·PUBLISHERS NOTE
the
One of the manifold activities of the Parshvanath
Vidyashram is to arrange Extension Lectures in the
Narottamlal Hansraj Lecture Series on topics delating to
Jainology and Prakrit. The first Lecture Series under the
scheme was delivered by Dr. Prabodh Pandit oo
Prakrit Bhasa in 1953. Pt. Bechardasji Dosbi delivered the
second Lecture Series on the Jaio Canon in 1959. The
present book contains the third Lecture Series delivered by
Dr. H. C. Bhayani on the Hemacandra's Desipimamali in
1963. It will undoubtedly prove a useful study for a student
of Prakrit and Apabhramsa.
The authorities of the Vidyashram take pleasure in
recording their thanks to Dr. Bhayanı for accepting the
invitation for the Lecture Series. They are also gratelul to
Dr. V. S. Agrawala of the, Banaras Hindu University, who
kindly presided over the lectures.
P. V. Research Institute
Jainasbram,
Hindu University.
Varanasi-5.
14-2-66,
Mohan Lal Mehta
Director,

·CONTENTS
Pag.
Publisher's Note
1
Preface
1
Abbreviations
3
Introduction
3
I
12
Formal Variation in the Deśya Items of the DN.
Graphic Variation
Phonological Variation
12
20
57
Il Correction of Erroneous Interpretations
III Some Desya Items from Svayambba's
Paumacariya I-XX
(1) Items Common with the DN.
(2) Items not Recorded in the DN.
83
83
91

·Preface The present book is based on the materials collected by me for the three lectures I had the honour to deliver, from December 2 to 4, 1963, in the Shri Narottamlal Hansraj Lecture Series, under the auspecies of Shri Parsbwanatlı Vidyashram, Banaras Hindu University, Varanası For a student of Pralnt Apabhramsa (or one of the history of NIA languages) Hemacandra's Defināmamala (= Rayanālal ) presents a fascinating subject for study It has been on my mind since 1960 when, while guiding research work pertaining Deśya words in the Apabbramsa of Puşpadanta, I had an occasion to examine somewhat closely the work so far done on the DN Consequently, for the Prakrit and Jainism section of the Twenty first Session of the All India Oriental Conference (1961) I prepared a paper discussing some words from the DN* It was intended to be one of a series The Vidyashram invitation in 1963 for delivering lectures under its Series aflorded me, therefore, an cagerly sought opportunity to investigate further a few aspects of the DN and thereby try to extend in a few directions, even by small bits, the work so far done It is earnestly boped that the matter discussed in the book would induce some students of MIA to occasionally divert their interest to the many intriguing problems of the Desya stock of words I take this oppurtunity to express my deep sense of gratefulness to Shri Parshwanath Vidyasbram and especially to Prof Dalsukhbbas Malvama, Director LD Institute of Indology Ahmedabad, for doing me the honour of inviting • Subsequently the paper was published in the Bharalıya Vidså, XXII, 1962 (PP 51--56) under the title "Studies 11 Hemacandra's Deśınamamala' - a title I have also utilized for the present book

·2
I am
for the Lecture Series
thankful to Dr VS
Agrawala Head of the Institute of Indology, Banaras
Hindu University, who inspite of his many pressing
preoccupations kindly presided over the lectures and
enriched the attendant discussions with precious bits from
his many-saulted treasure - house of scholarly knowledge
I am also greatly obliged to Shri Krishnachandracharya,
the then Adhishthata of the Ashram who made all
arrangements for the lectures (and my stay at Baparas )
with devoted and warm sincerity
Ahmedabad
1965
HC BHAYANI

·Abbreviations Ap C CMC. Com. DCD. Apabhramsa Hemacandra's Commentary on the DN Caupannamakapurisacarıyam (ed A. 1 Bhajak, Prakrit Text Series Vol. III, 1961) Commentary (in general or on the DN ) Dravidian Etymological Dictionary (Burrow and Emeneau, 1961) A Critical Study of the Deśya and Rare words from Puşpadanta's Mahāpurâna and his other Apabhramsa works (An unpublished PhD thesis of the University of Bombay, by Ratna R Shrjan. 1962) DMP.

·MP. Puşpadanta's Mabapurāņa (ed P. L Vaidya, 1937- 1911) NC. Puşpadanta's Nayakumiracariu (ed. H. L. Jain, 1933) ND. Nepali Dictionary (R. L Turner, 1931) PC. Svayambhū's Paumacariu (cd. H. C. Bhayanı, 1952-1960) Pische! Grammatik der Prakrit.Spraclien (R. Peschel, 1900, English translation, Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages', by S Jha, 1957) Pk. Prakrit PL. Dhanaprla's Piialacchinimamåla (ed. B. J. Doslu, 1960) PSA Pālasaddamaliaſnavo (H. T. Shcth, Prakrit Text Series reprint, 1963) R. P. Ramanujaswami (see DN ) Rc. Svayambhū's Ritthanemnicariu (unpublished} SC. Svayambhu's Svayambhūcchandas (ed HD Velankar, Rajasthan Purătan Grantbinālā, No 37, 1962) SH. Hemacandra's Siddhahemababdanusāsana Sk. Sanskrit saab verbo Ta. Tamil Te. Telugu Tr. Trıyıkrama's Prakrita Grammar ( ed. P. L Vaidya, Jivaraja Jaina Granthamālā No. 4, 1954 wrong reading S. V. W. r.

·INTRODUCTION Hemacandra's Rayandiali (also called Desisaddasamgaho and Defināmamala) written sometime 2013-1050 AD. was the latest and probably the largest of ancient Indian lexicons of a certain class of Prahat ords, which have been known 35 desya, dest or desaju alter the traditional terminology The Desirum tm ili (further abortiated as DN) is not 1 quite sell-subsisting, independent work It is one integral part or unt within a larger grammatical and lexical network that wts based on a traditionally des elupert theory of words In ancient India language wis subjected to analysis and description mostly as a medium of literature and cultivated discourse, confined to a privileged class Grainmatical tradition since its earliest stages was ever deeply concerned about guarding the purity of the language, about the standard usage of the cultured - the śrslus. Since more thin eleven bundred years before Hemacandra, Prakrits too along with Sanskrit had been in use as literary medıa It was the constant tash of the long line of grammarians reaching up to and beyond Hemican Ira to authenticate the stock of words in literary usage as it was alturally and inevitably subject to unceasing renewal Literary Prahrits yere bighly conventionalized and stylized languages, more or less bookish and receiving ceaseless reinforcement from Sanskrit As one of the alms of Sanskrit grannars was to aid writers and critics, they came to deyote sections to rules deriving Prakrit phonology and gratomar from Sanskrit Accordingly the word-stock of Interary Pts'etits ret-yves treatment under a threelold classification (1) Roots and word stet, which were practically identical with their Sao,krst originals bºcau,e their sounds and meaning did not undergo any apparent or asteworthy phonological and sem sotic modificatie (balsam3-5) (11) ·6 Roots and word stems which had resulted from obvious phonological modification of their Sanskrit correspondents (tadbhava-s) (ul) The rest of words which as wholes of form-and meaning could not be derived from Sanskrit by applying the usual and accepted rules of phonological and semantic change (desya s) The last of these categories was autficnticated through compilations of standard Desl lexicons In his Siddhaheina grunnar Heinrcandra accomplished the task of providing codified rules for deriving the latsama and the tadbhava classes of words HI 18 DV covered the remaining desya class Hts commentary on the DN opens with the abservation that those words which could not be derived from Sanskrit through the adınıssible rules based on the phonological processes of omission addition and alteration were collected in the DN While defining the scope of his subject Hemacaodra has made it quite clear that he was not out to compile a a dictionary of all such words which were during his times colloquially current in various regions i e the words of regional dialects currently used in day to day intercourse His task was to deal with only that class of underivable words of literary Prakrit which was handed down over an immemorably long and hoary tradition As previously stated the purpose underlying the composition of Prakrit grammars and lexicons was altyays to provide to those well versed in Sanskrit dependable convigent and up to-date aids for composing and understanding Prakrit literature Hemacandra came at the end of a long line of Desikaras Some ten are actually cited or referred to in the DN Hemacandra justifies bis adding a new Dest lexicon to the several previously existing ones broadly on three grounds (1) Some of these works comparatively of a recent date, Hemacandra found to be erroneous careless and un critical The igaorance or misinterpretations on ths part of the authors, of earlier authoritative works had created ·7 a great confusion as to the correct form and meaning of many a Desi expression (2) This confusion was further confounded by the carelessness and erratic practices of the scribes (3) Moreover because the earlier lexicons did not adopt the alphabetical order and word-length principles of item-arrangement, there were no internal checks to guard against tlie spelling confusion Hemacandra adopted the alphabetical and word-lengthwise arrangement for his work In matters of doubt or difference he made his choice after critical weighing and where be felt the evidence to be fairly divided or undecisive, he accomodated alternative view points At numerous places in the commentary in the DN Hemacındra has cited and discussed authorities and contraverted views concerning the form and meaning of the listed items This fact combined with the numerous optional spellings and meanings accepted in his lexicon and the wild profusion of variant readings recorded by Pischel in his edition of the DN give us some measure of the bafflingly difficult problems that Hemacandra was required to face and it highly red sunds to his credit that his overall treatment of the Dests reveal a high degree of balance, clarity and scientific caution The same qualities are also evident from the manner he has delimited the scope of Deś whose working definztion, let alone a rigorous one was not so easy to state within the bunds of the then accepted general principles and frame of reference He sets up three criteria for characterizing Desi words (1) formal non derivability • Those lexical items which were not derivable from Sanskrit in accordance with the recognized rules of dersation were Desis (11) Semantic pon-deriyability Those expressions which though formally de ivable from Sanskrit elements, had a meaning different (though conceptually derivable) from that of the latter were Deśis (111) Tradition Some items which, though obylously more or less marginal, ·8 were considered Desi by a respectable and authoritative tradition and hence they were accepted as Desis Because the verbal bases that were not derliable frora Sanskrit could tale Sanskrt-derived verbal terminations and suffies, they were technically excluded by Hemacandra from the DN as against the earlier practice, and were listed as Verbal Substitutes in the Prakrit section of his Siddhahema grammar But as a concession to the established practice (and also for convenience of reference ), he has recorded most important of them by way of notes 10 his DV commentars. Here as everywhere. the approach of the Prahnıt grammarians in general is found to be more pragmatic than theoretical II wc properly appreciate this point, our modern objections to their lack o: rigour and consistency in distinguislung items of Sanskritic and non-Sanskritic origin would loose much of their force and some of them would appear rather like cauil. Vodern studies have succeeded in settling some of the sources of the Deśya strand of the Prakrit vocabulary Some of these words base evaked from Sanskrit words through complex or less easily discoverable phonological or semantic alteration Others derrte from Old Indo-Aryan material not at all attested in preseri ed or Anoua literature or attested only in the carliest stige (Vedic) or even further beyond (Pre-Indo-Arian) Still others are identifiable as Draudian loans But even after we set apart all such items that we can now derise or identify tron other languages, there remains a very large stock of words 15 obscure as cycr Actually the further research work on the DV has to proceed in two closely related directions certainment of the correct form and meaning of 4 listed item, and 24- certainment of its currency and dens att 11 Tlue first problem bas tuo aspects firstly the correct forms of the items is They trert 1e orded by llem acandra are to be settled The text of the DV as handed down to us bristles with profuse ·and confusing orthographic variants The textual problems and editorial difficulties have been well outlined by Prschel, who has accomplislied the task of fasthfully presenting all the textual variants from some seven MSS of the DNI and settling the text by and large But as he has observed, in several cases be felt considerably handicapped due to the absence of any dependable criteria for selecting from among the multiple spelling yariants, and in rare cases he tried to seek some help from the New Indo-Aryan material This latter source of information, leſt practically untouched by Puschel, but considerably availed of by Sheth and Doshl, can be exploited much more fully now firstly because of the lexicographical works like Turner's Nepali Dictionary and i Comparative Dichonary of the Indo-Aryan Languages Mayrhofer's Kursgefassle elymologisches 11 drlerbuch des Aliindischen and, Burrow and Emeneau's Draudian Etymological Dictionary, and secondly because of the further historical and comparative work in Indo-Aryan carried out after 1900 A D A second source of paramount importance now available to us is the considerable amount of Prakrit literature and almost the whole of Apabbramsa literature come to light since Pische] Much of it remains yet to be explored for settling tbe forms of the words in DN There are, however, indications that the problem of settling the correct form of the Deśi words was already considerably tangled when it was taken up and tackled (fairly reasonably we should say ) by Hemacandra Thougb in a number of cases Hemacandra did take notice of alternative formos, he could after all work under certain basic assumptions Turther be was bound by respect to tradition and laboured under considerable limitations of outlook and reference facilities as compared to a lexicographer of our 1 Ramanujaswami has collated three more MSS revised edition of the Pischel's work 2 for his ·10 age With our modern approach technique and means we are Ithely to regard or identify several separately listed items of the DV as only variants of some otber items listed elsewhere in the same work It may be also possible for us to discern some general orthographic or phonological traits underlying the formal variation which would have a wider significance for the history of Indo-Aryan The second aspect of the first problem is the ascertainment of the correct meanings of the listed items as given by Hemacandra In the text of the DN Hemacandra has given Prakrit meaning equivalents or synonyms of the Desya items in his commentary we find Sanskrit equivalents for the sanne In many a case these one-word renderings and paraphrases are bound to be ambiguous words can have several meanings - they can be homonymous and one cannot tell which of these is meant in a particular case if there are no restrictive indications To guard against this circum stance Hemacandra has provided illustrative stanzas The devised actual language context demonstrated the use of the recorded items and made it clear which of the several meanings of the pa aphrase word was relevant Unfortunately Ramanujaswami seems to bave ignored these illustrative stanzas As a consequence he has been forced to make arbitrary choice in amb guous cases and inevitably number of occasions it turns out to be the wrong choice So his English renderings in the alphabetical glossary given at the end of the DV text contain numerous errors Sheth and to a greater extent Doshi have properly consulted the illustratie stanzas and hence their interpretations are free from errors on this account Doshi has regularly given Gujarati translation of the illustrative stanzas some of which are considerably tough or obscure and must have proved fairly taxing Pischel even while condemning (rather unfairly) these illustrative verses as either void of all sease or of an incredible stupidity , was quite conscious of on a ·their cxegetical value Apart from wrong interj ictitions of ambiguous Sanskrit glosses, Rain 1fujuan si ng 1st Tenderings are also in numerous pinces vague imprecise of casual Tor the wider problem of the authentication of the meanings wc huve of course to fall back upon the 40112 tko meins as mentioned before, viz, the Prnkrit and Apabhramsa literatures and the New Indo Ary 111 linguagnu And again for tackling the second problem of settling the source and derllation of the Desja words the same two sources are to be utilized, besudles the important work done in the field of historical and comparative Indu Aryan and Dravidian lexicography which bas been already mentioned Studies of early Prakrst and Apibhramla texts from the exclusive point of view of the Defyi material contained in them would help us much in this direction but unfortu mately bardly any $stematic attempts have been made 50 far One important contribution in this subject is Mirs R Shriyans 'A critical study of the Desja and rare words from Puspadanta's Mahapurāna and his other Apabhramsa works (1962, unpublished asset) This Bombay Univeresity PhD thesis prepared under my guidance, deals with more than fourteen hundred items, collecting inlormation from and discussing meaning and origin in pumerous cascs Obviously many such comparative and critical studies are required for checking up the DV and the lost compilations it drew upon In the present effort, my Immediate aim being to gile some idea as to how the problem is to be tackled, I have drawn upon only a few Apabhramsa texts in an illustrative manner various sources ·+ 1. FORMAL VARIATION IN THE DESYA ITEMS OF THE DN. The formal variation among the items in the DN. falls under two distioct categories : variations of purely graphic origin and variations of phonological origin. Graphic Variation In the case of variations of graphic or scribal origin, out of the two ( or more ) variant forms (whether specified in the DN as alternates or not so specified, whether all of them noted by Hemacandra of only one noted ), one only is genuine, the other being really a wrong reading resulting from carelessly or ignorantly confusing some two written characters in the manuscript These scribal trrors have no basis in phonology, and if and when fully confirmed, such items can be rejected as 'ghost' words. Prakrit MSS. frequently confound (1) a and a (ora), (2) TJ and <4, (3) 2, 3, 7 and 3, (4) gand, (5) & and 3, (6) X and 2, (7) and a At times (8) and , or (9) , and a are misread for one another Several items of the DN seem to have derived from such confusions. 1. 7/a (or/a) variation (Initial and non-initial) 2179 (3,8) sort of head ornament' (Farliamurha). asta! (7, 59)'a head ornament' (FFCTTHCUTA). cf. Sk. 114417: hair-band (of precious metal ) ; lex. 31732' a string of pearls or other ornament for the harr' So alar) may have a scnbal origin. Tagliat (3, 13) destroyed' (Freffera.) cf. Tarifera (from lata 'to destroy ' etc., Sk + 5174' to put to flight', 'to defeat') (PSM) For ffauit and filem see further.

·13 3 Fafforce and fafferi (3, 13) stream (of water Y' (417) afiri (3, 21) 'small stream' (amper) cf fafiant (7,93 com) stream' (2171) according to some 4 fàrant (7,93) small stream of water' ( ATASAITE ) fafter drop' (PSM) faltfater (fafifari) may be of an anomałopoetic origin of Farzfaf5311 'stream, downpour' (PSM ). Old Guy झिरिमिरि, Mod Guj झरमर परफर ' duzzle rafies can be connected with Dravidian ciru'small' (DED 1326) cf format (3, 21) 'small thing', small stream' from Dravıdın cikka 'small' elc (DED 2057) Besides fecais there is f* (PSM) a small pit dug in the river bed for wales which is supported by Guy St fallas, raffi (v ! fatafors, fafsfaga, farosaftas etc ) (3, 12) 'wet' ( 21 ) PSM also notes variants fafafar? and frafaliza The word occurs in the form for fors in PC. (39, 6, 2 and 54 11, 1) and MP (20, 10, 11) The sense there 19 'damp and sticky and hence loathsome or disgusting' It occurs in CMC in the form falafelzs ( 179, 15 ) and fafalis ( 226, 23) Possibly there has been some confusion with fataleza (7, 70) 'one having a tender and weak body' (lola futeti ) which is to be compared with M fazlearn to wriggle or slide over the body - a snake, worm or similar slimy and soft creature fazliszta 'soft and Aabby or cozy, faccid, mashy; not elastic, firm stiff, tense ·14 PSM, records Patent or farosu inpure, a dirty thing, ditt' and factor 'loathsome, disgusting' (warna) 5. TIM, TEH (3, 19) glossed as Ogie { v. 1. Tew) चौसिमा, but as श्रायणकृष्णचतुर्दशी in com. योरनी (7,61) glossed as गहमिअचोमिटण and explained in com as श्रावणशुनपक्षचतुर्दशीभय उत्सव विशेप. or that particular day, according to some Variadis are वोरलया वोत्तलिया, वोरली, वेरेला, बोरला and वोरिछ. 6. 7 (7, 17) a kind of grass'. cf 54H (PGM.) 'sprouted'. 7 ff (8, 68), Fifaa (ibid) 'The children's game of hopping on one foot'. cf. Guj. die 'a particular movement in a folkdance.' 8 (3, 14) 'the fist.' 541 (6, 94) 'the fist' (or 'a fistful of rice , according to some - -com,), cf. Guj. 781, 85) 'a fistful of any eatable for filling the mouth with' ( which also supports the view noted in com.). 9.- (3,96 ) and 3) (6,96 ) 'a goat', cf, Guj na goat' and Pk. 'to babble'. Só 955, * seems to be the real word. 10. Flot (1, 134) 'big in size' ( sform:), 'im. modest' (fagtagfa ). cl. a) (PL)'immodest' (569f*:). 11. #res (2, 52) 'a place of work or business, a house'. One of the variants is n (2, 2)' work' (trice) derives from Sk. get. So i. e. Tu ·15 . derives from कृत्यालयम् (i.e. कृरय + आलयम्). cf. H. hared etc. from Sk. *974984 (IAL, 3429 ), and Modern Guj. H. 1937. Loss of final य of कृत्यालय is paralleled by किमल for किसलय and हिअ for हिअय (SH. 8, 1, 269), 12. Ff (2, 41 ) and 4 (PSM.! See further. 13. For pela (1,98) canopy', fare (3,9) and for! (3,9) 'Aat--nosed', ** (7, 68) pillow' accepted in the text, there are variants having for -7. That the latter are genuine is seen from sala occurring in Pk. and Ap. literatures, from Guj. alg 'fat-nosed' (M. aan 'compressed'), from Ap. Pesant 'fat-nosed' (PC. I) and from Faalaura (6, 98 ), feater and Pazal20 (PSM.! So too fa (6, 46), ' water ' against thc accepted from is supported by NC. 5, 10, 28. Facain (7, 72; SH. 4, 193) 'to wait' is preferable to fathie to wait'(PSM.). So also fegzot (3,28 'pursing the mouth in contempt' (Fragti galaquag) for fogat (PL. ). SBT (2,41 )... crab' against the (PL. ) is supported by Guj. 2798)". 14. In the case of avi (7, 57) 'the tail* (97834) [cf. fisro (3,36 ) and forg (3, 29), drg (PSM.) and Sk. g in the same sense (ND. 3. v. att and iftz ] and faci (7, 89) 'alms given in the * f (or faisa) (GS. 1,91 ) (noted also by PSM, but erroneously as * 9.59' for '8989') 'alphabet', should be fazat (or Gra) as shown by Guj. & or 913 'the post-consonantal vowel sign for a short or long u'. 1 ·16' + 3 ! thrashing floor' (fi). 'charitable gift (9779) (cf. fent (3,36 ) 'alms' (forel) and feugiat (3,28) a ox fond of corn' (ARIEET :) ] we cannot say whether व् stands for, which can explain variation with a 2. 53/72 variation 15. lpat (2, 13) skill' (TRA). In the com. Hemacandra notes ft as a variant form. Many MSS. read more and get for the accepted form. The forms with 95 are supported by actual occurrences at MP. 4, 18, 1: 9, 18, 6; 28, 27, 14; 48, 4, 7; 84, 3, 16; 86, 8, 2. At some of these places the word is glassed with 78, Hala, Aner or #14975. But in all these contexts qi. e. 'skilful, competent' fits well. See DMP. s. v. कोच्छर, कुच्छर R. incorrectly renders विज्ञानम् as knowledge! 3. </3/3/variation. 16. 4 (7, 83). 1. ' unmarried; ' 2. 'devoid of affection, unkind' (a FE: ; 3. piece' (av.); 4. cheek' (nos:), 5. 'servant' () 1. Guj. aial 'unmarried' presupposes a form वंढओ. So in this sense we should have वढो for षठो. 3. Sk. share, portion', Pk. 9, H. alz, Guj. atz; Sk. azla 'divides, shares, allots', Pk. az etc. show that the form should be it and not al. See ND. 8. v. aleg, ait, aie. cf. Sk. (lex.) yog to share'. If aus: means alusa 'broken, maimed', we have to compare Sk. quo: (also spelt 15, quz:, qus: ), Guj. atat 'tailless, maimed'. See ND. 8. y, ala), āuz ·17 a 5. DN. 6 88 notes servant', though Sk. (lex ) has que and won in the meanings tailless or crippled, unmarried, servant, dwarf'. SH. 8, 4, 447 has 3. dwarf' (PSM). Guj. योठियो "dwarf', als dwarfish', presupposes a form ठो. 17. 31937 (v.). I, 73, 73, 7", tEleast) (2, 41) sexual intercourse' (rar). cf. Flz = 24 (2, 50; SH. 8, 4, 168 ); stylaz fiataifau (PSM.); alfa (v. l. 843 ) = 4778 (PC, 14, 11, 8); 12x (v. l. F') ibid.' (PC. 79, 11, 4). PSM, notes also f3837. cf. PSM. TEA, and agai, CT ht. 18. Hafa (3, 55 ) moving about' (757 40L). rict (3,61 )'sport, play' (PET). slalaan (3,60) Risalike play' (Thiet ater). But there is also af (SH. 8, 4, 161 )= 18. 19. 93911 (6,8) 'kick' 17791972 ). Other synonymous words given are 97001 and TEST (for पटुला? ). One of the variants is पटुआ (or पडया). Guj. 918 (f.) kick' presuppases TERT. 20. HERE(v. I. Az", 47° , etc ) (6, 146) 'turbid' () The meaning the anger of a married woman (afiottari: 1) is obviously metaphorical So also the third meaning 'impure' (3919). Ri's meaning tear' (2) is incorrect. It is based on a misunderstanding of the Pk. symonym 23. PL. 158 has पटुहि - कलुषं जलम्. The two appear to be the same. The latter is connected with 3+3€, tak 3 ·18 29134 'ibid 21 ? make turbid', of = 834 SH 8,4 154, DN 6, 29, at 'to muddie' PC 2,13 4, 26, 11, 3, SH 8, 4, 439 (3), EE PC 4, 10, 3,26, 7, 1, 76, 9, 5 Moreover we have clear ( 1 137) and com says, according to some eylesi', in the sense of 'the anger of a married woman' (19 gat) This also fires up , cf 3 'to shake violently, to agitate ( mass of water)'- Efe PC 23, 13, 5, 371770 PC 17 IO, 4 staga! ( 1, 151) 'not of the lower garment' (नीवी Among the variants there are ओवट्टी and उबट्टी PL has 33! Guy, Ma ' part of the lower garment crossed to form a knot on the wart supports the spelling with y From the mode of forming this knot (viz, by first crossing the borderparts twisted to form cords, and then tucking them up on the sides) we can suggest derivation from Sk 5, Pk 3itaz, 317275 (3, 40 com ) 'old' Hem notes this as given by others for stat Sk तरण्ड, भरण्ड arog (from ato, #701, 970) show that 7203 (SI lex ) derives from through Ji FTI was possibly misread for PL Seal, Sk 29 (7, 29), TOUT, 757 (7, 24) 'a clod' ( 17 ) 4 / variation 4751, 17,85) 'handsome' (9977 ! 'learned, welltrained'( agfiles7 ) Many a MS reads aan This seems to be the correct reading in the light of Pk gagh 'learned, 22 23 ? 24 A

·19
well-grounded' occurring in Jain canonical texts.
It derives from Sk. प्राप्ता.
5, 3/3 variation
25. पिडन्छा (6,49) 'a female friend' (सखी),
PSM. notes 12er in the same sense. (It is also used
at Sc. 1, 176, 1d.) In view of the scribal tendency
to confuse & and J and in view of the parallelism
माइ, माउआ = माता, मातृका; सखी
मामि = मातुलनी, पसी
माउचा, माउच्छा - मातृधमा, सखी
पिउच्छा - पितृश्वसा, सती
it is likely that really f93731 was nothing but a
w... for पिउच्छा.
6 थ/ध/ variation
26. थमलो (also थो) (5,25) brord, cxtensive' (विस्तीर्ण).
ch. धमलो (5,58) 'ibid.'. Besides there is also वसलं
(7,33)- दीर्घम् .
of also थूरी (5, 28), पूरी (6,56) a weaver's
implement' (तन्तुवायोपकरणम् .)
7. द/र variation
27. दोसाणिभ ( 5,51) 'purified, cleaned' (निर्मलीकृतम्).
c. रोसा (SH, 8, 4, 105; DN. 7, 12) - भृञ् 'to
purify' and रोसाणिअ = मृष्ट (PSM.).
8 म/स variation
28. चिमिणो (3,11) • hairy' (रोमशः).
of विसिणो (7,64) hid.' and the comfarsion
between I and च.
29. मजोक (6.118) fresh' (प्रत्यग्रम् ).
c६ सजोक (8,3) bid'.

·20 30 #A" (6,115) 'barber' ( affai) cf af377 (8, 47, v Laktaal, 97131t) 'ibid.'. 31 T (6, 137 com , SH 8, 4, 106) and u (8,52 com, SH 8,4 106) 'to break' (3767). 32. 6, 34 (4, 15 com, SH 8, 4, 161 ) to turn round, wander' (7) 33 94, (4, 161 com , SH 8, 4, 161 ) = ** 34 fìcht (5,27) fickle-minded' (talan, 4 la fá 7 gefa cf FACUTÀ (Tr) which, deriving from Sk fent * Beà confirms the sense given above Phonological Variation Besides the graphic variants produced through the carelessness or ignorance of the scribes, we have in DN variant forms which derive from some phonological development in MIA As Des ya words had heterogeneous sources, differing among themselves chronologically as well as regionally it is natural to find in Desya lexicons items that exhibit different stages of phonological development or varying dialectal treat ment Comparison and analysig have revealed the following types of variation (1) varying treatment of 5 / 311, /9 before a cluster, (2) variation between cluster with an initial nasal and one without it, (3) variation between two contiguous vowels and their contraction, (4) variation between initial , 7. For and their loss, (5) variation between an aspirate and 7, (6) variation between unvoiced stop and its voiced form, an

·21
(8) /
(9) / (7).
(10) / its loss,
3
(12) /,
(13) 3 / %,
(15) /
(16) AT/
(17) /A,
(18) dental/ cerebra,
(19) palatal / dental
(20) 7/9,
(21) nonaspirate/ aspirate,
(22) single consonant) its geminate,
(23) nasal/ 18 logs,
(24) instal vowel / its loss,
(25) initial syllable / its loss
(26) medial vowel / its loss,
(27) cases involving assimilated forms,
(28) 3/3,
(29) at / op;
(30) cases involving matathesis,
(31) cases involving haplology,
(32) unclassified cases
1 / and /& variation
As Prakrit had always a short vowel before a cluster,
al and T in such a position were always short There
being no special character or device to represent short
# and short , they were wnttea loosely either as

·22 ant, t or as 3, ş. Moreover, in some dialects, ait, , 3 and इ in close syllables seem to have undergone some change in quality also, as is shown by MIA. and NIA. evidence though its exact character and conditions are as yet more or less undefined. Hemacandra has noted in his grammar these variations (SH. 8, 1, 85; 116) and has also made remarks under DN. 2, 101. At several places in the DN.com. too he has noted such variants See Pischel S$ 84, 119, 122, 125, 127. (1) 3/877 and / Variations (i). An (or 5) variant (as the case may be) for the following has been noted by Hemacandra in the commentary (or elsewhere ): 35-49. 347f82T (1, 112), garant (1, 130), samt (1, 136), BETEI (1, 101), JIHA" (I, 103), 3413 (1, 133), Jana (1, 119), 37447-41 (1, 122), THIS (1, 103), fi (2, 33, Y (3, 14), les (3, 35; 3, 39), umut (6, 106), frau (7, 14), *) (7, 23). 50-52. For aleat (2, 13), ETEHA (3, 33) an 3-variant is noted in the com. 077(4, 44 com; SH. 8. 4, 143) and (SH. 8. 4, 143) 'to throw' (fera). (ii). There are other cases of doublets, which though given by Hemacandra as independent items, come under this category : 53. Eles (SH 8, 4, 125), men (1, 163) 'to snatch'. 54 FT) (2, 34), (2, 65 ) 'jackal' 55. (2, 50), 5€ (SH. 8, 4, 76 com.) call' (741++).

·23 & 56 $739 (2, 37) village headman'. FE (2.48)' one who creates dissensions among the village people and becomes deceitfully the master of the village'. 57. gant (6, 133) 'the beam of a house' Hot (8,4) 'ibid' 58. 36(6.94), sagt (1, 128) and ITIAT (6,95 ) on the one hand and 953 (6, 96) and allra (7, 80) on the other 59. fai (7, 14 ) thrown or blamed' (Brixia), 'concealed (747), 'put to shame' (afza) cf. falazt (7, 28) thrown or blamed' (afin !, concealed' (17) 59a 11a (7 12 com., SH. 8, 4, 185) 'grind' (Far), Twof (7, 8) 'grind-stone' (223) 60 fararet (8, 29) 'snorting sound' (affa raiz: ). cf. 1972317 (843) 'snapping sound produced by the thumb and the middle finger' (argf271777). (iii) in other cases we have a corresponding 37) - or 3 - variant (or - or - variant) as the case may be, occurring in Pk or Ap literature and mostly recorded in PSM: 61. ajau (1, 155) upper garment; a) es (PSY.) * ibid ECHI (PSM., Cv (PC.) 'ibid'. 62. Bouffant (1, 169) ' attacked' ( 3479177 ). gulat (PSM; PC: MP.) ibid. 63. Fant (3, 10) 'child'. cf. 7, 7A (PSM.) 'pupil'. 64. 79 (3, 17) window'. cf. 7912 (PSM.) 'abid'. > $

·24
65. first $13, 36) 'adulterer'.
cf. cuf (PSM; PC )' adulteress'.
66. i8 (3, 31) 'small lane' (7377).
cf fölszt, Fera (PSM)' an opening in the fence
serving as a passage'.
67. at (3, 32) worn out household utensils like
winnowing fan etc.' (oftoi af896().
feat (PSM.) 'ibid.'
68. gat (4, 11; 2, 73 ) man of an untouchable caste
( 797 !
at (PSM) 'abid.' cf. Sk. 517, 37, da.
69. Pa (4, 15 com.; SH 8, 4, 99) roar' ( 8).
(MP. 55, 5, 1) 'ibid.'
70. ait (5, 23) 'locust' (T24 ).
fait, fast (PSM.) 'ibid.'
71. TIE (5, 44) elephant'.
77E (PSM: Ap literature) 'ibid.'
72 Tait (6, 58)'a cowherd, a buffalowherd'.
füerit (PSM.) ' ibid.'
75. * (6, 147) wilful, unrestrained' (fåtą); y lasait
(1, 156 com.)
15a (SH. 1, 4, 365; PC.) ' unrestrained, free,
unbound' ().
74. ET (8, 70) stake' (201).
Elsa (PSM.) 'ibid.'
(iv). In other cases we have a variant in NIA.
derivatives.
75. T (1, 85) * well-digger'.
cf, Guj. air 'ibid.' (From Kannada 13).

·25 76. ** (2, 74) - coltage, room" (94) 63596 cf Guj M pat room, single room used as a tenament' (IAL 3946) 77 1771 (6, 86) 'noise to scare away (fifaa 77 ) of Guy फलाटो फूफाडो फ्यागे, ईपयाडो 'hissing of an enraged snake etc!, H 347171 hiss' Besides we have silau (Guj! 276 (H), etc. (IAL 2547), F (Gu ), it (H) etc (ND tal) siz, gja (Guy etc ) ( ND 58 ) A (H), etc (ND 5a), (Gui), f(H) etc, foto) (Guj ; ASTERS (Guj ), ele (Guj, H, M etc. ) (ND 00). these support one of the variants in the pairs given just above (2) Variation between a cluster with an initia) nasel and one without it, Prakrit grammarians have taken note of sporadıc na şahzation in clusters They have collected the instances under aatia or apzifa group See Prschel, 574 Conversely a nasal cluster has become a long consonant or the nasal 13 lost 78 erfit (1, 26) (19) Hemacandra rejects (in com ) afinat which, he says was erroneously read by some Tr has not 79 gafaat, 3fe37 (according to some ) (1, 47) plump fleshy' ( 399py, 1) The forms derive from *maantua (Dosh), *aron चितम् c तम् 'to contract, 2017 to cause coagulation ', ' buttermilk' 80 oz (1, 14) K24 falazat (1, 41 ) PIATTA 4 ·26 खुडय 7 . 81 (2,171) ' stumbling' (स्खलितम् ) Thir 13 probably the same as *934, denving from खुड् cf उपखुड्, पक्खोड् etc 82 गुलुच्छ (7, 92) 'turning round' (भ्रमितम् ) has a vanant गुलुछ cf Sk गुलुच्छ and गुलुछ - bunch' 83 चुप्पालओ (3, 17) a window' (गपाक्ष ) cf चुपालओ (PSM ) ibad ' 84 चुछो (3, 15) परिशाषित तुच्छ (5, 14) अवशुष्कम् 85 णदिअ (4 19) 'the roar of a lion' (सिंहरुतम्) cf Pk पहिअ from Sk नर्दितम् 86 फ्मुलो, पसुलो (6, 82 ) "released', 'left' (मुक) 87 फुकी (6,84) 'washerworman' ( रजकी ) उप्फुकिआ (1, 114) ibrd ' of हिका (8, 66) 'washerwoman' 88 वियोवणय (6,98) 'pillow' cf füze}2401 and facilitat (PSM) bid' 89 पप्फु. (6,64), पपुआ (6 12} दीर्घम् 90 रिक्ष (7,6) httle' and लिको (7, 22) child' (वाल ) 91 सिबीर (8 28) 'straw' (पलालम्) cf farat straw ' PC 47, 6, I (gl शुष्कतृण), 62, 11, 4 etc, DMP 779, PSM also fafiga सिप (8, 28) लिप्पीरें (3,28) 'ibrd' 92 सिप, (8, 32 com, 8, 4,96) सिप्प (PSM) 'to sprinkle (सिन्) 93 हिंडोलण (8,76), हिडोग्णय (8, 76) when compared with हिडोलग (10 metathesis of हिलोडग 8 69) show for r or simplification of a conjunct ·27 (3) Vowel contraction There are several cases wherein items having contiguous vowels are found with their vowels contracted For vowel contraction in Pk see Pischel, 8165-168 The cases involving , and also are included here We have contractions of (1) eper er, (11) ** > (m) अय >ए, (v) अउ >ओ, (५) अय> ओ, (1) अ>ats), (1) एअ>ए, (v) मा मो (1) मास (आय)>आ 94 करपायलो (2, 22), फग्यायो (2, 53) 'coagulated milk' (क्लिास) 95 डाभल (4,9) the eye', दालिम (<दाअलिअ) (5,38) Hibd' 96 पाषण (6, 18) falling at the feet' From पावर्ण र पारवडण, Sk पादपतनम् 97 पामदा (640) 'crushing grain with feet' From पायमा, Skपाद+"मर्श 98 रामा राला, रमा (7 1) 'the पियशु creeper' 99 वायउत्तो पाउती (7, BB) 'an edulterer, a prolugate' (विद , भार) (1) आठ 100 भइराणी (1,58), एराणी (I, 147) ' Indra's consort' (इन्द्राणी) 101 मइहरो (6, 12} }, मेहरो (rbrd, com ) 'the village headman' (प्रामप्रार) of PSM मयहरो (11) अयप 102 वैशिष (7,75) 'censure' (From *षयणिभ Sk वचनीयम्) For the shortening cf Pk पाणिअ, Sk पानीयम् ,

·28
103 वयली, वेली (7,34) 'sort of creeper' (निद्राकरी लता).
104 मेटभो (6, 139) 'a deer snare' (मृगतन्तु )
This denves from मयडभो < Sk मृग दभ 'ndeception
for deer' cf Pk दभो, डभो With मृग-तन्तु cf lexical
मृगजालिका In the same sense
(iv) अउ >ओ
105 तउहिआ, तोवट्टो (5,23) 'sort of ear-ornament called
प्रापट्टिका In Sk
106 पउहारी योहारी (6,97) 'broom' denve from पहुआरी
10 बहुकारी 'themulupher the bringer of abundance ,
the euphemistic coinage for the tabooed word HATI
or its equivalents
107 मरदी (6, 117) मोडा (6 117) जर
(v) भय >ओ (उ)
108 zalet (Ap liternture) quickly, suddenly
दुत्ति (from दोति) (5,41) quickly' (पीप्रम् ।
109 परी (5,35) 'thrend' (त) (f Gu) दारो
Hदोरा)
दोरो (5,38)', grdle (करित्रम) cf Guy दोरो in
Oa Cu गयदोरो, Mod Gu) दोरोin the same sense
(vi) उम>3
110 दुम (SH 8, 1, 119) 'fine cloth' (cf Pk युगुर्थ,
Sk लम्)
दुष (5.41) 'cloth' (नया)
(vii) एम-१
पेरिम (7.77. SH 8, 4,89) 'nland (FIR)
सभा (7,77) 'jeweller' (
HR)

·29 (viil) 13011 112 E31, 9121 (6, 63) sort of creeper' (faalut mar) (c Sk gi) (4) Loss of the initial stop, In a number of cases we have alternate forms with the difference of the initial stop The general trend in Prakrit was to preserve the initial stop but at the beginning of the second number of a compound, the stop was bable to be treated as in the word nienor and elded, depe ding upon the cohesiveness within the compound (Pischel, $ 184) The words collected below present a mechanical list No attempt is made to discuss their derivation Only some of them may have a phonological origin, the others deriving from divergent sources It will be noted that in the list, words beginning with * predominate in the case of inual aspirated stop only the aspiration () 19 preserved 113 29 (1,7) (2, 12) 114 DFT95) (1,8) the aptari tree 1937 (2, 53) 115 after (1, 10) cold, sard, [231 (from 97 3,4, SH 8,4, 2) (fran) 116 fazt (1, 45) "long' (D) strict (5, 52) 117 31 (1, 80) cottage' () Tartat (3, 11) cf 21 (6, 132 ) 'ibid, Jithe As’oka tree } ·30 " . . 118 उकुडो (1 91) 'intoxicated, कुकुडो (2,37) arrogant' (मत्त) 119 उकुरुहो ( उकुरुडो) (1, 110) कुकुरुडो (2, 13) 'heap, heap of refuge or dirt Besides मुकुण्डो (6, 136) (राशि, उत्कर निकर मुग्घुरुडो ( .) अवकरराशि ) घुघुरुडो (1,109) with उकुरुडो and #cf उव्यहइ and मुं (SH 8, 2, 174), इरिआ ( 1, 80 ) and मिरिआ (6,132) 120 उच्छिल्ल । 1,95) 'hole, opening' कुच्छिल (2_24) 'hole or opening in the fence 121 उररी ( 1, 88) animal' (पशु) कुररी (2 40) 122 उल्ली (1,87) fireplace' (चुल्ली) Pk चुली, Sk चुल्लो ' fireplace' 123 ऊआ (1, 139) 'louse' (यूका) जूआ (PSM ) ibrd' 124 ऊसारो (1 1401 sort of pit' कूसारो (2 44) (गर्त विशेष ) 125 आल (1,5) 'day' ce * to morrow, yesterday, dawn,' कलकल्लि 'every. day', अणुअल (1, 19) 'dawn' 126 इघअ (1,80) 'smelled' faferat smelled' (PSM) cF PSM जिंघ् 'to smell', जिंघण — smelling' 127 धब्बो (5,57) 'speed' ( वेग ) cf हव्व = शीघ्रम् ' speedily, quickly' and हाविर (धाविर) ·31 and na (8,75 ) 'a fast rumner, courier Sk 97 ' to run') (from (5) Loss of occlusion from initial aspirated stop 128 ) (6, 84)'a dwarf' (1147 ) FER ( 8 67) bid' 129 In the light of these, it is not outright speculative to suggest that fleet (6 47) kite' stands for fora, which is the same as feret (, 68) 130 9377 (6, 85) blacksmith' (cf PSM 97, 99 * to blow') (8 71) blacksmith 131 Compare fähitt and fent at SH 8, 2, 174 (0) Variation between a non initial aspirated stop and 132 48427, Rep} ( 6 121) pude' (rap) 133 BESITFT, Bregerint elfogla (1,41 ) enemy, dress' (Sk द्वेश्य and वेष = Pk वेसो) If og and ' are taken as stem-enlarging pleonastic (or diminutive) suffixes the base can be derived from Sk अक्षिगृह or अक्षिहर. 134 Faffalen (vl faria', Patfe) (3 14) 'curds' Fufeftim (vl feel) (3, 30) abid PC 37, 1, 4 has fallen and 34, 11, 3 has fafisica cf (3, 29) 'cream of curds' (feare ) > (7) Initial voicing There are only two cases both of obscure origin and so equally plausibly explicable as instances of ·32 devoicing or of some other, not necessanly phonogical, process 135 i (2, 95) 'the Bimba creeper. Momordica monadelpha geTIES (2, 39) 'the Bimba fruit' (a CSk 9) Guj घोल presupposes गोल्हा 136 94 597 (6, 106 com , SH 8, 4, 161) 'to wander' (9) 137 (8) Post-nasal voicing Against the general Prakrit trend to preserve unchanged post nasal unvoiced, stop, Saurasent exhibits a tendency to voice it if the cluster is -nt- (Pischel, $275) This type of voicing is known to be a characteristic development in the dialects of the Sindh- Panjab area que (7, 39 ) Siva's attendants' (191) This appears to be the same as atenie वकाक्षा cross-eyed ones 138 ait (7, 42)'hag' () This appears to be the same as *4443 1 e पड़े पातुक 'fond of falling in mud' cf Guy गळे पडु false claimer, a pretender', lit One who is in the habit of falling upon another's throat' 139 fifesa (2, 11) a small piece of wood' (agz18) (2, 11 ) 'ibid cf fifafa37 ( 80 ) ' a piece of stick (such as can be used to cleanse the teeth-ctevices)'., किलज (PSM) 'sort of grass', 'bamboo trough' 140 97995 and what (2, 29) 'an aquatic burd' a ·33 141, 594 (3 31) longing and prinlul uneasiness due to love (বগগৰ cf झुझुमुसय (शुअमुमय according to some me) (3. 58) mental distress (malga ic due to separation, as is clear from Hemacandra's illustration of also 996 (6, 134) 'mental agitation मनस आयुरता 10 due to separation as is clear from the illustration. {42 tt, id (6, 138) elephant-keeper's wife' 143 Jenit (1,67 com ), (1,87) 'a device consisting of a weighted pole working as a lover for drawing water from a well' (702r) cf st(1, 87) in the sime sense 144 74 (755) 'the flower plant hunda Thus derives from S नागनी cf Pk गासती, यासैनिआ Connected with an a 'spring', not with an to render fragrant', to perfume 145 facem? (7, 65) 'Rahu' From विहुदुओ< विधुतुद (Pischel, $9) 146 féy (4 9) 10 fall in water (97) This is the same as fish (4 9 com, SH 8,4, 197) * ta slip down fall (ET) PSM has noted and accurrence festa from KP (7, 42) (9) Voic of a medial stop cluster Voicing of an assimulated but originally voiceless, consonant cluster is known from some instances involving -#- Puschel fias noted instances of > ($326) F- from 1790 (probably isolated from occurences with prepositions e g for) provides an instance of -- --18-(--) 5 ·34 strong tendency . s Further intervocalıc -- had a to become voiced ( Peschel, $ 200 ), and this would explain the one instance of -- -- . 147 279-2 ( I, 59, SH 8, 4. 181) see' (ET) 3174331 ( 1, 48, SH 8, 4, 181) abd'. These denve from Sk 37 (Pischel, $ 326) 148 facai531 ( 7, 70) 'destroyed' ( arftar ) The synonyms noted are faciszy and fafigisst cf fata = fallara PC 14, 1, 4, 79, 10, 6; fc4199 = FATT 77, 3, 3, faa1777, 10, 5 Bh 9, 13,3 It derived from Sk fū + Ftipa. NC 3, 11, 13 has lanten in the sense 'insulted' (gl 24faa, arisa) SDP 1368 (10) The mtial / variation In a number of instances, an initial - seems to the non-initial treatment ie changes to an The explanation may be the same as one that serves for the elision of initial stops (p 29 ), or it may be sought in scabal confusion between 9 and a 149 Fiat (6, 15) 'collection, mass' (fa$t ) aigh (7, 38) abundant, plenty of' ( 994 ) 150 EID (69) 'row' ( ) aaret (7, 38) '1bid' For EE / angl see under 151 976877 (6, 13) 'filament of lotus, etc ' ( 8 ) areas (7, 33) 'ibid (347) (Hem has Wustrated these with the same expres sion ATG, of14) 1529 (6,4)cotton' ( 9 ) asa (7, 32) 'bid'. receive

·35
c६ पलर्स (6,70) 'cotton fruit' and पलही (6,82)
catton', PSM. पदही
153 पल्लवाय ((, 26) 'a field ' (क्षेत्रम् )
Also an according to Goprla as noted by
Hemacandra in the com
154 पाऊ, पाउअ (6,75) 'sugar-cane'
वाऊ (7,53) brd
155 बउलिअ (7,44) piece of flesh roasted on a spit'
(शुलाप्रोत मासम्)
cf qafasat from 939 (6, 29, SH 8, 4, 90 ) 'to
cook'. At PC 77 13, ! पओल्यि 1s used with बटर
'dried flesh' (cf. DMP. 216, 378, 379)
156 वत्तद्धो (7, 85) 'well-versed' बहुशिक्षित and PSM
पत्तत्यो, पत्तहो 'bd ' (= प्राप्तार्थ.)
157 वडिसर (7,78) 'base of the hre-place' (चुलीमूलम्)
cf पडिअरो (6, 17) ibd '
158 cf also वगो (7, 30 ) and Pk. पको, वगेवर (7,42)
from पके and पडू (पत्)
159 पप्पोमओ (6, 12) 'the cataka bird
वप्पीओ (7,33) 'bid'
cl वप्पीहो, पपीहो (690) and H पपीहा, Gu], वर्षयो.
160 पेंदा (6, 50 ), वठसुरा (7.78) 'muddy liquor' (क्लुपा
.
मुरा)
161 पेडइओ (6,59) 'a grain merchant, a bana rocer'
(कणादिविवेता पणिक )
वेडइओ (7 76)'a merchant' (वाणिजक)
162 पोलण (7,73) 'shmy, shppery' (पिच्छिलम्)
cf पिलर (6,49,686) 'sippery ground' (पिच्छिलो देश)

·36 (11) / variation This is found in many Sk words also MSS show considrable amount of uncertainty on this point Most Ap MSS have only & Several NIA languages (eg Bengalı, Hindi ) have favoured a at the cost of a Thus there is an orthographic as well as phonological basis for this variation Uz variation (Initially) 163 The following words are said in the commentary to have an initial a according to some authorities. grecia, a, a, (6, 20) 4837, anak! (6, 91) arytas aro (6, 92) au, 1979 (6, 93 ) as (6,95 ) 164 Some authorities according to the commentary read azarat (7,47 ) as agaie), au (7,75 ) as 270, galite (7, 79 ) as aalaga, atzel (7, 80) ae alzat; gonit (7, 94) as goutt 165 feet (7, 61) elephants trappings' ( a TIT ) This is obviously the same as fant (1, 83, 6, 105 ), gle (PSM) an ascetic's seat' and fet, faraan (6, 105), Sk agt 166 With alie (7, 80 ) 'pseudo-brave' (lyn) Compare qe (6, 94, SH 6, 4, 98) prattle': boast and its derivatives Evidence from NIA indicates initial a for atale (Guj 2947), ala (Guj ), 7634 (Gu], "), 799738 (Guj 1%), 2139 (Guj acze !, 213649 (Guy at), az (Guy 931), 713231 (Guja) ·37 WOI- (12) mai For this development in Prakrit (especially in Apabhrams’a) see Pischel, $ 251 (SH & 4, 397 ) where dropping of 13 also instanced Many NIA languages (Gujaratı 18 a limited exception) have changed medial # to 17) 167 cafea (4, 22) present promised to a deity for fulfilment of a desire, and generally to propitiate (599faar) Hem notes that according : some the form was व सि cf Sk FETI worship, adoration', HAFTA shipped, adored', M 798=397774874 168 un (7, 48 ) ' rapidly, hurriedly, soon' (star) cf ali 37 7, 49) 'bid' 169 an, auqo iv 1 faz#99) (7, 68 ) 'pillow' cf faatana (6, 98 , facilen (PSM), ibid 170 elefant and Islan) ( 8,63) 'a stick' ( 293 ) The varlants are attain, Eſt77, ferart The latter half of the word seems to be derived from grat', which had alternative developments ºpin' and 'annº sor'an') of sent (1, 62) from araman through ataran and haplologic dropping of ºq. 171 99547 (6, 127) 'a chain omainent for the neck, won across like the sacied thread, over the left and under the right shoulder Most likely this word and 2514 (7,51) 'an ear-ornament' are of the same ongin (( 9724** ) 3 ·38 172 मयडो or मडओ (6, 115) आराम cf वयडो (7, 35) वाटिका 173 मुद्दी (6, 133) 'a kiss'. वुदी (6,98) ibd.' cf Ka Te muddidu ' to kiss', muddu 'a kiss', Ta muttu muttı 'to kiss', Ma muttu, muttı 'a kiss' (DED 4063) 174 चीसालइ (7,73, SH 4 28) ' mixes' (मिश्रयति) It derives from मीसालइ मोसाल - मीस् (Sk मिथ् ) + causal suffx - आल्-, attested in Pk. तिक्खाल, देवाल etc (13) Loss of म् 175 विलमा (7,34) 'bow string विलइअ (7,92) 'strong (as a bow) derives from विधि-पिलमिअ । e विलमा+-इअ. 176 फूओ (6,85) 'blacksmith' फूम् , पुम् (PSM ) to blow', हुमो (8,71) 'blacksmith 177 फुपुआ (6,84) "the fire of dry lumps of cowdung' (परीषामि) (पोउआ 6, 61 also has the same meaning) of पुपुमा (PSM ) in the same sense . (14) ड>ल See Pischel, ६ 240; SH 8, 1, 102 178 पुग्डो, कुठलो (2, 63) 'merciless unkind' (निर्दय ) ·39 ८ढ and 179 Ft (2, 45 ) 'the neck' (gar) cf Sk #73 chest bosom, lap the interior of anything cavity hollow' 180 a (v I SETT) 'pathway through conflagration' ( 9 ) Ti and others have दड्वाली Pischel ($ 222 ) derives - et from an But it is the same as Skaní See IAL 1102 cf Pk ' burnt ' दुहोली (v ! दुद्धोली । (5, 43) row of trees, avenue seems lo have Sk orga as its first constituent 181 aaa (7, 75 ) besides SL ferq Pk 37 and Sk विडवक, Pk विडयग, वेडबग, वेलबग 182 cm (8 61) talkative person, person indulging in empty talk' (aguig?) cf Gu] हस्पो . person given to inuch senseless talk ck Pk हडप्य, हडाफ 'sort of vessel or container 183 01 (8 72 ) hiccough' (feas) Guy हेडकी hiccough' presupposes हेडका, हेडुकिमा cf परही 'cotton with its varnant डही (15) ► See Pischel $244 184 apr (or farm) besides ayant (or a797817, 65 ) shame bashfulness (79) 185 plesat (2, 59) cloud cf Sk कादविनी, Pk कालविणी 3 ·40 are (10) / I variation See Pischel, $ 241 186 23 (2, 6), and Ft (SH 8, 2, 174) 'crematorum' ( 2194 ) cf Sk pati (lex) 'ibid' 187 m (3, 15) 'fire brand, torch' () PSM notes its two occurrences from Pk.literature, as also three vapants 3301, ferit, and agree MP has three occurrences, but the form is gera, glossed as ज्याल See DMP s v. चुरुलि, where M 73, Ka fs 'torch of twig or branches cited for comparison and on the basis of Ka Te curukku 'exccessive heat or fire and curikoulburning fire brand' a Dravidian origin is suggested See also DED 2236 and 2237. 188 aft (2, 16), alternatively F7451 (com ) coarse cloth ( FLESTER) (17) f/ variation. See Pischel § 257. 189 Bliams (1, 24)'a tiger' BE (1 56 ) 'sbid' c PC 3Sat, afzuis (glossed as fa7, 5419 ) and MP अलियलि See DMP sv अलियलि Trh has भल्ली. 190 F4 (2, 18) AFFI Tu or qura(2,58 ) 4771 191 fleri (7, 6) 'little, small' (TTA) fashi (7, 22) boy 'child' (416) cf M 1' boy' ·41 1923i (7, 14) T, 124 fal$35 (7, 28 ) , a. 193, azaar (7, 77) agir. cf. वेलरिअं and चेरुलिअ (PSM.) (18) > See Puschel, $ 264 Turner, Some Problems of Sound change in Indo-Aryan,' 1960, p. 29. Bhayani,' Some Problems of Apabhramsa grammar reconsidered', Indian Linguistics, 25, 1964, 71-76. 194 chat, est (5, 43), ' unfortunate' (549) 195. Faget free (6, 47) 'sort of wind instrument made of straw' 196 1937 , 9) cut' (fe). tregon (7, 10)' with tail cut off' (fayah ). 197 928 16, 4) cotton' (#qfg.) (noted also at SH. 8, 2, 174) cf 480 (6, 70 )'cotton fruit' (). ant (6, 82) 'ibid, ao (7, 32) 'ibid' PSM has noted occurrences of both gak and from literature. For the latter there occurs also a variant (GS. 549 ). (19) 78 / 5 variation. This derives from alternative treatments of an onginal 2. See Pischel, $317-322. 198. aprią72, TMT (1, 40)'shaven face' (paulaa gen). 6 ·42 The forms presuppose an original containıng It is not clear whether the forms derive from Sk 21.2, 317811 ' to chip off, to chop off' 199 3737€. 313777, 3947@ अवख् अवयच्छ, अश्यग्य, 21277 'to see' (1, 48, 1, 59 com, SH 8 4, 181) From 6971, Pischel, $ 326, 499 200 yao (3, 38 ) 'child, moon MP 50 12, 12 has this in the sense moon' The gloss on the world 18 a15 At MP 17, 4, 5 we have Tहीर (v ] छुद्दहीर ) in the same sense Obviously it should be great ce and y both deriving from Sk ez A child or moon is metaphoncally get 'gemlet' 201 tai, fret (7, 6) 'old man' (20) Possibly a derisive slang expression, deriving from 7 bear' (20) 1> cf Psschel, $ 261 202 egessent (8, 17) broom' (hatt) cf Pk gaur gauft'a Jain monk's broom' (from Sk সাপ্ত wipe out') The word, therefore, derives from Pk सपुद्धणी, from Sk सम्+प्रोञ्छ . (21) Cerebralization of dentals See Puschel, $ 218 203 af, (5, 1) 'hedge, fence' (pic) (Guj ar ars ) TECH ( 4 1) curtain' (fåetallut) (cf H , Guj ze), mi)

·43
204 foart (4,9) 'post, pillar' (FLT).
PL (360) has fete
Hemacandra's meaning font is misunderstood by
R who renders it all an image', and by Doshi
who takes it to be aynonymous with gatoz.
leaftan (5, 39)'a fool' (*) is a metaphorical
extension of the above meaning
205 (5,33 ) 3 26, FEW (4,7).cloth inade from
stiched pieces' ( Hafralla 9a teila, 7lapang
Tah)
c Gu; aifay zing in the same sense
206 737 (5, 38) 'eye'
5198 (4, 9) abid' Besides there is 947 (6,
38 ) 'eye'
207 4711 (2, 39) 'the fruit of the Bimba plant,
Momordica monadelpha' (farati )
cf gat (5, 14) 'the fruit of the sweet variety of the
Bimba plant, Momordica monadelpha' (ay)
Rincorrectly renders ryt here as 'charming lo
is in contrast with the fart or variety (as in
कदतुम्ही on तिक्ततुण्डी)
CF Ta tonlat. Ma tonske ka tonde londt, konde
(DED 2880), Sk glosan, afoitt, glosial, M atani,
तेंडली
Gujaldj and Me differ from the rest in having
a front vowel in the first syllable, against the back
vowel of other forms For the variation between
the dental and cerebral cf 337 below

·44 . 208 तेहु (5, 17) 'Drospyros embryopterns' (तंयुक) cf Sk तिन्दु, तिन्दुक, Pk तिदु, तिंदुय, तेंदु, तदुअ H तेंदु and Pk तिमय Hडसी 209 तुयुरु (4,3) 'DIospyros embryopterls' (cf Sk तुम्युरु तुम्बर) टियरु (4,3) bd of Gu) टीमरु, H पि which presuppose बिरुभ-, टिम्बरक- or तिम्बुरुक cf Sk तुन्दम् ‘belly', lex नुण्डिका 'navel', Hदमी, Gu] इंटी (ND s v. तेद) 210 युदीरो (v I युदीरो, वुदिरो) (6,98) buffalow' Tr has GINT This seems to be the original form, to be explained as an agentive in 'इर' from gr to inmerse , to be submerged in water. This points to the characteristic habit of the buffalow cf also बुदी (6,98) and भुडीरो (6,106) 'pig' 211 विहुडुओ (7, 65) Rahu' from विहुदुओ < विधुतुद (Pischel, $ 9) (22) palatal/dental variation cf Pischel, SS 215, 216 212 चुछो (3, 15) 'completaly died up, emaciated' (परिशोपित) तुच्छ (5, 14) 'withered, dned' (अवशुष्कम् ) 213 बच्छ (3,4 com SH 8, 4 194 'chop' (तक्ष्) तच्छ (SH 8, 4, 194, PSM ) ibd' But चन्छ् can be also derived from Sk त्वक्ष 214 चोत्त (3, 19) 'goad ' need not be connected with Sk ata, as it can be derived from Sk 19 to impel

·45
215 तुप्पा (5, 22) स्निम (Sk तृप्र) and चुप्पो ( 3, 15)
सस्नेह may be of different orngins cf M तूप 'ghee'
and Old G 3193 fally substance' etc
216 सिज्जुरे (8 30) ' kingdom' (राज्यम् )
cf सिंदूर (8,30) 'tbrd'
सिंदुरय (854) ibd'
217 मजीर (6,116) 'chain fetter' (सल्कम् )
मदौर (6, 141)
218 cf also for 17:771 (3, 29) the Durva grass'
जिण्गोभया (3,46) ibd')
ibid'
(23) सु/छ varlation
of Paschel $211
219 पुस् (also पुस्) पुंछ (653, SH 8, 4, 105) 'to
wipe (मज)
220 छिपीर (3,26) 'straw' (पलालम्)
मिप्पीर, सिस्पिर (PSM) 'ibrd '
221 छिहहआ (3,29) 'cream of curds' (दधिमर )
छिहिडिभिल्ल (3,30) (v l छिहडि') 'curds' (दधि)
ck सिंहदरल्ल (854) 'ibrd'
PL छिडो छिडि and सिद्दडो, सिंहडि
222 छिप (6. 36) छप्प ( PSM) ' tail'
of Vedic शेप शेप्या 'tail'
223 हिम्पालो (3,28) or fond of corn' (सस्यासको ग)
of सिप (828) — straw' (पागम्)
224 पिछी (6,50) पिमुरी (647) 'a wind instrument
made of straw'
-

·46
(24) Non-aspirate / aspirate variation.
cf Puschel, $ 206-209
225 37(1, 20, SH 4, 187) - 71
BT1TH (1, 14 ) 31172
cf age (1, 37, SH 4 (87), 21 (1, 71, SH
4, 187 ) a , and alegít34731 ( 141 ) = 77117174
226 FTS (3, 45).cluster of trees, thicket,' (97)
713 (357) cluster of creepers' (AMEA)
R misunderstands area and renders it as
bower of creepers
That it means 'a cluster of
intertwining creepers is clear fromt he illustrtion
under 3, 57
227 51834 (3, 49) a hunter' (2014)
f334) (3, 60) 'ibid'
228 478) (6, 4), azy (6, 70) and can (6, 82)
229 95, 16, 53 com, SH 8, 4, 105 ) to wipe'
(73)
# (6, 87 com, SH 8, 4, 105) 'ibid
230 327777t (1, 31 ) ' returned' (sama )
According to Gopala the form is FR14141 and the
meaning followed' (9216na)
231 2913 (1, 117, SH 8, 2, 174 )=
3910 (SH 8, 4, 2) =
232 qey.37 (6, 64 ) 'long' (1)
49 (6, 12) 'ibid,
233 7 (3, 20 ) 'falsehood' (PTA)
SH 8, 3, 38 has atza = in the sense llar' PSM
notes also 79933 in the same sense cf 'Tri

·47 चप्पलओ मिथ्यानहुभाषी and चपल - मिध्यावच , MP. चाल and चपलत (DMP), DN 13, 4) पर - अमात्यम् (Trı has agent मिध्या) 234 रेप, रप (7,3 com; SH 8, 4, 194) to chop' (तक्ष) 235 बुदी (6,98), भुडीरो, भुडा 6, 106) 'pg' and घुदोरो (6, 98) buffalo'. . (25) Single / geminate variation, ch Pischel, 862-65 87-89, 304 etc 236 अहण्यो and अद्दणो (115) आयुल cf. आदण्य - भात (SH ) 237 ओराठी (1,154) long and sweet sound' (दीर्घमधुर- पनि ) of ओराली 'rumbling roar' PC PSM etc 238 कोलो ( 2, 45 ) neck' (प्रोवा) धुलो ( 2, 61 ) ibd 239 जुरुमित (3,47) 'deep' (गहनम् ) According to Gopala in 13 जुरुम्मिग्य (v | जु मिलय) 240 भमड् मम्मद (6_102 com SH 8, 4, 161) - भ्रम् 24) गिलो, पिरको (4,31) 'spitoon' पनघर ) 242 तल, ताल (5, 19) bed (माया) 243 दुगुल बोल (4,15 com 17 com , SH 8 4, 1891 'to search' (गवे) 244 दिला, हिला (8,66) 'sand' (वाला) 245 तइ, तड़ (5.5 com SH. 8, 4, 137) 'to stretch ' (तन्) 246 गडुली and णालो (4, 20) 'tortoise' (कन्छप ) ·48 + 247 tarat (4, 43, 43137 (PC 8, 2, 1) 'a headornament 248 901 990911 (88)'wheat flour for preparing the sweetmeat घृतपूर 249 1 (also adott ), façat ( 7, 65) shame' (7531) 250 at and art (2,77 ) the left hand' 'a donkey' cf Sk सर्व mutilated crippled, imperfect, dwarfish' (EWA 1 304. IAL 3832) 251 aina (7, 80 ) ' falsely brave, a preudo brave person (alfat stands for art or grow, being a possessive suffix ) ( atat ! IT means 'to thunder, to bark, to shout, to make an emply boast' cf GETEKTI ( 6, 95)' a coward' This parallels Sk गेहेनदी and गोगटेनी (26) loss of a nasal 252 art, arādi (1,8)'a panel of the entrance door' PL (791) has opfat in the same sense ( gfase is 97* 'plank' according to PSM and Doshi in PL but afte door-bolt' according to Doshi in DN P 16 ) 253 sanſu, startet (137) 'stale (or' wet') hardened dough' (HIATES[1741771) (27) Loss o! Initial vowel of Puschel, 162 25- **7, +971 (7. 3) = $z, PER Pk. mat (P511), Sk 4971, 8( ' amall carthen water-jir' At MP, 5, 19, 11 and 93, 2,

·49
4 it is glosged differently with ont, IN, FRIHISA
and area. Tr, and PL. also record the word.
cf. M. TIRTI 'a large earthern water jar'.
(DPM. 195).
255. SET (1, 25)' upper garment.' (shtar).
EIZO (8, 72) 'a cloth. (999).
256. Bar (1, 23), yzj (5, 26) - AMAFA.
257. aqvi (7, 57) present of food' ( 315411947).
This obviously derives from Sk, 371227, Pk. 37720
with apherisis of 34. cf. Sk. lex. 7ra, Guj. 9174
present of sweetmeats during a religious or festive
occasion'.
In atas 3 ( 1, 162) and at (7, 18), atfeen (1,
159), fi (7, 22) and Best (1, 172 ) = 347',
outrati and free (7, 25 )= 272., the difference is
possibly due to the prefix 31 (< 379-, 37-, 39-).
(28) Loss of an initial syllable.
Cf. Pischel, $ 150.
258 JR(according to some fasanta) (1, 129) "exo
tensive, free from misery' (foreilera, TEHET)
259 HETI (6, 120 ) 'tumult' (04).
Farmant (7, 72) 'confused noise' (FSET:).
It is not clear whether fantazi (7, 92) in 'noisy'
is connected with this.
In Ap. literature per alone is found (see PC 36,
12, 1; 40, 13, 4; 72, 1, 4; 87, 12, 3; differently
glossed as 782, fa, sis),
7

·50
260. 18 or algtus] (7, 61)'an astrologer who fixes
the auspicious day for the marriage' (977).
faare tur31 (6, 111) 'ibid',
DN. 6, 111 gives it in the sense of la4f8174.
But when it is given as the meaning of greit at
7, 61 R. misunderstands it and hence he renders
it as 'a minister'.
261. g, 135 (4, 20) tortoise' (ET)
Cat (5, 42 ) 'tortoise'.
cf. glas (Amarakośa), gfa, ality (Hemacandra's
Abhıdkānacınlāmani ) and 2017 in the same sense, as
noted by Doshi (p. 385 ).
(29) Loss of a medial vowel.
cf. Puschel, $ 148.
262. 479196 (2, 22) besides 91778) (<4791737) (2, 53 )
coagulated or inspissated milk' (FFAIZ )
DN. 2, 22 also gives #7612
263. giga (2, 109) 'frog'.
grunt (2, 10') ibid'.
Both go back to * gğñ (onomatopoetic). cf. Sk.
घुरधुरा, घुरुधुरा, घुघुरक, घुर्युरुक
(30) Assimilation.
264 g (3, 24). The plant forget-me-not.' (89).
This has resulted from 3ft (DN, 3, 24) through
assimilation of to the preceding t. Pk. g 'to
touch' might have aided the change under the
influence of popular etymologyzing. cf. fitas from
front rates, Sk. iretas.

·51
43896
(31) Vocallc dissimiatinti,
When two syllables containing s occur in a word
the first is cianged to #4.
For a similar dissimilation of , acc Puschel, $ 123.
In view of the tendency of the pre-natal * to
develop as No. 265, 268, 269, 271 can be
perlinps better interpreted as cascs of that change
and placed under a separatc head.
265. offest ( 1, 28 ) 'piece of fuzicanc' (****).
forff (1,79) bid'.
cf. Sk. arafert 'stalk of sugarcane'. cf. nlo Pk.
mu, at mall and mii nat, all meaning "charconl'.
266. míant (2, 78 ) 'censured, blamed: rebuked'
( 597874).
format (2.74) censure, blanc, robuke' (5THA:).
267. #(2.9) backyard of the house' (tereta).
ffin (2, 60).ibid'.
268. fit and left (2, 11) 'small piece of wood'
(HOTT ). Cl. Pk. fan.
269. ** (according to some it) and fra (4,7)
pieces of cloth stitched together' (*** $
ana).
of these Ğ (te) is supported by Guj. si
dhori of sari xhose damaged middle portion is
cut off and the remaining two pieces are stiiched
together!

·52 270. कपिडो (2,5) 'chameleon' (क्लास ). सिक्सिड (2,74) 'ibid'. C. शिपिदी (2,32) 'snake' (Sk फर्कट, Pk. काड 'crab' and Sk. कोटक, Pk ककोडय — name of a snakeking') Guj पाकीडो, काच, काचीदो 'chameleon'. M. रोकडा, Guj खेकडो, सेंकडो 'a crab'. 271 पसहि (6, 10) 'gold ' (कनकम् ). Cf पसिटी (PL.) and Tel pasidi 272 पिरिधि (6,47), हिरटी (8, 68) — kite' (शकुनिका '. 273. सारैफिदी (2,73), गोरपिटी (2,98), रफडिआ (7, 4) all meaning गोधा. 274. विलरी, वल्लरी (7,32) hair'. ( सकेत) (32) उ/अ varlation 275. खप्परो (2,69), खप्पुरो (2, 69 com ) 'rough ' (रूक्ष ). CE. Pk. खउर 'sticky substance', to besmear': also DN. 2, 72, SH 8, 4, 154 276 खल्लिरी (270) 'sign खुल्लिरी (2,70) ibid' 277. गुलगुंछ (2, 93, SH. 8, 4, 36, 144) 'to throw up' (उत् + क्षिप्, उत् + नम्) has the alternative form गुलुगु (PSM.) Cr also गुलगुल् and गुलगुल (PSM ) 278 गुंजुल (गुजोह) (2, 93, SH 8, 4, 202 ) 'to surge up, to rise up, to be in high spirits' ( 34 + ) गजोलिभ (2, 100) 'hornplated' (रोमाश्चितम् ); ' tuttilati d' (हास्यस्थानेजस्पर्शो यत् गिलिगिला विअ इति लोके रुटम् ).

·53
.
279 शहली (3,54) अडुली (361) 'unchaste woman
(असती)
280 ढकुणा (4, 14) - bedbug' (मत्युग)
दिगो, ढिकुणो (PSM ) 'bug'
ठेवुणो (4,14) bedbug'
281
ढवाल (4, 15 com, SH 8, 4, 161) 'to wander'
(भ्रम्)
द्वेगुल (4, 17 com , SH 8, 4, 161 ) ibnd'
(33) मो/ अ variation
282 झडली (3,61) 'sport play' (कोटा)
सोमलिआ (3,60) 'Risalike play'
283a णयो, गोव्हो (4, 17) 'agent, deputy' ( आयुक्त)
of णयाउत्तो (4,22) इश्वर , नियोगिपुन
283b ततडी (5,4) 'fiour mixed with curds' (करम्ब )
तातड़ (5,4) ibd.
284 दटल (4, 15, SH. 8 4, 161) and ढडोम् (PSM.) 'to
wander' (प्रम्)
(34) Metathesis,
CE Pischal $354
285 अइहारा (1,34) 'lightning' (विद्युत् )
From अइराहा, Sk अचिरामा
286 अपमसी (1,37) ' hardened stale dough'
The alternative form 18 अबसमी from Sk. अम्लसमा
acid like', 'sour and fermented
237 अमल ( 1, 141, SH 8 4, 202) and उल्लन् - उद् + लम्

·54 288 छकुई (3, 24) "the plant forget-me-not' (कपिकच्छूः). PSM notes #ts also in the same sense (cf. DN. कच्छुरी 2, 11 also in that very sense). Its pleonastically extended form कच्छुई would give छकुई by metathesis. The tendency to alternate a cluster of stops with a nasal plus stop would give छकुई 289. पाडवणं (6, 18) "falling at the feet;' from पावडणं (Sk पादपतनम्) 290. बउहारी (6,97) 'broom'; from बहुआरी, Sk बहुकारी. 291. मडओ, मयडो (6,115) 'garden' (आरामः) 292. महअरो (6, 123) lord of forest hideout' (गहरपतिः CE. मयहरो (PSM.) 'a village headman'. (cf मइहरो 6, 121). 293a. वेलुलिअं (7,771. cf वेलरिअं and वेलिभं (Sk. वैडूर्यम्.) 293b हिलोडणं (8,69) 'noise to scare away animals from the fiels' (क्षेत्रे मृगनिषेधरयः). Metathesis would give feat with which compare हिंडोल्ण (8,76)- क्षेत्ररक्षणनादः; हिंडोलणय (8,76) 'ibid.': हिंडोलयं (8,69) क्षेये मृगरपनिषेधः (or क्षेत्ररक्षणयन्त्रम, according to some ). a १ (35) Haplology. 294. गहरी (4,20) 'knife' (भुरिका). This has resulted from णहहरी (Sk. नरा-हरिका) through haplology. Cl. Pk. गहहरणी, गहरणी 'a nailcutter': Guj. नरेणी, नरणी, मराणी.

·55
295. भावग (1, 62) deriving from Sk. अपामार्ग through
*भवावग
(36) Miscellaneous,
Under this head are collected pairs of obscure or
undetermined relationship. The variations too are
sporadic.
296. अयछ (1,37; SH. 8, 4, 187) and आइछ (1,71: SH
8, 4, 187)
297. कलवू (2, 12) 'gourd vessel' and अलाऊ, अलावू
(PSM.) 'gourd'
298 कलेरो (2,53)'skeleton '(कवाल ), 'dreadfut' (करालः);
क्लेवर (PSM.) 'skeleton' (Sk कडेवरम् , क्लेवरम्)
299. चिल्लिरि (3, 11), झिल्लिरिआ (3, 62) मशकः
300 झरेको ( 3, 55), झरनो ( 3, 55) तृणमय पुरुष .
301. गियाओ (4.34), णिहाओ (+, 49 ) स्वेदः,
302. णिविदो (4,38), जिवित्तो (4,32) सुप्तोत्थित .
303. णिवढो (4, 28), पिव्वेढो (4, 28) नग्न
304. णिमुद्रं (4,36), णिमुटुं ( SH, 8, 4, 259) पातितम् ,
305. गिरको (4,49), गिरप्पो ( 4, 49) पृष्टम्
306. चुकुडो, चुलुप्पो (3, 16) छाग .
307 वकड (7,35), वडप्प (7, 84) निरन्तरष्टि.
308. णिहुअ (4.50), णिहूभ (4, 26) सुरतम्
309. गिरगी (4,31, जीरगी (4,31) शिरोऽवगुण्ठन..
310 णिहहौ (4,33), पिन्बूहों (4,33) रतन्धः
311. णाडो ( 4, 47), णेउड़ो ( 4, 44) सद्भाव
312 निवच्छण, णेवच्छग (4,40) अवतारणम् .

·56
313. खोली (2, 80), योलो (5,30) 'part of a garment'
(वौकदेशः).
314. दुक्ख and दुत्थं (5,42) जपनम् .
There is also 979 (5, 53) in the same sense.
315. दूणो (5,44), धूणो (5,60) 'elephant.' cf. भूणो (5,
29) horse'.
316 पउढ, पऊ (6, 4), पउत्थं (6,66) ' house' (गृहम).
317. हिंदी (4,7) 'pieces of cloth stiched togather'.
रिडी (7,5) 'patched garment' (कन्याप्राया).
318. पडवइअ (6. 14). ' sharp' (तीक्ष्णं).
मडवइअ (6, 146) ibid'.
319. पुलासिओ (6,55) अमिकणः.
मुलासिओ (6, 135) पुलिया.
320. पुआइणि (6,54) पिशाचगृहीता, उन्मत्ता, दुःशीला.
मुआइणि (6, 135) डुम्मी. cf. पुआई (6,80) पिशाच.
321. पुरुपुरिभा (6,55) उत्कण्ठा.
मुरुमुरिभ (6, 136) रणरणकः.
cf. रुअरुइआ (7, 8), रुहओ (PSM.) उत्कण्ठा.
322. विलं (7,88) 'clear, pure' (अच्छम् ).
विल्हं (7,61) 'white' (धषलम्).
323. वेपु. (7,76) (also वेप्पो 7, 74) भूतादिगृहीतम् .
सिंपुअ (8, 30) भूतगृहीतम् .
324 पथुच्छुहणी (6,35) श्वशुरकुलात् प्रथममानीता वधू'.
हत्यच्छुद्दणी (8, 65) नववधू..
325. अच्छिहरलो (1,41) द्वेभ्यः, वेप.
हस्थिहरिलो (8,64) वेषः

·II CORRECTION OF ERRONEOUS INTERPRETATIONS* in the word list that follows, under each entry first we have reproduced the relevant Desya item with its place of occurrence in DN. and its Sanskrit :meaning (after the DN. Com, ). It is followed by English meaning as given by Ramanujaswami, but which we hold to be incorrect This item is given here under the label ' I. (R)'. Next follows the correct interpretation under the label '2. (C)', along with discussion where necessary Etymological suggestion is rarely, if ever, thrown out 326 377 (1, 53 ) refah, Tauf:. 1. (R.) the western part of a house'. 2 (C) 'the backyard or back part of a house." 327. atleafarzat (1, 41 ) PETCE19. 1. (R). 'mutual attraction'. 2. (C.) ' mutual pulling'. cf. wfis K. 38, 7; BPE (PSM.) ' to pull'; zifah (1,14) * Bien (R. drawn near' but correctly pulled'). 328. TCP (1, 45) 504. 1. (R.) heat 2. (C.) 'hot'. 329. Bat (1,5) Fa: 1. (R.) . Mahāvira'. 2. (C.) 'a Tirthankara', . • See p. 10, 11, 8 ·58 330. Balla 3 (1,33 ) Ica 77771. 1. (R.) pearls'in a chest ornament. 2. (C.) 'a design of pearls in a chest ornament'. 331, Bumi (1, 41 ) síma. 1. (R.) 'watchfulness'. 2. (C.) attended upon; taken care of '. 332. Slut219311 ( 1, 45 ) artfa: . 1. (R.) dissatisfaction'. 2. (C.) ' restlessnese caused by love's longing'. 333. Et 3 (1, 38 ) farangerfitat:. 1. (R.)'a pit'. 2. (C.) He is a sort of cup made from leaves, paper etc. Hence the secondary meaning is that which has a cavity or depression in the middle'. The illustrative stanza in DN has sier HC "having cheeks with cavities'. PSM. gives 'empty' (fis) as one of the meanings of cars and cites the following passage in support: BUT ha afufa langt go Here too the meaning a thing depressed in the middle" fits well. The cheeks are here said to have become cup-like due to deep cavities resulting from emaciation. 334. 7f5137 (1, 41 ) xfaajan. 1. (R.) watchfulness'. 2. (C.) see under ersari. 335. mut (1,7) FocauT? I laugare qe te da ta या विवाहार्थ वधा एव घराय यद् दानम् .

·59
1. (R.) dowry or a present from the bride to
bridegroom for marriage.'
2. (C.) dowry, or the ceremony of offering the
bride to the bridegroom at the time of marriage'.
336. Faxafi, 348, a (1,37) Fffitasýlgattiret.
1. (R.)
cooked grain wet with being kept over
a night!
2 (C.) dough wet or hardened because of staleness'.
For efort dough' see IAL. 2665. (There under
the materials given from Guj. it should be correctly
noted that M+, 10(UF) means 'dough, while
means 'broken grains of rice').
337, arazt (1, 7) algat.
1. (R)'a kind of game'.
2. (C.) 'a kind of gambling game in which
cowries or similar pieces are concealed in the
closed palm and there is a stake on guessing
correctly whether the number is odd or cren'.
338. arys (1,9).
1 (R.) 'light'.
2 (C) 'small':
339. Hala, na (1, 8) TETE.
1. (R.)'a plank attached to the doorway'.
2 (C) 'A door panel'.
340. 4133 (1, 22 )ght, BEATITE
1. (R.) 'going along the way'.
2 (C.) 'A woman who follows:
-

·60
341. 37 (1, 52 ) symie.
1 (R) 'saffron-coloured'.
2, (C) 'dyed in Indian madder'.
342. a.ch (1, 54) *1zf
1 (R)'a fan wetted with water'.
2 (C)'a wet cloth'.
343 ayant (1, 15 ) #2TH
I (R)'a glance'
2 (C)'a side glance'. (39TX.).
344 323478 (1, 56 ) #12
1 (R) 'the buttocks'
2 (C) 'the waist
345. 379321 (1, 2) qurgan
1. (R) 'the form of a man made of grass
2 (C)'a scare-crow or dummy made of grass,
etc
346 895fe39 (1, 47) maafaka , e forta
1 (R) killed in a well'.
2 (C) one who has died an unnatural death
by falling from a height or throwing himself in a
well, etc
347 297937 (1, 21 ) feron
1. (R) 'distressed',
2 (C) spiruless, depressed'.
348 m (1, 55) 46, 9119€, TETRA
1 (R) 'overflow', 'the plank of a house!
1

·61 + > 2. (C)'flow' or a canal, or passage for water, a door-panel' For afet (1,8) and aquit the meaning 25 given as ta& But in the com on 1,8 it is clanfied as एहद्वारफ्लहक. 349 37984 (1, 34) ianya I (R)' unsteady 2 (C)'agitated, disturbed from its proper place or selling, ruffled 350. 899100 (1, 24) BFCFT 1 (R)'a cord to draw anything near' 2 (C)'a tether' 351 PTURTT (1, 32) Artigraafia 11 TOTTIT कियते I (R)'a festival in the month of Mágha ' 2 (C)'a particular festival celebrated on the Magha fullmoon day, with observances like using a sugarcane piece for a tooth-pick, etc 352 pagileru (1, 46 ) Apr I (R) 'nose-thread' 2 (C) 'nose rope of animals' (Sk 09860) 353 399CIET Haule, I 28 ) 1 (R) 'the buttocks' 2 (C) the waist' 354 34375 (1, 61 ) * 1. (R)'a kind of bower 2 (C)'a sort of thicket cf #13 and - ·62 some. 355. qui 1, 78 ) fzh, JE ZEH03TÁ GUTETT, gogastre- क्षीरं गृहमण्डनार्थमित्यन्ये. 1. (R.)'a ground substance': 'whitewash'. 2. (C) 'four ; 'lime-plaster used for decorating houses on festive occasions '; 'a paste of rice-flour used for drawing decorative designs in the house (entrance, courtyard, etc.'), according to cf. Beng. 37e3a1 PSM. wrongly separates तन्दुलपिष्टक्षीर and गृहमण्डनार्थम् and takes them as two different meanings. 30924- आदीपना can give us आइप्पण-आलिप्पणा, the latter giving spa. 356. Brak (1, 65), 1. (R.)'a brush'. 2. (C) beard'. cf. its another meaning noted in PSM. Doshi wrongly takes to mean hair between the eyebrows'. 357. Bgana (1, 69 ) funtza: , 1. (R.) 'the state of being mixed'. 2. (C.) 'a mixture (prepared by mixing powdery or similar substance with a liquid). cf. Hem.'s illustration and Guj. 3759173 'to mix (in the above number)'. Doshi understands the word in the sense of adulteration', PSM. in the sense of 'admixture . 358. RTV (1, 64 ) Tesla TPH 931. 1. (R.) a kind of bird', 2. (C.) sce under ut.

·63
359 311977 (1, 67) ATTE,
1. (R.) dressing room'.
2. (C.) 'a casket for the anklet'.
c. Guj
a case for keeping spectacles etc.'
from Th.
360. aa (1, 72) fish, akan
1, (R.)'a nest', & cage'.
2. (C)'a nest.
Hem, has given af Teen as a rendering of afic in
the text,
361 anet (1, 78) palan i. e. 3487; 9924.
1. (R) 'not alone '; 'difficulty'
2, (C.) 'not lonely, inhabited, populated '; 'narrow,
closely packed'.
PSM, interpretes 57€ as
pervaded
362 martes (1, 65 FFE 499.
1. (R)'a danger at hand'.
2 (C.) 'an impending danger'.
363 pract (1, 71 ) 3089, sita.
1. (R)Jumination
2. (C) a burning fire, conflagration'. With att
cf. Pk. get and Guj se 'fire, conflagration
364 HI (1, 66 ) at
1. (R.)'a tail'.
2. (C)'a child

·164
365 इदहलओ । ।, 82) इन्द्रोत्थापनम्
1 (R) 'awakening Indra'
2 (C)'ceremonial removal of the Indra's Banner
(Indrad hvaja ) as the concluding nite of the Indra.
maha festival'
Refer to the illustrative stanza.
366 इलो (1,83) पृष्टिनिवारणम् , वर्षत्राणम्
1 (R.) 'a shelter from rain
2 (C)'an umbrella'
ch इल्लोर (1,83) वृष्टिरक्षणम् , वृष्टिवारणम्
367 इलो (1,83) कृष्ण , कृष्णवर्ण
1 (R) black colour'
2 (C) 'black, dark-coloured'
368 इस (184) कील , कीलक
I (R) 'a wedge'.
2 (C)'a nail, a stake'
369 इसओ (1,84) रोज्दाख्यो मृग
I (R) a kind of animal'
2 (C)' a kind of antelope'
of Guy रोझ
370 उअहारी ( 1, 108) दोहनकारी, दोग्ध्री
1 (R) a milch cow'
2 (C) 'a mulkrnard, a milking woman
371 उकारो, उबरो, उवा, उव्वाहा (1,87) धर्म
1 (R) 'warmth'
2 (C) 'heat'

·65
372. उक्स डिभ, ओक्संहिसं (1,112) आमान्तम् .
I. (R.) 'seized'.
2. (C) attacked by, overpowered by'.
373. उक्सडो, उग्घाओ, उद्दामो, उद्धाओ, उप्पीलो, उम्बरो (1, 126)
स्थपुटः, विषमोमतप्रदेशः.
I. (R.) 'unevenly raised'.
2. (C.) 'an uneven raised place.'
374. उग्गुल्लछिआ (1, 118) हृदयरसोच्छलनम् .
1. (R.) disturbance or upsetting of the heart'.
2. (C. 'upretting of the stomach accompanied by
a strong vomitting sensation'.
ct. मउली.
375. उघाओ (1, 126). See उक्खदो.
376. उच्छअि (1,111) छिमत्वक्.
1. (R.) • skin torn off'.
2. (C.) with the bark peeled off'.
cf. the illustration and Pk. छल्लि ' bark, skin'.
377. उच्चोलो (1, 131), उच्छुल्लो (1, 131) धमः, खेदः .
1. (R.) 'sorrow'.
2. (R.) fatigue'.
378 उजड (1,96) उद्वसम् •
1. (R.) 'banished, desolate'.
2. (C.) 'deserted'.
c£, Gui. E.
379. उतिरिविटी (1,122) अर्बोध भाण्डादेः स्थापनम् .
1. (R.) 'one above the other'.
9

·66 " 2. (C.) 'stacking of piling arrangement of utensils like pots, etc., one above the other in the descending order of their size'. cf. Guj. उतरड, M. उत्तरंड, 380. उद्दामो ( 1, 126). See उक्खडो. 381. उद्देही (1,93) उपदेहिका, 1. (R.)' a minor body(which grows on the diseased parts of the body ).' 2. {C.) 'a termite', 'a white-ant'. See the illus- .tration (उद्देहीतिकवतुड 'with a mouth as piercing as that of a white-ant'), and Guj उधई. 382 उद्धाओ (1, 126). See उक्सडो. 383. उप्पीलो (I, 126) 384 उपेहडं, उम्मच्छयिों, उल्हसिम (1, 116) उद्भटम् . 1. (R.) 'excellent'. 2. (C)'intense, fierce'. 385. उम्बूरो ।।, 126). See उक्संडो. 386. उम्मच्छविक्ष (I, 116). See उप्पेहडं. 387. उम्मडं ( 1, 124) हठ' 1. (R.) 'violence'. 2. (C.) 'stubornness, obstinacy. 383. उलि (1,81) निकूणिताक्षम् . 1. (R.) 'closed eves'. 2. (C.) 'with eyes glancing sideways'. 389. उल्हसि (1, 116). See उम्पेइड, 390. उमरो (1,87). See उछोलो. -

·67
391, 364 (1, 87). See eest.
392. genres (1, 136 ) razorat, olen424.
1. (R.) ' eagerness'.
2. (C) 'yearning due to lovelorn condition'.
see रुसण.
393, 3796(1, 87). See 3.
394. 3oty (1, 123) 37434.
1. (R.) 'excellent '.
2. (C.) 'intense, fierce'.
395. a (1, 89) quina
1. (R.) 'censure'.
2. (C.) 'fault'.
396. 5190 (1, 139) Furua:.
TEL (3, 31 ) abid.'
1. (R.) Cupid, the god of love'.
2. (C.) 'yearning and restlessness in the love-lorn
condition!
cf. I (1, 136) given as meaning of
उदाहुल
and rendered in com with siligaen.
397. gafant (1, 146) Terenggarilaisi.
1. (R.)' the form of a woman made of silk cotton
flowers'.
2. (C) 'fresh pod of the silk cotton tree with its
Powers'.
398. 375 (1, 152) 2772774.
1. (R) cleaning the teeth'.
.

·68
2. (C.) a tooth-pick?
399, ailesi (1, 150 ) Atlanti.
1. (R.) 'displaying the hair'.
2. (C.) 'spreading out the hair'.
400. 12 (1, 159) Fa fa mi zdas.
1. (R)'anything first offered to another and then
grasped with the hand'.
2. (C.) 'snatched after pushing away another
person
401. arua? (1, 151) Bar.
1. (R.) 'ended'.
2. (C.) dejected'.
402. auffant (1, 169) 32124*7:, BITFIT:
1. (R.) 'seized', 'seizing'.
2 (C.) .attacked', 'attacking'. cf. 347 in PC.,
MP. etc.
403. 377f437 (I, 171 ) #122 .
1. R.) 'seized'.
2. (C.) ' attacked'.
404. antazi (1, 171 ) see af 3.
405. (I, 155 ) ft.
1. (R.) a short period'.
2. (C.) recent time, time that is not long past'.
406. 116R ( 1, 156) Tehoant #78).
1. (R.)'a gesture expressive of negation '.
2. (C.)'a game involving saying "no "no"
+

·69
407, भोरिमा (1, 153) उद्देही, उपदेहिका
I (R)'a minor body (which grows on the
diseased parts of the body)'
2 (C) 'white-ant, termite
See उद्देही
408 ओलंपओ (1, 163) सापिसाहस्त
I (R)'a go-between'
2 (C) 'a spatula shaped turn spit used to turn
chapatis under baking'
तापिकाहस्त is a Sanskritization of the Guy derivative
तावेथो, लवेयो in the same sense.
409 ओहटिअ (1, 159) see ओज्याय
410 क्जयो (2, 11) तृणायुस्कर
J (R) 'a stack of grass, etc'
2 (C) 'sweepings or Itter, containing grass, etc
411 कडइभो (2, 22 ) स्थपति .
I (R)'a chief, king'
2 (C) 'a mason'
412 कडसला (2, 19) चक्रमेधारं लोहायुधम्
1 (R) 'a sickle'.
2 (C) a one edged, crooked iron weapon
413 कणिआरिभ क्स्सरिअ, कण्णोस्सरिअ, काणच्छी
काणाशिदष्टम्
} (RY Flooked uskance
2 (C) 'amorous side glance'
414 बास्सरिअ (2,24) See कणिआरिम
(2, 24)

·70
415 कण्गोच्छडिआ, कणोदती (2, 22) दत्तवर्णा, या भाषणार्थ परवाक्य
गृहाति
1 (RY overhearing'
2 (C) 'a woman listening intently with a view
to rerort'
416 कगोदत्ती (2,22) See कमोच्छडिआ
417 वयोस्सरिभ (2,24) See कणिआरिअ
418 कतवारो (2 IR) See क्जयो
419 क्वरो, कोस्ट 12, 13) विज्ञानम्
| (R) wisdom'
2 (C) skill'
420a कयारो (2, 11) see कजवो
420b कवासो कविसा (2,5) अधजवा मोचकमित्यर्थ
1 (R)'an armour for the legs'
2 (C) a sort of shoe' See अखजघा (1,33), मोच
(6 139)
421 फविड (2,91 किविडी (2 60) गृहपश्चिमाङ्गणम्
I (R)'the western courtyard of a house'
2 (C) the backyard'
422 कविसा (25) See कवासो
423 काणच्छी (2,24) See कणिमारिष
424 काणत्थेवो (2_29) विरलाम्बुकणवृष्टि
1 (R) 'a shower of rain'
2 (C.)'a drizzle'
425 कावी (226) नीला नीलवर्णा

·71
1
I (RS "blue'
2 (C)'indigo' of Sk lexicons , faguf 'the
indigo plant' But H 61 means 'moss'. cf Sk
et, fotot moss With nicht, cf Guj t'moss'
426 Frant (2, 27) #277,
1 (R) lead'
2 (C) a lead-sheet'
427, fayant (2, 31) 349
I (R) 'poor, pitiable'
2 (C)'a miser
428 farfaret (2, 60) See 15
429. TEST (2, 13) See asi.
430 38477, , FA, HER2 (2, 33) ao
I (R) an angry woman
2 (C) Parvati, Siva's spouse' See the illustrative
1
stanza
431 gal, (2, 62) EG41SP4.
I (R) 'one who abandons the stolen property
2. (C) 'one who fo ces others to abandon the
stolen things'
432 gfsx1447 (2, 43 ) ARE
IR) 'sending a brahman'
2. (C) forced service rendered to a brahman
fare means forced labour' (of DN great, and
dan service )
433 h (2, 35) See auft

·72
434 कुरकुरिअ (242) रणरणक See उसण
435 कुस्लो (2_63) कुटिलक्श
I (R) curly hair
2 (C) having curly hau'
436 कुहिणी (262) कूपर
As the Sk rendering was erroneously read by
R as fit , he has wrongly given camphor' as
its meaning instead of 'elbow'
437 कूवो (262) See कुढो
438 कोहियो (2,47) द्रोणी
I (R) 'a wooden tub'
2 (C) 'a boat
439 कोत्थर (2. 13) विज्ञानम्
I (R) knowledge
2 (C) skill
440 कोसइरिआ (235) See कुयरी
441 कोहली (246) तापिका
। (R.) 'a go-between'
2 (C) baking pan'
442 स्वहदी (272) तरूमकर
I (R.) 'a monkey"
2 (C.) 'a squirrel' cf Pk साडहिला, Guj खल्दी 'a
squurel'
443 सोडपबाली (2,70) स्थूले धनानि
I (R) 'conflagration

·73 2. (C) 'fire from burning big logs of wood' of Pk गोडी log of wood',G खोड, सोहमु 'ibid' 444 AIFES (2, 100) GIRATOASTETIT, ta falalitaifa la लोके रूढम् 13 . 1 (R) touching the body in a place where a cry af joy is produced 2 (C.) 'rouching the body in sensitive places to excite laughter', 1 e. tickling or titillating The colloquialısm fire firmat cited in com preserved in Guj brat tackling, titillation 445 7070715347 (2, 87) gost I (R) an angry woman'. 2 (C) 'Siva's consort, Pasvati'. The word obviously derives from Sk 10 lex Durgi'. cf. lex more and ma mcalung 'Siva', besides thc usual Ganesa' 446. 777€ (2, 82) maat. 1. (R)'a pasture'. 2 (C)'a trough (or a particular place ) in the cattle yard holding cattle feed' Tarzat has this meaning in lexicons cf also its Guy denvative 71 (f) with the same meaning. 447 TOH (2, 82) See rart. 448 1221 (2, 98) atom. 1, (R) 'tenders of cows' 2 (C) 'cow's feet The illustrative stanza makes this clear 10

·74
449 A ( 2 105 ) zenlet (v | penfia)
1 (R) a small ball'
2 (C) a house Izzard'.
Sk lex TETIST 1, the variant zentral,
Guj atit, Te a small house lizard' and the
illustrative stanza make our meaning clear
450 art (2, 107 ) 7*14*14 qer
form (3, 9) ibid'
fafa (6, 47 ) 73faat
am (8,8) bid'
fetat (868) 'ibid'
R renders meanings of the first two words with
'a hensparrow, of the third with a bird', of the
fourth with a kind of bird' and of the fifth with
a vulture' cf also 811017 (464) :fa#1 9
'a kind of bird' (R) But actually all mean the
same thing, viz, 'a kite (bird )' H Elias from
चिल्ला and Gu) समळी, समदी cognate with सउली (and
perhaps with Sk शकुनिका, Pk सउणि, सउणिा) have
this meaning for form, c H fant to scream',
Pk Fafert (DN 3, 11) *a cricket, a mosquito
They derive from a root meaning
Bend
sharp notes', 'to scream'
451 glaret (2, 109) 8924119F I HATITI Toeg
I (R) 'the flour of a certain pulse'
2 (C) 'unguents (like the flour of lentil, etc )
rubbed before bathing'
Lo

·75
cl. wavami noted by PSM, from Náyā 1, 13 and
Vivaga 1, 1 in the sense of bathing with soap
etc.' cf. Guj. 977 in the sense given above.
452. +33 (3, 4) Tranzi, duota.
1. (R.) 'beatiful to look at'.
2. (C.) 'show or dramatic performance.'
See the illustrative stanza.
453. 20 (3, 6 com.
m.) Plaas.
454. agilizan (3, 8) 737goafingrarna.
1. (R.) a jewel' for the first and ' a jewel hanging
from a gold chain' for the second.
2. (C.) It is not just any jewel, but the jewel
which serves as (or occupies the place of) the
lilaka on the forehead. This refers to a head
ornament consisting of a gold chain with a jewel
for pendant that would occupy the place of
the tilaka mark on the forehead-resembling the
presentday craut (or probably carlier Trad) or
its modified form a worn in Gujarat.
455. 569579T (3, 7) apranga,
1. (R.) 'half covered body'.
2. (C.) ' a lady with partly covered body'.
456. faa (3, 10) Thum.
1. (R.) charming'.
Doshi 'attractive'; also 'play'.
PSM. 'seaual enjoyment'.
2. (C.) As the phrase faalanae in the illustrative
stanza under (3, 10) shows, he means here

·76 347 or 'waist'. Heanng that her boy has climbed up a tamannd tree, the mother taking her baby on the waist rushes to call the boy - this is the purport of the illustrative stanza. So also 417, given as one of the meanings of ggforen (3, 23 ) may have the meaning of 1977, waist Looking to the meaning 76, one is tempted to suggest fas (the middle') as the correct form for fare 457. aft (3, 11) CHI 1 (R)'a ram''a hog' Dashi also takes it in the sense of a ram PSM undergtands that as ift, gain, Teuta 2 (C) A primanly means "hairy', 'shaggy' and the illustrative stanza (under 3, 11 ) shows that this is the intended meaning There the enemies, defeated and driven to the wilderness are described as famshaggy', e with long unshaven growth of hair 458 gourza (3, 17) Turiza 1 (R) powdered' 2 (C.). The com on 3, 17 makes it explicit that the sense here is to be distinguished from besmeared with powder' (tulazylia ) So 'struck with the powder is the proper sense, as is shown by the illustrative stanza 459 ERI (3, 26) 233, TEEHE I (R)'a kind of plant' ·11 grave' 2. (C) 'a bear' R has understood अच्छभल्ल correctly under सचलो (2,69) 460 घुमुमुसय (3,31) रणरणक See under उमण of झुझुमुसय (3,58) मनोदु सम् and मुमह (6,129) मनस आकुत्ता 461 जुरुमिल or जूरुम्मिलय (3, 47) गह्नम् . I (R) 'difficult', I (C) ' deep', 'intense' 462 जोगाला (3,50) जोयारी धान्यम् 463 जौवारी (3,501 I (R) 'corn' 2 (C) 'jowarı, a sort of millet' cf H जोहरी, M जोवळ Gu] जुवार, H जुआरि 464 झरेको झरतो (3,55) तृणमय पुरुप | (R) 'grass shaped like a man 2 (C) 'a strawman', 'a scarecrow' It is the same as Sk U of also अपडओ 465 झोट्टी (3,59) अर्धमहिषी I (R) a species of she-buffalo 22 (C) a young buffalo yet uncalved' cf Guy योटी, झोटदी in that sense 466 णिवूढो (4, 29 ), पउढो (6, 4) गृहपश्चिमाङ्गणम् | (R) The western courtyard of a house' 2 (C) 'The backyard of a house' . .

·78
467. Go (4, 7) fafer
1. (R.) 'a boil'.
2. (C.) 'a bamboo basket'.
cf. H. 317, SM, Guj. 513, GIF, PSM, and the
illustrative stanza
468.469. alati (5,5), iazkit (5,5) nay FFATTEETAT.
1. (R.) 'the saffron colour of wheat'.
2. (C.) 'the suffron tinge that develops in wheat
(as a sort of disease ).'
It is called here gjysfaat. In Guj. it is known as
te which also means 'red ochre' or its colour.
470. afaan (5, 53) 3421
1. (R.) 'a secondary body (which grows on
diseased part of the body).
2. (C.) 'white ant'.
cf. H. 49; and 39f 3 (1, 93) and G. Fr
white ant '.
471. Allgait (5, 49) ÅPH:.
1. (R.) ' a pore of the skin'.
2. (C.) 'a leather bag (used as water-carrier ).'
This is clear from the illustrative stanza,
472. RIENCIA (5, 56) meloft.
1. (R)'a maker of garlanda'.
2 (C) 'a milk-maid carrying a milking vessel'.
4h (6, 37) means Die H57.
473. Ett (6, 27) Tefunny,
Sec 3i, forage.

·79
474 km (6, 70).
The second meaning is given in Pk. as arītaifa,
in Sk. as दोहनहारिणी.
1. (R.) 'a cow which avoids milking'.
2. (C.) a milkmaid carrying milking vessel'.
This is the same as atenard (5, 56 ) which also
is paraphrased as maltoft. It 18 possible that in
Hemacandra's sources 95791
was rendered by
afterf oft (6, 31), both applying to a buffalo which
has calved a long time back and which gives
plenty of milk: but the sources might have confused
परिहारिणी with पारिहारिणी and hence the second
meaning of t, viz, ale afect.
475. gpu (6, 64) ajuet 437.
1. (R.) a kind of fruit'.
2. (C.) head of an arrow
476. gagas (6,51)
The Pk. meaning is discussed by Dosht (p. 432;
along with the variants. His suggestion that the text
should read agh, and the meaning "a ball
made of hair as supported by the illustrative
stanza appears qurte sound.
477. n (6, 82 ) : .
1. (R)'a board', 'a slab'.
2. (C)'a shield'.
478 lat (6,96) STEVE.
1 (R.) 'a litter, carriage or conveyance
2. (C.) 'a boat, a raft!

·80
cf PSM, Old Guj alfy, Sanskntised as a
a raft
479 #1# (6, 102) ata
1 (R) hanging down, pendulous'.
2 (C) 'long'
See the illustrative stanza
480 4568 (6, 113) ETTEVEESSAR
1 (R) disturbance or upsetting of the heart
2 (C) vomitting sensation in the stomach'
cf Guj na f ibid'
See under उग्गुलुछिआ
481 Aplaat (6 123 ) FETIT
1 (R)'a wild elephant'
2 (C) varandah'
See PSM under मत्तवारण and मत्तालय
482 (6 147) 76912
1 (R) the wife of the moon'.
2 (C) The rainy season insect indragopa'
In Hindi It is called बीरबहूटी (Sk वीरवधूटी) इन्द्रवधू or
चन्द्रवधू
483 190 (6 129 ) ATTET Safran
I (R)'afemale mendicant wearing white garmets'
2 (C)'a Svetambara Jain nun
484 gektar (6, 136) Core
IR)'Cupid, the god of love'
2 (C) 'longing due to love-lorn condition' See
TEN

·81 485 tla (7, 10) Tiga. 1. (R)'a place filled with sand' 2 (C)'a cyclonic sand storm' 486 98117, 32) TEXT I (R) authonty' 2 (C)'a topical divison (in an anthology elc.)' of the divisons in as in the authologies like th, etc Sk source is 772 487 malo 3 (7, 39) 727aigiai I (R).One who receives what 19 lost'. 2 (C)' onc who recovers a lost thing 488 manat, Tignorant (7, 61) at I (R)'a minister 2 (C) an astrologer who fixes days for marriages 18 (6, 111 ) 19 actually recorded with the meaning विवाहगणओ, Sk विवाहगणक which is the same as our वाहगणओ 489 rafalazat (7, 70 ) thgala IFTE I (R)'a tender and weak body. 2 (C) one who has a tender and weak body'. 490 faktu (7, 64) faisa 1 (R) dyed or coloured' 2 (C) 'dishevelled' (lit. 'carded a3 colton), cf fiz (PSM) 'to card Guj 975, and feet (7, 63 ) ANAR 491 alebe (7, 78) P. I (R) difficulty' ✓ ·82 ► 2 (C)'a pressing crowd 492 staz (7, 81) nagione | (R) 'supported and rolling' 2. (C) filled and emptied 493 as see under ett 494 স্বযস and মাং (8, 13, Pk বসৰি, Sk ভসির 1 (R)excited 2 (C) 'sharpened'. This is clear from Pk apaat and from the derivation of साणइअ from शाण 495 777777 (8, 6) graft 1. (R.)'a sort of ladle'. 2 (C) an iron weapon '. Fift has also the meaning 'a heavy iron bar used for digging' 496 #107537 see 433T 497 498 1337, ER FT (8, 27) Tigt 1 (R)'a cow's hoof' 2 *Tribulus lanuginosus' 499 Erpet (8, 61 ) Forest 1 (R) an ascetic's staff to support his hand'. 2. (C)'a seat (of mat etc ) to be carried in hand' 500 East (8, 62 ) Aqua 1 (R) thirsty' 2 (C) 'yearning', longing' 501. हिरदी sce under धारी

·III SOME DISYA ITEMS FROM SVAYAMBHỮ'S
PAUMACARIYA 1-XX
(1) 11EMS COMMON WITH THE DN.
$
502. along (1, 37; 78; SH. 8, 4, 174 ) 'meet' (+ ).
cf. arftue (PC. 6 129,7 139, 8 9 8,17 1, 17 11
10 etc.). 'to confront in a battle, fight, fall
upon'; arome (PC 17 9 3; p. p. p. atlan 4 7 10,
4 8.1, 10 9 9 etc.) 'ibid. '.
afora (VPC. 6, 182; 98, 27; PSM, ) 18 a w. r. for
THE
So also make sad.; PSM. See DMP. No. 5, 6.
503. a (SH. 4, 39) 'offer, give' (878).
cf. 697 PC, 13 3 10, 21 5 8, 21 13 3 bid.'
(gl ), finta MP. 25 6 7, 31 28 3 (DMP. 795).
504. 84331 (1, 36) 'anger' 39:.
cf. 21794 PC 20 il 4 gl. fataa: ,
505. SEIT (1, 25 ) an upper garment' (getah).
EICOT (8, 72)'a cloth' (ar).
cf 14 7 8, 14 10 5 (the compound can
be interpreted as containing Baitu or Elor) (8!.
39 taagan!
506 21974? (1,65) 'force' (429), according to others,
“long'( : .
cf PC 7 7 9, 17 3 8, 17 7 9 'to exert
force' (gl. mata ).

·84 507 (1, 131 ) 'lower garment' (t) cf PC ales PC 93 1, 20 33 lap' ( BAK ), MP 22 15 10, 56 7 7 'folds of a garment near the lap' (gl &) See DMP 816 508 gift (1, 126)'a collection' (wala) ch sitter PC 1363, 31 2 1, 66 3 1 etc abid' 509 3* (1, 92, SH 8, 4, 116 ) break' (T! cf me PC 14 5 4, 15 39' hide' cf 3€, forge in the senses of break' (4 51, SH 8, 4, 116) and hide' (4, 51; SH 8, 4, 55) 510 34975 (1, 117, SH 8 2 174, PSM) gor (SH 8, 4, 2, PSM ) 'tell, narrate () cf 3147 (PC 395, 29 87--vi 31977, 55 2 7-v! 3-512, gl 97, fã+ 371 +591) 511 saw (1, 155) 'an upper garment' (unit) cf guz PC 14 3 3, 18 5 8 bid' 512 soat (1, 169) 'attacked' (3117211 ) cf. aikana MP 75 4 12, 78 9 21 etc 'attacked, proceeded to fight' 37T PC 12 9 3, 15 7 8 etc, MP 61 11 3, 86 9 2 etc attack proceed to fight' (gl galei 34271) See DMP 823 513 silegant (1, 164) a seryant' (#) cf 72TT PC 765, 66 6 3 etc, MP 6 5 5, 23 12 4 etc serve' (hq) and 211 PC 296 25 3 10, 68 8 2 'service' (197) See DMP 744 + ·515 etc harass, oppress' cf PSM , TETT etc. 85 514 emia (2, 20 ) 'torn, rent' (arfer) cf #17 MP52 18 8, 54 5 21, 88 12 11 lear, cut', fa PC 15 4 5, 15 5 3, 17 8 6 etc., NIP 11 1910, lorn', siqxo MP 2 177'culting asunder.. See DYP. 526 527, PITAL (2, 50, SH 8, 4, 168) play, rejoice' (! china (v 1 13[ka) PC. 14 11 8 sexual intercourse' (gl gear), figlia PC 79 11 4 bid' of PSM कोडम and कोइमिय 56 farcita PC 16 3 10, 16 7 6, 57 1 4 etc, MP 2 18 8, 9 26 3 etc definitely, excessively, con stantly' (gl itaa, 37274, 49759, 32704) See DMP 1042 517 mit (SH 8 4, 422) surprising wonderful (BPCHA) cf PC mitea 1 10 i meaning possibly claiming marvels' though gl interpretes it as 'making dogmatic assertions' (golfinga ) 518 fost (3, 36) an adulterer' (*TT ), for SH 8, 2, 174 'an unchaste woman' (FLT) c forvi PC 69 23, MP54 12 6, PC por 5139,5 17 2'an adulteress' (g! gust) 519 MEAT (3 44) harassed, oppressed' (fralar, कर्षित of 13 PC 10 7 5, 10 8 4, 25 18 4 33 99 See DMP 1337, 1410 ·86 OT 520 faqat (3,9) 'Ant-nosed' (fafa2714 ) cf fesatt (v 1 falore) PC 1 2 11, fern (vb fargpt) MP. 76 6 13 flat or depressed with respect to nose)' (gl gy). See DMP. 972 See No 13 earlier in this book. 521 feet (3, 28) 'a small pond or puddle' (BA) cf PC 19 6 5 'ibid ', Guj fear, H. alas, alast 522 99 MP 1 16 4, 15 18 6, 83 2 7, 131 8 etc Ta PC 20 10 5, 23 6 7, 46 4 3, 60 1 2. 72 15 5, 74 16 7, MP 7 24 10, 70 18 11, etc getting entangled in'. of jy (SH 8 4 150), SL g (Dhatupātha 26, 123) to become perplexed confused See DMP 909 523 787910 (2. 86) Rahu cf PC 8 11 4, 20 9 7, 27 10 6, 77 12 2 abid" (gl still tig:). cf Faint (2, 2)‘an enemy' (3) 524 13 (2, 100) horripilated' (THA) cf PC 17 11 10, 20 10 8, 26 1 1, 61 12 8 etc, MP 14 14 12, 36 16 7 etc 'abid' ch 999 (2, 93, SH 8,4, 202); Tha (SH 8, 4, 202) shine forth, radiate, sport, appear See DMP.991 525 33 (2, 67) 'grass' (a) cf bid' PC. 5 7 1, 83 11 3, 83 12 1. 526 FOTET ( 4, 40, SH 8 4, 158) 'to bend down with burden' (forga = HIM THA)

·87
.
ch. गिसुतिय PC 1384,621, 63 119 drooping |
"broken' ( शिथिलीकृत, भन्न)
527
नार (5,5, SH 8, 4, 137, PSM ) to stretch ' (सन)
cf. तडविय PC 19 176,6316, 652 4 • stretched'
(विस्तारित)
528 धुअगाओ (5,57) 'a bee'
ch yगाय PC 5149, 14 45, धुवणाय 56 142,
73143 d' (Sk ध्रुवणयक )
529 पइरिक (6,71) extensive' (विशाल )
c. PC 14 135, MP 924 12, 66 10 12 etc.
'extensive, abundant' (gl प्रचुर, भगुण) (* Sk. प्रति+
रिक, अतिरिक
See DPM 377.
530 पञ्चवरं (6, 15) a pestle ' ( मुसलम् )
ch PC 1526"brd'
53} पञ्चार (6, 29, SH 8, 4, 156) "taunt, censure'
(उपालम्)
ch PC 619,1338, 1555 etc MP 755,
522019 etc
jeer taunt, upbraid'
See DMP 1096
532 पञ्चलिड (SH 8, 4, 420) on the contrary' (प्रत्युत)
ch पचति PC 1063 (v) पचलिउ पयोलिर), 1187
(v 1 पछिय, पञ्चलिय) 16 4 9,43 3 4 (v) प्रचलित
पञ्चलिर) 'ind ' Bh पचालिउ PC 71139 with the
lace urned away o) (विपरीत, पराङ्मुख ) (Sk प्रत्यनीक)
533 पागाली (6 40) ' slapping nth both hands' (हस्तक्ष्य

·88 cf que PC 14 6 1 splash of water (struck with hand) (gl 517ZZI) 534 fix (6, 71 ) clever '18 cf prey PC 58 8 6, 66 3 3 77, PC 23 13 4, MP 14 1 20, 17 14 2 etc GRETA PC 48 5 2, PSM , MP 38 8 10 15 qiliefes PC 12 1 8 an. TERTE MP, 85 14 2 sta Sfeelega MP 69 26 4 hastened CF DMP 1098, 1104, 1105, 1106 535 guriat (6 53 ) an unchaste woman पुश्चली cf PC 12 9 10, 15 14 2,37 12 8 etc MP. 15 6 6,18 1 7 etc See DMP 1115. 536 Ft (6 85)'a bee' (1997) of PC 7 13 5, 26 2 6 etc MP 49 2 3 cf 9942 MP 73 27 6, 96 7 9 abid' SPET MP 9 10 8 See DMP 156, 157, 158 537 H (6, 110) 'a foolish person' (76) TITAS (6, 110)'a disagreeable act' (2) cf PC 14 2 9 a (v 1 H, ÝH) artless' (in the compound yn 'an artless' woman' (cf Guj TACHI 'ibid '), MP 71 6 11 wart (vl WTH) 'ibid See 'Apabhramsa and Old Gujarati Studies II Bharatiya Vidya 18, 1958, p 69, DMP. 114) 4 narve > ·< 544. 571 (6, 136; SH. 8, 4, 106) 'break' (*) 89 538. fama (6, 105) cricket' () c. PC, 19 3 3. 539, nast (6, 120 ) 'pride' (na. ). cf. PC 389,4 3 8 etc. MP. 15 15 11. See DMP. 1153. 540. Raak! (v.1 sparet) (6, 122) 'intoxicated' ( : ). d. PC. 14 2 6 aan 'an elephant' (cf. H. aastast intoxicated;' PSM. मयगल - Sk. मदकल, Guj, मेगल an elephant '. 541. A3 (6, 140) 'violence' (Tetant:), order' ( erat ). cf Haq' perforce', ' forcibly',' with great difficulty' PC. 18 3 2 38 7 5, 39 19 4 etc; 4 PC. 13 4 10, 22 5 8 etc. (gl Ega), Guj. RIE, AL HITE 'perforce'' with great difficulty'. See DMP. 409, 410, 411, 412, 414. 542. 48f231, #11 (6, 129) granting assurance of safety or protection' ( 24999176). to comfort (one who is threatened or afflicted) and assure protection PC. 10 2 1, 119 8 etc. the sbid.' MP. 78 24 19, 20 25 4 (v. I. teha), 32 26 3. See DMP, 417. Hathe (f.) comfort, consolation' PC. 5 6 7. 543. set (6, {20) “pride' (res:) cf. PC. 39 8,1096, 11 7 2 etc. See DMP. 1163. ; cf. PC. 487, 8 6 2, 17 9 4 etc. See DMP, 1181, 1182. 12 ·90 3 6 545 agforan (6, 148) 'wife's sister', 'maternal uncle's daughter' (let, #1527TRI), Ag931] (6, 148 com ) paternal uncle's son' ( [queda ) of Algere paternal aunt's son', 'maternal uncle's son', 'brother-in-law' (ie husband's brother or wife's brother ) PC 6 1 3, 17 10 6 See DMP. 778 546 teile (7, 4, SH 8 4 48) swing to and fro" (ata) cf PC 14 37, 13 7 4, 13 12 8 etc See DMP 1187. 547 gf (6, 94, SH 8 4 98) 'roar' (TS) cf gescream,'' caw'PC 19 3 4,52 1,68 11 7 cf DMP. 696, 697, 698 548 falsu PC 10 6 6 daughter' (997) fast of SH 8 4 330(3), faz PSM GH , H बिटिया 549 fata (7, 71, SH 8 4 137) stretch' (an, fararty) cf PC 16 14 7 Also falim PC 41 2 1, 74 9 10 cf PSM Ers, fart fatlan, DMP 1241 550 astíc 37 (7, 95) deceived' (saſtan) cf at 'deceive' PC 18 12 6, 8 10 4 etc; MP 14 10 8, 98 7 4 See DMP 1256 J1 2017 (7, 95 ) 'blind', 'darkness' cf tang PC 5 2 1, 10 1 8, anireset 5 4 6 'at sunset' (mitte, Hall) ·solely and entirely one's own' (Blite, RAEN): 557 611 PC 2 164, 35 143, 42 5 5, MP 19 24, 56 3 14, 70 15 2, 87 4 7, 102 89 abundant, much, plenty of' (glages, muta) (DMP 799) 558. SIDE PC 11 66, 15 31, 5227' attack, engage 559 B2 PC 11 2 1, 12 11 5 etc 91 552 aastat (7.9) tender', 'pleasure loving or voluptuous' (ETER PC 19 17 9, 30 5 8, 62 11 6 Alp 31 1). 553 ales (7,%) disrespect, contempt', 'angered'. dit 'angered' (#919T, VE) PC. +1 10, 75 8, 8 6 1, 20 8 4 etc. of वेदादि DHP 1262. 554 TH8 8, 11) long’() cf 1978"71"length' PC 46 7. 555 aiglasse (8, 52)'a cloth' (98) cf AREA (F)'a piece of doth held above the head of a person carried in procession, to serve as a canopy' (Prilagras ) PC 14 24 556 fifit (8,31 ) curda' (a) c PC 14 9 3, 24 13 5, 34 13 6 39 8 5, 71 89,90 6 6 (2) ITEMS NOT RECORDED IN TIE DN NOT RECORDED IN THE DN cf PSM 176 - 1 in battle 5

·192
>
Guy आवगुं, आगयु ' solely and entirely one's own
See DMP. 807.
560 243 (PC 7 6 6,17 3 4, 29 9 9,50 8 10,
66 9 5, 70 3 10, 81 13 5)'go to perdition, be
destroyed, disappear' (fast 9, fa+T)
561 364 PC 7 11 9,21 5 9, 25 20 7, 49 5 7, etc
312 17 17 4, 46 11 10 subjected, subdued'
(fafiza)
562 PC 64 14 2, MP 84 11 14, 89 12 6, 101
16 15 to offer, hold forth, stretch forth' Guy
mag 'ibid ', Kan oddu 'ibid.
See DMP 818 ct 3
563. 4914 PC 13 48, 58 4 9, Bh 3 24 7, 431
'a mountain hollow or glen'
564. TEE PC 31 36, 43 17 8. 81 10 6 rock' (gl.
loosely qaa) Guj ## 'rock'
565 an PC 13 10 9, 40 16 3, 82 2 7, 82 12 5,
MP 8111, 58 19 8 etc 'hostile rankling, malice
mixed with anger due to enmity' (gl #Sun, alate)
See DMP 899
566 do PC 13 4 8, MP 2 13 9 15 1& 8, 20 5 6
etc 'hollow, a hollow, chasm, deep cavity
See DMP 900
567 oratit PC 5 14 7, 7 3 3 etc
MP 16 23 5,
25 5 2 etc 'a cow elephant' (Elfaat)
See DMP 902

·574. fache PC. 1 105, 39 4 7, 39 49, 696 Il etc. MP, 39 9 5, faq591 73 13 6 'a woman' (). 93 568. 474 (t.) PC. 4 10 4, 4 10 7, 4 10 9 splash, MP. 17 13 6, 74 1 22, 74 86, 83 13 1, cf. Guj. 12, 5107; H. get a splash }; Guj. Tahig, Emaiġ, H 'to splash out from a container '; PSM. Go, goin' to splash'. See DMP. 483. 569. le PC. 2 134, 26 11 3 to muddle (water), to make turbid or muddy, to set into commotion or agitation? cf. ea SH. 8, 4, 439(3) muddled, disturbed'. 570. ac (n.) PC 2 7 3.cattle', Guj. itt bid'. 571. foglio PC. 25 2 6, 25 5 6 etc. MP. 35 1 4 (with respect to eyes under the influence of strong emotion) *expanding, moving to and fro bulging'. ch. PSM 113, fafit = latait. See DMP. 1033, 572 For=18 PC. 48 4, 10 10 3, 17 12 10. folat PC. 36 6 &'cut off, chop off'. 573. Aare PC. 12 3 6,54 6 1, 62 31 destruction', • perdition' (sl fatt, 23:), MP. 18 I 9, 70 1 5; PPTE 9137 'hell' (gl. FCF, 7 977') (c. PSM, agant and any kinds of helt'.) cf. DMP. 569, 670 See DMP. 490. or + ·94 4 575 ft () PC 17 6 3, 58 6 5, 75 21 1 a sort of arrow', a PC 75 17 3 bid'. cf PSM तीरिया (in the compound तीरियासरो from the Samarriccakaha, the interpretation quiver doubtfully put forth by PSM is incorrect) MW a v तीर, तरिका Persian tam 576, 798 PC 4 29, 487, 17 9 3, 20 8 6 etc MP 16 23 6, 60 11 12 etc crush, pound, destroy ' T) See DMP 1077 cf M dalvațne 'trample', G dálovāto total destruction' 577 42 (1) 17 6 2 17 6 9, 52 10 1'challange (to fight)' ( 21189177 ) 578 0197 8 11 1 (w I ETTET), 84 1 3 'a demon prowling at night' (gl da?, TUA ) Sk *911 cf Sk lex 41 night' 579. 4773Z4 PC 761, 77 4, 15 4 8, 19 17 7 MP 52 19 14 with the face turned away' 795€ 580 Qara PC 13 9 1, 26 2 2, 32 13 10, 61 10 7 etc MP 27 14 16, 38 15 4 etc to praise' 819) See DMP 1126 581 5*919(a) PC 369, 8 12 2, 9146, 24 2 8 73 3 8 etc JC 21 8,2 13 4 'a sort of bard' (afelasta) cf DMP 1364 382 5447 PC 15 6 5, 24 10 7, 30 8 4, 31 6 2, 48 13 4 56 2 2,58 105, 64 6 7 etc 'destroyer (7174, 275) ( mostly at the end of a compound) etc (FTET, ·95 1 583 TE PC 899, Bh 'pride' (a) cf. PSM #89, 464, 4511. 584 tots PC. 17 13 10, MP 85 14 6, 91 21 11, JC 2 23 il 'cooked lood' cf Sk Tant occurring in Hemacandra's Parisistaparvan. G रसोई See DMP 599 585 overflow, Rood' PC 497, 17 3 2 etc, MP 145 11, 16 26 12 etc (derived from Sk 'flow') cf G trang 'to flood', tos (!) a flood' See DMP 559. 586 de 'check', 'stop' PC 4 7 10,6 19, 17 9 3, 25 15 2 of H , G 078 587 as PC 15 12 3,18 37, 198 10, 25 37, 70 11 10 12 14 9 etc 'to be sure ', 'certainly 588 qurtate PC 14 2 6 'festoon of green leaves etc (H 191a, gepart) 589 alege PC 18 8 %, 273 %, 29 9 9, 30 9 5, 68 9 1, 84 16 2 a1943 MP 25 18 11, 78 1933, 80 4 13 etc vrolence' (बलात्कार) cf PSV ada 31 See DMP 161 590 faca-*PC 14 9 8, 15 11 I, 37 8 7, 37 113, 58 7 6 etc 'agitated', 'perturbed (7279 cf SH 8 2 174 591 fagen PC 895, 12 8 6, 17 7 3 etc MP 28 198,83 4 8 agitated' perturbed See DMP 1250 '(iras tangente ·96 4 592 a PC. 10 10 2,11 63'a push'. cf. PSM. fasz. 593 AFL, as, T'offer' "keep ready' PC. 4 5 9, 15 11 3, 33 8 6, 45 23, 48 1 1, 53 10 2, 58 9 9, 61 2 2, 80 36, 82 2 6, 83 8 6; MP. 7 12 5, 39 5 13, 77 3 14. See DMP. 1270 and 3 offer' DMP. 818, 819 (Guj. ang, Bieg 'to offer '). 594. m34 (E.) 'embrace' PC, 1910 1, 26 1 1, 449 4, 53 129, 60 9 9 etc.; MP. 5 15 9, 81 6 1. (Guj. als 'embrace'). See DMP. 1279. 595, fafinit PC. 86 3 9; JC. 4 3 8. a piece of cloth held above the head of a person taken in procession, to serve as a canopy': (cf. PSM. ftat, Old Guj. affi, fanit). See DMP. 1370. 596. Diftar perced' PC, 6 1 10; MP. 29 15 2 (Ved. eft to rend'). cf. PL. 924 fail = 45 See DMP 253. 597. The 'a sor of piercing weapon PC. 17 6 5, 58 6 6, 61 1 4. cf. 'to pierce', MP. 84 6 4; NC. 7 7 10; to throw' SH. 84 145. See DMP 1311, 1312 cf. ' to fix on a stake, to pierce' MP. 75 10, 76 8 6 etc; asigla acts of mutual piercing' PC. 52 9 3 (H. gear to pierce'. See DMP. 1313. .