura, Arabic as adapted to Hindustani. ts instead of ts for Marathi, etc., also tsh for aspirate. dz dz zh or g for .). Pushto according to pronunciation. gh or ķh for d and dd for $ and do Sindhi. i and n for 3 and Sindhi. t and th for and á and acute accents for accented syllables. a, ă, , ö, i, th and dh for sounds not provided for above which occur in writing phonetically languages like Bengali. å, , , n or m for % Telugu according to position. ã in Korvi. ei instead of ai for 8 Tamil and corresponding characters in other vernaculars. for letter not pronounced. ļi instead of l for Nagari and allied characters. > r 8 प 91 . 0 sh Ananda Ranga Pillai's diary.–Follows the official system, except that the circumflex vowels (a, etc.) are used instead of the long symbol ä, etc. Imperial Gacetteer system.-Vowels: a has the sound of a in woman'; a has the sound of a in 'father'; e has the vowel sound in 'grey'; i has the sound of i in'pin'; i has the sound of i in police o has the sound of o in bone', u has the sound of u in buil'; a has the sound of u in 'flute'; ai has the vowel sound in mine'; au has the vowel sound in 'house.' No attempt is made to distinguish between the long and short sounds of e and o in Dravidian languages, which possess the vowel sounds in 'bet' and 'hot'in addition to those given above. Nor are vowels marked as long in cases where mistakes in pronunciation are not likely to be made. Consonants: Most Indian languages have different forms for a number of consonants, such as d, l, r, etc., marked in scientific works by the use of dots or italics. But this system notes only the following: the Arabic k, a strong guttural, is represented by k instead of q which is often used. Secondly, it should be remarked that aspirated consonants are common; and in particular, dh and th (except in Burma) never have the sound of th in 'this' or 'thin,' but should be pronounced as in 'boathook' and 'woodlouse.'

·Punctuation TO2 Burmese and some of the languages on the frontier of China have the following special sounds :- aw has the vowel-sound in 'law'; ö and ü are pronounced as in German; ģy is pronounced almost like j in 'jewel'; ky is pronounced almost like ch in'church'; th is pronounced in some cases as in 'this,' in others as in 'thin'; w after a consonant has the force of uw. Thus, ywa and pwe are disyllables, pronounced as if written yuwa and puwe. The names of some places.g., Calcutta, Bombay, Lucknow, Cawnpore-have obtained a popular fixity of spelling, while special forms have been officially prescribed for others. The Burma Government system is not strictly transliterationthe object is to represent the sound rather than the spelling of Burmese words. The only diacritical marks used are the long accent ē to represent the naukpyit vowel sound, and the circumflex Ô when the vowel is followed by a final consonant. In addition to its ordinary use to distinguish the component parts of compound names, the hyphen is used to separate letters when a vowel might be mistakenly pronounced; as, Kya-in. An apostrophe may also be inserted when the pronunciation of a word as transliterated is contracted; as, Pa'daung for Pandaung. The Cingalese system uses the circumflex - instead of the long - for the vowels and the following additional diacritical letters: a, â, ḥ, rî, li, li, ii, , ñ, t, th, d, db, d, s, ş, ü, ḥ, ng, nj, nd, wd, mb. For ordinary publications copy need not be followed, and all except the vowel markings may be omitted. PUNCTUATION. Punctuation is essentially a guide to meaning, so the best principle is to use only such points as are necessary to show the real meaning at a glance by separating words into groups, and by indicating the relations between groups, though some conventional uses of punctuation marks must be followed. Avoid ' stiff' or close' pointing in all works; but as the opinions of authors differ, the copy is to be followed when requested and when it appears that attention has been paid to the matter in the manuscript. In other cases and when several writings appear in one publication, the special features noted below in cases where differences of style are permissible or mistakes are common should be followed. Punctuation marks should not ordinarily be used after large display lines, nor in legal documents or agreements, but copy is to be followed when the author's intention is not clear or when so ordered, as in the case of High Court notifications, and in reprints of original extracts, letters and quotations placed within quotation marks even if the points appear to be incorrect. THE COMMA, Commas are used in a sentence generally to mark off adjuncts, phrases and clauses, non-restrictive adjectives, phrases, participles, participial phrases, adverbial phrases and clauses, and appositional and parenthetical expressions; also usually to separate all consecutive elements of a sentence which might be read together erroneously or which might momentarily bear a wrong interpretation; as, While the nien were eating (,) an elephant escaped from travelling circus.

·103 The Comma A comma is inserted after each word, phrase or group in a series, except after the last immediately preceding 'and,''or' or but closely connected; as, A man, a boy and a girl were present; a hot, wet and disagreeable month; energy and perseverance, commonsense aud judgment, are required for success. But when there is no connecting word between the last two or when there is a contrast the comma is used; as, A man, a boy, a girl, were present; a hot, wet, but disagreeable month; he insisted gently, firmly, but kindly. If the words in a series are adjectives preceding and qualifying the same noun and not connected by a conjunction they are separated from one another though not from the noun by commas; as, A fine, young bird; an unexpected, extraordinary, uncalled-for departure; a bold, bad man. When the adjective or other word qualifies or modifies the one following or is intimately bound up in sense with the noun no comma is necessary; as, A bright young man; a grand old English farmer. The omission of the comma after' and 'or' or 'mentioned above is not universal, many authors preferring to use it after the last word in any series whether closely connected by a conjunction or not; as, A hot, wet, and disagreeable month. Copy will be followed if the comma is inserted; if the punctuation is left to the press the point should be omitted. Synonyms or explanations connected by 'or' are however cut off by commas in all cases; as, He contracted myopia, or shortsightedness, which interferes with his work; they like jaggery, or bazaar molasses, too well. In other cases it is omitted; as, Owing to carelessness or shortsightedness he missed the target; he steals jaggery or rice if he can get it. An introductory phrase or clause before a quotation, an enumeration, or an observation resembling a quotation, requires a comma after it, uniess the introduction is formal or disconnected when the colon is used. A comma should precede such introductory words, etc., as namely, to wit, that is, e.g., i.e., viz., and conclude the following clause, making the whole a parenthesis. This applies to summaries and conclusions, also to such words and phrases as the following and kindred terms which usually require a comma after them at the beginning of a sentence and to be cut off by commas in other positions: firstly, moreover, nevertheless, at the same time, at all events, at least, at any rate, as a matter of fact, as a rule, in fact, in short, in conclusion, for instance, on the other hand, on the whole, on the contrary, besides (when not a preposition), however (except when used restrictively, i.e., when it can be omitted without affecting the sense), etc. It is used after the complimentary introduction and the nominative of address; as, John, carry the water here. Dear Sir, My Friend, etc. It is used to separate a name from the official designation, title, degrees or their abbreviations, etc.; also between the parts of addresses. It is unnecessary after the number of a house or street, and after the day or month in dates, or between the description and number in orders, proceedings, letters, etc.; as, 150 Mount Road, Madras; GO. No. 20, Public, dated 20th January 1916; B.P. No. II (Land Revenue), dated 5th August 1895. .

·The Semicolon 104 The comma is not to be used at the end of lines in tabular matter or before leaders. It is used before a dash after a complimentary address run on with the text, when the comma that would be required if the introductory words appeared in a separate line is retained before the dash; as, My Lord,--It is, I submit, quite true. For further uses of the comma, see under 'Figures,' 'Dash,' and Colon.' THE SEMICOLON. The Semicolon is used principally in the following cases :- In a compound sentence when the second member denotes inference, explanation, etc., connected by a conjunction; as, It is sheer waste of time to try to convince him; for he is a selfopinionated man. When several successive clauses have a common connexion with the preceding; as, The Honourable Member was of opinion that four additional men should be appointed; that the bill should be discussed after two months; and that the opinion of the public should be invited beforehand. For independent clauses with the connecting word omitted ; as, Straws swim upon the surface; pearls lie at the bottom. For clauses subdivided into smaller portions by commas, or in enumerations, etc., to indicate a grouping relationship where the comma is usually sufficient; as, The chief products are the following: wheat, rice and oats; potatoes, beets, beans; butter and cheese; groundnuts; iron ; etc. Before such words as 'namely,' 'that is,' 'as,' 'viz.,''to wit,'. introducing an example or statement; as, Its contents can be divided into three sections; that is, displayed advertisement, title page, ornamental composition. This use is purely conventional. Where such clauses commence with (I), (2), (a), (b), etc., either run on or printed as a sub-paragraph commencing with a lower-case letter, they should be separated by semicolons, and by a semicolon before the conjunction, if any, at the end of the penultimate clause. See example under 'Colon. The semicolon to be used also to avoid ambiguity in enumerations with addresses, qualifying titles, etc., run on in paragraph form where the comma would suffice if designations, addresses, etc., were not appended; as, There were present: The Rev. Dr. Gell, Bishop of Madras; Mr. A. Thompson, a solicitor; his son, a vakil;' M.R.Ry. V. Ramaswami Chetti, a Madrasi; and the Collector of Madras, Mr. S. F. Joyce. With commas only, this might specify nine persons instead of five. THE COLON. The Colon is ordinarily used in a sentence introducing an argument, example, quotation, saying or speech (when run on with the subject matter); generally after such words as 'as follows;' these words,' to sum up,' thus,' etc., and where these words are implied but not expressed; as, Three nations adopted this law : England, France and Italy. After words marking a new stage in an argument such as, to proceed, to resume, etc. To separate clauses one of which raises an expectation from the other or which expresses comparison or contrast without a ·TOG The Period connecting word; as, Cowards die many times: the valiant never taste of death. On title-pages between the place of publication and the name of the publisher; as, Madras: Edward Press, Georgetown, but not for index side headings, for which use full point or comma according to the original sense; as, Jones, Mr. A., Appointing - Superintendent of Prisons. Pensions. Revised rules for --, After viz., i.e., e.g., etc., introducing an explanation; as, There are three ways of accomplishing the object; viz. : (1) by increasing the funds at our disposal ;-(2) adding some more members to the committee; and (3) by strenuous work in future. Before a quotation, speech, or enumeration run on in the same paragraph; as, Shelley wrote the following: " All of us who are worth anything spend our manhood in unlearning the follies of our youth." If the quotation, statement, speech, etc., commences a new paragraph or follows in a separate line add a dash to the colon; as, The following figures prove this:-- THE PERIOD. The Period or Full point is used (a) At the end of a complete sentence of whatever length which is not of an interrogatory or exclamatory nature, or interrupted. (6) After abbreviated English words which represent the original sound, to denote omission; as, Mr., Dr., Rev. When the contraction affects the sound or the initial or final letters or figures of English words it is indicated by the apostrophe; as, can't, 'twill, tho'. See 'Apostrophe'(a). All abbreviations or contractions of words of foreign origin are shown by the full point; as, op. cit., viz. Note that names like Tom and Will may be either full words or abbreviations. (c) After letters or initials representing words, names, designations, titles, services, degrees, phrases, etc.; as, T.C. Smith, D.S.O., M.B., I.C.S., e.g., p.m. (d) After figures and numerals as paragraph or section numbers or headings, and in budget headings; as, I. Land Revenue; 30. Stationery and Printing. (e) Before a dash in side-headings and after extracts when authorities, etc., are quoted at the end. (f) After words or phrases transposed or inverted in dockets and indexes if the point would be inserted when the words were in their natural order; as, Connemara Library. Annual report of the (8) The point is inverted to represent decimals; as, 1956, oʻ04, Rs. 60*10. Hours and minutes to be separated by the en dash; as, 1-56 p.m.; also fractions of money; as, Rs. 60-1-5. (1) The decimal point is also used in a special sense to indicate fractions in budget figures expressed in lakhs; as, Rs. 55-43 lakhs. The period is not to be inserted except as a punctuation mark (I) After signs, special characters, figures, chemical or other symbols fully representing omitted letters; as, £20, 23rd, 12mo, lb (but lb.), H.O. (2) After initial letters, etc., as headings in indexes and similar works.

·The Dash 106 (3) After the last figure or word in a line in tabular statement or column matter, whether followed by leaders or not; nor in long lists of names, words or examples. (4) After sine, log, cosine, tan in mathematical works (though they are contractions). (5) At the ends of display lines in title pages, half titles, nor at the end of page headlines, after chapter, section or part number at ends of headlines, cross headings, and running titles, if the meaning is equally clear without them. (6) After numerals or figures for paragraph or section numbers enclosed within parentheses, nor for page numbers. (7) After roman numerals in the text; as, Chapter XII, Matt. XI, 6; Henry VII, etc. The point is required only after numerals as ordinals; as, Edward VII's reign; but it is better to spell out in such cases. (8) After letters when used for enumeration or illustration or reference marks; as, appendix B; Rooms A to P; He inspected G, H and I Companies. (9) After ordinary or superior or inferior letters or figures used as reference marks, THE DASH. The Dash is used principally in the following cases : To mark a sudden change, irregularity, or break in the continuity of thought in ordinary sentences; as, Then he said-what do you think he'said? To indicate a marked pause, hesitancy, or stammering speech; as, I will--no-I will not-that is I To separate purely parenthetical remarks or explanations which appear to be too disconnected to be cut off from what precedes by commas, and yet have closer grammatical connexion than would be required if the parenthesis mark were used. The mark that would be required if the matter set off by dashes were omitted are sometimes inserted before the dashes. To separate clauses summarizing or explaining those which precede, or repetitions and amplifications of the same statement; as, He lost hope, wealth, friends in fact everything but honour. At the end of an introductory paragraph which precedes a remark, statement, quotation, etc., or which is followed by subparagraphs or clauses without connecting words, such as 'the following.' To separate the side-heading at the commencement of a paragraph from the subject-matter (with a period before the dash), also if run on in the same line after the complimentary salutation in a letter or an address (preceded by a comma), and after such words as Order, Resolution, Reference, etc., in Proceedings. It is not to be used after paragraph or section numbers, nor after index sideheads, for which the usual space is sufficient after a full point. Numerals, figures and initial letters for enumerations followed by the description in headlines are treated as side-headings and require full point and dash; as, Part IV.-Proceedings of the Madras Legislature, B._Statements of Objects and Reasons. Between a question and its answer if in the same line, but not between such words or their abbreviations Q. or A. (with or without a number) and the query or reply. This conventional use is adopted ·107 The Apostrophe when other paragraphs are run on in the same line and not in paragraph form, to economize space, as in indexes, catalogues etc Between the end of a quotation, extract or statement, and the name of the author, act, book, or other authority after a period if in the same line, also without a point after a headline before such words or abbreviations, as, cont , etc After such words as Read, Letter, To, Dated, and No in headings to Government orders or proceedings, no full point to be added Also (without other points) after substitute, add deduct omit, etc, if the words or figures follow in a separate line The addition of the dash to another point is to be avoided (except as mentioned under 'comma,' and for paragraph sideheadings) and no punctuation mark should follow the dash used for normal purposes The colon with a dash is used as a special exception between a Honourable Member's name and his speech The two points are required together in no other cases when run on in the same line, but they may be used if the connected matter at the end of the sentence follows in another line The dash is also specially employed In the place of 'and' (short or half em) in numbers and dates, as 1905-06, For 'to' (ordinary or one em length), as, Nos 2038-192 1905-15, Between initials and dates after in 'notes', as, GS --26-1-12 In standardized forms , as, Group IX, 239 (a)-1,000--16 I 15, For connecting subsidiary letters or numbers, as, 276/1104-R 664/10-3, Also to denote incremental stages in pay, as, Rs 50--10--80 (see also ‘Figures') It is used with a space on either side to represent the principal words, phrases or transposed subject matter, in abstracts of Government orders, letters and proceedings, in dockets, indexes and lists of contents, as, Rest house, Approving the proposal for erecting a - at Chingleput (see also ‘Repetition') A long dash is used when a sentence is interrupted, or left unfinished, or when a name, remark or date or part thereof is purposely omitted, as, I believe that you are but why should I explain, LdCn and Mr are at the bottom of the mischief, He exclaimed When letters only are represented by the dash it should not be separated by spaces from the rest of the word > THE APOSTROPHE The Apostrophe is usually employed- (a) To indicate the omission of letters or figures in contractions when the original pronunciation is altered, etc as, I've, o'er, 'Twas in '49 (1849) on a winter's night (6) It is also used in Irish names, as O'Brien, O'Connor Scotch names usually have the turned comma, as, Mc'Dougall in cases of doubt use the apostrophe (c) In addition to s for plurals of letters, figures and words, as, Ten RE's built it, mind your p's and q's 6's and 9's, there are several who's in the sentence ·Parentheses 108 (d) To indicate the possessive singular, actual or implied, and the plural when ending in any other letter than 's,' the apostrophe and the letter s ('s) are added; as, The King's horses; a Collector's charge; man's body; men's bodies. Use the singular form for such expressions as, Three baker's dozens, ten miner's inches, if the hyphen is not used. (c) For the possessive plural, it is placed after s; as, Dogs' tails ; Tamil Collectors' duties; fingers' ends ; Agriculturists' Loans Act. (f) The possessive case should be used also in the case of nouns denoting time, space and weight, and in the case of a society or committee when it is composed of or is for the classes or persons named; as, The Madras Landholders' Association. (g) For the sake of euphony, the apostrophe only and no s is added when the word in the singular ends in s, ss, ce soft, etc.; as, For conscience' sake, His Highness' dominions, Mr. Davis' special duty is extended. When the omission is likely to cause ambiguity or when the additional s is distinctly sounded insert the 's; as, Burns's, Princess's jewels. (1) It is used as a mark of elision in foreign words and names; as, Duc d'Aumale. (i) It is also employed to assist transliteration of vowel sounds in Persian, Arabic and cognate languages. The apostrophe is not required (1) after a personal name attached to a building, road, canal, etc., as a compliment, memorial or distinction; as, Ampthill Road, Ripon Buildings, Harris College, Breeks Memorial School, Pophams Broadway, Rundalls Road. The 's after such names usually denotes original or present ownership; as, Shephard's School, Mackay's Gardens. (2) For possessive pronouns ending in s; as, Ours, yours, hers, his, its, theirs, nor for the contractions canst, shouldst and wouldst. (3) It is also incorrect to insert the apostrophe in such cases as the following where no sense of possession can be implied : Infectious Diseases Act, Companies Act, Additional Curates Society. PARENTHESES. Parentheses are used primarily for enclosing words commenting, modifying or explaining some part of a sentence into which they are thrust with little, if any, grammatical connexion. The marks of parenthesis are inserted only if such interpolations or remarks are made by the author of the text; as, I refused to give him (the head clerk) what he wanted. If added by some one other than the original writer the parenthetical portion should be enclosed within brackets, though the interruption in the sentence may be such as would ordinarily require the parentheses or dashes. To enclose an authority, reference, definition or explanation ; as, There are reasons (vide G.O. No. 22, Public, dated 22nd August 1910) for the remarks (Hear, hear!) which I made yesterday. To distinguish numbers, enumerating or classifying letters of sub-paragraphs, sections or clauses; as, (2), (ii), (c) or such letters or figures used as reference marks. In certain catalogues of books for the place of publication and the name of publisher, with brackets for the library number if following the name.

·169 Brackets Goneral.-In ordinary sentences'any point required at the place of interruption independently of the parenthetical clause or remark should be placed after the closing parenthesis or bracket mark, with the usual punctuation for other parts of the sentence within the parentheses. Thus, a complete sentence within parentheses or brackets requires the full point before the closing mark. BRACKETS. Brackets are used ordinarily- To enclose the first of two explanatory or modifying portions of a sentence when parenthesis marks are used for the subordinate parenthetical clause; as, (vide G.O. No. 870 (copy enclosed)]. In ordinary sentences the main digression requires a land the subordinate(.). Parentheses within parentheses are to be avoided. To point out words and phrases which are not those of the original writer or speaker, particularly in quotations. They thereforc enclose explanatory notes, comments, corrections, omitted or de-coded words in telegrams, interruptions, applause, translations or remarks of another writer or added subsequently, if run on with the text, in fact anything not in the original paper; as, I refused to give him (He means the head clerk) what he wanted. The President (after waiting): "The Hon'ble member from Ganjam [Mr. Ramachandra Rao) is not ready ſa pause) so we will adjourn." In this example, the portions within brackets have been inserted by the reportcr; if the name were set off by parentheses it would indicate that it was mentioned in the speech. For words to be substituted, directions as to the mode of filling in forms, and ‘[sic],' [?], etc., inserted to call attention to an error or doubtful statement. In Secretariat notes which are initialled only by an Honourable Member, the remainder of the surname is added within brackets, as H. G. S(TOKES). Single brackets are used to cut off disconnected words, etc., at the cnds of lines, such as before catchwords at the foot of a page and before words turned over at the end of a line instead of at the beginning, to save space in verse and in indexes. Before or after headings, dates, sections, part or chapter numbers cut off from the title or name at the ends of headlines, etc. No full point at end is required in such cases, Before authorities printed at the end of separate lincs, as in correction slips, also in similar places for dates of passing of Acts. For prices as in list of papers placed on Editors' table, and at foot of title pages. QUOTATION MARKS. Double marks (“ "') to be used (a) to enclose all quotations or extracts reprinted with the exact words of the original in the text, with single marks for a quotation within matter already enclosed in double quotation marks, and again double marks for a quotation inside the second quotation. (6) Titics of books, articles, poems, plays, pictures, the names of vessels, airships, acroplancs, etc., the subject of notes, etc., ·Quotation marks ti referred to in the text of another paper to have double quotation marks. If in italic or other distinctive type no quotation marks are to be used. (See also 'Italic' and 'Law Reports.') (c) In Legislative Council Proceedings, use double quotation marks at the beginning of a speech, at the beginning of each paragraph in which it is continued, and at the end of the last. Single marks ') to be used (d) For a quotation within another already enclosed by double marks. (e) For letters, words or phrases which may not be exact quotations but are used by way of emphasis, example or contrast. (f) For foreign, vernacular, uncommon, slang or technical terms when printed in ordinary type unless occurring in lists. (g) For titles of subjects, headings, etc., when referred to in the text, particularly when emphasis or contrast with the name of the work within double marks is desired. (1) The quotation marks--double or single-are to be placed at the beginning of each paragraph of the extracted matter and at. the end only. They are not to be repeated at the beginning of each line in a paragraph or run-on text, except in legal works and proceedings and Law Reports. (i) Each part of a quotation when interrupted should begin and end with quotation marks. Punctuation of quotations. All points belonging to the quotation should come before the closing apostrophes, and other points should follow them according to the sense, except that, for typographical convenience, the full point and comma are printed before the closing apostrophes even if they do not form part of the quotation. The first turned commas are usually preceded by a colon or if in a separate line by a colon and a dash, but other marks may be needed according to the closeness of the connexion, as, He observed It is not right to libel a man." He observed as follows: "It is not right to libel a man. Quotation marks are not required- (I) For question and answer in evidence before committees courts, etc. (2) For letters, quotations, extracts, etc., printed separately as enclosures or appendices. (3) For a précis, summary or extract where the exact words are not repeated or where the tense or person has been altered. (4) For quotations, extracts, words or phrases in italic, non roman or vernacular characters. (5) For exact quotations distinguished by being set in a typ smaller than the text or by a special indention. (6) For poetry if in separate lines, but if it runs on with th prose use quotation marks. (7) For the subject of cross references in annual and othe Indexes. (8) For names of sacred books, titles of reports, pen name names of characters, and for vessels, aeroplanes, etc., distinguishe by numbers. (9) In catalogues and lists for titles of books and other name which ordinarily have single or double quotation marks, ·General notes a ewe GENERAL NOTES. A or An.--A to be used before words beginning with a con: sonant, aspirated 'h' or a vowel having a consonant sound as the 'y'in 'union' and 'w' in 'one.' An is used before a word commencing with other vowels or a silent 'h'; it may also be used before a sounded 'h'followed by an unaccented syllable, but this use is becoming uncommon, The following are examples :- a eulogy a humble a useful a euphony a one-sided a usurper a European a oneness a Utopian a unanimity an habitual a ewer a unanimous an heir a herb a unicorn an heirloom a herbal a uniform an historical a heroic a union an honest a honorarium a unique an honour a hope a unison an hotel, -keeper a horse a unit an hour, -glass a hospital a universe, -al, -ity Acts.--Quotations of the names of Acts to follow the 'Short titles' given in the "List of Acts and Regulations," published annually by the Legislative Department, omitting the initial definite article; as Police Act, 1861 ; Land Improvement Loans (Amend. ment) Act, 1889. For style when number is quoted see Abbreviations. Botanical names and economic products: follow the spelling of the scientific names in the Madras Agricultural Department Bulletin No. 24, or "List of Trees and Woody Climbers," 1914. If they do not appear therein, follow the “ Dictionary of Economic Products of India or "Hooker's Flora of British India." The vernacular equivalents given in all these publications must however be modified to agree with those in this Manual and with the official trans. literation, particularly in the substitution of the long vowel for the acute wherever it occurs and in giving preference to the popular spelling, such as cholam for shólam. Dates shall ordinarily be for calendar years. If given for fasli or other special year, the corresponding calendar year and the day and name of English month shall also be given within parentheses. Figures are not to be printed instead of months, except in Secretariat notes. When abbreviated dates are added to signatures or initials, the year as well as the day and month are to be shown (see also Figures' and 'Abbreviations'). Ellipsis.--Indicate omission (1) of part of a word by a short dash; (2) of words in a paragraph by three full points separated by an em space (including the last point, if any), (3) of whole paragraphs, etc., by a full line of asterisks (six for 35 ems size and thrce for half size) with equal space between. Omissions in Editors' table editions of Government orders may be indicated by asterisks, if not otherwise marked Indexes and alphabetical lists.--Hindu names to be arranged according to the personal names.

·General notes I 12 * * a Languages. Observe the following order in arranging matil in lists, indexes or appendices: (1) English, (2) Tamil, Telugu (4) Canarese, (5) Malayalam, (6) Hindustani, (7) Triya; any ozhe to follow alphabetically. Mathematical work.--Print the lower case letters injinlics and ti capitals in roman. The whole matter should be centrid it is separate lines, the symbols being ranged one below the other, br if part has to be taken over to the next line the break a mada hefor an ang or + sign; a thick space to separate the signs íroin th: quantities. Whole numbers need not be punctuated; as 13500 DO 13,500. Reference inarks.Ordinary figures or letters -shor id nut be eni ployed for this purpose as they lead to ambiguity. Uso:,, 1, $, Tin order given; duplicate these when there are more than six motus as **, ii, etc.; for more than twelve ușe three, asl" ; Superio figures may however be employed if the references are very numerous and run throughout the work but never fní inathematica work. Reference marks are to be placed, as regards punctuation, accord ing to the sense. If a single word, say, is extracted and referre! to, the reference inust be placed immediately after the work extracted and before the punctuation mark. But if an extract bi made which includes a complete sentence or paragtiph, then th: reference mark should be placed outside the last putctuation mark Repetition of words to be indicated by double commas if al lines can be indented to keep the words for which the commas air substituted clear of other matter without waste of pace. Wher this cannot be done, ‘Do. to be used for repeater remarks and descriptive matter longer than six letters. 'Ditto is not io be substituted in any case. Figures are to be repeated acept in dais lines, also words and abbreviations of less than sixetters. For indexes and contents space obtained by exla indention is the best substitute for the side-heading. Long dashes form-17" ir vogue to represent 'do.' are not to be used. In such indexca, ctc. which are re-made up and issued in more than one for the subjec heads are to be repeated in full in all cases. Reprints.-The 'style' as to spelling, capitals, etc. of repiintec orders, letters, reports, etc., connected with a Govermeni order Board's Proceedings or similar paper is to be made uniform accord. ing to these memoranda, but when such papers arc reprinted separately the style of the original to be followed. Reprints of Acts, Bills and Notifications of other Covernncnis. and the manuscripts of Old Records, Indexes, Petitions, Examination Lists and Electoral rolls to be followed exactly even as to misspellings. Rulework.--Except in blank job forms, columr: lines are not required (I) for matter consisting of three columns and less : ito separate annas and pies column, lb. and oz., s. and., acres dia cents, etc. Special expressions.--The expression 'Indian Christian' to ho used instead of 'Native Christian' in all official respondenuo and returns but, as it is advisable that the words of Acts sirould ic adhered to until the law is amended, such words as 'Native Christians' occurring in marriage licence notifications and similar works should not be altered.

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·they Law Reports 114 Decisions or findings of other courts, in whole or part, extract from Acts, books, or reported cases to have double quotation mar" at the commencement and end but not at the beginning of é line. Passages in High Court judgments marked to be under quota to have double side quotations at the beginning of each line. Interruptions or questions of judges, etc., to be in bracke (without quotation marks) with the name of the judge in smai capitals. All names of books, treatises, etc., to be within single quotati: marks. Names of counsel employed to be in italics with 'and' roman, unless forming part of the name of a firm when ampersand (&) in italics should be used; names of cases cited to be in italics. Foreign words and phrases to be in italics, except those in common use; but in the italic introductory notes to be in roman. Ordinary vernacular words to be in roman; but those of rare occurrence when followed by a parenthetical explanation to be within single quotation marks. Names of judges and other persons mentioned in the text to b in ordinary type. The nature of suits and petitions, e.g., Original Suit, Civil Revision Petition, etc., when accompanied with numbers in the text to begin with capital letters. All numbers above ten to be in figures, unless they represen money, dates, sections, rules, articles of Acts, books or judgments; but ordinal numbers to be spelt out, as 'fifth defendant,''twentysecond appellant,' etc. Copy to be followed in the spelling of the names of suitors, of people and places except when they are not uniform in a case. Abbreviations such as the following to be adopted :- J. for Judge, C.J. for Chief Justice, JJ. for Judges, I.L.R. foi Indian Law Reports, Calc. for Calcutta, Mad. for Madras, Bom. foi Bombay, All. for Allahabad, Hon. for Honourable, etc. Quote English Statutes as follows:--11 & 12 Vict., cap. 87; don't repeat the word “chapter." In Letters Patent substitute 'article' for the word 'clause 'oi section.' The words ' section' or 'sections,' 'schedule' and ' article,' to be printed in full unless preceded by name of any Act or regulation in the brevier introductory notes, when they are abbreviated. Footnotes to cases cited to be in brevier in centre, but footnotes to cases reported to have ordinary reference marks and to precede others at foot of page. Numbers of reference to cases cited to begin afresh within parentheses on each page. The following words to begin with capitals wherever they may occur:--High Court, Appellate Side (but higher and lower Court) Appellate Court, Small Cause Court (but small cause side), City Civil Court, Counsel, Judge, District Judge, Subordinate Judge, District Munsif, Magistrate, Sub-Magistrate, etc.

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