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·REPORT
ON THE ADMINISTRATION
OF THE
BIKANER STATE
FOR
1944-45.
(1ST NOVEMBER 1944 TO 31ST OCTOBER 1945)

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·Administration Report of the Bikaner State for the year 1944-45. CONTENTS. Pages 2-8 8 ... .. 10-16 16-17 17 17-19 13-20 20-21 21-22 ... 23-38 33-43 CHARTER I.-Introductory. Panas. 1, Bikaner State, past and present. 1.6 2. Reigning Dynasty. 7-3: 3. Present Ruler 33 4, Gorernment of Ilis Higbness the Malaraja 3+ CHAPTER IT -General and Political. 1. Principal Events 1-16 2. Imperial Honours and Titles in the State 19-20 3. Honours and Titles conferred by I110 Highness the Maliarija 21-23 4 Distinguished Visitors 24-27 5. His Highdess' Tours and Visito 28-SO 6 His Higliness' Speeches and Messages 31-32 7. Important clanges in the Personnel 38-39 CHARTER III.-The War Efort 1. The War Effort 1-53 2. Civil Supplies and Price Control 56-74 3. Rationing 75 Charter IV.-Administration of Land. 1. Resende Department 1-33 2. Balmandi 31-85 3. Registration 3C-87 4. Bands 86 5. Irrigation 39-41 6. Gans Canal Colony 45-58 CHATTER V - Production and Dietributor 1. Agriculture ... 6 .. I'orests 1.10 3. Animal Ilosbandry 11-15 4. Co-operative Credit Societies 11-18 5. Commerce and Iodastricz 19-96 6. T'alaca Colliers 37445 7 Geological Departcent 16-17 8. Customs and Excise 15-65 9. Governtuent Press CC-79 10. Stationery Depot ... is ... 43-53 51-52 52 52 53-34 54-57 .. .. ... 58-59 39.00 en 60-61 61-03 63-56 07-09 03-11 +2 ·[ii] CAAPTEK VI.- Protection, PARAS. Pages. 1. Legislation 2 Justice. 3. Extradition 4. Police 5. Cattle Pounds C. State Railway Police 7. Jails 8 The State Armas 1-15 16-37 38-40 41-60 61-63 01-68 G9-80 81-98 72. 76 76- 81 81 81- 8C 86 86-87 87- 88 88-91 I. CAJPTER VII.--Public Forks. 1. Buildings and Roads 2. Electrical and Mechanical Department 3. Gardens 4. Bikaner State Railway 12-18 19 21 22-46 95 98 98- 99 99-100 100-106 e CASPTER VIIL-Education. 1 College Education. 2 Secondary Educatiu 3 Interurdiate College High Sclivols 5 Midill- Schools and Anglo-Hindi Schools 6 Fepals Edacation... 7. Other Educational sclavities 8 Libraries . 1-10 11-16 17-18 19-39 40-45 46-51 52-62 63-68 107-108 108-1103 110 111-114 114-115 115-117 117-110 119 .. 1.18 CHAPTER IX.-Uedical Relief. 1. Medical Relet 2. The Process Chand Kanwarji Orphapage. 3. The K109-Emperor George V Memorial Infirmary 120-127 127 19-20 21-22 127 .. 2-16 128-130 CAIPTED X. - Local Self-Gorrrnment. 1. Dikaner Manicipal Board 2. District Municipalities 3. District Boards 4. Fillage Panchayats 17-24 180-182 25.44 132-135 45-52 135-136 1 1 Cuartos XI.- Financea 1, Fidanec 2. Bikecer State Savings Bank 3. Stanis 1-17 137-14 18-21 149 11. . 22 ·[iii] Taris. Pages 1 ... ... CHTEL. XII-Miscellaneous. 1. Chiefs and Nobles 2. Walterkrit Rajpntra Hitkarni Sabha 3 Court of Warda 4. Ganga Golden Jubilee Musein J. Stores Purchase Committee 6. Veterinary Hospitals 7. Publicity 3- 8 9-11 12-13 14-17 143 143-145 145 143 11C 116 117 18 21 LIST OF APPENDICES. APPENDIX A-Statement showing rainfall recorded in the Bikaner State during the year 1911-15 148-149 . APPENDIX B-Abstract statement of Receipts and Expenditure of the Bikaner State for the year 1911-15 150-157 MAP, CHARTS AND ORAPHS. 1. Map of the Dikaner State FRUST19PIFCE. Orro ITU LAGF. 2. Chart showing the proportion of Total Ordinary Receipts in 1944-45 under varions licads 8 .. 3. Chart showing the proportion of Total Ordicary Expenditure in 1944-45 under various Ileads 16 ... .. 4 Graph showing Mileage. Capital Oatly, Earnings and Erpenditure relating to the Dibader State Railway from 1938-39 to 1911-15 104 . 5. Graph showing the progress made in the Education Department from 1938-39 to 1914.45 112 G. Graph lioning the progress made in the Medical Department from 1938-39 to 1911-15 1.0 .. 7. Graph showing Onlinars Treceipts and Expenditure of the Libaper State from 1938-3910 1911-13 135 90

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·ADMINISTRATION REPORT OF THE BIKANER STATE FOR 1944-45. CHAPTER I. Introductory. --- Bikaner State, past and present. Geographical position. Bikaner, one of the oflicially recognised Picmier States of Rajputana, is the northernmost State in Rajputana and lies between the parallels of 27° 12' and 30° 12' North Latitude and 72° 12' and 75° 41' East Longitude. Boundaries 2. It is boundcd on the north and west by the Babawalpur State: ou the south-west by the Jaisalmer State; on the south by the Jodlıpur Stato, on the south-east by the Jaipur State; on the cast by thic Loharu Stato and Hissar District (British territory, the Punjab); and on the north-east by Ferozepore District (British teritory, the Punjab). Area 3. The area of the State is 23,317 sq. mules. It is the sixth largest of all the Indian States and the second largest in Rajputana. Population. 4. Tlc population of the Bikaner State is 19,92,938 according to the Census of 1941. This showed an increase of 3,56,720 persons orer the figures of the 1931 Census (9,36,218). The inte of inciense works out to 38 1 per cent, and is the highest anong all the States of India and second in comparison to British Indian Provinces, the first being Delhi with an increase of 14 per cent. orer the last Census In poiut of population Bikaner liolds the fourth place amongst the States of Rajputana and ranks after Jaipur, Jodhpur and Udaipur. .

·boasted that the Rana was prepared to submit to the Moghul Court, whilst his monumental works in Dingal, especially the "Veli Krishna Rukmani ri" are full of inspiration, force and sublime thought. 16. Raja Karan Singhji (1631-1669), the ninth Ruler, won for the Rulers of Bikaner the proud motto of “Jai Jangal Dhar Badshab" or "Victory to the King of the Jangal" whicb emblazons their Coat-of-Arms. This alludes to an event which forms one of the proudest chapters in the history of the House of Bikaner, for in those words the Ruler of Bikaner received the hoinage of his brother Princes after frustrating Aurangzeb's dishonourable plans forcibly to convert the Hindu Rajas who had so loyally served him and his ancestors, failing which to put them to the sword. 17. Raja Karan Singhji was also a great poet and wrote works in Sanskrit and Bbasha. His redoubtable sons, Raj. kamar Kesri Singhji and Rajkumar Padam Singhjim" tarriors as brave as any who have sprung from the Rathor stock" were paid the unique compliment after the battle at Khajua with Shah Shuja when, in appreciation of their valour and distinguished conduct on the battle-field, the Emperor Aurang. zeb with his own handkerchief brushed off the dust from their persons as they stood before him hot om thc battle. 18. The reign of Maharaja Anup Singhji (1669-1698 A.D.), was the "golded time of Bikaner valour and fame." He tras a versatile genius bimself, proficient in medicine, astrology and astronomy and a great patron of art, music and literature. The manuscript library in the Fort (called the Anup Sanskrit Library) containing rare and valuable books was collected by him and it is admittedly one of the finest and best known collections in India. For his prominent part in tho capture of the Fort of Golcunda in 1687, he von from the Emperor Auragzeb the lioreditary title of "Dabaraja".

·19. Maharajas Sujan Singhji (1700-1736), Gaj Singbji (1745-1787) and Surat Singhji (1787-1828) steered the ship of the State clear of all shoals in the stormy and uncertain days following the break-up of the Moghul Empire. Not only did they maintain peace and order within the State and successfully withstand the onslaughts on their territory, independence and sovereignty by their warning neighbours and the Mahratta and Pindari hordes, but they also weilded considerable power and prestige in the continuous inter-Statal wars for supremacy and 11 holding the balance of power amongst the bigger States of Rajputana. Maharaja Gaj Singbji, the fourteenth Ruler, received from the then Emperor the hereditary title of "Sri Raj Rajeshwar Maharajadhiraj Maharaja Shiromani” in 1752 A.D. 20. Maharaja Surat Singhji, the seventeenth Ruler, concluded the first Treaty of "Perpetual Friendship, Alliance and Unity of Interests" with the British Crown, dated the 9th March, 1818. 21. The title of "Narendra" was conferred by the Emperor of Delhi on Maharaja Ratan Singhji (1828-1851), the 18th Ruler. The Bikaner Troops rendered valuable services to the British Crown in the 1st and the 2nd Sikh Wars; and for the assistance rendered in the first Afghan War His Highness was personally thanked by Lord Ellenborough, 22. Maharaja Sardar Singhji (1851-1872) personally took a most conspicuous part in the suppression of llo Vuting of 1857. The services of the Maharaja 11cc considered "superior to those of any other Chief in Rajputana, including Jaipur", and "no Prince gave the like aid in searching out and rescuing fugitives, though all gave their hospitable shelter and support". For thcsc services the British Government granted the Pargada of Tbi to the State. 23. Vaharaja Dungai Singhji (1972-1891) known as the Father of Jodern Bikaner, laid the foundations of a coord ·6 and enlightened aduinistration, established iegular courts and proinulgated many reforms. He also introduced electricity in the Capital and installed pumping machinery in wells. Ho founded hospitals and opened schools for free education of his subjects. 24. The Maker of modern Bikaner was, however, General Elis Highness Maharajadhiraj Raj Rajeshwar Narendra Shiromani Maharaja Sri Ganga Singhji Bahadur, G.C.S.I, G.C.I.E., G.C.V.O., G.B.E., K.C.B., A.-D.-C., LL.D. (1887-1943). 25. The Bikaner State was changed beyond recognition during the 56 years of the beneficent and enlightened administration of this Soldier-Statesman. He brought Bikaner to its present position among the progressive States of India. The advent of the Gang Canal in the northern portion of the State, by bringing lifegiving waters into the State which converted 1;000-squarc wilcs of desert into il prosperous Colouy; the extension of the Bikaner State Railway from 85.15 miles in 1898 to 883:05 miles in 1943, proriding a net work of modern means of communications; the establishment of a High Court of Judicature and separation of the Executive from the Judiciary; - the institution of Legislative Assclubly with elected majority-along before thcre was popular demand for it in the State; rapid advance in proriding cducation and medical facilities as well as other beneficent departments and activities; and provision of amenities of rarious kinds for the -people-- these are but some of the achievements of His lato Highness' reign which fully entitled the State to its piesent officially recognised position of being "one of the Preniier States of Rajputana". 26. During bis long and distinguished reign the population and rorchues of the State and the prosperity of its people shorica phenomenal inciease. The population rose from 5,81,755 in- 1901 to 19,92,936 in 1911 or an increase of 221 per cent. Through a judicious bandling of the resources of ·7 the State, the revenue showed a similar remarkable rise from Rs. 20,08,462 in 1897-98 to Rs. 1,77,61,141 on the 31st October 1942 or an increase of 886 per cent. 27. His reign coincided with those of five British Sovereigns, namely Queen Victoria, King-Emperor Edward VII, King-Emperor George V, King-Emperor Edward VIII and His present Imperial Majesty; and His late Highness personally attended the Coronations of King.Enperor Edward VII, King-Emperor George V and King-Emperor George VI. 28. His late Highness had the unique distinction of having fought for the British Crown and the Empire on the three continents of Asia, Africa and Europe, and of rendering conspicuous services both in peace and in War. He was one of the founders of the Chamber of the Princes, and served the Princes for 10 years, first as the Honorary General Secretary to the Princes (1916 to 1921) and later as the first Chancellor of the Chamber of Princes (1921 to 1926). His late Highness also attended the Iinperial War Cabinet and Conferences during the first Great War and was one of the signatories to the Treaty of Verseillcs in 1919. He also attended the Imperial Conferences of 1922 and 1930. His late Highness was the first Indian to lead the delegation of India to the League of Nations, which body he attended twice as a representatire of India. He was also a prominent Member of the Indian Round Table Conferences held in London 29. On the outbreak of the first Great War in August 1911, His late Higliness had the distinction of being the first Ruling Prince to offer luis sword, services and resources of the State for the successful prosecution of the war and procceded on active service in person. On the outbreak of the serond titanio struggle in September 1939, too, His late Highness bad the proud privilege of being the first among the Ruling Princes of India to placo his sword, personal serrices and the entirc resources of the State at the command of His Irapcrial Vajesty ·3 for tho safety, honour and welfare of His Imperial Majesty and the Empire. His late Highness personally directed the war effort of the State and from time to time formulated and placed proposals before Their Excellencies the Viceroy and the Cominander-in-Chicf in order to be able to render the utmost possible assistance to the British Crown in every direction that lay in his power. 30. True to the traditions of the State and in spite of his indifferent health and advanced age, he proceeded on Active Service to the Middle East Front, 2 years later in October 2941 and thus fulfilled his cherished ambition of taking part in this War also. Matrimonial Alliances 31. The Reigning Elouse of Bikaner las, during the past four ind a balf centuries, been brought into relationship by marriage trith the Reigning Houses, amongst others, of Udaipur, Jaipur, Bundi, Kotal, Rown, Cutch, Karanli, Dungarpur, Jaisalmer and Partabgarh. Salute. 32. The State enjoys a permanent salute of 17 Guus, and a local salute of 19 Guns. Present Ruler. 28. Lieutenant-Colonel His Highness Maharajadhiraja Raj Rajeshrar Narendra Shiromani Maharaja Sri Sadul Singhji Babadur, C. V. O, is the present Ruler and is 22nd in descent from Rao Bikaji, the founder of the State. He was born on the 7th September 1902 and ascended the Throne on the 2nd February 1913. Heir-Apparent-Maharaj Kumar Sri Karni Singhji Bahadur born on the 21st April 1921, Second Son- Vaharaj Kumar Sri Amar Singhji Balindur, born on the 11th December 1925,

·Government of His Highness the Maharaja.
34. The constitution of the Government at the close of
the year under review was as follows:
(1) Mr, K. M. Panikkar, Prime Minister and Foreign
and Political Minister.
(2) Colonel Maharaj Sri Narayan Singhji Bahadur, Army
and Finance Minister.
(3) Rao Bahadur Kanwar Jaswant Singhji of Daudsar,
Public Works Minister and Minister-in-Charge
Public Health and Education.
(4) Kanwar Prem Singhji, Revenue Minister and
Minister for Rural Reconstruction.
(5) Rao Bahadur Thakur Pratap Singhji, Home and
Development Minister.

·10 CHAPTER II. General and Political, Principal Events. His Highness' Visit to the Assam and Burma Front. Soon after bis accession to the throne, His Highness the Nabaraja had proceeded on active service and visited, in addition to Units of other States Forces and Imperial and Allied Troops, the various Units of the Bikaner State Army serving with His Majesty's Forces in the Middle-East. His Highness was also similarly desirous of proceeding to thu' Assam-Burma Front where the Bikaner Bijoy Battery was serving A visit was accordingly arranged and His Highness the Maharaja left Bikaner for Calcutta on the 16th November 1944. From Calcutta His Highness flow to the Front and stayed with Bijoy Battery for two days. His Highness went round the whole camp including the canteen and the kitchen and was very pleased with tlio turn out of the men, equipment and animals. His Highness also addressed the troops and expressed great pleasure and pride at the gallant part played by them in the operations which were then going on, during which they had to bear the brunt of the battle under very trying conditions and when they acquitted themselves most creditably. Major Kishen Singhji, Officer Commanding, Bijey Battery, was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonol. His Highness lelt Calcutta on tlio 20th November. On his return to Bikaner llis Figliness was entertained by the citizens of Bikaner at a Garden Party at the Legislative Assembly Hall grounds. Visit to Calcutta, 2. On his way to the Assain-Burma front His Highness visitod Calcutta in November 1941. His Higliness as ·11 accorded a remarkable and enthusiastic reception by his subjects and other people of Rajputana residing in the second city of thc British Empire. The station and the road outside for considerable distance were packed with people who greeted His Highness on arrival with a tremendous ovation. His Highness stayed at Mackenzie House, No. 2 Howrah Road, as the guest of the well-known firm of Messrs Surajmal Nagarmal of Ratangarh in this State and the extensivo grounds of the residenco were thronged with people day and night throughout His Highness' stay there. 3. A garden party and reception were arranged in His Highness' hronour in the Rajendra Mullick Garden of the Marble Palaco in Calcutta, which were attended by many officers and leading personages of Calcutta. An address was also presented to His Highness, and a purse of Rs. two lakhs placed at His Highness' disposal. The inoney was donated by His Highness as below:- Rs. 50,000 to the Bengal Provincial Branch of the Indian Red Cross Society and St. Jobn Ambulance Association. Rs. 1,00,000 to the Contral Indian Red Cross Society and St. John Ambulance Association, and Rs. 50,000 to His Excellency the Viceroy's War Purposes Fund. 4. In addition His Highness donated a sum of Rs. 7,000 for the proposed “Howralı Hoino for Destitutes" and Rs. 10,000 to be utiliscd for the destitutes through the Mayor of Calcutta. His Highness also donated a sum of Rs. 11 lakus for the commuon good of his people residing in Calcutta. Viceregal Visit, 5. His Excellency tlic Viceroy paid a three days private visit to Gajner. His Excellency arrived by air on the 26th ·12 January 1945 and proceeded to Gajner where His Excellency and party took part in Imperial Sand Grouse, Duck and Houbara shooting. His Excellency left by air on the 28th January. The Lady Louis Mounlabatten's Visit. 6. The Lady Louis Mountabatten, C.B.E., Superintendent-in-Chief of the Nursing Division of the St. John Ambulance Brigade and the St. John's representative on the British Red Cross and St. John's Joint War Committee, arrived in Bikaner on the 13th April 1945 and visited the Bikaner War Hospitals as well as the main Civil Hospitals. A visit to 'Gajner was also arranged and the distinguished visitor left by air on the 14th April. Return of the Ganga Risala from Active Service 7. The Ganga Risala which was the first Unit of the Indian States Forces to leave for overseas on the outbreak of the war for service with His Imperial Majesty's Forces returned to Bikaner on the 30th January 1945, after over 45 years' active service in India and abroad, His Highness the Maharaja, attended by the Ministers and Officers of the State, was present at the Railway Station whero a fitting reception was accorded to the Officers and men of the famous Unit. Welcoming the men on their bappy home coming, His Highness paid a well deserved tribute to the Regiment for their services and for upholding the traditions of the Bikaner State Arms. Allied Nations' Victory in Europe. 8. The croyning erent of the year was, however, the victorious termination of the titanic struggle which had been going on for the last five years and more, and had been engag. ing the attention and the energies of almost the entire Lumanity. The news of the victory of Allied Nations over Gerinapy and satellito countries was hailed with feelings of joy and relief by everyone concerned in the State. From, ·13 Mount Abu where he bad proceeded a fortnight carlier for his usual summer residence, His Highness the Maharaja accompanied by both the Maharaj Kumar Sahibs came down to Bikaner to participate in the celebrations with his people and to share in their joy and happiness. May 8th, 10th and 14th werd observed as bolidays throughout the State and Thanksgiving Services were held in all places of Worship on Sunday the 13th Day and prayers offered all over the State. The State Thanksgiving Service at Sri Lakshmi Narainji's temple was attended by His Highness A Banquet was held at Laligarh on the 13th May 1945 followed by a speech by His Highness. There was a Review of the State Army by His Highness the next day. Allied Nations Victory over Japan. 9. In honour of the victory over Japan and the conclusion of the second world war, the 17th August 1945 was declared a public holiday and on the same day Thanksgiving Services were held at all teipples, mosques, Gurudwaras, churches and other places of worship. His Highness personally attended the service held at the temple of Shri Laxminarainji. A three-days' programme of the celebrations was drawn up and included distribution of sweets to school children, feeding of the poor, banquet to military officers and feasts to the Ariny and patients of the War Hospitals and B. O. Rs. and I. O. Rs. of the Prisoners of War Camp. There were free cinema performances for the public and a State banquet at the Palace whero His Highness delivored a speech and referred to the share of Bikaner in securing this victory in regard to men, monoy and material. His Highness said "I trust that the verdiot of history will be that in this war too te in Bikaner, in keeping with those high traditions, layo not bocn found lacking in rendering the utmost possiblo service within our power to our beloved King-Emperor.".

·14 Inauguration of the Bank of Bikaner Limited, 10. His Highness the Maharaja performed the opening ceremony of the Bank of Bikaner Limited at the Bank premises in the Capital on the 31st January 1945. His Highness and Maharajkumar Sri Amar Singhji Bahadur were on arrival received by the Directors of the Bank. The Chairman, Rao Bahadur Seth Shiy Ratanji Mohta, paid an eloquent tribute to His Highness in requesting him to open the Bank. Before declaring the Bank open, His Highness said "We have a great leeway to make up. We bave not travelled far yet on the road of industrialisation though negotiations with important groups are in progress and some have already been satisfactorily concluded. The basic structure required for any such short-term or long-term schemes is a sound and modern Bank. Without banking and credit facilities no industries can develop. We have fortunately no lack of capital and it is the mobilisation of capital and its utilisation for industrial purposes that is important. That is the reason why I attach the greatest significance to the inauguration of this Bank on sound commercial and modern lines." 11. The Government of Bikaner bas been associated with the Bank both by participation in its capital and by a share in the directorate. The Bank has also been given treasury work in the State. State tour in Eastern and North-Eastern parts of the State. 12. In conformity with his policy of establishing personal contact and maintaining the closest relations with his people, His Highness the Maharaja resumed the State tours in the remaining parts of the State. It will be recalled that His Highnoss' State tour in December 1943 bad covered the eastern districts of the State and the second tour in February 1944 the Canal Area and the northern portion: 1 - ·16 + 13. As soon as the harvest season was over, His Highness proceeded on a tour of the Rajgarh Nizamat on the 16th November 1944 accompanied by Her Highness the Maharaniji Sahib. 14. During this tour His Highness visited Rajgarh and Taranagar and received addresses from the Municipal Boards of both the towns as well as from the Rajgarh District Board. His Highness also performed the opening ceremony of the High School Building constructed by Seth Surajmal Mohta, while Her Highness the Maharaniji Sahib performed the ceremony of laying the foundation stone of the Women's Hospital and Maternity Home to be constructed by Seth Surajmal Mohta, when addresses were also presented to Her Highness. His Highness left Sadulpur for Calcutta on the 18th November 1944. 15. In spite of the cold wave which was holding the country in its grip at the time, His Highness proceeded on the 2nd January 1945 to the north-eastern part of tho State and visited Bhadra, Nohar, Gogameri, Sangaria, Hanu. mangarh and Suratgarh. While on tour His Highness received addresses from the Municipal Boards of Bhadra and Nohar. At Bhadra His Highness laid the foundation stone of a High School to bo constructed by Seths Shambliu Dayal, Gaja Nand, Hazari Mal Bain wala and Gopiram Golan and of another High School at Nohar being donated by the Periwal family of the place. His Highness returned on the 8th January 1945. 16. During these tours also His Higbness was the recipient of tlo most spontancous and enthusiastic reception by his peoplo and affectionate outbursts of loyalty and derotion tovards tho Bikaner reigning family. Constitutional Reforms. 17. As a result of a consideration of the question of further liberalising the constitution of the Assembly and grant- ·16 ing it more poters, His Highness the Maharaj, issued a Proclamation on the 10th November 1944 in which the main outlines of the reforms promulgated were announced. Detailed announcement relating to the reforms and powers and responsibilities conferred upon the Assembly was contained in the Edict issued on the 1st January 1945. Out of the total strength of 51 members of the Legislative Assembly, the number of elected members was raised to 29 and of the nominated members reduced to 22; and the Assembly was given enlarged powers of interpellation and the right of moving adjournments. The right of voting on the appropriation of revenues relating to certain specifiod heads was also vested in the Assembly and the votable heads covered a wide field of Governmental activities in respect of the nation-building and public utility Departments. The Deputy President was to be appointed from among the elected members and three nonofficial members of the Assembly were to be attached to certain Departments of the Government as Under Secretaries. The Assembly vas empowered to elect a Standing Public Accounts Committee and to frame rules for the conduct of its business. Administrative Conference. 18. The annual session of the Administrative Conference was inaugurated by His Highness at the Palace on the 26th March 1945. His Highness' address to the Conference covered many aspects of the State administration and contained sound advice about the method and manner of the discharge of their daties by the District Oficers and others. The Conferenco later met under the presidentship of the Prime Minister. in the Legislative Assembly Hall and covered a wide range of subjects. 67 oſlicers were invited to the Conference and the discussions were informal and frank. Imperial Honours and Titles in the State. 19. The title of Rao Babadur was conferred in June 1945 on Major Thakur Surajmal Singhji of Dudhwa Khara, General Secretary to Government.

·17 20. Suhedar Bakhtawar Singh of the Ganga Risala was the recipient of the Order of the British Indin,,First Class, and Subedars Bhagwant Singh and Bachan Singh of the Guard Battalion and the Second Infantry, respectively, received the Order of British India, Second Class. Honours and Titles conferred by His Highness the Maharaja. 21. During the Official Celebrations of His Highness" Birthday, honours and promotions were as usual granted by His Highness to the officers in the State Army and honours and distinctions conferred upon other officers and non-oflicini gentlemen in the State. 22. On the 11th September 1945, His Highness the Maharaja further instituted the following Badge and Medal in order to provide more appropriate and adequate recognition of the services rendered by the Civil and Military Officers of the State: (1) The Sadul Badge of Distinction (in 3 Classes). (2) The Mednl for Commendablo Conduct. 23. In connection witla tho victorious conclusion of the last Great War His Highness was further pleased to coufer, honours and distinctions on the officials and non-oflicials in recognition of their services rendered in connection with the War effort of the State. Distinguished Visitors, 24. Iention has already been made of the private visit paid to Gajner by His Excellency the Viceroy from the 26th to 28th Janunry 1915, anil of the Lady Louis Mountbatten, wife of Admiral the Lord Louis Mountbatten, Supreme Allied Commander, South-East Asia Cominand, to Bikaner on the 13th and 14th April 1915. 25. The following were the distinguislied guests of His Highness during His Highness' Birthday celebrations in November 1944:- ·18 1. His Highness the Maharana Sahib of Udaipur, G.O.S.I., K.C.I.E. 2. The Chief of Patdi. 3. Yuvaraj Sri Kishan Singhji of Patdi. 4. The Thakur of Jhalai. 6. Dr. B. S. Moonje. 6. Brigadier R. D. Inskip, C.B., C.I.L., D.S.O., M.C., Deputy Military Adviser-in-Chief, Indian States Forces. 7. Major H. K. C. Rodger, Assistant Military Adviser, Klajputana States Forces. 26. The following distinguished guests visited Bikaner during the Christmas Camp 1944:- 1. His Highness the Maharaja Sahib of Bharatpur. 2. Major L. V. Wooldridge, Scoretary to the Hon. the Resident for Rajputana. 3. Mrs. Wooldrige. 1. Sir Lakshmipati Misun, Menber, Railway Bonid. 5. Lieut.-Colonel J. D. Rankın, Military Advisor Signalling, Indian States Forces. 6. Lieut.-Colonel Sir Geoffroy Botham, K.B.E., C.I.E., M.C. 7. General J. W. Spry, Air Force, V. S. A. 8 Brigadier H. D. JI. ¥. Nepean, Deputy Military Adriscr-in-Chiei, Indian States Forces. 9. Mrs. Nepean. 10. Brigadior G. A. L. Farrell, M.C., Hond Quarters, Quetta Aren. 11. Mrs. Farwell. 12. Miss Farmch).

·19 . 27. Among the other distinguished persons who visited Bikaner during the year under report may be mentioned the following: 1. Sir Mirza M. Isinail, Kt., C.I.E., O.B.E., Primo Minister, Jaipur. 2. Sahibzada Usman Khan Sahib of Palanpur. 3. Captain Raja Bhalinder Singhji of Patiala. 4. Mrs. Sarojini Naidu. 5. Major-General C. O. Harvey, C.B., C.V.O., C.B.E., M.C., Military Adviser-in-Chief, Indian States Forces. 6. Vajor-General C. R. C. Lane, C.B., C.B.E., M.C., Supreme Allied Commander's Representative, Rear Head Quarters, South-East Asia Command. 7. Brigadier Jan Fraser, Consulting Surgeon, Central Command, Agra. 8. Vice-Admiral J. H. Godfroy, C.B., Flag Officer Commanding, Royal Indian Navy. His Highness' Tours and Visits. Inside the State. 28. As stated earlier, His Highness tho Maharaja toured the Eastern Distriots of the State from the 16th to 18th November 1914 when he visited Rajgarh and Taranagar. 29. His Highness also toured the North-Eastern Districts from the 2nd to the 8th January 1945 and visited Bhadra, Nohar, Gogameri, Stogarin, Hanumangarh and Suratgarh. Outside the State, 30. Mention has already been made of His Highness' visit to Calcutta and to the Assam-Burma Front. His High- 1938 proceeded to:- (1) Delhi to attend the meetings of the Princes' Stand. ing Committed and the General Conference of Rulers and Vinisters from the 30!h Xorember to 6th December 1944.

·20 (2) Bombay to attend Princes'meetings from the 1st, to 12th February. (3) Kotah and Udaipur for a brief holiday andispórt from the 13th to 26th February. (4) Abu for the usual sumwer residence on the 21st April 1945, and visited Bombay from the 28th April to 6th May. As noted earlier, His Highness came to Bikaner on the 11th May 1945, for celebrating the Victory in Europe and returned to Abu on the 14th, (5) Bombay on the 8th July to attend the Princes' Meetings there and after performing the opening ceremony of the branch of the Bank of Bikaner on the 16th July, returned to Bikaner on the 19th. (6) Jaipur from the 1st to 7th September to attend the celebrations in honour of the Birthday of His Highness the Maharaja Sabib of Jaipur. His Highress' speeches and messages. 31. His Highness' Proclamation of the 10th November 1944 and the Edict'issued in consequence together 'with some of the speeches delivered by His Highness on vetions ocoasions have already been alluded to earlier. The following are among the more important pronouncements during the year : (1) reply to the address presented at Calcutta by the people of the Bikaner State residing at Calcutta - 24th November 1944. (2) replics to the addresses presented during His Highness' tours in the North-Eastern Distriots from the 2nd to the 8th January 1945. (3) at the reception of the Ganga Risala on the return of the Unit to the State from active service - 30th Jauuary 1945.

·화 (4) at the opening ceremony of the Bank of Bikaner Ltd. - 31st January 1945. (5) at the inauguration of the Administrative Conference- 26th March 1915. (6) at the Banquet held at Lallgarh in honour of the Allied Victory in Europe - 13th May 1945. (7) at the opening of the Branch of the Bank of Bikaner Ltd. at Bombay - 16th July 1945. (8) at the Banquet held at Lallgarh in honour of the Allied Viotory over Japan - 10th August 1945. 32. Messages were also issued by His Highness as follows.- (1) to the Bikaner Legislative Asseinbly reconstituted under the Edict of 1945 - 26th May 1915. (2) to the Bikaner Branch of the Indian Red Cross Society and St John Ambulanoe Association - 25th October 1945. Important Changes in the Personnel. 38. During the absence in England of the Prime Minister, Colonel Maharaj Sri Narayan Singbji Babadur acted as Prime Minister. 34. Rai Bahadur Madan Mohan Varma, M.A., was appointed Minister for Education and Health on the 5th January 1915. He, however, resigned his appointment from the 1st March 1945 oring to personal reasons. Raja-Scraprasakta T. G. Raina Iyer was appointed Minister for Rural Reconstruction on the 5th January 1915. 35. In pursuance of the Legislative Assembly Edict, 1915, the followiog meinbers of the Legislative Assembly were appointed on tho 37th Vay 1916 as Under-Secretaries to Government in the Departinents mentionell below:- (1) Rawat Tej Singhji of Ratatsar. Development. (2) Sardar Mastan Singb Rural Reconstruction. (3) Pandit Jeth Mal.Icharya Education and Health. . ...

·22 36. Mr. Asa Nand Kumar was appointed Commissioner of Income-tax on the 3rd Maroh 1945. 37. Pandit Chandradhar Issar, Director of Civil Supplies, was appointed Sooretary, Legislative Assembly, with effect from the 1st April 1945, and Rai Sahib Lala Kanabiya Lal Sanghi, Secretary, Stores Purohase Committee, was appointed Director of Civil Supplies. Rai Sahib Pandit Chhatar Singh acted as Seoretary, Stores Purchase Committee, in addition to his own duties. 38. On the retirement of Mohta Shiva Baksh Kochar, Pandit Radha Kishan Chaturvedi was appointed Inspector- General of Customs and Exoise with effeot from the 28th December 1944. 39. Mr. Brijraj Kumar Bhatnagar was appointed Director of Publicity, with effect from the 5th January 1945, vice Mr. M. N. Tholal resigned.

·23 CHAPTER III. The War Effort. General, The year under reviery witnessed the successful toimipation of the greatest war in history by the complete victory of the Allied Arms in Europe and in the Far East. The news of the victory of Allied Nations over Germany and satellite powers in May 1945 was bailed with feelings of joy and clief by everyone in the State, and marked the first stage of the success which was ultimately obtained three months later by the noconditional surrender of Japan in August 1945. 2. It is permissible at this stage to recount bricfly the services and assistance rendered to the British Crown by tlie Bikaner State, its Ruler and its people, torrards the successful prosccution of this titanic struggle during the last six years. A perusal of the brief survey will slow hor whole-hearted tas the effort and how sustained the zeal which the Ruler and the people of the State erinced in the cause of Victory. His Highness' personal attention to the War Effort. 3. Ever since his Accession in Febraary 1943, His Highness the Maharaja devoted his personal attention to accelerating the Var Effort of the Bikauer State and stimulating recruitment in the State. It will be recalled that cren as Heir-Apparent, His Highness bad placed his sword and personal services at the disposal of His Imperial Majesty the King-Emperor on the outbreak of the War. In his first speech deliverod on the 8th March 1913, at thc Kharita Darbar in the Fort, His Highness declared that "there will be no reinsation in the Yar Effort on the part of myself and my State and peoplo."

·4. In October 1943, His Highness accompanied by his younger son, proceeded on Active Service to the Middle East and the Western Desert, where His Highness risited the Sadul Light Infantry, 49 (Bikaner) G. PT. Company and Units of other States Forces and Imperial and Allied Troops, including the 4th Indian Division and the 31st Indian Armoured Division. 5. The House of Bikaner thus established a new record by all its immediate male members, i.e., His late Highness, His Highness the present Maharaja and both the Mabaraj Kumar Sahibs, proceeding on Active Service in the same War. His Highness also proceeded to the Assam-Burma Front in November 1944 and visited the Bijey Battery which was serving there at the time. The Bikaner Ganga Risala. 6. The offer of the Ganga Risala, the famous Bikaner Cainel Corps, for service orerseas, was accepted in July 1940. The Unit, 588 strong, with 45 per cent. increase over its origionl War establishment, proceeded under tlic command of Lieut.-Colonel Khem Singh for service abroad on the 17tlı August 1940 and was posted at Aden. It returned to Indin at the end of December 1942 and was employel in Sind with the Sind Composite Force in counection with the rounding up of the Hurs. There it rendered "very valuable services" till tho end of June 1944, when it was placed ou special duty in connection with the anti-locust measures adopted in this part of the country, which was considered to be of vital importance to the War. Thc Unit returned to Bikaner ou the 30th January . 1915, after over 41 years' active service outside tlic State. 7. As regards the work of the Ganga Risala, His Excel. lency General Sir Archibald Wavell, G.B.E., C.M.G., M.C., Commander-in-Chief in India, (nov Lord Torell), wrote to His late Highness on the 13th August 1941 in following words :- “The Ganga Risala bas done escellent work and has Torthily maintained the liigh traditions of Bikaner, ·25 I was very happs indeed to have them under my coinmand." 8. Air Vice-Marshal G. R. M. Reid wrote to H19 lnte Highness on the 24th Juno 19-11 about the fine work of one of the best known of all State Units". Brigadier R. E Kone, O.B.E., VI.C., Officer Commanding Army Troops, Aden, in August 1911 moto to His late Highness how much be appreciated the privilege of having your famous Ganga Risala under my command". The Aur Officer Commanding, British Forces in Adeu, in his letter dated the 1st December 1942 to His late Highness stated “As Air Officer Commanding, British Forces in Aden, it has given me much satisfaction to have the Gangn Risala as part of the Garrison, and I am convinced that had the cueny attempted any offensive action against the Colony, their fighting spirit and lugh mornle would have been of inestimable value." 9. On the return of Ganga Risala to India His Escellency Tield Mnrshal Sir Archibald Wavell, Coinmander-in-Chief in lus message to His late Highness said In the tasks they have been called upon to perform they have fully maintained tlic great isputation they so deservedly carnci in the last Great War and liave shown again those liigli soldicily qualities of courage, loyalty, devotion to duty and steadfastness in conditions of bardship which were to be expected from a unit with such high traditions. It has been a great privilege to me to have them uder iny Command in War and you have every reason to be proud of their aclicrements and the example they harc set". The Sadul Light Infantry. 10. The Unit is reorganised from three Companies to four Companies basis, and left the State on the 15th Norember 64 ·26 1910 under the command of Lieut.-Colonel Hukain Singli. It proceeded in October 1941 for service with His Majesty's Forces overseas, 891 strong, and has since then been serving in the Middle East. The Unit did excellent work in the Paiforce where it played an equally vital role in keeping the supply routes to Russia open. Constant convoys of war supply of crery description were streaming day and night along this important line of communication tlırough South Persia and the Caucasus. The Bijey Battery: 11. The Battery was reorganised on the basis of the Indian States Forces Mountain Battery and armed with 367" Howitzer guns. The Battery (270 strong) proceeded for service with His Majesty's Forces outside the State on the 8th September 1941 under the command of Major Kislian Singh and in the first instance was placed with the North-Western Army for training, 12. After receiving trainivg in mountain warfare in tho North-West Frontier and Baluchistan, the Unit ras moved in August 1943 for service with the Eastern Army. It did exceedingly well and played an important part in the Arakan campaign under the command of Major Kishan Singh. 13. During the campaign in the drakan Front the Unit was much in evidence and in the thrnst of the Japanese divisions in the Allied Troops, it played an important part in inflicting heavy casualties on the Japs, and supporting the Infantry l'ormations which by their standfast tactics frustrated the hopes of the Jap adrance. During the Jap advance on Vanipur in March 1914, the Battery vas i uished by air along with the 5th Division and played a glorious part with tlic 25th Mountain Regiinent in the heaty defeat inflicted on the Japs by the 7th Division in tlie Kohima and Ukral Aicas. The Bijes Battery during the course of the operations covereil over 1,600 inilcs and fired orer 10,400 shells froin their flowitzers.

·27 14. As already stated, His Highness inspected the Battery on active service on the Assam-Burma Front in November 1944. Major-Gencral Jaideo Singhji, Sardar Bahadur, C.I.E., O.B.I., General Officer Commanding, Bikaner State Aimy, had inspected it there in September 1944. 15 The Unit von unstinted praise from the Commandeis of the Infantry Units, which were supported by the Battery. The Officer Commanding the Regiment to which the Battery was attached, Lieut.-Colonel L. H. O Pugh, R.A., in bis letter dated the 25th June 1914, wrote thus to the General Oficer Commanding, Bikaner State Forces :- "... I should like to pay a very high tribute to the loyalty and assistance given me by Major Kishan Singh, his Officers and men in this matter I bave received ungrudging co-operation, and am happy to state that I have now my complete Regiment Headquarters carried on Bijey Battery mules, with Bijey Battery drivers and many gunners who have most creditably offered to porform the duty of drivers, rather than remain behind During this last month the conduct, courage, cheerfulness and industry of all mer las been magnificent, both under Jap Artillery fire and in the discomfort and kind of operation carried out in the monsoon on jungle covered bills at heights often greater tban 6000 feet. I am proud to have such mon under my command, and particularly gratificd at the co-operation and intimate friendliness existing between the inen of Bijeg Battery and those of the batteries in which they are now working, and with whom they live in the greatest barmony." 16. Colonel Pugh wrote to tlic Private Secretary to His Ilighness as below on 7th December 1911.- "I wish to place on record is appreciation of the work of Lieut.-Colouel Kisben Singh now tha: be bas ·28 - relinquished command of His Highness' Bejoy Battery, and would be grateful if this might be brought to the notice of His Highness. During the past year in which Lieut.-Colonel Kishen Singh has served under my command, be bas been indefatigable in his efforts to maintain the efficiency and welfare of the Battery. By his own technical knowledge and personal direction he has been responsible for the high standard of gunnery attained. I valuca highly Lieut.-Colonel Kishen Singh's sound and constructive advice, and derived much help therefrom. The credit for the achievements of His Highness' Bejoy Battery is due to Lieut-Colonel Kislien Singh to whoin I can best pay tribute by stating that he is a most loyal, industrious and efficient officer, whom I greatly miss in my Regi. ment." 17. Colonel Pugh while payius a farewell visit to the Battery in the liacs of 25th Mountain Regiment, presented a Japaneso sword to the Battery and again paid a tribute to tho services rendered by the Unit. 18. Lieut.-General Sir Montague Stopford, Commander of the 12th Army, South East Asia Command, in his letter dated tho 12th October 1945, to His Higbness referred to the "valuablo services given to our causo" by this Unit, and convered "the assurance of our admiration for the distin. guished and gallant part they have played in this campaign". He affirmed that the Battery “has never failed to provido support to the Iufantry when required by day or night. Sis decorations and wentions in despatches have been won for gallant and distinguished servico. Vajor Kishen Singh, M.B.E., commanded the Battery with exceptional skill and dovotion to duty", 10. Licut.-Gencral Sır Oliver LEcse, Commander of the ·29 Allied Land Forces, South East Asia Command, wrote to His Highness as below on the 13th June 1945- 'With the fall of Rangoon, our main operations in Burma are now coming to an end. I would like to send to Your Highness my grateful thanks and appreciation for the admirable work which your Bijoy Battery has been doing for so long in the Allied Land Forces. As you know, they joined us at the end of 1943 and have been operating with the 25th Mountain Regiment in our fainous 7th Indian Division. This Division has borne a high name throughout this campaign and your Battery has taken part in many of its great battles. It was in the famous battles of Kohima and Imphal, where the foundations of our later successes were laid, and it subsequently fought all down the Gangaw Valley and the Irrawaddy. Thus your Battery can claim to have played a most valuable part throughout our campaign and we are all very proud to have had them with us. May I Send Your Highness my grateful thanks and all best wishes". across Racruitment. 20. 3,213 Recruits were enlisted during the year under review for the State Army and for the British Indian Army and 251 direct by British Indian Recruiting Agency. The total recruitment from the outbrcal of the War upto the end of the year came to 10,973 up, out of which 3,365 nere recruted for the Bikaner State diny and 5,603 for the British Indian Army. 3,289 recruits were colisted frou the State direct by the British Indian Recruiting dgcocy. les espadituri cu far incurred under tlus litad comes to orer he. 1,600.

·30 Raising of other Units in the State. 21. In addition to the above, assistance was rendered by the Bikaner Government in the following directions- (1) A Unit, known as the 49 (Bikaner) Geveral Purposes Transport Company, Royal Indian Ariny Service Corps, was raised with effect from the 1st August 1940. The Unit, 557 strong, moved out of Bikaner to a British Indian Cantonment in March 1911 and subsequently proceeded on Active Service in the Middle East. After serving there for a couple of years the Unit was employed on the Eastern front and played an important role in Burma right down to Singapore. (2) Two Battalions of Infantry, the first 697 strong and the second 362 strong, were successfully raised in an incredibly short tiine, both for the purposes of internal scourity and for rendering assistance across the borders of the State in British India, should any such necessity arise. 3) A Training Battalion, with a sanctioned strength of 1,014, was raised to work as maintenance unit for the Ganga Risala and the Sadul Light Infantry and for giring advanced training to the reinforcements before they were despatched outside the State. Brigadier (Major-General) R. D. Inskip, C.B., C.I.E., D.S.O., M.C., Deputy Military Adviser-in-Chief, I. S.F., while congratulatiog Lieut.-Colonel K. Bag Singhji, Commandant, for the enormous amount of work put in in bringing the Contrc to a high pitch of cfficiency remarked that "there is now a fine body of trained men at the centre ready to take their place in Active Units. Haring turned out hundreds of well trained men for service sa-State, the ·81 Commandant can justly claim a large share of the higli opinion their work has earned " (4) An Artillery Training Centre, 150 strong, was also opened at Bikaner to give intensive trainiog in Artillery. It was attached to the Mountain Artillery Training Centre at Ambala. (5) One Company of 148 Officers and Men was also offered for Garrisou Duty in British Indin, but as it is less than one Company it was not possible for the Governmcpt of India to accept it. (6) A Guard Battalion, 723 strong, tras also raised and included in the strength of the Stato Forces for employment on guard duties at the local Prisoners of War Camp. (7) A Platoon for the Composite Coinpany of four Platoons as Demonstration Troops for the Infantry School at Saugor tras provided. A suitable Officer to command the Composite Unit was also provided. The Detaclıment retarned to the Stato in 19-11. 22. The total strength of the State Forces maintained during the war was 6,185 as agaiust tlo pre-tar figure of 1,864. 23. It may be added that the salaries of the Officers and Men of the Bikaner State Army serving with His Majesty's T'orces outside the State wero nt par witli those of the Officers and Men in the Indian Amy, and subject to the same rates of pension and gratuity as nre obtainable in British India. This is in addition to the manifold concessions of various kinds sanctioned by the State for the bencfit of those serving in the Army and their relations. Monetary Contributions. 24. The following sums were donated during the year under report:... (1) Contributions towards the Indian Red Cross Rs. Society, Bikaner, on bchall of- His Highness 5,000 Her Higliness the Valiraniji Salib 3,000 The Hcir-apparent 1,000 Princo Amar Sivguji Babzdur 1,000 ...

·32 Rs. (2) Innual Contribution to the Red Cross 1,000 Society. (3) Iununl Contribution for antenance and 10,800 upleep of 15 Polislı refugee children adopted by His Highness in March 1943, 25. The total amount donnted from the State Exchcquer and other sources up to the end of the year under rericw comes to Rs. 17,22,718 and includes. - Rs. Trom the State 12,76,001 92,863 Froin the Privy Purse Froin the Members of the Reigning Family From the Chiefs and Nobles Miscellaneous 80,380 16,000 2,58,474 Investments 26: Investinents in the Government of India War Bonds, etc., including contributions from the State servants, amount to Rs. 62 laklıs approximately, in addition to over rupees 43 crores invested in the Government of India loans and Becurities. Extraordinary Expenditure on War Etfort. 27. The military expenditure of the State came to Rs. 33 lakhs in the year under review as against Rs. 262 lakhs in the preceding year and the normal annual expenditure of Rs. 81 lakhs in peace time. A part of this exponditure is refundable by the Government of India under the scheme of affording financial assistance to the States inaintaining Indian States Forces, ·33 Treatment and care in Bikaner of sick and wounded soldiers of the Indian Army. 28. The Bikaner War Hospitals run by His Highness' Government contained accommodation for 400 beds--300 for surgical and 100 for medical cases. 12 beds were made available in the Ganga Golden Jubilee Tuberculosis Hospital. The entire staff excepting two sisters and three clerks, was provided by the State. The feeding and clotbing of the patients were also undertaken by the State. The non-recurring expenditure amounted to Rs. 1,45,508 and the recurring expenditure during 1944-45 came to Rs. 3,12,064. The total expenditure on these Hospitals amounted to Rs. 8,94,982. 29. 971 cases were admitted to the War Hospitals in the year under review, bringing the total to 6077 cases, from the date of its opening on the 13th October 1941 up to the end of the year under report, The number of patients under treatment on the 31st October 1945 was 254. 30. Patients in the War Hospitals were admitted free to cinema shows and arrangements were also made for their entertainment in other ways. 31, His Excellency Field Marshal Iord Wavell, Viceroy of India, recorded the followiug opinion about these Hospitals during Their Excelloncies' visit in February 1944:- “My wife and I visited No. 1 War Hospital on Fobruary 3 and were much impressed by its efficiency and by all that is being done for the cure and comfort of the patients". 32. Tho Hospitals were visited in April 1945 by Lady Louis Mountbatten. She wrote- " It was so good of your Higliness to accompany we on the visits to your nouderful War Hospitals as well as to the 2 other ones. I was so much impressed by the vory excellent accommodation and pagdificeut equipment in them all and by the exceptional ·81 care hoing given to tho prticuts and I knot that a difference your own close and personal interest in them fine nonut and what great cucouragemont it gives to all srorking in thon, and receiving treatmont thore. I nikindl mucli look forward to telling the King and Quicon of your fine gesture, which among many others line maile such a great contribution to the Wai Eriort." 33. The lon. tlic Resiclopt for Rajputana, Lieut-Colonel Sir Georgo Gillan, romarked as below: "Inspected the Bilnuer TVar Hospital ou X-mas morning and was much irupressed by the care and officiency everywhere apparent. His Highness' Gorerament on their part and the 0. C. Hospital are to be cougratulated on the results they havo produced". 34. Colonel B. E. Schlessinger, A.M.S., Consultant Physioinn, Central Command, observed as follows:- "This inodern well run and excellently equipped bospital is doing good work ju setting aside 400 beds for military cases. At present there are 50 empty beds and it is suggested that more medical cases be sent, long term cases from 129 I.B.G.H., for example. The medical cases I saw had been well treated and bad done well. The food is good. Tuberculosis for which 12 beds are set aside for military patients seem to do well in the dry climate of Bikaner and despite the hot weather in the summer season". Adoption of Polish refugee children 35. In order to maintain the traditious of Indian hospitality and to afford relief to Polish refugee children - victims of Nazi aggression-His Highness the Maharaja was pleased to adopt in March 1943, for the duration of the War, 15 Polish relugee children. The cost of their maintenance comes to Rs. 10,800 per annum, ·35 Loan of Wagons and Locomotives. 36. In addition to the five engines transferred at the request of the Government of India to the Assam Bengal Railway in 1912, sis more locomotives (five H. G. class and one 31. S. class) suitable for hauling heavy loads were transferred on loan to the B. & A. Railway, to meet operational deinands in that area. It will be recalled that, although these could not easily be spared, Bikaner Gorernment also supplied 50 covered wagons and 11 open trucks for service overseas. Manufacture of articles in the Railway Workshops 37. The Bikaner State Railway Worksliops undertook for the Defence Services and other departments of the Governnent of India, to manufacturo at cost price, machinery and parts, reconditioning of second hand boilers and tubes, retyring and fitting new cranks to engines and tender wheels of the Juipur State Railway, etc., and completed orders worth Rs. 3,35,781. These prices as compared to the prevailing market rates represented a substantial saving for the Defence Department. The following orders for the manufacture of machiuery for tbc Government of India were completed during the year.-- Approximate Cout. Reversing Engines 12 19,346 High speed Steam Eugipes and forced drangut lans 6 30,852 Steam Euglues directly coupled with 16 K.11. dynamios 20 58,607 Instruncut Stands and their components 1,308 1,25,011 Spaic parts for locomotives and vagons for the Bikaner State Railway serving ex State 20,938 Animal drawn rollers 16 11,73- Diesel generator fuel tanks 20 58,600 38. At the request of the Rulint Board, body erection of the U.S.A wilgons was undertaken at the Railnay Workshops and 170 wagons i cre completed froin the middle of June 1011 to the call of Octobe: 19 lv at an approximate cost of Rs. 50,775. Rs. . .

·36 Prisoners of War Camps. 39. The construction of buildings for the accommodation of 100 Officers and 3000 other ranks of the Prisoners of War, their medical attendance, raising of a Guard Battalion for guard duty, and other facilities were undertaken by the State. The Camps started in 1941-42. The strength of the Camps in the beginning of the year was 685 and rose to 1,801. At the close of the year there were 1,160 prisoners in the Camps. Supply of gram and barley. 40. Although the State is deficit in staple foodgrains and has in the matter of foodgrains largely to depend on imports from British India, yet in view of the larger interests involved, His Highness' Government at the pressing request of the Government of India placed at their disposal from time to time large stocks of gram and barley for supply to the Defence Services and the deficit areas in the country. In this manner 3137 tons of gram and 8944 tons of barley were supplied. Supply of goats and rams. 41. His Highness' Government further allowed, for the duration of the war, the export of 25,000 male goats and rams cvery year for inilitary purposes. Other articles supplied. 42. Among other articles supplied were babul tree bark and saltpetre in considerable quantities forammunition purposes, transport animals, binoculars, parts of camel saddlery, used X-Ray films, etc. Loan of House accommodation for Defence purposes. 43. In view of the difficulty experienced by the Government of India in finding accommodation at New Delhi for the large number of Departments and offices created due to the war, and especially on account of the establishment of the Headquarters of the South East Asia Command, Eis Highness the Alaharaja, at considerable personal inconvenience, placed his ·37 palace in New Delhi, together with its staff quarters etc., furnished, at the disposal of the Government of India for the duration of the war. Similarly, the Shiv Bilas at Warden Road, Bombay, was placed at the disposal of the Defence Services. Training of Technicians for War Purposes. 44. Arrangements were made for giving training to 383 men in the Bikaner State Railway and the Electrical and Mechanical Department Workshops at the Capital. 590 technicians, trained in the Workshops of the Electrical and Mechanical Department and the Railway had been supplied to the Government of India. Exemption of canteen stores from payment of State customs duty. 45. In order to ensure that no undue hardship in the matter of canteen stores is caused to any particular Unit or class of His Majesty's Forces whescver they may be posted, canteen stores meant for His Diajesty's Forces stationed in the State were exempted from payment of State customs duty. Work of women in Bikaner for the War. 46. The ladies in Bikaner collected money to provide ainenities for the benefit of the patients admitted to the Bikaner War Hospital and supplied items such as cigarettes, bidis, matches, note paper, articles for games, etc. A Wounon's Volunteer Servico was also formed at the Capital in April 1943 and affiliated to the Head Quarters at Delhi. A sum of Rs. 1,000 was graciously donated by Her Highness to this or ganisation, which offered occupational and diversional therapy to the pationts in the War Hospitals. Amenities and Gifts for troops. 47. Gifts and amenities worth Rs. 7,363 were sent during the year to the Stato Uuts serving erState, as also to the 49 (Bikin01) G.P.T. Coy, which was originally raised in the State National Day of Prayor, 48. Tho napirersary of the viotorious conclusion oi the ·36 Battle of Britaio was observed on Sunday the 16th September 1945 and specinl prayers were offored in the Churol on that day. Affording protection to the personnel of land and Air Forces 40. In order to afford fuller protection to tho personnel of the Land and Air Forces of the Indian Army, the Bikaner Stato Army or the Ariny of any other Indian States in respect of Civil and Revenue litigation in which suob porsonnel may be involved, tlie scope of notification No. 70, dnted the 21st Noromber 1940, was further widened. Bikaner State Sailors' Soldiers' and Airmen's Board. 50. The State Soldiers' Board which existed in the Stat for a long time was reorganised and its functions and duties considerably cnlarged. The Board was reconstituted in 1943 with Kanwar Prem Singhji, Revenue Minister, as President and not included influential official and non-official mem. bers. A separate office, under a whole time Secretary was also established. Looal Committees were formed at each District Headqaarters. 51. The Board looks after the welfare of ex-soldiers, servug soldiers and their families, and safeguards their intorests. It also arranges for the reception of the soldiers coining to their homes on leave and for tbe medical treatment of those who are invalidated out of service. 52. To supplement the activities of the above Board, a ditil Liaison Officer was appointed with suitable organisation. His main'function is to render overy possible assistance to the soldiers and their dependants in all matters affecting them and their welfare. National War Front. 53. For the purpose of placing the movement on a sound footing and ensuring its growth and development, a' National War Front Committee was established in April 1942 with Mr. K. M. Panikkar as President. The organisation was dissolved as soon as the war was over.

·57. Sunilarly, the average area under food crops during the three pre-war years wasl 2,37,961 acres, whercax the average of 58. As a matter of co-operation with the Governinent of replaced by food-grains. In the three pro-war yaars the avo rago area under cotton WAS 12,808 acres or 4'03 por cont..of This canie down to 35,734 aCICS or 186 per cent. of the total cultivated area on all ivorage the past four years, 1.e., it was reduced to les than ball. 59. In respect of the staplo foodgrains, specially wheat and bajm, the State oontinued to be deficit, while in the CA50 gram and barlos it WAR surplos. Vith a view to concerte 89 Civil Supplies and Price Control, 54. Rai Sabib Lala Kanabya Lal Sanghi took over charge of the post of the Director of Civil Supplies on the 1st April 1945, rice Pandit Chandradhar Issar transferred, Mehta Champa Lal Kochar continued to be the Deputy Controller of Prices on the newly created post. 55. The working of the control machinery in the districts, was also reorganised and in order to give the Nazins and Tehsildars more powers they were designated na Districts and Deputy Controllers of Prices, respectively, in their reapectivr jurisdictions. "Grow more food" Campaign 56. Efforts to promote the grow more food campaign in the State continued unabated during the year under rovica. The average of the total cultivated area during the three pro. war years was 17,19,672 acres whereas the average of thir total cultivated area during the past four years souc to 19,21,326 acres or an increase of 11-7 per cent. the last four years is 14,68,018 acres or 76'4 per cent of tlur total cultivated area. India, the area under cotton was tbe total cultivated area. of Control and Export of foodgrains considerably reduced and of ·40 control the stook ol staple foodgrains and to exercise proper and check over the prices thereof, several measures were adop. ted during the year. A list of various Control Orders promulgated in the State is given under Emergency Legislation in Chapter VI (Protection). 60. The original allotmont of 4,000 tons of wheat to te State was later on reduced to 2,040 tons. Out of this only 244 tons could be imported during the year. Similarly, out of & quota of 45 tons of maida, nothing could be imported. 600 tons of rice were, however, imported. 61. Out of the offer of surplus gram and barley made to the Government of India, 3,137 tons of gram and 8,944 tons of barley were exported to various provinces and States. Sugar and gur Control. 62. In order to effect further economy in the consumption of sugar, the Sugar Control Order 1942 of British India which was enforced mutatis mutandis in the State, had been superseded and the Sugar and Sugar Products Control Order promulgated in the State mutatis mutandis in 1943. The quota of sugar allotted to the State was 3,200 tons and included khandsari sugar. The quota of gur was 6,000 tons and the Gur Control Order, 1943, continued to be in force in the State. Textiles Control. 63. "The Director of Civil Supplies continued to perform the local functions of the Textile Commissioner. 64. The Bikaner State Cotton Cloth and Yarn Dealers Licencing Order 1943 also remained applicable to the State under which all dealers in cloth were required to take a licence. 66. A Textile Merchants' Committee was formed for procurement and distribution of cloth allotted to the State by the Textile Commissioner, Bombay. Depots were opened in tho Capital and Advisory Committees formed in the districts ·41 to ensure equitable and quick distribution to tho general public. Quotas frere fixed for the Capital and each town and Tehsil and deliveries made accordingly. Stamping of cloth was continued and brought in Rs. 16,728-3-3 in fees. 66. Since the commenceinent of the Standard Cloth Schenio a total quantity of 32,06,1261 yards of cloth was received, out of which 31,33,4571 yards were disposed of by the end of the year. 67. No regular quota of yarn was fired for the State and 409 bilos mere received during the year. 68. Very limited supply of woollen cloth was received in the absence of any fised quota. The Woolleu Goods (Control) Order was promulgated in January 1945, Kerosene Oil Control. 69. The position of Kerosene Oil in the State continued to be far from satisfactory. During the year only 14,037 maunds of oil was iinported and orring to short supply grent difficulty was experienced in the equitable distribution of this essential article. Drugs Control. 70. During the year under report, license, lipder the Drug Control Order were issued as below.- Wholesale 6 Retailors 76 Purchnsers 19 Out of thoso? mholesalers and 3 retailers' licensos were wth. drawn. ... Firewood Control, 71. Firewood position pas also acute and fire rood tas imported from the Udnipur State. Steps were taken to prven: Tinste.

·42 Motor Spirit, Tyre and Spare Parts Rationing. 72. Vajor Thakur Surajnal Singhji, General Secretary to Government, continuod to be the Sinte Rationing Authority throughout the yon). As in previous years all reasonnble econony was exercised in the issue of petrol coupons and the cousumption copiesented about 47% of the pre-mtioning quartorly average. Cement Control. 73. The demand of cement both for the Goverument as well as private works was adequately met. Iron and Steel Control. 74. Supplies of iron and steel both for Government and public were arranged and distributed according to the quota allotted to the State Rationing. 75. The Rationing Departmont was cstablished and Pt. Phalgoon Goswain was appointed Controller of Rationing with effect from the 22nd April 1941 and with his 3 assistants he attended the Food Control and Rationing Conference at Bombay in October - November 1944 and gained experience of its rorking there. Necessary Staff was also appointed and preliminary measures were introduced.

·48 OHAPTER IV Administration of Land. Revenue Department. 1. Kanwar Prem Singhji continued to be the Revenue Minister during the year. Rai Sahib Lala Bishan Dass Chopra B.A., LL.B., and Rai Sahib Lala Bibarilal, P.C.S. (Retired), continued to hold charge as Revenue Commissioner, Sadar, and Ganganagar Divisions, respectively, Tours. 2. The Revenue Minister remained on tour for 26 days and the Revenue Commissioners, Sadar and Ganganagar Divisions, toured for 114 and 147 days, respectively, during the year. Boundary Disputes 3. No new case of boundary dispute of any importance with the neighbouring States or with the adjoining British Indian Province of the Punjab arose during the year under report. Thrco cases of comparison of the boundaries with Jaipur were being dealt with. The case regarding erection of pillars on the Bikaner-Hissar boundary also remained pending Rainfall. 4. The monthly and the arerage annual rainfall recorded ai tho various raisgauge stations during the rear is shown in Appendix A. The avenge rainfall in the State during the year ras 147jucles, as against 14°60 inches in the prerions year. The runfall va 'n the whole normal. UIT: .., ·.. 44 Crops and Fodder. 5. The total area in Bigbas under Kharif and Rabi crops in Sadar and Ganganagar Divisions was as given below:- Sadar Division. Kharaf Rabi Soun Natured Soun Natured 1944-45 16,59,673 7,26,336 2,22,718 1,01,034 1913-44 14,64,521 3,61,146 86,169 32,995 Ganganagar Division. 1944-15 Irrigated Area ... 3,67,426 3,52,990 4,79,915 4,64,479 Barani Area 5,69,031 2,95,808 10,26,533 8,01,874 1913-44 Irrigated Arca 3,77,971 3,47,380 5,04,971 4,84,417 Barani Aroa 4,09,617 65,461 3,88,355 2.10.286 The notable increase in cultivation during the year under report was due to the strenuous efforts of the Government towards the "Grus More Food" Campaign. Agricultural and other stock. 6. The agricultural and allied stock in the State, includ: ing Jagir villages, was as given below:- 1943-44 1944-45 Bulls 4,607 10,349 Bullocks 57,395 72,203 Cows 1,77,474 2.14,843 Young ones of cows, male and female 2,59,075 1,99.843 Buffaloes (male) 3,623 9,352 Buffaloes (female) 74,805 87.167 Young Buffaloes, male and femalo 41,238 74,603 Sheep 8,93,670 10,84,461 Goats 4,20,468 6,46,874 Horses 1,759 1,064 Dlares 1,332 1,474 Colts and fillies 226 429 Nules 8 32 Donkeys 5,949 7,462 Camels 1,22,296 1,23,005 Ploughs 1,19,420 1,01,968 Carts 9,465 48,395 General condition of agriculturists, 7. As in the previous year, the prices of foodgrains and essential commoditics were controlled in the interests of the general public. The econoinic condition of the people remained almost the same during the year under report as in the precediog year. There was no tant of employment for the ·45 labouring classes and wages were higher than those in the preceding year, ranging from annas fourteen to a rupee and a half per day for ordinary labourers and Rs. 1-8-0 to Rs. 3-0-0 per day for skilled labourers. V Locust. 8. The locust menace this year threatened to assume ugly proportions, and the co-ordinated scheme of locust control, initiated in the previous year, was continued during the year under report. An efficient intelligence service was established in the State before the advent of the monsoon, and special Tehsildars and other staff were deputed in various Tehsils to help the permanent staff. Other State departments also extended necessary help and co-operation with the result that the control work was carried out effectively, and no swarms were allowed to be formed. The area infested was 7,36,421 acres which was cleared by digging trenches 2,583 miles long, burning 4,183 bushes and baiting in 58,234 acres. In this connection a sum of Rs. 20,000 was spent by the State on the special staff and an amount of Rs. 60,967-9-0 was debited towards the Central Pool Fund. But for the success achieved by these measures, would have been badly damaged Epidemics. 9. There was outbreak of any epidemic disease amongst the people or cattle during the year except malaria fever and stray cases of smallpos in some parts of the Ganganagar Division. Land Revenue from Khalsa villages. 10. The demand, collection and arrears of land revenue from Khalsa villages in the Sadar and Ganganagar Dirisions during the year under report are given belon .- Sedar Dirision. Arrcors Current Tc!a! Ris NS Domand 63,175 5,61,727 6,27.902 Collections 33,195 5,14,333 177.636 Belanca 29,677 20.933 50.056 the crops no Its.

·16 .. Quotepagar Dirision. Arrears Currant Total Re. R.. Rs. Demand 2,00,342 0 0 20.96,374 49 22,96,716 4.9 Collections 86,999 8 6 20,44,040 83 22,31,010 0 9 Balance 1,13,342 7 6 52,333 12 6 1,65,676 40 Land Revenue from Tibi Pargana. 11. The demand, collection and arrears of land revenue and water rate in Tibi Pargana are given blow:- - DELAND COLLECTION BULAXCE Itous recurs Current: Total Irrears Current Total Arroirs Current Total Is. Land Revcuue 8,701 Rs 27,203 RS 35,907 Rs. 91,072 925 Rs. 21,997 Rs. Rs. 6,131 Rs. 13,910 1 Watcr Rato 2.271 4,662 6 933 365 3,359 3,724 1,906 1,203 3,100 Total 10.975 31,765 42,740 1,290 94,43125,721 9,685 7,331 17,019 Tribute from Jagirdars. 12. The following table shows the demand, collection and arrears of Rakam Rekh due from Jagirdars :- DEMAND COLLECTION BALANCE -- Vivisions Irrears Current . Total Irroirs Current Total Irrears | Currcut! Total Rs. Rs Rs. Sadar. 1,40,705 3,07,771 4,48,476 Re. Rs. Rs Rs, 20,411 2,96,326 3,16,739 1,20,291 Rs Ks 11,243 1,31,737 Ganga. nagar. .. 1,100 5,873 915 6,811 6,759 155 50 214 Total 6,973 1,41,805 3,13,614 4,55,449 21,956 3,02,142 3,23,408 1,20,413 11,502 1,31,951 Survey and Settlement, 13. Pandit Bhura Rain, Settlement Commissioner, Jagit Arcas, baving retired on pension from the 1st November 1944 L. Inder Bhan Satija. BA, Settlement Commissioner (Oconpancy Rights), was appointed as Settlement Commissioner, ·Jagir areas also and he was assisted by Thakur Nurli Singh and Ch. Sadasukh, Settlement Officers. 14. There being a great paucity of Patwaris, difficulties were faced in securing suitable hands to carry on the work and some local candidates were given practical training, before being put in charge of measurement of patries to meet the requirements. Field operations were extended to Jagir areas in Tehsil Snjangarh in addition to Tehsils Sardarshahr and Ratangarlı during the year under report. Field operations in Telısıls of Rajgarh and Bladra were already completed, Tbile in the 'Tehsils of Nolar, Churu and Taranagar measurement work continued. 15. Field survey was completed in 246 villages with a total area of 23,99,682 Bighas 16 Biswas. The Takıl work of 510 yıllages was also completed. Tanquih Hagu Khatedaran. 16. The Tanquih Hagu Khatedman operations generally start during the survey operations or with the completion of measurement work in the villages, Out of 771 villages measured by the end of the year under reviews 656 villages bare been settled. Expenditure. 17. The total budgetted provision sanctioned for the year was Rs. 1,61,255 against which the actual expendituro amounted to Rs. 1,44,016 as agaiost Rs. 1,15,651 in the previous year. Settlement operations in the Ganganagar Division. 18. The special staff appointed to tally and correct the Revenuo and Irrigation records completed and compared 1,031 chak plans. 110 Charsalas were prepared and the Fork of preparation of Record of Rights for 189 villages was completed. 19. To bring the records up-to-date, 1,472 motations were attested during the seu.

·18 + Assessment. 20. The revision of the assessment of Ghuggar Noli circle aud Tibi Pargana of Tehsil Hanumangarh was taken in hand and completed during the year. The assessment report tils sanctioned by the Government and the new rates for the above tracts were introduced from Kharif 1945. The revision of the assessment of Gaug Canal Area was also taken in hand. Taccavi. 21. The balance outstanding at the close of the previous year was Rs. 55,243-14-0. No fresh loans were taken by the cultivators as Taccavi during the year 1914-45. Rs. 11,726-0-9 were recovered, leaving a balance of Rs. 43,617-13-3 to be recovered at the end of the year under review. Area granted on temporary cultivation. 22. During the year under report 6,36,828 Bighas 3 Biswas of land were given out on temporary cultivation as against 5,16,953 Bigbas 19 Biswas in the previous year. Immigration and Emigration 23. No movement of importance oither of immigration or emigration took place during the year under report. It was reported that 125 Gwadis in Telusil Hanumangarh and 26 in Tehsil Anupgarh immigrated into the State. No Gwadis emigrated from the State to foreign territory, Grant and resumption of villages. 24. Village Indpalsar-Bas-Raikan, Tehsil Dungargarh, having an area of 3,565 Bighas with an annual income of Rs. 217 was granted to Bhati Hanut Singh during the year. There was no case of resumption. Works of Public Utility. 25. In order that the requirements of water supply in rural areas may not be overlooked, His Highness the Maharaja was graciously pleased to order that an annual minimum provision of Re. one lakh be made in the State udget for ·49 . ... .. ... construction of tells, tanks etc Following are the details of Forks of public atility carried out by the State and private individuals during the year:- By the State. 1. Excavation of a Jobar at village Delana-Bada, Tehsil Lantarangar 2,000 2. Escavation of a Johar in village Khokberana, Tehsil Lankaransar 1,000 3. Bilt clearance of Johar in village Delana Chhota, Tehsil Lankarabear 340 4. Construction of a well in village Gualisar, Tehsil Rajgarh. 715 5. Construction of a well at village Suratpura, Tehsil Rajgarh. 1,000 6. Construction of a bridge over the Nali of the Johar in village Phephana, Tehsil Nobar 1,024 By private individuals. 1. Construction of a college building at Churu by Seth Kanhiyalal Lobia at a cost of about Rs. 3,00,000. 2. Construction of a High School building and Mnternity Home at Rajgarh by Seth Surajmalji Muhta. 3. Construction of a metalled road at Ratangarh by Seth Surajmal Nagarmal Jalan. 4. Construction of a High School building at Bhadra by Seth Gopi Ram Golan. 6. Cobstruction of a well at Village Udsar, Tehsil Sardarsbahr, and a Poh at Sardarshahr by Seth Panna Lalgo Seth Sheo Narain Jalan, 6 Construction of a Pukka well at Dungargarh by Seths Surajmal Punamchand 8/0 Seth Gyani Ram, Dugtrgarh. 7. Construction of 6 wells at Churu, one each bg- 1. Jabdi Khan Kayamkhani, 2 Maqbal Hussain Kazi, 3. Rameshwarlal Perwal, 4. Brijlal Nehansaria, and 5., Babu Ram Bralimpia, Fairs. 26. The important dlukam and Gogs. are Kolayat, ·50 27. The Kolayat Fair as held from 16th to 19th Norem. ber 1045 and was attended by about 24,000 people. Facilities were provided to the general public, traders, pilgrims, and others attending the Fair and the Railway and Motor Transport provided a quick and comfortable journey. A Standing Committee consisting of officials and non-officials look after all matters relating to the Fair, including the improvement ghats (bathing places), silt clearance, sale of residential plots, etc. The District Board concerned arranged liorse and camel races apart from other sports and the winners were suitably rewarded. The owners of cattle of better breed were also given substantial rewards by way of encouragement, 28. The Fair at Mukam was held on the 12th February and 9th October 1945, and was attended by about 9,000 and 11,000 people, respectively. The Gogameri Fair was held from the 23rd August to 21st September 1945 and was attended by about 54,000 people. 29. Among the Fairs of lesser importance may be mentioned those held in honour of Bhairunji at Kodamdesar in Tehsil Magra, Jetha Bhutta at Gajner, Gogaji at Dadretra, Ramdeaji at Jasrasar in Tehsil Churu, Hanumanji at Salasar in Tehsil Sujangarh, Bhadar-Kaliji near Hanumangarh, and the District Board Cattle Fair at Ganganagar, Treasure. Trove. 30. No treasure trove was discovered during the year under report. Brick Kilns. 31. Royalty recorered on pucca bricks at Re. 1 per 1,000 for standard bricks, and Re. 0-4-0 per 1,000 for small ones, amounted to Rs. 26,979-14-0 during the year as against Rs. 23,426-3-3 in the previous year. A sun of Rs. 923-7-0 was also recovered as site rent and Rs. 3,772-15-0 as water rate from brick contractors in the Gangavagar Division.

·51 32. Since July 1942 the sale or purchase of bricks at the Capital and suburbs has been controlled, and the Revenue Commissioner, Sadar Division, continued to be the Brick Controller for the Statè. A Brick Inspector was also appointed. 33. With a riers to encourage the construction of charitable works, no royalty was charged on bricks used for works of public utility, such as schools, hospitals, wells, etc. Malmandi. 34. The following statement show's the number of Malmandi cases pending from the last year, instituted and disposed of during the year and the closing balance:- Ofice Balance from tbc Instituted during the yeur Total Disposal Balance at the end last year of the year Balmand: Tehsil 1,227 1,962 3,189 1,830 1,859 Other Tehsila 2,296 2,914 4,630 1,995 2,635 35. The receipts during the year under Sub-Heads "II.- Miscellaneous Revenue and Duties" (consisting mainly of succession and adoption fees) and "111.-Sale of Government Property" (consisting of sale proceeds of Nazul land and grant of title deeds for houses), which are dealt with by the dialmandı are given below: II. Miscellaneous Revenue and Duties Rs (1) Fees on conveyance of immovable property in the Capital. 1,56,476 (2) Foes on conveyance of immovablo property in the Districts 2,05,028 (3) Fees on talika, of sitos in the Capital 3,464 (4) Fees on talka of sites in the Districts 1,726 (5) Feos on grant of title-deeds in the Capital 4.803 (6) Fees on grant of title-deede in the Districts ... 1,604 (7) Heirship and unregistered adoption fees Nil (8) Fees for adoption deeds 1,431 (9) Court of Wards receipts 14,894 (10) Fees on luxury shows 7.259 (11) Fides for unauthorised constructions 30 (19) Miscellaneous fees 6.107 Total 4,63,62 + ·52 ... III. Sale of Government Property. (1) Sale of houses ... (2) Sale proceeds of land in the Capital (3) Sale proceeds of land in City suburbs (4) Sale proceeds ol land within the City Walls... (5) Sale proceeds of land in the Districts (6) Sale proceeds of land in the Grain Mandi at Nokha (7) Sale procceds of stores and material other than those pro. vided under Departments concerned (8) Finos for State land occupied in excess of patta (9) Miscellansons Rs. 1,777 6,631 Nil Nil 57,383 Nil . ... ... .. Nil '3,880 897 ... Total 70,466 Registration. Registration 36. The information about the number of doouments registered, their value and the fees collected for their registration is . given below:- Documents No. of deeds registered Aggregate Value of property Fees realised Rs. 29. P RE 26 P. Mortgages 1,311 22,32,095 00 6,46900 Sales 2,971 93,66,481 3 0 16,630 16 0 Wille 129 400 0 0 20,50000 55,015 0 0 Bonds 18 97 0 0 Driscollaneous 894 | 18,81,508 1 0 3,746 80 27,813 7 0 Total 5,356 1,95,57,599 0 1 37. Receipts from Registration in the previous year came to Rs. 26,713-2.0." Bunda. 38. During the year under review there were fourteen Bunds in the State - at Gajner, Mudh, Golri and Gangasarowar, Salya, Khurdi, Chak Buods Nos. 1 to 4, Jhinjania Mandal, Chabia and Kinya in the Sadar Division.

·63 "Irrigation. Irrigation from wells and bunds. 39. 472 Bighas were irrigated from wells, as against 927 in the previous year. The area irrigated by the Bunds was 3,623 Bighas as against 2,553 in the previous year. Katli Nadi and the Western Jumna Canal. 40. During the year under review the Katli Nadi did not flow and hence no irrigation was done from it. An area of 699 Bighas was irrigated by the Western Jumna Canal in Tehsil Bhadra. Nali. 41. The Trater in the Nali flowed from the 2nd February to the 7th February and from the 22nd September to 22nd October 1945. An area of 21,083 Biglas was inundated. Ghaggar Canals. 42. The Northern and Southern canals flowed from the 18th July to the 21st October 1945. A total area of 9,140 Bighas, i.e, 3,777 Bighas in Kharif and 5,363 Bighas in Rabi, was irrigated during the year as against 9,694 Bighas in Kharif and 21,076 Bighas in Rabi or a total of 30,669 Bigbas in 1943-44. 43. The mater rate levied on the Ghaggar Canals during the year is given below:- Kharif 1911 Rabi 1914-46 Total Rs. 1. P. Rs. 39. P. Ito GS. p. Uanumsogarh ... 4,016 0 5,160 14 3 9.935 3 TIDI 1.760 ? 0 3,417 13 6 5,297 15 6 Total 5,894 8,COS 19 3 11,843 08 ol ·54 44. Out of the total amount of Rs. 14,448-0-3, Rs. 1,662-10-6 wero romitted, leaving a balance of Rs. 12,780-5-9 as the net amount ngsessed. Out of this Rs. 2,483-1-6 only were recovered, and Rs. 10,207-4-3 renginod as arrears, up to June 1945. The total uxpenditure, including the contribution paid to the Punjab Government, amounted to Rs. 10,651-7-0. Gang Canal Colony. 45. Until 1927 there was practically no irrigation in the State, the crops depending only on scanty rainfall. The construction of the Gang Canal taken from the Sutlej River and its opening in 1927, has helped to protect about 1,000 sq. miles of land in the northern part of the State from famine The total length of the main Canal from the Ferozepur Headworks is 158.4 miles. About 90 miles of this length is lined with concrete to conserve water, and prevent water logging. It is believed to be the longest lined canal in the worla. Progress of irrigation. 46. The total area irrigated by the Gang Canal during the year under report was 8,38,231 Bighas, out of which 8,09,324 Bighas natured. Assessment of Water and Crop Rates. 47. The total assessment for water and crop rates includ-/ ing arrears of the past years was Rs. 29,75,799-14-6-out of which Rs. 19,85,482-7-0 were for water rate and Rs. 9,90,317-7-6 for orop rate. Out of this & sum of Rs. 29,32,869-8-9 was recovered. The arrears at the close of the year amounted to Rs. 42,940-5-9 (water rate Rs: 27,464-9-9 and crop rata Rs. 15,475-12-0). Percentage of recovery worked out to 9865 as against 98-94 of the preceding year, 48. The Gang Canal was originally designed to irrigate about 6,22,686 Bighas out of a culturable commanded ares of 10,97,643 Bigbas. As a result, borover, of subsequent negotiations, the Bikaner share of water was in 1937 increased - ·56 13% .. . ... from 2,144 to 2,720 cusecs and the Canal mas redesigned to irrigate about 8} lakhs of Bigbas. Since it was opened in 1927 the figuras of irrigation have been as follors :- Yar Bigbaa Irrigated Percebtage failed 1927-28 7,223 1% 1928-29 3,08,066 1929-30 5,29,359 9% 1930-31 5,61,995 15% 1931-32 4,95,022 14% 1932-33 4,94,986 16 5% 1933-34 6,03,854 107% 1934-35 5,52,171 134% 1935-36 6,06,767 15 8% 1936-37 6,44,652 9'6 1937-38 7,15,628 81% 1938-39 7,30,633 86% 1939-40 7,63,989 94% 1940-41 8,06,717 4 396 1941-42 7,39,063 92 1949.43 8,29,987 6'3% 1943-44 8,48,189 53% 1944.45 8,53,856 Sale of Canal Land. 49. During the year under report 28,381 Bighas 9 Biswas of agricultural land was sold at a cost of Rs. 61,87,546-5-6. The total area sold up to the end of the year was 4,46,529 Biglas 97 Biswas for Rs. 5,94,52,286-5-6. Total income from sale of agricultural and urban land in the Colony area upto the ond of 1944-46 was Rs. 6,30,43,406-4-4. Exchange of Land. 50. With a view to accommodate the purchasers of land in the Canal Colony, whererer their grieraaces Wero legitimate, land was allowed to be exchanged. In the year under report the total number of exchange cases settled was 54, out of mbich 45 were within the same Chaks and 9 outside the Chaks. ... .. 4'3% ·06 Nazrana from old seltlers. 51. The Nazrana receipts up to the end of the year 1944-46 were as detailed below: During 1944-46 Up to 1914.45 Rs. A9, P. Rs. • A&. p. Ocoupancy Rights 2,23,953 14 0 30,03,959 10 6 Proprietary Rights 4,67,633 8 O 60,27,019 1 6 Total 6,90,987 6 0 90,81,000 19 0 . Expenditure. 52. The total oxponditure on the Project up to the end of October 1945 (both direct and indirect) amounted to Rs. 3,25,16,414. This figure does not include book adjustments concerning tho Revenue, Railway and other Departments. Mandis. 53. There are 9 important Mandis in the Canal Area, viz., Ganganagar, Karanpur, Raisinghnagar, Bijeynagar, Gajsinghpur, Hindumalkote, Kesrisinghpur, Jetsarand Anupgarh. In the Barani Area there are 3 Mandis, viz., Sangaria and Sadulshahr in Tehsil Hanumangarh and Lakhuwali' in Tehsil Suratgarh. There is one Kutcha Mandi at Padampur. All the Mandis did good business. 59. The condition of the Mandis iemained satisfactory. The income on account of the sale of residential sites and sites for Mandi shops including rent of temporary lease of shops and Abntas amounted to Rs. 5,89,282-6-9 in the Canal Area. No sites pero sold at Mandis in the Barani Area. The total receipts from the sale of the sites in Mandis from the very beginning up to the end of the year 1944-45 amounted to Rs. 36,09,590-4-3. Abadi sites in Chats. 55. The population in the villages in the Canal Aren indicated a satisfactory rise. The income on account of sale of sites in these villages during the year amounted to Rg. 95,247-3-3 as against Rs. 71,637-14-0 in the preceding year ·57 and the total recoveries upto tlic end of 1914-17 anounted to Rs. 4,56,473-6-9. Works 56. During the year under review most of the works done in the Irrigation Department related to keeping the channels in an eficient order in addition to some other works donc for other departments. Survey on Bhakra Dam Project. 57. An area of 20,600 acres was surveyed, but further piogress was hampered for tant of establishment. 58. 80 miles of lerelling and planetable survey bave been dono in the tract of Sangaria Mandi and of other villages in connectiou with the scheme to provide drinking water to the residents of the above villages from an adjoining distributary of the Sirhind Canal in the Punjab.

·58 CHAPTER V. Production and Distribution, General. 1. Rajasevaprasakta T. G. Rama Iyer, Devclopnient Commissioner, was appointed as Minister for Rural Reconstruction in January 1945, while the portfolio rclating to Trnde, Coumerce and Industries was placed under Rro Bahadur Thakur Pratap Singhji. Agriculture. 2. Mr. Shamsler Sugli continued to be the Agricultural Oflicer during the year under review. In the middle of Mnrch 19:15, the Agriculture Department was reorganised and split up into the following three sections: (1) Experimental Section. (2) Tarın Seotion consisting of the Experimental Farm (non-experimental work) and the Seed Farın at Ganganagar (3) Propaganda Section. Experia Experimental Section, 3. The Experimental Farm at. Ganganagar (104:36 acres) worked satisfactorily. A large number of experiments were conducted by tests under local conditions with different varieties of cotton, linseed. oil secds, went and gram; and methods for jmproring the quality and yield were explained to agricul. turists. Similarly small growth tests of chillies, grasses, jowar, soyabean, groundnut, ragi, guara and onts were also carried out. Form Section * 4. An area of 58*74 acres tras sown under non-experiniental crops, mainly cotton, maslı, sugarcane, trlicat and grani.

·59 Seed Form of Ganganagar. 5. One Seed Farm - 422 acres in area - is attached to the Experimental Farın at Ganganagar in Chak I-e, for multiplication of seeds of utoprored varieties. The crops and yields of the Experimental Farin were normal. 162 maunds 3 seers of wheat seeds of approred varieties and 409 maunds 30 seers of cotton seeds were sold to the cultivators. Propaganda Section. 6. This section has received special attention of the agriculturists. Demonstration I'arms opened in 1940 at Ganganagar, Karnupur, Padampur, Raisinghnagar and Jetsar are serving as demonstration centres for the improved methods of agriculture for sowing improved crops and for serving as seed depots. They are run by Aguicultural Inspectors who also sell improved varieties of seeds to cultivators. Agricultural Exhibitions 7. Agricultural Exhibitions were arranged at the Ganganagar District Board Cattle Fair, the Gogameri Fair and the Bikaner War Fete. These were attended by a great number of people to whom methods of locust control in various stages and use of unproved seeds and manure etc. were explained. 8. The Agricultural Inspectors attend to the call of culti- Tators to help them in their difficulties. They also distribute leaflets containing departmental instructions on growing cotton Sugarcane and control of pests, etc. Forests. General, 9. The total income was Rs. 5,603-13-0 as compared to Rs. 4,763-12-9 of the previous year. Plantation of Trees. 10. The trees planted in the Nandis in the Canal Arca grew nicely. 20.140 nen trees were planted in the Gauganagar Divisiou besides maintaining tlic trees already planted. Elurts are being made to grow as many more trees and WALA ·60 as possible and tho advantages of growing more trees were brought homo to the Zamindars. The Government Nurseries at Ganganngir, Karappur, Raisinghvagar and Jetsar kept a large stock of Shisham, Siris, Neem and other trees which were issued frco of cost for plantation. In the Sadar Divison also 34,294 trees were planted. Animal Husbandry. General. i 11. In consultation with Mr. Warc, Animal Husbandry Conmissioner to tho Govornment of India, a scheme for the improvement of Bikaner sheep by the issue of selected stud rams to shepherds had been adopted last year. The results obtained woro satisfactory, 12. A Central Sheep Breeding Farm at Kodamdesar and 4 othors with a total strength of 2128 sheep were maintained. 13, The total yield of wool from the Government flocks was 88} maunds with an average of 1 seer 10 chbatak of wool per sheop. Co-oporative Credit Societies. General 14. Mr. D. R. Saini, B.A., B. Com. (Edin.), continued to be the Registrar of Co-operative Societies. 15. There were 53 Co-operative Credit Societies and two Co-operative Commission and Supply Societies working in the Ganganagar Circle during the year. The total of now loans issued during the year announted to Rs. 38,250-0-0. Tho total recovories effected during the year amounted to Rs. 28,762-15-3 i.e. Rs. 17,112 towards principal and Rs. 11,650-15-3 ils interest. 26 Co-operative Credit Societies paid up their liabilities of the Central Co-operative Bauk iu full and deposited Rs, 21,586 in current account with the Ceutral Co-operative Bank, Ganganagar.

·61 16. The net and accrued profits carned by the Co-operatire Credit Societies ninounted to Rs. 50,338-6-3 and Rs. 39,109-3-1 respectively. The total working Capital of the Co-operative Credit Societies was Rs. 71,110-7-0. Central Co-operative Land Mortgage Bank, Ganganagar. 17. The year xoder reviews was the 15th year of the work. iog of the Bank. The financial position of the Bank remained stable. Thc recorcries of loans from the Societies amounted to Rs. 36,198 as principal and Rs. 4,280-10-8 as interest. Bikaner State Railway Co-operative Credit Society. 18. The share Capital of the Society was Rs. 47,570 as, against Rs. 47,820 in the previous year. The total number of members on the 31st October 1915 was 734 as against 715 in 1943-44. Commerce and Industries. State Cottage Industries. 19. The Cottage Industries Institute remained in charge of Lala Durga Prasad. 20. The Institute turned out 2,766 yards of fine woollen treeds and 13,895 yards of other varieties of clotb. Italian type blankets were also successfully prepared. Dyeing of plain check tweeds, cotton and woolleu yarn was carried out on a large scale. The sales of the produce of the Institute amounted to Rs. 11,155-10-9. To make the Institute more useful, liberal stipends are awarded to the trainees. 21. The Government were pleased to sanction a Tweeds Scheme on a large scale for training local weavers in tho manufacture of twcods from local hand-spun woollen yarn. A suin of Rs. 1,00,000 was sanctioned for the above scheme, and manufacture of fine tweeds, twisted check tweeds and plain check tweeds was taken up. 22. The following sections ircle added during the year:- (1) Hosiery scction, ·62 (2) Truniog nud Leather section, and (3) Ornamental and Lacquer works section. A branch of the Institute was opened at Churu. Paper Factory 23. The Factory started working on the 1st Warch 1945. Nccossary training is being given to a number of selected boys. Blotting paper of fairly good type bas been produced and oxperiments are being made for manufacturing foolscap paper. Bank of Bikaner Limited. 24. The openiug ceremony of the Bank of Bikaner Limitod was perforıncd by His Highness the Maharaja on the 31st January 1946. Applications for shares to the value of mora than Rs. 21 orores were reccived against Rs, 1 crore called for. His Higlinoss' Government also subscribed a substantial part of tho sharo capital of the Bank. With the opening of this Bank, all banking business and the treasury Tork of the Stato have beco entrusted to it, while functions of the State Savings Bank wore confined to the Savings Bank business. 25. During the period of 9 months the Bank was in oxistence, 16 Branches were opened, including at Bombay and Karachi. Oponing of more branches is under contemplation. 26. The following figuros show the working of the Bank as on the 31st October 1915 :- On 31st January 1915. On 31st October 1948. Rs. Rs. Working oapital 46,60,847 3,55,11,200 On 30th April 1945. On 31st October 1945. Rs. Rs. Savings Bank Deposits 4,08,140 13,92,700 Current Account Deposits 1,02,94,129 1,5-4,26,600 Fixed Deposits 22,56,367 1,18,18,900 ·09 Joint Stock Companies 27. The number of Joint Stock Companies registered in the State upto the 31st October 1947 as 33 with a working capital of orer ton crores. Manufacture of Salt petre 28. The contract for manufacturing saltpctre in the Telisils of Bhadra, Rajgarlı and Nohar continued to be held by lſessrs. Liladhar Yogeshwar Saraf of Bhadru. The minimum guaranteed quantity continued to be 2.600 maunds with a royalty of Rs. 325 in addition to the usual custonis duty. The contract for Hanumangarh reinained with Messrs. Sheo Narain and Sons. The minmum quantity that the contractors were required to export was 2,460 maunds as in the previous year and a royalty of Rs. 200 was to be charged over and above the usual customs charges. 1,225 maunds of Potassium chloride was manufactured during the your Gypsum. 29. The lease of gypsuin deposits was given for five year's to Messrs. Natural Science India, Ltd., of Calcutta commencing from the 17th October 1942, on payment of Rs. 25,000 as royalty per year for the export of 50,000 tous of gypsum. . Multani Mitti. 30. The contract for oxcavating, selling and exporting multani initti at Mudh and Palana, sanctioned in November 1942 for three years, continued to remain with contractor Ram Rakhamal. There was great difficulty in obtaining wagons and 1,160 and 1,409 tons of Multan Vitti were exportod by the contractor from Palana and Mudh respectively. Glass Factory. 31. The Glass Factory mas first started at Bikaper in 1930, but had closed down in 1931-32. It mas serired and started wanufacturing in June 1945. Apart from many other . CN ·04 concessions and facilities, a monopoly for a period of 10 years for the whole of the State was granted to it. About 400 labourers have been employed in the factory. The capital exceeds Rs. 51 lacs. Its production per day is about 15,000 units of nearly 40 varieties. Bikaner Industrial Corporation, Lid. 32. Monopolies have been granted to Divan Bahadur Kesrisinghji of Kotab for the following industries : (1) Vaccum Pan Sugar. (3) Distillation of Spirits and Porror Alcohol. (3) Plastic Products. (4) Confectionery. (6) Cardboard. (6) Biscuits, (7) Maida (IIills upto 20 maunds capacity being exempted). (8) Starch. (9) Processing Oats and Barley. (10) Extraction of oil. (11) Manufacture of soap and lubricating oil A company with an authorised capital of one crore has been registered under the name of "Bikaner Industrial Corporation, Ltd." in the State for financing the industries, Bone Crushing Foctory. 33. Monopoly for a period of 5 years lias been granted to Messrs. Padaichand Bhagchand and Co. of Jaipur for starting a Bone Crusliing I'nctory. Paints. 34. The Delhi Cloth and General Vills, Ltd. hare been permitted to carry out a surrey of the area around Gajner aud Kolagat to prospect ocbres in connection with manufac- • turing paints.

·65 Power Loom Factory at Sardarshahr and Hand Loom Industry at Churu. 35. The Porrer Loom Factory of Vessrs. Sagar Mal Swaroop Chand at Sardarsbabr and the Hand Loom Factory at Churui continued to fork satisfactorily during the year under review. Other small industries. 36. There are 88 flour mills and a number of saw mills, rice-bullers, oil inills, Dal mills, repairing workshops, and factories for ice candy, soap, hosiery, Gota etc. Palaza Colliery. General. 37. The resignation of Dr. C. D. Pande baving been accepted, Dr. A. B. Mukerji took over charge as the Mine Manager, Palana Colliery, on the 21st October 1944. Coal raisings. 38. The mine is worked departmentally. Due to paucity of coal winding sbafts only 43,069 tons of coal were raised during the year as against 54,084 tons during the preceding year. This output was disposed of as shown below:- Tons. Electrical and Mechanical Department.... 37,405 State Railway 1,456 Public 2,682 Colliery consumption 1,303 Colliery contractor 223 39. The average daily number of workmen working in the Mine was 179. Of these 100 worked upderground and 79 on the surface. 40. The average output of coal per head ras as follows: Under ground Above ground 1944.45 1914--13 1'025 Tons 1096 Tons 1428 Tons 1430 Tons 374 125 400010 521 220 $21 950 - ... DU. .... 1913-14 1993.14 Per day Per year D . 1 ·66 41. The average daily earnings of a miner, worked out to Rs. 1-12-0, and grain compensation was granted over and above this earning. 42. No accident occurred during the year, under report. Revenue and Expenditure. 43. The total expenditure during the year was Rs. 1,78,915 as compared with Rs. 1,96,680 in the previous year and the average selling price per ton was Rs. 8-7-3 against Rs. 8-14.0 per ton in the previous year. The total receipts amounted to Rs. 3,64,042 as against Rs. 4,81,730 in the previous year. The ratio between revenue and expenditure was 2:03:1 as compared with 24:1 during 1943-44. Capital Account 44. The capital expenditure amounted to Rs. 1,09,470-9-6 which was spent on sinking and equipping coal winding and ventliation shafts, purchase of machinery and the extension of collicry siding. Multani Mitti, 45.5' diameter shaft continued to yield excellent quantity of multani mitti. The total quantity raised and despatched was 1,165 tons. Geological Department. General, 46. The Geological Department was established with the object of carrying out a geological survey of the State with special reference to minerals of economic value and under-, ground water supply etc. Dr. W. Chowdhry, Ph. D., M.M.G.I., was appointed as the State Geologist and Mr. Kanailal, M.Sc., F.G.M.S., as the Assistant Geologist in May 1945. Drills and Laboratory, 47. Out of three drilling machines sanctioned to be purchased, only one was obtained during the year. The pucleus of a laboratory was also established.

·67 Castoms and Excise, General 48. Jehta Sbir Baksh Kochar, Inspector-General of Customs and Excise, retired on the 8th November 1944 and was succeeded by Pt. R. K. Chaturvedi, B.A., Deputy Inspector- General of Custoins and Escise. Exemption and Romission of duties. 49. The orders relating to the exemption of oustoms duty on Gur Belaps and building materials imported in the Canal Colony were further extended by one year. 50. Customs duty on the import of agricultural implements by the dealers was ordered to be remitted when sold to agriculturists. 51. The total receipts from all heads (excepting Excise and Excise duty on sugar) amounted to Rs. 29,09,751-8-0 as against Rs. 21,82,339-4-0 in the previous year. The total expenditure amounted to Rs. 1,68,327-12-6 as compared with Rs. 1,44,395.9-3 of the last year. Customs. 52. The receipts under this Lead amounted to Rs. 28,25,002-9-6 as against Rs. 20,67,342-15-6 in 1913-44, showing an increase of Rs. 7,57,659-10-0, which was mainly due to the increase in imports of 'gur, rice, kırana, uprefined sugar, perfumery tobacoo, bides, vegetable products and silver and export of inale goats and rams. The total expenditure was Rs. 1,56,867-3-6 as against Rs. 1,33,382-14-3 of the previous year. Salt. 53. The total receipts on account of refund of Lalf duty on salt including the annual subsidy of Rs. 10,000 from the Government of India amounted to Rs. 60,402-2-9 as against Rs. 99,869-8-3 of the previous year, showing a decrease of ·68 Rs. 39,467-5-0 which was due to the fact that salt subsidy of Rs. 10,000 and refund of half duty for the half year ending 30th September 1945 were not received from the Government of India during the year under review. The expenditure under this head camo to Rs. 10,951-8-3 as against Rs. 10,603-4-0 of the preceding year. Stone. 54. The receipts from royalty charged on stone quarried. at Dulmera and Bidasar came to Rs. 3,025-5-0 while that of the previous year was Rs. 1,797-13-9, and the expenditure to Rs. 509-0-9 as against Rs. 409-7-0 in the previous year. Jamsar Gypsum. 55. Royalty ou gypsum exported by road is collected through this Department and a sum of Rs. 263-5-6. 1726 realised as against Rs 467-8-0 during the last year. Multani Mitti, 56. Royalty recovered on inultani mitti of Mudh was Rs. 18,486-6-3 as against Rs. 9,570-2-3 of the last year. Miscellaneous (Rental of State Houses ) 57. The receipts recovered under this head ainounted to Rs. 1,846-14-0 as against Rs. 1,867-4-3 of the preceding year. Export of Cows. 58. Tic receipts under this lead which are specially earmarked for the improvement of the breed of cattle ainounted to Rs. 721-13-0 as against Rs. 1,424-0-0 in the previous year. The decrease is due to the embargo placed on the export of cons (ron the State. Municipal Cess. . 59. The aggregato collection of taxes for all municipalities recovered through this Departinent announted to Rs. 61,779-6-1 on which Rs. 5,183-5-0 rere retainod as collection charges at 8.

·69 Excise. 60. As an anti-inflationary measure, the selling rates of opiam, ganja, country spirit and methylated spirits were raised. Country Spirit. 61. The contract for the manufacture and supply of country spirit for the year was renered in favour of Dessrs. Ram Chandra Balabus of Samblıar. 62. The total receipts from sale of country spirit, including licence fee for spirits, fipes and penalties, etc., amounted to Rs. 8,44,058-4-0 as against Rs. 6,20,434-6-6 in the last year showing an increase of Rs. 2,23,623-13-6. Hemp drugs. 63. The total receipts under this head amounted to Rs. 1,80,367-10-6 as against Rs. 1,22,684-0-3 in 1943-44. The increase was mainly due to higher bids offered and prices charged for hemp drugs. Opium. 64. The total receipts under this head amounted to Rs. 19,53,339-2-9 as against Rs. 16,44,760-7-9 of the preceding year, the increase being due to the selling rate of opium and contract money having been raised. Expenditure. in the previous year. 65. The total expenditure under all heads in the Excise Department stood at Rs.6,96,153-12-9 as against Rs. 6,82,613-9-6 This was mainly due to increase in the purchase price of excisable drugs. Government Press. General, 66. It is a well equipped Press and executes the entire printing work of the State including that of the Bikaner State Railway. The machinery is run by electric power. It also uudertakes scuni-official and private printing work as time and ·70 circumstances permit. The work 'in the Press increased considerably owing to the War and Trith the creation of several now departments, but was carried on satisfactorily and efficiently. 67. The Press and the Stationery Depot remained in the portfolio of the General Secretary, during the year under report. Pt. Sri Ram continued to be the Superintendent of the Government Press and Controller of Stationery throughout the year. Establishment 68. The total strength of the Press establishment and the Stationery Depot together with ministerial staff auring the year under report remained 110 as in the preceding year. Stamp Printing 69. The total number of Stamp papers of various denominations printed in the Press during the year under report came to 8,66,000 as compared to 3,55,000 in the preceding year, the increase being due to an enbanced demand from the State Treasury. Bikaner Raipatra. 70. The number of copies of the Rajpatra printed was 693 as agaiust 696 in the preceding year. Out of this 225 copies Wero supplied to various Government Departments and to other Iudian States as complimentary copies. The receipts from subscription and publication of court notices, etc., amountcd to Rs. 10,356-8-0 as against Rs. 9,711-14-0 in the previous year. The cost of production of the Rajpatra amounted to Rs. 9,957-10-0. Plant and flachinery: 71. Material worth Rs. 7,886-9.0 was purchased during thc year, Thc total value of the old plant and machinery (less depreciation) including that was purchased during the year as Rs. 1,02,029. ,1 1 ·71 Expenditure and Receipts. 72. The expenditure on pay and allowances, electric power, contingencies, material, type, etc., amounted to Rs. 60,581-12-6 as compared Tith Rs. 50,490-9.9 in the preceding year. "Esta blishment" alonc cost Rs. 46,866-3-0 as against Rs. 38,323-6-0 in the preceding scar. The total cost of printing paper and binding material purchased from the Stationery Depot and consumed during the year amounted to Rs. 1,05.841-0-0. Thus the total cspenditure during the ycar amounted to Rs. 1,66,422-12-6. Out of this a sum of Rs. 7,886-9-0 was accounted for under head "Tools and Plants". Thus the recurring expenditure amounted to Rs. 1,58,536-3-9. The gross carnings during the year amounted to Rs. 2,29,177-5-0 as compared with Rs. 2,04,681-1-3 in the previous year. The net profit amounted to Rs. 70,641-1-3. Stationery Depot. 73. The year under Trepoit opened with a balance of stationery and paper valued at Rs. 1,56,621-15-0, inclusive of customs duty etc. to which nes stock worth Rs. 1,15,880-6-7 tas added, making the total stock worth Rs. 2,72,502-6-7. The undermentioned supplies were made during the year:--- P. 0 Government Offices Government Press Private indişiduals Rs. 70,280 1,05,811 982 as. 6 0 0 0 0 . Total 1,77,103 6 0 ·72 CHAPTER VI. Protection, Legislation. Legislative Assembly Session. 1. Only one session of the Legislative Assembly was held during the year under review and that was on the 28th and 29th May 1915. 2. The business included 5 Resolutions, 71 Interpellations and 4 Government Bills. 3. Reference has already been made in Chapter II) to the constitutional reforms granted by His Highness. The reconstituted Assembly consists of 51 meinbers as below:- Nominated. (1) Members of the Executive Council . 6 (2) Rajvies 2 (3) Other Official and Non-official Members 14 .. .. 22 ... Elected. (1) Elected by Tazimi Sardars (2) Elected by Dunicipalities (3) Elected by District Boards 3 16 10 .... v.. 29 Legislation. 4. Subject to the usual safeguards and stipulations the Assembly deals finally with the legislative measures in the State. All members have the right of introducing Bills and proposing amendments when they are taken into consideration in the Assembly Resolutions, 5. Any member may more n resolution of general public interest and au amendment while the resolution is under ·73 discussion.. Resolutions passed by the Assembly have effect Ho recommendations to His Highness. The Assembly also mires motions for adjourument to discuss watters of general public importance. 6. The resolutions passed by the Assembly related to (1) the unconditional surrender of Gerinany and the great contribution of the State towards the War effort, (2) felicitations on His Highness' safe return from Actire Service on the Burma Front. (3) the grant of constitutional reforms enlarging the powers and fuoctions of the Legislative Assembly. (4) expression of great indebtedness and devotion to His Highness the Mabaraja for the all-round development of the State and the bappiness and prosperity of bis beloved subjects. (5) appointment of Mt. K. M. Panikkar, Prime Minister, as one of the Delegates of the Commonwealth Relations Conference and his playing an important role in international politics. All these resolutions were passed unanimously. Intorpellations. 7. Any member can ask questions of general public interest and put supplementary questions for elucidation of any matter regarding tobich information bad been asked for in the original question. Budget. 8. The Assembly has been authorised to rote on the appropriation of revenue relating to certain beads, such as Education, Health, Works of Public Utility and Welfare, and other. nation-building rctivitics, under head Beneficent Departments in the Annual Finnocial Statement. other heads, the Assembiy may discuss the Financial statement As regards ·74 and elicit information on any item of 'h tatement by means of questions. Only a few subjects are at p sent excluded from the purview of the Assembly. A Standi Public Accounts Committee from among the members of the Assembly has also been appointed and given such potrers as are enjoyed by such committees elsewhere. Deputy President and Panel of Chairmen. 9. The Deputy President is appointed by His Highness from among the elected Members. Thakur Kan Singh was 80 appointed. 10. At the commencement of every session, the President nominates a panel of three persons from among the members, one of whom may preside in the absence of the President and the Vice-President. The panel so appointed consisted of:- (1) Raja Pratap Singhji of Bidasar. (2) Rai Bahadur Seth Narsinghdasji Dagt. (3) Sheikh Nissar Ahmed. Under Secretaries to Government. Tere 11. Three Under Secretaries to Government adpointed from among the non-oficial elected members of the Assembly and attached to certain Government Departments, as shown belos:- (1) Rawat Tej Singhji of Rawatsar Development. (2) Sardor Mastan Singki.... Rural Re-construction. (3) Pt. Jeth Mnl Acharya, NI.A., LL.B. Education and Public Healti. Rules of Business. ... 12. The Rules of Business of the Assembly have beon liberalised and the Assembly is empowered to make its Own rules for the conduct of its business.

·75 Bills, 13. The following Governulent Bills were introduoed in the Assembly:- (1) Land Rereduc Bill, 1915. (2) Tenancy Bill, 1945. (3) Yorkmca's Compensation Bill, 1945. ($) Contract Act (Amendment) Bill, 1945. 14. Of the abore 4 Bills the first threa vero referred to Select Committees and the last one was passed by the House and received His Highness the Maharaja's assent. Emergency Legislation in connection with the War. 15. As a inatter of co-operntion with the Central Governwent towards the successful prosecution of the War, various important orders and amendments thereto, issued under the Defence of Inçlia Rules by the Government of India in connec. tion with the War, were adopted or promulgated in the Stato with necessary modifications. The following are some such orders (1) Prohibition of milk for non-essential uses Order, 1944. (2) Flour (use in soap inaking) Prohibition Order, 1944, (8) Prohibition of sale of pneumatic tyres and tubes at prices higher thay those fixed by the Government of India Order, 1941. (4) Vegetables Export Probibition Order, 1944. (5) Paper Price Control Order, 1941, (6) Paper Control (Prices of board) Order, 1944. (7) Paper (Prices of imported paper) Control Order, 1944. (8) Prohibition of sale of cycle tyres and tubos at prices higher than those fixed by the Governnicnt Ordei, 19-44. (9) Motor Vehicles Spare Parts Control Older, 1944. (10) Restriction on Booking of Parcels by Passenger Train Order, 1915.

·76 (11) Woollen Goods Control Order, 1945. (12) Railway Stores (Unlawful Possession) Order, 1915. (13) Use of firewood for making charcoal for sale Prohibition Order, 1945. (14) Export of poultry and eggs Prohibition, Order, 1945. (15) Prohibition of Import of Foodstuffs Control Order, 1945. (16) Cotton Cultivation Order, 1945. (17) Footwear Control Order, 1945. (18) Vegetable Oil Products Control Order, 1945. (19) Bras: Utensils Revised Control Order, 191õ. (20) Prohibition of use of firewood for brick kilns, mills or factories Order, 1945. (21) Imported Cotton Cloth and Yarn (Regulation of Possesion and Sale) Order, 1945. Justice. General 16. Dr. S. N. Mushran, M.A., Bar-at-Lars, continued to be the Chief Justice of the High Court of Judicature throughout the year under report, while Justice Sher Singhji, NL.A., LL.B. and Justice Rizavi Syed Mushir-al-Hasanji, B.Sc., LL.B., continued to be the first and the second Puisne Judges, respectively. Courts. 17. There was no change in the number of either the Ciril or the Criminal Courts during the year. There were 23 Civil and 11 Criminal Courts, Criminal Courts, 18. At the commencement of the year 1,162 cases were pending from the last year. The total number of cases brought to trial dariog the year as 4,447 against 4,659 in the preceding year. The Courts disposed of 4,162 cases, leaving 3 balance of 1,457 at the end of the year. The total number of persons dealt with was 9,190 including 1,839 persons ·amaiting trial at the close of the preceding year. Cases against 7,468 persons were dieposed of. The percentage of disposal nas 78-59 against 82.23 in thc preceding year. 19. The percentage of convictions in the various Courts was as follows: Courts No. disposed of No. of copyje. tions Percontage High Court (Sessions) District Magistrates' Courts District Judges' Courts City Magistrate's Court, Sadar Vangifls' Courts Tehsildars' Courts Honorary Magistrate's Court, Sadar 60 316 153 599 3,914 2,317 119 26 72 63 195 876 112 6 43'33 2278 4117 32 55 22-22 483 5'04 Sessions Court. 20. The High Court as the Court of Sessions dealt with 41 cases involving 106 persons, as against 39 cases involving persons in the preceding year. Of these, 29 cases involving 60 persons were disposed of, Icaring 15 cases involving 46 persons pending at the close of the year. The average duration of the cases was 52 days as against 63 days in the last year. Out of 60 persons 26 (43.33%) were convicted and 24 (40%) were acquitted. The rest either di or were remanded. 21. The details of 29 cases disposed of by the Sessions Court are given below:- 1943-14. 1944-45, Cases. Persons. Cases Persons. (a) Affecting life (6) Kidnapping ... (c) Attempt to burder (2) Causing simplo and griepous burt 10 (e) Rape Offences against property- (1) Theft and roceiving stolen property 3 6) Robbery and dacoity ... 1 Offences against persons - 11 1 22 1 20 1 8 8 21 1 3 . 3 2 .

·+ 78 Alscellaneous.- 2 5 (a) Relating to coin (6) Other orimes 1 1 I Total 344 66 29 60 The percentage of disposal came to 5271 against 87'17 in the preceding gear. Assessors 22. The system of trial with the aid of assessors worked satisfactorily during the year under report. Criminal Appellate Work, 23. At the commencement of the year 68 appeals and applications for revision were pending from the previous year. The pumber of appeals and applications for revision insti. tuted during the year was 477, as against 598 in the previous year. Out of this total of 546 cases, 484 were disposed of, leaving a balance of 61 involving 114 persons. The totál number of persons involved was 949 including 114 persous whose applications were peading from the preceding year. Sentences were confirmed in the case of 451 persons, and reversed in 150 cases. In the case of the romaining persons oither further enquiries were ordered or their appeals were pending.' Criminal Appellate work of the Judicial Committee. 24. During the year under report 45 criminal appeals from the orders of tho High Court were disposed of by the Judicial Committee Out of those, 42 (93.33%) were disallowed, 2 (4'14%) wero, partially accepted and 1 (2.22%) was allowed. Criminal Appellate work of the High Court, 25. The High Court as a Court of Appeal had to deal with 110 appcals and applications for rovision including 58 appeals and applicatioos for revision pending from the preceding year. Of these, 367 appeals and applications were disposed of, leaving 13 cases pending at the end of the year.

·79 26. The following table gires the pumber of Original and Appellate cases instituted and disposed of by the various Criminal Courts of the State during the year under report :- Cases to be disposed of Kinds of CSS3 Cases disposed of Pendins Instituted from the during tho year Ponding at the end of tho year Total Last year Appellate GS 477 645 484 61 Original 1,162 5,609 4,152 1,457 Civil Courts. 27. The High Court on its original side entertains suits above the pecuniary value of Rs. 10,000. The District Judges entertain suits of the valuation of between Rs. 2,000 and Rs. 10,000, the Munsiffs upto Rs. 2,000 and the Tehsildars, up to Rs. 200. Original Work in Civil Courts. 28. At the commencement of the year 1,518 suits were pending from the preceding year. The number of suits iustituted during the year was 2,605 out of which 25 were in the High Court, 144 in the District Judges' Courts, 2,067 in the Munsiffs' Courts and 269 in the Tehsildars' Courts. 29. The Courts dealt with 4,023 suits in all. 2,613 (64.95%) suits of the valuation of Rs 11,20,972-13-3 were disposed of during the year, leaving 1,410 suits !pending at the close of the year. Appollato Work in Civil Courts. Out of 705 appeals and applications for revision and reriery dealt with during the year, 546 were disposed of, leaving & balance of 159. The percentage of disposal came to 77*44 as 8gainst 76.76 in the preceding year. Out of these 30.

·80 31. Decisions of lower courts were confirmed in 344 (63-00%), reversed in 109 (19-96%) and amended in 37 (6*77%) appeals. Out of the remaining appeals 14 were remanded and 42 were either compromised or otherwise disposed of. Civil Appellate work in the Judicial Committee, 32. During the year under report 22 appeals were disposed of in the Judicial Committee from the decrees or orders of the High Court, out of which 15 (68.18%) were disallowed, and the remaining 7 (31.81%) were allowed. Civil Appellate Work in High Court. 33. Out of 306 appeals and applications for revision and review dealt with by the High Court, as against 262 in the preceding year, 243 (79-41%) appeals and applications were disposed of, as against 185 (7668%) in the preceding year. 34. The High Court confirmed the decisions of the lower courts in 178 (73-25%) cases, reversed in 32 (13:16%) and amended in 11 cases. One case was remanded for retrial and the remaining cases were either compromised or otherwise disposed of. Execution of Decrees. 35. There were 3,468 applications for the execution of deorees of the valution of Rs. 25,23,912-12-8 to be dealt with by all Civil Courts. Of these, 2,369 applications of the valuation of Rs. 14,97,607-12-8 tere disposed of, leaving a balance of 1,099 of the valuation of Rs. 10,26,405. The amount realised in satisfaction of decrees as Rs. 7,65,143-9-9 as against Rs. 6,27,245-11-0 in the preceding year. Royenue work. 38. The following table shows the work of the various Revenue Courts in the Sadar and Ganganagar Dirisions during the year under report:- Ganganagar, Sadar. Pending from the prerious year 6,492 5,510 Jostitated during the year ... 12,455 8,099 Total 18,877 13,635 ... Disposed of doriog the year... Pendlar u! the end of the year 11,631 0.996 7,468 6,170 ·Currere and Petition.writers 37. There were 126 fairyera practising in fnrious Courts throughout the Staic, as ngainst 113 during the year 1943-44. The Jadicial Departmeni has seen to it that theie nre enough petition writers at the headquarters of cach District or 'Tchsı to assist tie litigants who do not or cannot evgage laryers miscellaneous proceedings. These paistion writers are licensed and are in addition to those trho write applications relating to extra-judicial matters. Extradition, 38. The relations of the Bilaner State with the Britislı Government avd other lodian States in connection with the extradition of criminals continued to be cordial. 38. 139 persous scle pending estradition at the close of the last year, while prima facia evidence was forwarded in respect of 100 persons in the year 1944-45, making a total of 247 accused. During the year under reviews 100 persons were received in the State. Caso against 1 person has dropped as the prima facie cvidence in this case was found to be idsufficient. 3 accused sere arrested in the State and 3 sere released as their co-accused pere ncquitted by the Court. 40. Sımlarly, 26 persons were pending extradition from this State to foreign territories during the previous year and 27 were added during the sent, making a total of 53, out of were sent, while cases against persong were withdrawn and 23 remaineil pending at the end of 1 Tihom 28 persons the year. Police, General. 41. Ray Balindur Lala Diwan Chand continued to be the inspector-General of Police, ·82 Tours and Inspections, 42. The Officers of the Police Department at Sader and in the Districts made regular tours and inspections and also supervised many cases on the spot. Police Force. 43. The total strength of the Police Force, includivg Officers, was 2,402 as against 2,371 in the previous year. The Force consisted of the Inspector-General of Police, two Deputy Inspector-Generals of Police, 5 Superintendents, one Assistant Superintendent, one Prosocuting Deputy Superintendent, 20 Inspectors, 116 Sub-Inspectors, 307 Head Constables, 140 Literate Constables, 469 Mounted Constables and Cycle Sowars, 1,213 Foot Constables, 60 Trackers, (Khojis), 36 Office Establishinent and 25 Lover Establishment. Police Stations and out-posts 44. The number of Police Stations and out-posts was 62 and 19 respectively, besides the Police Lincs at the Capital and at Ganganagar. Distribution of Police Force. 45. The Police is divided into i Police Districts for purposes of administration, viz., City, Sadar, Suratgarlı, Ganganagar, Rajgarh, Sujingarh and the Railway. Each district (except Sujangarh and Railway which are under an Assistant Superintendent and an Inspector rcspectively) is under il Superintendent of Police who is responsible for the inintenanice of law and order in his charge. 46. In cach Police Station there i110 1150ally oue Sub-Inspector, one Head Constable and one Liteiate Constable, in addition to Sonars, Constables and a Kboji. In tue Ganganagar District where crime is largo tto Hend Constables bave been posted at each Police Station. At each Police Post-

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·84 1943.44 1944-45 District Cases Cases reported cancelled True cases Casog Cases Truo reported cancelled cases 301 City 29 358 57 301 330 Bibader (Sadar) 120 26 94 163 22 290 287 52 235 332 Sujangarh... Rajgarh 324 378 62 316 392 69 Suratgarb.. 418 76 343 307 981 74 Ganganagar 471 123! 396 948 488 92 Railway 95 36 79 140 131 9 Total 2,197 412 1,715 2,246 356 1,830 Property Stolen and recovered. 53. The statement below shows the amount of property stolen and recovered District Properts stolen Property recovered Percentago of recovery 85,118 2 6 19,254 13 9 318 49,96576 13,850 13 3115 62,916 5 0 15,989 3 6 328 Bicaner (Badar) Sujnagarh Rajgarh Surstzul 47,918 70 't 180 23,209 10 0 49,519 4 0 21,637 14 0 80-8 Gingnotger 89,420 30 30,016 2 3 33 G Rail 99,399 5 6 12,269 16 0 41 07 Total 3,67,952 96 L. 34.8 1,39.92C 11 9 Number of persons accused, arrested and convicted 54. In all 1,319 per ons were arrested in the year under report, out of whom 1,181 cre sent up for trini. Out of these, 150 pero con ricted, 313 were acquitted, 696 remaincd ·BAG Character surveillance at the end of the last year, and 150 more were added during the year under reries, making a total of 491. 96 absconded, leaving 146 excluding 21 members serving their District, Gogarueri Fair in the Rajgarh District and the Cattic 55 under trial, 272 under inititigation, él vele discharged der sochou 169 Cr. P. C. 7 persona died during trial and OSS Tas not cstradited Deputetica al force Somart for patrolling duty 55. Pairollig 2:20.Vahadandi sucre, as usual, carried out regularly sumurighent the imp. In additioval force consisting Na Sub-Ipepictors, 11 liead Constables, 6l Mounted Cons. tables and 12 Foot Constables was deputed for patrolling tho borders saints att ta sier to check smuggling of grain and cattle, sille 3 Inspectors supervised these operations, 56. There were 341 persons of bad character under Polico persons were remored from the register, 3 died, I transferred to foreiga places and 69 romained at large. 87. 141 members of Criminal Tribos fora on the register at the end of the previous year and 16 persons were added during the year, makiug a total of 166. 2 persons typya struck off the register during the year, s died, and 4 tertus of imprisonment in Jail at the end of the year. Deputation of State Police in Fairs, etc: 58. 69 religious and other fails were held during the year under review in different parts of the State, the more important being those at Sri Kolayatji and Mukan Fair in the Bikaper Fair at Gangauagar. All these fairs fere svoll-policed and arrangements regulated og usual lines. Police Training School 58. 47 cadets vere trained during the year and there usefully ernployed on trug duties in different Thavas of the Criminal Tribos. State.

·86 Finger Print and Search Slips. 60. During the year under revier Finger Print Slips of 206 convicts and 195 Search Slips of accused were sont to the Finger Print Bureau, Ajmer, and other Bureaux concerned. Foreign Bureaux traced 56 accused while the Finger Print Supervisor of the Office of the Inspector-General of Police traced previous convictions of 46 local accused. Cattle Pounds. 61. There are 92 Cattle Pounds in the State. 62. At the cloge of the previous year there were 568 cattle in the pounds, whilo 64,106 cattle were impounded during the year under report, making a total of 69,664. Out of these 66,345 were released, 3,044 sold by auction, 27 died and 248 remained impounded at the end of the year. 63. The total income from Cattle Pounds in the year under report was Rs. 68,861-11-0 (Rs. 28,246-14-3 as Cattle Pound fees and Rs. 40,604-12-9 as sale proceeds and feeding charges). Stato Railway Polico. Gonerel. 64. The Police for the State Railway continued to be undor the direct control of the Inspector-General of Police. Strongth. 06. The total number of Officers and men attached to the Railway Police was 75 as in the previous year. Longth of the Railway Line. 66. 'l'he total length of the Railway Line in the Stato territory was 883:05 miles. Thus the average length falling under the superrision of each Policeman was 11'77 miles. Cognizable Casts 67. 140 cascs were registered, out of which 62 remained untraced. In the remaining 78 cases 146 persons frere involved, ·out of bom GO Tere arrested. Ont of these 19 persons were <bs!line 1, out of th011 33 accused seic conricted, 6 discharged or scquittail, and 10 remuned under trial in the conte. Progurts stolen and resonused 88. Prospirsty values at Rs. 29,398-1-6 sas reported to be soolenout of nucli property Fort) Rs. 19,269-15-0 uns recorereủ, the percentnge of recovery doing 41:07 6, as against 75of the precedin; KAT. Jnils. Go ra. 19. Lala Labhi Ram held charge of the oflice of the superintendent of c'entral Jail. 1311,4001, till the end of June 1945. Thakur Jaswant Singini of Jagson níter completion of his training in the Punjab assumed charge from the 1st July 1945. With a riers to reorganize the Jus in the Districts Lala Labhu Ram was appointed Inspector of Jails. gives tlie information about the prisoners confined in the Central Jail, Bikaner, their average number and tbe average period of the accused under 70. The staternent below trial:- Nanter of Prisoners Duly average Balance of the Total last year Admitted dating the year Present year Past Par No of Average Total prisoners period of expendituro at the accused on Jall and end at the uader prisoners year tria) Re. Ver Past year 322 €19 9411 1,122 306 498 397 061 376 44 645 79,177 32 6 599,177 Health. 71. The general health of the prisoners was good during the Fear. I'lere is no epidemie in the Jail. The daily average of the sick an. the Jail Hospital as 6 G6 as against 5 5 in the previous yenr. Deaths. 72. Out of convicts who diod during the year, one died in the Jail Hospital and the other in the Prince Bijey Saglji Nenorial General Hospital for allen, ·Executions, 73. No convict was executed during the year. Punishments. 74 There Frere 89 major and 250 minor punishments inflicted duuing the year under the Jail rules, against 90 inajor and 259 minor punishments in the previous year. Discipline. 75 The conduct of the prisoners was satisfactory anii the discipline continued to be good. Jail Manufactories. 76. The Jail Industries yielded a gross profit of Rs. 25,413. 3-8 against Rs 2-4,889-0-9 in the Inst year, showing an increase of Rs. 524-8-11. The various mdustries such as manufacturing of carpets and Aurries, cloth wearing, ctc., were continued during the year without any material change. Buildings. 177. All tlo Jail buildings were kept in good condition. Gardening. 78. Vegetables worth Rs. 1,325-10-9 were produced, in the Jail Garden and were, as usual, issued for thie prisoners' diet. District Jails. 79. The working of the District Jails semained satisfactory and the health of the prisoners tras generally good. Prisoners' Aid Society. 80. In order to afford nelief to thicicleased convicts and to improve the character of prisoners, it Prisoners' Aid Society vas formed and an annual contribution of Rs. 1,000.0-0 WAB sanctioned for it by the Government. The State Army. General, 81. Colonel Maliaraj Sri Narayan Singhji Baliadur, and Major. General Jnideo Singhji, Sardar Bahadur, C.I.E., ·89 Smit, .. 1.0 .. Training Centre and that for the Bijoy Battery though the D.D.I., coaliated to bolil the appointments of the Army Minister nad the General Oficer Commanding the State Army, Taspectively, during the year under report. $2. The actunt strength of thc State Army on the Bist October 1945, as compared with the same date of the precocling Fear, as as follows: Units Amasyficadquariers Bijcy Batters Carcel Battery Bagnr Lancers Danga Risala Sadal Light Inlantry Motor 3fachine Gan Sections 2nd Infantry Battalion 3rd Infantry Battalion Infantry Training Centre Guard Battalion Artillery Training Centre Band 83. The total number of recruits enlisted for the Bikaner State Army Units during the year under report was 445 as against 544 in the previous year. 84, The training of recruits for the Ganga Risala, Srdui Inght Infantry, and other Infantry Battalions, Guard Battalion 20d the Votor Machine Gun Scetions was carried out in the T. 9. F. Training Battery, Nountaio Artillery Training Centre, Imbala, avd for the Dingae Iancers by the Unit itself. The Brigade Cadres of the Junior Officers and Non-Cominissioned 1944-45, 1943-44. 8 6 250 3:17 05 05 326 330 666 666 895 897 94 424 650 294 349 531 207 720 337 175 98 29 28 ... . .. Total 4,387 4,526 I. Recruitment Individuel Training ·90 Officers for preparing Instructors for the various Units were also held in the Bikaner Infnntry Training Centre. Weapon Training. 88. The Weapon Training was properly conducted and the services of the Officers and Non-Conimissioned Officers duly qualified at the various Classes of Instruction were fully availed of. Signal Training 86. The trainįng of signallers during the year under report was satisfactory and the standard was rell maintained. Signallers were produced for classification before the Military Adviser for Signalling, Indian States Forces, and all of them were declared suocessiul. Army Classes of Instruction, 87. During the year under revicir 149 vacancies were allotted at the various Ariny Classes of Instruction to and frere availed of by the Officers and other Ranks of the State Arms Units. The results received from the Commandants of the Schools concerned were satisfactory. 88. The racajicies availcd of by the various Units of the State Army at different classes of courses are shown below: Nome of Scbool or Courses No. of Courses dopo 30 3 10 5 3 1. Small Arms School, Snugor 2. Platoon Commanders' Courso, Fyzabad 3. Army School, Deolali 4. Army Intelligenco School, Kinrachi U. Central Command School, Jhansi 6 Urilu Instructors' Course (CCTC), Juliuplur... 7. War Course I. S. F. Training School, Ipor... 8 Jungla Warlare Course, Shimoga 9. Irmourers' Courne, Jubbalpore 10 Catroudago Course, Kirkca 11. P. & R. T. Course 12, Preliminan: Signalling Course, Nabha 1 2 3 & 4 ·ued to garrison Tanqus centres and important tomos in the State. ... 2 I. . 1 1 44 2 6 .. 24. Jgdin Irsy Clerks' School, Pechiparha 28 S. Y T ludian Adistice Course, Trobala 33. Command Gymnasium, Lucknow 33. Clipping of Animals Course, Juhundur 36. Anaal Transport Course, Lansdownc Centre, las been receiving traiping at the Indian Military {achine Gun Sections and tac 3rd Infantry Battalion coutin. 91 WS! 6.1. C.: *** Yo, ol Courses dono Cisilia Stozi Mac Cours Pachinarlii ... 2 14 15 Signall. Shol, Pacos ... $ 15 leds lanzmctors' Course, Irray School of Education, Pacht! 8 16. Bastle School, Tactreal Tranme School, Pehradun 5 17. Divista fentence Course, buon 2 lodiap Tailors' Course, Clothing Factors, Shalıyabaapur 1 19. let 290: Malers and Ierurers Course, Baot Making School. Casinporo 20 Decisician (IV) Course, Julbulporc 21 Driving and Maintenance Sebopl, Barola 22. Electricien (3/11 Courec, kalo ... 3. Areas Schwalul Plissical Training, biasauli 25 TeRiding Idjutants' Course, Uyderabad 28. Joscourse, Sabathu, bima) 27. 6. 31 Courze, Boorbce 7 29. Scbool of Chemical Warfare, Deolali 1 30 Oficers Training School, Dchradun 33. N. 1 4. Au Arins Field Engineering Course 34. drmy Sobool of Hygiene, Babina... 35 Veterinars School, Ambala Nawal Singh. Oficer Cadet of the Bikaner Training Academy, Dehradun. Garrisoning of Posts 90. Detachments froin the Dungar Lancers, Votor : 4 1 1 4 1 1 3 2 Ollicers' Training School. 89.

·92 Ceremonials. 91. In addition to the usual ceremonials and religious Tankras in which the Bikaner Army participated, the troops of the various Units took part in the road lining on the occasion of His' Highness' departure to and return from Active Serpice on the Assam-Burma front on the 16th November ani 8th December 1944, and in welcoming the return of Gang Risala on the 30th January 1945. Visit of the Army Minister to the Middle East. 92. The Army Minister proceeded to the Middle East 01 the 3rd November 1944 and returned to Bikaner after inspec ting the Sadul Light Infantry stationed there as part of thi PAIFORCE and the Ganga Risala at Chaman. Movements of the State Units. 93. The Bijey Battery continued its operational role on the Assam-Burma Front in chasing back the Japs right from Kohima (in Assam) to Pakkokua, a town less than 100 miles north-west of Rangoon. Fuller details will be found in Chapter III. 94 Thc Ganga Risala returned to the State on the 30th January 1945, then four of its Companies wero from time to timo placed on special duty in connection with the anti-locust measures ndopted in the Baldist, Sindist and Delhi Command nrcas and where they did excellent work in combating the locust wenace to India. Honours and Awards. 95. Various Iinperial awards for gallant and distinguished services during the operations in Burma and ou the Eastern frontier of India mero awarded to the Bikaner State Army personnel, as shown bolor: U.B.E. 1. Ist-Col. Kishon Singh, Bijoy Battery. 1.U. ...... Xo.053 Naik Naraina Ram, Bijoy Battory. ..

·93 2) 31 3. Lieut. Bannoy Singh, Bijey Battery. 4. Lieut. Sbir Singh Mention in Des. 5. Subedar Jagmal Singh patches. 6. Havildar Fateh Singh 7. Gunner Gappat Ram O.B.I. First class with the 8. Subedar Bakhtawar Singh, Guard Battitle of Sardar talion. Bahadur. O.B.I. Second) 9. Subedar Bachan Singh, Guard Battalion.' Class with the title of Baha- ¥10. Subedar Bhagwant Singh, Guard Batdar. talion. 96. Similarly, His Highness the Maharaja conferred the following Honours and Decorations on the victorious conclusion of the Second World War and in recognition of services rendered in connection with the War Effort of the State:- Title of Bahadur 1. Col Maharaj Sri Narain Singhji Sahib, (Personal). A.-D.-C. Tazim and Gold 2. Major General Jaideo Singhji, Sardar Kara (Persona)). Bahadur, C.I.F, 0.B.I., A.-D.-C., General Officer Commanding. Gold Kara, 3. Lieut.-Colonel Khem Singhji, O.B.E., (Personal). A.-D.-C., Officer Commanding, Ganga Risala. 4. Lieut.-Colonel Kishen Singhji, M.B.E., A.-D.-C., Officer Commanding, Bijey Battery. Badge of Honour 5. Lieut..Colonel Kanwar Bagu Singhji, Class IV. Chief of the Staff, Bikaner State Army. Badge of Honour 6. Major Bijey Singh, Sadul Light Infantry. Olass y. Sadul Badge of 7. Major Pem Singh, Sadul Light Infantry. Distinction (Silver), ·94 Badge of Valour. 8. Captain Heer Singh, Bijey Battery. 9. Lieut. Shiv Singh, Bijoy Battery; 10. Havildar Fateh Singh, Bijey Battery. Badge of Gal- 11. Lieut. Banney Singh, Bijey Battery. lantry. 12. Subedar Jagmal Singh 13. Gunper Kumbha Ram Medal for Com. 14. Havildar Ramdeva Ram, Sadul: Light mendable con- Infantry. duct. Award of one 15. Dharma, Water Carrier, Bijey Battery. year's Salary. Visits. 97. The Military Adviser in Chief and the Deputy Military Adriser in Chiof (Training), Indian States Forces, inspected the Units on Prrades and the Training Centro working from 19th to 23rd December and 12th to 14th Noveinber 1944, respectively. Civil Liaison Establishment. 98. With a vier to deal with various complaints and petitions put forward by the personnel serving in the Stato Arny or in the Indian Auny, the Civil Linison Organisation was established and Col. Kishan Siugh, M. A.-D.-C., r'ns appointed as Civil Liaison Oflicer. The pumber of petitions reccived was 887 and thay related inostly to fainily grievances, pensions, and discharge and grant of learo ou compassionate grounds. 83.1 petitions wero settled during the year, Icaving 53 pctitions cither under verification or under corrcypondouce at the cod of the year. > ·95 CHAPTER VII. Public Works. 1. Kenwar Jaswaut Singhji of Daudsar, B.A., continued to be the Pablic Works Minister during the year under report. Buildings and Roads. General. 2. Mr. R. II, T. Mackenzie, A.MI.C E., continued to be the Chief Engineer, Buildings and Roads Branch. He proceeded to England on leave from the 13th July 1945 till the end of the year. MIr. S. R. Gadhoke, Exccutive Engineer, was appointed acting Chief Engineer during 1. Jackenzie's absence and Mr.:A. T. Patel was appointed as Executive Eogineer (District) from the 21st May 1915. 3. The total valuation of the works done by the Department was Rs. 18,48,906 (out of which Defence works amounted to Rs. 3,69,052) as against Rs. 16,90,879 in the previous year. Out of this expenditure- (1) Rs. 11,19,343 were chargeable to the State Exchequer, (2) Rs. 8,779 were chargeable to Contributional Funds, and (3) Rs. 3,51,732 vere chargeable to the Priry Puise. 4. The total supervision charges during the rear amounted to Rs. 1,29,666 as against Rs. 1,22,655 in the picrious year. On the value of the works carried out by the Department during the year, the supervision charges torked out at 7 per cent. against 7-2 per cent. in the prerious year.

·96 5. The details of expenditure chargeable to the State (excluding the cost of supervision) are as under :- Items Total Original Repairs 1,96,299 1,36,834 3,93,133 1. Civil Works including repairs to buildings 2. Companications (Roads) 594 .. 3. Mulltary Torks 209 22,114 1,25,167 1,35,761 . 9,917 26,031 50,628 1,29,850 2,016 4. Works of Pabllc Utility .. 713,952 6. Rest Houses ... 2,016 .. 151 1. po. .. 154 ... 1,058 1,059 . G. Capital and Extraordinary- (a) War Erpenditure (6) Additions and alterations to Mahatma Kbas ... (c) Hla late Highness' Cenotaph (1) Sorvey of the Capital and District Tosypg (e) Construction of Kotwall A. 12,426 12,426 I. 46,750 46,760 23,961 23,061 06 1,87,821 1,87,921 9. 14,198 IP 14,199 37,915 - - . 87,318 1.. ... 1,467 1,467 (1) Additions and Alterations to Bijey Bharan 6) Earth wor Hng and Agricultural Plant () Biscellaneous 7. Canga 8a romar Irrigation 8. danga Jubilee Public Ofices ... 9. City Improrement... 10. Derelopment Foods 11. Geological Department 17. Ronda de Plantation 7,896 7,326 ... 71,407 .. 71,407 0. 18,009 76,909 ... UP I1 369 11,962 14,140 8,02,797 3,16,510 11,19,913 14,110 ... Grand Total . Buildings. . Among the works carried out the folloring are worth mentioning: (1) Additions to Prisoners of Wnr Camp (Rs. 32,635). (2) Construction of a New Kotisali near News Tell (Rs. 1,82,453). (3) Estension to Fort Middle School (Rs. 26,357).

·97 11013 (1) Construction of Gunani at Sujangarh (Rs. 36,410) (5) Extensinu to the Junsifi's Court, Churn (Rs. 3,907). (6) Constructing Guest House at Bikaner House, Abu, (Rs. 23,101). (7) Additions and alterations to Sadul Public School (Est. Rs. 91,403). (6) Construction of Stables for Dungar Lancers (Rs. 15,708). (9) Alditional work in conuection with the Prisoners of War Camp (Rs. 78,811). Roads. 7. Due to the restricted supply of tar and bitumen ou account of war conditions, 110 big road project was undertaken during this year also, except the usual inaintenance and renewal of surfaced, unsurfaced and fair reather roads, at a cost of Rs. 1,25,167. Bunds, channels, tanks, wells, drainage, etc. 8. The following works were undertakep, besides minor works:- (1) Improving storm water drainage at the capital (Rs. 30.748). (2) Raisiog bunds at Bikaner House, Abu (Rs. 5,558). (5) Improving diainage of Bikaner House, Abu (Rs. 6,756). Survey. 9. The following work was done City. .... (1) Planc tabling and levelling Complete. (2) Inside houso surveying · 28% complete. (3) Plotting of inside house survey 22% (4) Reducing survey plans from 30%" scale to 192" scale . Cornplete. (5) Tracing of standard sheets 286 complete

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·93 The boiler water problem was also solved by the ipstallation of evaporators. Receipts 14. The reccipts during tho year under reviow amounted to Rs. 12,36,471 sboning an increase of Rs. 1,31,637 over the figures of the prerious year. Supply of light and power 15. In spite of great difficulties in obtainivg wiring inaterial, 814 uew connections tinch were essential wore given. Soda Factory, Ice Factory and Telephones. 18. The Soda Factory, Ice Factory and Telephone Sections worked satisfactorily throughout the year in spite of very difficult conditions. The income from the Ice Factory was Rs 32,905, compared to Rs. 24,731 in tbe previous year. Water Worts. 17. Free water tvas continued to be supplied to the public at the mouth of the wells, which resulted in considerably increased demand for water. This, however, was wet by putting up 3 more centres for free supply of water and by Loring out, reconditioning and putting into operation 4 additional wells. Ganganagar Power House, 18. Due to sliort supply of coal, the supply of current was 1100 satisfactory during the year. 75 new counections were giren during the year under leuCH The income amountcd to Rs. 32,266 as compared to Rs. 24,251 in the previous year Gardens. 10 The designation of Mr. K. L. Jehta, Superintendent of Gardens, was changed as Director of Horticulture. 20 The total ospenditure, including establishment charges, amounted to Rs. 2,37,106 for State Gardens and Rs. 68,916 for Privy Purse Gardcus.

·100 21. Iucome from the sale of vegetables, flowers, otc, amounted to Rs. 4,454 from the State Gardens, and Rs. 967 from the Privy Purse Gardens. Income realised from the Sulingo Farm by sale of vegetables and fodder came to Rs. 2,292 as against Rs. 3,154 in the previous year. Bikaner State Railway. General. 22. Mr. Frank D'Souza, C.I.E., continued to be the Gencral Manager, Bikaner State Railway. 23. The following changes took place :- (1) Rau Bahadur L. V. Kaikiui was appointed Chiel Auditor from the 9th Vay 1945, vice Mr. Nanocha retired. (2) Mr. H. D. Desai was appointed Assistant Auditor froni the 11th June 1945, vice Nr. Brij Lal retired. (3) Mr. J. S. Sarwal was appointed Probationary Assistant Nochanical Engineer from the 3rd June 1944. (4) Messers. Conelloy and Bonnett were given further cxtensions of ouo year cach with effect from the 21st October 1915 and 14th July 1945. Income and Expenditure. 24. The following statement gives the information about the inilonge, capital expendituro, carnings and working oxponses of the Railway dnring the year:- Particolare 1943 14 1911 15 893 05 85303 (1) Total ora mileage (2) Total carilal ontlar. Includios futros, on orcn lide from the beginning of operations jo end of the year. Is 1,27,19,670 4,30,33 UE6 68.63.69 . ... 19,81,011 . 37.46,193 01.01.25 (3) Gross earang (1) Wuktu: CIMSSCS 15) Sf carclac. 6) i'ercerie xulic; ristina in great caracsi 17) Verprets; of not csinlog on the capital olay ca cealne, Icelodig voreare .. 17.05,770 47,C3,011 41 04 11 00 ·101 25 The Coaching earnings rose from Rs. -16,98.084 in the previous year to Rs. 52,60,597 daring the rear under review, The increase was due to the cubanced woremcut of Military personal and abnormal rise in ordinary passenger traffic occasioned by rar conditions. The goods carnings increased to Rs 33.78.021 from Rs 31.07.194 during 1943-40f, due niniply to the incrcased bookings of grains, gur and jagrec. 26. Tuc iucrease in working expenses nas inainly due to the increase in dearness and special allowances paid to the staff osing to heavy increase in prices, as also to the increase in the purchase price of coal and heavy repairs to locomotives, coaching and goods vehicles, etc. Capital Works. 27. Among the Capital Vorks undertaken during the year under report, were the following:- (1) Ballasting of Anupgarh Branch -Rs. 13,531. (2) Buildings 12 Bogie coaches - Rs. 54,241, (3) Relaying lipe north of Dhaban - Rs. 3,13,743. (4) Building Assistant Engineer's office at Ratangarh - Rs 4,939. (5) Building stores and office for CGE at Sujaugarh - Rs. 5,703. (6) Construction of quarters at Ratangarh, Hanumangarh, Ganganagar, Dhircia and Suratgarh - Rs. 21,183. (7) Construction of a wall round the workshops and stores - Rs. 16,658. (8) Building pukka gang huts between Hanumangarb and Dabhlı. - Rs 6,154. (9) Construction of elevated look out posts - Rs. 3,051. (10) Construction of new station building at Kesrisinghpur- Rs. 2,176.

·102 (11) Additions and alterations to the railway station, Uhuru - Rs. 3,333. (12) Earth work between Suratgarh and Hanumangarh Juuction - Rs. 10,208 Rolling Stock. 28. The stock owned by the Railway was as under:- 1943-44. 1944-45. Locomotivos 55 55 Passonger carriages including 3 Stato 136 $310ops. Other coaching vobicles 59 59 Goods stock 1,258 1,254 Rail Car 1 1 . 136 .. . Stores. 29. The value of materials and stores obtainod during thic year aggregated to Rs. 7,12,462 as against Rs. 4,86,616 in the provious year. Passenger and train services. 30. On nocount of the expansion of business due to conditions created by the Wor, and the restricted train services, passcuger trains continued to be filled to capacity and overcrowding was unavoidable. The position in regard to coal supplies, however, it proved to some cxtent during the year under icvicw. From the 1st October 1946 mised trains betricon Rewari and Bikaner wore converted into mail trains, and o inired train was introduced between Churu nnd Bikaner, while the tri-cekly noised trains between Rowari and Churu vero conrerted into daily service. The following train-milc figures illustrate the position:- Year. Passcoger. Vixed. 10:11-12 1,46,410 9,46,386 1049-13 1,060 6,74,959 1013-11 5,899 6,73,409 1011-15 21,189 6,7-1,078 ... .be ·,103 31. The number of passenger and mixed trains rencliing destination to time decicised loom banduning 1913-2.1 to 19% in 1914-15. Tlie decrease was due to an appreciable extent to the late arvad of foreign railtray trains at their junctions connecting with Bilauer State Railway trijus. The increase in rok at iord side stations, nt which the booked stoppage 15:18 found to be inadequnte, further contributed to trains minning late. Ticketless travel. 32. The number of passengers travelling without proper tickets decreased from 2 1,061 in 1913-44 to 19,404 during the Tear under reviour. The amounts realised from thein aggregated to Rs. 50,931 as against Rs. 19,376 in 1943-44. In other cases, excluding inendicants turned out of trains, action was taken under Section 113 of the Indian Railways Act: the fares due amounting to Rs. 529 being realised in 165 cases. Tbc expenditure incurred on the ticket checking staff npproximated to Is. 8,600 ns against Rs. 7,921 in 19-13.44. Goods trailic. 33 Prohibitions uinposed by curious Gorernments on the export of food-grains and other comwodities and restrictions on movements notified by other inilways for operational reasons (some of the latter being Inter on removed) continued to affect the tonnage of goods moving The total quantity of goods carried was 5,24,564 tons against 4,94,957 in 1943-44 and 4,96,472 in 1942-43 and the corresponding ton-mile figures in these years being 0,21,60,535; 5,66,68,140; and 5,19,87,027 respectively. There was an increase of 33 per cent. in goods tram iniloage the figures being 51,108 in the year under roricw 16 against 12,967 in 1943-44. Wagon me figures increased by 11 per cent. being 1,26,73.000 during the year under review, and 1,13,74,8-18 in 1943-44. Engine porformance. 34. The mileage run per engine per day was the same as in tlie previous year, viz. 40, based on the number of engines on ·10. the line, and 97 on the basis of engines actually in use. There was a sliglit increase in engine uniles which approximated to 9,29,770 as against 8,66,580 last year. Engine miles per engine failure were 1,32 824 as against 1,44,430 in 1943-14 35. Four third class bogies on a revised design proriding greater and mole comfortable accomninodation, transverse seatings, folding upper buuk to serre as sleeping berths and 4' 3' latrines with water taps were built. The seativ: accominodation is now on the basis of 21'* 197" against the old staudard of 18" X 18". 36. In addition to the thunb bolts or window catches, oron bars are being titted to tlie windows of all compartments reserved for women. 37. ortion was tahun to improve the general condition of waiting rooms and halls and to ninko them more comfortable. The scale of cquipment of furniture and fittings in waiting rooms was increased to make for greater consenience of passengers The number of saiting rooms and balls in ugc at the close of the year remaineri 71. Catering arrangements. 38 Refresknent rooms are provided at Ratangarh and Hauumnngarl Junctions. Arrangements oro also made for relreshments being provided from the State Hotel, Bihaner, when safficient notice is giren. 39. The revised policy in regard to vendors generally continued to ensure better service to passengers. From the 1st October 1913 a catering service providing only vegetarian meals which was running between Bikaner and Sadulpur on Vini, 4 Dorn audi 3 Up commenced running fretween Ratnngarhı and Bikaner. A similne hitchen compartment as provided from the is: October 1915 on 1 Up from Bikaner to Chilo and by the corresponding return train (2 Dorn) ·105 Water supply for passengers 40 Adequate arrangements were made, as lieretofore, for the supply of pure and cool drinking water to passengers. There is at least one Hindu waterman at each station, except at five flag stations, At four the more important stations, there are additionnl watermen. Duriog the summer months 16 more watermen are appointed to supplement the normal establishment and oue waterman accompanies each train to supply water to passengers. 41. Tater shelters are provided at most of tho-stations. During the suinmer months pots are also provided. There are water hydrants at Ratangarlı, Chuu, Hanumangarh Junction, Sarupsar, Suratgarh and Loharu. Accidents. 42. There were 9 cases of derailment of trains carrying passengers. Out of these, 2 serious accidents were :- (1) on the 8th November 1944 when a vagou ou 3 Up Mixed derailed due to the breakage of its shackle bearing spring. The driver did not notice the derailment at the tine and consequently three other wagons capsized and the leading third class bogie with brakevan also derailed The damage to the rolling stock amounted to Rs. 2,706 and to the permanent way Rs. 891. A relief train was sent from Bikaner and through communication was restored at 12 00 on the following day. (2) On 3rd January 1915, 3 Up Vixed ran into a buffalo between Sii Dungaigarh and Sudhar at 19 30 derailmg a wagon. This was followed by a "bunching of the loul of the train and resulted in tlie derailment of eleven other ragons and thro third class bogies with brakerans. The damage annouuted to Rs. 6,596. A relief train was sent froin Bikaner and through communication tas restored at 17-25 on the following day.

·106 43. Consequent on tlie restoration of certain traiu services from the 1st October 1946 engine links tore revised iu order to provide for the masimum engine utilisation. The cngines were given repairs as per schedule increasing tho arorage milcage rno by engines between shop repairs by 10% over the provious year's figure. 44. Scrap Food was extcasirely used for all potty jobs autl for making patterns eto. 45. Sis heavy machines in the workshops rere giren general overlinul in accordance with the schedule. 46. To ensure more efficient supervision and quickor outturn, the location of the mill ssright shop was altered and tho position of various machines in the main Loco Shops was readjusted.

·107 CHAPTER VIII. Education. College Education, Dungar Memorial College. 1. Dr. M. N. Tolani, M.A. (Cantab), continued to be the Principal of the Dungar College. 2. This is a first grade College teaching upto M.A. in Arts subjects, and B.Sc. in Science Groups. Number of students and Examination Results. 3. The number of students on roll was 262 (of whom 9 were girls) as against 274 in the previous year. 5 candidates appeared for M.A. (Final) and 5 for M.A. (Previous) Examinations, and all of them except one in the latter were successful. 36 students appeared at the B.A. examination out of whom 26 passed, giving a percentage of 72.2. At the Intermediate examination 86 students appeared, of whom 73 passed, giving a percentage of 82 5. College Library. 4. The number of books in the Library is increasing every year. Books worth Rs. 6,250 were added during the year, bringing the total number of books to 7,690 volumes. Students' activities. 5. The students' activities continued as usual. The Literary and Historical Societies met regularly and did good work. Sports and other physical activities also continued. The College took part in the Rajputana Inter-College Tourna. ment and annexed the Football Championship Cup for the third year in succession. Extra-mural lectures were also organised. Hostcr 6. The College Hostol provides accommodation for 50 ·108 students. Pl. V. D. Shastri continued to be the Warden of tho Hostel. Facilities for Higher Education, 7. Scholarships continued to be awarded to Bikaneri students for studies outside the State, for which no facilities existed in the State. The total expenditure incurred during the year amounted to Rs. 49,511 as against Rs. 39,467 in the previous year and the total number of students (excluding Police and Vilitary) receiving scholarships was 49. Facilities for Higher Education in foreign countries. 8. A sum of Rs. 5 lacs was set apart for the grant of scholarships for education in foreign countries for the next 5 years. students were selected to proceed to the U. S. A. to receive acrauced education there. Hayo College. Ajmer, 9. During the year under report thoro were 5 students studying at the Mayo College, Ajmer. The expendituro amounted to Rs. 7,992 as against Rs. 7,855 in tho provious year. Slate Representatives on academic bodies outside the State. 10. The State was represented on various academic bodics of the Rajputaun Board and tho Unirersities as below:- Institutions. Represcotatiscs. (1) Scoate of the gra Unirersity, (2) Bcaarcs Hindu Upiscrsity. Principal, Dungar College. (3) Raisalını Board Director of Education. Sccondary Education. General, 11. Sr. Jugal Singh, J.L., Bar-at-Law, continucd to be the Director of Education during the year under report. 12. The administrative gafl of the Department consistod of onc Inspector of Schouls, onc Iuspcctress o! Girls' Schools, ·109 three Assistant Inspectors and four Deputy-Inspectors. One Assistant Inspector also remained in charge of the physical activities organisation. Inspection and Tours 13. The number of days for which each Officer remained on tour during the year is shown below:- Deys. Director of Education Inspector of Schools 82 Inspectress of Girls' Schools 42 Assistant Inspector of Schools, Northern Circle 12 Assistant Inspector of Schools, Southern Circle 202 Deputy Inspector of Schools, Northern Circle Deputy Inspector of Schools, Western Circle 121 Deputy Inspector of Schools, Eastern Circle 154 ... Deputy Inspector of Schools, Southern Circle 132 Humber of Schools and Scholars. 14. The total number of State aided, recoguised and unrecognised schools and institutions and the students studying therein was as shown below:- 1943.41 Schools Scholars 155 14.600 119 8,5121 165 6,3731 1944-45 Scbools Scholar 174 17,643 State and Btsto managed Schools Public Fand Schools Private Schools 433 16,670 Total 403 30,175 606 34,513 Grants-in-aid. 15. The total amount spent on grants-id-aid during the year was Rs. 87,017 including Rs 15,216 on account of aid given to Compulsory Education Schools 25 against Rs. 66,246 in the previous year.

·110 ... Expenditure. 16. The total expenditure on education was Rs. 7,63,371 as against Rs. 6,78,717 of the previous year. The details are given below: Rs. 1. Direction and In°pection 86,288 9. College Education 27,068 3. Sadul Public School 64,691 4. Digh Schools 1,75,141 5. Orber Anglo-Hindi and Hindi Primary Schools. 1,69,354 6. Special Schools 18,073 7. Ganga Children's School 6,051 8. Compulsory Education 45,216 9. Boy Scouts Organisation 6,649 10 Contribution to and cipenses connected with tho Mnyo College, einer 7,992 11. Grants-in-aid 41,801 12. Scholarships 49,511 13. Girls' Schools 83,119 14. Libraries ... 18,712 15. Miscellancous 19,766 . ... S. ... ... ... Total 7,53,371 ... Intermcdiate Colleges. intermediate College, Churu. 17. The High School at Churu was raised to an Interiediato College in Arts and Comuicrco om July 1915. JIr. Ram Sunroop Guptn, J.A., I.C.P., was appoiuted as Principal of the College. Thero were 396 pupils on the rolls as ngninst 310 in the previous scar. Out of 20 students sent up for tho lligh School oxniuination 18 passed giving a perccutago of 62 ng against 77'm in the provious scar. 8. J. S. Rampuria Intermediate College, Bikaner. 18. The B. J. S. Rawpuria High School (Aided) was raised to an lutermediate College in Arta nod Comincrcc from July 1915. Thic number of loja on roll was 360. Out of 31 boys sent tip for the High School Lssuninatiou 29 camo oul successful giving a percentago ol 85:3.

·111 High Schools General 19 There were 11 State High Schools and 1 aided High Schools in tlie State during the year. Sadul High School. 20. Pt Milkhi Ram, B.A, L.T., continued to be the Head Master of the School. The number of students was 1,021 as against 975 in the previons year. The average daily attendance was 831.7 as against 856'11 in the previous year. Out of 99 boys sent up for the High School Exnminations, 65 came out successful, giving a percentage of 65:6 passes as against 71'2 in the previous year. Six bors secured first class and 15 boys secured distinction in various subjects. The total cxpenditure on the School during the year under report was Rs. 47,436 against Rs. 46,393 in the previous year. 21. A large number of books were added to the Library. The Library is worked on modern lines. The number of books issued during the session was 4,936. The High School has a Union under the auspicics of which debates in Hindi and English were held, Elocution contests were also held. Sadul Public School. 22. Mr. R. L. Melita, DI.A., (Oson), took over charge as Principal in January 1915. The School is run on tbe lines of an English Public School. The number of boys on roll at the end of the year was 109. 23. 11 students were sent up for the High School Examipation, out of whom 7 passed, giving a perceatage of 636 passes as against 83 3 of the last year. secured sccond division and 2 distinction in Mathematics. The total crpenditure on the School duriug the year under report was Rs. 51,681 against Rs. 36,652 in the preceding year, 24. Games are compulsory for all students in the School, and those generally played are Football, Volleyball and ·112 Hockey. Training in riding and stimming is given to the boarders. 25. Debates and clocution contests were held. Tutorial work was also undertaken by tlc Stati. During school hours the boss also study non-exammation subjects such as civics, general knowledge, plionetics, biology, painting, modelling, leather work, carpentry ctc. 26. Military Training and Scouting are compulsory for all students from class V onwards. A well equipped gymnasium and a strimoing pool have also been provided. Ganganagar High School 27. lr Ram Sirarup Gupta, ...., L.C.P., continued to bo the Icad Master of the School till July 1915, n lieu he was appointed Principal of the Intermediate College nt Churu and Mr. Jagoslı wat Dayal V'nish, M a., 13.Sc., was transferred as Acting Head Master in his place. There were 753 boys on the roll as against 709 1 1913--1.1. 60 students appeared at tlic High School cxauinntion out of whom 39 passed, giving a percentage of 67.8 as against 77•1 in the preceding yonr. 11 students sccured distinction in various subjects and secured first division, Ganga Golden Jubilee lligh School, Sardars chr. 28. Jr. C. B. Shali, J.A., 13.T., continued to be the Llcal Jaster of the School. There were 107 boy's on the roll as ngninst 116 last year. 14 students appeared at the High School Eraininntion agil 13 of them passed giring n percentage of 02:8. I love srcare distinction in various subjects. Puramchard Beseria High School, Sujargarh. 20. Mr. Rain Smalı, 11..., c.T., remained the lead Jaster of the School. There scre 31; 1193 on the roll as against 337 in 1913-11. 17 boys appeared at the High School Exami. nation and 13 of them were »ccesful. I bog: secured Art class, anii 8 go: distinction in Sious subjects.

·113 12 boys State High School, Raigarh 30. Jr. Visheshwar Dayal, 1 SC, B.T, was the Oflicinting Headınaster of the School during the year. There werc 515 boys on the roll as ngainst 173 in the precious sear appeared at the High School examination out of whom 9 came out suceessful Fort High School, Bikaner 31 VIr S. K. Ganguli, MA, semamed the Head Master of the School The School had 397 boys on roll as against 381 in the preceding year. Class X was oponod in July 1945. City High School, Bikaner. 32 Mr. Mobainined Hussain, M.A , officiated as the Head Master of the School till July 1945 when he was transfered to Bhadia and Pt. Sri Ram, B.A., was appointed in his place. There were 190 boys on roll as against 186 in the preroding year. Class X was opened in July 1945. State High School, Nohar. 33. The Anglo-Hindi Middle School at Nohar having been raised to the High School standard, class IX was opened 10 July 1945. There were 439 boys on the roll. Mr Anand Shankar Mathur, MA, BSC, was appointed Head Iaster of the School. State High School, Shadra. 34 The Anglo-Hmdi Middle Selinol at Bhadha was laised to High School standard and class IX was opened in July 1945. There were 356 boys on roll. Mr. Mohammad Hussain, N.A., was appointed Head Master of the School Aided High Schools. 35. There wcie four aided High Schools, one each nt the Capital, Ratangarh, Sangarin and Gaugnungar. 36. 'The Johta Moolchand High School in the Capital It bad continued to receive grant-in-aid from the Gorernment 274 pupils on its roll as agniust 295 in the previous year, and sent up 15 boys for the High School Examination, 8 of thou passed.

·114 37. Sri Raghunath High School, Ratangarli, continued to receive grant-in-aid from the Gorcroment. The number of students who appeared for the High School Examination was 13, of tobom 10 were successful. It had 296 students on its roll, 38. The Jat High School, Sangaria, continued to receive yrant-in-aid from the Government There were 223 boys on its 2011, 12 students were sent up for the High Sohool cxamination out of whom 3 passed. 39 The Klialsa Jiddle School at Gauganngar was raised tu Higl School standard in July 1915, ulien class IX was opened. It is receiving grant-in-aid from the Gorerument. The number of boys on roll was 390. Middle Schools and Anglo-Hindi Schools. Niddle Schools 40. The total number of Middle Schools tris 22 out of which 18 were State Jiddle Schools, 1 nided and 3 recoguised Middle Schools. The ninber of pupils studsiog in these Schools was 5,206 The Hindu Middle School at Sangarin continued to prepare berg's for tlie llindi Middle Examinations of the United Provinces During the year under report it sout np 18 hoys for examinations, ont of lioni 19 passed. Tlie number of boys studying in this School was 2:17. Anglo-Hindi Lover Middle Schools 41 'The number of Anglo-Hindi Lover Middle Schools run by the State was 829 against á in 1913-11. Grant-in-nid was given to 9 Lower Nudle Schonls at the Capital. Tliere were is recognised loses Middle Schools in the State. The number of boys nsudying in all these Schools tras 1,682. Anglo-Hindi Primery Schools 42. 'The number of Anglo-Hindi Prisnars Schools run by the State Ras 17. There were fi recognised Anglo-Hindi ·115 Primary Schools in the State. Tbo nuinbor of boys sludying in all these Schools was 2.465 Hindi Primary Schools 43. The number of Hindi Primary Schools run by the State was 83 as agaiust 59 last year There were aided Primary Schools. The number of boys studying in all theso schools was 2,715. Compulsory Primary Education, 44. In accordance with the Compulsory Primary Education Act, which is a permissive legislation, Primary Schools áre opened and run in towns by the Municipal Boards. 2 more schools were opened in the districts during tho year. Tliere were 31 such Schools during the year under report, of which 14 were in the Capital and 17 in the Districts. The total number of students in these schools was 2,610. The State pays a subvention to the Municipal Boards equal to tivo. thirds of the maintenance charges of these schools. District Board Schools. 45. The District Board of Gangapagar maintains 40 schools recognised by the Education Department. 12 schools are run by the District Board of Suratgarh, 12 schools by tuo District Board Rajgarh, and 5 schools by the District Board Bikaner. The total number of students in these schools was 1,700. Female Education. Humber of Students and Expenditurc. 46. The education of girls is making steady progress in the State. All Khalsa towns having population of orer 2,000 are provided with a girls' school. The progress in the existing schools was maintained. Luglish is taught in schools at the Capital and in 1 school at Ganganngar. One of these teaches up to the High School standard, ? teach to the Anglo-Hiodi Standard, mbile ? schools in the up ·114 114 37. Sri Raghunath High School, Rataugarh, continued to receive grant-in-aid from the Government. The number of students who appeared for the High School Examination as is, of whom 10 were successful. It had 296 students on its roll. 38. The Jat High School, Sangaria, continued to receive grant-in-nid from the Government There were 223 boys on its roll. 12 students were sent up for the High School examination out of whom 3 passed. 38 The Khalsa Jiddle School at Ganganagar was raised to High School standard 111 July 1945, when class I was oponed. It is receiving grant-in-aid from the Government. The number of boys on roll was 395. Middle Schools and Anglo-Hindi Schools. Middle Schools. 40. The total number of Aliddle Schools was 22 out of which 18 wele State Middle Scbools, 1 aided and 3 recoguised Middle Schools The auinber of pupils studying in these Schools tras 5,206 Tho Hindi Middle School at Savgarin continued to prepare boys for the Hindi Middle Examinations of the United Provinces During the year under, report, it sent ap 18 boys for examipations, out of whom 13 passed. llic number of boys studying in this School tras 247. Anglo-Hindi Lower Middle Schools. 91. The number of Auglo-Hindi Lover Middle Schools run by the State was 8 as against 5 in 1943-44. Grant-in-nid was given to ? Lower Middle Schools at the Capital. Thiero were 3 recognised Loner Middle Schools in the State. The number of boys studying in all these Schools Fas 1,582. Anglo-Hindi Primary Schools 42. The number of Anglo-Hineli Primary Sobools rup by the State tras 17. There were recognised Apglo-Hindi ·11 Other Girls' Schools 51. The State Girls' School at Ganganagar and the Bhairon Ratna Matri Pathshala at the Capital, much is an aided School, impart education up to Auglo-Hindi Viddle standard. The State Girls' School in the Industrial area at the Capital teaches up to the Anglo-Hindi Lover Middle standard, while the City Girls' School prepares girls for the Hindi Upper Middle Esanninations. The Girls' Schools at Sardarshahr, Sujangarh, Rajgarh, Hanumangarh, and Nobar among the State Schools and 2 private schools at Churu among the aided schools prepare girls for Hindi Lower Middle Examinations. Five new Hindi Primary Schools for girls were opened during the year. Other Educational activities. Business Class, 52. This class is run at the Capital by the Departinent for training candidates in typewriting and shorthand. 15 students were trained in typewriting and 2 in shorthand during the year. Religious Instruction, 53. For imparting religious instruction, arrangements have specially been made in the biggest High School at the Capital where Hindu, Mohammedap and Jain students get instruction in their respective religions under teachers specially selected for the purpose. Sanskrit Education 54. The Ganga Sanskrit Pathshala in its roorganised form imparts education in Jyotish, Vyakaran and Karmakand and prepares boys for the Benares Sanskrit College examinations. The Karmakand Class caters for local needs and has its own course to meet local requirements. Provision also csiets for those boys who wish to go up for the Benares esaminations in the subject. The number of students on roll as 46. 15 students appeared at the various examinations, out of wliom 10 paseed.

·118 Aided and Recognised Sanskrit Pathshalas. 65. The number of private Sanskrit Pathshalas in the State as 28. Seven of these are recognised and 4 get grants-in-aid. The recognised Pathshalas sent up candidates for the Benares examinations and examinations of the Calcutta Sanskrit Association Ratangarh is also a centre for the Benares examinations. Vocational Education 56. The schools which teach mental arithmetical calculations and keeping of accounts in Babi Khata system, commonly known as Banika Schools, are ran by private agencies, and their number is very large in the State. The Deparment gives help to 4 such schools in Bikaner City. Grant-in-aid is also given to 2 such schools at Sujangarh. Physical Education. 57. Elementary knowledge of physiology and personal hygiene find a place in the school curricula. 58. Physical exercise is compulsory in schools, for which one hour every day in the school time is allotted. Teachers trained in Physical Education have been appointed. Medical Inspection. 59. A separate Medical Officer has been appointed to holá regular inspections of the scholars in State schools. Scouting 60. Erory Anglo-Hindi school has got its own Scout Troop under a trained Scouter. 61. During the year under roport Scouting was introduced in the District Board and compulsory schools also. The total strength of the Boy Scouts groups in the State was 4,011. Teachers' Training School. 62. At thc final cramination held in May 1915 18 candidates appeared and all of them passed both in Theory and ·119 Practice. In the Training Class for women teaches 10 appenr. ed and 8 were successful. Libraries. 69. The Kiug-Empeior George V Silver Jubilee Library worked satisfactorily and bad 8,679 books 42 books were added during the year under report. The total number of periodicals reccired in the Library was 44 64. Liberal grants-in-aid ranging from Rs. 5 to Rs. 30 per mensem according to the importance of each library were allowed to 15 private Libraries in the State. 65. The Anup Sanakrit Library remained under the charge of Mr. Madhav Krislına Shauna, M. O, L., Curator. Two publicatons, viz. Jagadvijeyacchandas and Mudra Raksaslı Apurva Sain-kathanak edited by Dr. C. Kunhan Raja and Dr. Daslırath Sharma' respectively in the Ganga Oriental Series and one, viz. Virgit edited by Prof. N D. Swami in the Sadul Oriental Series, were brought out. About 1,000 manuscripts were checked and re-arranged and matter for the second fasciculus of the Sanskrit Catalogue was got ready. 68. Researches were carried on by the Curator on the works and authors patronized by Maharaja Anupsivghji and a series of articles on the subject telo published, 67. Sangıtraja of Maharana Kumbha tras also taken up for editing by Dr. C. Kunhan Raja in the Gauga Oriental Series and some pages printed. 68. Dr. C. Kunban Raja continued to supervise the work. jug of the Library and its publications. He visited and stayed in the Capital for the purpose as usual.

·i20 CHAPTER IX. .. 1 Medical Relief, General. 1. Dr RJ. Weingarten, M.D. (Cologne), continued to be the Principal Medical Officer during the year under report. He was also the Director of Public Healtlı. 2. The staff of the Medical Department comprised 824 cmployees as against 757 during the preceding year as shown bolow Principal Medical Oficer and Director of Public Healtlı 1 Superintending Medical Officer 1 Dy Director of Public Ilealtls 1 Lady Health Superintendent 1 Palace and .Issistant Palace Surgeons 3 Chief Surgeon 1 Second Physici in Second Surgoon 1 Resident dedical Oficer and Chemical Examiner 1 Radiologist 1 Dental Surgeon .. 1 Ophthalmic Surgeon Otolaryngologiat 1 Pathologist and Bictoriologist 1 Assistant Surgeons- Mon 12 Voinen 3 Sab-assistant Surgeons Hea G2 Women 12 Matrons Sisters Sanitary Supervisor Sanitary Inspectors 20 Sala Nurses 93 Norses and Jidviren 33 Compounders 88 Principal Medical Officer's Office Lstablishment Superiotending Vedical Officer's Office Establishment 4 .. ... .. ... ... I. ..

·191 .. 1 1 . . 1 Director of Pablic Fieritli's Onice Establislıment Lady Health Superintendent's Ofice Establishment. Sadul filitary Hospital Olice Establishment Resident Surgeon's Office Ganga Golden Jubilee Tuberculosis Hospital War Fospital's Office Establishment Central Medical Stores Establishment Hospitals Bas Service and Ambulance Servico Mistries Tailors Vaccination Staff Lover Establishment 4 9 . 3 ... ... 2 4 51 *. 359 Hospitals and Dispensaries. 3. The total number of institutions giving medical relief in the State was 46 comprising 6 Hospitals and 3 Dispensaries in the Capital and 3 Hospitals and 34 Dispensaries in the various towns of the State. Expenditure. 4. The total expenditure of the Department during the year amounted to Rs. 11,12,557, as per details given below:- Rs 9. (1) Office and General (2) General Men's Hospital (3) General Women's and Children's Hospital (4) Ophthalmic Department (5) Ganga X-Bay and Radium Institute (6) Dental Department (7) Clinical and Resorrch Laboratory (8) Anti-Rabic Centro, Bikaner ... (9) Gadga Golden Jubilee Tuberculosis Fospital (10) Sadul Military Hospital (11) Other IIospitals and Dispensaries in the Carital ani Districts (12) Railway Dispensaries (13) Vaccination Department (14) Public Elealth and Samtation. (15) War Hospitals 88,010 2,08,613 1,26,364 9,064 14,194 12,482 11,513 3,228 10,960 30,205 ... I. 2.09,205 15,320 16,210 14,103 3,14,250 ·122 ... .. ... ... 5. The expenditure during the last 5 years as as follows: Year Rs. 1940-41 6,24,419 1941-42 7,18,541 1912-43 8,17,581 1913-14 13,12,481 1944-45 11,12,557 Number of patients... 6. The number of out-door and in-door patients treated in the medical institutions in the State during the last 5 years was as follows: Year. Out-patients la-patients. 1940-41 4,75,213 11,114 1941-42 5,52,381 13,968 1942.43 5,42,137 13,759 1943-44 5,10,814 14,873 1944-45 5,75 031 19,577 Vaccination. 7. The number of vaccinations performed during the last 5 years was as below: Yenr. Successful Unsuccessful Total 1940-41 31,396 1,121 39,517 1941-42 26,889 4,770 31,659 1948.43 19,472 23,292 49,764 1913.44 44,401 11,487 55,888 1944.45 35,951 8,503 44,454 Surgical Operations. 8. In all 3,279 wajor operations and 36,349 minor operations were performed in the various medical institutious during the year under reriet. Below are given the figures for the last 5 years: Year. Major Operations. Minor Operations 1910.41 7,145 30,967 191-42 3,693 30,963 1942-43 5,389 31,280 1913.44 5,821 80,442 1944-45 3,273 36,319 ... ..

·129 Rural Medical Relief. 9. 213 lbs. of quinine costing Rs. 8,288-8-0 was distributed to the villagers during tho maların season through tho various medical institutions in the State. Vital Statistics of the Capital 10 The total number of births registered at the Capital during the year was 3,578 as against 3,678 in the last year, showing a decrease of 100 as compared to the previous year, while the number of deaths as 1,186 as against 1,881 in the previous year. The ratio of births per 1,000 of population decreased from 28:0 in the previous year to 270 in the year under review, while the death rate decreased from 14:5 to 9'4. Medical Inspection of School children. 11. 9,273 School boys were examined by the State Medical Officers during the year. Men's General Hospital. 12. The following table shows the work done in the Men's General Hospital at the Capital during the year under review: 1943-44 1944-45 Attendance at the Hospital- In-door patients 6,461 5,844 Out-door patients 52,131 50,207 Operations- Major 1,751 1,346 Ninor 9,279 8,276 Injections- Intravenous 1,90,731 1,75,739 Anti-rabic 4,937 4,781 Other injections 2.82,331 2,31,121 Ophthalmic Dopartirent- Operations . 1,951 1,922 Dontal Majo: 606 Minor 9,021 7,987 ... .. 10. ... 111 ·124 142 ... 435 ... 1 ... re I! Venareal Department. 13. 38 beds were maintained and 513 cases treated. Ganga X-ray and Radium Institute. 14. The following table shows the work done at the Ganga X-ray and Rndium Institute:- 1943-44. 1944-45. Radiographs 3,984 3,435 Barium meals and enamas 205 Pylography 23 - 13 Cholecystography 4 6 X-Ray therapy 5,133 2,577 Fluroscopic examinations 305 242 Blectro-Therapy. Faradic current 783 Diatbermy 18 Ultra-violet rays 187 169 Radiant heat 673 141 Inducto therapy 778 Musclo Stimulation 464 Short wayC8 1,738 Electric massage 6 Galvanisation 8 Laboratory. 15. The following table shows the work done in the Laboratory: Urine Analysis. 1943-44. 1944-45. Examination of urino 4,898 5,051 Urca concentration test 6 2 Diazo roiction 8 Blood Examination. Cytological counts of blood 5,605 6,355 Valarial parasitios 5,430 4,952 Blood (or Coagulation tima 80 60 Blood matching 395 400 Blood for sogar 104 126 Blood aros 50 Blood sedimentation rate 2,430 2,545 All others ... 123 .. .. 1,525 ... ... M 16 .. 190 . 25 ...

·125 ... . OU Serological Examisations. 1943-44. 1914.48. Kahn's for syphilis 2.996 3,210 Widal's for typlo: 140 110 Yondenberg's for Jaundiec 80 26 All others ... 30 24 Smear and Culture (Bacteriological Examinations). Sputum for T B. 3,946 1,970 Urethral discharge for Gonococci 925 1,473 Swabs from pose, throat and eyes 110 121 Cultures ... 150 83 All others ... 540 344 Freces. Stool examination 3,946 4.183 Gastric Examination. Gastric and Fractional test 356 339 Miscellaneous. Cerebrospinal fluid examination 68 1,250 Ascitric and all other puncture fluid examinations 58 83 Histological examinations 154 141 Chemical Analygis. Water, milk, gheo and medico-legal cases 57 56 Surgery. 16. The following table shows the number of important operations performed during the year under report: 1943-44. 1944-46. Removal of Tumours and Cysts 1,463 1,208 Removal of new growths 833 835 Skin Grafting 920 985 211 914 Amputations 015 312 Removal of Tonsils 15 37 Operations on Urethra, Testis and its coverings 421 Artificial Proumothorax 8,212 8,012 Abscess incised and drained 829 597 Removal of foreigo body 6,092 5,292 49 45 Incision of carbunclos ... 1,822 1.709 Sotting of fractured bones by wiring, plating etc. ... 703 Reduction of dislocation . 815 Suturing of rounds 622 .

·126 ... r. ... 1943-44. 1944-45. Removal of Sequestra 55 71 Hydrocele.. 29 29 Removal of glands 31 24 Removal of prostatic calculus 45 51 Plastic operations 810 797 Incision of boils and whitloss 940 718 Operation for peri tonsillar abscess 34 69 Operation on nose 97 Transfusion of blood 523 407 Others 884 148 Women's and Children's General Hospital, 17. Dr. (Miss) S. M. Telang, M.D. (Bombay), continued to be the Superintending Medical Officer of the Women's and Children's Hospital during the year under-report. The following are the figures of the work done: - Patients 1943-44. 1944:45 In-door patients 4,171 3,740 Out-door patients 20,941 73,950 Operations. Major 166 81 Minor 584 X-Ray Department. ... .. 420 ro 435 266 237 916 434 981 . !! 1. Radiographs... Electro-Therspy. Faradisation ... Intra red Ultra Violet rays Radiant beat... Kromayer's rays Iodoctothermy Short Faro Galraalsation Lectric massage Serrealog 1,273 1,716 151 840 3 ... 05 217 467 149 871 ... .. 201 219 597 ·197 18. Qualified lidtires trere morking at Ganganngar, Churu, Ratangarh, Sardarshahr, Sujangarh, Nohar, Bhadra, Rajgarh, Taranagar, Napasar and thic Railway Dispensaries at Hanumangarh, and Railway Workshop Dispensary at Bikaner. The Princess Chandkanwarji Orphanage 19. The number of orphans at the end of the year under review was 51–34 boys and 17 girls. Of these 39 attended the School and 12 were infants. 20. The institution maintains an Upper Primary School within its premises. A small dispensary is also attached to the Orphanage for ordinary ailments. The King-Emperor George V Memorial Infirmary. 21. The number of inmates at the end of the year under report was 8–6 men and 2 women, 22. Both the institutions remained under the Principal Medical Officer till June 1915 and thereafter under the Director of Education. The Superintendent, Office and kitchen establishmeut wcie common to both the institutions The total expenditure on both the institutions for the year under reviews was Rs. 19,467.

·128 CHAPTER X. Local Self-Government. 1. The pumber of Municipalities working in the districts during the year was 26, 17 in the Sadar Dirision and 9 in the Ganganagar Dirision. There were five District Boards and 100 Panchayats in the State. Bikaner Municipal Board. 2. Dr. Bhagat Ram and Pt. Dhansukhdas Joshi continued to be the President and the Vicc-President respectively of the Bikaner Municipal Board. 3. Dr. Himmat Singh, Ophthalmic Surgeon, having resigned, Dr. J. Dass, Deputy Director of Public Health, was appointed in his place. Later, Mr. J. Dass baring been recalled to Burma, Dr. R. S. Bhatnagar succeeded him. The Inspector of Schools was appointed as a nominated member of the Board, vice the Director of Education resigned. Meetings. 4. 33 meetings of the Board were called, of which 7 had to bo postponed for vant of quorun. The meetings at whicb business was conducted were 16, out of which 10 were special and 6 ordinary. Committees 5. The Public Works, Sanitary and Finance Committees beld 2, 4 nad 2 meetings respectirely and worked satisfactorily during the year. Compulsory Primary Education, 6. There were 14 Primary Schools functioning during the year. The number of students studying in these schools tras 1,967 as against 1,287 in the previous year. The total amount provided in the Budget for 1944-45 for these schools was Rg. 24,602, two third of thich was contributed by the State.

·120 Sanitation and Public Health. 7. The sanitation of the Bikaner Cits remained sntis. factory and the fork of flushing drains was carried on as in the previous year. With a rior to acbiere better results the Deputy Director of Public Health was appointed as the exofficio Chairman of the Sanitary Committec of the Board ana the powers exercised by the Executive Officer in respoct of sanitation and public health wero vested in him. 8. All the marshy places, pits, etc, were regularly treated with malarial oil. The Municipal authorities rendered all possible help to the Malaria Control Staff. 9. Suspected cases of epidemic diseases were immediately looked into and in this copnection 20 houses were disinfected during the year. 10. Hotels, Basas and aerated water factories were occasionally visited by the Sanitary Committee, the Health Officer and the Sanitary Supervisor. The last two officers also visited the fruit and vegetable shops and readily destroyed all fruits and vegetables found rotten and unwliolesome. Public Utility Works 11. Due to war conditions, no big scheme could be taken in hand and only the maintenance of asphalt and other roads in the City could be done by way of repairs. 12. Besides carrying on repairs to the existing drains where and whenever necessary, new drains were built in Mohalla Didwani Sipahi and Pbar Bazar and at various other localities in the City. Kankar ronds lending from Banthion-ka-chowk to Telitara and Baidon-ka-chowk were repened. Patch repairs to the roads were carried out where necessary and several other kntcha roads were properly levelled and dressed. A water trough mas constructed for the use of animals, bebind the Dangar College Hostel. 18. The total expenditure on Public Works came to -Rs. 13,366.

·190 Street lighting, 14. The total number of lights provided and maintained by the Board inside and outside the city was 556. The mndagement of the street lighting continued to be under the Electrical and Mechanical Department. Ravenue and expenditure, 15. The total income of the Board for the year amounted to Rs. 1,71,818 as against Rs. 1,76,028 of the prerious year. The total expenditure was Rs. 2,77,918 against Rs. 2,30,528 of the previous year. Malmandı Cases. 18. The power to give permissions for construction was transferred to the City Improvement Committee. 113 miscel- Inneous files were pending decision by the Municipal Board at, the closo of the preceding year. 55 new cases wore added and 56 out of the total of 168 mere disposed of during the year, leaving a balance of 112 pending at the end of tho year. District Municipalities. General, 17. The total number of Municipalities in the districts was 26. The number of meetings held by cach DIunicipal Board is shown below:- Sedar Dirision, Bhadra 28 Nokla 6 Bhinagar 8 Rajaldesar 14 Chlapar *. 30 Rajgarh 9 Choru ... 29 Ratangarh 92 Dungargarh Ratannagar 12 Cangasbahr *. 12 Tamnagar 35 Lankaransar 6 Sardarshahr 18 Nagacit 11 Sujangarh Nobar ... 13 Capanagar Division. Apurgarh 1 Karappur Gajbioghror 15 Naisinghnagar 0 Gangsdagar 18 Sangaris 12 Hanopungarb 3 Saratgarh 13 lindo malkolc ... 12 .. ... •1. .. ... ... .

·131 Bereave. 18. The main source of incomno 01 octroi duty on imported articles, term hackney carriages tax, teh bazari tax, dut. licence fee of flour muills and interest on thi Due to War the Municipal rerenues hu adversely. Efforts were, however, made to means to increase their income and to put the: financial basis. 19. The Municipal taxes in various Municipalities in the Ganganagar Division and in the Bikaner Municipal Board are realised direct by the local bodies themselves, while in the case of Municipalities in the Sadar Division except Gangashahr, Bhinasar, Dungargarh, Sardarshahr, Ratannagar, Nobar and Sujangarh during the year under review, the collection was done by the Customs and Excise Department on payment of 8% of total realisation. Recoveries of a few ninor items like licence fee on flour mills, rent of stalls, etc., were made by the Municipalities themselves. The aggregate collection for Municipalities by the Customs and Excise Department amounted to Rs. 64,779-6-1, out of which Rs. 5,182-5-0 were paid on account of collection charges. 20. The Municipalities are responsible for such services as the improvement of sanitation, lighting of public streets, construction of wells and diggis for drinking water, maintenance of chowkidars for watch and ward, aid to local schools and dispensaries and construction and maintenance of and repairs to roads and thoroughfares. Most of the Municipalities in the Sadar Division have been provided with Anti-Malaria and Sanitary Inspectors. Education. 22. The Boards of Bhadra, Dungargarb, Sujaggarh, Tara. nagar and Sardarshabr, prorided sums in their Budgets for giring aid to schools. The Jupicipalities at Sujangarh, Ratan- - 21.

·132 vardarshabr, Rajgarh, Bhadra and Churu had contributed Stree wards the Compulsory Primary Education Schools established within their respective jurisdictions. Various sums are also provided by several Municipalities as aid to the Boy Scouts Movement and libraries. The Karanpur Municipality is running a Girls School and the expenditure on this account amounted to Rs. 2,017-3-6 during the year, Government have sanctioned a grant of Rs. 1,800 for this School, The Municipalities in the Ganganagar Division contribute their share to the Eduoation Department for running Schools. Municipal Roads. 23. No nomr roads were constructed by the Municipalities during the year. Necessary repairs to roads and streets were done by the Municipalities concerned. Gangashahr, Bhinasar, Sujangarh, Churu, Rajgarh, Sardarshahr, Bhadra, Chhapar and Nobar have metalled roads. 24 Roads in the Ganganagar Division are fow and require repairs and large extensions. His Highness' Government bare sanctioned the lery of the following tax on passenger tickets issued to and from Gangapagar, Suratgarh, Hanumangari Karanpur and Raisingbnagar Railway Stations : 1st Class 020 per tiokot. 2nd 020 Inter, 0 1 0 3rd 006 The receipts from this source will be utilised for construction of roads in tho tovyn concerned. District Board, Ganganagar. Constitution, 25. The Board consists of 48 members, out of whom 36 arc clected. Keatings. 26. Altogether 3 macetings were hold during the year. Thc arcrage attendance of members at the meotings was 722 perccat on compared with 58.85 percent in the provious year. 23 ... .. 1 37 11 ·133 Herenue. 27. The pain sources of income there the local rate and profession tas Local Rate is assessed on the total amount of land rercnue and crop late at the inte of six pies per rupee and is realised through the Rerenue Departinent. Profession tax is imposed on incomes other than agricultural income and is assessed in three grades according to the income and profession of the person liable to pay it. The total receipts of the Board during the year under review was Rs. 53,845-10-9. Expenditure. 28. The total expenditure during the year amounted to Rs. 37,406-15-6 as against Rs. 36,065-8-9 in the previous year. Education 29. The Board maintained 40 Schools with 1,000 boys. The Board continued to meet half the expenditure for opening special classes at Ganganagar and Kaianpur Schools at a cost of Rs. 600. Medical and Public Health, 30. The Dispensary of the Board at Gulabwala and the Ayurvedio-Dispensary at Muklawa worked satisfactorily during the year. The total number of patients treated in these dispensaries was 18,338. 31. The Board contributed to the State Hospital, Ganganagar, a sum of Rs. 1,600 for X’Ray plant and the purchase of medicines. Veterinary Dispensaries. 32. The Veterinary Dispensaries maintained by the Board at Ganganagar and Padawpur ere taken adrantage of by the zamindars of the Colony. The total number of cattle treated in the dispensaries during the year under report was 25,894. Cattle Fair. 33. The Cattle Fair and Exbibition organised by the Bogid at Ganganagar during the year was a great success.

·194 It not only afforded a good market for the sale of cattle and indigenous products but also had much educative value in regard to the introduction of better sanitation and approved methods of agrioulture. Expenditure on the Fair amounted to -Rs. 2,821-12-3 and income as Rs. 5,069-0-9. District Board, Bikaner. 34. The District Board, Bikaner, consists of 45 members out of whom 33 are elected. The income of the Board was Rs. 4,661-11-0 and was derived from the following sources:- (1) a levy of 6 pies per rupee on land revenue in Khalsa villages and tribute from Patta villages; (it) a charge of 1 pie per rupee on income in case of Betalab villages. 35. Medicines for malarial and typhoid cases worth Rs. 200 were distributed free to the villagers. 38. Five Primary Schools continued to be run by the District Board with an annual expouditure of Rs. 2,000. Suitable rewards were given by the Board tu winners in cattle shows and cainel races at Kolayat and Mukam fairs. District Board, Rajgarh, 37. The District Board, Rajgarh, consists of 54 members out of whom 42 are elected. The Board hela 2.special and 2 ordinary incetings in the year. The Board had an income of Rs. 13,000 recovered as local rate. The expenditure of the Board for the year.jas Rs. 10,301-15-0. 38. The Board has opened 5 ner Primary Sohools in rural arcas during the year, mising the number of primary schools to 9. An Ayurrcdio Dispensary in Village Ramgarh, Tehsil Nobor, bas also been opened, which provides free medical • service It bas further snactioned the opening of ouo retoriarry dispensary at Bhadra.

·135 District Board, Sajnogarh. 39. The District Poard, Sujangarh, consists of 15 incinbers out of bow 34 are elected. The rescnuc of the Board for the year under review as 4,583-8-0 bile the expondituro of the Board for the year was Rs. 1,014-9.3. District Board, Suratgarh. 40. The District Board, Suratgarh, consists of 35 members, out of trhom 27 are elected. 41. The revenue of the Board during the year was Rs 27,763-4-6 as against Rs. 22,461-7-3 in the previous year. The expenditure amounted to Rs. 11,316-2-6 as against Rs.9,203-3-3 in the previous year. 42. The Board held 7 ineetings and the average attendance was 38 per cent as against 47.72 of the previous yoar, the decrease being mainly due to the spreadiug of Malaria in the district. 43. 11 schools were maintained by the Board during the year. The expenditure on these schools amounted to 4,002-6-6 as compared with Rs. 3,535-14-0 in the previous year. 44. The Veterinary Dispensary opened at Hanumangarh in April 1943 is proving very useful. The number of cattle treated was 6,335 against 4,991 of the last year, Village Panchayats. General. 45. The village Panchayats remained under the Revenue Commissioners upto the end of February 1945 then they were transierred under the Rural Reconstructiou Commissioner. One Tehsildar and 6 Naib-Tebsildars were appointed to do tholetime work in this convection. During the year under reries 49 new Panchayats were established raising the number of Panchayats in the State to 100.

·136 Exercise of Powers. 46. Under the Act, the Panchayats are ompowered to enterain civil suits upto a valuation of Rs. 50 and cases of compromise of parties through the court upto a valuation of Rs. 100. In the criminal side, the Panchayats are empowered to entertain cases under sections 160, 289, 290, 294, 323, 352, 379, 411, 426, 504, 506 and 509. 47. 14 cases on the civil side were pending at the close of tle preceding year and 144 cases were added during the year, rnising the number of cases to be decided by the Pancbayats to 158. Out of these, 116 cases were decided leaving 42 cases pending at the close of the year under reviery. 48. 8 cases on the criminal side were pending at the close of the preceding year and 132 cases were added during the year, vaising the number of cases to be decided by the Panchayats to 140. Out of thiese, 108 were decided during the year leaving 32 cases pending at the close of the year. 49. The Panchayats also undertake the inanagement of public utility works, such as opening of schools, arranging supply of drinking water, maintenance of tanks, plantation of trees, lighting etc. No work in this respect worth mentioning tas carried out by the Panchayats during the year, Income 50. A tax of one and a half pies to six pies per rupee of land revenue has been levied in the villages served by Panchapats, which is recovered through and deposited in the Teboil concerned. 51. Tuc total income of the Panchayats'was Rs. 1,738-1-10 and the expenditure amounted to Rs. 126-7-0. Setting up of Model Villages. 52. Vodel villages cre set up in two villages namely, Udasar and Gadhsala in Tebsil Sadar.

·197 CHAPTER XI Finance. General. 1. Colonel Jabar. Sri Narayan Sıugliji Balindur icunained in charge of the Fmance portfolio Mr. V. R. Adige, M.A., B. Litt. (Oson), continued as Secretary to the Gorenment in the Finance Department 2. Rai Bahadur Lala Nihal Chandji Sarwal aud Pt. Anant Lal Vyas continued to be the Accountant-General and Assistant Accountant-General respectively. Receipts. 3. The year under review started with an opening balance of Rs. 3,58,34,095 including debt head balances The total receipts together with this openiog balance amounted to Rs. 6,67,51,447 and the total expenditure to Rs. 2,23,60,010, leaving a closing balance of Rs 4,43,88,407. An abstract statement of receipts and expenditure of the State for the year 1944-45 will be found in Appendıx B. 4 The actual and estimated receipts of the State during the year were as below:- Difference. Ordinary 2,51,81,114 2,05,46,414 46,34,700 Extraordinary and Capital. 57,39,249 62,32,420 4,93,471 Actual. Estimate Total 3,09,20,363 2,67,79,134 41,41,229 Decrease. R, 5. The principal items of increase and decrease in the Ordinary' Rerenne against the budget estinates of the year under review sure nated below:- Ilends. Increase. Rs I. Land Rereaue 6,25,696 II. Viscellaneous Revenue and Duties 2,10,351 IV. Sale of Gorernment Property 65,350 V. Stamps 97.827 VI. Customs 12,03,017 VII. Excise 4,67,703 ·138 .. Increase, Decrease. Rs. Ra. VIII. Salt 28,480 IX. Registration 16,185 XI. State Railray 16,67,626 XII. Gang Canal 1,78,136 XIV. Coal 1,89,258 XT Multan: Witti 15,239 XVIII. Stationery and Printing 91,476 XXI. Administration of Justice 16,016 XXII. Jail 14,578 XXI Police 44,631 XXVII. Agricultural Dopartaient 12,613 XXVIII Inimal Husbandry 14,364 XXX Compierce and Industries 21,528 XSSI Interost 1.71,375 XXXIV, Electrical and Mechanical Department. 33,265 XXXV. Water Works 13,143 XL Miscellaneous 75,318 8. The increase under Land Rerenue, liscellaneous Rovenue and Duties, Sale of Government property, State Railway, Gang Canal, Stamps, Customs and Registration was duc to upored condition of the people in general and the agriculturists in particular on account of the rise in prices of all commodities 18 il result of the War and consequently more sales of land and increased importa, traffic, etc. Ihr increase under escise is due to increase in the prices of crciseable drugs while that under Stationers and Printing is due to greater demand on account of increase in the nunber of Depart. incnts The increase under Jails is due to increased output and sale of the auticles manufactured in the Jails, while thint under Police is due to increase in tlie wale of unclaimed aninıl And righer collection on account of contracts for plying taxies. Thr inermis under Commerce and Industries is due to Tirocul Schicum, imder Interest inic to investment of surplus amongt available, under Electrical and Jechanical Department dluc to increase in the number of conzumers and under Miscellancong due to increase in the resenuo of the Gadga Thestre.

·139 7. The main items of decrease are under (VIII) Salt, due to its lesser import, under (XIV) Coal due to its lesser raising than that anticipated, under (XXI) Administration of Justice due to less sale of couit fee starops (XXVII), under Agricultural Department due to less sale of Produce and under (XXVIII) Animal Husbandıy, due to less receipts under Sheep Breeding. 8. "The increase of Rs. 18,61,444 under head " Capital Receipts" related to large sales of land and better collection of arrears of instalınants from the sale of land and sale proceeds of Occupancy Rights. The collection was chiefly due to better condition of the agriculturists in the Canal Area as a result of the higher prices of food-grains. Expenditure. 9. The actual and estimated expenditure during the year was as follows Actual Estimate Difference RS Rs. Rs. Ordinary expenditure 1,63,54,190 1,59,25,548 4,29,642 Extraordinary anil Capital ex. penditure 36,11,850 30,10,762 6,01,085 Contubution to Fundy 24,05,000 24,00,000 Nil Total 2,23,66,010 2,13,36,310 10,29,730 10. The following are the heads under which the priocipal wucreases and decreases under “Ordinary" expediture as compared with the estimates took place.- Heads (ucrease Decreaso Rs Ra. 9. State Railway 5,02,342 13. Pelana Colliery 57,279 24 Police 18,921 25 Education 1,44.386 26. Medical and Sanitation 66 526 Utility and 27. Forhs of Public Gardeus .. 1.04.402 2$. Constructiou tou maintenancs ol Pablic Roads *** 12. ..

·140 Rs. .ee . . . Heads Increas Deorease Rs. 35. Commorce and Iodustries 90,717 36. Interest 64,567 37. Army 37,948 38. Buildings and Roads .. 2,43,086 39. Electrical and Mechanical Deptt.. 1,06,590 41). Water Vorks 42,760 45. Miscellaneous 1,08,443 11. The principal items of Extraordinary and Capital Expenditure are shown below:- Extraordinary Ru.. 1. State Tours of His Highnesg the Vaharaja 75,618 2 Survey of the Capital 51,478 3 Surros and settlement for grant of Occupancy Rights in Jagir Villages 1,66,205 4 Rectangulation and levelling of Bhakra Dam Project 15,942 5 Construction of Kotwali 23,949 6. Conpeasation for acquisition land 50,779 7 Special Staff for the completion of Revenuc Records in Gang Canal Area 18,823 8 War Esperses .. 18,03,496 9. Doimoss allowance to Stato employees cxcluding tho Railway Dopartment 9,04,709 10. Donations and Contributions 66,210 11. .Iddition and alteration to Bijoy Bhattan 1,87,321 12. Victory day Colobrations 51,874 13. Geological Departmeat 11,362 14 alsrin opidomic 10,185 Capital 47. Stato Railstay 82,289 48 Gang Capa! 26,400 49. Palann Colliery 53,138 51. Public Works Department ... 6,740 52. Electrical and Icchanical Department 51.833 53. Wator Works 3,310 Contribution to Funds. 1. Development Funds 12,00,000 2. Special Reinric lund for Bhakth Dam 5,00,000 3. Railway Rese:To Fun! 5,00,000 4. Cororonial Turi 1.00,000 3 Gear Rourro Fund 1.09,000 . ...

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·140 a. ... NO ... - . . Heads Increas Dearease Rs. Rs. 35. Commerce and Industries 90,717 36. Interest ... 64,567 37. Army 37,948 38. Buildings and Roads 2,43,086 39. Electrical and Mechanical Deptt. 1,06,590 40. Water Works 43,760 45. Miscellaneous 1,08,443 11, The principal items of Extraordinary and Capital Expenditure are shown below: Extraordinary. B. 1 State Tours of His Highness the Maharaja 75,618 2 Survey of the Capital 51,478 3 Survey and settlement for grant of Occupancy Rights in Jagir Villages 1,66,208. 4 Rectangulation and levelling of Bhakra Dam Project 15,942 5 Construction of Kot trali 23,942 6. Compensation for acquisition of land 50,779 7. Special Staff for the completion of Rerenue Records in Gang Canal Area 18,823 8 War Expenses ... 18,03,496 9. Dearness allotrance to State employees excluding the Railtray Department 9,04,709 10. Donations and Contributions 66,210 11 Addition and alteration to Bijey Bbatran 1,87,321 19. Victory day Celebrations 51,874 13. Geological Department 11,362 14 Malaria epidemic 10,185 Capital 47 State Railway ... 82,289 48. Gang Capal 26,400 49 Palana Collery 53,138 51. Public Works Department ... 6,740 52 Electrical and Jechanical Department 54,833 53. Water Works ... Contribution to Funds. 1. Development Funds 12,00,000 2. Special Reserre Fand for Bhakra Dam 3,00,000 3. Railway Reserre Fund 5,00,000 4. Ceremonial Fund 1,00,000 3. General Reserse Fund ... 1.00,000 . 9,510 .. . + ..

·143 CHAPTER XII. Miscellaneous. Chiefs and Nobles. 1. The following Sardars expired during the year under report (1) Thakur Prithi Singhji of Hadlan. (2) Thakur Kesii Singhji of Sindhu. Walter-Krit Rajputra Hitkarini Sabha. 2. Altogether 887 marriages among the Rajputs and 73 iparriages among the Charans were reported during the year under review. Infringements of the prescribed rules took place. in 113 marringes among the Rajputs aud in 16 marriages among the Charaus. Tliese infringements were dealt with according to the Rules. There were 56 cases of marringes among Sardais and 6 cases among Charaus pending at the close of the pieceding year. Cases of 18 marriages among Sardars iemnined pending at the close of the year. The working of the Sabha was on the whole satisfactory. Court of Wards. 3. The Court of Words remnined under the portfolio of tle General Secretary during the yenr under report. Pandit Sita Ran lyne, Retired Nazini, continued as Officer Court of Tards tlıroughout the year. 4. At the beginning of the year 142 estates were under the management of the Court of Wards, of which 23 were Teleased 11 new estates were taken over during the year, bringing the number of estates under the management of the Court of lands to 130. 32 estates were allowed to be waoaged by the l'attelars and Bhogtas either personalls or through their wear ielntions. Thus the total number of estates under ·144 the inanagement of the Court of Wards came to 162. Out of these 130 estates directly managed by the Court of Wards, 25 were due to minority, 92 due to indebtedness, 5 due to succession being not finally settled, 2 due to mismaungeinent, 2 due to non-settlement of adoption, 3 due to the invalidity of the Pattedars and 1 due to other causes. 5. The principal estates under the Court of Wards were- (1) Thikana of Maharaj Sri (7) Lakhagar Tej Singhji Sahib (8) Jharia (2) Jagana (9) Dadreta. (3) Sarunda. (10) Hardesar. (4) Nima. (11) Garabdegan. (5) Mahela (12) Ajitpura. (6) Sidhmukh (13) Dhandhusai 6. During the year under review 16 wards were receiving education as against 15 in the previous year. hy. The income of the estates under the direct management of the Court of Wards amounted to Rs. 0,02.602-11-7 and there was a balance in hand of Rs. 5,19 654-9-1. During the year under l'eport Rs. 4,36,995-4-9 were spent and Rs. 3,25,853-9-0 were deposited in the Bank. The details of the expenditure are as below:- Rs p9, (1) Rakam Rekh 95,555 9 9 (2) Arrears of Rakan Rekh 9,305 - 14 6 (3) Interest on airears of Rekam Rekh... 6,813 16 6 (4) Rakam Rekh paid to the State on behalf of Chhutbbais 21,372 13 6 (5) Arrears of Rakam Rekh of Chhut- 7,167 14 9 (6) Interest on arrears of Rakam Rekli of Chhutbhais 2,435 15 (7) State dents 939 0 (B) Other debts 47,049 2 (9) Court lees 21,976 3 (10) Court of Wards expenditure 12,581 0 (11) Thikana expenses including guzara. 37,104 11 (13) Fducation expenses of wards 12,213 (13) Other miscellaneous expenses 99,305 8 Total 3,91,626 3 9 19. bhais ... 6 0 6 6 6 3 6 ·14.7 8. Debts against the Thikanas under the Court of Wards stood as bolow:- R9. as, p. (1) Arrears of Rakam Rekh to the State... 1,11,387 12 G (2) Arrears of Rakam Rekh on beball of Chhutbhais 1,55,179 0 4 (3) State debts 42,689 0 6 (4) Other debts 0 2,84,347 10 ... (5) Interest 5,93,603 7 Total 11,87,206 14 8 The Ganga Golden Jubilee Museum. 9. The Ganga Golden Jubilec Museum r'emained in the portfolio of the Public Works Jinister, and K. Sagat Singh, G. D. (Art), continued to be the Assistant Curator of the Museum. 10. 25,013 persous visited the Museum during the year as against 24,670 in the last year. 11, Some new exhibits were acquired for the Vuscuns. The total expenditme incurred on the Museum amounted to Rs. 3,399 as against Rs. 3,822 in the preceding year. Stores Purchase Committee. 12. Rai Sahib Pandit Chliatar Singh as appointed as Secretary with effect from the 1st April 1945 alien Rau Sabub Lala Kanliya Lal Saughi was appointed the Drector of Ciril Supplies. 13. The total nuruber of indents dealt with during the year was 536 ns against 365 in the prerions year. The amount realised as carnest money amounted to Rs. 19,312-4-0 as against Rs. 12,971-4-0 in the previous year and the expenditure incurred on the Department amounted to Rs. 9,035-13.9.

·146 Veterinary Hospitals. 14. The Sivakanu Veterinary Hospital and the old Veteri. nary Hospital, Civil Lines, Bikaner, equipped with modern medicines, instruments etc., continued to work efficiently during the year. A Veterinary Hospital was opened at Churu on the 18th October 1946 and it worked satisfactorily. 15. Dr. N. N. Ghosal, G.B.V.C., continued to be the Veterinary Surgeon. 16. 8,795 cases were treated in the Hospitals during the year as against 7,416 in the previous year. 57 operations were performed. The Veterinary officers attended the Ganganagar and Gogameri Cattle Fairs and 275 bull-calres were castrated with the Burdizzo castrator during the fair. 17. Anti-rabic treatment was also giren to animals. Propaganda tork for the treatinent of animals ander village conditions and improrement of livestock mere undertaken. Publicity. 18. The Publicity Bureau was established in August 1927 in order to meet the exigencies of the times, to check the spread of false or incorrect reports and to keep the outside world ipformed of the constructive work done in the State. It continued to do useful work during the senr under review. 19. Consequent on the resignation of Mr. M. N. Tholal, Mr. Brij Raj Kumar Bhatnagar was appointed on the post of Director of Publicity, 20. The Bikaner Bulletin (English) and Bikaner Samachar (Hindi) hich were started to keep the people closely informed of the nctivities of His Higlmess' Government, were converted into monthly publications in August 1945. Seren issues of these illustrated magazines were published during the year, including a special Victory Number Press Notes were also issued on various occasions.

·147
6
21. Besides the cuttings received from foreign and Indian
agencies, the number of newspapers and magazines subscribed
by the Bureau was as follows:
(1) Dailies (English)... ...
12
(2) Weaklies (English)
(3) Dailies (Hindi)
(4) Weeklies (Hindi and Urdu)
5
(5) Vontlilies (English)
(6) Quarterly (English)
4
.
5
1

·148 APPEN Statement of Rainfall recorded Xoveinber 1914 Decepiber January February March 1944 1945 1915 1915 April 1915 Rain gruge stations Scral No Incher Incher Cents Inchos Cents Inches Cents Inches Cents Inches Cents Inches Cents 1 Bilance A3 20 43 2 Magra 3 Gajner 90 4 Palana 70 8 Lunkaranter 15 15 P. 6 Nokha 05 21 901 90 . 7 Sujangarh 8 Ratangaza 9 Bardarebahr $3 62 60 89 47 90 10 Dungergarh 11 Churu 10 : 1 96 17 12 Rajgarh 13 Bhadra 08 1 11 13 30 14 Nohar 1 05 25 06 83 35 51 20 . 47 11 .. 89 .. 15 | Taradegar 16 Racomyogarh 17 Suratgarh 18 Anupgarh 20 Gangapagar 20 | Padampur 21 Karappur 22 Ralsinghnigar 1 40 29 26 97 15 . 1 20 10 91 ... 1. 78 13 I. . ... Total 10 29 1631 14 8 01 ·110 DIX A. in the Bikaner State during the year 1914.45. Vay 1915 Junc 1915 July 1915 August 1915 Sept. 1915 October 1915 Total Total 1914-45 1913-14 Inchios Conts Inches Conts Inclics Cents Iorbes Cents Inches Cepta Inches Cents Inches Cents Tachos Cents 2 20 2 01 4 19 1 8' 7 !1 ... J 65 ... 10 6 91 ... 3G 161 34 50 5 86 71 1 71 . 51 3 20 G 11 61 1 10 19 00 | 16 | 12 913 0 77 20 13 51 12 18 37 11 06 71 1 6 00 25 67 1+ 1 38 4 70 03 2 S5 ... ... .. 40 3 32 1 1 10 63 12 17 5 2 65 1 1 49 6 33 1001 4 06 52 73 23 92 10 60 4 05 1 22 3 81 11 67 15 39 2G 2 70 10 04 1 35 1 65 18 17 18 22 1 13 4 33 15 14 16 595 2 2 59 2 1 11 1 25 4 63 61 13 83 30 81 12 95 1 05 13 7 77 6 20 25 17 66 1 571 1 33 1 3 ES 6 21 19 14 04 27.01 1 1 32 70 19 13 13 87 17 04 3 15 5 9 29 2 1 - 1 82 05 17 ca 45 92 11 67 1 13 03 2 43 1106 9 93 19 24 11 47 CG $ CD 1 45 1 90 10 603 11 66 314 3 07 1 33 19 3 35 10 61 4 23 152 33 9 50 3 61 15 13 19 27 25 1 99 2 65 2 69 10 197 35 1969 1 81 1 . 39 11 167 70 18 19 101 97 61 ED 67 1 33 16 323 61 321 91 10 71 1 1 AVERAGE 15.60 .

·150 APPEN Receipts. Abstract Statenient of Receipts and Expenditure Senal No Heady of Receipts Estimatos 1944-48 Accounts 1914-45 Ne, NN. Revenue Receipts. brenaryk ! C Pripapal Heads of Reregue- 1 Land Rerenuo AS. P. 52,45,090 38,70,776 1 S Miecallaneous Revenue and Dutics 2,88,700 1,09,081 4 6 3 Incoroc Tax ..? 330 0 0 ... Sala of Government Property 1,31,823 1,97,204 150 5 Stamps . 1,88,750 2,36,577 5 6 Oustoras 16,50,000 28,53,047 7 6 7 Excise 26,84,110 31,51,818 6 0 8 Salt 1,49,500 1,14,019 13 9 ... 3 Registration .. ... 18,400 34,684 36 10 Forest 4,250 5,202 9 0 . TOTAL 83,09,625 1.09,61,977 & S *** .. D11, State Railway *** *** 72,00,000 87,57,625 15 2 E | Irrigation 19] Gads Canal 9. .. . 18,82,650 20,10,786 6 11 ... ... Co Gbaggar Canal 80,100 27,065 14 9 Torat 18,62,760 20,37,852 8 8 1 Jilperals- 14 COA! 0,52,300 3,61,01: 50 15 Mutani Mitt 16,000 81,288 10 8 16 Qnarjica 2,500 9,292 10 I. TOTAL 5,70,800 3,97,573 96 ·131 DIX B. of the Bikaner State for the car 1941.15. lirpenditurc. Nerlal No Hac Toomas 1 : 17|lt 1216 42 Expenditure. Ordery () Al Derasthan 1 14.7:13 1.13.763 11 3 82 Palare .. 20,62.70 :184,128 11 ( t Cirect Demandi on Rescue 3 Lend Perenne 4 Stamp's 5 Costuma Greire Salt 8.) Forest .. 407.000 10.32 1.93,036 6.80.78.) 0,21,193 9,337 9 1.98.00+ 16 087,578 10 13.150 7 2,040 (1 2 ONG 14,03,507 14,29,5790 TOTAL. 39,91,081 19 319:40 1)91 State Railway 7,10,920 18,631 2,20,500 0 3.927 il IS 10 11 12 Irrigation- Gang Canal Glinggar Canal Tale sells 7,58,851 7,50,427 11 TOTAL 1 1.77,394 2,31,673 480 13 Jlinerals Palana Collery Quarries 13 Toril 2,33,159 1.77.858 4,60,027 15 84.219 93,003 G Civil Administration 15 Jalkina 19 16 de nunta anul "Tre sury 12 Stue Sisinge Bank 18 Stores Committee 19 Stationery and Priating Other Departments 21 l'ensions and tiratuitics 19.015 31.69 1.07,409 SOX,809 8,833 1:2 31.933 19 1,1,216 16,0.3 9,81,789 9.-3,150 TOTAL ·152 APPEN Receipts. Abstract Statement of Receipts and Expenditure Scriz) No. Heads of Receipts Estimates 1944-45 Accounts 1944-45 1 R3. Rs. Ciril Administration- State Savings Banks 17 18 Stationery and Printing 63,000 1,57,476 4 10 19 i Stores Purchag Committee 150 LO .... 20 Gencral Records Office 350 390 5 3 .. Totar. 69,500 1,57,866 10 1 1 Protection- 21 | Administration of Justice *** ... 3,37,300 3,21,853 11 - 6 22 Juils 39,950 53,828 8 0 23 Police 61,500 1,06,030 13 3 10 a TOTAL 4,38,650 1,81,713 0 1 Beneficent Departments 23. Cducation 29,650 20,794 1 7 23 Heilical and Polic liealth 33,800 32,033 4 1 9,900 6,647 13 - 20 Works of Public Utility and Gardens 27 | Agricultural Esperimental Form 32,440 19,927 13 28 Animal Ilusbandry 15,650 1,285 120 l'oblie ..museinants and Entertainments ..... TOTAL. 1,15,310 81,000 010 7 30 Industrien Cominereu noil Inilustries 60,300 83,028 % K 31 Delt Sorrices- Interest 4,36,500 6,27,872 19 11 1. Army anil Defence 3: Arnis 9,830 .. 4.909 9 0 ·153 IX B.- Continued.) w/ the Brianer Slate for the year 1944-45.-(Conid.) Expenditure. Heads of F.speditare Estimates 1941-45 Accounts 1944-45 erlal 11 Protection Administration of Jastice Jails Police 23 Rs. 1,87,273 1,11,325 6,74,715 Re, 1,96,392 12 0 1,07,70+ 11 G 6,23,794 1 9 Toz11 9,73,319 9,29,8919 3 1 25 26 28 29 30 31 Beneficent Departments Education Medical and Public Health Works of Public Utility and Gardens Construction and maintenance of Puble Roal Rural l'econstriction Agricultural Department Co-operative Credit Sucties Animal Husbandry N1115ean Public Amusements and Entertainments 8,55,898 7.11.512 8 9 9,43,111 8,76,583 5 () 0,22,259 3,37,891 2,00,013 87,408 + 32,120 27.701 15 9 26,998 20,998 60 6,855 4.612 18 6 33.833 28,774 1 9 9.836 8,399 1 . Transferied udler 13211-cellaneous" 33 31 TOTAL 26,80,523 22,21,843 1:0 Industries-- Cominerce and Inilnstries 35 20,022 1,16,7394 6 K 36 I)ebt Services Interest 5,100 CO,CCC 15 0 L 37 9,15,356 9,89,303 14 9 MI 38 99 40 Army anal Defence Army Public Works Departments Buildings and louls Electrical and Mechanical llepartuent Winter Works 7.77.039 *9.185 9,46,749 3,37 133 6,96,974 11 3.03,98% 12 U Total 17,13,279 15,31.016 13 1 N 41 ܕ܀ Kashlanas- Karhlanas Automobile Department Farrasliklisna 90,803 62,190 54,833 R3.358 11,331 31,1.0 22 t 43 Total 9.07,820 1,81,030 :

·156 APPEN Receipts. dbstract Statement of Receipts and Expenditure Serial No Heads of Receipts Estimates 1944-45 Accounts 1944-45 CAPITAL, Capital Receipts- Sale of Innel in Gang Canal area 51,03,000 72,20,787 8 3 43 Sale of land in area coming under Bhakra Dam Project. IR. 44 Sale proceeds of Proprietary and Occupancs Rights, 8,02,720 8,18,576 10 9 R 45 Public loan TOTAL CAPITAL 62,07,720 80,69,164 8 0 TOTAL REI FSCE Perfirts 2.67,79.131 3,09,20,303 13 . Opening Balance 42,64,273 3,38,34,083 0 0 3 Johans GRAYD TOTAL 3,10,43,109 ... 11,07,54,418 10 0 + y Joliers ·157 DIX B.- (Continued.) of the Bikaner Stale for the year 1944-45.-(('ontd.) Expenditure. 1 Sorialo HIcads of Expendituro Estintos 1911 45 Accounts 1941-15 T 37 Expreaditure chargeable to Derelopment Fund - (R) Beneficent Departments - (1) Education 409 053 52,091 15 5 5.38,941 7,603 5 ca 2 17 3110 31.131 1 0 4,70,000 361 11 0 (11) Medical and Palilic Health (11) Works of Pahilic Ctility and Gardens (iv) Rural Reconstruction (*) Agricultural Department (vi) Co-operative Credit Societies (vii) Animal 1111»baudry ... (511) Hand Made Paper Factory 71,300 2,974 02 20,400 8,830 G 20,000 1.839 7 9 G! 9 6 ... Total (a) 17,70,997 1.12,317 12 u 8 1,019 10:2,100 . 4,361 1x 50 0.98 70th 1 ( (1) lemaiding Departments - (i) Laod Rerende (11) Customs (11) Excise (v) State Railway (T) Irrigation --Gng Conil (1) Irrigation -Tube Wells (111) Palana Culisery (vin) Administration of Justice (IT) Police (*) Elec and Mecla Thapartment (1) Tater Works ۱۱۱) تن "11,000 177,303 20111001 Total (b) Total berelupimot l'rugrauitue Lupenditure Islal Darburetent 1 2.1 777 S Less Chargerlile t Funds Velt Total Exqetulitura (hugeable to lietende ('.ing Dalane GlXD TO1.11. ►

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