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·GENERAL
REPORT
OX
PUBLIC INSTRUCTION
BENGAL
FOR
1885-86.
Calcutta:
BENGAL SECRETARIAT PRESS.
1886.

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·CONTENTS, rar. GENERAL SUMMARY ... IA.--- RECOMMENDATIONE OF THE EDUCATION COMMIANTON . 11 ... .:. II.-CONTROLLING AGENCIES ... 14 III.- UNIVERSITY EDUCATION ... 22 UNIVKRATTY EXAMINATIONS First Examination in Arts ... .. 25 B. A. Examination ... ... M. A. ... 30 IV. SECONDARY EDUCATION ... ... .. 32 IIIGH ENGLISH SCHOOLS ... 33 Entrance exainination 34 41 MIDDLX ENGLIRIL SCHOOLS ... Middle English Acholarship examination MIDDLE VERNACULAR SCHOOLS +2 ... Mildle Vernacular scholarship examination .. -- V.-PRIMARY EDUCATION .. ... ... . ... 53 ... .. 53 ... ... 55 Upper primary schools Rcholarship examinntion Lower primary schools Noholarship examination ... ('lassification of lower primary schools Distribution of primary schools 56 ... ... 5.9 V.SPECIAL INSTRUCTION .. 6:3 TRAINING SMOOLS (lovernment training schools Aide truining schools for innstera ... 69 for mixtrigues 15 .. ... .. 70 (TJIER SCHOOLS OP SPECIAL INSTRUCTION .. 70 l.aw .. 51 Medicine ... .. 72 ... 73 Engineering Art and Industry ... 70 VII.-FEMALE EDUCATION ... ... 80 Vill - EDUCATION OF EUROPEANS 8.9 .. 104 IX.- EDUCATION OF MAIIOMEDANS X.-EDUCATION OF ABORIGINAL AND BACKWARD RACES 111 XI. INDIGENOUS EDUCATION ... 115 .. ... XII.--SUPPLY ANI) DISTRIBUTION OF TEXT BOOKS ... 118 STATISTICAL RETURNS: GENERAL TABLES, I-VII ... ... ... SUBHIMARY TABLER, I-IV sii

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·An ON 22. REPORT PUBLIC INSTRUCTION IN BENGAL, 1885-86. 1.- GENERAL SUMMARY. The salient points in the educational history of the past year have been the contraction of the field of Government effort in lower primary education, and the consolidation and improvement of the existing system ; the steady advance made in education of every other class, almosi, exclusively through the agency of private effort; the progress that has been made, in the face of considerable difficulties, in the attempt to carry out the recommendations of the Education Commission ; and, dominating all, the imperious nocessity that has existed for the reduction of educational expendituromà reduction that has been effected to the extent of nearly a lakh and a quarter. 2. The following statement shows in the most summary form the comparative statistics of educational institutions of all classes subinitting returns to the Dopartment for the past two years :- YEAR 1884-85. selinule. Pupils. Pupils. Public Institutions University ('olleges 25 2,779 26 2.998 115 High English schools 249 5:3,272 201 57,023 218 Secondary Middle 709 49,18ti 732 63,003 71 vernacular 1,1 11) 69,011 1,141 63,914 561 Upper primary 2.722 100.738 3,087 113,526 37 Primary 62,81;} 1,121,900 47,023 980,100 21 Special 67 1,813 90 5,733 0.1 Fomule 2,351 4.1,112 2,336 46,293 20 Total Public Institutions 70),129 1,112,811 65,299 1,328,280) Private Institutions- Advanced : teachingis Arabic or Persian 949 10.815 1,302 18.706 Sanskrit 1,088 9,841 677 5,416 Elementary : teaching a vernacular only or mainly 37) 5,305 3.689 Other schools not conforming to departmental standards 1,7-18 121 1,818 15 Total Private Institutions 2,513 27,339 2,334 29.7 19 YEAR 1885-86. C..ASN OF INSTITUTIONS. Average pumber of pupils, 1885-80. Schools. .. ... .. ... {Lower ... ... ... 14 9 ... ... 2:3-1 16 112 ... ... ... AL ... GRAND TOTAL 1,170,180) 57,533 1,368,029 3. The steady advance in the total number of schools and pupils recorded year after year since 1877 has now for the first time received an apparent chock. The result of the operations of the year is a loss of 15,108 schools and of 112.151 pupils. This loss is explained by the rigorous exclusion from the departmental examinations for rewards, and subsequently from the annual returns submitted by the local inspecting officers, of all schools with less than 10 pupils cach, and of those that have existed for less than six months. Tlie decrease ·2 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR (:ENKRI. SUMMARY. has been largest in the Divisions of Patna, Bhagulpore, Dacca, and Orissa, where the number of small schools was all along reported to be considerable, and to a less extent in the Burdwan, Chittagong, Rajshahye, and Chota Nagpore Divisions, the Presidency Division alone showing a small increase. The salutary measures that have been adopted of late years for the consolidation and improvement of existing primary schools, the gradual raising of the standard in them, and the withdrawal of aid from those that uso no printed books, have also necessarily tended to the wcoding out of weak institutions under inefficient teachers, and to an appreciable increase in the number of upper primary schools. All these causes will bo considered in detail under the head of primary education. The following figures show the comparative increase and decrease in schools and pupils during the last six years :- Ia . 1881 thore was a guin of 8.131 1882 10,572 1883 10,809 1884 1,369 1886 2,384 1886 a loss of 16,108 schools and 109,469 pupils. ditto 178,156 ditto 204,4+7 ditto 81,517 ditto 77,671 ditto 112,161 95 But.. Dividing the loss in pupils by the loss in schools, we arrive at a result which is entirely in accordance with past experience, namely, that the unreturned schools had an average of about 8 pupils each. The averago number of pupils in lower primary schools has accordingly risen from 16, 17, and 18 in the three preceding years, to 21 in the year under report. In the number of schools under control we have now reverted to the position of 1882 ; in the number of pupils we have advanced beyond that of 1883. 5. The population of Bengal, excluding Cooch Behar, Hill Tipporah, and the Tributary States of Chota Nagpore, of which the schools are not included in our returns, amounted by the last census to 68,160,598, of whom 33,917,217 wore malos and 34,243,381 wore females. Reckoned at the usual proportion of 15 per cent., the number of malo children of school-going age would be 5,087,582, and the number of female children 5,136,507. Of the scholars in our returns, 1,277,959 are boys, and 80,070 are girls. Hence, of all boys of a school-going age, over one in four is at school ; of all girls of a school-going Age one in 64. As the number of towns and villages in Bengal is close upon 260,000, it appears that there is rather over one school to every five villages, a village being defined as that which has less thau 5,000 inhabitants down to the smallest hanılet. 6. A consideration of the foregoing tables gives the following results. There is an increase of one in collegos, due to the opening of college classes in connexion with St. Paul's school, Darjoeling, and there is a a gain of 221 collegiate students. High English schools show u gain of 15 schools and 4,351 pupils. Middle schools, English and vernacular, show an increase of 24 schools and 750 pupils. It will be soon that some of the largest and best vernacular schools have taken to learning English, and have thus becn transferred to the iniddle English class. In upper primary schools thero is an increase of 365 schools and 12,788 pupils, a fact which shows that the standard of primary education is steadily advancing. There is a decrease of 15,240 lower primury schools with 135,740 pupils, owing to canses expleinod already. Special instruction shows an apparent increase of 23 schools and 890 pupils, arising from the erroneous inclusion under that head of 18 maktabs in the district of bankoora, which have adopted departmental standards and are elsewhere shown under primary schools. Under the head of female.education there is a loss of 18 schools, but an increase .of 2,182 pupils. Among private institutions not conforming to departinental standards, there is a considerable incrouse in those teaching Arabic or Persian, but a large falling off in thoso teaching Sanskrit. The loss arises exclusively in the Patna Division, where more than 500 Sanskrit tols have been unnecessarily excluded from the returns by reason of having less than ten pupils a piece--a restriction which was intended to apply only to public primary schools. Elementary vernacular schools or indigenous patshalas also show a large decreasc arising from a similar cause. Under “other schools” there is a slight increase. Detailed Detailed explanations of the changes under euch loud will be found in the different sections of this report.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 3 7. Tho following table classifies schools according to their management: GENERAL CMMARY 1885. 1886. Schools. Pupils. Schools. Pupils. PUBLIC INSTITUTIONE- Under public management- Maintained by the Department by Municipal Boards Under private management- Aided by the Department or by Munici. pal Boards Unaided 325 43 30,956 3,079 328 48 30,992 3,834 ... 68,246 6,615 1,286.626 122.182 46 692 8.231 1,130,280 163,174 ... Total 70,129 1,4-12,841 66,299 1,328,281) PRIVATE INSTITUTION- Of indigenous instruction 2,512 27,339 2,234 29,749 GRAND TOTAL 72,641 1,470,180) 57,533 1,358,029 one 8. There is an increaso of three in the number of institutions maintained by the Department, which is thus accountod for:-A zillah school was opened at Khoolna on the 1st April 1885; a gain of three in middle schools was neutralised by an equal loss in upper primary and industrial schools; and there is an increase of one primary school and one madrassa. Institutions maintained by Municipal Boards have increased from 43 to 48; two high English, two middle, and "other" school having been added to the list during the yoar. The loss in aided institutions is 16,554. Aided colleges have increased by one, high English schools by 6, middle schools by 22, upper primary schools by 377, and special and other schools by 22; while lower primary schools show a decrease of 16,982. This decrease is, in a small measure, the result of the transfer of a number of weak patshalas to the unaided list, but is chiefly due to the exclusion of schools with less than 10 pupils from the returns. In unaided public institutions there is an increase of 1,716, mainly in lower primary schools, as explained above; but it is to be noted thať there is an increase of two in law colleges and of three in high English schools, while middle and upper primary schools show a small declinc. Of the 73 high and 255 unaided middle schools, about 250 aro believed to exist in the hope of getting a Government grant. In indigenous schools, i.c., patshalas, maktubs, tols and madrassas that do not conform to departinental standards, there has beon a nominal loss of 278 schools, the increase in maktabs and madrassus not having been large enough to counterbalance the great loss in Sanskrit tols, owing (as above explained) to the exclusion of institutions with less than 10 pupils from the returns. The following table compares the expenditure for the year with the budge provision, the figures being supplied by the Accountant-General. They include only those amounts which havo boen paid from or into Government treasuries on account of “ Education." Some difficulty in the comparison of sanctions and actuals arises from the fact that a revised classification of the heads of expenditure was effected in the middle of the year, involving sovorul transfers from one head to another: . Sanctioned Budget head of expenditure Acln R. 1885-90. Rs. ... ... Direction Inspection Government colloges, general Ditto, professional Government schools, general Ditto, special Grants-in-aid Scholarships Priniary schools Mircollaneous* Refunds 1885-n. Rs 71.000 4.08, 100 1,18,100 1,068,000 6.12.fi(K) 1,26,300 6.86,6110) 1,76,000 7,4,5,000 24,500) 2,0XX) 53,269 4,48,0-13 3,82.800 90,644 6,51,729 1,60,245 5,87,040 1,70,247 0,90,8.74 31,029 6,421 ... ... .. ... .. ... 33,07,000 5.68,032 32,-4,581 6,38,593 .. .C Total Loss receipts (including interest) Net Government expenditure 27,38,968 27,45 988 .. * Including granty for the encouragement of literuture'. 10. T'ho sanctioned expenditure for 1884-85 huving been Rs. 33,97,000, subsequently increased to increased to Rs. 34,07,000, and the actual actual expenditure A 2 ·+ REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1: ENKRAL I'MMAKY. Rs. 34,00,000, the estimates for 1885 86 were originally fixed at Rs. 33,87,000, but were reduced after the beginning of the year to Rs 33,07,000, by a reduc. tion of Re. 50,000 in grants-in-aid, Rs. 15,000 in the primary grant, Rs. 12,000 in inspection, and Rs. 3,000 iu Government colleges. On this reduced estimate of Rs. 33,07,000 a still further saving of Rs. 22,400 has been effected, through the vigilant control exercised by Mr. Tawney over the expenditure of the Departmont. Receipts have, however, fallen short of the estimate by Rs. 29,400, so that the net expenditure exceeds the estimate by Rs. 7,000. T'he decrease of Rs. 18,331 under Direction is due to the transfer during the year of the establishments of District Committees (Rs. 19,500) to the head of Government schools, and also to the faot that the new head and second assistants did not draw the estimated salaries of their appointments. The increase of Rs. 39,643 under Inspection is owing to tho appointment of Assistant Inspectors for the Burdwan, Rajshahye, and Dacca Divisions, and to the increasod travelling allowances drawn by officers. The large saving of Rs. 65,240 under Government colleges, general, is partly accounted for by the absence of Mr. Tawney on deputation, ard of Mr. Eliot on furlough, and the appointment in their place of officers on smaller salaries. It is, however, chiefly due to the transfer of the Calcutta Madrassa with its estimated expenditure of Rs. 43,000 from the head of colleges to that of "Government schools, special.” The saving of Rs. 9,156 under Government colleges, professional, was effected partly in the Engineering College and partly in the Law Departments. The increase of Rs. 39,000 in Government schools, general, is mainly due to the transfer to this head of the establishments of District Committeos, to the establishment of the Khoolna zilluh school, and to the sanction of expenditure from the surplus balances of zillah schools. Tho increase of Rs. 34,000 under Goverment schools, special, is accounted for by the transfer of the Calcutta Madrassa to this head, and by the decreased charges in sonic of the other institutions. The large decrease of Rs. 54,000 under primary schools was due to the stringent orders about expenditure, the result being a large saving in all parts of Bengal expect Calcutta and the Presidency Division. The increase under Miscellancous was for the most part due to increased expenditure for the encouragement of literature and for the remuncration of examiners, tho fee-receipts uuder the latter liead having been largoly under-estimated. The receipts fell short of the estimate by Rs. 29,500. The actual contributions from municipalities amounted to only Rs. 6,620 ugainst an estimate of Rs. 20,000.“ Miscellaneous” receipts (of the nature of which this Department has no information) fell from an estimate of Rs. 20,000 to Rs. 11,000. Owing to transfers from one head of account to another during the year, it is difficult to trace other causes of variation; but it appears that there was a large falling off in the anticipated feo-receipts of colleges. It may be noticed that the actuals of receipts and expenditure arc in very close accordance with the revised estimates for education, published in the Financial Resolution dated 31st August 1886. 11. The following table compares the expenditure for the last two years as taken from the departmental returns. The class of instruction, and not the budget head of expeu ituro, is here made the basis of classification. The statement includes not only public expenditure, but expenditure from private sources, such as fees and contributions paid to the University and in all public schools; it also includes the receipts and charges of medical education, and the charges for school buildings :- YEAR 1885-88. Total expenditura, Covornment cxpendituro (net). .Rs. .. ... ..... ... ... YTAR 1881-86. liorernment Total expenditure expenditure. (not). Rs. Rs. 31,000 3,27,000 5,62,(x)0 5,82,000) 24,36,000 6.61,61010 27,18,000 1,39,000 1,77,000 4,14,000 5,60,000 1.64,000 1,85.000 1,32,000 2,29,000 8,000 9.000 1,06,000 1,09,000 4,97,000 6,00,00 Iniversity Collegiate Secondary Primary Feninlo Special Scholarships Buildings Furniture and apparatus Miscellancous Superintendonce ... 3,15,000 5.85,000 5,87,000 1,1-1,000 4,11,000 1,68,000 1,12,000 8,000 1,11,000 5,49,000 Rs. 81,000 5,47,0000 26.01,000 24,53,000 5,0:3,000 5,53,0610 1,94,000 1,19,000 9,000 1,37,000 5,51,000 ... .. ... ... .. ... ... Total ... 30,80,000 78,15,000 29,90,000 76,48,000 ·OF PUBLIC INSTKUCTION. 5 $ (EXKRAI. SUMMARY 12. The net Governmont expenditure has decreased by Rs. 90,000, owing to the reductions effected during the year, and the total expenditure by Rs. 1,67,000, owing to the exclusion of 15,000 small schools from the returns. The percentage of Government oxponditure to the total cost of education is 39.1 against 39.4 last year. Had returns of expenditure been received from the large unaided colleges of Calcutta, and from some other successful public institutions under private managepicnt, the proportion of Government expenditure would have been somewhat smaller. University education shows a largo increase of expenditure, owing to the fact that in the previous year there had been no examinations and no payment of examiners. Under collegiate instruction there has been a decrease of Rs. 12,000 in Government expenditure. The saving in the Presidency Collego was Rs. 10,000, owing to the retirement of two of the professors, the absence of Mr. Tawney and Mr. Eliot, and the appointment in their places of officers on lower salarios. The Patna and Flooghly colleges saved Rs. 6,000, while the Dacca and Rajshahye colloges expended Rs. 4,000 moro than in the previous year. Secondary instruction shows an increase of Rs. 3,000, almost wholly in European schools. In primary schools there is a decrease of Rs. 61,000, shared by all the divisions except tho Prosidency and the town of Calcutta, which show a small increase. The increase under fomalo education took place in European schools, and in the divisions of Burdwan, Patna, Bhagulpore, and the town of Calcutta, while the Dacca Division shows a decrease of Rs. 3,000. The saving of Rs. 3,000 under special instruction is accounted for by a reduction of Rs. 4,000 under Training Schools and schools of medicino, and by other charges that nearly balance. The increasc under scholarships arises from the temporary incrouse nade in their number in 188-1 in order to meet the requirements of the increased number of candidates at the departmental examinations. The expenditure on buildings shows a decrease of Rs. 80,000, Rs 59,000 of which was on account of European schools. The remaining amount was saved in the l'ublic Works Department under orders stopping all repairs except those that were urgently necessary: The increase under the head miscellaneous amounted to a large sum in the divisions of lacca, Rajshahye, Bhagulpore, and Chittagong, while tho Putna, Burdwan, Presidency and Orissa Divisions show a decrease. The cost of superintendence has increased by Rs. 52,000. This is in a large measure due to the increase of the sulary of third-grade Sub-Inspectors from Rs. 30 to Rs. 50, tho appointment of Assistant Inspectors for the Burdwan, Dacca, and Rajshalyo Divisions, and the increased travelling allowances drawn by inspecting officers iu tho river districts under the orders of the Government of Lidia 13. Tho fee-receipts of institutions under public inanagement (Rs. 4,81,000) show a decroase of Rs. 500 over those of the last year. Tbe increase of Rs. 7,500 under high schools, of Rs. 4,500 under other schools, and of Rs. 1,000 under law, medicine, and engineering, has been more than counterbalanced hy the decrease of Rs. 13,500 in general colleges. 'l he decreased attendance at some of the Government colleges, and tho non-payment of fees by second and fourth-year students for the last three months of the official yeor, on completion of their two years attendance at lecturos, account for this falling off. The aided colleges, however, show an increase of Rs. 7,000 in fce-receipts. Taking together all classes of public schools under private management that receive grants-inaid, it is seen that their fco-receipts have been reduced from Rs. 22,86,000 to Rs. 21,81,000. The anıount of their local income from endowments and subscriptions was Rs. 9,60,000 against Rs. 10,59,600 in the preceding year. This large falling of is due to the exclus on of all schools with less than 10 pupils from the central examinations for rewards, and subsequently from the district returns. The amount of the Government grant paid to all classes of aided schoois has similarly fallon from Rs. 11,74,000 to Rs. 11,18,000. The total contributions from municipalities in aid of schools amounted to Rs. 74,600 against Rs. 71,400 in the preceding year. The amount was thus distributed. A sum of Rs. 6,600 was paid to schools under departmental management, Rs. 11,100 to schools managed by Municipal boards, and Rs. 50,900 to schools under privato management. 14. The following table sums up for reference the statistics of attendanco and cost in all classes of public schools for native buys; the schools for ·6 REPORT OF TIIE DIRECTOR GENERAL Europeans, which are far more expensive institutions, being separately dealt with in a subsequent section of this report: SUMMARY. Schools for Native Boys. ---- AVERAGE YEARLY CONT OT KACU POPIL. Cost CLA88 OP SCHOOLS. Number of schools. Average roll om. ber throughout the year. Average daily attend. ance, Percentage of attendance ou full num. ber. To Govornuvont. Total. Percentage Government tu total coat. HIGH ENGLISE SCHOOLS- Rs. A. 1'. Ru. A. P. 52 Undor public munagement- Maiutained by the departmont Ditto by municipal boards 283 236 89.04 9 9 11 2 31 30.6 229 179 78'1 0 16 3 18 51 ... Under privato monagomont- Aided by the department or by municipal bourds Unaided 3 30 144 112 7707 S 15 ] 19 7 0 89 233 886 17 .. 02 ... .... ...... Total High English Schools ... 255 910 17) 814 ...... ...... MIDDLE KNOLINU SCHOOL Undor public managemont- Maintained by the department Ttlo by municipal bourd» 11 .10 94 81'03 8 0 16i 14 + 50'6 ... ... ... ... S 177 147 83'018 0 2 7 15 1 5'6 Undor private management- Aided by the department or by municipal boards Unaided 347 64 50 781 S 14 12 $ 31 (12 165 47 7996 .... 7 10 10 ... Total Middle English Schools ... 770 84 50 781 ....... ..... MIDDLE VERNACULAR SCHOOLS Undor public managemont.com Maintained by the doportmont Ditto by muuicipal boards 179 ... 87 77'08 5 7 11 8 6 10 .. CRO 134 102 7081 ...... 7 12 101 UN PO. .... Undor private management- Aided by the dopartment or by municipal boards l'naidod 67 61 39 704 2011 7 8 3 31 6 503 78 bil 0 ...... Total Middle Vernacular Schouli 1,141 62 40 77 ... UruR PRIMARY SCHOOL- Under public managament Maintained by the depurtment Ditto by municipal boards .. ... 20) 047 2 14 1 3 73 R34 6 14 437 ...... 88 3 . Lindor privato mitnagomont- Aided by the department or by municipal hoards 2,074 ng 27 4198 9 6 37 18.08 Unnidad 78 30 23 70*15 8 6 9 ... ... ... ...... Total Upper Primary Schools 3,080 39 27 81.8 ...... ..... LOWAR PRIMARY HOROOLH- Under publir managoment- Maintained by the departmont Ditto hy municipal boards 14 10 71'4 6 3 6 10 032 ?? ... 20 lindor private management Aider by the dopaitment or by municipal boards 4,082 10 0 8 2 8 22.5 UP Unaided 7,609 16 783 1 18 3 .. ... oc .. ...... Total Lower Primary Sohools 17,023 28 18 828 00 11 ...... ...... .. RS. WE ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 7 GENERAL SUMMARY 15. The percentage of attendance in high English schools has risen from 80.2 to 81-4; in middle schools, both English and vernacular, it remains nearly constant at 78 and 77. The few upper primary schools maintained by the Department show a decrease in attendance from 66.6 to 64.7, and those maintained by municipal boards from 53.3 to 43-7, while aided schools of this class (the great majority) show an improvement from 80 to 81-8 por cent. Unaided upper primaries have gone down from 78.8 to 76.6 per cent. The general result, however, is an improvement (fron 79.4 to 81.8) in tho attendance of this class of schools. Lower primary schools furnish a percentage of 82.8 against 81.2 in the preceding year. Those maintained by the Department bave declined from 72-2 to 71.4; while municipal schools give 42-8 against 39.1 per cont. The low attendance in departmental primaries is due to the backwardness of the people amongst whom they have been set up; in municipal schools, whether upper or lower primary, the attendance is so remarkably low (about 43 per cent.) that it must be due to special causos, of which, however, no explanation is given in the reports. The subject is of obvious importance in view of the transfer of Government schools to municipal bodies, and special attention will be given to it. In aided lower primaries, which form tho great bulk of these schools, there is an improvement from 81.2 to 84.2 per cent. This high average has been maintained from year to year in the face of nuch hostile criticism. In previous roports I have frequently criticised these high percentages of attendance, as showing that the registers are untrustwortlıy. It is quite possible, however, that I have overlooked one point of importance, namely this, that a patshala is ordinarily kept up for the benefit of children residing in its immediate neighbourhood, who are either taken to school hy their relatives, or forced to attend every day by the guru himself in accordance with time-honoured custom. In the case of a big school, deriving its pupils from a large area, such a system of compulsory attendance is out of the question. 16. The returns of the averago cost of a pupil in each class of schools show a general reduction. In Government high English schools the cost is nearly stationary; but in municipal schools there is a decrease from Re. 1-11-1 to Ro. 0-15-3 in the cost to Government, and also a sensible decrease in the total cost. Aided high schools cost Rs. 3-15-1 to Government against Rs. 4-2-5; but their total cost increased from Rs. 19-2-11 to Rs. 19-7. Government middlo English schools slow a decline in Government expendituro from Rs. 11-11-8 to Rs. 8-9, and in total cost from Rs. 27-7-5 to Rs. 16-11-1. There are only 11 schools of this class, but most of them are comparatively costly institutions, such as the two schools in Calcutta, the boarding schools in the Chittagong Ilill Tracts, and the Darjeeling zillah school. Municipal schools of th's class cost Re. 0-7-2 per pupil, though in the preceding year they cost nothing to Government. Tho Govornment cost in aided middle English schools is Rs. 3-14-1 against Rs. 4.1-9. In Government vernacular schools the cost to Government was Rs. 5-7-11 against Rs. 5-0-5, while in aided schools of the same class the cost was noarly stationary at about half that rate. Government upper primary schools cost tho Stato Rs. 2-14-1 against Rs. 3-7-4 in the year before, but aided schools of this class show little or no change. The same romark applies to the aided lower primaries, which cost Government Rs. 0-8-8 against Rs. 0-8-9, while their totul cost has been reduced from Rs. 3-11-7 to Rs. 2-6-6 per pupil. The cost of vernacular education in the few municipal schools of Bengal, whether middle or primary, is entirely borne by the municipalities, Government not being called upon to make any contribution towards their expenditure. It is a notuworthy fact that the Municipality of Calcutta does not maintain a single school of any class, nor does it contributo in any way towards the support of those that are maintained by Govornment or by private bodies. Calcutta occupies in this respect an isolated position among the great prosidency towns of India. It has been already noticed that the contributions of municipalities throughout Bengal to Government schools (estimated at Rs. 20,000) fell to something like Rs. 6,000, though two years ago the receipts from this source had risen to Rs. 12,000. 17. The classification of pupils according to their progress in all schools of general instruction is shown in the following table. The high stage includes pupils in the first two classes of high schools ; the mid:lle stuge includos pupils ·B REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OENERAL SUMMARY. in the lower classes of these schools and in the higher classes of middle schools down to the point which marks the limit of primary instruction ; the upper primary stage includes the higuer section, and the lower primary the lower section, of primary schools or classes, these last again being divided into those who are reading and those who are not reading printed books :- LOW&B PRIMARY STAGE. UPPER PRIMARY Hias BTAGR. MIDDLK STAGE. STAGE. TOTAL CLASA OP SCHOOLB. Number of schools. Higher section (read. Lower section (not ing printed books). reading prinwd books). Number of papils on the rolls on the Sist March 1886. Roys. Girls. Total. Boys. Girls. Boys. High English 809 I. 68,106/13, 297 37,350 688 *67,011 Middle 762 .. 64,878 19 II 82,012 2,866 54,378 1o. vernacular 1,166 .. 64,762 4518,942 17,488 119 17,802 14,788 141 14,879 11,859 206 11,664 478 18 624 19 39 9,478 486 0,918 15,860 622 10,181 28,804 707 29,571 4,167 599 4,880 10,189 90' 10,279|16,403 214 16,619 27, AC'S 870 28,828 8,711 810 9,021 891) 184 628 20,028 1,838 22,586 88,902 7,588 60,860 20,876 3,706 83,681 . 4,752 5676,808 637,020,30,006 687,990 895,052 30,186 425,838 63,208 1,484 64,752 Upper primary ... .. ... ... 110,156 13,086 123,2 12 3,978 123,242 40,623 1,019,0781 Lower .. ... 967,428 61,840 1,019,07% Total 56,188 1,319,549 13,311 04 13,876 37,641 778 38,919 72,381 3,102 75,578 678,108 40,388 718,444 498,873 31,771 473,644 1,240,214 70,141 1.919,8.56 * Returns of 194 boys of La Martinioro School have not been furnished. The percentage of students not reading printed books, which had fallen in the previous year from 43•6 to 39.8, bas again fallen to 35 9. 18. The following compendious summary of the foregoing table compares the salient figures for 1881-85 and 1885-86:- ---- NUMBER OF PUPILS. STAGE. Increuse. Docreuer, 1884-85, 1885-86. . ... ...... II. .. High Middlo Upper primary Lower (higher section) Ditto (lower section) 2,010 2.096 5,760 ....! 11,335 36,2233 69,82: 746,7616 571,759 13,375 38,319 75,673 718,144 473,6-11 ..... ...... 27,321 98,116 Total ... #1,434,905 +1,319,365 9,886 125,436 Net 116,550 * Exclusive of 314 pupils whone returns woro not furnished. + Ditto of 194 ditto dit to ditto. 19. While the total number of pupils in secondary schools has increased during the year by 4,777, or 2.7 per cent., the number in the high and middle stages has increased by 4,136, or by 8:6 per cent. This clearly marks a satisfactory record of progress in secondary instruction. Upper primary schools show an increase of 23,766 pupils, or 24 per cent., but the increase of pupils in the upper primary stage is 5,750, or only 8.2 per cent. In other words, many of the schools newly admitted to the upper primary standard are as yet without strong upper classos. The large decrease in both sections of the lower primary stage is due to the exclusion from the returns of all schools --aving less than 10 pupils each. The number of pupils not reading printed books is 438,873. These compriso the large proportion of little children in a patshala, generally between four and seven yoars of age, who scrawl letters on the floor and join in shoutiug out the multiplication table and other tables of native urithmetic, familiarity with which is thus acquirod by constant rupetition. A reference to the first of the two tables shows that the number of surh children is very small in high schools, but rapidly increases as we descend to middle English and middle vernacular schools, suddenly expands as we come to upper primary schools, and finally becomes a substantial proportion of the pupils attending lower primary schools. The proportion is for high English schools 0.9 per cent., middlo English schools 8 per cent., middle vernacular schools 14 per cent., upper primary schools 27 per cent., and lower primury schools 41 per cent.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 9 UENERAL SUMMARY If we take all pupils in the upper and lower primary stages together, we find that the proportion of primary pupils in high schools is 46 per cent., in middle English schools 81 per cent., and in middle vernacular schools 84 per cent. Again, of all boys at school one per cent. are in the high stage, and of all girls •08 per cent. ; the figures for the middle stage aro 3 and 9 per cent. respectively; for the upper primary stage 5.8 and 4 per cent. ; for the higher section of the lower primary stage 54.6 and 50.9 per cent..; for the lower section of the lower primary stage 35 and 43:9 per cent. Thus, a little niore than half the boys and girls at school in Bengal are in the lower primary stage, reading printed books. 20. The following table shows the caste and creed of pupils in all classes of institutions : Abstract Return of Caste and Creed of Pupils at Colleges and Schools in Bengal for the year 1885-86. IIINDU8. CIRIBTIANS. CLANS OP INSTITUTIONA. Sumber of institutions. Prvic INSTITUTIONS. Iniversity Ellucation. Ari4 colleges 263 2.908 1,603 249 128 144) 40 27 67 II. 13 2.294 (a) 2,000 (6) 411 Professional collega's . I. 1,193 395 19 24 35 102 13 11.5 10 C00 Sr.humls for liencral Educution. Boys' scholy Huhe English 57,629 87,001 7,120 8,791 160 15,517 1,913 400 1.632 054 (c) 60,141 (d) 13,022 M. 732 62,009 28,161 7,901 0.236 076 e. 1,619 1.6.2013 3117 314 51991 Vernicular 1,141 09,94 30,321 11,798 11,328 1,511 $4,060 8,157 210 210 31 63,911 lipper primary ... 3,087 118,520 39,079 20,6582 20,124 4,315 91,700 20,335 182 650 1,330 113,5't Dow) 47,623 11 986.100 218,000 1H1,397 194,9992 51, 120 6319,724 30:7,658 ...... 3,884 3,884 23,396 IN, Girls' schools 40,293 18,408 6,309 7,514 1,529 (r) 31,019 5,797 2,015 2,033 6,5544 910 HVAD : 78 -- 1,136 207 209 1,9156 1,809 10 692 161 Selle lor special duration Total 58,299 1,828,280 870,260 238,807 252,645 / 59,070 (1) 027, 6:38 358,469 6,118 8,16 11,282 21,72! (0)1,32%,!10% 'RVATE IS BTI1'110NS. Advanced ... 1,8799 21,312 6,433 210 19 6,008 18,638 ... 1 1 24.212 bilementary 337 55,637 (337 491 657 201 1,986 2,845 59 69 617 Total 2,2:36 29,719 6,070 011 076 7,654 21,385 00 60 GRAND TOTAL. 67,583 1,369,029 382 320 239,509 253,321 19,937 () 0:36,0192 879,812 11,111 8,22 11,312 27, 877 '(f)1,334:07 .. (a).--Exlusive of 704 pupils wliosu returns have not been furnishıcd. (0). Ditto of 692 ditto ditto ditto. (c). Dituo of 60 ditto duto ditto. (1). Ditto of 12 ditto ditto ditto. (e). Ditto or 13 ditto ditto ditto. (S). Ditto of 1,376 ditto ditto ditto. 21. Of the pupils in all public institutions, 68.8 per cent. are Hindus, 27.9 per cent. are Mahomedans, more than one per cent. Christians, and more than two por cent. professing aboriginal or other creeds. Of the Ilindus at school, 40:8 per cent. belong to tho dominant castes, 25.6 per cent. to the Navasakhs, 27 per cent. to the Banias and other intermediate custes, and 6.4 per cent. to the Chandals and othor low castes. In Arts Colleges there are 1,693 of the high castes against 370 of the other castes, or more than one in four. In professional colleges, there are 395 of the literate against 46 of the other castes. In high English schools the proportion is nearly three to one, in middle English schools about two to one, in middlo vernacular about five to four, in upper primary schools about seven to nine, in lower primary about one to two. In schools for girls more than half the number belong to the higher castes.

·10 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR (IXNERAL SUMMARY 22. The following table shows the social position and occupation of the parents of the pupils : Abstract Return of Occupation of Parents or Guardians of Pupils at Colleges and Schools in Bengal for the year 1885-86. - AL- MIDDLN CLAASKB OF SOCIETY (YEARLY INCOME PROM Rs. 200 To Rs. 5,000.) POORER OLABS BS OP SOCIETY (YRABLY INCOMB NOT KXOKEDING Rs. 200). CLANS OP INSTITUTIONA. Yumber of institutions. Number of pupils on the rolls on the 31st March, Richer classes of society (rearis income above Rs. 5,000). Government ser vice. Prirate service. Estates. Professions, Trades. Agriculture. Common labour. Service. Skilled labour. Trades, Miscellaneous. Total, GRAXD TOTAL. Tota.. 282 187 1 1 ... 2,00R 1,193 198 47 3.80 192 1,910 439 126 472 73 77 11 47 16 12 0 19 49 19 181 81 (a)2, 289 () 640 ..1.10 PITBLIC INSTITUTIONS. Unrvorsity Education. Arts colleges Profesional Schools for General Education, Buyn' schools- Nikh English Middle vernaculur Uppor primary 1.ower Girls' schools Nchools for spocial adu. cution 800 1,501 2,181 284 67,629 4,0R2 9,04 9,598 8,288 6,114 5,490 88,604 5,510 8,354 2,124 7832 62,0613 1,231 8,201 7,271 7,1017 3,1090 4,721 25,490 6,935 8.995 3,427 1,141 09,444 1,013 2,490 6,7117 8,94 2, W36 15,416 24,463 7,849 16,64% 6,38 9,087 118,620 760 1,401 4,0012 10,020 2,107 6,117 23.713 11,091 60,089 12,9129 47,023 986,160 2,5-43 4,110 14.701 17,082 10,951 39.920 110,40101 62.642 588.31 88,127 2,990 40,293 1,010 3,460 4,319 8,688 2,280 8,381 17,128 6,640 11,831 4,562 78 4,640 77 280 327 779 242 897 2,031 1,017 204 66,209 1,828,280 | 11,36424,740 165,604 861,3389 27,60% 68,640 241,3:30 100,292040,410 118,537 5.17 1,342 1,578 4.178 60,200 1,6-W0 2,105 2,592 3,877 5,007 35,758 2,766 14,830 20,822 38,469 89,039 872,817 27,787 (o) 67,916 (d)51,919 63,46 (c) 119,511 946, 160 (S) 15,131 42,767 1,869 211 257 4,510 Total 61,0-49 05,037 | 62,508 1,0701,828 (g) 1,320,3:24 PRIVATK INSTITUTIONΘ. Advanced Elementry 212 1,879) 305 24,212 5,037 UU 59 18 74 205 1,303 1,076 09 KOS 235 3,227 1,096 873 19,90R 3,000 1,536 477 698 187 020 905 241 2,276 020 20,993 4,8905 6,697 Total .I. 20,719 100 288 1,317 1,141 708 3,811 1,459 16,034 2,012 880 1,146 2,806 20,837 29,719 67,695 1,858,029 11,131 24,840 i 18,842 87,906 | 28,812 69,497 247,077 102,201 697,844 120,3-19 54,920 06,183 66,399 1.000,003 (0)1,366,073 GRAND TOT 41. (n) Returns of pupils in La Martiniora College, 666 pupilu iu tho Metropolitan lustitution, and 110 pupils in the Ripon College in all 700 pupils-huve not bner furninhod. (6) Retuinis ol 603 pupils, vix. 426 of the Metropolitan, 170 of the Ripon, and 7 of the Jagannath Collegos, have not been furnishrd. Ditto of 19 pupils of La Martero for boys and 1:3 pupils m another Europoan and Eurasian school in all 207 pupils--have not been furnished. id) Ditto of 60 popols in St. Mielul's School, Coronjo, h:1 ve not brun furnished. Dito of ih pupila of Mt. James' Parochial School live 1101. 1xen unrhed. Jitto of su2 pupilsvil. 2 of La 11:ertinere for girls, go of the Prutl Momoriul and Calcutta Free Schools, and 194 of the European school, Douakepore, and Bonevolent Insti: 11110n, Calcullu, liave not been furnishod. (0) Exclusive of 1,9950 pupils wlioso returns buve uot been furnished. The same 23. Of 2,998 students in arts colleges, only 198, or 6:6 por cent., are the children of parents having a yearly income of ovor Rs. 5,000; while the parents of 181, or 6 per cent., have incomes not exceeding Rs. 200 a year. Tho children of middle class parents, whose yearly income ranges from Rs. 200 to Rs. 5,000 a year, numbered 1,910, or 03.7 por cent., and no returns havo boon received regarding 709 students, or 23:6 per cent. Judged by a European standard, the majority of our college pupils are undeniably poor. remurk applies to the professional colleges. In high English schools, the proportion of upper and middle class pupils together is 73.8 per cent., in middle English 51:3 por cont., in middle vernacular 39.8 per cent, in upper primary 21:5 per cent., in lower primary 11.4 per cent. cent. These figures are in accordance with previous experience. 24. The number of pupils in all classes of institutions, aided and unaided, is shown in the following table for each division :- IN PUBLIC INSTITITIONS. IN PRIVATN INSTITUTIONS. Colleges. Secondary ,&rloola. Priminry wchos, purial Achools. Total. Advanced. Eloniontury. Total Grand Total. TIVIALON. $187.185. 1885. 1880. 1880. 1886. 1880. 1886. 1885. 1880. 1883. 1886. 1885. 1886. 1885. 1886. 1885. 1886. K91 2,061 2,498 1650) 101 -31 418 8:2 80 241 172 89 080 26,9948 M. 314 27,023 176,417 204,722 49, 170 277,811 136,504 17:9,999 Onlcutta Providency Burdwani Rajuhliye Dar'a (hittipong Putus Bhagalporn Chota Nusporc ONIANI (TIMU Tributary Mehals Pupils in schools for Europeans Eurians throughout the country 13.033 18,300 10.044 31,9A 33.73) 14.11,106 32.4187 3-4.8.13 1:3,076 11,046 81,217 29 MB 31,0770 25,918 10,270 111,273 133 716 16 457 14,347 156 7565 6,323 $1,810 3.911) 3, 10.885 4:53, 122,074 747 7011 13,013 818 361 878 175 760) 89 3412 31 313 233 10,331 8115 142,27 197 280.65 376 76,020 106 1981,880 078 114.051 050 110,192 601 7:4,500 43,084 30% 1:21,7:19 218 11,110 15 22,918 404 8181 199 178,070 816 202,311 1.00 1,33 1,701 SM),192 421 608 231,432 4,67 | 18,1.,0 1,418 126,412 50 3,9338 90 131.412 10,563 2,495' 1,563 X8.267 33 2501 3:11 47,810 837 80:8 S80 121,950 887 040 201 218 231 648 904 2,016 008 14,381 6,180 2,660 6:19 CANS 1,484 ,214 186 204 29A 190 27,154 176,081 202,247 98.00 283.89% 136,510 185,03% 89,077 51.365 128,31 + 3,5085 785 6,087 952 12,1010 717 073 1,148 80,636 1791,580 204,377 01,600 245,016 131,61% 134,602 80,4610 47,576 127,798 151), 6:2 127,186 15 14,705 11,856 121 83 101 $ 131 88 14,830 11,974 6.66% 0,98 746 712 6,098 II. .. 6,409 5. ... 00.. ..... 6,400 6,098 TY 27.839 29,749 1,470,180 1,358,029 (6) 3,709 709,191 172.458 177,935 1,242,761 1,112,311 3,013 4,640 1412,841 1,828,280 20.328 24,212 7,018 5,887 (a) includes pupils of college for law, modiciue and engineering. (oj lucludus shouls for both boys and girls.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 11 QENRRAL Except in the town of Calcutta and the Presidency and Burdwan Divisions, there has been a more or less marked loss of pupils in every division, owing to causes previously explained. SUMMARY 1A. RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE EDUCATION COMMISSION. 25. Under the orders conveyed in the Home Department letter No. 12-321, dated the 24th October 1885, a separate section of the Annual Report on Education is to be devoted to an account of the measures that have been adopted during the year for carrying out the recommendations of the Education Commission. They are accordingly summarised in the following paragraphs. 26. Indigenous Schools.- The recognition and encouragement of the Sanskrit tols, tho highest class of indigenous schools in thoso provinces, have long formed an essential part of the educational system of Bengal. The tols of Nuddea have for many years reccived a subsidy of Rs. 1,200, lately increased to Rs. 1,800 a year; an annual grant of Rs. 500 is made to the Saraswat Samaj of Dacca, a private society for the promotion of the study of Sanskrit in Eastern Bengal; and a yearly examination is held at Calcutta, in the Sanskrit College, for the award of appropriate titles and prizes to pundits and students. A similar examination has been instituted at Cuttack for the benefit of the inhabitants of Orissa. These examinations and the prizes connocted with them have elicited large private benefactions for the encouragement of successful students. A proposal to incrcase the Government contribution for rewards to pundits and their pupils is now before Government. Tbere were 1,302 Muhammadan maktabs under supervision in the year 1885-86, and 577 Sanskrit tols, against 940) maktabs and 1,088 tols in 1881-85. The disappearance of 500 tols from the departmental returns has been already explained. 27. Primary Education. The recommendations of the Commission as to elementary indigenous schools may be most conveniently considered under this head, as the greater part of the grant for primary education in Bengal is spent on the encouragement of indigenous schools. This is the system recommended by the Commission, and there has thereforo been little necessity for any alteration of established practices in these provinces, particularly as no money has been available for improvements involving incrcased expenditure. Of the recommendations noticed with approval in paragraph 14 of the Resolution of the 23rd October 1885, that relating to the inspection and examination of aided schools in situ is being carried out to the utmost extent possible with the present limited agency. The proposal that primary schools should generally ho aided according to results has for a long time been acted on in this province. Special rules have, since the date of tho Resolution, boen framed for the promotion of education among the Sonthals, in full accordance with the latter part of the recommendation. The Church Missionary Society have been the pioneers of education among this raco; but as the labours of the Society's agents, necessarily limited by the means at their disposal, have covered only a comparatively small field, additional schools bave been established under the direct control of the Education Department. These institutions have been organised in close correspondence with the existing village system of the Sonthals, and great care has been taken to work in co-operation and harmony with the missionary body, so as to avoid any conflict between the two sets of schools. The gurus, who are either Bengali-knowing Sonthals, or Sonthaliknowing Bengalis, receive stipends of Rs. 6 or Rs. 4 a month ; 100 schools have been set up and are now working with success; and a proposal has been roceived for the establishment of a normal school on a small scale to train Sonthal teachers. With regard to the ninth recommendation quoted in this paragraph, it is believed that the standards in primary schools do not need simplification in Bengal. The question is, however, still under consideration. To give effect to the sixteenth recommendation of the Commission, it was proposed in 1885 (1) to provide for the promotion of 55 sub-inspectors from Rs. 30 to Rs. 50 a month; (2) to raise 44 education clorks into sub-inspectors on Rs. 20 a month additional pay, and Rs. 10 a month traveliing allowance ; (3) to provide 60 sub-inspectors on Rs. 50, with travelling allowance at Rs. 20. B 2 ·REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR INNERAL BI'MMARY. reasons. The subject I wanagement at Narail, in the district of Jessorc, to which aid 12 Of these three proposals, the second and third were abandoned for financial The first was carried out, but as it was found necessary to make still further retrenchments, the number promoted was reducod from 55 to 51. Full provision under the third head was made in the budget estimates for 1886-87. It was not found possible to provide the additional sum required; but from the 1st April 1886 ten more sub-inspectors have been entertained, on salaries of Rs. 50 a month, in addition to the 51 sub-inspectors promoted in 1885. 28.' Secondary Education. The first proposal made by the Commission under this head, that in the upper classes of high schools there be two divisions--one leading to the Entrance examination of the University, the other of a more practical character, intended to fit youths for commercial or other non-literary pursuits,"—has been carried out in the case of European and Eurasian schools. The difficulty of introducing the same principle into na institutions lies partly in the preliminary expense involved in opening new classes requiring special appliancos, and often extra teachers; and partly in the fact that nothing can be done without the co-operation of the University. The subject is closely connected with that of technical education, which is now under consideration. Scholarships.~The recommendations of the Commission us to scholarships have been fully carried out in Bongal, as explained at page 250 of tho Report. Ilostels.--The Government of India, in paragraph 25 of the Resolution, recommends for consideration the advantage of attaching boarding-houses to high schools, as suggested by tho Chief Commissioner of Assam. is one in which Muhammadans tako a special interest, as they find niore difficulty than Ilindus experience in obtainin r lodging for students. Mr. Tawney was requested to stute his opinion whother the work of providing and maintaining such establishments should be regarded as one requiring the direct aid of Government, or whether it should be left to privato enterprise. After consulting Circle Inspectors, he recommended that the Government contribution to boarding houses should be limited to a capitation allowance of one rupee a month for each boy, and that the sur plus funds of zillah schools should be used when necessary in establishing hostels. The Lieutenant-Governor accepted the suggestions as to capitation allowances, but declined to grant Government money for the building or maintenance of hostels, the cost of which, he considered, should be defrayed from local subscriptions and from the boarding fees charged. The Government consonted, however, to grant temporary subsidies in pressing cases. The expenditure upon hostels in the year 1885-86 amounted to Rs. 2,550. 29. Collegiate Education.--It was not considered necessary to adopt the proposal of the Commission for the establishment of a new College at Bhagulpore. The fact, romarked on by the Commission, that no aided colleges have sprung up in Bengal ontside Calcutta is due to no deficiency in the rates of the grants authorised by existing rules, but rather to the practico of requiring a fee of five rupees a month to bo leviod in all aided colleges; while the example of the private institutions of Calcutta, in which a fee of only three rupees is charged, shows that the former limit is too high at any rate for colleges in the interior. This viow has been recently confirmed by tho opening of a college was solicited on the expross condition that a fee of three rupees only should be charged ; and a grunt of Rs. 100 a month was finally sanctioned on these In order to give effect to the recommendations of the Commission as to the gradual withdrawal of Govornnorit from the direct control of certain colleges, it has been notified in a Resolution, dated the 18th June 1886, that on the 1st May 1887 the Berhampore and Midnapore colleges would be transferred witli specified grants to private munagement, or, in default of any suitablo offer to tako them ovor, would be closed. With regard to the other colleges named by the Commission, a special exception has been made in favour of Chittagong on account of its distancu and isolation. The transfer of the Krishnagar and Rajshahiye colleges to private management is desirable, and should be kept ntcadily in viow; but there seems to bo no early prospect of the required conditions being satisfied. The suggestion quoted with approval in the Resolution, paragraph 26, “ that the rate of aid to each college be determined by the strength of tho staff, the expenditure on its maintenance, the ; .Oris.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 13 CENTRAL UMMARY :31. efficiency of tho institution, and the wants of the locality," is carried out in Bengal, where Indian graduates are also largely employed, as recommended by the Commission. 30. Internal Administration of the Department.--The Government of India having in paragraph 29 of the Resolution intimated approval of the recommendation that conferences of officors of the Education Department among theinselves, and of such officers with managers of schools, should be held from time to time, a meeting of Inspectors was held in June 1884, and again in Juno 1885. It was also arranged to hold a conference of managers of grant-in-aid schools in the cold-weather of 1884 for the consideration, among other things, of the grant-in-aid rules, with special reference to femalo education ; but this latter gathoring had to be postponed on account of the ill-health which compelled me to take furlough. This conference will, under the orders of Government, be held next cold-weather. Tho recommendation that native gentlemen of approved qualifications be eligible for the post of Inspector of Schools, and that they be employed in that capacity more commonly than hitherto, has been acted upon in the case of Baboo Radhika Prasanna Mookerjea, who has been appointed to officiate as Inspector of Schools, Presidency Circle, during the absenco of Mr. C. B. Clarke. Baboo Brahma Mohar Mullick has been similarly employed for some years as Inspector of Schools in the Western Circle. Female Education.—In chapter VII of their Report, the Commission rocommended that Inspectresses bo employed, where necessary, for the general supervision of Government, aided, and other girls' schools desiring inspection. Ai present only one Inspectress of Schools is employed, her duties being chiefly confined to the inspection of girls' schools and zenanus in Calcutta. Mr. Tawney recommended the appointment of two more Inspectresses--one for the Western Circle and ono for the Behar Circle ; but the necessity which existed for reducing the Education Budget Estimates for 1886-87 to the lowest possible limit made it impossible to allow provision for this additional cost to stand. Of the other recommendations under this head, it may be generally said that many have been or are being carried out in Bengal, so far as funds will perniit. Some of the proposals of the Commission will be laid before the conference of school managers to be held next cold season in Calcutta. Meanwhile the present system is working in Bengal with considerable success, the nunber of girls' schools having risen from 1,785 in 188:1-84 and 2,309 in 1884-85 to 2,350 in 1885-60; and the number of female pupils from 65,813 in 1883-8.1 and 76,546 in 1884-85 to 80,070 in 1885-86. :32. Ex/ernal Relations of the Department. The main point for consideration under this head is the question wliether the existing grant-in.aid rulos are suffic'ent and satisfactory for their purposes. This will be fully discussed at the conference to be held next cold weather. The chief difficulty obviously arises from the limitation of the assigninent. 33. Special Classes. To give practical effect to the reconimendations of the Commission for the encouragen:ent of Muhammadan education, the Lieutenaut-Governor has sanctioned the foundation, from tho beginning of the next academical year, of the following scholarships :-(1) 20 scholarships of Rs. 7 a month, tenable for two years at any colleyc affiliated to the University, to be awarded to Muhammadan students of these provinces who pass the Entrance examination and fail to obtain any more valuable exhibition; (2) 10 scholarships of Rs. 10 a month and 10 of Rs. 7, also tenable for two years, to be awarded in order of merit to such of the previous scholars as pass the F. A. examination. Two scholarships of Rs. :-5 a nionth, each tenablo for one year, have also been sanctioned for Muhanımadans who have passed the B. A. cxamination, to enable them to read for the degree of M. A. It is declared that these scholarships are not to be regarded as permanent foundations, but as an assistance temporarily given to a class which now requires special encouragemncnt. The Lieutenant-Governor has recommended for tho sanction of the Government of India tho appointment of two Muhammadan Assistant Inspectors on salaries of Rs. 200— Rs. 300 a month. The Commission recommended also that special scholarships should be awarded to Muhammadans, tenable in middle and high schools; but it is generally considered that it is in University education that encouragement is most urgently noeded by that community.

·14 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR (ENERAL BUN MAKY. every class. 34. Transfer of Schools to Local Boards.-—The rules made by the Government of Bengal under Act III (B. C.) of 1885 were published in the Calcutta Gazette of the 17th February 1886. They provide that the Lieutenant- Governor shall every year make over to the District Board the allotment for primary education in the district, the grant-in-aid allotment for certain schools, and the Government contributions for other schools placed directly under the management of the Board. The provisions of the Act have now been introduced into 16 districts of Bengal. The Boards will hereafter take a most important part in the regulation and encouragement of school education of 35. Financial.-It is stated in the Resolution that the most important question in connection with the spread of education in India is that of the provision of funds. It has been estimated that in order to give effect to the recommendations of the Commission on the subjects of primary and aided education, an additional yearly expenditure of 14 lakhs of rupees would be finally required, of which only 11 lakhs would be paid by municipalities, leaving. 127 lakhs to be provided from provincial funds. Owing to the existence of great financial pressure, it has been found impossible, at any time since the publication of the Commission's report, to carry out action on these extended lines. The budget provision made in recent years for expenditure on education has been as follows:- Rs. 29,60,000 1883-84 31,97,000 1884-85 33,93,000 1885-86 33,07,000 The reduction in tho amount of the grant was solely due to want of means to assign more. His lonour the Lieutenant-Governor has stated that “if he has been able to carry out only very imperfectly recommendations of which he entirely approved, and which were authoritatively commended to him, this has boen entirely due to tho pressure on provincial finances.” 1882-83 ... ... ... UU . ... .. ... II.-CONTROLLING AGENCIES. CONTROLIJNE ACIENCIAN. 36. Mr. C. H. Tawney officiated as Director of Iublic Instruction throughout the year, and was relieved on my return from furlough on the 8th July 1886. The following changes took place in the staff of higher inspecting officors during the year : -Dr.C. A. Martin, Inspector of the Eastern Circle, was grautod furlough to Europe for 15 months from 10th August 1885, and Mr. S. C. Hill, Professor of the Dacca Colloge, was appointed to uct for him. Babu Chandra Mohan Mazumdar, M.A., B.L., Ilead-muster of the Chittagong College, succeeded Babu Jagat Chandra Banerjea as Officiating Assistant Inspector of the Presidency Circle. Babu Beni Madhab De, M.A., Headmaster of the Howrah Zillal School, was appointed Assistant Iụspector of the Burdwan Division, aud Babu Syama Charan Ganguli, B.A., Head-master of the Utturpara School, acted for him during his two months' absence on privilege leave. Assistant Inspectors were also sanctioned for tho Dacca and Rajshahye Divisions, Babu Dina Nath Sen being transferred from Chittagong to the new appointment at Dacca, Babu Kailas Chandra Sen, Deputy Inspector of Dacca, being appointed Assistant Inspector of Chittagong, and Babu Sarat Chandra Das, Deputy_Inspector of Pubna, being appointed Assistant Inspector of Rajshahye. During the absence on leave, first of Mr. Tiery and secondly of Babu Mathura Nath Chatterjea, Babu Sarada Prasad Ganguli, Head-master of tảe Gya Zillah School, acted as Assistant Inspector of Patna and of Bhagulpore in succession. 37. The functions of an Inspector of Schools are extensive and varied. In addition to the dutics of inspection and examination, which alone are implied in the office as it is understood in England, a Circle Inspector in Bengal has administrative duties of a large und responsiblo kind, involving, on ono hand, the control of subordinate officers of established position as teachors or inspectors, ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 15 CONTROLLINU AGENCIRE. and on the other the conduct of affairs, requiring business capacity and a conciliatory spirit, with independent persons or bodies. For the continued efficiency of our educational organisation, it is necessary to exercise the most vigilant caro in the selection of officers who are entrusted with duties so important. Mr. Nash did admirable work throughout the year in the difficult office of Inspector of European Schools. Babu Radhika Prasanna Mookerjea amply justified his appointment as Officiating Inspector of the Presidency Circle and his promotion to the superior grades of the Department, by the administrative ability and tact which he has brought to bear on many difficult matters. Mr. Pope continues to infuse a new spirit of enthusiasm and vigour into the education of Behar. Mr. Bellett's judgment and experience render him a valuable and cfficient, as he is always a willing, adviser in matters of educational organisation and progress. Among junior officers Mr. Hill, who has acted for more than a year as Inspector of the Eastern Circlo, has displayod commendablo zeul and much promise in discharging the duties of that office. 38. The following table shows the amount of inspection work done by the Inspectors of Schools, including the Joint and Assistant Inspectors :- Statement of work done by the Inspectors of Schools and their Assistants during the year 1885-86. NAME OP OrrICER. Days on Inspection Nchinola Vilod. 117 ... 136* 30 30 .. lll 278 130 129 112 131 50 47 . . ... 37 205 72 133 33 168 105 269 Babu Radhika Prasanna Mookerjca, Officiating Inspector of Schools, Presidency ('ircle Babu Jagat Chandra Banerjea, Acting Assistant Inspector of Schools, Presideney Division, for two months Babu Chandra Mohan Mazumdar, Acting Assistant Inspector of Schools, Presidency Division, for ten inonths (a) Babu Bireswor Chakravati, Assistant luspector of Schools, Chota Nagpore Division (6) Babu Bruhna Mohan Mallick, Inspector of Schools, Western Circle Babu Beni Madhab De, Assistant Inspector of Schools, Burd. wan Division (c) Babu Syama Churan Ganguli, Acting Assistant Inspector of Schools, Burdwan Division Babu Radha Nath Ray, Joint Inspector of Schools, Orissa Division Dr. C. A. Martin, Inspector of Schools, Eastern Circle (4 inonths) Mr. S. C. Hill, Acting Inspector of Schools, Eastern Circle (8 mouths) Babu Dina Nath Sau, Assistant Inspector of Schools, Daccu Division (10 months) (d) Baba kinilas Chandra Sen, Assistant Inspector of Schools, Chittagong Division, from 2011 June 1885 (C! Mr. G. Bellett, inspector of Schools, Rajshahiye Circle Babu Sarat Chandru Das, Assistant Inspector of Schvols, Rajsbahye Division, from 6th June 1885 (f) Babu Uma Prasad De, Acting Assistant Inspector of Schools, Rajshahye Division Mr. John van Someren Popo, Inspector of Schools, Behar Circle Mr. E. R. Tiery, Assistant Inspector of Schools, l'utna Division (g) Babu Sarada Prasad Ganguli, Aeting Assistant Inspector of Schools, Patna Division Babu Mathura Nath Chatterjea, Assistant Inspector of Schools, Bhagulpore Division (h) Mr. A. M. Nash, Inspector of European Schools (1) II. A. Bamford, Assistant Inspector of European Schools ... 84 127 126 140 191 119 180 214 80 137 89 49 130 84 . 81 54 ... .. ... 160 93 131 180 83 105 • Beside 34 pnthsalas in six gatherings in Chota Nagpur. (a) Three works on special duty. (b) On privilexu leave for two months, vix., July and Aurusi 1895. Ditio dulto Iron Nouembor 1885. in) Op privileko leave for one month ilud twenty-muxht days in Docembur 1886 and January 1996, (e) Ditto for a inonth and hat from 23rd July 1645. Ditto from 27th September to 2140 December 1883. Dilto for the months from 18th Inxembur 1883. Ditto ditto from 17th Murih 1880. lo) On deputation to the Conference of laspoclors of European Sohools during April and May 1895, and on privilege mave three months from 3rd toruary 1886. for The work of the Inspector of European Schools is of a special character, and his time is largely occupied with the schools of Calcutta. The Inspector of the Presidency Circle is, from various causes, much more confined to head-quarters than any other Inspector. The foregoing statement shows that the outturn of work is, on the whole, satisfactory. lu the case of Babu Beni Madhab De it falls considerably short of the average. This oflicer was retained for some time at head-quarters under the orders of the Inspector; he afterwards suffered from indifferent health, which finally compelled him to take leave.

·16 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR CONTROLLING 39. The following table shows the quantity of work done by Deputy Inspectors : AOENCIRA. Statement of Work done by Deputy Inspectors of Schools during the year 1885-86. DISTRICTS. Duys on tutar. Numbor of schools visited. Visits to secondrıry schouls. Secondary schools under in Apoction. RKMARKS. 149 10A Burdwan sion Burdwan Bankura Divi. Berrbhoom Midnaporo Hooghly (Ilowrah 178 171 159 187 100 180 912 309 2:29 180 248 175 118 78 81 81 109 47 There is an Additional Deputy Inspector for Aerondary Hchools in Burdwan, whr 48 work is not shown in this statement. . ... ... 121 62 ... ... Average for the division 182 242 98 77 Calcutta 180 235 17 20 ... ... .. 147 110 179 179 167 1863 (2. pergunnahs Pravidenay Divi- Joboru Khulna (Voorshedabad Average for the division 287 274 189 956 162 78 76 69 58 Mion ... 189 128 185 307 128 85 AR 27 150 2017 213 116) 145 113 Finjshabye Divi. 290 310 170 178 187 1. Dinaghfure Rajalinhye Konkport Pubna Bagra Darjeeling Julpigorin Avorugs for the division Sion 7 83 .. ..... ...... III. Tho Doputy Inspector wus on spociul duty. 107 225 50 ... 157 20 79 38:5 27 Darca Division Dacca Furreedpore Mymensingh Backorgung 119 249 102 162 113 107 83 138 168 80 88 79 167 320 Avuruge for the division 156 292 108 106 Chittagong Divis Chittagong Nowkholly 9100 Tippurah Averago for the division 147 197 227 286 287 70 79 92 28 72 1.46 259 88 23* ... 811 160 73 73 115 Patna Gya Shahubad 3 Harun Chumparun Mozuffirpore Durblunka Patna Division 216 151 151 188 220 1033 180) 30 • 16* .. ... 67 72 • Exomin high English: malooly not under the 11- sprction of Deputy Inspee'. tors. 209 491 225 177 ... 79* 21* ... 30) A voruku for the division 183 230) 21 SS .. 17* ... 1.16 216 230 18 177 292 303 2 201 199 ... SION Monghyr Blungulport Divi. Bharuluore Purnouh(a) Mulluh i Bouthal Pergunnalin A vorugo for the division 31 80 Dittu dittu. 17* *** 192 253 10 169 230 Cuttack Pooroc Balasuro (risan Division 35 18 97 30 18 2:30 100 .. Average for thu division 230 01 20 18 10 Hazaribagh (hoto Nagporu Lohardukkn DIVINION Manbhoon slugbhoom 191 164 178 201 834 2016 814 450 76 51 30 19 7 Avruge for the division 1799 341 37 19 (a) Thrue' otticurs were on duty id success101). 40. The prescribod duration of a Deputy Inspector's tour is 150 days in the year. This limit appears to have been attained by all tho officers except nine, il having failed in the preceding year. The Bhagulporo Division gives the highest avorage of 192 days, the Presidency Division shows 185, Patna 183, Chota Nagpore 179, Orissa 164, Burdwan 162, Rajshahye 157, Dacca 155, and Chittagong 146. Nino of the officers were on tour for more than 200 days, and one of them, the Deputy Inspector of Furreodpore, travelled for 248 days. Babu Phani Bhusan Basu, M.A., heads the list in the Presidency Division with 213 days; and Bubu Bhuban Mohan Neogi was again the most active officer in the Burdwan Division, though his rocord (178 duys) occupies no very high place in comparison with that of tho best Deputy Inspectors elsewhere. The ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 17 CONTROLLING AGENCIES, a Inspector of the Rajshahye Circle points out that, although the Deputy Inspector of Rungpore was on tour for 213 days and travelled 2,729 miles, he visited only 179 schools in a district that contains more than 800. The Deputy. Inspector of Rajshahye, Babu Kalinath Chaudhuri, shows a much better record of work with 207 days on tour, and 316 schools visited in a journey of 2,573 miles. It would be an advantage, says Mr. Bellett, if Deputy Inspectors could generally ride, so as to save much time now taken up in travelling by bullock-cart. În the Eastern Circle, Babu Bidya Dhar Das, the Deputy Inspector of Furreedpore, was on tour for 248 days, and in this respect heads the list of Deputy Inspectors. In the Patna Division Bubu Sajiwan Lal, Doputy Inspector of Chumparun, was on tour for 229 days, and inspected tho largest number of schools. Munshi Abdul Rolim, Deputy Inspector of Putna, has maintained the character which he reguined last year, by spending 215 days on tour. In the Bhagulpore Division Babu Bhagwan Prasad showed the greatest activity, having been on tour for 209 duys and having visited 293 schools in situ. I have noted above that nine officers appcar to have fallen short of the limit of 150 days. I am glad to be ablo to add that there is in nearly every instance a reasonablo cxcuse for this. In the Rajshahye Division, the Deputy Inspector of Pubna (116 days), Julpigori (107), and Bogra (145) were on duty for only 7, 9, und 10 months respectively." The supie remark applies to the three Deputy Inspectors of the Chittagong Division, who were: on tour for 145 to 147 days in each caso, though cach was absent from duty for two or threo months in the year. In Monghyr (116 days) there was change of Deputy Inspectors. In Mymensingh (102 days) the Deputy Inspector was on duty for 9 months, and the Inspector roports that he was unduly burdened with offico-work. Lacca stands alone as the district in which all the secondary schools were not inspected once at least in the course of the year. The Deputy Inspector was on tour for only 119 days, and I can hardly regard the fact that for two months in the ycar he was officiaring as Assistant Iuspector in addition to his own duties, as affording i sulficient il suflicient explanation of his want of activity. 41. Turning to the number of schools visited by cach Deputy Inspector, Babu Ram Taran Samanta of Singbhoom and Babu Phani Bliusan Basu of Moorshedabad head the list with 450 and 419 visits respectively. The Deputy Inspectors of Chuinparun and Furreedporo come next in order with 421 visits each. The Deputy Inspector of Shahabad paid only 115 visits to schools during the year, and the outturn for Gya, Durbhungil, Mymensingh, Ilowrah, Midnapore, Hungpore, and Pubna is also poor, ranging from 156 to 180 schools inspected. The Deputy Suspector of Jessore (189 schools) is said to have paid unduc attention to one sub-division of his district; he has been direrted to arrange his tours more judiciously in future. The Deputy Inspectors have as a body paid a good many visits to primary as well us to secondary schools. Babu Ilari Llar Das of Khulna paid 158 visits to secondary schools, the largest figure reached by any Deputy Inspector; Babu Bhuban Mohan Neogi of Burdwan and Babu Mati Lal Maitra of the 21-Pergunnalis follow close behind. The Deputy Inspectors of Moorshedabad, Backergunge, Hooghly, and Nuddea, also deserve mention. 4.2. During the your under review, Circle Inspectors and their Assistants were required under orders of Government to inspect the offices of the Deputy Inspectors of Schools subordinate to them. The Officiating Inspector of the Presidency Circle inspected the oflices of the Deputy Inspectors of Moorshedabad and Khulna, and was satisfied with their mothod of keeping accounts and transacting business. The Officiating Inspector of the Eastern Circlo found that the offices in the Dacca and Chittagong Divisions needed much attention and reorganisatiou. The Deputy Inspector of Buckergunge is said to have despatchod no less than 1,000 letters in a single year. The Assistant Inspector of Chota Nagporo reports that he inspected as critically as he could all the Deputy, Inspectors' ollices in the Division. The records, as he found them, were in a confused state in every district, He is of opinion that the orders regarding the inspection of the offices have not been issued a day too soon. Measures are now being taken, in consultation with the Circle Inspectors, to introduce a definite system of books, records, and account keeping which shall be applicable to all districts.

·18 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR CONTROLLING AGENCIKA. 43. The following table shows the amount of work done by the Sub-Inspectors of each district taken together, and the average for each division:- Statement of work done by Sub-Inspectors of Schools during the year 1885-86. DISTRICTA. Number of Sub- Inspectors. Days on Number of schools visitod. Schools under inspection, REMAR5B. totul. Dururcan Division. 1,90 ... . Burdwan Bankpora Baerllow Midnapore Hrxhly Howrah B 3 3 10 I. 2,791 2,087 1,375 4,: 77 1,435 710 620 2,16; 8910 463 1,491 1,873 738 4,850 1,47 8:8 ... * Iucluding education clerk. E ... 89 .. Average for the division-29 otticers 208 401 351 Presidency Division. At 3.780 2,519 ... + Including one buls-inspector. municipal .. 24- Perkunnahs Voddert Jo gore Khunn Moorhedulinel 1,3506 1,12 1,426 717 1.000 1,01650 701 + 1,(116 1,80 2,218 C Average for the livision-21) olfierry 433 192 Rajshahye DIW810n. . 1,504 015 1,123 1,836 1,057 1,395 1.001 * Including education clerk, ... .US Dinakepoires kajuhuliya Runkon Pubiin Borra Darjeeling Julpigorce Average for the division-26 officers ... 629 757 803 732 305 30 235 **** . ... ... 972 115 6,38 ... ... 212 889 297 277 Dacca Division. 6 Daria Furrued pore Mymensingh Backurgunke 1,064 70; 927 1,207 2,549 1,123 1.619 1.041 2,830) 3, 401 2,408 ... ... A voruge for the livision -20 offlecra 2:31 381 611 .... Chittagong Tir 1810n. ... od (hittagong Vonkholly Tipperali Chittagong Hill Tracts Average for the division-10 ofücern 43 027 78.1 los 507 072 1,521 63 932 1,330 3,032 19 $ Including cinininer or kyounes in the Chuctagong district. 103 311 532 I. Patna Division. 1,290 l'utila Ciya Shalind Saudi Whumorin Moxuftorpxire Durlunga من طرده من 601 (89263 A30 XOS 301 €3.4 50% 1.568 1,149 1,579 1,8:7 BRO 1.050) 936 877 700) 053 651 M15 ifrage for the divisioU-21 officers 18+ 371 261 I.. khagulpore D101810n. 3 1,217 1,828 1,13:3 Moukhyr ibhagulzore Purine al Maidah Sontbal l'ergrunabu A vernge for this division 20 oficere 1,307 1,106) 1,013 415 721 !! lucluding education clerk 103 1.209 1,9118 197 1338 238 Orissa Decision. Tuttack 1,1% ויויאן 2,149 1,03-1 A30 1,000 13:11 uro Oriss Tobulary Mehals Average for the livinioni-14 otticerk 4.048 1,75 + 1,973 1,216 5:21 1,230 211 Scio Chota Nagpore Division. 87 Including education clerb. 11.07aribagh Loliruugua Maulanan Single Mom 561 767 658 442 1,020 1,496 987 1,143 803 609 48- 203 Avern for the division 12 fliers 197 378 136 14. There has been some decline in the number of days spent on inspection work by the Sub-Inspectors. by the Sub-Inspectors. The Burdwan Division shows 208 days against 211, tho Dacca Division 231 against 243, Chittagong 195 against 220, Patna 184 against 203, Orissa 241 against 247, and Chota Nagpore 197 against ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 19 CONTROLLING ACIENCIT.. 210 days; on the other hand, the Presidency Division shows 227 against 221 days, Rajshahye 207 against 203, and Bhagulpore 197 against 195. In the Chittagong Division some of the Sub-Inspectors were unnecessarily detained at head-quarters, but others also failed to attain the prescribed minimum of 200 days, which was in fact reached by only five out of ten of the officers in this division. No less than 17 out of 24 Sub-Inspectors in the l'atna Division failed to reach the required limit, the consequence being a large reduction in the average. Five Sub-Inspectors out of 19 in the Bhagulporc Division showed very little activity, the result being a low average for the whole division. În Chota Nagpore the Sub-Inspectors on the regular establishinent wcro out on tour for 232 days on an average, but this satisfactory result hus been seriously affected by tho inclusion in the list of three education clerks who are also ranked as Sub-Inspectors, but who cannot be expected to travel continuously. 45. The highest record is made by Babu Baikanthanath Son of Dacca, who was on tour for 340 days, Babu Raj Kumar Das (Dacca) for 338 days, and Babu Hrisikesh Rautra (Orissa Tributary Mohals) for 334 days. The following Sub Inspectors also deserve very favourable mention, having been on tour for periods varying from 270 to 300 days: Babus Krishna Chandra Banerjea (21-Pergunnahs), Asutosh Banerjea (Manbhoon), Giridhari Lal (Bhagulpore), Gopiuath Misra (Pooree), Bhairab Saliai (Bhagulpore), Krishna Gopal Chatterjea Dinagepore), Arun Chandra Ganguli (Moorshedabad), Nobin Chandra Kar (Khoolna), Utsab Chandra Maitra and Rajani Kanta Bhattacharjca (Dinagepore), and Ramanath Gloose (Burdwan). These examples suffice to show how reasonable is the requirement that Sub-Inspectors shall spend at least 200 days on tour. There soems to be no reason for the very indifferent record of work shown by the Sub-inspectors in the Patna Division, where travelling presents no special difficulties, and where nevertheless only 7 out of 24 officers have come up to the required standard. Amongst them Munsbi Kirat Chand of Sarun is the best, with 240 days on tour and 505 schools visited in situ. It is necessary for the local authorities to try and infuso a spirit of greater activity into these officers. 46. The number of visits to schools in silu is highest in the Burdwan Division, where an average of 461 visits for each Sub-Inspector has been rocorded. The Presidency Division comes next with 433 visiis. T'ho figures for the other Divisions are as follow :-Dacca 381, Chota Nagporu 378, Patna 371, Orissa 360, Bhagulporu 338, Chittagong 311, and Rajshahye 277. Those figures do not of course represent the relative activity of the inspecting officers, since regard must also be had to the sparseness of schools and the dilliculty of travelling in cortain parts of Bengal. In the Presidency Division Babu Arun Chardra Ganguli of Kandi paid 786 visits to schools in 283 days. In the Burdwan Division tle Sub-Inspector of Bishenporo paid 731 visits to schools, and next to him was the Sub-Inspector of Tumlook with 710 visits. The Inspector of the Rajshahye Circle is not satisfied with the work of many of the Sub- Inspectors under him. In the Dacca Division, Babu Srinath Ġuha of Dacca visited 519 schools, but the number of visits in silu still continues to be poor in Mymensingh, where only one oflicer reached the respectable figure of 418 schools. The largest number attained in tho Chittagong Division was 462, but the general average was low. In the Patna Division, the Sub-Inspectors of Gopalgungo, Behar and Barlı paid the largest number of visits to schools, namely, 595, 532 and 518 respectively. Pundit Siva Sankar Lal and Babu Kalika Nand Mookerjca of Singbloom visited 602 and 541 schools, in 228 and 254 days respectively. Babu Jadu Nath Ray of Balasure, who visited 518 schools in 207 days, was the most active Suli-Inspector in.Orissa. 47. The higher iuspocting staff of the Department was strengthened during the year by the appointment of Assistant Inspectors for the Burdwan, Dacca, and Rajshahye Divisions. Every Division therefore has now a Joint or an Assistant Inspector of its own, acting in communication with and under the supervision of the Circle Inspector, who (oxcept in Rajshahye) has ciurgo of two divisions. The Government of Bengal, indocd, contemplated such a result when first sanctioning the scheme in 1878, in view of tho increased demands made on the attention of Circle Inspectors by the growth of primary as well as socondary schools of all grades. Another weasure of c 2 ·20 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR CONTROLLING AORES. pressing necessity was also carried out during the year, namely, the increase of the salaries of third grade Sub-Inspectors from Rs. 30 to Rs. 50 a month. The betteriug of the position of these officers was rocommended by the Education Commission, as well as by the conference of Inspectors held two years ago. A few more Sub-Inspectors were also appointed, though the number is still far below the admitted requirements of the Department. The transfer of the control of primary education to District Boards will, it is believed, bring out very clearly the need of a further increase in the inspecting agency. 48. The work done by the chief gurus and inspecting pundits is shown below: DIVISION. Number of inon employed. Number of Visits to schools. .. . ... .. ... ... I. .. Presidency Calcutta Burdwan Rajshalye Dacca Chittagong l'utila Blagulporc Chota Nagpore Orissa 197 12,675 2 1,416 196 51,808 (Not givon.) 301 90.2 12 40 25,499 425 93,378 333 59,016 6 663 97 53,088 1. ... ... 49. The necessity of employing an auxiliary inspecting agency subordinato to tho Sub-Inspectors has been felt in almost every district which has a large number of lower primary schools, and the result is the adoption of the system of chicf gurus or of inspecting pundi's, or some combination of the two. The chief guru system, which is the less expensive, has been tried over a large area, and during tho year under review was in more or less complete operation in every division. No complaint regarding its working has been received from the Presidency or Burdwan Divisions. In the Dacca Division some of the gurus are said to neglect their own putshalas in order to earn the inspection allowance granted for visiting schools, and their inspection is also reported to be superficiul. It is accordingly proposed to separate tuitional froin inspectional work, i.e., to extend the system of inspecting pundits. An e-xumivation of the preceding table lends much colour to these complaints. The average number of visits paid by chief gurus to the patshalas under theni amounts to 300 in u year; and this is even exceeded in Chittagong and in Orissa, where the average is 554 and 547 respectively. It is quite clear that 1.he chief guru's own school must suffer when the principle of periodical inspection for purposes of help and guidance is carried to such an excessivo length. A special report will in future be called for as to the success of these presumably nieglected schools in the examinations of their class. The record of 708 visits paid by each of tho two inspecting pundits of Calcutta is easily intelligible, and only siguilios creditable activity. In other parts of Bengal the number of visit: paid by a chief guru or an inspecting pundit varies from 64 in the Presidency to 264 in the Buri wan Division. Within such limits as these tho chief guru system would seem to have far better prospects of success; and it was on such a view of its working that the system of chief gurus rather than of inspecting pundits was recommended in my Report for 1883 84, and in Mr. Tawncy's for 1884-85, and was approved by Government in the liesolution on those Reports. Up to the close of the past year the chief guru syslem was in force in all ihe districts of Behar; but it appcurs that on the recommendation of the Inspector of Schools, Behar Circle, it has now been replaced by that of inspeciing pundits in the l'utna, Mozufferporo, and Durbhanga districts, and in all the districts of the Bhagulpore Division except Maldah. Mr. Bolton, the Magistrate of Gya, does not set much value on the inspection work of á (hief guru, and looks upon inspecting pundits us a more promising body, but he finds olojections to the latter on financial grounds. IIe says “the inspecting pundits would cost three times as much as the chief gurus; and I find it impossible to meet the expenditure without reductions under heads to which it would, I think, be a mistake to allot smaller sums than have hitherto boon allowed." It has been decided that systems actually in force shall not be interfered with, and much discretion must be allowed to district officers in judging of the applicability of either system to local circumstances. Still the ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 21 CONTROLLING AGENCIKH. 17; fact remains that, while each inspocting pundit in Behar now costs Rs. 20 a month, the average monthly inspection allowance of a chief guru cannot much exceed Rs. 3 a month. Notwithstanding Mr. Pope's disparaging estimate of the work done by chief gurus, it is very doubtful whether that of inspecting pundits is six times as effective. It is another question whether it would conduce to efficient work to replace both inspecting pundits and chief gurus by the more thorough, more costly, and therefore far more limited agency of Sub-Inspectors. The charges on account of chicf gurus and inspecting pundits throughout Bengal amounted to Rs. 55,131-a sum which would provide for 61 additional Sub-Inspectors at Rs. 50 as salary and Rs. 25 as travelling allowanco. At any rate, one Sub-Inspector costs less than four inspecting pundits, and it is very probable that the increased ernployment of Sub-Inspectors would in many instances nieet the local requirements much better. 50. The District Committees of Public Instruction will shortly be replaced in 16 districts by District Boards under the Local Self-Government Act with enlarged powers. In the Presidency Division the five committees met altogether eight times during the year, the largest number of meetings (three) being held in Moorshedabad and Khulna, while the Nuddea Committee did not meet at all. The six committees of the Burdwan Division met altogether 13 times, the Miduapore Conimittee having met six times, while there was no meeting at Burdwan or Hooghly. Of the seven committees in the Rajshahiye Division, that of Bogra showed the groatest activity, having met seven tinies, while there was no meeting of the Rajshahye Committee. In tho Dacca Divisiou the committoes mot six times, but the Dacca Committee held no meeting. In the Patna Division the committees met 19 times; in Bhagulpore 13; in Chota Nagpore and in Orissa 10 times. The questions discussed at these meetings had reference to the zillah school, the award of primary scholarships, and the allotment of primary school grants. Some of the committees had also to consider the enlargement of the zillal school building. 51. In accordance with the recommendation of the Education Commission, the Officiating Inspector of the Presidency Circle held a conferenco of representative middle school teachers from the districts of the Presidency Division. The teachers present helped in selecting text-books for the middle scholarship examinations, as well as for the standurid of each class in a middle school. They also discussed various other matters in comection with middle school instruction. The Joint-Inspector of Orissa reports :- - Through the excrtions of the Deputy Inspector of Cuttack a conference of Sub Inspectors, inspecting pundits, and middle school teachers was held at the head-quarters of the district in the year just closed. Another conference has been since held. The subjects taken up for discussion vere (1) defects of verniicular instruction in middle schools; (2) boarding houses; (3) physical educativn; () questions set at the departmental examinations; (5) text-books; (6) the teaching of English in middle schools ; (7) inspection of primary schools. It was my good fortune to be present ou both occasions ; and froin what I have seen, I have reason to believe that much gooil will result from such couferences, if we can only encourage those who attend to speak out their minds; and that they constitute one of the most effective means of promoting the growth of an iutelligent public opinion amongst teachers and inspecting pundits in the mofussil. The members had the fullest liberty of discussion, many of them spoke freely and at great length on the topics presented for their consideration, and took a lively interest in the proceedings of the meetings.". There is a good deal of jealousy and (I fear) some intrigue connected with the selection of text-books for the public examinations, since a selected book at once becomes a valuable property The orders of Government in connexion with the l'entral Text-Book Committco rightly insist on giving the greatest possible freedom to school-managers in choosing from the authorised list the books to be used in their schools. In some subjects, however, it is necessary to declare specified toxt-books for the examination, and in choosing tliese the Inspector has to exerciso the greatest vigilance and caution. Conferences of independent school-managers and teachers are of the greatest uso in bringing outside opinion to bear upon the choice.

·22 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR III._UNIVERSITY EDUCATION. UNIVERSITY EDUCATTOX. 52. The number of colleges for general oducation submitting returns to the Department rose from 25 to 26, and the number of students attending them from 2,779 to 2,998. The increase of one collogo is due to the opening of first and second-year classes in connection with St. Paul's School, Darjeeling. The Government colleges numbered thirteen as in the previous year, eight eight of them teaching the full course for the B. A. degree, and five confining their attention to the F. A. standard. The aided colleges havo increased from five to six, owing to the inclusion of St. Paul's School. They are all full colleges except the last-named institution. Of the seven unaided colleges, only two, namely, the Metropolitan Institution and the City College, are first-grade colleges, no third and fourth-year classes having been opened in the Ripon College, though it has been affiliated up to the B. A. standard, Tho new unaided institution knowu as University Colloge, Calcutta, which was affiliated up to the standard of tho First Examination in Arts in 1885, and Bishop's College, also in Calcutta, which besides imparting instruction in theology occasionally prepares pupils for the Univorsity examinations in Arts, have not furnished the usual returns; but it has been ascertained that the former had 10 students, all in the first-year class, and that its fee-rate is Rs. 3 a month. 53. The following table gives the usual statistics of attendanco in colleges : Statement of Attendance in Colleges for General Education. NI'MBER ON TIE ROLIS AT THE END OF TIIE YEAR. COLLEGES-GENERAL. Monthly fee. 1882. 1883. 188.1. 1855. 1886. GUVERNMENT RX, 376 .. 12 6 0 893 1.50) 2833 DI 194 2:1) ... 319 1.9) 2165 201 11 1) 180 1 135 131 . . 201 + 3 100 38 0 6 1x8 99 7+ First-prale Colleges. t'rovidency College lloughly TDCi Krislinagar Pu. Ravenshaw (Culinck) kujsbalıye Buthune School (College clanne's) Second-oraur Colleges. Ritikrit College Calcutta Madrnunu (Collego classey) Berhamshire College Midou xires Chittagong 178 32 SI 6 176 20 7 ... .. 5 I. b 2 67 .. 603• 3-4 30 31 17 89 18 16 27 19 J5 91 23 02 9 ) 860 Total 1.305 1,208 1,211 019 AIDEI . 304 486 221 72 General Assoully's Colles, Caluutta Fron Church St. X11 Vier's London M1810n (Bhow:... pore) Nuvotun Inlouuti St. l'aul's Solool, Durjoiling Collego clarses) Total 402 288 113 01 88 185 972 170 690 47 274 289 18% 70 403 65 10 . 3 OU... 893 .. ... 951 713 877 875 UNAIDEN .. 3 3 341 10: 7 304 185 566 174 4 + 400 109 3 30 Froo. Metropolitian institut:on (ity College La Murtiniere, Calrutlu Allent (tollere RII Alphuruji's College, Burdwan Juxunuath Colleis, Daccu 800 175 28 375 66 101 97 ... 3 .... Frun. 88 07 48 1+2 112 .. 3 .. ...... Total 635 098 002 010 1,174 GRAND TOTAL 2,746 2,887 2,828 2,779 2.908 . ... A * Inclusive of students studying for the Sanskrit titly oxamination. 54. It was pointed out in the last report that owing to the alteration made in the dates of the University examinations, there was an apparent decrease in the number of students attending colleges in March 1885. The same causes were in operation during the year under review, so as to exclude from our returns a large nunber of second and fourth-year students who, having been ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 23 NIVERSITY EDICATION. admitted in January 1884, had completed the full period of attondance by the 31st December 1885, and were therefore not compelled to attend and pay fees for the months intervening before the examinations in April. Nevertheless, the increased admissions that took place during the year more than compensated for tho temporary loss. There were on the 31st March 1886 moro students on the rolls of our colleges than ever before. Another noteworthy fact is that, while the Government and aided colleges are nearly stationary, the unaided colleges show an increase of 218 students. Of the Government colleges, those at Hooghly, Krishnugar, Rerhampore, Patna, Cuttack, Chittagong, and the Calcutta Madrassa have gained in numbors, the increase being largest in the case of Patna with 30 additional students, Krishnagar with 12, and Ravenshaw (Cuttack) with 9. On the other hand the Presidency, Dacca, and Rajshahye Colleges have lost 24, 18, and 13 students respectively; while the Bethuno school, the Sanskrit College of Calcutta, and the Midnapore Collogo have lost from 1 to 4 students cach. The explanation of the decreased attendance in the Government colleges in Calcutta and Dacca lies in the fact that colleges under private management are working with success in both places. The Motropolitan Institution with 556 pupils is now the largest college in Bengal; the General Assembly's Institution stands next with 304 pupils; the Free Church Institution has 273; St. Xavier's College has 206; and five other colleges in Calcutta also prepare students for the University. Among these may be noticed the Ripon College, which has gained 67 students in the past year, a larger increase than even the Metropolitan Institution can boast. Similarly, the Jagannath College at Dacca has sprung from 48 to 112 students, an increase of 64 students which more than inakos up for the loss of 18 in the Government college. As the fee-rate in the private colleges of Calcutta and Dacca is only Rs. 3 a month, against Rs. 6 to Rs. 12 in the Government colleges, many students fir.d their advantage in joining the less cxpensive institutions. The City College is the only unaided institution which shows any decrease in the number of its pupils. Among aided institutions it is to be noted that the college classes of the Doveton are rapidly losing ground, the number attending them having fallen from 46 to 25. 55. The following table shows the distribution of college students on the 31st March 1886 in fuller detail:- COLLEG18-CENKRAL. First-yeur. Seond-year. Third-year. Fourth-year. M.A. Total GiovkRNMENT 3:3 33 55 18 27to IRO 113 131 20 3 17 Presidency College Ilooghly Ducca Krishnagar Putra Ravenshaw (Cuttack) Rajshahya Kothune School" (College Department) 30) 7:) 8 $ 20) S 8 18 32 . 3 ..... 7 3 For 11. A. Sil119. title 25 11 13 .... Hunnkrit College (aloutta Madmsen (College Department) Berhamporo Collogo Midnapore Chittagong Total 7 12 16 11 35 21 ; 75 363 136 11 919 AIKD 67 44 ..... . 123 103 301 278 LA ... RO 195 70 30 17 81 14 1 ... General Assembly's Colloko Free Church St. Xavier's London Minnion (Bhowuniforo) Doveton Rt. Paul's School, Darjeeling i Collegi Departmont). Total 25 3 1 190 100 2273 19 175 UNAIDBD- 80 ROU 130 40 2 199 57 111 57 ... 6,56 171 4 37 11 132 112 ..... Metropolitan Institution City College La Martiniere Albert Collogu Ripon Mahuraja's College, Burdwan Jagannath College, Trace Total . 63 71 01 00 71 61 ... 309 501 10X 198 6 1,17 GRAND TOTAL 1,054 ... 336 016 83 2,998 ·24 REPORT OF TIIE DIRECTOR UNIVERSITY EDTATION. 56. A moment's consideration will show that the figures in the foregoing statement are capable of explanation, and are not the result of more chance. Of the 1,070 young mon who passed the Entrance examination in April 1885, 904, or about 85 per cent., took their admission into general colleges, and appear as first-year students. Of 1,088 first year students in March 1885, 1,054 are now returned as in the second year of their college course, the rest having left in January on completing tho full two years' course of lectures required by the University regulations. Again, of 316 successful candidutes at the First Arts examination in April 1885, 336 are now couuted as third-year students, and of 703 third-year pupils in March 1885, 615 only appear as fourth-yoar students, the rest having ceased to attend lectures after December 1885. It appears, therefore, that more than 100 students disappeared for the time from the returns of the yoar, although they had to present themselves for examination in April 1886. 57. The expenditure in Government and aided colleges is shown in the following statement :- Statement of Expenditure in Colleges for General Education. EXPENDITURE IN 1885.80. COST PER ANNUM POR KACA STUDENT. COLLBGB-ONNEKAL. Yunber of pupils no the rolls on the 31st. March 1896. Avemee monthly moll number. Average daily attend. From Stato From fees, funda. Total From State From fees, funda. Total. &c. ance. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. A. P. Rs. A. P. Rs. A. P. Government .. 180 14% 1:31 211 111) Presidency College Hooghly Tutor Krishnagar Patria Kavrnalınw kujshuhye Bothino School 91,20 411,289 29,0337 4,084 > 2:30 240 10) 63 ! ] $M) 38 0 610 15 333 2.3% 7 316 30,983 8.316 13,319 4.177 13,097 2.1) 1 14,1093 47 174 1,2,1899 18,575 1,3805 18.01 48.000 10.6336 27.07 3,323 21+ 348 277 10 101 0 2:15 II D 361 17 020 0 VI.1.1 131 0 $1 67 74 o 7.12 141 9 10 70 149 44 ! 7 אן 3 1 (Cuttack) 13,7.10) 1,181 8,10000 147 11 11 20:5 13 3 3 tut 8+ 1,0.58 397 18 20) + 17 Samakrit College Cultitta Mum-bu korlappe (Polleke Midnaporo Chitluyong 7 15 25 21,466 10.803 11,403 4017 2,780) 2.516 17.321 13.07 4,13! 3,481 3 1,67.5 1,562 24: 27 3:33 13 12 416 15 1,013) 0ll 1110 15 18+ 1.8 3 57 12 1018 13 33 11 1 8 20 5 7 Total ... 019 1,000 066 2,90, 18:33 13,500 3,85,9:13 266 8 2 87 0 10 3.14 2 0 Aideu 30+ 2.3 5 N 230) 21 1.95 -17 6,(W) 1.2) 4.2010) 3,000 General Annenibly's College Free Church St. Xavier's London Mission (Bhowani: pore). Tiveton Colleke St. J'aui'n fhosil, Darjocliuk (Colluke Paken). 46,516 28,73301 294,2x) 11,287 52316 82,930) 3:), 480 11.-87 9 21 010 27 ] 20 11 0 44 12 103 3 96 11 144 3 73 8 18+ 4 123 12 164 14 118 Mi 2033 1 0 2.1 3 3.1.00 816 7,923 1,170 125 0 272 205 8 120 0 4 0 3:0) 3 392 0 3 Stil) Totni 876 848 710 21210 1.18,098 1, +9,314 28 8 11 139 4 3 107 13 GRANJ) TOTAL 1,931 1,838 1.61135 3.11,709 2.18,59% 6.28,307 102 6 3 110 S 5 272 98 * Found by disading the expenditure by the uverage munibly roll number, 58. In 1884-85 the total expenditure on Government and aided colleges was Rs. 5,49,577, but it fell to Rs. 5,28,307 in 1885-86. The Government colleges cost Rs. 3,85,993 against Rs. 4,13,5*9, while for aided colleges the cost was Rs. 1,42,314 against Rs. 1,35,988. The Presidency College reduced its expenditure by Rs. 21,644, the Hooghly College by Rs. 3,081, and the Patr: a College by Rs. 2,841. Again, the expendituro from State funds on Govorument colleges was Rs. 2,90,493 against Rs. 3,03,813 in the preceding year, the Presidency College showing the largest decrease under this head duc, as before explained, to the absence on deputatii n or leave of Mr. Tawney and Mr. Eliot. The aided colleges cost Government Rs. 24,216 against Rs. 22,900 in the previous year. The inclusion for the first time of the college classes of St. Paul's School and the increased grunt drawn by the ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 25 UNIVRISITY EDICATION. on Free Church College account for this incrcase. All the Government colleges except those at Dacca and Rajshahye, and (to a trifling extent) the Sanskrit College and the Calcutta Madrassa, cost less to Government during the yoar under report than in the preceding year. The increased cost at Dacca and Rajshahye arose from diminished fce-receipts owing to a reduction in the number of students in those colleges. 59. The total annual cost of each student, obtained by dividing the total expenditure by the average monthly roll number, has, as might have been expected from the foregoing remarks, declined from Rs. 366 to Rs. 354 in Governmeut colleges. The State contribution has decreased from Rs 209 to Rs. 267, and the contribution from private sources from Rs. 97 to Rs. 88. In aided colleges the total cost has declined from Rs. 177 to Rs. 168, the cost to the State being Rs. 29 instead of Rs. 30, and the contribution from private sources being Rs. 139 instead of Rs. 117. The increase of the cost to Government in the l’residency College froin Rs. 333 to Rs. 389, in spite of the reduced Government expenditure on the institution, is explained by the decreaso in the average roll number (from 251 to 235). The cost per hoad in the Sanskrit College is Rs. 397 against Rs. 403; that in the Hooghly College is Rs. 278 against Rs. 295. The Dacca Colloge shows an advance from Rs. 139 to Rs. 161, which is again accounted for by the dininished average number the rolls. At Krishnagar and Berhampore the cost to Government is Rs. 266 and Rs. 393 against Rs. 303 and Rs. 409 respectively. The Patna College show's a large reduction of cost from Rs. 215 to Rs. 184. In all these cases the increase of students accounts for the decrcaso of cost. The cost at the Cuttack College is Rs. 361 against Rs. 453; at Rajshahye it is Rs. 117 against, Rs. 107. The variations in the average roll number explain these fluctuations. The minor colleges call for no special notice. In regard to the aided colleges, it is to be noted that the Government cost has declined in the General Assembly's Institution from Rs. 20 to Rs. 21; in tlic Frco Church College it has risen from Rs. 25 to Rs 37; St. Xavier's College shows a decrease from Rs. 29 to Rs. 21; while the cost in the Doveton Colloge has risen from Rs. 57 to Rs. 12.), the Government grant having been slightly raised, while the average attendance has fallen to one-hall. The London Mission Society's College at Blowanipore shows little change in this rospect. 60. UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS. - As the University Examinations are now hell early in April or within a few days after the close of the official year, to postpone the consideration of their results till the preparation of the next annual report is to deprive them of that interest which they naturally possess. I tako advantage, therefore, of the present opportunity to compare the results of the examinations of 1885 with those of 1886, though the latter were not over before the end of the year under report. At the First Arts examination of April 1885, 346 candidates out of 740 were successful ; in other words, 46-7 per cent. passedtho examination. At the First Arts examination of 1886, 031 out of 1,210, or 52 1 per cent., were successful. The results of the examination of 1886 were therefore more satisfactory than those of the preceding year. Comparing in the same way the figures for the B. A. examination for the two years, we find that 212 oui of :341, or 72 per cent of the candidates from colleges, passed in the carlier examination; while 396 out of 712 candidates (exclusive of teachers), or 55 0 per cent., were successful in 1886. The results of the later examination were therefore much less satisfactory. The largo increase in the number of candidates in 1886 fully accounts for the higher percentage of failure, when the circumstances of that increase are taken into account. The First Arts examination of June 1884 wils the last under the old system, ind an exceptionally large number of candidates (187 in Bengal) was declared to have passed. Six months later, a supplementary exanıination was held for those who had failed, and the number of successful candidates was still further increased by 290 or 777 in all. These were examined for the B. A. degree in April 1886; and it is perhaps matter for congrutulation-considering that every candidate who had the shadow of a chance was allowed to pass in 1881-that is many as :) per cent. passed the B. A. examination two years later. 61. First ExAMINATION IN ARTS — The following table gives the detaile i result of the examinations held in April 18%) and April 1886. The number of ·26 REPORT OF TIE DIRECTOR UNIVERSITY candidates in 1886 was 1,252, of whom 636 passed, against 346 out of 740 in 1885:- EDUCATION. First Arts Examination. APRIL 1883. APRIL, 1886. Number passed in the Numbor phaed in the 1 COLLEGES. Can idates examined. First division. Second division. Third division. Candidates examined. First dirision, Second dirisiin. Third division. Total. Total, Governmont- 95 .. ... 13 10 13 47 31 6:3 12 13 15 1 . 10 1 2 1 3 2 78 95 59 8 50 12 19 20) N 4 A 3 8 2 7 Presidency College Hooghly Dacici Krimhnagar Paina Ravenshaw (Cuttack) Kajshahye Beihung School Annskrit College Culcutta MadreTA Berhamporu College Midnaporu Chittagong 16 14 18 7 14 2 10 17 6 24 1 11 8 855 13 3 3 19 ... ::: 8 ) 13 12 8 9 18 16 1 5 6 ) 4 Total 298 21 83 70) 17 97 Aided 18 21 80 2.7 1 ) 6 33 6 4 61 11 13 6 1:3 12 7 1:3 17 General Assembly's College Frex Church . Xavior's Landon M18bion (13Howanipore) DDuvetan St. Paul's School, Darjaelung Freo Church Normal School IL 0 86 17 1 13 3 1 ... Total 203 39 &1 17 73 189 Unarded Metropolitan College City La Martiniare 191 22 433 19 S 200 57 19 17 20 . ... וואן&1 13 1 31 1 1 71 Albirt Malarujn's Jaannnalla Bishop's (Bürl woun) (1 Putra) 37 13 17 2 1 3 Total 21 01 507 100) 139 Teachers 8 4. GRAND TOTAL 741 1683 316 1,272 39 247 380) per cent. 62. An examination of the foregoing statement shows that Government colleges passed 58:33 per cent. of their candidates in 1885, and 58.6 in 1880 ; aided colleges passed 40 per cent. in 1885 and 15 per cent. in 1886; while unaided colleges passed 393 per cent. in 1883, and 49 per cent. in 1880. Aguin, of the candidates from Government colleges, one in 14 in 1885, and more than one ir. 13 in 1886, passed in the first division; while of those from aided colleges one in 22.5 in 1885 ani nearly one in 18 in 1886, and of those from unaidod colleges one in 1fi in 188.1 and one in 50 in 1886 passed in that division. The Presidency College pussed by far the largest number of candidates in the first division in 1887, but the Ilooghly und Dicca Colloges cither tied or boat it in 1880. The Metropolitan Ins:itution passed, in 1836, 96 out of its 200 candidates, six of them in the first division.. The Free Church Jollege passed 49, the Patna College 10, the Ripon College 45, the Dacca College 41, the Burdwan Raj College 37, St. Xavier's College 36, and the Ilooghly Collogo 4 candidates. The second grade colleges at Midnaporo and Chittagong passed nine und eight candidates respectively. The Jagannath College at Dacca passed eight candidates in 1885 and 28 iu 1886. 03. One of the most satisfactory features in the present year's report is the increasing usefulness and success of colleges under private management, and especially of unaided colleger. In 188), Government colleges educated 946 students, sont 298 cundidates to the F.A examination, and passed 174. In the salue year colleges under private management educated 1,833 students, sent 434 candidates to the examination, and pissed 172. In 1886, the corresponding figures are:- for Government colleges, 949 students, 416 F.A. candidates, 21 passed; for privately-managed colleges, 2,019 students, 794 candi- ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 27 UNIVERSITY EDUCATION. dates, and 387 passod. The same will be seen to be true of the B.A. examination. Thus the private colleges are rapidly overtaking and passing the Government institutions as regards the quantity of useful work done by them, -a consideration of the utmost importance at the present time. 64. The following table shows the religion of the candidates :- First Arts Examination. 1985. NUMBER PANNED IN THE Total. Total. Hindus Mahomodans Christians.. Others Number of First candidati N. division. 660) 32 31 23 2 1 Second Third division. division. 143 139 6 6 6 1 8 2 1880. NUMBER PABNKD IN THE A Number of First Necond Third (Hindidates. division, division. division. 1,102 63 218 293 72 9 20 30/a) 8 7 48 2 12 314 12 9 11 561 31 17 21 23 10 Total 740 35 163 148 316 1.262 59 217 69 ... 247 036 3:30 (a) Of those, two were feniales. 65. Forty-nine senior scholarships were awarded upon the results of the First Arts examination for 1885. The two special scholarships for girls were not awarded, as thero were no eligible candidates. In 1886, 50 senior scholarships were awarded, of which one was a special scholarship for girls, won by a student of the Doveton Institution. The following table shows the distribution of the scholarships for the last two years :- Senior Scholarships. 1895, 1886. .. COLLEGE First crudo, Serund grades, Rs.2.5 kn. 20 4 month. #motith. Total.; First grade, Sucond grade, IX. 25 R.:20 a month. # month. Tota. 8 6 1 1 6 1 2 ... ... ... Gorernment- Presidency College Sanskrit Berhampore Midrapore Chittagong Hooghly Krislinagur Dacca Palun lave ushaw (Cuttack) Rajshahiyo IN SWNANIRRA . ... 3 3 6 1 3 I ICONS PLOTL0108 2 5 3 7 o 2 3 ... Total 5 29 31 10) 38 1 1 1 .. 2 Aiited General Assembly's College ... Free ('hurch St. Xavier's london Mission (Bhow inipore) Doveton College St. Paul's School, Darjecling 3 6 3 1 ] 1 ... I-11-:. Iuli-1010 ] Total 4 10) ti Unaided Metropolitan College Burdwan Raj Jagannath (Dacca) 1 1 3 2 ] Total 151-11- I Soli 180 ... 11:13 5 GRAND TOTAL 39 39 NOTR.-Two pecint scholarships for girls were not awarded in 188.7. • Girl's scholarship). 66. The ten scholarships (for male students of the first grade, which are open to general compotition, were awarded to the candidates highest in the list. Five of them in 1885 and all of them in 1886 were won by students of Government colleges. The second grade scholarships aro allotted to different districts and divisions, and in some cases virtually to particular colleges, except in the town of Calcutta. In addition to the Government scholarships, five Mohsin senior scholarships, varying in value from Rs. 12 to Rs. 10, wore awarded to Maliomedan studente on the results of tho F. A. examination. In 1885, vlrec of the scholars came from the Hooghly College, one from the Presidency College, and one 1) 2 ·28 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR UNIVERSITY EDUCATION. from the Patna College. In 1886, one came from the Doveton College, two from the Dacca College, and two from the Hooghly College. 67. The following table shows tho colleges in which the senior scholars elected to continue their studios :- 1885. 1886 A 1 COLLEGES, Scholars of the first puute. Bholars of the Becond grade. Total, Scholars of the firse grude. Scholars of the 8Hrond grurier, Total. 8 3 8 15 1% 3 2 (Jovernment- Presidency College Hooghly Krishnagar Dacca Patna Ravenshaw (Cuttack) Rajuhahye Medical 1 3 3 6 ... 1 6 2 1 6 2 1 1 10:-67: 1:11 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 ... Total 24 28 25 35 0 ... Aided- General Assembly's College Free Church St. Xavier's Doveton 2 2 9 5 3 2 ... 5 3 2 I. ... . ww:: ... To! SUN 31 :: 151 1 .. Total 13 151 : 11 linaided Motropolitan College City Jugaunath (Daceu) 1 5 2 4 ... 2 1 . ... ... ... Total 1 7 8 Tel:1::: GRANI) TOTAL 10 39 39 50) the A or * Girl's scholarship. Fifteen of the senior scholars in 1885 aud 21 in 1886 chose literature courso for the B. A. degree, and 2., in 1885 and 29 in 1886 the B or science course, while one in 1885 joined the Medical College, (The remaining scholars of 1885 had not olected their course at the time of the award.) 68. B. A. EXAMINATION.--The following table shows the result of the examinations held in April 1885 und April 1886 :-- B. 4. Eramination. 1885. 1886, l'ABBKI Wirli UNOURS I.TIR LAANED WITIT IIONOUN IN TITE COLLEGES. Candidates es anuned. Without honours Candidates es First division. Without honours Second divIHI01). | amined. Tntal, First division. Herond division, Total. 80 11(a) 18 3 12 24 3 " 7 ... ... 11 Government Prenjdency College lloughly Kiplinagar Dncca Patna Ravenshaw (Cultack) Rujnhulye Bolhune School, Collego Popuriment Total SR 10 ) 11 10 3(0) 2 11 10 3 3: 7 51 30 6 19 8 13 8 6 1 16! 4 ** 8 25 19 ...... 7 $ 10 ... 1 0 1990) 80 105 245 81 1 2 3 35 ! 38 35 30 56 43 8 7 S 4 5 128 105 IN 12 5% & 3 (3 lu 9 1 4 steneral Assembly's College Frey Chirohi St. Xavier's Toveton) london M12R10m (Bhowaniproire) Tal ...... S 6 3 3 7 P. .. 7 119 8 6 77 9 110 136 Metrowlitan College 705 4 4 06 141 07 9 4 65 17 79 II. ... 7 Total 73 1 47 55 1914 12 13 82 Truchior's 32 '17 18 69 . ... 1 18 19 GRAN TOI AI. 373 13 30 201 205 771 49 67 2010 410 (al Uf this number, two pasard in two bonour hubjacts. (6) Ditto, one ditto dito Ditto, thiroo ditto ditto.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 29 UNIVERSITY KDICATION, 69. In reference to a remark previously made about the increasing usefulness and success of non-Government collogos, it doscrvos prominent notice that, whilo Govorument colleges in Bengal passed 105 and 149 candidates respectively in 1885 and 1886, colleges under private management passed 149 and 212 candidates in the same two years. The Government colleges passed 61 per cent. of their candidates in 1886, against 70 per cent. in 1885 ; tho aided colleges passed 50 per cont., ugainst 72 per cent. in 1885; and the unaidod colleges 54 per cent, against 75 per cent in 1885. The causes that led to the comparatively unfavourable results of 1886 have been explained in a previous paragraph. In both years the results of the examinations were much more satisfactory than in 1884, though, owing to tho fundamental differences in the character of the examinations lield prior to 1885 and those of subsequent years, no detailed comparison of the results of the two is of any practical utility. The new system of examinations, under which the successful candidates are classified as B.A.s with honours and ordinary B.A.s, has had tho undoubted advantage of distinguishing the two classes of graduates, which cannot fail to be of practical use. The honour lists in 1685 had only 4:3 nanies; in the succeeding year the number rose: to 110. The Government colleges passed 25 honour candidates in 1885 and 68 in 1880. In th• same years 17 and 41 honour candidates passed from colleges under private management. In 1886, the Presidency College l'assed 10 B. A.s with honours, 161 of them being placed in the first division. The Metropolitan College passed it with honours, of wliom five were in the first division; and the Dacea College achieved precisely the same success. The Patna College passed nine with honours ; St. Xavier's College three-all in the first division. Out of 11 students who passed with Honours from the City College, seven were placed in the first division. This College sent students to the B.A. examination for the first time in 1886, one of whom, Janaki Nath Bhattacharjen, gained for himself and his college the distinction of occupying the first place on the list, taking firstclass honours in English and Sanskrit, and second class iu Mentul and Moral Science. Of the 712 candidates from the colleges of Bengal in 1856, 5:38 took the A or literaturo course, and only 174 the B or science course. Of those who chose the A course, 327, or 60 per cent., passed. Of those who chose the B course, 61, or 36 per cent., were successful. The comparative success of the candidates in the two alternative courses, as indicated by these figures, is not in accordance with previous experience, and it woulil seen to follow that the B course as now defined is more difficult to master than the A course. This view of the case finds confirmation from the fact that the Presidency College passed 51 out of its 59 candidates in the Acourse, and St Xavier's College passed six out of seven. But tho B course still finds favour with the best students, as is shown by the fact that a majority of the scholarsluip-holders take it up. 70. Tho religion of the candidates for the B. A. degree is shown in the following statement :- B. 4. Eramination. 1885. IN46. PAAS ) WITII NONCURS IN TIK PARA WITI IJONOLRS IN III Number of candidatos. First division. Seronit division, Without houuurs. Total. Nonher of First cumi.coon, divisiou. hrcond Without division, honours. Total 13 25 1 3:31 11 9 51 5 Hindus Maliomedans... Christians Others 076 30) 20) 202 10 ... 193 3 S 17 33 4 5 1 3461 1: 19 20 1 9 17 Total 3/3 13 30) 221 2:11 771 3:10) 4115 - DE There is a satisfactory increase of Mahomodan B. A.s; and the results of the last examination are especially creditable to the Christian students, 19 ont of 20 of the lattur laving passed. 71. On the results of the BA. examination, the followmy graduate scholarships on the foundatiou of the old Hindu College were awarded tu the ·30 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR UNIVERSITY undermentioned students of the Presidency College to enable them to read for the degree of M.A. :- EDUCATION. w Boholars, 1886. Scholars, 1886. Designation of soholar. Monthly value of scholarship. Rs. ... ... 50 50 40 ... ... ... ... ... Satis Chandra Ruy E. M. Wheoler Burdwan Scholar Gyanendra Chandra Mooker. Rame Natlı De Dwarka Nath Tagore scholar jea. Ramprasad Maitra Syana Prasanna Majum- Bird scholar dar Samatul Chaudra Dattu Srish Chandra Mitra Ryan scholar Purna Chandra Bagu l'urna Chandra Rai Chau- lindu Colloge Foundation dhuri. scholar. Nritya Gopal Banorjea Piyari Lal Haldar Ditto ... Gyanendra Nath Lahiri Khirod Chandra Chatter. jra. Manmatha Nath Rudra Atal Bihari Ghosh Ditto ... 40 40 Ditto ... 30 ... 30 Giris Chandra Nag Bipin Bibiri Dns Ditto ... 30) Satya Nanda Basu Ditto ... 30 Jogendra Nath Sep Rajani Nath Ghosh Abinas Chandra Basu Gopi Mohun Tagore scholar 30 מu Other scholarships awarded to graduates in 1885 and 1886 were those on the Durga Charan Lala Foundation and the lIara Kumur Tagore scholarship. Three graduato scholarships have also been stablished in connexion with the Motropolitan Institution. 72. M. A. DEGREE EXAMINATION. The number of candidates for the M. A. degree at the first examination held under the new regulations in November 1885 was 43, of whom 30 were successful. Of the passed candidates ton took up English, two mathematics, one history, ten science, five botany, and two Sanskrit. The Presidency College sent 18 candidates, of whom 16 were successful. The General Assembly's College passed four out of its seven candidatos; the Metropolitan College four out of seven ; the Sanskrit Collego two out of four; tho Patna College all its three candidates, and St. Xavier's College its singlo candidate. Tho candidates from thc Cuttack College and the Free Church Institution were unsuccessful. There has been a marked decrease in the number of candidates for the M. A. degree, which is fully accountod for by the change in the University regulations. Tho standard for the M. A degree has been considerably raised, in correspondence with the revised standard for honours in the B. A. examination; and those who took the degree of B. A. under the old regulations were sensibly projudiced by the chunge. Of five teachers who appeared at the examination froin Bengal, only one was successful. PREMCHANI) ROYCIAND STUDENTSHIP EXAMINATION.--Three candidates presented themselves at this examination, and the studentship was awarded to Rajendra Chandra Banerjea, M.A., of the Sanskrit College. It is of the value of Rs. 1,000 a year, and is tenable for five years. 78. In accordance with the recommendations of the Education Commission, the question of transferring some of the colleges to local bodies was the subject of correspondenco during the year. The Government of Bengal has now acided to close the Midnaporo and Berhampore Colleges, if local bodies come forward to take over their management before the 1st April 1877. To meet the increased demand for collegiate education in tho districts of Jessore and Khulna, tho managers of the successful high school at Narail in Jessore submitted proposals for converting their school into a second grade college, with an additional grant-in-aid of Rs. 100 a month. This proposal which is entirely in consonance with the views of the Education Cominission, has also been lately sanctioned. 74. The following changes took place in the staff of the Government colleges during the yeur under reviow. Presiilency College.--Mr. Griffiths continued to officiate as Principal during Mr. Tawncy's deputation as Director of Public Instruction. Babus Prizsanna Kumar Sarhadhikari and Raj Krishna Banerjea retired on superno ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 31 UNIVERSITY EDUCATION. annuation pension on tho 1st May 1885; Babu Nilmani Mukerjea, M.A., B.L., the Assistant Professor, was appointed Professor of Sunskrit, and Pandit Haris Chandra Kabiratna succeeded Babu Nilmani as Assistant Professor. Mr. G. W. Küchlor, B.A., Professor of Mathematics, who joined the college in March 1885, was transferred to the Patna College in the following June. Mr. C. W. R. Tepper, B.A., was appointed a Professor in the college in June, and was transferred to the Dacen College in August. Mr. C. Little, B.A., joined the college in October 1885. Mr. W. T. Webb, M.A., left India in March 1886 on furlough for one year. Sanskrit College. During tho absence of tho Principal on privilego leave, Babu Siva Chandra Gui, M.A., the senior lecturer, was placed in charge of the college. Krishnagar College.- Babu Dobsankar De, M.A., Mathematical Lecturer, obtained leave, and no satisfactory arrangement for the conduct of his duties could be made until February, when Mr. II. A. Lane was appointed lecturer. The absence of Babu Gobind Lal Set on sick leave also interfered with the work of the collego. Dacca College.-- The following changes took place in the staff of the college during the year :-Mr. S.C. Hill, one of the professors, was appointed in August 1885 to act as Inspector of tho Eastern Circle, and Mr. C. W. R. Tepper was transferred to Dacca in his place. Babu Sasi Bhusan lutt, M.A, lecturer in the Bethune College, was appointed an Assistant Professor in June 1885. Rurenshaw College, Culluck.-The only change that took place in the staff of the college was due to the absence of Bubu Upendra Nath Maitra, M.A., ou six months' leave, and the appointment in his place of Bubu lleon Chandra Ray, M.A. Berhamporr College. The only change in the college stuff was the appointment of Babu Sasi Sekhar Banerjea, B.A., in succession to Babu Ilaris (handra Chakravarti, M.A., as Lecturer in Mathematics. Chittagong Colleye.-Bali Chandra Mohan Mazumdar, M.A., BL., who was in charge of the institution from its foundation, having been appointed to act as Assistant Inspector of Schools, Presidency Division, Mr. William Dutt, M.A., succeeded him as head-master, Bethune School, College Departmenl.-Babu Sasi Bhusan Duti, M.A., the senior lecturer, having been transferred to the Dacca College, his duties were performed by the other members of the college stall. 75. To the work down by the Principals and Professors in the different Government colleges nothing but praiso can be accorded. They have spared no pains in their desire to maintain University education at its highest possible level; and the quality of their work is sufficiently attested by the distinruished place which the colleges fill in the University honour lists. The Presidency College, which has been under the officient management of Mr. Grilliths, owes to the commanding strength of its professorial staff the position which it occupi's as the leading institution on this side of India for the promotion of higher education. The Patna, Ilooghly, and Dacia (olleges are also strongly officered; and the efforts of able and zealous Principals like Mr. Ewbank, Mr. Mowat, and Mr. Booth, have been seconded with no less ability and zeal by the Professors who assist them. These larger colleges are the institutions on which, it is not too much to say, depend the higher educattion of Bengal and its continued progress iu tlie way's of civilisation. Tlcir effects are seen not only in tire croution of a body of public servants of all unimpeachablo standard of capacity and integrity, but also in the growth of independcut professional life, in the development of a vigorous public opinion, and in the creation of a mass of useful literature, through which men wliv luve beon trained in our colleges “hand on the lamp” to it younger generation. The responsi'silities that fall upon educational officers having duties of suci importance to dischargo are of the highest kind; and they are met, I am glad to be able to record, with enthusiasın and alertness. Nor should sight be lost of the success that has attended the smaller colleges of the first grade that are planted here and there in the interior. Mr. Mann at Krisluagar, Mr. (larhe Edwards at Rajshahye, and Mr. Ayer at Cuttack have succeeded, with the help of a staff of professors of very moderate strength, whi: in every casca native graduates, in qualifying pupils yoar by yoar for the higher examinations ·32 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR UNIV KRSITY EDUCATION. of the University. It is not nocessary, and it would be invidious, to make a further selection of namos where all are to be commended; but I 'may take the opportunity of stating that the three latest accessions to the higher grades of the Department Mr. Kiichler, Mr. Tepper, and Mr. Little-are spoken of as men of great ability and promise, who are likely to prove no unworthy successors of those who have done and are doing so much for the education of Bengal. IV.- SECONDARY EDUCATION. HRCONDAHY 76. The following statement compares the statistics of secondary schools for native boys for the past two years :- EDUCATION. 1891-86. 1885-80. Schoul, l'upils. Hohools. Pupils. 51 52 I. High English- Maintained by the department Ditto by municipal boards Aided by the departinent or by muni. cipal bourds Uuuided 14,401 490 14,963 929 ... 123 63 18,167 18,600 130 69 19.706 20,719 ... ... Total 339 61,708 265 56.316 924 Middle English- Maintained by the departinent Ditto by municipal boards Aided by the department or by municipal Loards Unaided 7 1 J1 3 1,364 us 5:32 165 37,216 9.295 5.67 155 38.15 10,20 Tital 695 47,714 716 50,374 Middle Temucular- Maintained by the department Ditto by municipal boards Aided by the department or by muni. cipal boards Unaided 180 9 10,474 1.444 179 9 9.508 1,417 849 102 47,872 6,221 867 96 47.166 6,85:3 Total 1,140 66,011 1,111 63,944 GRAND TOTAL 2,074 166,433 2,112 170,034 High English schools have advanced from 239 to 255, and their pupils from 51,708 to 56,313. Middle English schools also show a satisfactory increase both in the numbrir of institutions and in the number of pupils. Middle vernacular schools have increased by one, but there is a decroase in the number of pupils. This is explained by the fact that some of the largest and best vernacular schools havo introduced the teaching of English, and have therefore been transferred to the class above; while the new schools of this class that have came into existence have as yet comparatively fow pupils. 77. Under the rules framod by Government in accordance with the Bengal Self-Government Act, the control of all middle schools under public management in extra-urban tracts is vested in the District and Local Boards now coming into existence. All applications for grants-in-aid from middle schools, English as well as vernacular, will under these rules be dealt with by the District Boards, subject to certain necessary limitations of authority. The Local Government is also empowered by the Act to entrust the management any of its high schools to a Joint Coinmittee, consisting of delegates of the District Board as well as of the Municipality in which such school may be situated. The Act has now been introducod into 16 districts of Bengal ; and the working of the new system will form one of the topics for notice in subsequent reports. of ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 33 SEINAKY 78. The following table shows in fuller detail the attendance and expenditure in Government and aided schools of secondary instruction : EDICATIU. Attendance and expenditure in schools of sccondary instruction during 1885-86. Number of pupils on tho rolls EXPENDITIRE, CLABS OP SCHOOLS. Number of schools, on the Averago number om the rulu monthly. Avernga daily attendance. Slut March 1880). Govern- 11611L. Local sources, Total. Rs. Rs. Rs. Iliyh English. Maintained by the dopartment ... Ditto by municipal bourds Aided by tho dopartment or by municipal bourds 62 14,068 020 14,706 916 12,285 719 1,41,4915 8703 3,19.579 15,953 4.61,074 14,435 180 19,708 18,7465 14,616 73,:30 2,00, Mi1 3,66,397 ... Total 180 35,5917 34,860 27,509) 2,16,3017 6,25,000 6,42,3W . 1,040 ... Middle English. Maintained by the department Ditto by municipi xarido Aided by the department or by minicopul bourds 11 S 1,364 00X 1,263 531 10,989 HO 10,0:1 3,970 21,076 7,219 847 38,154 . 35,180 1,301,5:18) 1 27,4033 . 3,03,662 4,40,101 Total 501 40,118 37,003 28, ASB 1,47,27 8.18,231 4,681,005% ... 179 47,5(X) 25,317 Middle Vernacular. Maintainod by the deurtment Duito by municipal duards Aided by the dopurtient or by mucijai bourds 6,670 ... 9.608 3,417 8,41 1,209 72,817 9, 238 857 47,166 43,071 3-1,084 1,15,523 2,15,426 3,30.051 ... ... Total 1,045 68,091 63,891 41,676 1,02.72; 2,50,181 4,12,1N; GRAND TOTAL 1,792 1,84,804 1,20,18%) 98,130 3,24,839 11,94,411 17,21.276) In the previous year the expenditure on 1,754 schools (unaided schools excepted) with 131,267 pupils wis Rs. 16,73,150, of which Rs. 5,25,814 were contributod by Government and Rs. 11,47,336 from private sources. The gain of 38 schools and 2,537 pupils has therefore been attended by an increase of only Rs. 1,045 in Government expenditure and of Rs. 47,075 in private expenditure. 79. Higu ENGLISH SCHOOLS.-—The figures for these schools peated :- Iliyh English Schools for Boys. al' 1881-85. 1995-96. Scho)s. 52 ... Maintained by the department Ditto by municipal boards Aided loy the departement, or by municipal boards Unaided Schools. 61 2 123 03 Pupils. 14,401 4990 18,107 18,660 Pupile. 14,963 929 19.705 20,719 130) 09 . Total 239 61,708 255 56,316 There is an increase of one in departmental schools, owing to the conversion of the aided school in the new district of Khulua into a Goverunient institution, from the 1st April 1885. The schools maintained by municipal boards are those at Santipore, Burdwan, Bali, and Nattore, the two last having been taken over by the local inunicipalities during the year under report. Schools aided by the Department or by municipalities, or by both, have advanced from 123 to 130. The increase of seven schools is thus accounted for :- In the Presidency Division, the Khulna aided school was made a Government institution, and tho Lukhipasa school was reduced to the middle standard; while the Nibochai middle school was raised to the status of a high school, and the Gustou unaided school received a high school grant. In the Burdwan Division the new school at Narit received a grant, and the Mugkalyan middle school wils converted into a high school. In the Dacca Division the Munshiganj, Naraingouj, and Lauhajanga schools have been raised to this class. Two more high schools have been aided in the Patna Division. The listribution of the 130 aided high schools is as shown below :-Presidency Division and Calcutta 41, Burdwan 41, Rajshahye 8, Dacca 16, Chittagong 3, Putna 7, Bhagulpore 3, Orissa 6, Chota Naypore 2. Unaided high schools roso from 63 to 69. There is an increase of four in the Presidency Division, including Calcụtta, of two in the Burdwan Division, and of two in the Dacca Division; while the latna Division shows a loss of two schools, which have merely been transferred to the aitied list. The E ·34 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR EO.IKY Jul (ATION 69 unaided schools are thus distributed :-Presidency Division and Calcutta 31, Burdwan 14, Rajshahye 1, Dacca 9, Patna 8, and Bhagulpore 3. 80. University Entrance Examination.--It will be remembered that no ac. count of the Entrance and other examinations of 1885 were given in the last annual report, on the ground that they were held shortly after the close of the year. For reasons stated in the preceding section of this report, I have thought it right to depart from that practice. The results of the Entrance examination of schools for native boy's for the past two years are compared below:- Rntrance Eramination. - 1SMO. 1880. NUMIKR PA88K1) IN TITE- NUMPER PANNET) IN THE CLASS OF SC10011.8. KENARKO. Yumber of mmpeting School Number of candidates. First grade. Strond grade. Sumher nf competing schouls. 3. Third grade. Percentage. Nuinber of candidates First gradle. Third grade. van Total. RO -1998 41 407 128 112 (overnment school Private schools (nitled) l'rivate schools (inded) I'rivate students เl Lenchers. 1,0018 ht! 0% 1,12) ·! MA 1 7 168 5 67 1.014 185 667 71 1,:34 73 22+ 7!) 124 +18 183 2tsti 30 6 101 8 41 1 2 7 S2 (0) Nearli. Total 231 !2,757 141 4419 421 1.0:31 33'8 208 3,083 104 V82 875 28:3 i * Jucluding two municipal schools. 81. Thero has been a serious decline in the proportion of successful candidates in the last two years, especiully in the year under report. In 1884, 1,265 candidates passed out of 2,361, or 53.6 per cent. ; whilo in 1885, 1,031 candidates passod out of 2,875, or 35.8 per cent., and in 1886 only 875 candidates out of 3,083 were successful, Or 28.3 per cent. The Government schools, as usual, show the best results, having passed 48:8 and 41.2 per cent. respectively in the two last years, the aided schools stand next in order of merit, with 29 per cent. in 1885 and 27.7 per cent. in 1886; the anaided schools have 30.2 and 20 per cont. respectively. The rapidly diminishing success of andidatos at the last two examinations has attracted considerable public attention, and the University has appointed a committee to inquire into the subject. The greater uinbers attending them show that there is an increasing cleniand for University education; but it is not cqually clear that the candidates. is a class, coming as they now do from a wider area, continue from year to year to be as well prepared for the examination as their predecessors. At any rato it is not the well-prepared candidates who have suffored; for with a smaller percentage of success in 1886, the number and proportion of those who passed in the first division is much ligher than in 1886. The severity of the tost lan fallen exclusively on indifferent and ill-prepared candidatos-those who, when they pass, pass in the third division. 82. The two following tables compare the success of Government, aided, and unaided schools in each division for the past two years. Private students and teachers are excluded: Entrance Erawination, April 1885. NIMIR (F BCHOOLS WE USEXI CAN. DIDATES. NIMVER OF XC100Lb WHICALL'ANNO CAN- 1)IDATA. sortir | NIMDER MADNET IN 'JIE LIVINION Number of schrris. Goseram-pt. Government. l'pajcrd. ESET Number of condidates., aided, Yumber sained orhirlarships. Unaided. First division. Third diri.; aided. Second diri. sinn, Total. Intal. sion. 26 1 145 20 749 SR 4 2 024 25 57 i 71 101 76 87 37 37 7 22 100 11 1 7 SE20750 Total passed. Citi (W) 3210) 50 85 627 121 L'e-illene's limannu Linhulpe... jut": (hittagon l'autun Bhiki.lsnes Chula 1181 rissa 19 177 183 68 156 34 119 21 26 100 08 6 70 4 65 5 14 6 5 8 3491074*** 29 67 20 59 14 6 8 256 103 16 RS 7 10 7 7 2 7 17 15 Total 112 62 04 701 181 2,787 Hi7 410 1,112 185 (n) Incluiing the santipore Municipal nihool and the Moorslredelnd Nawab's Mudrusan. (6) Distco thr Kurd with Mum'pxl malool. Uit the Eden kemiale school at Durcu and the Deco Mudruska.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 35 Entrance Ecaminulion, April 1886. ECOVI) IRY HD)'('. NUNDER OP BCITOOLS WINICII 6K CAN. 1)IDATES. NUMBER OF SCITOOL WICIT TANARI CAN- JOIDATEN. NUMBER L'ABSET) IN TIIE 1)IVISION. Yumber of schools. Unaided. Sumber guined sehrlarships. Govo linment, To.al. Aided, Craided. First division. Total. at Number of candidates. 96 Third disision. 33 ser Totul passed. 58 Susan Government. seks izdo slided. 33 5:2 1.1 eta zure Second division. 829 1915 577 13 189 146 170) 16 14i 13 11 10 I! 21 1) Calcutta Pruslideney Burawin Riljehuiye Drucru Chittusong But na Blakuljoro (lota Vikinur Orissa 11 (a) 5 (3) ()9 fi7! (dis 4: 10 8 8 32 17 S 7 10 5 2 0 3 21 ***OSA237 ti 10) 142 10 13 73 18 7 21 7 :) 7 692 303 18 1 7 10 ... 7 13 7 Total 200 57 128 71 258 56 57 195 3,010 ... 279 10:3 i 427 80 110 (-1) Including the Betliuno Girls' schoul. (5) The Freo (Church Nornmi school for girls. (*) lucluding the Nantiporo Municipal niihool. (it) Sillo the Buri wan) 1111.) the Edon female school at real and the lacon Madnes. 83. The 57 Government schools included in 1885 the Madrassas at Dacca and Moorshedabad, the Eden Female school, and the municipal schools at Santipore and Burdwan. Of those, 54 wore successful. Tho unsuccessful schools were tho Chaibassa Zillah school, the Moorshodabad Madrussa, and the Euen Female school. In 1886 the Government schools included the Bethune Girls' school, the Eden Female school, the Dacca Madrassa, and the municipal schools at Santipore and Burdwan. The threo unsuccessful Government schools in 1886 were those at Barrackpore, Chaibassa, and Palanow. The failure of the Chaibassa school for two successive years is not remarkable. As has been stated in previous reports, this is a weak and struggling school established among a backward population. It is essentially a middlo school, with an Entranco class added for promising pupils, but without a full high school staff. It has passed only four pupils in all at the matriculation examination. A proposal has now been made by the Officiating Inspector of the l'residency Circle for increasing the number of masters. Out of six boys from this school wiro paid foos in 188.), only four appearol at the examination, and al were rejected in English. In 1886 the only candidate who presented himself at the (Ximination failed in mathematics. The case of the Palamow school is somewhat similar. The school is situated in a remote corner of the Lo!arduera (Listrict, and is not rich enough to maintain a well-paid subordinato stall. Tilia failurı of the Barrackpore school is a more serious matter. It sent up eight candidates, of whom not one passed, as many as five failing in Sanskri... The late head-master was also in indifferent health, and had to be transferreal. The head and second masters and tho Sanskrit teacher have now been changed, and the school is likely to do better in futuro examinations. The school laboured under a chronic deficit, which has been removed by the transfers iloted above. 8+. The progress of aided schools as tested by the Entrance examination continues, on the whole, to be satisfactory. In 1878, out of 8+ schools, 733 competed and 49 were successful; in 1879, out of 8.1 schools, 80 competed and 60) wero successful; in 1880, out of 88 schools, Hi competed and 7+ were successful; in 1881, out of 98 schools, 88 competed and 61 wore successful ; in 1832. out of 115 schools, 100 competed and 7 were successful ; in 1883, out of 115 schools, 10+ competed and 9+ were successful. lu 1884 there was no examiitinition, but in 1885, out of 123 schools, 112 competed and 79 were successful; while in 1886, out of 130 schools, 125 competed and 84 were successful. Thie results of the last two years were excoptional; still a comparison of the first year of this series withi the last shows really remarkable progress. 85. Government schools for boys. These are either schools attached to colleges and under the control of the Principals, or zillah schools of the firsi, spend or third class. The class of a school is fixed by. tho number of its pupils. whether over 300, between 300 and 175, or under 175. The following tables stow the results of the Entrance examination for schools of vaclı clss. hi uccord ·36 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR SECONDARY EIICAT: N. ance with the practice of former years, the merit mark in the last column is found by crediting the school with one, two or three marks for each boy passing in the third, second or first division. As explained in previous reports, cach class includes schools of widely different numerical strength, and therefore the merit marks, though furnishing a convenient test of progress from year to year, give only a rough idea of the comparative position of different schools :- Collegiate Schools. 1886. 1886. MERIT MARKA. Nu NAME OF ACTIOOL. Numlser passed in the per passed in the Total. - Nuniber of candidates. Total. 1885. On that Viimher 1.2 mils in the 31s! Yuriber of (Norlidates. 1886. First Xecond. Third division. division. divisjon. First Nexc'ond Third divinon. division, division, 55€ 01 . 80 84 00 58 30) 8 1 11 38 19 39 28 81 365 09 92 20 24 10 11 16 17 16 858 Dixi 45.0 305 +998) 78 31 cio 67 40 19 13 11 0 14 29 1 5 6 7 8 3 6 B 3 2 44 CTCTD 50 20 19 13 10 6 19 34 31 Hare Rajshahye Collegiata Hindu Preca Collegiato Putra (litto Hoxhly ditto Chittagong Homily Brunch Ravenshaw Colleginte Krisnaxhur dito Midnapore ditto (illeutin Madrussu Nannkrit Burhainpur Total 18 19 20 7 0 6 13 12 10 10 27 2 18 B 3 10 16 23 30 1 30 10 21 16 277 2519 113 165 168 1 27 10 215 12 8 10 7 7 7 6 9 A ...... 18 13 17 3 23 . ..... 5,1005 50 121 58) 231 474 106 44 202 419 Thus from 14 collegiate schools containing 5,005 pupils, 484 candidates competed in 1885 und 2:35 passed, with a total merit mark of 461. In 1886 there were 174 candidates, of whom 202 were successful, with a merit mark of 412. 86. For the first time in a long series of years the position occupied by the Hindu School has been disturbed, and the Rajshahye Collegiate school has risen to the second place, the Hare School heading the list as usual. If the merit marks of the two years be taken togother, the Ilaro School has 139, the Hindu School 115, the Dacca Collegiato school 102, tho Ilooghly Collegiate school 96, the l'atna Collegiate school 86, and the Rajshahiye Collegiate school comes sixth with 82. The Hindu and Hare, as well as the Dacca, Hooghly, and Patna Collegiate schools, have lost some pupils during the past two years, while there has been an incrcase at the Rajshahye Collegiateschool. The rates of fees in the Hindu and Harc schools are higher (namely, Rs. 5 in the upper and Rs. 4 in the lower classes of the llindu School, and Rs. 4 in all classes of the Haro school than those prevailing in the other high schools for native boys in Calcutta, and the large numbers still attending them show that their popularity has by no moans diminished. The income of the Hare School from foos only was Rs. 26,418, and its expendituro Rs. 28,040. The fee-receipts of the lindu School wero Rs. 18,293 and its expenditure was Rs. 21,851. In both casos the excess was nainly due to the grade increments of the masters' salaries, and it is in contemplation su to re-arrango the establishment as to equalise income and expenditure. Both thero institutions were, a few years ago, not only selfsupporting, but returned a large annual surplus. The fees at the Rajshahye Collegiate school amounted to Rs. 7,602 and its expenditure to Rs. 10,009. As before observed, the Dacca and Patna Collegiate schools continue to achiove marked success at the Entrance examination. The fee-receipts of the former wcro Rs. 10,921, and of the latter Rs. 11,911. The Hooghly Collegiate school realised Rs. 10,244 from fees. These school have net grants varying from Rs. 2,150 a year in the case of Rajshahye to Rs. 7,250 in that of Patna. A reduction in the amount of these grants is under consideration. 87. Of tho remaining eight collegiate schools, most have changed their posiiion in the last two years; the Hooghly Branch school has risen from the ninth to the eighth place, while the Chittagong Collegiate school, which holds the seventh place in 1886, was at the bottom of the list in the preceding year. The Alidnapore collegiate school has gone down from the cighth to the 11th place, while the position of the Krishnagar Collegiate school was 10th in both years. The Ravenshaw Collegiate school holds the rinth instead of the scventh place. It passed two boys in the first division, against ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 37 SKCONIJIRY EDUCATION, three in 1885. The three schools lowest in the series are the Calcutta Madrassa, the Sanskrit Collegiate, and the Berhamporo Collegiato school. Tho two former labour under special difficulties of their own, and the Berhampore School has shown of late years no signs of revival. It had only 158 students on its rolls. T'he fee-collections at the smaller collegiate schools were as follows:- Chittagong Rs. 6,352, Hooghly Branch Rs.8,401, Ravenshaw Collegiate Rs. 4,889, Krishnagar Rs. 5,804, Midnapore Rs. 5,756, Calcutta Madrassa Rs. 4,937, Sanskrit Collegiate Rs. 3,511, and Berhampore Rs. 4,041. The net grants to these schools vary from Rs. 1,000 at Midnapore to Rs. 5,000 at Rajshahyo and Krishnagar. 88. Zillah Schools, first class.- Tho number of these schools, which are defined as such by having 300 pupils and upwards, was 16 as in 1884. Tho Pubna and Mozufferpore schools having fallen below this limit were transferred to the sccond class, their places being taken by the Nawab's High school at Moorshedabad and the Patna City School. The results of the last two examinations are shown in the following statement:- Zillah Schools first class (16). 1985. 1881i. MERIT MARKB. Vmber on the rolls' on the 31st March Number of candidates, 18. Number passer in the-- NAME OF SCHOOL. Number pelnaOd in the uinher of caodidates. 1885, 18RC, First Second division. division. Third division). Total. Firkt Socond Third division. division. i division. Total. - 19 5 2 13 3 3+ 370 5 10 12 12 1 39 27 20 30) 28 11 18 300 13 205 ::::::::: 12 12 15 17 7 15 11 12 אן . 21 11 1. Burriral 2. Bhugulport 3. (tommilla 4. Chupin. 3. Rungpore Berrimoin 7. Arrah Uttarprera -11ymensing 10. Vond bolly Jl. Burayrt 12. Gyil 18. Moorehe dahul. 14. Jessori 1. Monghyr 16. Putra City Total 3018 :313 391 3:38 103 397 300) 19) 19 Y8 2+ 12 21 Cance avec RIKKK CETOVI 3+5 i 21 20 18 17 10) 11 11 & 6 3 b 11 20) 28 7 10 17 U 12 II 11 17 9 10 311 3163 8: 338 2 8 11 15 9 10 2 6 8 2 4 8 5,607 312 20 101 313 25 08 33 120 278 253 From 18 schools with 5,667 pupils, 313 candidates competed in 1886, and 129 passed with a merit mark of 253. In 1885, out of 312 candidates, 161 passed with a merit mark of 27:3. 89. The first place in the list is now occ occupied by Burrisal, which in 1885 stood third. The Bhagulpore zillah school, which in the previous year held the fifth place, las now risen to the second. The Commillal school has come down from the first to the third, and tho Chupra school from the socond to the fourth place. The Rungpore school has riseil from the twelfth to the fifth place on the list, while the Beerbhoom school, which stood fourth in 1885, now occupies the sixth place. The schools at Arrali, Uttarpara and Mymensingh have evidently been affected by the competition of the new private schools set up in their neighbourhood, and the Noakholly school has probably been affectod by tho same cause. Two aided high schools have been established within four or five miles of the Baraset Government school, but the large hostel attached to the institution serves to attract pupils from a distance, and thus to koep it up to a fair standard of officiency. The late head-master, Babu Kunja Bohari Bose M.A., during whoso incumbency the school rose from the third to the first class, was transferred during the year on promotion to my office ; but acting as disburser of the Public Works Department, he has since constructed in a most economical way a number of alditiw nl rooms for the accommodation of the school, which will be of permanent benefit to the institution. The Gya Zillah school is under the management of an able head master, but tho opening of two private high schools in the town has reduced its numerical strength. Neithor the Gya nor the Chupra school drew any portion of its net grant during the yrar, tie income from fucs and subscriptions being sufficient for their maintenance. The Moorshedabad high school is a free institution, originally supported from the Nizamut Fund and managod by the Political Department. Since the ·38 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR AVIATY EDUCATION, transfer of management it has steadily advanced in numbers and efficioncy, but still its success in the Entrance examination is not proportionate to its largo expenditure. The indifferent results shown by the Jessore zillah school are due partly to the unhealthiness of the climate, from which the hoad-master suffered for some time. The Monghyr school has been placed under a new head-master, but it is not yet clear what place it is destined to attain. Financially it is very successful; and it is proposed to reduce its net grant from Rs. 1,800 to Rs. 300. The Patna City school was formerly a branch of the Collegiate school, and as such was managod by the Principal of the College; it has lately been placed under the control of the Inspector of the Bohar Circle. 90. Zillah Schools, second class.The number of schools in this class is 14, against 10 in 1884. The Moorshedabad school has been transferred to the first class, from which the Pubna and Mozufferpore schools have come down ; the Julpigori and Barrackporo schools have been moved been moved up from the third to the second class, in which the new school at Khulna has also taken its place. The examination results for the past two years are givon bolow:- Zillah Schoolseccond class (14). 1885. 18. MERIT MARKH NAMK OP SCHOOL. Vumber on the rolls ou the 31st Jarch Sumber of candidates. 185. Number pilaunt in the Nurnber PN in thu - Suunalis of; Candidates. THS. 1986. Second Thiril division. division. Division. Total. First division, Second lira divisiou. division. Total. 1 2 14 8 201 277 187 237 1 1 11 8 10) 21 11 3 33 > 1 1 4 3 5 33 1 4 .. 7 18 1. liowrah 2. Dunakepore 3. Furrecalpore 1. Bankooruh 5. Khulma 4). Boxru 7. Julie . Taki 9. Mazufforporu 14, Ranchi 11. Balamuro 12. Julpaixori 13. Pirulin 14. Barruckquire 17 17 1.) 101 9 S 7 2 2 1 1 1 -13*-**-dzene .. 33 erakusteanna 2018 212 77 2093 270) 200 181) 2003 :11 110 ... 1 12 3 3 2 3 1 5 5 7 Total ... 3,207 118 27 30 73 118 1 18 19 From 14 schools with 3,207 pupils, 118 candidates competed and 64 passed, with a morit mark of 129. In 1855 the same nuinber of candidatos appeared and 73 passed, with a merit mark of 122. 91. The.Howrah school has not yet increased its numbers sufficiently to enable it to regain its place among first-grade schools, to which its success at the examinution of 1886 would in other respects have entitled it. The Dinagepore school lias done woll, and has gained two places, the Furrecdpore and Bankoora schools being pushed down a step each. The Khulna school has made a fair start by passing five candidates at tho last examination. The question of providing suitable accommodation for this new zillalı school is still under consideration. The state of the Pr bua school, which has been reduced from the first class, was for some time unsatisfactory; and on the recommendation of the Inspector, the lead-master las lately beon transferred. The Inspector of the Bohar Circle reports that the roll number of the Mozufferpore school rose during the year to 398, the highest point ever reached ; and he ascribes the serious decline in its numbers to the injudicious interference by some members of the District Committeo with the action of the head-niaster a point of ordinary school discipline. Tho Taki school was removed during the year to the new building constructed for its use by the lato Babu Raj Mohan Ray Chauelhuri of that place. The question of providing additional accommodation for the Ranchi school has been pressed on the attention of the Inspector. For the first time iu the history of education in Chota Naypore, a genuine Kol boy of the school passed the Entrance examination in 1885, and gained a junior scholaship. The Julpigori school is a comparativoly now institution, anıl its Success at the Entrance examination is still very limited. The condition of the Purulia school as tested by the University examinations continues to be unsatisfactory, and the Inspector reports thåt the two highest classes contained many pupils who were not fit for that position. The causes of the failure of the Barruckpore school in 1886 have boeu already referred to, and aro not likely to recur. On ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 39 RAVINTARY BI'ATION. 92. Zillah Schools, third class.--The following table shows the order of merit of this class of schools. They are eight against ten in 1884, the Barrackporo and Julpigori schools having risen to the socoud class :- Zillah Schools--third class (8). 1885. 1786, MERIT MARKS. NAMES OF SC1100L8. Yumber on the rolls on the sist March 1858. Number of candidates. Number panked in the Number passed in tho- Yuniher of candidates. 1885. JAN. First Necond Thirai division. division. divisjon. Tot il. First Seond Third division. division. division. Tntal. 1 7 1 3 3 ..... * 1401 15-4 131 120 1 1 1 4 1 7 12 :: 8 5 3 2 1 . 0 to 1. Maldah 2. Purncah 8. Hazaribagh h. Dumka, late Duo. ghur Pooroo) . Motiliari 7. Palaniow.. X. Chaibasan 2 3 + 1 be . 110 150 101 109 .. 1 Totni 1,084 10 7 f 3 .- 13 27 From oight schools with 1,084 pupils, 40 candidatos appeared and 13 passed, with a morit mark of 27. In 1885 there were 42 candidates of wliom 19 passed, with a merit mark of 33. The Malduh school has aguin risen to the first place; and the Hazaribagh school, which for two successive years headed the list, now occupies the third place, the second being taken by the Purncah School. The Deoghur Schoul has, on its transfor to Dumka, evidently improvo, in efficiency. The schoois at l'ooren and Motihari did fairly enough in 1885. The failure of the Palamow and Chaibassa schools have been explained elsewhere, and is duc mainly to the weakness of the instructive staff. 03. The number of high schools on a vernacular basis is steadily increasing; the lower classes up to the fifth being taught history, geography, arithinetic and science through tho medium of the vernacular. This system continuos on the whole to be popular; and two moro schools in the Presidency Division, namely, those at Barrackpore and Agarpara, havo lately been reconstructed on a verna- <ular basis. Native gentlemen of the old school are not, however, always ready to admit the utility of a system which gives less prominence to English than to the vernacular of the country in the earlier stages of a boy's education. 34. The following table shows in juxta position the schools maintained by the Department, as well as by the various educational agencies, native and European, for the benefit of native students in Calcutta. It shows the oxtout to which private enterprise in the metropolis has achieved success in the field of secondary instruction:- Entrane Eramination, April 1885. ī Number or i pupils on Number ilio rolls out of crunci. 318 Jurah daton, 1883. NAME OF SCHOOL. Number of sciolti- First Second Third divisiou. division. division. Totul. Filmed 6 ... 80 530 1 Ciure rummond Srhools Hare Huu Anglo-l'ersiun Department, Calcutta Maurussu Suuskrit Collegiate Total 689 944) 400 170 3 0 9 5 19 1,557 2010 19 .) 88 S 009 610 :) 12 15 10 3 727 א[ .. 13 17 709 10 ܚܝܝܝ ܨ ܊ ܃ 10 417 19 il 4012 373 Unudul Schools 1. (irrorul Astmully's Institution 2. Froe Church ulto 3. Metropolitan ditto t. Ripon Collegiate school 1. City ditto 'i. Oriental Seminary 7. Allart Collegiate school X. Suais Ivo mohol 4. ('nlcutta Traming Academy 10. Metropolitan Suinpkur Brunch 11, Culcuita lustitution 19. Mr. Dall's ILikh school 13. kroughton Tuntitution 14. University NCHI) 18. Church Mishlou Scriety's Bourdink acão 16. Northbrook school 17. Culcutta school 14. Oxford Mission Boarding school 14. Sinula Bengal Academy 9. Hindu Achiorny 1. Albany Institution Total 17 6 12 2 1 90 ZOM 100 111 204 20 3015 102 ... 0 15 6 . ... ... 7,273 10 141 .. X. B.From this tuble schools for Europeans und Eurasians are excludca. • Furnished 20 returns for tlic jeur oudius 31st Murch TRS3, ·40 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR ECONDARY KDUCTION. 95. The following statement shows the second languages taken up by candidates, including those from European schools, at the Entrance examination during the last three years : Entrance Ecamination, 1885 and 1886, 1888. 1885. 1886. ... 0. ... ... ... .. ... ... ... ... ... 93 1,6X) 9 137 391 40 61 12 4 Latin Sanskrit Arabic Persian Bongali Urdu Hindi Uriya Armenian Burmese French ... 85 2,165 3 208 549 48 93 14 2 ... 102 2,098 2 200 418 42 83 20 3 2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 16 .. Totul 2,431 2,980 3,172 ... The number of candidates taking up Bengali was 549, against 408 in 1885 and 391 in 1883. As a classical language has to be taken up at the First Examination in Arts, there was for some years a steady decline in the numbor of candidates taking up a vernacular at the Entrance. This tendency now appears to have received a temporary check, in consequence, it is believed, of the large accession of candidates from comparatively weak and inefficient schools. 96. The candidates are classified according to their religion in the following table:- Entrance Examination, 1885 and 18x6. -- 1886. 1886. NUMUER PASARV IN TOK RELIGION. NUMDEK PASSE)) IN THE Number of candidatos. lotul. Number ot candidates. Total. birst Second Thiird division. division. division. First Second Thirci division. division. division. 394 1.77 79% . Ilindus Mbal..madang Christung Others 380) 35 2,624 170 (a)132 (U) 64 127 5 12 6 436 17 (0)26 13 2,758 191 101 152 7 2+ 10 (e)s 1 105 8 7 Total 2,980 140 430 1,070 3,099 181 907 (n) Of those 18 were frusles, (6) Ditto 3 ditto. (c) 3 ditto. Ditto 3 ditto. Ditto 1 was a female'. There is some increaso in the number of Mahomcdan as well as of Christian candidates who were successful, notwithstanding a general decrease. 97. The following table shows the distribution of Government junior scholarships awarded <n the results of the Eutrance examination for the past two years : Distribution List of Junior Scholarshape, 1885. DIVISJON. First grundle Second krudo Third kruie scholarship, scholarship, Neholarship Rs. 20 # Ks. 158 BN. 10 month. inonth, wouth. Total. First division, Becond division. Third division. 27 ... 7 3 1 . ...... 29 .. ... 10 2 Calcutta Presidency Burdwan Reljshahyu Dnccn Chuttiyong l'ati. Blingulzioro (risa ('hota Nagpore 27 29 25 23 26 10 ... SINO 13 17 16 14 18 8 16 19 8 7 10 7 2 19 6 6 11 .... 16 19 7 Total 13 .. 127 62 202 130 6 (IRLS SCHOLARSHIPS. Caloutts 1 1 S ... . CIRANI TOTAL 14 S 129 205 180 ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 41 Distribution List of Junior Scholarships, 1886. SECONDARY EDUCATION. . ra DIVIBION. First grado Becond grade Third grade scholarship, scholarship, scholarship, Rs. 20 8 Rs. 15 a ks. 10 # month. month. month, Total. First divi. sion, Second division. Third divi. sion. 10 ... ..... 3 13 12 10 1 2 ..... 8 7 6 6 8 2 6 8 10 19 2L 10 18 55 13 ...... (alcutta Presidency Burdwan kajshahye Lucca hittagong l'atra 13hagulpore Orissa Chota Napporo 1 ... 19 22 21 10 19 8 18 12 10 7 8 . 12 9 • ...... .. 2 y 0 1 6 ...... 4 Total 1 10 47 96 152 118 25 GIRLS' SCHOLARAJIPS. Calcutta 1 .. ...... 2 2 Тота. 11 05 151 120 It may. 98. be noted here that while in 1885, 130 scholarships were awarded to candidates passing in the first division, only 120 scholarships were awarded to such candidates in 1886. Again, while only one scholarship was awarded to a candidate passing in the third division in 1884, and six in 1885, in 1886 the nuniber rose to nine a conscquence of the large percentage of failure at the last two examinations. Referring to this failure, tho Officiating Inspector of the Presidency Circle expresses his conviction that the teaching staff in many high schools needs to be greatly strengthened-an improvement to which the only obstacle is the limitation of the grant-in-aid allotinent. The Inspector of the Western Circle complains that many proprietors of middle schools are in too great a hurry to raise their status, even when they can secure only a small Government grant. The consequence is that they have to entertain an insufficient and incompetent staff of teachers, with the usual and inevitable results at the University examinations. The Inspector adds that his seven departmental schools passed more candidates than all the other 50 schools that competod. The two officers whose opinions I havo cited above have official relations of a more or less intimate nature with 171 high schools, out of a total of 255 from wbich returns havo been received, and there is certainly much truth in what they say of the unsatisfactory condition of many so-called high schools. T'he chief drawback to this state of things is that a bad high school ceases to be even a good middlo school; for the teaching in a high school is or may be conducted exclusively through English, and no longer in the vernacular. Hence the natural desire to encourage private schools to ruise their status should be restrained within such limits as are suggested by the foregoing considerations. 99. MIDDLE ENULISH SCHOOLS.—The figures for this class of schools for native boys are compared below:- Middle English Schools for Boys. 1884-85. 1885-86, Soluola, 7 .. Maintained by the department Ditto by municipal boards Aided by the department or by municipal boards U paided Pupils. 924 280 37,215 9,295 Schools. 11 3 517 156 Pupils. 1,354 608 38,154 10,268 532 155 Total 696 47,714 716 50,374 .. 100. The schools maintained by the Department have risen from 7 to 11. The increase of four schools is the result of a more change of classification; the Sheakhala, Badanganj, and Garbetta middle vernaculur schools in the Burdwan Division and the Asureswar school in tho Orissa Division having added English classes and being now returned as middle English schools. The increase of two municipal schools is due to the similar transformation of the Hooghly and Kanchannagar municipal middle schools in the Burdwan Division into middle English schools.

·42 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR BRCONDARY KDUCATION. are 101. Aided schools have advanced from 532 to 547. The Presidency Division shows a gain of ten schools, the Dacca Division of six, Orissa five, Bhagulpore two, and Burdwan one; while in the Patna Division there is a loss of seven schools, in Rajshanye of one, and in Chittagong of one. The distribution of theso 547 schools was as follows:-Presidency Division 121, Burdwan 134, Rajshahye 51, Dacca 98, Chittagong 27, Patna 53, Bhagulpore 24, Orissa 26, and Chota Nagporo 13. 102. Unaided schools were 155 as in the preceding year. Calcutta gained one, the Burdwan Division two, Rajshahye four, Dacca three, and Chittagong four; while the Presidency Division lost two, Patna two, Bhagulpore seven, Orissa two, and Chota Nagpore one. Some of the unaided schools weic transferred to the aided list, while others changed their status or disappeared for want of adequate support. The unaided middle English schools distributed as follows:-Presidency Division 29, Calcutta 8, Burdwan Division 27, Rajshahyo 14, Dacca 27, Chittagong 13, Patna 26, Bhagulpore 4, Orissa 3, and the Orissa Tributary States 4. Many of these schools exist in the hope of getting a Government grant; while some, it is to be foared, have been set up in a spirit of faction and with the view of injuring successful schools in their neighbourhood. 103. The changes in aided middle English schools are noticed in detail in the divisional reports. The following summary shows the kind of fluctuations that are going on in schools of this class, and explains the increase of 15 schools. Ten schools were raised from middle vernacular to middle English, one high school was reduced to this class, and 26 unaided schools received grants. On the other hand, two middle English schools were reduced to vernacular, and five were raised to high English schools, while the grants were withdrawn from 14 (half of which were in the Patna Division), and one aided school was taken over and nianaged by a municipality. The number of middle English schools aided by municipalities has increased by one; three unaided schools having received municipal grants, while one of those previously aided has lost its grant and one has been reduced to a vernacular school. 104. Middle English scholarship examination. The results of the examination are given below. The standard is that of the middle vernacular scholarship examination, with English added as a language only:

·Middle Enylish Scholarship Examination for Boys, 1886. FACE OR CRRED OP PAASEED SCHOLARS, NrYBER PASSED. YTYBER OF EXTYISEEE. JOYBER OF INSTITVTIONS EENDING ESAMISESS. Aided institutions, Grernment institutions, Government institutions. Other institutions. Aided institutions, Other institutions. Total. Prirate students. Total. DIVISIO38. on. Competing schools. Other infitutions. l'rivule students. First division. Seroni division. Thura division, first division. Second duvinion. Third division. First disisi n. Sorun livision. Third division. First divisioni, Second division, Third (livisjon. Second division. Third division. MuhomeLAUA. Totul. locus. First Others. 5 1 61 1+ 4 15 134 53 cu 284 25 Presidency. 71 252 ge 95 69 ... 13 1. 24 G 2 21 Calcutta 1 1 1 1 "... 1 19 2 16 62 5 72 155 8 341 Burdwan 17 105 777 1 2 119 88 297 OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. . 3 29 13 7 11 39 19 121 2 1. . Rajshahse 3 27 8! 37 49 EN . 2 36 1: IR 68 2 14 39 15 1: ... 15R 17: 11 51 10 Cacca 45 11 ... . 26 19 1 ... 12 Chittagong... 13 11 6! 1: 15 29 20 1 ... ... 17 13 2 9 123 . Patna 85 8 33 1 1 13. 10 1 ... Bhagalpore 15 15 57 6 b 5! .... .. 6 5 11) 6 22 7 Chota Yagrore ... #drato 1 35 25 6 1 . 6 (1.39 93 2 : 18 16 16 15 20 72 ..... -- 3 4 S 1 .. .. 0. ... .. 2 2 Orissa Tributary Meals 2 2 000 ... I!... ... .... 19 76' 3071 187 26 543 13.28 11 153 29 13 54 1,31: Tutal 1 16 29: 97 416 SW 230 228 1,053 11% 569 569 N.B.-Twents-three middle frosracular schior's went in "comuljilates in this erinunatin, and I candidates from 15 schools were successful. Four amalgamated huch schons sent up 13 candidates in this epurnination, and 4 candidates frow 3 schools were successful. 43 EDUCATION. BECONDARY ·44 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR SECONDARY EDUCATION, 105. The foregoing statement shows that 419 middle English schools sent up 1,159 candidates, of whom 520 from 278 schools were successful, besides 25 candidates from reruacular or high schools, and 24 private students. In 1884-85, 417 schools sent up 1,231 candidates, of whom 611 passed, besides 26 boys from vernacular schools. The larger proportion of success in the previous examination was due to the fact that the session was one of 17 months instead of 12. In 1883-84 the number of successful candidatos was 481. The aided schools as usual passed the largest number of candidates. Four amalgamated high English schools sent up 13 candidates, of whom only four were successful. The number of middle vernacular schools from which candidates passed was 23, against 21 in the previous year. It rests with the Circle Inspector to recognise as middle English any vernacular school that succeeds in passing pupils at this exanination; and in that way middle schools are able to pass without difficulty from vernacular to English and vice versá without any violent change in their constitution. The Inspector of the Western Circle sounds, however, a useful note of warning with reference to the indiscriminate conversion of middle vernacular into middle English schools :-"Since the promulgation of the order reconstituting middle English schools on a vernacular basis, middlo vernacular schools are being converted in larger nunibers than before into middle English schools; but the conversion is attended with one evil. Cheap middle English schools with an insufficient and inefficient staff of teachers have sprung up, and their number is gradually increasing. To put a stop to this rapid change, which has the effect of multiplying weak middlo English schools and diminishing the number of strong vernacular schools, I have thought it expedient not to recommend the sanction of grants to schools, in which provision cannot be made for the entertainment of at least two competent English and two certificated vernacular teachers. Again, the sound principle on which the reconstitution of middle English schools is based is not fully appreciated by the people, School managers desire that the subjects of instruction should be taught through the medium of English. This desire proceeds from a belief, not easily to be rooted out, that students acquiro greater facility in English if they learn history, geography, and even mathematics from English books. Owing to this misapprehension as to the true object of middle oducation, the number of efficient middle English schools has become less than before." 106. Of the 419 competing schools only 278 were successful. The figures for the preceding year wero 417 and 302. The want of success of particular schools is due to various causes, the most prominent among them being (1) want of efficient local maragement; (2) disputes between masters and managers of schools, and, as a consequence, the frequent change of masters; (3) the employment of incompetent teachers; and lastly, the outbreak of fever or cholera or a sudden inundation. Meanwhile the useful lesson of self-government in mattors of education is being learnt, the failure and success of different schools marking the stages of progress. The Inspectors of the Western and Presidency, Circles are of opinion that for the successful working of middle English schools generally, the scale of grant should be raised to Rs. 30 a nionth on an avcrage. The proposal is one which can be satisfactorily dealt with only in a time of financial prosperity: Again, of 155 unaided middle English schools, about 100 are believed to exist in the hopo of getting a Government yrant, the amount of which, even at the moderate rate of Rs. 25 a school, ..ould involve an additional annual expenditure of Rs. 30,000. 107. MIDDLE VERNACULAR SCHOOLS.-The figures for this class of schools are compared below:- Middle 1'ernacular Schools for Boys. 1891-85. 1881-86. Schionir. Pupila. Schooin. 180 170 10,474 1,444 Pupils, 9,508 1,117 Maintained by the deatment Ditto by municipal boards anded by the department or by municipal bonds tinuided 849 1112 47.872 6,221 867 96 47.166 6,863 Total ... 1,140 66,011 1,141 03,946 ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION, NICONIARY L'CATION 108. The Government middlo vernacular schools declinod from 180 to 179, and their pupils from 10,474 to 9,508. The loss of one school is due to the introduction of English toaching into the Asureswar school in Orissa; the place of three vernacular schools raised to the English class in the Burdwan Division (two in Midnapore and one in Bearbhoom) being supplied by three new schools. Theso three were established with funds sot free by the transfer to municipal bodies of the charge of three Government schools. The loss in pupils took place chiefly in the Government schools of the Burdwan and Patna Divisions, but is also shared by Bhugulpore, Orissa, and Chota Nagpore. A detailed account of the difficulties that besot the Government vernacular or model' schools, established as they are in backward localities, was given in my Report for 1883-84. In such places a good upper primary school supplies all that is necessary, and the middle school no longer answers any roal neod. The transfer of these schools to moro advanced places where, with the same Government grant, the local income will be large cnough to provide for the addition of English classes, is being gradually carried out; and under such conditions the model schools become, what they were intended to be, the true pioneers of middlo education. When middle vernacular schools are established by private effort in advanced and prosperous villages, it is generally with the object of converting them hereafter into English schools ;-in tho Burdwan Division, for example, of 232 aided vernacular schools, nearly one-fifth have English classes attached. Schools managed by municipal boards were nine, as in the previous year; the only change of note being that the Presidency Division has for the first time returned one school of the kind (Kumarkhali), while the uumber in the Burdwan Division foll from two to one. Tho distribution of all schools under public management was as follows:-- Presidency Division and Calcutta 15, Burdwan Division 24, Rajshahyo 25, Dacca 15, Chittagong 10, Patna 43, Bhagulpore 26, Orissa 13, Orissa Tributary Mehals 2, and Chotu Nagpore 15. 109. The aided vernacular schools were 857 with 47,166 pupils, against 819 with 47,872 pupils. In the Burdwan Division there is a gain of 18 schools, and in the Presidency Division a loss of lt, with minor changes elsewhere. The schools are thus distributed :--The Presidency Division 1983, Calcutta 5, Burdwan Division 189, Rajshalye 103, Dacca 211, Chittagong 85, Patna 7, Bhagulporo 27, Orissa 21, and Chota Nagpore 10. The indifference of the people of Behar to inildle schools in which no English is taught is illustrated in a remarkable manner by the decrease of aided schools of this class from 13 to 7. The decrease of aided schools in the Presidency Division is explained by the reduction of a number of inefliciont schools to a lower status, while others were converted into middle English schools in accordance with the recognised policy of Government. Of the reduced schools no less than 12 were previously inaintained from the primary grant in Jessore. The gain of 18 schools in the Burdwan Division was the result of the following operations, which may be taken as typical of the changes that have taken place elsewhere:-22 new schools have been aided, and 10 upper primaries converted into middlo vernacular. On the other hand, six schools have been closed, three reduced to the primary class, and five converted into middle English. 110. The Inspector of the Behar Circle thus refers to the loss of schools and the measures adopted for improving those that exist :-"Te worthless aided schools, started and kept up, more for the advantago of teachers than for that of the boys, havo many of them gone to the wall. As they did not represent middle class education, and wasted public money, it is as well. By their abolition education does not suffer. In their place, we got good upper primary schools that do much more good. The middle schools have been very carefully supervised by the Assistant Inspectors, and every thing has been done to introduce in them the system und disciplino of zillah schools. Inetficient and idle teachers have been disposed of; those who have not passed the Normal school examination are now required to pass: and a system of reward. ing successful teachers by a recast of the scale of pay (provided the funds allow of it) has been introduced. Teachers are made to understand that they have been appointed for work, and that real merit will not go wrnoticed. Middle vernacular schools are not popular. In villages of Bunialis and labourers, upper and lower primary schools are thought good enough; and in ·46 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR SECONDARY XDUCATION. villages of Kayasths and Mahomedans, nothing under a middle English school will do. A uniform scale of fees has been introduced in the Government middle vernacular schools. It was found that the old system of leaving it to the head teacher to get what he could, opened the door to malpractices, and that the boys were the sufferers. Teachers levied what they chose, put into the treasury just enough to bring the net grant up to the required amount, and pocketed the rest. The schools had no surpluses, and in consoquence nothing could be bought to supply their many requirements. Now the income of these schools has gone up, and each year shows a surplus, which is spent in buying furnituro, maps, and books, and in rewarding deserving teachers." 111. Middle Vernacular Scholarship Examination. - The following table gives the results of the middle vernacular scholarship oxamination :

·Midille Pernacular Scholarship Ecamination for Boys, 1586. NUMBER OF ISETITCTIONS BENDING EXAMISEE8. NCYBOR OP ESAYISFES. RACE OR CREED OF PASSEN SCHULARS. NUBER PASSED. Government institutions. Aided institutions. Other institutions. Total. Government instituti ns. Aidert institutions. Totul. Other institutions. Private students. DIT181038. Compoting schools. Huccessful schools, Competing schools. Sucessful schools. (toverineut institutions, Aided iustitutions. Other institutions. Private students. Pirst division. Srcond division. Third division, First division, Second division. Thril division. First division. Second division, Third division. First division. Srcoral divinuun. Third division. First division. Second division. Third diVINION. Muhomrdans, Nindus. Total. Others. 211 131 141 100 Presidency 15 13 179 85 1 21 5 199 10 ER 1+ ... 5 14S 574 773 23 165 375 21 22 111 4 4 24 ... - 0 Calcutta 1+ 1 8 33 6 8 2 ... 12 3 8 6 9 2 €8 -- Burdwan 21 20 13+ 2012 182 283 $59 141 19 2 132 173 31 662 11 197 49 86 311 3: 17 91 200 35 37 --- OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Rajshahse 18 3113 15 108 74 41 110 #59 16 191 16 12 1 63 10 17 69 10 et ... SO 1 55 I Dacca 271 10 230 213 18 183 919 20 674 19 126 87 16 94 65 965 19+ 152 83 157 423 . M. .00 1 -- 17 271 20 de 136 38 2 8 11 192 8 1 101 19 Chittagong... 10 79 98 65 SO 2 370 6 4 63 ... 101 Patna 119 93 7,14 200 32 31 33 SO 31 16 24 16 72 73 1 I 10 45 9 24 116 ... 33 13 177 410 5 *** Bhagalpore 57 85 14 12 19 6 26 1 67 74 1 41 18 32 212 5 12 1.1 1 SO 1 37 6 8 23 ChotA Vagnore 13 39 53 11 30 17 16 1! 30 16 26 5 10 18 115 0 6 II. .... Oriss. 14 64 86 19 37 80 103 86 73 33 11 33 91 23 18 275 53 39 18 6 Do. Tributary Mebels 2 10 19 7 9 10 2 2 1 1 5 ... 1 S 33 1 .. . ... ... 103 701 Total 153 80 89 1,145 915 712 212 2,767 303 783 155 $43 20S 167 238 2,3115 4,565 SNR 12 77. Su 15 4+ 2 80 973 1,113 2,529 2,529 X.B. - 259 middle Enxlish schon sent 11p 734} .lates to this armination, and 59: candidates from 225 schools were successful. Twenty amalgamuated high Euglish clois surat tip 193 con dates to this cxamination, anu liv calidi tates from 30 sr!!cols We'rr successful. 47 NOIIV.).103 HECONDARY ·48 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR NKLONDARY EDUCATION, 112. T'he number of competing institutions was 1,145, against 998 in the preceding year. The number of successful schools was 915 against 798. Again, out of 4,565 candidates (including private candidates) 2,529 passed the examination, against 2,379 out of 4,482 in the year before. The results therefore show an advance over those of the previous year. The increased success of schools at the middle vernacular scholarship examination is partly due to the circumstance that 259 middle English schools and 20 amalgamated high schools sent up 921 candidates, of whom 692 passed. The care with which middle English schools prepare pupils for the vernacular scholarship examination is a proof that the vernacular constitution of these schools is now fully understood. 113. Since each class of schools sends candidates to both the middle examinations, the two sets of results may be conveniently combined. The following tables accordingly show the progress of middlo schools generally for the last two years: 1884-85. CLABA OP SCRCOLS. PASSED AT THE Number of candidates. M. K. Examination. M. V. Examinution. Total panned. Middle English veruacular 3,027 4,613 623 31 736 2,379 1,359 2,410 Totul 7,640 654 3,116 3,769 1885-86. 569 pu. Middle English vernacular 2,048 4,608 682 2,629 1,151 2.550 Total ... 6,656 590 3,111 3,701 As explainod elsewhere, the number of candidates was smaller by 884 than in the previous year, when the session consisted of 17 months; but the number of successful candidates was 3,701 against 3,769, or only 68 behind. The result is therefore quite satisfactory.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 49 114. V.-PRIMARY EDUCATION. The statistics of primary schools for native boys are given below:- Upper Primary Schools. 1 RIMARY EDUCATION. 1885-86. 1884.85. Schools, Pupils. Schools. Pupils. 22 6 753 201 20 6 712 176 Tinder public management - Maintained by the department Ditto by municipal boards Under private management Aided by the dopartment or by municipal boards Unaided 2,613 96,903 2,868 2,976 78 79 109,771 2,678 .. Total 2.720) 100,716 3,080 113,336 U. ... Lower Primary Schools. Under putlic management - Maintained by the department 8 Ditto by municipul boasils 20 Under private management.- Aided by the department or by municipal boards 56,885 Upaided 5,947 162 489 9 20) 121 473 ពិ 1,042,239 78 985 40,032 7,602 809,116 116,451 .. Totul 6,2.800 1,121,816 47,1:23 986,160 GBAND TOTAL 65,680 1,22,580 50,703 1,099,496 .. 115. There is a loss of 14,877 schools and 123,084 pupils. The schools have declined from 65,580 to 50,703, or by 22.6 per cent., and their pupils from 1,222,580 to 1,099,496, or by less than 10 per cent. As explained in a foregoing paragraph, this loss in schools and pupils is due to the exclusion from our returns of all patshalas that have less than 10 pupils each, or that have been in existence for less than six months. The fact that the percentage of loss in schools is much greater than that in pupils, shows that weak and sinall patshalas are no longer allowed to swell the returns and divert the attention of the subordinate inspecting staff from institutions in which improvement may reasonably be hoped for. The loss is greatest in the Patna Division, but is more or less shared by all the other divisions except the Presidency Division and the town of Calcutta, which show a small increase. The matter will be more fully discussed further on; but here it may be noticed that upper primary schools, which mark the highest point as yet reachod in primary education, show a gain of 360 schools and of 12,621 pupils. The average number of pupils in a primary school varies from 15 in Orissa and 16 in the Bhagulporo Divisions to over 27 in the Presidency and Chota Nagpore. Calcutta is exceptional, with 54 pupils to each school. It is intended next year to call for a return showing the number of patshalas with (1) 50 and more pupils, (?) 40 and under 50, (3) 30 and under 40, (4) 20 and under 30, (5) 10 and under 20. 116. The following stutonient shows the proportion of boys actually ut school in the different districts as compared with the number of boys of school-going age, taken at 15 per cent. of tho male population, as in England NI'NDER OF BOTH AT HOI0OL. T'KALCENTAGE OPLOTAT. NUMBER OF BOSS AT HIO (1. DISTRICT. MAJA population. Number of boys of walioolkuing aften. Year 1SSA. Yesur 1885-80. Yoar 1884.03. You 1x.)-80 05 67 63 ... 67 51 47 5.4 46 ... .. 427 ... llowrah Honghly Tipperau Culiitto Monhhully Cuttack Bulusore Burdwan Midnaporo Backergungo 2-Perkumuha Bankoors Poorte Dacca C'hittagoriks Furreed pro Beerbhoorn Khulau Singbhoomi Jossore Myinensing Muorabedabad Bogra Puuna Patna 316,470 488,9352 770,8113 288,917 416,248 819,264 461,461 668,295 1,241,274 973, 479 976,490 607,130 4415,600 1,033,863 031,149 806,989 881,5033 308,402 220,681 779,808 1,863,897 BH, 483 372,677 0:48,311 858,743 47, 172 78,943 115,684 48,303 62,287 127.388 60,210 100,241 180,641 14t1,092 1-40,816 78,070 (50,901 165,079 79,747 120,898 67,234 85,200 84,00% 116,071 233,000 87,072 06,002 17,247 128,817 20,469 42,515 61,372 11), 157 38,66+ 63,411 35,644 44,082 78,794 73,7:50 62,780 83,100 21,448 02,941 39,300 49,292 10,520 25,000 10,540 82,875 78, 19 19,619 12,027 21,816 81,000 27,731 40,14 02,838 22,032 31,413 02,9107 33,081 46,202 83,809 07.8550) 60,221 31,970 261,418 68,615 29,174 40,6-20 17.885 27,188 9,571 31,6118 61,464 20,204 11.456 19.026 23,714 500 43 433 36 1) ... .. 10. 3. 31 30 80 37 36 33 31 31 ... ... ... ... ... .. . . 33 ... 2: ...

·50 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR LIMARY NUMBER OF BOYN AT SCHOOLN. PERCENTAGR OF TOTAL NUMBER OF BOTS AT MCHOOL. RICATION. DISTRIOT. Mule popalation. Number of boys. of schoolgoing ago. Yener 1884-85. Your 1886-86, Year 188-85. Yenr 1885-SA, 18 17 .. .. 1.+ .. .. . ... .. 10 15 20 14 12 18 18 11 17 . ... .. Malduh Rujahahye Nudden Monkhyr Manbhoom Chumparın Sonthal Perkunnghe Rungporu Julpaigori Bhaba bad Bhagulpore Darjeeling Ibinakopore Gyu Purnonb Loturdukru 8111111 Vurbhunga #naribagh Moszufferporo Chittusong Hill Tracts 848,998 0+30), 220 9A5,248 959, 1:4 525,928 870,627 785,830 1,0157,701 806,666 450,260 979,119 88,048 782,202 1,043,4+1 37,000 7890,6557 1,043,65835 1,205,788 514,903 1,243,781 50,56 52,050 99,034 197,787 146,989 78,799 130,604 117,700 100,155 45,8:38 142,638 146,868 13,342 117,814 161,610 140,502 111,449 162,533 294,865 81,735 189.800) 10,810 18,430 38,219 20,624 21,783 16,709 18,024 22,147 6,018 24,762 21,997 1,589 18,560 20,517 14,257 16,366 22,781 37,081 8,007 20,012 422 9,742 16,860 82,115 20,892 11,818 17,5 12 10,219 19,508 5,554 17,999 18,811 2,018 13,267 18,283 10,374 13,781 18,449 20,183 8,878 11,00 3832 .. . 13 18 12 12 12 12 12 IL 11 11 11 11 D .. 11 12. 16 10 12 14 ... .. 1. 10 10 10 8, 4:3 .. 3 117. In the preceding year Noakholly and Hooghly headed the list with 57 per cent. of their boys at school; Ilowrah was second with 55 per cent. ; Tipperah third with 53 per cent ; Balasore fourth with 51 per cent. ; and Backergungo fifth with 50 per cent. The districts of Cuttack, Burdwan, Calcutta, Chittagong, Bankoora, 24.Pergunnahs, Midnapore, and Dacca formed the next group with 40 to 44 per cent. ; Furrodporo, Pooroe, Beerbhoom, Mymensingh, Khulna, and Sinybloom had betweon 30 and 39 por cent. ; Jessore, Patna, Moorshedabad, Pubna, Bogra, Monghyr, and Maldah had 'rom 20 to 28 per cent, The lowest place in the serios was occupied by Shahabad, Rajshahiye, Gya, Nuddoa, the Sonthal Pergumahs, Sarun, Bhagulpore, Manbhoom, Rungpore, Dinagopore, Chumparun, Lohardugga, Darjeeling, Julpaigori, Durbhanga, Mozufferporo, Purneah, and Hazaribagh, with between 10 and 17 per cent. Howrah now occupios the first placo in the list, and is closely followed by Hooghly, Tipperalı, Calcutta and Noakholly with 50 per cent. and nioro of their boys at school. The districts of the Orissa Division continue to occupy a high place. Those at the bottom of the list are Dinagopuro, Gya, Purnoall, Lohardugga, Sarun, Durbhunsa, Hazaribagh, Mozufferpore, and the Chittagong llill Tracts. Rockoned by divisions, Burdwan, Chittagong and Orissa stund on a close equality at the houd of the list, with from 4633 to 465 per cent. of possible boy-pupils at school; Dacca follows with 30, and the Presidency Divisiou with: 29 por cent. ; last conie Kajshahye, Chota Nagporo, Bhayulporo, and Patna in that order, with from 15 to 12 per cout. 118 The following table shows the attendance and exponditure in Government and aided primary schools for native boys: Altendance and crpenditure in schools of primary instruction for natir boys during 188:7-86. EXPENDITURE. Nowbar OLANA OF H200 1.8. Number of Avrh pupils on Iverage numins 011 the rolly the rolls claule atten- On 31 (til<!e. Miri Ixti. monthly #chools. Coverii Iletit. Local sources, Totul. Rn. R. Rx, lipper Primary Muintanieri ly the Department Dito by Municipal Boarele Audler by tho Departmont or liy Municipal ! Boards 712 175 8113 192 453 36 1,11513 3933 076 2,39+ 476 .... 2,974; 109,771 100,985 81,000 1,61,147 1,48,462 3.400,638 ... Tood 33,002 110,45% 101,850 81,598 1,03,139 1,80,0013 3,529, 702 121 472 128 191) HO 185 76 21) Loreer Primary Mantuins hy the prepartment Ditto hy Municipal Bourdia Amed lıg the Departmont or by Municipal Bourds Totul 68 1,520 864 1,520) ... +0,082 013,693 4,19,807 .. 18,58,90) 808,116 409,70.3 771,376 77:9,129 8783,079 14,38,728 14,40,301 M1,001 1143,874 18,60,00+ 1,20,0US 6,89,742 GRANJ) TUTAI, 49,063 GRU,807 720,412 10,29,804 22,13,1WX: 119. The Government expenditure was Rs. 5,83,742, and the expenditure from local sources Rs. 16,29,864. The average income of an upper primary school (including the Government grant) was Rs. 117 a year, and of a lower primary school Rs. 46. It will be understood that these figures refer only to the fee-income of the teachers, excluding payments made in kind (now more. common in lower thuu in upper primary schools), and also excluding income ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 51 PRIMARY BDICATI). from other sources such as land. The share paid hy Government amounted to Rs. 54 in an upper and 'Rs. 10-8 in a lower primary school. It is obvious that with so small a Government subsidy we can neither keep a very strong hold on the schools, nor effect any great improvement in their character. We have them in hand, and that is something. They do not go back; and with the attontion paid to them they even slowly rise, as is shown by the increasing nun.ber of pupils reading printed books, and of those that pass the lower primary scholarship examination. Still, the position of the teachers must be matorially improved if we are to look hereafter for any solid improvement in the quality of the teaching. This, however, is a financial problem of such magnitude that it can only be alluded to in this place. The District and Local Boards now about to come into existence will have to devote their attention to it at some early day. 120. A further analysis of the district returns of primary grant exponditure shows that 3,550 schools with 106,050 pupils were aided by stipends only, amounting to Rs. 1,27,970 for the year, the average Government expenditure upon each school being about Rs. 36; thut 3,602 schools with 118,454 pupils wero paid Rs. 1,24,585 in stipends and Rs. 44,098 in rewards and other payments, or a total of Rs. 1,68,683, being at the rate of Rs. 47 a school; and that 33,012 schools with 691,462 pupils received in rewards and other payments Rs. 2,73,077 in all, or at the rate of Rs. 8 school There were also 3,863 schools, with 08,326 pupils, which received Rs. 8,503 in sundry little payments, without sending pupils to any departmental or local examination, The average payment to each of these schools was a little more than Rs. 2 a year, chiefly for keeping registers of atten-lance and submitting annual returns. A sum of Rs. 511 was spent on indigenous schools. Miscellaneous payments rose from Rs. 87,647 in the preceding year to Rs. 1,17,482. 'Thoy consist of payments to chief guruz and inspecting pundits, including two sub-Inapoctors in Dinagepore (Rs. 55,131); charges for abolished schools (Rs. 18,111); contributions to circle and other schools (Rs. 6,402); charges for conducting examinations (Rs. 11,351); contingncios contingncios and miscellaneous building and furnishing grauts (Rs. 6,993); scholarships (Rs. 3,631); commission on money orders (Rs. 1,123); rewards (Rs. 948). The following summary gives the principal beads of charge:- Rs. Stipendiary schools 2,96.053 Non-stipendiary schools 2,81,580 Indigonous 511 Prizos 33,421 Subordinate inspecting agency 55,131 Other payments 62,351 a ... ... ... ... 0. Total 7,29,650 As the total primary grant was Rs. 7,45,000, there was a saving of about Rs. 15,000. The difference between the figures now given and thoso given in a precoding paragraph is oxplained by the fact that expenditure on girls' schools and middle schools aided from the primary grant is included in one statement and not in the other. It may be stated in this place that 228 primary schools for boys with 7,812 pupils, chiefly under missionary management, receive grants from the grant-in-aid 'allotment, aggregating Rs. 16,092 a year. Again, 152 upper primary and 18 lower primary schools, with 6,070 pupils, received during the year Rs. 14,351 from the grant for circle schools. 121. The following table shows the existing distribution of the primary grant: DIVISIONB. Schools. Pupils. Grint for 1885-86, Rs. R. ... Presidency Calcutta Burdwan Rajshahye Dacca Chitagong Patna Bhagulpore Chota Nagpuro Orissa Do. Tributary Mehals ... 4,039 165 8,798 3,1146 7,488 4,101 5,136 1,102 1,291 6,100 101 115,98 7.313 211,074; 70,244 106,552 106,380 106,528 74,161 38,161 87,747 1.604 86,700 7,7010 3,24,2007 77.100) 96,000) fiti, 90) 1,11,200 (x,100) 47,000 ... ... ... ... I. 59.200 . G 2 ·52 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR PRIMARY ED''CATION, These figures include all schools of different classes, middle, upper, and lower primary, both for boys and girls, that received assistance from the primary grant. The assignments for the divisions of Rajshahye, Patna, Bhagulpore, and Chota Nagporc are on a more liberal scale than those for more advanced parts of Bengal. Again, tho town of Calcutta receives more in proportion to the number of its pupils, because many of the gurus have to make provision for house-rent-an item which involves no expense in the mofussil. 122. In the following table are shown the financial results of the administration of the primary grant for each district :- Primary grant for 1885.86. wym Cost per DISTRICTA. Expendi. ture. Allotmont. Schools. DIVISION. Pupils. Cont per pupil in AnnAN. school in газреев. Rs. Rs. 108 ... 24- L'ergunnahs Jsor Moorshedabad Khulna Nudite 25,000 14,30% 11,H) 11.800 18,100 26,677 18,:,00 11,970 14.800 10,082 1,000 $71 0+5) 922 011 PRESIDEKCY 87,819 23,800 14,007 28,-410) 10,270 234 21" 21.7 16 20.3 12:44 10:1 188 ... Total 80,700 $0,435 4,039 115,086 219 11.) Calcutta 105 7,7001 ... 40.6 ... 7,700 ... 7,819 1158 .. ... a. (Burdwar. Bankrors Bierbhrom ..? | Airliin poro Hooghly i Howiah 24,100 18,300 $1.81.0 41,4430 11,200) 11,400 21,0998 18.043 1,001) 41,398 199,003 11,628 1,312 1,187 098 3,706 1,179 716 BI'RIWAN 40,00015 28,270 16,201 73,170 $0,133 179 15% 138 11:1 101 101 1002 9'5 9:01 301 804 L 22,937 Total 1,14,200 1,23,703 8,748 211.570 14: ... ... Dinnzepore Rajshahve Runktora Borrc Puisi I Darjeeling Julukor Darjeeling Torni 14,100 16,600 18,310 K, 100 1:3,600 :3,000) 4,500 Uix) 12,327 133,734 10, +91 8,100 13,500 1.772 4,600 000 621 6,07 701 304 638 RAJUHAUTE 10,5:36 1+,171 19,373 9,1:12 16,-361 450 3,967 370 296 2005 305 200 21'3 2313 251 18.7 25'5 171 1+1189 13+ 179 2:3 181 25.9 ... Total 74,000 71,128 3,048 233 10) 15:01 Јасен Furroydpora Buckerrure Mymensinghe 21,4110) 711,3010 203, 100 28,500) TICCA 24,830 10,122 213, 100 8,102 1,000 1,505 , 1:3 2,020 20,404 30.031 61,828 17,2899 218 107 107 08 Total 90,000 93,85 7. 188 105,5.52 1:28 .. ("hittagon Xowkholly Tippruh 17,6.00 194,0500 291,700 CITTAGONG 13,308 1X,111 291,677 052 1,1%!) 2,650 20,019 27,759 67,683 21:33 10 11.3 126 1(1+ X'2 Tot 41 (30,5X30) 053,096 ... 4,601 105,840 11'1 96 114 . . 19.721 113,119 PAINA l'u111 liyat Shuhahad Sul'un Chumpurun Moznterpore Durblunkil 201,000 13,300 1.6,7(11) 13,700 13,530100 17, 100 16,000 18,97 1,19 11,277 12,119 1:3,712 19,00 10,044 1,057 Seni 810 592 R27 3818 659 188 173 136 2015 16:15 21.6 24-3 14,838 10,222 10,0:1 16,002 121 131 1.1+ 2016 171 ... Total 1,11,200 101,178 11, 136 100,628 180 151 .. BIAGIF.IOKB r! Bhugulporn longlyr l'urnen 21:load Sonthou Pergündelik 15,600 1:0.300 141,7070) 4,100 211,00* 11,017 19,533 10,5x3 7,71M) 17,644 1,079 7,274 1919 2017 025 18,0,311 21,800 15,1965 titis 13,4585 120 153 11 291 283 19 153 109) 180 200 . ... Total ... 76.500) 61,5997 4,102 71,161 10.7 16'01 30'9) 218 CHOTA YAPORE 11x29ribagh Joburdugun Ningliliom Mmiibowo 12:00 14,161) 9,110 11,000 18,185 11,115 9,094: 11,607 278 940 211 4152 0,826 10, 2018 1,918 11,079 47:4 41.5 431 231 167 - TO Total 47,000 48,0XX .. 1,291 38,161 37.1 2001 ... I.. (ORIUS (utnok More Balla ore 27,300 12,400) 14,6.10 18,899 12,130) 14,173 2,031 1,097 1,073 49,219 18.913 20,100 98 11:3 178 9:15 108 151 II - Total 39,00 Efti, +72 6,1080) 87,747 118 11:0 ... Orissa Tributary Melials 2,7-10 1,680 1001 1,004 10'6 1.8 ... ... * Including ky, (1,400 for the Daminer-koh portion of the Santial Pergunulis. 13. The average for Bengal being Rs. 13•6 for each school and 9.5 amas for ench pupil annually, tho cost of a school ranges from Rs. 136.3 in Darjeeling to Rs. 9.8 in Cuttack. The exceptionally high figuro for the former ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 53 PRIMARY EDUCATION. district is due to the small number of schools at work in the hills, chiefly among the children of tea-coolies, and the high salary that has to be paid to the teachers employod in them. Hazaribagh, Calcutta, Singbhoom, and Lohardugga forin the next group of costly districts, the smallness of the fcc-rccoipts in Chota Nagpore and the necessity of providing for house-rent in Calcuttu rendering nocessary incroased contributions from Government. Maldah, the Sonthal Pergunnahs, Bogru, Nuddea, and tho Darjeoling Terai cost between Rs. 26 and Rs. 29 a year. The other districts call for no special notico. The original estimate of the average cost of a primary school was Rs. 50 a year in Sir J. P. Grant's schemo of 1860, and it is certain that, if account be taken of the rise in wages and the increased cost of living, at loast an equal sum is necessary in the present day. 124. UPPER PRIMARY SCHOOLS.-Thesc schools have advanced from 2,720 with 100,715 pupils to 3,080 with 113,336, giving an increase of 360 schools and 12,621 pupils. The increase is most marked in the Dacca, Burdwan, Chittagong, and Presidency Divisions, but all the divisions have shared in it. Culcutta has lost one and tho Orissa Tributary Mchals four schools of this class. Out of 50,703 primary schools for boys, 3,080 are returned as having attained the upper primary standard l; in other words, ono out of overy 16 is an upper primary school. The steady increase in tho number of those institutions furnishes ground for the hopo expressed two years ago, that at no distant day about 5,000 schools of this class would bo entered on our returns. It may be predicted with somo confidence that, unless the process of houlthy development now going on be froin any cause arrested, the limit above assigned will be reached in about five years more. To render the instruction in these schools more practical, the subject of simple mensuration has, with the approval of Government, been added to the upper primary scholarship standard. It must always be borne in mind that these schools form no part of the system of secondary instruction, but simply aim at carrying primary instruction to a point bigher than that of an ordinary patshala. As stated in a previous report, These schools teach nearly up to the fifth standard of an elementary school in England, tho sixth and seventh English standards being of a decidedly higher character, and coinciding with tho lower stages of what in Bengal would be called secondary instruction. The increasing popularity of these schools is noticed by the district as well as by the inspecting officers, and they are gradually occupying in outlying villages the position once held by middle vernacular schools. Occasionally, however, it is stated that “a policy of repression persistently followed" has had a disastrous effect on upper primary schools. As the true character of these institutions is better undcrstood, this “policy” will ceaso to influence the decisions of those who now aro or hereafter may be entrusted with tl e administration of the primary grant. 125. Upper Primary Scholarship Erumination.-The results of the examination of 1886 for boys are tabulated below for each division :- ·EDUCATION, PRIMARY l'oper Primary Scholurship E.cumination for boys, 1886. 54 XTYDER OP INSTITUTIONS BESDING ESAYINEES. NEUBER OF EXAXISERS. NEXBRB PABBBD. RACE OR CRRBD OP PASSRD SCHOLARS. 1 Government institutions. Aided institutions. Other institutions. Total. Governsent institutions. Aided institutions. Other Private institutions. students. Total. IIFISIONS. Competing uchirils. Nuceyfaful wchools. Competin schools. Successful school, Coinpelink schools. Successful solls. Coinpeting schools. Successful schools. Government institutionn. Aired institutions. Other institutions. Privato students. First division. Second division. Third division. First division, Second division. Third division. First division, Bocond division, Third division. Firat division. Second division, Third division. First division. Second division. Third division. Mahoniodans, Hiodu.. Total. Otbers. 677 204 18 651 219 204 158 92 98 151 Presidency ... 158 168 870 A 1 1 1 Calcutta 4 1 1 1 1 ... .4 . .. 2 2 Burdwan 301 389 16 845 1,558 21 100 375 53 1,757 809 6 191 174 726 286 6 S 17 328 8 16 *** 834 242 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR Rajshahye. 11 81 219 861 85 144 SA 81 169 18 590 143 18 1, 11 219 i 15 , 18 -- 10 317 15 453 Decca 711 1,327 539 67 1,841 89 213 832 56 103 3 1 17 27 72 315 1 16 877 SLE 363 114107 88 1 1 ! 216 171 187 87 Chittagong 813 8 214 59 216 238 10. 19 10 6 13 5+ 1 108 NO 67 255 267 86 Patna 1 250 S7 1 259 676 70 211 20 14 143 83 8 12 2 7 70 159 1 204 Bhagalpore 20% 465 711 1861 : 9 201 25 160 83 2 8 89 63 30 . Clota Nagprire 3 3 I 81 138 89 156 11! 12 24 16 3 5 2 8 13 6 33 27 --- 156 Orissa 7 136 143 163 4611 ITS 7 341 + 28 156 99 HI 6 i 110 6 83 he 23 Do. Tributary Mehals 69 24 1 30 13 21! 19 69 78 5 647 1,971 11.774 Total 431 49 52: 2,374 3,586 1,610 671 199 2,575 1,394 6,897 411 20; 2 7,61 21 61 3 545 1,552 11,418 40 104 126 21 54 124 627 4,092 260't ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 55 PRIMARY EDUCATION. Candidates for the upper primary pass certificato from secondary schools have been excluded from the forogoing statement. Out of 2,575 competing schools 1,804 were successful, against 2,024 and 1,223 respectively in the preceding year. Of 7,961 candidates, 4,092 passed the examination, In the previous year 2,953 out of 6,002 candidates were successful. A large advance has therefore been made during the year under review. 126. LOWER PRIMARY SCHOOLS. These schools have declined from 62,860 to 47,623, and their pupils from 1,121,865 to 986,160. The loss is shared by all the divisions except the Presidency Division and the town of Calcutta, and is distributed as follows:-Patna Division 5,647 schools and 41,721 pupils; Bhagulpore 3,080 schools and 14,941 pupils; Dacca 2,854 schools and 49,288 pupils ; Orissa 1,793 schools and 1,317 pupils; Burdwan 650 schools and 542 pupils ; Chittagong 534 schools and 12,603 pupils; Rajshahye 211 schoola and 8,413 pupils ; and Chota Nagpore 122 schools and 3,662 pupils. Tho Orissa Tributary Mehals lost 420 schools and 2,765 pupils. Tho loss in pupils is hoaviest in the Dacca and Chittagong Divisions, while Burdwan and Orissa have lost more schools than pupils—in other words, thoir schools are better attended than in the previous year. The opinions of district officers are practically unanimous in support of the change that has been made in gotting rid of the lower fringe of aided primaries. Referring to tho loss in schools, the Magistrate of Bankoora agrees with the Deputy Inspector in thinking that it is confined to bogus or ephemoral schools. Mr. II. S. Beadon, Magistrato of Dinagepore (in which, as in other districts of the Rajshahye Division, stipends were largely prevalent) says that “the large reduction in the number of schools and pupils was to 1,3 expected, partly on account of the exclusion of all schools having less than 10 boys, and partly from the introduction of the paymont-byresult systein. Small schools and idlo pupils aro no longer pleasant objects to a tencher; whereas before, a salary camo whother work was done or not. Teachers could readily be found to undertake a small school, and they were callous as to the progress of their pupils.” Mr. Mr. Wyer, the Magistrate of Dacea, referring to the large decrease in schools and pupils, is of opinion that the rules recently introduced have stopped the growthi of mushroom patshalas which used to spring up before the reward examination. The Magistrate of Backurgunge is of opinion that the loss of schools is not a matter of regret, as those institutions which are of some importance or use to the community are still under the control of the Department Mr. Marindin, the Magistrate of Mymensingh, attributes the decrease in schools to the increased strictness with which the reward examinations have been conducted ; to the simultaneous holding of the examination in every part of tho district, which prevented the appearance of the same candidates at different contros; to the exclusion of schools having loss than 10 pupils; and lastly, to the discontinuance of the reward allowed to the model or chief guru in proportion to the sums earned by the subordinate gurus in liis circle. The Magistrate of Durbhanga attributes the loss of schools to the exclusion of a great number of worthlese season schools from the calculations of the year. Mr. Bolton, the Magistrate of Gya, agrees in the propriety of excluding schools with less than 10 pupils from the returns, as most of them are of little or no educational valuo. These opinions, it will be soon, are liable to modification when the results of the lower primary examination come to be considered. 127. The following statement shows the distribution of lower primary schools for boys in ench division during the past two years :- 1884-85, 1%-wi. ... .. ... Presidoncy Calcutia Burdwan Rajshahye Dacca Chittagong Patna Bhagulpore Chota Nagporo Orissa Do. Tributary Mehals Saluxoln, 4,101 109 9,432 3,112 11.225 4,9149 11,199 7,043 1,4417 9.137 1,08t; Pupils. 116.270 3,815 199,613 72,219 23.,187 116,488 143,980 78.737 40,003 115,336 12,621 Sohols. 4,173 ill 8,80X) 2,901 8,371 4,415 5,502 3.963 1,345 7,344 066 Pupils. 114.738 5,90 199.38.4 63.80i 171.M!!!! 10.30 1112.31 6.1.780 36,941 ]]4.013 9,856 ... .. ... ... ... Total 02.870) ... .. 1.121,865 17.641 986.173 ·EDUCATION. PRIMARY 128. Lower Primary Sch 'arship Examinativil.— The following table gives the results for each division :- Lower Primary Scholarship Eramination for Boys, 1886. 56 SEMBER OP INSTIT CT1033 SENDING BXAMINEF8. SCYBER OF ELAMISRES. NrYBER PASSED. RACE OR CBOED OP PASSED SCUOLARS. Goremment institutions. Aided institutions. nther institutions, --- Total, Government institutions. Aided institutions, Other institutions. Private students. Total. Trijnt. Computing schools. Competing schools. Successful schools. Aided institutions. Other institutions. Private students. First divisiou. Second division. Thirl division. First division. Secon divisinn. Thril division. First division. Second division. T'liri division. First division. Sorond division. Third division. First division. Second division. Third divisiou. Malomedung, Hindus. Total, Otbera. 714 2.11.56 299 191 255 337 299 3877 200 Presidency ... 10. . .. . .. . 11 ... . ... (alentin e ... . ... ... ... .. REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR Burdwan 1.466 2.049 1, i 2,045 14 1,677 220 1,176 1,026 1,235 3,693 31, 94 53 1,517 1,180 1,290) 4 1. ... 1,02 ୭ + 1.049 ...is 11 3.013 578 790 .... 594 791 606 Rajshahre 779 ... .. 1.337 1,917 4,118 998 6 291 Srti 5 14 1 Dacca 346 12 361 1,551 448 466, 1,140 od 475 1,163 D . . - 678 3ng 313 2! 2.5941 17 3 Chittagning. 319 7 312 $58. 244 ... ... ... 1,826 1,485 1.8:6 Patna 1.495 9,+29 :9,133 790 1,835 2,639 790 1,835 2,64 ... 4,761 506 U 1,083 1,00 637 057 3,670 10 151 3,831 343 68% Bhagalpore 27 14 20 875 1,091 4191 704 135 .. . 576 150 555 1,530 1.335 1 351 1 414 233 415) Chota Nagpore 802 233 54 $58 146 ... to . .... 1,855 1,094 1 1,357 Orissa 1,1.95 12 4.733 to 57 942 2,201 949 8,093 2.198 ... ... 32 59 82 101 32 Do, Tributary Mehals 28 120 158 306 22 171 58 12 39 40 101) 13 10 .. . I.. : Total 7.513 83 2010,679 51 10,794 7, S7 16! 27.56 230 391 32, H3 16,841 24 16 6,577 7,177 5,523, 18 56 48 63 110 79 6,992 7,370' 5,666 299 2,943 ... 20,018 20,018 ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 57 M.MK EDITATION 129. In the previous year 43,410 pupils competed from 11,406 schools, and 21,500 from 8,129 schools were successful. T'here is, therefore, a decrease of 612 competing and 542 successful schools, and of 4,967 candidatos and 1,482 successful students. The percentage is better than in the previous year; but still it must be admitted that the small schools excluded under the new system contained many pupils who wero qualified to pass the lower primary examination, and who have now lost the advantage of that incentivo to progress which the oxamination supplied. This is a fact the inportance of which must not be overlooked ; and tho unfavourable results of the last examination cannot, in my opinion, be explained (as some have endeavoured to explain it) by changes in the system of examination tonding to increased strictness. We must accept the fact that primary education during the past year has received a check, from which we may novertheless hope that it will again recover. The advantage of concentrating effort and limiting tho area of operations is undoubted with our present limited agency ; but there is no use in disguising from ourselves the fact that in a large part of Bengal we have been compelled to part with control over good and promising educational material. The decline is not, however, universal. There has been no loss in the Presidency, Burdwan, Rajshahye, and Chota Nagpore Divisions, which, in fact, show some increase in the number of successful candidates. In the Dacca Division there was a docrease of 1,959 cxaminees and of 914 successful candidates. In the Chittagong Division only 673 candidates passed, aguinst 1,336 in the preceding year. In these divisions for the first time the same question papers were set for all districts alike (except Noakholly) by examiners appointed by the Inspector. The result was a large decrease in the number and proportion of successful candidates in nearly every district, the failures lying chiefly in the subjects of subhankari and mental arithmetic. In the latna Division the candidates declined from 13,016 to 9,429, and the number of sucoessful scholars from 6,867 to 5,263. In the Bhagulpore Division 3,680 candidates appeared against 4,388, and 1,437 were successful against 1,921 in the preceding year. No explanation is given of this loss, but the Inspector expresses a strong opinion in favour of a uniform exanination for all districts in a division or circle. In Orissa there was a loss of 138 successful candidatos, confined to the districts of Poorco and Balasore, the latter of which is declared to be exceptionally backward in primary education. Calcutta has no primary scholarships, either for boys or for girls, -an omission which steps will be taken to remedy. 130. The following statenfent compares the results of the lower primary scholarship examination for the last nine years : YEARS. Competing schools. Successful schools Candidates. Number passed. .. .. .. ...... ... ...... 1877-78 1878-79 1879.80 1880-81 1881-82 1882-83 1883-84 1884-85 1885-86 4,471 6,053 7,620 7,887 8,283 10,387 10,979 11,4136 10,794 12,985 16,910 24,16:3 26,293 29,368 38,798 411.706 43,410 38,413 5,647 7,965 11,354 13,951 16,131 16,852 20,011 21,500 20,018 ... .. ... 8,129 7,189 131. The following statement is useful as comparing the distribution of upper and lower primary schools in each division with the number of successful candidates at the corresponding examinations :- l'ansen Upper primary hools. Lower primary schools. חזון אינו I'nR44 111 lower pinly 1111:111107 c'muniwlion. 106 86:3 .. ... !111 3,917 1,38.7 1,999) ... ... Presidency Burdwan Kajuhanye Dacea Chittagong l'atna Bhagulporo Chotn Nagpore Orissa Urissu Tributary Mehals 455 619 288 477 206 323 317 73 227 33 4,1733 8,7*2 2,901 8,371 4,416 5,552 3,963 1,345 7,3 0166 930 788) 107 190 91 319 61 ... ... .. .:2017 1.19S 1,6013 3,150 181 ... ... .. ... Total ... 3078 4,090) 47,513 201,018 ) ·58 REPORT OY THE DIRECTOR PRIMARY EDUCATION The striking variations which these results show are due in varying and indeterminate degrees to differencesin the quality of the schools and differences in the standard of examination. Thus, it is probable that the upper primary schools of the Chittagong Division are more advanced than those of Patna; while the remarkable divergence in the results of the lower primary examination for the same two divisions may more reasonably be explained by a higher or lower standard of examination. It has already been noticed that a uniform examination has been introduced into the districts of Eastern Bengal, and that the Irspector urges the introduction of the same system into Behar. Uniformity of examina. tion generally means increased strictness and a higher standard. 132. There is still some difference of opinion among inspecting officers on the question whether the subjects of subbankari and zemindari and mahajani accounts are neglected in patshalas of organised instruction. Babu Brahma Mohan Mallick, Inspector of the Western Circle, believes that boys do not remain long enough in primary schools to master these subjects thoroughly. The Officiating Inspector of the Eastern Circle remarks that at the last primary scholarship oxamination held in his circle by means of uniform papers, the failures were chiefly in subhankari and mental arithmetic. He is of opinion that a majority of the new gurus, being ex-pupils of middle schools, cannot teach these subjects properly: The Assistant Inspector of Chota Nagpore admits that the charge is partially true, inasmuch as the Sub-Inspectors, who have beon brought up in secondary schools and colleges, rogard the modern as of more value than the old systems of calculation. The Joint-Inspector of Orissa helieves that the tendency to neglect :he traditional subjects has now in a great measure been overcomo, but that bazar arithmetic is still little cared for. The following table shows the classification of lower primary schools for each division according to the standards attained by them: 133. Statement showing the classification of Lo mer Primary Schools, 1885-86. Number of Thoso that lowor primary Achools that are below the Thono in hond pupils to lower primary which nu printed the lower scholarship books aro primary arbolar- standard, but rend. shin examina rond printed books. tion, Total. NUMBER OF PUPILS PASHED BY TRE Number of Number Jower of primary pupils proschools sented Hraminod for USAfor rewards./ mination. Number of Burcess- DIVISIOXR. schvord. schools. Pupils. schools. Pupils. Bchools. Pupils. Schools. Pupils. First or Necond Any lower higher Total. standard. standard. standard. 427 at 8,804 7,324 718 278 -.. 1,800 49,290 2,692 08,229 1,080 20,897 1,450 42,06:1 1,61% 44,482 2,1345,152 1,621 28,891 650 18,097 1,788 83,676 2,865 71,277 6,181 180,689 1,823 30,098 0.677 125,000 2,892 56,628 2,839 4%,305 1,790 24,850 738 17,809 6.408 78,106 lrusidency Buriwan Rajsnahye Dacos hittagong l'atua Bhagnipore Chotu Nagporo IHNH Do, Tributary Mohals 8 27 48 244 171 1,074 362 67 14€ 171 492 871 4,231 2,847 14,748 0,899 OU: 2,178 4,178 114,788 8,800 199,88+ 2,1%)1 63,800 8,371 171,890 4,416 108,826 6,662 | 102,268 8,969 69.786 1,48 36,941 7,344 114,018 8,818 7,700 4,494 3,600 3,884 0,881 1,620 371 8,083 41,050 68,376 87,044 48,925 46,848 59,501 18,584 4,651 43,609 21,672 28,602 26,510 24,186 10,834 22,825 8,931 2,086 18,432 7,787 9,124 10,840 11,862 9,767 11,129 1,916 1,104 6,492 .. . ... 20,886 37,786 38,164 38,776 26.01 33,008 6,447 3,249 21,924 8,803 3,018 6,805 1,473 287 4,066 ..... .. ....11 .... 199 9,602 980 5,568 198 1,718 086 9,856 401 4,594 393 2,010 489 2,499 ... N. B.-D this statement only boys' lower primary schools and the pupils attending them are shown. The first and second standards are the same for all districts alike, and are the only two standards recognised for purposes of reward below that of the lower primary scholarship. T'hey are as follows: A, or Higher. B, or Lorper. 1. Reading 50 pages of Bodhoday, or an equivalent | 1. Reading a printed primer, such as Sishusiksha, book. Part III, or an equivalent book. 2. Dictation, handwriting, reading, of manuscript 2. Dictation, handwriting, repetition of prose and documents (such as kabuliyats, pottabs, poetry, receipts, and forms of contract); repetition of 3. Tábles of rupees, andas, and pice, maunds and prosc and poetry. seers, &c., with the proper signs after the 3. The first four rules of arithmctic, European pative method. method. 4. Mental arithmetic, after the native method. Weights, measures, wa &c., i.e., snbhankari and bazar accounts after the native method. 5. Mental arithmetic, European and pative method, ·OF FUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 59 PRIMARY EDUCATION. 134. The following statement shows in fuller detail the progress made in establishing primary schools of different classes. I have introduced a system of merit marks to determine roughly the educational position of each district, assigning five marks for each uppor primary school, three marks for each lower primary school that has attained the lower primary scholarship standard, and one mark for each lower primary school that uses printed books. T'hese correspond pretty closely with thù number of years taken by each school to reach its own standard. A school using no printed books roceives no mark. Statement showing the extent of primary education in Bengal, 1885-86. School, which send Upper primary pupils to the lower schools. primary goholar. Ship 63mination. Schools whioh aro below that standurd, but read printed books. Bohools in which Do printed books are reed. Total DISTRIOTS, Merit merke. Schools. Pupile. Schools. Pupils. Hchouly. Pupils. Schools. Pupils. Sohools. Pupils. ..... ..... ... ... 135 73 1.907 1,081 6,4152 0,276 5,444 .. ... 6,755 2,875 2,879 5,583 3,214 4,977 1,785 7,802 1,391 721 1,043 1,316 938 089 683 420 214 197 98 89 144 86 123 78 107 61 128 108 3,877 ...IS Mid nanoro Cuttack Tippernh Mymensingh Kuckergungo Burdwan Pooroo 24-Porgunnahs Halogore Furroodpore Hooghly Ducou Hankoorah Monghyr Bhajulporo Patna Jessore 8,304 2,6556 1,271 2,439 1,704 010 1,219 1,137 1,539 1,601 725 030 7632 859 ..... ...... RE ..118 2,980 2,881 2,880 2,751 2,443 2,388 2,427 13 271 319 183 451 ..... ... .. ...... 120 30 364 ..... ...... 207 3,151 580 118 105 97 00 100 79 88 79 3,992 2,740 2.998 2,6136 1,322 1,717 1,5190 1,5122 1,805 1,278 1,979 1,234 1,231 1,012 1,3:33 447 850) 455 1,123 983 822 839 0193 091 ... €30,0:14 36,725 22,171 40,470 38,549 15,855 17,126 82,790 21,814 24,724 17,972 19,283 10,998 6,199 7,302 6,737 13,216 0,200) 13,081 19,011 5,5082 4, 23 1,949 0,3655 7,743 5,0547 11,152 6,9** 8,181 401 332 6,092 IN 369 507 985 420 301 837 202 197 3:38 75 3156 .. I. 91 .. 16,470 19,8114 34,319 8.951 20,512 19,02% 0.023 11,911 0,889 4,110 8,419 0,050 9,385 0,701 6,076 8,385 9,125 6,220 7,385 4,702 1,835 7,1:35 9,041 7.749 4,783 7,03,5 1, 173 8,031 4,985 5,731 6,4K) 4,198 5,5175 5,100 4,136 3,91 +,705 2,0112 852 66 7929 1,047 183 1,703 3,0:39 1,638 OS 238 12: 45 82,209 61,871 60,859 53.034 80,152 39,835 25,831 62.503 32,8133 36,000365 31,300 3:3,023 29, 130 19.501 17,1.43 22,317 20,334 10,716 24,027 28, +39 16,170 14, 4313 165, 132 16,325 15,323 15,178 19,220 15,089 15,478 10,001 22,781 11,700 12.136 22,115 11,963 10,1510 7.980 11,028 8,910 4,347 2.7.17 3,420 3,788 2,108 3,114 3,239 8,028 2,99:38 1,734 1,202 2,190 2,217 2,539 2,478 1,037 1,711 1,73+ 2,798 2,637 1,5157 1,938 1,710 015 1,031 1,892 1,172 87 60 04 83 ... 10.... 13 2 129 218 SS 1,60) 194 2,883 2,160 1,5*31 1,449 1,768 1,6185 1,15:33 1.001 1,544 1,517 1,534 1,450 1,292 1,28 1,344 1,2,105 1,282 1,2:314 1,238 1,217 1,144 1,83 1,000 8789 .. 40 678 . Kloolua Noakholly Purnarh Shabubad Surun Bourbhoom Rungpore Nudden Durbhunku. Moorsbedabud Southal l'orgunnahs Pulona Howrah Rujuhuhyo Chumparun Chittagong Diueffe facra Momutterporu Mulduh Orinan Tributary Mohanis, Bogru Muubhoom Lonardusu Hilzuribagli Siuzblom Julyvori Darjocling Chittago Hill Traots .... 288 199 3:37 876 237 813 281 3158 380 437 08 36 050) 383 212 01 880 OIBO. 27 192 30 41 60 71 60 40 30 99 23 28 51 33 N74 538 694 013 098 092 820 7385 ... 206 182 18+ 175 211 149 18 20) 200 :,,781 ... 13,314 • 8,9995 5,101 15,205 11,02%3 3,623 1,309) 6,558 2009 13 16 7 133 098 300 133 74 1,736 816 .... 6,%*) B.149 97 24X 253 134 38 10 19 20 13 15 11 1,588 507 1,070 BA 35 457 011 188 1 161 107 90 77 8 1 1,892 5,200 5,03 2,000+ 4,102 2,168 72 130 3,0 I 921 45+ 430 320 203 2110 ev 9.470 10,915 12,089 7,781 0,833 4,481 1,11 100) 801 715 435 411 1,801 100) 108 30 13 15 ...... Nute.-In thus statement boys' schools only have beon shown. of 135. It will be seen that both the quantity, and the quality of instruction have been considered in fixing the position of a district in the foregoing list. Midnapore with its numerous primary schools heads the list, and is closely approached by Cuttack and Tipperah. Mymensingh and Backergungo come noxt in order, boing followed by the next group 10 advanced districts with merit marks ranging between 2,000 and 3,000. The table is an interesting one, as it furnishes a ready means of compuring the progress of one district with that of another, except that it takes no account of their relative size and population. The statement deals with schools for boys only. 136. T'ho tabular statements given in the foregoing paragraphs show in a clear form the progress made by each district and division in respect of primary education. It has therefore been deemed unnecessary to furnish separately the statistical summaries for the different districts. I proceed now to notice some of the important questions discussed in the reports of the Inspectors as well as of the Magistrates. The forms prepared at the conference of Inspectors, held at Darjeeling in June 1884, for tho use of primary schools, were formally approved by Government during the year undur report and prescribed for general adoption. The multiplicity of forms II 2 ·60 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR PRIMAR EDUCATION. ; a previously in use in each district rendered the work of comparison between different districts a matter of no small difficulty; and it was also of the utmost importance to equalise as far as possible for the whole province the various standards of examination for rewards, and to place on a satisfactory footing the system of accounts of primary school expenditure. One effecof the reforms carried out is the exclusion of small ophemeral schools from the returns: the other is the more definite charaeter of the examinations held during the last coid weather. As the control of primary education passes more or less gradually to the District and Local Boards now in course of formation, the forms recently introduced will serve to keep up some degree of uniformity in he system of administration, or at any rate to enable dopartmental officers to compare ono district with another with greater facility. Mr. Bellett deplores the frequent changes in the working of the system of payment by results that have taken place within the last few years. He writes : “Each change of district officer, if the incomer take any interest at all, brings with it a change of system, and in primary education things nover abide in one stay. It would be of the very greatest advantage to primary education if some more general system could be authoritatively introduced, and if in this respect the land could have rest for even ton years." This foregoing remark is entirely in harmony with the experience of other observant officers. 137. Some of the divisional reports discuss the question, to which reference has already been made, of holding the lower primary scholarship examination for all the districts of division by means of the same printed papers. It is quite feasible to carry out this proposal wherever the division has only one vernacular, such as the Presidency, Burdwan, Rajshahye, Dacca, Chittagong, Patna, or Orissa. For Bhagulpore and Chota Nagpore special arrangements would, howovor, be necessary. Mr. Bellott, Inspector of Schools, Rajshalıye Circle, is of opinion that, for purposes of comparison, the examination returns of the different districts are of no value. He says: “The system of examination, marks, results, &c., are arranged each for his own district by the district officer. I am strongly of opinion that this oxamination would be of much more value if it wero oonductod for the wholo division in a manner similar to that in which the examinations for middle English, miedlo vernacular, and uppor primary scholarships are carried out. This unsatisfnotory olomeut has been impressed on othors besides myself; and Mr. Beadon, the Magistrate of Dinagepore, has put forward a scheme for examining successful vandidates at the primary examination of all districts for one valuable scholarship to bo provided for by subscriptions from the primary grant of each district.” The Assistant Inspector of the Bhagulpore Division finds it difficult to judge from the figures supplied of the merit of a district or compare it with that of another, owing to tho diversity that prevails in the questions sot for tho oxamination ; for instance Purnoah, which in other examinations generally stands at the bottom of the list, takes the foremost place in this. It is desirable, therefore, that there should be a greater approach to uniformity in the different distriots in the questions to be set for this oxamination.' The Joint-Inspector of Orissa writes as follows on the same subject : “Making the fullest possible allowance on the score of the variation of standards, it is impossible to account for the very palpable diminuion of competing institutions in Balasore on the above theory. The district, I am afraid, has drifted to a very low position in respect cf the progress of primary education. In Cuttack, where the system of exoluding weak and ephemeral pathsalas from the reward examination has boen longest in operation, thoro was no reason to apprehend a decline in the number of competing schools, and none in fact has taken place. The Deputy Inspector, however, regards the percentage of success as too favourablo, which he attributes to the unduly lenient valuation of answer-papers by some of the examiners." The Assistant Inspector of Chota Nagpore says that- * the lower primary scholarship examination was held in each district at several centres, And was conducted by means of priuted papers set by a board of examiners, consisting of teachers of socondary schools generally, who, in the case of Manbhoom, lazaribagh, and Singbhoom, examined the answer-papers. lo Lohardugga, however, the answers were examined and marks awarded on the spot, as in the previous yoar, by the centre officers who were either sub-inspectors or teachers of secondary schools. This singular procedure is likely to uitect the strictness of the examination as well as the uniformity of standard in awarding murks, and is not uocessary in a district like Lohardugga, in which the number of candidates is uot very large. In mental arithmetic and roading, marks were awarded in Singbhoom and Hazaribagh also by the superintendents of the examination centres.'

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 61 PRIMARY EDUCATION. I have already statod that the scholarship examination of all the districts in the Eastern Circle except Noakhally, in which the Magistrate did not agree to the proposal, was conducted by means of printed papers which had been prepared by à Board of Examiners appointed by the Inspector, though the answer-papers were valued by examiners locally appointed. With the more complete organisation that is now being introduced into the system of primary education, the rough and ready methods of earlier years are no longer in harmony. The progress of a district should now be estimated by an independent test, such as that supplied by a uniform examination in which tho district officials are not alono concerned. There are no doubt difficulties in the way, arising from the number of candidates to be examined; but I am clearly of opinion that the change, if it is feasible, would be beneficial. 138. The working of night schools for the benefit of the labouring classes has been discussed in some of the divisional reports. The Assistant Inspector of tho Patna Division has no doubt that the greater number of them are mere pretences. He says : “In Gya they have boen reduced from 68 to 10; in Durbhunga they aro supposed to number 13, but the Deputy Inspector says that not one of them does the work it should ; whilo Babu Sajiwan Lal from Chumparun says they help to gain rewards under false pretences. He visitod 10 of those schools unexpectedly and found them not at work, and his two Sub-Inspectors similarly visited 38 of them with the samc result. I am inclined to think that tho people of this province have not yet got a sufficient taste for learning to mako them attend a night school after a hard day's work in the fields. As an experimont I opened a night school in my compound, and gave it a fair trial of nearly a year. At first a large numbor of pupils joined, but the novelty soon wore off, and it degenerated into an ordinary pathsala held in the evening: In spite of every facility afforded them, my own servants could not be induced to continue in it long." A different view of these schools is taken by the Joint- Inspector of Orissa, who notices that in the Cuttack district they roso from 72 with 1,262 pupils to 119 with 1,908 pupils. He is, however, quite aware of the danger that rcal day scholars, or pupils already passed out of day schools, may fraudulently be registered as pupils of night schools in order to earn rewards for the abadhaus at enhanced rates. In Chota Nagporo the schools have declined from 84 to 57, and their pupils from 1,778 to 1,130. Referring to this loss, the Assistant Inspector writes :- “This is probably owing to the greator strictness with which these schools woro treatad by our inspecting officers during the yeur, as a consequence of the caution given in the last year's report. It must not be understood, howevor, that the usefulness of theso institutions admits of any quostion. On the contrary, the largor the number of such schools opened in these districts, the better it is for the people, who are, for tho most part, agriculturista aud labourers." The demand for night schools for adult male labourers arises chiefly in large centres of population, where the advantages of elementary education are more strongly felt. The number of these schools for the whole province is probably above 1,000. 139. The systom of examination of lower primary schools in situ is in force in all the districts of the Presidency Division except Jessore, where it is likely to be adopted during the current year. The examination of all the patshalas of a district on the same day at solected centres is in force in many parts of the Dacca and Chittagong Divisions. The Officiating Inspector says that his general impression regarding these simultaneous exaninations is unfavourablo, thore not being a sufficient supply of properly qualitied persons to supervise the examination centres. With El view to ensuring some degree of uniformity in the results of these examinations, it is in fret desirable to have them conducted not only by, men with departmontal or professional training, but by persons responsiblo to their departmental superiors for the quality of the work done. While it is not possible in muny districts, owing to the smallness of the inspecting staff, to have ench patshala cxamined in situ for rewards, there can be no doubt that all our efforts should be directed towards this end. Sub-Inspectors are, under such a system, required personally to vouch for the existence and progress of the patslialas they inspect, while under a system of central examinations they have to take upon trust the statement of the chief guru or inspecting pundit us to the genuine character of the schools assembled for examination.

·62 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR PRIMARY EDUCATION. 140. The contributions from municipalities in aid of primary schools rose from Rs. 16,771 to Rs. 18,617. These contributions will, in the course of the present year, be brought under some definite system of control in the spirit of the rules about to be issued by the Government of Bengal. While provision is made in the Bengal Municipal Act for the expenditure of municipal revenues upon education, the Calcutta Municipality with its large income is precluded, in the absence of a similar provision in the law, from making any payment to schools. As the Bill for amending the Calcutta Municipal Act is now before the Legislature, it is desirable to consider whether a clause should be inserted in the Bill empowering the Commissioners to sanction expenditure on educational objects. Such an enabling clause, however, will go but a little way towards the endowment of education. It will probably be necessary at no distant day to declare that a definite proportion of the municipal revenues shall be appropriated to educational purposos, -a point on which great stress was laid by the Education Commission. 141. The system of transmitting rewards and stipends to the teachers of primary fund schools by means of postal money-orders is in general operation, though in Burdwan, Moorshedabad, and a fow other districts, the old system of payment through Sub-Inspectors is still in force. The Postmaster- General of Bengal, on the recommendation of Mr. Clay, the Magistrate of Khulna, has authorised the following procedure in respect of these moneyorders. The Postmaster of Khulna is allowed to accept, as an equivalent for money orders required by the Education Department, payment orders on the district treasury, authorising the transfer of the required sum froni the funds at the disposal of the Magistrate to the credit of the Postal Department. In this way the post-office consents to take countersigned bills payable at the treasury in lieu of cash. Under this arrangement no money passos into the hands of the educational officers. I have lately received a communication from the Pustmastor-General proposing the extension of the system to the whole province. 142. Malpractices in connection with the central examination for rewards an still occasionally detected, as the following extract from the report of the Assistant Inspector of Chittagong will show: “Somo instances of fraud came to light in this distriot in connexion with the reward examination. In one instance a guru induced a pupil of a noiglıbouring pathsala to personate at the examination centre a pupil of his, who had gone on the examination day to a distant place ; in another the guru presented at the examination his younger brother, who was a pupil of the neighbouring stipendiary school. Iu the third instance, the guru presented his pathsala under a false nume. II he fourth instance, the guru, who had two pathsalas one in the district of Tipperah and the other in Noakholly--presented all his pupils in both the districts, in which the examinations were held on different dates." There is, however, good ground for believing that theso practices are much loss prevalent than in former days. Tho most offcctual preventive would be an increase in the number of Sub-Inspectors. 143. The question of gradually increasing the number of certificated teachers in primary schools has received some attention. The Joint- Inspector of Orissa points out that out of 7,281 gurus omployed in his division, only 1,960 huld certificates of having passed any dopartmental or special examination. In the district of Cuttack an examination equivalent to that of guru-training schools was held for the third time, at which 152 candidatos out of 268 were successful. In some districts gurus are encouraged to appear at the upper primary and middle scholarship examinations by the offer of rewards ranging from Rs. 5 to Rs. 20. The subject should be fully noticed in the district and divisional reports. The Government of Bengal sanctioned before the close of the year the opening of small guru classes in connection with middle schools at a cost of Rs. 6,000 per annum. This measure, if successfully carried out by the inspecting officers, will have the effect of giving some sort of training to at least 500 bona fide gurus in the course of a year. 144. Under section 62, Act III of 1885, rules have been framed by the Local Government transferring the control of primary education to the District Boards constituted under the Act. These rules will come into operacion at once into the 16 scheduled districts, namely, all the districts of the Presidency and Burdwan Divisions, and in Dacca, Furreedpore, Rajshahye, Pubna, and Patna, Areas comprised within the limits of cantonments and municipalities are exeinpted from the jurisdiction of the District Boards, and will be dealt with under separate rules.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 63 PRCIAL VI.-SPECIAL INSTRUCTION. 145. Under this head are included (a) training schools for teachers, (1) all other institutions of professional, technical and industrial education. The following table compares the figures for the past two years :- INSTRUCTION. 1888-80. 1888-88. OLAN OS INSTITUTIONA. Schools. Schools, ... ... . .. OC Training schools for masters Ditto for mistresses School of Art Law schools Medical school, Engineering and survoying schools Industrial schools Madrassa. Other schools ... 22 3 1 8 7 5 5 11 6 22 3 1 10 7 5 Pupilo. 1,083 102 157 649 8(14 320 172 1,388 168 Pupils. 1,142 116 163 882 752 367 446 1,816 236 ... ... . ... 10 * Total ... 67 4,843 72 5,420 • Excluding 18 maktabs with 818 pupils in Bankoora, wrongly shown under this head in General Tablo III. 146. The number of training schools, Government and aided, was 25 as in the previous year. The law schools advanced from eight to ten, owing to the affiliation of the law classes attached to the Ripon'and Jagannath Colleges. The number of pupils in the Government School of Art again shows a small increase. There is a decline in the number of medical students, arising chiefly from a largo roduction in the attendance at the Patna Medical School. Schools of engineering and surveying show an increase in the number of their pupils, which is shared by all the institutions under this head. Industrial schools rose from five to eight; five now schools having been openod at Lalbagh, Berhampore, Bankoora, Bissenpore, and Midnapore, the Gobindpore school having been closed, and the Dohree school (which is under the management of the Irrigation Department) not being returned. Thero is a loss of one madrassa. Other schools (Sanskrit, music, &c.) rose from 5 to 6, by the opening of a new Sanskrit school in the district of Chupra. Sanskrit schools, bowever advanced, como more appropriately under the head of "Private Institutions teaching Sanskrit” than under Schools of Special Instruction; and will in future reports bo transferred to the section of “ Indigenous Education.” That would appear to be the proper place also for giving an account of the Sanskrit Title Examination, hitherto treated under this section. A.- TRAINING SCTIOOLS. 147. The following statement gives the statistics regarding these important institutions : EXPENDITURR. CLABB OJ INSTITUTIONS. Number of schools. Number of pupils. From public revenuen. From privite ROUTCON. Total. Rs. Rr. Rs. 16 683 65,960 679 66,639 Government training schools For masters Aided training schools- For masters mais trossos .. 6 3 4,59 116 5.758 4,720 10,731 9,716 16,489 14,436 ... Total 25 1,268 78,438 21,125 97,563 Last year there were 25 schools with 1,185 pupils, and the expenditure on them was Rs. 1,00,650, of which Government contributed Rs. 77,159. 148. GOVERNMENT TRAINING SCHOOLS.-No change has taken placo in the number or locality of these institutions. Schools of the first grade prepare ·64 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR SPECIAL students through a three years' course, those of the second grade through a IN 8".UCTION. two-years' course, and third grade schools are intended for the training of gurus during a course lasting ordinarily six months or a year. The first grade schools are those of Calcutta, Hooghly, Rungpore, Dacca, Chittagong, Patna, Ranchi and Cuttack; there is a second grade scliool at Jalpaigori; and the third grade training schools or classes are at Saidabad, Motihari, Palamow, Haldipukur, Pooree, Balasore, and Ungool. Guru training classes are also attached to the Rungpore, Jalpaigori and Cuttack schools. 149. The following tables show the results of the vernacular mastership examination for 1885 and 1886. Certificates of the first, second, or third grace are givon to students of three, two and one year's standing respectively. A certificate of any grade is classed as high, medium, or low, according to the marks obtained: Vernacular mastership Eraminntion, 1885. FIRST (RADE CERTIFICATEH. SECOND ORA DE CERTIPICATES. TUJUD OBADE CEUTIFICATE:. TOTAL. NAMB OF SCUOOL. Candidates examined. 18 20 17 1 34 30 10 00) Culci tla llooxhly Du(cu ('hittagong Runkporo l'rivato students 21 15 11 13 19 C.NO 1 18 12 3 3 16 31 19 15 2 15 9 10 7 103 69 2 0 19 26 10 7 10 0 S3 19 5 11 6 0 14 3 O 31 99 L 21 14 9 60 110 70 84 86 21 8 4 6 7 99 16 18 1 1999 18 0 Total 82 41 116 3 83 125 115 7 70 120 880 3:19 * N. B. This is exclusive of len condidates who pressed froin the und grade Training School at Jalpaigori. Vernacular Mastership Eramination, 1886. www.MN FIRST ORAVK CRRTIFICATX8. SECOND ORADE CERTIFICATES. THIRD (TRADE CERTIFICATES. TOTAL.. NAME OR AC11OOL. High. Jedium. Low. Total. Canlıdates a examined. 31 80 ... 10 23 39 11 1:2 9 NO Calcutta Ilexoshly Dnec:# Chittagong Hunkpure Julpnikori Private students 12 20 18 8 4 13 39 31 20 11 10 50 b 2 2 16 18 13 91 433 11 15 10 17 2 6 18 10 11 7:3 112 102 00) 38 11 21 15 3 B 10 37 8 1 6 6 1 2 8 Totnl 66 98 134 07 112 168 0 39 77 123 138 392 150. In 1885, out of 386 candidatos, 329 were successful. The Calcutta school passed 62 out of 69, the Ilonghly school 103 out of 110, the Dacca school 69 out of 70, tho Chittagong school 48 out of 54, and the Rungpore school 29 out of 36. OF 41 privato candidatos only 18 were successful. The Hoogbly and the Dacca school each passed five students by the high standard, and Calcutta and Rungpore passed one each by that standard. 151. In 1886, out of 438 candidates, 332 were successful. The Calcutta school passed 53 out of 73 candidates, the Hooghly school 88 out of 112, the Dacca school 95 out of 102, Chittagong 42 out of 60, and Rungpore 37 out of 39. The second grade school at Jalpaigori passed 9 out of its 11 candidutos. Of privato students only 8 passed out of 41, Seventeen students passod by the high standard, oight of whom belongod to Hooghly, six to Dacca, two to Chittagong, and one to Rungpore. The Hooghly and Dacca schools have done creditably, Dacca having passod a larger proportion of its pupils than Ilooghly. The Calcutta training school has gone back to some extent; but measures have now been taken by the Officiating Inspector to improve the discipline of the institution. The Patna, Ranchi, and Cuttack schools, in which tho vornacular is other than Bengali, do not send candidates to the general examination for vernacular mastership certificates. A local committee is appointed at each of these places to conduct the examination of the students, and certificates are grunted in accordance with its recommendations.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 65 8PXOIAL 152. The following table shows the number of pupils who were granted certificates during 1885.86:- INSTRUCTION NUMBER OF PUPILS WHO OBTAINRD CERTIFICATES DURING THE YEAR. Namm of school. First grade. Second grade. Third grade. Total. ... Pundit Department 1. Calcutta Normal School 2. Hooghly 8. Dacca 4. Chittagong 6. Rungpore 6. Patua 7. Cuttack 8. Ranchi 9. Jalpaigori 14 20 15 9 10 16 7 99 17 50 33 18 5 22 10 9 3 31 33 21 21 14 14 11 11 7 62 103 09 48 29 51 28 24 10 ... ... ... Total ... 9.4 167 163 424 *38******* ****528***|| .. 6 0 13 Guru Drpartment 1. Saidabad training class 2. Rupgpore Normal School 3. Jalpaigori 4. Motihari 5. Cuttack 0. Balasore 7. Pooree 8. Palamow 9. Haldipukur training class 10. Ungool ... 9 12 3 0 9 ... 14 9 12 5 17 52 29 14 0 0 2 8 43 9 0 7 ... ܗܗܗܗܩܣ@eܩܝ]&[ lelcovscouton ... 20) 0 2 .. 14 0 19 20 Total 1:1 94 40 181 The supply of certificated teachers to middle schools continues to be unequal to the demand, and applications for increasing the supply are continually made by tho Inspectors of the Presidency, Western and Eastern Circles. The necessity for raising the stipend grant at the Calcutta, Ilooghly, and Dacca schools has constantly been pressed upon my attention. 153. Thc Calcutta Training School. - This is the only training school for masters in the Presidency Division maintained by Governmont. The number of pupils on the rolls was 74 against 69. Of these, 17 were from the 24-l'ergunnahs, 2 from Nuddea, 4 from Jessore, 10 from Khoolna, and 36 from districts outside the Presidency Division. The expendituro on the school was Rs. 10,267, of which Rs. 119 only were paid from fees and Rs. 10,118 from provincial revenues. Of the 74 pupils, 08 were stipendiury pupils and 6 pay-students. The house in which the school has been located for more than a quarter of a century was found inadequate to the increasing requirements of the boarders. In January 1886 tho school was therefore removed, with its attached model schools, from Upper Chitporc Road to Nintala Ghât Strect. The new bouso is well ventilated and spacious, and accommodates the normal school, the attached model schools, and tho boarders. The Superintendent's quarters have not yet been provided. The existing arrangements for boarding the students having been found defective, steps were taken to improve them at the boginning of the session. Tho Deputy Inspector of Calcutta wus instructod to carry out the necessary reforms. Herotofore there was no resident Superintendent to look after the boarders out of school hours. Babu Ram Chandra Ganguli, B. A., the Head-master of the Model School, English Department, and one of the senior teachers of the Vernacular Department, were entrusted with the work of supervision. The number of boarders on the 31st March last was 42, against 23 of the precoding year. At the vernacular mastership examination of 1885, 14 students passod in the first, 17 in the socond, and 31 in the 3rd grade. Only one third-grade student passed by the high standard—a result not creditable to the teaching staff. In 1886, 13 students passed in the first, 27 in the second, and 13 in tho third grade. Not one student passed by the high standard. 154. Hooghly Training School. This school had on its rolls 111 pupils on the 31st March last, against 110 on the same date of the previous year. Of the 111 pupils, 35 are from Burdwan, 21 from Bankoora, lü from Midnapore, 8 from each of the districts of Hooghly and Moorshedabad, 7 from each of the districts of Nuddea and Beerbhoom, 6 from Howrah, 2 from Khoolna, and 1 1 ·66 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR SPECIAL NSTRUCION, from Jessore. Of the 111 pupils, 46 were in the third year class, 29 in the second-year, and 36 in the first-year class. The income of the school from Government was Rs. 11,292, and from fees Rs. 100. The total expenditure amounted to Rs. 10,486. The expenditure includes a sum of Rs. 300 a month paid in stipends to 97 students, of whom 2 pupil-teachers received Rs. 5 each, 5 third-year students Rs. 4 each, 41 of the same year Rs. 3 each, 27 second-year students Rs. 3 each, and 22 first-year students Rs. 3 each. At the vernacular mastership examination of 1885, 20 students passed in the first, 50 in the second, and 33 in the third grade, five of them having passed by the high standard. In 1886, 33 passed in the first, 24 in the second, and 31 in the third grade, eight having passed by the high standard. The result reflects credit on the school staff. The 20 students who passed the final examination in 1885 were all provided with appointments as pundits during the year. The Inspector reports that at least 800 certificated vernacular teachers are required for the Burdwan Division; and as the annual outturn of the school is only 20, there are still many uncertificated teachers in his middle schools. He therefore recommends either the establishment of another first.grade training school, or the enlargement of the Hooghly school by an increase of its stipend allowance. The school is located in the Chinsurah Barracks, and has an excellent boarding establishment. 155. Rungpore Training School. There was a slight increase in the number of pupils of both classes in the pundit class 39 ayainst 36, and in the guru class 13 against 11 of the preceding year. Of tho 39 pupils in the pundit department, 8 were in the third, 16 in the second, and 15 in the first-year class. All the pupils in the pundit classes, exccpc two, had passod the vernacular scholarship examination before admission, and the guru pupils have all passed the lower primary scholarship examination. There were 25 Ilindus and 14 Mahomedans in the pundit department; while in the guru class there were 5 Hindus and 8 Mahomodans. All the guru pupils but two came from Rungporo; while of the pundit pupils 13 came from Rungporo, 5 from Bogra, 7 from Rajshahye, 3 froni Pubna, 1 from Jalpaigori, and 10 from outside the division, As usual, I regret to say, no pupils came from the district of Dinagopore. The attached practising school, in which there are 73 pupils, is taught by the students in both departments, aidod by a guru paid from the fees. The number of candidatos who competod it the vernacular mastership examination held in April 1885, was 13 from the third-year class, of whom 10 passed; of the second-year students, five passed out of eight; and all but one passed from the first-year class. Nine out of 13 guru. candidates obtained pass certificatos. In thic examination of 1856, six passed in the first grade, 16 in the second grade, and 15 in the third grade. The total cost of the school was Rs. 5,088, against Rs. 5,202 in the previous year. The school has been provided with a house by Babu Gobinda Lal Ray of Tajhat, at a cost of Rs. 6,050. The building which has been purchased' is hardly suited for the purpose, both rooms and premises being very nuch confined. 156. Dacca Training School.The roll number has increased from 76 to 102. Of the latter, two only are Mahomedans. Notwithstanding this incroase, the supply of pundits is not equal to the demand. It appears that a considerable number of the trained pundits are not content with the prospocts offered them as teachers in aided schools, and betake themsolves to the law in proforence. This is an evil against which no precautions have been found to be effectual. No doubt the larger the number of students trainod, the greater will be the proportion available for school purposes, and the Inspector accordingly recommends that the grant for stipends should be raisod from Rs. 250 to Rs. 300. The students come chiofly from Dacca, Backergunge and Tipperah. The number of pay students has increased to 28; and the annount raised from foes and fines has risen from Rs. 56 to Rs. 137. The total expenditure was Rs. 9,015. At the vernacular mastership examination of 1885, 15 passed in the first, 33 in the second, and 21 in the third grade. At the examination of 1886, 31 pussed in the first, 21 in the second, and 43 in the third grado; two student in each class having passed by the high standard. 157. Chittugong Training School. The number of pupils borne on the rolls of this school was 59, against 54 of the previous year. Of these, 55 were Hindus and 3 Malonuedans. Of the total number, 44 are natives of Chittagong, ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 67 SPECIAL INSTRVOTION. A very year. 10 of Noakholly, 1 of Mymensing, and 2 from each of the districts of Dacca and Tipperah. The total expenditure of the school amounted to Rs. 4,429, against Rs. 3,380 of the previous year. The increaso of expenditure is chiefly due to house-rent. The school-house was burnt down in August last, and the school is now held in a building temporarily rented for its accommodation. At the vernacular mastership examination for 1885, 9 passed in the first, 18 in the second, and 21 in the third grade. At the examination of 1886, 10 passed in the first, 18 in the second, and 14 in the third grade; one final and one third grade student having passed by the high standard. 158. Patna Training School.-There were 84 pupils on therolls, against 80 in the preceding year; of whom 13 were Brahmans, 11 Kayasths, 12 Babhans, 15 Mahomedans, and 17 belonged to other castes. The pupils came from the following districts :-Patna 31, Gya 16, Sarun 13, Mozufferpore 8, Monghyr 5, Ghazipore 4, Shahabad 4, Bhagulpore 2, and Chumparun 1. The English department has been abolished, as its cost was judged to be out of proportion to its utility. The vernacular department has been re-organised, and the Inspector is confident that a better class of vernacular teachers will now bo turned out year by year. The school has been thoroughly overhauled. lax system of discipline was found to prevail among both pupils and teachers. For some time past the school has had a bad name and produced inferior results. There has been a marked change for the better this year, and great credit is due to the officiating head-master, Babu Govinda Chandra Sinha, who has maintained firm disciplino and very carefully supervised both the school and the boarding establishment. The annual examination was conducted by officers unconnected with the school. Tho result was as follows: 15 students received final certificates, 22 passed the second year's examination, and 14 that of the first 1 59. Ranchi Training School. There were 21 students, against 25 in the preceding year. Of these, 11 were from Lohardugga, five from Gya, two from Hazaribagh, and one from each of the districts of Manbhoom, Ghazipore, and Shahabad. As yet, domiciled natives of Behar form the majority of the students. The sanctioned grant was Rs. 3,750, and the expenditure Rs. 2,669. Four students passed the final exanıination; nine that of the secoud year, and 11 that of the first year. The Assistant Inspector of Chota Nayporo presses for the opening of a Bengali class for the benefit of Manbhoom, Dhalbhoom, and other Bengali-speaking tracts of the division. The officiating Inspector, who visited the school during the past year, is of opinion that its staff requires strengthening. 160. Cuttack Training School. There were in the pundit department 38 students, against 35 in the preceding year. Of thesc, 23 came from. Cuttack, 7 froin' Pooreo, 3 from Balasore, and 5 from the Tributary Mchals. As many as 26 are Brahmans. The Joint-Inspector of Orissa mends an incrcasc to the stipend grant in order to meet the increased requirements of the province. The guru department had 11 pupils against 12, all belonging to the Cuttack district. Of the 525 gurus trained in this department up to dato, 145 are in charge of lower primory schools in Cuttack. The total expenditure was Rs. 5,485. Of the students, 7 passed the final, 10 the sccond-year, and 11 the first-year examination. The guru department trained 17 candidates in the year. 161. Jalpaigori Training School. The number has fallen from 30 to 25. The officiating head-master attributes this decline to stringent rules regarding absentees, whose names are not now allowed to remain on the books after a month. Of 11 pupils in the two pundit classes, four were in the second and seven in the first-yoar class. Nine of these belonged to the district, and two came from elsowhere. All tho guru pupils were from Jalpaigori except two, one of whom came from the Darjcoling Torai, and the other from tho Bhootan Dooars. At the vernacular mastership examination hold in April 1885, 4 pupils appeared from the second and 7 from the first-year class, and of the latter all passed. At the examination of 188ti, five passed in the second anil four in the third grade. The guru class passed 12, one of whom is a Mech from the Bhootan Dooars. The total cost of the school wüs Rs. 2,012, against, Rs. 2,294 in the previous year. I 2 recoin- ·68 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR SPECIAL IXSTRUOTIOX. Saidabad Training Class.-A training class training class was attached to the Saidabad Model school in July 1884. It was attended by 11 pupils on the 31st March 1886. The provision of Rs. 30, for 10 stipends at Rs. 3 each, is met from the Government grant of Rs. 20, withdrawn from the Kandi model school, supplemented by Rs. 10 from the primary allotment of the district. The scholarships are tenable for six months, at the end of which term an examination is held in the art of teaching and other subjects, and certificates are granted to successful candidates. Fourteen gurus obtained certificates during the yoar under report, against eight in the precedirg year. The total cost for the training class was Rs. 250, including Rs. 40 paid to the hoad and second pundits of the model school as a bonus for teaching the class in addition to their regular duties. The Inspector, who visited the school, reports that it is doing useful work. 163. Motihari Training School.—The course for gurus has boen extended to a year and six months in each class. 164. Palamow Training School.— The Deputy Inspector of Lohardugga considers that this school has done all that was expected of it in the way of training the primary schoolmasters of the Palamow sub-division, and that the grant can now be transferred with advantage to some other backward part of the district. IIe accordingly suggests the removal of the school to Lohardugga, which is the centro of a large number of primary schools in charge of untrained teachers, and in this view the Inspector agrees. The number of pupils on tho roll of this school, on the 31st of March last, was 15 against 17 at the close of the preceding year. The grant for the year was Rs. 864, which was all spent. At the two half-yearly examinations held during the year, 24 candidates competed, of whom 14 passed. Besides this, four pupils passed the middlo vernacular scholarship examination, out of fivo sent up. 165. Haldipukur Training School.- This school is kept up, with the object of training gurus for the Bengali primary schools of Dhalbhoom. It enjoys an annual grant of Rs. 540, out of which the expendituro for the year amounted to Rs. 505, inclusive of the charge of Rs. 60 sanctioned for the erection of a hut for the lodging of pupils. There were at the close of the year nine pupil-toachors on the rolls, all of whom received stipends. Of these pupils, seven were actual teachers of primary schools and two were candidates for teaclierships. Fifteen candidates appeared at the two half-yearly examinations, of whom nine were successful. The Deputy Inspector thinks that the school is doing very useful work. He suggests the opening of a similar Hindi class at a moderate cost in connection with the Chitimiti model school, for training primary teachers in the Kolhan. Dalasorc Training School. This guru-training school had 25 students, against 30 at tho end of the previous year. The total cost was Rs. 2,117, inclusive of Rs. 562 paid as stipends out of the district primary allotment. The school has been working for about 12 years, and has sent out up to date 449 certificated abadhans, 161 of whom are in chargo of primary schools in the district. 167. Pooree Training School. The roll number was 15, as in the year before. The total number of abadhans turned out of the institution since the date of its establishnent is 205, of whom 165 are in charge of primary schools in the district. The total expenditure amounted to Rs. 1,226. 168. Ungool 7'raining School.--Roll number 15. It sont 29 candidates to the nal guru examination, of whom 20 passed. In point of efficiency the Ungool training school is second to nono, being at the same time the cheapest institution in the whole division. The total number of gurus passed up ło date from this school is 63. Of theso, about 55 have accepted employment as village teachers in the state, in addition to 14, who are ex-students of either the Cuttack or the Pooree Normal school. In selecting gurus for admission into this institution, care is taken to see that preference is given to village teachers wbo are natives of the state. 169. In order to multiply facilities for the training of gurus, the Government of Bengal sanctioned, shortly before the close of the year, å scheme for educating 500 gurus in middle schools, at an annual cost of Rs. 6,000. The scheme was originally propared by Mr. C. B. Clarke, Inspector of the Presidency Circle, and is now being extended to all parts of Bengal. 160.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 69 SPECIAL INSTRUCTION year before. 170. AIDED TRAINING SCHOOLS FOR MASTERS.-Barrackpore Wesleyan Training School. This is a boarding school, the object of which is to prepare teachers for the primary and other vernacular schools supported by the Mission. The school had 28 pupils on its rolls on the 31st March last, of whom 27 were Christians and one was a Hindu. In the preceding year the school was attended by 22 pupils, of whom 18 were Christians and 4 Hindus. All the pupils read English and Bongali. The total expenditure of the school was Rs. 2,380, against Rs. 4,500 in the preceding year, of which Rs. 1,200 were paid from the Government grant, Rs. 381 collected from fees, and the romainder met from tho Mission funds. The Inspector visited the school, and was of opinion that it had made a fair start. 171. Krishnagar Church Mission Training School.--This school is attended by 21 pupils, all Native Christians, against 21 in the previous year. The total expenditure during the year was Rs. 3,343, of which Rs. 1,300 were contributed by Government and Rs. 2,043 from the Mission fund. In former years the pupils went through a course of study corresponding to the middle vernacular scholarship examination, An effort is being mado to raise the status of the school to that of first grade normal schools, and in consideration of this the Government grant has been increased from Rs. 100 to Rs. 125 per mensem, The Inspector visited the school, and was satisfied that everything was being done by the Reverend J. Santer, the Superintendent of the institution, to increase its usefulness. 172. Bhim pore Sonthal Traning School. This school is under the American Baptist Mission, and lias an attendance of 115 pupils, of whom 81 are males and 34 females, against 108, including 34 girls, in the The course of studies in the male department is the same as that fixed for the middle vertacular scholarship examination. The female department has adopted the rovisod standard of the Uttarpara Hitakari Sabha. Four Sonthal boys appeared at the last vernacular scholarship examination, of whom two passed for the first time from this district. Six girls competed at the litakari junior scholarship examination, and two were successful. The expenditure was Rs. 2,700, of which half was borne by Government and half by the Mission. The pupils are not only exempted from the payment of foes, but those that come from a long distance (and they are the majority) receive a diet allowance of one to four pico daily. 173. Ghola Training School (Bishenporc).--This school was established in the year 1884 by the Wesleyan Mission. It is attended by 20 Sonthal pupils, against 12 in the previous year. The course of studies followed is that prescribed for upper primary schools. One boy competed, but without success, at the last upper primary scholarship examination. In this school also no tuition fee is charged. The expendituro amounted to Rs. 1,032, of which Rs. 300 were paid by Government. 174. Darjecling Mission Training School.-- This school, entirely under the control of the Scotch Mission, had an average attendance of nine during the year. - The stipends of the students have been raised to Re. 1 a month all round, and this, coupled with the prospect of tho Rs. 20 rewards provided by Government, has been sensibly efficacious in promoting sustained regular attend. anco, so that it has not beon necessary to retain such a large number on the roll as previously So the Superintendent reports. The Inspector thinks it will be necessary, when preparing the report for the current yeur, to call for returns of the number of pupils from this school who are now actually engaged in teaching 175. Berlin Mission School, Ranchi. - This is an aided school, and consists of a large boys' department, a seminary, and a training class. The boys' school is perhaps the best portion of the wholo institution, and resembles in many respects our middle English schools. It is in no way inferior to the middle English school under the Anglican Mission at Ranchi. The school receives its grant-in-aid as a training school, and is accordingiy returned under this head. But the training class is the least important section of the school, the number of primary schools for which it is expected to provide teachers not exceeding 15 to 20. The Officiating Inspector visited the school and was satisfied with its management. The number on the rolls on tho 31st March last was 266, with an average daily attendance of 257, against 255 ·70. REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR SPECIAL INHTRUCTION. and 252 respectively of the previous year. All the pupils were Native Christians. The total expenditure of the year was Rs. 6,089 (inclusive of the boarding charges of a large number of pupils), of which Rs. 1,200 were paid from provincial revenues and Rs. 4,889 from private sources, including Rs. 381 from fees. No outturn of pupil teachers has been received by the Deputy Inspector. 176. AIDED TRAINING SCHOOLS FOR MISTRESSES.The two aided schools for mistresses are the Church of England Zenana Mission school and the Free Church Mission school. The pupils in the former are for the most part Eurasians, and in the latter Native Christians. Both schools train teachers for the girls' schools and zenanas under those two Missions. Neither of them ordinariiy sends pupils to any departmental examination, but the Free Church Normal school passed one pupil at the First Arts Examination of 1886. She appeared at the examination of 1885 from the Bethune school, but failod on that occasion. The numerical strength of the Church of England school was 8 against 11, and that of the Free Church Normal school 36 against 27. The expenditure on the former was Rs. 7,728, of which Rs. 1,920 were provided from provincial revenues, Re. 1,577 from fees, and Rs. 4,231 from other sources; while that on the latter was Rs. 4,110, Government contributing Rs. 2,000. The rate of fees charged in the former is Rs. 15, including boarding expenses, and in the latter Rs. 2. No information has been recoived as to the outturn of the schools. 177, Tho Roman Catholic girls' school at Krishnagar has also a boarding establishment attached to it. It had 72 pupils on its rolls on the 31st March last, all Native Christians, against 64 in the preceding year. The total expenditure on the school was Rs. 2,597, of which Rs. 720 were contributed by Government and Rs. 1,877 from the Mission fund. The school has not yet gono beyond the upper primary standard; but the girls are taught many things besides, with the special object of qualifying them to become mistresses in the girls' schools, and to teach needle-work, wool-work and embroidery. B.-OTHER SCHOOLS OF SPLJIAL INSTRUCTION. 178. Under this head are included institutions or departments teaching law, medicinc, and engineering, whether affiliated to the University or not, together with the Calcuttu School of Art, industrial schools, and other less important schools of a special character. The usual statistics of the leading institutions are given in the following table :- Statement of Attendance and Expenditure in Schools of Special Instruction in 1885-86. + EXI'RNIITUNE. AVERAGE ANNUAL COSI' ON DICATINCH KACII PUPIL. Number Number (l purpuls of insti- lon the rolls tutionin. on 31st March. Average monthly roll number, From public revepuos. From olher Hirts, Total. Cost to Goverment. Totul cost. 1.-LAW. Ks. Ru. Rs. Rs. A. P. Rs. A. P. Government Law Schools. College 9 ... .. .. ...... 1 1 105 40 9 ... ljooghly Krishnagar Dacau Paina Hajahnhye Ravenshaw ... 233 11 81 27 8 10 1,029 MO (a)2,205 (6)2.40) 1,587 duo 1,029 810) 2,206 2,-4030 1,687 630) 47 0 50 10 58 10 46 2 01 0 CX 4 0 5 7 0 20 ... ...... Outtack ) Total 0 110 183 9,621 9,521 52 0 .... 6 Unaided Law Schools. ... 1 1 1 Metropolitan Institution City Collogo Ripon Jagannath Івсеѕ Tot 426 160 170 7 4097 102 168 (Money returns not furnisbod. Dilto di tlo 6,194 6,194 29 28 . ... ...... ...... 89 3 2 8 16 . ... 772 704 6,217 0,217 87 10 10 v . TOTAL LAW SCROOLA 10 882 R17 16,738 15,738 45 3 7 ..... .11.--MEDICINK. Medical College, Onlcuttu 1 152 189 1,38,806 9,034 1,48,140 H90 % B} 876 91 Governmont Modical Schools. 1 162 . 500 Sunlilah Patris Ducicu Cuttack 189 109 107 70 38,808 17,048 14,207 6,181 4,683 2,843 0,092 18 43,601 20.891 18,209 0,99 180 89 2:29 15 9 156 6 6 8 08 2 257 6 182 79 12 10 08 6 6 Total 449 011 76,204 12,586 *7.860 147 4 7 171 14 ... $) Surplus fear Rs. 2,5is } Bo. 9,900. Ditto ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 7.1 LAN PLIN SPECIAL BIPENDITURB. AVERAGE ANNUAL COST OF EDUCATING BACH PUPIL. INSTRUCTION. Number Number of pupils Average of innti. on the roll monthly tutions. ou Sigt roll March. qum ber. Fron public rovenue. From other sources. Total. Cost to Govern. ment. Total cont. Unaidad Xodioal Schoola. Rs. Re. Re. Rs. A. P. Rs. A. P. ... 157 168 2,810 8,810 14 9 11 Daoon Homcupathio schools TOTAL MEDICAL SCHOOLA 7 708 988 2,13,870 24,430 2,38,800 265 8 B 286 6 10 III.-KNGINEERINO. Government Engineering College, Howrab 169 184 69,425 8,661 BAYAN 411 18 7 47 15 Government Survoying Schools. 100 ... ... Droon Putnu Cuttack 1 1 77 60 By 1 67 B7 6 2,542 1,752 2,146 810 712 408 3,862 2,464 2,046 86 12 10 80 11 9 37 10 4 47 8 13 486 7 ... .. Total = alool 3 201 183 . 6,440 8,400 84 18 46 11 8 Municipai Survey School, Ranchi survey clasa 8 ... 848 340 TOTAL ENGINKIRING SCHOOLS 367 847 69,866 7,027 77,792 201 68 224 2 11 IV.--ART AND INDUATRY. Governmont Scbool of Art 163 180 ... 18,818 3,116 21,034 117 99 197 1 Govornmont Industrial School. Rancni industrial school ... 24 23 1,200 400 1,600 69 0 Aidad Industrial Schools. 1 1 1465 ...... Lalbagh Berkuam poro Bankoora Midnapore AS? 49S 60 191 034 («)120 810 62 108 634 120 1,172 362 Total 5 847 318 3089 1,604 1,026 1 2 2 0 0 10 Unaided Industrial Schools. Mahivadal Nawadi 82 sy 1 94 1,427 120 1,427 120 27 3 12 1 0 ... 10 Total 2 75 84 ... 1,347 1,517 18 6 !! R TOTAL ART SCHOOLB 9 009 585 .. 20,380 0,027 27,007 36 13 4 40 7 (r) Maharani Surnomoyo of Kousim Buzar also gave a donation of Rs. 600 for the purchase of cools and unplements. 179. LAW.-The number of law students in Government colleges on the 31st March has decreased from 125 to 110, but the average monthly roll number has increased from 163 to 183. The decrease in the number on the last day on the year is due to the fact that the college session now begins in June. There is no longer a law class attached to the Presidency Collego. In the Metropolitan Institution the average monthly roll number has risen from 385 to 437, and in the City College it has declined from 217 to 162. The Ripon College shows an average roll number of 158, and the Jagannath College of 7. The total average roll number for all schools is 947, against 765 in the preceding year. 180. The following table shows the results of the examination for the degree of Bachelor of Law, tho nuniber passed being 119 out of 208 candidatos, or 57 per cent. In the previous year 77 passed out of 141). Statement shouing the Results of the Examination for the Degree of Bachelor of Law. PAASED IN TIK NAMB O INSTITUTION. First division, Herond di vistoj). 2 ... Number of cundidutus. 3 10 2 9 17 ... ... ... .. ... Presidency College Hooghly Krishnagar Dacca Patna Rajshahyo Metropolitan Institution City College Ripon ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 3 ... 117 41 1 07 26 3 ... ... ... ... ... .. . Total 208 3 ulli ·72 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR SPECIAT. INSTRUCTION;* The law classes are entirely self-supporting, the professors being paid from the fees realised from the students. There is a pleadership class attached to the second grade college at Chittagong, which is not affiliated to the University. A similar class is nominally attached to the Midnapore College, but it had no students at the close of the year. 181. MEDICINE.-The total number of students of medicine bag declined from 804 to 752. While there has been a large increase in the Calcutta Medical College and the Sealdah school, the number in the Patna school has fallen from 151 to 92. 182. Medical College - The College has now completed its fifty-first session, reckoning from 1st April 1815 to 31st March 1886. The fifty-second session commenced on the 23rd June 1886. During the year under report the following changes occurred in the professional staff :-Dr. Chandra went on sick leave for one year, and Dr. J. F. P. McConnell was appointed to officiate as Professor of Materia Medica and Clinical Medicine. Dr. R. Harvey returned from furlough and relieved Dr. C. H. Joubert. Dr. K. McLeod returned from furlough and relieved Dr. O'C. Raye as Professor of Surgery, Dr. O'C. Raye, on being relieved, resumed charge of his duties as Professor of Anatomy, relieving Dr. J. O'Brien. Dr. C. J. H. Warden returned from furlough and relieved Dr. L. A. Waddell of the duty of Professor of Chemistry. Dr. Waddell having been appointed to the Sonthal Pergunnahs, the Chair of Pathology was mado over to Dr. J. B. Gibbons as a tomporary arrangement. 183. When the session opened, 132 students continued their studies, 26 rejoined, and 60 new students attended, arking a total of 218, against 217, 197, and 228 of the three preceding years. Of the 86 new and re-admissions, the 10 who had obtained the highest number of marks in the University B.A and F.A. examinations received free presentations, 39 enrolled themsolves as paying or matriculated students (of whom one was from Burmah), 8 entered as casual or non-matriculated students, and 29 joined the Hospital apprentice class. At the close of the session four senior scholars and 24 paying students passed their final M. B. and L. M. S. examinations, one senior and throe junior scholars, 30 paying and fivo free students coased to attend, and two resigned; so that, at the close of tho sossion, the strength of the class was 152, against 132, 117, and 126 of the three previous years. 184. Of the 34 candidates for 1st M. B. and L. M. S. exa ninations, 14, or 38 per cent. against 44 per cent. in the previous year; of these, four were placed in the first division. Of tho 41 candidates who presented themselves for the final examinations, 28 passed, or 68 per cent., against 56 per cont. of the preceding year; 12 of these were placed in the first division. Three native dhais passed in midwifery and received certificates of qualification Five pupil-nurses passed out as midwives. 185. On tho presentation by Her Highness the Maharani Sarnamayi of Rs. 1,50,000 for the purpose of building a hostel for female students of medicine, the Government of Bengal .ruled that girls passing tho University Entrance examination should be admitted to the college, and that after a threeyears' course of classes and practical instruction, and on passing the final test and honour examinations, they should receive a certificate qualifying them to pructise medicine, surgory, and midwifery. The hostel has been built, and is uw ready for occupation. It is reserved exclusively for the use and benefit of ladies studying mcdicine and midwifery. Tho Government of Bengal has sanctioned a grant of Rs. 3,000 for furnishing the hostel. Sir Waltor de Souza contributed Rs. 2,400 to the Countess of Dufferin's fund, chiefly in order to provide scholarships for girls passing the Madras preliminary examination. These have now been made eligible for admission to the college, and .lso for certificates obtainable after the course and examination described above. Eleven of the girls will receive Rs. 15 a month; the others will be taught free. All will be entitled to freo residence in the Sarnamayi hostel. A new chemical theatre has been crocted in the laboratory at a cost of Rs. 1.,200. A now dissecting room has been sanctioned, but is not yet built. 186. Campbell Medical School, Sealdah.-Surgeon-Major S. Coull Mackenzie was in charge of the institution throughout the year. The number of students who attended the school during the year was 192, against 207 in 1884 85 and passed, ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. SPECIAL INSTRUOTION. Temple 73 190 in 1883-84. Of 58 first-year students, 47 were promoted to the secondyear class, and 11 wore removed from the school. Of 51 second-year students who went up for the first license examination, 45, or 88 por cent., passed, against 92 per cent. in the previous year. Of 53 final students who appeared at the second license examination, 46, or 87 per cent., passed, against 98 per cont. in the preceding year. The usual half-yearly examinations for compounders were held in April and October. In April, 29 candidates out of 32, and in October 29 out of 33, passed the examination. Of the 64 native candidates, 52 camo from the mofussil of Bengal. Seven licentiates of tho school entored the Government service as Hospital Assistants. The number in 1883-84 was 22, and in 1884-85, 15. The Lieutenant-Governor visited the school on the 1st April 1836; and on learning that, while there was a gold medal for third-year and a silver medal for secondyear students, there was none for students of the first year, His Honor promised to give a bronze medal to the best student of that year. The medal was accordingly struck, and awarded to Debendra Nath Roy. 187. Dacca Medical School.-Surgoon-Major A. Crombie was in charge of the school till the 24th February, when Surgeon-Major C. J. W. Meadows assumed charge. At the close of the session there were 8 fourth-year, 32 thirdyear, 54 second-year, and 56 first-year students, making a total of 150 on the rolls, against 149 the year before. Of these, 16 were vernacular scholarshipholders, 10 held medical scholarships, and 10 were frco students. Of 40 third and fourth-year students who appeared at the final examination, 37 qualified as Civil Hospital Assistants. At tho junior dîploma examinatijn, 48 out of 54 students were successful. The instruction continues to be of a practical character. At tho Mitford IIospital the students do most of the drossing, compounding and administration of drugs; they keep records of cases, and are constantly put to practical examination at the bedside. 188. students, but at the close of the year there remained only 92, of whom 32 were stipend-holders in the second and third year. Owing to the backwardness of midde education in Behar, great difficulty is found in keeping up a supply of students who have passed the middle scholarship examination. It will probably be necessary cither to relax the initial test, or to induce qualified students to attend by the offer of scholarships in tho first year. There are students in the school. Of the 32 third-year students, 25 passed the final examination and obtained diplomas. Of the 40 second-year students, 33 passed the junior examination. 189. Cuttack Medical School.-Surgeon-Major W. D. Stewart was in charge of the school throughout the year. The number of students was 39 against 35 in the preceding year. Of these, 16 were in the first-year, 13 in the second-year, and 10 in the third-year class. Eight students who appeared at the final examination all paesed, and have accordingly boon granted licenses qualifying them for the post of Hospital Assistant. Of 11 junior students, 10 were found qualified for promotion to the third year. Efforts are being made to establish a class for training women. 190. The two Homøopathic Medical schools at Dacca had 157 pupils, against 168 of last year, and cost Rs. 2,310, collected from fees. The students come from Dacca, Furreedpur, Backorgunge, Mymensingh, Tipperah, Noukholly and Rajshahye. 191. ENGINEERING.-Tho institutions for teaching engineering and surveying are the Engineering College ut Seel pore, the three Government survey schools at Dacca, Patna, and Cuttack, and the Ranchi Survey class for the training of amins. The number of students in these institutions was 339, against 320 in the preceding year. 192. Engineering College, Scebpore. -The number of studonts in the Engineer department affiliated to the University was 52, against 42 in the procesling year; of these, 17 were in tho first, 20 in the second, 10 in the third, and five in the fourth-year class. The Approntice Dopartment consisted of 104 students, against. 107, distributed as follows:-24 in the first, 34 iu tho second, 27 in the third, and 13 in the fourth-year class. There were also six senior students. no free K ·74 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR SPECIAL INSTRUCTION The University examinations in Engineering were held in June 1885. There were five candidates for the License in Civil Engineering, of whom two passed in the second division ; and one candidate for tho License in Engineering (under the new regulations), who also passed in the second division. Owing to changes in the date of examination, only one student, who rejoined the college after a previous failure, was qualified to appear at the first examination in Engineering. He again failed to pass. At the annual examinations, 15 second-year students appeared ; of these, 8 were promoted to the third-year class. Of 19 first-year studente, 16 wore found qualified for promotion. During the year 27 students were admitted into the first-year class, of whom 10 subsequently left. 193. In the Apprentice Department, the six senior students left with certificates after the completion of their practical course. At the final examination of the fourth-year class, 13 students appeared, of whom three belonged to the old “Civil Overseer" claas. " class. These latter were successful. One has taken an appointment in Assam, and the other two are now engaged upon works in progress, so as to complete thoir course. Of the ten mechanical apprentices, nino passed tho examination. One of these has since resignod, and the remaining eight are now going through their 18 months' training in the workshops. The annual examinations were held in January. Twenty-four third-year students were examined, three having previously left the collego with suboverseer's certificates. Of thonO examined, nineteen were promoted to the fourth-year class, one of whom has since resigned. Thirty-four second-year students presented themselves for examination and 22 passed. Of 27 first-year students who appeared at the annual examination, 22 were promoted to the second-year class. Of 43 candidates who came up for admission, 25 passed the test examination, and 21 joined the college. Two boys, who had passed by standard VII of the Code for European schools, were also admitted to the first-year class. In accordance with the rules, one overseer's and three sub-overseer's certificates were granted to students on leaving the college. At the departmental examination for fourth grade accountants in the Public Works Department, 37 candidates appeared. Of these, 18 passed and received certificates. 194. One wing of the new buildings was taken over from the Public Works Department in June 1885. Sixty-four native students now reside in it. The building is satisfactory, with the exception of the floors, which should be laid down with cement or asphalt. Shelves and pegs are also required for students' books, clothes, &c. The native dining hall and cook-room are still lying unused, as drains have not been constructed round thom. This is a serious inconvenience, the old dining bungalow and kitchens being in a very dilapidated condition. 195. The second and third-year engineer classes proceeded to Mụddapore for survey work; the Principal, assisted by Babu Dwarka Nath Dutt, being in charge. Work began on the 23rd November and continued up to the end of January. The work of the senior students consisted in traversing a line of country about five miles long with a view to the construction of a railway. Having selected a line, its position was laid down by the theodolite; it was then levelled over, cross sections were taken, and the ietails of the country were filled in by plane-table. The second-year students were engaged upon a trigonometrical and traverse survey, the details of which were filled in by plane-table; also some time was spent in lovelling, contouring, laying out curves and side-widths and erecting profiles for embankments. The first-year class under tho direction of Mr. Slater made a chain and compass survey of the Botanical Gardens, and also did some levelling. The first second and third year apprentice classes were exercised in surveying and levelling in the neighbourhood of the college by Babu Surendra Kumar Bose. The fourth-year Engineer glass, accompanied by Mr. Slater, visited during the cold season the following works :- Burn and Company's Worka, Howrah. Hastings Lift Bridge. Chitpore Lock. Barrackpore Water-works and laying of the new 48-inch main.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 75 SPECIAL INSTRUCTION. ; The new Hooghly Bridge. Jamalpore East Indian Railway Workshops. 196. The health of the students has been fair during the past year ; there were no deaths, and the daily average of sick on the medical officer's books was (exclusive of casos of sprains, wounds, and other accidents) 5.85. As the average number attending class was 140, this gives a percentage of 4.18 on the daily sick-list, against 5.2 in 1884-85. The number of persons residing on the College premises on the 31st March 1886 was 286. The athletic club ie still maintained; but with the exception of football (of which all, oven Hindus, appear to be very fond) and lawn tenuis, the students do not enter into outdoor games. At the close of the year, the strength of the Seebpore College Volunteer Rifle Corps was 51 of all ranks ; of these, 39 were students. Mr. J. T. Simpson, Executive Engineer, Calcutta Workshops Division, was gazetted Captain of the Corps on 3rd April 1885, and has since been in command. 197 All students, with the exception of the senior Engineer class, attend the workshops as follows:- Engineer Department.--Daily, except Saturdays, from 1-30 P.M. to 4 P.M. Apprentice Department.–Daily, from 8 A.m. to 11 A.M., except on Saturdays, when they attend from 8 A.M. to 10 A.M. There were on the workshop-rogister 113 students, of whom 32 were Europeans and 81 natives. A set of new rules for the annual examination of students in practical work having been approved, the first examination under the rules was held during the year. Of 85 students who were examined, all but five were successful. The European students acquitted themselves creditably, and the Executive Engineer was also satisfied with the progress made by the native studonts. The influence of the examination is reported to be entirely satisfactory. The Executive Engineer is of opinion that, with a few exceptions, all the apprentices are likely to turn out useful and efficient men, quite competent for employment as forenien in workshops and as subordinates in the Public Works Department. 198. I have come to the conclusion that the present constitution of the Engineering College, and the course of studies pursued in it, require to be thoroughly overhauled. There is no doubt that the college is, for some reason or other, not attractive to students, and does not do for the Province such an amount of useful work as the large expenditure upon it would seem to require. Many causes have been assigned for this. On the one hand, it is alleged that the necessarily strict discipline maintained at Seebpore, where the students are housed and boarded as well as taught, is excessively irksome to them. Then they complain of the fatiguing work of the shops; and on this point i may state that many engineering authorities whom I have consulted attach but little importance to this characteristic feature of the Seebpore course,- at any rate as regards the Engineer students. Next, professors and pupils alike complain of what they stigmatise as the capricious character of the University examinations, and the arbitrary and uncertain nature of their results. It is alleged that a class will year after year, with a series of different examiners, pass well and creditably in a certain subject; and then suddenly, a new examiner being appointed, the same class of pupils, having received the same preliminary training, and having been taughi for the same time by the same professors, will all, or nearly all, be plucked in that subject. Lastly, there is the standing complaint that Government offers but little encouragement to the graduates of the college. This point, however, should not be laboured, for the Public Works Departmeut can of course offer students no more appointments than there are vacancies; and students must look more and more fully for employment to those great works of public utility which are being carried out by private agency. On the other hand, it has been alleged by those who have become acquainted with the work of the college as examiners or in other ways, that the course of instruction is in some respects antiquated and not in line with modorn requirements, and in some respects unpractical. These defects, if it is true that they exist, may, perhaps be attributed in some degree to the crystallising effect of a test applied by rigid University regulations; but their importance cannot be overrated if students are to look, as they will have to look more and more, to private fields of K 2 ·76 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR APECIAL DISTRUCTION employment in which the modern, practical, and adaptable worker alone is valued. The University is of necessity a slow-moving body, and on that and other grounds both the authorities of the college and its critics would probably be glad to see it dissociated from University control ; the certificates being awarded to successful studento by the Principal after a college examination, as I understand is the practice at Madras. There is no doubt that in this way the course of study could be modified from time to time with perfect ease, as circumstances might require; the course would become more elastic; and further, there would cease to be any ground for the complaint of arbitrary and fluctuating tests being applied to the students. Still, its connexior with the University gives a recognised position to the college and the students trained in it, and at any rate it secures the course of study from violent or unnecessary changes. The question of maintaining University control over the college may well be considered, but it is clear that the arguments are not all on one side. 199. Ducca Survey School. There were 52 students in the first-year and 25 in the second-year class, against 24 and 23 respectively in the previous year. In the beginning of the session, the number in the first-year class was as high as 79, but several students had to leave the school for want of means. The fees amounted to Rs. 809 against Rs. 555 in the year before. The gross expenditure was Rs. 3,352 against Rs. 3,395. Of the 23 students who were in the first-year class at the beginning of the year, 19 appeared at the annual examination. Of these 15 were promoted to the second-year class. Out of 24 second-year students, 22 went up for the final examination, and 14 passed and obtained certificates. 200. Patna Survey School. There were 65 students on the rolls, against 54 in the preceding year. The Hindus numbered 41 and the Mahomedans 23 There was one Eurasian. The fee receipts amounted to Rs. 712, against Rs. 570 in the previous year The total expenditure was Rs 2,464 against Rs. 2,541. Of the 26 first-year students who app ared at the annual examination, 19 passed and were promoted to the second-year class. At the final examination 25 second-year students presented themselves, of whom 24 passed, 8 in the first, 13 in the second, and 3 in the third division. 201. Cuttack Surrey School. There were 59 students, against 55 in the preceding year. There were 37 Hindus, one Mahomedan and one Christian, The fees amounted to Rs. 498 against Rs. 493, and the expenditure was Rs. 2,644 against 2,749 in the preceding yoar. At the final examination 25 students presented themselves and 23 were successful. 202. Ranchi Survey Cluss.--This class is attended solely by native Christians, who have received their preliminary education in the local mission schools. It was sturted in 1882-83 under the auspices of Mr. Power, then Deputy Commissioner of Lohardugga, with the object of training anins for employment in the Settlement Department as well as in the road cess and other local works. The course of studios consists of practical goometry, mensuration, drawing, and surveying with the chain and compass. The work of teaching is conducted by the third master of the zilla school in his leisure hours, for which he is allowcä an additional remuneration of Rs. 10 a month. Ever since its foundation, the class has enjoyed a grant of Rs. 25 from the funds of the Ranchi Municipality. The Corporation has since given notice that this grant is to cease from the beginning of the present financial year; and the class has accordingly been closed. On the 31st of March last there were 7 pupils on the rolls, against 15 at the close of the previous year. 203. ART AND INDUSTRY.--The Government School of Art in Calcutta is the most important institution under this head. It continues to maintain its high character, and has during the year received some accession of pupils. The death during the year of Mr. H. Locke, the late Principal, who for mony years laboured to raise the institution to a high point of excellence, is largely regretted by all friends of the school. He was succeeded by Mr. Schaumburg, whose services promised to be of the utmost value to the school, especially in the development of Industrial Art, but who also unhappily died very shortly after his appointment. The institution was then placed in temporary charge of M. Ghilardi, the Assistant Principal.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 77 BPECIAI INSTRUJOTTON. a The industrial schools at Mahisadal, Midnapore, and Bankoora are also deserving of notice. 204. School of Art.-The number of students on the roll was 183, against 157 in the year before. The receipts from fees amounted to Rs. 3,118, against Rs. 3,406 in the preceding yoar, and the expenditure was Rs. 18,818 against Rs. 22,642. The cast and bust drawing class left something to be desired in the treatment of reflections and half tints as well as in projections, though the detail was correct. Some progress has, however, been already made in this class. In the wood carving and metal chasing classes a change has been made in the character of the work, which has hitherto consisted chiefly in chiselling small copper plates or carving strips of wood. For the futuro these classes will produce useful articles, having already taken in hand two artistic coffers of pure Hindu style, with figures, ornaments, and emblems, after a model designed by M. Ghilardi, and exocuted by the head-master, Babu Annada Prasad Bagchi. Tho lithographic and wood engraving classes are progressing satisfactorily, and are able to undertake orders from private persons, The architectural and mechanical class also contains very good material; and it has been arranged that, at the re-opening of the class, examples on large scale in the different ordors of architecture shall be taken in hand, The modelling class, though the attendance is small, promises well. Some good copies of small sculpture have been made. The elementary drawing classes, attended by 50 students, is likely to contributo uew and strong elements to the superior classes. 205. The only innovation introduced into the course has been a class of fresco painting under M. Ghilardi's superintendence, and conducted entirely on the principles of ancient Indian docorative art. The character of this decoration has, it is alleged, been so much neglected, and at the present day has become so tinged by the admixture of European elements, that we seldom find in the productions of nutive artists any genuine inpress of the local character. The same may be said to a certain extent of architecture; to a greater degree of the manufacture of cloth and carpets, wood carving and inetal chasing (repoussé work); and most of all, of mosaic and fresco decorations. M. Ghilardi adds :-" The late M. Schaumburg, pointed out to me the necessity of reinstating Indian Decorative Art in its original brilliancy; but both he and myself were fully aware that we should have beou undertaking a task beyond our powers, for the reason that we should have found in the native students themselves the chief and the strongost opposition to our efforts. It is for this reason that our newly-established fresco painting class nurnbers only eight students. If our 163 students were asked which branch of the profession they would rather cultivate, the majority of them would answer portrait painting. A decorative painter is not hold in great cstoein among Indians, and is considered littlo better than a mechanic. The Musulmans on this point show better judgment. I should fail in my duty if I omitted to bring to notice the great advantage that the school derives from the merits and special services of the head-master, Babu Anuada Prasad Bagchi, whose nanner of fulfilling his duties is beyond praise. I hope that the Government may be inducod to reward tho merits of this talented teacher, who doos credit to the school. Ho has the soul of an artist, is above all ignorant projudices, and I do not hesitate to place him first among Indian artists." 206. Art Gallery, Calcutta.—The sanctioned grant was Rs. 10,000, and the actual expenditure Rs. 5,034. The gllery was open to the public for 102 days. The total number of visitors to the gallery was 2,901:- Europeans and East Indians 237, Hindus 2,517, Mahomedans 147. Tho gallery was closed to the public for repairs from the 25th August to the 31st Decomber 1885. Five European and East Indian gentlemen copied pictures from the gallery, and the advanced students of the School of Art have mado free use of this privilege. The pictures now in the possession of the gallery are the following: oil-colour paintings 69; watercolour paintings 64; engravings 78; chromolithographs 51; chalk and pencil drawings 5; photographs und cther works of art 41. Total number 308. common ·78 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR SPECIAL 207. The following works of art were procured for the Gallery during the year :- WAYATRUTION L. 8, d. 91 Oil paintings :-Woodbury Common, Devon, by J. Birkmyre. Purohased from Mr. Birkmyre for A Portrait, School of Janet. Purchased by Lord Northbrook A View of Haarlem Borkheyden Landscape, Wynants Studies of Cows' heads, Paul Potter Portrait of Philip le Roy, Vandyok View of the Pyramids, Frank Dillon A Calm, Koekkoek Picture of Sheep, Morland Portrait of himself, Rubens Water colours :-Negro Girl, Hunt Winchester Cathedral, Mackenzie One picture, F. Underhill Four pictures, ditto. Presented by Lord Northbrook. Ten engravings of Greek decorations from the Villa Negroni at Romo. Purchased by Lord Northbrook for ... Key plate to the battle of Trafalgar, sent by Lord Northbrook. 20 0 0 80 0 0 181 18 0 110 6 29 16 6 86 0 0 80 0 0 31 1 6 36 0 0 19 17 0 93 14 0 5 10 6 6 0 0 99 9. 40 00 ... 208. Ranchi Government Industrial School.---This school enjoyed a gross grant of Rs. 100 a month throughout the year. The number of pupils on its rolls on the 31st of March lust was 24, all of whom received stipends. Instruction was imparted to these pupils in carpentry, and in elementary reading, writing and arithmetic. The District Committee is not satisfied with the working of the school, and the question of ro-organising or closing it is at present under consideration. The total expenditure on the school was Rs. 1,600, of which Rs 1,200 were paid by the Stato, and Rs. 400 met from the sale-proceeds of articles manufactured by the teachers and pupils. The furniture turned out is of the bazar type. The head mechanic master, Mr. Raynbird, has resigned, but he is still counected with the school as its Honorary Superintendent. 209, The Lalbagh Technical School. This school has now worked for a full year, and has 63 students. The Moorshedabad Municipality contributed Rs. "469 towards its support, and Rs. 165 were raised from subscriptions. It is managed by a Committee, who have appointed an Honorary Superintendellt and two teachers. An examination was held at the close of the year, and prizes were distributed to the successful students. The school began with imparting instruction (gratis) in clock.repairing, carpentry, and electroplating. Latterly, drawing and soap-making have been introduced. Ivory, bidri and embroidery works will shortly be taken in hand. 210. The Berhampore Technical School. It was opened in February 1886, and on the 31st March last had 93 students on the rolls, consisting of young pupils as well as of pleaders, ministerial officers, &c. The Berhamporo Municipality contributed Rs. 120 towards the expenses of the school. Maharani Sarnamayi of Kossimbazar gave a donation of Rs. 500 for the purchase of tools and implements. Drawing, carpentry and clock-repairing are the subjects of instruction. 211. The Assistant Inspector of the Presidency Division adds :-"Besides the two regular technical schools mentioned above, a technical class was opened in connection with the middle vernacular schools at Kandi and Jemua, and the high English school at Jangipore, all in the district of Moorshedabad. These three technical classes should have been showu in the district return 88 separate institutions. Carpentry, drawing, and sewing are the subjects taught. The Kandi Municipality bears the cost of the technical class at Kandi, attended by, 17 pupils. The zemindar of Jemna pays the salaries of the teachers of the technical class at that place, which is attended by 55 pupils. T'he technical class at Jangipore, attended by 50 pupils, is maintained by private subscriptions. 21%. Bankoora Technical Schools. Of the two schools in Bankoora, one is situated in the sudder station of the district, and the other is at Bissenpore. They have together 60 pupils on their rolls. The school at Bankoora receives a grant of Rs. 25 a month from Government. Instruction is given in carpentry, tinsmith's work and wicker-work. Beyond those who would under any circumstances have learnt these branches of labour, only a few pupils of other castes are to be found in the school. :- >> ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 79 SPECIAL INSTRUCTIOX. 214. The Bissenpore school was opened in February last. It is supported by the local Municipality, and also received a Government grant of Rs. 110 in one sum during the year. Carpentry and tinsmith's work are taught in the school. The District Deputy Inspector does not speak well of the school, but it is too early to form any correct opinion about its prospects. 213.' Midnapore Industrial School. The Industrial school at Midnapore is under the American Baptist Mission. It has 131 pupils, all belonging to the lower orders of the people, and learning the simple industrial arts, such as ropemaking and needlo-work. The upper primary standard with a little English is also taught. It has a monthly grant of Rs. 15 from Government. None of its pupils competed at the last upper primary scholarship examination. Maisadal Raja's Technical School. This is an unaided school. It has received its name in recognition of the endowment of Rs. 5,000 founded by tho Maisadal estate for the permanent support of the school, and of other donations from the same source for the supply of materials and other appliances, as noticed in the last report. The number of pupils has fallen during the year from 68 to 41. Most of the pupils are students of the high and middle schools in the town, and attend the industrial school after their other work is over for the day. Twenty of the 41 pupils learn carpentry, and 13 tinsmith's work. 215. Nawadi Industrial School.- This school is kept up at the Nawadi rail. way station by the East Indian Railway Company, at a cost of Rs. 120 a year, for the elementary training of the people in its employ. There were 34 students, against 38 in the preceding year. 216. Bengal Music School. - The numerical strength came down from 37 to 32. The school sits thrice a week in the evening in the premises of the Calcutta Training school, and works for two hours at a time. Indian music is taught, both theoretically and practically. The practical portion comprises the teaching of vocal as well as of instrumental music. The instruments used are bahulina (violin), sctar, mridanga, and tabla. Tho expenditure on the school was Rs. 1,200, of which Rs. 198 were from feos and Rs. 300 from provincial revenues. Raja Sir Surendra Mohan Tagore, the founder of the school, contributed tho sum of Rs. 702. The Bankura Music School-Had 22 pupils. It has made some progross in vocal and instrumental music. 217. Madhubani Sanskrit School.-This school has a grant of Rs. 25. The financial condition of the school is unsatisfactory owing to the difficulty of realising the subscriptions. The number ou the roll is 38 against 45 last year. The teaching in tho school has improved through the exertions of the head pandit, Ambika Datta Vyasa. The Benures College course has been introduced, nine boys have passed the “ Pratham Pariksha,” and one is reading for the “Madhyam Pariksha.” Godna Sanskrit School.—This school is called “Sir Rivers Thompson's Gautama Pathsala,” tho foundution stone of the school building having been laid by His Honor. It has an annual grant of Rs. 443 from the Revilgunge Municipality, and tho subscriptions amount to Rs. 1,027. The special subject taught is logic. No fees are taken. The number on the roll was 67. Pooree Sanskrit School.--This school was founded and endowed by the late Maharaja Sir Digbijay Singh, of Balrampore in Oudh. The number of students was 46, against 35 of the previous year. Two candidates appeared at the Sanskrit Title examination, of whom one passed. It has been proposed to amalgamate this institution with the Pooree zillah school; and the question is under consideration. 218. The Sanskrit Titlo examination was held in April 1885. There were 106 candidates against 80 in the preceding year. of these, 99 actually presented thumselves for examination, and 36 passed against 43. Of the candidates, 96 were Bengalis, 4 Uriyas and 6 Hindustanis; 103 were Brahmins, 2 were Baidyas, and 1 was a Kayasth. There were 44 candidates for examination in Sanskrit Literature, 36 in Hindu Law, and 26 in Hindu Philosophy. Of the successful candidates, 15 passed in literature, 18 in law, and only 3 in philosophy. The total cost of the examination was Rs. 462, of which Rs. 250 were contributed by Government, and the remainder from the fees of candidates. A second examination was held in February 1886, at ·80 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR NPUCIAL INSTRUOTJON. which 36 candidates were successful, viz., 28 in literature, 5 in law, and 3 in philosophy. The usual rewards end prizes were paid on both occasions to the most successful candidates. They are provided partly from the Government grant of Rs. 1,500, and partly from the munificent private endowments that have been founded with this object. 219. Bhootea Boarding School. The number of pupils on 31st March was 31, the same as last year, divided into seven classes. They learn both English and Tibetan, but are not subjected to any public examination. The first class has not yet reached the standard of the Entrance examination. The total expenditure during the year was Rs 4,058, being Rs. 58 in excess of the net grant Rs. 4,000. Of the total cost, Rs. 2,166 was spent on establishment, Rs. 402 on stipends, Rs. 792 on boarding charges, and Rs. 696 on contingencies of all kinds. The cost of educating each pupil was Rs. 133 against Rs. 134 of the previous year. Two of the threo pupils in the first class are employed as English teachers, and have charge of the last four classes. They draw Rs. 25 a month each. The Inspector of the Rajshuhye Circle expresses the opinion that too little use is made of the boys bi brought up in this school, who are specially qualified for employment in the Political and other departments of Government on the hills. Nevertheless, a list of those pupils trained in the school who are now employed as interpreters, explorers, and surveyors, is sufficiont to testify to its utility. 220. Agricultural Scholarships.-During the yoar under report Mr. N. N. Banerjea, B.A., was elected agricultural scholar. The other scholarship was not awarded. VII.-- FEMALE EDUCATION. 221. The following tablo compares the statistics of schools for native girls for the past two years :- FEMALR KDUCATION. 1884-85. 1885-86. Schools, Pupils. Schoolk. Pupils. GIRLS' SCHOOLI- Maintained by the Department ... Ditto by Municipal Boards Aided by the Department or by Municipal Boards Unaided 2 4 186 160 201 169 ... ... O.O 2,168 136 37,662 2,789 2,048 242 39,216 3,746 . Total 2,309 10,797 2,206 43,321 I. 35,749 .. ...... ...... GRAND TOTAL. 2.3 9 w Girls in boys' scbools 34,716 76,546 2,296 78,037 222. The number of girls' schools has decreased from 2,309 to 2,296, but their pupils have risen from 40,797 to 43,321. The number of girls in boys' schools has declined from 35,749 to 34,716. There were three high English and four middle English schools for girls, as in the previous year, but the number of middle vernacular schools fell from 19 to 15. There was a decrease of two schools in the Burdwan Division, and of one school in each of the Divisions of Rajshahye, Dacca, and Chittagong and in the town of Calcutta. Upper primary girls' schools rose from 266 to 274, and their pupils from 8,383 to 9,294. Lower primaries numbered 2,000 with 32,912 pupils, against 2,017 with 31,053. The following statement shows their distribution during the last two years: Lower primary schools for girls. 1884-86, 1885-80. Bchoola, 308 ... 56 ... Schools. 313 43 137 160 931 138 60 115 70 46 Preridoncy Calcutta Burdwan Rajshahye Daoca Chittagong Patna Bhagulpore Chota Nagpore Orissa Tributary Mohals ... Pupilk. 6,869 1,112 2.800 2 281 11,204 1,508 1,110 2.02:53 2,318 864 72 l'aspils. 6,604 1,441 2,656 1,820 9,326 3,099 1,511 2,904 2,233 1,236 82 127 115 747 279 98 194 82 62 2 ... UU Total 2,017 00 31,053 2,000 32,912 ·81 FEMALE RDUOATION. NSTRUCTIO OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Most of these schools are aided from the primary grant, and the fluctuations in their numbers in the different Divisions are due mainly to changes in tho system of administering that grant. The old departmental rule of paying the guru one rupee for five girls actually under instruction is in force in some districts, and is capablo of considerable exteusion. 223. Tho following table shows the attendance and expenditure in schools for girls : EXPENDITURE. CLA88 OF SCITOOLA. Numbor of schools. Number of pupils on tho rolls on the 31st March 1886. Average number on the rolls monthly. Averago daily uttondance, Governinent, Local sources. Total. Re. Ra. Ra. Maintained by the Department Pitto by Municipal Boards Aided by the Department or by Municipal Boardo. Unaided 2 4 2,048 201 150 39,215 189 103 85,048 146 99 27,083 17,2016 90,011 6,100 1,€8,044 22,306 982 2,58,7016 3,748 3,277 2,504 13,000 13,800 .. Tota/ 2,265 43,321 39,678 29,900 1,07,216 1,84,826 2,96,42 224. The two dopartmental schools aro tho Bethune School and the Eden Femalo School at Dacca. Their aggregate cost was Rs. 22,305, of which the State contribution was Rs. 17,205. In the 2,018 aided schools the Government expenditure was Rs. 0,011, or Rs. 44 for cach school, while the total expendituro was Rs. 2,58,705, or at the rate of Rs. 126 a school. These avorages, however, include schools of all degrees of cost. From a further analysis of the returns it appears that the number of native girls' schools aided from the grant-in-aid allotment is 356, with 11,344 pupils; from circle and inunicipal grants, 35 schools with 1,319 pupils; and from the primary grant, 1,660 schools with 26,664 pupils. A grant-in-aid girls' school costs Rs. 162 a year, while a primary grant school costs only Rs. 18. These figures clearly indicate the direction in which wo must look for the further development of this important branch of public instruction. The guru of a boys' school can and does take charge of an infant girls' class in addition to his other duties at a trifling remuneration; and although the instruction he can give is of a very elementary character, the people readily send their children to his care, and in many cases the pupils gain a sound and sufficient knowledge of the elements of learning before they are compelled to quit the school. 225. The school department of the Bethune School had 142 pupils on its rolls, against 121 in the preceding year. The college department had five students, namely, two in the first and three in the fourth year class. No candidate had passed the Entrance examination of 1884, and therefore there were no second-year students. The two candidates who appeared at the first Arts examination of 1885 both failed, and withdrew their names; consequently there were no third-year students. There were no candidates from this school at any other University examination held in 1885. Three pupils appeared at the Entrance examination of April 1886, and one of them, Sarala Ghosal, passed in the second division. There were no candidates froin this school at the First Examination in Arts of 1880. Two young ladies, however, passed this examination from other schools, one in the first division from the Doveton, and one in the second from the Free Church Normal School. Of the three candidates from tho Bethune School for the B.A. degree, Kamini Sen passed with honours in Sanskrit, and Priyatama Dutt took the ordinary degroo. The cost of the college classes was Rs. 3,323, of which Goveruinent contributed Rs. 3,100. The school department cost Rs. 16,778, of which Rs. 4,358 were raised from fcos and Rs. 12,420 paid by Government. 226. Tho Eden Feinale School had 59 pupils on its rolls, against 62 in the previous year; the focs rose from Rs. 96 to Rs. 112, while the subscriptions fell off from Rs. 652 to Rs. 360. At the same time the cost of the school to Govornment declinod from Rs. 5,010 to Rs. 4,785. Two girls appeared at the Entrance examination, of whom one, Bimala Gupta, passed in the third division. Three appeared at the lower primary examination, of whom one passed. 227. The hostel for female medical students, for which the Maharani Sarnumayi contributed the sum of one lakh und fifty thousand rupees, is now complete. The Government of Bengal las ruled that girls who pass the L ·82 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR er ‘OF PEMAI. EDUCATION. con- Entrance examination may, after a three years' course of instruction, be admitted to the final test and honour examinations of the Medical College, and receive on passing certificates qualifying them to practice medicine, surgery and midwifery. Female students on Sir Walter de Souza's foundation in nexion with Lady Dufferin's Fund are also admitted to the same privileges. There are 11 scholarships of Rs. 15 a month on this foundation, besides freo studentships. The year has therefore been marked by an important advance in the provision for the higher education of women in medicine. 228. The following table shows the principal institutions in Calcutta for the promotion of female education among natives, that receive Government aid. The schools are all attended by native girls, except the Church of England Normal School, in which European and Eurasian girls are trained to be teachers in native schools and zenanas. The total monthly Government grant is Rs. 2,469, against lis. 2,420 in the preceding year:- 1.--Zenuna Agencies. Monthly grant. 'Rs. P. 762 () 0 300) 100 90 0 .. American Zenann Mission Agency Church of fuglandZenara Mission Agency Church of Scotland ditto ditto Free Churih ditto ditto ... ... ... Total 1,242 0 0 II.-- Normal Schools. Free Church Normol School Church of Eugland Zenana Mission Normal School ... 160 10 8 100 () Total 320 10 8 JII.-Orphanages. 0 0 ... Church of Scotland Orphanage American Mission Orphanage (Foundling Asylum) Free Church Orphanage .10 100 75 0 .. Total ... 215 IT'.-Schools for Native Girls. 0) ... 2 0 20 0 20 0 20 0 20 ... 0 () .. ... 80 I. ... .. 100 0 50 0 (A)-GRANT-IN-AJD ALLOTMENT. Church of Scotland Sobhabuzar (Nundaram Sen's Lane) Dhopnpara Kidderpore Sonai Bacurbugan Free Church Dr. Duff's ... ... ... Church of England- Christ Church (High English) Central (Middle Vornacular) Mirzapore Shyam bazar (Darjipara) Kansaripara Sobhabazar (Rajbati) Methodist Episcopal-- Dr. Thoburn's Native Girls', Dhurrumtollah Wesleyan Mission-- Toltollah ".. American Unitarian Association - Mr. Dall's, Dhurrumtollah ... Nativo wanagomont Darjipara Hindu Total 25 20 0 26 0 cccccc ... ... . .. 25 0 0 ..a .. 20 ... 0. .. 40 00 .. ... O 25 0 597 0 0 ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 83 (B)-PRIMARY ALLOTMENT. FEMALE EDICATION. II. . ... ... .. ... ... ... ... ... Shyambazar (Wesleyan Mission) Chorebagan Hindu Madan Mitter's Lane Rambagan, 1 Goabagan Lang Sinduríuputi Machooabrazar 2nd Street (Church of England) Camac Street (Wesleyan Mission) Manicktollate Street Kansaripara Amherst Street Sukea's Street Monthly grant. RA. P. 10 0 () 10 0 0 8 0 8 8 0 8 7 8 0 7 0 6 6 6 5 8 0 5 8 0 ... .. ::::: 20 OC OOOCOOCOO CO .. . . ... ... ... ... . P DO ... ... Total 89 0 0 GBAND TOTAL 2,469 10 8 229. High Schools in Calcutta. - The Christ Church Girls' School is the only aided high school. It is under the management of Miss Neele, and is highly spoker of by the Officiating Inspector of the Presidency Circle. The number of pupils on its rolls roxo from 10 to 43. Of theso, 36 were Nativo Christians, 4 Hindus, and 3 Mahomedans. The school is chiefly intended for the benefit of the middle class native converts rosiding outside the town. It is interesting to note that Mahomedans, who are generally backward in giving English education to their children, are sending their girls to this school. Many of the pupils are boarders. The school has not yet attained the standard fixed for the Entranco examination. There is provision for teaching neodlework, drawing and music in addition to the ordinary subjects. The expenditurc was Rs. 5,796, Rs. 1,476 being paid by Governinent, and an equal sum being realised from foes. 230. Middle Vernacular Schools in Calcutla.---The four so-called middlo vernacular schools are the Church of Scotland Orphanago, the Free Church Orphanage, the Foundling Asylurn, and the Central School. The Free Church Orphanage was returned last year as an upper primary school. With the exception of the last, each of those schools has a training class attached to it for the purpose of preparing mistressos for girls' schools and Lzenanas. A little English is taught in all of them, in addition to the vernacular subjects. There is also provision for teaching needle-work. None of them actually read the middlo vernacular standard. The text books they use are low, except in language. As they do not follow the course fixed either for the middlo vernacular or for the upper primary scholarship, it is difficult to reduce them to any departmental classification. The number of pupils in these schools wils 379, and the expenditure on them was Rs. 20,3322, of which Rs. 2,867 were contributed from provincial roveuues and Rs. 17,455 from local sources, 231. Upper Primary Schools in Calcuttu.-The aided upper primary schools roso from 120 to 1:30, and their pupils from 2,787 to 3,119. Of these 130 schools, 116 with 1,791 pupils were zenana schools, and it with 1,328 pupils were of the ordinary kind. Two of these schools received now grants during the year, namely, Sobhabazar II and Badurbayan, both under the Church of Scotland Zonana Mission. The expenditure on the 116 zonina schools was Rs. 57,390, and that on the 14 girls' schools was Rs. 21,314, Government contributing for the former Rs. 15,00+ and for the latter Rs. 1,350). Thero were also three unaided upper primaries, with 200 pupils. The expenditure on them was Rs. 7,133, Rs. 253 being raised from fees. 232. The return of 116 zenana schools given above is not strictly accurate. It is explained in the following way: The work of instruction is the zenanas is in the hands of four missionary bodies called zenuna agencios, who employ among them 116 teachers; and for return purposes it has been tho practice to count each teacher as a school. The number of teachers employod under cach agency, and the number of pupils receiving instruction under each, are given below for the last two years :--- NAMK OF AGENCY. 1. American Mission Zenana Agency 2. Church of England ditto 3. Church of Scotland ditto 4. Free Church ditto Toucliers. OL 10 27 Pupils' 1,236 228 47 191 Tenclure. 06 10 27 13 l'upils. 1.394 70 188 2:39 ... ... Total 107 1,762) 110 1,791 3. 2 ·84 REFORT OF THE DIRECTOR YBMALK EDL'CATION. There has been an increase of 9 teachers and of 29 pupils. The operations of the agencies, it should be explained, are not confined to the town. They also send teachers to villages outside Calcutta. The duties of the teachers consist chiefly in visiting a certain number of houses once, twice or thrice in the week, and teaching young women or girls needle-work, in addition to reading, writing, and arithmetic in Bengali or English. In many houses it is not uncommon to find that advancod pupils lcarn only needle-work from the zenana teachers, and read Bengali or English with some of their male relatives. 233. The following table compares the number of pupils in the remaining 14 upper primary schools for girls for the last two years :- NAME OF SCHOOL. 1884-85. Pupils, 1886-86. Pupils. ... . ... 1, American Unitarian Association Girls' 2. Mirzaporo Church of England Zenana Mission Girls 3. Darjipara ditto ditto ditto 4. Darjipara Hindu (jirls' 6. Dhopapara Church of Scotland Zenana Mission Girls' 6. Kiddorpore ditto ditto ditto 7. Sonui ditto ditto ditto 8. Dr. Duff's Girls' (Free Church) Dr. Thoburn's Native Girls" (Methodist Episcopal) 10. Toltollah Girls' (Wesleyan) 11. Kansaripara C. T. Z. M. 12. Sobbabazar C.E. Z. M. 13. Sobhabazar II C. S. 2. M. 14. Badurbagan C.8 2. M. Free Church Orphanage* 80 76 72 110 80 100 4: 112 95 60 62 81 84 124 60 45 113 01 109 172 69 66 86 162 57 .. ... ... ... ro ... ... ... ... .. ...... 54 ... .... Total 1,025 1.333 ... • Classified this year as a middlo vornacular school. Thero was an increase of one aided school and of 303 pupils. With the exception of the Darjipara Hindu Girls', all these schools are under missionary management. The standards taught in them do not strictly conform to those prescribed either for tho uppor or for the lower primary scholarship examinatiou. There being no uppor primary scholarships for Calcutta, these schools havo no special inducement to read the correspondirg standard. The croation of a certain number of primary scholarships for girls has long boon under consideration. 234. The threc unaided schools noticed above are Bow Bazar under the Church of Scotland Zenana Mission, Dhurrumtollah under the Church of England Zenana Mission, and Chorebagan under native management. The Dhurrumtollah school was opened during the year. Besides these, there were several girls' schools under the American and Baptist Zenana Missions, which declined to furnish returns. 235. Lower Primury Schools in Calcutta.— These schools are separately classified, with regard rather to the system under which they are worked than to any difference of standard. They are aided by capitation grants, under tho system which was introduced in August 1884 for starting either girls' schools independently or girls' classes in connection with existing pathsalas. The number of these schools rose from 43 to 54, and their pupils from 1,112 to 1,359. This is a fairly successful result for 21 months' work. The maximum grant which a teacher inay earn under this system is Rs. 10. Of the 54 schools, 6 are under female teachers and 48 are conducted by gurus having separate pathsalas. The boys' pathsalas in Calcutta are generally held in the morning and afternoon, and remain closod from 10 A.M. to 3 P.M. The girls' schools under gurus are in consequence held botween the hours of 11 A.M. and 3 P.M. The 6 girls' schools under female teachers sit between the hours of 11 A.M. and 4 P.M. The standards taught in these schools are very low, and attempts should be inade to raiso them. The expenditure on them was Rs. 2,647, against Rs. 1,233 in the previous year, Government contributing Rs. 2,328 against Rs. 1,183. There were two unaided schools of this class with 82 pupils. They were started during the year and have not yot been subsidised. Both are conducted by female teachers ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 85 FEMALAR DODATION, Besides the above, there were 29 girls' classes, with 239 pupils. attached to lower primary schools for boys in Calcutta, against 34 classes with 285 pupils in 1884-85. In these classes the girls, most of whom are beginners, are taught along with the boys. 236. Mrs. Wheeler, Inspectress of Schools, has furnished the examination returns of 4,086 pupils reading in zenanas and in schools for infants in Calcutta and its neighbourhood. The standards under which they were examined are the following: The primary stago, lower section, is that of a pupil who can read little words, can distinguish the different letters composing the words, can write the alphabet neatly, can numerate up to 50, and who has not gono beyond that standard. In the higher section of tho primary stagc, a pupil should at least be ablo to read short stories, to spell words with compound letters, to write easy sentences from dictation, and to write and count the numbers up to 1,000. If sho can answer questions about the stories she has been rcading, can write portions of such stories from dictation, can read, spell, and explain compound words, can numerate up to five figures with ciphers, and do a simple addition sum, she is in the upper limits of the primary, und close to the middle stage. In the middle stage she should be able to read Bodhoday, write and spell well, and do addition and subtraction. If she further knows a little grammar and the definitions of geograplıy, can write and spell without mistakes, can turn a piece of poetry into prosc, and do a multiplication sum, she is approaching the confines of tho upper stage. These standards are applicable mainly to scliools under zenana agencies in Calcutta. The ordinery schools for girls read for the standards of the different scholarship examinations prescribed by Government, or for those fixed by tho Ilitakari Sabha of Uttarpara and other local associations for their own scholarships or reward examinations. Applying the foregoing standards to the 4,086 pupils examined, Mrs. Wheeler reports that 1,573 passed by her standards, 1,803 were mere infants, and 710 wero rejected. This is a large advance over the results achieved in the preceding year, when out of :3,702 pupils examined only 680 passed by the prescribed standards. Out of 836 pupils of the American Zenana Mission who were examined, 421 passed. The Church of England Zenana Mission presented 1,091 pupils for examination, of whom 462 passed. The Church of Scotland Zenana Mission had 752 pupils examined, and 317 passed. The Free Church Kenana Mission sent up 418 pupils, of whom 145 passed. Of the pupils of the Zenana Mission established in conncction with the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, 680 were examined and 189 passed. Schools unconnected with Zenana Missions presented 279 pupils, of whom 39 passed. These last are generally taught by male teachers. and are regularly inspected by the local inspe'ting staff of the Department. The following table shows in fuller detail the results of the examination: No. of pamls NUMBER PARSEI) DY TETE DIFFERENT NPANDARIN. No, ra NAVE OF MIGATON. Total. Infants. Jeetod. med. (a). T (2). 11. 1 INI. V. VI. .P. 836 1,0.91 762 139) 151 ng 11: Amorican Zepanu Mission Church of England ditto Do. of Acotland ditto Frite Church Socioty for the Propagation of the Gospel 83 2013 9) 10.; 88 (30) 37 30 4 6 3 GW 4112 317 1 15 1911 339 499 309 170 417 12 1.93 60 OX 680) 38 17 Mrs. Whecler's work lics chiefly among the zenanas in and near Calcutta, which are not open to thio inspection of the ordinary staff of the Department. This work is steadily assuming proportions which render it necessary that the undivided attention of the Inspcctress should be devoted to them. It will probably be necessary to relievo Mrs. Wheeler entirely from the inspection of infant schools taught by male teachers, which are inspected and controlled by the local officers. 237. In the Presidency Division the number of girls' schools for general education declined from 360 to 351, but the number of girls attending them increased from 8,120 to 8,489. There were also 3,516 girls in boys' schools, against 3,469 of the previous year; so that the total number of girls receiving school instruction was 12,005, against 11,589 in the preceding year. The ·86 REPORT OE TIIE DIRECTOR FEYE EDUCATION." Government expenditure on account of female education rose from Rs. 16,828 to Rs. 16,840, and the expenditure from local sourcos from Rs. 32,254 to Rs. 36,487. Eight girls out of nine passed the upper primary and 41 passed the lower primary scholarship examination. 238. The gurus of primary schools have been the chief agency through which more girls have been brought under instruction; and the general staff of Sub-Inspectors have also been very useful in 'supervising the work of the gurus in this respect and in rewarding them according to dopartmental rules. The Jessore-Khulna Union, the Central Bongal Union, the Takia-Hitakari Sabha, and the Sripur Hitasadhini Sabha in this division did good work during the year in promoting female education. The District Committees of Public Instruction at Jessore and Khulna pay Rs. 100 each towards the expenditure of the Jossore-Khulna Union on this account. 239. In the Burdwan Division the schools declined from 188 to 175, and their pupils from 4,660 to 4,409; but the girls in boys' schools were 8,180, against 7,487 in the preceding year. The Inspector urges that the schools ought to be more liberally assisted from public funds. In Burdwan and Midnaporo a capitation allowance of two annas is given for each girl who has made fair progress, the effect being that the gurus received very little. Both schools and pupils show an increase in Bankoora and Midnaporo. Of the 76 grant-in-aid schools, 41 are under the management of various missionary bodies, inclusive of 30 schools under zenana agencies. These agencies are (1) the Chinsurah Agoney, under Miss Raikos, with a grant of Rs. 80 a month ; (2) the American Baptist Mission Agency at Midnapore, under Miss Combe, with a grant of Rs. 50 a month; and (3 the agency undor Miss Mulvany at Burdwan, with a grunt of Rs. 20 a month. The Uttarpara Hitakari Sabha scholarship examinations were held in March Jast. These examinations are based upon three distinct standards, corresponding to what are departmentally known as the 4th, 5th, and 6th standards, respectively, for girls' schools. The oxaminations are accordingly of a threefold character, and are classed as junior, senior, and final. The standards as they now exist were revised in October 1885, so as to bring them on a level with the departmental standards, in order that a greater number of schools might be brought within the range of the Sabha's examinations. The object with which the standards were revised has been largely fulfilled. The girls' schools in Midnaporo, which in previous years kept theinselves aloof, have adopted the revised standards, and liave for the first time sent up candidates to the examination hold by the Sablia. Beerbhoom also has added to the list of affiliated girls' schools. 241. The results of the junior, senior, and final examinations held by the Hitakari Subha in March last are given below: 240. NUMBER OF EXAMINLAS AT NIMRER PASSEI), SETTOIANSNIT'S OBTAINED. DISTRIT. Junior. Senior, final. Toral. Junior. Serior. Final. Total. Junior. Senior, Fina!, Total. 0 31 183 3 0 I 3 13 11 Ilowrah Hooghly Furdwan ut'frlhoum Hankoura Midnaporu 15 10 > 2 60 92 3 11 1 13 28 105 48 36 18 41 IN 7 1 1 0 1 1 2 65 58 1 9 69 . 12 Total 218 59 13 170 86 9 216 37 15 5 67 242. It appears from the above table that 67 scholarships were awarded on the results of these examinations; five final scholarships are of the value of Rs. 3 a month cach, 15 senior of Rs. 2 a month, and 47 junior of Re. 1 a month. Howrah has taken up the largest number of scholarships, and Beerbhoom the smallest number. It is to be remembered, however, that these scholarships are competitive as between Howrah and Hooghly only; in the other districts of the division the number of scholarships is antecedently fixed for each. The 12 scholarships awarded in Midnapore are the result of splitting up one middle English scholarship into three senior scholarships of lis. 2 each and ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 87 FEMALE EDUCATION. nine junior scholarships of Re. 1 each, all tenable for one year. In Beerbhoom one additional senior scholarship of Rs. 2 and three junior scholarships of Re. 1 each were created during the year, so that the total number of scholarships for this district rose to eight, viz., one final, two senior, and five junior. One of the senior scholarships not being taken up, it was divided into two junior scholarships; hence ning scholarships were awarded this year. In Hooghly, two out of the sixteen lower primary scholarships assigned to the district have, as a special measure, been set apart for those that do not compete at the Hitakari examinations. In connection with the litakuri examinations, it is worthy of note that a Mahomodan girl succeeded in winning a junior scholarship in the district of Beerbhoom. 243. At the departmental upper primary scholarship examination for this division no girls competed. At the lower primary examination, however, eleven came forward--four from Burdwan, four from Midnaporo, one from Howrah, and two from Hooghly. Of these, seven were successful, viz., three from Burdwan, two from Hooghly, and one from each of the districts of Midnapore and Howrah. The successful pupil from Midnapore was a Sonthal girl, to whom, in lieu of a scbolarship, a prize in tho shape of an ornament of the value of Rs. 15 was given. 244. In the Rajshahye Division girls' schools declined from 169 to 124, and their pupils from 2,492 to 2,074. Girls in boys' schools foll from 1,817 to 1,464. This decrease is shared by all the districts except Rajshahiye. Both upper and lower primary boys' schools are attended by girls, but not as yet to any groat extent. The Government expenditure was Rs. 3,617, to meet Rs. 3,701 locally contributed. 245. In the Dacra Division the schools decreased from 953 to 770, and their pupils from 19,877 to 16,882, The Officiating Inspector attributes this decline chiefly to the levy of fees, but partly to the injudicious multiplying' of girls' schools in the Ducca district in the previous year. The Government expenditure has fallen from Rs. 17,101 to Rs. 14,410. from Rs. 17,101 to Rs. 14,110. One girl passed the Entrance examination in the third division, nine passed the upper, and 174 the lower primary scholarship exainination. Tho Inspector, Mr. Jlill, doubts whether native appreciation of female education will «ver show itself in steady pecuniary support. “ Even when native gentlemen wish their daughters to be educated, they are naturally averse to sending them away from their homes. llence the transfer of a few Government officers will often reduce a school froin the middle to the lower primary stage in a single day. If female cducation is to be a real thing it will be through the efforts of such bodies as the Hitaishini Sabha, which establishes good schools in suitablo places and by its subsidios prevents the teachers being dependent on the fluctuations of their roll-number. It is absolutely impossible to work female education in the same way as the education of boys, and the acknowledgment of this fact will be the first step in advance." 246. In the Chittagong Division the schools are reported to have increased from 142 to 285, and the number of girls (including those attending boys' schools) from 1,905 10 7,858. Three girls passed the upper and 20 the lower primary scholarship examination. In Tipperah, whicro the largest increase has taken place, the girls' schools have increased by 171, and the girls attending them by 2,121. This is due to the increase in the sanctioned allowance from 8 annas to one rupee for every five girls making progress. The loss of one middle class girls' school is due to a change of classification. The Tipperah Zenana Education Society, the Deputy Inspector remarks,“ held their annual examination of the zenanas in May 1885, in which 197 candidates were examined in eight different standards and 180 passed, against 98 out of 146 candidates of the previous year. How many of these are really zenana ladies and how many girls reading in the departmental schools, I am unable to find out from the information received from the Society." The Assistant Irspector thinks that the Society should be called upon to restrict its examination to actual zenana ladies, and not admit to it girls reading in schools; for in that case only can a proper estimate be formed of the actual work done by the Socioty in pronioting zenana education. In Chittagong the schools for girls have declined from 7 to 6, and the number of girls in schools has fallen from 1,339 to 9:31. The loss of schools, the Deputy Inspector reports, 66 is due to the Inspector's ·88 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR YOYAJ.X EDUCATION. 4 There are circular on the levying of fees in girls' schools, which was approved by the Magistrate. Girls' education is yet in its infancy, and the more so in Chitta. gong, which is very backward even in respect of boys' education. The falling off of girls in boys' schools is due to a general loss in lower primary schools during the year under report." In Noakholly, the number of girls schools of all classes has fallen from 96 to 71, but the number of girls in schools has advanced from 2,096 to 2,239. The Noakholly middle vernacular girls' school sent no candidates either to the middle or to the upper primary examination. 247. In the Patna Division the schools rose from 61 to 99, and their pupils fell from 4,672 to 4,292. This Division is still backward in female oducation, the only tolerably good schools being those attended by Bengali girls. 248. In the Bhagulporo Division there were 128 schools with 4,809 pupils, against 118 with 4,140 in the preceding year. There wero 1,911 girls roading in boys' schools. Tho number of schools in Monghyr has risen from 13 to 37, and the number of pupils from 239 to 805. The Commissioner and the Magistrate examined some of these schools and gave rewards to tho girls; 11 girls passed the lower primary scholarship examination. In the Bhagulpore district the number of schools has increased from 25 to 39, and their pupils from 466 to 1,005. Three girls appeared at the upper primary scholarship examination and one passed in the third division. A boné fide Sonthal girls' school with 21 pupils has been started in tho Sudder sub-division of the district. Purncah shows an increase of 12 girls' schools and 349 pupils. In the Sonthal Porgunnahs the number of girls' schools is 11; 1,028 girls attended school against 885 of the previous year. Two schools for the special education of Sonthal girls, taught by female teachers and supported from the primary grant, have been opened-one in the Godda and the other in the Rajmchal sub-division ; 5 girls and one female-teacher passed the lower primary scholarship examination. In the Bhagulpore Division, Muldah seems to be the least advanced in feniale education. It has only seven schools as in the previous year; but tho number of pupils has increased from 134 to 157. also 133 girls attending boys' schools. Two girls appeared at the last lower primary scholarship examination, of whom one passed in the first and the Other in the second division. 249. In Chota Nagpore there were 92 girls with 2,666 pupils, against 80 with 2,638 in the preceding year. Girls in boys' schools numberd 1,973 against 2,023. Eleven schools in Singbhoom are reported to have boon closed for want of funds--a statement which appears to imply that the primary grant was not efficiently administered in this respect, Tho girls of aboriginal races numbered 938 against 1,121 in the year before. This decrease is due to the closing of schools in Singbhoom. At the lower primary scholarship examination 61 candidates out of 83 wero successful. The mistress of u girls' school also passed this examination. 250. In Orissa the number of girls' schools has increased from 59 to 75, and their pupils from 1,421 to 1,780. This increase of 16. schools and 359 pupils, which is almost wholly confined to the Cuttack district, is duo to the encouragement given to the establishment of girls' schools by the offer of stipends out of the district primary assignment. The number of girls in boys’ schools shows a satisfactory advance in the Cuttack district and a slight increaso in Pooree; while in Balasore it exhibits a considerable decreaso, attributed by the district Deputy Inspector to tho exclusion of inferior pathsalas f. m the annual returns. At the middle vernacular, scholarship two girls from the Cuttack Ilindu girls' school were successful, and 18 girls passed the upper primary scholarship examination. At the lower primary scholarship exaininution 80 girls were successful-a number which probably exceeds the total number of girls who have passed that examination since the introduction of the primary system into Orissa. Cuttack has passed the largest number of girls, next comes Balasore, and then Pooree. This satisfactory result points to the wholesome character of the extension of female education which has been effected in Cuttack under the operation of the primary system in the course of the last two years. 261. In the Orissa Tributary Mehals thoro were six girls' schools. The number of girls under instruction was 313. Five girls passed the lower primary scholarship examination.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 89 EDUCATION OR EUROPEANS. was VIII.-EDUCATION OF EUROPEANS. 252. In accordance with the practice of former years, I have thought it desirable to lay Mr. Nash's report in full before Government, with slight modi. fications. The most important event in connection with European education in Bengal during the year under report was the definite substitution of the Code system of payment by results for the system of fixed grants previously in force. Tho scale of grants given in the draft Code submitted to the Government of India in 1882 was based upon data which were known to be inaccurate. The Committee, therefore, in their report recommended that this scale should not be introduced for two years, and that during that period all the schools should be regularly inspected and examined under tho Code with a view to the detormination of a suitable scale of grants. l'his recommendation accepted by the Government of India, and during tho years 1883-84 and 1884-85 all the aided schools in Bengul were examined, and tho amounts that they would have earnod at the Code rates were recorded. At the closc of the examination season of 1884-85, Mr. Nash proposed a new scalo of grants for both attendance and instruction, and showed the probable result of the application of this scale to every aided school in tho Province. In determining the new rate of grants, the main object which he kept in view was to disturb the existing grant to each school as little as possible, and especially to avoid any sudden and large reduction in the monthly grant to a deserving school. This necessitated an increase in the total cxpenditure on monthly grants, which Mr. Nash estimated at Rs. 85,000. howevor, modified at the Conference of Inspectors of European Schools held at Nrini Tal in April and May 1885. The grants for attendance were slightly lowered, but tho instruction grants wcro raised, and in consoquence the total expenditure for the year amounted to about Rs. 86,000. The scale of instruction yrants originally proposed by Mr. Nash was accepted by the members of the conference recontly held at Mussoorie, and has recently been sanctioned by the Government of India, though its introduction has been postponed until next year. The effect upon individual schools of the introduction of the new system will be shown in a later paragraph. On the whole, it may be stated that good schools have generally obtained an increase of grant, and that in every caso wliere a school has lost u considerable portion of the grant, this is the result of bad teaching or of bad management. 253. The following table shows the number of Government, aided, and unaided schools on the 31st March 1886, as compared with the corresponding number on 31st March 1885:- It was, Number of schools on the 31st March Number of scholars in them on the 31st March C'LASS. 1885. 1886. 1885). 1886, 1 Government Aided Unaided 1 51 10 92 5,033 1,261 94 4,951 1,053 15 Total 69 02 6,389 6.098 There is an apparent decrease of two in the number of aided schools, but this does not indicate any real loss. Two of the schools included in last year's returns have ceased to be recognised as schools, being transforred to the list of charitable institutions. Threo schools have been closed during the yearall of them small primary schools-and three have been added to the list of aided schools, ono being an entirely new school. The decrease of five in the number of unaided schools is due to the fact that several schools have declined to subunit returns. Of the ten schools shown in the table, two will receive grants under tho Codo during the present year, and a third has applied for a grant. . The Dovoton Institution for Young Ladies has also applied for a grant, but has not submitted any returns. M ·90 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR EDUCATION OF EIROPRANA 254. The classification of schools as primary, middle, and Entrance schools is given in the following table. This classification is in accordance with Article 16 of the Code as far as aided primary and middle schools are concerned, but not as regards Entrance schools. Mr. Nash is of opinion that none of the schools can be classed as high schools under Article 16, since none of them have yet sent up candidates for examination by the final standard of Schedule I. Five schools have received aid under Article 30, and are therefore entitled to be recognised as High Schools, B.” Of the remaining six, two are aided and four are unaided. The aided schools ought strictly to be classed as middle schools under the Code, since the high departments are not recognised. The unaided schools have not adopted the Code standards, and it is doubtful whether they can be classed under any one of the three heads-primary, middle, or high. In consequence of this doubt, Mr. Nash has called all schools that prepare candidates for the University examination Entrance schools instead of high schools :- NUMBER OF BCIIOLARS IN THEM ON TIE 810T MAKCI Number of schools on the 31st March CLASB. 1885. 1886. 1885. 1886, Boys. Girls. Total Boys. Girls. Total. ... ... Entradoe Middle Primary 16 35 18 11 37 1,522 1,660 262 555 1,927 183 2,077 3,587 725 1,232 1,799 296 293 2,042 416 1,546 3,841 712 14 ... Total ... 68 62 3,144 2,966 6,389 3,347 2,751 6,098 This table requires no special commort. The decrcase in the number of schools has already been explained, and the changes of class are few and unimportant. 255. The following table shows the rost to Government of European education in Bengal for the last two years :- 1884-85. 1885-80. Government Schools Monthly grants Aided Sobools Building and furniture grants (Pupil-teachers' grants Inspection Scholarships Rs. 13,268 79,829 94,933 1,552 19,666 558 Rs. 12,201 86.114 35,000 2,350 24,217 1,464 ... ... ... Total 2,09,806 1,61,346 The cost of the Government Boarding School at Kurseong is less than the estimate by about Rs. 2,000. The total expenditure on monthly grants was originally estimated at Rs. 86,826, but the sanctioned expenditure was Rs. 83,000. The actual expenditure was less than the budget estimato by about Rs. 700, but exceeded the the sanctioned exponditure by Rs. 3,000. It has been already stated that the change in the scale of grants for class and special subjects increased the expenditure under this head by nearly Rs. 2,000. The expenditure on building grants is much less than the estimate, because several of the grants that had been sanctioned for payment in 1885-86 were afterwards transferred to 1886-87. The expenditure on pupil-teachers' grants was considerably higher than in 1884-85, but fell short of the estimate by Rs. 450. The cost of scholarships was nearly three times as great as in the previous year, but the estimated expenditure was nearly twice the actual cost. At the examination held in 1884, only 14 scholarships were awarded out of 32 allowed by the rules; in 1885, 23 scholarships were awarded. The annual cost of scholarships will gradually increase up to a limit of about Rs. 5 000. The annual cost to Government of each scholar in a high school is Rs. 17-2-3, in a middle school Rs. 18-5-9, and in a primary school Rs. 23-6-11. In schools of all classes the average annual cost is Rs. 18-9-8. These amounts ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 91 EDUCATION OF EUROPBANS. include the special grants for orphans. If these last are excluded, the cost to Gov. ernment for tuition alone is in high schools Rs. 16-13, in middle schools Rs. 14-10-3, and in primary schools Rs. 22-12-1, and in all classes of schools, Rs. 15-13-8. The figures are calculated upon the average monthly roll number of the schools, and all building and furniture grants are excluded. 256. The following table shows the attendance and expenditure of high or Entrance schools: NUMBER OP PUPILS ON 310T MARCH A OTUAI. RE- CEIPT. KOM GOVERNMENT. TOTAL BXPENDITUKE. 1886. 1880. NAME OF SCHOOL. Management. Boys. Girls. Boss. Girls. 188+85. e 1885.88. Rs. A. P. Rs. Ru. ks. VI. 367 00 264 Aided Schoola. 1 St. Xavier's College Bra ich 5 Dovoton College 86. Janies' High St. Paul's, Darjeeling 8 St. Joseph's Seminary, Darjooling 7 Protestant European, Cuttack Totul 4 B Roman Catholic Ditto Pmtestunt Ditto Ditto) Roman Catholic Protestant 377 3 219 88 118 137 43 54 190 1 2,233 2,317 71,480 67,829 CA 12 9 X30 005 0,628 3.912 143 S 1 2,400 2,059 63,450 54,877 189 0 3'(a)3,490 2,398 20,243 19.998 NO 20 5,2010 4,321 49,968 08.71 3 1,4-13 2,1:36 10,8510 20,29% 194 12 11 1,788 1,050) 6,917 7,848) 1,240 3 7 17,29+! 10,780 2,10,184 8,14,128 40 52 42 .. 979 42 952 Unaider Schools. 1 2 27 28 U. I. v..... Mr. Vullis' Preparatory Ln Martinière, Boys' Girly Loretto'limuse 82 IS8 1914 Roman ('atholic Protestant Ditto Ropiun Catholic ... 92 ... 18 129 *16 131 Total 288 240 300 251 ... ...... (a).-Inclusive of a building grunt of Rs. 1,000. as > All the schools in this table were formerly classed as high schools, but they do not satisfy the definition given in Article 16, and havo therefore been styled Entrance schools. Five out of the scven aided schools might be classed lligh Schools, B,” since they receive fixed monthly grants for the Entrance classes under Article 30, the two exceptions being St. Xavier's Branch School and the Protestant European School, Cuttack. Thero is a small decrease in the number of scholars in aided Entrance schools, and a slight increaso in the unaided schools that have submitted returns. 257. The results of the Univers ty lintrance examination for two years are shown in the following table: Unirersity Entrance Examination. Number of candidates. First division. Scoond division. Third division. Total. Scholarships guineu. NAME OF SCHOOL. 1885-86. 1886-87. 1885-80. 1880-87. 1885-86. 1831-87. 1885-86. 1486-87. 1885-86. JAS6-87. 1885-86. 1882-87. 16 9 1 16 (ali (0)1 18 20 88 1 20 14 ... 3 3 (c)1 ce 3 I .... ..... ..... 4 1 1 ..... ... ..... 1. St. Xavier'a College 2. Loveton (ollege 8. Lu Martinicre for Boys 4. St. James' High B. Free School 6. Dhurrumtollah Loretto 7. st. Jonoph's Sominnry, Darjeeling 8. St. Paul's School, Darjooling 9. Protestant European, Cattaok 10. Doveton Institntion 11. La Martinjare for Girls 12. Loretto House 6 2 1 1 1 1 (0)1 (c)1 (a)i ...... (a) 12 9 2 3 2 4 . ... ..... ..... 1 e.. ..... 1 2 3 (2.)2 1 1 . mee 1 ... .. Total 102 80 8 20 29 18 1 38 40 7 (a). -One second grade. (6). -One first proide. (Special scholarship for girls.) c).-One third kinuo. a)..Ono wrcond krudo and one third grada. (Hpccial scholarships for guis.) le).-Two first grady and two thurd krede. 1.-Ono Arst grude und oue sucoud grado. (8j.ociui soltolurships for girls.) N2 ·92 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR EDUOATION OF EUROPEA"8. During 1885.86 all the five "High Schools, B” that receive special grants under Article 30 for the Entrance classes, sent up candidates for the examination, but with the exception of St. Xavier's all did badly. Of the 16 candidates from St. Xavior's, 7 passed in the first division and 9 in the second. The Protestant European School, Cuttack, sent up two candidates, of whom one passed. No candidate was sent up from St. Xavier's Branch School. Two schools recognised as middle schools sent up candidates. The Free School sent up four, all of whom failed. A pupil-teacher of the third year went up from the Loretto Day School, Dhurrumtöllah, and passed in the socond division, obtaining a first grade scholarship. In 1886-87, St. Xavier's College took a very brilliant position, winning two first grade and two third grade scholarships. The Doveton College and La Martinière for boys passed six pupils each, the latter gotting a third grade scholarship. The Doveton Institution for girls passed seven pupils—three in the 1st and four in tho 2nd division. From this institution, one girl got a first grade and another a second grado special scholarship assigned to girls. 258. Final Examination of Iligh Schools. Schedule 1.-No candidates have yet appeared at this examination, but it is probable that a few will present themselves this year in order to obtain third grade certificates undor Article (15; and it is also possible that ono or two high schools may proparo scholars for this examination in addition to that of the University.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 93 259. The following table shows the attendanco and cost of middle schools :- EDUOATION OF EOROPLANS. NUMBER OF PUPILS ON TJIX 31st MARCO ACTUAL RECEIPTS PROM GOVERNMENT. TOTAL EXPENDITURE. NAMH OP SCHOOL. Management. 1885. 1886. Monthly Govornment grunt, 1885-80. Boys. Girls. Boys Girls. 1884-85. 1885.86. 1884-28. 1885-86. Governmont. RH. A. P. Rs. RA. Rs. Rs. 1 Boarding School, Kurseong Protestant 60 88 40 13,268 12,201 26,601 1.IR 20,174 Aided schools. 1 Calcutta Girls' .. Protestant .30 141 ... 157 187 10 2,400 2,298 19,980 22,106 Ditto ... 129 78 12 3 1,170 11,888 17,000 1,720 (a)17,400 Roman Catholic 257 348 11 0 3,441 ..... II... 10,431 15,211 Ditto .00 ... 330 315 S1992 3,360 3,708 101.. ... 10,453 2 Boys” 3 Oatholio Malo Orphanagu 4 St. Joseph's Bjarding. 6 Bow Bazar Lorotto ( Dhurrumtollal Loretto 7 St. Mary's 7,180 6,025 Ditto ... 30 290 31 206 231 5 4 4,608 Ditto 5. 113 21 210 201 4 0 9,090 (0)3,000 (c)2,426 (d) 1,096 (c) 10,800 2,657 (j)8,385 (k) 1,947 (1)1,717 0,902 7,280 Ditto 38 08 37 74 8 3 7,527 8 Bt. Paul's Protestant ... 37 ... ... 84 78 75 101 9 7 .. 3,008 9,287 .. Roman Catholic ... .. 4 225 4 212 310 12 7 3,486 26,307 23,810 9 Entally Orphanage 10 Boarding and Duy 3,000 (S) 9,208 Ditto ... ... ... 14 13 67 48 128 15 0 1,428 15,400 12,500 il | Welland Momorial Protestant 73 50 63 63 148 15 0 (0) 21,300 3,343 ... 4,595 1,692 (m) 10,003 19 Woslryan Preparatory Ditto .O. ... 11 16 144 17 40 4 11 509 1,384 1,789 13 Prutt Memoriul ... ... ... Ditto ... ...... 83 90 137 8 0 1.589 1,510 1,238 19,621 11 | MAACB Stark's ... Ditto .. 13 18 27 40 14 3 120 458 1,002 1,869 10 Mins ()'Brion's Ditto 23 35 96 74 88 497 1,719 3,578 1,018 (n)40,0-40 240 2.57 ... ... ... .. 105 83 1,508 6 1 (h) 42,192 64,772 56,688 . ... SL 25 21 41 458 408 2,037 2,385 11,631 ... 23 49 25 42 81 9 8 (2) 997 811 0,502 . 50 28 104 7 10 1,167 9,328 4,031 1,020 2,913 .. 100 68 48 105 7 11 9,672 19,435 11,211 .. 98 06 ... ...... 1.140 ..tn. (0) 205 788 84 40 21 792 100 3,807 4,022 21 20 20 65 10 4 1,069 901 .. 2,696 . 24 93 4 10 829 730 16 Calcutta Freo Ditto 17 Bt. Blizabeth's, Howruh Ronan Catholic 18 St. Agnes Ditto 19 i St. Thomas' Protestant 90 Eust Indian Railway, Jepalpur Ditto 21 Night School, ditto Ditto 32 Lust Indian Railway, Aonangulo Ditto 23 Ditto, Buxur Ditto Ditto, Khagaul Ditto 25 St. Michael's, Coorjee Roman Catholic 20 Convent, Asgensole Ditto Ditto, Cuttack Ditto 29 Durjecling Girls' Protestant 29 St. Josoph's Orphanage, Bankipore Roman Catholic 0 Ditto Bourring ditto Ditto 31 Kurupean and Eurasian, Daccu Protestant 32 st. Placid's, Chittagong Roman Catholic Total ..... 2,787 3,600 9,421 3,028 ... 97 90 178 39 1,410 (P)1,821 9,413 ... ..... ... 16 29 16 27 50 13 0 4:37 678 4,846 4,039 8 53 3 07 3 1 (9)1,424 4,663 4,032 1,008 2,400 . .. 1 73 2 703 000 0 0 2,400 35,385 44,103 38 125 9 9 7:20 1,048 4,580 4,076 .. 1 89 60 8 6 (r)330 .IR den 32 23 1 USD 77 0 0 905 HUB 1. .. 83 82 09 1 4 1,002 908 .... 2,202 2,061 2,400 2,300) 2,87,014 3,29,870 1,708 1,764 1,041 1,803 5,820 2 7 1,87,813 97,251 Jewish 71 104 55 132 ... .00... .... ...... 500 Protostant 7 7 4 11 ...... ...... Unaided. 1 Jewish Boys' and Girls' ... % Campbell Cottago 3 St. Torena's, Kidderpore 4 Mr. Ardwise's Acudowy Total .. ... Roinun Cutlıolic 16 ***** *** ... Protostant 28 14 ... ..... .....c 78 111 101 ...... 199 ..... ... IC ... ... 000 ... .. .00 ... Ra. (a) Inclusive of a building, grant of 16,000 (6) Vitto Apecial grant for furniture of 600 (c) Ditto pupil-touchers' grant of 980 Ditto ditto ditto 480 Ditto building grant of 10,000 Ditto ditto ditto 8,000 Ditto ditto ditto 20,000 Ditto ditto ditto 80,000, and a pupil-teachers' grant of Rs. 730. Ditto ditto ditto 300 Ditto pupil-toachors' krunt of 606 Ditto ditto ditto 176 Ditto ditto ditto 207 Ditto building grant of 9,800 Ditto ditto of 25,000, and a pupil-teachers' grant of Rs. 1,302. Placed under the Cude from the 1st Docombor 1886. (P) Exclusive of the Military grant. ) Inclusive of a ærunt of Rs. 600 for furniture and repairs. (*) Received aid from 1st April 1886. ... ... ...

·94 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR EDUCATION ON was EUROPKANS. St. Joseph's Boarding and Day School, Bankipore, returned last year as an unaided school. St. Teresa's, Kidderpore, 'is a branch of St. Mary's, Hastings. It is really an aided school, having been placed under the Code from the 1st August 1885; but as no grant can be drawn until after the next examination, it is included among unaided schools. The Apprentices' Night School at Jamalpur was examined under the Code in December 1885, and therefore has been added to the list of aided schools: it is the only night school for Europeans in Lower Bengal. Mr. Nash observes that the classification of some of the schools in this table and the following one is doubtful. He describes them as primary schools with the addition of a fifth standard, ard it is not yet settled whether they are to be reckoned as primary or as middle schools. 260. The figures for primary schools are given below :- NUMBER OP PUPILS ON TAK 31st MARCH ACTUAL RECKITTS FROM GOVERNMENT. TOTAL EXPENDITOBE. NAME OF SCHOOL. Management. 1885. 1886. Monthly Govorument Krunt, 1858-80. 1884-85. 188B-80. 1884-88. 1886-80%. Boys. Girls. Boys. (tirls. Rs. A. P. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. i sl. Stephen's Protestant 16 17 18 17 61 11 6 770 634 2,086 ... 2,613 ... 2 European Female Orphan Asylum Ditto ... ...... 67 ...... 200 0 0 2,400 (1) 2,400(0) 15,134 3 St. Janies' Prurochiul Ditto 40 46 72 10 6 900 884 2,374 ... 2,372 81. Jolin's *** ... Ditto 20 SI CO 61 16 3 (d) 828 034 2,118 2,341 6 St. John's Girls' ... Roman Catholic 12 13 40 3 11 (m)1,130 692 1,503 1,825 6 St. Martha's Ditto 10 11 216 (i) 184 ... ... .. 1,200 (n) (6) 7 Old Churoh Parochial Homo Protostant 20 ... 705 ... 063(@) ***... ..... ☆ Bishop Milman's, Ilowrah Ditto 14 ... 21 14 85 96 1. 960 240 .. 1,104 1,379 9 East Indian Railway, Ruwporo HAT Ditto 4 8 60 0 0 360 (3)90 W08 .... Ditto D 7 0 0 0 (F)863 (k)340 2,290 10 | English Church School and Homo, Cuttack. 11 Europoun, Saidpur Ditto 9 4 . 10 19 10 8 ... 16 300 279 1,101 1.102 12 Dinuporn Ditto 25 7 19 17 54 10 4 666 056 1,603 1,776 18 Convent, Purneah Roman Catholio 18 8 20 98 4 10 1,182 (1)1,167 4,282 1. 4,211 14 St. Scholastica'u, Chittagong Ditto 60 71 70 61 (0)0,850 014 ...... 2,908 4,883 15 Wesleyan Mission, Barrackpore 10 0 0 8 (2)122 I OUR ...... 16 Enst Indian Railway, Saholigunge 1'rotestant ... 7 18 0 26 10 2 980 347 1,(108 1,143 tanigungo Ditto 8 10 9 10 28 8 10 288 902 1,818 1,317 ... Tolal 102 983 201 809 870 1 6 21,178 10,427 ........ 41,470 (naided. 1 Rannvoicnt Institution Protestant 60 ... 80 ... +0000 ...... 3 East Indian Railway, Madhupom ... Ditto ...... 6 8 ...... POI ..... ..... Total 69 82 08 107 11 (u) Capitation grant of Re. I por scholar. ( Ditto Rs. 3 per bonrder. c) From tho lat April 1890 thusC Hehools are no longer recognised as oducutional institutions. d) Inclusive of special grant of Rs. 288. (c) Vitto ditto ditto of 980 for un omnibus. () Ditto ditto ditto of 83 for furuiture. 10) Ditto buildink grant of 0,378, (ki Exclusive of tho Military grunt. Closed on 18 January 1881). Ditto 1st June 1885. Ditto 1At January 1AAB. Aidod from lat Noverubur 1886. 19 1 RESS ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 95 EDUCATION OF EUROPEANA. The European Female Orphan Asylum and the Old Church Parochial Home are no longer treated as schools, but from the 1st April 1886 receive grants as charitable institutions. St. Martha's, at Kidderpore, was another institution of the same class, but it is now closed. The East Indian Railway School at Rampore Hat was closed in June 1885 owing to the death of the mistress. The English Church School at Cuttack, after struggling for some years with its more successful rival, the Protestant European School, was finally closed at the end of 1885. The_Wesleyan Mission School at Barrackpore is a new school opened on the 1st February 1884, and placed under the Code on the 1st November 1885. The East Indian Railway School at Madhupore was opened in May 1884, and has been brought under the Code from the beginning of the current year. 261. Scholarship Examinations.---The third examination for scholarships and certificates under the Code was held in November and December 1885. At the first oxamination in 1883 there were 14 competing schools and 93 candidates : in 1884 these nuinbers had increased to 31 schools and 320 candidates. In last year's report Mr. Nash expressed the opinion that in 1885 there would be an increase in the number of competing schools, while the number of candidatos would be about the same as in 1884. This forecast has been proved to be incorrect: the number of conipeting schools has increased from 31 to 38, or about 23 per cent., and the number of candidates has risen from 320 to 492, or by 54 per cent. The number of candidates for middle scholarships was the same as in the preceding year, 24; but the number of candidates for primary scholarships shows a slight decrease from 103 to 101. Among the candidates for iniddle certificates there was an increase of six boys, 37 to 43, and of 17 girls, 12 to 29. The number of boys competing for primary certificates rose from 87 to 130, and the number of girls from 57 to 165. This large increase in the number of candidates for certificates corroborates the statement made in last year's report that the popularity of the examination depends less upon the pecuniary rewards given by Government than upon the publicity given to the results of the cxumination by their announcement in the Calcutta Gazette. 262. Perhaps the most satisfactory feature of the last examination was the large increase in the number of candidates from unaided and uninspected schools. In 1884 there were 7 candidates from two aided schools that arc not inspected under the Code, and 7 candidates from one school that was inspected but not uided. In 1885 the latter school sent up 21 candidates, and one of the two former sent up 2 candidates. Besides these there were 13 candidates from three schools in Calcutta that are neither aided nor inspected. This shows that the Code is beginning to exercise an indirect influence over schools that are not under the control of the Departinent. 263. The following tablo shows the general results of the middle and primary scholarship examinations of 1884 and 1885:- --- --- NUMBER OF HICKSSFUL CANDIDATES. Number of Numbrs of Number of computing candidatos. schools, Number of u bles. First cland. Second clann. Third class. ,الاندمداران Total. 1881. 1785. 1884. 1885. 1884 1885, 1884. 1983, 1884. I 1M5. 1481. 1885, 1896 1893 1884.1x85. 10 7 233 4 1 8 81 ... 5! 0 8 1 3 2 2 1 2 ... ... ... 1 1 2 ... 1 ... Middle scholarship, boys girls certificato, boys girls 1 1+ 9 12 87 1 1 3 3! 20 13 17 .. ... 6 10 12 29 2 3 6 . Total 14 79 90 11 11 1 2x ] 4 ... 18 16 62 66 6 6 3 18 13 10 20 3: 30 Primary scholarship, boys girls certificate, boys 18 17 41 30 1 1 . 5 CO 20 8 10 18 23 6 . 12 14 87 130 12 11 20 7 28 32 11 85 74 girls 11 87 1815 S 14 16 32 10 48 132 ... Total 30 2+7 31M 80 33 37 119 6.7 ZHR ... 18 19 GRAND TOTAT. ... 81 38 820 492 SY 31 88 64 128 137 178 803 14 3 ·96 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR EDUCATION OF EUROPRANS. The percentago of passes in the middle examination was 44.7, against 48.4 in 1884. On the other hand, 4. candidates under 15 obtained sufficient marks to qualify for scholarships, against 1 in 1884. In the primary examination the percentage of passes was 65.8 in 1884 and 72.4 in 1885; in both years the number of candidates qualified for scholarships was in excess of the number of scholarships to be awarded. In both examinations tho In both examinations the percentago of passes WEA greater for girls than for boys. In the middle exumination the percentages were, for girls 50-2, for boys 42.4. In the primary oxamination the percentages were, for girls 83.7, for boys 60.8. The superiority of the girls in the latter examination is also shown by the fact that two-thirds of those who passed wero placed in the first or second division, while only one-half of the boys were so placed. 264. The two tables below give the result of the scholarship examinations for cach school separately :- Middle Scholarship Eramination, 1885-86. VR NUMBER OF CANDIDATES FOR NUNDER PASSED IN TUK NAME OP School. REMARAN. Scholarships. Certificates. Yumber absent. First division. Second diri. sion, Number of scholarships gained, Third division, Total. Nt. Xavier's Collego .. ... 8 13 1 S B 2 Doveton ... ... 7 ... .. ] 1 1 ... St. Xavier's Brunch 2 ... S ... 1 ... 3 I. 4 ...... Darjeeling Girls' . ... ... 1 8 2 8 Loretto lious ... 6 ... .. S ... ... Una dod. ... 11.00 Femulo Norinal School ... ... ... 2 ... ... 2 I.... ..... Aided, but not under the Code. St. Michael's, Coorjce ... ... ... . 2 ...a ..... Loretto, Bow Buzur ... ... ... ... 1 1 1 1 ..... ...... Dhurrumtollalı ... ... 22 1 1 ...... ..... *** Frpe School, Boys' Depurtment ... o 1 1 UU... ...... Nt. Tliomar', lIowruh ... 1 1 1 ..... St. Paul's, Durjeellak ... ... 3 0 1 ...... .... ] Entally Bourding and Day School ... ... 4 1 ... ..... .10. St. Joseph's, Culcutta ... B. 2 . ... 1 ...... ...... St James' High, Calcu ... ... .. ... ) 1 ...... .... .... Lu Martinicro for Girls ... ... ... 2 ...... ..... Unaided. Nt. Panl's Mission ... ... ... ... ...... ...... ..... ..... ..... Catholic Male Orpharingo ... .. .. 1 ... ) ...... 1 ..... ...... Wesleyan Proparatory .. 1 ... I.... Governmont Boarding, Kurecong ... ... 1 ... ... 1 ...... ... ... East Indiun Railway, Jamalpore ... 1 ..... ... 1 1 ...... C'rmpbell Collogo ... ... ... 1 00 .. ...... ..... . . III... Unaided. .... ad... Cuttack Oonvent . .. 1 ... ... 1 ... 1 ... ...... ..... ..... Private Sturly 1 1 ... . 1 S. .... ..... ..... Total 72 11 28 38 1 ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 97 Primary Scholarship Examination, 1845-86. MITIATION OF EL ROPE.INS. NIMIJER OP OAN111)AT KS TOR NUMDER PA88ED IN TUR VAME OF COOL. AIP RKMARKS. Scholarships. Certificates. Number absent, First division, Sumber of scholarships Kauned. Third division. Second Sion. Total, La Martiniern for Girls ... ... ... 24 3 6 6 19 ...... Unada. ...... E. 1, R., Jamalpur ... ... 6 ... 10 1 ... 8 4 18 Dovoton College ... ... ... ... ... 11 85 7 7 11 18 Jewish Boys' and Girls' .. ... 21 1 7 10 I'makler ... ..... St. Xavier's College ... ... ... ... 12 . 2 1 7 8 16 ...... 1 Calcutta Guria 1 ... 16 1 2 7 16 Durjeeling (tirli' ... 6 ... 11 2 ... ... 6 14 Pratt Memorial ... ... 2 1. I.. 1 1 9 16 Protestant Europonn, Cuttrek .. ... . ... 6 3 3 7 13 St. Joseph's, Calcutta ... ... 7 19 13 St. James' High ... .. 15 2 10) 12 Loretto House 2 ... 0 l'rnidest. 9 St. 'l homas', Ilowrah ... 4 4 2 5 X 2 Lomitto, Dhurrumtollah ... .. 9 7 1 1 3 Entally Boarding and Day 1 7 3 S. ... : ... Bonkyport Convent Boarding a lay ... 11 1 1 3 + Free Nchixol, Girls' Department 1 Miss O'Brian's 1 5 1 3 2 1) Loretto, Bow Bow.nr ... 1 1 2 3 + Entally Orphanage 1 ... 4 1 3 I. 1 .. Government Boardmg, Kurnoong .. ... ... 4 1 Wolland Memorial .. ... 4 2 1 3 5 E. I. R., ANAONROLA 2 6 ht. Paul's, Darjeeling *** 8 8 1 3 + ('rtbolic Mulo Orphunuge ... 3 3 ...... 1 3 Bankipore Convont Orphanage 1 5 3 3 St. Paul's Mission ... 2 1 2 3 .... Fron School, Boyn' De partinent .. 2 ..... 1 Calcutta Boys' .. 2 ... 1 ...... St. Michael's, Coorjen ... ... 2 1 1 : ...... ...... 604... European, Dinapore ... ... .. 1 1 1 ... ...... E. I. R., Sahebgunge ... ... ... ... 1 1 ..III. Wyslnyau Proparatory ... ... 3 ... ... 1 ... Cuttack Convent ... ... 1 ... English Church, Outlook ... . Total ... 101 295 30 37 119 209 200 10 ·98 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR EDUCATION OF 265. The following table shows, for each class of school and for each standard, the KOKOPKANS. by a few Results of the Examinations - PERCENTAGE OY-- Klomentary subjects- CLA86. Number of wchool examined. Number of scholars entered on the examin. ation sche dule. Non- Europeans. Absentoes. Scholars disqualified Scholars hy in eligible for sufficiency instruction of attend. krant ancow. Rending. Writink. Arithmetic. Standard, 1881-35. 1983-88. 1881-86. 1583-86. 1884-85. 1985-86. 1864-85. 1985-86. 1885-86. 1885-86. 1885-80. 188+85. 197 1855-28. 11 1885 86. 110 **87881, 2018 407 1708 16 10.3 674 Ilikh schools Middle schonly for boys Ditto for girls Primary schools 5 7 22 19 108 29 6 8 27 16 80 128 277 138 518 786 2815 106 253 293 (13) 999 659) 142 2011 91 90'6 918 8809 8707 09:1 9309 87' 988 96'8 888 977 799 89'8 772 77'6 897 899X KO'y 772 400 23 132 287 38 84 83 7007 620 66.9 88'8 Total ... 68 63 50% 642 64 3:4 299 21'5 678 68'6 89'8 88 911 80.5 831 S. 6 8 A80 778 2904 212 .. High school Middle Nahwule for boys Ditto for girls Primary schools 12.65 7 333 2-3 3.4 11 102 1799 307 140 9 147 320 105 11'8 1.7 29 84 22 20) 23-9 : 549 17 743 101 80105 133 82 18 0104 7890 73.9 781 8903 8.7 9:3 917 9007 *K) 5 N77 854 65.4 744 5:47 578 1147 N49 887 876 09 BV 18 782 088 19 12'3 . .. Total 55 784 000 22 3.1 18 18'4 75'9 74• 01" 88:8 882 90°1 601 802 1.52 6 8 107 5.3 10.5 3:6 755 83 1 7545 200) Iligh schools Middle school for boys ... Litto for girls Primary schools 181 203 2018 100 22 17 17.8 196 1.46 14'] :76 78 19-2 899 11'6 13 604 78 H11 7++ 71'8 N42 830 HO 1'0 8 99.1 85.8 892 87' 882 823 848763 8006 1 789 0:3 i 802 6719 50'0 647 -1806 89'5 895 10 51 694 7702 613 19 Toint 53 55 705 702 3* 37 186 11'1 7607 811 886 85'0 : 7946 822 K617 775 159 17B 96 10:1 39 5.399 6 8 25 13 157 176 208 IV 8 21 12 High schools Middle schools for boys Ditto for girls Priuary schools Total .. 26 O'N 1'6 N2-0 15.1 71.1 737 1994 823 6107 905 17.8 10.9 12-5 57 717 778 4306 792 157 119 104 14:8 78.1 808 882 199 42 WA 8357 788 036 85 947 1 75 2'07 20 744 48 88 21 854 679 598 610 3 33 128 197 7996 796 IM0194 $82 84'1 841 013 088 162 164 7 8 8.1 10-4 154 1:1 1.6 7 8 28 6 128 17 1'1 89.6 84 581 69 7 699 11 081 702 88% 84 7+ $918 705) 71'4 1594 701 NE 23 1 700 807 913 70 790 881 Hi“h schools Middle schools for boys Ditto for girls Primary schools Toin! .. 8903 001 50 424 08 746 3 יאן 136 13 183 14 6 286 W 20 41 480) 114 88 787 83 68" 8:19 6x3 97 694 High rhoolk Middle he boods for boys Ditto for girls 107 61 7 7 16 1 7 7 19 11'09 16 134 17 10 16 10 17 188 38 08 2:1 17 5* 683 1134 032 89'5 90° 06 A4'1 877 98'5 96.9 1.6906 611 97.4 H009 M02 614 789 679 oli 6719 8) 029 II. Total 33 280 237 11'1 3 623 903 NO7 038 71.1 748 531 ... 02-6 107 194 S H2.1 70*8 RO VIT 5 fi 1 133 16 llixh schools Mile Achools for lys Duito for girls Total 2016 12 66 88 907 20 30 (15. 781 06 2 974 21 307 692 894 8907 900 81'6 7903 97'4 94 7 .. 10 110) 127 118 27 10'9 106 773 843 88.5 86-0 7808 822 317 757 126 81 877 841 27 5. Total for All Ntuud. Ard. Righ schools Middle schools for boys Ditto for girls Primary schools S 22 20 7 78N) 740 8 157 80 25 1,895 1,29 10 123 358 124 28 21 795 194 15.5 15.3 15'6 12" 11.8 14:1 169) 046 798 796 7701 729 80105 814 74'0 817 892 917 887 7603 8064 84.1 837 82'4 #28 871 8700 639 81'1 74.3 07:) 90 5 876 6000 0097 4) 33 2 19. ... GRAND TOTAL FOR ALL BC1100LB ... 67 80 3.376 3,897 61 27 91 18.8 13.2 75'8 786 89'8 88.6 8167 8591 606 79.5 ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 99 percentage of passes in the different subjects specifiod in Schedule I, omitting those taken up scholars only. EDUCATION OF EUROPEANS. held in 1884-85 and in 1885-86. PERCENTAGE OF PASSES IN PERCENTAGE OP SCHIOLA EN L'ABBED INinstruction Class subjects Special Kubject. Throo Two One elenntary elementary clementary Alementary subjects. subjects. subject. Hubject. The three eloinontary subjects Lakoni together. English. Noudlowork. Cookraphy. History. Mathema- TICK, Latiti, Percentaxe of I grant arned. 1896-36. 1984-85. 1885-86. 1884-85. 1985-86. 1984-85. 1833-88. 1896-35. 1983-80. 1384-93. ! 1855-36. 1891-55. 1855.86. 1535-36. 1384-85. 1835.1. 1881-85. 1885-86. 888 03:1 918 943 2B 808 3'4 99 1 $19.9 00:1 933 $9,193+-83. 34 39 112.5 X5'5 828 87-9 *5* 92.8 02 7699 86.5 857 097 632 837 870 099 10:3 8'2 1997 28'1 872 87'0 780 766 57 7015 ili 78 ... 912 093 22 16 4-5 3-5 789 808 94-3 91.9 2009 487 7103 742 175 6'9 65 20 10 807 2007 I. 50 007 n's 095 708 82.7 786 85'8 01 854 80*9 87 87 Al'1 8:1 762 846 72 7 241 155 "7א 564 21 159365 412 'S 001 482 607 7:3 679 673 876 309 417 339 10'7 6 77 A08 05 838 786 814 28 815 788 3 24 33 766 584 7 15'9 07 096 2018 79.8 R02 816 Sy HII 483 751 1: 4 ON!) 87 210 83 2015 12 04'5 GY6 71.1 551 847 28.7 10'6 ... 73 361 אינן איא 805 7283 743 7863 791 852 X4 707 71'3 803 21 789 70% 7397 42:1 70 40 7 808 78'5 722 7506 9918 X39 75'8 67.9 716) 5004 073 034 47 5 RSS 3708) 27 fil 800 788 0919 48. 131 18 18 38 272 S88 7-6 10 86 077 694 819 792 75.4 8406 84.5 78'1 898 ... 472 612 393 276 94 88 88 88+ 061 76 13:2 787 7763 26 HI.7 83.7 716 25 01766 787 918 408 008 833 703 (('5 40.9 833 63-9 11.7 8014 33'9 389 200 41'7 2008 27 314 14'7 0 :) 94 517 69') 620 62.2 782 7563 019 5612 586 71 אי נא 7814 77.1 18 S16 707 77 1 79) 125 731 737 395 796; 794 811 807 80'9 7399) 784 64'1 66 333 80'5 93 (18 *** 31 70'5 643 70 113 26'5 12:1 252 30 JK: ... 395 518 5! 30.4 2015 67 512 -61 61 122 002 $5*21*5 73 44.6; 645 404 00 41'1 091; 47% 31.99 5022 HO 35 25 40' 162 11 89 10' 2014 71'1 679 313 391 198 193 153 10 739 70 x 4" MO 5612 A3: 50 12'3 100 ... 107 20 89-3 40 1107 50" 10 47 .. 010) 786 16-9 7116 $27 421 023338 323 811 88 21'5 436 3095 519 30-2 813 189 11 87 45'3 29 18. 404 47-3 12 71 697 774 13 'ዩ 781 02-3 -139 700 4597 ! 217 7199 474 787 29 3701 0457 012 182 619) 40*65 21:1 16.6 318 4.91 121 2006 333 35'3 2117 28.1 103 11'1 28 132 4:22 37'8 407 899 6:38 1.8 16 7907 18 13 833 +1" 1 71013 ... 12-9167 713 777 613 617 8333 NO 40.9 63 369 537 37.9 473 30-0 5099 417 39.7 190 15 1 12% 409 200 33.7 790 839 91% 59 17:1 612 30 816 402 63 0813 3335 412 531 70 33 308 353 375 MD 8815 51 80' 2007 778 33'3 15:1 06-6 GA 285 517 327 30 211 51 118 36 409 68 6 677 7011 828 68 882 31 7:13 13:8 6113 10. 1 657 810 067 78°N 08 882 5)*8 770 188 328 636 733 6598 29+ 598 482 10 5 8 5'9 37 007 210 63.3 -359 391 7 78.7 H34 4458 042 637 331 200 51'i 119 10 717 783 78% 777 63 636 76'2 NOR 818 1994 54 41.8 8.3 639 77.3 12:1 772 383 393 606 143 100 60 72 783 08 R44 014 361 18 78 491 64+ 666 041 107 95 77 8:4:3 16 6]) 167 58 31 :לל 61 3.307 10.5 01 772 821 i 702 77 82-5 899 002 71'0 387 0897 349 612 804 47.5 506 613 3.18 271 10'8 98 3.3 2:1 6:3 N 2 ·100 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR KDUCATION ( FIKOV KANS. 266. The increase in the total number of scholars presented for examination was less than one per cent. The increase was general in Standards IV to VII, being groatost in Standard V where it was 19 per cent. In the first three standards there was a decrease, which is partly accounted for by the omission of three primary schools that wore examined in 1884. The large increase in the higher classes appears to be due to two causes :-(1) the improvement of tho teaching brought about by systematic investigation into its results has enabled the scholars to pass more rapidly from the primary into the middle standards; and (2) many of the children remain at school longer than they did before. The percentage of scholars eligible for instruction grants has increased from 75.8 to 78:6, owing to greater regularity of attendance. The percentage of passes has increased in every subject, except reading, in which it has fallen •7 per cent. This increase has taken place in all classes of schools, the only exceptions boing English and needlework in primary schools, and mathomatics in middle schools for girls. In the latter caso the percentage is calculated upon such a small number of candidates that it is worthloss for the purpose of comparison. In almost every subject the high schools are still behind schools of other classes, but are rapidly gaining upon thom. The percentage of the instruction grant carned in 1885 cannot fairly be compared with that earned in 1884, owing to the change in the scale of grants. 267. Financial bearings of the introduction of the system of payment-by-results.. It has already been stated that in determining the scalo of grants the main object kept in view was to avoid any sudden reduction in the grants to deserving schools, and at the same time to keep the total expenditure within reasonable limits. The extent to which this object has been attained is shown by the following tables, which give the fixed or average monthly grants for the schoolyear 1884-85, the amounts puyable under the Code during the your 1885-86, and the percentago of instruction grant earned. This percentage may be taken as indicating approximately the quality of the instruction given, Schools that received grants under the Code in 1884-85, 1.2., new schools aided after the 1st January 1883, are excluded from the tables, since in their caso the figures would simply show the difference between the old and now scales. 268. The first of these tables relates to liigh schools :- High Schools. SC001.. Monthly krant, 18N-5. Monthly plant inder l'ode, 1885-80. Iucreny". Doorene. Porrotike of instructiuni grant earned Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. St. Xavier's College 204) 199 1 53.2 ... .. Ditto Branch ... 70 70 162 ...... 57 ... 200) 32 ... 143 ... Doveton College St. Jancs' High St. Paul's, Darjeeling ... 20) 200) 51.8 ..... ..... .. 400 430* 30 4505 ...... .. 100 Protestant Eurupean, Cnttack 195 73.2 ... 45 ...... Total 1,220 1,237 75 58 • Including a grant of Rs. 180 a month to the College Department. Of the six high schools in this table three are practically unaffected by the change of system. The Protestant European School, which has the highest percentage of grant earned, gains Rs. 45 a month, but Rs 25 of this is given as an orphanage grant under article 37. St. Paul's gains Rs. 30, although the instruction grant earned is less than 50 per cent. The loss of Rs. 57 by the Doveton College requires some explanation. The grant to this institution, like that to St. Xavier's, is made up of a fixed monthly grant of Rs. 100 on account of the Eutrance classes, and of one-third of the amount earned under the Code. Mr. Nash ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 101 EDUCATION OF EUROPRANO. estimated the earnings for 1885-86 at about Rs. 200 or Rs. 220 a month, which would have given a total monthly grant of about Rs. 170 ; the fraction, one-third, was fixed for a period of three years, and as it was natural to expect a consideruble improvement in the classes during that time, the average grant to the Doveton College for the three years ought to have been nearly Rs. 200 a month. The result of the last examination, however, shows that the percentage of grant carnod (32) was very much lower than Mr. Nash anticipated, whilo the number of scholars' had diminished considerably during the year. 269. The next tablo refers to middle schools. Middle Schools. SC10OL. Monthly Krunt, 1881-86. Monthly graut under Code, 1885-86. Increase. Tyncrouse. Percentage of instruction kraut warned. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. ... ...... 200 1365 200 13 56 ... .. 54:4 25 68:9 70-3 149 ...... 187 79 349 20.1. 139 231 251 280){ {| 57.6 63 31 51 ...... ... 200 170 1:30 100 250 100) 55 ... 102 311 149 2 61 19 ...... 894 1,308 414 1 Culoutta Girls' Ditto Boys' Catholic Male Orphanage St. Joseph's Pay Department Boarding Free ditto Bow Bazar Loretto Dhurrumtollal Loretto St. Mary's St. Paul's Mission Entally Orphanage Walland Momorial Calcutta Free St Elizabeth's, Howrah St. Agnes', ditto St. Thomas', ditto East Indian Railway, Jamalpore Ditto, Akseusole Ditto, Buxar St. Michael's, Coorjee Convent, Assensule Ditto, Cuttack Darjeeling Girls' St. Joseph's Orphanage, Bauhi. pore Europeau and Eurasian, Dacca Total ... 40 83 83 1 82 104 50 75.9 38:4, 11:3 73.2 82.7 0:5' Boys' Department. 92 Girls' ditto. 34:6 59'2 74.5 74:1 Boys' Department. ditto. 44.4 63. 71.1 49.1 5007 57.5 19 ...... 165 20 {73-6 Girls 18,7 00 89 120 30 2 33 ..... 65 50 172 60) 97 139 52 24. 13 ... .. 20%) 41 196 60 75 6ti 2 89.1 02-8 3,782 1.589 997 220 The Calcutta Free School has gained more than any other school by the introduction of the Code. The grant of Rs. 836 a month, which the school has drawn since 1826, has been retained as an orphanage grant; while the school now receives in addition the whole of its earnings under the Corle in place of an old grant of 60 Arcot rupees., The Catholic Malo Orphanage coines next with a guin of Rs. 149, of which Rs. 50 is a grant for orphans. The fixed grant formerly given amounted to rather less than one rupee a month for every orphan in the school. St. Joseph's, Calcutta, has gained Rs. 63. This is a large school with an average attendance of 240 scholars, of whom nearly one-half are free. The Entally Orphanage, the St. Josepli's Orphanage, the Loretto School, Dhurrumtollah, and the Welland Memorial School have all gained considerably, the results of their examinations having bern inuch better than the average. The schools that have lost most the Culcutta Boys' School and St. Mary's, but this is entirely due to End teaching, the percentage of grant earned (25 and 38) being lower than in any other middle school. The lose of Rs. 41 hy the Darjeeling Girls' School has been made up by a special grant under Article 32. The East Indian Railway School, Jamalporc, lost Rs. 20 in the two departments, but this was compensated by the grant to the night school. This, however, does not make up for the loss of the capitatiou grant of Rs. 2-8 formerly wade for every boarder. The East Indian kailway School at Buxar lost 8R. 33 out of a grant of Rs. 89. This school has been very budly managed for some years, and the number of scholars has decreused considerably. There has recently been a change in the management, and it is possible that the school may recover. are ·102 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR KDUCATION OP 270. The figures for primary schools are now given Primary Schools. KUROPKAN. SCHOOL. Monthly grunt, 13N1-88. Monthly grant under Code, 1885-86, se. ecrease. Percontage of instrnotion grant earned. Rs. Ry. Ro. 62 73 .. ...... Rs. 36 75 60) 05 2 82 12 St. Stephen's St. James' Parochial Rt. John's Parochiul St. John's Girls' Kuropean, Saidpur Kast Indian Railway, Bahcbgungo Ditto, Ranigunge 70'2 52-8 843 285 ... 25 ... 40 20 20 . 1.. ... .. 80 24 6 448 85.7 Tota) 824 SO 17 89 St. John's Girls' School lost Rs. 25 out of Rs. 65, the percentage of grant earned being only 28.5, or lower than that of any other school except the Calcutta Buys' School. St. John's Parochial School, Calcutta, which in 1884 earned a lower percentage of grant than any other primary school or department in the province, carned 84:3 per cent. in 1885 owing to a change in the teaching staff, and therefore deserves the increase of Rs. 12 in the monthly grant. 271. Taking all the schools together there is an increase of Rs. 789 in the monthly grants, of which Rs. 414 or more than one-half goes to the Free School. Mr. Nash supposes that this school will cam a much larger grant next year, since the number of scholars in the girls' departinent will be doubled, or perhaps quadrupled. 272. The next two tables show the percentage of instruction grant carned by the primary and middle departments separately of all the schools examined last year. These percentages slow approximately the relative merits of the schools. Judged by them, the Free School, Girls' Department, which stands second in both lists, is again, for the fourth year in succession, at the head of all the European schools in the province. The Government Boarding School at Kurscong stands next in order among the schools containing both primary and middle departments. Middle Department. (rder of morit. YAME OP SCHOOL. Class of school. Number of Acholar's ligible for instruction fillut. Percentage of Instruotion Klit eurned. 1 22 18 7 3 6 ... M. M M. MI, M. Al. ... 363 8.1.2 827 81.9 81:1 79.5 77.9 76.8 71.2 67.3 61:3 M. 10 S ... ... A. M. 18 M. ... . 19 20 .. .. ... M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. AL. .. .. ... M. Government Boarding school, Kurscong 2 Froo School, Girls' Department 3 Welland Memorial St. Josoph's Orphanage, Bankipore E.I.R., Khagaul, Boys' Department St. Placid's, Ohittagong... 7 Entally Boarding and Day 8 E. I. Ř., Jamalpur, Boys' Department 9 Protostant European, Cutlack 20 Entally Orphanage 11 Dhurrumtollah Loretto 12 European and Et asian, Dacca 13 St. Agnes,' Howrah 14 St. Michael's, Coorjec 15 Pratt Memorial 16 St. Thomas', Ilowrah 17 St. Joseph's Boarding, Bankipore 18 St. Jonoph's Calcutta, Puy Department 19 Bow Bazar Loretto 20 Frue School, Boys' Department E. I R., Assensule 22 Catholic Malo Orphanage... 23 St. Paul's Mission 24 Wesleyan Preparatory 25 St. Joseph's, Calcutta, Free Department Darjeeling Girls' 27 St. Xavier's College 28 Ditto Branch 29 St. Paul's, Darjeuling Calcutta Girls'... 30 E. 1. R., Jamalpore (Girls" Department) St. Joroph's Seminary, Darjeeling 33 Cuttack Convent 34 Assunsole 36 St. James' High 36 Doveton College 37 St. Mary's 38 Missos Stark's... 39 St. Elizabeth's, Howrah Calcutta Bove'. 20 15 7 22 11 58 7 37 12 4 ... 21 .. ... 13 ... 26 M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. ... ... 62.5 69.5 5864 5507 66'3 54. 53:4 51.8 46'4 46.2 438 43 42:1 41.4 403 40.2 89'4 389 38.9 38.2 X7.1 34:1 27.7 24.8 19-2 16.9 12.5 8.2 ... ... ... 31 81 33 50) 26 4 17 7 7 ... ... M. 00 8. ... 16 ... ... ... M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. 41 7 . O. .. .. 19 ...

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 103 Primary Departments. RDUCATION OF KUROPEANS. Order of merit. NAMB OF SCHOOL. CIDAS of school. Number of scholars eligi- Percentage of ble for ill instruction struction grant earnod. grunt, 1 2 3 ... P. M. P. M. M. .. .. ... ... ... ... .. ... ... . .. ... ... ... .. ... ... 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 .. ... . 16 29 21 53 28 26 6 31 8 10 18 30 49 29 21 8:3 18 132 24 14 84 52 112 1011 50; 25 98 17 18 JO 14 12 72 67 30 ... European school, Dinapore Frec School, Girls' Department Miss O'Brien's. Government Boarding, Kuracong St. Joseph's Orphanage, Bunkipore 81. Thomas', Howrah European, Saidpur Entally Boarding and Day E. J. Ř., Ranigungo Khugaul, Girls' Departinent St. John's Parochial Pratt Memorial Welland Momorial Darjoeling Girls' E. I. R., Janınlpore, Girls' Department Dhurrumtollah Loretto St. Placid's, Chittagong Catholic Male Orphanage... St. James' High E. I. R., Khngaul, Boys' Department St. Joseplı'n, Calcutta, Pay Departmont St. Michael's, Coorjee Free School. Boys' Department Entally Orphanago Protestant European, Cuttack E. I. R., Jamalpur, Boys' Department St. Xavier's College St. Joseph's Seminary, Darjeeling St. Stephen's Wesleyan Mission, Barrackporo Convent, Purneah European and Eurasiun, Dacea Calcutta Girls' St. Josephı'x, Calcutta, Free Department St. Agnes', Ilowrah St. Paul's, Darjeeling Assensole Convent Bankiporo Convent, Boarding and Day Cuttack Convent Bow Bazar Loretto k.). R, Burar... St. James' Parochial St. Mary's Wesleyan Preparatory E. S. R., Sahebgungo E. I. R., Assensole Douctou College St. Paul's Mission Misses Stark's Calcutta Boys' St. Elizabeth's, Ilowrah St. Scholastica's, Chittagong St. John's Girls' P. M. P. P. P. M. M. M. · M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. P. P. P. M. 11. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. ... ... 99. 97.8 9603 93:6 90'6 892 889 873 86.7 85.4 84.3 83.1 82.7 82 81.6 81.4 80-9 798 783 784 77 1 7603 75.1 746 74.2 72.9 71.8 71.7 70.2 09:5 69.7 62.8 624 02:4 58:9 58.1 57.63 67 5 507 56:33 53 52.8 502 17:3 4.1.8 13. 11.5 404 40:1 3904 34 362 28.5 .. 29 ... ... 30) 31 32 ... 33 ... { bea ... ... .. ... 16 19 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 ... ... P. ... 43 113 27 33 23 11 11 ... M. M. ... ... 40 ... ... 47 2015 .. M. M. M. M. M. M. P. ... .. 12 30 ... ... 49 50 51 52 53 ... ... ... 16 18 P. The night school for apprentices at Jamalpore is not included in the table. This school was examined under the Code for the first time last December. At present the course of instruction includes only the elementary subjects. 273. Pupil-teachers. ---Of the 12 pupil-teachers accepted in 1882, six completed the third year course last year, and reccived provisional third grade certificates. One of these passed the Entrance examination, and has since entered upon the study of medicine. The others have all been employed as teachers, generally in the schools in which they were trained. Of the six who did not complete the three years' course, one failed twice in the compulsory subjects, and was therefore struck off the list of pupil-teachers. The other five resigned, one in conscquence of failure at the second year's examination. In 1883 four new candidates were accepted, three of whom have now passed the second year's examination; the fourth failed last year and must be presented again this year for the second year examination. In 1884 eight candidates were accepted, two of whom resigned before the end of the first year. The others all passed the first year examination, but two have since boen diswissed for misconduct.

·104 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR EDICATION OF ET ROPEANS. In 1885 six candidates were accepted, but one of these has already resigned. The number of pupil-teachers now employed in the schools is shown in the following table : NUMBER OF PUPILTEACH RRS OF THE SCHOOL. THIRD YEAR. SECOND YEAR. FIRST YEAR. 1886. 1886. 1886. 18AA, 1885. 18HC. 3 2 2 ..... ...... ... 5 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 ... ... Free School, Girls' Department Ditto, Boys' ditto Dhurmimtollah Loretto St. Mary's, Hastings St. Paul's, Scott's Lane Bow Bazar Lorotto Protestant European, Cuttack ... 1 2 ] ... 2 ...... 1 ... ...... ...... ...... ...... Total ... 6 3 5 6 8 5 274. Certificated Teachers.--During the past year 8 teachers received permanent certificates of the first grade; 16 second grade certificates were issued, 9 permanent and 7 provisional; and 5 teachers roceived permanont and 26 provisional third grado certificates. Besides these, 33 toachers were recognised as “assistant teachers" under Soction III of Chapter III, and four as special teachers under Section V. Mr. Nash observes that this is not a complete classification of all the teachers in European schools in Bengal: it excludes all membors of religious orders, and also a fow secular tcachors whose claims for certificates have not yet been decided. IX.-EDUCATION OF MAHOMEDANS. 275. Tho following statement gives the number and percentage of Mahu. medan pupils in different classes of schools :- KDICATION OF MAHOM DANS Total mumbor of pupils. Number of Mutionudus. Porcontage of Muhordoduris. ... .00 Public institutions Arts colleges High English schools Middle ditto Middle vernacular schools Uppor primary do. Llower do. do. Profossional colleges Technical schools Normal do. Madrasses ... 2,998 58,105 54,378 64,762 123,242 1,019,072 1.193 1,966 1,258 1,316 140 5,620 6,632 8,457 20,648 915,259) 35 487 66 1,315 4.6 9.6 12:1 13:06 166 309 2:9 24-7 5.2 1000 Total 1,328,280 .. 358,459 !.. 26.9 Private institutions Advanced Elementary ... 24,212 6.537 18,638 2,845 76.6 51:3 ... ... Total 29,749 21,383 71.8 GRAND TOTAL 1,368,029 379,842 27.9 ... The total number of Mahomedan pupils in schools and colleges of all kinds hus declined from 420,768 to 379,842, and the percentage from 28:6 to 27.9, although the proportion of Mahumedans to the total population in those parts of the province which have submitted returns is 31.5 per cent. It is satisfactory to note, however, that the number of Mahomedans in Arts Colleges has risen from 129 to 140, in high English schools from 5,096 to 5,520, and in middle English schools froni 6,223 to 6,632. These figures clearly show that the appreciation of the Mahomedan community for English education is steadily growing The increased number of Mahomedan students who have passed the examinations held by the University, as' noticed later on, points in the Hame direction. There has been some falling off in middle vernacular schools and an increase of 2,971 pupils in upper primary schools, although the proportion is much the same as in the previous year.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.. 105 EDUCATION OF MAHOMP.DAXS. year before. The largest decrease has taken place in lower primary schools, in which the Mahomedan pupils have diminished from 369,613 to 315,259, and the percentage from 32.05. to 30.9, This decrease is chiefly due to the gonoral causes already referred to under the heading of Primary Education. The number of Mabomedans, namely, 36, attending the professional colleges has remained stationary, but the percentage has fallen from 3.7 to 2.9. In technical schools the number of Mahomedan pupils has increased from 189 to 487, and the percentage from 14:1 to 24.7. There has been a slight falling off in normal schools and a decrease of 71 pupils in madrassas. The number of pupils in advanced private institutions has more than doubled itself, while the percentage in elementary institutions of this class has risen from 32.7 to 51.3. 276. In the Presidency Division there was a gain of 350 Mahomedan pupils out of a total gain of 3,485 pupils of all denominations, but the percentage has declined from 27.1 to 26.8. The number of Mahomedan pupils attending high and middle schools showed an increase, while there was diminution in the number attending primary schools. In this division Mahomodans of the poorer agricultural classes compose about half the population, and as they mainly attend the lower primary schools, the exclusion of many such institutions from the returns has resulted in a corresponding loss in the number of Mahomodani pupils. In Calcutta the percentage of Mahomedans in all classes of schools taken together was 10.7, the same as in the 277. In the Burdwan Division there was a slight increase of pupils, the percentage being 9:4 against 9:5 in the previous year. llero also there was some increase of pupils in high English and middle schools, and a slight falling off in those attending primary schools. There was an appreciable increase in madrassas and other special public schools, while maktabs and other elementary privato schools show a loss in the number of pupils. The Assistant Inspector remarks :-" Purely religious institutions and schools taught by privato teachers have no ambition to figure in our books. But even inaking allowance for insufficient information about Mahomedan schools, the progress made by Mahomedan education is still quite out of proportion to the Mahonicdan population in the division, inasniuch as of the male population of schoolgoing age only 1 in 3 is at school.” Midnapore, which enjoys the advantage of a special Mahomodan Sub-Inspector of Schools, cannot show a larger proportion of Mahomedun pupils than the other districts. 278. In thic Rajshalıye Division the percentago of Mahomedan pupils to the Mahomedan population bus fallen from 1.15 to 1:07. The Inspoctor states that this fall in the percentage of Mahomedan pupils is the outcome of the gene. al falling off in the number of pupils. 279. In the Dacca Division there has been an increase of pupils in high English, middle English, and upper primary schools, while there has been some falling off in middle vernacular, and a •considerable decrease in lower primary schools and in schools for special instruction. The total number of Mahomedan pupils has diminished by 22,490 A very large number of the pupils who have been apparently lost are still reading in indigenous schools, which have sent in no returns, In the Chittagong Division the number of Mahomedan pupils hus declined from 85,448 to 82,639, and the percentage froin 63.06 to 62.8. There has been some falling off in high English and middle vernaculur schools, and some increase in middle English and upper primary schools. The largest diminution oecurred in lower primary schools, sume increase having takon place in indigenous private schools, but not enough to compensate the loss. Mr. Hill, Officiating Inspector of the Eastern Circle, says : -"Until the Mahomedans 'can be got to really take up Bongali, and so put themselves on a footing of equality with the Hindus in elementary oducation, Government measures to ameliorato thoir condition will continuo to be usclosy " 280. In the Patna Division the number of Mahomodan pupils declined from 29,242 to 17,802, aud_the percentage from 14:9 to 13:3. Maliomedan pupils have increased in high English schools. Indeed, this division contains the largest number of Mahomedan pupils attending high schools. This is readily explained by the fact that a large number of the Mahomedans in this ·106 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR BDUOAN OF MAHOMKDANS. 281. division belong to the rich and respectable classes of society. The loss of pupils in the middle stage is general, and not confined to Mahomedans. There has been a slight increase in upper primary schools, but a very considerable reduction in lower primary schools. Regard being had to the fact that the percentage of Mahomedans to the total population is 11:5, and that of Mahomedans to total pupils in schools 13:3, the extent to which the Mahomedans avail themselves of the different educational institutions is very satisfactory, In the Bhagulpore Division there has been a decline of 280 Mahomedan pupils, but the percentage of Mahomedans to total pupils in schools has increased from 18.2 to 20-8. Looking to the fact that the percentage of Mahomedans to the total population is 196, the attendance of Mahomedan pupils is satisfactory. In this division the number of Mahomedan pupils has increased in high English, middle English, and upper primary schools, but decroased in middle vernacular and lower primary schools. In tho Bhagulpore district there is a special Government middle vernacular school for Mahomedans at Puraini, and there is also a special pathsala for Mahonicdans in the illiterate village of Sultanpore. Mr. Pope, Inspector of the Behar Circle, is of opinion that the Mahomedads in Behar hold their own very well, and that in the Education Department they have their fair share of employment, of scholarships, and of rewards. In the Chota Nagpore Division there has been a general decrease in the number of pupils, and consequently a slight decline of Mahomedans in each class of public schools, except only in middlo veriacular and upper primary institutions. 282. In Orissa tho decrease of 59 Mahonicdans in high and middle English schools is counterbalanced by the accession of a nearly equal number in middlo vernacular and upper primary institutions. The proportion of Mahqmedans to the total population of Orissa is 2:3 per cent., while the percentuge of Mahomedan pupils to the total number of pupils at school is nearly 2.6. This shows that the Mahomedans of Orissa, who are mostly of the better classes, do not lag behind people professing other creeds in their willingness to accept the existing system of education. 283. It has been hield that the comparative absence of Mahomedans from the higher educational institutious (although there has been some advanco in this respect during the last few years) is due much more to their poverty than from any reluctance to accept the existing educational system. The Mahomedan community having moved Government to afford increased facilities for the higher edvcation of their youths, Ilis Honor the Lieutenant-Governor of Bongal has recently sanctioned, with effect from the beginning of the next acadownical year, the foundation of twenty scholarships of seven rupees a mouth each, tenable for two years ut any college affiliated to the University, to be awarded to Mahomodan students of these Provinces passing the Entranco examination and failing to obtain any more valuablo exhibition; and of twenty scholarships also tenable for two years--ten of ten rupees a month and ton of seven rupees a month each-to be similarly given on the results of the First Arts examination to Mahomedans who liavo previously gained the scholarships now founded in connoction with the Entrance examination. It is hope that tho Mahomeduns will roalise the anticipations of Government, and that, with the special aid now offered, they will be able before long to moet all other sections of the community on equal terms. 284. The following statement shows the number of Mahomedan students who passed the various examinations of the University or the Department, compared with the total number of successful candidates at those examinations during tho year under report:- NUNDER OB BUCCESSFUL CANDIDATEN. NAYE OP EXAMINATION. PRRCKXTAGE Oy MAJIOMEDANS. Maboulang. Total. Among succeByſul candidates. Under instruction, .. ... .. ...... ...... 1 4 12 M.A. B.A. First Arts Entranco Middle English vornacular Uppor primary Lower 264 346 1.070 569 2.520 4,092 20,018 19 212 467 2,943 15 3-4 4.1 3.3 8:3 11.1 14.7 4:6 (in all college classes.) 9.5 13.1 13.06 16.6 30.9 .. ... ... .

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 107 EDICATION OF MAHOMKDANS. In 1886, out of 194 Mahomedan candidates at the Entrance examination, 51 passed, namely, 7 in the first, 35 in the second, and 9 in the third division. In the First Arts examination the number of Mahomedan candidates was 72, of whom 31 wore successful. . Two students passed the examination in the first division, in which none had. passed in the preceding year. • There was a satisfactory increase in the numbor of Mahomedan B.A's during the current year, 19 having passed out of 30 candidates, of whom 4 were placed in the first division. In 1885, 14 Mahomedan boys got Government junior scholarships, one of the first, six of the second, and seven of the third grade. The first grade scholarship was gained by a student of tho Nawab of Moorshedabad's high school. In 1886, eight Mahumedan boys' won third grade junior scholarships. A Government senior scholarship of the second grado was gained by a Mahomedan studeert of tho Patna College in 1885, and also in 1886. 285. The following table shows the estimated expenditure of the. Mohsin Fund, together with the actual oxpenditure uuder each head, as given by the Accountant-Gonorul. The estimated income of the fund during the year under report was Rs. 59,152:-- HEAD OF CHARGE. Maintenance of madrassas Salaries of maulris in high schools • Scholarships Short-fee payments Estimated expenditure. Rs. 30,491 4,390) 99,072 12,973 Actual expenditures, Rs. 28.867 6,505 7,699 9,230 ... Total 57,426 52,351 286. The Mohsin scholarships are of five descriptions (1) There are 1.4 Arabic scholarships, varying in value from Rs. 33 to Rs. 10, which are awarded to the students of the different madrassas on the results of the central cxamination, noticed below. (2) There are 31 English school scholarships which are allotted to the Anglo-Persiun Department of the Calcutta Madrassa, to the Collinga branch school, and to the madrassas at Hooghly, Dacca, and Chittagong; 1:3) The number of Mohsin junior scholarships is 8. These are awarded on the results of the Entrance examination to Mahomedan candi. dates who fail to obtain Government scholarships. Two such scholarships of the value of Rs. 10 a month for two years are. attached to the Anglo-Persian Department of the Calcutta Madrassa. Two scholarships, at Rs. 8 for two years, were obtained by the llooghly Collegiato school during the current and the last year. In 1885, a scholarship of Rs. 8 for two ycars was obtained by the Dacca Madrassa, the Patna Collegiate school, the Chittagong Collegiate school, and the Dighapatia school; and in 1886 by the Dacca Madrassa, tho Burrisal Zillah. school, tho Chittagong Collegiate school, and the Rungpore Zillah school. (1) Five Mohsin scholarships, viz., one of Rs. 10, two of Rs. 14, and two of Rs. 12, are awarded to Mahomedans ou the results of the F.A. examination, and are open to all colleges. In 1885 three of the scholars came from the Hooghly College, ono from the Presidency College, and one from the Patna College. In 1886 one was awarded to a Mahomedan student of the Doveton College, two to the Dacca Collego, and two to the Hooghly College. (5) 'Two M.A. scholarships, at Rs. 25 for one year, which were not taken up. 287. The district details of expenditure on account of madrassas charged against the Mohsin Fund are-(1) Hooglily Rs. 2,178,,(2) Rajshahye Rs. 2,986, (3) Dacca Rs. 10,197, (+) Chittagong Rs. 8,274. The proposal to spend th8 surplus of the Mohsin Fund by extending the Mohsin contributions for two-thirds foos to approved schools under private management, is still under consideration. 02 ·BDUCATION OF MAHOM &DANS. 108 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 288. The central examination of the madrassas maintained from the Mohsin Fund, which are examined annually in common with the Calcutta Madrassa, was held in April 1885. The comparative results are given in the following table : MADRASSAS. Caloutta Dacca Chittagong Hooghly Sasseram Total. Number of First candidatos. division. 86 33 34 9 60 9 23 Second Third division, division: 16 12 3 7 3 10 3 1 ... 60 19 22 18 1 . .. ... ... ... Total 206 60 25 36 120 No such examination was held during the previous year. The junior classes of the Oriental Department of the Rajshahye College, which has taken the place of the abolished Rajshahyo Madrassa and is supported from the Mahsin Fund, do not compete at the examination; but during the year under report the Sasseram Madrassa, which is not maintained from the Mohsin. Fund, for the first time passed a pupil in the second division in the examination of the first-year class. 289. The following table gives the results of the examination in fuller detail:- Central Examination of Madrassas held on April 1885. NUMBER PASSED IN THE CLASSRS. MADRABBAB. Numh, co cundidates. Pirst division. Recond division. Third division. 7 Total number pussed. 11 7 8 ...... ...... ..... ..... 1 1 3 7 1 2 2 ... ... ...... ...... ... 1 1 1 ܝܙ ... ...... .. ..... ...... Calcutta Dacca Fourth-year class ... Chittagong Hooghly Calcutta Dacca Third-year class Chittagong Hooghly Calcutta Dacra Socond-ycar class ... Chittagong Ilooghly rCalcutta Dacca First-year class Chittagong Hooghly Sangeram 23 ... RANNO w Noww.conra |:| ...... 2 3 13 2 3 2 7 2 1 1 5 ...... 1 3 6 1 1 2 5 6 18 6 6 ... ...... ...... 1 1 .LE ..... Total 60 25 35 120 I. ..... 290. GOVERNMENT MADRASSAS.—The following statement compares tho attendance and expenditure of all madrassas under Government management during the last twu years. The Calcutta Madrassa, the Nawab of Moorshedabad's Madrassa, and the Cox's Bazar Madrassa are maintained from provincial revenues, and the rest from the Mohsin Fund. The yearly allotments to the Mohsin Madrassas are,—to Dacca.Rs. 10,400, to Chittagong Rs. 7,000, to Hooghly Rs. 3,600, and to Rajshahye Rs. 3,000:- Number of pupila 10 Rocripta from Governmont. Total exponditure. MADRA88AS. %886. 1886. 1885. 1896. 1886, 1886. Rs. Rs. 9,222 9,264 ... ... ...... Rs. 10,821 2,519 12,273 9,121 .... 336 39 238 341 Calentta (Arabie Department) Hooghly Dacca Ohittagong Cox's Bazar Madrassa, Chittagong Moorshodabad Nawab's Madrassa Rajshahyo ... ... I..... 338 40 264 326 49 50 58 Rs. 10,826 2,349 13.022 9,409 497 16,864 3,149 ...... 63 50 16,166 439 16,854 16,165 2,886 ... ...... Total 1,057 1,124 25,429 25,515 53,285 65,106 .. 291. Calcutta Madrassa. The Calcutta Madrasha was raised to the rank of a second-grade college from the 15th January 1884. The first-year college class was formed in February 1884, and the second-year class in July 1885.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 109 The total number of students increased during the year under report from 1,100 to 1,104, being distributed as follows among the different departments :- EDUUATION ON MAHOM KDANS. english students, Number of pupils Oriental on the rolls on the students. Sist March 1888, 20 . ... ... ... College Department Arabic ditto (or Madrassa propor) Anglo-Persian Department (or high school) Collinga Branch School 338 20 338 413 333 413 333 .. ...... Total 766 338 1,104 .. There has been a slight incrcase in all the departments except the Collinga Branch School. The number of Shiah students in the Arabic and Anglo- Persian Departments, and in the Collinga Branch School, is 2, 17, and 8 respectively, 292. The totul expenditure of the Calcutta Madrassa and the Collinga Branch School was as follows: . Erpenditure for 1885-86. Rs. ... ... College Department Arabic ditto Anglo-Persiun Department Colliuga Branch School ... 17,325 10,827 15,220 4,516 ... ... Total 47,888 against Rs. 499,541 in the previous year. The receipts from fees were l'cc-receipts for 1885-86. ... 1. Rs. 469 1,004 4,937 1,226 .. College Department Arabic ditto Anglo-Persiun Department Collinga Branch School ... ... . .. I. Total 8,236 against Rs. 8,645 of the year before. Tho Principal explains that the decrease in fee receipts was due to a stricter policy in the matter of promotion and admission. Lighty-five candidates of the Arabic Depurtment went ap for the central examination, of whom 33 passed in the first, 15 in the second, and 12 in the third division. Forty-two candidates of the Anglo-Persian Department went up for tho Entrance examination of the Calcutta University in April 1885, of whom 3 passed in the second and 6 in the third division. At the Entrance examination held in April 1886, 24 candidates went up, of whom 6 passed in the second, and 1 in the third division. The number of resident students was 69, against 72 in the preceding year. The gymnastic class wus attended by 49 students. A new catalogue of the English portiou of the library has been finished and printed. 293. In the report of this Department for 1883-84 the introduction of Bengali and arithmetic as compulsory subjects into the Arabic Department of the Madrassa was recommended, on th ground that Mahomedan students found themselves at a disadvantage in obtaining employment by reason of the exclusive character of the madrassa course. The opinion of influential Mahomedan gentlemon was subsequently invited on the point; and while it was generally held, on the one hand, that the want of a knowledge of arithmetic was not the real bar to the employment of Malomcdans in offices, on the other it was agreed that the introduction of Bengali as an optional, though not as * compulsory, subject would be a desirable change. Tho older students of the Arabic Department were also consulted by the Principal. The result was that about 30 per cent. declared themselves willing to learn Bengali apd arithmetic. the rest said they know•enough Bengali to curn their livilihood.

·110 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR EDUCATION OF MAHOMETAN. Mr. Tawney and the Principal, Dr. Hoernle, together came to an inde. pendent conclusion,_that for the purposes with regard to which the discussion had arisen, English was the most important subject that could be introduced. English classos have accordingly been formed since July 1885 under two additional teachers; and the classes have been attended by 63 students of the Arabic Department. It seemed, however, difficult to find a place in the curriculum of the Arabic Department for English, and impossible to find a place for English, Bengali, and arithmetic at the same time. Dr. Hoernle' proposed to meet the difficulty by adding a year to the curriculum of the Arabic Department, thus,extending it from six to seven years. A Muhan.- madan guru should also, he thought, be appointed to teach Bengali, together with Bengali arithmetic and accounts, while the two English masters should teach European arithmetic in addition to the English language. Mr. Tawney concurred in theso proposals, suggesting, further, that scholarships of small amount should bo established in order to encourage the study of these subjects. The proposal did not, however, commend itself to the Government of Bengal, on the ground that só as the funds available for the promotion of education among Mahomodans were limited, it seemed desirable to dovote them in the first place to the assistance of those who were willing to give their whole time to the studies which might be made subservient to their advancenient in life.” 294. Dacca Madrassa.—The present Superintendent, Moulavi Abul Khair Mahammad Siddiq, m..., took over charge on the 20th July. 1885. The work of the madrassa has been affucted by numerous though unavoidable changes in the staff. The Superintendent is of opinion (1) that the curriculum in the Arabic Department should be revised, with fuller referenco to tho requirements of modern education; (2) that the original grant of Rs. 10,000 is inadequate, now that an English Department has been added; (3) that the accommodation is insufficient for the pupils; and (4) that the hostel is too far away from the madrassa for proper management. There are 41 boarders. The number of pupils has risen from 99 to 134 in tho Orien‘al Department, and has fallen from 139 to 130 in the English. The fees in the Oriental Department have accordingly risen from Rs. 493 to Rs. 551, and have fullen in the English from Rs. 1,375 to Rs. 1,177. The accounts of recoipts and disbursements show a balance of Bs. 992 in favour of the madrassa. At thio central examination of the Arabic Department in 1885, out of 31 candidates, 9 passed in the first, 3 in the second, and 7 in the third division. At thio Entrance examination one candidate passed in the second division out of 8 sent up. 295. Chittagong Muirassa. The number of pupils on tho rolis of this institution at the close of the year was 325, against 341 at the same date in 1885. The decrease is due to tho transfer of the lowest class to the branch institution, called the Mirahya Madrassa. The number of English-reading pupils foll from 141 at the beginning to 84 at the close of tho year. The teaching staff consists of 8 Arabic and 2 English teachers, besides the Superintendent. There is a hostel attached to the madrassa, in which 30 pupils receive froc-board and lodging. The total income of the school from all sources, including the last year's re-grant, amounted to Rs. 12,957, and the exponditure to Rs. 9,408; thus the year closed with a balance of Rs. 3,547. The Hooghly and Rajshahye ,madrassas require no special montion, beyond the figures given above. 296. Nawab of Moorshedabad's Madrassa.-On the 31st March last the number on the rolls of the Nawab of Moorshedabad's Madrassa was 50, against 63 on the same date in the preceding year. With the exception of one Hindu. the pupils were Mahomodans, being all members or connoctions of the Nizamut family. . All the students read English, 13 read Arabic, and 37 Persian. One student appeared at the Entranco examination, for the first timo in the history of this institution, but he failed. On an average there were 20 resident boarders; the rost were day-scholars.' The total expenditure on the institution was Rs. 15,854, against Rs. 16,165 in the provious year. The whole cost is now borne by Governmont. 297.. Joraghat Madrassa.--At Joraghat in Chinsurah there is a madrassa with thirty-nine pupils and three teachers, of whom two are moulavis and one is a pundit. This school is supported by a monthly grant of Eis. 40 from the Mohsin Fund. The languages taught being Arabic,. Persian, Bengali, and ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION, 111 EDUCATION OF MAUOMEDANS. English, it has been returned as a middle English school, though no part of the regular middle English course is taught in it. 298. Cox's Bazar Madrassa.-The Government Madrassa at Cox's Bazar has a net grant of Rs. 40 a month, sanctioned with effect from April 1885. It had 49 pupils on its rolls. Its receipts during the past year amounted to Rs. 497, of which Rs. 439 wore received from Government and Rs. 58 collected from fees. It is too early as yet to say anything about the prospects of this institution: 299. UNAIDED MADRASSAS. Madrassa Sultan-s-Oudh. --Tho Madrassa Sultan-i-Oudh is a boarding instituţion maintained by His Majesty the King of Oudh, and was attended by 23 pupils. From this institution one Mahomodan student appeared at the Entrance examination, but failed as in the year before. Mirahya Madrassa. The pupils of the Mirabya Madrassa at Chittagong increased from 107 to 149. Tho instructive staff consists of three teachers. The total expenditure amounted to Rs. 401, of which Rs. 222 were colloctou from feės, the remainder being paid from the Mirahya Endowulent Fund. Sasscram Madrassa.-The Kanakha Madrassa at Sasseram in Shahabad is a special institution for the teaching of Mahomodans. It is supported from the proceeds of an endowment made by the Emperor Farokh Shah. The number of pupils was 114, about 90 of whom were foundationers. They are taught Arabic and Persian auil a little English. The total expenditure was Rs. 12, 109. This madrassa sent 4 candidates to the Central examination for the first time, of whom one passed in the sccoud division. Sitapur Madrassa.—The Sitapur. Madrussa in the Serampore, sub-division of the Hooghly district cost Rs. 1,+28 during the year. It was attended by twenty pupils, all boarders, of whom 15 belong to Ilooghly, 1 to each of the districts of Burdwan, Nuddea, Midnapore, and Furreodpore, and I to Kuch Bolar. The mallrassa is maintained by private charity, and also, it is understood, by the proceeds of an endowment granted by the Dutch Government at some past time. It was visited by Maulvi Abdul Ilai, of the Calcutta Madrassa, in May last. The result of his examination was satisfactory. X.-EDUCATION OF ABORIGINAL AND BACKWARD RACES. EDUCATI(X OM ABORII'IL AND 300. The total aboriginal population of Bengal, according to the last census, is 2,552,293, of whoin 1,087,202 are returned as Southals, 871,666 as Kols, 469,622 as other western aborigines, 88,3999 as castern aboriginos, and BACKWARD RACES. 35,404 as “unspecified.” While Sontháls and Kols form the two principal divisions of the Kolarian fanıily, the term “ other western aborigines” includes all the non-Aryan tribes whose homes are in Westorn Bengal, in the Orissa and Chota Nagpore Divisions, and in the Feudatory States attached to them. The Dhangars, Uraons, Paithaliks and Paharias como under the class “ other western aborigines.” Under the heading of castern aborigines are returned the Indo-Tibetan, Indo-Chinesc, and Indo-Burmese, who occupy the slopes of the Eastern 1[imalayas and the mountain system which forms the castern and the south-eastern boundary of Bengal. Tho caster Tho eastern aborigines includo the Garo, the Khasi, the Manipuri, the Kuki, and the Naga tribes of the northern frontier; the Mech and Assamese tribos of the Assun valley; and the Tipperalı, Reang, Chakınu, and Lushai tribes of the Chittagong and Tipperah hills. The Sonthals inhabit principally tho Sonthal Pergunnals, Maubhoom, Bankoora, Midnapore, Hazaribagh, Singbhoom, Bhagulporo, Boerbhoom, and Burdwan. Besides Sonthals, there are Paharias, Dhangurs and Kols inhabiting the Sonthal Pergunnahs. Amongst le aboriginal tribes that are found in the four districts of Chota Nagpore, the principal are, besides the Sonthals, (1) the Hos, inclusive of the Mundas, and (2) the Uraons. The IIos, or Larka Kols, are found in Singbhoom only, and the Mundas or Munda Kols and the Uraons in Lohardugga. There is groat affinity between the Kolarian dialects used by the Hos, the Mundas and the Sonthals. On the other hand, the Uraons are an entirely distinct people, whose language belongs to the Dravidian family like that of the Dhangars and the Paharias of Rajmohal. 301. It has always been pointed out that the education of the aboriginal races presents features of unrisual difficulty. Their poverty, the absence of any indigenous educational system auiong them, the generally inaccessible ·112 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR BDUCATION OF BACKWALD RACES. character of the tracts they inhabit, their exclusive ways, and their abhorrence ABORIGINAL AND of foreign civilisation, delayed the success of the first attempts to introduce even plementary education among them. It is, however, undeniable that the influence of Hinduism has for many centuries greatly modified the habits of these races; and of late yoars numbers of them have been benefited by the labours of Christian missionaries, who have in many instances proved to be the pioneers of civilisation among these backward races. 302. The number of pupils of aboriginal races now at school cannot be determined with accuracy, as the existing forms of school returns have no separato headings for them. The head "others” inaludes, besides aboriginal race, various minor religious sects which have discarded the principal religions of the country, although pupils of this latter class are found for the most part, not in primary schools, but in schools of a higher kind. Again, numbers of the aboriginal races are classed as lIindus or Christians, when they happen to profess either Hinduism or Christianity without forfeiting their tribal or ethnological character. The following statement is prepared froin the Inspectors' reports :- Statement shewing the distribution of pupils of aburiginal races at school. NUMBER ATTENDING DIFFKRENT CT.ABBES OP SCHOOL.8. DIVISION Hinb Middle English English. Middle Vuruncu. lar. Upper lower prinary. I primary. Girls. Special und private. Total. 6 30 4 1 9 112 10 J S 106 89 40 Presidency Calcutla Burdwan Rajshahyo Dacca Chittagong Paina Bangulpore Chota Nagporo Orissa Do. Tributary Mehals ... 4 12 ) 1441 6 3. 89 6 119 15 261 2,1180 891 831 1,01% 10 7,148 10,266 25 010 184 249 3,110 563 908 2,790 39 8,249 12,7901 NO 1,604 22 ...... 6 102 3 134 160 938 323 703 38 41 .. ...... ..... .... ... 6 16 1,4:12 ... DOC 1... Totul 297 80:3 822 1,446 25,041 . 1,245 1,109 29,900 3 The total number of aboriginal pupils was 29,906 against 33,151 in the previous year, showing a loss of 3,245 pupils. The loss is chiefly in the lower primary schools, which arises, as in the case of pupils of other races, from the special circumstance of the exclusion of patshalas having less than 10 pupils. 303. In the Presidency Division the total number of pupils under this heading declined from 145 to 134, of whom 6 were reading in high English, 38 in middle, and 90 in primary schools. The aboriginos rcuding in the lower primary schools of Calcutta belong to the Mohtar and Dhangar castes. 304. In the Burdwan Division the total number of aboriginal pupils declined from 3.7^3 to 3,110. T'hero aro no aborigines in the schools in Hooghly and Howrah. There are 22 pupils in Burdwan, 614 in Bankoora, 385 in Beerbhoom, and 2,089 in Midnapore. According to the last census the aborigines formed 3 por cent. of tho whole population in tho division. The percentage of aboriginal pupils on the general total was 1:17 against 1.44 in the previous year. In Midnaporo there is a normal school at Bhimpore aided hy Government for the training of teachers for Sonthal patshalas. Ex-pupils of • this school take service as teachers in the junglo schools established and supported by the American Baptist Mission. The jungle schools are 72 in number with 1,879 Sunthal children, against 52 and 1,245 respectively in the preceding year. Bosides thesc, seven other schools of the same class have boen oponed by the Sub-Inspectors with 149 children, the bulk of whom are Sonthals. “For the first time in the annals of education in the district of Midnapore," says the Deputy Inspector, « two Sonthal boys have passed the middle scholarship examination this year." One Sonthal boy and one Sonthal girl have also passed the lower primary scholarship examination, the former gaining a scholarship, and the latter a prize worth Rs. 15. In Bankoora the Ghola aided school at Bissenporc, under the management of the Wesleyan Mission, trains teachers for Sonthal schools. It contains 18 pupils. In Beerbhoom there are 18 schools spocially intended for the education of Sonthals. These are all ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 113 EDUCATION OF of the lower primary class. The first step towards the education of the Sontbals of this district was taken in 1881, when five schools were opened ABORJAINAL AND as an experimental measure. Of the 18 schools now working, 17 receive BACKWARD RACES. monthly stipends of Rs. 6 each. Arrangements have, however, been made to reduce the stipends to Rs. 3, and to introduce fees. Two circlo pundits or peripatetic teachers divide among them tho work of moving round and teaching the Sonthal schools. A lower primary scholarship has been created for the special benefit of Sonthal boys, and was awarded to the best of two Sonthal boys who passed the exanjination, 305. In the Rajshahye Division the number of aboriginal pupils incroased from 330 to 563. The increase is found in high English, middlo and lower primary schools; but the number fell off in upper primary schools and training schools. Garos had disappeared from the list during the previous year; but three Garos wero reading in lower primary schools during the year under review. The special institutions for the education of aboriginal and other backward races are tho Bhutca boarding school, the Scotch Dission schools, and a lower primary school containing 12 Bhutcas at Buxa in the Eastern Dooars. In schools of general instruction there are also several pupils who belong to aboriginal races. In the Darjiling Terai four Dhangars and five Lepchas are at school. In Jalpaigori, besides the 12 Bhutcas at Buxa, thero are 4 Nepalis and 32 Kochs in the zillal school, 5 Mechs and 3 Garos in lower primarios, and 8 Mechs in the traiuing school already discussed under the head of special instruction. Tho 152 pupils in Rajshahye returned under this head are Banuas and Dhangars. The Blutea boarding school, which has been reported on under schools of special instruction, las on its rolls 1 Tibotan, 16 Bhuteas, 4 Nepalis, 3 Lepchas, and 7 of mixed extraction, all of whom are, however, rocognised as belonging to the Bhutca community. 306. In tho Dacca Division the number of aboriginal pupils diminishod from 545 to 368. They are to be found only in Dacca and Mymensingh. One boy passed the upper primary scholarship examination. In Dacca the aboriginal pupils aro chiefly Koch, Bansis, "Tipperahs and Banuas, and number in all 62. In tho Raypura thannal there is a special school for them containing 27 pupils. The others read in ordinary patshalas. At the Manipuri village, about 6 miles north of Dacca, thero are 29 children, boys and girls ; but as they are classed as Hindus, they are not iucluded in the number given above. In Mymensingh the aboriginal pupils belong to the Garos, Hajongs, Ilardi, and Banai tribes, and are 302 in number. 307. In the Chittagong Division the number of aboriginal pupils decreased from 3,181 to 2,790. There were no pupils of this class in Noakhally. There were 132 in Tipperah, 2,8341 in Chittagong, and 317 in the Chittagong Hill Tracts. Of these 2,790 pupils, 2,311 have been returned as "Buddhists. Of the "others” in Tipperah, 17 are Baruu Mugs, and the rest are principally Tipperahs. In Chittagong thc 2,341 pupils returned as “others” have been reported to be Buddhists; they aro for the most part the Barua and Joomia Mugs that inhabit the plains. Of the 317 pupils in tho Hill Tracts, 31 aro Tipporahs, 192 Mugs, and 94 Chaknas. In the Chittagong Ilill Tracts, 3 boys classed as "others ” passed the upper primary examination, and in Chittagong, among “others” two boys passed the middle vernacular, and 12 the upper primary examination. T'ho 3 successful boys of the lIill Tracts are Chakmas, and tho 14 from Chittagong are Buddhists, that is to say, Barua Mugs. It is for the benefit of the Chakmas and Joomia Mugs that the Goverumont keeps up the boarding schools at Rangamati and Bandarban. 308. In the Patna Division there is only one patshala, at Piperdeh on tho Rohtas plateau, for the cducation of Dhangars. It contained ton pupils, who were taught Hindi and mental arithmctic. The patshala at Nagatala was closed, as no teacher would romain there on account of its unhealthiness. 309. In tho Bhagulporo Division the total number of pupils of aboriginal races at school was 8,289 against 9,533 of the previous year. Most of the pupils of this class are found in tho Sunthal Pergunnahs, where their number is 7,124, of whom 6,744 are boys and 127 are girls. The Paharias used to receive oducation partly under Mr. Stark at Bhagaya, and partly under Mr. Weber at Bhagulpore, both belonging to the Church Mission Society. The Bhagulporo · Bill Boys' School,' as it was called, has been closed and P ·114 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR KDUCATION OF transferred to Bhagaya, together with the grant allowed by the Government. ABORIGINAL AND The Church Mission Society's grant has thus been increased from Rs. 6,000 BACKWAR®, RACE®. to Rs. 7,800 a year-an ample sum for managing Sonthal and Paharia education. The Church Mission Society's school at Bhagulporo is now to be a higher class school, to which boys trained at the schools of the various mission stations are to go. Sonthal education is carried on by the Governaient, by the Church Mission Society, and by tho IIome Mission' under Messrs. Boeresen and Skrefsrud. The Governinent scheme for the Damin-i-koh is working well, and Mr. Pope statos that an additional sum is now required to extend the scheme by opening more schools. The Church Mission Society have stations at Barharwa, Hiranpur, Taljhari, Patra near Godda, and Bhagaya. At Taljhari there is a middle and an upper primary school; all the others are lower primarios. This station is niade the centre, and from this boys are to pass to Bhagulpore. Both the Church Mission Society and the Home Mission' have admirable girls' schools, superintended by the ladies of the Mission. Sonthal education in Maldah has made but little progross. Mr. Pope says, “the Sonthal populiation there is a fluctuating one, and is by no means stationary. The Sonthals como and go, and it is hopeless to get hold of them." 310. The Chota Naypore Division has, as usual, returned the largest number of pupils of aboriginal races, namely, 12,795 against 13,599 of the provious year. There has been a loss of 804 pupils. Examining the figuros returned from each district, it appears that the loss is confined to Lohardugga and Sing bloom, the other two districts showing a fair increase. The loss of Sonthal pupils has been most marked in Singbhooin, und is attributed to the shutting up of a large number of Sonthal schools in Dhalbhoom and the abandonment of the chief-guru system, introduced into that district in 1881-85, for alleged want of funds. It is worthy of note that three aboriginal candidates, viz., two from the Ranchi and one from the Chaibassa zillah school, appeared at the Entrance examination of 1885-86. A Native Christian from Runchi passed the examination and obtained a scholarship of Rs. 10, tenable in the Burdwan Maharaja's College. This is the first instance of a pupil of aboriginal birth being successful at any University examination. At the middle English, scholarship examination, one boy passed out of six sont up from the Anglican Mission School at Ranchi. There were 5 successful aboriginal candidates at the middle vernacular scholarship examination in 1885-86, against 8 in the preceding year. Twenty-four pupils passed the upper primary and 150 the lower primary scholarship examination during the year under report. Of the total number of 45 lower primary schularships allotted to the division, 6 wore carried off by aborigines, namely, :) in Singbhoom and 1 in Lohardugga. A part of the oducational work in Chota Nagpore is in the hands of four missionary societies, viz., the Berlin Evangelical, S. P. G. (Anglican), Free Church of Scotland, and St. Xavier's. During the year under review the Berlin Mission showed the largest increase in schools and pupils. The number of schools under the Anglican Mission shows 10 change, but there has been a large increase in the number of boys attenuing then. The Free Church Mission seems to be extending its oporations among tho Sonthal population in the Giridhi sub-division of Ilazaribagh, and to a certain extent in the adjoining pergunnah of Tundi in Manbhoom. The only school under St. Xavier's Mission is the mixed infant school at Chaibassa. It is understood that this mission intends to gradually expand its educational work, and with this view it has opened one or two schools in Lohardugga since the commencement of the prosent financial year. 31. In Orissa tho number of pupils belonging to aboriginal races increased from 12 to 60, but that of low caste pupils diminished from 4,465 to 4,402. The pupils of aboriginal descent for the inost part belong to the Sonthal tribe. Cuttack is the only district which has special lower primary schools for pupils of low castes. The number of such institutions was 13, against 6 of the preceding yoar. Fifteen low caste boys passed the lower primary scholarship examination during tho year. The Joint-Inspector remarks :-"Popular projudice against low castes is still very strong in Orissa. It requires great inanagement, therefore, successfully to carry out in practice the principle of the equal school-rights of all castes." 312. In the Orissa Tributary Mehals the total number of pupils of aboriginal races declinod from 1,638 to 1,509. Tho majority of the students ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 115 EDICATION OM belong to the Bhuyan, Puran, Sonthal and Khond tribes. The pupils of the last-mentioned tribe mostly come from the Khondmal states. The other races. ABORIGINAL AND represented in the school going population are Bathuris, Bhumigas, Kurmis, BACKWARD HACEX. Kols, Gonds, Juangs, Gungas, Tanlas, Sobors, Khairas, Dhumris und Patuas. The special schools for the education of aborigines are the Sonthal schools in Mourbhunj, the Bhuyan schools in Keonjhur, and the cess schools in the Khondmals. The loss of pupils in the Sonthal schools is attributed to a panic caused amongst tho Sonthals of the neighbourhood by the untimely death of the Sonthal inspecting pundit and of the promising Sonthal boy, the fact of whose passing tho minor scholarship examination was noticed in the previous year's report, and who was prosecuting his studies in the Balasore Zilla school. Mr. Metcalfc, Superintendent of the Orissa Tributary Mehals, remarks :- “The Sonthal inspecting pundit was a young man who had shown great zeal in the cause of Sonthal education, and his death was looked upon as a mark of displeasure of the offended gods.” In Keonjhur two Bhuyan schools wero closed during the year under report, which mainly accounts for the loss of Bhuyan pupils from our returns. Ono Kondh boy has passed the upper primary scholarship examination during the year under review. Thirteen boys have passed tho lower primary scholarship examination, three of them being Khonds of the Khonumals, seven Bl:uyans of Keonjhur, and three Sonthals of Mourbhunj. XI.-INDIGENOUS EDUCATION. 313. The purely indigenous education of the country is carried on in (1) tols, (2) maktabs, (3) kyoungs, and (4) patshalus and other schools that do not conform to any departmental standard. The tols are the indigenous institutions of the country for the prosecution of Sanskrit studies. The only language taught is Sanskrit, through the medium of which the pupils, after learning Sanskrit grannar, study one or inore of the following special subjects:-Smrili or llindu law and theology, Nyaya or logic, Krvyje or literve humaniorre, Alunkuru or rhetoric, and Sanskrit works on medicine. The maktabs are schools in which the elements of Arabic, Persian and Urdu literature are taught; the higher branches of Arabic and Persian literature, philosophy, and law being exhaustively studied in the madrassas, already discussed under the lead of Mahouedar education. In both considerable attention is devoted to the Koran. The kyoung is the modern representative of the ancient Buddhist Tihára. In these institutions instruction is given in Pali, the sacred language of the Buddhists, by a Raoli or Buudlist priest. None but Buddhist students are admitted into the kyoungs. The patshalas constitute the indigenous primary schools of the country, in which an elementary education is given in the vernacular language of the district. The purely indigenous patshulas arc, however, rapidly disappearing as they gradually conform to the departmental system of instruction 311. The following table shows the statistics of indigenous schools in cach division for the year under review :- INDICENCI horCATION. ADVANCE1). ELEMENTARY. OTIEK SCIOUIN. TOTAL. Arabic or leraan. Sanskrit. For boyH. For kirls. For boys. For kirls. DITINI03. Schools. Pupils. Schools. Pupils. Schools Pripils. Schools, Schools. Pupils. Schouls. Pupils. Schools. Pupils. 57 670 DO 75 . 14 16 239 510 405 17 1402 27 i 3 is ::: ::: Pupils. 256 175 11 170 ... 1 Os 2,016 GOS 16,511 9:31 sti 1,521 ... 373 1.7 Prosidency Culcutta Burdwan Rajshahye Dace Chittugong Putna Bhagulpore Chota Nayporo Oriana Do. Tributary Mchals .. I otal 20 134 1080) 38 5 920 77 12 +7 28 057 1,58% 105 3 11,620 3.826 1,071 51 316 482 59 101 11 6 15 10 1,426 208 62 15 83 151 41) 53 18 109 6 13 129 19 ! -::: 30 M2 88 11 ..... 1,802 18,706 877 6,1165 3,360 129 114 1,761 7 87 2,231 29.719 315. The total number of indigenous schools fell from 2, 512 to 2,234, while the number of pupils reading in them increased from 27,339 to 29,749. P 2 ·116 REPORT OF TITE DIRECTOR INDIGENOUN EDUCATION. - The maktabs and madrassas included in our returns increased from 940 to 1302, chiefly in Eastern Bengal; while there was a decrease of 511 in the number of tols-a loss which has been incurred almost exclusively in the Patna Division, where tols having less than 10 pupils have been no longer returned. This exclusion seems to be due to a misapprehenson on the part of the Inspector as to the intention of the rule, which was meant to apply only to elementary patshalas which were in course of adopting departmental standards, and which with our limited agency of inspection it was found impossible to supervive effectively. But it is well known that tuls all over the country are generally attended by but few pupils, owing to the fact that the pundit hus, in conformity with immemorial tradition, to maintain as well as to teach his scholars. The average number of pupils in a tol is in fact only 8 or 9; and in a return of the indigenous agencies of instruction it is necessary to show all that exist. In any future scheme that may be devised for tho improvoment and encouragement of the tols, it is probable that such encouragement will take the form of rewards to those pundits whose pupils pass a central exami. nation. The pundits will be left to teach after their own methods, without compulsion of any kind from inspecting officers of the Departmıont; and in this point of view it is indifferent how many pupils a tol has. In future all tols that offer to submit returns will bo included, whatever be the number of pupils. An account of the Sanskrit Title examination has been given under the head of Special Instruction, but will in future reports be transforred to this section. 316. In the Presidency Division the advanced schools in which Arabic or Persian are taught have increased from 7 to 14, and tho number of their pupils from 113 to 239. Sanskrit tols have decreased from 59 to 57, but the number of their pupils has increasod from 551 to 576, i.l., there are about 10 pupils in each tol. The Inspector of the Presidency Circle remarks: A sum of Rs. 150 per mensen is distributed among tlic pupils of the tols of Navadwipa, but it is believed to be insufficient. The professors generally decline to receive any payment for the pious work of imparting knowledge, but there are signs that a more practical spirit is abroad, and the time is not very distant when Stute grants or municipal contributions will be acceptable to them. The Naihati Municipality in the 24-Pergunnahs set aside funds for the encouragement of tols with the full consent of Mr. J. Ware Edgar, C.S.I., the Commissioner of the Division. Four tols in that municipality are in receipt of Rs. 240 a year. 317. In the Burdwan Division there has been under this head a decroase of 52 schools and 1,519 pupils during the year under report. The teachers of tols and maktabs, who receive nothing from Govornnent, in several instances declined to furnish statistics. Also in the district of lIowrah, 46 patshalas lave undergono a change of classification. 318. In the Rajshahye Division the districts which liavo furnished returns of schools coming under this head Bogra, Pubna, Rajshahye, and Rungpore. In Bogra returns have been received from 3 tols and 7 maktabs, having 26 and 115 pupils respectively. The 3 tols have been regular in furnishing returns for the last few years, while returns have this year buen collected froin 7 inaktabs only, as against 22 in 1884-85 and so many as 80 in 1883 84. From l'ubna 1 maktab and 5 tols attended by 10 and 34 e upils respectively are returned, as against 2 maktabs and 8 tols of the previvus year. Rajshahiye and Rungpore huvo, for the first time, included in their returns schools under this head; the former 7 maktabs and 2 tols, and the latter 14 maktabs and I tol. This last institution, unlike other tols, is of recent origin, having been established during the year at tho sudder station of Rungpore at the instance of somo of the zemindars and other well-to do residents, with the object of encouraging Sanskrit education in the district, and of finally sending up pupils to the Title examination. 319. In the lacia Division the number of schools toaching Arabic and Persiau increased from 320 with 3,572 pupils to 934 with 11,629 pupils; and this notwithstanding the fact that 206 maktabs containing less than 10 pupils were excluded from the returns of the Dacca district. The number of tols increased from 118 with 1,102 pupils to 170 with 1,521 pupils. In 1884-85 only Ducca and Furreedporo returned indigenous schools. This year Backergunge has returned 20 > are ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 117 INDIGENOUS EDUCATION. tols with 278 students, but no maktabs, although the Deputy Inspector is said to have noticed a large number of maktabs held by wealthy Mahomedans in their own houses. Mymensingh continues to give no returns under this head. The Dacca. Sarasvat Somaj held its examinations on the 13th and 14th May 1886. The subjects of examination were the samo as usual. At the Title examination, 223 candidates appeared from 59 tols; 2 out of 4 candidates passed in Nyaya, 10 out of 11 in Padartha, 6 appeared and passed in Smriti, 8 out of 14 in literature and grammar. Of the remaining 188 candidates, who were examined by a lower standard, 16 passed in Nyaya, 22 appeared and passed in Smriti, and 64 out of 145 in grammar. On tho results of the examination Rs. 497 were paid in rewards to pundits, Rs. 277-8 to pupils, and Rs. 148 as scholarships to pupils,-in all Rs. 922-8. The income of the Somaj from all sources amounted to Rs. 2,405, and the total disbursements to Rs. 2,287-14-3. The balanco at its credit on the 31st March 1886 was Rs. 9,1345-1-6. The Government contributions to the Somaj was Rs. 500. 320. The total number of indigenous private schools in the Chittagong Division was 304 with 6,150 pupils, against 53 schools with 052 pupils of the previous year. Under this head there are two tols in Tipperah receiving aid from the Brahmanbaria Municipality. In Chittagong, the 176 schools return ed under this head include, besides tols and maktabs, the kyoungs of Cox's Bazar. In Noakhally, of the 116 schools returned, 2 are Sanskrit tols, 37 maktabs, 75 patshalas, and 2 girls' schools unaffected by the department. In the Ilill Tracts of Chittagong, the kyoungs under Mug ruolis are included under this head. 321. In the Patna Division, 171 maktabs, tols and patshalas with 2,660 pupils have been returned, against 1,244 with 12,106 pupils in the preceding year. In the indigenous patshalas of Behar Hindi or Urdu is taught, with sometimes a little Persian or Arabic. Mr. Pope, Inspector of the Behar Circle, remarks: -- “ There arn in the circle five Sanskrit schools, at Tikari, Mozufferporc, Madhubani, Revilgunge, and latna. Three of these are aided, and the rest are supported by contribuie tions and ondowments. Thoso schools are working well, but they have no definite soheme to work by, and this is a pity. The Title examination in Calcutta is far too high, and it is impossible for thoso institutions to enter into competition with the Sanskrit College at Calcutta, or with the tols of Daoca and Nudden. Soms intermediate stage is necessary to encourage these smallor schools and make them really useful." A scheme having this object and applicable to all similar schools has recently been subniitted to Government. :22. In the Bhagulpore Division there are 10 indigenous schools with 543 pupils. Of these, 11 aro Sanskrit tols, giving education to 208 Brahman pupils, 5 arc madrasses and maktabs teaching an advanced course in Arabic and Persian to 51 pupils of whom 2 are Ilinclus, and 2+ are patshalas with 284 boys. Of tho 11 tols, 4 are in the Sonthal Fergunnahs and the rest in Monghyr. The maktabs are all in the Sonthal Pergumalis. Of the 21 patshalas, one with 59 Native Christian girls is in Bhagulpore; the rest aro in Maldab There is a maktab at Mulna Chak in Bhagulporo town, in which 12 pupils are boarded free of cost; under special orders of Government, it receives a grant of Rs. 20 a month 323. In the Chota Nagpore Division the maktabs were 33 in number, attended by 445 pupils, against 27 institutions with 310 pupils in the year before. The Assistant Inspector says : “ As stated in my reports of previous years, these schools havo still somo hold ou the Mahomedan population of the division, on religious grounds They aro gradually losing their inportance from a secular point of view, owing to the introduction of Hindi as the court language. The Kayastha8 aud other lindu onstes do not patronise these schools to any extent as they used to do ten years ago. The elements of the l’ersian langunge, as well as the committing to memory of texts from the Koran, generally form the course of instruotion. The miajis (teachers) are very poorly paid, their omoluments not excooding Rs. 3 on an average per menseni, besides food and clothing.' The number of tols is very small in Chota Nagpore, culisidering the iarge Hindu population, of the division. The fow that oxist are kept isy pundits supported by wealthy zemindars. In these schools the pupils are not required ·118 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR INDIGENOUN KDUCATION, to pay foes, but they are not fed and clothed by their instructors as the custom is in Bengal. The course of studies generally includes grammar, literature, tho puranus, and in rare instances astrology. The average income of each pundit is Rs. 10 exclusive of food. 324. In Orissa the number of schools under this head has fallen from 79 with 1,148 pupils to 58 with 842 pupils. A few of the tols have not furnished returns. The Joint Inspector states that most of these schools open and close spasmodically. Sanskrit grammar, literature and logic are taught in the advanced tols of Poorce. Gonerally speaking, maktabs are better attended than tols. Some of the strongest maktabs have ceased to exist in consequence of the withdrawal of the native regiment from Cuttack. Four of the maktabs in this town receive aid from the Cuttack Municipality, No maktabs are returned from Pooree. Instruction in elementary patshalas consists of little else than the chanting of metrical stories from palm-leaf books. The two schools shown under this head in Balasore are night-schools, which ought to have been shown as lower primaries. Under the head of Other schools' included certain elementary institutions in Cuttack for the instruction of Madrasi children in Tamil and Telugu. 325. In the Orissa Tributary Mchals, the total number of schools returned under this head is II, namely, lo tols and 1 private school, with an aggregate attendance of 88 pupils. Tho Keonjhur tol has ceased t.) exist. The Nayagarh tol is the most advanced in the Gurjats; the others are hardly worth the name. Two of these tols are situated in Mourbhunj, one of which, though nominally a toi, is virtually an upper primary school. Both receive fixed monthly stipends from the revenues of the State, and will sooner or later be absorbed into the departmental system. The only private school is that of Mourbhunj, attended by the children of the kaj family. PREPARATION INT) DISTRIBUTION OF TEXT-HOOKS ANI) OTH KR SCHO01. LI'I'KRATURE. XII.-PREPARATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF TEXT-BOOKS AND OTHER SCHOOL LITERATURE. 326. The preparation of school-books in Bengal having for more than 30 years been left entirely to private enterprise, the chief function of the Education Department hus been to make a selection out of the very large number of publications offered for its acceptanco. This duty was, prior to 1875, discharged by the Inspectors of Schools; but in that year it was transferredo a Central Textbook Committee, so far as related to books in history, geography, mathematics and science for the middle scholarship examination. By a resolution of the Government of Beng:1, dated January 1882, the Committee were empowered to report to the Direcior of Public Instruction on all text-books suited, not only to the standard of the middle scholarship examination, but also to the requirements of all classes in a middle school. Down to September 1886, 791 books have been received for examination from authors and publishers, of which 764 have been more or less fully reported upon by the Committee. The Committee also examined 145 other books brought to their notice by the Inspector of the esidency Circle, who is cx-officio their Secretary. Many of these books were either already in use in the different educational circles, or had been favourably reviewed by the Text-book Revision Committee, which closod its labours in 1875. The Committee now consists of 15 members, 1'th Dr. Rajendra Lala Mitra, liui Bahadur, c.1.E., as President. The duties of the niombers of the Committoc and of the President are of a most responsible and very onerous character, and the cordial acknowlodgrents of the Department are due to them for their work. 327. A new sories of wall maps in Bengali has been brought out during the year by Babu Sasi Bhusan Chatterjea of Calcutta, at the moderate price of Rs. 2-8 á piece for thio Ilemispheres, Asia, Europe, and Africa. Larger maps, of Bengal and India, are offored at Rs.3-4. In point of execution thesc maps are reported to be neat and accurate. The same publisher has brought out a cheap atlas consisting of 16 maps at Re. 1-2 a copy. 328. Besides the Contral Text-book Committee sitting at Calcutta, there are branch committeos for Bolar and Orissa. The former, which has its headquarters at Bankipore, roports the publication of 29 works in the Kaithi character, which have all been approved by the Committeo. The Orissa Committee now ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 119 TRIBITION 'TEXT-HOOKS AND (THER N HOOL LITEKATI'RR. consists of 13 members, including the three district officers and two Professors of pretakaTION the Cuttack College. The Committee examined during the year 16 manuscripts and new publications, of which six have been adopted and five rejected, the remaining five being still under consideration. Wall maps of Orissa, Pooree, Cuttack, and Balasore in Uriya were published with the assistance of Kumar Baikantha Nath De, and the Joint-Inspector commonds the project to the patronage of Government 329. The Calcutta School-Book Society, which receives a grant of Rs. 200 a month from Government, still sorves through its numerous agencies as a useful mediurn for the distribution of books in the less accessible parts of Bengal; but with the extension of railway and steam communication, a considerable share of the distributing business has been taken up by private firms. In the year 1888), the Society sold in Calcutta, and at its 140 agencies in different parts of the country, 211,556 books valued at Rs. 83,327. A. W. CROFT, Director of Public Instruction.

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·Encu101 Grv.K.II Tisle I. Abstract Rehors of Chileyen, Schuils, :? Si hoider's ww the Lorir Porter's nt Derguarihi ewl of the officiul year 1885-86. Firetta's-, General Table III i AREA ASD TOPILATION. Proli IVSTITUZlUYS. Private institution. 1, "'!, Salariegen. ! skorlar.q. I'l'rul. til, special. Percentage of - Total area iu squire. miles. Nunier of tors ar s:llages." Pupaliti. Total ni pable instit11 t..us. GRANI) TOTAL.. 275 Prim.rs Eljen. 1 Train Illot ins huls. REMARK8. Adranced. almal vic tury. 1 2 3 + 6 11 9 12 13 ii 13 16 15 16 1 i 1,879 341 -- (Furmales 25 12 2,137 511.71 22 33 52,959 2,220 21.23 --- Institutions 55,1797 Institutions to gumber of towns and vil lages. 2,354 11 For funales 1 30 3 2,31 ... 11 - .90 GENERAL STATISTICS, Torras 232 Villages ... 259.IN Males 33.917.217 Females 31,213.81 1,5731 355 165,775 Total 259,918 Tital €8.1 0..18 Toril 51 1: 32.9: 25 5:1 2.231 57.533 22:13 21.213: 5.321 Vale scholars to male po- 2.11:13 1.19.) 173.5741.1999,1.95 1.11 .243 1.:81,524 2:1.033 phie 1,311,399, pulation of school-goling agent 25-77 I Solar i sitular 1 216 (Female schn. lars to fe. ! 5 12.113'S 110 41,111 216 15,630 male popu: lation of 1287 school-gi.. ing age. 21.21% 5.537 -- !!! 1 !! 177.). 1.113.11 1.2.75 3.28% 1,128.2.11 291,719 (Toralsholars 11 to total pu). 1,334,129, pulation of } 15:56 school.go. ing age. trans Timi nilihin S.!!!!! † 11. 11:14! " l'111.111 Boost: 1 10,17.1.1111'. 1.1', 'all! N.

·E: EDUCATION-GENERAL TABLE II. Abstract Return of Expenditure on Public Instruction in the Loxer Prorinces of Bengal for the official year 1885-86. (For details see General Table IV) TOTAL DIRECT ESTESDIT BE OS PCBLIC ISSTRICTIOX. TOTAL IYDIRECT EXPENDITUBE OS PUBLIC INSTRICTIOX. Tairersity Education. School Edncation Gent:mal. School Eduratiou Special. [niver. Direc. sity. Total, Total expendi. ture on public instruction, Special grants for fur: Buildings, nitare | aud appara. Scholar Inspection., ships. tion, Miscel. laneous. Total, Arts coileges. Prvfessional Secrinary Primary Training colleges. schools. schools. schnols. All other special schools. 1 REMARK. | tus. 3 5 1 9 10 11 19 13 15 16 17 18 54 For males I. 1. Institations ..**9females ... ..!!!. ...... ...... II.. I.... Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. 3,323 2.51,053 2,51.356 3,-43.39 2.32,86425,01, 406 24,53,030 83,125 2,22,236 60,36.562 81,343, 53,230 4,97,726' 1,93,764 1,19,130 8,554'1,36,893 10,93,940 71,27,503 14,133, 5.20).167 5,20,167 5, 17,222 2,32,86127,52,459'27.04,386 97,563 2,22.236 65,56,73: 81,343 53,230, 4,97,726, 1,93.761 1,19,430 8,554 1,36,893 10,90,940,76,47,670 10:50 674 21:39 22:5111 2-55 4.70 68:38 1.79 16:53 6.62 373 *26 3.69 31.62 101 Total III. 13.96 59.82 73.78 5:50! ...... 578 4:34 GENERAL STATISTICS. ...... 10-31 26.22 2. (a) Percentages of provincial expenditure included in columns 2-11 to total! provincial expenditure on public instruction. (6) Percentages of local fund expenditure included in columns 2-17 to ttal local fund expenditure on public instruction, (c) Percentages of mancipal espenditure included in columns 2-17 to total municipal expenditure on public instruction (d) Percentages of total expenditure in columns 2–17 to total expenditure on public iostruction, 100 09:50 23.74 1.90 95:14, '61 • 19; 1.72 16 1.88 4:861 103 7:16 3:01 35.99 35 36 1:29 2.91 8574 1126 70! 6:51 2-531 1:56 11 1.79 14.261 100 3. AVERAGE* ANNUAL Cost OF EDCCATING BACH PCPIL IN- Rs. A. P. Rs. A, p.'Rs. 4. P. Rs. A P. Rs. d. P.Rs. A. P.Rs. 4. P. * The annual cost is calculated on the direct expenditure only. The arerage cost of educating each pupil is obtained by dividing the direct expendi. ture by the average number on the rolls monthly during the year. 399 4 3 9 3 4 3 6 6 95 96 63 8 9 30 10 + Departmental instita: tions. Cost to provincial re. 266 8 1 venues. Cost to local and municipal funds. 0 3 6 IIII. Total Cost 351 1 11 17 14 821 03 15 3 96 9 3 8610 3,48 11 6 .... Local fund schoolst ... Cost to provincial re. venues. Cost to local funds + The average cost of each papil in local fund and Municipal schools is obtained from the figures given in general Table VII. Fractions of a rupee are omitted, except in the columns showing the arerage annual cost of educating each pupil. Total Cost .... ...!!

·...... 0 6 8 0 5 1! 1 (Cost to provincial re. Tennes. Cost to municipal funds. -- Municipal schoolst 3 6 4 0 1 1.4 1 5 3 12 8 !!... Total Cos 11 7 9 1 0 1 33 6 10.10 2 4 .. ODO ...F ...I Institutions in uativo states. Cost to native state revenues. Cost to local and municipal funds. - III. ...... .... Total Cost ..... 28 8 11 3 16 1 11 101) 6 7 1 8 2 1 1 7 Aided institutions (Cost to provincial revenues. Cost to local and municipal funds. -- 0 8 9 0 0 11 ... ...... Total Cost 167 13 ? ... 16 5 ili 2 11 231 5 6 8 0 7 4 1 2 Unaided institutions Total Cost 10 5 1 8 2 2.12 6 8 2 0 8 76 6 10 11 136 30 3111 1 5 3 14 ] 0 10 5 60 11 1.10 3 3 1 11 1 All institutions Cost to provincial rerenues. Cost to local and municipal funds. ... 0 7 2 0 1 0 ...... 1.III --- Total Cest 235 10 8 347 + 7 16 10 52 10 077 7 10 07 8 15 ; bili GENERAL STATISTICS. ... iii ·iv GENERAL STATISTICS. EDUCATION--GENE Return of Colleges and Schools and of Scholars attending then POBLIO INSTITUTIONS. UNDIR PUBLIC MANAGEMENT. UNDER PRIVATS MANAGEMENT, · Maintajnod by the Department, Maintained by Municipal Boards, Ailled by the Department or hy Municipal Boards. Unaided, CLAKH or INATITUTIONS. Sumber of Institutions, Nurnber of scholars on be rolla on 3 st Narcb. Average dumber on the rills moutbls duriog the year. Arerage daily attendance. Number of Institutions. Xumher of scholars on the rulls on 31st Jarch. Average number on the rolls munthis during the year. Average daily attendance. Number of Iustitutions. Yamber of scholars on the rolls on Sist March, Average number on the rolls munthly during the year. Average daily attendance. Number of Institutions. Number of scholars on the rolls on 31st Marcb. Arerage number on the rolls on 31st March, Arerage daily attendance, 1 2 3 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 18 14 16 18 17 UNIVERSITY EDUCATION. Arlo College. 13 919 1,00 05.5 Engligh 6 ... 675 ABS 710 7 1,174 1,168 800 COL.I.XORA OX DEPARTMENTH OF COLLEGE POR PROFESSIONAL. TUAININO, 8 70 51 ... TAW Merlirine Eugineering 110 152 16 1A3 168 10+ ]tit ...... 1 SECONDARY ENCATION High and Middle Schools. For Boys High Schools Middle English 718 137 --- 15,11 10302 52 11,933 ! 11.706 13: 1,144 1,37 176 9,00 b *011 12,236 1,1.301 (1,670 3 ...{Hualieli 29.90 34.01; 17,1668 00 1,117 199,607 315,16:3 $3,8071 031 1,215 Vertaralar 71 21.0032 19,569 1.50 10,29 0,30.5 96 1 9,6. 3,601 807 37,081 For (lirism 2011 189 43 239 139) Hixh Hchools Muddle English S English Varuncular 2 27 D: 33 1.8.2 60: 2 3 3,976 773 135 196 . I. 80 ... ..... Total Bero:dary Schools 246 203, 1:0) 14,92017 21,191 2.4.5+ 22,033 2,083 1,333 1083,070 10,79 37,081 31 05 24,204 PRIAART EDUCATION, Primary Nchools, Page Rous- 21) 710 6.7 1.53 Upper primary Lower B 20 170 179 192 126 KU 190 101,114 771,676 109,90] : M09, 110 #1.1-10 2.0 i 2.391 01:1,5:13) 7.562,116,01 j114,3 % 40,0332 1.741) 83,5:23 121 For (firl 15: 103 08 Upper primury Iwwer 2011 1 769) 8.912 29,0.9 0.024 20,137 13 231 20 731 615 3,3032,892 420 2,297 200 51' Siti : ** 37,4 780 Total Primary Schools 207,9.1 45,053 ' 1,017,518 701,21 7,974, 123,077 120.153 49,029 -- 8PXOJAL Kpuca2017 -- ... 1 16 100 SU 63 590) 4,09 403 401 10: 3 ... II Verhools for Special /wroclaw. Hchool of Art Training wohools for mant. IN Intto for naintreCB Medica) schools hureying Industrial Maracas Uther school 113 611 2 1:57 158 131 4 3 121 155 196 1 .. 3) ... 347 319 183 78 ... 2 3 VO 81 18) 7 1,1% 31 1,1705 31 2011 20 59 192 3:3 1 405 983 11 2,70705 bi 33 1,327 1,270) 080) 8 470 339 Total Special Schools : 328 90,002 Totul schools of Publio Instruction ... :(),1!40 21,392 18 3,83) 3, 1911 5,401 313,692, 1,130,280 1,013,149 83:3,287 8,231 163,174 157,206 118,029 an ... PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS 11. ADVANCED, TEACHING (ar) Arnbir or Paralun (0) Nanskrit 2. ELEMENTA KY, teaching a Vernacular only or mainly 3. OTHXX BC80019 not conforming to Departmental Slandards For boys ... girls For boys girls Total . ... Grand TOTAL ·GENERAL STATISTICS. RAL TABLE III. in the Lower Provinces of Bengal for the official year 1885-86. NUMHAR OT SOHOLARS ON TIE 318T OF MARCH LKAKNING CLASSIFICATION OF SONOLARA ON THX 31BT OF MARCI ACCORDING TO RACE OR CRXRD, REXABKA. Grand total of pablic institutions. Grand total of scholars on the 31st March. A classical language. A vernacular language. Europeans and Earasians. Nature Christians. English. : Lindas. Nahumedans. Otbers. 16 19 20 21 22 Xu 230 232 20 2,1908 2,960 2,017 40 27 2,773 10 13 6 girls. ..... 10 R 10 31 HA 192 164 59 103 13 6 1 :3 girls. 118 1 ...... 204 My 10: 57.6:23 2,10). 03,941 51,970 36,7111 7,500 30,3.71 50.11 1,81'3 1,020 H! girls, 50,2916 1081 61,9.50 5,517 15,613 2:38 31 321 1,141 1. 210 8,1:57 371 d. 0184 du. 6 224 3 2,372 HUS 379 2,337 131 20 322 1 2,17. 59 127 22:26 125 til 19. 7 8 15 hour. 3x4 do 12 do 2018 177.2.35 i 101.61:13 2:3,702 161,170 6,2 1,107 114,70 200.00 171 r 1,170) girls in love' schola. 400) boys in gl' du. IXY 3.487 17,11-23 113,736 Onli, 2001 071 497 113,!1"} 974,201 01.100 01:0.7:1 42,928 3,:46 > 01 311, VEM 3 415 girls, 2:9,330 do, 1031 288 2,000 4.710 3:2,913 983 277 17. Junys. 1.10! 1,013 7.813 3,110% 3:32.-09 420 15,6111! 700 62,996 1.112,311 13,22 1,129,197 05.00) 771, 17:. 3.55, 417 25,5) ( 333.:14 girl in bura' schoul. 1,101 lugs in girly' do. - 1 169 012 120) 00:3 60 103 1,1-12 110 000) 360) 10! 31 girls. ...10 1 1014 .... 9 2 21 19.v. 1,139) 115 ce 108 219) 171 3615 5112 171 3 24; 4 1 א 71 61 19 do. 10 1,310 1 1,0907 31 1,315 31 217 31 A du. 78 4,510 711 2,1153 2.788 1.11th 1,468 16+ ol girl. 55,29141 1,328,280 108,103 71,823 1.89,135 0,115 8,166 928,014 334.159 20,723 31,427 girls in bosa' echools, 1,610 bossiv girle' schools. 1,302 16 476 1 18,538 450 girls. 18,310 0,11* 1,709 ..... 5 38 10 18,706 5,1-10 3,500 129 1,701 87 677 237 7 114 7 3,233 2:7 0,111 1,629 47 305 ha 163 609 9010 H2 808 6 817 82 150 do. 3 boys, 31 girls. hoye. 819 girls in boya' Achoola, 6 buyn in girls do. 2,234 29,719 178 26,819 4,078 60) 7,651 21,383 ... 37,533 1,358,029 108,681 97,807 1,288,199 0,118 8,224 836,408 379,8-12 27,577 35,078 girls in boys' schools, 1,618 boss in girls' schools.

·vi GENERAL STATISTICS. EDUCATION-GENER Return of Expenditure on Public Instruction in up PUBLIN INSTITUTIONS. UNDER PUBLIC MANAGEMENT, Maintained by the Department. Maintained by Municipal Boards. other other OBJECTS OF EXPENDITURE. and and Provincial reveuges. Local rates or cesses. Municipal funds. Subscriptions Endowments sources. Provincial revenues. Local rates or cesses. Municipal funds. Subscriptions. Endowments sources. Fees. Total. Pees. Total. 1 20 2r 2d 20 af sa 37 3c 3d 80 38 -- ARTS COLLE(E8. Rs. ka. Rs. Rs. Ro. Rs. Rs. Ks. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rad Rs. University Dducation. English COLLEGES OR DEPARTMENTS OF COLLEGES FOR PROFESSIONAL TRAINING. 2,90,408 77.965 44 17,412 3,83,893 .....1 ..... University Education. 798 . ... .... ... .... ...... I... Law Medicine Engineering 11,38,006 63,425 (a). 1,729 0,591 15,501 9,621 1,48,1-10 08,956 .. ...... .... Hien AND MIDDLE Sono Lø. 20) Secondary Educalion. For Boya- High schools English Middle schools { varnacular Por! Girls High schools English Middle schools Enxhi Vernacular 11.4,195 2:3, 149 47,000 6,396 2,91,015 000) 2:1.0.31 U21 19,719 4,983 17,287 4,61,07% 205 47.852 4,918 25 72,817 876 2:10 5,017 1.000 3,313 10,922 2.X.Mi 6,769 16,835 7,219 I, 135 .. 122 17,205 4,470 030 22,300 10 ... ... ... Total Socor dary Schools ... 12,29,349) 6.620 13,399,684 10,798 17,603 ; 0,04,015 1,116 9,301119,677 179 20+ 30,483 PRIMARY SCHOOLS (VERNACULAR). Primary Eduration. Prot Boy - Uppor primary Lowor do. ..... 1,908 7903 396 39 9,394 85k 675 1,020 ... 19 . 073 1,320 ... Por Girin- Upper primary Lower do. 032 . ...... Total Primary Scbools 2,794 19 ,193 992 ...... ...... ...... .... .. 3,127 SCHOOL.B POR SPECIAL INSTRUCTION. Special Eduoation, ..... 3,116 I. ...1 18,818 65,900 123 21,034 05,639 $ 1. .. ..... I School of Art Training school for montery Training uch mole for mistii Non Medical vohnols Burveying Achools Industrial schools MadrHANA Other schools 108 710, 981 ..... 12,394 2,0120 3116 ... .. ..... 3 Mi 11. ..... 87,850 8,140) 1.000 55,1011 4,058 410 24,792 .. 1,20301 25,515 4,008 .. 4,859 ... 443 .00 1,027 10 ..... 1,-170 ..... D. Total Special Schools 11,07,205 25,447 2,45,647 780 1,027 .. ... 1,816 ... ... ... ... ... ..... D... ..... .... ...... ... Arco .. . .4. ... 1. .. ...... ... .... ...... ••• ... ..... ...... ..... ..... DI... ..... ...... I.... .... Vuiversity Direction Inspection (Arta college Professionul collogos Scholarships hold in Herondary schools Primary ditto Bpecia Arihools other than training schools Buildings Furniture and apparatus (special grunts only) Minoella nuous 1... ... ..... ... ..... ..ISI II .. dia 14. .... .. ... ... .. ..... ... .. ...19 .... ...... ..... Total Exponditore on Publio lvatruction 10,21,982 0,020 4,64,850 10,301 01,290 14,65,683 1 116 2,19 11,077 19,677 1,200 264 36,433 a) Surplus ſcos in th Dacoa College, Rs. 1,682 ·GENERAL STATISTICS. vii AL Table IV. the Lower Provinces of Bengal for the official year 1885-86. 1 UNDER PRIVATE MAKACIEMENT. TOTAL EXPENDITTRE FROM Aidol by the Department or by Municipul Bourds. Unuidcdi. other other REMARKS. and and Pronincial rerenues. Local rates or cesses. Ő Municipal funds. Subscriptions. Endowinents sources. 'Suliscriptions. Enclovirents Snures. Provincial revenues. Lical rates or resses. Municipal funds. All other sources. GRASD TOTAL. Pers. Total, Pees. Total. Pers. sa 46 4 ba hc Cu CA Oc 60 6 7 Rs. ks. Ry. Ry. ks. ks. ks. Rs. Ro. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. RS. Rs. 21,217 41,75+ 19,289 67.061 1,42,314 6,578 13,3:37 14,915 3,14,710 1,25,290 1,07,210 *5,47,222* Exclusve of the expenditure ju the La Marti. niere, Metropu. Jitan, City and Albert Culleres, 6,113 72 0,217 870 ... ...... 1,:34 000 33,15 . 14.03H 9,531 5,65561 +10,784 Ditto Metropoli- 1,4,140 lun and City 88,91805! Colleysty. 1.... ..... 1,611.1.1.3 5 3,30,800 $9,504 10,463 !!, 101'), 1,799,4% 1,63,968 4:1.073 6,03 1,14,637, 81,00 0...19 565,1902.17,1733' 5.12.31 3,30,651 9,822 43,958 07.586 3,24,310' 301.0613 11,076 71.385, 12,78+ 8,13: 80),739 2,32,093 1,99 1,02,7:33 32,127 11,040 10,601 8,51,110 2,60,085 18.71,716 1.95,72% 2,1% 676 0,805,037 1,03,057 1,10,2:31 4,13,694 615 217: 1,13,: 217 MA III. 1.9: 31,719 5 $12! 1 170 3,7440 1,17,98 1 1997 32,07 1,99,615 1.9933 8,281! 12.872 1,500 7,50,474,3,2,1: 1,831,176 16,87. 180 2,50,921 13,126 31,718 11,211 1.9MB 3,0:30: 24,101 1901 1,17,986. 48,702 1.9,646 299 1.9233 21,153 299,300 64,193! 13,66,600 65,44,9940 97,62,469 1,10,195 59.17 N6, 1835 87,343 4,30, 13: 0,11,501 800 1,64,119 1,199.807 147 1,331 3,913 1,38,72% 11,704 9 3:10, 3,57.1971 2,336 8,619 12,28,470, 83,652 1.01,6;:') 18,54,50 1,41,0.98 2.709 15,718 2,750 7.817 26.423, 2,43.7599 1,605,096 4,20,603 8:22 2,471, 3.213 1,11,177 00,759 8,68,367 7,019 14,10,203:20, 12, 107 20,81,603 - 46,307, 2.361 12.381 b. 3! 01.574 NR 38.319 1,61,079 73, 170 9,217 7,503 3,11 11,692 51 1,389 4711 181,307! 6,71,931 3,296 12,116' 1,09.088 1,71,197 3,4899 6,716 %4,332 80,199! 18,6717| 10,711,09 4,37,246, 27,01,380 1,198 17.0i8c 13.81,993.,2-1,165 1,2,370 :1,5-9,535 1.81,71 291,6:431,039 29,45,170 0.71,038 3,013 ... 6,759 4,720 762 2,100 7,127) 5,71% 18,18 1718 4.720 lli, 189 11,135 5,116 1,318 2.1110 J0,092 2,337 2,310 ... .3 ... 11,7011 2,020 ..... (5,410) ...: 21,9:41 R3,128 14,435 90, 1601 8.R06 0,073 8.5,078 107,687 346 969 699 780 1,990 2,310) 1,8171 30,570 1,350 .... 702 1,607 1,350 16,9633 12,000 698 581 3,709 27.51.1 4,736 2.19 38,839 1,801 21. OSI 11,538 090 8,61 15,647 5,20 36,059 19,278 12,845 3,658 85,777 2,08,7:933, 1,485 43,730 63,788 3,19,790 . ..... 81,319 ..... ..... .... 357 . 479 ..... ..... ... 63,230 4,:19,466 0:71 19.01.) 70,930 7,479 81,349 63,230 4,597,728 85,442 20,8111 78,093 9,496 ...... 1,1271 16,5711 1,960! 1,4984 ..... ..... ... ... ...... ... 2861 77 242! 140 2,137 1,218 ... .... BBM ..... .... ..... ...... ..... ...... ... ..... ...... ...... 08 1.978 1,11,807 7,492 1,11,477 ..... 1,945, 2,503 8,84541 1,10,450 BONI 8,534 7,074 1,80,898 ...... 1,916 1:6 1,178 ... ..... . BIU.. ...... 001 15,610 11,18,088 2,300 60,901 21,80,728 6,11,446 8,48,87043,18,888 4,72,701 1,28,034 1,86,489 7,86,894 29,80,000 -- 1 6,174 78,410 32,38,100|13,34,887 76,47,870 and in the Patna Collore, Bull. 2,818, total Rn. 3,900.

·Crimprising all pup : ls who have noe . EDUCATION - GENERAL TABLE V. viii Return of the Stages of Instruction of pupils in Public Scho-ils for General Erucation in the Lower Prorinces of Bengal at the end of the othcial year 1885-86 WIDDLE SLAGB. [ PPBR PRIMARY STAGE. LIGI STAGE. LOWER PRIMART STAGR. passed beyond the Lower Primary TOTAL. Cmirising all pupi's who have J'A: closind the Ville Stage, hubase ort passed the Matricula. tion Examination. Cimpoiain2 all papils hin Comprising al pupils who se passed baroui ibu base 879..d barigd the l'ops Pricirt Sings, but Lurer Primary Slage, but have tot 3*591 besuai bare ait pas et benoit tne Julle Stage the t'rrer Primary diaze. CLASS OP SCHOOLS. Number of pupils on the polls , on 31st March. Reading printed books. Not reading pripted books. Number of schools 2 3 5 4 BopR. Girls. | Total. Boys. Total. I Girls. Total. Total. Boss. Girls, Girlo. Boys. Girls. Total, Girls. Boys. Total Boy.. : 5,1: 3,173 2013 ... 50 137 15. 5.) 5,73 4,519 3,5 1,3 21 1.3 145 163 60 29 1 . SECONDARY SCHOOLS. Boys' Schools. Gnsernment High English didert (paidel (joyerordent Yiddle English Aid Unaided Government Middle Veruacular. Aided Lpaided vist 013 (87 15 112 17.!.! 2 73 2.30 "Y,910 117! P. 11.07 71 9 21 10 20 126 -13 13 373 2,592 1.599 3,-96 422 17,3:5 4,911 4,18 21,495 2,541 173 13 159 42 3,111 orim 1,885 6,861 965 16,892 20,699 (a)20,838 2,061 89,619 10,299 10,925 47,166 5,853 15.892 211,539 20,NIN 2,016 39,381 1,233 10,900 +6,553 6,793 3,194 812 1,897 ! 7...:) 1.7.11 1. 3 7 1 $211 3 3 1,71! 131 1.S 1 1 2727 1-, 2-0 1, 2133 1.,' 1.5112 200 65 25 608 55 4,331 21.1111 2 2010 21 6,17,1 986 11.116 5,353 GE.... 1 GB .... Total 11.632 13. 52.13 C2,652 1x.133 327 1,150 172,226 13,464 (a)173,376 32,123 12, 147 13,311 2,137: ... 373,37) 1 Girls' Schools, 33 33 45 95 85 15 3 3 High English AN 2:11 +3 235 I. 201 43 223 20 16 3 201 $3 233 2 21 80 15 ...... .. GENERAL STATISTICS. Middle English a 3 31 14 Government Aided l'naided Government Aided Cunided Grisernment Aided loaded 532 381 5 1,909 6:9 5:34 15 2,113 27 3 2,115 260 171 3) 357 79 531 lug 347 75 1 1861 1 زن 15 15.7 15:) 12 87 Middle Veruscolar 433 87 +11 12 796 803 1 1 ..... 121 2:31 1,193 1,316 552 Total 785 409 3,256 11 jn 0.1.6 1,182 83,65 ! 1.3,36 979 14,225 172,635 4,406 (c)177,041 TOTAL SECONDARY SCHOOLS 12,35 2,157 177,3:55 13,311 PBINARY SCHOOLS. For Boys. 23 7 23+ 21,1ni 421 1, 7! 4 1,797 17 1,515 ZA 2,993 7 Upper Primary 21 3,7 16 78 1.19 3 3.1 3 3 1,1.9.61 2,673 Government Aided Unaided Gorerunest Aided Unaided 3 451 191 3°,17 28,439 1,134 591 33 269 517,57.35.443 53,115,000,022 897 109.961 2,478 793 889,116 116,451 13 105 9+8 39,726 106,215 631 2,6114 273 536 319.401 941,907 81,35_114,345 413,132 1,066,478 15 3 4,770 52,174 : 12,311 Lower Primary 14,866 1,361 ... 17.03 7,012 27,249 2,147 SA?,316 17,451 ... 33,209 23, 63,374 3.931425,107 15,475 393 Total 1,099,836 14,9) 3 1,499,656 .: 5,719 .. 169 $3 5,577 5 121 3 21 1,111 111 1.15 23 + 289 13 $9 5,337 3:1 Upper Primary 159 8,532 : 350) 41 1,759 219 232 19 1,6.54 171) For Girla. Government Aided Unaided Government Aided C Daided 159 8,91% 645 330 95 049 . 333 16 Lower Primary 1,79 231 29.6.9 18.714 1,102 : 243 1:,177 23! 1,775 13 13 15 3,33 72 1.) 24,10m 1,33 GAS 120 Total 1 15,517 2,936 12,420 686 29,1 29,6119 1,793 38 3,265 3,303 16,337 1,101 41,527 42,828 459,419; 1,067,579 74,735 1,142,314 473,64 1,241,215 | 79,141 (a)1,318,356 1:13 25.173 331 2.:15 131 7.1 TOTAL PRIMARY SCHOOLS 654,176 ; 425,527, 33,892 62,996 1,112,315 55,18 3 75,673 66.11.9 GRAND TOTAL Sly 22,331 :),192 31.1.1 779 1,919,549 13, 311 718, H+ 133,873, 54,771 13,375 +1,336 64 1 I.-- For the purposes nf this return sind. Erintime! IF Vlll": 1,1+1 Roar.is ?", "rlurled under Givernment abrols, II.-The nug:ber of girls shown 11:s talle shulelerries.... 1:02 ubor returnelander Primary auri sudary Schools in Guberal Table III, III.--Mixed schowe uppetered alors sols or ir!' Sabres, il {"ca: l. nie erit bors or girs is greater, (a).-lo returns of 191 boys from Lavartmi:re.

·GENERAL STATISTICS. ix EDUCATION-GENERAL TABLE VI. Return showing the Results of Prescribed Examinations in the Lower Prvvinces of Bengal for the official year 1885-86. NUMBER OF INSTITUTIONS BENDING EXAMINKX8. NUMBER OF EXAMINERB. NUMBER PABBED. BACB OR CREED OF PASBRD BCHOLARS, instituinstituinstitu. NATUBR OY EXAMINATION. Government tions. Aided institutions. Other institutions. Aided institutions. Governuent tions Other institutions. Private students. Aided institutions. Government tions. Other institutions. Private studente. European and Eurasiaps. Total, Natire Christians. Total. Mahomedans. Total. Aindus. Others. 1 2 8 5 0 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 16a 1601 | 100 ARTI COLLEGE ... 1. Master of Arts Bachelor of Arts ... 3. First Examination in Arts ... .. 10. 7 12 SOCO 27 149 298 13 10 110 203 6 73 231 31 214 48 873 740* 81 106 174 38 8 9 86 61 55 91 18 ... 840 231 314 12 11 YOR COLLRGBS TRAINING PROPEBBIONAL Law- ... 1. Doctor of law 2. Bachelor of law 3. Hunours in law 1 0 1 3.3.. ... ... ... 1 119 102 ] 21 ... 208 ..... 98 ... ..... ... ... ...... PA .. 1.1... Medicing- ... .. . 12 30 8 ..... ... ... ... 1 1 1 . 100 30t! 3 32 1 1 1 1 2 12 1 23 ...... 1. First M. B. First l.. M.S. %Second M. H. 4. Kocond L. M. 8. 0. Honours in Surgery 6, Ditto in Modioino 7. Vitto in Midwifery 23 B .. .. 10.R. ... 1.0 1 .. 1 ***** 1 S Engineoring- 1. 1. C. E. 2. First Examination in Eugi. neering. 3. L. E. .. 00 1 1 2 100... 9.0 .. .... ... 1 ... ... ... .. 1 1 ...... 1 1 ... 1 ..... ...... ... SCIIOOLS POR GRXERAL EDUCA. TION 50 ... 1120 164 242 ' 1,0 6 791 1,169 497 217 849 1,070 40 967 88 88 2,978 2 87 6 1,312 ... ... 3140 47 4.16 60) 112 28 4155 52 24 c 309 19 ... 648 18 1,063 2,767 713 803 783 485 174 21. / 2,629 2 io Matriculation Boys Girls Middle English Bcholur. Boys whip Exundination Girls Middlo Vernacular Scho-Boys larship Exhinimation Girls Upper Primary Scholar. Boys whip Examination Girls Lower Primary Scholar- Boys ship Exammation Girls Girls' Scholarship Exuiinuion hold by the Hitukari cubhan of Uttarpnra 889 1 2,974 103 d 1,146 1 149 2,575 0 4.005 2 7,9411 ... 82 900 441 627 188 270 199 4,002 1,686 ? 3,485 30 19,677 988 2 7 3 89 3 2,306 212 2 3,586 457 38 1 16,841 2.948 359 18 6,687 47 37,050 617 10,678 192 100 12 391 83 1 230 3 10.7924 196 252 67 8 ... 38,113 581 1:22 3 20,018 397 99 3 22 20) 290 215 216 210 ..... ... .... . . . Of these two wore fama.es, + Of Chero one was a femalo. Including girls' schools for Europeans and Eurasians. a Inclusive of 23 middle vernacular and 4 high schools. 434 candidaton from 29 middle vernacular schools and 13 candidates from 4 high schools, Do. 21 dio. from middlo vernacular schools und 4 candidatos froin high schools. 209 middle English and 20 high schools. Do. 7:36 candidates from 259 middle English achools and 186 candidates from 20 high schools. Do 582 do. frow middlo English schools and 110 candidntes from high schools. Do. 1o.

·х GENERAL STATISTICS. EDUCATION -GENERAL Return showing the Distribution of Local Fund and Municipal Espenditure on EXPENDITURE OF LOCAL FUND BOARDS ON PUBLIO INSTRUOTION. IN INSTITUTIONS MAINTAINED BY LOCAL POND BOARDS. IN INSTITUTIONS MAIN. TAINED BY OBJECTS OF EXPENDITE RE. Number of Institutions. Vamher of scholars on the rolls on the 31st of March. Average namber on the rolls monthly during the year, Average daily attendance. Provincial grants. Local rates or cesses, Yunicipal grants. Endowmouts and other sources. The Department. Municipal Boardı, Private persons or associations. Subscriptions Total Local Fund expendi. ture on pablic instruction, Pees. Total. 1 2 8 6 7 8 9 10 11 3 18 18 18 Rs. RA. ks. Ils. Ru. Rs. RU. Rs. Rs. Rs. SECONDARY EDUCATION. High and Middlo Schools. For Boy - High schools ... ... ... ... ... ... ... English English Vernacular ... .. ..... +.. ... ... Middle . ... 23 ... ... For Girls High schools ... ..... ... ... 100 ... ...... .. English English S ... .. ... Middle ... Verticular ... .... Tota) ... ... .. ... PUIMART EDUCATION. Primary Schools. For Boys Upper primary ... ... .. ... Lower ... ... ... .. ... Nur Girls Upper primary ... .. .. ... .. Lower ... ... Total . ..... ... ... ...... *** .. ... ... ...... ... ... SCHOOL EDUCATION, APECIAL. Schools for Special Instruotion. Training schools for Mastors Ditto for Mistresses Medioal schools ... Surveying ... .. 10. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. . .. .. ... Industrial ... .. ... ... to.... .1. ... Madrnggu ... . .. ... .00 ... Other schooly ... ... ... Total ... .. ... ... .. ... ... INAPACTION ... ... ... ... ... .. ... ...... SCUOLARBRIPs held in .. ... . ... ... ...R ... Secondary school, Primary Special schools other than training schools ... .. .. .. . .. ... ..... ... ... . .. . ... BUILDINGS ... . 1.0 .. ..... ... 130 ... + ... ... 9... 001 FURNITURE AND APPALATUB (special grants only) MISCELLANROUW ... ... ... ... ...... ... GRAND TOTA), .... ..... ..... ... ... ...... gen ... ......

·GENERAL STATISTICS. xi TABLE VII. Public Instruction in the Lower Provinces of Bengal for the official year 1885-86. EXPENDITURE OF MUNICIPAL BOARDS ON PUBLIO INSTRUCTION. IN INSTITUTIONS MAINTAINED BY MUNICIPAL BOARDA. IN INSTITUTIONS MAINTAINED DY other Associa- REMARKS. Number of institutious. and Number of scholars on the rolls on the 31st of March, Average namber on the rolls monthly during the year. Total expenditure of Local Fund and Municipal Boards ou public instruction. Average daily attendance. Provincial graots. Total municipal expenditure on public instruction. Municipal rates. en Local fund grants. Endowments sources. The Subscriptions. Local Fund Boards. The Department. Private persong or tions, Pets. Total. 17 18 19 20 21 20 90 81 32 Ra. Re. Rs. Rs. Ra. Rs. Re. RA. Rm. Rs Rs. R. 929 018 718 870 8,017 10,022 20 10,835 8,804 .... 18,606 32,427 32,427 3 008 831 442 240 1 020 2,896 67 4,219 ..... 2,015 8,018 11,086 11,0186 10,501 9 1,417 1,209 922 3,313 0,700 122 0,438 772 6,416 10,501 ...... -400 ..... ...... ..... ...... ..... ..... 0.00 ..... 186) 180 180 ..ISI. ...I ...... 261 290 298 16 2,954 2,666 2,082 1,116 9,850 19,577 179 20% 50,402 ..... 11,669 33,408 134,409 54,1913 .... 0 175 102 676 127 ..... 3,888 10... 075 8,088 .... 8,888 ..... 20 472 125 186 5.000 1,320 1,6200 8,578 10,139 10,139 ...... ..... 160 183 893 54 932 2,310 ...... 3 296 3,200 ...... .... .... 238 ...... 3,951 8,489 ...... 8,4891 30 8086 780 869) 3,127 3,127 462 17,229 20.812 20,812 ! . VI ... ...e 101... ...... ..... VO I..... ...... I... ..... ...... ...... .. 1 1 7 8 5 848 346 3401 3161 6X) 690 899 ...... ... ..... ..... ..... ..... ... ...... ..... ... 1 07 SA 80 ...... 1,027 1,170 ...... .... ...... 2 ot CA 41 780 1,810 1,027 629 1,488 ..... 1,448 .... ...... ..... 835 835 ..... ...... ..... ...... ... ...bag ...... 134 ... .... ... 2107 297 .... .... . I.100 .....! ... ...... ...... ...... . .. 1,315 1,345 120 120 60 120 120 ... 100... ... .. 1,829 1,829 ...... 01.00 ...... ... ..... .... .... ..... ..... 8,834 8,491 1,898 18,272 10,677 1,200 20 85,556 12,181 31,604 81,880 | 81,656 1 . Khondmal Cess Fund.

·sii GENERAL STATISTICS. EDUCATION-SUBSIDIARY TABLE I. 1, Return of the Caste and Creed of pupils at the Colleges and Schools in the Lower Provinces of Bengal for the year 1885-86. HINDU.. CHRISTIANS. CLABS OF SCHOOLS. Yumber of schools. Number of pupils on the rolls on the 31st March. Brahmans, Raj; puts, Keyasths, and Babhang. (2) Narasakhs. (3) Soparbanias, car. penters, goldsmiths, and other interizedi. Ate castes. (4) Chamars, Domes, Haris, Bagdis, Pods, Europeans and Eura. sians. Hassu mans. Others (Aboriginal races, Buddhists, parsis, &c., &o.) Native Christians. Grand total of all races. 5 Total. (1) Total UNIVERSITY EDUCATION. Arte Collage- Government Aided Upsided 13 00 1 104 949 876 1,174 ... 760 671 882 26 85 17 181 831 787 a 1,165 7 20 84 SS 10 B9 4 4 1 18 7 949 878 1,774 ... ... Collagos or dopartments of colleges for pro. fessional training- ... .. LAW ... Government Unaidud 110 772 5 .00 4 80 144 $35 6746 16 16 2 8 110 9 11 Medicine Engineering Giovernment Ditto 1 1 162 109 66 90 8 4 AO 113 8 1 63 6 . 10 182 154 BCHOOLS TOR GERRRAL EDUCATION. Por Boys Govornmont Aided Unsidod... High English 187 187 71 16,802 20.000 21,092 10,030) 18,431 13,000 1,118 2,728 3,280 1,171 1,569 3,007 82 10 12,951 c 17,447 19,394 2,6657 1,083 1,177 29 447 287 118 160 131 147 1,107 398 15,802 20,648 21,082 ... 50 691 Middlo do. 16 361 160 9.086 39,6-N) 10.298 Aideri Vuuided O 847 5,034 1,080 21,0414 8,102 2,006 4,033 1,324 1,264 83,017 8,703 50 137 1,485 47 2 90% 31 106 159 96 1,816) 78 1,411 10,299 אאן . Government Do. Vernacular... Aided Unujded 857 M 10,926 47,100 5,453 11 4,418 22,541 2,850 1,492 0.291 1,013 2,1039 7,783 1,0036 238 1,195 77 4,147 41,7M 5,015 1,888 6,0 4 206 1 2013 101 20. 1 10,1125 / 160 5,808 "... Upper Primary Government Aided Unaided 2,9143 887 109,031 2,678 202 38,387 241 19,891 650 181 25,681 502 094 8R, 196 2,210 182 4,237 08 78 1 558 .... ) 740 19,838 4029 1,040) 1,187 887 100,X91 2,678 Lower do. Government Ailied Unaidud... . 29 441,0332 7,502 003 800,110 110,451 20 107 104,812 181,800 24,068 148 178,844 10,000 41,330 7,087 293 3 676,792 209,018 72,690 10,097 2,182 1,202 2,182 1,202 207 20,621 2,578 883 809,116 116,461 Mur Girl O 201 100 1 7 113 High English Governinout Aidud Uvaided... 2 1 2 29 30 3 92 343 231 201 43 288 231 ... Middle do. Covornment Aided Unaided.". ... 2,118 200 BS 11 .. g 06 1,918 257 .... 124 3 7 ... 2,012 200 2,116 200 ... ... Do. Varnacular Governinent Aided Unaided... .... 16 808 8:10 108 . ..... 10 SAXO 8 808 OD ..... .. 240 ... .... Upper Primary Government Sellinen Unaidod... 159 8,912 23 4,488 219 1,871 51 1,180) 57 8 899 1 104 7,378 h 308 *** 109) 83 13 54 1,062 3 322 177 1,374 180 51 150 8,912 467 19 10 ... Lower do. ... Government Aided Unaided... 1,780 231 24.0303 3,209 12.270 1,100 4,357 427 6.A24 1,092 23,283 2,220 4,780 812 ::: 809 220 ROS 840 794 31 24,609 8,3055 BCHOOLS FOR SPECIAL EDUCATION. ... 1 10 183 102 WW) 437 18 72 5 1 BA 600 2 8 08 188 BAS 459 10 88 150 350 309 Kchool of Art Clovernment Training schools for S Government Mastere Aidad Training sohools for Aided Muutrentes, dovernment Medical mohools 3 .. ... 116 ...... *** 7 .... 109 110 ..... 116 270 ... {Unaided 443 157 833 109 78 5 :: 445 107 .. ..... Surveying schools Government ... 908 140 16 1 171 26 1 8 9 2 208 IP ludustrial schooly Ditto Aided Unaidud 1 5 2 24 847 75 34 132 18 32 14 2X 48 91 27 3 3 18 24 347 78 ... ...... 3 ..... Madrinha Government { Unidad 7 3 1 ..... 1 ... 1,124 142 .. 1,123 192 1,124 . ... .10 ...... ...... ..... .. ..... ..... Other sohools Gover.tment Aided Unaided 18 0 21 81 .. 67 18 19 ... 67 104 40 801 98 406 ...... *** ... ...10 ..... PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS. 6,248 188 5,441 Advazoud, teaching (a) Nanskrit (5) Arabic or Persian lemontary, teaching a vernacular only or mainly (her private schools 6 577 1,902 234 181 191 19 878 ...... 14. 16 6,146 18,766 8,699 1,148 6 210 1 ...... 1 18,838 1,916 929 446 18,706 8,689 1,848 1,678 310 147 P. . 103 609 Total 87.693 1,858,029 382,328 230,1508 1. 208,321 60.437 11,36,488 379,842 6,118 8,824 14,543 : 87,877 1,868,029 out . Schools maintained by Municipal Boards should be included under Government sohools. 704 pupils whono roturas have not been received. 592 ditto ditto ditto. ditto ditto ditto. ditto ditto ditto. ditto ditto ditto. 7 ditto ditto ditto. 2 ditto ditto ditto, 4 ditto ditto ditto. i 1,878 ditto ditto ditto.

·xiii GENERAL STATISTICS. EDUCATION-SUBSIDIARY TABLE II. Return of Occupation of Parents or Guardians of pupils at the Colleges and Schools in the Lower Province of Bengal during the year 1885-86. MIDDLE CLA88X8 OF BOCIETY (YEABLY INCOME PROM Rs. 200 TO Rs. 5,000). POORER CLA88X8 OF SOCIETY (YRARLY IN- COME NOT EXCEKDING Rs. 2001). Number of Schools. Number of pupils on the rolls on the sist Yarch. Richer classes of society (Jearly incowe above Rs. 6,000). CLASS OP SCHOOLO. Government service. Private service, Professions, Common labour. Estates. Miscellaneous. Agriculture. GRASD TOTAL. Skilled abour. Trades. Service. Total. Trades. Total. UNIVERSITY EDUCATION- 30! 72 129 121 10 ... 13 6 7 ... 949 878 1,174 221 236 79 120 218 98 251 166 66 85 101 51 748 816 347 20 5 52 21 4 6 975 (a) 465 .00 1. 20 67 87 ... 20 Colleges Government Aided Unaided Oollages or Doportmonta of Collages for Professional Training- Governmont JAW Medioine Government Engineering Ditto 31 6 1101 3 U. { Unaided ..... 6 22 9 14 98 88 772 182 180 88 001 48 41 19 117 20 9 8 20 .... 241 11 14 . 101 147 180 114 ***** 110 (6) 109 162 169 13 6 13 $5 ... . 101 10 ... schools POR GENERAL EDUCATION For Boy- Hixh English Govornment Aided Unaided B0 187 71 16,892 20.699 21,032 1,589 3,891 1,882 2,799 2,031,037 11,577 888 2,405 3,890 8,0994 2,103 2,009 19,501 1,608 2,748 3,480 2,381 1,017 2,434 19,366 1,025 2,208 2,277 787 1,464 1,1031 820 951 1,153 17 814 839 356 218 1,088 29 751 2,726 13,8 6,2-10 (c) 20,tikti 6,866 (d) 0,898 .. 16 681 106 Government Aided Vouided 2,050 39,649 10,208 65 298 230 186 149 208 862 2,548 6,726 5,6991 2,499 3,5:36 314 655 1,33 1,212 660) 081 1,019 19,797 252 5,202 1,471 232) 6,808 1,955 200 63 80 116 2.849 1,098 1,02 1,9160 784 340 279 511 449 18,9401 5.340 2,066 (c) 99,629 10,2H8 Middle English ... ... 188 887 N3 Rovernment Aided Uuaided 10,02B 47,100 6,868 192 872 890 1,351 836 889) 710 1,944,313 0.972 1,715 3,978 1041 174 574 671 214 609 4,008 14,822 2,132 1,192 5,918 7-41 3,241 11,708 1,082 1,280 426 282 397 4,600 1,569 1,189 3,195 600 106 117 875 0,718 XH, 184 3,617 10,925 47,166 6,283 Middle Vernacular ... 897 I.. 20 2,983 78 Government Aided Unaided 1 22 12 30 17 19 727 1,325 3,928 9,798 2,097 6,001 31 64 122 193 53 97 108 23,089 618 72 11,298 324 109,1461 2,078 527 48,396 1,187 63 2 85 24 12,647 4,79:31 4,223 4,834 219 100 170 1401 780 887 86,190 (S) 109,946 2,129 2,078 ... Upper Primary ... ... shivernment Unuidad .. 29 40,03% 7,50% 893 1 181 19 860,110 2,778 3,892 13,460 433,086 9.645 330,002 100,175 110,461 107 248 1,240 4,678 1,3306 %,834 10,200 875 58,370 614,235 7,218 79,734 Lowor Primary 130 14 37 91 675 70, +36 37,478 48,274 31,372 766,105 8,601 0,289 6,889 4,977 106,078 5933 899,116 116,461 For Girls- 62 10 39 12 ..... ... 2 1! 20] 43 9 41 7 990 Government Ajdod Unaided 39 21 3 134 27 50 201 43 (g) 146 ... ...... Iligh English 21 . .. ... ... ..... 39 9 22 3) 7201 Governmont Aided Unaided ... 27 8 Middle English 97 38 2,116 200 1,: 704 87 167 80i 320) 105 (h) 2,039 -260 ... 12.11. ... ... ... ... ... 110 ..... 1255 808 95 1 15 808 100 138 26 8 278 403 00 5 Middle Vernacular ...... .... ..... .. ..... ..... .. II. c... BIORE Govornment Aidad Unwided ... Govornment Aided Uunidad ... 4 200 13 169 8,912 046 9 1 1 199 1.427 1,307 29 78 S 9 782 2 7:45 71 603 31 24 959 35 0.005 305 2 988 40 13 000 121 277 41 204 9 32 65+ 29 196! 8,7021 129 Upper Primary 1.59 (i) 8,9906 () 467 ..... u. .. Govornment Aided Unaided Lower Primary 1,769 291 29,609 3,303 00 347 84) . 890 1,873 2,643 67 210 261 980 1,818 OR 191 8:30 803 21,032 2,400 3,530 887 9,024 1,272 3,426 1,392 1,218 1,439 348) 170 98 18+ 29,008 9,303 17 2 25 27 183 1 29 19 1 8 169 23 91 135 ... ... SCHOOLS POR SPRCIAL EDUCATION- School of Art Government Training Schools for s Governmont Mootors 9 451 883 16 6 us 2 62 8 108 ... ... 31 0 18 2 292 18 129 68 219 247 6 107 55) 101 683 459 469 ... ... Aided I. Truining Schools for Mintresses 79 116 3 116 20 1 Aided 1:. JB 10 ... 37 14 11 881 30 10 11 Medical Schools ... { Unwided ... 443 167 S 1 82 VU 81 171 291 110 32 ...... 30 18 27 3 26 38 117 . 7+ 2081 6 35 208 30 13 88 19 Government 120 6 .. . Surveying Schools ... ...» *** 0 18 14 38 24 847 75 201 71 Government Aided Unaided 18 ten Industrial Schoolu 18 20 20 8 .... 80 85 18 2 8 6 81 34 267 98 3-67 75 2 ... 12 83 401 79 29 { Government ent 1,134 142 38 3 79 9 215 20 8.98 72 32 61 18! 37 2-16 97 1,194 197 Madrasahs 61 30! Unaided 100 S 2 9 B 1 16 10 0 ... 20 34 20 78 309 98 405 2 21 1 98 405 40 Government Aidod Uuaided 71 SOS 7 Other Sohools 2 18 13 .. ... .. ... .. 00 . PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS- 10 78 577 1,802 8,410 18,768 23 81 77 186 .. 779 624 .00 03A 137 2440 1,280 1,808 1,33% 62 641 530) 1,678 1,060 19,808 39 1,008 808 1,178 3,611 17,892 6,446 18,788 Advanced, teaching- (a) Sanskrit (6) Arabic or Porsian Elenieptary, touching a Vernacular only or mainly Olhor private schools 2481 189 294 121 3,989 1,843 3,220 8 6 11 15 391 491 198 76 18+ 6) 00) 91 428 194 808 169 1871 801 185 68 3,260 1,640 3,689 1,848 137 786 Total ... 87,898 1,853,02 11,431 244,8404 6,892 87,908 28,842 59,407 247,977 202,261 807, 944 120,649 6:4,92900,149 53,8911,090,605(k) 1,856,073 do. SOBOTE Schools maintained by Municipal Boards are inoluded under Government Schools, (a) No returns of 709 pupils. 3 Aweschools him orphuns. No returns or y2 girls frien LaMartinlore. Ditto 603 One school hau 18 orphana. One ditto do. No returns of 194 boys from La Martinidro. U Ono ditto 118 do. Oue nchool has 60 orphans. (k) No return. of 1,960 pupils Ditto 18 do.

·EDUCATION-SUBSIDIARY TABLE III. AIX the year 1885-86. Return of schools aided from the Grant-in-aid Allotment, the Circle Grant, Municipal Funds, or Khas Mehal Grant's in the Lower Provinces of Bengal during RRCBIVED FROY-- Number of schools, Number of scholars. CLAS OF SCHOOLS. Provincial revenues. Municipal funds. Local rates or cesses. Fees. Subscriptions, Endowments and Total. REMARKS. other sources, 8 $ 5 6 1 8 9 10 11 Rs. Rs. Rus, Re. Rs. Rs. Rs. 2,842 2.137 40,829 19.4435 7,685 3.282 A.-GRAXT-IN-AID SCHOOLS. TRAINING SCHOOLS {for mistress mistresses High English Middle POR BOYS Fernacular Upper primary Lower High English Middle FOR GIRLS vernacular Upper primary Lower 645 217 147 5,738 4,720 94,498 1,67,219 82.387 11,168 4,924 1,920 31,718 5,821 45,128 10,582 6 S 132 551 600 93 196 1 27 15 237 109 . 116 19,884 38,911 S8.0+1 3.973 3,839 43 2,115 308 7,784 2,946 5,280 8145 762 2,186 3,21,6-45 1,77,267 98.885 5,587 1,064 1,476 1,17,888 1,933 12,239 1,158 7,127 5,212 77,975 1,82,302 79,619 12,155 6,911 2,400 11,495 3,281 69,957 12,791 16,419 14,436 5,34,380 5,68,412 2,81,170 30,260 12,199 5,796 1,83,648 30,788 1,57,279 27,145 ... ... 180 299 1,7461 1,097 32,267 14,302 34,209 1,576 19 Total 1,16,779 1,909 4,76,541 35,988 1.009 7,41,669 4,49,465 1,77,281 .. 18,81,952 { 165 152 18 6,763 5.539 591 92 B.-CIRCLE SCHOOLS. Middle vernacular Upper primary Lower Middle rernacnlar Upper primary Lower 14,213 13,041 1,310 11,952 7,581 581 POR BOYS 1,532 1,117 79 288 891 27,965 22,162 1,970 GENERAL STATISTICS. ... ..... ... . FOB GIRLS I. ...... 342 80 S 35 377 .... Total 329 12,813 28,906 32 20,094 2,763 679 52,474 *C.-MUNICIPAL BCHOOLS. ..... ....! R. .... 1,504 1,446 2.083 1,596 8,749 7 8 13 19 86 270 1 1 17,042 5,281 7,411 1,859 12,355 27,790 10,191 13,516 4,533 1,023 692 231 296 GO 16+ 27 10 200 ..... 798 587 79 2,803 6.213 3,1189 4,826 1,945 5,458 346 43 675 1,520 .... High English Middle FOR BOTA vernacular Upper primary Lover SURVBY CLAN AT RANCHI SPECIAL SCHOOL High English... Middle verticular FOR GIRLS ... Upper primary Lower 22,657 346 1,470 . 30+ ... 1,027 ...... ... ..... .... 9. ... 23 8 22 0 523 675 1,490 1,273 165 23 1,586 1,367 5 151 3,271 2,814 Total 878 16,450 276 25,083 2,195 44,338 10,695 87,008 CHOTA KAOPORR ESTATE GRATTO S 70 3 90 ... . 16A .. .D 168 ..... .. U 527 1,390 1,089 ...... $30 91% 1,418 ..... 837 2,469 3,143 162 464 88 172 .. 57 1,859 ...... ... 10... *D.-KHAS YEEAL GRAJT. Middle verpacglar POR BOYB Upper primary Lower Middle vernacular FOR GIRLS Cpper primary Lower SPECIAL GRANT MADE BY THE COYYI8BIO JER TO 12 BCHOOLS UNDER THB ANGLICAN MISSIOX AT RANCHI Total ... ..... ..... ...10 .. ...... • . 1... 2 135 I. 46 76 257 ..... 12 332 506 998 ...10 100 2,654 3,576 2,777 909 626 7,889 ... ! Fractions of a rupee are omitt i. arger income. Only those schools are showr. under this heading which draw ao grant whaterer from any other fund. Where the same school is in receipt of both municipal and khas mehal grants, it is returned under the head which gives it the ·EDUCATION SUBSIDIARY TABLE IV. Return of Expenditure from the Primary Grant in the Lower Prorinces of Bengal during the year 1885-86. (a).-STIPENDIARY SCHOOLS. RECEIVING OTHER PAYMENTS. RECEIVING STIPEADB ONLY. Total payments to stipendiary scbools. CLABS OJ SCHOOL.. Number of schools. Number of pupils on 31st March. Number of pupils on 31st March. Amount paid in Number of schools. stipends. Amount paid in stipends. Amount paid in rewards after examination to leuchen. Total paid. Other payments to teachers. Rus. Rs. Bs. Rs. Rs. Rs. 1.464 1,249 462 89 1,800 4,705 Middle 2,905 47 1,7:39 ... 0.5 46.200 39.913 1,206 5,751 8,204 75,873 188,774 59.901 1,144 Por boys ... Upper primary 19, 153 87,521 67,271 59,931 143,616 I Lower 1,743 82,021 56,095 2,153 8,437 .. ...I.. ..... BIO .. .... 56 109 12 121 1,141 3 25 1,020 Por girls 758 ... ... (Middle Opper primary Lower Total 941 3,463 5,368 3,378 11,110 20), 417 15,019 591 205 1,019 26,427 ... 118,454 124,536 3,802 127,970 17,671 168,683 296,65% 3,560 106,050 (6).-NON-STIPENDIARY SCHOOLS. BIDING PCPILS FOR EXAMINATION. NOT EENDING PCPILS FOR EXAMINATIOS. Total payments to non-stipendiary. schools. GENERAL CLASS OF SCHOOLS, Ainount paid in rewards after examination to teachers. Other payments to teachers. Number of pupils i on 31st March. Number of schools. Total paid. Number of pupils on 31st March. Payments to teachers, Total paid. Number of schools, Bs. Rs. Buse Rs. Rs. Rs. 406 1 105 +06 0 0 STATISTICS. Middle 11 368 259 10,237 120 18 19 11,250 9,979 312 12,011 For boys Upper primary (Lower 23,393 2,563,341 3,524 64,182 5,845 8,396 2,61,736 2,32,945 671,800 82,139 ... » ... ..... .. Viddle ... .... ... ..... ... ... For giris 6,093 335 1,927 8,095 3,495 9.188 4,166 {Upper primary (Lower Total 501 7.253 2,73,077 25,579 3,863 2,47,498 68,326 8,503 2,81,54 8,3113 33,012 691, 462 Ante.-" Private institutions of General Tuble III are not included in the above return. Frartious of' & rupee are neglected: the nearest rupee is taken. SUMMARY OF PAYMENTS FROM THE PRIMARY GRAYT. • DETAILS OF "OTHBR PATYBXTS. Rs. Rs. .. 2,96,65% .. ... 135,131 18.111 13,492 9,787 ... 2,51,680 .. .511 To stipendiary schools (a) • non-stipeodiary scbools (6) indigenous (private) schouls Onat of prizes to pupils nthor jayments (including : hargrs far ah lished ochols Chief gurus and Inspectiog pundits Charges for abolished schools Contingencies and miscellaneous Charges for conducting examinations Grants for buildings and furniture Contributions to other than primary schools Scholarships Remuneration in Examiners Commission for inunes orders Rewards Amount paid to pathsalas having less than 10 pupils 10 . 1. ..! 10 . . 33,41 6,402 3,631 1,5 1,423 780 158 . ... II. .. 1.17,482 Total narinnnts 7.29,650 Rs. ... 1,17,482 Totul district primary alintment 6,82,587 + Including to suh-inspectors pay at Dinageporn. AX J.II B.- lieg. No. 3153J-559 -- 25.11.-6.

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·GENERAL DEPARTMENT. EDUCATION. CALCUTTA, TIE 2x2 FEBRUARY 1887. RESOLUTION. READ- The General Report on Public Instruction in Bengal for 1885. 86. This report, which is not dated, was received more than three months after the day on which it was due, and no sufficient expla. Character of the report. nation has been offered of the delay. It is submitted by Mr. A. W. Croft, who was on furlough during the period to which it relates, and returned in July last, relieving Mr. Tawney. This fact This fact may to some extent account for tho time spent in its preparation, but the Lieutenant Governor hopes that in future punctuality will be observed, even where, owing to a change of officers, or any such cause, there is some difficulty in getting the work ready by the time prescribed. The report is clcar, full, and as concise as is consistent with the inclusion of a vast number of details, its bulk having been reduced from 155 pages in 1883-84 to 128 pages. Such a report received on the proper date would be deserving of unmixed commendation. Geperal summury. 2. The following table for two years compares the figures of all schools that submit returns to the Department:-- YEAR 1881-85. YEAR 189 80. CLABH OP INSTIICTIONB. Averige number of pupils, ISNO-RU. Schools. l'upils. Schuola. Pupils. Public Institutions. University 26 S Secondary Collore's Ilikh English Achools Vilille verrucular Upper primary Lower 23 2-150 7119 1,110) 2.722 62,8633 1. 2,770 73,7: 19, IST titi, l'11 106.738 1,1:1,800 A83 11,112 2 113 213 71 IM 37 132 1,111 3,187 47,1:2.3 2.9918 57,123 08,113 69,9H 113,320 (980, 10) 5.73:3 4,299 ... ... 19 19 Primary Specul Furnale 351 2,3903 20) Total Public Institutious 711,129 1,192,841 53,299 1,328,280 Private Institution.. 18.704) 11 Advanced : Boluing- Arule or Print Su skrit Elementary: teaching a pornnculnr only or mainly Other schools not conformiug tu depilitinental stuulards 9.10 1,088 372 112 10,485 4,11 5,5615 1,766 1,302 677 23+ 121 3,499 1.848 10 13 Total Prisuto Institutions 2,313 7,8334 2,23+ 20,749 GRAND TOTAL 72,6+1 1,470,180 57,533 1,:356,029 The most notoworthy fact in the educational history of the ycar is the disappearanco from the returns of the department, and the removal from departmental control, of 15,10% schools and 112,151 pupils. The decreaso is under the heading of lower primary schools, and its causes will bo discussed in the paragraph of the Rosolution dealing with that branch of popular education. In so far as the decrease is not nominal, it is due to the exclusion, under recent orders, of new and untried schools from the returns; also of schools with less than 10 pupils. In alt classes of schools other than lower primary, satisfactory progress has been made, especially in English schools, both high and middle, and in the upper section of primary schools. The increase of 23 shown under schools of special instruction is really reducible to 5, 18 Mahomcdan maktabs of a special character having been erroneously included ider this head. Among private institutions not conforming to departmental standards, there is a large ·was ( 2 ) increase in those teaching Arabic and Persian, lvut a still larger falling off in those that teach Sanskrit. The loss has been confined to the Patna Division, where more than 500 tols with less then ten pupils apiece have been excluded from the returnsunnecessarily, as the Director points out, sinco that restriction intended to apply only to public primary schools sooking aid from the grant for primary education. 3. The actual receipts and expenditure of the Education Department was in very close accordance with the revised estimates Financial results. published in the Financial Kosolution of this Government, dated the 31st August 1n86. In 1884-85 the sanctioned expenditure was Rs. 34,07,000, and the actual expenditura Rs. 34,00,000. The estimates for 1685-86 were originally fixed at Rs. 33,87,000, and were reduced after the beginning of the year to Rs. 33,07,000. to Rs. 33,07,000. Through the vigilant control exercised by Mr. Tawney over the expenditure of the department, a still furthor saving of Rs. 22,400 was effected on this reduced estimato. Receipts, however, fell short of the estimato of Rs. 5,68,000 by Rs. 29,400, so that the net Government expenditure exceeded the estimate by Rs. 7,000. Tho chiof savings in oxpenditure were effected under the heads of primary education and of Government colleges, general and professional. The chief falling off in receipts is found under the head of municipal contributions to Government schools, which wore estimated at Rs. 20,000, but roalised only Rs. 6,600. The Director points out that two years ago the receipts from municipalities under this head amounted to Rs. 12,000, and a complaint is implied in his remark that the income from that source instead of advancing has gone back. The maintenance of all middle vernacular schools within municipal limits has recently been transferred to Municipal Boards, and Government no longer pays any portion of their cost. Further steps aro now being taken to enforce the same principle. The Director's report shows, however, that if schools under private as well as under public management be taken into account, the contributions of Municipalities towards their support have rison from Rs. 71,400 to Rs. 74,600, of which Rs. 6,600 were paid to schools under departmental control, Rs. 11,100 to schools managed by Municipal Boards, and Rs. 56,900 to schools under private management, 4. The expenditure of the departmont from all sources, public and private, during the last two years, is shown in the subjoined tablo, which is taken from the departmental returns. It includos charges for medical education and for buildings, which are not included in the educational estimatos, and the totals consequently differ from those given in the last paragraph :- YEAR 1894-86. YEAR 1885-90. Giovernment expenditure (net.) Total expenditure. Govornment expendituro (1141.) Tot:1) Cxpuniliture. ' Re. Rs. Rs. Ry It ... .. 3 ... .. 11 University Collegiato Secondary Primary Pomalo Special Scholarships Buildings Fur. vure and apparatus Miscellaneous Superintendence ... 8,87,100 0.82,000 0,61,000 1,999.000 4,14,000 1,64,100 1,92,00) 8,000 1,000,000 4,97,000 81.000 6,02,00) 24,95, 0110 2,13, 1,77,0470 8,80,000 1,46,000 2,29,010 0,000 1.09,000 8,00,000 81.000 3, 41,0))) 25,01 UNO 21,53,000 8,03,000 0,88.00 1,94,000 1,19,000 9,000 1,87,000 8,81,000 3,15,0110 5,85, 1100 6,87,100 1,44,400 4,11,004 1,08.0180 1,19,000 8,000 1,11,000 0,40,000 29,80,000 .. OU ... ... ... . ... ... ... ... ... II. ... 30,80,000 78.18,000 76,48,000 'The Government expenditure has decreased by Rs. 90,000, owing to the reductions effected during the year, and the total expenditure by Rs. 1,67,000, owing to the exclusion of 15,000 small schools from the returns. There has been a decrease of Rs. 12,000 under collegiate education, of Rs. 64,000 under primary instruction, and of Rs. 80,000 under buildings. The only large increase in Government expenditure is found under the head of Superintendence, and arisos from the increase of the salary of third grade Sub-Inspectors from Rs. 30 to Rs. 50, and the appointment of Assistant Inspectors for the Burdwan, Dacca and Rajshahyo Divisions. In thefee-receipts of the Departnient ·( 3 ) there has been an increase of Rs, 7,500 in high schools, of Rs. 4,500 in other schools, and of Rs. 1,000 in schools of law, medicine, and engineering, which has been counterbalanced by a loss of Rs. 13,500 in college-fees, due to the temporary withdrawal of second and fourth-year students after the completion of their two-years' course. This resulted, as in the previous year, from the recent change in the date of the University examinations, the effect of which has now ceased. The proportion of the Government expenditure on education to its total cost was 39+1 per cent., which is slightly bolow what it was in the previous year. 5. Under the orders of the Government of India, a separate section of Recommendations of the Educa. the roport is now devoted to the measures that have tion Commission. been taken during the year to carry out the recominendations of the Education Commission. The following are the chief :--The recognition and encouragement of Sanskrit tols, the highest class of indigenous schools in thoso provinces, has long formed an integral part of the cducational system of Bengal; and the papers relating to a proposal for giving increased aid and support to these institutions have lately been published for general information. The inspection and examination of primary schools in situ is being carried out to tho utmost extent possible with the prosent limited agency; the position of the subordinate inspecting officers has been much improved, and some additions have been made to their number. In the field of secondary educa. tion the proposal to establislı an alternativo standard at the Eutrance examination, in tho future interests of technical instruction, has been referred to the University. The Lieutenant-Governor has notified that on the 1st May 1887, the Berhampore and Midnapore Colleges will be transferred with specified grants to private management, or in default of any suitable offer to take them over, will be closed The Midnapore College will be transferred to the local Municipality; and the Lieutenant-Governor has been gratified to learn that proposals will shortly be made from more than one quarter to tako over the management of the berliampore College. A college under private management has recently been opened at Narail in Jessore, in connection with the successful high school long established there; and an additional grant-in-aid of Rs. 100 a month has been sanctioned for the support of the college classes. The fact, remarked on by the Commission, that no aided colleges have hitherto sprung up sprung up in the interior of Bengal outside Calcutta is due, in Sir Rivers Thompson's opinion, to no insufficiency in the scale of grants-in-aid authorised by existing rules, but rather to the practico of requiring a fee of Rs. 5 a month to be levied in all colleges applying for Government aid ; while the example of private institutions in Calcutta, which uniformly charge a fee of Rs. 3, shows that the former linit is too high. The rulo has been relaxed in favour of the Narail College, in which the proposed rate of Rs. 3 has been accepted. In matters relating to the internal administration of the Department, the recommendation of the Commission that native gentlemen of approved qualifications should be employed as Inspectors of Schools has been carried out by the appointment of Baboo Radhika Prasanna Mookerjea to officiato as Inspector of the Presidency Circle and by his promotion to the superior yrades of the Department. The Lieutenant-Governor has learnt with pleasure from another portion of the report, that this officor has fully justified the action of the Government in thus promoting him. Conferonces of departmental officers, either alunc or in conjunction with managers of private schools, have been held during the year, and the Lieutenant-Governor has ordered that another, under the presidency of the Director of Public Instruction, shall be held this cold weather, at which, among other things, the grant-in-aid rules and many important questions connected with female éducation will be discussed. The appointment of two additional Inspectresses of Schools was recommended; but financial exigencies made it impossible to carry out the proposal. The education of Muhammadans has received careful attention ; and Sir Rivers Thompson has recently sanctioned the creation of 20 special scholarships awardable to Muhammadan students on the results of the Entrance, of 20 on the results of the F.A., and of two on those of the B. A. Exaunination The appointment of two Muhammadan Assistant Inspectors on salaries of Rs. 200 to Rs. 300 a mouth has also been recommended to the Government of India. The rulos published ·( 4 ) under the Local Self-Government Act in the Calcutta Gazette of the 17th February 1886 provide for the transfer to District Boards of the a!lotments for primary education and primary scholarships within the area under their control, of the grant-in-aid allotmont for certain classes of schools, and of the net grants to all Government schools that aro placed under the direct management of tho Board. Thoso rules aro now in force in the 16 districts to which the Act has been appliod. 6. By the appointment during the past year of Assistant-Inspectors for the Burdwan, Dacca, and Rajshahye Divisions, Controlling Agencies. every division in Bengal has now a Joint or Assistant Inspector of its own, acting under the orders of, and in close communication with, the Circle Inspector. The Government of Bongal in fact looked forward to this result when first sanctioning the appointment of Assistant Inspectors in 1878, in view of the increased demands made on the attention of Circle Inspectors hy the growth of primary as well as secondary schools of all grados. The educational policy followed in Bengal in past years has been uniformly guided by the principle that the inspecting, and especially, the superior, inspecting staff of the Department must be maintained at the highest possible level of intelligence, efficiency, and administrativo power, in the belief that only through tho vigilant control exercised by such an agoncy can the stability of schools and their continued progress be secured, and at the samo time an assurance be gained that whatever funds tho Governmont may be able to allot to education are laid out to the best advantage. The maintenance of that policy has derivedl special importanco in Bengal from the recent enlargement of the field of primary education, which, though under the immediate control of the District District Magistrates, has nooded all the care and attention which the officers of the Department have been ablo to give to it in the last ten years, and in which, with its transfer to District Boards, a new set of l: bourers aro now about to take up unaccustomed work. In the following estinate of the importance of an Inspector's duties the Lioutenant-Governor fully concurs :- The functions of an Inspector of Schools are oxtensive and varioul. In addition to the duties of inspection and examiuntion, which alone are im liell in the office as it is understood in England, a Circle Inspootor in Bongal has administrative duties of a large and responsiblo kind, involving, ou ono hanıl. the control of sizborilizato officers of estab. lished position as tenoliers or inspectors, and on the other tho conduct or affairs, requiring business capaoity and a conciliatory spirit with inclopon lent persons or bodies. For thie continued efficiency of our educational organisntion, it is necessary to exorcise the most vigilant care in the seleotion of officers who are entrusted with duties so important. Sir Rivers Thompson has read with pleasure the encomium which the Diroctor proceeds to pass upon the work of several of the chief inspecting officers of the Department. The proved success of the educational system in Bengal affords additional testimony to the services rendered by Inspectors and Assistant Inspectors, and to the cordial spirit in which they co-operate with Magistrates and othor civil officers intorosted, equally equally with themselves, in the progress of education as one of the main branches of sound adminis. tration. In this place the Lioutenant-Govornor takes the opportunity to call the attention of the Director to Recommendation 14 of tho Education Commission, on the subject of the preparation of a Code for the guidance of 1:s specting officers, which has already been commoncled to his notice. 7. Tho work done by Deputy Inspectors maintains the high lovel of the previous year. The prescribed term of 150 days on tour has been reached by all except nino officers out of 43. The average is highest in the Bhagulpore Division, with 192 days; and the Deputy Inspectors of the Presidency, Patna, and Chota Nagpore Divisions have spent respectivoly 185, 18:3, and 179 days on tour. The threo officers of the Chittagong Division show an avorage of only 146 days, but cach was on leave for two or thrce months in Satisfactory explanations of short work have been furnished in the case of five out of the romaining six officers. The Deputy Inspector of Dacca was on tour for only 119 days, and the fact that for two months he was officiating as Assistant Inspector cannot be regarded as affording a sufficient explanation of his want of activity. There has boen some declino in the number of days spent on tour by Sub-Inspectors. The prescribed term the year ·on ( 5 ) of 200 days has been exceeded in six divisions of Bengal--the Presidency, Dacca, and Orissa Divisions standing highest with 227, 231, and 241 days respectively; but in the Bhagulpore and Chota Nagpore Divisions an average of only 197 days has been reached, and in the Patna Division it falls to 184 days. The Lieutenant-Governor concurs in the remark of the Director that there seems to be no sufficient reason for the very indifferent record of work shown by the Sub-Inspectors of the Patna Division, where travelling presents no spocial difficulties, and where, nevertheless, only seven out of 24 officers have come up to the required standard. 8. The employment of chief gurus or of inspecting pundits, or of some combination of the two, as a subordinate inspecting agoncy, is now in force in almost every district which has a large number of primary schools. In the Dacca Division the chief guru system is said to be open to the charge that some of the gurus neglect their own patshalas in order to earn the allowance granted for visiting schools, and thoir inspection is also reported to be superficial. Much colour is lent to this complaint by the record of work in the Chittagong and Orissa Divisions, where the chiof gurus are said to have paid about 550 visits each on the avorage during the year. " It is quite clear,” Mr Croft remarks, “that the guru's own school must suffer when the principle of periodical visits for purposes of help and guidance is carried to such excessive longths. A special report will in future be called for as to the success of these presumably noglected schools in the examinations of their class." The fault here pointed out can only be attributed to defoctivo supervision, and the Lieutenant-Governor trusts that local otficers will not suffer a system of inspection which, within due limits, is a simple and useful one to degenerato into a scramble for travelling allowances. 9. The number of colleges has increased from 25 to 26, owing to the opening of a small collego class in connection with University Education. St. Paul's School, Darjeeling. The number of students the rolls of all colleges was greater on the 31st March 1886 than at any previous timo, having advanced during the year from 2,779 to 2,998. In Government and in aided colleges the numbers are nearly stationary, the increase having been confined to unaided colleges, and chiefly to the Metropolitan and Ripon Colleges of Calcutta, the Burdwan Maharajah's College, and the Jagannath College of Dacca, the last two of which teach up to tho First Arts standard only. The incroaging success of the Calcutta colleges under private management has again tendod to reduce the numbers in the Prosidency College, which fell to 180, against 204 in 1885, and 383 in 1883. The sraall decrease in the attondauce of the Dacca College is explained by the very successful start which the Jagannath College has mado. There is a largo proportionate increase in the numbers of the Patna College and the Ravenshaw College at Cuttack,-a satisfactory result in view of the progress and the requiroments of Behar and Orissa. The General Assembly's College in Calcutta is rapidly regaining its old position. The total annual cost and the cost to Government of oach student in Guvernment colleges fell from Rs. 366 to Rs. 354, and from Rs. 269 to Rs. 267 respectively. There is a similar decrease in the returns of private colleges generally, except in the Doveton, where the cose of each student to Government has risen from Rs. 57 to Rs. 125, the Government grant having been slightly raised, while the average attendance has fallen one-half. The colleges of the ordinary type in which the education of each student oosts most to Government are the Presidency (Rs. 388), the Ravenshaw College at Cuttack (Rs. 361), and the Berhampore College (Rs. 393). College (Rs. 393). The maintenance, even at a high cost, of the Rayonshaw College, in which the number of students is still very small, is justified by the exceptional circumstances of Orissa; and the cost of the Berhampore College will disappear or be largely reduced with its transfer to & private budy of managers. Of an exceptional kind are the Bethune School (Rs. 620), the Sanskrit College (Rs. 397), and the Calcutta Madrassa (Rs. 991). But these last institutions exist for other purposes than the maintenance of the smaļl college classes attached to them; and the high rates quoted are apparently due to the fact that in each case the whole salary of the Principal is wrongly debited to the highest section of the college instead of being distributed over the whole institution.

·( 6 ) 10. The Presidency College may be regarded as a genuine teaching University of the historical type, in which students have the opportunity of acquiring instruction in many branches of literature and science up to the highest standard now attainable in India. The maintenance of this institution, as long as no private college teaching up to the the same standard can be obtained, is justified, in Sir Rivers Thompson's opinion, by political and administrative considerations that are practically unaffected by a rise or fall in the number of its ordinary students, or by fluctuations in its cost from year to year, A large proportion of its students will always be pass-men; but though the high fees which they pay help to reduce the cost of a necessarily expensive institution, it is not for their benefit that the college is maintained, since they wight be educated elsewhere. It is the Honour students-those who take the degree of B. A. in honours or the higher degree of M.A.-who represent the true life of the college, and by whom its existence is justified. It is desirable that the State should provide education for men of this stamp.as long as the best instruction cannot be obtained from other sources; for such men frequently become the leaders of the community, and their education to a high standard is a public gain. The increasing success of non-Government institutions at the First Arts and B. A. examinations, to which the Director draws prominent attention, affords a cloar proof that in the lower forms of collegiate education at any rate, the private enterprise of the country is gradually taking a predominant position. In 1886 the number of students passing the F.A. examination from Government Colleges and from those under private management were 244 and 387 respectively; at the B. A. pass examination the corresponding numbers were 81 and 201. In the B. A. 'Honour and in the M. A. lists the proportion is reversed: at the former examination 68 passed from Government and 41 from private institutions ; at the latter the number was 21 and 9 respectively. Facts of this kind, as well as considerations of a more general nature, clearly indicate the limits within which, in Sir Rivers Thompson's opinion, the direct agency of Govern. inent should tend to confine itself. Primary schools have always in Bengal been indigenous institutions, needing only the support and encouragement necessary for their multiplication to a degree sufficient to provide for the educational wants of the whole population of a school-going age, instead of, as At present, for a small minority; of secondary schools, English and vernacular, only a small proportion are maintained by the Government, namely, one-twelfth of the former and one-sixth of the lattor class ; and it has just been shown that the number of students passing the First Arts examination from institutions under private management exceeds by more than one-half the number passing from Government colleges. The Lioutenant-Governor finds in these considerations additional grounds for the opinion he expressed in the Resolution on the Report for 1884-85 ; and he trusts that, at no very distant date, it may be possible to confine the more direct operations of Government, if these are in any degree to bo continued, to the provision of education for the highest class of students in the country to those who will themselves become inde. pendent workers in their own special lines of study and research. in this sphere it is evident that private enterprise can compete most unsuccessfully with the more expensive Government Agency. The Government of India, in cominunicating approval of the action isken by the Lieutenant-Governor in regard to the transfer of the Midnapore and Berhampore Colleges, expressed the trust of the Governor-General in Council that it may be found possible at no far distant period, and without detriment to the true interests of higher literary education in Bengal, to carry still further the policy of the gradual transfer to independent management of the Government Colleges and other higher educational institutions of this province. A report from the Director of Public Instruction upon this subject is awaited. Meanwhile, it is observed that the following information, extracted from the report, shows that there has been an improvement during the year in the working of those colleges, as to the continuance of which on their present footing doubts have been raised : i And even 11.

·( 7 ) NAXBE OF COLLEGDI. Number on roll at the end of the year. Pronad P.A. examination. Passed B. A. examination, Cost per annum for enok student. Ra. 31 ... ... 101 19 12 19 277 000 .. O.. .. . ... . ... bo ... 131 . 161 Hooghly 1-88 1888 Deoca- 1686 1886 Krinhnngur 1806 1880 Rajshahyo 1896 1888 Chittagong 1883 1886 ... ... . 00 $3 65 ...... 18 ... 200 Hu . . 13 ... .. ... . I. 28 117 .. ... . . . ... ... ...... .... 243 124 ... . .. .. BRO Total { 1988 412 Svo 77 126 61 ...... no There has thus been in every case an improvement in the result of examinations, and an increase in the number on the rolls except at Rajshahye and Dacca. On the other hand a still greater progress was made by the only two colleges opened by private enterprise in the interior-the Ďaharajah's at Burdwan, and the Jagannath at Dacca; in the former the number of students increased from 97 to 142, that of persons passing the F.A. examination from 29 to 37, while at the Jagannath College there 112 students in 1886 against 48 in 1885, and 28 passed against 17. The figures bere given must be taken in correction of those incorporated in the Rerolution on the Administration Report of the Dacca Division, but they point to the same conclusion, that the Jagannath College is to some extent superseding the lower division of the Government College at Dacca. The general inference would seem to be that private persons are quite competent to manage education in the interior up to the F. A. standard, as they arc in Calcutta able to arrange for the highest class of instruction. 12. These are now held at the beginning of April, and for this reason account of the examinations of 1885 was University Examinations. furnished in the report of the previous year. In the present report, however, the Director has thought it right to depart from the precedent of 1884-85 and the returns of the examinations of 1885 and of 1886 are accordingly submitted, although the latter was not held within the strict limits of the year under report. At the First Arts examination, Government colleges passed 58 per cent. of their candidates in each year ; from aided colleges 40 per cent. passed in 1885 and 45 per cent. in 1886; and from unaided colleges 39 per cent. passed in 1885 and 49 per cent. in 1886. In the number of candidates passing in the first division the Government colleges take the highest place, especially the Presidency, Hooghly, and Dacca Colleges. The Metropolitan Institution, and the General Assembly's, St. Xavier's and Free Church Colleges follow close behind. The Jagannath College of Dacca passed 8 candidates at this examination in 1885, and 28 in 1886. 13. At the B. A. examination of 1885, 242 candidates out of 341 passed, or 72 per cent.; at the examination of 1886, 396 out of 712 passed, or less than 56 per cent. The Director explains the less favourable result of the latter examination by the large incrcase in the number of B. A. candidates in that year. The First Arts examination of June 1884 was the last under the old system, and an exceptionally, large number of candidates (487 in Bengal) was declared to have passod. Six months later a supplementary examination was held for those who had failed, and the number of successful candidates was still further increased by 290, or 777 in all. These were examined for the B. A. degree in April 1886; and the Director adds : perhaps matter for congratulation, considering that every candidate who had tho shadow of a chance was allowed to pass in 1884, that as many as 55 per cent. passed the B. A. examination two years later." The new system under which the successful candidates are classified as B. A.'s with honours and ordinary B. A.'s, with different standards of examination, makes a much needed and very useful distinction between two classes of candidates. The Presidency College passed 40 B. A.'s with honours, of whom 16 were in the first division. The Metropolitan Institution and the Dacca College each passed 14 with " it is ·( 8 ) honours and five in the first division; the Patna College passed nine with honours. The first examination for the M. A. degree under the new regulations was held in November 1885. There was a marked decrease in the number of can. didates which fell from 71 in 1884 to 43. The standard for the M. A. degree has been considerably raised in correspondence with the revised standard for honours in the B. A. examination; and those who took the B. A. degree under the old regulations in many cases found the new M. A. standard too high for them. Of the 43 candidatos 30 were successful. Of these, the Presidency College claimed 16, the Metropolitan and General Assembly's Colleges four each, the Patna College three, while one or two passed from St. Xavier's and the Sanskrit Colleges. The success of colleges under private management at these, the highest examinations of the University, affords ground for much satisfaction as indicating that there is no branch of literary education beyand the sphere of independent enterprise. 14. Sir Rivers Thompson gladly concurs in the opinion expressed by the Director in the following terms upon the work of the higher educational staff : To the work done by the Principals and Professors in the different Government colleges nothing but praise can be accorded. They have spared no pains in their desire to maintain University education at its highest possible level; and the quality of their work is sufficiently attested by the distinguished place which the colleges fill in the University honour lists. The Presidenoy College, which has been under the efficient mana rement of Mr. Griffiths, owes to the commanding strength of its professorial staff the position which it ocoupies as the leading institution on this side of India for the promotion of higher education. The Patna, Hooghly, and Dacoa Colleges are also strongly officered ; and the efforts of able and zealous Principals like Mr. Ewbank, Mr. Mowa, and Mr. Booth, have been seconded with no less ability and zeal by the Professors who assist them. Those larger colleges are the institutions on which, it is not too much to say, depend the higher eduoatiou of Bengal and its continued progress in the ways of civilisation, Thoir effects are seen not only in the creation of a body of publio servants of an unimpeachable standard of capacity and intogrity, but also in the growth of indepondent professional life, in the development of a vigorous publio opinion, and in the croation of a mass of useful literature, through which men who have been trained in our colleges "hand on the lamp to a younger genoration. The responsibilities that fall upon eduoational officers having duties of such importance to discharge are of the highest kind; and they are met, I am glad to be able to record, with enthusiasm and alertness. 15. The following statement shows the number of high English schools for native boys, and of pupils attending them, for Secondary Education. the last two years : High English Schools for Boys. 1884-36. 1886-86. Schools. Pupilo. Sobools. Papila. ... 52 Maintained by the Department Ditto by Municipal Boards Aided by the Department or by Muricipal Boards Unaided 61 2 123 63 14,401 490 18,167 18,650 14,963 939 19,706 20,719 190 69 .. ... he Total 239 51,708 256 66,316 The aided school in the new district of Khoolna has been converted into a Guvernment institution. The Municipalities of Bally in the Hooghly district and of Nattore in Rajshahye bave taken over the management of the high schools at those places. The increase of seven aided schools is due either to the rise of middle schools to this class, or to the giving of a grant to schools previously unaided. Of schools lately aided there are four, while ten new schools have come into existence without grants, so that there is an increase of six ullaided schools; honce there has been a total increase of 10 high schools and of 4,608 pupils due almost entirely to private effort. The Lieutenant- Governor trusts that at no distant date a large number of Government schools will be transferrod to the management of Joint Committees to be appointed ander tho Local Self-Government Act. There is fortunately no ground for questioning the complete capacity of bodies of native gentlemen for managing ·( 9 ) high English schools; and the success which they have achieved for many years in comparatively small places may be looked for with even greater confidence in the head-quarter stations of districts. 16. The Roport shows a serious decline in the proportion of successful candidates at the last two Entrance examinations of the University. The percentage of success has fallen from nearly. 54 in 1884 to 36 in 1885 and to 28 in 1886. The decline has affected all classes of schools and all Divisions alike; it has attractod considerable public attention, and the University has appointed a Committee to inquire into the subject. It is therefore unnecessary for the Lieutenant-Governor to comment on what would in other circumstances have been deemed to indicate a loss of efficiency. It will be sufficient to compare the schools with each other at the last two examinations, rather than with their performances in previous years. The Hare School 'heads the list of collegiate schools as usual, but in the examination of 1886 the Rajshahye Collegiate School advanced from the sixth place to the second, displacing the Hindu School from the position position which it has occupied for many years. The next in order are the collegiate schools at Dacca, Patna, and Hooghly. Among zillah schools the highest places were taken in 1885 by Comilla, Chapra, Barisal and Becrbhoom, und in 1886 by Barisal, Bhagulpore and Comilla. The Mymensing School, in former years the strenuous competitor for the first place with Barisal, has now fallen tu a comparatively low position on the list. In both these places schools under private manageinent have boen for some years successfully maintained. The Gya and Chapra Schools drew no portion of their net grants during the year, the inconie from fees and subscriptions being sufficient for their maintenance. The Ilowrah School obtained a very high place at the examination, but the attempt to work it without a net grant has failed, as in previous years. There are many schools under private management in the neighbourhood, and the question of retaining this as a Government institution is one that is now under the Lieutenant-Governor's consideration in connexion with the revision of net grants to schools. The new zillah school at Khoolna has made a fair start hy passing five candidates at the examination. From the Ranchi School a gonuinc Kol buy passed the Entrance examination in 1885, and guined a junior scholarship. The Inspector of the Western Circle, Babuo Bramha Mohan Mullick, complains that managers of middle schools are often tempted to raise them to the high class without being able to provide a sufficient staff. That many schools under private management are really inefficient is illustrated by the Inspector's romark that his seven departmental schools passed more candidates than all the other 50 schools that competed. The Director is justified in his comment that the chief drawback to this state of things is that a bad high school ccases to be even a good middlo school ; for the teaching in a high school is or may be conducted exclusively through English, and no longer in the vernacular." But so far us aided schools are concerned, the remedy lies in his own hands, for the Director may refuse to allow a school to raise its class unless he is satisfied that the new touching staff is thoroughly efficient. He is requested to impress this point upon Circle Inspectors when they send up proposals for the conversion of middle to high class schools. 17. The figures for middle English schools are given below: Middle English Schools for Boys. 1841-85. IS3-811. Schoole. Pupils. Broois. Tupils. ... Maintainol by the Department Ditto by li unicipal Herrdy Aided by the Department or by Municipal Hourus Unaideri 3 7 1 532 166 .. 37,216 4.293 38,154 10,258 153 Tota) 0:25 ... 97,714 7105 50,3374 The increase of four Government and two Municipal schools is the result of a mere change of classification, arising from the addition of English classes to middle vernacular schools. The increase of 15 aided schools is explained ·( 10 ) as follows : -Ten middle vernacular schools were raised, and one high school was reduced, to this class, while 26 unaided schools received grants. On the other hand, two middle English schools were reduced to vernacular, and five were raised to high English schools, while the grants were withdrawn from 14, and one aidod school was taken over by a municipality, The danger referred to in the last paragraph as attending the elevation of middle to high English schools is also noticed as incidental to the conversion of middle vernacular into middle English schools. In accordance with the orders of 1878, an English class can be added, with the consont of the Inspector, to any vernacular school, and as soon as the English teaching is declared efficient, it is ranked as a middle English school; but in some cases it is reported that this conversion is effected at the cost of the vernacular teaching, the school being unable to aftord an English teacher without reducing to some, and perhaps a dangerous, extent the vernacular staff. Vernacular instruction is the basis of all middle schools, whether they are classed as English or as vernacular; and the Lieute. nant-Governor must insist on the utmost care being taken to prevent any loss of its efficiency. It is hardly necessary to repeat that a good vernacular school is far more useful than a school which teaches both English and the vernacular badly. 18. The figures for middle vernacular schools are here given : Middle Vernacular Schools for Boys. 1894-83. 1885-86. Sclawols, Pupils. Bohoola Papils. 10,474 179 Maintained by the Departmont Ditto hy Municipul Boards Aided be the Dupartinunt or by Municipal Boards Vanded 180 9 840) 102 9,504 1,417 47.472 6,221 857 003 6, Niss ... Total 1,140 08,011 1,141 69,91 The loss of one departmental school is due to the addition of an English class to & vernacular school in Orissa; the place of three other vernacular schools similarly raised being supplied by three new schools. There is a gain of eight aided schools, and a corresponding decrease of six in the number of unaided schools. When middle vernacular schools aro established by private effort in advanced and prosperous villages, it is generally, the Diroctor reports, with the object of converting them hereafter into English schools; thus in the Burdwan Division, of 232 aided vernacular schools, nearly one-fifth have English olasses attached. Before any of these are officially recognised as English schools, the Lieutenant-Governor trusts that the conditions referred to in the last paragraph will be steadily enforood. He regrets to observe the backward and oven declining state of aided middle education in Bouar, especially in those achools in which no English is taught. In the Patna Division, middle English schools fell from 60 to 53, and middle vernacular schools from 13 to 7. Primary schools flourish in Bohar, but students who seek education of any higher kind seem to prefer for the most part the zillah schools at head-quarters, or the high schools which in many places have been established under privato management side by side with the zillah schools. Indeed the chief which middle schools appear to serve in Behar is not so much to promote general education as to qualify candidates for the mooktearship exainination held by the High Court. 19. The results of the examinations of candidates from middle schools, English and vernacular, for the middle scholarship certificate, wore satisfactory. In 1884-85, 7,540 candidates appeared, of whom 654 obtained the middle, Eoglish and 3,115 the middle vernacular certificates or 3,769 in all. In 1885-86, 6,656 candidates appeared, of whom 690 gained the middle English and 3,111 the middle vernacular certificates or 3,701 in all. The number of candidates was smaller by 884 than in the previous year, when, owing to the change in the date of examination, the session consisted of 17 months, but the number of successful candidates was only 68 behind. At the examination of 1885-86, pupils of middle English schools gained 569 English and 582 vernacular certificates, while those from midale vernacular schools gained 21 English and 2,529 vernacular certificates.

·( 11 ) 20. The statistics of public primary schools for native boys are given below:- Primary Education. 1885-86. 1886-87. Schools. Pupils. Sohools. Pupils. UPPER PRIMARY SCHOOLA, Under public management. Maintained by the Department Ditto by Municipal Boards 22 ... ... :: 768 201 20 0 713 175 ... 00 ... Under privato managomont. Aided by the Departmont or by Municipal Boards Unaided 200 2,013 70 96,808 2,858 2,978 78 100,771 2,678 tu Total 2,720 100,718 3,080 119,396 LOWER PRIMARY SCHOOLS. Under public managemont. Maintained by the Departmont Ditto by Municipal Bourds ... .. DO ... 8 20 121 162 189 20 ... ... ... Under privato management. Aided by the Dopartment or by Municipal Boards Uraidod ... ... BA, RS6 6,947 1,042,239 78,485 40,092 7,862 888, 116 110,451 .. ... Total 62,860 1,121,886 47,023 9,160 CRAND TOTAL 35.560 1,292,580 60,743 ... 1,00), 446 The disappearance from the returns of the Department of 14,877 schools of this class, and of 123,084 pupils, is attributed to the rigorous exclusion from the departmental examinations, and subsequently from the annual returns submitted by the local inspecting officers, of small, temporary, or backward schools, that is to say, of those which had less than ton pupils, had existed for less than six months, those which did not use printed books, and those which did not bring to the place of examination registers and returns properly kept. The rule prescribing this exclusion was proposed by the Director of Public Instruction, and approved by Governnent in the Resolution on the annual report of 18-3-84, as in accordance with the principle that the consolidation and iinprovement of existing institutions should now be the main object of local officers. It is stated that the opinion of District Officers is practically unanimous in favour of the change, and it is evident that the new rule has had the good effect of preventing the waste of public money on ephemeral institutions got up for the sake of the reward, and doing no real good. The result of the lower primary. scholarship examination, however, shows a decrease of 612 competing and 542 sucoessful schools, on which the Director observes : “ Tho peroentage is better than in the previous year; but still it must be admitted that the small schools excluded undor the new system contained many pupils who were qualifiod to pass the lower primary examination, and who have now lost the advantago of that incentive to progress which the examination supplied. This is a fact the importance of which must not be overlooked ; and tho unfavourable results of the last examination cannct, in my opinion, be explninod (as some have endeavoured to explain it) by changes in the system of examination tending to increased strictness. Wo must aocept the fact that primary education during the past year has received a check, from wbich we may novortholoss hope that it will again The advantage of concentrating effort and limiting the area of operations is undoubted with our prosent limited agency; but there is no use in disguising from ourselves the fact that in a large part of Bengal we have been compelled to part with control over good and promising educational material." 21. The importance of not diminishing the number of those who really receive primary education is apparent from the fact that, of tho boys of schoolgoing age in Bengal, little more than one-fourth aro classificd as under instruc. tion. were funds available, it would be most desirable to extend the blessings of primary education to the three-fourths of the population now allowed to grow up in ignorance, and even with the limited means now now at the disposal of Governmont, every effort should be made to prevent a falling off. It is noticed that tho loss has been greatest where it could be loust afforded: the Presidency Division has not suffered, while Behar, always backward in educational position, Teoover.

·12 ) a ; has lost the enormous number of 5,647. In this division where, as previously noticed, the rule was by mistake extended even to Sanskrit tols, the number of candidates for the lower scholarship examination declined from 13,616 to 9,429, the number of successful scholars from 6,867 to 5,263, and no, oxplanation of the falling off has been given by the Inspector. It appears, moreover, that the Muhammedans, who frequently keep up small schools as maktabs, have suffered in a special manner from the new system. The Lieutenant-Governor will ask for a special report on the working of the new rules from the Director, and until orders have been passed on it, District Magistrates, in communication with District Education Committees, may, as formerly, exercise a discretion in the matter, in places whero District Boards have not been established. 22. On the other hand it is satisfactory to be able to record considerable advance in the number and the efficiency of upper primary schools, which mark the highest point yet reached in primary education. These show an increase of 360 schools and of 12,621 pupils; and the steady increase in their number affords ground for the hope expressed two years ago that the number of schools of this class will at no distant date reach 5,000. They are gradually coming to take in outlying villages, the place formerly held by middle vernacular schools, while these latter tend more and more in all advanced places to be converted into English schools. The results of the upper primary scholarship examination were also good. Of 7,96 l candidates, 4,092 passed the examination from 1,804 schools; while in the previous year, of 6,002 candidatos, 2,953 passed from 1,223 schools. 23. For the summary account of the progress of primary education in each district which has been furnished in pravious reports, Mr. Croft has now substituted three useful tabular statements, which supply, in a convenient form, the chief facts of interest. The first of these tables shows for each district the proportion of school-boys to all boys of school-going age. In four districts, namely Howrah, Hooghly, Tipperah and Noakhally, and in Calcutta, more than 50 per cont. of the male population of school-going age are actually at school, Howrah heading the list with 58 por cont. In Cuttack, Balasore, Burdwan, Midnapore, Backergunge, 24-Pergunnahs, and Bankoora, the percentage varies from 40 to 49. In 17 districts the proportion lies between ten and fourtcen per cent., and the lowest places are occupied by Mozufferpore with and the Chittagong Hill Tracts with 3 per cent. The backward state of education in Mozufferporo, i fertile and in some respocts not a backward district, is deplorable, and calls for the carnest attention of the local authorities. Reckoned by divisions, Buriwan, Chittagong and Orissa stand on a close equality at the head of the list with 40 to 463 por cent. ; Dacca follows with 36, and the Presidency Division with 29 per cent.; lowest on the list stand Rajshahye, Chota Nagpore, Bhagulporo and Patna, with from 15 to 12 per cent. An equally interesting table is that in which districts are classified, not by the total number of their pupils, but by the number and advancement of their primary schools, under a rough system in which five marks are assigned to each upper primary school, three to a school which has reached the lower primary scholarship standard, and one to a school below that standard, —these numbers corresponding generally with the number of years in which a school reuches each standard. In this table Midnapore, Cuttack, Tipporah, Mymensingh, Backergunge, and Burdwan stand highest. The four districts-Howrah, Hooghly, Tipperah, and Noakholly-which stood at the head of the previous tuble, now occupy the 31st, 11th, 3rd, and 20th places respectively, showing that the number of pupils at school in any district affords no test of the quality of the instruction imparted. A third tablo shows the financial results of the administration of tho primary grant, which amounted to 74 lakhs in 1885-86. The average yearly cost of cach school in Bengal was Rs. 13-10, and of cach pupil 9 annas. The average is highest in Chota Nagpore, where each school cost Rs. 37-1 for the year; tho Rajshalyo and Presidoncy Divisions follow with Rs. 23-3 and Rs. 21-4 respectively. The schools The schools are worked most cheaply in Orissa, Dacca, Burdwan, and Chittagong, where the cost varies from Rs. 11-8 to Rs. 14-4 a year. The Lieutenant-Governor notices that the divisions in which the schools as a whole are cheapest are precisely those in which, according to the second table above referred to, education ·( 13 ) is the most advanced. Judged by that table, the most advanced divi. sions are Orissa, Dacca, Burdwan, and Chittagong: and it is in these divisions that the average cost of a school is lower than elsewhere, namely Rs. 12, Rs. 13, Rs. 14, and Rs. . 14 respectively. There is no doubt good reason why, in exceptionally backward parts of the country such as the Rajshahye Division and Chota Nagpore, the maintenance of schools even of an inferior type should be difficult and costly; and, on the other hand, in Orissa and Western Bengal, where for centuries the people have shown remarkable aptitude for ele. mentary education, it is probable that even good schools can be maintained with little help from tho State. Still the fact that the advancement of schools in different parts of the country should vary almost uniformly in inverse proportion to their cost is so remarkable, and may so reasonably be due to differences in the value of administrative methods, that the Lieutenant-Governor re ests that this subject may receive careful attention at the next Conference of Inspectors. The in!roduction of mere practical subjects at primary examinations was suggested by the Education Commission, and the subject has been noticed in the Resolutions on the last two reports. The Director will now be requested to report what steps have been taken (1) for carrying into effect his recommendation that mensuration should be taught with the first book of Euclid in primary schools ; (2) with regard to the suggestion made in the Resolution on tho report for 1883-44, that an easy treatise on the preservation of health should be substituted for the Sanitary Primer which was said to have proved to be too abstruse and difficult for lower primary students. 24. The number of training schools was 25, as in the previous yoar. Special Instruction and tochnical There was some increase both in the number of education, normal schools. pupils and in the number of those who gained certificates at the vernacular mastership examination. The Dacca school has done remarkably well, passing 95 out of its 102 pupils; the Rung. pore school has also advanced. The Calcutta and Hooghly schools wore successful than in the previous year. The Calcutta training school was removed in January 1886 to more spacious quarters. The English department of the Patna training school was abolished, as its cost was judged to be out of proportion to its utility. Complaints are made that the supply of certificated teachers for middle schools is unequal to the demand, and the Director reports that applications continue to be received for an increase of the stipend grant to training schools. The difficulty appears to the Lieutenant-Governor to lie not in the insufficiency of the grant, but (as pointed out in the Resolution on the report for 1884-85) in the fact that many of the certificated teachers betake themselves to other and more lucrative occupations than that of a schoolmaster. Instead of paying fees, when at school, liko other students, they receive stipends, paid with the object of inducing them to adopt a particular profession, and when they lcave school they are not bound to follow that profession. It is difficult to find any remedy for this except by improving the position of vernacular teachers in middle schools throughout the country-u change involving largely increased expenditure both on Government middle schools and in grants-in-aid. The guru training classes are doing useful work, and 181 gurus received certificates during tho year. The outturn of these classes is, howover, far below the requirements of the province; and shortly before the close of the year an arrangement was tioned for training 500 gurus annually in classes to be attached to middle schools, at an annual cost of Rs. 6,000. The scheme is being extended to all parts of Bengal. The aided training schools at Barrackpore, Krishnagar, and Ranchi, all for Native Christians, the two scliools for Sonthals at Bhimpore and Bishevpore, and the Scotch Mission school at Darjeeling, are reported to be doing useful work and to have advanced in numbers. Thore are three aided schools for mistresses, and from one of these-the Freo Church Normal school-a pupil passed at the First Arts Examination of 1886. 25. Law schools have increased from eight to ton, owing to tho opening of law classes in connexion with the Ripon and Law schools. Jagannath Colleges, The total average attendance for all schools was 947, against 765 in the prece:ling year. At the University examination 119 candidates qualified for the degree of Bachelor of Law, against 77 in the previous year. The total number of students in ·! 14 ) medicino has declined from 804 to 752. There has been a large increase in the Calcutta Medical College and the Campbell School at Sealdah, but the attendance at the Patna Medicai School has fallen from 151 to 92-a result which is ascribed to the backwardness of middle education in Behar, and the consequent difficulty of keeping up a supply of students who have passed the middle scholarship examination, The question of revising the standard of admission to the school is under consideration. From the Oalcutta Medical College, 14 candidates passed the first and 28 the final University examination ; three native dais and five pupil-nurses also received certificates of qualification in midwifery. The hostel for female students of medicine, which has been constructed from the munificent gift of Rs. 1,50,000 made by "Her Highness the Maharani Sarnamayi, is now complete and ready for occupation. The Lieutenant-Governor has ordered that girls shall be eligiblo for admission to the Medical College after passing the University, Entrance Examination; and that, on passing the college examination after a three years' course of classes and practical instruction, they shall be entitled to certificates qualifying them to practise medicine, surgory, and midwifery. A grant of Rs. 3,000 was sanctioned by the Lieutenant-Governor for furnishing the hostel, and Sir Walter deSouza contributed a sum of Rs. 2,400 for the provision of scholarships. From the modical schools at Dacca, l'atna, and Cuttack, 37, 33, and 8 students, respectively, passed the final examination qualifying thom for omployment as civil hospital assistants. 26. The Engineering College at Seebpore contained 52 and 104 students in the Engineer and Apprentice Departnients The Soobporc College. respectiveiy-a slight advance on the numbers of the previous year. Of six candidates for the University License in Engineering, threo passed. Of 13 apprentices, 12 passed the final examination and entered upon their practical course. These last have no difficulty in obtaining employment, partly owing to the excellent workshop training they receive, Of tho Engineering Department the Director has formed a less favourable opinion, and he has proposed the appointment of a Committee to enquire into the subject. This suggestion is at prese ent under consideration. The College is under the superintendence of a body of Governors whose aid might be invoked in the solution of any difficulties of working. 27. The three survey schools at Dacca, Patna, and Cuttack contained 201 students against 156 the before. year Survey schools. At the final examination, out of 72 second-year students, 61 passed and obtained certificates. These schools are uniformly popular and successful, and the passed students find good employment without difficulty. 28. The School of Art in Calcutta suffered a scrious blow in the death of Mr. Mr. H. H. Locke, wlio, during the The School of Art. many. years of his Principalship, laboured raise the institution to & high point of excellence. He was succeeded by Mr. Schaumbury, whose services promiscd to be of great value to the school, especially, in the development of industrial art; but ho also unhappily died very shortly after his appointment. The institution was then placed, pending the appointment of a Principal from England, in charge of the Assistant Principal, Signor Ghilardi. Progress is being made in the wood-carving and metal-chasing classes, to which a more practical turn bas been given. The modelling class promises woll, though the attendance is small; and a new development is likely to be given to this class in the production of a series of ethnological models of the kind that attracted so much attention in tho Colonial and Indian Exhibition held in London in 1866. The resuscitation of Indian decorative art is also being attempted, though the class is not as yet very popular. Signor Ghilardi remarks :-“If our 163 students were asked which branch of the profession they would rather cultivate, the majority of them would answer portrait-painting. A decorative painter is not held in great esteem among Indians, and is considered little better than a common mechanic. The Musulmans on this point show better judgment." From the accumulations of the grant to the Art Gallery, a large number of paintings were purchased in England at a cost of £ 787, chiefly through the instrumentality of Lord Northbrook, to whoso services and assistance the gallery has been greatly indebted ever since ita foundation. Lord Northbrook also presented the gallery with four water-colour paintings. to ·( 15 ) 29. There are eight industrial schools in Bengal, four of which receive grants from Government, and two from the Industrial schools. municipalities of Moorshedabad and Berhampore. The Maisadal technical school at Midnapore promises to become a very useful institution, and the Lieutenant-Governor has recently sanctioned a grant of Rs. 50 a month towards its support. The whole subject of technical education is receiving careful attention, and it is to be hoped that-whatever may be done with regard to the larger schemes of advanced instruction that have been proposed a beginning may at any rate be made by establishing, at all industrial contres, schools designed to make the artisans who attend them better and more skilful workmen in their particular handicrafts. The East Indian Railway has taken the lead in this matter by ostablishing, in connection with their more important workshops, schools of technical instruction for the workmen and their children. 30. The following table shows the advance Female Education. that has been made in female education during the past year:- 1894-85. 1885-80. Subowls, Pupils. Bchools. Pupils. Girls' Schools. 2 ... .. ... 186 160) 201 159 Maintained by the Department Ditto by Municipal Boards Aided by the Department or by Municipal Bonds Unaided ... ... 2,168 135 37.662 2,789 2.018 212 39,215 3.746 .. Total 2,309 40.797 2,296 43,321 ... Girls in boys' schools 35,749 34,716 ... ... ... GRAND TOTAL 2,309 76,516 2.296 78,0:37 ... Of these schools, three are high English, four middle English, 15 middle vernacular and 274 upper primary. The rest are lower primary schools, mostly aided from the primary grant, at an average cost to the State of Rs. 18 a year. The total cost of female education in Calcutta was Rs. 2,95,812, of which Government contributed Rs. 1,07,216 The Bethune School had 142 pupils in the lower, and five in the upper or collego departmont. Ono girl passed the Entranco examination from this school, and two the B. A. examination-one of them, Miss Kamini Sen, taking honours in Sanskrit. Two young ladies from other institutions, not included in the foregoing table-namely, the Doveton and the Free Church Normal School-passed the First Arts examination. From the Eden I'umale School at Dacca one candidate passed the Entrance oxamination. The third high school is the Christ Church girls' school iu Calcutta, ably managed by Miss Noclc, and chiefly intended for native converts. Most of the girls' schools in Calcutta are under missionary management, in connection with one or other of the zenana agencies. According to the report of Mrs. Whecler, the Inspectross of Schools, a very considerablo advance has been made in the clomentary education of girls. The total nuinbor that passed by her standards was 1,573, or more than double tho number of the previous year. T'ho Church of England and the American Zenana Missions were the most successful. Outside the sphere of missionary agency, there are 54 lower primary schools in Calcutta with 1,359 pupils, and 29 girls' classes attached to boys' schools with 239 pupils. These are the result of less than two years' work, under the system introduced in August 1884 for opening girls' schools and classes aided by capitation grants; the maximum grant which a teacher can earn under this system being Rs. 10 a month. The total expendituro on these schools was Rs. 2,647, of which Rs. 2,328 wero contributed by Government. 31. Outside Calcutta there has been a slight declino .n tho number of girls' schools, but a considorable incroase in that of pupiis, lu cho Burd wan ·( 16 ) Division the scholarship and prize examinations held by the Uttarpara Hitakari Sabha have been brought into close conformity with the departmental standards; and the schoolɛ of the Midnapore district, which formerly held aloof, now send candidates to these examinations. Ir the Beerbhoom district a Mahomedan girl for the first time won a scholarship offered for competition by the Sabha. In Midnapore a Sonthal girl won a prize of the value of Rs. 15. In the Presidency, Dacca, and Chittagong Divisions also the local Sabhas or unions are largely instrumental in promoting female education. In the districts of Eastern Bengal there has been a large loss of pupils, which is ascribed partly to the general levying of fees in the girls' schools. ' In Tipperah, however, thore is a large increase, due to the raising of the capitation grant for girls making satisfactory progress. In these two divisions 12 girls passed the upper and 194 the lower primary scholarship examination, the Dacca Division contributing by far the largest sharo. The Patna Division is backward in female education, the only fairly good schools being those attended by, Bengali girls. In the Bhagulpore Division three special schools for Sonthal. girls have been opened in the Bhagulpore and Sonthal Pergunnahs districts. In Orissa an exceptionally large number of girls passed the lower primary, scholarship examination. The girls' schools in this division are said to be placed on a sound and satisfactory footing. 32. Tho following table shows the number of Luropean Education. schools for Europeans in two successive years :- Number of schools. Number of scholars. CLARE. 1885. 1886. 1896. 1980. .. 94 Government Aided Unaided 1 53 15 1 61 10 ... 92 5.033 1,264 4,931 1,053 Oc . Total ... 69 62 6,389 6,098 Tho per- There is no real loss, the reduction boing due partly to the transfer of two schools to the head of charitable institutions, and partly to the non-submission of returns by a few private schools. The most important event during the year under report was the definite substitution of payment-by-results for fixed grants. The provisional scale of grants given in the draft Code of 1882 came to an end at the close of 1884-85, and a revised scale on a more definite principle was sanctioned for 1885-86. 33. At the examination for scholarships and certificates under the Code, there was a large increase in the number of candidates, especially of those for primary scholarships and certificates. At the middle examination, the candidates increased from 73 to y6; at the primary examination from 247 to 396. centage of passes fell from 48 to 45 at the middle examination, but rose from 66 to 72 at the primary: At both examinations the percentage was greater for girls than for boys. At the primary examination, two-thirds of the girls, but only one-half of the boys, were placed in the first and second division. The large increase in the number of candidates for certificates confirms the view expressed year that the popularity of the examination depends less upon the pecuniary rewards attached to it than upon the publicity given to the results by their announcement in the Calcutta Gazette. In the annual school examinations there was a slight increase in the total number of pupils presented for examination from 3,375 to 3,397. The increase was goneral in the higher standards, the loss in the lower being accounted for by the omission of threo primary schools, that were examined in the previous year. On the whole, the Lieutenant-Governor is glad to be able to record his opinion that the working of the Code has been entirely satisfactory. The following statement gives the num- Yahomedan Education. ber and percentage of Mahomedan pupils in different classes of schools :- 34.

·( 17 ) Total numbor of pupils. Number of Maho. modany. Poroentago of Maho. medade. Public institutions. ... ... ... ::: . ... ... Arts colleges High Euglish schools Middlo ditto Middlo vernacular schools Upper primary ditto Lower ditto ditto Professional colleges Technical schools Normal ditto Madrassas ... 2,998 38,105 54,378 64,762 123,243 1,019,072 1,193 1,966 1,258 1,316 110 5.820 6,632 8,457 20,548 316,259 35 487 66 3,315 4.6 95 12.1 13:06 16-6 30.9 2.9 21.7 6.2 1000 .. ... .. . ... ... .. ... ... ... ... Total 1,328,280 868,469 26.9 Private institutions. ..C .. Advanced Elementary 24,212 5,637 18,538 2.845 7605 51.3 .. ... Total ... 29,749 21,383 71.8 GRAND TOTAL ... 1,358,029 379,842 27.9 The percentage of the Mahon.edan population in the parts of Bengal which havo submitted returns is 31.5 per cent, and the proportion among those under instruction is not much less. The deficiency is in tho upper walks of education, the Mahomedans sending, for instance, to Arts Colleges less than one-sixth of the number which might have been expected. The total number of Mahomedan pupils has fallen from 420,768 to 379,842, and the percentage from 28.6 to 27.9, owing to the exclusion of small primary schools troin the returns. On the other hand, the Lieutenant-Governor notices with satisfaction that the number of Mahomedans in Arts Colleges has risen from 129 to 110, in high English schools from 5,096 to 5,520, and in middlo English schools from 6,223 to 6,632. These figures show that the appreciation of the Mahomedan community for English education is steadily growing. The results of the University examinations of 1885 and 1886 point in the samo direction. The number of Mahomedans passing the Entrance examination in 1885 was 44; in 1886 it was 51. At the First Arts examination tho numbers were 12 in 1885 and 31 in 1886; for the B. A. dogree four in 1885 and 19 in 1886; and for the M. A. degree onc in 1885 and two in 1886. To help them still further in this respect, the Lieutenant-Governor has recently sanctioned the foundation of 20 scholarships awardablo to Mahomedans on the results of the Entrauco examination, and a like number on the results of the First Arts examination. It is hoped that, with the special aid now offered, and with the assistanco liberally given by the more enlightened Mahomedans, they will be able before long to meet all other sections of the community on equal terms. 35. The central examination of Bengal madrassas was held in April 1885, when 206 candidates appeared and 120 passed. Pupils from the richly endowed madrassa at Sasseram, in the district of Shahabad, appeared for the first time at this examination, and with success. The estimated income of the Mohsin Endownient Fund during 1885-86 was Rs.59,152, the estimated expenditure Rs. 57,426, and the actual expenditure Rs. 52,351, of which Rs. 28,857 wero spent upon the maintenance of the madrassas supported from this endowmont, and the remainder chiefly upon the English oducation of Mahomedan students. 36. The total number of pupils coming under this class has declined Aboriginal and backward races. from 33,151 to 29,906, owing to the gencral causes already described. Some progress is, however, reported in the education of these races. The American Baptist Dission in Midnapore has increased the number of its “jungle schools” for Sonthal children from 52 with 1,245 pupils to 72 with 1,879 pupils. Two Sonthal boys passed the middle scholarship examination for the first time in that district. There two training schools for Sonthals in the Burdwan are ·are ( 18 ) Division-one at Bhimpore in Midnapore, the other at Bissenpore in Bankoora. In Beerbhoom also there are 18 schools for the education of .: Sonthals. In the Rajshahye Division the Bhutea Boarding School at Darjceling trains 31 pupils of the hill races to a considerable standard in English ; and the Scotch Mission schools give an elementary vernacular education to the children of coolies on the tea gardens and others. In the Chittagong Division the bulk of the aboriginal pupils are the Barua Mugs in the plains, and the Joomia Mugs and Chakmas in the Hill Tracts of Chittagong; it is for the two last-named races that the boarding schools at Rangamati and Bandarban are kept up. These pupils gained some success at the middle and upper primary scholarship examinations of the division. In the Sonthal Pergunnahs the oducation of Sopthals is carried on by the Government, the Church Mission Society and the 6 Home Mission under Messrs. Boeresen and Skrefsrud. The Government scheme for the Domin-i-Koh is working well, and more schools are needed. Both the Church Mission Society and the Home Mission have admirable schools for girls, superintended by the ladies of the Mission, T'he Chota Nagpore Division contains the largost number of aboriginal pupils. Two Kol candidates appeared at the last Entrance examinution from the Ranchi School, and one passed, gaining a junior scholarship of RH. 10 a month, which he now holds in the Burdwan Maharaja's College. This is the first instance of a pupil of aboriginal birth being successful at any University examination. Five candidates from this division passed the middle scholarship examination, 24 the upper primary, and 150 the lower primary. А part of the educational work in Chota Nagpore is in the hands of four missionary societies, namely, the Berlin Evangelical, the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, the Free Church of Scotland, und St. Xavicr's, nearly all all of which extending their operations. In the Orissa Tributary Mchals, the spocial schools for the education of aborigines are the Sonthal schools in Mourbhunj, the Bhuyan schools in Keonjhur, and the cess schools in thie Khondınals. There has been some loss of pupils in the Sonthal schools, attributed to ir panic created by the untimely death of the Sonthal inspecting pundit, and of a promising Sonthl boy who had passed the minor scholarship examination. Mr. Metcalfe, the Superintendent of the Mohals, remarks: The Sonthal inspecting pundit was a young man who had shown great zoal in the caus: of Sonthal education, and his death was looked upon as a mark of disploasure of the offended gods." Incidents of this kind show how imperious is the necessity of extending education among a people who are governed by such influences. 37. The total number of indigenous schools the returns fell from 2,512 to 2,234, but the number of their Indigenous Education. pupils incroased froin 27,339 29,719. The maktabs and madrassas increased from 940 to 1,302, chiefly in Eastern Bongal. It is stated that the maktabs in Chota Nagpore and in Behar are gradually losing their importanco from a socular point of view, owing to tho adoption of Hindi as the court languago, and that llindus do not now use these schools as they formerly did for tho acquisition of Persian. Tho number of tols in Bengal docreased from 1,088 to 577, owing to the unauthorised "cxclasion of tols with less than ten pupils in the Patna Division. "Tols all over the country,” tho Director remarks,“ arc generally attended by but few pupils, owing to the fact that the purdit has, in conformity with immemorial tradition, to maintaiu as well as to teach his scholars. The average number of pupils in a tol is iu fact only eight or nine, and in a return of tho indigenous agencies of instruction it is necessary to show all that exist.” In any future scheme that may be dovised for the improvement and encouragement of the tols, it is probable that such encouragement will take the form of rewards to those pundits wliose pupils pass a central examination. The pundits will be left to teach after their own methods, without compulsion of any kind from the inspecting officers of the Departinent; and in this point of view it is indifferent how many pupils a tol has. The Sanskrit title examination was held in April 1885, at which 106 candidates presented themselves and 36 passed-15 in literaturo, 18 in law, and 3 in philosoplıy. A second examination was held under the revised rules in February 1886, at which the number of candidates fell to 58 ܐܐ0 to ·- ( 19 ) in consequence of the difficulty of the new standard. Of those who presented themselves, 36 again passed-28 in literature, 5 in law, and 3 in philosophy: The question of establishing a lowor and preliminary standard of oxamination, in order to suit the tols, such as those of Behar, which are less advanced, is now under consideration. The Dacca Sarasvet Samaj held an examination in 1886, at which 233 candidates appeared from 59 tols. Tlie standard appears to be much lower than that of the Sanskrit title examination, and the introduction of the proposed preliminary test would probably meet the requirements of the tols in Eastern Bengal. 38. The thanks of the Lieutenant-Governor are given to Mr. Tawney for his careful administration of the department throughout the year, and to Mr. Croft for his able report. By order of the Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal, P. NOLIN, ofg. Secretury to the Govt. of Bengal. No. 74. Copy forwarded to the Director of Public Instruction for information and guidance, with special reference to paragraphs 1, 6, 16 and 23. Circular No. 4. Copy forwarded to all Commissioners of Divisions for information, and for communication to Magistrates of districts. By order of the Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal, W. C. MACPHERSON, Under-Secretary to the Govt. of Bengal. CALCUTTA, The 5th February 1887 E, G. & utberson Rog, No. 14520C-800 - 7-2-5

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