·No text on this page.

·THE SCIENTIFIC PAPER
How to Prepare It
How to Inte It
ОЛИГ"
POWERKEY 20

·No text on this page.

·THE
SCIENTIFIC PAPER
How to Prepare It
How to Write It
Authoot to TUDOTI LD XOANA WOD
D ALL B C D
BT
SAN F TRELEASE
Caterka Uwarthy
xD
TANT
RISEAF
1712-6-STU
INI BOLD
3H 2-DC
LTDYO
THE WILLIAMS & WILKINS COSTANY
1947

·No text on this page.

·PRET ACE The total le blesded to meet the practical Deeds of Audents and reneb roten who are prepum popero on leotific or technical objects. The stockat bo confronted with the antwoos tuk of "mthog up bbs ders find the book may katon that bould pot only fictates his rot, but she him to present bis material bo more effectito ay Writing in an meatbal part of the Kinta' prolondon. The foal ud momo respects tho most important sup In my scientific bateration be the preparation of the rorotta for palleation After a rientifie or technical Toket hus doce pod piece of research ack, le could prekent # to his codegos to the best pour le forme Fulhere to do as may bo soted in many cases, may harpely discount the rulon of the work Hell The are tectuala pecialist tends to think that the work dooo when the trend project u mich be folebed, and 10 mard the publiation in oprocentory mi and a DIDOC As Charles Darco agreed the "A naturalt's life would be a buppy one it be bad aply to obetro and Deer to witte Fev propter to tast to to witte. Catainly for Aro Able to write toly pod those who can it down sod dub of good mentit paper to Alex bours ud bored The time factors bar mano kaportant than the becuper des ficely to realie Blost condotta for the doctors to shookt derute aleat three months to the writing olderlato rmmos to the wel leogth dabout forty typentiten pages. The relentit i fodged molely by the quality of his final procrt no one w be hon for peading may boon to bo mot nant ·1 YADACE uod carrying it through several movisions to make it u Dearly perfect as possible Unless romarch Forkers art willmog to leam to write effectively each scientific or technical institution may need to have on its staff som.come whooo duty it o to odit and, ii scoctedry ghost wnto publications on wort dono in the instatation FeTy scentists honorer would welcome such a prostdure It may be true that the average technical pocialist is un milling or unable to write properly But the doct not apply to leaders in cience If the studont will survey tho hktory of scroco, be enodot lai to note a high degrco of oorrelation between ability in writing and achstupan mont m Aciendo. Proficiency in wrtmgmlike skill ia laboratory manip ulation mean be gained through study and practice This should Dot be too difficult for tho sexo co student on.co he realizes that with practice and constant effort torrard improvement bo can achvort wilcoce. Every stodont wbo proporme for mork in sciento should realiw as carly as poeible that such trainmg in B highly important part of his education In recording the results of laboratory experiments the student has abundant opportunity for acquring the skill lo Moud lear to write as accurately clearly and comescly no poduble. To make raped moprortment, ho should apply the knowledge bo has emed in the study of Englab composition and should frequently conpult a handbook that deals specifically wtb sexentific anting The benofit danved from this work will be increacd if cach report Es carefully revised before it is submutted in its froal form No single factor i moro important than daily practice Translating from a foreign Language and reading good boolas Howly are also helpfu} ·Serenal meeting of the departmental remtos for and mto rodents molt profitably be devoted to a direction d the preparation doentific resolus for pubication Esch bomber the groap could report ca pleure of the abest to which br ty especially interested or competent To emphaare the ponta disced, the reports should be Wurtnud 7th crumplen of good and a poor work lected from the current literature of the relance Tech Diques tored to preparing apoy daartog, uod photo maple could be deinstrated by member of the group ar by other person who have acquired in there arte Video to a potating plant no apbotoengraserh shop, whilda tay be utogod for a wall party in deaty coy oty would are the troop funct-band mformtion on the final repo me the production d pointed matter The prontot guide to the preparation and wine a cientuc papers bould be a conreplent ad to studenta od otben empred m mente mort. The mano la the result of process of development and adaptation. Sme of the rangertices and directions that I captalos PETT oncally prepared to ad Rodents in time there at the College of Agriculture of the Cofronity of the Pullippines After the prestlos bad born terted in mabeographed forne, they were fint published as a pam phlet that mu wdopted us the godde for College pubia. tinm ad mu dua ruppluntary textbook on the Endlab coarne. The earlier text, publbed coder the uile Preparato Sentite and Timcol Papot hou been thoroustily rutined tod largely remetton. It is boped that the bardosok, in det formu, may continue to be of rice to students to college od talantia Albost, to the main, the directions given by tbla mamal ure for the preparation du tbeske, a diserts. thos they apply ale to the itthony of other types of ·wilt PRAACE papers in sence, agriculture, engineering, and modicide, and to the preparing of meduscripts of a moro popular nature on Bolentifio of technical subjects Many of the rules given to this book aro based upon Tocognized Authorities, listed in the bibliography at the end of the volume Experience in reading students' man Uscripta and Journal copy has been the gardo in selecting the rules and in making the suggestions. Some of the directions are given to bocure uniformity Two of boro ways may bo approved by umge, but it is convenient to adopt one form No attempt has been modo to inclado rulan ol grammar and rhetoric though a fow are mentioned 28 romiadero. These subjects and treated in so many handbooles and textboola of English compoodtion that thou mduston beto would be aupertuous It us taken for motod that the student will bavo on his deak & good handbook of compa outron (Woolley, Bcott, and Bordahl's College Handbook of Composition of Greover and Jones & The Century Handbook of Writing) a dictionary of synonyms (Soule's Dicionary of Engluch Synonym, Ivebuler's Dichonory of Synonyms of Ropet Theatruu), and an authoritativo dio tronary (o largo abridgment at least of Webder's New International Didionary) A copy of the Congre Orford Diatonary is also belpful becando it gives many comples of tbo correct use of words and phrases Lo general, the eylo herein gested conforms to that of tho Waverly Prea, a printing house that bas dertloped a high standard u Kintific and technical publications I am debtod to Profesor Ronald A. Fisher and Micosts Oliver & Boyd Limitod Edinburgh for patuksion to reprint tablo IV from their book Stahsial Arethods for Research TV orbert

·M
Yule ble utgations and belp bart 106 Lrom
Ele Brockman, Prol. Frederkt E Corton Dr F E.
Denny Dr Gordon & Fukobar Amy L. Hepburn,
Prof Duta E Liringatan, Sally MacDonald, alr
John W BI Futape Prol.
EB. Ltde Prol Fro
on JR, G Margaret C. Sbields and Dr Norrbo
Thooter Special thaobs are too Helena SL Trelos
lor era od belp durlop the fordion of the book.
Ano York,

·No text on this page.

·CONTENTS T - Prden Critala for cbook arounch protina Flest treba trotingetide data Outled identite pepet Hilor the paper Gapronoom a object matter ad arricco Otral Title Introduction Duxo o ruolta Abetract or remary Local proiectator o Wau Min the paper latenuti Cu of tona Panctonton Rrrmon of the cipe Prepanuon of the typewrlton copy Carructing the typruritten copy Erudulm the leagth of the pelated article Endo al type mod ibeir ndicatlon la the namascript. Capital laro 11 15 -*No:17 ARARAH & 0988*8BRI86688 طلع Latiabuty d patarbee al moment Abbreviation dolu welcht sod perre Vents of plant and salmal TEL. Toouota Crd the Libry i teret pe poss Ladete od benche tools Littar duethoo Flott portbad Beco Datbed Abortulation perihal poblication Abrukt ad quotation Atlanta trupin ton ultimele contrata 91

·COITZATS
Heading In the tort of paper
Dmtntion
Correct proportions
Drawing
Drering from photographer
Grapbs
Photopopban
Laptor Il.de
Preparation of Hortation copy
Shipping illustrations
Prepabllaation review od tohuion.
Proofreading
Bibliography
Indor
101
100
103
100
110
11
124
117
135
13
257
145

·CRITERIA FOR CHOOSING A RESEARCH PROBLEON Lo cook 2 Itearch problem, special koorledge of particolur Geld odenca la hithepeonable The pelee tlon of prohibero requires mody thought and plantare publed by the reactoataon, onctuality and critical fodgment at the catamend of the latestigates Many dictats find # belpral to accumulate a bat, the form of aard odes, o promene terech problems trots which selection may be made. It adnuntap.com to make prelomary analyps of each abject, mdicatione bretty the object, scope openal plan of borosabon, and probable nature of the cults that mieht be obtained The artera diren below should be theful to emulatthe merch and thought during the preintay RUITey of poco recerche probletra b a typernocta) plan of ODCH. Altbooth the enter's and purposely stated m the form of burel roes It be understood that they are to be reputed merely us hints or Reloos which, toucha belpla in many aut, are obmonly rot untrer wally applicable I The problems abould dal, multy bo quantitative my with the relations better mitnl pbeoome a mort probally with the alcoodidrops that coctro otromblo lectus at tregte 2 It shootd be erruptcribed, definite od specific, bet abonti preferably load lax bato the literaturo. 2. It should be capable of rutement in the form of went bypotheses, ench d which may be tarted to order It bold be capable of experimental treatment with Dr Berla E. Literice has belped to the properation o whic ·3 TEL. BATTITO PAPAR the knowledgo and facilities available and it should glid promo of yieldmg definito results within the allotted timo 5 It should have as its primary objeot the obtainmg of new mformation for B sponfio field, proferably one pomering Importance to the science as a wholo 8 It should giro prambe of lesdog to other lateresting and important problems, and propare the investigator for hapding them. 7 It may tost some proposton about which there a differonco of opioion or ono that has sourod accoptance upon logically sufficient grous 8 It should preferably deal with some rolatively litto known prmaple, rather than with opo that better knows and more thoroughly analyzed 9 It may well treat bomo phase of tho subject that has bcon relatively seglected. 10 It should deal with materials well adapted to tho propood experimentation proforenco perhaps being giron to thooo widely known or sconomically important FIRST STEPS IN TREATING SCIENTIFIC DATA 1 Tabla. Chcch all calculations and put otpartmental data in the form of tables. (Sco soction on "Tables" pago 58.) Make all calculations twice, preferably on dif ferent day and, if practicable by dlarcat methods The peond calculation should bo mado mthout rofcronec to the first, and on s nok page in your potobook. Nota on oboerational and descriptno mark should be arranged and dasafiad 2. Grapho Pot your data TOTCT posible. (bco section on 'Graphs page 111) La most experiments ·3 E POIDDIC wa Gror tog, pripta furnish the best means a longing out it O bag data, o boald be prepared to all ha bicrpretation to f they are not to be published 1 Cordou Esboe the this papbe end das ribed Dota la cooctanos und relaticor det fourrell, "What are the posible about of the facts If Keteral amplonstros rem equally probable do not emplus agere Conder al bgaalpombolitio Vale miten Dotos of tentatore contacte II time bani able raty gout coochurbace by patborot more data of by makit pptrol test experientr confirm your coa depona i powl by endeace fron pources that aro elody delerent la dacter Estimate the probable steuney of your roots by contdarine the source of Coocasions (rom your recolta most be bud opod I arefti eoenderation a then keturus and alsoner I to bar toon date, we staththaal methods to osts toate the probabile montanee. See action on The baby od Siniseance of Westrements," pupe 16.) 4 Busion of condanom. Refer spain to your data to me whether your tentathe conclusions at actually Sed Decoret ka shleh are there cooculops spply od o hich, I any they do not Hodify przy the rumeut ol your condations, ret whether they AT cobre rith subliebed beta or petocipia per ubing to the object 5 Esortime Exetaboe the data for exception for proc, darpacco ad calm Record the (Interp, we det tbets on some of the mort muportant treatise dixcotenebant tralted from appu et coepera ad aborttito in data. Fornble pour le plastics for the crepben Etudy your socleos uz to me bor the creeption Dodify them ·4 TE BCTANTINIC PAPER 8 Intent notes It u advisable to record on paper all the ideas that occur to you The bocbanual prooch of preparmg a paper b a matter of macro detal object to oudlees variation. Bome mitero 11.o to me a standard olw of cards (6 by 8 wcha) for all prolímmary work on a papor The cards may be filed in a bor, under appropri ate beadings Only one toplo 18 put on a card, and this topio is expanded later to make a paragraph. The metbod allows topics to be added elminatod, and rearranged whenover necropary Otbet writers prefer to use sheets of paper of standard sise (} by Il mches), putting only one toplo on a sheet and ilmg the sheet mo folders, largo ovelopes, or loosoleal notebooks (Onguna obertations and measurements are usually recorded ma notebook with permanent pages A copy should be put in a lo place as XXI as possible ) OUTLINE OF A SCIENTIFIC PAPER 1 Nature of selfie writing A paper on a micatio or technical abjot necorerly consists of (o) a report of facts, () an interpretation of facts, or (c) A combination of a report And ad mterpretation. The mothod of wtong s governed by many conditions, including the nature of the subject, tho purpose of tho article the characteristics of the writer, and the Interests of the probabbo reodoro Obviously, no et method or arrangement will be ruited to all kinds of papers It bon portant that the plan of the composition bo made tory clear to the reader The main topios aod ther pubdivisions should be plamly indicated In this Tapeet scientific tmg defort from literary coropose tion. A scientific paper is mtended to be studied and ured as a reference its not meant to be read Klopce, ·TO ITC Pin Eiterary detea should be abortiosted 1 they startero Tith dearenThe posa soodd be riferident through out the coopochthon 2 Goncal din The outline prea below repete force that ons bered for a wide ranety of Kentuc Paper Ax tumtortion of the papers published in ci ertificate will bow that the majority of the hare thw praerul artinpabeat and moont of topkr. Thom form of oathor be guttalte for most dentific paper that report tort plan or experiments and poween the walitional antage of bring latar to the reader The outline should be modified rutinently to adapt it to the special requirements of the artice that is to be mantea Gericolour of the paper TIILI The title should const preferably of lem word dicktime of the content that are mort cro photoard Crest care must be overcomed to stoploy morda that contam the elements both of bretty ad comprebestreden and percort o curs and meetrite modesta Arutt The bench bad condensation of the rule peper 1 fatroduction 1. Nature of the problem toate at the beginning of the intestigation 8. Porpore scope sad wethod of the mettiauto C MoreSesat orteame of the battle to Rate of the problem at the cod of the boroti gauna IL Icons and achrode A Describe the equiparent and masterali come Plond B. Entestine of the may n wuch the work was ·6 THIS SCELITTO IC PLPER done (Gipo mfficient detal to enable a compa tent worty to popost your experiments. Em plans to features that are DOW) III. Experiments and regulla A Description of the experiments B Descmption of the role. (If powiblo, these should bo shown in tables and grapho.) IV Ducustion, of results A Main prmciples catersal relations or generalisations that aro akorn by the results. (Choose ono or several main conclusions which your evidence tends to provo) B Evidenco (as shown by the data for each of the main conclusions. C. Exceptions and opposing theories and explana tlont of these D Comparison of your results and interpretation with thoso of other workers Cralno of a paper that mowder cameral triou of espoinarli which 4 u odeanlageout to present wporately TIL ABOTRACT I General introduction 11 Goveral materials and methoda. III. Descripture tils of first kr of experimenti. A Latrochuction. B Materials and methods, C. Experiments and results. D Discuion of results. IV Dancnpime title of second me of crperiments A. Introduction, B Materials and thethods ·7 To ACIDITIO PUD. C Experimenta od reelta D Disculo rotte V Daripiire nie of Hund mad porno A Iotrochution. B. Lateral and methode C. Experiments and roula D Derin dolts. 11. General duni non Outone of a nagtrening report TITLE ASTEACT Condensed account of object of work, ppfiant molts teneral conclusions, and specfic retomtoeodations L Introduction Definition of problem, obfect of in- Totulon IL. Apponate and malenala UI Ucard. Procedure and process. Il Rent Tabulations, maple, and description. Dreumen of renula. Explanation and Bacon of retalte together with endence down by data. VI Ippendunt. Calculations, technical data. WRITING THE PAPER 1 Hectoncel process. There probably go best way to prepare woentific paper pretpt u may bo determined by the lodindul utter and the distintanca. 17th Do Dos at all, co mopht be able to Hart writing an rude which, abort or beg, ronld be pically firubed Herery rage o coe mleht vunkte tho lucts to Pest ma olettate and the compres the paper to the required Imit. Its the cod product that counts, not the latermediate step ·6 THE RELALI PRODLO in order to bring together those on a particular subject. The most commonly used daglfications are the Droo decimal system and the Library of Congreu system The Dewey decimal system is a numerical arrangement whereby a number an be expanded by means of a decimal For example General Saence is dalgrated by the number 500 Chemistry by 540 and Organic Chemistry by 547 Further dimusions make use of decimal, as 5471 547.2 CLC Theoreually there are Infinite possibilities for a pansion Under the class number 2 sends of letters and number is added, called the Cutter number that stands for the author If the author w Smith you will find Sm 3 ar Sm 55 These numbers are decimal. Sm 351 would suand after $ 55 but before Sm 56 A book on organic chemistry might have the number 547 11 Sm 55 The Library of Congress system classified by the use of letters and numbers The letters Indlate the class, and the numbens subdivide it. For example the letter stands for Science QC for Phyna and QC 391 for Photometry The Library of Congress system is preferred by sence librarios to the Dewey decimal system and is gradually repladng it in such libraries Each of these Khemas brings together on the shelves the publiations that are related in subject matter The research worker who has access to the shelves thould familiarize himself with the umngement of the books and periodicals. This will enable him to locate many publications quickly and to discover some books that he might otherwise miss When requesting a book, it is essential that the call number-usually appearing in the upper left hand corner ·7 DO THE DU of the aplogue cond-be copied In All Sonetimo in F or Q appton as a part of the all number u 517 593 2 D15 H 18 F Thexe letters locaute a follo o quarto volume that may be sbered apart from the rolures al llar de Same to a rolume number is died. 5906 Un 33 This means that the reference b to a certain rohume of a rozber. The all slip bould modade the rolume number and also the unle of the series, which only appean, underlined la red ink, in the center of the catalogue card 3 Subject Headings Ibe subject cards in the ata- Logue ure pomurlly useful for finding textbooks and monographs. The mbjects that appear on there cards (tually to red) ore releaed by specializu. Unfortomarels the may dita from those used in the abstract aod Index yourpak Storcond they are often obsolescent became the Wrary is unable to keep abrein of the rapid danger in terminology that occur in some belok Blott American Libraries tote beadings relected by the Library of Congres, but some modify the end others doose their oro.. + Reference Tots Serenal grond relentance works popplement the and catalogue Ghid mootho, be ause of the gre of Library of Coogus atalogue and be moc libraries in the Catalog of Books Reprecated by Library of Congra Prated Cards leued to July 31 1912 with to mopplement to Decembes 31 1917 Tous la mo uued by the Library of Congres Author Catalog, 1948 ·8 THE RELARCH 2mn 1932 and the Library of Congres Subject Catalog, 1950m 1952 In 1953 the aulas here changed to Library of Con gyes Catolog, Books Author and Library of Congress Catalog Books Subjects In July 196 the recon Books Authors was changed in due to National Union Catalog. a Cumulatax Author Lut which includes aus reported by American Libraries. The Library of Congress Catalog, Books Subjects canunues to be published. The Library of Congress began the publicatson in 1954 of New Serial Titles e Union Lut of Sena's Commenang Publication after December 31 1949 This serves 21 a supplement to the Union Lit of Serials in Libraries of the United States and Canada. The British Afuseum, Catalogue of Printed Doods is a comprehensive seria covering matenal through 1899. A revised edition with the use General Calalogue of Printed Books will begin publication in 1958. Thh will cover all materials to the end of 1955 in all acept the Oriental language Equally important is the catalogue of the Bibliothèque Nauonalc id Park, which has been completed through Tendil. A wcful feature is the listing of Utles under an authors name, showing in what volume or editon a work may be found. The current record of books published in the United Stata s the Cumulative Book Inder with ru predecessos U S Catalog Boots in Print 1928 It is arranged by author nod rabject and has monthly quarterly semolan Qual annual biennial, and quinquennial cumplatbons. An excellent complement is Books in Print which is the index to the Publukets Trade Lul Anaxel an unniza cumulation of the catalogues of the major Amenan publbher. The Engluh equivalent bs II hilader's Cumu larroe Book Lut sued quarterly with annual and quad. tennial cumulations ·9 1.DC TE LIST The Brluh National Bibliography started in 1950 lsts Weekly In Dewey dadhed onder and author order De Britih books. There are monthly indexo und qmar valy and imml cambrion. This bibliography is an fodbpensable source of reforma to British publlations There are also madomal bibliographla for many other countries An erantial referent courer of the art literature to the Royal Society of London Catalogue of Scientific Papers 1800-1900 in nineteen rolumes. It forms an author Indes o articles that were poblbhed in scenafic periodiak, especally thoxe o zademies and learned nocletker Only three subject todete bare been poblibed-purt mathematia, mechanics, and physia Information conconing reference miabal, biblior npbbies, dictionaries, encyclopedian, eta b foud, & ranged by subjects, in the Guide to Romance Books by Constance I Wischell, published ta 1951 Supplement CONET new relance material through 1935 od further Popplements are planned. An excellent complement b Science Reference Notes, published quarterly by the Columbla Ustrerity Liburla 5 Adds to the paperAmong the mort helpful General garden in the preparation of mumcripts ve A Bloul of Style by the Unhersity of Chiapo Pren, Ivords mto Type by Skilllo od Gay and the US Government Prloung Office Style Verrel Menly cray bnad of port and opplevdence abo bas at least 000 sylebook giving iu ora rala for publlationAn ample to the US. Geological Sunc. Suggestions to Authors Eada journal bus special rules for styk, which we publbbed to the Journal or may be obtated from the 6 Adlated Librork The libraries of the various idstitutions in a large dty bumally cooperate. Thus the 11- ·8 THE DEARCH PLODLDA 1952 and the Library of Congres Subject Catalog 1930 1952 In 1953 the titles were changed to Library of Com gress Catalog Books Authors and Library of Congress Catalog, Books Subjects In July 1956, the section Books Authors was changed in due to National Union Catalog a Cumulatre Author Lust which includas uula reported by America libraries. The Library of Congress Calalog, Books Subjects condaues to be publuhed. The Library of Congress began the publicanon in 1954 of New Senzal Titles a Union List of Serials Commenang Publication after December I 1949 This retra as a supplement to the Union Lut of Senau in Librenes of tke United States and Canada. The British Museum Catalogue of Printed Books B a comprehensive series corenog material through 1899 A revbed edition with the tide General Catalogue of Printed Books will begia publication in 1958. This will corer all materials to the end of 1955 in all except the Oriental Language. Equally important is the catalogue of the Bibliothèque Nauonale in Parts, which has been completed through Tendul. A useful feature is the lating of uta under an authors name, showing in ubat volume or cdicron a work may be found The current record of books published in the United Suta u the Cumulative Book Index with its predecesor U S. Catalog Books in Print 1928 1 is arranged by author and subject and has monthly quarterly semian nual annual, buennial, and quinquennial cumulations An excellent complemeat u Books in Print which s die index to the Publishers Trade Lut Annual an annual cumulacion of the analogues of the major America publubert The English equinient u IPhilater's Cumu Lative Book Lut inued quarterly with annual and quad rennial cumulations.

·9 VIDEO The LART The Anlah National Biblography started to 1950 Usts weekly in Deney douified anda und zu hot order new British books. There are monthly indexos and quar terly and innul cumulations. This bibliography to in Independable source of reference to British publication That ie ako natoml bibliographies for many other countria. An Cucoual relorence source of the early literature is ibe Rogel Society of London Catalogue of Sortie Papers, 1800-1900 lo nlpetten rolomer. It forms en nothor Index of artides that were publbhed In kentific pernodlah, apocally thore of academies and learned sockerber Only three mbject todasa bare been pob- Tabed-pore mathemabol niechanio, and phyta. Inlormation concerning relacce matabl bibliog raphies dictionaria, encyclopedias etc. b found, u ranged by subjects in the Grade to Reference Books by Constance Il Wochel, published in 1951. Supplement COTCT new reledence material through 1955 and further supplement are planned an excellent complement la Science Reference notes, publlohed quarterly by the Colombla Vatrenity Libraria 5 Alds to Triting Popete Among the more belpful factal guide to the propertion of manuscripa med donual of Style by the University of Chiago Pram, Tords muo Type by Sullin and Gay and the U S. Gotamment Priming Obce Style Manuel Nearly every branch of pure and applied science also bos at least one stylebook girlog iu no rules for publication is exemple in the US Geological Sung Sopgestions to authors Esch Journal by spedal tubes for Hitle, which are published in the formal or may be obuined from the editor 6. Alated Livraries. The librules of the rulour for mitations to a large city wally cooperate. Thus the 11 ·10 THE SEARCH PROLE bruna of the New York Botanical Garden and the Amenaan Museum of Natural History are affiliated with the Columbia University Libraria. Spedal librand have become so numerous that, in order to help their user, they work closely together The reference departament of each Ubrary gives information regarding the use of the other libraries, including the hours that they are open. The Library of Congress maintains the National Union Catalog which records the location of scholarly books and persodicals throughout the United States. There art also i Bumber of regional union catalogues, mach as that of the Philadelphia area 7 Interlibrary Loans A library that does not por # 2 cernin publicadon may be able to borrow it from another lurary under a system termed interhbrary lour The research worker should ute adrantage of this valu able termice. In making his request, he should present a complete and accurate alation, and also give it source But owing to the great demand for such loan, it is often mpouible to obtain the needed material except lo the form of a photographic copy decribed in the section that follow 8 Photographic Serokes. Reproductions of raic, un wual, or physically deteriorated books, as well as of jour ml utda, may be secured from most librana u micro films or as Photostat copies A micolo, wally 35 mit, may be obtained for a nominal eum. Photostat copies, which are urually the same size u the printed page {bot may be larger or mallet) ut much more expensire than miaolm. The disadrutage of the microfilm (unless apensive, calarged proo are obtained) is that it must be used in a reading machine of good quality Jolorms. toa repuding the arzilability of each a machine in your ·il CU, TO THE LULTURE library pry determine waher you wish to obtain a mot crofilm ac 1 Photostat copy das Collection. The ur of maps bandal to many type of read. It to important to learn the lock von of the nearest map collection, the arts and mubjects corered, and be rales guterning in the Map ut omally Heted to a special aulogue Volon gazetteen and Lo ste ho mallable GUIDES TO THE LITERATURE Belart making a final selection of a reach problem. en ln chia tot needs to learn war ocha worlor hire donc la bh parkobar feld Aquisition of a broad back Fround Inowledge of the field will greatly inawx bls cance of malfoy good cofce. After having mode 1 tentaure election, be must male a detailed march of the llenatore to beure bluself that his proposed wody bar Daryl abready been made and published I Textbooks and Monographs In approaching in on milur pobrest, the research worker should beylo with * gtatral source of informatiog, rich o textbook. Toby will quickly gire blm a broad rhew of the sabjot in its relation to the rest of the field, and will provide bira with ummary of current fact ud theory in the field. Next, the itsearch woctor will do well to consult the most recent Dopograph that iodade the abject of his pedal to UTUL A monograph prorldos a longa and more sbordogh creatment than coquained in the textbook und Indlata phases of the rubled that need further bare tigation 2 La Jones Altor obtaining i general view of the rabject from tea book and a monograph Abe to To Irade L OLEO Un locate Terboot taler Xora, podatke prepake alotan ·12 THL KARCH ZOBLAN vestigator is prepared for understanding and evaluating the more dealled treatment of the subject is an artide in a reored joumal This rummanzes knowledge in a particular segment of the field, uually from the beginning of work on that mbject to the date of publication. It is Heative, touchlog on the major research in the field and docuing it as fully a possible. The review fournal is ccellent for rapidly marveying a hegtent of a larger held 3 Recent Advances Series Annual Reviews and Year books Newer material, not covered in the review journal, Ls zrailable in current volume of the recent advances feties and the annual reviews or yearbooks Together with the review journals, these give the research worker a wellorganised general fund of information in his feld, and a selective bibliography They tell him what u currently being donc in bis research area, and what the reviewen consider to be important The recent advances series summarizes the progress that has been made in parucular fields during a period of several yean, since the publiauon of the preceding vol ume. It usually covers thorter period of time than the revier journal and thus can go into greater detail The annual revicor and yearbooks give cal reviem of the literature publuhed on a panicular rubjea during the preceding year or in cases of leacuve phases, during several ytan They have chapters or articles by authorities in varioua fields and point so important research paper.. lo wing there publicuon it u best to begin with the most recent volume and then work back through at least five volutoa. Abstract Journals and Index Journals. For newer publications and comprebeasive coverage, the abstract journal and the indes formal must be used The articles in the various type of revieny penzodials may have mind ·IS COD TO THE LATT or neglected some important pape The Investigator who ponds to make a comprehensive and detailed word of the Iterature most rely diely on the abstra journal and the toda fourmal. The abstract sunt the methods toed in coodmlons reached by the writer of acto trdindol tick. It wally give the research worlar Douche Information to emble hum to deade weber or DOC be deeds to read the original article. But since ab Aracs may not be printed and exto estreta modibs after the artides bare been pabibbed, the more recent anda should be located by cosuldog on indo fownal Hooc aralable. This ghres a prop mod comprehensive Louing of more of the articles on each fubject. 3 Carreme Lecture larg recent publatons, which hart Doc been incaded la abstrad iod bades fournalı tout be found by ourning the content periodicab and books in the Horary & Original articles. It s important for the workers to mine all the original papers that be suspects may contam material pertrooni to bo research. Abstracts may not foducate the full content of the papers, mod they # well - Dok reviem, bare the disadrantire o pot procating Endote on the form of table and blustration Finally of course, the mosta must stody atdally to thetr origl el complete Lori, all the papers that bear direaly upon hus om iekaid problem 7 Laos Guide to the Literature. The list giren be how although by no meam complete, cotalos many of the mot mdal Utentut marco to mimba oricotbc und wohnlal feld. The librarian anire noluble belp la beating there ud otha gulde to the literature Medine od day Lara, Lidl - holt torty a Wine ·THE BEARD MODLO resugata w prepared for understanding and evaluating the more detailed treatment of the subjea in ab aruche in a revied journal This summariza knowledge la a particular segment of the field, usually from the begroning of work on that subject to the darc of publication It is «clective, touching on the major research in the field and dicuning is a fully u possible. The review Journal és cxcellent for rapidly surveyłag a ragment of a larger field. 3 Recent Advances Series, Asmal Revieart and Year books Nemer material not covered in the revier journal, tavallable in current volums of the recent advances seria and the Groual remetus or gearbooks Together with the review journals, these give the research worker a mell organized general fund of informauon in his field and x selective bibliography They tell him what is currendy being done in his research area, and what the reviewers conndes to be important The recent advances send monize the progres that has been made in particular field, during a period of several year, since the publication of the preceding rol ume It wually coveri a sbore period of time than the ITVICH Journal and thus can go into greater decal The annual rouretos and yearbook give arucal reriemy of the literature published on a particular subject dunng che preceding year or in case of las active phasa, during several year. They have chapiens or articles by authorities fn various fields, and point to important research paper. la uing those publlations, it is best to begin with the most recent volume and then tork back through at least Gye yolama. Abstract Journals and Index Journel For neuer publications and comprehensive coverage the abstract journal and the under journal mot be used. The anides in the rarious types of review periodicals may have saissed ·13 CLID TO THE LATU ar beykertod poc important pepas The inregator who Deeds to make 1 cocapucherate and detailed ranch of the literature mine rely tilefly on the abstract Jourmland the inde journal The abstra scomparires the methods toed od conclusions reached by the mita of each in dirkdal rack. It useally gres the rearch worker moob Laformation to enable him to deode whether or Dot be Deeds to read the original unide. But since ab Fracts may not be printed mil mx to eighteen months after the uruda bare been published, be pore recent ando should be located by consolting minda journal Hooc in available. This stro a prompt and comprebensint Platboy of most of the india on cada mbject. 3 Cm Limahere lors recent publiabon, which bare pot beta indaded in abiria and indos journals Rust be foued by examining the current periodicals and books in the library 6. Original article. It is important for the worlar to eumfor all the original papers that be espero may con tain terbad pertinent to be research. Abgtracts may DOC iodicate the full content of the papers, and they u wel morni, hare the diadramtage of not presenting oidence in the lorm of tables and mustdoos. Finally olux, the worker must stody aitically to their orip mail. complete form, alebt papers oss bear directly upoo his own textarch problert 7 Ligj Guides to the limite' The lis piren be bow alıboogh by no means complete, contains many othe most tal laenut loutoos ta 1 number of dentific and orchnical felde The librarba cangire ralnable bep to loating these ed other faldo to the liesittert mopered by the model de Lirates botol Testos Latvia Who ·THE ROALCHE FRU SCIENCE IN GENERAL Reference Soko. Encycloped Anerken Encyclopaedia Adamla. Flexlog TP Gaxt to the Lature Wooc lor Ure bas Cound an der Wisecure tid ed. 1937 Hawlas R. L. Scdc, Nathal and Tabalul Dools Pub bhed to the United Stay Amela, 1980-19H Sopple menu, 105-1913, 1919-1932 International Catalogue of Scootbc Literature. 17 mpom. 1901 - 1914 Nature (Loodoo) 18+ Naturli tactuutta. 1921+ Royal Sodety of London Canalogue of Schedu&c tapes, JO 1900. Sarton, G. Harm A Guide to the History of Science. 1952 Surtoa, G Latroduction to the History of Science. lok 1 121-194 derrat: 28937 Sdence Room Noses. 1054+ Sedgwick, 1 Tand H. W Tyle A Sort Horory of Seart Roy od 2909 Sbobell, C.M. Guick to Rdercare Dooie 7th ed. 1951 Sop pkedett, 1850-1852 1833-1895 Quantaty muppleaca 40 pete to College med Resort Libraria, wolied for proind Lotu mery tre te Am Renan. Amelan Adnaal 1923 Bronnla Book of the Year 1936+ Rri oral Seetrat Iron 1000+ Schoolc Acoertaan 1845+ AGRICULTURE AND VETERINARY SCIENCE Reference sources. Agricultural lodes. 1916+ Baie L Ł zadard Ortopedla a Haluat o 1914- 1977 ·1 CUTE TO THE LIDATUI bokepmpy sol senc, Tatili mi Cent Agronomy 1+ Lida Wetabragtot 10+ ILIhn d Anal Lawty Inducealogue of Netto od stertory Zoology Rey ed mo-12 supplement Axtar 0. 6. Dependent of Aplanue. Library ophy Agad ure, IM. + Cart Ina. U . Deputatd Apk Card beda polo Pablo At Jos Aubul Preedog Abr. 13+ Dacy Socht Abatrace 109+ FK Crop Abstracte IHI+ Faculty Abert Ileanaboldal Abetracta + Horta Aberta 31+ Met Breeder Aberach 100+ Tarphon 10+ The Incry laretha. 1001+ V IDxperts of Agriculture. Lipat Sedlo Record. IT11 Ay Arthu. OA) 1907 Ano ba laban khace IDU+ ANTHROPOLOGY Rita Sora Anton Andropoge 11 Amma Amogaty 185+ Alicano Julhytal Asthropolog VIH Andrup 100+ Merlod, G r Ethanpapak Bibliography of Tarth America SLU hal Aaderoplegial Crot klid jul 171+ ·16 IR KILALA TRORLEN w Room Yearbook of Anthropology 1955+ (Tade edition Diled Current Anthropology Yearbook of Ponal Anthropology 1965+ Radio How! Anthropologischer Anzeiger 1921-1944. BOTANY AND ZOOLOGY Reference Source Bibliomphis Geredia. 192+ Chamberlta, W} Eaumoglal Namenclacure and they ture 2nd ed. 1940 Just Bouanische Jahresbericht 1873-1993 Smith RC Guide to the Literatare of the Zoololaul Scheince. 4th oct 1095 Spector W& Handbook of Biologiai Dau 1952 Zoological Record. 1864+ Card Inderas Coodlium Bibliographitun 1896-1934 Torrey Bouakal Club ladex to American Bouinlal Klientare. 1894+ Wetar Imeliole of Anatomy and Blology Adnoce Abutrict Cuad Sernce 1917+ Abstract Journals Berichte uber die Wkucessoslle Blologic 1923+ Blologlal Absoucts 1820+ (Superxeda Abernd of Bacterial * 1917-1926 and Botanical Abutrec 1918-1920) Roumnistia Initiate. In 1943 British Abutrice All Popolology Biochemistry Anatovery 1445 1935 (Superdo Brush Chemial and Pusuologial Abatrach. 1924-1911) Balktha Signaktik. Partie ? Scene Blosopgoa 1540+ latamasonal Abstracts of Blologial Science 1954+ (Sopo da Bribh Abarnets of the Medial senas, 1944-1948) Retumpito Genetia. 19+ ·17 CUDO TO Tit DTU Keris App Bed Look 13+ Lorie a Appuat Web W22+ Looloplacher Loldt 1942 194. Adamant Auroal Lalu didelity 13+ Aval Kerle d Microbiolog 187+ Acorsal Roma Pratolog iDs+ Apocal Lerke Hot Toyalblog 1950+ Racok Atraca ba Waleptal pd Medial Mayala 10+ Adrca Food Lottich. IHIL Afrod Geneda MT+ Tartut der Boten. 1931+ Fartacurate de Zoolople 1307+ Proprom in Dophyland Hopbystal Chandoy 100+ Survey oglal Progren. 150+ Anh kologial Lettem (Cambridge Pullmophical Soday) 1923+ Locdal Lak 1155+ Loreto de Dilologia M-104 Molonal Lake Hut Qematy Rekew of Bloky + CHEMISTRY & Swat Apolon Casal Soday ferchilog to Quadal Litenture, 21 kuda. 7 Ilmodbe der Orpoolha Chooke 4te Audit MH Sopponga L 1923-1934, md 11, 1011+ Chec, LJAM. Pattanen LL Het. Gulde to the Lilonu al davery sad od 1937 Cadai Hedboda de Aspeba rok. We Arte TH Tudodh Chenow My Ahed W5407 Helbron Lknit. Therler Enordopedia of OT ruk dauntry 18+ ·16 THE REARCH PROBLEN daval Rio larbook al Anthropolog 1935+ (Inde edicions dcked "Corrent Anthropology Yearbook of Physical Asshropokory 1913+ Rouler Journal Anthropologischer Anzelger 1924–1944. BOTANY AND ZOOLOGY Reference Sonerce Bibliographla Genetia 1925+ Chamberlin, WJ Entomologial Nomenclature and Litert tore. And od 1910 Jauth Botanisches Jahresberlabel 1873-1039 So the Guide to the Lilouture of the Lookogtal Science 4th ed. 1995. Spector 1 S. Handbook of Baloglal Data 1954 Zoological Record 1947 Can Ixorxos Condilom Bublloppalcuns 1094-1994 Totoy Botanial Club. Inde Lo Awerian Boranlal Literature 1894+ Wktar tattute of Anatomy and slabopy Advance Abon Card Sortice 1917+ Abst sct Journals Boldre ubet dic Witschaftliche Btasogke. 1800+ Bankgal AbaKIE 1920+ (Supersedes Abetracts of Bacteriat 96 1917-1923 and Bouaniol Abercs, 1918-1920) Botaniscia Zostrablatt 1880-1945 British Abtract All Mychology Mahemistry Anatomy 1815- 13 Seperado Brisb Chetal and Payrological Abra 1920-1911) Bolleria Smaktque. Parts & Scienca Blologiqoa. 1940+ Latestutional Artrou of Biologial Science. 1954+ (Sopot voda Drah Abans de Medical Sciences 10t-E956) Remmpco Geretta 1921+ ·17 cond To T, LDATURI Lerker of Apple Comoros M14 Renier of Applied xycology test Loraldo hadit. 1992- Amol Loka Locbet 19+ Al Lakew Marblolog 1917+ Amal koha Theology 18+ Airol Larter of the Physiolog Wor Iron lloc Atract Bloglal and Medial Mylan MOE Atrakco In Food Koch. 141+ Arab Garda. 30+ Torbdorite de Domk. 1931+ Torudurid der Loogle. 1907+ Prapron ba Boptynia od Plopbybel Gary 1950+ Mologlal fragro 10+ Aon Wongtal Lee Coloring Pulonophalal facett) 10+ Lemlal Lake Wst Lrpe der blokepke - Matologal Lien mit Quartet Loko Bolest CHEOSTRY Literact SICA Apolon Chalol lodety Searching the Chealal Lherte. SL Bitd, 1 Handboche der Orcha Chorlt 4 ALL Mit leppepe L 1902-104 mod II, HI Con LJ, A Pette, LR Min. Code bo de Lot Choy Dedad 07 Go Baodoaca copia Cole ke Artist It Indook Cheaty od roda d 51 From Lk I lett Ekle Endoptata a Or pa Chademy 14 ·16 THE REARCH Mola Annual Rain Yearbook of Anthropology 1956+ (Trade edition #sthed Current Anthropology ? Yearbook of Pindal Andropology 1945+ Rook Joxual. Anthropologiches Aprelget 1924-1944 BOTANY AND 200LOGY Refretta Source Dibliographla Genetka 1825+ Chamberlin, W) Escopologlal Nomenclature and Luen ture end d. 1946. Jurt's Botapitia Jahresbericht 1673-1999 Smalth, R. C Guide to the therure of the Zoologial Scer.com 1th ed. 1955 Spector W 3. Handbook of Biologlar! Dana 1958. Zoological Record 1861+ Card Indore Coocillam Bibliographikun. 1898-1934. Torrey Bouzial Club lodet American Botanial Utaztare. 1894+ Witar Instituie of Anatomy and Blology Adviser Abwira Card Surice. 1917+ Aortret Journal Berthee oba dle Wiwerschaftliche Blodoge 1925+ Okkaa! Abstracts. 1925+ (Superxedo Aband of Bacterial ogy 1917-1926 kod Boxsakal Abarnes, 1918-1926) Douniachia Zentniblatt 10-1945 British Aburcu AITI Primuokog Blochemy Anatomy 1945 1933 (Superador Breida Cemical and Physiologlal Abxtract, 1920-1941) Bulletti supaakiique Partie 1 Scenco Blologique 1940+ Istanasonal Abansa a Blotogral Science 1958+ Bopet reds Bikh Abstracts abt Badia] Scen, 1954-1936) Ruunpils Gorretta. 1931+ ·17 CLDO TO I LIMUTLU trid lipse Estonstop MH Erre deppied tekst Zoctopadha katte-4L Andrim And Enter of Blackoy it Amol Lakerd warbloke 17+ roul Lerior al Portokog Aaral nie anon Myloko 10504 crt donc Atroco ta Holopal od Matal Mytila 141 Kroon t Food Loc. CHI ADD Cadde. DH1+ Fernderte da Lanit D31+ Faudra dor Zoolge 18+ to kopbude od Lophytal Okoy 050+ Sony d Laoghal Topa 10+ Lont un korallmm Cebukett Monocophlol Society) 3+ Lottal Lola DUST Loreto de Loop D3 Modokopal Role in Quoty kort d Dale most CHEMISTRY Literatu Loco Chocal Society for the Chontal Laut DOL KT Honda dos Opelba Code the Ad DIHE 1931, od IL HIE CLI AVIO, LA Xot. Gold the Led Coolgy Sda 1957 Cadastrados Lapota Ohode te Astana Hobot d Cheorgy od Ach 1956-1957 Bars, I kndi bat Dar Eacydopantia d or pikoda + ·18 THE KA PROVLER Kirt, REm D F Othmet Encyclopedia of ChandaTeob. Dology 15 rol. 1947–1956. dlhod, LG Chemical Publadon, 1940 Melor W A Catapreemite Treatlu og borpink and The oretical Chemistry 28 TOL 1922-1937 Sudhes & Saal Alien's Cornmadal Organic Adulyai 10 val 3914-1933. Sonk, B. Library Gukke for the Coemist. Isa Thorpe F, mod L. A. Whitehy Thorper Dictionary of Ap pllod Cherakstsy Ith ed. 1957+ Washbam, EW International Colleal Tzbia TOL 1926 1920 Adatrict Journal Drish Abercu. I8131035. Super eda Brichia Chemial od Playziological Abatnct. 1922-IPH.) Baletin Signalétique Partie L Mathematique, Astroak, Physique, Culmak, etc. 1940+ Cetakal Abatract. 1907+ xemlacha Teatrullast 1000+ Ammwal Rriftes. Antal Rerew of Bloctictory 1934+ Annnal Xerken of Maya Canty 15:50+ Chemial Society of London Annual Reports at the Propea Chemistry 19047 Society of Chemical Industry London Report on the Propom of Applied Chemtry 5918+ Rtart draka. Acruxes la Carbohydrate Chetalary 19157 Adranco in Calgal and Related subjecte 1948+ Adnano in Colloid Chemistry 1941+ Aonoces in Calata Science, 1912+ Adripes in Enzymology and Related Subjecu 1911+ Adrrocos to Food Katach 1948+ Adrt's the Protect Chemistry 101+ Proga la Orpal Chemistry 1952+ Progo in the Commity of Frau. 1955+ ·CUIUS TO THE LITEILATURI 19 Katka ! dodal Rain. It Cholal fociety Lodos lortaty Lak 187+ ENGINEERING Xifaxa Seat Apple Adana od Today Ida. 1991+ pedas Lode Art loda, 1913-1957) Daco D. H. Land Logucet Larutan IHI Betou. JL Kerede mod Lected b Lagerly and Itthal Ideace, kdo 14 hdral Arta hie 1913-1957 Ko Yote Larry New Tecnlal bootu 1913+ khabad, How To Metalurpal Information is Tahmal Bact Lorte Late 1st brdo. Ingricata Inda Curd fatke 10+ tract lenne Electrok Exorabe Who Lida 10-14 Laptemet Inder 1617 Lootution of Che Legen, Loodom. Engtoncertory Abona Korea Abente. Seria A Mayo Abend, od 1. Electrial Ipcodes Abent. Im Tambda zondolatt. 1931+ Room ICA As I Applied Webba 1844 Adreca Lectrala od Lectron mica. 194 Proprom b Wetu Maya 140+ GEOGRAPHY Kred Aroko Geopaplal bodia Center Cooprophilal Habitat dlar + ·20 TUX LESERE RODA Bibliographie Carmgraphique Internationala 19487 Bibliographie Clographique latesaatkoak. 1991+ The Colacobla Uppinot Careers she World. 1951 Royal Geographical Society New Geographia Licatore md Map 1931+ Webuter's Geopphlal Dictimaey 1919 Wright J Land L T Platt. Alde to Geographical Recut, Pnd ed. 1917 Rroin Journal Coopnpblal Rarie 1916+ GEOLOGY Reference Sourca. Stathographake ches Scherzas Colglqa, 1923+ Bibliography and loda al Geology Exclosire al North Amela 1935+ Bibliomphy of Morth Amelan Gealang 1752-1831+ Geological Society Loodon. Loto Creologiaul Literttore 1897 1984. Hlate, C. Haodbach der Higerlogie. 1897-1923 Irpinot band, Neuc Mineralen. 2. 1938-1938 1 1934+ Howell, V, and A. I Lerore. 1946. Directory of Geologlar Material to North Amela (in American Amodation of Pe trodotin Coolytat, Bobeda 0: 1521-1452) Bulone, TF Compeodsuma of Meteorology 1951 Moon, A. The Userstore of Centag 1833 Miecte, Cam, et al Dusa's Syken of Whenkgy 7th ed. 3947 1991 Pearl R H. Guide to Geologie Literature 1931 Piretas J Tait de plantologie 1954+ Sunithsonian Meteorological Tablet Sth ter cd. 1991 Abstract monas Apported Bihtogrphy of Economic Cenlos 1973+ Colegial Abstract + Ceologisches Zentnilai 1901-IML Geophysical Abatraca. 18737 Heterobal Abatros ssd sibliography 19504 ·TWO TO THE LIIDUTURI Whardophol Abecoct 20+ lotbout the coolegle d Paborto de 1950+. zoonkba to Woenlope 1950+ oli tod the prooedley pode te loomabba tar Warlotte, Georghe thodna baxvolight 1900-149) Laru Ikryn Cobra 192+ Turmdrture et Geokole od hobontologt 13-1143 Tarchette der Woche 1911+ Nylo od Olality of the Lord 1934+ HISTORICAL, ECO103C, POLITICAL, AND SOCIAL SCIENCES forrer Str. Adana Haal worden elde Hletopal Lhermit Dordby,L Studio Gadbo Katolalla Pohlal Idol Costokpe Ardent Amory Hotel Elan Madera con Capothmstr ste naty rotate) Cyclopeda a Action Carrels vol pil Lydopadha olibe Sartal Selece L 1930-13. Loodor Boblogsphy other sodul Sconce I rol ml. Supple Rom, IDIA XT Thad toda. 1937 Idi Ababy foto barla. Lolcth. Mit Rode Gode rotatial Licon 100+ het Jourth ad Aberce It baton Padal bona Abstra 116i+ foculopal A Most Law at Ametoa todos todial local do Amek Aurion Los Ini Mit Adlaid Ink Ascion toda la UE ·THE REARCH FROID MATHEMATICS Refmener Source Encyklopidle do Mathemailchen Wacoschaften0 TOL 18- 1903 Mathematal Tabla Project. Matberatal Tabla 40 vol 1839- 1944. Parte, N G Guide to the Literature of Mathematka od Phyria, Indodhy Related Works oo Engtocatory Schoce. 1947 Abstreet Journals. Jahrbach Ober die Fortschritte der Mathematik 100+ Blathematial Reviem 1940+ Zentralblatt für Matheroatlik imd Ihre Grenzgebiete. 1931+ MEDICINE Rofarnar Sources Current Lua Nedial Literature. 1941+ Inda Medico. 1579-1926. Loda to Dental Perlodkaal Iterature. 1849/1876+ Nedlal Library Amodation Handbook of Mafial Library Trac dee. tod ed. 1950 Oxford Loore kaal Medldne Ondord Loore leaf Surfa Porten, WD An Introducho to laial Blolography 1915. Quarterly Cumabadire Inda Modic. 1077+ U S. Armed Forca Medial Library Ioda Caukague of the Library 1890+ (TIU cook with brance of threrla, vol. 11 30-12) U S. Armed Forca Medical Library Caula, Author and Sabfect, 1950–1954 (lued Annually and complated Quba qoenntaly) Abstract Job. Aber of World Medicine and Thorld Sangay 1917+ Dericite über die Geamte Phydologle und Expert-calde Mar makologle. 192+ Blobodal Abetrach. 1920+ ·DUD TO T LTDATUU Atce Abtret Metalsdocs. 1954-1954 Dette ble Abans ALL IN* Depended by International Aba Bologlal Koce, 55+ Deal Act 17 ropa Heba. 17+ tournodos) Abentes op MH In Hadial Diten. Hot Xolo Abeno od karinn 11311954+ Quarterly Helldoc 1907 Troploul Daniela M2+ Lotrubna de Corte corologie od trdbok Dro+ Contrabbat harat Matica 100+ I Marka Apal Lice of Hoodoc. 1830+ A kere of Matokeo 19+ Wethods Wool Rocent. Itt Yetbook at Detay Torbod of Direk Themy 105+ Textbook of Compal Songs 1901+ Textboot ug dory Protowy 13+ Tambook of throwd Chalal hochely 19404 Treboot roulattia 1900+ Lent enco. Arca Cinco Kud + Arco Litepe Medicine, et Adriatria 18+ Adoo My Entdan is Morbolagle 62+ Kom Adnb Wodicit. 184-19 Road Adobog 18+ Kt Propeu i Barone Lourd 1947+ To a 1903+ Per lenke Liptolat la boue Moda od plecade. 1907+ torta de Mendodotbols woon Creange World Voddec. 12+ Markological Rerken int ·24 THE RITAROT Mos PHYSICS Reference South American Intitute of Parka Pola Handbook. 1957 Exten An and K. L. Wall Hand und Jahrbuch der Chemis dimu Part 1997 Fiore, & Hoodbach der Physik 19554 Glaschook, R. A Dictionary of Applied Physkas, S TOL 1924 192. Landau Horroela. Zahlo wote und Funktion aus Phyun Chowk, Autronomke, Ceopbyek nod Technik, But Adblast 1950. (Formely alled Phillich ulcbe Tabeller) Puts N G Gaide to the Literature of Mathemata and May la, Indiadtor Related Works oa Logtocartog Science 117 Whitford. RĦ Payla Literature: hdem Wepaal 1934 Wien 9 mod F Harus. Hesdbuch der Expaissenteken Purulk. 2 mol. 1920-1933 abstract Journal Neckar Science Aberts. 1484 mayaka Abacta codon A Schence Abetract1893+ Phiyallallache Berichte. 19807 Annual Report Annual Rank of Anciat Sclerce. 1952+ Jourul at spillest Phytia 1931+ Pagatal Sodety of London Report - Program in Mbyllor. 19947 Recent Adresa Atrance to Electronics and Everon Playsta, 1948+ Adriacus to Payda 1952+ Reakery Jamal Rorer at sende Ihrumena 100+ Review of Nodesa Panda 39294 PSYCHOLOGY Roftrena foreros. Contem postry herokey 1971 Dualet, L., ipd CM. Loout Frotaloal Folleto in ·4 TOT DAN TUAJETO DATA Pytholor 101 Chaand palce a Londra Hd host a dologlal herniat me) Idolgal toda its SerTEK odhock Lopartmental y boost ISL. Abstra Alatepal Abstract Section F Horn Borg 1946-1951. Balletta Splique Isocokole On Derudopesert Abarth. + Titologal About 10+ 4 Lorin LA od Pebalap It Apocal Lenke al lordboks 10+ Xental Moro Yotboot. 1931+ Lijms. borbomhus Quoty US+ Hydrokopal Delt. 1904+ FIRST STEPS TREATING DATA I Tabine Check all alculations, and por experimcatal data on the form olublar. (See chapter on "Tablos." Page 111) Make all calculadoas twice, preferably on diferent dora, and, if practabiks, by dierent methods. The second calculation should be made withoat relatnice to the firm, and on I per page to you noteboot. Not on observa tional and denpire work should be maged and der dhed 2 Gruplar Plot your data were possible (Set ac ton co "Graphs, Page 142, and coolt Worthing and Gears (1915) Treatment of Experimental Data) ID most aspertzentation, graphs forth the best means of bringlog our relations moeg dana, pod should be pre pured tren if they are not to be pabllabad It barbabke to keep the data tabalued od plotted ·26 THE LESLALOT MORE as the experimentation progress. This wİll serve to check the accuracy of the work it will indiate dainable soodtfications in the plan and it is likely to suggest valuable ncr ideas. ; IPritten Notes During the preliminary study of the data it is adviable to record on paper all the idea that seem to be worthy of consideration The mechanical proc ess of recording and filing the notes abould wut the con venience of the individual. Some witan like to use a standard dre of ards (5 by 8 inches) for all preliminary work on a paper The ards may be filed in a box, under appropriate headinga Only one topic to put on a ard, and thu topic is expanded later to make a paragraph. This method allows topla to be added, eliminated, and re arranged whenever necesary Other writers prefer 10 x sheets of paper of standard size (84 by 11 incha) only one topic on a sheet and the sheets filed in folden, large envelopes, or loose leaf notebooks (Original observations and measurements are usually recorded in a notebook with permaneat pages A copy should be put in 1 sale place as soon as possible.) The writing should be donc currently rather than post poned and shortly before the first draft of the organized paper is due. Thus will make the preparation of a good first draft relatively cosy by avoiding the necessity of hur ried, areless writing at the end. It is best to set aside a regular uninterrupted half-day period ach week for keeping the writing up-to-date Conclusions. Examine the tables, graphs, and classi fied notes for relations and condooms. Ask yourself "What are the posible esplanations of the facts}" Il several explanations seem equally probablc, do not em phasize only one Consider al logial possibilities (See ·STATDT CAL MOTH000 section on "Logial Presentation d Ideas page 1.) Date dutco poco of troutine conduskos If time bailable, raily your condoloms by garbering mort data a by malog special text pomments Confirm your conduions, if pouble, by eridance from source that u mtirely dibentat fa dancter Fahmate the probable accuracy of your roula by como abering the sources of error Coodinion from your re ralo me be based upon a careful coordention of thetr ucury od puficiency If you have enough data, ose ata thalal methods to estimate their probabile significance 5 Ration of Conclusioni Refer again to your data to see whether your tentative condusloa ure actually justi bed. Dbcover in which was there condusions apply and In which, If ury they do not Modify if necesary the statement of your conclusions. See also whether ebey me coasbtent with aublished facts or prindpla pertaining to the robject • Exceptions. Esumide the dar for exceptions, ha.com wrence, and discrepanda Record the exceptions, ud check their loc. Try to find out why the expected resolt was not obained. Suure of the most important scientißc discoreria bare resulted from apparent excepcion and aboormalitia in data. Formulate poolble explorations for the excepolans Study your condalon rain to see how the excepot modify thera. RELIABILITY AND SITFICANCE OF MEASUREDIENTS This section provides a ble introduction to wome perts al statistical metbooks Adrive oi spedallt sbould be sought in approaching any but the simplos problema A general book that should be rodied by treryone whoxe wart tarotra masuremmo h the web Woon (1952) ·28 THE ROTALCI PROBLDI The following are among the most useful books that deal with statastical methods. Adams (1955) Cochne und Cox (1950) Craxton (1953) Crarton und Conden (1939) Diron and Many (1951) Federer (1955) Fisher (1951 1954) Goodies (1952) Hald (1957) F. (1954) Walker sod Lov (1953) Yooda (1951) If stuutical analyl o to be applied to the resulu, It is important that the experiments be planned with this in mind. Defects in the design of the experiments may make it difficult or impossible to determine the statistical alg nifiance of the results The following directions outline a working system for (a) computing the standard Cror of the man of a seria of measuremenu obtained from a sample. (6) ascertaining the significance of the difference between the population mean and the mean of a simple, (c) judging the signifi ance of the difference between two umple means and (d) asumadng the size of an adequate sample STANDARD 10 OF TIL MEAN 1 Write the reading in a vertical columon At the bot tom of the column, witc thc pum of the readings divide this by the number of readings (M) and set down the maan (M) 2 In a second column put opposite cach reading the difference between it and the mean 3. In a third column, write the square of each difference and at the bottom of this column, put the sum of these quares (S). 4. Compute the standard caror of the mean by taking the square root of the quotient obtained by dividing the ·STATOICUL YOHOS tom of the squra by the prodea of the number of read trip to ao la than this rumber Ey = S/V - 1}}}' 5. Write the mean dio standard ctor in the form V = Ey aconding to the theory of probabilites, 83 per cent of many similarly determined means, based on huge maplan, should bil Yithin + Ey of the population mon $5 per cent may be expected to fill within 1.96 Ey add 99 per cent within = 253 Ex ) RDFa ar TO DATE IN A romtLATTOOR WAX AND THE XIX OF A LA DON sri 1 Compute from * -1 wbart to the sumber of reading upon which the mem of the random pimple was bored. 2 Compute the miloc oft from 1=4 where I a the men of the emple, n f the Lord O med relor of the population mean, and Ex is the andard error of the mean of the sample I. In table 1. God the smallet value of I corospooding to If the computed rahut of its peater than the value oft found in the cable, the disaence between the popala do mein und the mean of the ampie mery be regarded as Rooficant. If the computed talue of loceeds the large rolet of 1 in the table, the diference is highly digadicant Tu le moda true orna. S Math for Rent Takit, Otres & lyd had, datort by poudatet od potban ·28 THE WALCH POOL The following are among the most useful books that deal with statusucal methods Adams (1955) Corbren und Cox (1950) Cruton (1953) Crarton and Cowden (1939) Dirom od luncy (1951) Foderer (1955) Faber (1951 1954) Goulder (1952) Hald (1952) Hall (1951) Walte und Lev (1953) Londen (1951) If stadistal analyw u to be applied to the rorult, it s important that the experiments be planned with this 1a mind. Defects in the design of the experimenu may make it difficult or impossible to determine the statistial sig nificance of the result. The following directions outline a working system for (a) compuang the standard error of the mean of a series of measurements obtained from a sample, (b) ascertaining the significance of the difference between the population mean and the mean of a sample (f) judging the argoufiance of the difference between two sample means, and (d) asumating the dze of an adequate Ample. STANDARD OR OF THE LEAN 1 Write the readings in a vertial column. At the bot tom of the column, wite the sum of the reading divide this by the number of reading (M) and set down the mean (11) 2 In 1 second column, put opposite cach reading the difference between it and the mean. 8. In a third column, write the square of each difference and at the bottom of this column put the sum of these squares (5) 4. Compute the standard error of the mean by taking the square root of the quotient obtained by dividing the ·$1 STATISTICAL TRICOS randora sopia we indepeodens ud ore about the eme 5. Trite the distruoc uod to standard OTOT In the form DED 4 Coopote from AE (V - 1) + N, - 1) bet N, and A, te obe number readings upon whit the paans were based 5. Computt tron I DJED ln able l' find the Fuller value of 1 coclespooding to If the computed ratio prater than the raluc of t found in the pable, the dinerence tory be consideed to be simifant. If the rario tuces the larger rulee oltba the table the difference mory be regler os blyth egalficant The P (probability) nalot badcats the probability of obalning plus or MEANS deference equal to or greater than that Indicated by be aloe oll ADEQCACY OT Lt 1 An ottonte may be made of the size of each of two samples Dended in order that a certain percentage difier ance bethen the two fumple means to be regarded syaibuant for play it med () that the mo populations from which the randon impla ve drama have the more degree of robability and (b) that the two random stupla me indepeodent 2 Obalo mezplorbosy rodom wopic of me N ( brige o pracokable) of one of the two popolalom, ved alculate the mesa (37) od the standard Cror of the per Tobe obterpreted for atkel a Faber Stad Kitty of Loved Wartor, oder bege Limbid Laber by Porte de pe ·30 THL, KOLARCH MORLD A significant difference indicates that the apple was probably not drawn from a population having a mean of m or that the Ample wu Dot drawn at random, or both. TABLE 1 Volver didP - 0.05 and P-001 far wiece wolwer * (kama d freedom from 46 bisht 1 . . P-00-101 7.7 4 60 295 2 78 2 57 4 5 6 7 3 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 25 3 71 J 50 3 36 3 23 3 17 3 11 3 06 3 01 293 2 37 1 31 2 28 2 23 2 20 2 18 2 16 2 15 2 13 2 12 2 92 2 11 290 2 10 2 109 2 2 092 8J 2 00 2 79 2 03 2 75 2 0 2 70 2 01 2 68 1 96 2 SS 40 50 Infinity *The table is reportated fro tablo IV of Fisher Strikel Wald's fw Round Workers altres & Bord Louited, Edinburgh, by permit Hon of the author und pahlleben SIGNITICANCE OT THE DIFFERENCE ATWIN MLAXS 1 Subtract the smaller mean (11) from the larger mean (N2) to obtain the difference (D) 2. Obtaun the standard error of the difference between the two means by aking the square root of the aun of the square of the two standard crron of the means. Ep [(Ex)' + (EX) 7" where Ex, and Ex, are the standard arons of the means. This expresuon for En should be used only when the tiro ·Chublor 2 WRITING THE PAPER OUTLINE OF A SCIENTIFIC PAPER 1 Schendec Iriting. A paper on a scientific of technical object Decomanly consists of (1) a report of facts, (b) an Interpretation of fact, of () 2 combination of a report and an lataportation. The mabod of writing ' gorerded by Tany conditions, Indading the pature of the subleche the purpose of the antide, the cuncteristia olibe writer mod the folcrest of the probable readers no set method or openent will be suited to all kinds of papere It is important but the plan of the cosporition be moderery clear to the reader The main topia and their tubdivisions should be plainly indiaird. In this rapes okatifit writing differs from litary compostoon. Ano Duific paper is intended to be godked and med as a rcio corre, U s Dot merely to be tad Herne literary derke should be subordinated l they interfere with damen The plan should be kellerident throughout the compoul Uon 2. Genred Owls The wine gire below Potgot a for that may be used for a wide merlety oldanud end technical ppen, an curbation of the papers publbhed In the youtmb will show that the majority of them bate to general mangement and regnence of topla. This Lorm of oluline is putable for en papers that report i vestigations or osperiments, ad pomora the additional adrante of being famillar to the reader The oquine should be modified fofficleoth to adapt it to the special requisits of the unide or irport that is to be written

·32
TIL LULEAROI MORLEI
3. Compute the required samplc aire (N.) for each of
the two emples from the following formula
N, = 2 * (216) XN X (100 X Ex/NT/??
where 2.16 is a nalue obtained from a stable and corre
ponds to a probability of 003 for a large sample, and d
us the percentage difference desired to be significant.
4. It must be borde in mind that the procedure here
outlined can give only a rough stimate of adequate
Ample size and should not be used for mall sampich

·Chapter 2 WRITING THE PAPER OUTLINE OF A SCIENTLFIC PAPER 1 Scientific Iriting A paper on a scientiſt or technical mubfert decererily comhts of (a) a report of facts, (b) en Interpretation of facts, aq e combination of a report und an interpretation. The method of waiting forcined by mary condidoms, iododing the sature of the object, the purpose of the abck, the dancerbils of the writer and the laterests of the probable reader No xt perbod ar arrangement wm be podied so all kinds of paper ito important that the plan of the composition be made very clear to the reader The main toplo and thetr Rubdivisions bould be platały lodicated lo thb ropea scientific writing dlijers from literary compodtion And entific paper is botended to be gudied and used murder ence is not merely to be read. Honot lerary devices would be subordinated if they mterfere with dearme. The plan should be derident througbom the compoul 2. General Odlok The online giren below forget form that may be med for a while rariety of scientic and techmal pepen. An examination of the paper publkhed to the pourmis will show thu the majority of them have this general aangement and reqpence of topla The form of ovulde soulable for mose papas that report in respanons or asperimcats, and possesses the additional armature of being tallar to the inadkar The douline hould be modifed poticants to adapt It to the special requirements of the artick Itport that b to be wiltted.

·84 MUTLNO TIE PAM Gened outane of a mentit pop Time. The title should coast prdanbly of few words, India dre of the watents that are most empbadah Grot care me be exordsed to employ words that contain the elementa both of brevity and comprehentren ud perroit easy and acco rate hdostog AOTLACT The aberkot bi bold condemnation of the whole pupe I. Introduction, A. Nature of the probleme, o pate at the beginning of the lo Portation A. Parpare, scope, and method of the Interigation C Mart sificat outcome of the forestipation the gate of the problem at the end of the forestigation IL. Materials and methods. A. De otption of the qupacnt ad buttertab employed. B, Esplanadon of the way to wilt the work was done (Che Amdent detail to ceable a competent worter to repel your periments. Emphate the fatures that ue Dow) IL Experiant and ravit. A Description of the experimcott B. Description ol the rorola (Il poolble, there should be down to obles and graphs.) TV Duration of relu. A Main prindpies, awal relations, a generalinions that are shown by the reruit. (Choose one or myen malo conda on that your ordence and to prote) . Evidence (a show by the data) far end of the man con chudon C Eucopeloos mad opportant theoria, ad aplanation of these D Comparison of your roula and interpretioru with those of other wodos Out of paper that include wonal writs of aprint presented partiely ·15 TEL L Caou burn DL. Credmetre that Il Doctor dike fra solo copricht A trotto A Matadels d pabod Cipalmod od rogin D Dhoot telts. IV Deamptor till of second arties of experiments A Introduction 1 Motorul mod brdbod C. Lupatocno od routes. D. Daca a road V Docte ocky ohled sole of apertunt A Introduction . Mahoda C. Tupolowd ronda D Dan . 12 Oro PROCESS OF WRITING 1 Machada Trocre. There probably b no bent way to pepere i kientific paper encept u may be determined by the Individual wiitor and the distance. With po Dota u all, coe mgoot be able to start writing an ortide which short or loot would be practially inbbed at croy Hart Ot one mght caulate the fact in a great of rablage, mod then, throach cooderation and reblon, pot the paper mio final form. It b the and product that CODIL, DOC the faltimedlate step 2. Preliminary Onlibur Ilog people obaln bot roulo by developing a pellenty online before they can within the belowing rept my be comployed ·36 WUTING THE PAPER (a) Prepare a brief outline of the main topics to be treated in your artide. Arrange the topla in a compenlent and logical order This outline may be on . siogle sheet of paper (5) Alake a second enlarged outline sbowing an analy sis by headings and subheadings of the article. This may be three or four tima u long as the first (c) Prepare a third outline before beginning the actual writing in this outline the topio should be ahired to ibt most effective order ud each copsc should be enlarged and preferably expressed in the form of a conose topic sentence. (d) Begin the actual writing Spread out before you the ovuling the ubla, and the graphs. Expand ach topic or topic katence of the outlige into paragraph. Make a rough draft fint. Leare plenty of space between the lines for subsequent revizioa. Concentrate on the subject mat ter and write us rapidly as possible without letung details of language Interrupt the dow of ideas. Then on another day examine critically what you bave written and begin to revike it (Sec saion on Resuion," page 18.) SUBJECT MATTER AND ARRANGEMENT CENDALL 1 Unity A kaentific paper should be a unit, itaunga pingle definite subject. It may conuin leveral main topla If there are logical divisions of one large subject. Make a areful selection of materiais Include only what is necer Hry to an understanding of the main ideas but omit noch ing that is essencial Esch paragraph should live uauty It may well begin with a topic sentence that indicates the idea to be dere! oped in the paragraph. The uk of topic scatences alds the ·57 ALOT VATTO AD ADLANDIRI wiiter la transforming hb premory outllet into para graphs, and it beps the reader who looks through the paper for its alicut contente 2. amount of Toptou. Choose a logical sequence of coplas based upon a carefal 202s of the abject matter The order may be detrennned by relations of space, tome, importance, mmm a contrast, complexity or came iod cfcct. Ver ardar that were bort the perds of clear nex, cobaeace, and emphaps Discuss somber point in the sumoc order and are stilar forms of aproxion. Lodiat dearly the beginning of each pew topic. I Derelopreml Detelop the main bless until they are der enough to be castly understood by the reader For the pate of beerity to publication, it is usually neceuary to addio, the paper to specialists in the particulis field rather than to the general rader Bunt a mful writer while pronarily addrening these specialist, can make bis ppa Inteligible and useful to may workers Outride the Fredate non bebel Prosent the material in a manner that with cable the reader to propio meaning u qudkly and early us por able. Use the style of the textboot-bot that of the labor tory Dotebook. Explain cach copic dearly point by point Define, illustrate, prore, and promarize your statement Il Docam Grre considerable thought to the relathre Importance of the rarious topics and their deed of development Treat briedy thoxe copros that are too simple to require detailed planation Develop fally the more complex and the more important toplo. Achiere completepa uod darity witboot maibcing woodete 4 Enoples Instrate the meaning o general or ab itha statem ab bis pirmaimpien perdeolar instances, conate dara, implifying detalk, a spedific comparsons ·38 MUTTYO THE PAD 5 Reader's Questions. Consider what quesuon the reader will wish answered in your article Always keep in mind the fact that the primary prispose of your paper should be to give the reader valuable information and new ideas 6 Toples of General Interest. Develop fully the topia that are of interest to many reader.. 7 Words. Employ words that are approved by good usage Be careful to avoid those that are obscure, ambigu ous, or inappropriate. Prefer the specific word, the famu iar word, the short word. Define all technical terms that the reader might not understand. When at a low for the word or expresion that most precisely fits your thought, consult Soules Dictionary of English Synonyms Rogets Thesaurus or TVebster's Dic tionary of Synonyms And when in doubt regarding the idiomatic use of common words, turn to The Concue Ox ford Dictionary With a large vocabulary at your com mand, you can writc concisely because you an choose one word that will take the place of several in making your meaning clear Try to use words that a foreigner will be able to find in a mall dictionary If necessary add a brief explanation of a word that might not be understood. (For example a foreigner might not be able to find the meaning of the word "tumbler" but he would understand if you devibed it as a glindrical glou rouel 7 an in diameter and 10 cm deep) 8 Tone Still may be developed in presenung material lo a uctful way Clear Hatemenu supported by evidence are better than positre exertions. Arold pedantic or pompou language. Be careful also not to announce a well known fact as if it were a discorery lodiate clearly which of your results and conclusions are now For completenes ·59 ADJECT VATTO AD ADANCILIT oldioxtosion, It bolte peccy to mention to the reader miny things that be ueady toons, but this may be done folly niboot annoying a coafuing him TELE 1 Choke of Title Chooke i coachse daddpetre title complete escort to include the mao toplo seded for making a rubjea indo in un abuna foartal Select there topeos with the abne of piring defalte dous to the chart coutent of your paper Loa biological study I b datirable to give the name of the organism to the tue. Include al freportint doans under which your paper should be lor deurd bat preferably lonic the due to ten rond. Phace the wote mportant words star the beginning of the bik, o chat de subjea may be seen at a glance. 2. Selection of Tophes Ask yoursdl, Uoder when topla mook I look to a rebjede inde olan abatreat foomal II were rearching for the Literature on the robjects treated to my paper The one to this question will provide the topuas for your dute. DrupootCTION I Coded. The function of the Introdoction to make clear the pubject of the undice. The introduction would rust the problems, dormibe its calatom u the beginning dike stoly od the reasons to borrestigating it. It should give the purpore, scope, and general method of the Errebon Fimony the facroduction would rate deaty and defnote the most significant result of the forestigation 117th the main condolon before him at the start, the tadals ik beroes throorh the pope to see the develop met d ako od inference broertu forward in to Rapport 11, the aber hand, the watement of the most ·10 MITIND THE PAF poist is deferred until late in the paper, the reader i un able to distinguish essential from noncuencial endence and may overlook or forget important features. 2 Pettinent Literature Make reference in the introduc tion to only those literature citations that bear directly upon the introduction itsell. The other references to the literature should be included in the parus of the paper to which they are most pertinent, chiely ehe dhamlon of rauit The foregoing procedure is now faroved by most wit en. To be nurt, a long hustorical review-often utzaged merely chronologically-was at one time considered to be an essential part of the introduction. But the reader gener ally finds such a review dull, since he u not prepared o early in the paper to correlate past inrougations with the specác problem in hand. The place for most of the refer ences to the literature p in the dacusion of salts, where che new results and interpretations are compared with those of preriow invesugalon. DRCUSION OF RESULTS 1 Interpretation. The primary purpose of the discos son of resulu is to how the relations among the facts that you have observed. Support your conclusions by reference to the experimental resulo keep asking yoursell that do the dau show? What u the evidenced (See the section ou "First Steps in Treaung Data " page 25 ) Indiate the meaning of the fact their underlying awes, theu effects and their theoretical impiaron. Aim, where posible, to explain facts in the symbol or language of mathemauch, and according to the law of physio and demuery 2 Reference to Tables and Graphe. Keep the text free from mere repetition of the dewled data prexnted in the able and graphs. Such repeution acept when necatury ·OBJECT LATTE AXO ALLAXOLYEXT to bow.comperboos DOT obrious in the tables and graphs, coolmes the sot and mata dull reading As far as pos while, the lent should be reserved for comparbons, rela tions, coocluson, and generallation 3. Umettled Potis. Gire particular attention to al dence that bean on potno Concerulog which that is de ference of opłnion among scientist. But arold personal or cootrar enddal langings, or expressions likely to ordue con troversy of retant. Above all, do not mmpugn the mothes of others, modro are Irrekenint. + Emphorts of Condusios. Iodicate the ways in which the rerules of your study are related to the fields a whole Emphrdre the additkoms that it matos, and stron condu dons that modify in a sgniớcant way ury hypotbals theory or prlodple that has kecured general acceptance. Derelop with special deamen obeervations or Inferences that keem to be officerst importance to descrie DCDtion in a textbook on the rubject 5 Qualification of CondationTo prevent misunder Anding It In Decay to define a clearly u possible the precbe cooditions to whide your coodustom apply Acondorion thould always be stated to wachawy us to fodiate is time of maldity Coafasiod often remults from Builugt to define achequately an influential apartmental detail. In any es periment a kertos of a perinead the influential condi con may be malyaed contendently into two groupr (1) thore representing the malabla specially fodled, od (2) tboce tt presenting the rest of the expatmental compleathe flocal background or pittalling condition. The codidloos of the fruit groep are essered to be adequaith Loro und controled. They are the cooditions that are purposely made to difer in certaba kdomn mirFor 10 Ideal perfmeat o apeloont nic, the conditions of ·WRITING THE PAPER the second group should be us thoroughly know and definitely described u are the primary nnableThey should be mainoined constant or u least not permitted to vary suffiaently to interfere with the influence of the primary variabla. 6 spplications Indicate the praial applications of your study to agriculture, industry engineering, medidac, ctc. 7 Silmation. Try to stimulate the reader to further thought and research on the subject of your investigation. ABSTRACT OR IUNILARY 1 Position and Designation. Two pndices are followed in the various journals (a) One is to print an abstract (often in dbtinctive type and without heading) at the beginning of the article just below the title, where it is most convenient for readers. (b) The other is to print a rum mory (under thus beading) at the end of the utide. This abridgment should be the one in content, wbether it la daignated us an abstrad or w a summary Unfortunately some journals print the abstra in type that is extremely difficult to read, because of small size, long line, and close Une spacing 2 Purpose in prepanng « Udle and abstract for 20 artide, it is tro portant to realize that the individual market glancas over many more articla than he has thme to read A title is necessarily short but should be as Informative u posible. In cases where the worker as uncertain crom the tiuc alone whether the artide contains material of interest to him, the abstra belps him by telling more precurely what the article covera. Also in ass where he u Interested only in the main results and conduions, the abaira gires hiro this informuation in bric form ·JOT XATTO AD ADLANGESVENT The abotnat fills e gap between the tick, which may atent only about to work, and the article, which may be to pego long It is weful to do who wish more Information than is given by the tide and lan Information than b gtren by the article. Its ptorpores then, to bust readers (6) by daborating the title and (b) by condensing the article, thus faring the time of rendas who do not require the full content of the paper Ind dentally if the abuna a well prepared by the author it will be soltable lor repelating to in abanict journal. 3 Metre To en los purpose, the abstraa sboald Indichte dearly all the mbjects dealt with in the article, to that do reader interested in only one of these subjects will fal to bare hb attention directed to it. The abstract honld ako pumarize bnety bun canly the prindpal new results mod condodons, especially all new information likely to be of interest to teden wborre noe specialbos in the field. The abstract should be well written, so to be auly read mood todenstood, and sbould be rellexploatory coplete and dear in tell 1 Preparation. Leoptog to view the dual pourpose of the aberct, the writer whoold read his manuscript areally making notes () * to the subjects dealt with, partico larly wabjects concerning whida new informtion is strena Inodentally and (b) u to the new rerols and condations reported Material relating to ach abfect should then be pathered together entenc prmmaiting the materbal should be written, od finally these rotence should be pet together to s to make a well-written abstract-brief, Codensed, complete, yet readable. 5 Ladele. It will be useful to study u models the ab stricts men in abstract journals id to try to make abatracts that would be corpuble to pada Journalı ·WITING THE PAPER LOGICAL PRESENTATION OF IDEAS Many of the mistakes in scientific papers lovolve stron in logic Their zvordance depends chiefly upon a thorough understanding and careful analpls of the less that are presented. The following rules apply to some of the most obvious, and yet commonest, mutaka of this type. 1 Requisites of a Good Hypothesis A bypotheus is a tentative explanation of certain observed Gaan It is pra vlaionally adopted to explain these facts uod 10 serve as a guide for further invesugation. The requisitos of a good hypothat are the folowing (a) It should explain facts thuc bave not hitherto been adeqmately explained. (b) I should be consistent with all the known fact. (c) It should be no more complex thun necessary to account for the phenomena. (d) It should aid the prediction of new faces and relations (*) It should be susceptible of rerification or refutauon 2 Illusions (a) Be areful not to draw conclusons from data involving cron of observation, errors in arithmedia compensating errors mylematic and personal enton. (6) Do not use machematical formulas without dearly under anding zheir derivation and all the assumption in volved. (c) Be autious to compariag condusons based upon experiments in which the influential conditfonis have been improperly controlled, and therefore nor du plicated. (d) Avoid confusing facts with opinions or in ferences, not only in the investigation itself but also in preparing roruly for publication • "Horete skepxical we en be of Uhe animent al barani traths, one ano DeTa deep the phllorophic wody mean the bable of uwi keing an alternative of no ulong the tal for guoted omalla coopeonauta Auld pain of imagtabas forced Auto olmiod. LA a word, it means ibe porados al Monul perspecttre. - Mer James ·45 LOGICAL TATTOO ar AS 3 Too Brood Cencallation () Do nos .000 won from too few date, por too broad a corodosion ma Imlted salg o daq. () Be areful in doring duhods that are based on citrapolated currel (o lard against failing to qualify a cordados son to show Ilenia withia which it applies, of the variation which o be asperied. (d) When you betulge in speculation, bure chat you and your readers, Loon that it is specula wwe 4 Conor and Elett (.) Do not inlar boetely beans one thing han followed bother that it is the client of the ochor (b) Do not argue that are are the fate because indistinguishable fects bare been obered. A cruia phenometion may have one awe in one pure and upothar cause in a xcond care. Be careful in maling Inferences by analogy It two cases pre obetrred to resemble taca ochot in certain partioalm, it ha not afe to iniet team bance in Docher particular that has beez Dored to only of the two prostu hare the one math tabcal apresion (or yield the sun port of graph when plotted), it does not necessarily follow that the proces thebelvo art trentially alic. » Tretmake. (a) An attitude of lotellectual bobowy mod devotion to truth b the foundation of Kiendfic mort. (6) Gourd pafost preludice do Dot be influenced by patroon coded opinion (Do por decline to admit aidence because it Decotuvo en umwelcome coodinion. If nondoson sunwelcotxe, le huskea of 1 mong bantal uta! rodle. () Bruunt, amulc Owent tre short but to be Regreleed lases and they limeriably rates the cat d 004uutenti cambiguity of Tom (o) Guardingt mbunda standing of language (b) Define tanto a dearly and prebehy pouble Do not to tecnial trany, especially ·16 MUTIO THE PAPE in a field not strictly your own, unless you are certain of their predse meaning, or anless their use has been checked by a specalist in the field. (c) Do not use a term in one sense in one part of your reutoning and in another ons In another part (d) Do not mistake a general for a specific use of a term (e) Be very qual of statements containing the words cause determine control influence roult efect Discoguish carefully between oud words as factor condition, force agency process 7 Alising the Point (.) Do not ignore the question, cvade the foue, or argue beside the point Define dearly the points at issue. Try to determine the crucal point that will really decide the disction. (6) Guard against reason ing that may correctly prove something but not the thing wuch you think it proves. 8 Begging the question. (a) Do not base a conduson on an unprored proposition. (b) Aroid argving in a drcle-drawing a conclusion that merely states the # sumptions in other words, (c) Do not assume the truth of a proposition that u pot proved and may be false. (d) Do not assume that a certain thing is true because a prominent authority has aid it is true. (e) Do not assume that a proposition is ununue because you are able to disprove the arguments that have been used to support it there may be other valld argumenu that make it true. MAKING THE PAPER INTERESTING A mastery of the devices for at acting and holding the Interest of the reader must be acquired by the writer of articles of a popular nature. These methods should be used avuously by the writer whose purpose it is to in form rather than entertain, his fellow worker. Rather let your style be chanderized by unobuwise simplldry than by Inappropriate and labored ornamentation Con- ·KAIDO DE FAR TUTUP tot i more important than syk. The idee should be more interested in the thing be to decrbing than in the words with which be doaribe it deterthelanfudidowa Boxe of one of the denies of the journalist my TT, without breach of propriety to give a clentlhe o tech Raal Ppor 20 attrache und Liereking ople. There denices are loddlated by the following rules L. Begin with an introdoction that is broad enough to give the reader the loformados pecesary for en moder Kanding and appreciation of the mubject. Roer to the ways to wtuch the subject is related to the reader' pre vious knowledge o experience, and forget benefits to be desired from further information on the subject. Em phasize the economic or practical comportance of the rob cond 2. Make the paper a tu poucible for the reader com prebral 2. Ut phonographs, drawing, darts, dhprams, and 4 Emphasize the new and the cununnal-the lostura that bare en valpe 5. Otot tinal tod tedious detalls that are not to rential for scuracy and completcoen. Eeep the test free froca repeation of dan prosented in tabla and phone Lok each part of the paper to fococ preceding part by transitional work, plureses, or mantencts, you to make cooting for thus maaining the reader's interest 7 Precede esery dull penge by a stimulating Intro doction Seek Ferbery in length mod structure of wordt KIDOS, and parents 9. L. ierige Autence Kength to work, and keep Jag rordt those of thitt mure nilabler bona coeding per coat of the coul ·46 WRITING THE PAPA in a field not strialy your Own, unless you are certain of their precise mcaning, or unless their we has been checked by a specialist in the field. () Do not use a term in one sense in one part of your reasoning and in another sette in another part. (d) Do not mistake a general for a spedbc use of a term. (c) Be very critical of statements containing the words coute, determine control influence rerull effect Distinguish arefully between such words as factor, condition force agency process 7 Missing the Point. (a) Do not ignore the question evade the loue, or arguc beside the point. Dcfinc clearly the points at oue. Try to determine the crucial polot that will really deade the discusion (6) Guard against reason ing that may correctly prove something but not the thing which you think it prover. 8 Begging the Question. (a) Do not base a concluson on an unproved proposition. (6) Avoid arguing in a arde-dawing a conclusion that merely states the as sumptions in other words. (c) Do not anume the eruth of a proposition that is not proved and may be false. (d) Do not woune that a cottun thung true because a prominent authority has said it u true. (e) Do not assumDC that a proposition is untrue because you are able to dis prove the arguments that have been used to support it there may be other valid argument that make it true. MIAKING THE PAPER INTERESTING A munery of the devices for attracting and holding the interest of the reader must be acquired by the writer of articla of a popular nature. These methods should be used auuously by the writer whor purpose it is to in form, rather than entertain his fellow rorker. Rather let your style be characterized by unobtruure simpliaty than by inappropriate and labored ornamentation Con- ·17 VOYO THE PA TO tent is more toportant than tyle. The writer tould be more interduel in the thing be is deur blog than in the wards with wbich be describe it. Nevertheless judicious te of one of the devicts of the journalist may art, without breach of propriery to give a clenullic or teeth nial paper na atraire mod imeresting Hyle These derica are lodrated by the following mala L Begin with ma introdacloo that is broad congte togtre the reader the information Decorary for an under Handing and appreciation of the mobject. Refer to the way in while the subjects related to the reader's pre- Tous knowledge or caponese, and morot benefit to te dated from furber information on the pubject. Et phostre the economic or pralal importance the mb ject 2. Make the ppt u try as possible for the reader to comprehend & Ure pborognpts, dowlogs chants, dhgrunt, mod COTYL 1. Emphasize abe Dew and the untraal-the fatora that are nem valpe 5. Oft uimal od tolioru detalls that are not on kutal for wouncy and completenen Keep the tant free los repetition of dana prevenied in tablo od graphe & Link ect part of the paper to Home preceding part by imitional worde, porno, o entence, to make conunto Hornthu mtaining the reader's interest 7 Precede every doll page by untimulating intro duction & sett mirety to length and wracture of Worca Kentence, wd perrgraphe 1. Limit mest intende kogth to 20 words, und keep loop word, those of three or more gllablo-loat ceeding 20 per cent of be wel ·18 WRITTY THE PAPER 10 Use colorful words and nigorous turns of expresion 11 Use forcible comparisons or resemblances lo pop ular utides and lectures occasionally we analogies, similies, and metaphors. 12. Introduce striking of unexpected statements, contrusts, and paradoxa 13. Ask provocaure questions 14. Let the reader feel that he is doing his own think ing, dot merely following Sumulate his imagination and give him a sense of achievement. REVISING THE MANUSCRIPT After wrung the first draft of your paper begin to reruse it. Revuse several times, keeping one prinapal object in mind ach time. Learn to rewrite between the Iines, and to make corrections, insertions and transposi tons according to the methods given on pages 57 co 61 If there is not enough space between the lines for revuion, a convenient method is to write the revised panage on a allp of paper of page width and to staple this to the margin of the manuscript page. The pages need not be copied unul they have become crowded with cor rections. Most writers will obtain best results by carrying a manuscript through one handwritten and two triple spaced typewritten drafts, which allow plenty of space for reviaons between the lines, before making the final double-spaced typewritten copy that is submitted for publiation. The writer is judged solely by the quality of his finished product He should spare no elort in the revisions needed to make his manuscript as nearly perfect s possible 1 Organization and Consistency In the first revision gire attention to the order and development of the larger ·19 IDE THE NAXOS dhielone of the paper-the sections and pengraphs. The anter of the tope my Deed to be shifted, although the should not be pecarry if a well prepared nahal out Hinc has been foloved If the papa b loog, the first part myy bave to be rewritten to make it consistent with the Iru part Irrelevant parts should be clonloated. Important parts may be expanded, wd minos perts subordinated. 2. Soleners. In the port revision of the roagh draft of the manuaipe, focun ittention on the sentence. Many of there may need to be ressed because they may hare bere written hurledhy without much concern about de talk of form. Study od rcrite the xmenca in groups rather than singly Blake each group of sentences develop the couch less you wish to open. Set that the members of the group Hand in loglal relation to an another Achtere food argination of rolexes through areol Turbioa The following brief roles pagasts helpłal procedures () Um dort sentences, with moretage length of about 0 words, and a maximum length not exceeding 10 words (t typewritten lma) (b) Choose rentrace practure that require only empike punctumtion () Prefer to time the nece eletocno lo tbe Do mal ander mbject, rat, object (Prefer the wahe route of Tabu () Keep the emne pobjede Lod the same rolce md use parlle fracture libea strantatou, comitat a loose compound sentence (musting of tatements pued by end or be into 1 sentence with a rubordate danse 10 Transport displaced work, phone, a da ne (4) Imert connect and aber doce words to thony relation ·WarRO THE PAPER 10 Uke colorful words and rigorous turns of expresion 11 Use forcible comparisons or resemblances. In poco ulær articles and lectura occasionally use analogia, smilies, and metaphor 1. Introduce striking or unexpected statements, com trasts, and paradoxe. 15. Ask provocative questiona 14. Let the reader feel that he is doing his own think ing, not merely following Sumulate his isdaguration and give him a conse of achievemn CDL REVISING THE MANUSCRIPT After writing the first draft of your paper begin to revive It Revise several uma, keeping one pinapal object in mind ach time Learn to rewritt berteen che lines, and to make corrections, insertions, and transpout non according to the methode given on page 57 60 61 If there u dot enough space between the line for revision & coavenuent method to write the retired pamage on a asp of paper of page width and to staple thus to the margin of the Bukup page. Me pages oord not be copied unul they brve become crowded with com rections Most writers will obtain bel resulu by carrying a manukripe through one handwrities and ind triple stuced typewritten drafts, which allow plenty of space for revuions between die lines, before making the final double spared typewritten copy that is submiteed for pub lication. The miler is judged solely by the quality of há finsbed produc. He aliould spare no effort in the revisions aceded to make bis manuscript as nearly perlect » pouble. 1 Organisation and Consistory In the first reruion give aucntion to the order and development of the larges ·51 ATOLO TUI TOT 6. Coronttre Ghre spécol mention to Cette od of waiah be koreniertheless therefore shers, Elert mee braosse alihoort, if etc. 7 Euphory Retse to make the ondt plossing in found wheat bradood. Eliminate a potop of the bands aod moll words that byme. Reading the paper blood ntha sorts » a good way to and mom mpa of fun but peod to be certad Letworn Catred the ponctuation. (See page 65) • Shyle. Retoe nich spetal attention to typographical yle, puting tetna dut this colors to that of the fermalm wuch that papar beo be pahlahed. Coolstery in the use of apros odialis ad to the style of lead. stage chiental na marisaap potpored for the premta's toe. The planes annot be espected to depart from the role to touch the copy 10 Lamorary. Rod Grough the mantson arcally ordury for tuccatury or suggotados a stroncat, IL Langth of Paper A paper may need to be stortened * duided seer the lirate specified by the fourpal to stad is to be published. See scarlo o "Enconting de Length of the Printed Antide, page 2) A long paper for attoo be dinded into two apare short peper indtbexe suay be pablished repetat Cat should be ples broeru comte ad popar a opt, treating cor central topoc. If there are two or more topics basa pepet, bere cube topcal tuberbatas d the digte barge topic L2 Check List of Staxe Common Errors to rithy Llum 1. V autober - Kroated to an hoc Coocos babae ab de de Ilm ocala corset & beba bod oplice 7 Cunoapt boord ·50 WRITING THE PART (1) Correct weak or vague reference of pronouns to their antecedent 6) Correct dangling modifiers (participles, gerund phrases, absolute phrases, preposicional phrases, Infinite phrases, and ellipoal clauses) 3 Clearress. Revise sentences and paragraphs with spedal attention to clearicu. There should be only one possible meanng, and this should be easily underwood by the reader Find a good word or phrase to convey you idea. A weful test of clarity is to see whether the paper 4 undenandable when it is rend rapidly aloud. 4 Conciseness. As a rule, the first draft of a paper should be longer and more complete than the copy that will be offered for publicadon. Better results are usually obuained by condensing a long paper than by expanding a short one. In shortcung paper condense or clumloate the parts that are laust needed for clearness of presenta tion Strike out idle words (especially superfluous adjec uiven and adverbs) replace a phrase with a word, combine related sentences eliminate repetition of an idea. Omolt the obvious and the least foo portant Retain the essentials Impartial counsel b nalable in aiding you to decide what is extential In judging, put yourself in the place of the reader It takes moral Hrength to "blue penal choice phrases, sentences or paragraphs. But the results will justify the effort 5 Repetition. Eluminate unnecessary or awkward rep ctition of a word or phrase. Some common "repeaters in scientific articles are found showed reported studied concluded make use case it is there is thus i Saan the page, check the offenders with a red penal and then remove them. Sabstitute pronouns or synonyms, or pref crably rewrite the sentences Also eroid a suamdon of sentences of the same structure or length.

·51 Y TE VASOLT & Connectors Ghe special attention to concaires: nd of ponilerts but hatTT Bertheles, therefore then, where nice berrak dikough of the 7 Exphony Rotse to make the trude plong in pound bta ftsraad aboud Emmett a coowon of the are panck, od aroid words that thyme Reading the paper Blond racha dorty k a good way to and rulous typa o tratar seed to be corrected & ponctration Correct the puncton don See page 6L) Styk. Roroke with special attention to typographical Hyle, baking crtain that this concerns to that of the Journal mo which the papers to be pablished Conseriency In the more of capitals and italia and in the style of bad in hovedtial m 1 manuscript prepared for the prince's Boke. That printer empot be aspected to depart from the tube to color the cost 10 Aartcrory. Read through the manuscript carefully Trg hot curry or suggenoo o BARDEDL Il Larrth of Paper A papa may Deed to be shortened ordfryded to meet the litait specified by the Journal to which it to be pubthbed See section on Eatroating the Length of the Printed Article," part 62) Along pepercay often be dinded into two or more short papers zod there may be publkbed parately Core should be aten, borere to mate ac peper a anit, tolog one Tural lopre. If tbent ore tro at more tops to a pepo these to be logtaal gabdorisions of the single barte cople 12. Check Lit of Sone Contron Estors In Trung I long - Maroon itong apledomba 1 Lito de tu cuma Ludo doby det etence » Look Read out Tuot o daba od opletna 7 Coordde med his ·52 WRITIKT THE PAPER IL Inadawatt pretentation. 1 Ocabutan sa bportant topla 2 Faulty order of sections of passgepas. 3 Indaion of material to mong mention et permoph. lowplet development of 2 tople & Fallare to bepla a section or a paragrph with lopke tence mabing the key word as parate that indiano che rubject & Wat beglaning of eation are propript. 7 Incasion of clean, triral, or todlara detalha. & Pages that are dall o bard to read. 9 Fzlture to discoguish between the bow and well-know 10 Incegaute et phants or malerpretada cod condariah II Faulty diction and style I Long buitenca (bote aus 3 or typewrites lact) and complicated grammar or short, doppy warences (heath than in typewrition line) 2 Werk Kerk beginning strtog or weak or meanington word. %. Lad of clearach Kicace that requires reading to get the meania 1 Long compared paragraphs (more than % part of typer writtag) or hors, 1917 pangabis (hors than 3 set of typewriting 3. Wordles and pachdion-ballure to come directly to the point. o federal words rather thra definite words 7 Dul vaak of antisd aprangos. & Varrecerary repetidas of the same word of the same me terer atructure. Omarion connectra and ocha relatihan words, pedalhy is short tettes. 10 Vancumartly rociniaal bagnare or too many krag word to dagle Xtect PREPARING THE TYPEWRITTEN COPI 1 Copy for Typist. Copy for the typit should be dearly written in black ink or soft black penal. Its style abould ·55 NDALLPC II Tunier COTT coaforin in all details to that of the journal in which the paperb to be published Al the sheets should be at the same azt, and numbered in the oppa slight-bond CUDO 2 On ride of Paper lidte on only one sde of the paper I Flat. derer roll 2 mm monipt Keep it dat, or if Dery fald it 1 Paper Clamps. Fusten the sheets together with large paper camps, which on tully be remoted 5 Typruritten Jepokript. The mantenipt should be typeniten with machine baring cinn trpe and a fras well-inked black ribbon One should not risk baring the paper rejected beate the typing u dificult to read roman, taint, or blurred A typerder with pica characten (10 w tbe fouch) makes moch more lexible original mod arbon copia than one with elhe directen (12 to the tochlThe ope would be kept clean; the carbon peper whould be renewed frequently (after wing for not more than about eight parer ud the nbbon shonla be danged as soon as the anginal copy bermes percepubly Later than the copy made with fresh carbon paper Triple-padog badrantageoos in the prelimimry dulo of the mosaipt became it allons plenty of room la ton Doublexpecting abould be used througbout the final draft of the marmoripe including footnotes legends quouations, and Literature atatioot. Suglerpading is per mouble only where Decorary to make a table fit the perc White bood paper of landard are 0% by 1 inches) tood quality and 16 pound weight would be used lor the omul copy & Tomber of Copics Three typewritten copies of the mal draft of the manbaipt should only be made ·51 WITING THE PAZ The author should retain one fully corrected carbon copy The original copy (from the ribbon) should always be sent to the publisher ance i arbon copy is easily crused and may become illegible. Many journals require in addition to the original typewritten copy one or 0C arboni copia for examination by reviewer. For the con venience of the reviewers, these should be asy to read and handle. They may be made on slighuy thioner paper than that used for the original-ue. on 13-pound paperbut never on translucent, onfongkin paper 7 Dlargir. Lave a blank space of 2 inches above the dule on the first page, 1 inch at the top of the other pages, and 1 inch at the bottom of ach page Laare 2 blank margin of 144 inches at the left side of each page and about 1 inch at the nght side, but avold dividing words at the ends of lina Indent paragraphe 5 spaces. 8 Page Numbers. The page of typewritten copy should be numbered consecutively in the upper margin pref erably in the night-hand corner 9 Models of Style The author should make a careful study of the journal in which his article is to be publushed, uod he should prepare his copy so that it conforms to the best practice Olustrated by recent usues of the Journal Only carefully prepared, dearly typewritten manuscripts are acceptable 10 Directions for Prooft. The authors name and the address to which proofs are to be sent sbould be typewilden near the top of the first page of the manuscript and enclosed in a circle. 11 Title of the Paper The full due of the papa induding the authors name should be typewritten 2 incha from the top of the first page of the manuscript. The following umple shom a complete heading that may be modified to suit the style of almost any journal (The ·55 OAN TO TINUTU COTT pobor's complete will addres doald be printed in the paper po that readers will now where to state for reproti It is nog mavenfent u giren on the first page of the paper in the beading or in a footnote to the tale.) [Example of geatrul desdong) FLUENCE OF SULFOVALIDES ON GROWTH AND RESPIRATION A BACTERLA! Henry E Viller 200 John C Surat Department Bactelor Kolf Haticar Oy of Motor, hvad Muuda Reted her poble Art 12. 1956 Twardon IT odbord to Dz. Idmade for how to o tort the course of de nach 12 footmoles, Citations, Quotations Heading Tablet, Lapindt. See sportal directions for typenam Lootnotas (page 91), dtations (page 9) quotations (page 106), heading (perelli), tabios (page 118), und l foods (page 167) It is cucial that the manuscript be prepared to a way that will allow Cal composition ou a type retung machine, bich a mot coopore to doos of type mont operation. To parmi rapid work, the more II should be unanged to the material to be priard na mali mpe bon Kperate theets that may be alty it to true the shoot that bar ebe tal When the place for a cable clau quotation trading frse la s reached ba typonting a maomnolpe, the text wheet bould be removed from the mpcurleet and a Dew sbest should be inserted. Only the able & quouitoa ·56 wamNG THE PAPER page 91) bould be typewritten on thu skeet. The text should be conunued on a fresh sheet of paper Footnotes should not be typewritten with the test, but should be put on reperate sheets (w many footnoter * convenient being written on 2 sheet). These chects should be placed at the end of the text copy after the literature died. (Exception is cude wteen preparing a manuscript for submission to journals that require footnotes to be placed in the text See section on "Footnotes, The literature autions should also appear on a repa rate sheet The legends, or titles, of plates and figure should be typewritten in pumcrical order on one or more sheets and there should be placed after the footnotes. 1 Title for Running Rendlines. A condensed title of 85 letters or low should be given by the author for the running headlines of the pages. This should be placed on 1 separate sheet at the end of the m3Audript. CORRECTING THE TYPEWRITTEN COPY I Checking After the manuscript has been typed, the author should read the typewritten copy for error. All table, figures, bares, quotations and decians in the copy must be verified by comparison with the original manuscript A convenient mechod of chicottag # to have another person slowly read aloud from the original while you follow and correct the typewritten py Asume that aron are procent find and correct thom The responsibility for uncorrected errors in figures, names, dations, and quotations rests courely with the author riace the publiher has no means of discovering such of ron. It is caual to lave them for ouo to discorer alter the paper has been published 2. Indicating Sportal Characters. The typewriaen man ·57 nut TT thu tu msalpi must be dear to the typesetter who b noc i den that Symbole ilgos, superkaipt letion and figures, etc. mmt be unmistakable. Tbe symbol "CT (for chlorine) most be marked with hindwritten m above It to abow that it b potºci if the typewriter mes the time ymbol for both the letter "T and the figure "1" This should be dooc tren if the two symbob at almost kental La some type facer. The multiplation tign "x" must be plainly marked or the words multiplladon tegn written in the margin, to distinguish it from the letter All but the slmplet mathematial expresion mot be carly patated by hand. Greek letters or other unusual caracters should be clearly written and, I decemary emplained by murgloa! Dota. llnite OK - typed above a word that might be regarded u mistyped. An ordinary dinh (era desb) thould be typewritten as two bypbers, without space befort, betwett, or after them. If a hyphen occurring at the cod of typewritten line should be printed us a hyphe, mark ht COLLOCTION 1 Correction in Body of Verkript. If powdible, write corrections in the body of the manuscrips, not in the mar pio. If cofrections are written in the marzlo, it may be dlibcult to male necessary transpositions by cutting and paring Do not destroy begibility by wlung too many words beween the line. When it is necessary to FOODprod a long watence ou paragraph, typewrite the rest Bonapon a seperate alp of paper of page width, and parte this direcıly oret the saloo eritten (Suplo are more com calent than parte, but they should never be used to the draft seat to the pelater) 2. Correction Horizonte. Il rite corections bodootatly on be Page ·66 WRITING THE PAPER should be typemitten on tha thect. The text should be continued on a trah zheet of paper Footnota should not be typewriten with the text, but should be put on separate sheets (as many footnota as convenient being written on a sheet). These thecu should be placed at the end of the text copy after the literature ated. (Excepuon u made khen preparing a manuscript for rubmuton to journals that require footnotes to be placed in the text See section on "Footnota," page 91 ) The literature atations should also appear on a kpa rate sheet The legends, or uta, of plates and figuro should be typewritten in oumtial order on one or more sheet and there should be placed after the footnotes. V Title for Running Readlines. A condensed uitle of 85 letten or los should be given by the author for ube running headlines of the pages. Thus should be placed on a separate sheet at the end of the manuscript CORRICTING THE TYPEWRITTEN COPY 1 Checking After the manuscript has been typed, the author should read the typewritten copy for eton. All table, figures, names, quotations and douons in the copy must be verifed by comparson with the origłoal manuscript A convenient method of checking b to have another person slowly read aloud from the onginal while you follow and correct the typewritten copy Annue that eTON are present find and corred thein. The responsibility for uncorrected errors jo figures, names dauons, and quotations du murely with the author slace the publisher has no means of discotenng wucher rork It is tatal to leart them for crida to discover after the paper has been published 2 Indicating Special Characters The typewillen man ·59 QUITE THE MUIR Qr 1 ltalk Capital Foue impo under a letto or word indsate printing in ITALC CAPITAL type 14 Capital. Thrte lipa mdet letter of Ford fodlate prrattata ROXAS CAPITAL type 15 Sold Captialt Two lpa under a letter of word bolicae priming in BALL CAPITAL Tp. 16. Ipalice Odc nagtut loc under a later or word indvaro ploungin talk type. IT Bold face One wary line onda a letter at word to daates proting in boldlaced type DUODU L. Brief Truxit. To mert ode word or a ler words, write them above the line and indicate the place for their inso Hon by a aret (A) placed below the loc. 2 Logo Iwxtt. To ment a part of everal o many Loos in a part of the mamcipe, thus method of cattlog tod parumny s TCCOUNnended. Il me the partage og 1 fresh pecce of paper of past width Cut the countscript page u the place bere the intention is to be made; unnge the materal in the proper sequence, with the suplus roing oo a or parts and paste the pieces of paper on fullard wert Gnc tbe added mansalp page an Interpolated Gamber For emple, if it lollow page 10, gure it the Amader "104" at the bottom of page 10 vite Follow with per 101 od odoxe thh Doce In a code. If xonal additonal pages are required, Dumbo tbox "104,- IOB 10 stc Adoubt metbod that may be tied to the following: 11n the pasige on 2 Xperite dip of paper of page ndih Hut th's slip Imet" md draw a crcle trouod the parte lo be morgin of the wintscript page witte "LetĄ, raaide troond it, and from the greke mi lot to saret at the place what the marina b ·58 WRITING THE PAPER 3 Corrections Above Lane Place the corrections in the space above the line to wbich they apply so that the printer will see them before he reaches the words concerned # Concellation. To antela yond or a sentenar draws horizontal line through it. To cancel a single letter draw a vertical line through it. 5 Restoration. To restore ford that has been conced by maulake rewrite the word abore the one you hare att celed, or make a series of dots under the ward and white Sret" in the margin. 6 Substitution. To replace one word by another cancel the finat word by dramog a horizoncal line through it and write the Dom word immediately above Neves write the now word directly upon the first 7 Induating a paragraph. When a nord should begis a new paragraph, place the sign umwediately before the word. 8 Canceling a Paragraph. To anoel a paragraph dni sion while "Noy in the margo, and draw "TUA40" line from the indenied word to the last of the preceding HT sence 9 Period. A period masy be indicated clearly by enclos ing it in a small airde 10 Space Between Yords To reparare iwo words that hare been written together draw a thin rertical line be tween them II Conceling Space Beturex Mords. To indicate chac no words are to be brought together connect the bry means of hallardo above and below theon. (For example Footnote.) 12 Reduction of Capital Letter To indicate thata api 1 letrer thould be printed as a small flonet-case) leader drasy through it alght oblique luke sloping downward from right to lell ·59 COLECTRO THE TYRIMMD Com 13 Itek Cspads For llog under letter or word Indiate finding in ITALIC CAPITAL type 14 Capitale Three Upes under letter of word indiate printing in ROBIAN CAPITAL typt. I snall Caplies. Two lines under a letter or word indicate printing in ALL CAPITAL type 16. ldios One Aralight lint unde a letter or word to datos prmung in stalus type 17 Boldfart One nary linc uader i lettor or word in dlato prating in bolluced type DODONG 1 Brief Inatts. To Inset one word or a few months, white eben about the lloc and Indiate the place for ther immer coobyn aaret (w) placed below the line. 2. Longer Imants. To insett a parage of several of many was in a page of the manuscriptbbs Dethod of cutting and paying 4 recommended. Write the page on a fresh piece of paper of page width Cut the musclpt page at the place wbere the mention is to be made, Itange the material in the proper sequence, with the suplia golog on a new page and paste the picca o paper on fabatzed bert. Glre the added mansaript page an interpolated Queber For comple, if I color page 10, gire ht the nonba 10A at the bottom of page 10 wire Follow with part 104, and endlose this note in sarcle. It keren) add choral paga ut required, number there "10A," 10B 10C, etc. Another method that may be med is the follolog linie the post on 1 pente lp of paper of page width Mok the potentiod draw a dicke around the paxag, 19 the morgin of the mantsolp page write "Imett" danck trotud tud tunn be dide dar a lune lo i art at the place where the imortion la ·60 WTWO THIS PARD to be made. Paste the slip to the mangia of the page. See eral inserts in the ane page are marked "Insert A." "In kert B* "Touert" etc II fulltired sheets are used, instead of ulps of paper g70€ them interpolated page numberk following the manuscript page. TRANSPOSMONS 1 Transposition by Contellation and Insertion. The simplest way to transpose one word or a few words us to ancel them, and then write them in their nede poatlon above the line with the place for their inkruon india sed by a caret (1) placed below the line 2. Transposition on the Sans Page To ladiare trias position of a peorge to a different place on the same page dowa cicle around the passage, ad trom die drde draw a line to the margro and continue the line to a cret at the new place. 3 Transposition from One Page to another The best way to transpose a passage to another page 8 to cut the manicipt, arrange the material in the desired sequence, and paste the piece of paper on full tired sheet. Then, of Decorary renumber the pages. An alternauve method is the following Suppose the passage is to be transposed from page 15 to page 14 Draw * arce around the panage on page 15 and while in the margla " A top 14 " In the murgis of page 14 write " A from p. 15 drzwa arde around this note and Irom the arcie draw a line to 2 oret at the deurd place for the passage Other mospositions to page 14 are designated "B," "C" etc LINUNDOUINC PACKS 1 Concutive Page Numbers The methods gren a borre refer to losertions and transposidons made in the preliminary draft of an article ·61 ab TE MOUTDY COTT Before the mannpt u submitted to an editor or sent to e proter all the pretiumwt be is proper sequence or fuhred theets that pe numbered correctleh, 2 Cutting and rating Any Insertions or mampodtions that are decorary should be made by caring, rematory and posing on fu dized sheeth. It ! DOL DEPORTy to hate all the short filled with typewriting. The pages aboold be renumbered by anceling the original numbers and wnuing the new embert near the conceled one. There bould be no interpolated page numberi (sach o 71. etc) TRUL UYDU 1 Fbetched Verumtipl. The ruker k a peord co make all final serialons in die typeniten manuskript Correcthoms con nothing if they are made la the manmope, but ulterations in the proofs are Tory experesire and are bely 10 fatrodoce Incomatendo and Dow tror 2 PowBK Corrections. A mampaript in which there are no corrections ofta adicata a areia anthor If the charro e Dot too many and art made dealy it will not be becamy to retype the pages 3 Order of Material. Refore coding som multip to a publisher be sure to but all put in the proper order outlined belor Author's Dapke od dros to which proog are to be CDL Tiuit, de o soubor lootnote to doke. Textarlal (adicable and cont bay quotation co a pante peset Literatur dle (on a aparato page) FODOS (on a reparate part Legends for Maserations (o separate page) Condtoed ulike 35 letttis orla (an a Kperate rent) Coty lot ihastration ·62 WUTING THE PAPA ESTILLATING THE LENGTH OF THE PRINTED ARTICLE 1 Formula and Method. An accurate astunate of the length of the text of the printed adde can be made by means of the following ample formula. Number of printed pages = Chincter per MS lino X Lino per les pare x Pages of Chandos per proted line x Lao per printed pere Lettera, pundation marks, and spaces between words are counted a character. Short ling at enda of paragrapho 2re counted a full lunch. For exampic suppose that the manuscript has an arer age of 63 characten per line 10 average of 27 imos per page, and a length of 25 pages and that the printed page hus an average of 52 characten per line and hus 124 lines per page X 27 X 23 Number of prated paros - = 6.1 52 x 124 Allowance must be made for the space to be occupied by tables and illustrations. This may be difficult to enti mate accurately If center badings are numerow, they must be taken into account alo. The space required for a legend may be alculated in a umilar manner by taking into account the number of character per llze of ruch material and the number of lines per vertial inch on the printed page. (See also part 125 ) This method of atimating the length of printed materal u cat and much more accurate than any method upon word COUDL Words vary in Jeogth from "4" or ifto "nitrobenzenoulfonamides" So the number of words per lloc is much more nuntable than the number of ·69 OO mn character Character count the basis of the spotem ned bo petosers for caps Soing 2. Chander Cound in Tsprating The Menge Aber of cances (incoding blank spaces) per mantap fide bobtained fallort (6) Menure the length in loco of the merge lme od nach of ten perts, (b) obtain the Brun of these measurements and (c) rulophy the mean by 10 for pla typeutidng or by 12 for lite typewriting (ll the mypewriting has unequal spacing of the charac multiply by the manage trumber per inch) The merage number of lines to the page to determined by counts oude no representative pages Double-spaced typewriting has 3 line to the back, for both pla id elite. Aourite estimation of typewriuen ratoil i La bated by a rolet Secretary), obcalmble at madoncry korea, which has ales that care dorechy the ormbetol plan or de darstens per hoc and the oumber of line per part Cherarter Come to Priny Obuala the merge number of characters per poated line a follows (*) Count the number of anamn flettor, panatatlan marts, and space between word) in exces of ten till lido picked u random to the Journal mo which you artide k to be published and (b) obtain the men of these mombers. The notaba printed lines per page b determiped by 1 count macke on a full page. KINDS OF TYPE Roman Tbc Wared, Terial type to pool me ballo roton There are three kinds of roman ipa () CAPITALS (ap), which to be indicated in the mam kalp bydrae three under the road oletta to be aplalund, (b) Du ans (aptal eticas about half a biztosapa Akta may be indicated in the manat ·62 WRITING THE PAF ESTIMATING THE LENGTE OF THE PRINTED ARTICLE 1 Formulo and plethod. An accurate estimate of the length of the text of the proted artide ao be made by means of the following umple formula Number of printed pages = Chancen per MS Une X Lino por 113 pero x Page of MS Charade per printed Line X Lioes per printed page Letter, punctuation marks, and spaces between words are counted as characters. Short lines ut ends of pangraphe are counted as full una. For example soppose that the manuscript has an aver age of 63 character per line, an average of 27 lines per page, and a length of 25 pages and that the printed page has an average of 52 chancen per line and has 124 lines per page X 17 X 23 Namber o ponte peros - - 61 S1 X 124 Allowance must be made for the space to be occupled by tabla and blustrations. This may be difficult to exti mute accurately If center headings are numerous, they must be taken into account also. The space required for a legend may be alculated in a rimlar manner by aking loto account the number of characten per hot of such material and the number of Ilne per vertical lach on the printed page. (See also post 125 ) This method of aumaung the length of printed male Hal is custer and much more accurate than any method bued upon word count Wards vary in length from *** OT "ir" to "altrobenzenesulfonamidas. So the number of words per line is much more variable than the number of ·63 MS OF ritem toca charretan Character count the best of the by pronten lor copy fitting 2. Chender Cound In Typeatiting The merge PurDber of dancters (including blank spaces) per muntaripe line lobtained as follows(a) leasure the largth in inches ol the trenge me op ach of ten pages; (b) obaln abe mem d these measurements, ad ( multiply the men by 10 for pla typewntbog or by 12 for dite typewriting (11 the typewritrog hos umequal pacing of the characts multiply by de Torge number per moch) The Terge number of lina to the page b determined by courts made on representatte page Doublepaced typewriting hassle to the lock, Lor borb pia wd allte. Accurate estimation of typenditten material b Ludili tated by a ruker (Seneca Secretary), obtaimable at madhoo Gry Horch, which has contos that measure directly the on ber of plan or dive durretan pos Hire and the aumber of lipo per part » Cheater Cound the Printing Obato the merge trumber of character per printed loc o follow (4) Count the number of characters fletter, pascuadoo marts, and space between words) to each of less fall loos picted ut ruodon in the journal in which your article to be pobibed, and (b) obtain the mean al there nom bers. The number of printed Locs per page be determined by a count made on a full page KLXDS OF TYTE I Row The 14 faced, animal pe bi gonal be baled roman. There the three kinds of rotna type: (a) CAPITALS (capabila may be indlated to the matt mahpt by drming three loa tudatbe vodor letter to be aptalled, (b) DUALE ans (apital letters about half u Wau cape). bich sury be badard in the mantsolpe ·WING TILL FAME by drawing treo lina uader the letter of word, (loker ase letters (ordinary small letteri) A diagonal Ln_ may be drawn lightly through a capssal letter to indicate that is should be printed as a lorer-cue letter 2 Ilalis in italic type of italiat the letters slope wp toward the right To indiate stalic type, draw a single straight line under the letter word, or figure. If italy capitals are desired underscore seith four straight lines 3 Boldface Type with a conspicuous or heavy face is alled boldface or blackface. To indiate the type, under score with a wavy line. Iu principle uses are for hcadings in textbooks and for manges of new species of plants and animal. + Face and Body Aungle piece of type cont by a Mfototype machine is a stctangular block of melal with a las top that bears, in relief, letter or other character The upper or prinung surface of the raised cancer is the face, and the block bearing the character in the body The part of the lat top that projects beyond the base of the Mixed character s known 33 che shoulder A whole line is aut in one piece, or slag, by a Linotype macurie. $ Sites of Type The nute of the type u designated by che height of the rectangular top of the wallets body on which the face can be cust. The following exampla illostate common sizes us they appear when proced. The motto polas type Thiba lue lake is 6-pole type. This linc set la spoint type This line is set in 10-point type. Thus linc is it in li pornit type. Thus line u set in 12-poubt type.

·TTI 03 The molt employed in sites of type is the point, or yo fach. Thus 10 point type has a body 10 points (140 inch) hiph, and how a bace, or naked character slightly las in belght, so that there will be a ray small space between ibe patated lines. Ilben 10 pomt type is used in compoul thon with only this all space between the lines, it b pald to be xt "moda. Urunthy borove the ima ure spinated by the additional space provided by casting the type on a brer body In most wont 10 pomt type is an on a 12 point body The type o tben old to be 10 point type on 1' point body The book is printed in type of that dze, with cobaldizry matter in pott on 10-point and the Indas in point on 9 point Sdentific journals that here only one colocan a page usually comploy 10.potot type on 12 pont body or 11-polat on 15 polni, with mabaudiary matter (boombotes, les conds Literature atabonatables, etc.) et ln & point on 10-point. Joannab with a two columm Lormat art molly pelated to 9 point or 10 point type on 10 polot or ll point body with birdary material in &point on 9. połnt. Se Type Page. The ooit employed to metu to the width and height of the type page by termed a plic (abo alled complica a l'point cm)which eqmis 1343 or ( tach. This wait was originally based upon the width of the apical better of pica a 12 polot abre. Tires the type part of thin book b 344 toches ar 21 plas on width 34-1 = 21) end 5%, toda a 4 pica in belght (cm dodrog running badines) 7 Sporting the comis med 1 i unit for mentoring printed matter. In most tadırd type styles, me of 1-polet type 1: potata 04 Loch) vide (and ako 13 porod high), om of 10 point type k 10 points wide, id om of Spoiar type B & potats wide The on md baltos of the om te wed for lodentation ·66 WUITVO THE PATE and spadng, and also for exprebug the leogths of dashou An em quad u 2 block of type that is oncem in width. the ordinary dash (-) or em dah, is the width of an con quad. An on quad is half of the width of an em, and an e dash (-) used to separate page numbers in dation, is an en in width. 8 Specifications and Printing Complete speciations for a publication include the styles and sizes of type for tort, subsidiary matter tables, datons, badings, etc. the dimensons (in picas) of the type page (both induding and aduding running hads), the componuon or type setting, the proofreading the handling of Illustrations, the margins, the makerendy (preparadon for pnnang) the paper the press work for the number of copies required, the binding, the wrapping and malling, etc. The publbher ordinarily takes are of these details, but an editor ar bunness manager of a journal, or an author who u preparing copy directly for the printer needs to gire consider able attention to these matter. It is evident that many complicated factors are involved in the princiog procen. Close cooperation with the printer and proper prepara tion of the manuscript will effect significant Anog in printing couts without naifang legibilty or appearance.

·Chapter) GOOD FORM AND USAGE TESES 1 Experimental Fects. The perimental facts should be gren in the port teak (Far ermople: The plants grete better in A thin ba B. The dry weight tous girator in A than to B.) 2 Primentation. The remarks about the presentation of dan would be mainly in the present fonx (For example: Dogrims of dry yields are shown in figures. The stood column of table: reprorsus the dry weight of tope) 3 Disodonts of Resolt. Docupons of remlos may be to both the present and pod torta samgmg back and forth from the esperimental fou to the presentation (For Ourmple The big best dry weight u sbown for culture A hich seecated the greatest amount of the termoalum alt. This my Dean that the amount of otrogna adoled trat the determining condition for these experimenti) + Specific Conditions. Specific coacusions and deduc too sbould be stated in the past tense because thi al empus the special conditions of the particular espera rends and nodi confusing speural conclusions with geo- Calooc (For Quimpic Rice pre better made the other coodhod a dar tests, when immonium mihi tras added to the rol. Do not my Ric grows better ben - moolam pollate added to the soil) 5 Genced Truths llena goral rmh b mentioned, it should, d come, be stated to the present lense Lost ally general trathi without the diebtoo. For a umpk, oo may my Blany yemma, dietos xet Coo- ·66 WUTING THE PAYE and spadng, and also for expressing the lengths of dashes An em quad is a block of type that a one e in width, the ordinary dash (-) or em dash, is the width of an em quad. An en quad u half of the width of an em, and an en daib (-) used to separate page numbers in atations, an cn in width. 8 Specifications and Printing Complete specifications for a publicauon include the styles and does of type for tot, subsidiary matter tables, stations, headings, etc the dimensions (In picas) of the type page (both including and excluding running heads) the composiuon or type setting, the proofreading, the handling of illustrations, the margins, the make-ready (preparation for printing), the press work for the number of copla required, the binding the wrapping and mailing, etc. The publüher ordinarily takos care of these details, but an editor or buunes manager of a journal, or an author who is pecparing copy directly for the printer needs to give consider able attention to these matters. It is cvident that many complicated factors are involved in the prating process Close cooperation with the printer and proper prepara tion of the manuscript will effect significant savings in printing costs without aclfiang legibility or appearance. paper the ·ruKOTUATIO cally related wtatements, they give a compácuo bucale tas parlad, and to retard reading The trend in content willing is coward almost complete eliminadon of ront @laca. Use a period of 1 Ketioloo-prelerably a perlod after * Halement followed by one introduced by a conjunctire adverb, soch a kostet ger mil repertheless so that fore conuequeatty accordmety hence DOTCOORT also w litrese furthermore the indeed otherture The moletko dla dorthc probiona doa me dore comptat tt spore et problem Morrer cas held oliden uke pombe wncos Bodber -CEL doo Since the looger conjunctire adierbs tend to gire a mhet Lorral style, Dout whers use them only paring! and crually preta to place thom, encloved in cotoras, in the soldate olentonca obry olot pro ronda dom bermos de pano de combate L ay playalal by Aherchere a be mprehted by Sonda methalal que wa - T Haber Acolo a prelerable to a semicolon or a period u the cod of a rutement whilch formally points to one thar follow 2. Coordinate statement. Alman put a comma, a kol. color, or persod-sually a ton before an indepeod e natement containing sobject and prediate) intra dored by one of the pure coordinating wajibalonund but for OT NOT snow abon temprodonat ve med Aula depend other diport-Ject Lt The Kids pas decorola mothy Bautis Kop me be Derry w odbyw prepared to receive for -Takt Home Reprinted by parenta troa Science Dignit ·68 GOOD FOR AND BAGE vinced that malaria w aused by a germ cared by a certain pedies of mosquito " Welleaablushed principles of math. cabo, phyria and chemutry should be put in the pret ent tense PUNCTUATION? Good punctuation en aid in achieving clarity and emphasis in widog Punctuation should follow antet wage and should be uniforms throughout an artide. It is better to learn to apply a few simple rules than to puzzle over each case as a separate problem. Punctuaron then becomes almost automatic. The occasional perplexing care Is bent treated by putting the sentence laco a loro cheat requires only simple punquauon to make it meaning immediately clear The following general rules of putu tuxuon are most frequently applied 1 End Punctution. Put a period, a semicolon, or a colon-usually a period at the end of a complete declara tive tualement containing subject and predicte). Apa riod u dever incorrect, but in some Que a xenscolon or a colon helps to indicate relauon between scatenenth A semicolon may sometuma be used to advanuge at the end of a short statement that s followed by a dosely re lated statement of similar length. Sclerce and the unu in diferent ways pume contron cout, they are express of man court to bring order tod beauty and cadet funding into b5 life. Trans* Divers Iright to imagination are needed to forcolate probable by potheer loglal and sometimo mathematial poma a becked to declare ther conqueces palletre, permanece od oporuku! still are needed to fou thets ralidity - IT c Damper farthen. Although semicolons provide a means of grouping logo Alo con the books by Perrin (1950) Sony (1919), and Woolley (1905) ·71 QUATTOO 13:00 ne ane pytal metre Into plug any do bes, we too cube indbodity orta me I time to con you Berdiri Curry The betytor orto be the wall about me bacoorplete pull they bone bron proved to bite the concepute to the world of hic - Job Tyder et trou drea becaurla Deriche 5 Relatar Clandes Abadestrictine relative danse ta Dotowenth to the meaning of the racce It should always be tout commn. Anotretire relatire une bo central to the puoing It should never be ret of by coorms Rchattre danes ure generally introduced by the chick cho ar ekose (any wnios preler that to which lot rexnatte rehathe dawez) The best ha toonit te druse la reading the statement If it an becomed wlubout changing the meaning of the statement, a b Dorttire and should be ret of by 0001 mutt focat dot the more coBection of batt, da me babately pancroci od mandy orterely beat de trept the bar bande des bons to the pattern - Hid red Roth Thonophyma that comb womed by a ndolom we team prors amb un cowada-royo Bwth. 1 Errorrow metion Ulei Corota ora dnh to pm nie two parts of a Kilence that might be Croneonly pred mradoy. For comple, the mod by i com un mtrodactory phrase that contains arab in some form, Pichon infintire a punidpk.

·70 GOOD FORT AND WAGE If either of the statements joined by the conjunction be complex and contains commas within itsell, a venicalon or a period should be used-2 period if the statements are long period u required if it is doirable or logically necesary to bare the statement introduced by the con junction stand out dutinctly from the precedlog #ate mont Falk Bucus are highly ladrior to the progrew of dance, for the often enduro long. But fibe rews, I rupported by come erldcoct. do little harm, lor crery one ula ialaun pleznure la pron log their hone. -Charles Darwi. Of all the servints of morality scence b the greatest for #S the one verloo way we have to decorer wat menure det to lad to the raladon ol the ends we chaith. -W R Druc. The lenght should not be a more techoldan he mut be a whic member of codety or an eodety be ret fulded by men who T goormat of those alterta for reaching sound condusions that not the cence of cance - A Mildebrand 3 Series of Coordinate Elements. A comma should precode and in a series of coordinate element ruch us a, b and c in which the elements may be words or phrases. The acadac method require al lo pratitioners high mandards o perronal honcsty open-mindedoor, Locubed baloa, and lone of the truth. -Women IYacper Adocrblal Claues. Always put a comme after an ad verbul date that precedas ios priaapal cause. Dar seper ndon by a comma is usually unnecessary when the ad. verbul clause follows the principal danse Adverbial clauses are introduced by when while before after until where because since if unles although though etc. Conn med Upul mo ba no more carlodty and DO BOTE nao ha quent lor koowledge will partia and the applloution of thu koorledge w! coatta -CLE AC

·No text on this page.

·70 COO FORU AND ACE If other of the statements joined by the conjunction complex and contains commas within itself, a semicolon or a period should be used-a period of the statements are long a period u required if it desirable or logically necessary to have the statement introduced by the con junction stand out distinctly from the preceding state ment False facts are highly injorlons to the program of science, for they often endure long. But fake view of rapported by some evidence do Hetke harm for every one talan lutary plexrare in proumyther falacnah. -Charla Darwin. Of all the coming of morality dence to the geniet for le bo the one krlow way we have to dlacoter what means are dont to led to the reallation of the code we dath-TP R Dino. The scientit should not be a mere techoldan he mont be whe member of society Nor aan sodety be well gulded by men who are ignorant of those alala for reaching sound concluion that are the emece al science, - H Hildebrand. 3 Series of Coordinate Elements. A corama should precede and in a seria of coordinate clements such as a b and c in which the clemenus may be words or phrases. The doubc method requtras of lo practitionen hiph sandards of personal booty open mindednas, bocused stalon and love of the truth. -Yarm 17 YT + Adoerblal Clauses Alwan put a comma aller en advarbial cause that precedos iu prindpal clause. But sepa ration by a comma es wually unnecessary when the ad verblal cause follows the principal cause. Adrerbla] causa ure Introduced by whon while before after until where because since if unless although though etc. Comme Beceram Unul man ha no more curious id no more mond, hb quant for Lowledge 1l perlat nd the upptation of that knowledge will cadne.-C. E. L. Alres ·tanat 73 WWE o panlal na Eto ukh Por do tant centre badito itawk doet me front The bottob der wall to the hooker Cory bre bere fed om daar toerperd b the wood bct. --Tre Yrtt Ducu Bebola Det 5 Relattre aux & Daero tolthe relative case b Dotomotol to be manbag the internet asbould at Ym be it of room Arotructure relate Chorb ucpal to be meam abould other be set of by cocon Route de Federaly moroduced by What thick rho a chose (any writo prder that to rhich Las restant rebome dates.) The ten to in the dizem reading the statemcal If an be and without change the meaning of the oceat, & nontot tire and should be at o curl HAS DO wat dit dhe mby ECOS od Dach custod bat be top of the bus and coor God berts et porte- Cl- TLSundtotyd be returned by pod neulat ut port Indbo di SAL-rot 6. Emo Jotion Create and to aps. rise two pers of a munce the ba be otwoord bordaring Farmapk, ahmoty i choma an introductory praxe hut optats a seb in noform, datasett az pridple.

·70 GOOD TORM AND USAGE If either of the statement joined by the conjunction complex and contains comuus within itself a semicolon or a period should be used a period if the statements are long A period is required if it is dairablc or logically noorary to have the interent introduced by the con junction stand out distinctly from the preceding saate Dent Fale facts are highly injurious to the propten of dance, for the oftar endure loog But tabe view, I upported by more creences do lake hirm, Lor cresy ooc pako i Aloury piensare to proring their fabeto. -Chola Demi of all the renon al morality edence to the greatest; for it to che ore serious way we have to dlacote wat ons are kickat to lead to the realbadan of the ends we chetlab. -1R DINI. The cleathst should not be a mere cecboldao he must be a whe Diomber of rodety Nor an eodety be well gulded by poon who C ponant of those alteria for racing sound condodons that are the chance of adence-Bildebrand, 3 Series of Coordinate Elements, A common should procede and in a series of coordinate elements such a b and c in which the clements may be words or phrases The dedic method requires lo pratitioners high standarde open cul boocky open modene factwed malog, end lore of the truth. -- an art 4 Adverbial Claues. Always put a comma after an ad verbial clause that precedo its priapal cause. But kepa muon by a comma is usually unnecessary when the ad verbial dause collows the priadpal cause. Adverbial clauses are latroduced by when while before after until where because nince of urla although though etc. Coona mnom Unul man has no more alaalty and no more wat hy quot for knowledge will pork and the appliation of that toowledge will contave, C.E. I Nag ·CANTAL 73 2. IT orde Dented from Proper owu. Be tonsbacut in the apaliation of words desired from proper poum The words rolt ampere fored ohm coulomb ind ratt should not be apitalized. It is better to apitalist lodra Erk, Peru green Proprian blor plaster of Patu Bordeaux buttore Follow comefstrotly a single dialovary prefer ably Irebuter's Ic Inteuionel Drctionary or Tebster's Aro Collegiate Drachionsty I Joe futured Products Capitalıt the significant parts of the prime of a manofactured prodact. (For e mpte Party glas, Celloplas membrane, Amberlhc ratn) 1 Ford Torde. Begin with a capital a sentence, a coor plete putere derrosh qoced, a kind of a tablet or an Potracho, 1 center rubheading, a perngrapha ride head log, or a topic in a table of potent. I Titless Publiector i Text. In the text, apitalize all tportant words in alles of books and perlodlab od to utles of chapter io books and a mida la periodicals (For example: Chapter VII of Clarks The Deletes metres of Hydrogen loms ho entitled Theory of the Hydrogea Electrode. An auck na "Cobalt and Nidad la Soll and Plant appeared to Soul Science) In lootoate datons and in lots of lortuyt diund apitalize only the big word and proper rotus Lo English titla of books and of artida in periodtab (page 932 Strafo nons, In botmical and woologlal work aptalize the cenuhic trama o mar, fubic, orders CAC, Abdisions and diridom o plants and tabak (For compte Tnurun Graminert, Glomidors, Non coryledone, Angiospermas, spermatophyta) 7 Common los Dkthed from Scratif Act. Do not apitallit common name derired from socailte ·72 GOOD FOR AND ARZ With rourate aperlopent and obedian to work opos, fought Llom bertumas the abltea o porial theory -olm Tomar Meted birtorically it would reeds hul respect for leat ware ducolt for the human mind then the liceatloa of theories - Derinand Ruuell We dont receber that wanna get more oat of the extent olsad than we put into it, though we may be a fare la finely more ctul for our purposesHopelim.com Science bas prior to the pseuns either to cult or destack bomanity-perhape cree to destroy dulllation --HI Guerrikom Inderpolated Elements. Enclore LB Coran, dathes, or parenthese as interpolused element that would male the meaning of the seulence obscure if so punctuaci Were wice No neatbat, boreret great the Tow can malad bi Donne chentalt for longer than it uka co diect an other com ar valt his condatod and that consequenco ( fab It le keu thu coable u Bot only to and our way among the myriad fact or any one aren, bor eren, now and then, to the a Curvo karo seigt boring cestitory - H Hildebrand Lae the philosopher abe dientut required not to med to record the way things luppen a tre gogon * to decide op de merio of diformi w of intaking abot bok song -Serpen Tori. CAPITALS The subject of apitalization is difficult to handle wich definute rules, but capital should be used according to 3 uniform style throughout a single artide for this SEASON a special revision of the manuscripx should be made mich the aim of making capitalization unscort I Proper Nouns Capsualize a propos soun designating en indiridual person or shing Abo apical.oc a derivative of a proper noun If the derintive retains close agation with the proper Down ·73 tot when reence I made to roch osplanatory lettel Freuple of good of darts. Fig. 1. Diagramatic Com reaction of coconut plana, lina AB and AC repte menticy tbe two pione whop, hinged to the midrib at A) 3 Carti and Species lobe text of baantal, bec talologial, woologlal, od geolopal work, Itaildze Identific names of genome species, tad ruleties, and of repet alone [Fæ sumple Phasohe lumtur AB sprentton Linn. r. e (Blanco) Teoch, Escherichia colo t'hytophthora) Bm do not waldre Dame of dises anders, and frmille Tibo ed un litrature doulons, indexel, abla, md othes, dentific mamos me nally got luulideed. Many moologlal publications do not lolldire Kierulf namo to when used in the int Common Neon Derford from Scientific arcs Do mot allctre common mas dend from scientific mama of plano and animale (For Quimple: unaoeba, angiosperme bola, bacterium, paramedue procoroan, streptocood) 5 Boodo sond Priodicals. Italioz niles of books parto phabet, and persodlaal when there appear in the text (For example: Fieser 2nd Flexer i Orgonte Chemistry) la footpote ataslom od in lists of Horatore ated, much ula are panth, pot fubdued 6 Subditions of Books and Parodiada, Uxe quota ton marts, pot italics, for dig ol dapten in boots or atlas of onde m paiodlab when there we go to the tou (For triple, Chapter 1 of lost and Rundt's lo OTTONK Chemistry deals with Nitrogen mod Is Oxidos and Sullidez da antick on "Absorption of Wao by Manto appeared to the Botanical Roto) In footnotes and in its of dations, it is custoony to te pelther allos por quotation matti 7 Artkls The word the oa bond be Illdred od ·74 GOOD FOR AND URACE names of plano and animals (For example umocba, 20- glasperre, bacillus) 8 Chemical and Medical Terms. Do not apitalize the nama of chemicals, medicina, diseases, and anatomial part 9 Table Figure Plate. Do not apitalıe table figure and plate unless this is the style of the journal for whidi you are wriung (For example: The results given in table 2 are shown as graphs in figure 3.) 10 Aliscellaneous Terms Do not apitalize such words as plot plai series class exhibit form group schedule section appendix station, etc, even when immediately followed by a figure or a capital lcrict except when the style of the journal ails for capital ITALICS Indicate lualic type in the manuscript by undalining with a single straight line the letten, words, or numerals that are to be italidzed. I Algebraic Symbols. Letters used as algebraic symbols should be italidzed (For exemple. Ar + By + C =0) For economy in composition of type, some publications iuali cire only the fullsized letten, not superxodpe letters. Nu merals abould not be calidzed. Subscript letters should unzally not be italiased. Letla symbols for unit of measurement should not be italidzed, cven whien used in mathemaual expressions (For example i ev = 1.601 X 10-30g) 2 Explanatory Letters in Nlustrations. Some journals prefer to use italıc or slani letters to designate poina, lunes objects, etc, in diagrams, drawings and graphs. Even if roman or veruial lettering used in the Illustration, ibalo should always be med in the legend and in the ·DI 77 ooc ball boos, ten instances, the mos) Jodgment mot bt aet died in that matter For bustance, bguros should be med in experimcanal data wert periods of time at defme and of Grequent occurrence. The corentint rules to spell out number wherever postbike Some Journals spell out only small gumbers thor under 10 ar unda 100 2. Convidency Be consistent throngbout the article in the sxe o figurek Do not apa wall Ambea ta words In oor parteraph and in figure in unohet ) Bryting of Sentence Attar bem a kemence wlib 1 figure. Rerise the sentence or II thila s tmposible, write the number to word 4 looding Corfwolon Spell oat abers I coafudon would be aused by the the office (For sample FT ttro 200-Wat Manda lamps) 5 References to Taba. Une figura to the text for all Dumber utta from abubar matter Jetric Syuteen. The tetric mtem of weight and IDEASUTA should useally be employed in deonic publ. arom. Where no costotary to wea Doronetric site, mengintot It may be devrable to pre petric tqurmalno in parentheses 7 dbbrendations. Untreully undontood abbestrations omietk erg bo and merre may be used a ubla ind to booxmore, and in the net when directly following brana lotnictric wit should really be spelled out acceptin engineating For a list of abbrobation and the rules for using them, me perc) L Tampere Temperaturo should be opened m Celckes (centigrade) degreta eurept wore it be customary 10 Dos Fahrenheit der The Employ figures for bom of the dry blog a tolon to sperite bours and mosta (Facomple: 7 L0L, 5.50 pm, 12, 12 pm) ·76 COOD FORN AND ACT apitalized when it begins the ide of a bock, but not when it begins the ude of a periodical. (For example Fluhei The Design of Expermeats An artide in the American Journal of Botany) & Technical Terms It la permisible to itslidre a letter of word to which specal attention is called. An unusual technical terme, requiring formal definidon, may be lali ceed the fint time it appear in an article. When an pression is regarded u qoored, it thould be enclosed in quotation marks. (For example: The term olmometru ir dex will be used in place of the expresion "evaporating power of the air my It is best to avond over-use of Kalia, capitals, and other special devices for emphasizing Ideas They often lead to an exaggeration of an idea or fact. If wed excessively they do not even give etasplash or dosundon 9 Chemical and Aledical Term Do not italicine the names of chemicals, medicines, Ancares, aad znatamaical parts (For example. Uranium hexafluoride Asuraqui none agropine, penicillis diabetes mellitus, esoplagros.) 10 Foreign Word's It usually ú belter not to fallaz Iorcign words (For example Intra vitam sainsog ceret paribos, ia medias res, in ritu, en masse cf. 167772, +12)) Some journals, however iulidze (oreign mands that harc not carte inio common ise in English. NUBBERS 1 General Us figures for all definite weighu, measure menes, peroenuages, and degrees of cemperature. (For ex ample 67 kg, 24 In, 136 ml 118*C) Spell out all ist definite and approximate periods of trac and all other numerals that are used in a general manner (For example. One hundred years ago, thirty jean old about two end ·XUNT 79 Fractios RIT conveniently indiated by meam of Depatirt aponent (For temple 73 x 10-) 17 Hd and Que Coropounds of kell and quarter phould be mitten with a hyphen (For emple Half tal quarter past. But Ope half was dried the otha was DOL) 11. Pa Cont. Omndon of a period alter per cent la Errored by most writen (Some Journals use the symbol to tablos or even in the text.) 19 Po ceni od Petronlage Do not u per cent for percentage. Per cont abould be preceded by a member (for example Three mahpes gure the following per cthtag of rugar 93-2, 93.1 ind 929 There was un toone of 15 per cent in production) 20 Bards for Percentage If there by pondbülty of mismodervanding, make dear the basis ned lor erosing porcentages. (For example: The plurna" 15 pt tol bico of alcobol in water correctly cara 5 grams of ulcobal in 100 grams of the rolution, but come witen me it to mem 5 ml of kota in 100 ml of the solution. Abo, lo reporting analyses of foods, plant and animal theach blood, alik, etc. Is cuential to spodh whether mouture-free Weight, fresh waghi, ar rolume b med us the basis for point) 21 Standard ESTOY or trobable Error Sate whether standard CTTO OT probable Tror metnt wben ma premion wcho 10-3 = 02 poa burol. 22. Pwel Ure the plural form when refening to a quindiyot mentinent of more thmone (Fortumple: About oot and cobali bilometer 144 Lache) i fylder ad Plund Formus of 'ebs When total quantity mdiated, the singular rob may be used (For Bumpte, lo permkloke to write To each culture 300 ml wolution was added.) But it is better to a ·78 COOD TORU AND U40L 10 Datas. Uk figures for day of the month, apelling out the name of the month and omitting d, th st. (For cumple On September 21 1956 in September 194. Put a comma after the year number unless it ends 1 sentence. A forma without punctuation h. 21 September 1956) Il Money Usc figura for sums of money wntten wich a dollar agn. (For exemple $15 65 $25 not $25 00 but definite precision sometimes requires the ux of dpbers at night of decimal) 12 Twenty-one to Ninety-nine Cardinal numbers from twenty-one to ninety-nns indusive, should be written with hyphens 13 Hyphens in Ordinal Numbers. Ordinal numbers should be joined with hyphens. (For example. Thirty fourth onc-hundred-and-eleventh.) 14 Comma in Figures. In tabular matter use a com. to seperate a number of four or more figures, grouping three units to the right. In the text omit a comma in 2 number containing four figurch 15 Large Numbers Large numbens may be indiated by a means of exponents. (For example 4.39x10° instead of 4,390 000) 16 Fractions Dedmal fractions should be employed in the metric system. Common fractions used in an indefinite manner ahould be spelled out joining the numcrator to the denominator with a hyphen (For example One-half of the balance two-thirds of the toidue about onc-tenth of this quinuty ) Ure figura for common fractions when dalgrating definite weights and measurement (For ex ample. Yo pipe) Large Indional expressions may be written with a slant line or solidus (29/3. Fractions that would require very large numbers in numerator or de- Dominator should be expressed deamaly Very small ·19 XD fractions et comeniently lodicated by means of negatire exponents. (For example: 7.5 x 10-) 5 Hafad Qwerter Compounds of hull and quortet should be written with a bypben. (For cumple: Hall tolk quarter past Bul One ball moned, the Obes vs DOC) 18. Per Cent. Ombron of a period alter per cent Caroted to tpost wilters (some lourpals use the symbol So tables at then to the tour) 19 Per cent and Pettendoge Do Do We per cent for percentage Per at would be preceded by 1 oomber (For cumple Thuret analyses gate the following per centage of eger 952 93.1 and 929 There was an io arhe ol 15 per cent la production) Basis for Percentage If there a pombillty of mith moderunding make dear the basis used for spray peruenigo. (For unple The phrase 25 per cent rola tion of alcobail water correctly means 5 grams of alcohol La 100 gram of the mailos but some writer com it to mean 5 ml of alcobalto 100 ml of the molation. Abg, los porting only od loods, plant and animal tastes, blood Pol, A., & Soul to specify whether moisture free weight, fresh weight, of rolone is used in the best for porcentaga) 21 Slandand ErToy Or Probable Error Soute betha makard CTTOY os probable TOT 8 Deant who prwlon excitou 103 02 o bowed 22. Pinal Use the plural fons when relation to a quantity or measurement o more than coc (Fot cumple: About one od pe ball tourter, 14 indies) U Sberula and Pim Formu of labs. When tool quandoy is indiated, the singular tab my be poed (For ampte, it is permbuable to write To and culture 300 ml { window addol) Bet it be better to recent ·GOOD FORBI AND USAGE the sentence and avoid the difficulty (For example: Exch culture received 300 ml of volution.) 24 dfathematical Expressions. To simplify proting reduce mathematial expressions to a single line when possible. Use a slant line of 2 negative exponent to rignify divuion and use fractional exponent instad of square root and cube-root agns. 25 Verification. The use of staigal or mathemathal formulas should be checked by a specialist in the field. Significant Figures. In publishing a computed number relain no more significant digits than are comanient with lux accuracy In statistical work the following rule is a useful guide In the publuhed constant, retas no figures beyond the position of the first ogruficant figure in one-third the standard error in all computations, keep two more places. (For example 129 – 3 not 129.2 31) 77 Roman Numerals. Where possible, avold the use of Roman numerals, since they are not readily understood. SYMBOLS (NAMES OR ABBREVIATIONS) FOR UNITS OF MEASUREMENT The symbols-mana or their abbreviations that are chosen for aniu of measurement thould be suitable for use in mathemaual equations in the ame minder * numerical symbols and letter symbols for quanulla. The rulo for selecting and wing unitsymbols should there Reprinted, with moldor capta, by permbulon of the author and poblbha from mortick lo sonce (Roller D 194 ICRC 120 1071-1930 See also the Amerkan Samodarda Asociation (1941) Abris tion for Schmi and Engineering Termind the special rules that Foron the pre d abbrerlattoos be the formal lo wild your paper I to be poblbhed ·TI O WIELUIDT fure be tattunbated according to wablahed matbematial procedures. Recommended mood for many unin o! Eront art pica in able 2 la fel, it be a good role to use only thout abbreria thons which you know are wed by areful writers in your Beld of once a technology and to contorm to tht style of the publianca in which your artide is to be pablkbed. With a In aceptions, the forums recommended bat urt those widely med. OCTA ar mou ro tri Rolo ve giren below for the sletilon o symbob for orts of the memcal. There rula odlitate a cola bt tween soenal cuponly wed symbols, and they provide bomb for the selection of a symbol bor. Dew unit. Ex apelons to the rules at made to the carmembols that are firmly establibbed by Dept. L. The abol should preferably contest of two or three letters and art nore than fort Thu Ta i preferable to T for Tamen destabilashed exceptions to this rale indude pana lor pum. lor Jouke mod for Matt. If the name of a volt carains only two a urte letter, this name, other than in abbrndon, should be used, exemplos ve bar "dry CC 70x" and cho 2 The mabol should preferabh consist of the first to Or Lrer latime of the rate of the art Thb Editutes recognition and pronuodadon, a to dye for me ho fat lomenand or for 'oetsted." Among the fruly established acepons to this mie ure " 14" t" by The wod There should preferably be only one abol for pertular ul. But I see detrable to reportemcod coralo sopro, o illustrated by the following a ·82 COOD FOR AND USAGL amples both "1" and emp" for "ampere, and "b" and "bel for "bel"—the a and "b" to be used only with combining forms, as in "m and db As the rule implies, the same symbol should be moed for both singular and plural forms thus "10 amp (not "10 amps) 4. Periods should be omitted from symbols An excep tion us "in, for "inch, alace omision of the period would often result in confusion. 5 The symbol for a combining form denoting e miluple or submultiple should be a angle letter Thus for "micro "M" for "mega and so on UTI IN PRINTED IT OT SYNDOLS TOR UNITY I Set the symbol for a unit in roman type (nol italic) 2 Use an abbreviated unitsymbol only when it (*) es preceded by a numencal value or (b) appears in head: ings of tables or in Crowded text in which cases the symbol us ciclosed in parentheses Thus *25 CO"several cent met" "volumes, in cubic centimeters rolimme (cm) "v (an) 3 Identify or explain any symbol that might not be immediately clear to the readers of the paper In soare cries it is advisable to do this in glossary in the in troduction to the article 4. Use standard signs to indicate all mathemaucal opera tions with unit gmbols Thos indicate (a) mulupliauon by : space, z center dog or even X (b) division by a solidw a negrare oponent, or the ordinary fralopal form (c) a porrer by a positive exponent, (d) a root by a fractional aponent or ✓ Tous dy an, "dy or eten dy x com "t/rec * "ft sec-1" or KEC ·WI) OF WTAUDIT TABLE 2 Shop na O. on ub sban, ahool Lanth LA . With preto rom - Expertexty atos, Look 1-1 Im-1.000 m atm, to k veytt att mophon, Mootord Roberts ber (10dy/com bol.10 heard harytaty/com ber ben Un pberdy/ 6 Vol10 10 Bitapetos dectrols Kuh probur db Aroblemour depronted 10 X 10 - 1-1336 bd berdoa Bha bi theme 3 be al BtoDF buco a Cory a pero Caudat (4) Cotopad ador) ht) C Sukabay abad Seat alto cc 100CF We de Cab d dalah! handed table, ett.

·84 GOOD FORM AND USAGE TABLE 2-Creme U o ODD TO nom ID QOIDA e Su Caldos Un parte TRI cm-hey cent-{-101 cotiendo centimeter fram mecood undt centimeter-of Atory centimeter-o-o! polectromagnetic unit op electrostatic and drcalar (d) coulomb count ahle code ma] cool coant Sub Sarat de mil (0.7854 mm coal/ cont/min Cool (DeTer con ft/vec с cycle с nec (hu) Oito wed with profitet: Es, are day day dec (10) doch (104) dorte (oftre) d Deprecated da, da dekhec (ar runty) dag daarco abrobato Ser dorea Kelile degi Rankie dara Beamt daree Celebs deteo Fuhrenheit degree Lehto degree Renkto dek(-10) dlopter ditulos dollar 0°C-32°F 32.000 (ka fod) 273.167 19109R Deprecated dhop dh del dh/es dh/my doar doitoo La tables, etc. dohr dy/cm d m (korpu) Amblywood deprecated dos dy dynt clectromyn the aft doctron (c) cuda .

·top OT WLANDET .5 TABLE 2- Create mwoon at to LT detroita in 1001 x 10 ordprtoated ot Tikrobanda ? ܨܚܗ ܬ t I F܂ Bir We pretutt Inc pret ble ta It-bum hollabot I-ality foot-pood-condot trad (100 ) 'n spelasty nth Deprecated, a Da, pod An-1-10 plat f1*11*{380 ? 12*1 hyoonyesha Or pid (10 ond Lodolid Heb pretensi له h po tokrat paly po oddat -D214 Hurtstoot do led (-10 Sus alery Se puke } I polegy Tout ce ka YhL ·84 GOOD FORM AND USAGE TABLE 2-C UT 02 ODOO TY bolos Muut a no с cm sw Celtas Ur gurinty om het cent- (-10-11 otprude centimeter frem Kecond unft codoreta-af wercay centlocta-of-all qaclectromagnetic tatt cp doctrostatic anit drcalar (w) couloob count cabic co-all copil Swaab Sa ciutat d-on] (=Q7334 ml coal/ Count/min Ctrl (atrer "co) ft/mec с Cyclo с /nechal Often toned with prefore ks, uc day day deat (-101 ded (-10-17 degree (en) d des Deprecated dh, der der/wc (ang nik) degret abaoluto Ser degree Karbo depree Runbag C derre Bedro degror Coding deres Fahrenheit daret Kelta depree Rankton deky (-101 dloptar dhbston dolor OC5*F 2.000°F (it point 773.167 491.07 R Deprtated diop dly dol $ des dhmes, des dollar dollow In ubes, etc des or dy/cody co Corpus Aobertows deprecated dotto dyno dectrompetk tot clatra (Cherry) ·im OT HOLLANDDT TABLE 2- nomes Der (-101 Suplara Suplico darondero (10) -10 W) 1 Got /ritt M, (pot" 0 105 1-10 1011 W Mallation lonec (nr. Wach) h tables, etc. Aga tertad tabla doctrico pocte amba lak Deletult yot (tox 1-10 wertool botou amorcere Sweaters a a D dina & creded dama, et pelo phas pepe P At pok pok, what pola (miy r/ pole ·86 COC TON AND ULARE TABLE 2-Cound TOT I QUIDDO OY OF OR 0 OPT herts (-/ves! borr porer hour lp ba mc(-) hp bir br/day Astroo tort and tabla. t.ee In-bg bu-all Inch betrof-mercury bach-al-al Joule Kdrio degree (hor Uforma) } Imole dos det k Um wben pot imbito. og/dkg brokcube kal, ker krok, Selloalory kal Ello(-109 Hllogtim-alory Hocalory ŁDogrud-mole Llomen (101) Homole Sw Homole Also ga kmole koot, bo kot hr En hr Su kloalory Lambert (-a/ram) Largo alory Hight year Time Ita It inc/ and It - with prefia. ] hehr att la Impe box (0/m") muppette polo mi porton See pole Sus Bohr tuprton M Arcy on Sa ten mm Vobm/m De drah mens moer (10) megamet (100) merohm (10 ohm! peto metor-andle (bus) beta-tomecood colt mbo but ba prdable Ure sparogly mbo mbo/com ·9 RUTO OT PLANTS AND AXDLAL RO Sky Tu Ty THE GREEK ALPHABET Alba 1 Lott Det C Lambda Dub Na Epla hy Iata 0 Oderon Theta II PL 2 15 CHI H 0. NASIES OF PLANTS AND ANTIALS FLANDS 1 Complett Non. A complexe plan baise should - dode the one of the gems (in ialla), the name of the species (in ialla). eod the abbreviated designation of the person wbo named the plant in roman type) (Far example: Orta xtion Lim.) It ta otro donnable to add the common Dame of the plant and in some are the mame of the family (both in roppan type) (For comple: Shore polympomat llat (ongeace) Dipteroorpanc Herilen mutattu Bok & Br (co-lite root), Pocento. If two others are involved, some anthorities preto the perund or a to and Unfortunately a plant may have received Kteral com moo id ceaius name Whart kantifoc mua dila to Handard of commonly mod works, ope b born and the Othen we trusted o ryDiary. I agony b atach wedto amorary to insert it in parenthera after the natpied pome. In un todos, scorpted nama are tally printed to town type and trous to italia. In tablos and in thes, mane ol gesien and species are ulty priated in roman type 2. Necesity of Scientific Not The scientific anos, In ddition to the common ma bould be grea when the plant is first mentioned in a pape Or nomas that ·88 GOOD FOR AND USAGE TABLE 2-Cound URIT al DOO ron moa Dan on ou ft pd. parce pouode] pubo qourt n.dhaa Rankle degree (lewe afera) Terolution pd paks gt rod K nd/ Bta/ R Ter rep/od, rer/vet (po und "pany ha corded tabla, etc) rod T por Hoe [1/polar) rod roenteen rond r-salt rotherford second (of anc) TOR Synonym for roentgan ਦੇ Tec In tablet, etc second (la) Abang y (32.174 Iba) Siegbubo unft Roll aulary DETT Astron tott and tabla: 10 sagitt (my) Synonym for 2-unit Se alory at Hatamp, stuccoal Depirated to a Het walan) tos -1001 thocmund (*109 too T k too LBto, It B vibration rolt nit Y web 19 vb/rec cool rolt cool ntt br whh perdira kw web/ 1.000 PA reba r-uolt nard ·WDS OF LANTS AND DEALS Rbo 14 IT THE GRETK ALPHABET Alpa 1 La P Beba Lapida Dar, NG T Ep Coo X Iata IX Lu 0 Ocalan Tha H 0. To pelo PUL CH L Ocorp NAJCES OF PLANTS AND ASTMALS PLAY I Complete an A complete plant name shonld to duke the meal the gent (in lola) dhe nume of the spedes (in italic) mod the abbreviared designation of the person who are the plant (la romp type) (For exemple: Orfa xtau Linn.) It is often deinble to add the cartoo mame of the plant, and a soudc cases the me al tbc bouilly (boch in room type). (For comple: Shores polipere Mere (tangule). Dipterocarpaceae; Hemina ruuatre Bert k Br (coilee rust). Pacolaboque. If two othon are involved, some authoridas prefer the amparand or a totod.) Unfortunately a plant my hart recerred to an moo and scientific amme. Whore cotific pama diliat in Rodard or commonly used works, ooc b chosen and the odhen ne tented as soon If a synonym i nach ed ut in customary to let it to parentheros after the karperd moe laatader, 2000pted mms are beatly printed in roman type and docums in iala la tablos und in othes, pues a four mod spedo int weally piloted to room type 2 Menity of Scientific Nou. The Kicaufic tmc, in ddition to the commOQ Dame, bould be prea when the plant b fine DEDDOD L a peper Utenos aut ·90 GOOD TORY AND WIAGE will be understood by foreigo reader. For example, Manihot utilissima u unitarlly understood by botaosti but the common name camoteng caboy would be w intelligible to readers in most part of the world. The scientific name may be endosed in parentheses after the common name (For examplc The experiment desa bed in the paper deal with the growth of rice (Orpm salmt Linn.)] 3 Use of Common Name. In paper dealing with agri culture, the scientific name of a well known plant need not be repeated. After the xdentific name hus been given opet, the plant may be referred to by its common name in the rest of the paper + Capitalkation. The generic name should be apt talized, but the speafic name should usually not be capi talized. There u good evthority ho prever for capiualizing names of species derived from generic numo, or from nama of perions. (For example Acer Negundo Usuolago Zeae Magnolia Soulangeana.) 5 Variety Name Caplalize the vernacular names of plant varieties (Yellow Dent corr, Binocal rice, Carabao mango New Era cowpeas) but not the latinized name of varietia (Lathyrus palustris Linn. var limeanfolius Ser ) ANDALS 1 Complete Nome In paper on soology of one of lus brancha, ruch us entomology name of animals should tually be given in a form umilar to that used for plant dames. (For example. Agromyze destructor Malloch (bean Ay), Family Agromyadae Order Diptera Bubalus bubolus Lyd. (anbao) Bondae Equw caballus Lion. (horse) Equidae.) Many zoologial publications, however do not ialıdze scientific pana ·91 ToonOT13 2. Ur of Coron None. llellknown Linda of animals may be referred to by their common man. The complete okentic we may be strea only at the beginning of the paper or It may be omitted entirely (For example Bet shire one, Hartford attk, horse, rabbit, rat, Barred Plymouth Kod fowb) FOOTNOTES 1 Reference Numbers in Trat. FootDeo pertaining to the tent should be numbered consecuthely (fron 1 mp) throughout each artide and indicated by mperraipt nomerak etc.). The reference nuwent to the footaott should be placed in the text after the word CT XALOCE to which the footnote refer. It is placed after ponctuation mart It Opc acum Indlate the paperscript namenal by apercebug Rabote thelleseed pladas e tabapod mark oder it. Ohce that these references apply to the teu ools tabulatione employ a kepane vetio of symbols or Papercrlpt lettere for each cable. If atheusdal formulas Conining append appear in the ter, are should be uten to mord coafutogespodentand lootnote reference Duben 2. Footholes at End of Monokilpk. Footnotes should box be in the body of the text, the text rould bare the referact wmben only Footnots would be typewritten double-paced on one or Pere *panute aberu ( many Lootnou obect u contealent). Each footnote should be bodensed us a perigraphand proceded by a muper Kripa aumeral corresponding to the reference number bort the body of the manuscript The wheed bealing foot soto should be par at the end of the tea copy each sheet bearing the word "Footnotes, taclosed to a dicke. This method 6 secary in order to ballonte como parte chas on the typecting machine ben printed, each ·92 COOD FON AND USUAL footnote will be inserted at the foot of the proper part Exception is made when a manuscript is being prepared for submlsion to a journal which requires that the foot notes be placed in the text of the manuscript In this case each footnote is inserted (double-spaced) in the lett, bc ginning a new line immediately folloptog the line of tat containing the reference numeral, and the footnote is set off by rules from the tart material above and below it. y Wisuse of Footnoles. UK foowotos anły where they are indispensable. They are expensive and distract atten ulon from the text. A kenience in parentheses may often cake the place of a footnote. Include important material in the text amit irrelevant material LITERATURE CITATIONS Cluations to the literature are given in a list at the end of the paper or in footnotes distributed through the paper The method of handling text references to dications and of prodog che stations difers in detail in the ranou journals Editors and publishen may eventually agree upon a unilarm standard for ALLOD. The standard form should be one that can be cully handwritten and typewritten, and requira no editorial marking for the printer It should therefore avoid the use of small capitals, Italia, and blackfaced type-all of which malc extra work for author typlus, editor and prlater Unul such a stand and is adopted, however the author mit make his an tions conform to the particular style of the journal in which his paper is to be publisbed. 1 Making a Card File In wiring dications in the library follow the end style employed by your journal and take time to check every item. Include the full uue (with access and other dlacital marks) for your own ·LITLITUR TaTag ose, if you will eliminate it in the final draft of JOH mawcript Put only one dation on a crd Small arth (3 by 5 incha) are mort coarealent to handle bat harge cards G by 8 Incha) bare the drange of pro Filing space for m alata of the unide. It is best to keep the dations in the form of a cord file and the rest of the manneript is ready for the final typlay. Thb permits ready insertion of eliminadog of dations during the revisions of the manuscrips, and b apedalh advantageous in the deations are to be nur bered serially throug bom the urtide Finally the deations art typewritten from the cards on wheets of mannaaripe paper 2 Parifying the Citations. Verify ach item in CTCIT duation by rolng to the library or the re file and Looking up all the publlatione Mary errors roult from failure to diect datlong taken from literature laats. As each datlon to dected, male a dear notation on the ard, so that doubt will not arise later. You must one full raponibillry for the accuracy and completed of your dadors. Although the editor may make mimor Torbons in the form of the stations to most the uple of bla Journal, he annot be expected to correct spelling figures, etc., OT supph mhaing data. 3 The Bloodby When the dutions are painted at the ead of the paper the beading "Literature Cheat of "References burly employed. Only dtations that it spedihally referred to in the text ore tacluded to roch lbl lt bs cortomary to use the beading "Bibliography to boobs or ardices of a mal or populat mature in which speafit reference to all the actions b pot made in the lat 4 Directions for Too Nahodh Dircolons are gluta below for two methods of handling dados Each ·94 C000 TO AND DLA widely used, with minor modification, ia scenuific and technical literature. The first method bas the following advantages not possessed by the second. (c) Reference by author and year of publation gives the reader the in formaation he wants in the text und enablos him to locate the duation astly in the alphabetical Ibt at the cod of the paper or to use the list independently as a source of literature. (6) This method allows citations to be inserted ar removed, during the revisions of the manuscripc with out the necessity of repeatedly renumbering the series (c) Since the atations contain no small apitals, italia or blackfaced type they are castly handwritten and type written, and require no editonal marking An editor or publisher may adopt for his joumal the first method, the second method, or some modifiation of cither A contributor however must follow the particular stylc used by the journal to which he submits the paper FIRST METHOD 1 Text Reference to Citation Reference in the lart to a dtation is made by means of the author a name followed by the year of publlation to parentheses [For example Fonter (1954) ] If the paper dted hu more than two authors, refereece may be bade by adding met al* to the name of the first (For example Smith et al (1956).] Where the authors name doo not form a part of a sentence in the text, reference is made in parentheses allar the proper word or at the end of the sentence. (For ex ample (Bailey 1952), (Allen 1950. Dodge, 1988 Thompson, 1956) ] If refcence u made to keteral papers pub- Iuhed in the same year by one author the suffixa. etc are used after the year number the suffixos being chosen according to the order of reference in the text.16 » Whent pater breity be required recreere to deallocs o dade ·85 LIIDUATURE TATTOO 2 Aront of Ciwtions. The deations are type rottes, double-qaced thropghout from the and file. They bola 001 Det sheet of paper at the end of the utick, baring the contes bandung Literature Cited," in aplauk The cations we uttaged alphabetically according to zathon mame. The author's name to typewritten Aush with the left-hand edge of the wilthy, and second and acreedong lines are todeated 5 space on the typewrito A rrumber of papers by the proc amhor at Ibted to chronologial order sccording to the year of publlation wertral papers in one year are ghren tbe mffira a, b, etc. after the year mber Score journals nose a long duh in place of repetition of the author o nuoc. In cox o ulipke aukobup the name of the first author ally determines the alphabetical and dronologacal order In the line Journals with membered vohamos Each ditution of a paper in a journal Indodos the following items. () SHunc of a kor followed by a comm and int tak. (For omple: Williams, R R.) If there are real lothon, only the mount of the first b turerted, for wpas beturing (For ample: Gene W W und H. A. Allard) Note that conna ta required after the inverted initiala n the vort by a perrethoto The micul placed Etter the whes de paper word om tu adot the oct. To Wortto the lost the mood of One otthon tre - Tbt aan de order to do it and a the antiche, con unbered late word to read, or metonbh a pla bead d den modered ha de cort de napetost to the mox ad te per poterodon the road to the ka Jobeton final typlay the Orde band cathy wed the lo reformo be done to talked abort ·96 GOOD FORUT AND LAGE (b) Year of publication followed by a period. (For ex ample: 1956) If several papers published in the pune year by one author are cited, the year number followed by , b, c, etc, in the order of reference in the text (For example 1956a 1956, 1956c) (c) Title of paper exactly like the original in wording and punctuation A period follow the utic. Only proper names art aplalised, acept in Danish, Dutch, ar Ger men Accents and other diacrital marks are added when wed in foreign uida (If extreme brevity is required 10 the dtation, the ude of the paper is omiaed) (d) Abbrevrated name of serial publication in the approved forte. (Sec section on "Abbreviations of Period. ial Publicznons," page 100) () Polume number followed by a colon, () Page numbers The number of the first page of the paper la separated by an en dash (indicated by a hyphen) from the puraber of the last page and the latter is fol lowed by a period Buche IV H 1950. The aim of the earth School Amor 11 ( 52-41 (The be oumber is given to parenthes after the rolame number cach love b pod wparately) Hartford, CG H. A Sulth, and W B. Wood, Jr 1946 Saloo amide democbanpy of combined infection with Indochta trun md bacteria. Joor Euper Med. & 503-514. Luman, J L 1955 The philology Dowering. ADD. Ra Plant Physiol. & 177-210. Morgtasoo W J 1946 Toxic rotection accompanying penlofilio thanpy Amer Wed. Ano, Jour 1$ 9154910 Rhoada, MN 1938 Efect of the Dt gone on the moubility of the 4, ele in matre. Ceactio 577-197 Tyylor D L 1942 Indoence of anyon comod on respiration, tamentadoo, zod growth in heat and Hec. Abo Jour Bor. 71-733 ·UTDATI STATO 7 Boots The copynght date (tually on the Itters of the title possy bs bed us the year of publication. The following croplas illustrate the form med Bakhr. L I. Duck mpetus a Bocenty baded, 544 P. Cambridge, Lagood Cabeldre Lohouty Irak Lye W XL Pieplo a pol phpbokog sich od luodon Lo Green & Co LLLGD Wory od AP Hiday 1957. Lortut moal o determinate bacteriology 7th od Lulthoort Tusind ta Toke Docker G Netto modu bachematy ** Xen Tot Joten they no son Waaro D od 1.6 (74) DS Anwpadon omato add wrtbobna 104 plantmore jutron Hoplo Pro Yatibooks An Gurmple mostrato the form twed. Xacm, AT 1. potoned thartu bal, Terboot M 1803-1OL Yearbooks are not naubered us volumes, bat only by tein. The actual tme of poblation-born in the cumple-strually one of the years later than the period Coroned by the jourbook Esproncol station brulletins In diting aperimcat ration bulleting und otho food of Thal pabitations bearing to indirical aber but DO Toose oumber the coloniny form is med. O AHT FC Girbert 1933. Senten mod bek od bood represion young Adli Lupo 1 kt 131 Had A CL IT Serve wimpersy berler ·98 COOL FORN AND ULAZ biogeochenlatry 3 The blagtochebtry of Tateboate corte thon. Amo M. Nal Hol Bal 98-1-554 MICOND LETHOD 1 Footnote Citations. Footnote citations are numbered consecutively in the paper and are referred to in the text by superscript numerals If other footnota occur (except those in aabla) they are numbered in the Ame series with the atations. A repented reference is given the number of the original reference. The superalpt refer ence numeral is placed in the tot after the word or men tence to which the footnote refers. It is put after a panc tuation mark If there is one. The superscript nunenl indicated by typewriting it above the line and putuing a V shaped mark in pencil or ink under the numeral. Each footnote duation is inserted us a separate line for lina) immediately folloming the line of text containing the word to which it refon. The footnote is indented as a paragraph and preceded by a fallsized numeral in parent theses (or in some journals by a superxoniptaumcral with out parentheses) It is typewritten double spaced and get alf by short rules from the text material abore and below IL. For economial composition on typesetting machines, many journals require that the footnotes be typewritten on separate sheets (as many u convenient on a sheet). The xhects bearing the footnotos are put at the end of the text copy each marked with the word "Footnotes, " endosed in 2 drde. 2 Citations at End of Artide In some joumals full sized numerals in parentheses in the text refer to deations at the end of the article. The citations are numbered in the order of the text references, or are alphabetired and then numbered.

·99 LITTLT CATTOOS Jorms onth tombered colong Each dation of a paper in a journal lacodes the fout kwing teams (Reformee momber-full-sind nunggal lo portatbe. BS Apewarip Autoenal, racording to the style of the pourmal (Imitals and humans of author followed by a cortoa. (Abbretuated name of serial publication in italic type, indicated by typeniten undorlining with angle Arrigha lloc, followed by a comm. See xectio a "Abbrerlations d Pertodial Pubila cons pere 100 lote ako that many chetoncal Jourmak be the abboreriations gren by Chemical Abstracts in its Ik of Palodlak Abercted, and that mort medial Jotural follow Index ledicto. Abbrortations from Chemical Abstracts are used m the comples giron below ( Tolens member followed by a comuna, both in Hackbuced type, todlated by updating to peadil or ink with any line ( Amber of the Ant pers of the article Yer of publication of the article in parenthod follored to a portod (T) L Porto CE Delokro arch. Inn 49 () LC Suomes, HD X, X MLH Rbodal tret Soc.), LAL, 57 (1000) (1) ALKC Wood ad L. Cory LELO (1136 MLD KutronLXB ChemMy 11, A (1504 Books In ating books, or for shown by the following a amples toch M JY KA CO Treat herpook od Thermal Cretary Larry, Gren ad ca, Kar Tak, CY 11. IL PAL ·GOOD FOR AND ULACE biogeodiamkary 3 The blogeochemistry of vertebrate care tloo. Amar No. Nat. Hist. BOIL 9. 1-35 SECOND METHOD 1 Footnote Citations. Footnote atations are numbered consecutively in the paper and are referred to in the text by superscript numeralı If other footnota occur (except those in table) they are numbered in the func seria with the atations. A repeated reference b given the number of the orginal reference. The superxnipt reſer ence numeral is placed in the text after the word or tence to which the footnote referr. It u put after a punc tuation mark if there u onc. The superscript numeral bus indiated by typewnting it above the line and putting a V shaped mark in penal or ink under the numeral. Each footnote citation is inserted us a separate line (or line) immediately following the line of text containing the word to which it refers. The footnote is indented u a prragraph and preceded by a full-uued numeral in parent theses (or in some journals by a superscript numeral wich out parentheses) It is typewritten double-paced and set off by short rula from the test material above and below it. For economical composition on typesetting machines, many journ: require that the footnotes be typewritten on separate sheets (us many us convenient on a sheet) The thecus beaning the footnotes are put at the end of the lat copy each marked with the word "Footnotes, endosed in 1 circle. 2 Citations at End of Article In some journals full sized numerals ia parentheses in the tat refer to acations at the end of the article. The doulons are numbered in the order of the text reference, of 27€ alphabetired and then numbered.

·101 man of MuQOCALS dould zum begin with the key word woder which the moe is colored alphabettally in the lary card az bague ed ocher library lists The sequeace of words in the abbrerlated me should therefore to the rule med to the Union Lirt of Serul h Luntries of the United States and catch This rea Otace rotuomes antiabte la mog bunler. With permits son of the pablisher the H I 17son Cother roles at quoted below (*) Arrial Dot published by a poety or a publk office koncered ander the first word, oot an article [4, on the or equinient) of the butent form of the title. La Xodboltry Am. Le Rocacom Ampul da More sondheit Toulal Line Hot Ry Dal palomu Anka font. Espe Biol posal pabloibed by a podery bor having dir tache due, be entered under the title, with reference from the same of the day Ledion Jrondloty pube the latestety taglay Ape Jour. Bot Cand Embert for published by dh tachoul Society) ܣܘ Idea bath by the Apodos (The Journal, kinections, proceedings etc of bockey ut entered under the first word, tot un artido the ble for of the pame of the society The role applie to pabbiato di maciety an cocit fion, mean to write bont of a natih the Deme of the room for other organladoa) to put u the beglastoy d the abtrerlisted oth of rocka public ·100 GOOD FOR AND A LF Moes od H. Flag Organic Chemnity todellare D C Hath and Co, Boston, le 1956, p. 175. RD Inn, The Atomic Nude UcGnr Book Co. New York, NY, 1955 p. 802 ( W Heliler The Qumtum Theory of Relacion, Charendon Prets, Oxford, England, 1954, pp 216-230 Yearbooks The following example illustrate the form used. (1) N B Melcher Alistais Yearbook 1945, 751 (1916). Experiment station bulletins In dtng experiment station bulletins and other uses of serial publlauons bearing an individual number but no volume ournber the form shown by the following example is used. (1) H. B Vickery md G V Pucher Conn. Af Exp. Ste Bulls 32 (1990). ABBREVIATIONS OF PERIODICAL PUBLICATIONS In preparing literature autions, the author should base abbreviations of serials upon a arcful study of those tored by the publicacion do whild his paper is co be printed. Capitalization, in particular vana in different journak A uniform style must be used throughout a single bibllography The was given below are intended to make it us easy u posible for the readen of your article to look up the literature references in the library 1 Beginning with Boy Tord in Library Card Cata logue The abbreviated name of a persodlal publication Allo Margaret C Shields of the Moc Hati Library of Praceton Unirenity helped to the properties of the motion ·101 MUITOS TROCA bool alms begin mub the key word under which the mitor la stered alphabetkally to the library and al logee ind other horary Lost The sequence of words to the abbrerated we should thercare Illow the rola used in the Union Lot of Sena La of the Uni Slala and Conude. This relor mat room s malable in mod bitrates. With permis dow of the pablisher the IL T 11700 Co, thexe rules De qoord belor 6) A melal pot published by a cocery or a public office bentered under the first word, not an unides on the or equrulent al the latest form of the dule." La Indochty Am Ret Rocha Amore don & Phyt The Baltake Boller The cat Lipato allo Ja Epper. Bilal (1) Aronial pablished by a mootty bart baring dit ttective thike, bartered under the dike, with reference troa dhe te the rodety Abdon tu Botary pulled by dar karla society isola) Hoer. Jowo. Bot Chalo Eroty pated by the Cheelal Sadiety) Chcm o Erbovec. os da bosted by the Apodia As data fa de truccato See 10 The Journal, sections, proceedings, etc, ola rockety ut catered mode the first word Dot to artide, of the latest form of the same of the society This role rpptio to publications de roczety 10 astorno Lo nulim u stubon or a Weih U ze te of the society for orber arpanindoa) spur at the beginting of the abbotined teleorcha poblat ·102 COD FOR AND USAGE tion, the reader will naturally look under that name in the library card catalogue, and so will easily find the publia tion. But if the word "Bull, "Jour," "Proc., or "Trans," is placed u the beginning of the abbreviated utie the reader u likely to wuste much time searching in the library catalogue under that word. If all authon and editors would adopt this library rule and adhere to It consistently they would are their stad- CTS iDuch lots of time Aademlo da Sdences, Pucts. Comptes Rendo Acad. da Se Paris, Compt. Rood. Amer Chem. Soc., Joar Achterlan Chemical Society Journal American Lledical Assocation Journal Cambodge Pallongblaal Society Proceeding Amer Mod. Amoc, Jour. Philosoph. Cambodge Soc, Proc Deutsche Chemische Gaelscheit Badehta Deot Chem Gere.ch Ba Nat. dad Sd, Proc. Natool Aademy of Science Proceeding Torrey Bocadial Club, Boletio U S. Buro of Standard Boletin Torrey Bot. Club, Boll Standards, U S Bar Boll US. Bortu of Standards Jarmal al Roarch Sundard, U S. Burr Jour Ro. U S. Burada al Standarde Tochnial Pepe V Bar Standards, Tech. Papers (d) "Lared sodetio and sademio of Europe, other than English, with name beginning with an adjective ·103 Atatutx of FootCALS devoting topal peinilege in mtered undo the first word Allowing the deadre. These djectireh Kehelich Klarglich, RaltLorpenak, etc. are abbreviated to 1. etc. und are disregarded in the orangement" (A College and resila barlo a geographial derigration are found onder the name of the aty matc, acrantry mualsed la the tide- 0) Oworktories, bosanlal and poologial gardens etc, Dot buring distinctive name, be entered under the name of the place to which they are located, unless they at affollated with a unirenity to which ause they ue mtered wonder the date of the universin 2. Uning the Original Lorgeog The rertiacular should be med, not a translation. Just as one books for a book by Feb Klein under Klemm not under snel or La so must oor look for the Polbih sedemy under its Poibh mame and use it in priored dations ten though one can Dot procounce it Cw Lost Oberta Weldes Cootbathmate Ontary Lod De met tow had or Ador Acorn 3 Arading Extreme Bret Abbreviation of words particularly of the first wont bould not be copied too tar In ach as Ann, Blol" or "Geol when this In the first word, citha thero of the uue should be wide LEA No us to lonte Do doubt u to the language of the due a cbe the firkt word shonld be written in full. "Amalam Annalen" "Annak id "Anul tre fag pants a Lorre analogue. "Aon d Physa miatt be other Freda or Cawan I've dra och boc, jota Laas Dx And Lode the Oper la dona, *TOLA ·102 COOD FOU AND USACE tion, the rader will naturally look under that name in the library card atalogue, and so will easily find the publia tion. But if the word "Bull," "Jour," "Proc. or "Trank,” is placed at the beginning of the abbreviated uitle, the reader u likely to waste much time searching in the library culogue under that word If all authon and editors would adopt this Ubrary rule and adhere to it combicnuy they would have their iad en much lots of tine. Aademie des Sdacts, Pria Compta Reodos Aad de Sol Park Compt Reod. Aber Whem. Soc., Jour Amerian Chemical Society Journal Amerlan Medal Asociation Journal Cambodge Philosophiaal Society Procted og Amer Ned. Amoc Jour Philosopk Cambodge Soc., Proc. Deatsche Chemnische Gescbcut Balchte Deot Chem. Gerotych Ba Nat. Aad. Sc., Proc. National Academy of Science Proceeding Tarrry Boteotaal Club Bulletin U S. Baran at Standards Bulletin Torrey Bot Club, Bu. Ber Standards, 0 S Ball U S. Borat al Standarda Jooral al Retaurch Stooderdh U & B Joar Ra. US Baraa of Standarde Tochalal Papent U S. BUT Standard Toob Pipes (d) "Learned soacties and eademla of Europe, other than English, with nana beginolog with 10 adjective ·ULATOU O OOCALS 105 Series Rober Therios rumber should al be pren In addition to the volume number and yet mbe cate the set b tumbered in gola Mbowplu Wx, T thomopt. Wao 10 List of Abbrerietlow. The following list bon loone non abbrerations of words in the name of parlodial publications: BOL Abstracta Aad...y Apladt Adana Ano Abet Aad Afthe Auer Dort Crotratt Chopal Cathol للمه Lolyt Lucial at dor on Coal Cake Ch Copt Cout. d Doct. A. Arthropolupal Autre Corp Corttitooth der Dartica Antropol Accel Arthros Ecol Empo Asoc And And Arch Astroo Bactofel Letabol EL Looko Econada Furth Enak Encordleg Erphone Extooted Empalmet spoloml Epalcocptal ft Ceretta Aurdal Bectorales Machape Berlin kaldte Badal Hoanal Lope Boy kontol Bott Bo. Euter. Ereb Eul Liper Lp Erper L cu Bot Housy Bol B Cool torta Geography Geologal Go Gort Cena Geel ·104 GOOO FORU AND USAGE 4 Including An Important IVords. All important words should usually be included in the abbreviated uit. The abbreviations consisting only of "Ber," "Ann." "Compe Rend. etc in the journals published by the Amman Chemical Society are too short to be understood without reference to the key given by Chemical Abstracts in it "List of Periodicals Abstracted." 5 Omitting Articles and Prepositions Articles and prepositions may be omitted when their omission does not lead to obscunty Bul ute soc. de Blol, not soc. Blol, for Sockhé de Blokogle, to arouk contadon with Société Blologique 6 Names of Places and Person. Names of places and persons should not be abbreviated. Cambridge Pullocoph. Soc, Proc. Fruit Int. jour Liebigh Ann. d. Chem. Init. Purtcur Bull. But note that Amer (for American) Bric (for Briebh) Deut. (for Deutsche) and US (for United States) are commonly accepted. 7 Eduor's Name An editors name abould be avoided unlaw it is in the offical title. Uso Ann. d. Phyeth, kr 2 of Ann. d. Physil [Pl mol Posteodor Andala Bat Panger i Archly is correct. 8 Part, Section or Dioiston. When publications of 10 institution are organized in pares, the section or drision dolgadon should be included. Ircon Abadd yo, Phn Jath. KL, Silt. Bar Abad, d. When, wenn Sitz bat 24 ·1035 AMELATION OF DURCACALS Serks Maber The one number should always be pirts, in addition to the rolete guraber and year number make the tal Dunbart in series M. Bonpl. m. - Matonplexu 1 Lut of dobrerlations The Lollowing that sboru icon common abbrerbators of words in the name of persodial poblacions Balett Aademy Apacto! Cottratt Choola bu ho Cotru. Chem Cbroke Anstyttal Antolat Aula Abats Aard Agarlic Apr A Alyt Art A. Am Am Anthropol Autopoldo Ascada Arde Ada Adio Ancol lactold Lupe hatt Autoc Arch and Arte Cited. doo Chopin Cretratlap da Desde Daca Ecolours Ecopoda Elidos Facts Tagharley Erreal odleg Ipotect Erpedot Expetuostale Cade Chap Chapt. Contr. d Deat. Dt Eool Econ EL El. Enco Erroba EL Esper Ego Euper bruid Blader halal Platou Robert Hotel Lot Lot Lotthda Ky Det Cunet Crom! Gent Geographical Geologie Cu Cut Coo Cact Car Orel Bol Lite ·106 COO. YOU AND USAGZ Gealogluche Gesellschaft History Industry Instituto Intarputlocal Jabrboch Jahresbericht Journal Maguint Mathematia Mechanical Nedlaat Vedicto Hooga pbs Honthly Mapbologbuches Varpholog Natoon! Natural Neurplag Palcontologie Paleontolog Patholoo Pharmacology Philosophial Phytal Phyuk Phyodantische Physiologa Physique Political Proceeding Protestantunda Goal. Gacich Hist. Indor Int. Intcroat Jahrh. Jabrogh Jour ver Math. Liech, Ned Med Looops Looth Varpbol. Varphol Nat Nat. Neurol Paleontol Fleontol Petbol Pharmacol. Philosophe Phy Pby Prychological Psycholog Publatoo Quarterly Record Roodtry Report Rearch Review Revue Rivista Royal Sdeo.co Scientific Soeng Serrla Society Sutton Surgery Survey Technology Therapeutia Trun.acthans Tropla United Stato und Vahadlangen Zatichrift Zeitung Zontratblatt Zoalade Zoologlacher Zoolog Prochol Prychol Puh. Quart Kec. Hood. Rept Rat ROY RE RH Roy Sct Sdat. &c. Sery Soc. Su- Sury Sory Tectoral Тър. Trad Trop. US الطPin Physiol Physiqoe Pulit. Proc. Prothroat Yahudz Zuct zty Zonta! Zool. Zool Zool ABSTRACTS AND QUOTATIONS ARSTRACTS 1 Form Reference to rated publication should usually be made in the form of an indirea quotation or a brief ·107 MAM AD QUOTATION iland that promarlies the discomfor precated in the allal poblation 2. Credit Alrop give artit lot les bien directly trom za pobladon 3 Chaton A dirtim of each otcle moorloped must appear in your literature ated or in a footnot. Pretration Indirect quotidioes should not be co doud in quotation muka QCUTATTOO 1 Portoront. Il nom permandoo must be obabed from the copyright owa belor printing or otherwise reproducing material from a copyrighud publication. Il apablakes or organunpon bolds the copyrigte, It b for portant a matter of profesional courtesy to obtain also the rothors permebixo Abray become pantalon from the original publicador-Dox from one that has repro dood the metal in books the name of the copyright we will be found on the tit port a TETETX. ID persodicab It will be found on the title patsthe four pic of tod, poder ebe dule beading or on the Cront COTET Klen wing to be copyright Der well bow you with to use the mill and beatify t daarty For a book, are the roubor tuk, edotoo number sur of pobliation, and pett a sober kently Lusations or tablo ty outbe and to patemal by beginning and coding phone For a formal pare the journal dike, rolpose bad page Domboss, tick tick and the state Ieprify thetta woos, ble and tot wateral la the pune magna lor a boot 2 Form Wiben direct goocadon ne needed, they Jould be undone la quotation mot et painted in mal ype They absold reproduce the words of the orig palpabllation indedir al details of spelling, daatti ·108 GOOD FORM AND USAGE al markingi, capitalization and punctuation Correction or remarks inserted by the one who quota must be placed in square brackets [] Omimons must be indicated by a Krie of four widely spaced period. The author should carefully compare the typewritten copy with the original printed matter each time the manuscript is copled. 3 Short Quotations A short quotation should not appear as a separate paragraph It should be encased in quotation marks and included in a paragraph of your minuscript Long Quotations. A quotation of more than five or 11x lina should be given as a separate paragraph. Quota tion marks are omitted, and the quotation will be proced in knaller type than that used for the text Each quotation that is to be printed in small type should be typewritten upon one or more separate sheets of papar that are numbered consecutively with the text pages but bear no text material. The spethod of preparing the copy i u follow When the place is reached for a long quota tion reinove the text sheet from the typewriter and begin the quotation (double-spaced) upon a spanic sheet num bered us a new page. Finish typewriting the quotation using us many sheets as necessary and numbering them as manuscript pages. Then put a new sheet of paper in the typewriter and continue with the tal Thus method allows the article to be composed economi cally on the typesetting machine, which will not set to diferent sizes of type in one operation. If the manuscript is not prepared in this way the componitor must handle 211 of the copy twice and needlculy waste valuable time. It is cuential to mark clearly the sheets bearing qoota dons. This may be done by writing the word "Quotation endosed io a arcle, in the upper left-hand corner and ·109 LULITICAL TAN 09 DTI drawing a light pead line down the full left baglo of the quared metaal Quotation Itihaa Quotation. Um single quotation berte lor a quotation within a quotation AMINOWLEDGOSIENTS Adowledgmeota a belp recefred from orben should be made with topless Ked tact an eintre adol con may be very embarrado to your attk or ad Tiket Le fiatry, of cours, that mention be made of prawions, audiams, or other larm of bep om you bare record, but this should be doar in an xppaopable The form of teknowledgment and is place in the poper thould be determined by the usual practat in the fournal lo which your ardde is to be published Adnowledgement may be made by a boid statement appearing fa a footpote to be dilt olibe rude. The foron for I thous many be Trepared in the Department of wodo the directio of Profemor ather than the arbrer bare helped, mendon of the fact may be made in the larm of footnotes to the parts of the paper coocorned hoorba rattable place for schoorlede meda A La tbe introduction to the paper some journals pot the schnowledgorat at the card of the paper flest before be Herature duod. - 1 person AXALITICAL TABLE OF CONTENTS I drohtel Ondline Belore e mantucript to odered for publication, wo maadal ocios, &able of contratt should be prepared Ahboogte the oude will not be prosed. It has tro important mes. (o) It alds you to mak ·108 GOOD FORN AND EXACE al markings, apitalindon and punctuadon. Correction or remarks inserted by the one who quotes must be placed 10 square brackets [] Omusions must be indicated, by a series of four widely spaced periods. The author should arefully compare the typewritten copy with the original printed matter each time the manucript to copred. 3 Short Quotations. A short quotation should not up pear as a separate paragraph. It should be enclosed in quotation marks and included in a paragraph of your Manuscript 4 Long Quotations. A quotation of more than five or sur lines should be given us 2 separate paragraph. Qoou ton marks are omitted, and the quotation will be prlated in smaller type than that used for the tatt. Exch quouation that is to be printed in anall type should be typewriaed upon one or more separate abects of paper that are numbered consecutively with the text pages but bear no text material. The method of preparing the copy is as follows When the place is rached for a long quota don, remove the last sheet from the typewriter and begin the quotation (double-spaced) upon a separate sheet nuo bered u z now page. Finish typering the quotation wlog u many sbects us necewary and numbering them as manuscript pages. Then put a new sheet of paper in the typewriter and continue with the tal This method allow the artide to be composed economically on the typesetting machine, which will not set two different sizes of type in one operation. If the manuscnpt is not prepared in this way the compositor must handle all of the copy twice and needlemiy waste valuable time. It fschendul to mark clearly the shees bearing quota tions. This may be done by wluog the mord "Qaotation," enclosed in a cirde, in the upper left-hand corner and ·111 READSETS DE TAL TRT HEADING THE TEST ishlas of Headings. The calytical table of cotenth doobed in the preceding xation, should be used the bosts for making any deurable revisions of the heading tortappen in the last and for Indiating the rank of the Iscading Excentre subdiubion of the text by means of beadings should be avoided doce it confuses rather than akh the tadas The bading "Abstract bomitted the abiatna sto be perlated in diametite type, mad the beading "Intro doction wally onitted. The beading Literature ated to conveniently painted in full apatals of the mmalle type med for the amations. In the preparation of books, it is often netcar to the spool sy la of beading for textbooks, boldfaced hrad ings (indicated by anderscontay with a wry loc) art fractalhy preferred because they make the toplo stand out dastruly slout fournals, for reason of economy and appearance, ose mall capitals and italia d the ten type for beading Two Herts o graded beading that it in ammoon the art decribed below Both are pleasing to the ge ud Coconucal because composed with the lost in one opera bon 2 Journals Oring Centre Hradimo od Paragraph Frendorf Slany journal, opening those with only one column of type on the pare, une boch center beading mod panapa ade beading as shown by the following out le de Hong GS RAUL ar hCrun Arap n los ha houden met wie co tako, ·110 GOOD FOR AND ULAOL ing the final revision of your paper apecially in prepar ing correct handlinca (6) It helps anyone who ruds your manuscript with the object of coazlog il. 2. Form. The outline that follows will serve as 20 imple of 20 analyucal table of contents. The ranks of the hadings for the various drywions of an arucle should be indicated in the table of contents by graded Indentation. Note that the prinapal divtions are begun flush with the left-hand edge of the writing, the subdivisions of the perdoapal divisions are indented 5 spaces on the typewriter and maller subdivisions are indented 10 spaces. Indicate properly the comparative ranks of the topic If two topia are logioully coordinate, do not make on topic subordinate to the other On the other hand, if one topic is logically subordinate to another do not give them equal rank [Example of awehlial table of comionul CONTENTS 1 3 $ 1 Abstract Introdocttog Watertab und Netbocs mind Colturo pacthod Narrencat of dimalle conditions Experlong and repaits Plant Felda Chatic dana Decodoo of rotalus Gopau Restion of Helds to dimatic coodidou Tampere Rainan Enponella Literature dted 3 10 10 11 11 19 15 11 ·PLADOO KY THE TWT 113 Exch of the subheads bould be indented as a paragraph foelast lobom i mam heading, opomitten in loner- De ketta underloed fa iala, and followed by a po riod and two hypbons com dash) The first word and proper namo bould bare opdaal initial Secondary robbeds should be molded wherever pot itble But if requred, they should be preceded by Arabic bumeral in parcotheses and typewritten in the same manner the subheads, but without underscoring ·112 COQ YOU AND WAOL propar nama should The main headings should be typewritten in apetab as center headings. Its better not to underline them on the typewriter The editor will underscore them with two lina to indicate small caps or mill write "LC* in the margin. The subheads should be typewritten u center headings in lower-case letters and underscored with z angle line to indicate Italia. The first word und begin with apital inicial. If only two ranks of heading are seeded, the center fubheads should be omitted, and the side beads described beloty should be employed in stead The secondary rubheads should be indented as para graph ude hede end andulined to lodiante alia Only the fint word and proper nama should have apita ini tal. A perod (or in some journals a period and a dash) thould follow the side head, and the lot of the paragraph thould begin on the same line } Journals Using Paragraph Stale Heads Only Many journals with a two-column format use paragraph side heads only as outlined below Mala Honda PARACAN for DLADO IN NALL CAMfubbende Parpoph Alde hend's in komu ulio- Secondary Febheads () Pumpa oct bands to lower-cu rotas- Endi of the main beading thould be indented u a paragraph, typewriten in apuh, and followed by : period and two hyphens (em duh). The editor may mark the heading to indicate that only the fint letter is to be prlated a full capucal (three underlino) and the rest #mall apitals (tivo undalies) even though proper nouns at iacluded. Or he may write a marginal note to this ciiect. The main leading to followed on tht hne line by a subhad (see below) or by the text of the paragraph ·TALO 115 1. Ermony Sisce ubio od much more per pareizu at material they shoold be used only when geeded zod TABLES In to download After brukeKONCE 10 ADE 097 0.193 1 0 1 TOTA 0973 O X4 10 115 10 619 11 746 u 681 12 02 12 5.16 1 1 1920 23 24 21 834 2 202 23 763 B 923 JI OH 31 22 0.05 4 099 15 m Z1TL 2 .2009 2470 .266 7231 2 10.2 2 7720 4 413 $ 701 $ 004 Sung s como $ 4650 % 7111 6 0100 40 474 41 14 06 14 00 #1941 $ 155 102 10 10 24 2013 11 000 11 197 11 2 H 1330 11 037 1 03 un 12 006 200 11 21 6609 42 915 វាស 41 1H O Qus 0 010 57 H 0 1257 1623 134 1202 0227 09 on 001 LS 17.00 76 2004 20.064 21 600 7 212 1 1 04 1841 74 TZ 1204 ho 2174 29.53 0.89 Das the lor LC. Vuod, kod] I. Con kthrayathopbozborator per protect Acho Sox, Jot. A 223- thosil sex berkontrar large. For a two-coloan pure, they thould be destroed, if posible to fit within single colaton Abbrentations should be used to keep the coloan best the table wall column should not be ·Chapter 1 TABLES 1 Importance The first step in the coalysis of experi mental data is to entunge them in the form of table. This part of the work may require a great deal of study before the best scheme for bringing out relations as found. Two general types of tabla may be needed. (a) those which contain the original data incading actual observations and measurements, and (b) those which connın derived data. bringing out special points and condusions. For 1 discusion of ranous kinds of cables, see Worthing and Geffner (1945) A large part of the work of interpretation of the data wil bave been completed when well-arranged cabla have been made. 2. Unity Each table should be a unit. A mble ua short cut means of presenting facts to the reader and a cable file a sentence, paragraph, or artide) should prevent one subject with duunatnes. Do not attempt to bring out in a angle cable several comparisons of very different kinds Very large aablas are likely to be confusing 3 Clearness. The form of the table should be arranged to xture greatest clearne. For each kind of comparison of dau there is usually one form of table that brings out the comparison most carly and tematically lo addition to the absolute figures represenung original observations, the cable way include percentages, nuos, to tals, averages, cle the latter are often of grat value in making comparison + Acumy Every iten in the table must be checked for correctness 114 ·115 TARA Economy Shree tables cost much more per part than tort matabal, ebey should be used only when teede ud TAULES I la ad nolo fu wa the park clac Rd La L. 09T12 0.152 1 0675 1 Ta 29 4.1511 2001 6232 HEDO 7367 0973 09.04 1 6192 7 82 2 1020 4 SA 4 710 50104 3 100 54910 $ 1650 S TH1 6 0190 6412 23 24 21 04 2012 73 768 2 995 31 OH 11 902 10 1 099 91152 $10 9.21 503 11 00 11 1 7173 20 2010 2170 2106 .72.00 210 מול ע 1903 74 0720 6669 OLV 10 146 10 600 11 746 11 561 12 00 12 536 12 27 1.24 U 414 1104 14 .. 13.250 15 mp3 17.20 11 766 20.0124 20 064 21 660 77 01 2.1 1 60 11 41 1 30 5915 1 04 41 184 U 035 50 00 1.2003 64 ZD 64 630 74 TL 120 56 1400 1157 1625 1913 1200 0057 091 0716 1785 13 1912 4034 100% 7 207 7 1646 ! 176 497 422 14 71 27 711 4 9900 Dear Front, LLC. Mo, udt ret 1946. Acthanty at atbarhempdoric add to cartas solution at Ir toa por poudront At Corte Soc, JME 2523-2512 woull bot be made unnecessarily large. For a two-column page, they would be dolgoed, If posible, to fit within a ungle colourn. Abbrelations should be ud to keep the column badiotbe able small A column bould pot be ·116 TADLE devoted to only one or the entries, to a repetition of the Ame entry or to dau that may be easily alculated from data in another column. Such cases can usually be cared for ia loomotos or in notes following the ute. TABLE4 Distance progrodd life was hy los ftratus of Xrone spopa care a wow dies couleinia. Uwithias fon.combreti ofl(+Hondue (0.0073 ) DATUCZ CORP Poltrokke adapirdi 0 0 10 lo 000 OS 0 97 1 00 1 47 0 22 45 51 140 12 73 102 95 1 88 1 93 123 276 2 31 J 03 3 10 147 145 * Data froce Ryan, F ), od J Lederberg. 1946. Reverse mutulon and adaptation to bactelce Neropera. MalAard. SolProc. 32 103 173 6 Site The table mut be complied to as to fit die page of the publication. On z two-column page, tables may occupy a single column, or if necesary the full width of the page. The space that a printed table will require may be at Limited by means of character counu (page 62). As an approximation assume that in the 8-point spe used for the ·117 TANA -- body of the table tee ue 17 caracters per horizontal octo and 7 Ina per rental lactı, 200 in the palat type med for the bor heads there are 2 character per bort pootal inco. Allorace Dating be made for space between colequel to a large caractert Ilbco Largeables are required the method of handling TALLE 3 er der det mindre end And the word D X Hama WAX Weber nu Dutta CLAU 15.3 u 48 1 10.0 82 81 SO 1.52 1 1 7 10 2 172 250 (1) X 2114 x 231 10 (4) X UH) 1443 MM) Du X 14 (1) HUS X UHD (11) X U14 0 (0 x H ) 36 113 13 70 16 19 96 26 14 1_13 2 07 20 Data from Ronda, M. H. List of the Drake on the by the language. Canda 23 37497 Man borrindoL31 theordial, L. 1 theto should be left to the juego cont of the printer I. table n too large to cope wibin the with of the page it may be pouible bom it kaguwise on the page IEL nu fiu pelta con los lengthwic, theo It may be ponible to keep it withbo bound by settlac u to 6 point pe the called steered for book and pertodial work Il ttab method tells the table may be spread out to Cucing pages Alolder should wo be med mealt k absolutely of ·116 TABLES devoted to only one or two entries, to a reperluon of the ume entry or to data that may be cuvily calculated from data in another column. Such cases Duspally be cared for in lootnotes or in notes following the title. TARLE 4 Dimances propres ullformu tin hy konw stradao Mart une meo medor cowhiring a lie Ancordia of 4+ Hauts (0.0075 / LAUCOUP a Prots (adap Hata kurat 0 0 40 0 22 51 140 73 000 015 07 100 1 17 1 52 1 19 247 2 51 J Q 3 10 102 25 173 246 149 * Data from: Ryan FJ, and J Lederbere 1916. Reren Rogation Kod adaptation et lactate Neropers. Not Aad Sc, Proc. 52 10-173 6 Sbre The uable caust be compiled so 21 to fit the page of the publiation On a tho-column page, uables Day Octupy a ingle column, or if necaury the full width of the page. The space that a priated uable will require may be a timated by means of chiriaer counu (page 62) As an ap prostation, assume that in the point type used for the ·119 bosbedingud loodporo) bould be on this abert The tout should be contmoe co z fresh sbec d paper As threatere Dethod k to typerde e note to the brad pino the pbce for the able for cople TALLE 7 Carted worked adja federadoras Ainded podanno darba bocoris mortelle dal LON Chou Top LI kdoost Bedt 2.92 2.14 2 TZ 20 20 2 1.24 2 13 21 2.95 248 25 2. 27 2 41 2 16 2 12 Cod ad con Cat Carded and Den from Lyne, Cu, a Monkey B. Beide, &. Tood, mod . 145. The acrobral stocco d'acord. IL Kulton Jola Cerat 166 161-171 Truocb cocart aborto Crat X 6.3. Da den nhan come la solicite od 1 Ima orde 1) fabb pemuting the page of muam TPC kod de operite the able by itself on the next map pase s.Opened Asked Table In open ables, Totalralo ut alted and batsontal role in aba auttaa urth of a three tre medoc 2 bote the colanta berd Omoother boor bem, ad a third n the bottom of ibe ·118 TALLD avoidable. Folders not only are very costly but at thweldy for the reader and are likely to be torn when handled in the library 7 Large Tables in planuscript. If a table requires a larger sheet than that used for the tast of the manuscript TABLE 6 Awan ing pull of tells and station concert dl mele ta cadlo salatims condola s trios contratim d wir daiks weens ronds ertret AVL M T O Tora agro OTOT OLOTTO I CULTUR cot Sodo wla Asaab ortact fod wita and MENS 0 0 1 36 1 25 0 1 2 5 10 20 1 36 1 28 094 008 0 37 0 20 ******* 0 68 012 0 19 103 121 235 1192 1912 2535 3150 Data froth Trelawn, S. F. and S. S. Greenfield. 1944 Infoence of plast ertricta, proteins, and amido odds on the Locuratation dl mele ntum in planta Amer Jour Bot. 31 630-638. the Hicet may be folded and inserted in place u one of the manw.cript pager & Each Table by Itself on Separate Page Each indi vidual table should be typewritten on a separate sheet of paper without any of the text on the same page This is necessary to faalitate typesetung When riy place for a table u reached la typewritng a the text short should be remontd from the typewier (no matter where the typewriting ends), and a Dew shect should be inserted. Only the table (Induding תגות ·119 Tatu o beating and lookscles) should be written on chibs sheet The tent should be coatinoedo a fresh shea of paper An dermattre method is to typewrite i pott in the Idi band purgin at the place for the able for cumple TABLET Compound bottigla do for it medier og mora da parte horar o mate pot Hotel oto AUTOLLAL OLID Lnofort 2.4 2 $22 21 2 72 Bedret Conto Curapro Cubomo Cadurch 2U 22 2 57 2.41 2 H 20 20 20 20 2.39 2.46 245 Det fru L, CLO, Hanky I. Both & Food, and F Fale 1146. The probletopal deterbuka unforte it. Wronaby jou al cm 160 161 171 Pretth conton abando propri cott x 6.2. 1 Ddo watcrc aca; niko COTTICE for molitored men able 17, fiobib pewristop the page of mant Kripu apd then permite the able by itsel on the next minoxnpr pt Open and Ruled Table In open tabla Tertical roles be aroited ad bortrootal rol ure diba ocaired co urdy or only that are nehote abere the colon head of 100chat below the ind a third at the bottom of the ·118 TABLES avoidable. Folders not only are very cody but are un wieldy for the reader and are likely to be torn when handled in the library 7 Large Tables in Marienly If a table requires a Targer sheet than that used for the text of the manuscript, TABLE 6 Aurage dry weight of tops on sinita coace of metas man ir cull lions collue merlons catre sand fra sharana Ashed attract A MVI OTO DITO COTT OLDO O CULTUR TOLO DOy Sucha bada Autobus artnt AN artruct 0 0 1 2 S 10 20 1 36 1 28 1 00 0 68 1 36 1 23 024 OGS 0 37 0 20 0 506 1191 1912 94 103 121 235 0 19 3150 * Data from Trelatn, S. F., and S S. Greenfield. 1944 Intococe a plant extincts, protetor, and amido add on the scrollation of che plan in plaats Amet Joor Bot. 31 90-an. the sheet may be folded and inserted io place as one of the manuscript page & Each Table by Ilself on Separate Page Each fadi vidual table should be typewritten on 1 separate sheet of paper without iny of the test on the Amc page. This fs necessary to faalitare typesetting When the place for a table is reached IA cypertiding a manuscript the text sheet should be reatored from the typertiter (no matter where the typewriting ends) and a nery sheet should be inserted. Only the table (including ·119 TALD to beading and footnots) would be written on this sheet The tou should be continued on a fresh sheet of paper Az alternative metbod b to typerate Dote in the beti bind mrga at the place for the cable for comple, TABLE 7 Creported that shed and cheese for Luerta meline, federada parte de las rapid preta Modal to LATILL MOLD WC axca du Do hot C Ca od Cantom bad march 2.14 2 72 20 209 2 us 1 2 2 24 29 20 21 246 215 2 n 2 57 2 41 2.46 20 Data from La CV 0. Vory L Butler & Wond, and Fale 194 The microbiotal determinate de che Habla Mo Cho 160 161 111 Protda det aludar o trop control X 125 Do welctric de la mot curtcted for pobitnud isen table 1), finib typewrldog the page of Dant totip, and then typewrite the able by lovell on the next moucript Pepe Open al Ruled Tables la open ablos, veral rules at omitud ind hortional rules are dither condited cotrety or only three ure poed-one above the column head. togs another beter that, and a third at the bottom of the ·120 TABLX table Ruled tabla have vertical rula und often addi tional horizontal rala in the column hardings 10 Style Sample tables of a common style are shown on pages 115-119 The suggestions given here refor spcdially to tabla prepared according to the style But since the style varies in different parnel, the author should study the ablas n the journal in which the paper u to be published and should take arc to prepare the tables in the proper form 11 Heading of Table The tables are numbered consecudvely in aach artide. The word "Table" apitallad and followed by an Arabic number appean u Comit heading in 8-point type. The legend, or dokiptire uue Is centered above the body of the table and printed in 8-point italia only the fine word and proper names have apital initials. It is typewritten doublespaced and under lined for italia. The legend should make the table self-explanatory It should be concise and spedfic, but broad enough to in clude all the data in the table. The important words should be placed near the beginniog, ko that in a series of cables the subject of cada can be seen at a glance. 12. Rox Heads. In the examples shown in this chapter the box heads at the tops of columns in a table are printed in 6-point small aps and the secondary head in 6-point lower-ar type (Many jouhtale, however use point lower-case type for both primary and secondary columa hadings.) 13 Units of Mearremetih Units of quanuity are given below the line under the box heads and art printed in 6-poiat italia (la open tablos ruch tmlts, preceded by commas, are given in the coloran heading.) 14 Body of Table Columns consiging of words in the body of the table appear in ordlaary type Figure columns ·121 TANO se signed on the right rading colom, on the lett Fligare calomm are reparated from real rulo at least 1 spect; datural are algoed, figures are centered on caloonOmisdoms we lodtaated by bank space, and the reason for ombudion of brapormt dat ere explained la footnotes The body of the table is printed in 8-point pc either ou 10polet base (in the emplo given to this dapar) or ca 9 point box (lo many journals with a two-calma part V Footata. In the amplos shown in this dapter oplanatory loowote to tabla ure indiated by means of miodard footnote rdance marto ( 1 & etc) placed afect the words of the pomben to whitch the footnota neler Mary journals bometer indlaute footnotes by Dans of superscript lowaar leiten (*) etc) placed of let words or befort numbers in the cable. The looraota are typewritten on the anat abeet bearing the table. Ext footnote bo preceded by los ayubol or superarlot better soor journals Indent each footnote u a separate paragraph oben them all into a single paragraph. If lor lor Rurt Additiocal horizontal rules to the body of the table would be wroided, doce they loomax the cout of printing. Where a line of dewration Decor un a an be indicated inexpenshely by a blank space. 1) Spacing The bgore colom art cast to accommodate the widths of the figure out or wording of the bor bold, wod to keep equal specos barree ebe rential rolet The balance of the space may be put in the first colaren (as la table 7) or in rading colum. In a Tay large able, grouping the borizontal lines al figuero in groups of four Unaby double space, malo the table carter to read. 13 Refore in Trst Reference to tables ut made by Deber (For trample The dan of the scood a parkeert xre presented in table 3.)

·Chapter 1 ILLUSTRATIONS Ilustradons form an integral part of the conce and effective presentation of saentific and technical material They serve as a short-cut means of presenung descnpthe matter and of showing relations among dau. Ilustrations attract the attention and interest of the reader They quickly give him information that he would otherwise have to obtain from long verbal coplanations, and they give him a clear conception of objects or relations that are too complex to be adequately described in words. If the paper is suitably mustraced, the text may be largely devoted to comparisons, inferences, and discusions of prin dpla. Photographs and drawings are aspecially important in the descripure phases of adence. Diagrams of apparatu and graphs of data are mainly required in the experi mental and quantiutire phases. The first impression a reader gets of an article is gready influenced by the appearance of the fllastrations. He is likely to receive an unfavorable impression of the whole artide if the illustrations are poor But be us attracted to the ardde if the flustration are clear artistic, and in formative It is very imporunt, therefore, to devote much time wod study to the planning and preparation of illustratie material Each Mlustration should be a unit, presenting a single rubject as clearly and distinctly as posible. Spedal attention should be giren to uniformity in style tone and lettering For putting drawings and graphs into final form, 10 ·ac hororo the not of a prolexional use onlosman way be CORRECT PROPORTIONS AR Mutraboo with proportions approximating 1 boy 171 b most picating to the eye. The appeanace of the poge s trually bat and the palate s rak b fadlıcated the thotraten has the same width us the type column OT op page. But a sople drawing should not be painud on a grocerquely large role na order to have it fill thus width It becsary to plan the lastradoos in conformity to the requirements of the journal to which they are to be pablabed. For a journal pelated in two coloms, Ulustra tions should usually be dergoed to occupy the width of a single column, and should therefore be till rather than vele. To by readily sett, the oncaual part of an Illustra on mu meally be shown on 23 Large 2 xal poolble within the area alcomed by the width of the type polupin of type pare Than Bopecally itoportant be the mos too limited to the width of a dople colman of . Do-column port. Only by careful planning, proporticomandadosion a blank backroad and all titous anter can the informache part of the Wotdoo be wowa oo a pusondy large scale. 1 Graphical Jethod. Flyurt 1 sbon a courensant Papbkal method of obawing cotita proportions for In Martha thin, toreiber with lo legend, will occupy a inul olunten past. On a large sheet of Brbrod board, or of all white and board og text a group at dator or photographs to be mounted drar ia pead a rectang, ABCD than a the call of the dared reproduction. This rectangle in the parte in width x the mpe column a page, but it u ·Chapter 1 ILLUSTRATIONS 1}ustrations form an Integral part of the condite and effective presentation of scienufic and technial material They serve as a short-cut means of presenting dexcipere matter and of ahowing relations among data. Illustrations attract the attention and interest of the reader They quickly give him information that he would otherwise have to obtain from long verbal explanavons, and they give him a clear conception of objects or relations that are too comple to be adequately described in words. If the paper is ruitably illustrated the text may be largely de voted to comparisons, inferences, and discusions of prin apla Photographs and drawings are aspecially important in the descripdre phases of science. Diagrams of apparatus and graphs of data are mainly required in the experimental and quanuauve phases. The first impresion a reader geus of an urucle us greatly Influenced by the appearance of the illustrations. He is likely to receive an unfavorable impresion of the whole article if the Illustration are poor But he o attracted to the article if the Illustrations are clear artisus, and in formative It k rery important, therefors to devote much time and study to the planning and prepariuon of Illustrative material. Each illustration should be a unit, presenting a single sobject is clearly and distinctly as possible Special attention should be grea to uniformity in style, tong, and lettering For putting drawings and graphs into final form, 12 ·14 Quic nort enougb shorter to allow space for the legend that will be printed below the Ilustratiol (Some joormab allow an Plastration to occupy the fall height of the type page 20d they protot the legend at the foot of the other column on the Rune page of the foot of the fading page) The space for the printed legasd may be determined o follore Count the coul gumber of typewritten characters (adadia blank space) in the legend. Diride this armber by the olmber of characters in a printed lioc (6 by 55 for a hoch line or by 115 for 10% och Ibne) in order to obuhn the number of printed lines. Then obtain the beight of the prraled lepeod as follows: (-) If there are 7 Ames per vetual inch, allo Ho inch for the first line and 4 och for ach socceedling Itae (b) If there are 8 lux per verticaliach, allow Kind for the first loe and 4 inch lor etch soccreding line Having down the rectangle ABCD the date of the reproduction, extend the dlagonal AC u for us you wish on the Brhli board o ardboard any point on the diagonal will determine a rectangle that has the courta proportions of width and height Fæ ample, the point c determine the one rectangle ABCD md polat c determines the corred rectangle AB C D 11 the reproduction is to copy only a part of the width or beight of the type column o pege, a similar procedure is thed. The origiml,amll rectangle tahrey made the auct da of the intended reprodoction 2. Cheche Completed Matration A completed Illus tration day cat be deded to find out wbether its helt o iu width must determine the redaction. Cat 1 bett ol paper to the thor of the type column of type pre minu the beight of the legend Place it on the Datatoa la tbe poskion of ABCD in figure 1 ud Lay tlong ruke on the intratimos to atend the diagonal

·124
LITLATIONS
ON
01
8
81
8
Fol Method obtaining comme proportions for mostration

·145 Com horor mooph shorter to allow space for the legend that w be posted before the heaton (Sophe foundab illo in ilustration to otcopy tbc lull height of the type poss mod they prins the legend at the foot of the other bloms on the book page out the foot of the uciog page) The spece for the printed segood muy be determined Lollow: Coant the coul auber of typewritto dance dodior blank space) but the legend. Divide thb du ber by the number of characters in a poloosed line (eg, by for a Sach lobe or by 116 for 16 Moloch llae) in order bo obain the sumber of pelated Line. Then obtain the heighs of the priated legeod u lollom (6) there are 7 kna per vertical inct allow K, inc for the fitut lloc end 4 lata lor ad succeering or (b) I there are 8 hme per rial Inch, allow Ko inch for the first line add iwch for ench ruceating line Having dro the retangle Abcd the site of the te production, teod the dayonal AC * far you with us abe Bristol board or ordboard. Any point on the doogonal will determine a rectangle tha boabe correct proportions of width and height. For staple, the polar Causes the correct rectangle BCD and potat C de csatoes the correct rectangle dB-CD If the reproduction is to occupy only part of the width or beleht of ibe type column or personar procedure that the agttal, all rectangle sang made the aukt nire of the intended reproduaian Chething Completed Imatration de completed in taipon tury City be checked to find out whetha la Lengter or in width must determine the reduction Cut a short of paper b the size of the type calduen or mpe port no the beigte of the legend Place I do the Worridon to the position of ABCD in Spor 1 and lay alongrata on the mostration ou to attend the dbpeal ·126 ILLUSTLATION AC Then (a) of the ruler intersects the side of the illustrauon the height must be reduced to that of the type column or page minu the beight of the legend or (b) If the ruler intentect the top of the Illustration the ordth must be reduced to that of the type column or page pre- DRAIVINGSU 1 Methods of Reproduction Dawings are usually reproduced by means of anc etchings, or by the more expensive halftone and photogelatin processes. Before the original drawing is made, it is necessary to know what method of reproduction will be used, how much the drawing will be redaced, and on what type of paper It will be printed. Where possible, drawings should be pared for reproduction by the relaurely inexpensive ninc etchingz Halftona cost about twice as mud and photogelatin print cost from 5 to 15 times as much as piac etchings 2 Text Figures and Plates. Drawings are commonly used us text figures, but sometima u plates. Text figura are printed on the same paper the text and may have text material above or below them Mates are used in a few journals for halftone or photogelaun reproductions they are often printed on special paper as separate page and inserted at the end of the article. Most journals however use the same paper for a ilustrations and treat them as tat figures, even if they are grouped so as to occupy a full page. } Inut and Papet Undilated black waterproof India Ink should be used in preparing drawing for reproduc don by zinc etchings. Draming should inst be completed *Useful book on dontific mod Lechntal drawing are those of she wiggles Lot Co (1918 1993). Ridomy (1891) Staplland (1931) und the Water Institute (1939) ·DUWA to peel and Later inked la Pure white threeply Bristol board ocd for wort damage Il a drawing has been make on this paper hit would be transferred to Bristol baud by bbctening the back with a soft perd and trac from our be drawing with a hard pendl For daguos of apparate, coordinate pepo nuled with Dorganise we leg ( vs 12 k cipe coven legt became the lookeTe u gabdel Far artan types of maps and charts, a method of scribing on coated SzabDcne Film (Sculd mod Exa Co.) oder urantago One catentional method of drawing + $te of Dreat The width ar length of the original drawing sbonld be from 1 to 3 times that of the reproduc clon Slight inscranda io lines become foruble when reduced. Standard enlarrensenu should be used for den up to the Arme article, so as to LDRITC ready comparabil- Shading for Zinc Etrting Før reproduction by doc ading any shadboy that b dastred should be done by mans of black dot or loomade with undilutot India ml Darta da me best obtatoed by putting the dors devet togetbet rather than by increwing the dae of the indh Idoradox lay fine line or extremely cal dots GODOK be reproduced by tbb procen They will be lout ulus they are dear ipd distinct. If they are place too dare together they will blor and appear a solki błorchos ben the draw reduced in size. There ha realet tendency for blurring to occur when tbe drawings priated on a soft or rougtslaced paper than who i o priated coa bard a plowy surfaced paper The thading should be kept satbet opes. A bigtit drawing is mort northe than a dok one bluny of the best draw mai are more options made with loy low crently cbomen bita Els borate drawing are rare Diary ·526 ILLUSTRATION AC Then (a) if the ruler intensects the side of the ulastation the height must be reduced to that of the type column or page minus the height of the legend, or (b) if the ruler intersects the top of the illustration, the width must be reduced to that of the type column or page paper it DRATVINGSTI 1 Methods of Reproduction. Dawings are wually reproduced by means of anc etchlogs, or by the more expensive halftone and photogelado processes. Before the original drawing is made, it is necesary to know what method of reproduction will be used, how much the drawing will be reduced, and on what type of will be printed. Where possible, drawings should be prepared for reproduction by the relatively inexpensive Inc etching.. Halftone cost about twice u much, and photogelatin print cost from 5 to 15 tima as much 3 zinc etchings 2 Text Figures and Plata. Drawing are commonly wed a text figures, but sometimes us plata. Tet figures are printed on the same paper as the text and may bave text material bare or below then Platos are used in a few journals for halftone or photogelatin reproductions they are often printed on special paper us sepirate pagar and inserted at the end of the arude Most journals however is the lame paper for 2/1 Illustrations and treat them a text figures, even if they are grouped so u to occupy 2 full page 3 Int and Papet Undiluted black waterproof India ink abould be used in preponng drawings for reproduc don by zinc etchings Drawings should find be complered *Unctul book og skandic and technial during are those of the Higglas Ink CO (1918, 190) Ridgway (1964), Suanlland (1933). and the Wistar lotute (1954) ·127 DAN pendy od later inked to Pure while three phy Bristol Surdu med lor pose dromings If a drawing has been zide on this paper it sboald be transferred to Bristol mand by bladtening the back with a rolt pedal md tro Roter the drawing with a hard pencil For diagrams of mppanitas, coordinate paper ruled with mareproducible blue lines (see pat 15% is ometimo opram bezce the loss fine puda For certata pero saps nad cuarta method of morbing on coated Sabilce Film Eeuffd and Ency Co.) offers adremago over coaventional method of uning * Sac Derly The width or length of the original drawing abould be trom? Lo 3 times that of the produce tion. Sight inacrutractos ha unes becorde imbible when melocal Sandırd enlargements should be used to dow bogo the same artide, no us to lature ready comparability Sherlongs for Lund Etching. For reproduction by zinc echlog, any shading that b desired abould be done by bars of black dow of Wo made th madlared lodian nk Darker shada ar bent obtaucd by putting the doo dover together niher than by botraving the real the dual dors Iery fine line or extremely wall dow canto be reprodored by this proces They will be lost when they are deur uod diuina. I they are placed too close cogether they will be and appear as vold blotches ben the drawing is redaced in Net Thet bogata dene for barring to occur when the dining Printed on a volt a roopb-surfaced paper than when ob proased on a hard a plosy turlaced paper. The shading bould be lepe ribes openAlt drasting b tort ateriatre than a dut one. Vart of the bou dray my are bare outlines, suade with a few really bowo line. Elaborate omin ve midy want ·198 ILLUSTRATION Rather delicate shading can be obtained in the doc ctching if the size and spaang of the dou are properly adjusted to the degree of reduction and to the type of paper used in printing Sample drawings that bare g7yen good rosulus ahould be studied. Each laboratory should preserve original drawings, together with their reproduc cons for the guidance of its workers. Examination of the drawing through a redaang leas is helpful but the final test is the reproduction itself. In case of doubt, it will pay to have a xinc etching made from one of the drawings before proceeding with the preparation of the rest Copper etchings which cost about twice is much as anc etchings, permit the reproduction of somewhat finer lines and unaller dou. 6 Shading for Halftones. If it is essential to show gray cond or extremely fine details, very delicte shading may be done with several diation of India ink, and the drawings can be reprodaced by the hellionc process or the photogelatin proces. Wash and brush drawings, made with water color or dlluted Indla ink can be reproduced In the same way Indu ink, once applied, cannot be lightened, but water color an be purtually removed by strokes with a bruh dipped in water Pure white Bristol board should be used-never cardboard with a team or yellow tint 7 Economy fort Grouping As many us possible of the Illustrations should be grouped and mounted dose cogether on bavy white cardboard, to that they may be reproduced as a single cut Grouping u cconomical be Que the photoengravers charge for onchall page is about three quarters of that for a full page, and his minimum charge for anall figurd, is about one ball the charge for a full page. 8 Grouping for Zinc Elchings For reproduaion by i doc etching, the separate drawings on Bristol board ·129 DLAIDOS hoold be thened (to within aboat 4 loco of the pa beter of each), and areally eniged withio rectangle a propar are od proportions drama in pend) og i ubert of white cardboard (Bainbridge board DQ 80 about 4. loch thic) The trimmed edges of the drawings will Do dow to the zinc etching Tyben the best utaogement hr been obtatoed, the figure should be fustened to the ardboard with rabba cement Figure numbers and explanatory kettent should be put to proper places. Capial Letters (for major parts or units) und lower ase ketten (for more part or uofu) may be bed to designate points, lines objects, etc., in drawing Curt bould be ako to hurre the munbers and letten met pright od doly keperated from the drawings They should be best Hary black faced character would n be cd. The dize of the character should be much hat the figure oombers will be 35. of un toch high and chcapital letters ki o an inch high when reduced ha the reprodocion If the lowercase letters are used, they should be a Inch, and the apitals and numerah med with them sbould be hi inct. It is often best to paste on printed canceru, bich may mally be obained in rooms are from the editor of the journal in which pour paper will be published Numbers and letters or lalt labels met be put on the drawłog ln India Ink with thead of a Brice of Leroy lettering guide (see able 6). It is doo poouble bo poste to place labels at bare beta cocopowed by a printer Labeh typewritten with an electric mabine haring proportional spacing are atidaaay be close the forembte printha Croupie for HalftonusSpecial precautions need to better la traning and mounting a group of draw hogy sor halftone reprododion. The preto of Bristol board bearto the drawings abould be an lato rectangle a poltrons that fit together pafectly to COTCT