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·PREFACE. * THIS, like its predecessor on a similar oc- ºcasion elseirlere, has no pretension to be a llistory. It is merely a rough and hurried shetch of leading points in the Story of the Family and State, drain from Tod, Cunningham and other Authorities and supplemented by information from local sources. Though thus, in some sort, it may be a handy clue to the History of Amber and Jaypur, it is not in any way, a Guide-book to the sights of these Places. "Chitor and the Verar Family"-Xotember 1881]

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·CONTENTS .. Pages 1 Jaypur-City and State 1 2 Clan of the Jaypur Family 2 Larly migrations-up to A D 275 3 4 Reign in Gwalnır and Narrar tip to 1129 4 5 To DHUNDHAR-About A D. 1129 6 6 The Dhundhar Raj 9 7 The Dhundhar Country 10 8 The Minas 12 9 The Leader into Dhundhar 14 10 Gradual Conquest 18 11 Jamça Ramgarh 20 12 AJBER captured about 1150 22 13 Peice with the Amber Minas 24 14 The Amber Raj 25 15 PAJUN'S Reign and Death, about 1192 26 16 Uday Karn 30 17 Prath Raj 31 18 Bhai Mal 32 19 Narwar Again 33 20 BHAGWAN DAS 21 MAN SING 35 22 Jagat Sing I .. 37 ... .. ... ... ... I. ... A. .. .

·. . . :) 1.1 .. Isri Sing -17 49 51 .)? 50 23 JAY SING I, the Virza Raja 2. SAWE JIT SING II 25 JAYPUR FOUNDED . D. 17:35 20 The Jaypur Slate 27 The Triplc Rajput alliance 28 2:0 Consequences of secking Jabratta ail 30 Dadlo Sing I 31 Rinthambhor 32 Prithi Sing II and Partab Sing 33 Jagat Sing II 34 Trentics with the British Government 1903-18 35 Jay Sing III 36 Malaraja R:IN SIXG 11.- Minority 37 Do. Do. In Power 38 Ialaraja MADIIO SING II,-1880 39 The Jaypur Territory 40 Somc measures of late Malaraja Public Works Icdiral Institutions Education Science and .frl 41 Some measures of present Valaraja General Tınproremonts Public Works Science and Art Art Fork of Jarpur 00 6:3 65 70 ... 76 SO SO S3 $1 Su S7 S7 SS ) 21 . ... ... .

·-15
PAYPUR-FITY
AND • STATE:
Maharaja Sawae Jay Singhi II, lo fard.
ed it in A.D. 1728, is the modern capital of 110 8::2
now known by the same name, Loreris
bearing those of DHUNDHARA ABER, the
Ruling Family of lich, with a cí
fortune and Territorial stres, casas!
of Capital, las ruled in this part
the last eight centuries,-ci : Ecom
annals, prior to which.
farther to the East, IT-GT1:1

·SLAN THE AYPUR FAMILY, Tilpur Chief is the lead of the hirchh. 1 prekrar kushiruum Clan of Rajputs, which is one of the li Royal Races, and is of 'the Solar line fracing lescent from linh1 one of the sons of lum, the colorated king of Aynilkya the capital of the Rosala country, corresponding with the moler Uudili. To this day, the annual festival of the Sim, call. e tle Bhan-Saptami. lchl on the oth of the light half of Mazlı month: [Janny-Lebruary] is celebratcl wiih special magnificence at Jaypur. Dronght clown from the Temple of the Sun wlich crowds ilic Galtit l'ass over the Lastern Ridge; and through the Suraj-l'ol or Sun-Ciate of the city, the gollen representation of the Sun God is placed in a chariot drawn loy white horses, and taken thus in granı procession, joined by the Ricigning Chief, through the central street to the fountain in the Amber Square of the Capital passing round which it is then similarly conclucted back to its clerated Fane.

·3 FARLY MIGRAT RATION To GWALIAR AND NARWAR migrated first Southward across the Ganges to the Son River, overhanging which they founded the famous Hill Fortress of Rohtasgarh,-and subsequently Westward to Labar between the Sind and Pahuj Rivers, some distance above their junction South of the Jamna, where the district still bears their name, being known as Kachhwabagar ;-and thence about 50 miles farther yest to Gwaliar in A.D. 275, and from it, as for South again, to Narwar, which latter, as Fort, City, and Capital of his Kingdom, Raja Nal is said to have founded in A.D. 295.

·4 REIGN IN GWALIAR AND NARWAR TIE MIE story has it that a Hermit at Gwaliar bad foretold the Kachhtraba Dynasty there would last as long as its chiefs adopted the surname of Pal. Possession for many generations borerer made them at last oblivious of the fated word, lien, according to the most prevalent rersion, in the time of Sodha Pal's son Tej Karn known commonly as Dulha Rae, the Kingdom of Narrar and Graliar passed from their hands,-this erent being reckoned by Tod, from Rajputana annals, as occurring in A. D. 967, by Cunningham from Graliar sources and other computations, in A. D. 1129 ; and, by Local chronologies not consulted, in various years, more nearly approaching the former than the latter. The date given by Cunningham should horrerer, from his later and rider means of information and critical comparison, be the more correct, -and it Trill be noticed that what is taken by this reckoning from the period of Kachlwaha rule in Rajputana is

·5
added to its stay in Varrar and Gralur, running
up in regard to much ljo rimarly "tr 1995
duration of the Karlsh sain bo pacienty, 1 lucha
most probably indurri] for a prol of the
scare, or iron 1.0.275 to 1123.
.

·6 To DHUNDHAR (IN RAJPUTANA.] A S in the date, so in the manner of leaving the Narwar-Gwaliar Kingdom there is some varicly of legend, as the authorities quoted by Tod describe Dulha Rac, as ousted in infancy by an uncle [about A. D. 967), and his being then brought up at Klo in the Hills 4 or 5 miles South East of the modern city of Jaypur, over the Minas of which place the young Rajput, on attaining manhood, and being joined by some of his clansmen, soon established his mastery, thereon he, soon after, married the daughter of the Birgujar chief of Dosa about 35 miles South East of Jaypur, which chief, having no son of his on, subsequently made bim his successor. On the other hand those quoted by Cunningham describe Tej Karn, knon also as Dulha Rae being supplanted, when a young man within a couple of years of his accession (in A.D. 1127] by his sister's son a Parihar Rajput, rhom, during his prolonged absence to marry the daughter of Raja Ran Mal of Dosa, he had left in charge at Gwyaliar, but both accounts agree as to his marrying this Princess ·7 and succeeding to her father's chiefship. [It may be noted that the Parihar Dynasty thus founded by bis relative had no long continuance as Gwaliar was taken Shamsuddin Altamsh the slave King of Delhi in A. D. 1231,] While the account quoted by Tod is known at Jaypur, another, chiefly current here in the Bardic chronicles, is that Sodha Pal's father, undergoing a religious turn of mind, resigned Gwaliar to Les sister's son, and lived in retirement with his family in that Territory, till his death in Sumbut 1023 A.D. 967 (this is Tod's date for his grandson's coming to Dhundar]. Subsequently Sodha Pal's son Dulha Rae, tiring of seclusion, went forth to scek new lands, and conquering Dosa from the Bargujars called bis father there. This account denies a marriage with the Bar. gujar chief's daughter, [as being also of the Solar race, and not then separated from the Kachbwabas by the hundred generations necessary to legalise marriage between them, though this is a mistake according to the reckoning in Tod], and states that Dulha Rae had already been married to a Chauhan Princess of Mora-Silaris, 40 miles South Last of

·S
rose, codice i ss. in fact, or the counsel o Li:
Cloud Contaetiocs ist Le directed bis curs: to
thlitter place ead, with tasir co-operatica, the id
aiter recups riik lis retainers in the guisa of
CHIC00272 of months
wa TAO

·9
THE PHUNDHAP. RAJ
RE
LGARDING the migration and settlement
thus in what is not known as Rajputa.
12,--Cunningham. writes "The Knchiliwahas lost
Gwalıar in the beginning of the twelfth century, and,
before the end of it, they were firmly established in
Duunduar
Long too as then icign lad been in their earlier
home, 213 nenly 7 centuries according to Toa,
or $by Cunningham, it tris horrever, but the fore
runner of equally long oi still longer Rule in Raja
putinn, as lej kurn, the emigrant fionn Nartar, laid
the foundations licic of a State which, under the cuc
cessive names of Dhundar, Ambei and Jaypur, lias
lasted, through many i icissitudes of its own fortune
and of Imperi il l'oners, until the present day when
it flourishes not under the benigu influince of the
Empress of India

·10 THE PHUNDHAR COUNTRY. T the time of Dulla Rae's migration, the country of which the present city of Jaypur is the centre was studded, partly with small Rajput chiefships, but largely also with powerful communities of Minas, each under its own Chief, though all confederated, when time and mutual feuds allowed, . against outer enemies, mhile both classes of Chiefs trere, inore or less, under the paramountry of the Tuar Rajput Dynasty of Delhi. The general name of the tract as Dhundhar, traditionally said to be after a Demon-king Dhundhu, who had once tyrannised in these parts. A care at the Galta Glen, in the Range immediately East of Jaypur, is ascribed to Dhundhu, and a stream, 4 or 5 miles farther East, rising North of amber, and flowing Southrard flanking the Jaypur Hills, is called the Dhundhu River, hence, says Cunningham, the country on either side was known as Dhundhwara or Dhundhar. It may horrerer be noticed as a contribution to the subject, that the prord Dhundh is applied to SA

·11
# waste desert-like place, as great part of the country
here must then have appeared, with its broad stretches
of arid sand, and plains mostly untilled, before the
comparatively advanced Rajput superseded the
more primitive Mlina, and gare . stimulus to the
labors of civilisntion.
pentru

·12 The MINAS. TI THE Minas, in some respects, are here that the Buils are in Mewar, viz the wilder race Trho preceded the Rajputs,- but there are important differences, as thc Metrar Bhils form a numerous and closely aggregated community in a strong billy country, and are still little touched by any admixture of race,--whereas the Minas are much more scattered, and intermingled with the general population in an open country, and it is said there are few not of purely Alina blood. They are the hereditary robbers and watchmen of these parts. The former occupation is now almost suppressed, but they are staunch and faithful in the latter, and, under improved Government, they are gradually turning more and more to cultivation and honest service. From the Uſers of the Mertara Hills near Ajmere, with whom they are sometimes compared, there are still stronger points of difference, as the former frere, from an early period, a mixed body, recruited from the wildest spirits of all the highest races around, so that turbulent as they rere in times of surrounding anarchy or reakness, they naturally

·and speedily, in accordance with the instincts of the
superior races, settled down into sturdy cultivator's,
as soon as the band over them was not only strong,
but also just and firm,

·THE LEADER 1HTO PHUNDAR. TE meaning attached by Cunn'ngham to the appellation Dullia Rae, viz " Bridegroom Prince's appeark gencrally unknown at Jaypur (as well as liis original name Tej Karn, which two points also are not mentioned by Tod who writes the diame siinply as Dholn Rac, (and that of his father as Sora instead of Sodla). Cunningham remarks that his DIss, from Gwaliar, Jaypur and Bikaner, all spell the name as Dulha, whilc Klarg Rac, one of the old writers he consult cd, calls him indifferently Tej Karn and Dulha. The Gwaliar Annalists quoted, indeed, clearly imply that the appellation was given in connection with his distant marriage trip, its duration for a whole year, and the transfer of territory resulting. The name is, I find, at Jaypur plainly written Dulla or Dullie, pronounced almost as Duleh, but, while the word is berc used as the original name without any special meaning attached, it is acknowledged to be the same word which ordinarily means Bridegroom. G8

·It may be noticed that it harap and under
bad just tohi ne Mall at the linens al
and original name, found it, an leje ?!!?? llimi listrik
in my presence, written 18 Item Theo Dulay lines,
showing that the latter ww* 413 ehleed appellation sipas
popular title, » latever the first namemng lawu dw'??
In qutranslation of the liralixr->implio a mano
Kcript in the Persinn character, I limit wollten lang
Karn, with the sono story of marrinma andl dmundir af
territory following, minit bere the clinice ostrovaldig
from 'Tej to l'anj is ennily intelligibile, osigg 19 tim
careless formation of lattorn al omlaalou of vowel
and letter-pointa frequently found in Isrnion writings,
Ilnd tho word llon, at a formoralny of tripvrigtim
been derived froin one of them, vyen it B3
been n miorcalling of linj.
Tiic several yerninuis may 1.6mm Prophet Brught. In
Setler for comparinon.
Toil't Rajputina mediterranean ristica
as Outlnl sin a child hinta it ... 54,1
and his coming to
tako morreronis,
which plars, i com a membre hare os
Dora, 1 sm

·16 tions 110 other name, and no meaning as attaching to the one given. Cunningham's Gsvaliar Annalists mention his leaving home rhen a young man in A. D. 1128 a year after his accession, and going to marry the Dosa Princess, which trip occupied him for a year, by which time his Parihar nephew had supplanted him, and his then staying at Dosa to reign there. His name is given as 'Tej Karn, though popularly called Dulba Rae in connetion with his marriage and its Territorial results. Although the version quoted by Tod is known at Jaypur, it is not the one given by the State Chronicles, which say that, after the death, in A. D. 967, of his Grandfather, who had resigned the Kingdom to a nephew, Dulla Rae went forth to seek new lands, and coming to Dosa, conquered the Bargujars and reigned there. It is not said that he inarried the Bargujar Chief's daughter, but that he was already married to the daughter of the Chauhan Chief of Mora. Dulha Rae is inentioned generally as the Prince's proper name, without any special meaning attached, but evidence, in the Jaypur chronicles themselves, is not wanting that it was an added appellation or

·17
popular Title, which has liere supplanted even the
memory of his original name.
While prominence bas naturally been given, in
the foregoing paragraphs, to the versions of Tod
and Cupnihgbam, it has seemed right also to give
the account prevalent at Jaypur, although the dates
computed by Cunningham appear, on many grounds
to be, without doubt, the more correct.

·18 GRADUAL CONQUEST. THE narrative given by Tod describes that Dulha Rae after first establishing himself at Klo, and next succeeding peacefully as Raja of Dosa, presently subdued the Minas of Mach, and moving bis Capital there, named it Ramgarh after his famous progenitor ;-and that he subsequently extended lis local connection by marrying the Princess Maroni, daughter of the Chauhan King of Ajmere. It adds that it was in returning with her, on one. occasion, from the Jamray Mata shrine, that he was beset by an over helming force of confederate Minas, and, after slaying many, was himself slain. The local Chronicle already mentioned narrates however that after the conquest, rather, of Dosa, and the subsequent capture of Mach from the Minas, followed by the building of Ramgarh, Dulha Rae next took Kho and Gatur Ghati, in the former of which places his father Sodha Deo or Sodha Pal died in Sumbut 1063 or A.D. 1007. It continues that, receiving an urgent summons from his relative at

·B
19
Gwaliar who was beseiged by an enemy from the
Dekhan, he, Dulha Rae marched with an army and
drove off the invader, but was severely wounded, 80
that, on his return, he died of his wounds at Kho in
Sumbut 1093 or A.D. 1037.

·20 JAMWA RAMGARH. THE HE same chronicle gives the legend of the first fierce fighting at Mach, and of Dulha Rae, Trith most of his men being left for dead on the battle field, when, at midnight, the Goddess Mata, the great Mother, appeared to him, and healing his Founds promised him victory, whereat he, incredul- Ous, asked how that could be, then all his men were slain, and be alone yas left. She holyever restored them also, so that, after retiring to Dosa, he and his retainers presently returned and this time were victorious, in memory of which the Goddess commanded him to build her a Temple there, on the Hill which, till them, had merely a rude and rustic-shrine, and to call it the Jamway Mata, instead of its older name Budhyay. The Ramgarh then founded is now distinguish. ed from other places of similar name as Jamwa Ramgarh, and still, after all these centuries, every Jaypur Chief has to perform certain religious ceremonies at the Hill shrine of Jantay Mata.

·21 A point of modern interest near Jamya Ramgarh is that the Gorge, through which the Banganga River there flows, affords a splended site for a mas. sive Dam, which would create one of the largest arti. ficial Lakes in the world, irrigation from which might guard many square miles from all risk of famine, but the work has bitherto been suspended through the misapprehension of a neighbouring State fearing damage to itself, though the Dam would be fifty miles from the Frontier.

·22
CAPTURE OF
AMBER.
DULHA
ULHA RAE'S son Kankal Rao, according
both to Tod and the local annals, still
farther extended the Kachhwaha conquests in
Dhundar. The latter mention his taking Amber, but
thic former ascribes this to his son Maidal Rao, whose
name hovrever does not appear in the list of his
sous given in the local narratives now consulted.
Here some farther confusion has to be noticed,
as Tod styles Kankal a posthumous son by the
Chauhan Princess, who escaped enceinte when her
husband tras slain in returning from Jamway Mata,
Tbile the local annals, placing Dulha Rae's death
in Sumbut 1093 A. D. 1037, date that of Kankal
in Sumbut 1096 A. D. 1040 i. e. only 3 years later,
between which years A. D. 1037 and 1840 they
state Amber was taken. Tod does not give the
year for Amber, but Brooke, agreeing nearly with
the above, mentions 1037.
This, however, according to Conningham's
reckoning of Dulha Rae's migration in A. D. 1128
must be above a century too early, so that the real
year of Amber being taken was probably nearer
A.D. 1150.

·23 The legend of miraculous aid by the Goddess Mata to Dulha Pae, and her injunction to raise & Temple to her fame, formerly told of the conquest of Macb, is repeated with eren greater detail regard. ing the terrible struggle in the Hills before the captare of Amber by his son Kankal. Raised himself by Matz from the heaps of dead, all of bis men, whom, by her direction, he called, also rose up, healed and whole, so that the astonished 3linas, finding their slain assailants of the one day, alive and attacking again the next, submitted eren before they were exhausted. A Temple as accordingly built at Amber, on the site it is beliered of a still older, but rader sbride, and ever since to this day, a goat is erery morning beheaded in sacrifice at this fane of Amba lata, trbich farther, is periodically risited, for religions ceremonies, by every Chief of Jaypur. 007-O

·22
CAPTURE OF AMBER.
DULT
ULHA RAE'S son Kankal Rao, according
both to 'Tod and the local annals, still
farther extended the Kacbbraba conquests in
Dhundar. The latter mention bis taking Amber, but
the former ascribes this to his son Maidal Rao, whose
namo horrerer does not appear in the lise of his
sous given in the local narratives not consulted.
later,
Here some farther confusion has to be noticed,
as Tod styles Kankal a posthumous son by the
Chauban Princess, pho escaped enceinte Then her
busband was slain in returning from Jamay Mata,
bile the local annals, placing Dulha Rae's death
in Sunbut 1093 A. D. 1037, date that of Kankal
in Sumbut 1096 A. D. 1040 i. e. only 3 years
between which years A. D. 1037 and 1840 they
state Amber res taken. Tod does not give the
year for Amber, but Brooke, agreeing nearly with
the abore, montions 1037.
This, horrerer, according to Conningham's
reckoning of Dulha Rae's migration in A. D. 1128
must be abore 3 century too early, so that the real
year of Ambar being taken yas probably Dearer
A, D, 1150,

·23 The legend of miraculous aid by the Goddess Mata to Dulha Rae, and ber injunction to raise a Temple to her fame, formerly told of the conquest of Mach, is repeated with even greater detail regard. ing the terrible struggle in the Hills before the cap. ture of Amber by his son Kankal. Raised himself by Mate from the beaps of dead, all of his men, whom, by her direction, he called, also rose up, healed and whole, so that the astonished Alinas, finding their blain assailants of the one day, alive and attacking again the next, submitted even before they were exhausted. A Temple was accordingly built at Amber, on the site it is believed of a still older, but ruder sbripe, and ever since to this day, a goat is every morning beheaded in sacrifice at this fane of Amba Mata, which farther, is periodically visited, for religious ceremonies, by every Chief of Jaypur. 0-00

·CAPTURE OF AMBER.
27
ULILA RIE'S Fon Kinnkal Rao, according
both to Toll and the local annals, still
further extract the Kinchliwaha conquests in
Lohundar. The infler mention liis taking Amber, but
the former ascribes this to bis son Mnidal Roo, whose
namc however clocs not appear in the list of his
sons given in the local narratives now consulted.
Uere som fortler confusion has to be noticed,
als Toc styles Kanknl a posthumous son by the
Chauhan Princess, who cscaped cnccinte when her
husband was slain in returning from Jomtray Mnta,
while the local annals, plncing Dulha Rae's death
in Sumbul 1093 A. D. 1037, date that of Kankal
in Sumbut 1096 A. D. 1040 I. c. only 3 years later,
boel ween which years A. D. 1037 and 1840 they
state Amber ToB tnken. Tod does not give the
year for Amber, but Brooke, agrecing nearly with
the above, montions 1037.
This, however, according to Conningham's
reckoving of Dulha Rac's migration in A. D. 1128
must be aboro a century too carly, so that the real
year of Amber being taken ons probably Dearer
A.D. 1150.

·The legend of miraculous aiil lay the contes
Matn to Dullin Roc, and her injunotion to entro in
Tomple to hor Inmo, fuimoily told el tliet comparat
of Mach, is repented with oron fronter dual muita
ing the terriblo atrugglo in the lilla di tone twonp
turo of Amber by liis non limnknlInland Welt
by Mats from tlio honor of clonil, all of dula mall,
whom, by lier directiou, hocullol, AIHOLON 11, wwel
and whole, so trint thionatoninhoul Mirons, lonelinethele
elain assailants of tho 01( (ny, allva amalinch.11119
again the next, oulmittel osos herung bling wain
exbausted.
A Temple was necordingly built al Ambar (ll
tbc site it is belloved of n still oleler, lut corriere Alum,
and cver since to this day, a goal in every 100 INDIA
bclicadcd in macrilico nt this fund or Alur Matn,
which farther, in periodically visited, for rullylon14 (.
remonies, by every Chicf of Jnypur.

·22
CAPTURE OF AMBER
DUL
ULHA RAE'S son Kankal Rao, according
both to Tod and the local annals, still
farther extended the Kachhwaha conquests in
Dhundar. The latter mention his taking Amber, but
the former ascribes this to his son Maidal Rao, whose
name however does not appear in the list of his
sous given in the local narratives now consulted.
Here some farther confusion has to be noticed,
as Tod styles Kankal a posthumous son by the
Chauban Princess, who escaped enceinte when her
busband has slain in returning from Jamway Mata,
Trhile the local annals, placing Dulha Rae's death
in Sumbut 1093 A. D. 1037, date that of Kankal
in Sumbut 1096 A. D. 1040 i. e. only 3 years later,
between which years A. D. 1037 and 1840 they
state Amber vos taken. Tod does not give the
year for Amber, but Brooke, agreeing nearly with
the above, mentions 1037.
This, however, according to Conningham's
reckoning of Dulha Rae's migration in A. D. 1128
must be above a century too early, so that the real
year of Amber being taken was probably nearer
A.D. 1150.

·23 The legend of miraculons aid by the Goddess Dlata to Dulha Rae, and her injunction to rnise a Temple to her fame, formerly told of the conquest of Mach, is repeated with even greater detail regard. ing the terrible struggle in the Hills before the car. ture of Amber by his son Kankal. Kaised himself by Mata from the heaps of dead, all of his men, whom, by her direction, he called, also rose up, bealed and whole, so that the astonished Mlinas, finding their slain assailants of the one day, alive and attacking again the next, submitted eren before they were exhausted. A Temple was accordingly built at Amber, on the site it is believed of a still older, but ruder shrine, and ever since to this day, a goat is every morning beheaded in sacrifice at this fane of Amba Mata, which farther, is periodically visited, for religious ceremonies, by every Chief of Jaypur.

·24 PEACE WITH THE AMBER MINAS. BUT UT though the Amber Minas were conquered, and their Capital taken, they were not wholly subdued. Their clan had been the most powerful, their position the strongest, and their Chief the Head of the whole Mina confederation. The Kachhwaha Prince, in now making Amber his own Capital, granted them, for peace sake, favorable terms. They received a number of villages, and were taken into the Prince's service with the right to guard the Amber citadal and Treasury,—and these rights, after the lapse of seven or more centuries, they still hold. Indeed so jealous are they of their Amber trust, that a Mina Sipahi of the guard has been known to kill his son, when suspected of dishonesty in respect to his charge.

·25 The AMBER RAJ. this time, i.e., probably from about cal Annals, the Kachhwaha Raj, previously known by the name of the Country,'Dhundbar, began to be called after that of the Capital Amber, as, in more recent times, the same tendency bas prevailed, and the latter has been superseded by Jaypur. -0+00 ·26 PANJAWANS Reios. Dulih bwrdi. D. 1192. PISSING ISSING Over Kukal Rac's two next suecessors, lannoji and Janhar Dco, que come to lajjawan or Pajun, il Chiet famous of himself, and wlio fartler brings Amber Annals into touch with llic General History of India, in which, from his timconwards, this State has occupied a position of note. Pajjaran married thic sister of Prithi Raj the Chaulan king of Ajmere, who, succeeiling the Triar Iynasty, at Delli, became the last Jlimu Emperor, or Sovereign Paramount rciguing from that Imperial Capital. JIc was one of Prithi Raj's leading generals and was twicc engaged in repelling Musulman invasions from the North West, in one of which lie defeated Mubammad Shalab-ud-din Ghori in the Khaibar Pass and drove him back. lle was chiefly instrumental in the conquest of the Chandela Rajputs at Malioba in Bundelkhand, where he was then appointed Governor, and he wils one of tlic sisty four

·27
Chiefs sy honded Putlu Rn, in cuing off the Rath
or Puncess of hannu But on the first of the five
day's continuos battle arluch ensueel on their letno
ment Pajun wis sluin covering the lieu gurrd of
the forcc
Sucli is the neconnt quoted by Tod from the Diuil
Chini, and the local annals liere similarly refu liis
death to that battle with Jay Chand the Ri itlor king
of hannu
Cunningham loiresc, and also some local nc
counts place it ithic in the subsequent battle nt
Narına in A D 1193, between Pritht Raj and the
previously repulsed tolammad Shab ud din Ghon
in wurl battle Prithu Ry was defeated, and, being
captured, was murdered in cold bloo)
Thougu the precise dntc of the hunanj battle
is doubtful, it is shortly before thint of Xoranı 79
it was the realness produced by the brulian and
Ratuor feuds, ubich left Prithu Ray to fill to the
invuder the one serr, 15 lnd Jay Chund the nert
thought he himself, from Jerlory of the Claulian, is
snd first to nic fuorcil the insider

·25 Practically tlius the death of Pajun may, Tith some credibility, be placed about A. D. 1191-3. But as the local Jaypur annals; thile connecting it with the Kanauj battle, date it in Sambat 1151 or A. D. 1094-5, they have evidently, as remarked by Cunningham, made, at this stage of their chronology, a mistake, as near as may be, of just one century Thich mistake, if one follow the same authority, appears to hare increased to about a century and : half, when the successions are reckoned backyards to Dulla Rae and his coming, while it has gradually been eluminated in the succeeding generations, until at last the chronology of the local annals and thatof general Indian History come into agreement.com This seems the more probable as the six siccessors of Pajun, are credited in the local Chropologies with reigning 272 years and 8 months, or an average of 45 years each, a very extraordinary length for a consecutive series in those times of constant turmoil, frequent battle, and ever imminent premature death.

·29
After the earlier chronology las thus been
somewhat cleared, this Sketch can proceed with
greater erse, noticing the more distinguished Chefs,
and passing over the others

·:32 JJDAY KAR: Ibert J. D. 1367 to 1:58. SI EVEXTII in descent from lajjaran came L'day Karn), from one of wlose younger 2015 Bar-ingji, through his grandson Neru, is de- : ('?Blec tlic Varuka section of the Kachlwalias, to which belong the Rro Raja of Alvar a Territory 11011 constituting a separate Principality, and the Raja of Lniara, and other Chiefships still in Jaypur. Whilo, from another son Balcji, through his grandson Shaik haji, sprang the Shaikliawat Section of the kachliwalas, who, fighting for their own band in troublous times, orcrcame the Dusulman holders of the North-West of the Territory, a broad tract since known as Shaikhairati and now held by them is fondatories of the Jaypur State.

·Per J
D 150111/
for li l-ph" widt
Tolarointipu! 1777 Tiinami,

·32 BHAR MAL A. D. 1548–1574. FTER a period of some 20 years, occupied by intestine feuds and brief tenures of power, Bar Dal was the next distinguished Prince. Meanliile the power of the Musulman Emperors bad been growing, and, situated as Amber was on the. route between the seats of their power in Debli and Agra on the North and East, and Musalman conquests farther South, in Ajmere, Malva aud Gujarat, Bhar Aal naturally felt the neccessity of acknowledging the Emperors' supremacy. Attaching himself to Baber's fortunes, he afterwards received from Humayun, before the Pathan usurpation, the Mansab or Dignity of a Commander of 5000, as Raja of Amber. O tomto ·33 NARWAR AGAIN. HERE TERE, for a short time, under a side light, the old home of the Kachhwahas comes again into view, as a son of Bhim Sing, one of the young. er brothers of Bhar Mal, was, under the new relations with the Emperors, appointed, some time before A.D. 1600, Raja of Narrar, where this branch continued, with perhaps temporary interruption, until recent times. About A.D. 1696 the Fort appears to have been in the possession of the actual Ruler of Jaypur, the great Satae Jey Sing II. Near the close of last century the Bahrattas, under Sindia, captured the Fort from the Raja Manohar Sing, after which, however, his son Madho Sing stoutly kept up the strug. gle in guerrilla fashion, until at last settled down in the Estate of Paron, in which he was succeeded by his son Man Sing a man of some note in the stirring times of 1857---9, and a sturdy Rajput like his father.

·34
BHAGWAN DAs
A.D. 1574-1590.
Bllac
HAGWAN DAS, son of Bhar Mal succeed.
cil. He tras a friend of the great Akbar,
to whose son Selim, afterwards the Emperor Jahangir,
le gave, in A. D. 1586, a daughter in marriage, who
became the mother of the ill fated Prince Khusru.
Herc may be mentioned the Kos-Mlinar pillars
of Akbar, which may be seen streching across the
country past Jaypur, marking the distance and
route from Agra to Ajmere. The Kos here is about
2 miles, and the pillars, large and conical structures
of massive masonry,
bave of late years been kept in
repair by the Jaypur Government.

·35 MAN SING. A. D. 1590-1615. MAN AN SING neplies and successor of Bhagwan Das is described as one of the most brilliant characters, alike at the Emperor's Court, and in Indian Military History. He conquered Orissa for the Empire and made Assam tributary, and be held at various times the Governments of Bengal and Behar, the Dakban and Kabul, in which latter country, then a dependency of India, he maintained, with his Rajputs, the Imperial authority amid many and varied difficulties. Of that distant Viceroyalty interesting relics still exist at Jaypur (among other things) in a number of old Persian Carpets, brought back by him from Kabul, and which, after lying upconsidered or forgotten for more than a couple of centuries bare, Trithin the last few years, been brought out of the store-chambers of the palace, and are found of such beautiful design and tone, that they are of signal value as examples for modern art. Indecd, within a few days of writing this (November 1885] a freslı

·06
find of carpetry, tro centurica old, has just been
discotered at araber,
During his varice service in India proper, lan
Sing chiziner granits of land in several stics of the
Erapire, Beneres E., in which he erected great
Etrustársa, Paleres and Temples, still cailed, after
hirs, by the targe of Plan Mandir.

·37 PAGAT SING A.D. 1615–1622. The Jhalai branch. JAGAT. Sing [Tod says Bliao Sing] succeeded his father Man Sing, and may be mentioned, as from a younger son of his, named Jhujlar Sing, who receired the fief of Jhalai, is descended the branch which is considered the nearest not to the reigning family in case of failure of the direct line, as the conduct of Kirat Sing, a younger son of Jay Sing I, nest to be mentioned, who received the Kama estate, and, in the ordinary course would have occupied that position was held to exclude his branch from all rights of succession to the Throne.

·38 AY SING 1. THE MIRZA RAJA, A. D. 1622--1668. ECOND after Jagat Sing, came Jay Sing 1, on whom the Title of Mirza Raja and a Mansab of 6000 were conferred by the Emperor. Like his predecessor just named he was a great Military Commander, and rendered valuable service in that capacity to Aurangzeb. He it was who brought the famous Sivaji, the Founder of the Mahratta Power, to Court-under a pledge of safety from himself, but finding a risk of. this not being respected, afterwards aided in his escape. So powerful was the Mirza Raja, with many: thousand Rajput Cavalry under him, and numerous · Chiefs at his command, that at last the Emperor Aurangzeb is said to have thought him too powerful, and so to have compassed his death. S.

·39 SAWAI JAYSING 11. 4. D. 7700-1714. FOURTIafter the Mirza Nnja followcıl Jny Sing II, who is distinguishcd by tho pielie Sawae. . This word, meaning one and a quarter, or semething extra to the ordinary unit, was conforrel by the Emperor as aptly signifying Juy Sing's superiority over the common run of men, and it is still retained by his successors, and even npplical to the State itself which is stylcd Sawae Jaypur, During the latter years of Aurangzeb's reign Jay Sing II scrved with distinction in the Deklan, and, on that Emperor's dcaths, supported Princs, Azam and his sons in the war of succession. Then this ended in favor of l'rince Juazzino, ISTIN. ed the title of Bahadur Shah o Shah AS I, is latter wished to ecite Ambri III Joy Sing, who, lowever stor on las sit, is livre ditary Chief of the Country wise cf. 2 DE clan, and drove out the point, acowanie which he formal ristoraneo E Sing of Harr2r, f679*.21 SI 25. sie 107 goninEzadines SIE Z.

·Sawac Jay Sing was altogether a remarkable man, distinguished indecd as a soldier, but still more as a statesman and diplomatist, and most lastingly of all, as an Engineer, Mathematician, Astronomer and Patron of science generally. The period of his Rule for 44 years, extending from the last 6 of Aurungzeb's reign, through the troubled times which follored, and on to within 4 years of Itulammud Shal's death, abounded in every variety of difficulty and danger, comprising repeated wars of succession and murders of Emperors, the Sayyad usurpation of power and nomination of puppet sovereigns, the rise of the manly Sikhs, and sturdy Mahrattas, and the devastations of Nadir Shah. Set Satrai Jay Sing steered safely through all. He added to the power and prosperity of his own state, and, in the interests of his brother Hindus generally, he obtained, from the Emperor Muhammad Shah, the final abolation of the Jizya or Poll Tax on Non-Ilusalmans, which had previously been remitted by Akbar, but was reimposed by Aurangzeb, and he was successively appointed Governor of the Provinces of Agra and Malva under the Empire.

·41 Amidst all this, boterer, he found time to work as a man of science. He had Sanscrit translations inade of works on Geometry, Trigonometry and the then new system of Logarithms. He built observa. tories and supplied them with instruments largely of bis oiyn devising or improving, at Delhi, Mathura, Benares, Ujjain and in his new Capital Jaypur. The Dials and other larger instruments are of ma. sonry and, some of them of brass, mostly of immense size, as, in those days, the want of delicacy in scientific apparatus had to be compensated as far as possible by magnitude, the gnomon of the great Dial at Jaypur, for instance, being 100 fcet high to the top of the cupola which crowns it. The structures of the Observatory here, though neglected for a century until quite recent years, rc. main in considerable preservation,--and there are remains also of some of the other observatorics, as at Benares,—but the one in the Mathura fort, was, according to Grotse, broken up before the Mutiny year, and its materials carted away by a Governinent contractor. A number of bis çmaller instruments aleo bare been preserved at Jaypur, though their use is now ·4.2 little known, as well as his terrestrial globe, which, amonng other points of interest, shows tho Red Sea open from Mediterranean to Indian Ocean. From his observations he calculated the latitude of Ujjain to be 23-10, Dr. W. Hunter in 1793 estimated it to be 24 seconds more,-and in Dr. W. Hunter's Imperial Gazetteer of India, c1881, it is entered 23 -11 -10. Obtaining a copy of the astronomical Tables of De la Hire, published in 1702, he was able to make some corrections in them,-and from a long series of observations of his own, he prepared a set of Tables which, when completed in A. D. 1728, were named in honor of the then Emperor, Zij Muhammad Shahi, or the Tables of Muhammad Shah, and are still used by Indian astronomers in their computations, and in preparing the elaborate calendars needed for the many religious festivals of this country pe The Jaypur Chiefs have still grants of land in various parts of India, dating mostly from Sawae Jay Sing's time (though some may bave been obtained in that of Man Sing] and now almost all called

·43
Jay Sing Pura; as e. &. at Benares, Allababad,
Agra, Delhi, Mathura, Bindraban, and Faizabad
(close to the ancient Ayodhya)-Other grants also,
of the same periods are held in the Dekban and the
Berars.
The Emperor Farukhsir comferred on Jay Sing
II the insignia of the Mahi Muratib or standard of
the Fish and other Emblems in A. D. 1717-8,-and
that Monarch's Successor Muhammad Shah bestowed
the Title of Sawae a few years later.

·12 little known, as well as bis terrestrial globe, which, ainonng other points of interest, shows tho Red Sea open from Mediterranean to Indian Ocean. From bis observations he calculated the latitude of Ujjain to be 23-10, Dr. W. Hunter in 1793 estimated it to be 24 seconds more,--and in Dr. W. Hunter's Imperial Gazetteer of India, 1881, it is entered 23 -11 -10. Obtaining a copy of the astronomical Tables of De la Hire, published in 1702, he was able to make some corrections in them, -and from a long series of observations of his own, he prepared a set of Tables which, when completed in A. D. 1728, Tere named in honor of the then Emperor, Zij DIuhammad Shabi, or the Tables of Muhammad Sliab, and are still used by Indian astronomers in their computations, and in preparing the elaborate calendars needed for the many religious festivals of this country. fo The Jaypur Chiefs have still grants of land in various parts of India, dating mostly from Sawae Jay Sing's time (though some may bave been obtain. ed in that of Man Sing] and now almost all called

·43
Jay Sing Pura ; as e s. at Benares, Allahabad,
Agra, Delhi, Mathuri, Bindraban, and Faizabad
(close to the ancient Ayodbya)-Other grants also,
of the same periods are held in the Debban and the
Berars.
The Emperor Farukbsir comferred on Jay Sing
II the insignia of the Mahi Muratib or standard of
the Fish and other Emblems in A. D. 1717-8,-and
that Monarch's Successor Mubammad Shab bestowed
the Title of Sarcae a few years later.

·The Founding OF JAYPUR. D. 1728, AWAE Jar Sing Tas munificent in providing Sarais or Rest houses for Travellers, and in other public trorks,--but that which keeps him most vividly in memory is his laying out the ner Capital named after him Jaypur, Thich he found. ed in Sambat 1754 or A. D. 1728. The Hill-girt valley of Amber Tas not too cramped, and the rater of its rells, had, from the habitation of centuries, become un cholesome, so he left the valley, and moving 3 or 4 miles to the South .chose a spot on the plain, in the mouth of the reentering angle of the Southern bifurcation of the Am. ber Hills. There-in accordance rith old Hindu precepts of Architecture, notable for their general neglect in other Indian cities, but also for their strange adaptation to the teachings of modern science, hə laid out his Capital in an oblong rectangle of sis great blocks of square form, at one end increased by a seventh, with straight ·113 bronil streets crossing at night angles 253 nyen ing out into spacious soures at the intersections Of the nun disisions of the city the Police with its gardens, temples and stables the Observatory and other Courts and the many subordinato build ings, occupies one entire block So good in its simplicity is the plan of the city, thirt in der has sometimes been started that ? Laropean muy bire aided in the design But no grounds actually appear for this idea, and there tris plainly no need of such aid, is a scientific man like Satae Jay Sing, must clearly have been equal to lag ing out * geometric figure with straight lines and rigbt angleschile the necessity of removal from the cramped position, and crooked ways in the valley of the Amber Hills, must itself have suggested the correction of these inconvenience when a fresh start SFAS being made on za open plain An able man was sure to gatber able assistants around bim, and among these the samc of Vidus adlar, a Icarned Pandit, 18 still honorably remembered in connection with the scicatific and other pursuits of the Prince

·5
46
THE PAYPUP, State.
THIS
THIS State, henceforth to be known by the
name of its new Capital, Jaypur, reached the
Zenith of its power and fame in the time of Sawae Jay
Sing, from his being alike the Chief of an ancient
Principality, a really great Man, and a high Officer
of the Empire.
After his death in A. D. 1744, troubled times,
both without and within the State, long continued
with but short intermissions, until the establishment
of the British Paramountry in A. D. 1818 brought
peace and prosperity in its train.

·3. TRE TRIPLE ALLIANCE tim, super, and Jedirur. Å slapset the general History of India, cu: side the Jarfer Siste, is bere necessary. The Verlman Empire of Delki 1728 Low deeasing, bat ere sicce the rise policy of Akbs: had bees forsaken, it is tyraznical and capricious to the Nie tire States, 2d subject to intrigue and resolution wikin itself, while : ces and aggressire Power way growing up in the Descan and rapidly stretching to the North Amid the dangers lich surrounded them, the tkree leading States of Rajpatana riz Udayper, dispar, zod Jodhper bsd forzeed - alliance for mataal defenced presertation. Tte Jaka Raras o Cdsspar had never giren daughters in marriage to the Emperors, and retused ictermarrisge between their family and those of Chiefs who had done so, es c. c. the Usharjas of Jappar and Jodhpur fe, &c., while the practice ccatinged.-One point in the ner alliance was that intermarriage of the families should be resamed, but ·48 the Maba-Rana stipulated that a son by an Udaypur Princess in any of them should succeed to his father's State, in supercession of any elder son there might be by the daughter of another House. The alliance was intelligible, but this stipulation, by upsetting the rule of primogeniture long established and recognised for the succession to chiefships, and thereby certainly inciting Family discord, proved fatal, especially to Udaypur and Jaypur,- and, more especially so, from the means by which it was sought to be enforced. 040-

·SSRI SING.
A, D. 1744.1751.
M
AIIARAJA Sawac Jay Siog bad a son,
Isri Sing, already grown up, when he
married an Udaypur l'rincess, by whom he had a
son named Madho Sing.
On Jay Sing's death, Isri Sing naturally suc.
cceded, but the Mala-Rana of Udaypur supported
his nephery Madho Sing's claims with an army,
which was strengthened by a contingeat of Troops
from Sindia,
It is said that the Maharana'a troops, led by his
nobles did not care to fight in such a causc; wbich
is possible enough, as Isri Sing was married to a
daughter of the Rao of a Salumbar, a senior branch
of the Udaypur Family, and the Premier poble of
that State who himself, in his capacity of Commander
in Chich of the Devar Troops, led them aa the
occasion.
At any rate the Jaypur armar deltkem
and Sindia's men. The Jabar: at the

·50
conduct of his nobles, sacrificed a considerable part
of Mewar, and an enormous treasure, to induce the
Mahratta leader Holkar to attack and depose Isri
Sing,who succumbed, and presently died in A. D.
1751, being succeeded by Madbo Sing.
od

·51 CONSEQUENCES OF Seeking MAHRATTA AID, THE THE immediate loss to Dewar of territory and treasure, and the discomfiture of Isri Sing, were the least of the evils entailed by inviting Atabratta intervention in the Rajput quarrels, for the practice once begun was continued, and the Dlabrattas, when they had come, gencrally staid, and, with their allies the Pindaris, dominated and dispoilcd all parties, until almost the whole of Rajputana tras reduced to a dreadful state of anarchy and ruin, by their ruthless devastations, a condition of matters which continucd, more or less, until the entry of the British into the Province in the early part of the century.

·52 MADHO SING J. A. D. 1751-1768. MAD ADHO Sing I. was a firm Prince who, with his allies of Marvar, might have held his own against the Mahrattas, had he not, about this time, been harrassed by a new enemy, that Jats, rising into power on the North. He inherited, in some degree the scientific tastes of his great father, Sawae Jay Sing, and was a liberal patron of learned men at his Court. He founded the town of Sarvae Madhopur, named after himself, near the celebrated fortress of Rinthambhor, which, as will presently be mentioned, came into the permanent possession of Jaypur in his reign, and that town was laid out in the same regular manner as Jaypur. In the last year of Madho Sing's reign, a great battle was fought with the Jats under Jawahir Mal at Maonda-Mandholi, between Nimka Thana and- Babai, 60 miles direct North of Jaypur and 15 South of Khetri.-In this fight Jaypur was victorious, but

·53
lost so many of its chief nobles, slain on the field, that
the victory so gained vas disastrous.–from this
time Partab Sing Naruka, the Rao of Macheri thon
in Jaypur, began to aim at independence, and cre
long succeeded, his descendants, being now the
Chiefs of Alwar.
Four days after that fatal victory Madbo Sing I
died of Dysentry.
OHO

·54 RINTHAMBHOR. THE MHE great Fortress of Rinthambhor, constructed on a large and lofty isolated Hill, about 80 miles South East of Jaypur, in the Hilly country between the Banas and Chambul Rivers, bas a history of its own. Beseiged unsuccessfully in A. D. 1291 by Jalalud-Din. the Khilji King of Delhi, and again in 1299, by Alif Khan brother of his nephew and successor Ala-ud-Din accompanied by Nusrat Khan Wazir of Allahabad, the latter of whom was there killed, --it was at length taken in A.D. 1300, by Ala-ud-Din in person, after a seige of more than a year, when the Raja, [named Humbur Deo in Brigg's Ferishta] and his family and garrison were all slain. Subsequently it was lost by the Delhi Kings, and in 1516 is mentioned as belonging to Malwa ; and then in Humayun's time, about 1555, to have been taken hy the Raja of Bundi, from whom it was next captured in 1569 by Akbar. * 8

·duced, the Mahratta witor. time after
Itanniche
Proritas man inte
the South
In the
of Abra Si mama
Tere barnet III
Troops of Katun had
accommity sa zorta natin covered
for a coram
This Lommen er
Oficere, ut in meer het momento
Jehta, ć e separatione
تہمین چند وعدand pres
These, there for some
rould not resim it is een moderne
make it orer to be a man
This was like moment dans
Anup Sing the The Petrom
of Kandbar, a dare
Rinthambhior. Lo zioten
wards moved tozarile Jasper, wat ons
- intrco
met All

·50
a force from the latter place, were defeated at Kakor
between Uniara and Tonk in A. D. 1762.
The acquisition thus of Rinthambhor was in the
time of DIndho Sing I, about A. D. 1759, the last
year of Alamgir the second's reign.
The Imperial officers were retained in their
posts, and the hereditary dignity of the Kiladari or
Command of the Fort was conferred on the Thakur
of Pachewar and several of the leading Jaypur nobles,
including those of Chaumu and Bagru &c. &c. who
all supply contingents for its garrison.

·37
PRITHI SING AND PARTAB SING
A D 1768-1779-1863
A
ITCR Mudho Sing s denth his son PRITHI
Sing II, 1 inino succeeded, under the
gundianship of the mother of his younger bilf
brother Putab Sing, but died while still + young
man , iftei nommally reigning 11 years fiom A D
1768 to 1779
Although Puthi Sing left in infant son, Man
Sm, the queen Regent, mother of Partab Smg, a
Lady i nown as the Chandrawatji from being of the
Chindi ziyat section of the Sisodia Rajputs, placed
her own son PALTAB Sing, then still a minor on the
thionc, or Gadi (z e the cushion of state)
The child Van Sing is said to hare been len
first to luis mother s loine at Irlengurl and for
wards to Goriliar, where he gre ir uzpl muhout
de cloping qualities which reall
for any ex illed station
-: CI
During Putab SE
of his mother
**

·58 secured his independence and the country was greatly impoverished by Mahratta exactions. On attaining manhood, Partab Sing . proved himself a gallant Prince, but though, in conjunction with Marwar allies, he inflicted a signal defeat on Madhoji Sindia and his Mahrattas at Tunga, about 30 miles South East of Jaypur in A. D. 1789 nothing could permanently keep the country free from the Mahratta and Pindari hordes, which made Rajputana their hunting ground and preyed on all parties, more especially after the unfortunate battle of Patan, in the Tuarawati District of the North- East of Jaypur, in which a want of unity between the Jaypur and Jodhpur armies led to a defeat by Sindia's trained battalions, which thus retrieved the disaster of Tunga not long after its occurrence, and broke пр the Jaypur and Jodhpur alliance. Partab Sing's rule lasted for 24 years from A.D. 1779-1883.

·59 JAGAT SING J A. D. 1803-1878. ed his father and occupied the Gadi for 15 ycars, during which period nothing of good fortune for Jaypur has to be recorded, -except that Treaties (presently to be mentioned] were made with the British Government, which alliance by preserving the State from the progressive devastation and disruption which, in later reigns had been sapping its strength, gave it a new start in peace and prosperity. During this Prince's time the resources of Jaypur were unfortunately much dissipated, and great part even of Savae Jay Sing's Library was dispersed,-- grievous loss in the interests of Indian Kis. tory and Science.

·60 TREATIES WITH THE British GOVERNMENT A. D. 1803-1818. E following account of our Tréaties, then formed with Jaypur, is partly' quoted, and partly summarised, from Aitcheson. TE "In pursuance of the general policy of the British Government at the commencement of the Mahratta var,” a Treaty of subsidiary alliance was concluded by the Marquis Wellesley in December 1803 with Maharaja Jagat Sing. At first the Chief fulfilled its obligations imperfectly, and Lord Cornwallis, ivho resolved to abandon the system of subsidiary alliances, declared the Treaty dissolved, but, before this could be communicated to the Maharaja, the latter had heartily co-operated with Lord Lake, who assured him of continued support. “The policy of Lord Cornwallis, however, was adopted by Sir George Barlow, who,' notwithstand- ·61 ing the rumonstances of Lord I le mode Loth on grommels of good policy and good futb, ili olsed the allinucc hath Jaipur " The experienci of the il solution of this alle ince 19 considered to be very questionable by the Home Galernment trho in 1813 directed that Jarpur slıould agun be taken under protection of an orportunits oftend Orring homerer, to sundry causes the measure lind to bo po poned till it conld be adopted : part of a generu acheme for the suppression of the lindur In isli, chen Degotiations Tere renewed, there Trys at bir soule he ita*102 on the part of Jarpor, but the rilue and indæd der kr, of Treaty foits on see znF, coon betame aparat to it and 3 Inati in coniurgis made on Pad 1p) ISSI Titha time of the Vargas of Harga -rbeebr the payment to by k Gorransen elte... at the Vaal ( BSC II) Toned to par Twque era con communal amb Treat ·62 Here may be mentioned, also, the grant in De cember 1803, by the British Government, of the Kot Putli District to the Jaypur Fendatory, Raja Abhi Sing, Chief of Khetri in Shaikhawati,efor Military services rendered to Lord Lake, which grant Tas farther confirmed in 1806. The District is in the North East of Jaypur adjoining Khetri, and is still enjoyed by that Family.

·1
due subordination in future.rements historie
Die
cecie se
gert og som
condities to
establishment
and its great webla siis see
relinquishment of an internet to
during the minorice ci Chiran
wise of the Central anterior and even **
effect were arranged through the medias
David Ochterlony io diay 1€
accession, thereby all the
***

·6+ selves to the Bhatiyaniji Lady to be of good behaviour during her son's minority. Jay Sing III lived only to 17'}, years of age in Å. D. 1835, leaving an infant son Ram Sing under the guardianship of his mother a Chandrasat Lady. 0:41:0 1 ·65 RAM SING J Minority period A. D. 1835-18. the death of bis father Jay Sing III, two years of age, succeeded under the guardianship of bis mother the Chandrawatji Maji. The latter word meaning Lady-mother, is ap. plied to the Dowager Maharanis, who are each distinguished farther by the name of their parents' clan. Early deatlıs of Chiefs, from one cause or other, followed by minorities, and Regencies of Queenmothers or Majis, had of late years occurred several times in Jaypur, as instanced in the Regencics al. rcady noticed, viz those of The Chandrawatji Maji, tridor of Madlo Sing I, slep-mother of the minor Prithi Sing II, and mother of the minor Partab Sing this Lady being thus twice Regent. The Bhatiyaniji Inji, widow of Jagat Sing II, and mother of the minor Jay Sing III.

·66 The Chandrawatji Maji, widow of Jay Sing III, and mother of the minor Ram Sing II, [the late Maharaja] These Ladies, living closely in the Zanana, and being unversed thus in the outer porld, were evidently, as the results showed, not qualified for the Government of a State, more especially in difficult times, or even for exercising influence in State affairs. Communication betreen them and their Ministers could, according to Zanana rule, only be by intermediaries, often of an inferior class, and the uniform results in these cases were enrichment of the Majis, the officials, and the intermediaries, and undue usurpation of privileges by all three parties, together with corresponding disorder and impoverishment of the State. It rould not bere be convenient to quote from Tod, Brooke or Aitcheson particulars of the evils and commotions which abounded in the time of the Blatyaniji Maji, mother of the minor Jay Sing III, to her death in 1833, and, after this in the time also of the Chandraratji Maji, until Governpicnt was obliged to intervene effectively, in the interests alike מון ·67 of the young Maharaja Ram Sing, of the State, and of public tranquility. The evils which had grown in the time of the Bhatyaniji, came to a head in that of the Chandrawatji Maji, whose people, in order to throw discredit on officials striving for better Government, incited, on one occasion, an attempt on the life of the Governor General's Agent ( Colonel Alves] in which he Fas wounded, while in the riot ensuing, his Assistant [Mr. Blake) was murdered. The Government orders of 1st April 1839 to Colonel Sutherland, 'quoted by Brooke, remarked that "we had sufficient experience of the bad policy of yielding to the caprices of females claiming a right to interfere in the Government of Jaypur, and the present was the time to decide whether it is consistent with the prosperity of the country that a Zanana influence shall be exercised for many years to come over all the affairs of State." The Zanana influence, thus referred to by Go. vernment, bad in fact been long dominant, both in State and domestic affairs, and not for good in either, but traditions of porer and privilege, however ·08 irregularly acquired, die liard, anni arc long clung to by those who think they should inlicric thom. Riny Council was appointed in 1839-40, composed of nolules of the State, with the Political Agent is reforce in matters of importance, but, eren niter this, the Mji ulicr frienda, in order to retain the proces inore than once tried .force and sistunca, requiring the use of Troops, and involving lilool-lo.i, while, for his connection with one of these siturinees hy Afghan Vilayatis recently (neattnine:} l,; him, the Maji's brother tas banished the Capit:1 for ciglat years. The Chandraratji Maji died in A. D. 1958. The Council did good scrvice during the minori- T.8; sicceocling better, it was found, than mas possible for a single Vinister. Brooke remarks that "by adopting the plan of the Council, we got all the most powerful Chiefs on our side, rich otherrise re should not have had." Again, in no Native State in India bad so many great and beneficial measures been inaugurated

·1
*
in so short a time 15 were introduced by the Jiy pur
Council of Regency
"Not only did the Council of Regency un ler
Major Ludlow, issue the enactment agunst Satı but
they also made other laws gunst female infıntıcıde,
slavery, eractions of the Bluts Chians cc
Mnudrijr Ram Sing laving been born
August or September 1832, was considered to buve
attrinci his majority in 1851, and was then invested
with power
in
040

·70 MAHARAJA RAM SING, In power, A. D. 1851--1878. A FTER passing through the difficulties and even dangers of his minority, the young Maharaja gradually developed into a Ruler of singular intelligence and enlightenment. He did good service in the mutinies, placing at the disposal of Government all his available, Troops, which, marching beyond the North East Jaypur Frontier, punished a number of the plundering Mewati villages, rescued several Europeans, and escorted them safely to Agra. At the Capital he kept order chiefly with the Nagas, a strong and sturdy body of Military celibates of a semi-religious order, who were as staunch and faith. ful to their Prince as obedient to their religious Chiefs, while in the lofty Nabrgarh or Tiger-fort ovorlooking the city, were safely housed some European Families.

·71 Tor his services at this time he receired from the British Government the District of Kot Kasım Such service, he vas, both as a Rajput, and the Herr of many gallant ancestors sure to render --It 18 therefore even more to lis credit that, as he grew older, he gave increasing attention to the improve ment of the administration and internal condition of his State Much vis effected by the Regency Council during the minority, but this was merely the foundation of that tas needed -An immensity was nest done by the late Maliaraja Ram Sırg himself, and, of even he could not accomplish all that is desirable, still a movement in the right direction was thoroughly established, which has been carried on, and has every prospect of being continued, and farther pro. moted by his successor The Inte Chief found the State in debt - he left it rcalthy, after liberal expenditure on every liberal measure and cspecially on public vorhs ed charge, with the elements of respectable Government but recently established by the Council ,-- at his death, there pas really a very completc Icchan- He receiv ·72 ism of administration in every Department, however much improvement was still desirable in parts of the material and its working, while the Council had become a fully naturalised institution. of the great qualities, acquirenrents or doings of the most gifted of his predecessors, a list was current called " Ek sau nao gun Sawae Jay, Sing ke," Thich Tod renders as the "one hundred and nine actions of (Savae] Jay Sing." It would be tedious to try and emulate, in number, such a detail for the late Maharaja, nor is it necessary, for the brief summary to be presently given, of the more notable of his works and improvements, will show that he has left many monuments to witness for him,--and though one of the most valuable of these is the gift to a dry and thirsty country- both to city and field, for man, beast and cror, of that element which is often deemed a fitting emblein of instability, it may be hoped that, perennially renewed by Heaven as this gift is, it will prove, even more lasting of itself, as it certainly will be in the hearts of his people, than any brazen monument, such as the Ancients thought the very type of enduring permanence.

·73 The late Maharaja mas a Knight Grand Commander of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India,--an Imperial Councillor and Companion of the Ordes of the Indian Empire, and he was also a Member of the Legislative Council of India from 1869 to 1873. He died on 18th September 1880, after having selected a young relative to succeed him.

·7.1 MAHARAJA Madho Sing The present Chicf. TIS IIE Relative nominated by Maharaja Ram Sing on his death bed was Kaim Sing, of the Isarda division of the Jhalai Section of Rajawats of the Jaypur Family, Rajawat is the name taken by all the later offshoots of the direct line of Prithi Raj, after his youngcr sons, as mentioned in an earlier paragraph, had been severally grouped in "the twelve Kotris” with separate Estates assigned them,-and Jhalai is the principal Rajawat offshoot, as well as the one 'most nearly related to the ruling Chiefs of later years. Kaim Sing, accepted by all the Family, and approved by Government, ascended the Gadi under the name of MADHO SING II. He was then, [in September 1880] 19 or 20 years of age, and, to ensure his gradual initiation in the work of administration, this as cntrusted to the Council under the joint presidency of the Resident and the young Clief, ·73 In September 1882 he is invested with full pomers, with the proviso that, for some time, he should consult the Resident before altering any pio ceedings of the minority, or mihing important changes in the administration Succeeding as 1 minor to the Cinefslıp of Jaypur,' in which memories of former minorities are still, in some quarters, cherished, the young Maliaraja lad many difficulties to contend with in bis new position,--but tliese, it may be hoped, will yield in time to quiet perscverzace in what is right and rensonable IIe fully resolved to inaintun all tlic good measures introduced by the late Mazraja, and to carry them forward in the sine direction of improvement Various measures, begin by his predecessor, base in fact already receired a decided espansion, and others, altogether new, Lave been started during the short time Madho Sing II has been on the Gadı But instead of noting thesc lcre, it will be better to give them in a subsequent para as a sequel to the works of his picdccessor ·76 THB JAYPUR TERRITORY, THE THE Jaypur Territory comprises an area of 15,250 square miles, with a population of 2,523,949 by the census of 1881. The total Revenues, if those of Fendatories and Jagirdars are included, are considerably over 100 Laks or a Million sterling, of which the State Revenue proper is nearly one half or some 53 Laks. Roughly speaking, the country is for the most part an open plain, with an elevated tract, of some 1500 feet above Sea level, traversing the centre near Jaypur, but falling away in every direction except the S. W. and N. E. The plain is however diversified by Hill, in ridges, ranges, groups and isolated heights. Looking first at the West and North of the Territory, a series of undulating ranges or ridges, here and there interrupted, runs from the S. W. to N. E. in the former direction blocking, from escape to the West, the waters of the Sambhar Salt Lake, which belongs jointly to Jodhpur and Jaypur,- ·77 farthe North permitting the Kanth River to piss through to the NW at Sonant to lose itself in the sands of Shuklawati and Bihaner,--and still more to the North East joining the Khetri Hills In the centre of the State, the Hills from Jaspur and Amber, though frequently interrupted also yun Nouth to the Khetri Hills, and North Lust to those of Alwar In the cast also, ranges from Lalsot run North Last to the Frontier, letting the Bangunga River escape in the first nimed direction, by 1 gyp ner Mowah Ramgırh, to the adjoining Bhartpur lemtory, (as 50 miles farther bach in its course, i e to the West, in the centre of Jus pur, it similarly emerges from the central ranges by a gap near the Jamya Ramgarh already referred to] To the South Last, about Rinthambhor betreen the Binas and Chambal, are other ranges with the sime general [North East] direction,-and in the South, at Rajmahal and the Banas, are fills again It is in these Southern parts that the best Garrict mincs of the State are situated ·78 It may, somewhat summarily, be said that Jaypur is on the Waterparting of this part of India, or rather on the commencement of the Eastern , slope. 1 In this position there are no great lowlands or valleys naturally stored with, or retentive of water. The Rainfall averages about 25 inches. The Soil varies from mere sand in the North and West (Shaikhawati) to a light sandy clay in the East, and a rich black Earth in the South,-but, in the greater part of the area, Sänd predominates. Water is far from the surface (80 to 100 feet in the Sandy tracts of Shaikhawati in which, hotever, there are Oases of cultivation, and numerous walled towns with fine stone-built houses, the homes of Seths or Native Bankers and Merchants, who carry on business in all the great cities of India and even beyond it. In other parts water is l'easonably near [ 20 to 40 feet], but every where the level seems to be sinking, whether this be from increasing denudation of the land, through clearance of Jungle and cutting 6 ·79 of trees, -or from the all ilig in Sindy ground gi? dually deepening their beds, and so druining the ground loss ei tuan formerly, or from some other less obvious cause Trees grov vell even in the sind, wben tended for several yeurs it first, and there are fine avennes thus rerred at Jaypur, where (clear of the Hills] there is nothing but sand to any depth yet reached The Hills, where preserved, brve a moderato gronth of small trees and Scrub Jungle, but consump tion appears fır beyond natural reproduction Under the foregoing conditions of country, the vital necessity of Sto, age lales for irrigation, as promoted by the late Jabar yr, and of l'orest Conser tancy, now being started by the present Clief, wall bc apparent enough ·SO Some MEASURES OF THE LATE MAHARAJA RAM Sing ! PART from general improvements in the administration, some special measures of the late Maharaja merit notice under the headings of Public Works,- Medical InstitutionsEducation, - and Science and Art. Public Torks Tus [S Department was started about 1860, under Colonel Price, and has, since 1867, been under Lieutenant Colonel S. S. Jacob, the Exccutive Engineer of the State. Up to the death of the late Maharaja in September 1880, some 49 Laks had been spent on Roads, Tanks and Buildings, besides several Laks more under a separate Imarat. or State Works Office.

·81
Of Roads constructed, the principal is the Agra
and Ajmere Highway, now somewhat superseded by
the Railway, which bisects the State, forking at
Bandikai for Agra and Delhi, and at Phalera for
Ajmere and Sambhar &c.
Irrigation Torks, including those constructed
under the present Chief, number above 100, large
and small, capable of irrigating some 32,000 acres.
The Arca in square miles of the larger Lakes 19, of
Tori just completed, 6)-Kalak 2 --lora 2-
Klur 12-and Buchara nearly finished 14 -
Projects are ready for stil? larger rescrvoirs on
the Banganga at Jamra Ramgarh, and the Banas
on thic Ajmere frontier.
City Water TForks, started in 1872 and opened
in 1875. The Water is pumped by Steam Engines
from the Amani Shah Stream into a high lerel
Reservoir, whence it flors in pipes to the city with
frec taps in all thic streets.
City Gas Iords.-Started in 1878-Gay it in:
made from Castor, but now from Kerozine ul, in
manufacture from thich sundry improvement 115

·28
82
been made by Mr. S. J. Tellery in charge, under
Colonel Jacob, - Streets and Mainroads lighted free.
Albert. Hall, in the Public Gardens Foundation
laid by H. R. H. The Prince of Wales. Intended for
Public Hall, Museum and Library. A large and
handsome structure, with much beautiful carved
marble work, which Colonel Jacob has had designed
and adapted from the finest examples of old Indian
stone carring. --Not yet completed.--Will cost some
5 Laks.
Mayo Hospital also in the gardens. Foundation
laid by Lord Mayo.
Mayo Statue in the gardens. Bronze by Forsyth,
a duplicate of that at Cockermouth. Erected by
late Maharaja in memory of bis Friend.Unveiled
by Lord Northbrook.
Ram Newas Public Gardens --Area 76 acres.
Site chosen by late Chief to be near the city and thus
convenient to the people--Besides the Albert Hall,
Mayo Hospital
and Mayo Statue,--there are good
Zoological collections of Beasts and Birds.

·83 Medical JNSTITUTIONS THE Medical Department of the State vas first started on a small scale in the time of the late Chief's minority, since which it has gradually developed until now, when, including some nery Diſpensaries established under the present Maharaja, it comprises one First class Institution, the Mayo Hospital at the Capital, and 21 other Dispensaries and Hospitals throughout the Territory, of which latter class 5 are supported by Fendatories. l'accination was started in 1870, and last year there were 53,173 children vaccinated. These institutions are under the Residency Sur. gcon, Dr. T. H. Hendley, on whose care in mak. ing them popular, as well as on the Maharaja's liberality in supporting them, their success depends.

·EDUCATION JIE Muharaja's College at Jaypur was found- THE ed in 1841. The languages taught are English, IIindi, Urdu and Persian. Teaches up to F. A. Standard of Calcutta University, and Suas over 1000 students. The Sanscrit College, founded in 1865. Number of students 217. The Rajput Schoe? for sons of Nobles. Found. ed in 1862, Scholars 33. The Girls School, with sereral branches. Founded in 1867. Scholars in all 356. Under the Misses Joyce. The Sale Salons in the Distries Iumber 4, Tith over 1000 pupils, besides other sided and indigenous Scicots. The Puit rury and Recairg Pison. Esse bistan in 1966.

·تع
SCIENCE AND 4PT.
VER since the time of the Astronomer.
Science and Art has lingered at Jaypur, but this is
now having a richer development.
The late Chief established a small Netcorological
Observatory, but unfortunately under circumstances
preventing full success, -and also a Natural History
Museum, but, finding this not anster expectations, be
abolished it.-The Observatory and Museum now
existing date thus from the present Chicf's time as
hereafter noticed.
A School of Arts, was established by the late
Chief in 1866, under Dr. De. Fabeck, and for the
last 10 years it has been under a native Principal.-
Drawing, designing, and most sorts of Art vork in
metal and pottery &c. &c., are taught.
Tastc or ability in Art is inborn or bred by
long training, and is not to be summarily created, -
but there is no doubt the School bas, in its time,
done good work and diffuscd better koorledge among

·86 workmen, so that articles, once a speciality of the School manufacture, are 1101 nade and sold in the ordinary bazar, while lads, after being versed in simple drawing, become apt draughtsmen and designers when brought under the advanced practical training of Colonel Jacob's Architectural Departinent.

·87 Some MEASURES OF THE PRESENT MAHAPAJA THESE may be noticed in the same order already taken. GENERAL IMPROVEMENTS. Transit duties, remitted on grain by the Inte Mabaraja, have now been entirely abolished on all articles except Opium and other intoxicants. A trained Native Judicial oficer has been obtain. cd from tuc Panjab Government, to serve as Ven. ber of Council herc. To learn District Il'ork as conducted in our Pro. vinces, two students have beon sent to the Panjal), supported by the Darbar. For Engineer Training, arrangements are not in progress for getting students from Jaypur educatcd at tlic Rurki College.

·88 Similarly for Female Medical Work, two educated native women have been sent at the cost of the Darbar to learn at the Female Medical School at Agra. Foresi Conservancy has been taken up-Four Jay. pur Students are supported at the Dehra Dup Forest School.—A forest Ranger has been obtained from Government for three years, and a skilled Forest Officer for the current season to draw up a scheme for this State, to be afterwards worked under Colonel Jacob. The Garnets found in this State are said to be the best in the world, but the Mines, though long known, were, owing to various circumstances, not worked of late years, except surreptitiously by individuals, until last year, 1884, when they were taken in hand by the Darbar, and found most productive. Public Il'orks - In the five years since the present Chief's accession, 37 Laks have been devoted to Public Works, including those under the previously separate Imarat or State Works Office. In this period some of the largest Irrigation works, e. g. the Tori and Buchara Lakes have been undertaken.

·$9
Irigation licie
pays
the State a good percentage
on its outlas, besides the still larger profit to the
Cultus ator on his labor , so it is popular with all,
result inunly due .o the care of the Engineer for the
interests of both parties, and his considerition also
for the wishes and feelings of the people, by whom
Colonel Jacob s name rill long be remembererl, with
those of the inte ind present Maharajıs, as bringing
water to their thirsty fields
A Steam Ilydi aulic Cotton Press has just been
crected at Jaypur for the convenience of the cotton
tinde
A preliminary Surrey las been made for n Rail
way from Jaypui South fast to Swae Vidhopin
and the liontier of the gi un producing Territory of
hotrk, and, if not presented in any way,
this linc can
readily be made economically by the Darbar in tlie
sımc minner as the Jodhpur State Rulsay

·90 SCIENCE AND ART. The aſeteorological Instruments provided by the late Maharaja were in 1881, at the suggestion of the Residency Surgeon, placed in a suitable position, and supplemented by others, with a staff of trained observers attached, under the supervision of the officer just named The principal instrument in the original set was an Osler's improved Anemograph,—but in 1882 was added a Van Rysselberghe's Meteorograph, a wonderfully delicate, complex automatic instrument. It is one of two in this country, but the only one as yet in regular working . The institution is now an Observatory of the first class, and sends daily telegrams to our Meteorological Department, Though the old natural History SIuseum was abolished by its founder the late Chief-the need was soon felt of another of a different sort, viz an Economic and Industrial Muscum ; and this also was started in 1881, at the suggestion of the Residency

·Surgeon, Dr. T. II. Hendler, Foss FORT
cretary bas done so much to promozione
Natives have thoroughly taa
zote
millions basing risited it size is

·92 place:-work in brass, marble, pottery and lacquared Frare,--and in dying the innumerable patterns and tints of Sanganer Chintz-JFbile the finer felts of Malpura may also be classed :Fith Art productions. The Estensire tork in cutting and polishing garnets, mined in the State, and exported to Europe, also merits notice. The Food Carring of Shaiklatati is something itonderful to be by common village carpenters, ordinarily engaged in the roughest pork, and with employment hitherto for their art merely in carving doors and windotrs for the rich Seths Tho have their houses there. This carved rork Till be seen in the handsome Teak Food screens being sent from Jaypur to the London Eshibition. JEIPORE,Printed at the "RuJ" Press.

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