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·GOVERNMENT OF BOVIBAY,
GENERAL DEPARTMENT
ARCHÆOLOGY,
PROGRESS REPORT
OF THL
ARCILLOLOGICAL SURVCY OF INDIA, WISTERY GIROLI,
for the year onding 31st March 1908.
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or Is $1

·CFFICII, AGENTS FOR THE SALE OF INDIAN CFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS. Tut England. 21 Aridic. & 13, Maddox Strest, Eond Street, W. London. Coristabie E Co., to, Orange Street. Leicester Square, W. C., London. Erindlere Co.54. Parliament Street, S. W., London. Eenry S. Zing Co., 65, Cornhill. E. C., London. 5. Zing S Son, . & 4. Great Smith Street, Westminster, S. W.. Londori. Iscas Faui. Tranch, Tribner & Co., 43, Cerrard Street, Soho, W., London. E. Guerich. 1:. Grafton Street. Vers Eond Street. W., London I. Fisher Ciwin. 1, Adelphi Terrace. London, W. C. M. Thecizre Co... Cread Lane, London, E. C. Lazac Co., 46. Great Russel Street, London. W. C. 3. E. Elacizreil. 30 & 31. Eroad Street, Oxford. Jeigitcn Eel & Co., Cambridge. Co the Continent. Friedlander & Sons, 11. Caristrasse. Eerlin. Euccif Eaupt. ! L'amienstrasse, Leipzig (Germany). Otto Eerrassowitz. Leipzig. a W. Eersamaan. Leipzig, nes Isrou. 28. Rue Eonaparte. Faris. Martinus Nojic, Tite Eague. Laz India. Eigginbotja & Co., Madras. Taivaneether La Co.. Jadras. 2.3. Fana Iyer Co., Vadras. I'llacicar. Soinic & Co., Calcutta. W. Nevan Co., Calcutia. S. 5. Lahir & Co.. Calcutt Le Cambray Co., Calculia Ihacizar e Co. (Ls.), Eomt, 4. J. Cambridge & Co., Ltd Sugerittandent Governme D. E. Tarzdarsvela. S< Suncer Fancurang, Eat Gopal Narayen Can, V, E. Matur, N. 6. E

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·REPAIRS TO THE SAS BHAU TEMPLE AT GWALIOR.
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·GOVERNMENT OF BOMBAY.
GENERAL DEPARTMENT,
ARCHÆOLOGY.
PROGRESS REPORT
OF THB
ARCHÆOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA, WESTERN CIROLE,
For tho Foar ondiąg 31st March 1008.

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·CONTENTS. PART I. TAGE 2 1 Office Routine Pertonnel Work at Head quarters lue Year's work-- Superintendent's tour Superintendent's diary 1 THIS + ... 9 11 12 13 13 13 0. 13 13 3. ... 13 . .. ... 144 14 ... Inscriptions copied during 1907 1909 List of Drawings made during 1907-1908 Conservation Bombar- Works carried ont during 1907-1903 Works proposed for 1905-1909 Bijapur Conservation Notes Estimates Sciab Eradicator Bombay Native States Rewa Kantha, Mali Kantba, Palanpur, Cutch Sisanträdi Kathiwár Central India Dhår-Blanda Rájpatana Sirobi-Abu Jalealmer-Ratancar Bihåner-Hanamiagarh Kotah-Kotah Jhalawar-Chandravati Mewar-Chitor Ilyderabad-(Deccan — Gulburgah I'rotected Monuments Excavation Orginal Exploration pigraphy Numismatics 'I reasoro 'l rove Alusenus Bombay Poona Buja par Najkot Bhavanagar Indore Sanchi Ajmer Compilation of Lists l'ublications 14 20) 1 21 ::::::: :::: ::::::::::::::: . 24 27 27 Programme of tour for 1908-1909 Superintendent's toor Assistant Superintendent's tour 3766-6 ...

·ii CONTENTS. PART II. P.IGX 28 29 +. ... ... .. t. 450 30 30 31 32 ... Staivios new york Slono workors Bi Bijapur Excavation Nisik l'arjapur Sivanori lort Konnur dolinong Rijputāna (Assistant Superintendent's tonr)- Jodlipur Sinto- Nnllani Sánchor Bhinmal lombaram Broachi Kärrun (Baroda) Jodhpur Suntem 3.4 34 36 ... ... 41 ... 41 4* ... ... 43 47 47 47 48 50 50 50 51 52 53 ... . Jodhpur Mancor Adibala, Godsad Wani Bclar Rhacund Brda Bhütund Hathandi Seradi Badra Bali Sidndi Rippur Ghancriv List of Public Libraries, etc., to which the Reports of the Archiæological Survey are supplica . ... . 54 55 57 59- 60 ·GOVERNMENT OF BOMBAY. GEVERAL DEPANTVET ARCHÆOLOGY. PROGRESS REPORT OF TILE AROULOLOGICAL SURVEY OR INDII, WESTCRN OIRCLE, FOR THE YEAR ENDING 31ST MARCH 1909. PART I 1-OFFICE ROUTINE During the year under review the only items of any importance affecting the personnel of the office were my absence on three Personel months' privilege leave during the months of June, July and August, when Mr. D. R Bhandarbar held charge of the office, and the extension of his services under Government Resolution No 2131 of the oth April 1907 for another four years from June 1907. Mr Bhundarhar was absent on two months' privilege leave from the 14th October to the 13th December. Our head draftsman, Mr S. J Pacheco, has been forced, through pro longed infirmity, to apply for pension on medical certificate, and the next oldest draftsman on the establishment will retire this year. A new draftsinan and typist clerk have been taken on. My head clerk, Mr Narayan Mabadeva receives a well-deserved risa of salary from the beginning of the official year. 2. In October I was obliged to move my office and museum from the bungalow at the Sangam to No. 8, Elphinstone Road, where I live better accounmodation without increase of rent. The former bungalow began to fall about our ears, and the landlord would not do the necessary repairs We shall be right glad to get into the permanent quarters to be provided for us in the block of new Government offices shortly to be built, where we shall not be at the whim and mercy of landlords Moving fragile museum articles is not conducive to their proper preservation 3. During the monsoon recess our hands were as full as ever with the usual office worh, which every year becomes a little Work at Head quarters heavier. One of the first things to take in hand, on our return from the field in May, was the preparation of material for the Annual Progress Report, which is not mere clerical work. The results of the past touring season's research bad to be studied and collocated Inscription impres. sions had to be examined and listed, and our accumulation of exposed photo grapluc plates to be developed and printed. 4 With the beginning of the official year estimates begin to come in for conservation works to be carried out during the year, and for a great deal more beside, which we see no immediate prospect of putting into execution Articles liave to be written for the Survey Annual, which is edited by the Director Goneral. The muscum requires some attention-the cataloguing of the collection of coins, labelling of objects, and the making of rasts of coins and inscription slabs. There is also the deciphering and labelling of coins $ 760-1 ·.2 received for examination from Central India and other sources, which is often slow work. This is in addition to the usual office correspondence, which grows steadily from year to year. II.-THE YEAR'S WORK. 5, The official year being that settled for our Progress Report, the tail end of a touring season's work is always being left over Superintendent's Tour. for the following report. Thus, in my last year's report, I was not able to mention my visit to Somanăth-Pattan, which I had arranged for in my programme, published in the previous report, since it was made after the 31st of March. Abmedābād was visited in connection with the con- · servation work which is going on there, and with a view to drawing up 'notes for more. At Abū the repairs to the famous Dilwārā temples continue satisfactorily. At Surat I was able to examine the great board of Nahapana’s coins, sent to the Reverend Mr. Scott for decipherment, and to help himn with their illustration in the Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 6. It will be seen from the following diary of my tours that I did not reach Sind as proposed in my programme for the year, entered in my last year's Progress Report. As Government, in their Resolution No. 6625 of the 7th November last, paragraph 4, laid stress upon the desirability of taking up some excavation work in the Presidency proper, I determined, after an interview with the Secretary in the General Department, to omit Sind again this year in favour of work nearer home. I therefore exploited Nāśik, Salsette and Junnar. In the end of October the Director-General intimated his intention of visiting the Ajanțā and Elūrā Caves, and was desirous that I should accompany him. We, therefore, assembled, with Dr. Konow, our Epigraphist, and Professor Macdonell of Oxford, at Jalgaon, then Mr. Marshall was suddenly called away to attend His Excellency the Viceroy in his visit to the Elūrā Caves. We were to have met again in Poona, but this Mr. Marshall was prevented from doing. 7. An estimate for repairs to the old fort and buildings at Rāņpur took us to that place, but it was found that the ruins were hardly worth spending money on. Khed-Brahma was visited in order to examine the old temple of Brahmā at that place, one of the very rare shrines to that deity. I have forwarded an illustrated article upon it to the Annual. Kapadvanj and Sarnal contain Muharnmadan and Hindu monuments respectively, regarding the conservation and repairs to which I had been in correspondence with the Collector of Kairã. ANāsik and Parjāpur in Salsette I carried out, as already stated, certain excavation which is noticed in Part II of this Report. A trip was made to Gwalior to advise the State Superintending Engineer regarding the repairs being carried on at the old buildings in the fort. A photograph of one of these the Sās Bàhu-is given in Part II. Though not shewn in the diary below, Bijapur, where important work is progressing, was not overlooked, my А visit to that place having been made after the close of the official year. visit was made to Bassein Fort, in order to revise, on the spot, the Executive Engineer's estimate for repairs to the old Portuguese ruined churches, Superintendent's Diary, . 1907. April 1st to 9th . (At Head-quarters, Poona.) 10th Left Poona for Ahmedābād. 11th to 21st . At Ahmedabãd. 22nd Left Ahmedabad for Somanäth-Pattan. 24th & 25th, At Somanăth-Pattan. 26th ... Left Somanāth-Pattan for Mount Abū. 28th At Mount Abü. 29th Left Mount Abū for Surat. May 1st Left Surat for Poona. 2nd to 31st... (At Head-quarters, Poona.) June 1st to August 31st. On three months' privilege leave to Europe. September 1st to October 31st (At Head-qnarters, Poona.) November lat Left Poona for Jalgåon, ...

·3 + . ... November 3rd Left Jalgaon for the Ajapțā Caves. 5th Returned to Jalgaon. 6th Left Jalgaon for Poona 7th to 24th ... (At Head-quarters, Poona.) 25th ** Left Poona for Abū Road. 27th ... At Mopot Abu. 28th Left Abū Road for Ahmedabad. 29th to Dec ember 2nd, At Ahmedabad, December 3rd & 4th Visited Rånpur and returned to Ahmedabad. 5th Started for idar Road. 7th ... Arrived at Khed-Brahma. 8th & 9th ... Halted at Khed-Brahma. 10th to 11th. Retarned to Ahmedabad. 13th ... Left Ahmedabad for Däkor.. 14th & 15th. Halt at Dakor. 16th Proceeded to Kapadvadj. 18th ... Returned to Dakor and continaed journey to Thåstă. 19th to 21st Halt at Tbaară for Sarnsl. 22nd to 23rd. Returned to Head-quarters, Poona. 21th to Jan. tary 14th, 1908 . (At Ilead-quarters, "Poona) 1908, January 15th ... Left Poopa for Nasık. 17th to 20th, Halt at Naśık. 21st & 22nd. Went from Naśk to Bombay to attend meeting of Priace of Wales Museum committee. 23rd Halt at Nask. 23rd Left Nasık for Gwälor. 25th ... At Gwalior. 27th ... Returned to Nalik, 28th to 21st February... Halt at Nāsık. February...22nd ... Returued to Head-quarters. 23rd to March 2nd (41 Head-quarters, Poona.) March 3rd Left Poopa for Kurla and Parjápur, 4th to 29th... Halt at Parjăpur. 30th ... Went to Bassein and back. Sist ... At Parjápur. 8. Mr. Bhåndārkar's touring during the last season was confined to Assistant Superintendent's Rájputánā, whence he has brought away much freak tour. material for the Lists of that Province. We knew that there was much hidden away in the various States, but had no idea that tliere was so much as is now coming to light. The prosecution of the preliminary survey of the province is thus slower work than we anticipated. I. Part II will be found his notes upon the places visited, ... . 10. May Assistant Superintendent's Diary. 1007, April 1st to 4th ... At Clohtan. 6th to 9th ... Journey from Chobtan to Sánchor, 10th to 15th Halt at Sanchor. 16th *.. Left Sinchor for Bhinmål. 18th to 26th ... At Bhinmal. 2nd Returned to Poona. 3rd to October 19th (At Dead-quarters.) October 24th to Docetaber 13th ... On privilege leare for two months. December 14th to Jangary 6th, 1908 (41 Ulead-quarters ) 1908. January Oth ... Left Poopa.for Broach. 8th to 10th llalt at Broach, 11th Started for Kárván. 12th to 17th .. At Kärrår. 19 st ·4 ... ary 7th January 19th ... Reacliod Pils. 20th to 25th Halt at Pāli. 28th Visited Mondor. 29th Started for Nina. 3001 to Tobru- ... At Nāņā. I'rom here Bladund and Belar were also visited. F'obruary Sth Loft for Beda. 9th to 13th ... At Bedā. Visited also Junā Bedã and Dudni from here. 14th Arrived nt Bijapur. 15th to 19th IIalt at Bijapur. Inspected the ancient remains also at Hathundi and Bhātuņd from here. 20th Renched Soradi. 21t to 24th Inlt at Serīdi. From liero work at Badrã was also done. 25th Starica for Balí, 20th to 29th At Bāli. Barcle 1 st Left Bāli for Kbuďālā. Oth ... Reached Sadadi. 7th to 1312 ... Ilalt at Sarladı. 14th Arrival at Rāņpur. 15th to 23rd ...,At Rampur. 21-011 Reached Ghaņeriv. 25th to 27th llalt at Ghāneras. 28th Loft for Desarī. 29th to 30th ... At Desurī. 31st Started for Kumalgarhı. Photographs taken during 1907-1908. Sorint Number. Locality: Title of l'hotograph. Size of Negative. ... .. .. do. ... Suo 3906 Karvan (Baroda General view of temple of Naklesvar from south 81 x 63 State). 2907 Do. Do. do. do. south-rest. 2008 Do. Looso sculptures in componnd of snme 64241 2909 Do. General viow of templo of Sindhval Mátă from northcast 81 x 6! 2010 Do. Loose images under a treo near same 63x43 2911 Do. Vicw of talūv from cast S1 X 6! 2919 Do, Loose figure under a tree on talav 65 x 43 2913 Do. Jamb of doorway near Pañcheśvara, east side 84 x 6.1 2914 Do, Do. do. west side 2915 Do. Pilaster acar same with inscription on it 61 x 47 2916 Do. General view of temple of Vriddhesrara from soath ... 81 x64 2017 Do. Image of Lakulisa from Räjarăjeśvara 67x41 · 2919 Pāli (Jodhpur Geueral view of temple of Pātāleśvara from north- State). Test 83 x 61 2019 Do. Small shrine nicar Pātāleśvara from front 2920 Do. General view of temple of Somatātha from south-east.. 2921 Do. Wall mouldings of sabhamandana of same G4x4 2922 Do. Chiatri to north of same temple 2923 Do. Interior of Anandkaranji 81X61 2924 Du. Temple of Naulakbă from back 2925 Mandor General view of Krishna sculptures at 2926 Do. Excavated portion of one of above sculptures 61 x 43 2927 Nani General viow of temple of Lakshminārāyaņa 8}x61 2928 Do. View of Juina temple from inside 2923 Do. Interior of same 29 30 Do. Closed doorway at back of same 2931 Nanılīśvara-držpa in gūdhamandapa of same 61 X 48 2932 41 x 34 Do. Carved step stone fixed in wall near Jaina temple 2933 Do. Small temple from group of temples to south-east of village 61x41 2934 Saira temple in same group from north-rvest 2935 Do. Another temple in same group from south-east 2036 Do. l'igure of Nandī from temple of Nīlakantha-Mahādeva 44 x 33 2937 | Belar 84 x 61 General view of a group of temples at 2938 Do. Central temple of Nīlakantha-Mabādova froni south- Ivest . 63% 41 2939 Do. Wall mouldings of same from south > ... ... ... ... ". Do. .. > Do. .. ... ...

·5 terial Tombe Local y T tle of Photograph ze of Negative 2940 Pelar 2341 Do 2019 Beda Sabsidiary shrine behind same Loose image of Lakolisa Very of temple of Parsyanātha from Jana Bedá from south west 61 x 42 41 ~31 Another memonal stone from do General view of temple on talav from north west Vew of samo from west Another from east General view of another temple in village Shrine door of samo Ceil ng in sabha nendapa of same Vo v of temple of Malavira from front 8} x 41 47 x31 61x41 8 x64 47 x3 8ļx6} 67 x 41 41 31 84XO! 64X47 81X61 04 x 4 2913 Do 234+ Do 2945 Dadhu 2945 Do 2917 Do 918 Bhåt ņ 1 2949 Do 2950 Do 29.1 po 2952 Do 2953 Do 2954 Hathandi 2955 Do 2926 Do 2937 Do 2958 Do 29.3 Sevad 2960 Do 2371 Do 2962 110 2963 Do 2961 Do 2965 Do 2968 Do 2967 Po 2968 Badia 2969 DO 8} x64 61 43 General vew of Saiva tomple from south east Entrance doorway of temple of Vahavira General view of temple of Mabayira from south east Do do from back Wall mould ngs of same from south Do do from porth Do do another from north Image of Sarasvati in front corridor 81 x 61 G*X47 81 x64 41 x 37 61 x 44 41*37 2973 . 2970 Såda li 2971 Do 2972 Do Do 2974 Do 2970 Do 296 Do 2977 Do 2978 Do 29 9 Do same temple General v ew of the temple of Varába from north east six 61 View of ma a temple from east Image of Vishnu on weat wall of same temple 47x37 Small shr ne from east 64 x 44 View of Ja na temple from north east 81 x64 Chatrı bebind kachers from south 61 48 View of temple of Jågeśvara 85*84 Pillars from manda pa of same Ce log from same G41 General view of temple of hapurling-Mahadera from south-engt 8} x 61 61*41 81*6} G} X4 8 x64 DOSO Do 2981 Ranpar 2989 U 2983 D 2981 Do 2985 Do 2986 Do 2987 Do 2988 Do 2989 Do 2090 Do 2931 Do 2992 Do 2993 Da 2094 Do 2995 Do 2936 Ghinerie 2937 Do 933 Do 2900 Do 3000 D) 3001 humalgaria Image of Parsvavatha in sınctam General Tow of Chaumukh temple from south east Do do from south west Interior of sabhamandapa of bane Do do from bother point Sameta śikhara sculpturo 8\x6 61x41 View of temple of I akshmoåtha from south east Generl riew of temple of Maharira from south west Do do from north-east 4+*31 81x51 6x41 81x6 G141 81X61 from east Gi* 41 Do do 3002 Do B 706-2 ·6 . Sorint Number. Locality. Titlo of Pliotograph, fire of Negative. ... ... Do. ... Do. 1o. ... ... ... . 3017 .. . ... .. . Do. ... ... 3003 Kumulgarh Vicw of Jaina templo to north of Nilakantha-Mahā. down froin sontli 81 x 61 3001 Do. Shrino door of samo 41x31 3005 Do. Jnina temple to oast of Nilakaņķua-Mabādeva from south-Icst 3005 Another Jainn templo to south-cost of Nīlakaộtha Mnladova from south-east 3007 No. General view of Bavan-dovala in from north-west 81x6! 300S Do. Interior of saino 3009 Boso mouldings of Golcrā tom plo 41x33 3010 Governl vicw of Mamidova temple from north-west 8,6) 3011 Do. ... l'igures in rerandah of templo of Mamīdeva 3012 Do. General view of Pitalia-Deva froin south ... 301: Do. Interior of same 6184 3011 10. General viour of rculi froin west 81x03 3015 Do. Do. do. froin cast 6 X 48 3016 Do. Innunin Pol froin cast Do. Viow of fort from south-west 3018 Do. dlomorial stone from chhatri of Prithvīrāja 4.* 31 :301. Some yarn View of kunda belind templo of Someśvara 61 x 41 3020 Desuri General view of old templo to north-east of fort from north 8.1 x64 3021 Do. View of fort from east 6143 3022 Nadlas Goneral view of Inpessara from east 3023 Do. Interior of samo 85 x 6} 3024 Do. Temple of Chaturbhuja froin front S025 Do. General viow of templo of Adiśvara from cast 3020 Do. Do. do. from inside 61x41 30:27 Do, Iuterior of same 3028 Fort of Sonagaras from south 44331 3029 Nado] General view of teinplo of Somessara from west 84x61 3030 Do. Wall mouldings of samo from south 3031 Jo. Interior of salmo 3032 Do. General view of temple of Lakshminatla from southcast 3023 Do Templo of Nilakantha-Mabādov: from south-east 30:- Do. Interior of same 3035 Do. General vion of the temple of Padmaprabhu from north-east 3036 Do. Wall mouldings of same from east 3037 Do. Toraņa froin temple of Hanuman , i 3035 Do. Door jambs inside sanie 64x43 3089 Kled-Brabma Templo of Brahmă from south-east 3040 Do. Do. do. interior 30+1 Do. Do. do. north wall 3042 Do. Do. do. north end of west wall 3043 Do. Do. do. micho with Bralmā in west wall 3044 Do. Do. do. portion of south wall 3045 Do. Do. do, central portion of south wall 01h Do. Do. do. east end of south vall 3047 Do. Do. do. basement at south-west corner Do, 3048 Do. do. do mouldings 3019 Do. Ruined temple in village, sculpture on walls Do. 3050 do. Do. do. 3051 Do. Do. do, do. 3052 Kapadvanj Kirtistambha from west 3053 Do, Do. from south-vest... 5054 Do. Jami' Masjid 3055 Do. Do. south corridor 3056 Do. Do. image dug up in courtyard 3057 Sarnal Temple of Galteśvara Do. Do. walls and pillars 3059 Do. Do. pillars of maņdapa 3060 Do. Do. pillars in the mandapa 3061 Do. Do, shrine walls 3062 Do. Do. shrine door ... ... ... ... 23 ... ... >> ... ... 1 ... > .. ::::::::::::: . ... ... .. ... II. ) 3058 . ...

·7 Serul Number Locality. Title ol Photograph. Eize of legatire. 61 44 . 1> ut " su ... ... ::::::::::::::: 3 1) 11 ... Temple ceiling Cape No III Cave No. IX Bbewjag notice board Cave Nox dos do. Cave No. XVIII, doorway Images onder trec Old pillar Interior of the dagolá care Do sbewiog dugoba Sculptore in dagoba care Do. do Caves at south end Do Pillar in north-west group Сате A fallen dågoba Caves, Bhimaßanlar group Do. do pillars in Cave II Do. rough image in Cavo II Do Do do. Charlya Cave": Do. Bhuthng group Sivaneri Hill and Fort > 11 ང རང ང ང ཉཔ . do. . .. Do. . 3082 Ambiha group " 3063 Surnal 806+ Nasik 3065 Do. 3060 Do. 3067 Do. SUC8 Govardhan 3069 Do. 3070 Kondiste 3077 Do. 3072 Do. 3073 Do. 3074 Do 3075 Do. 8076 Do. 3077 Do. 3078 Do 3079 Jannar 3080 3081 Do Do. 30R3 3084 Do. 8085 Do. 3086 Do 3087 Do. 3088 Do. 3089 Do. 3090 Do. 3091 Do. 3092 Do 3093 Do, 3034 Do. 3095 Do 3095 Do. 3097 3038 Do. 3029 Do. 3100 3101 Do 3102 Do. 3103 Do. 3104 Do. 3108 Do Do. . ... 07 1' do. do. 33 13 3 ::::::::::: ... . ) 31 Do. Do' the chattya cave .. Do. sculpture Do do do Do Ganesa-lena group, Cave VI Do do interior Do do pillars inside Do. do shewing tool marks Do do do Cave VII Afiz Bagb, window in front Do window at back Do. tomb near Afiz Bagh Do do do doorway Tomb wth pyramıdal roof Gateway on Sıvanerı Fort Do do sculptured papel on Casts of Bahåmani coins Do. do . 39 17 . . .. . 1 Inscriptions copied during 1907-1908. Eenal Numbur Place. Position of Inscription 2310 Ifann Danfocenr B Pathol PA of the ... . Copper plate found on river bank Do of Nazivalok a fopad at Llagsot On pilaster Deor terople of Paíshespart. .61 2311 2342 Broach 2313 Do. 234 Do 235) Karvan 16 Palt 2317 Näņi 2318 Do, 2919 Do. 2350 Do 2351 | Bhadand On north door jimb of sime. On berms of sallamanda pa of Vabasirs temple. Stone built in wall of well ·S Smis! Nonbas. Piece Position of Inscription Do. 1.. 2352 Belár Oo pillar in cabhūmondana of templo ol Adinatha. 2353 Do. Do. do. do. de. one lor. 2354 Bbåtund Do. of old temple in sillage. 2355 Hátlundi Do. in gidhamandapi of temple of Vahirim. 2356 Do. ... On porch pillar of same. 2357 Do. On another porch pillar of same. 2358 Do. On porch pilaster of same. 2959 Do. On niche in south corridor, 2360 Serādi ...On lintol of cell No. 3 in cast corridor of Mabirim tenople. 2361 Do. Do. No. 12 in south corridor do. 2362 Do. Do. No. 1S do. do. do. 2363 Do. Do. No. 26 in west do. do. 2364 Do. On pilaster of cell No. 26 do. do. do 2365 Do. On lintel of cell No. 28 do. do. do. 2366 Do. Do. No. 29 in north corridor west side cell cf same temple. 2367 Do. On beam of cell No. 40 in north corridor west side coll of some temple. 2365 Do. On pilaster to east of cell No. 4.1 in north corridor west side ceil of samo temple. 2369 On beam of coll No. 45 east corridor of samo temple. 2370 Do. Below figure on south-west wall of sabhinandapa of same teinple. 2371 Do. On stone nonr alpãsari do. do. 2372 Do. Do. in the house of Gursa-Pșithriraj. 2373 Do. ... On chhatri of Munja-Bāļiā. 2374 Boivă On pillars of Jaina tomple, ono lot. 2375 | Bali On a beam of mandana of Bola Mati's temple. 2376 | Do. On another beam do. do. 2377 Do. On 3rd beam do. do. 2378 Do. On 4th beam do. do 2379 Do. On 5th beam do. do. 2380 Do. Ou 6th beam do. do. 2981 Lalrai On pillar in mandapa of old templo. 2382 Do. On another pillar do. 2383 Sadadi On beam in mandapa of Kapurlinga-Jnlıādeva. 2384 1o. On nuotlier side of snunc benm in do. 2385 Do. (u inomorial store near lārāchand's chhatri. 2386 Do, Belnt figures in Tárāchand's chhatri. 2387 Do. On a broken pillar lying near laricri. 2358 Ilo. On north pillar in tomple of Jagesvan. 2389 Do. Auother on same pillar. 2390 Do. On cast pillar iv templo of Jagesvara. 2391 Ranpur On stono near main shrino west side of Chanmuf! Iciples 2302 ]). On beam of Srd storcy of samo temple. 2393 Du. On pillar in cast salamandupa of do. do. 2394 Do. On Parsvanatha sculpture in 2395 Ghanerar On beam in corridor of icinple of Jalurirs. 2396 Somegram ...On inemorial stone. 2397 Kumalgarh ... On wall of temple of Nilaknatha-Haladera. 2398 Nadlii Adikvara temple, on pillor in qüdharandin. 2393 Do. Do. on north bean of sibkirannapi 2400 Do. Do. do. on south bean of 2401 No. Do. on door jamnb of codlarinda. 2402 Du. Do. ou south ssull of sliring of -:1111e', 2103 Do. Do. on rest wall of -lirit of nr. 2101 Do. Nominatha templo on hill, on pillar, 2103 In. Do. din. on another pillor. 2:00 Václol On pilaster of Siraj l'olgate. 2107 Do, Nilakantha-Jolidorn temple, in bark niches, 210S lo. ... Tomple of Soucásans, on pillar in :bliomeerit!0; :, 400 Io. on another pillar. 2010 Dw Do. on 3rd pillar. 2411 Kled. Probmn ... Stnnc burial in ground rinstili in frunt of Print' í burçin llo. ... On youth wall (016-ido) Cri!!! So Onvili stropp ?!!?r Bruslim temp!.. 1). On pareja! ni listy (tonpis vitiilo!!."- *fis. fif tis. qua 2115 ... Uninst 012 rrjeht fiatal sitio ne enfree! ... ... ... .. 2:13 1 ·9 Serial Number Place. Poatsoa of Inscription + 2416 Khed-Brahms 2417 Do, 2418 Do. 2419 Kapadvanj 2420 Jannar 2421 Do. 2432 Do. 9423 Parjapur Da parapet close to entrance of same temple. On pilaster near shrine door of same temple. ... Masons' names on outside walls of Brahmá tempie. Do. on walls of a funda in bazár, On hintal of antronen door of the List of Drawings made during 1907-1908. Serial Aumber. Place. Title of Drawing Plan of Brahma temple. JE 1335 Khed-Brahma 1336 Marol 1337 Do. 1338 Ranpur III.-CONSERVATION. BOMBAY. 3. The following is a statement of conservation works carried out in the Bombay Presidency during the financial year 1907- Work carried out. 1908. It is compiled from the annual lists sent in by the Examiner, Public Works Accounts, Bombay, and the lists forwarded by the Superintending Engineers of the divisions, Northern Division. Rs. Born P 1 do. Do. 1,953 14 77 39 11 00 422 8 7 8997 209 .. . 3 8 0 24 12 0 99 14 0 4 8 0 er .00 1,0010 0 34 90 Presidency- Bombay, maintenance and repaira to caves and piers, Elephanta Do. repairs to Custodian's quarters do. Assistant Castodian's quarters do Do do, blocks, piers, etc. do. Do. do police chauki and watchman's quarters do. Thănă District Lopad, repairs to old tomple Ambarnăth, repairs to the temple of Ambarnāth Bassein, repairs to the fort and Portuguese remains Thãņā, repairs to graves of two chiefs of Salsette in the Laglish church Broach District Broach, special repairs to Jani masjid Do. carrent repairs to Datch tombs Surat Distnet- *Sarat, current repairs to Datch and Armenian tombs Kaira and Panch Mabals Districts Chatapāner, caretaker for the Jåmi' mosque Do. current repairs to do. Sojalı-current repairs to Mabirak Sayyid's ranza Ahmedabad District Ahmedabid, watchmen for old buildings Do, repairs to Mahafiz Khan's mosque Do. clearing vegetation from do, Do. repairs to tombs of tho Queens of Ahmed Sbab Do. do. Photi masjid Do. do. Acbfat Baba's masjid and tomb Do. do Ahmed Shah's mosquo in Bhadar . 8 6 7 ... 71 11 10 29 11 0 156 3 3 .. . . .. ... 156 3 3 148 12 6 4 15 (1 748 14 119 119 19 11 3 9 100 . . Omitted from the Eumont's List 3706-3 ·10 Rs. , P. ... 9 15 0 9 14 0 Almodibil District-continued. Ahmedabil, clearing vegetation from Didi lInrir's inosque and tomi, 10. do. Riņi Sipri's mosque Dholki, repnir: to the pavilion on the south and north sides of the Klin 171:14jich Do. to Pinlot Klan Ka's mosqu10 Do, adlimi 10. jid Sarlilj, repairs to Barroso 1. ..pocinl repair to hire and place ... ... 10 ] 0 99 5 3 99 1 10 1 0 3,121 0 2 ... Central Division. Herons llineriri- Kirli, ordinary nepuira to the cate: 057 12 5 99 12 7 811 03 7 315 6 8 201 13 4 Red d.. do. kepta!, curreait repairs to maintenantys Logil, Viipur, onlinary repair: i, forte bigmirli, .Ihmemur, Dintriri lleneungar, current ropir: tw Nunri mano Plins tlo. Inkini-Nariyann temple Vilis District Nilik, curral rogies in Pindu Troi care Simunt, requirit Arlenria complo Yool, ruphire to the Ankiintei 1..: Kinderli Diatrici Laniol, rrpsire to l'andrili 25 10 11 13 0 ... ... ... 131 0 0 27 144 1 119 13 3 ... 1996 6 ... ... ... 71 ... ... ... Soutlicrn Division. ilmum Distric- D) 10:, *px"cial rejeirs to kngudi temple 1,462 10 4 Krmor, ordinary repris to Top of dolmens 100 5 7 Burun, rrir; to oli Juin tople in for: 330 33 9 lo. outside Caminivurit stonyard in fort 911 10 Do. tu Jain fonpleinwide the Commissarint storeyard 507 26 Du. cio. toolu llindu temple to the north-east of the barracks in fort 8 3 Ibarrar District Dambirl, ordinary repairs to Doua Basappa temple 59 15 1 Lokkundi clo. to Nannestara temple 50 0 0 Do. do. to Kintrisc sara toplo 47 0 0 Bankapur do. in Nogareiran temple 16 0 0 llangal do. to Tirakessora templo 17 15 0 linvori lin. to Siddlessing templo 25 14 0 Chauladimpur do. to Vuktusvora temple 15 0 Unkni do. to fonr-porched templo 25 0 0 13sjäpar District Bijapur, restoration of the Ibrahim run 4,105 12 3 Do. do. of Gol Gumbar 1,577 66 Ds. constructing n trophy 2,293 S S Do. preparing glass frames for prescrring old carpets in the Asir Vinhal 1,625 0 0 Do. providing lightning conductor for the mosque in the Ibrübim ri11122 531 6 0 Do. repairs to old Numundan baildings 3,085 14 10 Do. special ropairs to Jal Mandir 610 9 0 Būdami, caretaker for the cares 72 0 0 Koliba District Raigad, ropairs to the samüdhi of Siriji 51 70 Reradanda, conserving ruins of buildings in the Portuguese fort 879 8 3 känoră District 550 0 0 Sonda, providing a shed orer tlo stone throne Ratnagiri District Dabhol, special repairs to mosquo ... 708 6 3 Sitară District 98 14 6 Karád, maintaining a watchman for 54 Buddhist caves • Onnitted in the Superintending Engineer's list. ... ... ... .

·11 Rs a P Indus Left Bank Division. Hyderabad District Hyderabad, caretaker for Gholam Shah Kalhora's tomb Do repairs to Nur Mohammad's tomb 84 00 1 12 0 Indus Right Bank Division. Karachi Canals District Karachi, ordinary repairs to Napier obelisk, Detention Camp, Kiamarı* Taţtă, caretaker for tombs on Miaklı hills Dabb, repairs to monuments* Mladi do * Khudabad, repairs to Jami' masjid Do do. Yar Muhammad's tomb Archaeological Excavation Lxcavation work at Nasık and Parjapur near Marol in Thană District 20 10 6 109 7 3 4 11 59 14 3 63 0 29 12 0 . 271 60 Total • 29,811 5 2 Do ... 150 . 10 10. The list of works it is proposed to take in hand during the year Works proposed 1908-1909 is as follows They are listed in order of urgency (From Provincial Repenues) Northern Division- Rs. Presidency Gharapuri, ordinary repairs etc to Elephanta Caves 2,200 do to Custodian's quarters 100 Do do to Assistant's do 20 Ahmedabåd - Ahmedabad, maintaining caretakers for the Archäological buildings Kaira and Panch Mahals- Champåper, watchman's pay 100 Central Division Poona- Kärlı, ordinary repairs to caves and Custodian's pay 550 Nasık Näsik, ordinary repairs to caves and caretaker's pay 134 Indus Right Bank Division Karachi Canals- Tattă, caretaker's pay for tombs on Makh hills 120 Indus Left Bank Division- Central Hyderabad Canals- Hyderabad, caretaker's pay for Ghulam Shab's tomb 8! Do do Nabilhån's tomb 40 Southern Division- Bijapur- Radimi, caretaker's pay for the caves 72 Bujápar, pay of Carator of Museum Do. current repairs to the Nagarkhana (Mose2m) 250 Do. constructing trophy stand of guns 1,000 Belgaum- Degām, special repairs to old temple 1,150 Dharwar- Gedag, special repairs to temple of Somebrama 300 Do. do. to Sarasvati's temple 1,400 Northern Division Kaira and Panch Mabals-- 1,150 . 1645 1,685 Do do to eastern gateway 370 . Omitted la the Superinteading Esgraeers la 120 + ·12 Rs. ..t 70 100 100 ) 200 . 100 150 ... Central Division- Poona Junnar, ordinary repairs to the caves Bhājā do. do. Bedsã do. do. Khandesh Pātaņ, repairs to Maheśvara's templo Poona Singarh Fort, ordinary repairs Junnar, ordinary repairs to Sivaneri fort Northern Division Ahmedabad- Ahmedābād, lump sum for repair works at Ahmedābād and Baswa Southern Division- Bijāpur- Bijapur, current repairs to old buildings Central Division Kbāndesh Thālner, special repairs to the tombs Southern Division- Bijāpur- Bijāpur, special repairs to the Jal Mandir 3,500 .. 1,000 • 750 .. 1,390 Total 20,000 In addition to the above an allotment of Rs. 1,200 is sanctioned from Provincial Revenues for special repairs to Jāmi' masjid at Broach 1,200 Total 21,200, (From Imperial Revenues.) ... 4,703 ... Northern Division- Presidency- Ghārāpurī, special repairs to the Elephanta Caves Southern Division- Bijāpur- Bijāpur, glass frames for museum Do. restoring the cornices of Gol Gumbaz, south side General excavation ... 1,740 2,900 2,000 Total From Provincial Revenues 11,343 21,200 Grand Total. 32,543 11. The restoration of the great cornice of the Gol Gumbaz on the south side, at Bijāpur, which has been in hand for some Bijapur. years now, is not yet finished, but it is hoped that it will be completed this year. I have recommended that, when it is finished, the work be stopped, and the other remaining three cornices be left as they are, or only very urgent slight repairs be done. The south cornice has made a big hole, each year, in our grant, and other work, elsewhere in the Presidency, is in need of funds. 12. The Jod Gumbaz, one of the finest buildings in Bijāpur and in exquisite proportion, which had for many years been used as the Executive Engineer's residence and office, was to have been restored during the year to ts original condition, but, unfortunately, that work has been postponed owing to the Judge taking up his quarters there, not being satisfied with the bungalow constructed for him. It was understood to be a temporary occupation, and I trust Government will not allow it to be used as a residence longer than is absolutely necessary.

·13 13 Printed conservation notes upon necessary repairs were prepared and sent in to the Collectors and Executive Engineers Conservation Notes. 1 1 1 11 Estimates Ahmedabad, to the Politic temples at Khajarahā and Somanath-Pattan Copies of these are attached to the Report for the persual of Government Other manuscript notes hare huen sent in from time to time upon lesser works One hundred and sixteen estimates have passed throaşlı my hands for conservation works in the Circle, nearly all of which have been approved and passed on Copies of all these have been made and retained in the office 15. Further reports upon the use of the scrub eradicator, recommended in my Progress Report for the year 1905-1906, ie as Scrub eradicator follotrs --The Executive Engineer, Surnt and Broach sys “ The scrub eradicator composition was tried in thus district. It is effective in removing moss and small shrubs, but it does not remove roots of sull trees, thorns, etc" The Sub divisional Officer, Haveri, prefers the Atlas fluid supplied by Messrs Croft, Modi & Co., Bombay The Executire Engineer, East Khandesh, made expernnents on a small scale with the scrub eradıcator un tree growths and weeds in old masonry with satisfactory results From Poona 1 favourable report comes in, saying that the eradicator had been used on many occasions and has generally been found successful. The Executive Engineer, Thana, says " It seems to have some effect on thin and soft vegetable growth, but none on shrubs" In Kaira it is found to act only on small shrubs aud sinall roots, but its effect is only temporary, and they grow again. It is no use on prickly pear, and on the whole the preparation is not useful. 16 The reports this year, as well as last, are generally not in favour of it* use upon large shrubs and such roots as are generally found in old masonry. The Atlas Huid and other eradicators might be tried and reported upon IV.-BOMBAY. NATIVE STATES. Cutch Savant- 17. The Political Officers in charge of the following Agencies report that Rewa Kantia Mahi Kantha no conservation work has been carried out during Palaopur, the year -Revā Kántha, Malu Kantha, Pılanpur, vadi. Cutch and Suvantvadı 18. In Kathāwār the Political Agents for the Hälar, Gobulwad and Sorath Prants send in blank returns, Kathlawar V.--CENTRAL INDIA, 19. The Political Agent, Bhopawar, sends the following list of works carried out during 1907-1908 at Mándu and Dhår DHAR Mandu. Rs 8 P. B. Alandu- Hindola 3ahal Tower of Victory Hogbang's tomb Dilawar Khan's mosque Jaház Mabál Malik Mnghts' mosque Tarapar Gate Baz Babadur's palace Dry, khảng mosque Hathi Pol Dhar Lat masjid Kamal Biolans mosque 4 0 0 668 1 5 1,335 15 6 14 20 10 201 11 0 500 00 735 65 659 9 11 14 0 11 100 00 ... + :: 40 2 6 40 00 4,4 11 10 6 76 ·14 VI.-.kA 3PUTANA. 20. The work of repairs at the famous Dilwārā temples at Mount Ābü still goes on very slowly. One large new lintel bas SIROHI, Abu. been fixed in position, and another has been prepared and is ready to be put up. Pendant flowers, where missing from the large ceilings, have been replaced and other ininor repairs carried out. Owing to the continued illness and absence of the Manager work was much delayed. Some six to eight masons have been employed daily. One door, after the design sent in by me, bas been received from Ahmedābād, and bas been fixed up in the doorway of cell shrine No. 11 in Vimala Säh's temple. Mr. Baxter, the Executive Engineer, continues to superintend the work, and in him the temple authorities have a very sympathetic and enthusiastic adviser. I visited the temples in April, 1907, and, again, in November last. 21. In the Jaisalmer State the only work carried out was to the old Ratansar tank, which is said to be of historical and JAISALMER, Ratansar. archwological interest. The repairs were done under advice from the Resident, Western Rājputānā States. 22. The work on the Hanumangarh Fort, mentioned in my last Report, has been continued under the sanction of the Mahkmā BIKANER, Hanumangarh. Khās and under the supervision of Thākur Jioraj Singh, oflicer in charge of the fort. Repairs were also carried out, under the same authority, to the Tekri of Rão Bikāji on the south-west side of the city of Bikaner. 23. In Kotáh State repairs were made to the temple of Padamınāthji near the Kishorepura gate of Kotáh city, under instructions KOTAH, Kotan. from the Kotāh Darbār. This is hardly archæological conservation, the temple being of no interest from that point of view. 24. A general clearance around the ruins at Chandrāvatī near Jhālrāpātaḥ in the Jhālāwār State has been made hy road gangs JHALAWAR, Chandravati. under the instructions of the Divan of Jhālāwār. 25. In the Mewār State work has been continued upon the restoration of the fort walls of Chitor. Great sums have been MEWAR, Chitor. expended upon this work of modernizing the walls and gates by His Highness the Mahārāņā. The sum of Rs. 20,000 was spent on the restoration of the Jaina tower upon the hill, which work has been completed. The gratitude of not only archæologists, but all lovers of what is beautiful in art, is due to His Highness for the very liberal and ready manner in which he has responded to the appeal on its behalf. If he could see his way to grant just a trifle more for cleaning up the surroundings of the other fine old ruins on the bill and doing a few necessary repairs, it would be a very great matter. Little has been done to save these buildings since the times of Rānā Mokalji and Rāṇā Kuinbba, both of whom did mucb. VII.-HYDERABAD. DECCAN. 26. The only work reported from this State is that of white-washing and providing Shāhābād stone flooring to the Haft Gulburgalt. Gumbaz in the Gulburgāb District, at a cost of Rs. 427-8-0. VIII.-PROTECTED MONUMENTS. 27. I am sorry to bave to report very little progress under this head. I have recommended monuments from time to time for inclusion in the list of Protected Monuments, but the matter has not gone much further, so far as I know, than the respective Collectors' 'recommendation to Government. This may be due, in great measure, to the uncertainty regarding the proper working and application of the Act. Draft rules for this purpose were drawn up some two years ·13 1 1 ago in the Director General's office at Sunla, and were submitted to the various Governments for their opinion, but I have not heard how much further the matter has progressed ules for the working ut the Act all else wul ber too, are often at a loss to hnow what monument should not be difficult, if our Revised Lists of Antiquarian Remains are taken as a guide, and those inocuments selected which are classed la or lb, cxcepting only those which are in the hands of private individuals or communities, and are being regularly and fully used for any religious purpose for which they were originally erected There will be some, even in the I la and I16 classes, and even in the 111 class, worthy of being protected as long as they last, although they may be in too advanced a state of ruin or decay to bue much or anything done to them in the way of repairs It does not follow that a monument, because it is in the III clas should always be utterly neglected Though a total wrech, or just a heap of liar and beyond 3 of the Act, for the results of fixing up a copy of the notice under section 3 (2) save him froin making any mistake in the matter I am, however, adding below a list of such monuments as I think might be placed upon the list The page and number references relate to those of the Revised List of Antiqntican Remains in the Bombay Presidency, 1897. Central Division Poona District Old European tombs, page 8 (owitting last sentence) Karli Caves page 8 Blaja Caves, page 8 Reda Caves, page 9. Selårsådi Caves, page 9. Lobgrida Fort, page 9, Visapor Fort, page 10 Rajmächi Fort page 10 Junpar Caves, page 14 Jannar, Sıvaneri Fort, page 15 Jurnar, Habshi tomb near A fiz Bagh, page 15 Junuar small pyramidal tomb close to last, page 16 Satara District Satáră Fort, and old walls withiu, page 21 Afzal Klan's tomb at Partábgadh hundal Caves, page 29. Karid Caves, page 30 Abmednagar District Ahmednagar Damri Magjid, page 32 Do Sulabat Khan'a tomb, page 32 Do Faria Bagh palace page 32 Dhoke The Dhobesvara Cave, pige 32. Pedgånn Temple of Lakshmi-Narayana, page 35. Do Temple of Bales'sara pago 35 Bamidi Hemadpanti tank page 39 hokatlan Old temple, page 33 Ratinvidi Temple of Aroſites vara, paze 41 Hurischandragadh Cares and old tetaple, pige 19 Sholapur District- Sh lapur The old fort, page 48 Handharpur Old temple in the town, b910, used as a police chaude Y lipur Old temple and tiragala, or scalptored memonal stoocs by the roadside just outside the village, pago 43 Do Old double shrined temple, on th far side of a tank aca the last, page 43 Nasik District, Nasih Panda Lena Carcs, page 45 'I riugalvai Cares, pago 48 S1odar Templo of Gondessam page 49 Do Iemplu of Aesrara, page 50 Ankar Cares pige 52 Jhodge Ola templo of Mánikesvann, pago 5? . ... • ·16 West Khandesh Districi Brlsīne Old'temples, page 54. Bhamer Fort and Caves, page 55. Tbālvor Old tombs, page 57. Last Khåndcsl District- Sangamcśrars ... Old templo, page 61. Erandol Pandavas' wūtā, pago 58. Pātnn Temple of Maheśvara, old site, and other ruins, page 62. Väghli Temple of Mudhāidovi, and 3 inscribed slabs iu Kșisĩn's templo, page 64. Northern Division. ... ... ... Do. Ahmedabad District Almedabad Ahmad Shali's mosque, page 67. Do. Jāmi' Masjid, page 67. Do. Ráni Sipri's mosque and tomb, page 68. Do. T'in Darowizá, page 68. Do. Azam Khāri's pulace, pago 68. Do. ... ? Mubāfiz Kbän's mosque, page 68. Do. Tombs of the Queens of Ahmed Shāb, page 69. Do. Sidi Sayyid's DInsjid. Do. ...? Sidi Basir's minārs, page 70. Do. Brick minats nt the Railway station, page 71. Do. ? Visan Khin Juliān's Masjid, page 73. Do. Darya Khan's tomb, page 77. Do. Achyut Bibi's mosque and tomb, page 77. Do. Mir Abu Turāb's tomb, page 77. Do. Snyyid Usman's mosquo and tomb, page 77. Do. Migăn Kliãn Chisti's mosque, page 78* Do. Malik Alan's niosque, page 78. Do. Bābā Lului's DInsjid, pago 78. Do. Ruuzu of Azam Khan and Mozam Khan, page 78. Do. ? Ibrahim Sayyid's Masjid, page 78. Do. Bibi Ji's Masjid nt Rājpur Hirpur, page 79. Malik Isan-Ul-Mulk's mosque, page 79. Do. Mosque a furlong or so to south of latter, page 79. Do. Stone step-well near latter, page 79. Do, Dādā Harir's niosque, tonh and rell, page 30. Do. ... ? Mata Bhavāni's well, page 80. Do. The Dutch tombs, page si. Do. The palace, barem and tank at Sarkhej, page 81. Do. All the old tombs at Batwa, pnge Sl. Paldi Kochrab... The small stono mosque, pago 83. Adālnj The step-well, page 81. Viramgām The Mongar talāv, page 86. Dholkā The Khan Masjid, page 86. Do. The ruined building near the Tankı Masjid, page 86. Do. The Multāv tank, page 86. Raira District Mehmarlābād ... Tomb of Mubārak Sayyid, page 03. Do. The tornbs of Saifu'd-din and Nizamu'd-din, page 93. Do. The Phir or Bhämaria well, page 93. Kapadvanj The toraņa arch aud kunda near the clock tower, page 94. Do. Jami' Masjid, page 94. Sarpal The old temple of Galteśvara, page 94. Borsad Old step-well, page 95. Pouch Mahāls District Champāner Jämi' Masjid, page 97. Do. Sakar Khan's dargāh, page 97. Do. Shahr-ki Masjid, page 97. Do. Mändvi, or custom house, page 97. Do. East and south Bhadr gates, page 97. Do. Nagina Masjid, page 97. Do. Bā svā Man's mosque, page 97. Do. Kajuri Masjid, page 97. .. ... ... . ... * This shonld certainly be acquirad from the Railtray Company and be restored to its original conditioa. It bus len rooverted into a dielling boose.

·17 .. my Panch Blahals District-contexuell Champaner Kepada Masjid, page 97 Do Lil Gumbaz-ki Blaspid, page 97. Do. Ruined Jaipa temples page 97. Do Jepure Masjid, page 97 Pavågadu Fort and buildings, page 97 Halol Do Do Desar Bbavaka Old ruised temple, page 98 Lilvadera Old runs at-, page 98 Ratanpar Old temple with sculptored screen, page 98 Broach District Broach 1 Old Jami Masjid, page 99 Do. Dutch tombs, page 100. Do. ... I Kothi or Dutch Factory, page 110. Surat District Sarat Do Do Suhal Thana District Thana Fort, page 108 Borivh Do Do Magathana Ambiwli Kondivte Bandora Portuguese fort at point, page 110 Ambarpaths Ambarnátha temple, page 110 Palu Sonala Caves, page 111 Bassein All old Portuguese remains in the fort, page 111. Arnalá Fort, page 112 Mahuli Fort, page 113. Presidency Distr ct Elephauta Caves, page 207 Bombay Fragment of the old fortification near the European Hospital tan .. 10. Southern Division. Belgaum District Belgaam Do. Old Jaiga temple in the corner of the Commissariat storeyard, page 115 Old Jains temple outside the Commissariat storeyard, but close to it, page 115 Remains of old Hindu temple near the barrachs at one time used as a Sergeants' mess and labelled Quarters No 2, page 115 IL Do Tonn 115 192 . 10. .. Dhär vår District Adaraganchi Unkal Gadas Do. Betgeni Lakkundi Do Do. Do. Danba Do, Bankapar 1 766-5 ·18 ... ... .. Do. ... .. Dbārvār District continued. Hānga! The old temples in the fort, page 135. Haveri Old temple of Siddheśvara, page 140. Rāņebennur Stone circle, page 141. Chaudadampur Old temple of Mukteśvara, page 141. Motibendur Dolmen in the village, page 142. All inscription slabs classed I and II as far as possible. Bijapur District Bijāpur Jāmi' Masjid, page 153. Do. Batula Khản's Masjid, page 153. Do. Yusuf's old Jami' Masjid, page 154, Do. Ali Sbābid Pir's Masjid, page 154. Do. Mustafa Kbān's mosque, page 154. Do. Nau Gumbaz, page 155. Do. Andu Masjid, page 155. Do. Zanjiri or Malika Jahan Begam's mosque, page 155. Do. Bukbări Masjid, page 155. Do. Zamrud Masjid, page 155. Do. Karim-ud-din's mosque, page 156. Do. Old mosque in the Collector's compound, page 156. Do, Makka Masjid, page 156. Do. Chinch Diddi Masjid, page 156. Ibrāhim's Jāmi Masjid, page 156. Do. Ikhlās Khan's mosque, page 157. Do. Chotā Asār mosque, page 157. Do. Dakhani Idgāh, page 157. Do, Rangi Masjid, page 157. Do. Pär Kliān's Masjid, page 161, Do. Dhai Wāļi Masjid, page 161. Do. Gagan Mahāl, page 164. Do. Sāt Manzli, page 164. Do. Mihtari Mahal, page 167. Do. Mubārak Khan's Mabāl, page 168. Do. Gol Gumbaz, page 168. Do. Ali I Rauza, page 169. Do. Green stone tomb, page 169. Do. Ali II Rauza, page 170. Do. Jod Gumbaz or "Two sisters," page 170. Do. Tomb of Pir Shaikh Hamid Qadir, page 170. Do. Malik Sandal's tomb, page 170. Do. Kamrakhi Gumbaz, page 170. Dom Sikandar Shāb's tomb, page 170. Do. Kishwar Khan's tomb, page 171. Do. Grave of Aurangzib's wife in the Nau Bagh, page 171. Do. Haji Hasan Sāheb's tomb, page 172. Do. Chånd Bāori, page 174. Do. Tāj Bāori, page 174. Day Gumat Bāori, page 174. Do. The old water towers, page 175. Do. The Bari Kamăn, page 176. Do. Ambar Khāņa, page 176. Do. Sopahri Masjid, page 178. Do. Mosque No. 314, page 178. Do. Mosque No. 329, page 179. Do. Khidaki Masjid, page 179. Do. Ibrāhimpur Masjid, page 179. Do. Mosque No. 366 at Aivāpur, page 180. Do, The group of the Ibrāhim Rauza, page 180. Do. Moti dargāh, page 180. Do. Haidar Kbān's tomb, page 180. Do. Shāh Naváz Khan's tomb, page 180. Do. Afzal Khan's wives' tombs, page 181. Do. Afzal Khān's cenotaph, page 181. Do. Jabān Begam's tomb, page 181. Ain-ul-Mulk's tomb, page 181. Do. The Nauras or Sangat and Nāri Mahāls, page 179. The water pavilions, page 182. Kumaţgi Aiholi Temple of Meguti, page 183. Do. The caves, page 183. Do. Durgā temple, page 184. Do. Galiganātha temple, page 184. Do. Old temple in field between last and the village and to south- Test of latter, page 184. ... ... ... Torweh ·19 O ... .. ... . ... page 193 ... Bijapur District-continued. Atholi Old temple Dear Galignbåtha. Do. Dolmes near Galigatăthe. Do, Ramlinga group, in field No. 75. Do. Two-storeyod Jaina temple and care in lill-side just ander Megutt. Do. Hachchimalligadi temple, in field No 278 Do. Old temple with white-washed front in the village, in three hays of the ceiling of which are represented & Naga Raja, Siva on his bull, and Brabmi peated apon his goose respectively Do. Upwards of twenty dolmens on the hill beside Negoti's tomple. Bådami The Jaina and Vaişpava Caves, page 186. Do Old temple on the north fort Do. Old temple on a knoll below the north fort. Do, Old gun lying in the larce western bastion of the south fort. Do The Bhūtanátha group of temples on the east of the tank. Pattadakal The temple of Påpanatha, page 187. Do. ? The temple of Sangameśvara and inscribed tablet therein Karwar District Banavası Naga stone with Páli inscription at the temple of Madhakeśvara, page 189 No (12) Bilgi Jauna bastı of Parsvanátha, page 191. Murdesvara A. row of well sculptured piragala or memoral stones, Bbatkal Temple of Jattapā Nayalana Chandranathefvara, page 195. Do. Temple of Ketapar-Nárāsaņa, parodom - -196. Do Gereappă Do Katpagırı District Dabhol Old mosque near the sea, page 199 Suvarnadurg Fort, page 203, Kolaba District Alibag Old fort, page 206 Korle Old fort, page 206. Revadandi Old fort and ruins withio, page 206 Nagothana Old Magalman bridge, page 207 Kuda Caves, page 207. Rayagadh Fort page 207. Pal Caves, page 208. Kondane Caves, page 203. Ambivali Cave, page 208 Kotal: Fort and two iron and one bronze gan, page 209. Sind. Karachi District Tatta The tombs on the Maklı Hills, page 210 Do The Dabgir Masjid, page 213. Do Old European grave near the bungalow. Khudabad Old Jámi Masjid, page 213. Do. Tomb of Yar Mahammad Kalhoră, page 214. Hyderabad District- Hyderabad Daulatpur Brahmanabad Depar Gbatgro The mound and ruing, page 216. Sakkur District Sakhar Die Misum Sbah's tomb, page 219. Do Alinit near the last, page 219. Do Some rained buildings with tile work close to the Cong bungalow. Rohri Site of the ancient city of Alor, page 220 Vijant Site of an old city, page 220. Thar and Parkar District-- Gori 7 Old Jada temple, pago 222 Bholleast Old Jaipa temples, page 222. Vimavab The ruins of Parl-Nagar, gencrally, for 28. The above list may not be absolute There yış kreme I have not yet seen, worthy of being included, and I said in Officers would Lindly bring any such to diy notice oad .. .. .00 .. ... - T.1 ܝܚ ܬ P.

·20 a query (?) are doubtful, not on the score of merit, but on the possibility of getting them listed, owing, perhaps, to their being still in regular religious use. It must be remembered that the list is not an official sanctioned list; it is only my own proposed list, which is open to alteration as circumstances may require. It is but a general answer to the many queries I get as to which monuments ought to be “ Protected” in different districts. IX.-EXCAVATION. 29. In compliance with the wishes of Government, conveyed in their Resolution No. 6625 of the 7th November last, paragraph 4, excavation work was carried on at Nāśik and on the site of Parjápur, near Marol, in the island of Salsette. An account of this is given in Part II of this Report, X. --ORIGINAL EXPLORATION. 30. The only original work done during the last season was at the old temple of Brahmä at Khed-Brahma in Idar territory. This place had never been visited by us before, nor by anyone capable of examining the building properly. Shrines to Brahmă are very few; and since it is understood that Brahmā is not, as a rule, worshipped, it is necessary, upon hearing of such a temple, to examine it in order to ascertain whether it was orginally built for his worship, or has only been converted to that use in later times. As I have already written an account of this particular temple for the Survey Annual, I shall say nothing more about it here, other than that I had every reason to believe, after examining it, it was a genuine original Brahmā temple. 31. My excavation work at Nāśik and Parjāpur might also be included in original exploration. 32. Mr. Bhándārkar's work as detailed in Part II was, of course, entirely original investigation. XI.- EPIGRAPHY. 33. The following is Mr. Bhāndārkar’s summary of the year's epigraphical work as carried out in the circle :--This season, i. e., from April 1907 to March 1908, eighty inscriptions were copied, of which three are copper-plate grants and the rest are engraved on stone. Most of the latter belong to the Chāhamāpas of Nádol and Jalor ; and of these some refer themselves to the reigns of the Chahamâna kings, for whom we so long had found no inscriptions, and others give us entirely new names not traced in previous records, not even in the Sūndhā hill iuscription of Chāchigadeva (Ep. Ind. Vol. IX, p. 70 ff.). Thus, of Jojala two inscriptions were found, supplying for him a date V. E. 1147 (A. D. 1090). Of Aśvarāja again, two epigraphs were discovered, specifying the dates V. E. 1167 and 1172. The names, though not the dates, of these kings are known to us, but the princes, who are known to us for the first time, are Kațuka and Rāyapāla. The name of the first occurs in three inscriptions, in two of which he is spoken of as yuvarāja or heir-apparent and son of Ašvarāja, the third giving him the date 31, which, if taken as a Siddha-samvat, becomes equivalent to A. D. 1143. Of Rāyapāla no less than seven inscriptions have come to light, with dates ranging from V. E. 1189 to V. E. 1202. Åt Sánchor, again, an inscription was found, which gave an account of an entirely new Chábamāna family. Another stoneinscription, which may perhaps be noticed in passing is that of the Paramāra king Pūrņapāla, found at Bhaduậd and bearing the date V. E. 1102. Of the copper-plate inscriptions two are worthy of note. One of these was found at Daulatábād in the Nizām's dominions. It registers a grant made in Saka 715 (A.D. 793) by the Rāsbţrakūta Sankaragaña, cousin of Dhruva who was then the paramount sovereign. The second was originally found at Hansot in the Broach District. This also is a charter issued from Bhrigukachchha (Broach) by one Bhartri(tri)vadda II of the Chāhamāna dynasty. It speaks of Nāgāvaloká as his overlord, and mentions the date 813, which, if referred to the Vikrama era, corresponds to A. D. 756.-D. R. B.

·21 XII -NUMISMATICS 36 34 The revised rules regarding the working of the Treasure Trove Act, referred to in niy last Progress Report, paragraph 39, were issued during the year with the Bombay Government Resolution No 5322 of th: 10th of September last, in the General Department 35 In this resolution Government ! the Arc ouring will go forward more ripidly as soon as the work connecteu wilu lue propulation of this Report and other urgent matters are oat of hand In my last Progress Report I have a note on the find of laring in the Ratnagiri District Larins As the inscriptiors upon these are very fragmentary, and have not b en satı-fact yrıly deri phered, I had hoped that such a unique opportunity would hive been seized to try and read the superscription, since, with so many coins, I think it would have been possible to get at the whole inscription letters which did not appear on one specimen being found upon another The coins are non dispersed, and I have not heard whether this was done Officers in charge of Museums to which specimens were sunt would be glad to have a copy of the restored super scriptions 37. In connection with the establishmeat of a new Museum at Indore, mentioned in the next section under Museums,' I have received pickets of coins fron time to time, from the Honourable the Agent to the Governor General 10 Ceotral India, for examination and opinion as t, whether they were worth hoop ing for the new collection I have thus erumaed and sorted 293 coins com prising 1 gold, 287 silver and 11 copper. 38. In November last Mr Simcox Collector of Last Khandesh hindly presented our Museum with 48 copper cuins, emhracing specimens of ancı coins, Taxıla coias, Indo Sassanian, Delhi Sultips and the Sultans of Malwa 39 Professor Gimmie who 19 establishing the new Horticultural Gardens b to give me for our collection some 14 times, within the fort by his Assistant f the jungle Among them is oo nbıy Eist India Company picu, and some Maratha and Portuguese coins Treasure Trove. 40 On the loth March 1907, 5 gold and 32 silver coins were found nt the village of Vejalpur in Kalol tuliku Panch Valalg District 41. In Ducember, 1906, 152 Chandavadı rupees were found at Gondırlo Bk, taluha Man, Sitar District in a dilapidated part Satara of a house In the same district 39 old Huberi coins were found in a house at Amnápur, taluha Tasgaon, in May 1907 42 Treasure Trove consisting of 43 Chandava lı rupees was found buriod under a treo at the foot of a hill near Digeva li, Patan lalula, in the Satara District, in the month of May 1907. 43, In the Poona City a man found 21 old silter Muhammadın chias, together with a fer modern coins both counterfeit and Poros. true, la February 1906 In the same district, at Junnar, 18) current Indian rupees were found buried in the back courtyard of a houst, in April 1907 42 A further Treasure Trove pas found so the wall of a house in Poona which ha 1 fallen It consisted of 68 currat rupees together with sundrs golde silver, and brass ornaments. D 766-6 punch marhed 1 1 Panch Mahals ·22 Thann. 46. A small copper pot containing 110 silver pieces called Ankusi rupees, was found in July 1906 in the village of Taked Khurd Nasik, in the Igatpuri tälukū of the Násik District. 47. Current coin to the extent of Rs. 16 was found in a house at Nāsik on the 21st June 1907. 48. On the 2-1th July 1907 Treasure Trove, consisting of eight Alamgiri rupces, was turned up by passing cuttle in front of a house in the village of Bhilkot in the Malegaon tūluků of the Nāsik District, 49. A rich find of gold ornaments was made at the village of Nandgaon, täluka Mähim, in the Thāņā District, in May 1906. It consisted of rings, a chain, and a pati of the aggregate value of Rs. 1,180. 60. In June 1907, fifty-four rupees of 1810 were found hidden underneath the gåtthan land at the village of Dāhāņu, tālukā Dahāņu, in the ſlāņā District, 51. About the inildle of May 1907, 10 silver coins of the Bāhāmani dynasty were found hidden in a field at Bagilge Belgaum. Dukervaddi, Chandgau mahāl in the Belgaum District. 52. In the same district, in December 1906, 49 Panāli rupees were found in an erthen pot, hidden in the wall of an old ruined house in the village of Bhoj, Chikoli täluků, Belgaum District, but was nut advertised in the Governmeni Gazelle until January last. 53. A find of coin and ornaments was made, while the bricks of a fallen wall were being removed, in the Shāhpur Division Alimedabad. of Almedābād. The coins consisted of 4+ current and 14. " Sakai” (Sikka?) rupees. 54. At the village of Soldhara, Chikhli talukā, Surat District, 14 current rupces were found buried in the verandah of a house. 55. Some 6 gold coins, apparently of a very ancient date, were discovered at the village of Mitho Dero, about 9 miles from Lärklānā, in Sind, in August 1907. 56. In the Narshingarh State in the Bhopāl Agency, Central India, 237 silver Mughal and Native State coins were found at the village of Kurawar, 57. On the bank of a river in the village of Basudha, in the Bhāgelkhand Agency, were found 16 coins, mostly of Mughal coinage. 58. Following is a statement supplied by the Honorary Secretary, Bombay Branch, Royal Asiatic Society, regarding the distribution of Treasure Trove coins during the eighteen months January 1907 to June 1908, in accordance with the request of Government in their Resolution No. 55224 of the 10th September 1907, paragraph 4. The distribution of Nahapāna coins was made by the Society according to the old Government of India list, the Government resolution, mentioned above, not having rcached them in time, and coins were also sent to the following institutions not included in that list, viz., the . Bodleian Library, Societie Asiatique, the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge, the K. K, Museum, Berlin, and the Rājkot Museum, Kāțhiāwar. Upon calling their attention to the later Government of India list and the Government of Bombay Resolution No. 6625, of the 7th November 1907, paragraph 8, sets of these coins were distributed to the following museums :- Prince of Wales Museum, Bijāpur Museum, Bombay. Udaipur Museum. Peshāwar Museum. Indore Museum. Quetta Museum, Bhavanagar Museum, Ajmer Museum. Junāgadh Museum. Dhar Museum, Rangoon Museum. Surat. Larkliana. Central India.

·23 A summary of the results of the Treasure Trove Coins dealt with from January 1907 to June 1908 by the Honorary Secretary, Bombay Branch, Royal Asiatic Society. A1 1 The dumber of coins reported on and distributed under the Treasure Trove Act from January 1907 to June 1908 was 14,150. Of these 13,265 were received from the Collector of Náśıb, 366 from the Collector of Ratnagiri, 67 from the C" 1 from the Collector • from the Collector ) from the Collector of Belgaum. The coins are classified as follows: Modern Metal Ancient Lering Blogbul Bahamadi Total Native States. .. .. Grid Silver Copper 13,624 356 33 34 6 70 17 10 6 14,093 51 .RO u. Total 13,624 356 67 93 10 14,150 and they have been distributed as shown belos Inst tatous, Gold Silver Corp Bullon Total 3 2 1 The Prince of Wales Museum, Bombay The Indian Museum, Calcutta The Madras Museamn The Propircial Museum, Lucknow The Lahore Museum 'l he Nagpur Maseum lhe Public Library, Shillong The Archæological Museum, Poona The Peshawar Nuseum he Quetta Museum The Ajmer Museum 'l bo Rangoon Maseum Asiatic Society, Bengal I'ombay Branch, Royal Asiatic Society The British Musenn For sale at the Diat, Bombay Victoria and Albert Museum, Bombay Karichu Library and Museum 40 44 40 38 37 3+ 3+ 83 2. 25 25 23 33 do HOWS A NON ASN 2979 COPO ****************** 45 49 43 40 99 33 86 35 20 26 26 26 26 86 24 13,183 27 1 ada 22 13,166 387 *** 357 mission of Government Special presentation of Traikätaha coing to Rey Mr IR Scott with perm23310n of Government 9 .. 9 Total 6 11,093 31 14,150 and fully The most notable find was of the silver coins of Nalapāna, the first of the Western Kshatrapas, discovered in the Sonar Tăluh i of the Naul District, The Rev. Dr II. R. Scott, to whom the coins were sent for deciphilrment, had carefully gor described th No. 62 of the Society An interesting find of silver wire coins occurred in the village of Saitawde in the Ratnāzırı District. The coins are called Larins from Lar a ·24 Persian District at the head of the Persian Gulf where they were orginally produced. The larins that are found on this side of India are generally of Indian make, and believed to be of the Adil Shāhi dynasty of Bijapur. The coin is of a curious shape, being a thick piece of silver wire doubled in the middle and flattened at the folded part to receive an impression, An important discovery of a large quantity of silver coins was made near the village of Kazad in the Indāpur Talukā, Poona District. They are all coins of the Traikūțaka king Dahragaņa (Dahrasena) (A. D. 465) except four which are of his son Vyāghragaņa. The Rev. Mr. H. K. Scott has written a paper on the coins, and it will be published in the forthcoming number of the Journal. Among the other coins may be mentioned 10 silver coins of the Bähámani dynasty found at Chandgadh Pethā in the Belgaum District. All the ten .coins are in an excellent state of preservation. Two of the coins are of the first king of the dynasty 'Ala-ud-din Hasan Shāh Gangu Bahman, and eight of the second king Muhammad Shāh Bahman Ghāzi. The find, though small, is important as gold and silver coins of the kings of the Bāhāmani dynasty are scarce. XIII.-MUSEUMS. Poona. 59. The competition for designs for the new Prince of Wales Museum, Bombay, produced sixteen designs twelve from Indian and Bombay. four from European Architects. One of the latter was chosen, but upon further examination it was found to work out to a cost greater than the funds at our command. It is now being ascertained whether a fresh design can be made which will come within our means. In the meantime objects of interest are being collected with which to stock the museum when ready. These are being stored for the present at the rooms of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, and already comprise some 45 coins- 3 gold, 40 silver and 2 copper-and 81 sculptures, images, and inscribed stones. These, of course, are in addition to the contents of the Poona Archæological Museum which will be transferred. 60. In the antiquarian section of the Victoria and Albert Museum, Bombay, the following additions were made during the year: 21 silver coins of Nahapana, 2 silver wire coins (larins), 13 Indo-Portuguese copper coins, 9 East India copper coins, one copper Carnbay coin, 2 copper coins of Cutch. 61. The Poona Museum, in my own charge, has received the following additions to its coin collection : 6 gold, 95 silver, and 69 copper coins, embracing Gupta, Sikh, Mughal, Kshatrapa, Sindhi, Bengāli, Indo-Scythian, Bāhāmani and Bijāpuri specimens and coins of the French East India Company and Indian Native States. In addition to the coins the following objects were acquired, viz., two black stone images, 3 brass images, one wouden gilt image of Buddha with box shrine, one enamelled tile from the mosque of Omar at Jerusalem, an inscribed slab from the Collector of East Khāndesh, and one old large brick from the Indore Darbār. 62. The Bijapur Museum has been started, the objects, which had been stored in a godown under the Asār Mahāl, having been Bijapur. transferred thereto. Plate glass cases have been made for displaying the old Bijāpur carpets from the Asār Mahāl. A Curator has been placed in charge. Out before the building, upon a raised platforin, has been arranged a gun trophy, in which are grouped many of the old guns of Bijāpur, together with some of the large columns and other sculptured blocks too big to be taken inside, 63. The Honorary Secretary, Watson Museum of Antiquities, Rājkot, Kathiāwār, favours me with the following list of Rajkot. objects added during the year: 34 silver and 7 copper coins-Sassanian, Kshatrapa, Prussian, Native States, etc., and a copper platé grant, together with a number of impressions of inscriptions, Altogether 221 articles were acquired.

·25 Indore, 64 The Barton Museum, Bhavanigar, added to its collection a sealed copper plata grant of the Sain at year 208 found at Bhayanagar. Sodiadra village during the year 65 In my last Progress Report I mentioned the proposed M{useum at In lore I am now able through the courtesy of the First Ass stant to the Agent to the Governor-General, to state that the Indore Mu cum wall be a Provincial one in every sense of the word It will be located in the old Daly Ollege building as soon as negoti? tions for its purchase and suitable alterations are co upleted Proposals regard ing future grants in ard and initial expenditure on furniture, etc, have been lud before the Government of India In the meantime coins and other objects art being collected for it, 66 It was proposed to erect an open air enclosure to form a kind of museum sculptures which pre ny at Sinchi in the Bhopal State I left with fr Cook, the State ind, if possible, get a graut for it Iuel lidl Duling nlds yeu come ut i 67 The Ajmer Museum has beea started, and a Curitor has been appointed, namely, Mr. Gaurisankar Huachand Oza lately Almer of the Museum at Udaipur He is an enthusiast in matters antiquarian and the Ajmer Museum has thus gained at the expense of the Udaipur Museum, Draft rules have already been drain up for the conduct of its affairs XIV --COMPILATION OF LISTS. . UT IT ) 68 The gathering of material for the Lists of Remains in Rajputro 13 still being carried out by Mr Bhandarhar We are finding the country more fully stocktd with ancient monuments than we had any idea of On reaching a spot already mentioned in some list or account, he usually finds remains in half a dozen other places in the vicinity that have never been brought to light and many ot these of_reat interest The work is therefore slower than was anticipated, but It is thorough A detailed account of his last seasons work will be found in Part II of this report 69. Our own Revised Lists of Remains in the Bombay Presidency rre being dded to and corrected from time to time The greatest help we have yet n, Collector of Dharwar send in fron time to list one of the post accurate and complete in the book, XV --PUBLICATIONS. 70 The rortfolio of Sind ecamelled tiles, mentioned in my last Report was issued during the yer This was the only separate publication. I have forwarded two articles for the Annual, one upon the restoration of the Juna toner at Chitor and another upon the Dhamnar cavcs in Central Indir Another article I had in preparation at the end of the year upon the old temple of Brahmi at Khed-Brahma in Nahi Kantha Dpigrapha Indica, Daulatabid plates of of Nagabhaith, and l he has contributed • hara respectively 72 \Vith reference to ber last prragmph 5, I hiret great area embraced witlun oi and other material into monographs upon the lema lpıntz and Chiluksan temple work and other subjccts, such as the SIuliamınıdıo architeotare of Bijapur, thi B 766-7 7 1 1 . 1 ·26 $ remains in Sind, and Jaina remains in Kathiă văd and Gujarăt. It is to enable me to work up these that the subject of an extension of my service, after September 1909, has already been monted by the Director-General of Archæology. It is only upon being relieved of the ordinary work of the Circle that I can satisfactorily concentrate my energies upon this work. The material for all these is ready, and only requires uninterrupted and sustained study to work it into proper form for publication. XVI.-CONTRAVENTION OF STANDING ORDERS. 73. The Executive Engineer, Kairā and Panch Mahāls, drew my attention, in February last, to the fact that the Manager of the Jain Conference, lately held at Ohampāner, had, without permission, white-washed the westera stone arched gates to Champāner. These are on the list of archæological remains. The Supervisor had written to the Manager asking him to have the whitewash removed, but whether this has been done or not I do not know. I have written to the Collector on the subject. This shews the necessity of having all ancient monuments of interest declared protected as soon as possible.* XVII._OFFICE LIBRARY. 74. The Office Library. was increased during the year by the following works: l'irst supplement to the Catalogue of Books in the Library of ibe Director- Goneral, April 1904 to Decembor 1905. Index to do. do. (Issue 1905). Do. do, do. (Issue 1906). Stone Carving and Inlaying in the Bombay Presidency. Code of Instructions for erection and testing of ligutning conductors. Bombay Gazetteer, Kathia vād, Vol. VIII-B. Catalogue of India Museum Coins, Catalogue of the existing coins in the Nágpur Museum. Annual Progress Report of the Assistant Superintendent, Arcliwological Surroy, Southern Circle (Epigraplıy), for 1906-1907. Do. Superintendent, Archäological Survey, Frontier Circle, for 1906-1907. Do, Superintendent, Archæological Surrey, Southera Circle, for 1906-1907. Do. Superintendent, Arolæological Surros, Burun Circle, for 1906-1907. Do. Archæological Surveyor, Northern Circlo, for 1900- 1907. Do. Superintendent, Archeological Surroy, Northern Circle, for 1906-1907. Do. Superintendent, Archeological Surrey, Eastern Circle, for 1906-1907. Annual Report of the Director-General of Archwology. Indian Empire, Imperial Gazetteor, Vol. I. Do. do. Vol. III. Do. do. Vol. IV. Conservation (General Instructions for the preservation of) of Anciont Monumonts. Notices of Sanskrit MSS., Bongal, Vol. IIl. List of Sanskrit and Hindi Miss, at the Sanskrit Collogo, Beodres, purchased during 1906. Report of a second tour in search of Sanskrit DISS. in Rajputāni and Coutral India by Professor S. R. Bhaudārkar, M.A., 1905-1900. Kirrin Māhātmya, Srpskrit MS. Grimāln-Puriņu. 24th Annual Report of the Barcau of American Ethuology. Balletin No. 30, Part I A-M, of the Bureau of Americasa Ethnology. Bulletin No. 33 of the Bureau of American Ethnology. Ancient Klotan by M. A. Stein, Vol. 1. Do. do. Vol. II. Four sets Technical Art Series. Journal of the Bombny Branch of the Royal Asintio Society, No. 62, Vol. 22. MIcdicino of Auciont Indin, Part I, Ostcologs, by Dr. A. F. Rudolf Hoornlo. • I hato since beord from tho Oulieciur that this has beca doar ·27 9...1. with Epigraphia Iodo-Moslemic. XVIII.-ANNUAL EXPENDITURE, 75. The cost of the working of the Western Circle of the Archeological Survey of India during the year was Rs. 22,366-12-3, Thu details are :- 6. P. Salaries 27,813 5 9 Travelling allowances 2,772 03 Contingent charges 1,781 6 3 Total Rs.... 22,366 12 3 Rs. ... ... .. . XIX-PROGRAMME FOR 1908-09. 76. Unforeseen calls elsewhere permitting, I propose starting my next Superintendent's Tour. season's tour at Elephauta. Information has been sent me about a recent fall of a great mass of rock from over the front of the main cave, almost blocking the entrance. The Kanheri caves must also be visited to settle what should be done there to conserve them properly, and to come to some more definite understanding with the proprietor respecting their care and custody. I should then proceed to the Panch Naháls to visit several places containing remains of interest that the Collector has written me about. These places are Bhavka, Richya, Ratanpur, Lilyadeva, and Desar. The ruined harem at Sarkhej near Ahmedābād has to be examined with reference to proposed repairs to it; and other buildings, on which work is progressing, will liave to be inspected. After this I would take up Mudbera in the Kadi Division of H. H. the Gaikwad's territory, which I have promised to advise upon. It is about fifteen miles west of Mehsānā station. On the way I have to visit the famous Adalaj well, 12 miles north of Ahtedābād. Thence I would look iu upon the work progressing at the Dilwārā temples at Abû, and continue north to Mandor near Jodhpur where Mr. Marshall intends doing some excavation works and is anxious I should join him for a few days. It was here, the ancient capital of Mārvār, that Mr. Bhándārkar, the season before Jast, stumbled upon: some very early Gupta work. After this I would make my long den risit to Sind and Brāhmaṇābād, to excavate again on the site of the lat place and Vijnote, and inspect some of the more important buildings elsewbiet quiring attention. Should I have time after this, I would devote it in lace and Pattadakal in Bijāpur, and other places in the Dhārvár Dam There is a long deferred visit due to Mándu in Central India, a mi se which I may have at any time. It has been twice put off on sewnt me at plague. Work, again, is still going on at Khajarāhā, to v I possibly be called away. 77. Mr. Bhändárkar will probably have some little time I Vatt at Mandor in order to get a legano iz Tun Tor Assistant Superiotend. For the rest of his time ont be Till 2 Lis for antiquarian remains in x Papa which he has not yet touched, and steadily water Tag inte the country he will tour through chiefly is that you are Jodhpur, whose remains seen alaost inexhaustisie in ITTEE to possess antiquarian remains are Barhans, SI, PE Rūmsea, Bithoră, Banta and Sojat. ses Saperi- Poona, 27th July 1903. ent's Tour. th ·PART II. 78. In previous Progress Reports I hare already referred to the matter of staining new work in the repairs to ancient buildings, Staining new work. but I would still like to have one final word upon it, more especially as I have two good photographs to illustrate my contention. Opinion is divided on the point, even between those engaged upon the conservation of ancient monuments in Europe, and it is with all due deference to the opinions of such experts as may differ from me that I pen the following note. 79. In the first place, I suppose it will be conceded that it is quite necessary, on occasion, to replace missing members such as pillars, capitals and lintels, and to close up gaps in wall surfaces when the original stones have fallen or crumbled away. Such repairs are, more often than not, absolutely necessary for the stability of the structure concerned. And these repairs may be roughly classed under two conditions--those to buildings in an otherwise perfect state, and those to such as are ruinous. In the former, I consider it would amount to vandalism to replace these parts with rough unsightly work. So long as the building stands in perfect condition, it has as much claim to have its repairs carried out in the style and spirit of the original, as far as it is possible to do so, as such moments as Westminster Abbey have had in the many subsequent repairs and additions to them. If, in a pillared building, for example, in a row of beautiful columns the original builders substituted a plain square block for one of them, it would be looked upon as a serious blewish to the whole structure, and one would wonder what possessed the architect to allow such a thing. Does it, then, make any difference whether that square block was put in ten years after the construction of the edifice, or fifty, or five hundred ? It is always a blemish, and, the more so, the more complete the structure is at the time. In the case of a ruin the substituted member should certainly be a plainer and simpler thing, as a newly carved copy of the original would look strangely out of place beside the moulderul, weather-worn and fragmentary remains. The repair in the latter case partakes of the nature merely of a support or prop to keep the building or parts together, and is looked upon as such. Again, in a living building, still used for its origipal purpose, and by a community over whom we have no control, who have a right to add or repair as they please, additions and alterations are sometimes needed for their present requirements. These are certainly better carried out under proper advice, in conformity with the original style, than in the manner likely to be followed by the people themselves, which is su often disastrous to the appearance of the building. 80. Conceding, then, as we cannot otherwise do, the necessity at times of substituting new for missing members and parts, and that, in certain cases, these parts should follow the style and feeling of the original work, the question comes in of staining this new work, when it is not possible to obtain materials approximating the tint of the old work, The whole end and aim of arebitecture, or decorative building, is to please the cye. If, then, we introduce anything into the composition of a design that offends, we render all our efforts at decoration futile, for the eye will be constantly drawn towards the offending spot, which will thus mar the tout ensemble of the work. In many repairs, such as those that have been carried out at Ahmedābād, a purely white stone, shaft or capital lias been introduced to take the place of a missing one, which, though originully white, when fresh from the builder's hands, hnd, in the course ofaves, weathere'll to an almost perfectly black tint. The white patches which result are: (/(?". ingly offensive, for they look like areas of white plaster, though the same storie, and, perhaps, from the same quarry as the original. In the cour-e of in them, too, will weather to the same tint, bui, in the meantime, are they just to be left ugly eyesores upon the face of an otherwise exquisite fagaudo? They are jurring notes in a beautiful harmony. Then, why may we nut anticipate the bustk vi! time lig toning clown this harsh white by some staining misture, whirli will do! until the stone assumes its own weather stains? Jurkerne or material might be used, but this is not alssays available. Itissid that a class imitations ont the original, in style and colour, is false, and such repair, arı likely lietoties by - ·29 be mistaken for original work. But it need not be, if marked with a date in an inconspicuous place. It is not necessary to advertise our repairs upon a build. ing by their very T of recent work at the Sās. to prevent the whole mass o said, and I think very few y e stone as it came from the masons' bands. 81. In the case of repairs to the plaster work on domes or walls, no objection could surely be made to the toning down of the colour of the raw white new material by the admixture of some colouring ingredient. It is to be hoped the days are gone by when dark grey weather-stained plastered domes were repaired with pure white plaster, which wriggled up the cracks like streaks of lightning 82. With reference to Government Resolution No. 6625 of the 7th Stone workers at November 1907, paragraph 2, I quote an extract from BIJapur. the Executive Engineer's (Bijapur) letter No. D.-079 of the 3rd March 1907, to the Superintending Engineer, Southern Division:- "2. Paragraph 3 of the Government Resolution No. 4, General Depart. ment, dated 3rd January 1907.-The stone-work required to replace the damaged portions of the cornice at the Jami Masjid, Gol Gumbaz, and Ibrahim Rauza at Bijapur, and other architectural restorations are being done satisfactorily by the workers locally trained for the purpose. Mr. Cousens, the Superintendent of th visit to Bijāpur, on the 6th ultimo, e progress and the nature of the work dor secessity for importing stone carver from Abmedabad, as the procedure would enhance considerably the cost of the restoration. Mr. Cousens also expressed this same opinion." 83. This is correct; and my examination of the work since has confirmed this opinion. The ornamental chiselling is all geometric, and, for that reason, is much easier than that required upon such mediæval temples as we find in Gujarăt and Räjputānā. The work has been really well done, and at half the cost it would have been under imported masons. My omission to notice this matter in my last year's Progress Report was due to the short time in which I had to put the latter together before going on leave on the 1st June, when it was overlooked. 81. As already mentioned, in Section IX, Part I, of this Report, ercaration work was carried on at Násik and at Parjápor in Salsette, Government were desirous that some cavation work should be carried out in the Presidency proper as distinct from, and in addition to that proposed at Brāhmanaba Sic, and in their Resolution No. 4 of the 3rd January 1907 they are certain sites. Sites in the Presidency, likely to yield anything reacting the age of the unearthed Buddhist remains in the north of Indias ser as I know, very rare indeed, and are not found out of Sind. Tos: re site is old there can be little doubt, but the Dakhan trap evertries to en surface, or so near to it, that there is seldom any depth of sait to care much up. This is what I found both at Nasik and Jannarra see Excavation, es- Strices 11 inscribed slabs, and fragments of fallen temps *** foundations of such temples are of little interesa FETE any depth, and consisted of shapeless or elme Étang Title would be itcs tbore in I were som monasteries, connected with the temp'a rien amongst crooked streets lined with an . - 76 La ·30 Nasik, 35. Nāśik and its neighbourhood were thoroughly examined. On the rorit from Nāśik to Gofardhan, in a mango grore, the late Dr. Bhagwāplā) Indrāji found a conical mound, which he opened by sinking a shaft through its entire depth of twenty-six feet. From what he found a broken earthen pot, within a rough circle of boulders, containing burnt human bones- it would appear to have been a prehistoric burial mound. I found two other somewhat similar mounds, certainly artificial, nearer Nasik, on the same road, which he does not mention. The more likely one, in field No. 691, I opened, and went down to a depth of twenty-five feet into virgin soil without result. The bulk of the mound appeared to be made of a black viscid clay which, I understand, is only found in the adjacent riser bed. I drove a slanting cutting from the south, and at the same time opened out a well in the centre of the mound as it now stands. On reaching virgin soil I probed all around the centre as far as I dared without risking the falling in of the sides upon the coolies. It is possible that there may be some such remains, as Dr. Bhagwānläl found in the Govardhan mound, stiil within it; if so, the present centre cannot be the same as the original by a long way. This mound is about five hundred feet round the base. The second mound, which I did not open, is close beside the road on its south side, at the second mile and second furlong stone. Just beyond this on the other side of the road is yet another mound, rather shapeless, upon which is placed a small temple of Khaņderāv. 86. The Parjápur site, about a mile north of Marol village in Salsette island, Parlapur. was brought to my notice by Mr. S.NI, Edwardes, I.C.S. who contributed an article upon it, under the title of, “The Dead City of Sashti,” to East and TV est in April 1902. This site, which is bounded by the Salsette hills on the north, by a long ridge in which are the Kondivțe Caves on the west, a stream on the east, and Marol village on the south, is made up of patches of low rice fields in between irregular areas of rocky waste ground now more or less covered with palms and brushwood. Upon some of these latter spaces are vestiges of former Hindu temples of the fourteenth or fifteenth century. This site Mr. Edwardes seeks to indentify with a city called Partáppur or Pratāppar which Marāțhi records state was built near the centre of Sashti (Salsette) by Pratāpdeva or Partāpder, son of Bhimadeva who fled from Devagiri to Salsette on the approach of 'Ala-ud-din Khilji. The site has, howerer, been wiped almost clean by the Portuguese, who found, in the ruins of the old temples, abundant material with which to erect their churches and convents, which themselves are now in ruins or have disappeared altogether. 87. Near the centre of the site, on the west side of a tank, around which are indications of old buildings, excavation work was started, which resulted in our unearthing, just under the surface, the roughly squarcı masonry of the foundation of a fairly large building covering an arca of 112 feet by 81 feet. from the few fragments of sculptured mouldings from the outer hall, I should say the latter was an addition of about the early part of the fifteenth century or end of the fourteenth, to an earlier temple. The whole building consisted of two principal parts almost identical in foundation plan. The castern part, adjacent to the trek, shews a square inner room or shrine, twenty-three feet square, within the larger hall forty-four feet square, leaving a passage all around about cight and a half feet wide. Within the inner rooin are the four foundations of four pillars, furning a square. A doorway probably led out from this shırinc into the larger hall, and another doorway from the large hall into a verandah which seems to have run along the front of the temple. The larger outer hall appears to have been adder at a later time, for the front of the upper course of the fouintion 11souty of the verandalı has been chiselled smooth, which would not have been the C.-it the outer hall had been added at the same time that the main building was d'1'prodol. Ill this finished surface then becaine buried in the floor of the audition. Judging from the base blocks in the foundation, this outer hall musé linte been supports upon some thirty or thiry-six columns. Around the whole ran : lux proret wall, decorated on the outsile with panels filled with lozenge per orruseidi. On to the south side of the munin temple, at the erst einid, ls benadere ii rimti. The remarkable thing about this site is thnt not a fragment of any image will found upon it. y.

·31 88. There were no signs of any altar, against the bach all of the shrine, 1 - 11 12 iese names, Sivanerl Fort. A dāgoba would not have been out of place standing in the centre of the shriue, in the middle of the four pillars which stand at the corners of a square Such a shrine, on a very small scale, stood out on the platform before the caves, and its foundations are still in a niche on the frc were found above on this site, which I the country betwee foundations of Buddhist temples with the old dagobās still lying on them. 89. At the south-east corner of the tank was another building with brick walls and the foundation blocks for pillars, the latter being grouped in fours. The area of what was unearthed was about forty-four feet square with blocks for thirty-six pillars. The alignment of the Tulsi water main to Bombay crosses it, and it has been cut into to form the masonry bedding for the pipe. 90. A few hundred yards east of this last site ne the Sarpāla tanh, on the east side of which are a few fragments and mutilated images of a Hindu temple, and into the wall across the outflow, at the south end, are built several more fragments. On the south of these two tanks are some seven or eiglit sites, with vestiges of foundations cropping up, and there is another, with a much corroded boundary stone, upon the hill to the cast of these, or south-east of the first site. are described in the Gazetteer There fVyaravalı immediately under the cares, 91. There is rather an înteresting bit of sculpture upon one of the gates of Sivaneri Fort at Junnar. As is well known, this was the birthplace of Sıvajı, but this event did not take place until after the fort had passed into the hands of the Muhammaduns. Vidavas of Devagırı and the under the governorship of lynasty, about A. D. 1185. The Marātha commandant refused to give over the fort to Malık Abinad who at once besieged and took it, It is said that the capture of Sıvanerı Fort was of the greatest importance to him as five years' revenue of Maharashtra was stored in it "The trersure enabled Ahmad to make rich presents to hus officers and troops and helped him to secure all the places of strength in rest and south-west Poona. On his father's assassination he assumed the title of iznm-ul-Mulk Bhairi. 1* 92. What I wish now to draw attention to ie the sculptured pinel upon the wall to the north side of the second gateway leading up to the fort from below. It represents a lion or tiger standing with a small clephant under each of its hind fect, , and a tiro-headed caule under its right forc-paw. Now, this two headed bird is the royal symbol that we find upon thc coins of somo ot the Vijayanagar Kings.t Turninto Ferishta we find this statement : • Bonubay Ga tleer, Vol XVIII, l'art III, p. 225 See Indian Antiquary, Yol XX, p. 301 .'?, and plate u, Yos 2 to 31.

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·33 wooden comb which it is difficult to think can have survived from the date of the tomb. It is possible it may have been carried in by rats and have lain on the surface earth, and may have slipped down into the pit from which earth was being dug out. A piece of glass bangle was also found. Also some seeds. The comb and bit of bangle are clearly recent. But it is & mystery how they got there, for there was no room for a person to enter. It is possible they might have been thrown in. But shy?" 98. I would be glad if intimation could be first given me of the intention of any officer to excavate, for there are so many other interesting points claiıning attention during an excavation of this sort, and before their indications are destroyed, other than the mere digging for relics. Once an excavation is made, these are beyond recovery. H. C. B 786- ·34 PROGRESS REPORT OF THE ASSISTANT SUPERINTENDENT. JODHPUR STATE. 1. Last year's report ended with the description of Chohtań, where I was at the close of March 1907. Although the official year ended in that month, our touring season lasted till the close of April, and this one inonth last season we were occupied with inspecting old places in the Sanchor and Jaswantpurā Districts of the Jodhpur State. The next place we had to visit after leaving Choltan was Sānchor, and our nearest route lay vid Basārņiä and Bāmarlā, which are in the very heart of the thal or desert of MALLANI. Mallāņi. Mallāņi, Tod says, was called after a division of the Chohāns of that name, but this cannot be correct, for firstly there is no śākhā of the Chobāns panied Mallāņi, and secondly all the local authorities here are at one in saying that the province received its name from Mallināthji, a Rāthor chieftain, Mallāņi is the largest, yet the most barren, of all the districts of the Jodhpur State. It is nearly 150 miles long from north to south and 120 miles broad from cast to west. In the eastern part of this district, the river Luņi flows, and consequently the tracts round about it are here more fertile, and the villages more nearly situated to each other, than in the western part. The latter is hardly more than a sandy region, and here we, for the first time, experienced the weird sight of sandy bills rising to about 300 or 400 feet high, called dhorās by the people, with not a trace of living thing. The only tree-or rather plant, which broke the monotony of the region was the âl, the same as the ser in Mahārāshtra. The distance from Chohtaņ to Sānchor was about ninety miles, and from Chohtan onwards, not a single village did we come across till we entered the Sănchor district; the intervening places where we halted can only by courtesy be called hamlets, consisting of five or six squalid hovels of the Rebbārīs. There being neither stone nor earth fór bricks, all the dwellings of the people are huts of ak branches called jhumpdās, which looked something like birds' cages in zoological gardens. The water was scarce, and wlint there was was saltish. The well-known lines, which so jocosely yet so graphically describe Märtär, occurred to my mind: Ak-rā jhumpdā, Phog-ri bād, Būjri-rā sogra, Mothai-rī dál, Dekhi ho rājā tāri Mārwār. "Huts of āk plant, enclosures of phog (thorny bushes), bread of bājri, and pulse of mothān; (so) have I seen thy Mārwār, O prince !" These lines describe the style of living, -by no means an enviable one-, which is prevalent in nearly all parts of Mārwār, but particularly so in the sandy regions. 2. Sānchor is the principal town of the district of the same name, and is situated about 150 miles south-west of Jodhpur, on SANCHOR the bank of the Luņi river. It is famous for being the cradle of a class of Brāhmaṇas called Sanchorā, who are found in numbers both in this district and in Malläni. Sánchorā is also the name of a well-known division of the Chohāns, doubtless called after this place. According to tradition, the district with the town was held by the Pāņdavas, from whom it passed into the hands of the Yādavas, and from them it was wrested by the Paramāras. The names of the Pāņdavas and Yadavas in this connection are a pure fiction, but it is historically plausible that Sánchor was in the possession of the Paramāras. No less than two inscriptions have been found at Bhinmāl, which refer themselves to the reign of the Paramāra king Krishņarāja ; and, as Bhinmāl is not far off from Sānchor, it is not unlikely that the district of Sānchor also was held by the Paramāras. But those Paramāras could not have been independent kings, but must have been feudatory to the Y ·35 1 Soļankı3 of Anbilvad. That the Solankı supremacy had been established in southern parts of Marwar at any rate, 19 proved by a copper plate charter in the possession of a Brahmana named Devaram at Balera, Sanchor District. It is dated in the reign of Mularaja, the first Soļankı sovereig, in sandal 1051 magha sudi 15, and speaks of a village called Varanaba as having beeu granted by that ruler The village is said to have been in the district of Satyapura, obviously Sanchor But, after the Paramaras, there can be no doubt that Sanchor and the surrounding district were occupied by Chohans, whose inscriptions are actually found there It was then invaded by the Biharı Pathans of Jalor who possessed it until they were expelled by Jehangır The latter granted it to Maharaja Sur Singh of Jodhpur in A. D 1628 From A D 1642 to 1698 it was again ruled over by the Chohans but in A D 1699 it was subjugated by Maharaja Ajit Singh of Jodhpur, and since then it has been incorporated in the Jodhpur territory 3 The only objects of archæological interest, at present existing at Sanchor, are an old mosque (Photos Nos 2896 97) and three stone pillar Inscriptions The first is in a poor state of preservation, and is built with materials obtained by demolishing old Hindu temples. It contains four stone inscriptions, two in Sanskrit, and two in Persian One of the Sanskrit inscript ons is dated samoat 1277 and records the erection of a mandapa or porch by a samghapate named Harischamdra The other bears the date sampat 1322 varshe raisakha rad. 13, refers itself to the reign of one Bhimadeva, ruler of Satyapura mahasthana, s e Sanchor, and speaks of certain repairs done to a chatushlika in the temple of Mahavira by an Osval Bhandarı of the name of Chhaghaka One of the Persian inscriptions records the foundation of the Jamı DIasjid in the reign of Nasır-ud-din, son and successor of Ala ud din Khilji on the first of the month of Muharram in 640 (?) The inscription, by the way, informs us that Sanchor was also named Mahmudabad 4 Of the pillar stone inscriptions mentioned above, two were found in the stables, and one in the prison, attached to the lachere They were evidently brought from some old ruins and used as materials for the buildings Those in the stables, though engraved on different pillars are really one and the same record, one being practically the continuation of the other " The first part, strange to say begins with the well known nandı or the benedictory stanza, with which Kalıdasa's Sakuntala commences It then sets forth the genealogy whose famıly appears to be an offshoot of f Nadol and Jalor Pratapasunha or Pat fe named Kamalladevi or haualadevi, Suhadaśalya ornament of the e of a falha of the Paraphras hem, one Umatwada 10 Malwa Pratapasımaha 19 mentioned as to have married the daughter of a neighbouring Paramara prince, who, in all probability, then ruled over Umtatı The inscription beira the date samoat 1444 carshe jyeshtha radio bhrigau, and records that Kamalladevi restored the temple of Vayeśvara, and made the gift of a field for the naivedya or daily offeriog to the deity The epigraph found in the prison room is dated samoat 1345 barshe hartıkka sud: 14 sonie in the reign of the Chohan king Sangatasimhadeva and speaks of certain Meharas, obviou ly Mers, named Prabha, Padana and Asapala as having mide a donation of eight dramnias in connection with the temple of Vayešvara. For this Sanvatasimha inscriptions have been found at Bhinmal • Classitication of monaments for consoration parposes i 83 fo.lows I -Those monumenta wbieh from the represent cond tion and historical or archæological of t 1 - 17 III - Those monuments wb ch from the r adranced stage of decay or comparat # 5% portance it is imposs ble or annecessary to preserve The montimenta in classes I and 11 are farther subdivided thus 1 (9) end II (a) --Sonaments in the possession or change of Government o ***** of wh ch Government hast undertake the cost of all meas tres of conger I (0)and II () foodments n the possess on or charge of pr ·36 ranging from about A. D. 1282 to A. D. 1289, but the late Professor Kielhorn, in his able and exhaustive paper on “the Chāhamānas of Naddula," was not able to assign an exact place to this prince in his genealogical table of this family. But in all the khyāts or bardic chronicles of Mārwār that I have seen, Samratasimlia is mentioned as a son of Chăchiga, whose inscription in the temple of Sümdhā mātā enabled Dr. Kielhurn to settle the relationship of the various Chalamāna kings, whose records have been discovered in Mārwār. As there is a perfect unanimity of all the Mârwār chronicles on this point, and there is nothing known from cpigraphic sources which runs counter to it, it is not unreasonable to hold that Samvatasińha was a son of, and succeeded, Cháchigadeva. 5. It will be seen from the above account that there was formerly an old Śaiva temple dedicated to Vāyęśvara at Sānchor, of which not a vestige now romains, and which furnished materials for the building of the kachers. But this was not the only temple existing at Sanchor; there was at least one more, not a Hindu, but a Jaina, fane. From the tirthakalpa of Jinaprabha, we learn tliat there was at Sánchor a celebrated Jaina temple, dedicated to Mahāvīra. He has given many details in connection therewith, which would be a little out of place here and consequently need not all be entered into. From the account it appears that the temple was then believed to have been originally built by Nähada of Manor,—doubtless the Nāhadrão Padihār of the Mārwär legends, even now connected with the latter place, that the original image of the tirthaikara was of brass, and was installed by Jajjigasūri, that the temple was tlırice in danger of being molested by the Muhammadans, and that it was at last attacked in A. D. 1310 by Alā-ud-din who carried off the image to Delhi and broke it to pieces. The first time that the temple was attacked was V. E. 1081 (A. D. 1024), which exactly corresponds in date to the invasion of Somanātha-Pattan by Mahmud of Ghazni. This iconoclast may perhaps have intended defiling this temple, but in no case is it to be supposed that such a powerful monarch, who successfully raided Somanātha, could have been foiled in his object, as Jinaprabha would have us believe, if he had actually commenced the work of sacking it. The temple was a second time in imminent danger of being pilfered by a king of Mālwā. But this king must have been a Mubanımadan, and he must have come near Sanchor at some time between A. D. 1024 and A. D. 1291, the dates of the first and the third raid against the temple. But what Muhammadan prioce ruled over Mālvā during this period is not known. Similarly, it is difficult to say who Kappbara was, that was approaching Sānchor for attacking the Jaina temple the third time, but fled away, taking the sound of the temple gongs for the noise of the Vāghelā king Sārangdeva's army. In no case is Malik Kafur to be thought of, for he began to rise to eminence only after A. D. 1297, six years later than the date of the third incursion. The expedition of Alaf Khan, brother of Alā-ud-din is well-described by Jinaprabha, and more fully dealt with than in the Tavārikh Ferishtā, but the date he specifies for the event is A. D. 1299, whereas that given in the Tawārīkh Ferishtā is A. D. 1297. As, however, Jinaprabha was a contemporary of these princes, and the event must have occurred during his life time, the date stated by him must be accepted as the true one. This time also Sānchor was saved from the Moslem sacrilege, but eleven years after, i. e. in A. D. 1310, it suffered pollution at their hands, and the idol in the shrine was carried off by Alā-ud-din in triumph. Here also there is a discrepancy about the dates. This event must have come to pass, when the forts of Siwaņā and Jālor in southern Mārwar were reduced by * Alā-ud-din's army. According to the Tawārīkh Ferishtā, this happened before A, D. 1309, and not in A. D. 1310 as specified by Jinaprabha. But as the latter was a contemporary witness of the event, the date assigned to it by him, must, therefore, be supposed to be the correct one. 6. From Sānchor we went to Bhinmāl, forty miles to the north-east of it. It is in the Jaswantpurā District and was for long the principal town of it. But when the rebellion of Sālji Kāņā of Loyāņā was quelled by Mahārāj Jaswantsingbji, Loyānā was called Jaswantpurā after him, and was made the capital of the district. The antiquities of Bhinmāl have been elaborately described by the late Sir James Campbell, and its inscriptions deciphered by Mr. A. M. Î. Jackson, I.C.S., Bhinmal.

·37 + in the Iistory of Gujarat, Appendix III, Bonbay Gazelleer, Vol I, Part 1, and what I have to say here is therefore not mich The principul objects of archaological interest apart from epigraphy are two (1) Jagum lera, the temple of Sury? and (2) an image under a tree on the northern bank of the Jal ob talar With regard to the first it appears, from Sir James Campbell's description and the plan attached thereto, that the northern side of this temple was intact in his time, but now the wh le building is completely demolished, and its pillarg, architraves and so forth were, I uas told, used for constructing the Police Superintendent's bungalov (Photos No. 2898 99) Thıs 19 but one of the numerous acts of vandalıemn practised in Marwar It is indeed a great pity that the temple has not been preserved It was certainly one of the earliest Surya temples in Rajputana, and would certainly have, if preserved, shed somo liglit upon not only the architecture but also on the religious condition and tribal migrations of the period All that we can now know about this temple 18 gleaned from the Srimala mahatmya and Bhiomal inscriptions The first informs us that Yayatı, son of Nahusha, once upon a time, came to Srimala (Bhinmal) to perform religious austerities, which were so severe and rigid that the god Surya manifested himself to him on the 7th of the bright fortnight of Asvipa At the request of Yayatı, the god was pleased to make Srimula his abode In front of his temple was a wooden torana or ornamental arch, which was brought from heaven by the celestial architect And the god ordained that he should be called Jagat svami (lord of the worlds), and a festival should be held in his honour on the date, on which he was visible to Yayatı Thero can hardly be a doubt that there was a torana of wood in front of Surya s temple in Bhinmal, and, 13 it is represented to have been brought from heaven at must liave been considered very old at the time when the Srimala mahatmya w18 composed Secondly, that Surya was known by the name of Jajalsdanıt 19 confirmed by the inscriptions In almost all the inscriptions that have been so far traced as belonging to thus temple, the god has been called Jagatsvimi and the festival in the month of Asvina is again and again referred to Various dates of this month have been specified on which balı or oblation was to be offered, and, for the permanent maintenance of this worship, various gifts have been recorded by persons of different distinctions One of these inscriptions deserves some notice It is the one dated samoat 1117_mugha Sud: 6 ravart, and referring itself to the reign of the Parawara krog, Krishna. raja It tells us that the temple of Jagatavamı was repured by certain persons, of whom two were of the Dharkata, and one of the Priorita, ciste Dharknta is obviously the same as Dhahad, a sub-division of the Osvals, and Pragvata the same as Porvad Both the Osvals and Porva ls were then as now Jainis, and it is indeed curious that they contributed to the repairs of the temple Nay, we are distinctly told in that inscription that they restored the tumple after inducing kings, princes, Brahman19 Mahajanas (Banias), and citizens 'to resort to Saura dharma, i e the worship of the sun l'his means that, about the middle of the 11th century at any rate, Surya tvorship was a common rel gious ground for both Hindus and Jainas to meet and make boncfactions ujon 7 The other object of antiquarian interest at Blinmal 19, as mentioned above, the image (Photo No 2902) under a tree on the north biok of the Jalob talan (Photo No 2901) Jal ob, it will be seen, 19 a corruption of Yakshakupa, e the pit or hollow of Yaksha An account of this tank also has been set forth in the Srimala-mahatmya In the Treta yuga, Ravana attached Kailaga, harassed Sisa's followers, fought with Kubern, destroyed his army of the Yakshas, and sent back with immense booty, the principal object amongst which was the Pushpala pimana, or aerial car, of Kubera The latter became disconsolate, and began to devise some means to regain luis cimana He repaired to 'Bhinmal, excavated a liollow under the ground, and commenced religious nusterities Although deserted by his followers one by one, he did not relix hus rigour, which ultinntels propitnted Brahma Brahma informed hun that a son to Daſartha, cı: Runa, would be born, isbo would be an incarna tion of Vishnu, and that he would kill Ruina and restore Pushpaha to him. At Kubera's request, Brahma aromed that the place, where he performed austeritics, would be called Yalsha hupa after him Kabera thereupon left the place, after retaining an anba or portion of his there. The image under the jare is of Kabera, although t * In spite of what the aod co Tappa as 761-10 8 UU) ·38 Sir James, the figure is not of the king who pursued and killed Sātkā, but of Kubera. Many such images of Kubera were found by me last year in the temples of Osiñ, and that in the temple of Piplädevi, in particular, exactly resembles the one in question. The image of Kubera found at Bhinināl, therefore, inost probalily belongs to the 10th century, which certainly accords with the deep and artistic carving of it. 8. The Srimüla-mühülmya mentions several other sacred places at , Bhinnal, and though more than three-fourths of them can be traced even now, I did not light upon any ancient rennins anywhere here. Of course, for nearly a mile and a half on all sides of Bhinmal are found in abundance odbricks of umusually large size, and in the Dadeli well near Ghazni Khan's tomb have bicoli stuck up one or two pilasters of about the 9th century (Photo, No. 2904). Boyond these I was not able to trace any objects of archæological interest at Bhinmal. There are, howorer, inscriptions, of which no less than sixteen were found by Sir James Campbell, and I was furtunate enough to find two more. That which is nun:bered II in the Bhinmal account of the Bombay Gazetteer is really dated in sai 1186 ashitha sudi 10, and refers itself to the reign of the Chaulukyn king, Siddharaja. Then two inscriptions are dated in the reign of the l'aramára king, Krishnarāja, who, in one of them, is said to be the son of Dhandhuka and grandson of Devarāja. The dates for hiin are V. E. 1117 (41. 1). 1060) and V. E. 1123 (A. D. 1066). It can hardly be doubted that he must have been a brother of the Parnmāra prince, Purņapāla, who was also a son of Dhandhukn, and for whom we have the dates V. E. 1099 (A. D. 1042) and V. 19. 1102 (A. D. 10.15). Both the dates and the names of the fathers agree with one another. Krishnarāja must, therefore, be taken to be a younger brother, and successor, of Purņapāla. The discrepancy in the names o their grandfathers--that of Krishnaraja's being Devarāja and that of Pūrņapala's being, JInhipāla--is not of any importance, as we hinre several instances of one and the same prince bearing more than one name, not only identical in meafning but also distinct from one another. It was no doubt this Krishịarāja, who was taken captive hy the Chaulukya king Bhimadeva I, and was liberated by the Vädol Chohin Balaprasāda, ns appears from the Sundhā hill inscription. We know from a llount Ābu inscription that Dhandhuka, who was reigning at Chandrirati, was at enmity with Bhimadeva I, and was made to flee to Dhär and seck protection from Bhoja by Vimala, despatched by the Chaulukya sovereign. "From Vimala's charitra itself, we learn that he was afterwards stationed at Chandravati by Bhimadera. When Chandrāvati was thus lost to the Paramāras, Pürnapala, son of Dhandhuka, re-established the Paramāra power, and made Vata or Vasantgadh, about 30 miles north-east of Chandrāvatī, liis capital. Pūrnapála nuust have been succeeded by his brother Krishộarāja, who also must have reigned at Vasantgach, and whose dominions must doubtless have included Bhinmal and the surrounding district, as no less than two inscriptions have been discovered at the latter place. What happened to this Paramāra line afterwards is not certain, but it must, in all probability, have been supplanted by the Chohāns of Nádol and Jālor, whose inscriptions we find all over southern and south-eastern parts of Mārwar immediately succeeding chronologically those of the Paramāras. Of these than thirteen inscriptions are found in Bhinnāl, of which eleven have been published in the Bombay Gazetteer, and two are new and were discovered by me. The earliest of them is dated V. E. 1239 (A. D. 1183), and belongs to the reign of Nahārājaputra Sri-Jayatasiha. The latter must, in all likelihood, be the sanie as Dlahārājādhiraja Sri-Jayatasigha-deva of Nadūla (Nádol), for whom the date V. E. 1251 (A. D. 1194) has been supplied by a Sādadi inscription. In V. E. 1239 he was probably a yuvarāja, or heir-apparent, holding Srimāla and the surrounding district, and has, therefore, been called mahā- · räjaputra only in the Bhinmāl inscription. After hin we have Udayasimha, for whom we have inscriptions ranging from V. E. 1274 (A. D. 1217) to V. E. 1306 (A. C. 1249). Udayasimha was succeeded by his son mahārājakula Sri-Chāchigadeva, whose inscriptions bear the dates V. E. 1328, 1333 and 1334, corresponding to A. D. 1271, 1276 and 1277 respectively. After him came to the throne his son mahārājakula Sāmvatasimha, for whom the Bhinmālinscriptions furnish dates ranging from V. E. 1339 to 1345, 1. e. from A. D. 1282 to 1289. The title mahārājakula, which these two kings bore, is curious. This title was not restrioted to this family only, but we find it adopted by kings of other dynasties also. Thus Somasimha, son of Dhārāvarsha, of the Paramāra dynasty, styles himself mahārājakula. Again, the kings of the Geblot dynasty no less ·39 of Udaipur, from Bappa to Ratansi, were all known as Ravals, and the princes of Jesalmer still call themselves Ravals I am inclined to think that this was at first a religious, rather than a political, title, and that it is somehow connected with the Ravil, a Saiva sect well-known not ouly in Muwar and Mewar but also in Vaharashtra and Gujarat I hope soon to write elsewhere in detail upon this conclusion by stating my reasons, which cannut, properly speaking, be specified here 9 So far with regard to the ancient Hindu remains to be found in Bhinmal While there I was wondering whether there were any of a Jainz temple On the north bank of the Jakob talav is Ghazi Khan s tomb arnidst the ruins of an old structure (Photo No 2903) On a fallen pillar is engraved an inscription, dated V E 1333, and pertaining to the reign of Chachigadeva It speaks of Purnachandrasuri of the Parapadra gachchha, and records the benefaction of 13 drammas and 7 oim šopalas for the annual worship of Mahavira on the 14th of the bright half of Aévina It thus seems that here we have the relics of a temple dedicated to Mahavırı But, amidst these remains, not a single sculpture could be traced, which was decidedly Jaina I took several turns round about these ruins and was at last successful in finding out an old arch with a Jina carved inside, in a wall of the outlet sluice of the Jakob talad (Photo No 2905) The inscription, just referred to, begins with a verse, which tells us that Maharıra in person had come to Srimala The Hindu traditions regarding the dissemination of Jainism are, on the other hand, different The Srimala muhutmya says that once upon a time for seven consecutive years a famine was raging and the people of Srimala (Bhinnıl), not knowing what to do approached the Bralımanas, and requested them to find out some remedy, The people, headed by the Brahmanas, went, at the bidding of the latter, to the hermitage of Gotama, who was duly apprised of the object of their visit Gotama used to sow seeds early every morning and prepare bist meals in the noon out of the rice grains from their harvest By this miraculous power he sased the lives of the people during the famine years Then there were good ruins and there was a plentitude of food and water, the wives of the Brahmanas said to them Now that we were protected for seven years by Gotama, his wife Ahalya will be twitting us constantly, by saying that had it not been for ber husband, all would have perished' Being thus instigated by their wives, the Brahmanas began to deliberate as to how they might bring Gotamu into trouble They prepared an artı fical cow and placed ber near the rice grams of Gotama The latter to prevent her from consuming the provisions, pushed her, with the result that she dropped on the ground, and tlo Brahmanas proclaimed everywhere that the cow was killed by Gotama, and threatened him with escommunication, unless he bathed in the Ganges and the Godavari one hundred and eight times, and, putting on the bide of the cow, circum ambulated the earth The first item of the penance ordained 28 rigorously fulfilled, but Gotama refused to wear the hide, and consequently was expelled from his custe He approached the goddess Lakshmi, tutelary deity of Srimala and complained to her of the ill treatment accorded to him She ordered him to ombrace and spread Jainism, and sud that, when the people go up worship of Vishnu and became Jainas, she herself would quit Srım ila He accordingly vir be 3 of their means of livelihood The goddess asked them to go to Gotma, and try to divert him froin his purpose But their entreaties had no effect on Gotama, and lie, accompanied by his wife, went to Kashnur There Malavıra converted him to his faith He came back to Srimala On hearing of lus artırıl tlie Vaissas came out to meet him Most of them were prosely tisod, and they built an asrama for him in the Ten Door Locality (daśa doara sthanala) incre le coinposed halpa-sutra, Bhagavali sutra Johavira janma sutra, and many other worhs He also established 81 gachchhas, of which Tapagachchha 19 the most Such as the origin of the dissemination of Jainisma in Srimala, as furnished by the Purana 10 The above account of the sprerd of Jainism in Bhinmal has been given in the last but one chapter of the Sri nala mahulnya The last chapter 41 1 pre eminent ·40 describes liow the name Śrīnāla was changed into Bhingamála. There was a banin of the name Sunanda in Pattınāpura (Pātnā). He came to Srimāla, and propitiated the goddess Lakshmi by his religious austerities. Being asked to select a boon, he asked for the permanent residence of the goddess in Pátņā. Thereupon the goddess promised to go to Pattana in the Gurjara country. But, without the consent of a Brāhmana, she could not go. Accordingly, she infatuated a Brāhmaṇa of the Bhäradvāja gotra, and said that, if he permitted her to go to the Gurjarn country, Sunanda would reward him handsomely. The Brălmaņa took no less than nine lacs of nishka coins, and then permitted her to tro. When this news reached the ears of the other Brāhmaṇas, they were wrath and asked him what privilege he had of giving the permission without consulting them. But here the goddess interposed, and said that she herself' was desirous of leaving Srimāla for the Gurjarà country. Accordingly in the Vikrama year 1205 on the 8th of the bright half of Vaišākha, she repaired to l'attaņa in Khanda-Gurjara. With the goddess went away most of the people. The place was thus shorn of its splendour, and became known by the name of Bhinnamála. Like the Puranas, the Srimála-Māhātmya speaks of all these things in the prophetic strain, as if it were existing at the beginning of the Creation, but the date of the removal of the image of Lakshmi unmistakably shows that it could not have been composed before A. D. 1148. The same conclusion is pointed to by the wention of Tapāgachchha, which name was brought into existence by Jagachchandrasūri in V. E. 1285 (A. D. 1228 11. I have not yet touched the question whether the Pi-lo-mo-lo of the Chinese traveller Yuan-cliwang is Bhinmal, as accepted by many antiquarians of repute. To their vicw exception might with some force be taken on the ground that Bhinmal was not the original name of the place, that in the inscriptions it has been called Śrimāla only, and that the Srimala-mahatmya, as we have just scen, tells us that the name Bhinnamāla was substituted for Śrīmāla only in A. D. 1148, when the place was deserted by its tutelary deity, Lakshmi. As no great antiquity can thus be assigned to the name Bhinmāl, of which Pi-lo. ino-lo was the Chinese form, it might be argued that the view had no solid grounds to stand upon. I myself expressed this dissent some years ago, but now I think that the objection, so raised to the identification of Pi-lo-mo-lo with Bhinmāl, is, after all, not formidable. In the first place, it might be reasonably suspected, in the case of all names of places which are found in inscriptions or works composed after Christ, and which sound Sanskrit to the ears, whether they were really the original names, and not the Sanskritised forms of the local names, as is too often the case. Secondly, the name Srimāla, though it has a Sanskrit look about it, does not, naturally and without being far-fetched, convey any sense to the mind, The Sanskrit-looking name Bhinnamāla also is open to the same objection, and must, therefore, be taken as indicating an attempt to Sanskritise the real name Bhinmal. These considerations shew that Bhinmäl, or Bhilmäl, as it is also sometimes called, was the original name of the place, and Srimāla and Bhinnamāla are surely the Sanskritised forms of it. Again, the details given by the Chinese pilgrim about Pi-lo-mo-lo suit Bhinnāl only. In the first place, he says that Pi-lo-no-lo was 1800 li, north of Valabhi. Valabhi is modern Vaļā in Kathiā wād, and 1800 li correspond to 300 English miles, It must be borne in mind that this is the distance to be traversed by roads, and it must consequently be much more than that we ordinarily obtain from maps by drawing a straight line, My experience about travelling in Mārwār is that, by adding to the map distance at least its one-fourth, we get the approximate distance by road. If so, the distance 1800 li, i, e. 300 miles, becomes a little less than 225, which we must, therefore, suppose to be the approximate map distance between Valā and Bhinmal, presuming that Pi-lo-mo-lo is Bhinmāl. And, as a matter of fact, the map distance between the two places comes to 215 miles. The distance thus specified by Yuan-chwang fits here excellently. Secondly, the Chinese traveller says: The produce of the soil and the manners of the people resemble those of Surāshtra. T'he population is dense ; the establishments are rich and well supplied with materials (wealth).” This also holds good in the case of Bhinmāl, the soil, the manners, and even the language of the people bearing a close correspondence to Gujarātī. Thirdly, he says that the traveller going from ·41 Maheśvarapura to Sindh has to go through the country of Gurjara, of which P-lo mo lo lo the capital, and then to proceed northward through wild deserts This also suits Bhinmal perfectly, for Bhinmal is so far south in Marwar that a person going to Siodh has really to travel north-westwards, and pass through the sandy regions of Mallanı All things considered, the identification of Pı lo mo lo sath Bhinmal, first proposed by Colonel Watson and afterwards uplıeld by such antiquarians and scholars as Dr. Buhler and Mr A. M. T Jackson, stands incontestable. BOMBAY 12 So far with regard to the places we visited in the month of April BROACH last year. This year our touring commenced with Broach Two years ago, my father Dr R G Bhandır. har received an ez e copy of a copper plate inscription from the Collector of Broach through the Secretary to the Bombay Asiatic Society At first I took it for an inscription of a Valabhi prince, and consequently took no further notice of it. Last year, however, the impression was agun examined, and I found that the inscription belonged to a really different dynasty. So I made it convenient to visit Broach this year, and inspect the copper plates in person, as they could not be sent to Poona even on loan, the owner being loath to part with them. The copper plates were found in a field at Hansot a well known place in the Broach collectorate 'Ibey were struck by a ploughshare, a a man was cultivating his field The plates were brought to Broach from Hansot by the owner Suhla Dalpatram On deciphering the inscription, I found that it was the same as that referred to by the late Professor Kielhorn in his paper on the "Chahamanns of Naddula” as furnishing a specific date for a prince named a Chahamana prince called was Maheśvaraduma, then ivadla, after him his son then his son Bhartrivad la II, the grantor of the present charter. The village granted 13 Arjunadevi grana situated in the district Ahruressara, now known as Anklesar in Broach That portion of the inscription, where the pines of the grantors were engraved, has obviously been tampered with, and hence the difficulty in deciphering it satis. factorily Bhartrıvanda II, as appears from his titles, was a feudatory chref. tain and he made the grant on the day of a solir eclipse, while staying at Bhrigubachchha, z e Brouch. The inscription is dated in the year 813, and refers itself to the reign of Nagavalola The date, if referred to the Vikramı era, as seems reasonable, becomes equivalent to A, D 756. Again, who this Nagavaloka was is uncertain, but having regard for the fact that araloka has so far been found used as a suffix to the Rashtrakuta names, it seems tenipting to suppose that he was a Rashtra uta king He again appears to be the same Na avaloha as that mentioned in the larsha inscription as the parımount sovereign of Guvaka I, one of the predecessors of Vigraharaja, a Chahamana, to whose reign it belongs If so, Nagaraloka appears to be a supremeftuler, wield. ing sway not only over Rajputana but also over Gujarat 13 While at Broach, I took impressions of another copper plate which bears an Oriy inscription in Oriy? char icters It belongs to a Gujarati ho, as I was told, found it on the back of the Narmadı Vhat the contents of the inscription are I am not anare of, but I have sent the impressions to Dr Konow, Government Epigraphist, who will certainly do the needful in this matter. 14 From Broich I went to Karri, which is in the Dabhoi Sub-division of the Baroda District, Baroda State Secing that my KARVAN prper on Lahuli'a attracted notice from such able European scholars as Dr I let and Mons A Barth, who have written approsmy vicks in the Jour R. As Soc 1907, p 419 F and comptus rendus des seances de l Académie des inscriptiones el Belles Lettres, 1906, respect- Irely, and being also advised by Jr Marshall, Director General of Archrolo:y, to prosecute my researches in this matter, I seized tlus golden opportunity of v iting Karrin. Most of my expectations were fully realisco In the first place, I was able to secure the local muhatnya, and obtain a copy of at The work is certainly a much later production, and the US. of it was full of D706-11 ingly of ·42 clerical errors. Nevertheless, it is of some importance. The māhātmya begins with an invocation to Lakuțapāņi, i. e. to the god who bears a staff in his hand. This shews that the explanation of the origin of the name Lakulisa, first proposed by Dr. Bühler, is correct. Next, in Chapter III Lakulīša is described as holding a staff in his left and a citron (bījapūraka) in his right hand. description of this god is also given in a work called Västrośāstra, which is in the А. Dekkan College Library. Therein also he is represented as holding a citron (mātulinga) in his right hand and a staff in his left. There can, therefore, be no doubt that the round object held by the images of Lakulīša, which I found in Rājputānā, must be the fruit citron. There are many other minor points connected with the worship of Lakulīša, which are elucidated in the mähátnya, but which are too numerous to mention here. Secondly, there is still a temple in Kārvāṇ dedicated to Nakleśvar. And although it is explained by the ignorant people there as meaning "the spotless god,” there cannot be even the shadow of à doubt that it is Lakulīśvara, exactly the same as Lakulisa. If any proof were needed, it is furnished by the image, in the sanctum and in the principal niche at the back on the exterior, which are all doubtless of Lakulīsa (Photos. Nos. 2906-07). These images, however, are very modern, but we have another of a somewhat earlier age called Rājrājeśvar (Photo. No. 2917). It is said that is was dug out of a soil by the uncle of the present Patel, to whone the spot was made known by the god in a dream. This is also an excellent image of Lakulisa, though, as just said, not very old. Thirdly, Kārvāņ has been called Kāyāvirohaņa in the māhātmya, which is certainly a mistake for Kāyāvarohaņa. Near the temple of Parcheśvara in Kārvāṇ is an old pilaster of 9th century, with, however, an inscription incised on it of not more than two centuries old (Photo. No, 2915). It speaks of a certain sage named Virabhadrarāsi, who observed the vow of silence for twelve years in Kāyāvarohaņa. This, therefore, shews that Kāyāvarohaņa, or Kāyāroha as mentioned elsewhere, is no other than Kārvāṇ. An article will soon be contributed by me to the Archeological Annual, in which these and other points connected with Lakulīša, not touched upon in paper, will be dealt with, with more details, and as it will be accompanied by illustrations, it will add great interest to the subject. 15. The temple of Nakleśvar (Lakulīśvara) is not the only object of archæological interest at Kārvāṇ, Near Pancheśvara, into the entrance to ovare or flight of steps near Kāśi-kunda have been stuck up the jambs of an old doorframe. Each has three mouldings, and those at the ends are each divided into four panels, surmounted by a kirtimukha, with, in the case of one (proper left jamb), a fluted portion of the shaft. In the panels of the jamb on the proper right are from the top (1) a goddess seated on a throne supported by two lions at the ends, and with four hands, two holding a sword and a shield, and the remaining a rosary and a lotus, (2) a: standing Sūrya, (3) a domestic scene of a male seated on a throne and a female on a foot-stool, and (4) a standing Siva (Photo. No. 2913). On the outermost moulding of the other jamb are from the top (1) a figure seated on apparently a Garuda,* but with two hands, one empty and the other bearing a bird on the palm, (2) a standing Vishiņu, (3) another home scene similar to that just referred to, and (4) a standing Siva (Photo No. 2914). On the innermost mouldings are at the bottom Yamunā and Gangā, on the proper right and left respectively. 16. Besides this carved doorway,"? 'the temples of Vșiddheśvara and Sindbyāı-mātà (Photos. Nos. 2916 and 2909) are pointed out by the villagers as of some importance, both the divinities being alluded to in the Kārvāṇ māhātmya. Their temples, like that of Nakleśvar, are mere brick work coated with plaster, and cannot be earlier than the fourteenth century. In front of the temple of Sindhvăi are, beneath a banyan tree, a few broken images of the saptamåtris or the Seven Mothers (Photo. No, 2910). Broken images have also been stored in the courtyard of the temple of Nakleśvar (Photo. No. 2908). Those of Kārtikeya, Varáha, and Agni can easily be identified. A Brāhmaņa at Kārvāṇ, however, told me in all seriousness that the last was of a Nága damsel. The fames of Agni carved behind were no doubt mistaken by him for the hoods of a serpent. But, if he had exercised a little conimon sense, he could at least have seen that it was a male, and not a female, figure. Of one sculpture only the lower half remains, but on it be observed seven horses may * I do vot remember to have been Garnda represented wholly as a bird.-H. C. my previous ·43 restruined by a bridle going higher up It was doubtless an image of Surga The last but not the least object of interest is the talk or tanh, which is sncred to the memory of Labulisa (Photo. No 2911) On the east bank of it is a mutlılated image, which is curious The lower part of the body 1 gone, and of the upper, the left hand 15 completely destroyed On the right arm may be been an ornament The image has long ear lobes, with heavy ear rings hanging from them It has bushy mustaches and a long beard, the end of which is tied into a knot (Photo No 2912) The villagers do not know those imago it 19 nor can even 1 surmise be made as to those it can be JODHPUR STATE. 17. After Icaving Karvan I resumed my usual work in Nurmir, cu: that of obtaining information for the Lists of Remains in Rajputanı The first PALI place visited here was Pali, which is the principal tonn of the district of the same name It was visited more than seventy-five years ago by Lieutenant-Colonel Tod who has given a glowing description of it in Personal Narrative of his Annals and Antiqurlies of Rajasthan, Vol I “Palli,' says he, "like Bhilwarr, Jbalrapattan, Kinnie, and other marts, enjoys the right of electing its own magistrite, both for its municipal regulations, and the arbitration of all matters connected with commercial pursuits Like Bhilwara Palli has its own currency, which amidst universal deterioration, it has retained unabused Iron remote times, Pallı has been the connecting Imb between the ser coist and northern India Commercial houses established at \uscat-Vandari, Surat, and Noapuggur transmit the products of Persia, Arabıı Africa, and Lurope, receiving those of India and Thubet The exports of home pr duction are the two staple articles of salt and troollens to which we may add coarse cotton cloths and paper made in the town of Pallı The loocs or blankets, are disseminated throughout India, and may be had at from four to sixty rupees per pair, scarfs and turbads are of the came material, but not for esportation 18 Time, however, unfortunately for Pali, has wrought many changes for the worse, and it no longer enjoys the semi independence that it did in Tod's time It is not as much subject to the direct control of a H him or Collector as any district town in the Jodhpur State Again it is no longer a centre of trade It is not clear what Tod means by sasing that Pali' had its own currency In days gone by, as non, Pili was one of the wint towns in Marwar, but its coins in no se differed from those struch elsen here, except in the name of the mint town, nor were the coins issued at Pili specially called after it Pali has, however still retared somno importar cu with regard to a few home made products, which are, again, not tho articles mentioned by lod It 19 now fimous for Chlupp commodities, & c cloth for coverlet, head scarf an i so forth, but specially for ivory worh, being, in that particular, as much celebrated as Alertni in the whole of Varnar But, in 11] other respects it has been shorn of its previous independence and prosperity, and it was but last year that it was smarting under a terrific ]n38 crused by heavy down pours of rain so unprecedented in Vars ir, no less than 500 houses, I am told, having given way 19 There can, however, be no doubt that formerly, long before esen Tod s - importance Palt is sud to have given its scilled Pallırals They nro generally hnown 1 Outside Maru ar they have taken W18 a very crten If any ono of their caste came frm outside to settle there, he was ren a rupe and a brick by each one of these families, which onde the non comer at once a lalhpats (possessor of a lahh of rupees), and enabl xt] lum to build a innsion + the role After the overthros of his run ler of the prxent rulo, Rithoi bilgrimage, an lon his way inch 24 he şthe Pallav ils, who were then buin: 0 1 on him I!

·44 infested by Mers and Menās. This he did with alacrity, and was rewarded by them with many lands. Soon after, however, at the instigation of one of his consorts, a Solankiņi, he slaughtered the leaders of the Pallīvāls on the Holi day, and made himself master of Pāli and the surrounding regions. We afterwards hear of Pālī being attacked by an army of a Ghori emperor. For long the Muhammadan arms were not crowned with success. Thereupon on a ralchi full-moon day, they killed some cows, and threw their flesh into the tank, which supplied water to the people of the town, On perceiving this irreligious spectacle with horror, the Pallīvāls fung the gates open and fled pell-mell in two directions. As prophesied by their forefathers, those, who took to their heels and escaped by the western gate, are now tilling lands and leading a life of penury and drudgery, but those who sallied forth from the eastern gate, cutting their way through the Muhammadan ranks, have risen to opulence and power. It is said that the sacred threads of those slain by the Muhammadans weighed six maunds, whereas the bangles of their consorts who went sati with them weighed eighty-four maunds. As the descendants of Siyaji extended their dominions, Pålī appears to have been given as janägir to a Sonagarā Chohān chief by one of the Rathod sovereigns, but when this happened is not exactly known. Certain it is, as the inscriptions in the Jaina Naulākbā temple tell us, that it was in V. E. 1686 in the possession of a Sonagarā, named Jagannātha, son of Jasavanta, during the reign of Gajasimhaji. When, after the death of Jaswantji, son of this Gajasimhaji, the Rāthod kingdom was seized by Aurangzeb, the Pāli Sonagarās owed fealty to the Muhammadan emperor. After the demise of the latter, Ajitsinghji, son of Jaswantsinghji, succeeded in regaining his paternal dominions, but he bestowed Päli on a Champāvat Rāthod; and granted instead some lands in the village of Deņdā to the Sonagarās, who left the place with the old image of Anandakaranji, their tutelary deity in Pālī. The Champāvats continued to hold it till V. E. 1818, when Vijaysinghji established a mandi at Pālī, i. e. turned it into an emporium, and gave the village of Khimvādā and others to the Champávals. As a centre of trade, Pāli continued to increase in importance, and it was in the height of its prosperity when Tod visited it. 20. The old temples at Pāli have been described by Garrick in the Archeol. Survey Rep. Vol. XXIII, but beyond giving measurements of the various parts of the temples as a draftsman would do, he does not appear to have given anything to interest the general antiquarian. Besides, he found only two ancient temples at Pālī, that of Somanātha and the Jaina temple called Naulākbã. He failed to perceive that there were two more ancient fanes, one in the close vicinity of Somanātha called that of Anandakaranji, and the other outside the town called that of Pātāleśvara. From a Brahmanical point of view, the most noteworthy of the temples at Pālī is that of Somanātha (Photo. No. 2920). The latter is really a central temple surrounded by seven attendant shrives, all lying in a courtyard enclosed by walls. The first thing, that arrests the attention of an observer here, is that both the inside and outside of the structures are thickly coated with plaster so that what of the original has remained can but with oifficulty be recognized. The central temple faces the east, and consists of a sanctum, upen sabhāmaņdapa and porch. On the dedicatory block of the shrine is Ganesa, and above are sculptured the navagraha. The jambs and the lintel are inlaid with glass. The hall and the porch are supported by short pillars l'esting on a parapet wall running all round except at the entrance. All these pillars except one resemble those of the Modherā temple in style, though perhaps not of the same fine workmanship. The exception is with regard to a pillar on the extreme south-east side, which appears to have been brought and put in from an old temple of the 9th century. The outside of the whole sabhāmandapa and porch shews signs of having been repaired, and of the exterior of the shrine the spire is modern, but the walls are old, though thick coatings of plaster, as I have just said, have concealed their true original form. In the principal niches facing the north, west, and south are Chāmundā, Națeśa, and Bhairava respectively (Photo. No. 2921). 21. Of the subsidiary structures, that in the north-east corner is that of Annapūrņā Near it is a chhatri resting on four pillars, which undoubtedly are of the Osiā type and of the 9th or 10th century (Photo No. 2922). In the north-west corner is the shrine of Ganapati, and, near it, i. e. at the back of ·the central temple, that of Ambr mata Turther, in the south-west corner is the shrine of Surya, who is sculptured as seated on a chariot, drawn by seren lorses with Aruna in front of him driving them This whole sculpture is of marble Between the shrine of Surya and the central temple is a small raised dais, on which is a small trunk of a tree corered with gold and silver leaf and worshipped as Sanı, the god Saturn In the south-enst corner is the shrine of Chaturbhuja (Vishnu). From the western wall of the enclosure between the shrines of Surya aod Ambr mata projects in relief a small Muharpmadan mosque, with reference to hicb Garrich says the following “Religious toleration, it must be acknowledged, could not well exceed the limts ta shich it la carried in Puli, for here, as well as in the other five Jaina temples, we find mosques inside the courtyard' Anybody can perceive at a glance that what Garrici hrs said caunot be truc The mosque erected here as elsew here does not shen the roli gious toleration of the people, but rather the ruse, to which they had recourse, for preserving their totuples from the afoslem iconoclastic fury. 22 In the sabhamandapa of the central temple on i pilaster close by the sanctum has been engraved an inscription, which unfortunately 18 very much effaced A sufficient portion of it, however, remains to shew that it was dated samoat 1209 gyeshtha dadı 4 and referred itself to the reign of the Chiuluhya sovereign Kumarapala Palı 18 spol en of therein as Pallıla grama 1 he epigraph had been whitewashed with the building, and it was but by 2 luchy accident that it was discovered. The inscription has not been noticed by Garrich 23 Just near this temple, and a little to the north of it is that of Ananda- 1 aranji In the outside wall have been stuck up two or three pilasters of the Osia style Inside, excepting the sabhamandapa, nothing is ancient (Photo No 2023) The image in the sanctum is modern, the original one liaving been tal en away, as mentioned before, by the Sonngaras, when they were driven out by Ajitsingh 24 The third temple is that hnown as Naulaklı It is obviously a Jaina fane and is looked after by the paſcha of the Mah jans The Mahajıns of Palı were very rondy and suspicious, and their rowdiness once went to such a length that they provented us photographing the temple and making transcripts of inscriptions carved below Janna iwa, es The local Habim had to be inforined of this, and they were then made tractable Just at the cntrance a board is kept hanging, issuing injunctions to those entering the temple pretincts One of them forbids the people to talk of worldly matters aud, yet on the very first day that I went there, some of the Jarbas ncre asking me wh ther there were any spots round about Palı, ishere excavations might field concealed trezsures 1 22 The temple of Naulahbr is in plan liko many Jaina turn's and there is nothing particular here that calls for any notice (Photo No. 9'!) Iti doubtless an old building that lias undergone repurs The me quent per "llo prilar of Econf, Birr kwatery 1922. 5d engraved on which range from V E 1144 to 120L. Ghi dated Sanı 1141 magha sudı 11, and speaks of ? and Rampradcui as having caused to be made templo of Viran ithin in the khannaha of Puerto 1 resi lents of Tallih, s e Pull That which both gise the date sartz' a prir of images of the Jinas Impression torthandaras, was presented the B 70-12 ·5 Pārsvanitha 4.6 religious merit by mahimülya Sri-Prithvipāla, son of mahāmātya Sri-Ananda. From these inscriptions it will be seen that the temple liad originally been dedicated to Malāvīra, though now the principal image installed in the sanctum is of Pārsvanātha. This change must have been brought about by an invasion of the Muhammadans, who came to Pāli and devastated the temple. According to the tradition mentioned before, Pāli lind been attacked by a Ghori king. And from the Tamirikh Herisht i also, it appears that Qutbu-d-Din I-bak, slave of Dluhammad Ghori, was the only Muhammadan emperor who captured Pālī. In A. D. 1196, we are told, Quitbu-d-Din, on his way to Anbilvād took “the forts of Baly and Nadolo.” Nadole is evidently Nadol, a place of very great importance and one of the pañcha-tirtha of the Jainas, in the Desuri District of Gorrad!, in the Jodhpur State. Baly no doubt at first sight seems to be the same as Bāli, the principal town of the district of the same name in Godvád also. But this identification cannot be satisfactory. Báli is not far off, and is hardly even one day's march, from Näilol; whereas as Qutbu-d-Din is represented to have captured ihese forts on his way from Ajmer to Anhilvād, it appears thnt they were separated from cach other by a much longer distance. Again, in old lays Bali was not of much importance, and the fort at Bāli was built about the close of the 19th century by the present ruling family of Jodhpur. Páli, on the other hand, was a place of great celebrity in ancient days, and is incntioned as one of the nara- iota or Nine Forts of Mārvār. There can, therefore, hardly be a doubt as to Baly' of the Ferishtă standing for Päli here. When Pali was thus in the hands of the Muhammadans, the Jaina temple must doubtless have suffered from their iconoclastic fury. And when the time came for renovating it, the name of the tirthamkara, to whom it was sledicated, was probably forgotten. Certain it is that the present image of us, in sanoat 1686 vorshe raisiklia sudi 8 sanau, when Gajasimha was reigning and Amarasimha was leir-apparent. At that time, we are told, Pāli was held by a Chahamāna named Jagannatha, son of Jasavajta. The image was caused to be made by the two brothers Pungara and Bhākhara, residents of Páli itselt, and belonging to the śrīmāla casto. We aro informed by the way that the temple was known as Navalākhū, and that it was repaired by the two bania brothers before the image was placed. The image itself was installed by Śri- Vijayadeva-uri of the Tapāgachchha in conjunction with acharya Vijayasimha and other followers. On the proper right of this image is another, of Mahavira, caused to be made by the sitrudhāra brothers of Vedatā, i. e. Mertā, and on the proper left, of Supăráva by Bhakbara himself, both installed' by Sri. Vijayadeva-sūri on the aforesaid date, 26. To the north-cast of the town is a fourth temple known as that of Pátálcsvara-Mahadeva, which is the oldest of the temples at present existing in Páli (Photo. No, 2918). It stands in a courtyard, the wall of which touches and conceals the cast side of the temple. The shrive door is modern, and on the lintel are three figures, most probably three of the navagraha. The sabhāa mandlapa also is modern, except for one pillar and one pilaster which are of the Osiä style. The basement mouldings are very old, perhaps of the 8th century. The outside walls are plain except for one wiche on the west, the image in which is mutilated. The niche at the back seems to have been taken out, and whether there was any on the east it is impossible to say, as that portion of the temple is concealed behind the court wall. The south-east mouldings of the temple are marked in red lead with quite a number of sati hands. The spire is modern, but, curiously enough, it resembles those of the later Chàlukya temples in style, 27. To the west of this temple in the courtyard are a few devlis or memorial stones, all modern. One of those is, however, interesting, as it is one of chandā, i.e. of a Chāraņa standing with one hand holding a rosary of beads, and the other a sword on his neck, in the act of immolating himself. Near the north-west corner of the court wall is a small shrine of the Solanki type, the [. back of which is hidden from view by the wall touching it (Photo. No. 2919). Half a mile to the north of this temple is shewn a place where Siyājī, the founder of the kāçhod dynasty of Jodhpur, slaughtered, on the rākhi day, the Palliväl Brāhmaṇas, who trusted him and kept him to protect themselves against the turbulences of the Mers and Menās. I have alluded to this local ·Aanh ode Aur 1 sculptures of Krishna, described at page 33 of my last season's Pryspromonton 29 Being desirous to know whether I could determine what panin served, I seized this opportaustr armer om which is but five miles from Joulbrar 1 Etape ground dug out round about one of these sculptures, and this brwi another compartment, also representing a scene from Krishna 13 It was the well known incident called the "Orertum, Cart" performed by Krishņu when he was but an infint Orfirtlaw's The tions were impeded by a stone pavement below, which shen with ture could not have been buried deeper in the ground Arta 1+1 side of this sculpture has been uniformly hollowed a little below, and has afterwards been cut slantingly and c?y intended for another sculpture with a projectors rett 41 mortise and tenon arrangement (Photo No 29234, I f! 47 tradition before, and Tod also mentions the same tradition. The chronicles of the Jodhpur Darbar, however, I am told, ascribe this iniquitious act to his successor Ayasthanjı, also called Asothama 28. From Pali I went to Jodhsur where I had the opportunity of inspect. JODHPUR. ing the Daulatpura copper-plate charter of Bhoja I of the imperial Pratıhara dynasty. This copper-plate had been presented by the Marwar Darbar to the Victoria Memorial Hall, Calcutta, and was not in the Historic Department last season when I first visited Jodhpur It has been returned since then for reasons not quite clear to me, but anyhow I was glad to see the original plates theniselves The inscription thereon has been published in the Epigraphia Indica, Vol. V, pige 208 ſt. The date of this epigraph together with those of the copper-plates of Mahondr. pala and Vinayahapala had been wrongly read, and these princes had been for long supposed to be distinct from those whose names occurred in stoneinscriptions. I was lucky enough to be the first to establish their identiti and give the correct reading of the dates, and am now delighted to find that 1119 views have been countenanced by such veteran antiquarians and scholar Dr. Hoernle, Dr. Kielhorn, and so forth One point, however, connected with this inscription remained undecided These records, while setting forth the religious sects to which there? se expression, viz. parama.bla+y8x** nnection with reference to Norte Bhoja, and Mahendrapala. It means "a devout worshipper of Bhagams..? who this Bhagavatı was, whether she was Durga, wife of Sıva, or la wife of Vishnu, was not clear to me as it was not to Dr Ficet v re-edited the Dighwa-Dubaulı plate of Mahendrapala. Ho had examined its seal, but was unable to identify the goddess representa? *** goddess, standing and f and with four hands, beads, lower left a pitch doubtless be an image and is the Bhagavatı, whose devotees Nagabňata, Bhoja I and Wabondanzas NAMANDOR No 2926) both the ends of this sculpture, which, as it nos high, and we may further take it that it could 3 Whatever has been said about this sculpture being of the same style and obviou_ly the 11 Int T naner lent SITUS 7 3 1 ta 4 * tls 11 $ + il Again, whereas the former are sgram not square and are carved as a height, which could hardlr bort unreasonable to suppose that to? we have e g at Supur 10 Carts right and lett, similar panela-27) Lifestidos de non iulie 30 From 22:31 1 ADABALL CODVAD bus cy W. 1 5 & a ·48 season, State, and went northwards touring there throughout the remainder of this What strikes the visitor most while travelling here is the celebrated Aravalli range, which stretches from Mount Ābũ in the south almost to Ajmer in the north, and which now separates the Udaipur, from the Jodhpur, territory. The name Aravalli has become so familiar to us that we believe this to be the correct form of the name. But while touring in Godväd, I learnt to my surprise that it was called by the people Ādābalā, and not Aravalli./ Sometimes the short form Balã was also used. It then occurred to me that the name Aravalli was first introduced by Colonel Tod, who misspelt this like many other names in his most celebrated work, The Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan. As d is very often written y by Europeans, and v and / are frequently interchanged even by the natives of India, it is intelligible that Ādābalā, without any diacritical marks, might run into Aravalli, and the latter pronounced not Ārā vallī, but simply Aravalli, as we now all do. Tod's work, so far as information about the modern Rājpūts, their manners and customs goes, is unrivalled' and almost exhaustive, and is, therefore, naturally looked upon as the standard authority on Rājputānā. But there is unfortunately one defect, which has not a little vitiated the whole work. It is his utter carelessness about spelling the names of tribes, princes and cities of Rājputānā, with the result that not even Indians, who are not familiar with Rājputānā, can correctly pronounce them. To take one instance, there is a well-known division of the Cbohān tribe, whose name has been spelt by him as Sonigurra. The name should really have been spelt Sonagarā, as they were so called after Songar, i. e., Suvarnagiri, by which Jālor, one of the most celebrated places in southern Mārwär, is also known. But, in the Hindi translation of Tod's work, published under the auspices of the Venkatesasamāchar, a well-known Bombay daily, the name is written Saniguru (Saturn-Jupiter) ! Evidently the translator knew but little about Rājputānā first-hand, and his Saniguru for Sonagarā is as natural, but also as ludicrous, as our Aravalli for Āļābalą. 31. I have just said that the mountain range which separates Mārwär froin Mewar is also known as Balā. In fact, Balā is the proper name of the range, ādā being prefixed to it as a sort of epithet, meaning literally a bar for fastening the door; and the mountain range is considered, as it were, a bar preventing the people of Mārwär from going into Mevār. It is at the foot of this Adībală that the whole of the Godvād province is situated. It is this fact that is borne in mind when the usual derivation of this name is given in Mārwār. God, in the Mārwārī language, signifies the knee, and văd enclosed ground, aud Gouvād thus becomes a tract of land lying near the knee of, i. e. down below, the Ādābalā range. But this explanation of the origin of the name, though universally given and accepted in Mārwār, is by no means convincing. There are many small districts in Mārwār as elsewhere in Rājputānă, which are called after various tribes, their names generally ending in ațī or väd, and it is but natural and plausible to derive Godvád also in a similar wanner. God or Gaud is one of the well-known Rājput tribes in Rājputānā. The present chief of Sopur near Gwālior is a Gaud Räjpūt. And, though now shorn of their brilliance, they formerly were powerful and held a large territory. Rājgadh near Ajmer was one of their original seats of power, and they owned several villages in the Kishengadh State, which were wrested from them by the Khishengadh Rāthoợs. There is a tract of land still called Godātī, comprising the Parbatsar and Mārot Districts of the Jodhpur State, This was formerly held by them until they were dispossessed of it by the Medtiā Rāthods. It is, therefore, more natural and intelligible to suppose that the province of Godvăd was so called after the Gods or Gauds, who settled there, than to accept the rather fantastic derivation given by the Mārwāris. 32. Godvād is divided into two districts, ---Bālī and Desuri, and we commenced our work in Godvād from Nāņā, which is at almost the southernmost point in the Bāli District. Nāņā is really two miles from the railway station of that name on the Amedābād-Ajmer line. It belongs to a Jahagirdār of the Sesodiyā clan. There are only four temples here, which deserve to be noticed. The foremost of these is the Jaina temple of Mahāvīra, which is supposed to contain an image of that tirthamkara as he was, before he attained to kaivalya, or absolution. The NANA, ·49 temple faces the east, and, in general plan, it is like many other Jaina temples, with only a few differences (Photos Nos 2928 29) Whereas the corridor of cells on the proper left ze on the north side, is as long as the court wall itself, that on the right ends just where the shrine porch commences the remaining part of the court wall on this side being adorned with niches for holding images. The north corridor again is not only longer, but also broader, than the south and the only object that calls for notice here is a miniature Idgah, doubtless put up to ward off Mussalman prosecution The entrance to the sabhamandapo or open hall is decorated by a torana or arch, issuing from malara heads re-sting upon old pillars of about the 11th century In addition to these, the western gateway at the back is the only part of the old structure now surviving (Photo No 9330) In the sanctum is the image of Habari, the parihara or pedestal of which as the inscription informs us, was caused to be made by an Osval of the Velaharı gotra and nimed Duda and was installed in sam 1506 varshe majha badı 10 guran by Sr Samtisuri of the Jfiabakıya gachchha On the door jamb of the shrine, there is a small fragmentary inscription bearing the date simuat 1017 In the closed hall is an elegant sculpture of the Nandıśvara dvipa with an inscription engraved below, which is too weather-sorn to be read (Photo No 2931) In the open porch of the in Marwarı language has been engraved on the lars It is dated samoat 1659 varshe lhadrapada. ords a grant made apparently by the Rana Sri Amarasimha Quite close to this is a Vaishnava temple, dedicated to Lakshmi Narayana Its spire is built up of odd pieces of an old sikhara, and the walls them elves are partly stone and partly brick work Outside is a surabhu stone bearing an inscription It gives the date samont 1314 varshe c7-12) - not onaals of an annual gift of 4 drammas by the hakrasvan) who must be the same as 07 j - 12 39 Outside the vıllage is the temple of Nilakantha-Mahadeva, which from an architectural point of view calls for no remark But on the door jambs of the sabhamandapa are incised two inscriptions, one on each side One of these bears the date samoat 1237, and contains the name Ja lana a Paramara Rajput, and of Rajasıha and Vagada, both Sahanıs or Masters of royal stables The other inscription is dated samrat 1257 carshe magha sudi 7 sukra dine, and records ng by a Gauda Kayastha (?). In the shrine itself It is in Harwarı and speaks of the temple having been repaired in samvat 1283 when Bhyıvadeva (Bhimadeva), son of Ajayapaladeva,was paramount sovereign at Anahıla nagara and Dhandhaladeva son of Visadhavala, was his feudatory It is worthy of note that the latter has been called a Chhahama which, I think must be taken to mean Chahamana Behind the shrine 19 a modern but curious sculpture of Nandı and a man feeding him (Photo No 2936) 3! Not far from the temple of Nilakantha Jahadeva are the ruins of three shrines which, though small and plain, are the oldest remains to be found at Nana The largest of these faces the west Its salls are destroyed but its door-frame is intact, and bears near the bottom Ginga and Yamuna, and still below touching the floor, Gunesa a d Kubera (Photo No 2934) Inside the shrine, now open is a linga, whic nother shrine facing the east" ſhe door three niches, contuning Chamun la Siç south respectively (Photo No 2930) Along the side of the first shrine and to the north of it is another, of which nothing, remains but its south and east walls, with the piches holding Labulisa and Sina (Photo No 2933) It was near these shrines that th near the doorway of ally lying The insc141 JU E it can be read with certainty some, and refers itself to the reign of a Paramara hing We further learn 7:19 in the p53e331on of one Laksha, who B 766_13 It 19 11 ·50 was was a favourite of the "beir-apparent Kānhadadeva, i. e. son of Somasimha. The object of the inscription is to record some grant made by Kánhadadeva in connection with the god Lukuln(li)deva. This and the fact that images of Lakulisa are found sculptured on these shrines.shew that the whole dedicated to the worship of that god. · group 35. About three miles to the north-west of Nāņā, is Belār, which contains BELAR two old temples, one Hindu dedicated to Siva but in ruins, and the other Jaina dedicated to Pārsvanātha and in daily use. The first is ncarly half a mile to the south of the village, and is a group of temples overlooking a beautiful lake (Photo. No. 2937). The central teinple faces the cast, and consists of a shrine and open porch (Photo, No. 2938). On the dedicatory block above the shrine door is Ganesa, and above still are the Navagraha. In the interior is a linga daily worshipped, In the principal niches on the outside walls are Chāmundā, Siva, and Lakulīša facing the north, west and south respectively. In addition to these images, the exterior is decorated with the Ashta-dikpālas or the Eight Regents of the quarters, who are here sculptured in almost strict accordance with the rules laid down in Sanskrit treatises on Hindu iconography. To take an instance, Yama is figured on the wall, facing the south, which is his proper direction, and with buffalo as his valand or vehicle (Photo. No, 2939). This is intelligible enough, but the objects, which he bears in his hands, are such as would throw some doubt on this conclusion. They are a pothi or manuscript, a cock, a staff and a pen, but these are exacily the objects, which, as works on Hindu iconography tell us, should be sculptured as held in his hands by Yama. The image at the other end, is that of Agni, regent of the south-castern quarter. His vāhana, the ram, is broken off, but, in his lower and upper right, may be noticed the rosary, and sakti or yoni and in his upper and lower left hands, a lotus and a water-pot, which, again, are the objects mentioned by the science of Hindu iconography as being borne by Agni. If we had not had this knowledge, this Agni would easily have been mistaken for Brahmā. 36. Besides the central shrine, there were no less than sever attendant shrines, one along the side of the main shrine on the north, two in front and four at the back. All of these are now utter wrecks except two. Of the latter one is immediately behind (Photo, No. 2940), and the other at the north-west corner of the central shrine. The first has on its exterior carved the figures of Chāmundā, Vishiņu, and Lakulisa on the north, west, and south faces respecto ively. The second also has the same figures sculptured, but here Lakulīša is represented as holding the staff and citron in his right and left hands respecto ively, instead of the reverse as usual. 37. The Jaina temple referred to above is in the village, and is quite modern excepting its sabhamandapa which sheirs about thirteenth century work. Fire of its pillars bear inscriptions all dated in V. E. 1265 or A. D. 1208, One and speak of the various repairs done to the temple, all by Osvāls, of the epigraphs, however, refers itself to the reign of Dhåndbaladeva, the same prince as that mentioned in the inscription in the temple of Nilakantha-Mahādeva at Nāņā. 38. Bhaduņd is about a mile and a half north of Nāņā. The objects of antiquity here are a few temples, which, though old, are of no particular importance. One of these, however, it deserves to be mentioned, is dedicated to Sarasvatī. There is also an old stepwell here, with an inscription attached to it. The latter opens with a verse in praise of Rāma, of the Raghu lineage, which is rather unusual ia old inscriptions. It bears the date 'saħvat 1102 kārts vadi panchamyām, and speaks of the Paramāra prince, Pūrņapāla, as then reigning and holding the Arbuda-mandala, i. e. the territory round about Mount Abu. "It then says that at Bhumdipadra (Bhaduņd) certain Brāhmaṇas, perceiving the vanity of life, made some contria butions and constructed this work of charity. 39. Nearly seven miles to the north of Bhaquņd is Bedā, which is the seat of another Jahāgirdār. Like that of Náņā, he also is a Sesodiya and of the same family. Near the [ . BHADUND. BEDA.

·51 I. III. III. BHATUND II temple of Mahadeva outside the village is an image of Surya placed on a dais (Photo No 2913). It is doubtless an old figure, and it is indsed a wonder as to where it was brought from It is DOY Worshipped as a mata by the Rebharis! In the village itself is a temple dedicated to Thakur or Vishnu. It 19 quite & modern structure, but the curious thing here is that the Thakur is given a small sword to use, the reason of it being, as I was told, to enable h m to protect kimself against the Menas, who formerly infested Godvad, Near this shrine is a Jaina temple, which is, no doubt a spacious one but is quite a plain structure (Photo. No 2944) In the sanctum are some brasg and stone images, containing inscriptions with dates ranging from V E 1317 to V. E 1630 In some of them occurs the name Bahada grama, doubtless the same as Beda About two miles from Beda are some ruins, which go by the name of Juna Beda Amongst them is intact a Jaina temple dedicated to Parsvanatha (Photo. No 2912) The image of this tirthamkara has an inscription engraved on it, containing the date samoat 1644 varshe phaguna di 13 About three miles from Beda is a temple situated in a jungle and dedicated to Mahadeva (Photo No 2943) Excepting the basement of the shrine, nothing that is old has survived. In the antechamber to the sanctum may, however, be seen fixed in the wall an old sculpture containing the Navigraha Oatside the temple enclosure are at least five old memorial stones (Photos Nos. 2916 47), with which, by the bye, Marwar abounds 40. From Beda we went to Bijapur, from where we visited Bhatunu and Hathundi 'At the former place, which is only one mile south of Bijapur, there are only two ancient temples worth mentioning The first is the one situated on a high artificial mound near a talad on the outskirts of the village (Photo No 2918). This is a very curious temple, and I have not seen any like this It has two antechambers with a door to each, one faring east and the other west (Photos Nos 2919 50) l'he eaves projecting from the roof and the mouldings of the doors shew that it never had any porches. The sanctum appears to have been divided into two parts by a partition wall, the larger portion of which is still remaining. The outside walls are plain and devoid of all ornamentation The front of the roof of the antechambers is decorated with a niche overtopped by two charlya window arches or by ghode ki nal (horse shoes), as they are called in Marwar. The niche contains a seated image with four hands, the lower two resting on the Boles of the feet one above the other The image appears to be a male one and of Siva, but the head-dress seems to be a crown and not matted hair The image is, however, too weather worn to enable us to identify it with certainty. All the arches above probably contained ornamental heads, but ooly one has remained, diz in the lowermost arch on the west front The spire of the shrine is not intact, but what is preserved is enough to shew that it is a very old temple The heads ia charlya window arches also is another indication of an early age There 19 no image inside the temple, 41 The other temple is in the village, and 19 10 a thoroughly dilapidated condition (Photo No 2j51) In plan it is not unlike that of Surya at Vasant gadh ia the Sirohi State, though certainly not so old The hall is now separat ed from the circumambulatory passage by masonry walls, and the latter is filled with grass and fodder for the cattle The temple faces the east The lintel of the shrine door has no dedicatory block on it, but 19 decorated with garland bearing figures (Photo. Yo 2932) Above on the frieze are the Vavagraha Of the door frame the central and protuberant mouldings are split each into six Ot the compartments, the lowermost being much larger than those above lowermost that on the proper right contains a male figure with beard and a snake encircling his neck He has two hands, one of which holds a tri lent The figure on the proper left is exactly similar, but wields a spear instead of a trident In the niches above are represented somc domestic scenos in all excepting in the top nost of the proper right moulding in this 13 carrel a figure of Siva, seated exactly like a Jina but with four hands the two lower of such are placed one above the other, touching the soles of his feet In the up rer hands, he bears a trident and a snake The pillars of the hall are plain, but the panels of the ceiling are deeply and elegantly carved Ibay are six in all and are domical (Photo No 2933) except the two in the bayz adjoining the bhrams or II ·52 circumambulatory passage. Of the porch everything is gone except the basemont. The spire of the temple is destroyed. The whole interior of the ball is bluckened with sinokc. The place, I was told, was, for a long time, used as a kitchen by n Thānciār there nearly twelve years ago. On one of the pillars of the sabhimandapa has been incised an inscription, which is highly weather-worn. Although the object of it is not clear, the other details are intelligible enough. It is dated sarvat 1210 jyeshtha śudi 6 gurar, ard refers itself to the reign of the Chaulukya sovereign, Kumārapāla. It also makes mention of his dandanāyaka, i.c. a governor named Sri-Vaijāka in charge of the district of Nádol. The only other thing worth noting in the inscription is the naine Śri-Bhāțuttapadra-nagara, which is doubtless the same as Bhātund. 42. Bāthundi is about three miles south-east of Bijāpur. Here too there HATHUNDI. are only two temples worth describing, one Saiva and one Jaina. The former is a cluster of temples, standing on a raised terrace (Photo. No. 2958). There are two more below the terrace on the cast side. Of those on the terrace, three are behind the shrine, two on both sides of the hall, and four in front, of the main temple. Of the latter the shirine door las Gaņeśa on the projecting block, and inside the sanctum a linga, which is worshipped. All the other shrines are empty. The spires of all the shrines are gone. 43. As regards the Jaina temple, there is nothing about its architecture, that calls for any remarks (Photo. No. 2954). It is, like most Jaina fanes, with a central temple with corridors and cells (Photo No. 2957) running along the sides and in front. This temple, however, has no ranga-mandapa in front of the shrino porch. Excepting the doors of the güdha-mandapa and of the enclosure wall (Photos. Nos. 2955-56), everything is plain and without any carving. Inside the shrine is an image of the last tirthaikara, here known as Rātā-Nabāvira. Rālā means red, and it is said that the original image was of red stone, but when the temple was destroyed by the Muhammadans, the image also mysteriously disappeared. The present one is made of bricks, and is coated with a thick red colour every five years. This Mahā vīra is also called Muchhälā, ¿, c. one with thick moustaches. In the gūdha-mandapa there is an inscription engraved on a pillar. It contains the date samvat 1335 varsle śrāmvana radi 1 some, and records a grant of 24. drummas to, as it says, Mahāvīra named Rätā, from the custom-house of Samipatti (Sevādi). In the porch there are two or three inscriptions, of which only one is interesting. It speaks of the Chāhamāna king Sāmramtasiya (Sämantasimha) as ruling over the district of Nadūla, and gives the date samvat 1345 varshe prathana-bhädravā vadi 9 śukra-dine. It further specifies an annual gift of 24 dranomas by a sāhukär, Hemāka by name, to İlahāvira in the village of Hāthiumdī, obviously Hlāthundi. The Sanskrit name of it was Hastikuņdi, which is mentioned in a long inscription, partially published by the late Professor Kielhorn in the Jour. Beng. As. Soc. Vol. LXII, Pt. I, p. 309 ff. The stone, on which this inscription is engraved, was originally in this temple, set up high into the inside wall of the entrance door. The empty space there marks the exact spot where it was originally placed. For some reasons unknown, it was dislodged from its position, and was being pillerred away by some Jainas from Mewār. Munshi Deviprasad Munsiff of Jodhpur, whose zeal for the Indian antiquities is as disinterested as it is unflagging, was touring in those parts in connection with the Census work of Mārvār. No sooner news of the inscription stone being carried away reached his ears than he hastened to the spot and saved it from the hands of the idle pilſercrs. The stone, as I have stated in the last Progress Report, is now at Jodhpur in the house of the Munshi, there being no room to house it properly in the building of the Historic Department. What Professor Kielborn has edited is only a part of the inscription, and, as it gives us information about an entirely new line of Rāshtrakūtas, the whole of the inscription is worth editing, but the fact of its being not deeply incised and of its being mutilated in places will perhaps stand in the way of its being completely and satisfactorily deciphered, Hastikundi was thus the original Sanskrit name of the place, and, as we learn from the epigraph, was the capital of the Rashtrakūtas in the 10th century. Its importance is also attested by the fact that a line of Jaina pontiffs is actually called Hastikundiya-gachchha after it. Amongst the Mārwār Rāthods, again, Anar

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·55 LL 1 in reality, a natural cavera, converted into a shrine, with & sabhamandapa in front of it. On the lintels of the pillars in the chauk are incised three inscriptrons, only two of which are worthy of note. One of these bears, the date V. E. 1200, and refers itself to the revern of the man-:-1:- :: Jayasi. hadeva and his feudatory maharaja chief tain Asvarāja). At this time the villa grāsa, i.e. girās, by the queen Śrı-Tihunaha. The object of the inscription 18 to record the gift of some drammi8 by one Bopavanı to celebrate the festival in connection with the goddess Bahughrina, 1. e. Bahuguna máta. The other inscription 19 dated on Friday, the first of the dark half of Srāvana in the (Vikrama) year 1216, when Kumārapāla was the supreme ruler, Vagajaladera was danda-näyaka at Naddūla (Nadol), and Anupameśvara was the jalagirdar of Vālahı (Bali). It further states that out of the land belonging to this village, a plot equal to one ploughshare in a single day was granted by : f the goddess Bibusri(ghri)na. Vayajaladeva, Vaijāba of the Bhātund and Sevādı inscriptions. 48 While at Bali, we had a very nice opportunity afforded us of witness. ino. Ting porn orks, and the f the samgha ala, when he is always a i in question Sirohi State. Parnir nall. Gokak The Maghi, Tho samgha was headed by Aluni Sri-Ratnavardhana, and after leaving Kalındarı, halted at the intervening places of Padus, Andor, Paladı, and Sivagañ), beforo at reached Bali. The object of it was to make a pilgrimage to the Paſchatirtha of Mārwar, and Kesriya in Mewar. The Pancha-lirtha of Marwar includes Ränpur, Ghanerāv, Nallái, Nalol, and Birkanā, all in the Desuri Dis. trict, Jodhpur State. Various invitations had been sent round by Phulchandji, and many Jainas, men and women, availed themselves of these The number of the people who had joined the sangha ras no less than 200 at Bālı. Those, who were rich, came with their canels, räotis, cooking utensils and servants, but the poor, of whom there were many, were faruished with conveyances, rãotie, and food by Phulchandji at his own expense There were physicians to attend on the sick and armed Menās and Bhils to guard the sangha nguinst the inolestations of their tribes, which ab und on the boundaries between Wärwăr and Mevăr, it being supposed, ai i hink, that a Menā or a Khil, guardig a cimp, depreditions of the people of their tribes. S een spent upon repairing the road of the Desuri nal in the Udrupur territory, which led to Kesrajı. Tarice did the samgha afterwards meet us, once at Sa farli and then at Nădlai, where its number was greatly increased. Phulchandji thus gained for himself the title of samghot or samghapati. 49. About ten miles to the east of Bali is Sadadı, commonly spelt Sudrs, the largest town in the whole of the Gourăd Prouince. SADA DI It possesses several temples, the most conspicuous of i which are those of Varāhj2, Kapurlinga-llahādev and Jägesvar. The hrst 13 a structure facing the nortb, but rather curious in plan (Photo, No 2970). It in rcb, with four The central eight pillars are also the 1 . from the hall, but from · porch. Of the former, facing the east to Lakshmi ; of their principal niches, those on the south contain Brahmā and the remaining Siva of the latter that facing the cast is of Ganeza and the other of Panchamuhballahäder. In the porch is Garula ·56 facing an elegantly carved figure of Varāha in the sanctum. This figure is said to have been brought there from Dhālop, about nine miles to the north of Sadnļi, by thc Nandrāņā Brāhmaṇas, who are in charge of the temple. In tho principal niches on the exterior of the sanctum are Brahmã, Harihara, and Vishņu on tho cast, south, and west faces respectively (Photo. No. 2971). The last is a curious image sented on Garuda with six hands and three faces, oix. tliose of the lion, man and boar, Vishnu (Photo. No. 2972). Of the Sikharas all are new, except those of It evidently represents some form of the Ganesa and Bholānătha shrines, which are of the early Solanki period (Photo, No. 2973). 50. On the outskirts of the torn are two temples, one dedicated to Kapurlinga-Mabīdeva and the other to Chaturbhujajī. The first is exactly in front of the other, and faces the north. Of the principal niches, that facing the cast contains an image of Brahmā and the rest of Siva. The spire is old, and is exactly of the type of the shrines of Varābji just referred to (Photo. No. 2980). I. The temple of Chaturbhuja faces the east, and originally consisted of a sanctum, antechamber, hall and porch, and with six attendant shrines projecting, three from cach side of the hall. But of those on the north side one has survived, the space occupied by the remaining shrines being now utilised for erecting the Pūjäri's house. The shrine that has survived is dedicated to Chaturbhu. jaji, and the images in the principal niches outside are Lakulisa and Siva on the west and north respectively. The remaining one could not be seen, as access to it could be had only from inside the Pījāri'g house. The shrines on the south side are almost utter wrecks, only parts of their porches remaining (Photo. No. 2979). Of these the lintel resting on the pillars of the central porch is engrared with two inscriptions, one on each side. One of these is dated stuvat 1221 phāguna sudi 2 some, and refers itself to the reign of the Nadola Chohan Kelhanadera. In the sanctum of the temple is a standing image of Chaturbhuja of black stone, holding in the right lower a lotus, in the right upper a inace, in the left upper a discus, and in the left lower a conch. From the order in which these objects have been held in the hands, it appears that the image is intended to be one of Trivikrama, 51. There is not a single individual that has visited Sādadi, who has not heard of Tărăchand Kabadiyā and the various monuments associated with his He was an Osral of the Ray-Kothāri family. It is said that the great grand-father of Chāṇlā, his grand-father, in order to escape the Muhammadan oppressions in Delhi, where he was staying, came to the south, and brought Chāņdā, who was then a mere child, in a kavad. The fact of his being so brought in a kavad gave rise to the name Kabadiyā. Chāņdā's son was ļīdā, and Tidā had two sons, Bhāmā-sāh and Tārāchand. When the Mogul emperor Akbar deprived Mahārāņā Pratāpasimha of most of his dominious, pecuniary aid was liberally given him by Bhāmā-sāk. The consequence of it was that he was made a Divān when the Mahārāņā regained his possessions. Tārāchand, however, was made simply the Häkim or Collector of the Godrīd division, At that time the Mädrechã Chobāns were infesting Råņpur and other places. He put a stop to it, and induced the people to settle at Sådađi. For himself he raised an orchard, and erected a pavilion shich was afterwards converted into the temple of Jageśvar by an ascetic of the Nātha sect (Photo. No. 2976). A. mansion also for his residence was built by him of the materials furnished by the ruins of the structures raised by Muñjā Bāļiyå at Sevăờí. Of this mansion only a few pillars are now in situ. They are the ones shewn behind the local kacheri (Photo. No. 2975). At the southern end of the orchard he built a step-ivell four storeys high. This is evidently the one lying close beside the temple of Chaturbhujaji. But this is a mistake. The step-well as built, not by Tārāchand, but by his son, Sáh Suratāņaka. The inscription thereon is dated Thursday, the second of the dark half of Vaišākha in the Vikrama year 1654 and Śaka 1520, and refers itself to the reign of mahārānā Amarasimha, son of Pratāpasimha, alluded to abore. The inscription further states that the step-well was named Tārā-vāvi, and was caused to be made by Suratāṇaka at Sadadi for the spiritual merit of his father Täráchanda and the eleven females that went sati with him. Just near this temple is a small building, containing a sculpture, which throws light on this matter. It is broken up into two comnane.

·57 1 name. XY-11 partments, and the space intervening is engraved with an inscription. In the first compartment are sıx figures That to the extreme left is that of a man mounted on a horse. This is doubtless Tarāchanda, ipho, the inscription informs us, died on the 8th of the dark half of Vaisakha in the Vikrama year 1648. The remaining figures are those of his four wives and his kept mistress, as the inscription further distinctly tells us The second compartment is also occupied cing females. Leaving Taruchanda number eleven, who must be the iption on the step-well informs us, At present no person of Tarāchand's family has survived. But there are at least thirty houses belonging to Käbadıyās, his caste-people. It is they, who now maintain the worship of the detalı or memorial stone, and do repairs to the building whenerer necessary. In addition to these monuments, there is one upăsara, or place of residence for Jaina monks, in the city, which also is said to have been built by Tarāchand. 62._So far as regards Tarachand and the works associated with his What we are chiefly concerned with here is the temple of Jagesvar. I. As mentioned above, it was originally built by Tarachand and intended for a garden pavilion, but was afterwards appropriated to Saiva worship by a Natha ascetic. ' In fact, as it is, it could not have been a temple, for the shrine of Jágesvar is formed by simply putting in masonry walls and enclosing the spice between the four pillars in the south-west corner. The tradition must, therefore, be take and that the by Tārāchanc in the Balı I however, does not appear to be true, for there are at least four inscriptions on two of its columns, from which it is clear that the pillars, at any rate, belonged to the temple of Lakshmana-svamı or Lokhanadeva, and that this temple was in Nadūla, i e. Nadol. No doubt deed, therefore, be entertained as to the pillars, et And, as the name Lakshmana svami im y Lakshmana, the founder of the Mary w, for this Lakshmana we have the date ra Nadol inscription If this is true, the temple was built iu lue last quarter of the 10th century The style of the pillars also does not run counter to this view. It agrees with that of the pillars of the later temples at Osia, belonging to the 10th century. 53. Sıx miles to the south of Sådadı 19 Ranpur, which is celebrated for the Chaumukh temple of Adınatha, the first tirtham- RANPUR kara. It is situated in a valley piercing the western een in the whole by no means be still, a jungle is a jungle, and has its unique beauty. There is but one well here, which supplies the pilgrims and the people there with drinking water, but even this water is considered to be noxious. It is called teliya, i e as heavy and indigestible as oil. I have already stated that the boundary between Marwar and Mewar is at present marked by the Atlabalā range, and there are many passes, or mäls as they than lle, wh nh lon la norenn form ono this part of the inall army detachment had been formerly stationed at Ranpur to scare the wild tribes. But the water was so bad that the health of almost all sepoyo was impaired. It is said that by drinking at their abdomens became distended, other limbs emaciated, and their eyes turned yellow. The detachment had, thorefore, to be removed, and is now stationed at Sadalı, The men of the Jodhpur Danna stayed there very unwillingly, and iem was complaining to me of the cr, horcyer, did not produco any bad effect on our health ; on the contrary, we were all the better for it, this probably due to the fact that we always used boiled water, 3766-15 1 1 TL 11 ] D country to J ·58 54. Rāņpur is looked upon by the Jainas as one of the pañcha-tirtha, or five sacred places in Mārwār. During the space of ten days that we were there, not a day passed without pilgrims coming to that place. As I have said at the outset, Rāņpur is famous for the Chaumukh temple of Adinātha. Chaumukh is a Jaina term, and denotes four images of a tīrthankara placed on one and the same pedestal back to back so as to face the four cardinal directions. It, therefore, presupposes that not only the sanctum, in which such a Chaumukh is installed, but also the enclosing wall, should have four doors, facing the four images. And such is the case with this Chaumülch temple also. The door facing the west is, in the present instance, considered to be the principal entrance. One Chaumukh temple of almost exactly the same plan was found by me at Sirohi, but it is a modern structure and does not appear to have ever been finished. The Rāņpur temple was built by a Porvād mahājan, named Dharaņāka in the inscription, but commonly known as Dhanā Seth, in A. D. 1440 during the reign of Kumbhakarņa (Photos. Nos. 2987-95). This temple has been described by Fergusson in his book entitled History of Indian and Eastern Architecture. But as he has not done adequate justice to it and his description is not accompanied by a number of illustrations, which are necessary for the proper understanding of its architectural and iconographic aspects, I shall contribute a paper to the Archeological Annual, embodying all the results of my work there, and shall, therefore, refrain from describing it here. 55. The Chaumulch, however, is not the only temple existing at Rāņpur, In front of it are two Jaina temples, and a little further to the south is the temple of Sürya. Of the Jaina temples, that which deserves to be noticed is the one dedicated to Pārsvanātha (Photo. No, 2986). The walls thereof are fourteenth century work, but the spire appears to be still later and is evidently rebuilt (Photo. No. 2985). The temple is also called Pätriyomkā mandar, i. e. the temple of prostitutes. It is so called on account of some erotic figures sculptured on its exterior. It is said that the Sompuras or masons, who built the Chaumukh temple, also built this. While they were working at the former, they employed their recess hours in the noon, in erecting the latter, and giving loose rein to their fancy, and carving all sorts of posture, in which sexual enjoyment was possible. Whatever the explanation may be, it is indeed strange and inexplicable how these indecent figures came to be carved on the temple of a tirthaṁ kara, who is to be approached with all freedom from earthly passions, 56. The temple of Surya faces the east, and stands on a terrace. It originally consisted of a shrine, hall, and porch (Photo. No. 2981). Both the terrace and the temple are star-shaped in plan. The porch is well nigh destroyed, and of the hall the roof is all but gone. On the shrine door (Photo. No. 2984) on the dedicatory block is Gaņeša. He is flanked by five figures on each side, of which except the first all are of the navagraha. All the small niches of the door sides are occupied by Sūrya. Above on the frieze, is Siva in the centre. On his proper right are a goddess and Brahmā, and on his left another goddess and Vishnu. Between Siva and the goddesses are on each side sculptured two elephants fighting with each other. In the shrine are two images, one doubtless of Sürya to whom the temple is dedicated, and the other, on his proper left, of a goddess with two hands, the right holding a cup and the left a lotus stalkOn the other side of Surya there must have been a third figure, but it has now disappeared. 57. The exterior, as said above, is arranged as ashtabhadra, and all the figures are made to stand on the pedestals supported by seven horses (Photo. No. 2982). The figures on the projecting mouldings number sixty-three in all. Amongst these the astha-dikpala and the navagraha can easily be recognized. Most of the remaining ones are complex forms of Sūrya with Brahmā, Siva and Vishņu. There is but one goddess amongst these. She is sculptured near Ketu near the north-west corner (Photo. No. 2983). She seated on her vāhana the man, and has six hands, the right ones bearing a ladle, a mace and a rosary, and the left a conch and a discus, the third being left open. Of these figures two appear to have been selected for worship, as they have been bedaubed with red-lead. They are Gaņapati on the north side, and Nirriti on the south-west corner. These figures are, on the whole, far better carved than those on the shrine ·59 door frame. The wall mouldings are like those of the Paráranātha temple, and cannot be later tban the fourteenth century, but the Sikara appears to have been rebuilt 58. Abogt six miles to the north-east of Sådadi is Ghānerāv, which is CHANERAY. another of the pancha-tīrtha of Mārwăr, From here runs one of the two celebrated nåls, or passes leading to Mārvār, the other being the Desuri nal. The Ghānerāv nal gives the shortest cut, 11: At two places in particular, the road is very precipice. Several pack ballocks and camels & and to have fallen headlong into the abyss. Yet every other day the natoata plies between Kailvādá a toten in Mewār on the hills above and Ghāņeräv below on the plains, exchanging their ghee for grains, Ghinerāv is one of the villages owned by a Rāthod jahāgir. dar, and was his head-quarters till the time of Colonel Tod. The present jahagirdār, however, has now established himself at Nádol which is the largest town in his jahāgir. The jahāgirdár is at present subordinate to the Mārwār Darbär, but formerly he owned fealty to the Mahårā ņă, and fought on his side and against his kinsmen, the Rathod princes of Jodhpur. Being situated just at the entrance of the nål, Ghänerar had acquired great import ance in the old da Marwar and Mew post of honour in enumerates the principal feudatory chieftains of Merár, tro Ráthods are prominently mentioned, of whom one was of Bednor and the other of Ghānerár. I. H leanings towards the Mahārānā, notfor this allegiance from the hands of suffer much more for his fresh maui. festations of fealty to his old overlord. 59. The temple, which is visited by Jaina pilgrims near Ghāņerār, is three ir'an't count at the foot of hills and almost in a jungle. of Fergusson that the Jaioas had a love ited by erecting many of their celebrated temples in secluded valleys or on bill-tops. This temple faces the north, and is dedicated to Mahavira (Photo No. 2998). It consists of a shrine, a closed hall, 'nnon morch attached thereto. In front of the latter are porch, with rows of cells running along on three ove the basement mouldings on the exterior are screens, with balconies projecting and running all rou L-- the land hell, and the shrine. On the balcony of each is 'es, i. e. on the west and the cast These bly as old as the eleventh century ondom ona sa alan are the open dall and the inside The most nth of the and heavy ear-rings. As necklaces are bere shewD, I unor ve u slysinumhara. In front of the bust is a large water-pot supported by two dwarfs (Photo No. 3000). Such busts are not uncompion in Jaina temples, and they probably represent the individuals, wlio originally built the temple. D. R. BHANDARKAR, Assistant Superintendent, Archäological Survey, Western Circie. Poona, 27th July 1903.

·60 List of public libraries, etc., to which copies of the Archæological Survey Reports, New Imperial Series, including the Director- General's Annual Report, Part II, and the Provincial Annual Reports of the Superintendents are regularly supplied. Nupbor. Designation. Nomber of copies to be supplied. 1 2 3 4 1 1 1 ... .. 1 .. 5 6 7 8 1 1 3 . ... 1 1 1 1 10 11 12 ... I.-COUNTRIES OUTSIDE INDIA. United Kingdom. British Musoum Library, Great Russoll Street, Bloomsbury, London Bodleian Library, Oxford London University Library, Imperial Institute, London, S. W. *Royal Anthropological Instituto of Groat Britain and Ireland, 3, Hanover Sq., London, IV. Cambridgo University Library, Cambridgo Edinburgh Edinburgh Glasgos Glasgowy Abordoon Aberdeen Trinity Collego Library, Dublin Folkloro Socioty, 11, Old Squaro Lincoln's Inn, London, W. C. Nationnl Art Library, South Kensington Museum, London Royal Instituto of British Architects, 9, Conduit Street, Hanover Square, London, W. Advocates Library, Edinburgh Tho Royal Library, Windsor Castle, Berks Royal Socioty, Burlington Honso, Piccadilly, London Royal Society, Edinburgh Royal Irish Academy, 19, Darson Street, Dublin National Library of Ireland, Leinster House, Kildare Street, Dublin Royal Asiatic Society, 22, Albemarle Street, Londou Socioty of Antiquarics of London, Burlington House, Piccadilly, W. Royal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh, Scotland Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, National Dluseum of Antiquities, Queen Street, Edinburgh Imporial Instituto, London Indian Institute, Oxford Socioty for Protection of Ancient Buildings, 10, Buckingham Street, Adelphi, W. C. The Royal Academy of Arts, Burlington House, London Society for the promotion of Hellenic Studies, London 10. .. ... .. 13 1.1 15 16 17 19 IR 20 21 1 1 1 1 1 1 ܢܝܙ 1 1 1 ... ... 1 1 1 23 24 85 ... 1 ... 20 27 1 1 France. 1 1 28 23 30 Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris Institute de France, Paris Musée Guimet, 7, Place d'Iona, Paris 1 Germany. "ndischen Gesellschaft, Halle (Saale), 31 1 ... rlin 1 I. 0. Bibliothek der Deutschen M Germany Royal Prussian Academy of *Royal Museum for Ethnolo *Königliche Gesellschaft d Gerinany 32 33 34 1 a Göttingen 1 + 35 86 I. H y of Sciences, y, Buda-Pes 'rector Genc ·61 Mamter of Narber Desigestion opres to be appli d. 1.-COUNTRIES OUTSIDE INDIA—continued. Italy. 1 37 88 39 40 41 Biblioteca Nazionale, Vittorio Emanuele, Rome R. Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Firenze British School at Rome American School of Classical Stadies at Rome *The Societa Asiatica Italiana, Firenze Other Countries in Europe. 42 43 V. 45 46 47 49 ente, Amsterdam, Holland Hagae, Holland biatic Vaseur), St Petersburg, Russia Royal Library, Copenhagen, Denmark *National Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark Académie Royale d'Archéologie de Belgique, Anvers University Library, Opsala, Sweden Christiana, Norway British School at Athens, Greece Isa Société Archéologique d'Athenes, Athens, Greece 1 1 1 I 1 ::: 50 51 America. Haven Coun, U.S A 1 52 53 British Colonies. The mannm Candach - Canada 2 55 56 57 .58 59 1 Wales 1 : :: 2 1 1 63 Foreign Colonies, Directeur de l'Ecole Française d'estreme Orient, Hann 113 64 63 66 67 1 1 Interior 100 Mapila II -INDIA. 1 2 3 (1) Imperial Imperial Library, Caicotta Indip Mesedni, Calcutta *Press Room, Calcutta and Simla 1 >> • Director Cesenls kon sat kejor!, Part II, B766-16 ·Number of copies to be supplied 1 9. ... ... 1 .. 1 ... ... Sans ency College Library, 1, College Square, Calcutta 62 Vanber. Dyigition. 11.-INDIA-Continued. (2) Provincial. Madras. Secretariat Library, Fort St. Georgo ... 5 University Library, Mudras Public Library, Mndras 7 Presidency College, Madras S School of Art, Madras Government Central Museum, Nadias 10 Christian College Library, Madras Bombay. 11 Secretarint Library, Bombny 13 Uuirersity Library, Bombay 13 Bombug Branch of the Royal Asiatic Socioty, Towu Tall, Boinbay 1.1 School of Art, Bombay 15 The College of Science, Poonn 16 Sassoon Vlechavics' Instituto Library, Bombay 17 Mechanics' Institute, Karachi, Sind Bengal. IS Secretariat Library, Writers' Buildings, Calcutta 13 University Library, The Senate IIouse, Calcutta 20 21 Sanskrit College Library, 1, College Square, Calcutta Asiatic Society of Beugal, 57, Park Street, Calcutta 1 1 1 1 .. 1 ... 1 1 ... ... 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 United Provinces. 1 1 1 ... 23 24 23 20 27 Secretariat Library, P. IV. D., Allāhābåd University Library, Alālābău Public Library, Allālābūd Provincial Museum Library, Lucknow Sanskrit College, Benares Thomason College, Roorkeo 1 .. ... 1 1 28 Punjab. ... ... 23 30 31 32 33 31 Secretariat Library, Public Works Department, Lahore Punjáb Public Library, Lahore Museum Library, Lahore University Library, Lahore Government College Library, Lahore ... Delhi Museuin and Institute, Delhi 1 1 1 1 1 1 ... .. .. ... North-West Frontier Province. 1 1 ... 35 36 Secretariat Library, Peshawar *Museum Library, Peshā war Burma, ... 1 1 1 97 38 39 Secretariat Library, Rangoon The Bernard Free Library, Rangoon The Phayre Museum, Rangoon .. * Director-General's Annual Report, Part II, ·03 Number. Deaquation Vurber of cop es to be uppled 11.-INDIA--continued Central Provinces. 40 Secretariat Library, Nagpur Museum Library, Nagpur Assam. 42 .. 1. .. Secretariat Library, Shillong Coorg. The Chief Commissioner of Coorg's Library, Boogaloro NATIVE STATES, 43 .. 2 11 Hyderabad. The Resident's Library, Hyderabad Central India. 2 45 46 47 ) 1 1 00 00 48 1 1 49 BOO Library of the Agent to the Governor General, Indore The Librarian, Dhar Museum Library, Dhar Rajkumar College, Indore Rajputana. Library of the Chief Commissioner and Agent to the Governor-General, Ajmer College Library, Ajmer Baroda, Library of the Resident at Baroda ... ... Kathiawad. Watson Museum, Rajkot Bır Bhagvatsingbji Library, Gondál 50 1 .. ... 51 52 1 1 . BBIYI TITLD AT TUZ CUYLA XENT LASTEAL PLY

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·Annual Reports - Progress Report of the Archæc logical Survey Western Circle for the year ending 31st Varch 1908 General Department No 6748 Bombay Castle Inth November 1909 Letter from the Superintendent Archæological Survey Western Circle, No 579 dated 2 th September 1god I have the honour to forward a signed copy of my Prooress Report for the year 1907 08 and to request that if approved Government will be pleased to i ste the necessary orders regarding printing to the Superintendent Government Cer tral Pre s The photographer red since we returned hat work a few days 5 Copies of the print d conservation notes mentioned in paragraph 13 are attached for the perusal of Government 16 I he illustration acconipanying the Report will be printed at the Government Photozincographic Office Poona Letter from th- Superi itendent Archeological Survey Western Circle To 607, dated Icth October 1908 In coi tinuation of my letter No 579 of the 28th ultimo I have the hon sur to advise the despatch by rail ay parcel of he Bo ibay Government is 2906 to he Secretary of State for li da (Nos 2917) and tl e Agent to the wovernor General in Rajputana (Aos 2018 3038) RESOLUTION The Reports submitted by Mr Cousens and his assistant Mr Bhandarhar are of unusual interest and show a satisfactory record of useful work during the year His Excellency the Governor in Council notices with plersure that Mr Cousens has found leisure for certain excavation worh at nach ind Parjapur It is desirable that in addition to work at Brahmanabid operations should be commenced at Ahole and Pattadaka) as proposed by the Superintendent in paragraph 76 of his Report 3 The Jod Gumbaz at Bijapur referred to in paragraph 12 of the Report, which has been temporarily occupied, will shortly be vacated 4 The proposal to issue rules for the care of protected monuments applicable to all India has been abandoned by the Government of India The Superin tendent of the Archäological Survey has therefore been called on for draft proposals for rules for the Bombay Presidency (zrde Government Resolution No 046 'dated the 29th October 1908) 5 The attention of all District Officers should be drawn to paragraph 28 of Mr Cousens' Report and they should be requested to bring to his nctice any remains of interest observed while on tour which have not been entered by the Superintendent in the list given in paragraph 27 His Excellency the Governor in Council notes with much satisfaction the valuable assistance rendered to Mr Cousens by Mr Hudson in Dharnar, in this connection 6 District Officers are reminded in connection with the Superintendents remarks in paragraph 98 of his Report that intimation should invariably be furnished to the Superintendent before any excavation work is undertaken It is essential that Mr Cousens should receive adequate notice of their intentions 7 Vir Bhandurkar s work in Rajputina continues to yield valuable results It is presumed that ofr Bhardarh ar has placed himself in communication with local experts having an intimate knowledge of the objects of interest in Rajputana There is no objection to utilizing information derived from ths source provided that its origin is adequately acknowledged when it is reproduced 8 The proposed tour for the current season (paragraphs 76 and 77 of Vir Cousens Report) is approved Geil 1140 ·9. Copies of the Report should be forwarded to the Agencies concerned, the under Secretary of State for India, the Government of India, the Commissioner in Sind, the Commissioners of Divisions, all Collectors, including the Collectors and Deputy Commissioners in Sind, the Director of Agriculture, the Municipal Commis. sioner lor the City of Bombay, the Compiler, General Administration Report for 1.07.08, the Revenue, Political and Public Works Departments, and the Honorary Secretary to the Committee of the Prince of Wales' Muscum of Western India. Copies should also be forwarded, is usual, to the officers and institutions concerned and placed on the Editors' Tables. Of the photographs submitted by the Archological Superintendent, the mounted set should be deposited in the Secretariat Library and the unmounted sets should be sent to the Under Secretary of State for India in accordance with the orders contained in Government Resolution No. 3273, dated the 4th June 1906, and to the Honourable the Agent to the Governor General in Rajputana and the Resident at Baroda, 10. 1 R, E. ENTHOVEN, Serretary to Government. To the Report. سا The Superintendent, Archeological Survey, Western Circle, The Commissioner in Sind, The Commissioner, N, D., The Commissioner, C. D., The Coinmissioner, S. D., All Collectors, including the Collectors and Deputy Commissioners in Sind. With copies of The Director of Agriculture, The Municipal Commissioner for the City of Bombay. The Compiler, General :Idministration Report for 1907-08, Thic Revenue Department, The Political Department, The Public Works Department, The Separate Department, (litls the mounted photographs.) The Government of India (by letter No. 6749, dated the 12th November 1908), The Under Secretary of State for India (by letter), The Honourable the Resident at Hyderabad (Deccan?, ? The Resident at Baroda, By letter No 6750, The Honourable the Agent to the Governor General in dated the 12th Central India, November 1908. The Honourable the Agent to the Governor General in Rajputana, The Honorary Secretary to the Committee of the Prince of Wales' Museum of Western India, The Editors' Table, Bombay, The Editors' Table, Poona, The Editors' Table, Dharwar, The Editors' Table, Belgaum, The Editors' Table, Karachi.

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