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·Memorandum regarding the present relations between the Maharana and his Sardars. a The grievances of the Mewar Sardars against the Durbar were fully stated in representation of 53 paragraphs forwarded to the Resident with a hhut dated 23rd January 1899, and a memorandum on the subject was submitted to the Agent to the Governor-General by Colonel Ravenshaw with his d.o letter dated 2nd March 1899 No further action appears to have been taken in the matter at that time Soon after ny arrival at Udaipur in 1900, a copy of the representation submitted to Colonel Ravenshaw was sent to me by the Sardars with an Lnglish letter dated 15th July 1900, beggings mne to tale upon myself the settlement of their differences with the Durbar, and urging me to recommend to the Maharana thut the Committee ot Sardars and Officials originally nominated by the late Maliarana, but never actually asscmbled owing to his premature death, should not be reappointed with a view to a final settlement of all disputes. action Having only lately taken ouer curge of the Residency, I was obliged to deſır taking any at the time, but I have lost no opportunity since of enquiring into the ex.ct position of affairs and of ascertains, as far .>> possible, the rights of the case it will be remembered that the last Serious attempt to settle the differences bctueen the Darbar and its feuditories through the niediation of Political Oflicers was made in 1855-37 Thus att inpt proied entirely abor. tvc although a "kwinamah" was drawn up and actually signed both by the Habarana Sarup Singh and many of the Icading Chiefs, wit ·2 was found impossible to enforce its provisions without constant interference on the part of the Political Agent, and eventually it was cancelled, 4. Shortly after the Mutiny Narana Sarup Singh died and was succeeded, first, by Maharana Shambhu Singh and, then, by Sajjar Singh, and in cach case there was a minority administration for som:" yers, which server to gradually allay the bitterness that had previously existed between the parties and to bring the Jagirdars, if not to il coinplete Sellre vi rivir obligations to the Durbur, nevertheless to the knowledge that any resistance in sustained contumacy, 215 was practised by Salumber and other Chicrs in the time uſcire Lawrences, had become an impossibility, ilciles 5. Other causes which, during the 30 years subsequent to the Mutiny, helped wwards breaking down all Serious and Overticis of resistance on the part of the Jagirdar's, were : (1) the personal influence and conciliatory policy exercised by both Shambliu Singh and Sajjan Singh, after they had been invested with full powers, in their dealings with the Jayirdars; (2) the passing away of all the more refractory and conservative Chiefs and the succession cither of minors or of youny Sardars trained in a progressive and peaceful school of thought and action. more 6. Of Maharana Shambhu Singh it was said in the Annual Report for the year 1874-75 mentioning his early death, that “His Highness "had succeeded in acquiring the love and ad- "miration of all who came in contact with him "and the devoted respect of his subjects gener- "ally. His rule was beginning to produce a "very beneficial effect on the country generally. “ He had drawn towards him the Chiefs and “smoothed long-standing differences; he was "becoming acquainted with the wants and redressing the grievances of his people and "his demise was the cause of universal and "sincere grief to the whole population.".

·3 7 His successor, Sajjan Singh, after a short minority, went a step further and, not content with merely courting popularity, endeavoured, with some success, to deal with the difficult question of the civil and criminal jurisdiction to be exercised in future by the Chiefs in 1878 «fter making an extensie tour through. out his territories and visiting most of the Chiefs at their own liomes, he framed a set of Rules defining their powers, known as the “Kalambandi," the terins of which are given in page 161 of the printed Annual Report for Ratputana for 1878-79 This was subscribed to by most of the leading Sardars (as per margin), including the Chief of Shahpura From the year 1878 till the time of his death in 1884 hus relations with his Jagirdars apparently remained on a friendly and. Satisfactory footing, although it appears that, beyond appointing a Committee of Sardars and Officials, which was never actually assembled, to enquire into the grievances of the Jagirdars, this Chief took no further active steps to settle pending questions The Raja of Bunera. Ray Rana of Sadı. Rao cf Beila Rao of Bijolia. Rao of coun Kaj or Deliara. Raool Amet. Rao of hanore. Thakur of Bedtor. Rao of Parsoft Raouf korabar. R o of Asind Thakur of Lawa. . 10 8 It will thus be scen that, between 1861 and 188.1. when the present Maharana was elevated to the gadi, tlic grievances of the Jagirdars and tle claims of the Durbar for service, etc, though never actually enquired into or settled, had gradually passed from the acute stage of otert resistance on the one hand and appeals for our active assistance and interference on the othier to a condition which promised a comparatirely simple solution of the difficulty by friendly discussion and mutual concessions, and, if Sajjan Singh's health had not so completely brohen down during the last few years of his short life, there is little doubt that a settlement agrecable to all concerned might have been arrived at 9 Unfortunately the accession of the present Maharana was the signal for a renewal of the strife, though still on entirely peaceful and academical lines, and, so far from any Settlement having been achieved, the differences between the Durbar and the Jagirdars have, if any thing, been accentuated and again brought to a head within the last few years This condition of affairs, however, should rot, as is ·4 generally supposed, be attributed entirely, or even chiefly, to the attitude taken up by the Maharana. There is no doubt that he is not endowed with the friendly and sympathetic disposition enjoyed in so 'eminent a degree by his two immediate prederessors and he is inclined to treat every question which comes before him from a strictly academical and, therefore, somewhat narrow and one-sided point of view. He examines closely into every detail and having satisfied himself that his view of a case is the right one and is supported by documents and historical facts, perhaps centuries old, he then steadily resists all attempts at a comproinise. On the other hand, the Jagirdars, having themselves selected the present Maharana to succeed Sajjan Singh, on the supposition that, being illiterate and having been brought up in comparative obscurity, they would easily bend him to their will, undoubtedly took advantage of the situation and began to advance claims to which they were not entitled, and to avoid their obligations. In this tney were supported by many of the highest Raj officials, who · remained all-powerful for a time, until it began to dawn on the Maharana that he was being deceived and cajoled into granting concessions and condoning irregularities, which if he had been loyally served at first, he would never have allowed. The result was that he became exceedingly suspicious and determined to trust one but to ascertain for himself exactly what had been the position of affairs in the times of former Maharanas, before Mewar became a prey to the Mahrattas--the position, in fact, which Tod, by his “ Kaulnamah," attempted to restore, but which, for various reasons, has never to this day been attained. no IO. It comes, therefore, to this, that the v Sardars, although they ask for a settlement based on ancient custom, seem to have forgotten what these customs were at a time when Mewar was prosperous and the Maharana all-powerful, and only remember the period when, owing to the weakness of the central authority, they became practically independent of all control. On the other hand, the Maharana wishes to revert to a condition of things which prevailed -complywith-such-orders-is-they-considefeathey..

·5 up to the time of Sagram Singh II (A D 1716-1734), who is represented as a patriarchal ruler-wise, just and inflexible, very interesting account of this last great and really independent chief of Menar is given in pages 349-353 of Tod's Rajasthan, Volume I), and ignores altogether the period of anarchy and weakness xxhich lasted nearly a century, and from the effects of which, in spite of Tod's heroic efforts on their behalf, subsequent Maharanas have never quite recovered II As soon as the Maharana had emancipated himself from the control of his Minister Pana Lall in 1894 and had taken over the administration of the State entirely into his own hands, he found that the Jagirdars, with the connivance of some of his officials, had been presuming on the sll-health of his predecessor during the last few years of his life, and, afterwards, on his own ignorance and want of experience, and had not only become very remiss in respect to their obligations of service, but had assumed powers and certain emblems of sovereignty to which they were not entitled by their sanads He, therefore, let it be known that those Jagırdars who had not agreed to the "Kalam bandı" of 1878 were pot entitled to exercise judicial authority without permission of the Durbar at all, and certainly not in excess of that prescribed by the terms of the " Kalambandı,' and forbad them to carry in the State processions at the capital certain " Insignia" to which he considered, after careful enquiry, that they were not entitled I 2 These measures led to abstention on various and flimsy excuses of several of the leading Jagirdars from attending at Udaipur at the Dasehra, and to the submission of the joint-representation, above noticed, to Colonel Ravenshaw and myself It is not the case that the Jagirdars do not now ever come to Udaipur, but they generally manage to arrive after the Dasehra festivities are over, or, if they come at the proper time, they generally plead illness so as to avoid joining in the processions Apart, however, from such more or less feeble and passive acts of resistance on the part of the Jagırdars, and a general reluctance to ·4 generally supposed, be attributed entirely, or even chiefly, to the attitude taken up by the Maharana, There is no doubt that he is not endowed with the friendly and sympathetic disposition enjoyed in so 'eminent a degree by his two immediate prederessors and he is inclined to treat every question which comes before him from a strictly academical and, therefore, somewhat narrow and one-sided point of view. He examines closely into every detail and having satisfied himself that his view of a case is the right one and is supported by documents and historical facts, perhaps centuries old, he then steadily resist: all attempts at a compromise. On the other hand, the Jagirdars, having themselves selected the present Maharana to . succeed Sajjan Singh, on the supposition that, being illiterate and having been brought up in comparative obscurity, they would easily bend him to their will, undoubtedly took advantage of the situation and began to advance claims to which they were not entitled, and to avoid their obligations. In this tney were supported by many of the highest Raj officials, who remained all-powerful for a time, until it began to dawn on the Maharana that he was being deceived and cajoled into granting concessions and condoning irregularities, which if he had been loyally served at first, he would never have allowed. I he result was that he became exceedingly suspicious and determined to trust no one but to ascertain for himself exactly what had been the position of affairs in the times of former Maharanas, before Mewar became a prey to the Mahrattas--the position, in fact, which Tod, by his Kaulnamah," attempted to restore, but which, for various reasons, has never to this day been attained. IO. It comes, therefore, to this, that the v Sardars, although they ask for a settlement based on ancient custom, seem to have forgotten what these custoins were at a time when Mewar was prosperous and the Maharana all-powerful, and only remember the period when, owing to the weakness of the central authority, they became practically independent of all control. On the other hand, the Maharana wishes to revert to a condition of things which prevailed meomply-with-such-orders-is-they consider the you ·5 up to the time of Sagram Singh I (A D 1716-1734), who is represented as a patriarchal ruler-kise, just and inflexible, (a very interestng account of this last great and really independent chief of Mekar is given in pages 349-353 of Tod's Rajastlian, Volume 1), and ignores altogether the period of anarchy and weakness which lasted nearly 2 century, and from the effects of which, in spite of Tod's heroic efforts on their behalf, subsequent Maharanas have never quite recovered 11 As soon as the Maharana had emancipated himself from the control of his Minister Pana Lall in 1894 and had tahen over the administration of the State entirely into his own hands, he found that the jagırdars, with the connance of some of his officials, had been presuming on the ill-health of his predecessor during the last few years of his life, and, afterwards, on his own ignorance and want of experience, and had not only become very remiss in respect to their obligations of service, but had assumed powers and certain emblems of sovereignty to which they were not entitled by their sanads He, therefore, let it be known that those Jagırdars who had not agreed to the "Kalambandı" of 1878 were pot entitled to exercise judicial authority without permission of the Durbar at all, and certainly not in excess of that prescribed by the terms of the “ Kalambandı,' and forbad them to carry in the State processions at the capital certain " Insignia to which he considered after careful enquiry, that they were not entitled 11 12 These measures led to abstention on various and flimsy excuses of several of the leading Jagırdars from attending at Udaipur at the Daschra, and to the submission of the joint-representation, above noticed, to Colonci Ravenshaw and myself It is not the case that the Jagirdars do not now ever come to Udaipur, but they generally manage to arrive after the Dasehra festivities are over, or, if they come at the proper time, they generally plead illness so as to avoid joining in the processions Apart, however, from such more or less feeble and passive acts of resistance on the part of the Jagirdars, and a general reluctance to .

·6 can disobey with impunity, there is nothing in their attitude which need cause any alarm, or which is likely to lead to any breach of the peace, In fact, they have become so enervated and feeble from many years of inaction, and their resources in men and arms, once so formidable, are now so reduced and antiquated, that they are incapable of any kind of active resistance and there is no leader aniongst them under whom they could combine in opposition to any orders that the Durbar might choose to issue. 13. The time would, therefore, appear to be favorable, especially from the Durbar's point of view, for a final settlement of the whole dispute. The Maharana has by long and careful research made himself thoroughly acquainted with the rights of the whole case, and the forces at his disposal are more than sufficient to overawe the smallest show of resistance. The Jagirdars on the other hand have become so enfeebled by the fact that so 'many of them at the present time are either minors or "hopelessly steeped in debt, that they could not for any length of time hold out against the Durbar's orders and their only resource would be to petition the Political authorities, who, in my opinion, should give both parties to understand that no interference of any kind will be exercised in a purely internal affair of this kind, provided that the public peace is not disturbed, and that the Resident is satisfied that the Durbar's claims are just and reasonable and in accordance with the ancient customs of the State, modified where necessary to suit modern conditions. 14. I am convinced, after a careful examination of the history of these disputes, that a policy of strict neutrality on our part and of leaving the Maharana to manage his Jagirdars without our interference is the only way that the question can ever be settled. 15. In the first place, the Maharana is far too cautious to take any step which would necessitate our interference in the interests of the public peace or which would give the Jagirdars any substantial grounds for complaint, by which I mean to imply grounds which he could not satisfactorily disprove from documentary evidence and undoubted historical facts.

·7 Secondly, I am bound to confess with reluctance that the present race of Mewar Jagirdars is scarcely deserving of our sympathy and support I am on terms of friendship and even intimacy with most of them, and I have always found them extremely courteous, well-bred and pleasant to deal with But as Rajput Jagirdars, whose duty it is to be ever ready to serve the State and act as its chief mainstay and support, with very few exceptions, they are an effete and useless body Surrounded by a halo of romance and tradition they derive all the dignity and respect which they still enjoy from the reputation of their ancestors of whom they are in most cases very unworthy descendants Beyond paying a very small tribute to the Durbar, called "chhattoond," which is based on a rent-roll now long out of date, they contribute nothing towards the increasingly heavy expenditure incurred by the Durbar for the maintenance of law and order and for meeting the requirements of modern progress, though sharing in its bencfits Their so-called troops are a mere rabble, are useless as police and render no real assistance to the Durbar, while they themselves, in many cases, have become so effeminate, by living a life of luxury and idleness, that they find it most irhsome to attend at the capital when summoned and experience great difficulty 11 mounting their horses or joining in any form of manly exercise They neglect, too, the education of their sons and raise the strongest objections to sending them to the Mayo College 16 Is it to be wondered at that the Maharana, with his strong sense of duty, his active and abstemious habits and his pride of race, should be inclined to despise the pretensions of such degeneratc Rajputs and to take little heed of their petty excuses and complaints ? 17 I cannot pretend to give a decided opinion as to the manner in which every separate dispute should be settled, but the following analysis of the Jagirdars' grievances and the Durbar's claims will give some general idea of the present position of affairs as compared with that aimed at in Tod's "Kaulnamah as supplemented by the second "Kaulnamah" of 1840 17 ·8 IS. First, then, as regards the Sardars' grievances. Thiese are contained in the list of grievances submitted first to the Durbar in 1898, and then to this office, as previously stated. They are 53 in number, but may be condensed under the following ten heads :- I.--Interference with their criminal and civil jurisdiction and their authority over their subjects contrary to the "Kalambandi" of 1878 and ancient custom (see 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21, 26, 27, 30, 34, 3$, fQ, 45, 47, 49). II.-Irregularity in the settlement of boundary disputes (sec 9, 35. 36). III. --The right to use "Loazima" and "Muratib" (Insignia) on State occasions, for which they may not possess sanads (see 7). IV.--Delays and discourtesy of of the Mahkama Khas, in its dealings with the Jagirdars (see 14, 32, 42, 43, 44, 50, 51). V.Questions of Nazarana, Talwar Bandhai, Fines, and Renewals of Pattas (see 6, S, 10, 24, 28, 29, 39). VI.- Miscellaneous disputes about levying taxes, lagats, irrigation, supplies to troops, shooting preserves, compensation, customs and trade (see 11, 12, 13, 19, 22, 31, 33, 37, 41, 46). VII.---Interference during minorities (see 15, 48). VIII. Settlement of debts due to the Durbar (see 23). IX.-Service questions (see 25, 52). X.-Nobles not consulted in State matters. (see 53). 19. Before dealing with the above ten heads of grievances seriatim it may be noticed that, in nearly every case, the Jagirdars appeal to ancient custom as the one important factor to be considered in the solution of the questions at issue. By this it is presumed that they wish to revert to the relations between the Durbar and its feudatories which prevailed in the ·9 prosperous days of Mewar before the Mahratta masion, and when the Maharana was a porcrful and independent Price. If this is so, they need to be reminded of one or two important facts which they appear to have forgotten For 16 Tulume I instance, as lod points out, and as the Maharana bus often mentioned to me in conversation, the Jagırdırs' possessions in those days, even up to the time of Sngram Singh I1, were constantly bemg changed on succession they were never allowed to build forts or surround their towns with walls, and the heads of families ined almost continuously at the capital in attendance on their Chies, merely drawing the revenues from their Jugir lands for their maintenance They were and are suill in fact “Grassias as opposed to "Bhomas," their lands being intended for their "subsistence and theoretically resumable at sell and moveable They have, 110 doubt, within the last two centuries become perpetual and hereditary, but, if the Jagirdars rcally desire to basc their claims on ancient custom and the Maharına takes them at their word, they ar. llhely to lose very much more than they can possibly gain Beside this onc cardinal fact, that the Maharana is the source of such authority and dignity as they possess that from ancient times the one reason for their cxistence has been that they should faithfully serve and obey him, and that lie possesses the right, if not always the physical power, to deal with them as he lihes (except in so far as he cannot deprive them of any priveleges for which they actualy possess sanads from former Chiefs) all other considerations are insignificant and of very minor importance Ilou ever much, therefore, we may deplore the existence of 1 condition of things in Mcwar at the present time which gives rise to such complaints as judicial incipacity, delays answering communications, unsatisfactory settlement of boundary disputes, irritation set up by local officials in the matter of petty taxes, interference with trade demands for supplies, and so on, we must recognize that these are questions traceable to defects of administration generally and do not particularly concern jagırdars more than other subjects of the State. 20 in ·10 21. Headings I, II, IV and VI above enumerated may, therefore, be classed as coming within the category of grievances which can only be entirely removed as the administration of the State is gradually improved. The only really important points connected with these four headings are :- (a) The reference to the “ Kalambandi." (6) Alleged interference with the subjects of Jagirdars 22. The “Kalambandi" of 1878 has already been alluded to in a former paragraph of this note. It was a bold and, on the whole, successful attempt on the part of Sajjan Singh to settle once for all the frequent disputes that continually arise between the Jagirdars and Durbar officials in judicial matters and to define the jurisdiction to be exercised by the former. Certain Jagirdars were very ill-advised at the time to refuse to sign the agreement and can hardly now complain if the question is taken up Ide novo. But, although His Highness considers that the Jagirdars have acquired under this document higher powers than they are by custom entitled to or than many of them are by education and character capable of exercising, I nevertheless trust that he will loyally adhere to the arrangement arrived at by his predecessor and extend its provisions to all those who formerly held aioof but may now be willing to accept it. on 23. As regards the second point, the interference complained of is generally due to appeals and complaints from villagers in Jagir territory to the Durbar against exactions the part of Jagir officials and decisions in their courts. There is nothing illegal or contrary to custom in this, although it is quite possible that Jagirdars are often unnecessarily harassed by local llakims and other Durbar officials, owing to the general want of control and supervision over their actions. This is undoubtedly one of the greatest defects in the administration uí Nowar at the present time. Local district prijali ure weldom inspected and inadequately controlled by any responsible official from Headqurkers and ths evil effects of the system are ·not confined to Jagir villages alone. The grievance is, therefore, a legitimate one and will, I trust recerie, His Highness's attention, 24 The third heading of grievances, ws, Ill, the alleged attempt on the part of the Durbar to present certain nobles from carrying in processions and on State occasions the full Insignia to which they consider themselves entitled, is one to which the }agırdars appear to attach special importance and is the prifcipal cause of their absenting themselves from Udaspur at the Dasehra festival I have ascertained that some 5 or 6 years ago, the Maharana, finding that many of the Chiefs were in the habit of carrying certain Insignia to which they were not entitled, ordered that this innovation should be discontinued and that only such Insignia should in future be used as were prescribed in I their sanads For it seems that in every case when, in accordance with custom, a fief is renewed on the succession to a Jagir, the precise “Loazıma,' to which the chiefsht is entitled, is set forth in the fresh sanad Every first class noble is entitled to carry certain Insignia and, in addition to these ordinary Insignia, certain Jagirdars have from time to time had conferred on them the right to carry extra Insignia as a special marks of favour The Durbar s contention is that, in all such cases, these extra and special Insignia are carefully set forth in thesr successo sanads, but that of late years, during minorities, when Jagirdars were in a position to exercise undue influence in State affairs, many extra insignia have been usurped without proper sanction, and they now say, without being able to produce any proofs in their favour, that these extra Insignia have been in their families for generations In face of the fact that all those "Loazima" and "Muratıb" are carefully enumerated in cach fresh sanad it will be difficult for the Jagırdars to substantiate their claim in this respect and, considering the great importance attached to a matter of this kind in Rajwarra, I am or opinion that His Highness is right in insisting that the abuse of this custom should be summarily checked, ·12 ever 25. Heading V deals with the important questions of Nazarana, Talwar Bandhai and Fines. The Jagirdars assert that (a) Undue Nazarana has been levied from some estates. (6) No fines or Nazaranas were recovered from them in former times. (c) Succession fees are now levied from those who never paid them before, (d) In fresh pattas issued on succession to Jagirs certain details entered in former pattas are omitted. (e) Attaching parties are sent to ascertain the present revenue of estates. (1) Funeral expenses are not paid and succession fees are demanded from the heirs of Jagirdars who have died in the service of the Durbar, contrary to custom, 26. It is impossible, without examining into the case of each separate Jagirdar, to say what amount of truth there may be in any of these particular grievances. The principle underlying the questions of Talwar Bandhai fees (kaid) and Nazarana in Mewar are well understood and are explained by Tod in Chapter III of his Rajasthan. He states that “the first and "most essential mark of a feudal relation exists “in all its force and purity here : it is a per- "petually necessary mark of the source of the "grant and a solemn renewal of the pledge which originally obtained it." In Mewar it is a virtual and bona fide surrender of the fief and renewal thereof. The amount of fine of relief in Mewar has long been settled at one year's revenue, This is known as the “ kaid" and is ordinarily leviable on every Jagir estate. Some estates have, however, by the special favour of the Chief, for which they hold sanads, been exempted from this fee, but, even in their case, Nazarana is always offered and accepted In article 2 of the “ Kaulnamah" of 1854 it is stated that the Chiefs of Amait, Gogunda, Kanore, Bunera and the Kishnawats are exempt from these fees, but in lieu of them they pay “Nazarana," which used to be left to the will of the Rana. The present Maharana apparently acknowledges that the four first have been excused by special sanads from paying succession fees, but he ·13 . denies that all the Kishnas ats, compnsing 6 distinct families are so exempt. Only the head of the Kishnawats, ziz, Salumber, is exempt both from Talwar Bandhai fecs and chatoond on account of his specially exalted and exceptional position, and because he is supposed to serve 12 months in the year at Udaipur Except in the case of Jagirdars especially erempted by sanad I certainly think the Durbar is justified in exacting these fees, especially in consideration of the fact that they contribute so little towards the public purse 0 27 The question of “ Nazarana' and fincs is quite distinct from that of Talwar Bandhai' fees The occasions on which Nazarana 'may be levied are unumerated in article 6 of the Kaulnamah' of 1854, and there is amplc evidence to show that the fines have been imposed and constantly recovered from Jagirdars throughout Mewar history It is not understood therefore, what is meant by the assertion that no fines or Nazaranas were levied from Jagırdars in former times 28 (d) (e) and (/) of paragraph 25 a' questions of detail which can only occasional affect individual Jazırdars and appear to depe upon the will of the Durbar and his powci enforce compliance 29 There is some justification for grievances included under headıng VII Durbar would undoubtedly appear to hav right to control the administration of a during a minority both in the interests minor and for the purpose of asceri whether the tribute (chhattoond) usually the Durbar is in due proportion to the r of the estatc But it is no doub that incapable and rapacious oflici: occasionally been sent as managers, a delay has been incurred in settling up I brought thesc irregularities to the no Maharana shortly after my arrival a and they has been to a great extent za The scttlement of debts, Durbar (hcading Vill) is also a IT requires His Ilighness s altcntion i rs ball froin time to time taken ·14 the "Devasthan" and their villages have been mortgaged in satisfaction of these loans. But the accounts have been kept in such an irregular manner that there is reason to believe that, in some cases, although the debts have been liquidated, the accounts have never been made up and the villages are still retained. 31. The service question (heading IX) is one in which the claims appear to be all in favour of the Durbar and will be referred to again in considering the Maharana's claim later on (see para. 40(6)]. The Jagirdars are undoubtedly very remiss in this respect and it can be easily sheun that they are under an obligation to send their troops (jamyat) in addition to attending in person. 11 or 32. As regards heading X, it is certainly at first sight a matter for regret that His Highness does not take lis Jagirdars more into his confidence and consult them in important State affairs. It was with this object that Sajjan Singh established the “Mahendraj Sabha, Great Council of State, to which all the more influential nobles were appointed. Most of these have since either died or abstain from attending its sittings, and the work of hearing appeals, etc., is now carried on by a remnant consisting of two or three very old Sardars and officials, such as Thakur Manohar Singh of Lawa and Sahaiwala Arjan Singh, occasionally assisted by one or two younger men of the official class. i 33. The reasons given by the Maharana for not consulting his Sardars are (a) that hitherto whenever they have enjoyed any influence in State affairs, they have always misused it for the benefit of their own class; (6) that the few Sardars left, who have any intelligence at all, are the most disobedient and contumacious, and, until they have been brought back to a proper sense of their duty to the Durbar, it would be impossible for him to consult them or give them any share in his government.

·15 34 There is a certain amount of reason in His Highness's contention But from y experience of the present race of Mewar Jagirdars, I am of opinion that His Highness somewhat exaggerates their power for mischief and their disloyalty, and that, if he could only treat them with more sympathy and firmness and would flatter them by giving them seats in the State Council, they would probably become his most loyal and devoted adherents and willingly obey his commands 35 Before leaving the question of the Sardars' grievances and passing on to the Durbar's claims i may state that, although the memorandum of grievances referred to in this note, was ostensibly subscribed to by all the Mewar Jagirdars three years ago, at the present time there appear to be very few who would acknowledge any responsibility for its submission. They have begun, I think, to realize that the Political authorities are very unlikely to interfere on their behall and that the Maharana himself can no longer be imposed upon, and has the power to enforce his orders, if necessary 36 I have lately met the following Sardars, WE, Bansı, Kanore, Meja, Salumber, Bijolia, Bhainsrorgarh, Begun, Parsoli, Bednor, besides minors whose estates are under management, VIZ, Bedla, Delwara, Deogarh, Bhinder and Asind Of the above, Mela, Salumber, Bhains. rorgarh, Begun and Parsol declared to me that they had no grievances whatever against the Durbar Bansı stated that he was ready to obey the Durbar and generally attended at the Dasehra, but he regretted that the last time he attended he was forbidden to ride a horse with gold ornaments (sona ka gehna) as was customary in his family Bijolia, Kanore and Bednor are the principal leaders of the opposition and, though they all express their devoted loyalty to the Maharana, abstain from jaining State proces sions and have little hesitation in airing their grievances, which refer chiefly to- (a) prohibition to carry certain " Loazıma," (6) delay in settling boundary disputes , (c) exaction of Talwar Bandhi fees at a higher rate than has been customary (this only affects Bednor and Bijola), ·16 (d) settlement of debts due to the Durbar (only affects Bednor). 37 It will be seen, therefore, that at the present time the faction opposed to the Durbar is in a very small minority, though I must confess that it possesses all the intelligence. These three last-mentioncd Chiefs are by far the most capable of all the Mewar Sardars, and would no doubt render uscful service to the Maharana if he could overcome his prejudice about consulting them 38. The claims of the Durbar on the Jagirdars are of a more substantial and tangible character than the grievances which we have just been considering. They are based on distinct agreements between the Durbar and the Chiefs, which were negotiated by Colonel Tod, and afterwards by Captain Cobbe and Colonel Robinson; whereas it is noticeable that these “Kaulnainahs" are never once referred to by the Jagirdars. The reason for this is that the "Kaulnamahs" were originally intended as a check on the usurpation of the Jagirdars and that, though they agreed to their provisions and solemnly promised to observe them faithfully, the majority have studiously and continuously evaded them. Now that the Durbar has for the first time, since Colonel Tod's time become sufficiently powerful to coerce the Jagirdars without our active assistance and support, the Maharana has. quite rightly determined to enforce the provisions of these “Kaulnamahs," and in order to shew to what extent the actions of the Jagirdars. have fallen short of their solemn promises, he has drawn up statements giving the text of each of the Kaulnamahs, with his own remarks opposite each section. These have been printed. and copies are herewith attached. 39. The first Kaulnamah was negotiated by Tod in 1818 and is by far the most important as containing the main principles upon which all subsequent agreements have been founded. It has never been formally abrogated and is still supposed to be in force, except in so far as any of its provisions may have been ·17 modified by subscqucnt agreescals, instince the commulation of Wall.schuice by a only payment called “chhaltoonch The Durbar's remarks on the various provisions of this "Kuulm...:) Pikar tale generally in accordance with the lasts Thors is locale doubt that (1) The Sardars dui not at the 117c restore all the Khzisi ullares that they had wrongfully acquirci Colonel Tod's inlluence. housesor, did secure the restoration of most of these williges, and I consider that it would be inadvisable for llis Highness to reopen this question after the lapse of so many wars cannot in fact expect to cscape entirely from the cffe cls of the scalness and scillation shounds Maharani Bheem Singh and his immedarc Ilc SUCCCS501> (3) "Rakhnarcc" and "Phoum" hasc been cstablished in some cases these rights #cro runounced by the Jazirdars. (3) The Sagardar bare no rxht 1o Dan, Bisitah (iustonen The admission of the Vans. rangs norance on this subject, and the distage subcat of it when he tirol Inc iu tlc sud, is almost pathetic 1) Ind 15) The control of the Wa: 0.02 of orthur Bhi subjects 3114 their arrange 11 for protecting trade are certainly not fesfral, but I must adrati ebat flies do fut cu "ipare uolsoduro wbly with the Durbars arrangcachts ?" Kla territor). **?15 (0) In the aller users ce ths lamiars Hanculun buen acn rems an das criteris But acic up lu their usg+1.1.) fitri 1pxar tu tcc' nice the fact that to win*. to be fireochat no the Danc'ird is en is dit front thc perlurisdiccreier 103 Tuladha thrw.phil t'e)carmil'cra, '? Mey are all USC - 1 Daslarda bu trily 2.5 yirst!:!?!.." are Jxc Itu Lei!ii!,1. r::: 1:14', 1,,, cabli slire i'. Dar'. !! ciuia illerd, ial! 11.rinn ·IS regular service at appointed times during the year, as far as I am Wales, thought this fier's lias been repeated in every hulum.ali, tin: ilrrangement has never been properly warm's! out. I do not know how far llis lligting is correct in saying that some Susilette offen under an oblig.liun u perfruin 011/11: (11.10 the 3 months stipulated in the “ kaulu,mali. I think perhaps that, (cept in the city of Salumber, who in former d.ly's Wito supported for remain always at Disipur in offert his being the bereditary " Binja11.1" us the State, the Mburant must be referring to the 2nd and 3rd class Sardars and met 10 the "Solah." (7) No remarks. Bat Minty (8) Some Surdars des occanjeally appress their ryots and complaints to the Durbar 1.18 possibly be of frequent occurrence. of these complaints are probably of it insoluiss nature, and to avoid unneury frictions with provocation the Durbar should be very chury . cmploying low-paid and probil and probably t:rrupit officials in the investigilion up Case's Wirinn Jagir tcrritory 1. The second Kaulnamah, which was prepared under Captain Cubbe's direction in 1827. but was not actually ratificd unul 18.10, is merely a repetition of the first kaulnamali with 5 articles added. 42. The only important change introduod by this " Kaulnamah" is the payment of tribute at 2 annas 7 pics in the rupee on the gross revenues of each estate in commutation of ball the service originally demanded. In his remarks on this clause the Maharana makes the most of the statement that Maharana Bheem Singh thoughi proper to discharge the whole of the tribute payable to the British Government from the Khalsa revenues and that no portion of the " chhattoond " demanded from the Sardars in lieu of half-service would be appropriated to this purpose. He evidently considers that, in not demanding their share of the Government tribute from the Sardars, Bheem Singh showed great weakness and want of foresight "and he did not pay proper attention to any State ·19 matter" I certainly consider that the Jagirdars do not at present pay their fair share towards the general expenses of the State, but I doubt if anything can be done now to remedy this condition of things except to revise the amount of "chhattoond' payable on the basis of the existing revenues whenever a favourable opportunity offers, as for instance during a minority. on 43 The " Kaulrajnal" of 1845 --Mahasana Sarup Singh, finding that the Jagırdars were not duly observing the terms of former “Kaulnamahs, induced the Chiefs, with the assistance of Colonel Robinson, to repeat their solemn promises, given two previous occasions, in the form of a third agreement of 5 articles This agreement is merely a comfirmation of former agreements with the addition of a clause about boundary disputes This “Kaulnamah" apparently remained as much a dead letter as the former ones and when Colonel Robinson left Mewar, the relations between the parties became so strained that they both appealed to the next Political Agent, Colonel St. G Lawrence, who, coming from the Punjab and being new to the Province, tried to undertake what proved to be a thanhless and impossible task 44 The Kauramah of 1855 -As long as the Political Agent could conscientiously support the central authority in its legitimate demands on the Jagirdars, as was the case in the time of the first fewy Political Officers accredited to Mewar, his interference was both useful and efficacious But to interfere in the hope of arbitrating between the Maharana and his Jagırdars as if they were equals, was injudicious and impracticable If Colonel Lawrence could not conscientionsly support the Maharana in his demands, experience shows that he should have told him so and then held aloof. He no doubt undertook the task with the best motives and, after carefully examining into every grievance on both sides, he drew up his famous "1 kaulnamah" of 1855, but he should have seen from the first that, unless the central authority was strong enough to enforce its provisions without our constant interference, any such enquiry ·20 ould only serve to weaken the Maharana's ithority and embitter rather than allay the rife, and that the more provisions any such greement contained, the more opportunities here would be for disputes in the future. . 45. The last“ Kaulnamah," besides repeatig, with certain modifications as to "chhatoond,” the provisions of former“ Kaulnamahs, ittempts to prescribe the procedure to be followid in future in all such matters as (1) "Kaid, " or succession fees; (2) Loans granted to Jagirdars; (3) Nazarana; (4) Fines; (5) Criminal and Civil Jurisdiction ; (6) Hereditary Councillorship and “Surna," or sanctuary; (7) Adoption ; (8) Naig, or Court-fees; (9) Possession of houses by Chiefs at the capital; (10) Combination amongst Sardars for the purpose of coercing the Durbar; (11) Building of forts; (12) Petty Jagirs in lieu of service ; and it ends up with a clause ordering that all disputes in future must be brought to notice for the decision of the Political Agent and the Agent to the Governor-General. 46. It is unnecessary to discuss all the yarious questions raised in this document because M Ist-The whole agreement has been long ago cancelled. 21d-Most of these questions are not now in dispute. 3rd-The few that are in dispute, such as "Talwar Bandhai" fees, fines and criminal and civil jurisdiction, have been already alluded to and can be settled in each instance as it arises, .by reference to documents and agreements which are in the possession of the Darbar. 4th_Compliance with its provisions was made to depend upon the constant interference of the Political authorities, which would not now be permissible or advisable.

·21 47 is will hale been obsersed, the object of this note has been not to gilc any decided opinion as to the precise manner in which cach point in dispute between the Durbar and the Sardars should be finally settled, which would be impossible without making i icry careful enquiry into cach casc and examining a large number of documents on both sides, but to gic a gencral idca regarding the present relations between the Miharana and fus leading Thakurs, and to indicate a line of policy hich would be the most likely to lead to a final settlement 43 With this object in VICW I haid analysed the Sardars' grievances enumerated in their joint memorandum of 1898, and the Maharanas claims set forth in his remarks on the four Kaulnamahs of 1813, 1840, 1945 and 1855 and have ondersoured to show that (1) The Maharana's claims, though they may be to a certain extent cxaggerated and incpossible of attainment, are on the whole in accordance with the spirit of the scuticnicnt arred at by Colonel Tod and with the ancient customs of the State (2) In comparison with these claims the Sardırs' griciances are cither unimportant or can be casily refuted by documents and sanads in the possession of the Darbar (3) The petty annoyanccs to "luch the Sardars are without doubt occasionally exposed, are duc to the present system of Governmcat in Vewar and are not necessarily connected with the special feudal relations that are supposed to carst between the Maharana and themsches (+) By far the large majonty of tlic present leading Sardary nou refuse to achnos. ledge that thy have any griesances 35anst the Durbar at all and those that do complain has become so weakened by y cars of inactius, by the enoriaung liſe 14.27 they lead, and by hant of cohesion, that any sustained resistance against the Durbar s juthority would be out of the question (5) Any acknic interference on our part would be impolitic and injudicious, and the Vaharana should be left to deal with his Thamurs in his own way ·22 49. If he is wise, he will follow the advice hat I have already given him, which is that he should assemble all his Sardars and hear exactly what each one has to say, redress any grievances that are obviously founded on fact, and then distinctly lay down the law prescribed by the first two "Kaulnamahs" and the sanads in his possession and insist on its being obeyed. If the Maharana is quite sure of his position in this question, which he says he is and which he is prepared to prove to me by documents in his possession, there is no necessity for any compromise. It is only necessary for him to act with firmness and justice, and the Sardars who have, through weakness and loss of their former influence, become weary of the struggle, are bound in the end to obey his orders or suffer the conséquences. 50. The following papers are attached to this note for easy reference :- A.--A list of Sardars' grievances submitted in 1898 and again in 1900. B. The text of the first three "Kaulnamahs," with the Maharana's notes and remarks. C.The text of the fourth "Kaulnamah, with the Maharana's notes and remark D.-A statement of the various “Insigni accompanying the Maharana and Sardars respectively, as drawn up the Durbar authorities. E.-A list of the first class Sardars in order of rank, and approximate of original “Pattas," with remar (Sd.) A. F. PINHEY, MAJOR Resident in 1 ·APPENDIX A. List of grievances submitted by the Sardars of Mewar against the Durbar in 1898 and again in 1900. 1 in Sambat 1935 (A D 1878) the late Maharana Smjan Sing!}, after giving assurances, concluded an agreement, amicably, with ten nobles of Newar, defining the civil and criminal poners of the Durbar and Sardars' courts Thrs agreement, containing 9 clauses, is still in force, and all cases were decided up till lately in accordance with its terms Nonadays, in several instances, the Durbar courts, with the view of breaking the pledge of the late Maharana, act in opposition to the terms agreed upon and take different action It is therefore requested that If I (the Maharana) will peruse the documentary proofs se hare and direct the court officials to observe the terms in dealing with Sardars' cascs and not to tahe any improper action All the Sardars of this State have been and are lojal well-sisliers of the Durbar from generation to generation, the account of which is well known to HH and to the Daftar, and is guien in the histories of Mewar In consideration of the rights and privileges enjoy ed by the Sardars, some of them did not agree to the Kalambandi made by the late Maharana in respect to the procedure to be observed in civil and criminal cases, in order to preserve their ancient rights and privileges, and presented a paper of 23 articles on Jeth Sudi ist, Sambat 1936 ( AD 1879) Upon this H H the late Maharana, after taking our representation into consideration, issued Khas Rubhas (Sign Manuals) on Asad Sud: 7th, Sambat 1936 (26th June 1879), informing us that a committee composed of Sardars of each division, or clan, will be appointed to dispose of the matter under reference, so that there may be no violation of rights possessed by the Sardars from ancient ·24 time. Notwithstanding several representations from our side the committee has not yet been assembled. It is our request, therefore, that our ancient rights and privileges be taken into consideration and the promised commilloc appointed to settle the questions. The claims of the estates which have made the agreement in respect to civil and criminal jurisdiction, should also be enquired into with regard to the 23 grievances represented by us. 3. In order to preserve their ancient rights some of the Sardars did not sign the agreement of Sambat 1936, and the Durbur officials now try to make out that those Surlars are not cntitled to possesss civil and criminal powers, and curtail them. and curtail them. This should not be done, and the rights possessed from ancient time be continued. 4. It has always been customary in Nee war for the Sardars of the 2nd class to dispose of civil and criminal cases arising in the collection of land revenuc, etc., from their own ryots, but nowadays the courts of Mewar have not only oppressed them but have also taken unjust action against thein personally, This procedure interferes with the management of their estates and weakens their authority in the eyes of their subjects. No faults have been committed by them to be summarily deprived of their powers. It is requested, therefore, that the jurisdiction possessed by this class of Sardars be continued, and some nicthod introduced by which justice may be mcted out to all concerned. 5. Certain nobles are exempt from the payment of court-fees and stamp duty in case of proceedings instituted by themselves, and the proof of this is contained in clause S of the agreement of Sambat 1936. Even in our estates certain residents are exempt from the payment of these fees. Nowadays these fees are, in opposition to the ancient custom, levied from the 2nd class Sardars, and should be put a stop to. In civil appeals half-fees are taken from all persons concerned in a case, while in criminal cases every individual has to pay separate fees. This is an innovation and should not be introduced.

·23 6 The reply ve recented from the Durbar in the matter of the 23 grievances presented in 1879 is just but nowadays, in opposition to the procedure then laid down, undue Nazarana has been levied from some estates and unjustifiable documents exacted from them to establish new precedents for the future So these should be returned and ancient rights maintained 7 The Sardars of Menar use the marks of rank and position from ancient tune and from generations past Nowadays attempts are made to deprae them of much cherished marks of position, and thus insult them When the custom is in vogue from ancient time and has become a sight, why does the Durbar prevent us from carrying the Insignias used by our ancestors We should not be disgraced in The late Maharana Sajjan Singhji has alreads issued orders for maintaining our rank and position as before in Sambat 1936 such a way 8 The nobles of Mewar have never been ill-treated as at present, and no fines or Nazaranas were ever recovered from them Nowadays we are pressed to pay fines imposed on us personally by Durbar courts, and this should not be done because this is an innovation, and none of the former Maharanas from the beginning to the time of the late Maharana Sajjan Singhji have ever recovered any fines from us The late Maharana had issued orders for this question to be decided by a committee, so this order should be acted upon 9 There is a Boundary Settlement Officer in Menar, but cases in which khalsa lands are concerned are not entrusted to the Officer but made over to Durbar courts, which try and take away as much land as is possible in khalsa to the detriment of Jagirdars Even decisions of the Boundary Settlement Officer are not carried into force, but subjected to the sanction of the Maharana which is seldom or never given Decisions of Boundary Settlement Officers should not be subjected to the sanction of the Maharani A date should be fixed for the settlement of cases after they have been filed in the Boundary Office Besides these we have ·26 several grievances to urge regarding boundary cases, which will be represented to the committee, when appointed. IO. In Mewar the Sardars who are liable to pay Talwar Bandhai (succession) fees are well known, but those who have never paid it before are exempt. Nowadays the exempted Sardars are worried to pay, while the unexempted Sardars are made to pay higher amounts than before. Nothing should be done in opposition to old custom and excess amounts recovered be refunded. II. The estates in which a railway station is situated is entitled to the tax of Bataolee (a religious tax levied on merchandize sent by rail), but nowadays this tax is levied by the Durbar on railway stations within our limits, which should be discontinued. I 2. In some khalsa and sasnik villages certain Sardars are entitled to receive lagats from ancient time. The Durbar courts are now trying to deprive us of these lagats, and they should be prohibited from doing so. - 13 All business connected with sasnik villages situated within our estates is carried on by us from ancient time and we have jurisdiction over them. Lately the Durbar courts have commenced interfering in them without Our knowledge, so this should not be done. 14. We are entitled to receive Khas Rukkas from the Maharana on presenting him an urzi, or when a case of death is reported to him. These rukkas are now put a stop to, and should be continued. No deviation should be made in this custom. 15. During the minority of a noble, arrangements are made by the Durbar for the management of the estate for the benefit of the minor, but when an estate possesses reliable managers and officials, the Durbar should not send incompetent officials to ruin the estate. 16. Formerly the period for appeal used to run from the date a copy of the decision of the Durbar courts was given to the party concerned and residing in our estates. Nowadays the ·27 decision is given to our vakils at Udaipur, and the period of appeal is counced from the date the decision is given to our vahil This causes great inconvenience, as the party does not receive the copy for some time It is therefore requested that the period of appeal should run from the date the party, and not our rahuls, receives the copy 17 If our zamındars do not pay land revenue, or commit in any other way, we tale away the land and gue it to other zamındars for cultivation but the Durbar courts unreces. sarıly interfere in such cases, and force us to restore the land to defaulters Thus reakens our authority and encourages zamındars to disobey orders and not to pay land revenue at the appointed time. 18 The cstates possess powers to try original cal and criminal cases, but if any of our ryots be restrained for a case of a civil or criminal nature, the Durbar court at once interferes and takes up the preliminary enquiry. This is derogatory to our postion and should not be done. 19 If Khalsa land be situated near a lahe belonging to a Sardar, water is forcibly then from it to Irrigate the khalsa land, but should Jagır land be close to a hhalsa lake we are not allowed to take water for our land 1 his causes great injury to us and some mutual arrangement be made for watering the khalsa and jagır lands. 30 When a traveller passes through our estate without tahing a guide, or balasa, and if he is robbed, the Durbar court at once gnes a decree against us This is not just Travellers must be warned to take balana by paying the usual fees On the other hand, if our rjats be robbed in bhalsa territory, even alter paying the choihidart fees, their cases are not listened to, and no compensation given thcm. If a resident of our estate happens to have dealings with a Khalsa subject, and if the former has a claim agunist the latter, the Durbar wants to take cognizance of the case, and would not allow us to try it in the first instance.

·28 23. When troops halt at Khalsa towns and villages, the supplies required by it are collected from small Jagirdars by the Durbar hakims and officials, but wlien troops halt at a small village belonging to a Jagirdar no assistance is given to him from Khalsa. This ruins small Jagirdars. 23. Villages mortgaged to the Durbar banking shop are not released even after the original amount of debt with interest has been repaid. This is not just. The Durbar ought to refund all sums received in excess of the principal and interest due, and release the mortgaged village. 24 The Sardars of the first class renew their Pattas on succession from ancient time, but in fresh Pattas now given details formerly entered are omitted; while in the Pattas recently issued to second class Sardars, the scale of service, etc, due from them is entered at higher rates than before. This sort of proceedings are likely to cause a disturbance at any future time. 25 At times some of us are excused from Dasehra service on presenting a petition, but when owing to sickness we are unable to attend, we are pressed for attendance even after submission of a medical certificate. Even when we are excused from service for a year, and when we attend the second year, we are forced to do the previous year's service for which we were excused. We are, in opposition to the ancient custom, now asked to send our jamiyat (force) to attend at Udaipur. We are always ready to send our forces in case of emergency. 26. In cases in which Khalsa and Jagir subjects are equally concerned, the latter are severely punished, while the former are let off with light punishment. Both Khalsa and Jagir subjects should receive punishment according to the gravity of their offence. No favour should be shown to Khalsa subjects, as has been done in several instances. 27. Prisoners intended for the Raj courts, when passing through our estates, are made over to us for safe custody and onward trans- ·29 mission, but prisoners belonging to our estates, when going to the Foujdari court at Udaipur, and passing through Khalsa territory, are not tahen over by Khalsa Thanadars 28 The junior branches of some of the Sardars possess jagirs in Khalsa territory, but when one of these jagirdars dies without a son, the Durbar, with the view of obtaining pecuniary gain, selects a boy to succeed the deceased without consulting the senior branch of the family This is not proper, the procedure observed in former jcars in cases should be adhered to 29 In some cases attaching parties were turcibly sent to ascertain the present revenue of estates, and this hird of proceedings are still carried on by Durbar officials, which has causcd great uneasiness among Jagirdars In fact, in some jagirs revenue survey has been introduced to increase the Durbar demands 30 In Border Court cases the Durbar officials mahe distinction between the Khalsa and Jagir subjects, so much so that the latter are made to pay the whole amount of compensation awarded to a foreign State, while the former are saved from paying any thing 31 At several places situated within our estates, the Durbar has established shooting preserves, and grass and wood grown in them are sold, but the sale-proceeds are not refunded to the owner of the land This action on the part of the Durbar is ssjurious to the interests of the Sardars, who are afraid that their lund will some day be included in Khalsa Moreover, wild animals such as pigs, etc., destroy our cultivation and we are not allowed to kill or drive them away. 32 In the correspondence with the Durbar courts, w care not addressed by court officials in the same style as before If we send a letter on any subject, the officials in their replies fursa the letter into "darhhast' or "report' 33 The British Gotcrnment pays salt compensation on the appointed date, but the State does not pay it to us for years, and then puts us to some loss in exchangiag Kildar nioncy into Udaipuri.

·30 34. Cases connected with those estates which have not signed the agreement of Sambat 1936, are now being tried and disposed of by Khalsa Hakims. This is against ancient custom. Orders in such cases should issue from the Mehkme Khas 35. In cases of boundary disputes between Jagirdars and neighbouring states, all expenses connected with the settlement are recovered from Jagirdars, but in cases in which the disputed land is awarded to Jagirdars, it is retained by the Durbar in khalsa. The land should be restored to the Jaghirdar to whom it originally belonged and who defrayed the expenses 36. In cases of boundary disputes between Bhoomias and Jagirdars, thc Durbar acts as plaintiff with the view of obtaining pecuniary gain, and the District Hakims as a rule decide cases in favour of Bhoomias. In this way the Jagirdars are put to loss and deprived of their land 37. Some of our estates are bordering on foreign States, such as Begum, which is surrounded by Kotah, Indore, Gwalior, etc., the merchants of these places have mutual dealings with merchants residing in our estates. If Mewar merchants buy merchardize in foreign or bordering States, no hinderance is placed in their way, but, on the other hand, if foreign merchants buy merchandize from our traders or estates, every obstacle is thrown in their way in the matter of recovering customs duty, etc., and thus the trade of our estates is being ruined. 38. As a rule, decisions of courts are enforced everywhere after decisions have been given to the parties concerned, but in Mewar the officials enforce their own decision before a case is finally settled. This is irregular and should be put a stop to. 39. It is a general rule in Mewar that when a Jagirdar dies while in the service of the Durbar, all his funeral expenses are paid by the Durbar and no succession fee is recovered from the deceased's heir, even if his estate were liable to pay the same, but nowadays no attention is paid to this rule.

·31 40. All the estates which have signed or not signed the agreement of Sumbat 1950, possess cul and criminal jurisdiction witinn their own estates and our courts are subordinate to the Durbar Nowadays the Durbar Court officials prohibit us from using the names of our courts and offices in official correspondence. We do not know why this order has been issued, unless to disgrace us Even under the agrecment of Sambat 1936, Sardars arc cmpos. ered to try cul and criminal cases in luch parties concerned are residents of our estates, while w seseral cases se possess jurisdiction from tunc immemorial Sardars have always been exempted from payment of customs duty on articles purchased for their personal consumption, but nowadays Danis do not pay attention, and at fumes cract customs duty and mappa 35c any person through enmity presents an anonymous petition to the Durbar or District llahıms with the view to disgrace a respectable person, public enquiry is it once made simply to worry and annos persan agaist whom the petition is given lnonymous petition-ti riters, shen found out, $100 punished but encoura, ed in Vleur by oficials +3 When communications cien m urgent cases, are addressed to Durbar ofticiais, they purposely return them with chasse und fritoluus replies By delas our objhat in addressing the commumcation is frustrated, and afterwards se are blame for not gmg thu Durbar ofncials timely intimation of uccurrences, etc. 44 Arrangements have been made by Government for the suppression and prescuuon of dacoity cases, and certain polters liaic boon ghen to the Garui officials in Venar hosc officials unmercifully beat persils and ill-istat them. This practice is clen forbidden by Guicrument und should not be continued in Neur Old dcbis in shich no transactions bare ulen place durullic lase to or 50 years are rencscd and heard by fils 2. bonds for large sumns are non burglat fus ifta amounts and the descendants of the manu.

·32 wrote the bond, are unnecessarily plagued and worried. This should not be done and civil courts should not recognize such very old cases. 46. If Khalsa merchants buy articles of merchandize from our ryots, and if they do not pay our dues, we prevent them from removing the articles; they are encouraged by Durbar officials not to pay, and we are told to file a suit in the civil court for the amount: while in the Khalsa territory dues are recovered at once before allowing the removal of articles purchased. The subjects of Khalsa and Sardars should be treated alike. 47. It has always been customary for us to get copies of papers submitted by us in the Raj courts on our making an application for them, but nowadays we are refused copies, by which our interests suffer. 48. During minority, when the revenue of estates is taken into the Durbar treasury, no interest is allowed on surplus balances, but one per cent. per mensem is taken by the Durbar, and in many other ways the estate is made to suffer. The surplus amount may be deposited with a banker on interest in future, 49. If a false complaint is made in the Mewar courts against persons residing in our estates, they are made to attend the court regularly every day, and on their acquittal they are made to pay Nazarana to the Durbar, so instead of exacting Nazarana from them they should receive compensation from the person who made the false complaint. 50. In the case of Roop Singh, a subordinate Jagirdar of Bedla, the Durbar officials issued orders direct to him in contravention of previous custom. This sort of action on the part of Durbar officials weakens the authority of the estate. 51. Replies to our communications to the Durbar are not received though several reminders are issued. It is necessary that we should get replies regularly, because in cases of Dhons, attaching parties, etc., sent by the Durbar we are put to great loss by not receiving a reply to our repeated communications.

·33 52 All greater or lesser Sardars who are liable to render service for three months at Udaipur every year, or in lieu thereof some have agreed to render service at Durbar Thanas in the districts for the same period, are now worried and asked to render more service, so that it may form a precedent in the Durbars favour in future The Bakshiji should be pre- Tented from demanding extra service The lesser Sardars, who remain in attendance on the Durbar for more than three months, are exempt from the payment of tribute and succession fees, but now attempts are made to recover tribute and succession fees from them 53 When new rules or regulations are to be introduced in a State for the benefit of the public, it is necessary that all influential and experienced nobles of each clan should be consulted, and their opinions obtained If the Durbar wishes to introduce any rules for the whole of Neuar a committee composed of the Sardars from each clan, who may be acquainted with the custom and usage of the country, be appointed and with their consent the rules issued By doing this no one will have any objections to them ·APPENDIX B. 1.--In the reign of Maharanaji Shri Bhim Singji, while Tod Saheb was the Political Agent, the first Kaulnamah containing ten articles was made on Tuesday, the 14th of Vaisak Vad of Samvat 1874, corresponding with the English date, the 15th of April.in thc Christian ycar 1818. It was signed, and the said Kaulnamah was got sanctioned by the Government (of India). The Sardars (Chiefs) usurped the villages belonging to the Sarkar (Khalsa), and they began to neglect rendering services, and they introduced new usages (which they had no right to do). With a view to remove them and to re-establish the old system, this Kaulnamah has been written. Sid Sri Maharana Dheraj, Maharana Bhean Sing, to all the Nobles my brothers and kin, Rajas, Patayats, Jhalas, Chohans, Chondawauts, Powars, Sarangdeuts, Suktawuts, Rahtores, Ranawuts, &c., &c. In this, they li.l., the Sardars) have theinselves admitted that they have introduced new usages, and they have agreed to act in accordance with this Kaulnamah. Consequently, they ought to fully act up to the conditions of this Kaulmamalı. Now since S. 1832 (A.D). 1776), during the reign of Sri Ur Singji, wlien the troubles conimenced, laying ancient usages aside, undue usurpations of the land liave been made; therefore, on this day, Bysakvadi 14th, S. 1874 (A D. 1818), the Maharana assembling all his Chiels, lays down the patl of duty in new ordinances. ist.---All lands Klalsa obtained since the troubles and all lands seized hy one Chief from another shall be restored. In this, they themselves have admitted having usurped the villages belonging to the Khalsa, and they have promised that they will give back the villages' which they lave usurped. But some villages they have restored and some they have not; and finding suitable opportunities, they got them entered in their Paitas (documents) or they caused them to be depopulated and got the land annexed to otlier villages belonging to themselves. In the time of Maliarana Shri Bhim Singji, the Sardars were made to write lists of the villages belonging to them respectively in a book called “ Pattavalii. At the present time they possess more villages than those mentioned in the said lists. Aud the income also has increased. The reason thereof being that they have usurped more villages and lands. In many places they have established " Bhoom," more especially in Devgad. And they have also established "Rukhwaree." Therefore, the "Rukhwaree" and "Bhoom" ought to be renounced according to this Kaulnamah. 2nd. All new Rukliwaree, Bhoom, Lagut, shall be renounccd.

·35 3rd-Dan, Biswah, the riglit of the Government, sliall be renounced from this day, such belongs to the Durbur alone. Representing that the "Dan" right (of their fieſs) belonged to them, three Sardars got amounts fixed by me as annual allowances payable to them. At that time I did not know about this Kaulaamah, and no one informed me that the "Dan-Vishwa" belonged to the Durbar. Therefore, when I came to know of it, the payment of the annual allowance to two Sardars was stopped and to one the allowance is still paid. When, by virtue of this Kaulnamalı, they have already renounced " Dan-Vasliwa, how can thiey pow lay a claim to the same? in future, the payment of thus amount shall be stopped. And as to the amount which they have already received, the same should be recovered, together with interest 4th --No Clueſs sliall permit thieſts in tlseir estates. They shall entertain no thieves, liome or foreign, as Mogeas, Baorees, I horces, &c., nor shall any be permitted to remain but those wlio niay return to honest pursuits Should any of them revert to their old haunts, they shall mustantly be cut off All property stolen sliall be made good by him in whose estate the theft is committed This should be given effect to. Many of the Sardars possess villages populated by Blieels who commit robberies. But the Sardars do not produce them (when required) and they bring forward excuses of their having run away, &c Such ought not to be the case They ought to fully act up to tlus clause. This ought to be acted upon, 5th - Flome or foreign merchants, all Kafilis, Beoptrees, Bunjaris, who enter the country, shall be protected. They shall zu no way be injured or molested Wlioever offends against this, his estate shall be confiscated. 6th.--According to command, at liome abroad, service shall be performed. The Chiefs shall be formed in four divisions, each shall remain an attendance on tie Durbar for three months, and then be dismissed to their homes. Once a year a general assembly of the Chiefs shall take place It shall be 011 the festival of Dusserali, commencing 10 days previous; and 20 days subsequent, with the exception of the Omralis on duty, they sliall be permitted to retue to their homes On urgent occasions, or when tlieir services are required, all shall obey me summons to the Presence. As regards rendering services there are clauses written in all the five Kaulnamahs. But in the first Kaulnamah, detailed particulars in connection with the same have been grien. And in other Kaulnanalis, only such particulars as are essential in connection with the services are written. Jagırs have been granted solely for rendering services. And the Jagirdars, whether great or small, have always in the country or abroad, with good horses and Rajput (soldiers), personally with their quotas or by sending their quotas, according to order, been performing services in proper manner. And as to such (Jagudar) as bas failed to perform the services. It has always been the case that his whole Patta (fiel) or some villages appertaining to his Patta (fiel) have been confiscated according to the wishes of the Dur bar. Por the usual. 2 ·APPENDIX B. 1.- In the reign of Maharanaji Sri Bhim Singji, wliile Tod Sanch was the Political Agent, the first Kaulnamah containing les articles with made on Tuesday, the 14th of Varsak Vad of Samyil 1871, corresponding with the English dutc, the 15th of April in the Christian yur 1819. It was signed, and the said kaulnamah was got sanctioned by the Government (of India. The Sardars (Chicla) usurped the villages belonging to the Sarkar (Khalsa), and they bekali to neglect rendering services, and they introduced new user's (which they h.u no right to do). With a view to remove them and to re-establish the old syslex, this Kusulnamah has been written. Sid Su Maliarana Dhiaia, dalarna Bheam Smg, to all the Yobles my brothers and kin, Rajas, Patajats. Jhalas. Chulans, Chondawauts, Powals, Suangdeuts, Subtawuls, Rahtores, Runawuts, de, c. In this, they lit., the Sardaro) baic theinsches admitted that they liave introduced new unaze, and they have agreed to act in at cordance with this laulmamalı. Consequently, they ought to fully act up to the conditions of this Kaulnainals, . Now since S 1832 (AD). 1770, during the reign of Sii Ur Smgjt, when the troubles commenced, lay my ancient usages aside, undue usurpations of the land have been made; ticietose, on this day, by ahvadi 14th, S. 1874 AD. 1818), the Jahaiana assembling all luis Chues, lays duis die path of duty in new ordinances. 1st...lll lands Kalna obland since the troubles and all lands enred fry one Chiet from another shall be restored in this, they themselves have admitted having u-uh ped the villages belonging 10 thie Klial-a. and they have promised that they will give back the villages such they base usurped But some villiges they base restored and some they have not; and finding suitable opportunities, they got them entered 111 their Patlas (ducuments) or they caused them to be depopulated and got the land anneaed 10 Oulier villages belonging 10 themselics. In the time of Valarana Shiri Blum Singji, the Saidars were made to Write lists of the villages belonging to them respectively in a book called Patravahi.' At the present time they possess more villages than those mentioned in the said lists. And thie income also has incieased. The reason thereof being that they have usurped more villages and lands. In many places they have established “ Bhoom," more especially in Devgad. And they hare also established "Rukhwaree." I herefore, the "Ruhluaiee" and Bhoom ought to be renounced according to this Kaulnamah, 13 2nd. All new Rul hwarec, Bhoom, Lagut, shall be renounced, ·35 39d-Dan, Biswah, the right of the Government, sliali be renounced from this day; such belongs to tlie Durbai lonc. Representing that the "Dan" right (of their fiers) belonged to them, three Sardars got amounts fired by me as annual allowarices payable to them. At that time I did not know about tins Kaunamal, and to one informed me that the "Dan-Vishwa" belonged to the Durbar. Therefore, when I came to know of it, the payment of the annual ailowance to two Sardars was stopped and to one the allowance is still paid. When, by virtue of tlus Kaulnamah, they fare already renounced "Dan-Vishwa," how can they bow lay a claim to the same? In future, the payment of this amount shall de stopped And as to the amount which they have already recensed, the same should be recovered, together with interest. 461 --No Chiefs shall permit thefts : their estates. They sliall entertain no thieves, honie or foreigo, as Mogeas, Baorees, Thorees, le, nor shall any be permitted to remain but those who may return to honest pursuits Should any of them revert to their old haunts, they siiall instantly be cut All property stolen shall be made good by him in whose estate the theft is committed [his should be gren effect to Many of the Sardars possess villages populared by Bheels who commit robberies. But the Sardars do not produce them (when required) and they bring forward excuses of their having run away, &c Such ought not to be the case They ought to fully act up to this clause. off This ought to be acted upon. 5th - Home or foreign merchants, all Katilas, Beoparees, Bunjaras, who enter the country, shall be protected. They shall in no way be injured ou molested Whoever offends against this, its estate sliall be confiscated 6th. According to command, at home or abroad, service shall be performed. Ilie Chiefs shall be formed in four divisions, each shall,emam in attendance on the Durbar for Ihree months, and then be dismissed to their honies. Once a year a general assembly of the Chiefs shall take place. It shall be 03 the festival of Dusserah, comniencing 10 days previous, and 20 days subsequent, with the exception of the Onirahs on duty, they shall be permitted to retic to their homes On urgent occasions, or when their services are required, all shall obey the summons to the Presence. As regards rendering services there are clauses written in all the five Kaulnamalis. But in the first Kaulnamal, detailed parlculars in connection with the sunie lase been given. And in other Kaulnamahs, only such particulars as are essential in connection with the services are written, Jagers have been granted solely for rendering services. And tlie Jagırdars, whether great or small, bare alsays in the country or abroad, with good horses and Rajput (soldiers', personally with their quotas or by sending their quotas, according to order, been performing services in 1 proper manner. And as to such (Jagudar) as bas failed to perform the services. It has always been the case that luis whole Patta (fier) or sume villages appertaining to his Patta (fic) bare been confiscated according to the Hishes of the Dui bar. For the usual.

·1 30 services, the system now adopted is, that on the festival of Dusserali, all the Sardars, will the full quota of good horses and Rajput solliers, should allend io days before and get a musicr roll to be taken of their retainers. After the Dusseral, the Durbar is to fix thic time wlicy tlicir arc to commence to perform their services. And such Saiduri as are ordered to attend sliould remain prescut. And those who get permission 10 yo away slould retire to their homes. And when their turn comes, they are to come back with their full quolas and remain in attendance lors for the period fixed for rendering service and perform Services according to the command of the Durbar. All Sardars are 110t rendering services for three monthia only. Some have to render services for tidlic months, some ſur nine months, somc for six months, and some have to render services for three months also. When the period of service of one batch or Sardars is over, other Sardars loy turns are to attend according to the time fixed for their services and are to perform their scrvices. And on urgent occasions, immcdia:ely on the receipt of thic order, they should attend personally with their troops or send their troups only, according as thic order may be In former days on sucli urgent occasions, tlie Sardars used to brinig a larger number of quotas of troops than was customary, according to their resources, &c., not minding the terms of the Patta. former times, it also used to happen, that if any Sardar whiosc turn it was to attend, was for some reason or other given permission to go home, another Sardar who had already rendered service was called upon again to render service in his stead. Even in that case no objection used to be raised by any one in rendering services. At present no Sardar attends according to his turn 10 render service for the stipulated period; nor does be bring with himself the full number of followers. And all the Sardars do not properly attend on the Dusserah Festival. Some of them do not even come. As to those who come, they do not come to days previous. Some attend on the very day of and some attend Nu ome evade attend- ) g forward differcrali, 1 usser in ·37 the beginning of Bhadarva. So that, by remaining present here on the following Dusserah in the month of Asoj, they get their services for both the Dusserahs counted together For instance, some Sardars did not attend at the Dusserah Festival of Samvat 1955 And by evading attendance, they put in their appearance in the month of Bhadarva or Samvat 1936, and they say that they have come to render services for Samvat 1955 But the services for Samvat 1955 remalli still unperformed by them in the time for redering services for Samvat 1956 has drawn very near In this manner, tiiey wisli to get the services for both the years to be reckoned together. Instead of staying for double the period and thus performing services for both the years, they remain present for two or three months and by putting fortlı any pretext they like, they obtain permis,ion and retire to their homes Now, first of all they ought to attend to render service at the usual stipulated time No one should evade attendance. If, for any urgent reason, any Sardar mahes an application for obtaining permis. sion to stay away, and if such application is considered to be reasonable and is sanctioned, then in that case, after the expiration of the time for which the leave is granted, he should attend and perform the services required of him. And those Sardars who attend on or after the Dusserah Festival, do not bring with them the full quota of troops And some evade the taking of the muster roll of their troops And they always try in such a way that they may not have to remain in service for the full stipulated time. With a view to obtain pei mission to go nome soon, they go on putting forth various pretexts Ir the urgency of their work is taken into consideration and leave is granted to them, they at that time promise to return soon and render service for the remaining period. But they do not fulfil sucli pronuse. Sitting at their homes, they write excuses of illness, worh, etc, and go on sending applications for leave Nos, full services according to custom and the conditions of the Patta, should be taken from all the Jager. dars. All the Sardars should attend on the Dusserih Festival 10 days before, bringing with them their full quota of troops, and they should get a muster roll to be taken of their troops. la case the number of ·f 38 troopis hc lºss, thien in respect of such number of troops as may be found to be less expenses calculated at the raic or 16 rupees per caclı borseman and 6 rupes per cach fout-man per month should be recovered. Bosiles this is proper fine should alwe be levicd. Because, if only money ha; to be paid for the number of troups found to be foss), it is to their great convenience and advantage, and thus licy will bcconic more careless, and 25 personal service is required of thein all, if they du no! attend personally, such proper tinc should bc levicd from them that they may not act in such a manner again iu future. 7th.--All curlatorics (purtact), relations and kindred holding by Sunnud from the Durbar shall perform separate servicc. Tlicy shall not perform willi, or remain united in, the larger fces (pattas) of others. Relations and inſerior vassals of Chiots from whom they hold in lue to the shall thcir services he rendcred. 8th. --Xo Chicts shall oppress or conimit violence on their ryols. There shall be 110 exactions or fines; this is ordained. The Sardars commil oppression to the fullest extent on their ryots. The people come licre constantly 10 represent their grievances. If they are not properly Leard, they suffer a great deal indeed. Unless, immcdintely on hearing the representations of their grievances, some trustwortliy official is sent on the spot to make enquiries, and on their acts of oppression being proved. licy are properly punislıcd, their acts of oppression will not be put a stop to. And if the complaints of the ryots prove to be false, they should be punished. is rogard, Dand l'arad' (fines and exactions), the particulars with regard thereto are as follow:- The Sardar who has not to pay Talwar Bandai (ic., fee paid on investiture of fiel) to the Durbar, he too exacts from his ryots moneys in respect of Talwar Bandai. Also the Sardars, wlien any marriages take place in their families and when houses are built for their own use and when they go on pilgrimages, or when any great or small ceremony, &c., are performed in their houses, exact moneys for the expenses relating to the same from their ryois. Formerly, they used to take from their ryots as much as they used to pay to the Durbar. Now, as regards paying to the ·39 Durbar what is properly due, they cyade it. But they neser fail to exact riones (rom their ryots for their own purposes. Since the establishment of the Walter-Krit Raja put Hit Karni Sabha, the trarr125€ cxpenses among the Sardars have decreased to a great extent, and the feasting cxpxanees consequent upon the demise of a Sardar hale becn stopped. Volilistaudmg that the Sardars exact money from thicir syots With regard to this a rulc should be (ramed tha! money sliould be recented on such and such occasions at such and such rates And they should also pay to thic Durbar whenever there may be such occa- SIONS And the Sardars have also already increased and are increasing son c small or big taaes on " Hasil Barad " But the rfois belong to the Durbar The Sanlars cannot therefore, practise any oppression on them oth - What has been executed by Aject Sing. sanctioner and approved of by the Durbar, all shall agree to 10th - Whoever shall depart from the abrie, the Prince shall punish, in this the fault will not lay in the Durbar Whoever Cails, on hin be the oath of Eklungice and the Sree Durbar. Below this clause the Sardars trase put their signatures And it is written in the clause that if any onc fails to act according to what is written in this Kavlnamah, on him shall be the oath of the Srce Iurbar They ought not to swerve from the But they have sucrved, and thus they have rendered themschies liable for puustincat They themselves write in this clau-s, that if they depart (roin ullal is written there, the Princcslatl punisls thcm, for watch the Prince 1s 1101 to be blamed, that is to say, the Prince may inflict such punishment as he may think proper and no one shall raise auy objecusa to thc sarde.

·40 II.-In the reign of Maharanaji Shri Bhim. Singji, when Captain Cobbe was the Political Agent, this second Kaulnamah was prepared in the month of April in the year 1827. But the signatures of the Jagirdars and the Sahi (mark) of Shri Durbar were not put to it for many years. Ultimately, in the reign of Maharana Shri Sardar Singji, when Major Robinson was the Political Agent, it was signed by both the sides on the ist of February in the year 1840. Kaulnamah between the Maharana Salieb and the Sardars, Jagirdars and Pattayats of the Udaipur State, Further:- On Bysack Bud 14th, Samvat 1874, or May 1818, a Kaulnamah of the articles was concluded through the mediation of Captain Tod, bearing the signature of the Maharana and his Chiefs for the mutual benefit of the contracting parties. In Samvat 1874 (English year 1818), in the time of Captain Tod Saheb, the first Kaulnamah was made in the reign of Maliarana Shri Bhim Singji. But the Jagirdars did not fully act according to the terms thereof. Consequently, in the year 1827 in the time of Captain Cobbe, in the reign of Maharanaji Shri Bhim Singji, the second Kaulnamah was drawn up; but for several years it remained unsigned by both the parties. Ultimately, in the year 1940, in the time of Major Robinson, in the reign of Maharana Shri Sardar Singji, the said second Kaulnamah was signed by both the parties, and it was also countersigned by Major Robinson as witness of its having been duly executed in his presence. As in several instances the Chiefs have lost sight of the terms of that agreement, and their conduct has been at variance with it, the Maharana has agreed that a new Kaulnamah should be drawn up, with the advice and concurrence of Captain Cobbe, introducing therein the clauses of the original agreement with such additional Articles as may be deemed beneficial both l'or His Highness and the Chiefs ; that on the Dusserah Festival the whole of the Chiefs shall assemble and the Articles of the Kaulnamah be read and explained to every Chief, and their signatures affixed to the same, as also that of His Highness; that the Political Agent should also be requested by the Maharana and the Chiefs to sign and witness, to ensure the due observance of the ternis of the Kaulnamah. This agreement was drawn up several years ago, but was not signed either byt he Maliarana, the Chiefs or the Political Agent. Now, at the request of the Nobles and Chiefs of Meywar, His Highness the Maharana Sirdar Singhi approves and confirms the said Kaulnamalı, without making any additions or alterations to it, and the same has been formally executed in the presence of Major Robinson, Officiating Political Agent in Meywar, on Mah Bud 13th, Samvat 1896, or ist February 1840; and has been duly signed by the Malarana and the Nobles and Chiefs of Meywar.

·41 The clauses of the first kaulnamah have again been writlen here for confirmation thereof. Against all these causes detailed remarks have been written, clause by clause, in the first Kaulnamah. Consequently, no remarks have been written here. Isl - All lands Khalsa obtained since the troubles and all lands seized by one Chief from another sliall be restored, riew Boom, 2010-All Ruhlıw aree, Lagut, shall be renounced 3rd - Dan, Biswah, the right of the Government, shall be renounced from this such belongs to the Durbar alone. day no 4th --No Chiefs shall permit theſts in their escates They shall enter tam thesen, home or foreign, as Mogeas, *Raorees, Thorees, &c, nor shall any be permitted to remain, but those who may return to honest pursuits. Should any of them revert to their old haunts, they shall mstantly be cut off All property stolen shall be made good by him in whose estate the theft is coniitted. Sul.-- Home or foreign merchants, 211 Kilas, Beoparees, Bunjaras, enter the country, shall be protected They sbail 10 n10 way be injured or molested. Whoever offends against this his estate shall be confiscated. - 6th. --According to command, at home or abroad, service shall be performed. The Chiefs shall be formed in four divisions each shall remain in attendance on the Durbar for three months, and then be dismissed to their homes. Once a year a general assembly of the Chiefs shall tahe place. It shall be on the festival of Dusseran, commencing 10 days previous, and 20 days subsequent, with the exception of the Omrahs on duty, they shall be permitted to retue to their liomes. On urgent occasions, or when their services are required, all shall obey the summons to the Presence. 7th.--All feudatories (pattaet) relations, and hindred holding by Sunnud from the Durbar shall perforni separate service. They shall not perform with, or remain united in, the larger fees (pattas) or others Relations and inferior vassals of Chiefs from wliom they hold in fee to them shall their Services bc rendered, ·8th. No Chic's shall oppress or commit violence on their lyols. Thicre shall be nu exactions or fines; this is ordained. oth.What lias been executed by Ajeet Sing, sanctioned and approved of by the Durbar, all shall agree to. 10th. Whoever shall depart from the above, the Prince sirall punishi; in this the fault will not lay in the Durbar. l'hocver fails on him be the oath of Eklungjce and the Srec Durbar. Additional articles for the benefit of both parles. Ist. In the Sth Article of the first Kauimanah, it is wrillen that Chiefs slull oppress or commit violence on their ryot, that all new dund, barar exactions, leyicd in times of communion, shall cease. As they have not acted up to this engagement, and through their oppression many ryols have been driven from Jey war, it is onlainer) that they shail in future desist from such proceedings, which will induce the ryols 10 re-settle and tend to the increase of the revenue of their pattas and the prosperity of the country. Even subsequent to the making of the Kauluamalı of the year 1818, the Jagirdars kepe oppressing the people of ihe villages of their Jayirs, and on that account most of the people left their villages and isent away." It has beer, therefore, written in this clause that the Jugirdars are not in oppass the people of their villages, because the ryols belong to the Durbar. The jagirs have been only granted to the Sardats in order that they might enjoy the produce and revenues thereot. They are not granted for practising oppression ou le ryols. From thic year 1818 up to the date of this Kaula namalı (1. t., 1st of February 18.10), the Jagirdar's have licen cari ying on oppression or commilling violence. That is proved from' wat in written in this Kaulmanah. Even after that up to this time, the Jagirdars lave not desisicd from practising oppression on their ryesis. The ryots come here to represent their grievances. In consequence thereof the Jagirdars comme more severe violence on them. This ought not to be allowed. When lle pitople come liere to represent their grievances, one trustworthy person should be sent on the spot to make enquiries into the matter. Ind if, after making enquiries, the acts of oppression of the Jagırdars are proved, proper punishment should be intieied on the layirdars, so that they may not again practise oppression on the ryots: In case the complaints of the ryots are found to be false, they should be punislied. ? 2nd. It is customary for every Chief to remain witli liis quota of troops in attendapce on the Durbar for three months in This shall continue in force, and 110 Chief shall be detained at Udaipur beyond the stipulated period of service, as by their detention the Chiefs are subjected to additional expense and trouble. It is With regard to the custom relating to attendance of the Sardars for rendering service, detailed remarks liave been written against the 6th clause of the first Kaula namah, the year.

·43 optional with the Durhar to excuse the attendance of any Chicf; however, in doing so, the Durbar will not send for another in lits place until the expiration of the period the Chief thus excused ſom duty was to attend The Chiefs shall be bound to maintain the full number of followers , if they furnish a less number, they will subjeur themselves to the displeasure of His Highness. + 3rd The three-cightlis from the revenue collections of the Khalsa lauds are paid hy the Durbar to the Britisli Government for the protection of Mey war from foreign enemies; not a fraction is taken froni the Jagırdars on this account The payment of the tribute, as here stated, is exclusively for the protection of the country against foreign invasion, as the troops of the Chuer are sholly inadequate for this purpose, the Chiefs participating largely in the benefit thus secured In former times a chouch was paid to the-Duhhnees, who were A source of great annoyance to the country, this evil is removed The troops furnished by the Chefs are only hall the number they are bound to maintain, and are altogether unfit for duty, on which account the Durbar is obliged to issue rozcena and dustuh on the villages of the Chiefs, which sutject them to trouble and expense As the Durbar pays the tribute fron the revenue of his Khalsa possessions to the British Government, it was but fair for the Chiefs to have made a similar payment from the proceeds of their estates to the Durbar, but knowing that they can ill afford such a demand, in consequence of the heavy expenses they are subject to for the maintenance of their relations and dependants, Ilis Highness has flouglit proper to discharge the tribute from the revenue collections of the crown lands, without making any demands on that account from the Chicís Ilis Highness has now resohed that the service of half the troops the Chiefs are bound to furnish, agreeably to the rekli or rent-toll, be discontinued, and, in commutation of the aborc hic service, a money payment (imounting to : nnas 7} ples in the Rupee) be made, which is to be icrmed Chiattoond, that from this fuid 3 body of troops shall be raised for thic SCINice of the State. The Chicís arc not to As regards the moneys which are paid to the British Goveroment for the protection of the country of Veywar from foreign enemies, the whole of the same is paid out of the income of the Khalsa lands ot cven a kori is recovered from the Jagirdars on that account Owing to the alone arrangement having been made with the British Government the whole of the country of Mey war cnjoys peace, and in consc. quence, the Jagrdars have been greatly benefited Because, in ſormer times, for the protection of the country, they had to maintain a full number of eficient troops for the service of the State, and for the delence of their own Jagirs they had also to keep a sufficient number of armed retainers All this expense has been sa cd to them And as to the expenses which had to be borne for ariny, ammuntion, &c, in times of war and cumimotion, all those harcbccn stopped oning to the country being in a peaceful condition And as to the Chouth which used to be paid by the Jagtrdars ta the Duhlinees, that also has ceased to be paid And the Duhlinccs used to make raids upon the sillages of the pattas of the Jagirdars, and finding suitablc oportunities they also used to plunder the laces of their residence All this cuilis rcmovcu From all this, it is evident that, owns to an arran, ement having been made it the British Goi crnment, it is the stars tliit have been greatly bcncfile But when this arrangement was made, the whole of the amount was arranged to lc pad ison the Khalsa income alouc I his arrangement was made whicus Jalsarana Bium Su uji was os tlic turor: And he did ro! ) 100,7 attentio i to any Siale mitter. It want consequence of thus that i calune anivu ! was arranged to be pad ftiastic hlaria TC toue ali ne But in tlc.c Jays alite Januardats liasc locomac ucalthy, and her ·44 suppose that the amount to be paid by them is taken in lieu of the tribute payable to Government, as no portion of it will be appropriated to any other purpose than the maintenance of a body of troops. The payment of the chhattoond will not bear hard upon the Chiefs, considering the performance of twelve months' service with their full quota of troops which, no doubt, is more expensive and troublesome to them. On urgent occasions, if the Durbar requires the attendarce of the full number of troops, and detaches them on duty beyond the Meywar limits, a remission will be made in the amount of the chhattoond of the Chiefs furnishing such troops. revenues also have increased, and they have been also deriving benefit from the above arrangement. Why should not then this amount be recovered from them by the Durbar? When this amount was fixed, the income of the Stale was very much less, and this sum was fixed beyond the capacity of the State to pay the same. Such a sum ought not to have been fixed. But it was so fixed; and consequently severa times the payments remained in arrears And the Government had also to make remissions. This is a great burden. Itought not to fall on the Khalsa revenue alone. When all dervic benefits from (the arrangement), amounts ought to be recovered from all. By this Kauinamah, the Jagirdars have been exempted from service of half the troops; in licu of whichchhattoond' has been fixed. By this arrangement also the Jagirdars have derived great benefit, because in maintaining a full quota of troops, thcy had to incur mure expenses and they find it very convenient to pay nioney in cash. 4th.-His Highness the Maharana declares that he will not, without cause, confiscate the villages belonging to a Chief and bestow the same on another. In former times, it used to happen that if the Prince was slightly displeased, he used to confiscate villages. Therefore, in this clause, the Jagirdars have made a request that the villages of their Jagirs should not be confiscated without proper cause, as they used to be in former times. It is customary to confiscate villages of Jagirdars fur proper causes, and they ought to be so confiscated. The Jagirdars do not pay into the Treasury at the proper time the livo instalments of their chhattoond. In consequence thereof, the Durbar is compelled to send dustuks of horse and foot, &c., on the estates of the Sardars. If they fail to pay even after that, their villages are confiscated. This must be done. 1 5th.--As several Chiefs wilfully withhold and delay the payment of the chhattoond, on which account the Durbar is compelled to send dustuks of horse and foot on the estates of the Chiefs, to enforce payment of the dues of the State, which subjects the Chiefs to a loss of hundreds of rupees, and is by no means profitablet o the Durbar, His Highness has resolved to invite agents on the part of the whole of the Chiefs, and, in conjunction with the Minister, to make a settlement for I five years for the payment of chhattoond by į two instalments ; by doing so, there will be no occasion to send rozeena or dustuks; that if any of the Chiefs fail to pay the chhattoond 10 days after it has been due, they should render themselves liable to the confiscation of their lands and villages to the extent of the dafalcation, which shall not be restored to them, ·45 III In the reign of Maharana Surup Singji, when Colonel Thomas Robinson was the Political Agent, this third Kaulnamah was made on the end of Maha Sud of Samvat 1901, corresponding with the Sth of February 1845 and the same was signed kaulnamah made between Shri Durba- In the time of Colonel Tod the first Kanl- Doulat Madar Maharaja Shriraj Maharanaji namah was made Subesquently thereto, Surupsingji and all the Sardars, Oomrao, in the time of Captain Cobbe, a second Jagırdars of the Udaipur State on the 8th Kaulnamah was made, which was signed by day of February in the Christian year 1845, both the parties in the time of Major Robin. corresponding to the end of Maha Sud of Son In the first Kauluamah the Jagirdars Samyat 1901. had agreed to fully act 10 accordance with and observe the terms thereof Formerly an agreement was entered into But they failed and neglected to act in accordance bet tyeen Maharana Blum Sing and the therewith Meywar Cluels in Captain Tod s time, con- In consequence thereof, the second Kaulnamah was drawn up, wherein sisting of 10 Articles Afterwards another all the clauses of the first haulnamahi were Kaulnamah of tive Articles was drawn up inserted again and some additional clauses in Captain Cobbes time, and lastly one were also entered Therein alco, the was concluded between Maharana Sirdar Jagirdars made their signatures after fully Sing and the Clueſs in the presence of Colopromising not to fail to act in accordance nel Robinson, and duly signed by both there vith But they did not act according parties As the Chiefs have failed to to their promises Consequently, thus third act up according to the terms of the haulnan ah was drawn up in the presence Kaulnamah, the Maharana, in order to the of Colonel Robinson In thus, the Jagirdars due observance of the same in future, las, themselves have admitted that they have 10 conjunction with tlte Chiefs and His failed to not accorling to the terms of the Highness' authorities, drawn up the follow- Laulnamalis and they having promised that ing additional Articles And with a view to they will fully cariy out the terms of tric bring them into force, this haulmamah was former haulnamals, a d those of the present signed by both the parties in the presence hauinamall made their signatures But of the Political Agent, Colonel Thomas they hare not remained faithful to their Robinson, solemn promises having been promises as will be huown from tfie haulgiven by the Sardars to act in accordance wamali mide in the year 18,2 therewith 5 ist --All the Articles of the former agree- The Jagirdars have in cach haunamalı ment are to continue in force Every year, confirmed the haulnamahs made before 10 days before tlie Dasserah Festival, a that, and the terms of such haulnamals, general assembly of the Chefs shall take and they have admitted their fault for not place After the inspectior of their troops, liaving carried out the promises made by the Durbar will order such Chief as he then therein But it has alsays hapjened pleases for three montlis' duty and distinctly that the Jagırdars have giveti proper effect to name the Chiefs and periods they are rethose clauses auch were beneficial to their interest And as to those clauses which were quired to attend, and pernut them to return to their homes, and the Sardars are to beneficial to the interest of ibe State, they attend at the appointed time to render sent on erading in every way carrying out service The troops of the Chiefs to make the same And whenever a nety Kaulnamalı no excuse in the performance of their duties 1525 made, they simply admitted their fault Should they fail to attend at the appointed and no hud of purishment was inflicted finic, or be found negligent ur deficient in Had they been properly dealt 11 th from the neier harc numbers, thic Cluef in whose service they may conimencement tlicy would be, shall be called upon to mahe 2 money failed to perform their duties, and haul. payment in namalis would not have been made front lieu of troops to the Slırı time to tinic - Durbar, ·46 shall fully suffer the consequences thereof. Il is written in this Articlc that thc Jagirdar's sliould, according to practice, attend cvery ycar at the Dusscralı Festival, together with their quota of troops, and thereafter sliould attend with their quota of troops to l'ender service at the appcinted time, as they may be ordered. This ouglit to be carried out. With regard to this, detailed remarks have been made against the oth clause of the first Kaulmamali. This ought to be done. 2nd. The Chicls are to pay Chhattoond at the rate of 2 annas 7 pics in the rupec, in commutation of hall the troops Clicy are bound to furnish regularly at thic stipulated periods according to the terms of the first Kauniali. 3rd.The Chiefs are to use their best It is the duty of the Jagirdars to keep endeavours for the suppression of thefts proper ban lubast (guard) within their and robberies in their respective paltas ; respective boundaries, and they are not to thcy are not to harbour thicucs, outlaws, harbourin tlicir lhikanas (i.c., places) robbers, or dacoits, belonging to foreign jurisdictions : dacoits, c. And if outlaws belonging to but to apprchend all such offenders who foreign jurisdictions take refuge in their may attempt to enter their claquas and districis, they are to apprehend thicm and make them over, together will such plun hand them over to the authorities of the dered property as may be found in their State. This ought to be properly acted possession, to the State wliosc subjects they upon. may be, agrecably to the course adopted with the concurrence of this Duroar by thic Governmen!s of Jeypore and Jodlıpore. 411.---The Durbar las agrced, at the An ollicial of the State used to be sent request of the Chieſs, that whicnever any from licro and the boundary disputes used dispute may arise among them concerning to be settled. Now, also, such a course boundary or other matters, a punchayet ought to be adopted. will assemble at the scene of dispute, consisting of four persons on the part of the Chiefs and one to be nominated by the Durbar. It will be thicir duty to enquire into and settle the dispute with justice and equity, and their decision to be binding on both parties. 5th. This agreement has been entered In this clause it is written that the Jagirinto with the free will and pleasure of both dars should perform their duties fully in parties and to be mutually observed. All accordance with the terms of the Kaulnathe Chiefs shall continue to pay Chhattoond mah; and if they fail to do so, they are to and perform service with pleasure and satisconsider themselves liable to the displeasure faction according to the Kaulnamah, and as of the Durbar. That is to say, iſ any punin Maharana Juwan Sing's time; any insishment is inflicted on then for any act of tance of carelessness or departure from the carelessness or neglect on their part, they terms of this agreement shall render the Chiefs liable to the displeasure of the Shiri are to consider that the same is of their own Durbar as set forth in the first Kaulnamali. making. And such act of carelessness or neglect shall render them liable to the displeasure of the Durbar, that is to say, they ·APPENDIX C. een at variance Kaulnamah No IV, arranged in the reign of Maharanaji presence of Sir Henry Lawrence, on the 9th of Falgun Suddh corresponding with) the 26th day of February in the Christian year lighness' marh Sahı' and the signature of the Saheb For torty four years thie (Tlie Sardars or Chefs) bave also been, labarana and lies Chiefs have for several years past, confirming vanous The first lias Kaulnamahs, and in this (clause) the words erpetually complained of dise 'at variance' are written but in reality as alty, the latter often of there was no variance at all On their part Tranny. With no other motive the Sardars did disobey orders and did not han the peace of the country render service, and they did not completely nd the happiness of all ranks, cirry out the provisiors of the Kaulnamalıs , lic various representatives of in other words, they gave effect only to such he Sunrerce Government liave of the provisions as were beneficial to them Deca from time to time permitted and rendered inoperative such of the proo arbitrate between the parties. Visions as were in the interests of thic State several Kaulnamahs have been on the side of the Sardars all these things ccordingly prepared, signed lave taher place, in consequence of which ind agreed to get all, by each tlic State has been suffering in every way ide, have been continually In this (clause) the disloyalty of the Sardars wohen (Chiefs) Dus also been mentioned, which proses disobedience and violation of orders on their part It is also stated in this (clause) that the Sardars (Chicfs) have complained of tyranny, but ou the part of the State no act of tyranny has taken place The Sardars have sct up whatever pretext they liked The clause speaks about settling the differences between botlı the parties, accordingly, on both sides agreeing, several Kaulnamahs were prepared and signed but were not adhered to by them, and were continually broken This was not done by both the parties it was only the party of the Sardars which did not allow the Kaulmamalıs to be carried out, on the part of the Durbar no provisions of the Kaulnamahs were broken. Indeed, this Kauluamah of Samvat 1911 embodied those very clauses based upon ancient usage, which are in the interests of the State, (but) it contained some new clauses, which being detrimental to the interests of tlie State, were not fit to be accepted For this reason they were not accepted and this Kaulaamah became void. February Letter No 559, dated 7th in the Christian Year 1855, written by His Excellency the Governor-General, This letter of the Governor General, No 559, which is mentioned in this Kaulaamah, does not appear in Aitchison's Collection of Treaties Aitchison's Collection at the ·48 + Durbar has not On the contrary, Own request of both both the parties, of Treaties contains the Atli paragraplı of to Colonel Henry Mont this Kaulnamah, which does not appear gomery Lawrence, Agent to the in the original Ilindi text. That paragraph Governor-General for Rajasthan, runs thus :- in connection with certain 6. 'The Maharana's anwer to the Chiefs! It is stated in the fourth differences betwçen tlie Nialarana complaints of cnoronchiment on their fands paragraph of Aitchison's Trea- Saleb and the Sardars of proves that he has not only encroached on tics tliat the Neywar, confers upon tlie Agent their estates, but even established villages only encroached on the Sardars' of Rajasthan authority to inter in them. Ilis lligmess' licalment of estatcs, but has even established cede in this matter, and directs Lawa also shows he has punislied guilt villages in them. in fact the Agent to put into force the with undue severity. On the other haud, this is not so. new Kaulnamah which has been it is not denied that thic Cliers have been Ilie Sardars finding suitable prepared and to strictly enforce disobedient and many of them CYCII opportunities have cither usursit in the case of those who may rebellious," cd the Kliaisa villages, or, refuse to obey it. Be it, devastating them, have added therefore, known to all the Sartlicir lands to the lands of their dars and the subjects of the villages. And in order Meywar Territory, that it is that tlıcir usurpation of Khalsa the desire of the Government lands may not beconie known of Indla that as long as the they have, in anticipation, Maharana acts justly and follows brought these false complaints. the counsel and advicc of the And the complaints, too, which Political Agent, the Government they made must probably have of India will inaintain the been made in respect of waste authority and dignity of the lands of some Kliaisa villages, Maharana Saleb, and thie alleging thein to be their own. Government of India directs that Otherwise, they must point out it may be made known to all the any of tlieir cultivated lands Sardars and the subjects of which may have been added to Meywar that this Kaulmamah any of the Khalsa villages. is in accordance with the pre- In connection with the treata and the fornier Kaulramals wlich subsisted ment of Lawa, it is stated that between the Durbar and the ile has punished guilt with Sardars have been sendeied void undue severity.' The real facts by virtue of this Kaulnamah and are these :--The patta (fiel) of anyone acting contrary to the Lawa was granted in Jagir by terms of this Kaulnamah will Maharana Jagatsing 11. to Doria not be allowed by the Political Sardarsing. His son, Samantsing, Agent to do so. neglected the management of bis estate. For this reason, in Samvat 840. in the time of Maharana Bhimsingi, Sangramsing Sactawat. son of thic Jagirdar of Shivgad, finding an opportunity, ejected Samantsing from the fort of Sardargad without an order from the Durbar and took it into his possession. the time of Surupsingji, Chatrasing, the greal-grandson of Sangramsing, had possession of Lawa. His paternal uncle, Salamsing, nurdered Udawat Mansing, who had previously becoine refractory, vious ones, Oin Maharana 5 ·49 Article 1 -Chhattoond, at the In this Kaulbarnah it is stated that the rate of 2 annas per rupee of income of the time when the Chhattoond actual produce, to be paid to the was first fixed and the present incone are State of Meywar at tro periods to be added and the total is to be divided - December and June--through into two, and on such average income the a Bapher or Vahil Chhattoond should be charged At the time when the Chhattoond was first fixed, Therefore, in calculating the according to the calculation of the income Chhattoond, it is arranged that which was shown, the Chhattoond was not regird being had to the Beechhi froperly fixed In those times the country Jarr a average) ou which Chhat was lying waste and therefore the income toond is charged at present, based was less Before those times, when the upon the Pichhlı Janja (former country was prosperous, the Cihattoond or come) and the present income was not fixed on the income derived from of each patta (Ja_lt, the 6th part the villages at that time Nor was the real is to be charged as follows income ascertained when fixing the Chhat- For instance, the Raj of Sadri toond Such income as the Jagırdars used to pay Rs 1,000 for Chhatshowed was accepted as correct, and the toond), while the 1 hus Maharana Chhat:oond remained fixed thercon is now desirous of charging It has been got fixed contrary to rule in Annstance which such manner as they wshed aggregates Rs 3,483, the mean, that is, of this will be shown The income shown as crage of which by the Sardara in Samvat 1907 is also of this way the this description. It was neither ascertained. Chliattoond will be charged nor did the Sardars state the real and full And for the purpose of this calincome And they did not act according's, culation the Sardars must get nor did they accept it. the present income of their pat- Therefore cox the Chhattoond and the tas (Jagırs) registered, otherservices must be fixed after making a itise it will be taed by estiinale thorou, inquiry 111to the income of the Rs 2,483, Coties to Rs 1 741}, in ·50 one upon inspection, and the Chhat. Sardars' estates. And if even now the toond which will be fixed now Sirdars do not show the full income (of will not be enhanced hereafter. their villages), and if it appear to the Dur- And should any delay be made bar that their income is greater (than that in paying the Chhattoond, he shown), then in lieu thereof they will be will have to pay interest at the granted, from amongst the duly assessed rate of 12 per cent. per annum, and surveyed Khalsa lands, such villages as after month. And after may produce the income shown by them. tivelve months, lands to be On fixing the income accurately, according confiscated to the extent of defal to the terms of the patta (grant), the number cations according to the discretion of horsemen and footmen for service should of the Political Agent, be calculated. Half the number of such horsemen and footmen shall be in attendance on duty; and in lieu of the other half number of horsemen and footmen, the Chhattoond is to be fixed in cash at the rate of Rs. 16 per mensem per horseman and Rs. 6 per mensen per footman, and such payment is to be fixed and made to the Treasury. { In addition to the 2 annas The Sardars used to perform service per- Chhattoond, the Chiefs are to sonally with their full quota for six months. furnish one horse and two foot Their service for three months was retained, soldiers for three months at and in lieu of their service for the remaining home or abroad (that is, within hali period of three months the Chhattoond Meywar), in lieu of the two was fixed, which consists of the payment of lorses and four foot at present tlie salaries of the horsemen and footmen. furnished on each Rs. 1,000 of But this arrangement exempted the Sardars actual produce. Should any extra from personal service for three months withservice be required, the Rana out paying anything in return. Now they will pay for it at Rs, 16 a have only to perform personal service for month per horse and Rs. 6 for three months. Attendance in personal a foot-soldier. Any failure of service entails expense. service entails expense. Horse and footservice will be charged to the soldiers do not cost so much. Thus they Chiefs at the same rate. All have also been spared the greater expense. Chiefs with their quotas will And they are not required to pay anything attend at Udaipur for ten days to the Raj in return for this advantage. before, and five days after, the Therefore by the Chhattoond having been Dusserah, to pay their respects fixed, the Jagirdars alone have been beneto the Maharana, at which period fitted ; and the State has suffered. their turns of service and their posts will be allotted, On any emergency all Chiefs on receipt of the Rana's Sign-Manual will attend with their quotas. Those holding separate Jagirs from the Rana will pay Chlattoond and perform service separately. Saloombur does not pay Chhat Saloombur las to perform service for tooud, but performs service at twelve months at Udaipur with its quota. the Capital for twelve months So the Chief himself should remain in with its quota. And if it does attendance with his full quota. But should not furnish its quota, moneys as he not keep his quota for twelve montlıs in mentioned above will be charged. service, the amount of the salary of the ·50 quota must be paid into the State Treasury And should he not attend on duty person ally, moness sliould be recovered in lieu thereof also. And should he repeat the same conduct next year, hic should be au arded such punishnient that lie may not act in this manner again ) 2. Kaid or... fees paid on Nazarina on account of Kaid (fee) on Talwar-bandliau, re, 111 csti Talwar-bandhan in Marwar is levicd nccord. ture of fief, to be 12 annas per ing to Rchlo In Mej i zr one years income Rupec on the actual produce is recented from some, according to the of one year, this will exempt present income got registered in Samvat the payment of that scai's 1907. And from a person taken in adop- Chhattoond The Chiels of tion nazarann on account of Talwar-ban- Amait, Gogoonda, Kanorc and, dlian (investiture of ficf is levied, wluch Banasra, and the Kislinawuts, is one and a lialf times his income. Ibe are cxempt from these fees, rate of 12 annas pcrrupce on the but in lieu of them they pay actual produce of one year on account nazarapa, luch, instead of being of Talwar-bandhan, which is mentioned in left to the will of the Rana, is this article, is not correct In former times now fixed at Rs 8 per cent. on either onc jcar s income or somethung more the actual produce. or less, according to the Durbar s pleasure, uscd to ba lcvicd. The Article refers to the exemption from payment of the Chihattoond for one year But the Sardar from whom nazarana on account of Kaid Tulu ar-bandhan is received is cxempted from payment of half the Chhattoond for that year, but not the whole In thic Article, the Chiefs of Amart, Gogoonda, Kanore, Banaira and the Kishnavat3, &c, are stated as having been exempted from payment of Kaid Talwar-bandhan But in the pattavahi (Register of Jagirs) Amait, hanore, Banaira and Saloombur are stated as liaving been thus cxempted, but not Gogoond. The Kishnarats wielded great influence on account of Saloombur It wasowing to this that latterly they did not pay on account of Talwar bandhan But they really have not been exempted from this payment Should they have been so exempted, they would certainly have got their names registered And just as the names of the three places linie been registered, their names also would have been registered, because the Kaulnymah contains their signatuies also Some of the Kishnavats have also been granted Jagirs subsequently most of the Kishnavats have to perform service at Udaipur for tuelve months, and for this reason they might latterly have been Of course, ·52 sometimes exempted from this payment. The Kishnavats must now attend service for twelve months at this place (Udaipur); and from those who attend service for twelve months nazaranas on account of Talwara bandhan are also received. With regard to those who have been exempted from paya ment of Kaid, it is proper to receive from them a certain amount per cent. as nazarana on their incomes; and such nazaranas have also been received ; because, on the occasion of the Talwar-bandhan ceremony, the Durbar inakes presents of elephants, lorses, ornaments, &c., to the Sardars; so it is also proper (for the Durbar) to receive nazaranas from them, a certain amount being fixed per cent.; and the Sardars have been from the first giving suchi nazaranas. - This Article is actually in force. - 3. All sums which the Rana has paid or may yet pay in indemnifications for thefts and robberies proved to have occurred within their fieſs, to be repaid by the Chiefs with interest at Rs.6 per cent. for the past, and 12 per cent. for the future. 4. Thieves, dacoits, Thories, Some matters are in force according to Baorees, Mojlıcas and outlaws this very Article. But there are Bheels are not to be harboured by the living in the Sardars' patta-villages, and Chiefs. . All participators in the the Sardars constantly put off handing them proceeds of robbery, receivers of over and thus save them, and do not make stolen goods, or protectors of proper arrangements to prevent thefts. It is thieves, will be held as guilty as in consequence of this that those people the thieves. They will, with the commit more thefts. concurrence of the Political Agent, be punished by fine or imprisonment. All merchants, traders, caravans, Bunjaras and travellers are to be protected in Passing through the territories of the Chiefs, who will be answerable if plundered, provided they have given notice of their arrival and taken reasonable precautions for their own protection. Plunderers of all kinds are to be apprehended and made over to the Maharana. If the Chiefs are unable to do this, they must report it to His Highness, and the Political Agent conjointly with the Maharana will settle upon the responsible party. All ·53 clairs for thefts traced into Veruar villages will have to le Jd by the villages wliere the trucks cca C 1 centi 5 All moneys borrowed from Whether moneys should be lent or not the Maliarana by the Cineſs, or depends upon the pleasure of the Hurbir. ca 'lis llighness' guarantee, to If moneys are to be lent, on shit terms and Le liqui lated, the former at 6 at what mic of interest they should I c Icnt ser cent and thic latter at 9 per depends upon the wall of the Durbar Fuller unless a rate was fixed at a mortgage may be taken in writing in ile time of guaranice, in which respect of a village, or the mortgage may case that rate must liold good be taken wil possession, or a mort 16 Tlc l'olitical Agent will fix thic may be taken in writing as altyan tie, axtalments to bc fixed in such one subsisting for a specific period) And ligu dation, in like manner the givmg of the guarintcc also depends upon the pleasure of the Durbar it may or may not be gren, and if it is to be given, on fiat terms it should be given depends upon the will of thic Sonic why to Sac 6. All nazarana except the or course on the accession of the Durbar fol oru g are abolished to tlie gadi 1 nazarana is taken in respect 151--On acccssion the thereof, from each Sardar, consisting of trone and on the first marriage Rs 500 and onc or two horses. In the of the Rana or licir-apparent. article Rs 500 is stated is the nazarana frem the sixteen Cluers, and two to be received uniformly from all Umraus Ryahs of tl e first ranh, Rs 500 The nazarana sliould be fixed 113 proportion and one or two liorses, as is custo the income of cach cstatc, because thic #mary, Itsser Chiefs and others, incomcs of all are not the same For 2 f«cr cent on tlic present actual instance, the nazarana of Rs 500 is taken ļruluce will be given to the from Dergid and from Gogoond also that of Rs 500 is taken, wlule there is incomncs much diffcrence between their 21-0a the marriage of the 1 lucre- Moi eoier, Rs 500 is a small suni Raras sisters or daugliters, 2 fore a certain amount per cent should be anras in the rupec on the prescut fixed on the income it is beneficial to the octual produce for one year, and larges as in Rana Bhim Svogs Sardars to pay nazaranı of Rs 500 each 1. c, will be given to tlic State For this reason they allowed ilus Arucic to reiniin in ſoice On llie occasion of ilc 3d-On the Rana's proceed marriages of the Valvaranis sisters and on a plurimage, i anni in daughters annas per rupec is slaicu "crupce on the present actual as the aniount to be taken (from thic juduce of one year will be ghen Sardars as a nazarana) Formerly merc used to be lessed This sligull also be scttled and liorscs also should be taken as berorc. As to pilgrimage, if anna per rurce is stalci za tlic Article as the amount to be lchicu Forincrly, on the occasious ulco the marriage of the sacred Tu'sı (ant) and the Udjapan.ccrcsony, of the deitt Anan were perfurmal, moneys watc aly taken Ind now the moneys wluich are sjable the occasion of u creal : 131Tidos liceu louc Slate kon panto ·57 7. Arrcars due by the Chief's When the marriages of the Maharanaji on account of the marriage of Shri Surupsingji's sisters took place, the tlic present Rana's sisters, to be customary amount was not paid. And repaid at the rate of annas 25 per cently, when Shri Babji's (i. los llis Highrupee on the present actual pro ness' daughter's marriage) was solemnized duce of one year, together with with the Maharao of Kotal, they did not horses according to the practice give anything. The moneys and horses in existcuce. ought to be given as is mentioned in this clause. 8. "The Chiefs are not to levy larger sums from their ryots on occasions of investiturc or nazarana than they themselves pay the Rana, 'The Sardars should receive nazarana from their ryots in connection willi thosc occasions only for which they tricmselves give nazaranas to the Durbar. And they should receive from their people nazaranas at the same rate at which they give nazaranas to thie Durbar. And they should also, if required, submit a list thercci to tlic Durbar, showing that they have received so much money as nazaiana at such and such rates. 9. Many Chiefs have of late l'or 9 or 10 years they did not even como been guilty of contumacy and to render services and they forcibly resumed disloyalty, thus rendering thicm thcir confiscated villages. From that very selves liable to be fined. The time they have become more daring. Only Maharana has, however, with the one or two Sardars were fined Rs. 25,000 advice of the Agent, overlooked cach. What loss did they suffer thereby? their offences, except those of the And from that very time their contumacy Chiefs of Saloonbur and Dco has been increasing day by day. And such gurn. Thiese latter forcibly re conduct has been doing injury to the sumed their confiscated villages, interest of the Statc. and cjected the State troops, for which they are cach to be fined Rs. 25,000. The Maharana has forgiven all past offences with the exception of murder. 10. Bhoom lands (allodial From the commencement it has been allotinents), houses, Jagirs, written that as to the Bloom, &c., which villages, Khavanpavan, Bhugat may have been taken from anyone by the Bhog, pieces of mortgaged land, Sardars, the same should be renounced, deeds, grants, charity lands, &c., This has been repeatedly written from the to continue in the possession of time of Colonel Tod. Now, in this clause, the present jiolders. Those it is written that Bhoom, &c., will continue which are held by grants dating in the possession of the present holders therefrom Bhim Sing's reign, or of. Now, how can this be ? At first, they written deeds of Captains Tod disobeyed the order of the Durbar and did and Cobbe will not be resumed not renounce the same. How can the same without good grounds, and their be allowed to continue in their possession ? rights will be investigated by the No investigation has also yet been made as Political Agent, aided, if he to how much land is possessed by different thinks advisable, by four or six persons. Grants, deeds relating to mori- Chiefs who are known not to be gaged land, &c., which may be considered hostile to their Sovereign. as reasonable and acceptable, may be accepta ·55 new Bhoomias (land-holders) from ed; otherwise they may not be accepted. the Maharana are, as bitherto, Some Khavanpavan (maintenance to be responsible for the pro. allowances) have been granted and some tection of their villages and for have also been discontinued Lands and all lusses by theft and robbery, houses are granted and are also confiscated and the Sardars will have to The words Khavanpavan' (maintenance act in their respective pritas in accordance with what is written allowances), 'Blıugai Bhog' (enjayment or possession), do not appear in Altchison's Collection of Ireaties, &c in this clause. نوع 11. Dan, Bishwah (transit No importance will be attached to mere duties). Logut (taxes), Khur *Kabja' If there be a Sanad granted by Lalur (wood and grass), Rewaree the Durbar and of it be attested by Colonel camels, house-tax (Khana shum Tod and Captain Cobbe, and if it be in arı), all belong to the Dosbar; force, and if it should have been produced, but those who have had the right then only it will be accepted. of collecting such since 1od and Cobbe's time, and who possess With regard to Lan-wishwa, in the third clause of the first Kauin mah niade in the necessary (Sanads) deeds, will continue to collect tlieni, the year 1917, corresponding with the Samvat year 1874, in the time of Colonel Tod, it has been agreed to as follows - Danwisliwa,' the right of the Durbar, shall be renounced From this day, such belongs to the Durbar alone Therefore, such Sardars as may have stealthily or secretly continued taking the same, are to cease taking the same And the amount that may have been received by the Sardar in respect thereof shall be refunded to the Duibar And sucli Sardats are liable for punishment . All (cesses) demands in force in Captains Tod and Cobbe's time to continue, all others levied of late years are abolished, 11a, Lagut of Dan (customs), Buiar (taxes), fines, &c Deeds (sanads) of exemption by former Maharanas and by the present Naharana will be respected and continue in force. Scies 13 The orders about pails, In the State Jaillhina' and other witches (Dahums), Bluopas (witch ani angements do exist The Sardars who snformer-), 1yag Bliat Charun, have entered irto an agreement by putting faed by the Governor General's forth false excuses, do not send their pri- Agent in Rajputana and cuncursoners to the Udupur Jail to undergo their red in by the Malarana, are to terms of imprisonment, and they say that be obeyed by all classes in Mey- they will heep them in imprisonment in Prisoners are to be maintheir own Thikanas. But they have some fained according to their condimotive in not sending their prisoners here. lion, but not at a less rate Perhaps, they may be keeping them in than one alina or at a greater imprisonment or not. They may be releaswar.

·56 than cight annas, per diem for each man. None are to be tortured or ill-ticated. ing them after recciving money from them Who knows they may also be giving insulti cient quantity of food in the prisoners. I futurc, all the prisoners should be made i undergo imprisonment in the jail of the Durbar and the charges of food slould be recovered. 14. "Thic Maharana, thie Political Agent, and the Chiefs will each appoint three Agents of character and knowledge, and tliese will name a seventh to draw up a Code of Rules consowant to Rajwara customs and justice, for the future settlement of all Criminal and Civil cases, and by which in ſuture all parties must be adjndyed; the Code to be approved of by the Political gent. 15. The constituted Courts will settle all cases of importance that may come before them. The Chiels may adjudi. calc suits of minor consequence between thcir retainers and ryols and niay imprison culprits for one month, though not ill-treat or torture them. ln appeal in any case may be made from their decision to tlie Minister and from him to the Political Agent. 16. Bhanjur (or hereditary councillorslin) is wholly abolishand Surna (sanctuary) las also been wholly discontinued except in Devasthan (holy places). and any ed ; Bhanjgur (or licreditary councillorship) is entirely abolished; and except in Devasthans, Surna (sanctuary) is not allowed any where, ch 17. "The ancient usages and Thc Shri Durbar also desires that ancient privilges of Chiefs, temples, usages and privileges should continue. Religious establishments, &c., to What has been newly introduced should be continue. The " An, discontinued. In these days, the Sardars of allegiance, to be observed as have introduced and are introducing new of old. usages, &c. All tliose sliould be abolisted. or oatlı ·57 + 18 The Maharana is only to Fines have been recovered from some levy fines through a written and from sone they remain unrecovered order of the Minister, in which and the Sardars evade payment thereof must be shown the reasons for Therefore, the fines that have still remained levying, and the amount, which unrecovered should be recovei ed. And in most be in accordance with justice future fines a ill be properly recovered from and moderation The same rule all And such courts and district courts as to prevail with the Chiefs who used to levy fines by sending Dhos' are may levy small fines as hereto to continue to do so ia future fore, recording their scale and rate in the Agent's Office. Dhouse Dustuk for summons) only to be sent by the Minister's written order or by those who did so in Tod and Cobbes time. Both parties 19 A British officer or other As to the party who will destroy the official will be appointed to settle boundary marh, full punishment will be all boundary disputes (Kankur meted out to lumi or Seem-ha jugral, present and future to share the costs, unless one may be proved to have destroyed boundary marks, when that party will pay the whole, and be further punished as deemed expedient. Political Agent 20 Adoption of the next If a Sardar wishes to adopt (a son) in his male heir by Chiefs or others life time, lie is to submit, first, with bis applis allowed, with the knowledge cation, a genealogical table of his Haldars of the Maharana, and in consom (kinsmen), and state that a certain person is nance with custom and Ilındı his nearest Hakdar (tglitful heir), and that law On the demise of Chiefs he desires to take hum in adoption If he their widows, with the counsel be the Hakdar (rightful hier), and if there of respectable well-wisters of the be no other claimant, the Shri Durbar will family, may adopt after giving give sancuon to the adoption After obtainintimation to the Durbar and the ing the sanction, he is to take (a son) in Political Agent In cases of adoption, not before If a Sardar wishes to disagreement appeal to lie to adopt a person who may not be a rightful heir, and if he submits an application stating reasons why lie wishes to deprive the Hahdar (rightful heir), and if the reasons stated in such application are found to be proper, and if the Durbar gives sacction, the person a ho is not the rightful heir can be adopted. In case he makes such adoption without sanction, it will be void, and the defaulting party will be liable for punishnient. In the same way, after the demise of a Sardar, luts widow, with the advice of the respectable well wishers of the family, is to adopt after taking the previous sanction of the Durbar. Without saaction, she is not to adopta ·58 ) 21. Grants of lands or villages This clausc is in force. But Laklına (tax) Ilierelors to Eklungji, Nathowara, Pun- is not levied under any rule. chowiec, Behareedass and Cho a rule ought to be tramcd with regard bee to continue to the holders ; thcrcto. all customary collections as Naig or Court-ſecs to be paid to those entitled to them, and not be collected with the Chhattoond. 22. The houses of Chiers in Most of these houses have been bestowed the city of Udaipur not to be re by the Durbar; and in most cases, a house suined or given to others while has been taken from one Sardar and given inhabited and kept in order. to another Sardar. And no Sarriar is now Their gardens to be watercol from allowed to take water from thic lake for the the lake "Pichola," fice of use of liis garden. charge. 23. Thic Chicls were prohibit- The Chiefs ought not to unitc or band ed in fornier Kaulnarahs from logether. Those who enter into combinauniling or banding together. This tions should be punished. They still enter has not been attended to. All into such combinations. They should be such combinations are now 011- punished. There are proofs to show that nccessary, as everyone can, if he they still do so. has a real grievance, imnicdiately obtain redress; and they will therefore in future subject thosc entering into them to be treated as cnemies to the State, and tlicy will be punished according to their offence. ܝܚܕܝ 24. An Agent from each Chicf to reside at Court, through whom business will be transacted. Persons of respectability only 10 be deputed, and they will be treated according to custom and the rank of their master. 25. All ryots (cultivators), Even now, the ryors (cultivators) are not wliether of tlie Crown or of tlie in any way prevented from settling where Chiefs' lands, can settle wherever they please. And iſ thic Sardars have any they please unmolested. Any claims against the ryots, they can sue them suits against then must be referin the Civil courts. \Vhat is written in thic red to the Courts o! Law. All 25th clause in Aitchison's Collection od people, high or low, can appeal Treaties, &c., does not appear in the original to tlie Political Agent. Hindi Kaulmamalıs. It runs as follows:- • The Rana will not interfere in mortgages of houses, lands, &c., though he may discourage them as much as possible.' 26. The Crown lands being This is acted upon. In the Jagirs of responsible for the protection of the Sardars, where there is no arrangement the British Government daks and for proper protection of Governinent daks, banghees, the Chiefs must be such arrangement will be made, equally responsible in their Jagirs, and in like manner make good all losses by plunderers.

·59 ib 27 No Sardar, &c, will Tlus rule has been in existence from build a new fort, nor will they before. But now it has been infringed to much strengthen old forts. some extent The old rulc should therefore be enforced Taking advantage of suitable opportunity, If any Sardar has built a fort without permission, the same should be demolished, because all are aware of the prohibition This clause does not appear in Aitcluson's Collection of Treaties, &c. 28 The salaries which the All tlus is new. Jagirs arc in lieu of Durbar may fix for the mainten. salaries The same will continue so long as of Kamdars, Pass 104, the holders thercof render service in a proabce attendants, servants, ac, accord per nanner. If they do not render service ing to their position and wants in a proper manner, the Sagirs should be or requirements, will continue confiscated, and they should be punished After that, if anyone commits according to the nature of the offence. The theft and takes bribes, and after Jagirs have always been wholly or partly due enquiry if he is found guilty, confiscated, the samc depending upon the for the first time, he will be magnitude of the offence and the will of the Durbar pardoned. But if he is found guilty for the second time, he 13 This clause does not appear in Aitchison's to be deprised of his employment Collection of Treaties, &c. and maintenance But in tlie case of a person holdwg a Jagır or enjoying a permanent allosance from old times, his Jagır or allowance cannot be confiscated without the advice of the Political Agent The abcve Kamdais, ác, are to gic' Nazarana 'to the Durbar the occasions of marriages and accession to gadis, according to their means and according to the old usages To Leep them in office depends on the pleasure of the Durbar. an 29 After the exccution of Tlus Kaulnamal also has been cancelled. this Kaulnamah, sluch abrogates Conscquently, all these matters which are all previous ones, any disputes new have also become void The first that may arise at ary time Ruinamuh which was made in the time of between the Durbar and Cinefa Colonel Tod has remamed valid And some on points 11ot mentioned or that provisions of the other haulnnmahs are also may be doubtful, must be brought being carried out in accordance with the to notice within three months, Kaylnnmahs But this haulnaniah has been for the decision of the Political cancelled because it contains many new Agent ia Meysar and the matters, Governor Generals Agent Rajputana, whose decision will be final Tnc 26th day of February in the Cliristian year 1855 PIONEER Press No 919-28 7 03

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