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·CROSBY LOCKDOD S NSSY LIERARIANSHIP
SERIES
Gold Esitter Robert L. Collison, FL.
L BIBLIOGRAPHIES Subject md Nastom A Guide to
der Coatson, Aropemot mod Use by Robert L Calloon
114 Pige losed
2 LIBRARY ASSISTANCE TO READERS by Robert
L Coloce grd Ecco 149 page Milestradat 131 och
BE A LIBRARIAN A good to otects han modern libris
broship by CW Corns, MLA, LL.B. (Contab.) FLA
Boroost Lebens, Broorky Lett. 104 page Matriced
od
+ INFORMATION SERVICE IN LIBRARIES by D )
Fekete, L. FLA, Litora, histstate of Blocdoa,
Vurerary of London. 1 pouces 13. od
5. THE PRINCIPLES OF CATALOGUING by L
Julky ALL FLthe Deputy Literba, Vatrenity of
Gingow
4 ADMINISTRATION IN LIBRARIES ET R. N Lock,
ELL, Latores in Chergs School of Liboutonship, City of
Bermupham College of Commerce
7 CLASSIACATION IN LIBRARIES A tobook for
xodes by W B. Paton, FL, County Librada, Lamart
sburg, Hoa Scattery of the Leary Apochadon
Al boots will be doch bound, Luge Croma ira (lm by
st) bort i po pupas, et post chaluated, ud at poca
noring from io o Tide Moe i to 4 we aliendy
poblabel. Pallioma of doe da te mogao od bortis
aqrected during you

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·LIBRARY ASSISTANCE
TO READERS
by
ROBERT L COLLISON
Ft Lara Audi
Widlund
WB. STEVENSON
Dopo Larry
LONDON
CROSBY LOCKWOOD & SON LTD
O POLOTONY ROAD, AV

·By the Sexe Author
DIBLIOGRAPHIAS, SUBJICT AND NATIONAL
BOOT COLLECTINO
DICTIONARIES OY TORTION LAXCUAGES
INFORMATION SERVICES
INDAXIS AND INDIUINO
MODUAN ITORAG: EQUIPMENT AND MITRODS FOR
SPECIAL MATRIIALS IN LIBRARILS
THI TIJATAUNT OF SPECIAL HATIRIAL IN LIBRARIES
DIALOGRANICAL ADVICES THROUCITOUT
THIS WORD, 1953-59 (UNESCO)

·Foreword h STEYEVSOV Fellow of de Leroy Ampicions Borough Libraim of Monary ITS Chapleanse to trodne this, the deed, eried etnon of IN COITOAJ Croot motorul Antece to read tude tory bart of liberomskip and 3 or other tongue should kad to it. The stor del web de techniques of audience in a et ad combatere mener, for brutus il catrict les conclusion that she sex of de most stets firing branches of saadeen work a hbanes" The wport of good going bode ocode and lande the hoty cunot be onerestaduated. There we will too for public barra dut me wantitely recogabee us back, or adequarly emporarh We have still stand so kome to the rear forsque of daphy the other has some watetering muggestions to take It borte, wuch die Maternatic tracking dowe of readas coqona ter che book a chiety concerned, med chc ramac of ob wod fhowever bedwon it xa xen) b of grant portatace. The tabos ire a sandard procedure for be wort, od box comma crery enquiry should be created as oport The side recerca of good library optiera ee only teper fordy relaed by many of our reades Personal guidioce kotta Docente Espoontly rebabka os the chapter albtary na to dildoen, for mort md more liberis arabrog that the two doka soal beprasate back The fourth part of that book co reference postcoal forms a good grade to ortal hibkortical sets werd We ar pill some way from A Collocarida muom which would gore z okfriente more water droe dan hade my portata book, pemphler ar

·onmp IDION TOO Hout LOITOOD & TAY LTD LORDON
First published 1950
Second Edition
scrised and enlarged 1956
Third Edwion, revised and clerged 1960
HTTD AND MADE BY CLAT BAITAN IT
MOTORE AO ION LTD, NOR AD
TA LrTom D YOOKIDOO DO IT LONDO

·THOUGH Ut Adomowledgments por name opet on in de poses recherche book-bikt maany others of the outcome of in omcable change of optouca with other people and reproos dados a cooxcation of proces day toda lay good Here here at this the property of the theory profesion wbok op bed or de to my croos han transmitting them Io especially grateful to Mr Roomla Ley Lumea of the Fier Valley Regional Libary Beritoh Cotaba, Dt Lewat Chat Powel, Libration of the Umresty of California # La Angde: Mr W B. Sperent, Borough Libraria of Harry 14) Bobbington, Chty Libanm of Sheffield, ad Mr IL Supot, Cry Liberia of Portmouth of whom laat pe blocks or photographs for this edition To Mr Robert Vorper Daoctor of Liberia 4 toc Umrecenty of Kors, Mr LR McCart Ciry Libraries of Westetistes, od MFW Berror, Borough Libor of Eales, I em todebted for permals Hon to reportat material base e the benes My thanks abo to che Escor of The Libraries for permission to repeat purt of the dapter a Directores mod Aantak. And to the City Libraria of Sbobold laddovede utch trang trak Asin P & Chandler worthi auront report on Shed Is mod with school laren I am pleseed to bare Ms Robert L Query good to the of analogoo whache thom Aterom technique et ur best Inbo drowale wote grattends the overy letter of comunet med anden woch greeted the fox cetition of the book, all of whox Solen bore been carefully okan boto xccount to preparing the durdable RLC Hamprad, id Marker 1999

·TONWOID
persodical is available in the United Rmgdom" but it o por 10
impossible ideal.
This book is a valuable one, not only to the student studying
for part B(v) of the Library Associadon Registration examina
tiot it can be osed with advantage by all librartim u . refresher
course, giving u it does a clear md concisc statement of the
essentials of KTYC to reader
W B STIVILSON
1 December 1959

·TO AY WIFE

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·Contacts Page Fortrand Act owledge batrodactoon 4 6 TO Purt To Lour External and Geornal Notes ad Sigo Bostop od Deparuncats The Leading Library The Roarece Library Public Infocreative Bereza Otact Departments Dosplays Gode to the Cofidion Grados to the Cotulogues TO 22 12 34 tot POOK tiada The library Handbook Dolch od Books Castilogos, Bibliograpdoo od ocber Pooted Matter Amoutons Noday Pobiety Put od Protondo 39

·CONTENTS
Part II~ ADVISORY WON im READER
Readers Adrusory Service
Reference Method
The Vertical File
Outride Resources
Compung Bibliography
Introduction to Library Service for Children
Library Lectures
Part IV-REFERENCES MATERIAL
Maps and Garetteers
Directora and Annual
Encydopaedus and Biographical Reference Work
Offical Publications
Local Collections
Abstracts and indad
Catalogues and Bibliographies
Conclusion
A Short Reading Course
Index

·List of Nbustrations
Barres Moyo ti
Fig L. Udog the ashogar: Home of Sheffieldi sbool Hilton
2. Vores boobs o sources of buforpubor school kareth
Sbudod
3. Profica] bodas Deck, Clendoning Medical Library
+ The Biomedical Library Vermonty of California.
$ Vuirerury of me Library Boostructional motion
& Potations Dork, Ustroody of Califoda llary
7 Broadbill Bunch Ihrey Sheffield
4. The Reference Rooms Umresty a Cubifornia Library
Boog toe books to the people mobile Eberry
ja Toporary tabtoon of books, Sheffield City Libero
IL Honey Library and the Cine Estriboon.
12 Frost Valky Repool Library banda a Abboaford.
1 Morsy NBL School Libada attoos
156) Erlibat a book collettory Vermoury of Caliloreda
ܕܡܢܐ
w Pornoch i Tobal representa ofite Doy xtrater
of Libros od osts Department Pex 114

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·Introduction PLAN to accommpory a guide to the catalogue wo com Loodan, od the libraiu drew the pretinery Sketch on which the anders as derby art cool coold bare ter pomocto dawiog When the studeno vrited the library to compare the sketch with the prerako for themselves, they pobuted out that the librarian seketch bad been drawn from the port of Tiew of the Ebratim booktag wet of his bibrary towards the street whereas, from the reader s xmdpout, it would be far better to base che ples on the readers first impressions as be entered the bbrary frorn the street This is typical of a natural loodency among libonim-and, badeed, among all specialisto look at a problem muinly from thek own pount of new Owing to periods spent in the Force muy librarian bare found therostres in the worpected post bon of becoming readers at strenge librulo ad, ti nmnber of and for the fox tunc, they have begun to realize the need for much more aplict golding od istrace to readers them is pronded in their own libruja. They have come to reale that while the expert reader with plenty of time to spare for visiting hbracios may find the books and information be wint without mache difficulty the trerage man is belly in a busy and will Deplert to look at sonry but the planet of notice. They are begin to recognize the Dead for repeating momcements place the first notice may very often be mbued, and the Decentry for officing and bodividually wherever pouble, unice mor people will be cute to spproacha a dok muted "Enquidites If the wat sppen to be busy with my type of routwe wock a conocer enten miramonga ishop be aporta from the bastant behind the counter u much bep oh whta lis porre tooder very often the cocomer does not boow the parole of the gadget bc beach and empire only a very inadequate decidon ·INTRODUCTION of it. The amount of belp he obtains determines his opinion whether the shop s good or bad of just indifferent, and a tiether be u ever likely to go there agam. The same prudpla of Kervice apply to almost all types of stops and offices in too many libraries however the staff tend to adopt the aturade (quate to consciously it must be admitted) that the reader who already has some knowledge of the ways of thc particular library he mong is the most deserving of atmoon. Thus the reserve soch of a library is tapped mainly by those readers who uc accustomed to consulang library catalogues, and is fulles resources will be best cxplored by those who have voited it regularly over a long period. Nor in many cases, do the saff of the average library realize whar impreson the ordinary resda raceiras, for the rot one of mansfied request somewhat deadenus the impact of any failures, and the number of staff to even now to small that only the most amerdive of readers can ensure that he will always to cctve adequate attendon. The main the street docs not like "gving trouble" to people who are obviously Fortung bard, however much he may be encouraged to do so and it is therefore necessary to give him as much help as posebic both directly and iodicaly Aids to readers to day go far beyond a handbook or a notice they endode everything which can concavably help a reader m bu chose of a book or in bis search for Informanon. The more detailed de mistance gron, the more certam will be the att faction of the reader It us shot suffian to present a well-elected cock of boobs before the eyes of the reader it h Accessary to give him the keys to the best use. That thus u essential o duc ro che cormow growth of even highly-specialized libraries to the century Whatever the pe of library facral or sprake the render is usually confronted with a large amount of readasmatter in which the second rate os indmed to swamp the more its portant xemThe errmgement of this material may not appear very complicated to the librarian but to the majonty of his readers it almost certainly 3. In any case the librarian hoe prorided » oumber of gudes catalogues, danfianm, ccto ·ام الع WTRODUCTION belp hos readers to reach the item in the library bot these Faidos bere teondre become so densoped be the technique das they shoueres bead copiatory matter I b derefore pouble to do any of buchi della sed womentioned Weathentip for a reader to contes a library ad lerre et tabo cbearing the book o moformation which Les test ready to hod. That this should bepper crear a Tary Abob xomething which to libraon wood knowley tolerate. Whatever that count of mouch frustrations wheche & be a cortom degree of obtoseness on the part of the reader, or a lack of apprecionog bis rodea problems on the part of the libracun # B something to be climated mcbant delay of the libotry it to become really effort, mod it the modetroar of this multo w in this purposes This book boos brca de wide the poate of Tew of the radar who knows thetke of librma or their rodara kept well la cod ba spore-wa taboos bold to discurs the disenal of a berom k wo the chairmom i prood boost that he had acter st foot bride & public bibenryf had the libraries in de toms be bad bred in a volted bec sporc adequately put on the trap # Dor powable las catman would bare been totable to barre de muchosgolur dam? In preparang pablicity libre toms or oftet spe to but that cater facts about cara IT to well board to obrdoa that they at Dot word repeatlong. Eren lfthey are boom wall the present rende ac porcobal readorsed to satmaly toprobablemach year CW feedboo grom which boom laude of what kino uc milk. In addition, the sporterent of population by crea gretter than before the artery bread boo bang urges to the bow who do nos bror trente e of the pam street or the cuts-doug day much ke stat libaria that ac or where they ke storite. The technique of keeping the public to formed at of motion people has been highly derdloped by aber puble since which lane te droga in no sodbe a to wattre being where be my crown the libracia 71 me from the methoda that Do berc bowledge and part of obec ·INTRODUCTION publx is asumed, all information being repeated and couched in the amplest wambiguous totis It has not proved possible to treat in detail the problems of the advanced worker and the lughly specialized library Those who have read the late Dr S. C. Bradford book on Dixonenta (zod edition, with an Introduction by Dr Jesse H. Sheta sod Professor Margaret E Egza, London, Crosby Lockwood 1953) will rcuocmber bu desaniption of the needs of the sandstood of the difficultas encountered by scientific and rectorucal libraries The type of services he there proposes are all an extension of the work of helping readers but are bet read and conndered in Dr Bradford's own words. mo

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·External and General Notices and Signs TH "He great majority of libranes are well concealed from public notice. In the nineteenth-century when many of the librana of present-day importance were built, it was generally accepted that a library should be placed near but not in a well-frequented part. They were further modered by a ford and trancful form of arcutecture which current taste finds somewhat dostasteful and therefore ndmed to ignore. The combination of daborate denges with lat tinute economia ia mienior decoration zod furnihmgs bas left subsequent generations with costly and Deffiaet brudng which we w worthy of their mok. Mode hos bem done to remedy thuis in recent years the actre buildmos which have been created hve often been well designed and strategically located nevertheless, in common with char prea decessors, they someones present long stretches of wall and Windote without any form of dosplay or poace beyond an offical announcement or a foundation sonc. It was the posible for several third-year stodono io a large American univery to conta fess recently thar they had never made use of thar turcruty library (which s very well socked and admirably admitered) just um many a provincial town in Bricam the local rendent is mable to give a stranger proak mnformadon concerning the position of the nearest pabloc hbrary The concealment of hbranes in this fashion bus rarely achieved iss purpose. back streets and cul-de-se ac notonously conse dered the most convenient for the loading of trucks, the parking veludes, and therefore the best ato for traffic jams. It these places in fact that the lives of the public are mor - dangered Nor bas the modern practice of setting a library sell back from the thoroughfare behind banks of Bowers-pland and carefully-coded lattu much to recommend it beyond an aesthesc satisfaction, for the publk all pass sucho a building duty without botherms ro fmd out what purpose it serves. It has yot to ·NOTICES UD ICNS bessabteshed at tryb a poblic service which seeds to be wted a posce which the politic crack about malog made detons from the moslimony and wabout ceposing thenores odtoly to the seckuncons of the weather. Ere bass man toom that the song of Boy kad of premtes To Hightly offke om detto w prevent the boy botte wee or the benzed wata from osong tomorrt whet abson burchy derred by scenery to do so Politic becmos sermon to be contraced that the most pobrople applies to the kilussa mder their control Wheeter the porcoon of the kibay about a bould bc tande wody Loowo. Perando sbould be obcard to creci POOch of boppose and cost como rect.og people to the Hoy Lo Diant to do so wabon mlmg promision for ther Datenance to good condiootnagy places old, with lading and balkobliterated botiku ant to be kan ha neplect produces a recy band improve and will doorcocated people to router bitrary All Doors should be flamed to cart from the bet mod be repeated at the mercance of many two roads where there any amper of obe reader mig bas rott Eskon, a shonli bcc bez te pontuan of the bear to plainly acked cal map cod grados based for the ance of the poblic whether othardly or motionally a check on local op will wants real in che portion of public buildings bardly obesondy down that trmges to the district sorten bat ay ma che library szogaban dut mphat are my come whoca bey sem a bussy Onts to student more ettore to the bikary 8 correctly wodood named. And, of bac Bryn tepate ut omne Astras frou ocher public buildings, is to make comment that the door terpers tod Engordas PRI e able to me warta watoto on how to reach Doce de rester la rected the antat torooshfar be boudd peter be mi porto monder which is the builder booty ube libras Pabex balitng do not wally exc KET pticeber bakar met this may be actose of cooble embaruaru to the new rada Sigos n boch cads of the 3 ·THO LIBRARY street abould direct the reader and the building loef should be plainly marked there should be so possibility for the readers mistaking it for any of the buildmes which official urchitecture mata it resemble-police stations Laboratons, dubs, of relee phone exchanges. A library can be adequicy maked-mubout appearing insightly by a profecung agn placed high cough to be seen over the heads of passet by but low enough to be sert from a ar and thus sgo should be illuminated at night. It should be to denigned that it can be read from ather ade and large cough to be plainly viable across the excet-eod It shoold bc kepe in good repair Some readers of this book may fed that so much guidance is unnecessary for those who have had any experience of directing the public to such buldogs a Olympia or Carnegie Hall from quite scar by will realize that gudance cannot be too datzile or repeated overmuch. Buildings and Departments ON NB of the most frequent ames of disappoutment to readen is ther areal at the library at a ame abea it os dosed. The hours of opening should be printed in all gude boobs and directories, induded on all pablic doces (including if pos tible all street agtis directing to the library) printed in all the library s publications, sed exhibuted plainly on the street frontest of the library Thuis, if the library las bebind ornamental Gardens It should be potrble for the publxc to know whether the library is open or not without having to cross a large open space to bad Weather In Lay case it should be posible for the public to know the bows of opening without actually entering the building and the bours of opening should be printed on all correspondence especially reserve and overdue nouces. Any nouce placed outade a ubrary which gives the boars of opening sbould also caunetzte the departments rynlable to the pabloc It has been known for readers to penetrate as far as the arctater flat icarch of thon-Tiki CW3800mm. In the one ·OLDOGS AXD DIYATANT way may soon of bora due to public holidays, redecorinen octoral topan, at should be plainly chibuted well in mce of the period od odonide die building as well as de Members of the politic booldbelafi y so dobrconcert Ing what froitida me nilable to than a my bour of my porn bcoudry A wide comhed letter-box wib xef dostog fap abodd be placed de de catrende for de return of books # toma wzreza the hbaryb doved. This faturt b looked opon with difaroer by some lihcurs who feel that it cm bewed for routing the fyme of foxe Agus thus borette er bc kt die overwelcoleg dretage of the corrience of those members of the poblic wo katyt too bte to bod in the boobs in the ordmary Way After all the return of the books themsetra b what the bibeuren prmeipally dettes, ad the quero.co of the settlement of say out tentang fines can be toode dependent on the return of the rader = tickets and pantspoo to boxtow farba books Sacha a lette-bou should be dealy maked RETURNED BOOKS od bould be floantrated in the termg. On catating the building the readers should buratinocy food dear golda derectang hum to wbrever part of the borry be what to you. Ially m Enquias Deko dotrable but few tiboa bure space or deficient off to spare for thes, od is place mor be alom by us firecong the readers to the radost departements of the brary Hert nezin eTy pos director, the rodas to departments on the dood bordd are the hours of opening of the racy from those are at the catrmec to srand mang de poblete The separation of departm.com should be opruhy poted. the che dirette of firectora od yastools from the fuum Refacce Louy or the Adolem Colation from the Childreas Deporters, boold be made boom All doon nd contracts should be muted of public wash the use of the department if for of te only with the word PRIVATE ABT turses Dot batended fx ple should be roped off todebo make sure he shoes, it should not be por ble for any readers to take or deperds for mother to be ·maware of the adstence of any facility or to enter any part of the buldmy not designed for his post. Joss Indide the entrance to the library should be placed a well iBonmated plan of the entire building, shoang the position of the departments in relation to cach other in makmg such a plan it is useful to use an Bometric or similar projection which wil STVC a three-dimensonal impression and thus improve o danos of being understood by the reader All agns and plans should be so deaged that they bear useful information on both front and back if they project from the wall, hang from the celing or are fixed on wland stands. They should be clearly worded a letter capable of being cały road from a distance of ten or twelve feet, and should be placed at a bright rufficient to allow of thar bemg read over the shoulder of interrening readers. Paracular care should be mamelaed at all times to casure that no ponce B left up once it is out-of-date or hos served its purpose If the library has branches e oudying areas, or a travelling library service, full details-indudmg addresses, hours of opening and telephonc numbers should be displayed, preferably where readers can rc them as they leave the library Similarly noucos of extension activities lectures concerts, etcy are best duplayed faong the entrances to departmena, ancc readers are more likely to look at them what they are learng rather than in their hurry to enter a department The Lending Library As the reader enters the bording Library heakould be left in no return his books. If posuble the "blad" adc of the counter facing the catrance which is often proteased from draughts by a glass Krech, should be provided with an Enquria guichet for the use of new readers The lay-out of the aretage Indug library especially if it has many island stack, confusing to the reader ke is not caste for 6 ·TpI 11XDING LIWAY here to gozpe Layout a whole or to get my deres tropriate of the ther of lurt collection of boola based oncordat * nomad Darmorables. His impression eres la dear when duhete de many readers to the Ebony od where there is noch morent of poblico To bop bom k sesented to prom not a muto bet of wide, the fact sa good plan of the department. The plan booled press ( be on the hometric pehagle od should be beaed on the trace, bowtag cloudy the portion of the book do pod the catalogue to read to the dak or colores The moments of shaxt bodd be muted ca the plod, and the pootha of rejacent department half chey can be reached from the leading litary-bould sko be hom Serenal copies of this plm should be made. Case tould be toket sundat glase cover o conde of the counter where resdent ca mocy It during deck periodo tale check back ac beog Sadargod. Odion should be placed Det the cologies and « toutek pouco throughout the departement where readas nog bare school to end there. Thos, i cabla od chairs are provided for reden, I would be well to treat a copy of thor plan on each cable cop. The blind ends of books are the good places for plans, provided that there in efficient space a front of them for readers to end and starts to play without impeting others. Each of the plans should tanice be readco to of the Auff for further nofoto. There are many people to wore the souty of phos dod Dot appeal for there, and further to most all readers, the bookstacks to the content soust be mandaly suited Exchbooback thodd bere os cosessos del trion, the conteab of each oa dodd be displayed directly above it to wller letter Ing. The band and of boobrads should sho hate that mita como show. The methods of decking sector ofbook sucks we houx libena bang formed posted on boat lettered dyrs apbetseks, orkea late term legered ducaly to the wood a moral sciedt. Some of the older brunt wich I booked bare filled in the top here web works of copy 7 ·TUR LIDIARY the content of the ters. A few bang the litc babens pro fectmg from aber end of each stack, while some of the more recently crected librana use removable coloured plote letters which often look very effective and can be scad easily from a distance. A vrut to a still-planned modern bookshop will pro vide addigonal ideas, just as the study of any lurge department store will prove a useful lesson in adequate methods of guiding the public well and mobtrouver The method touch la post wted to the needs of the indiridual library should be obosea, and the wordmg of the notices should be carefully choarn to sine the readers for whom to mtendeel. Then the word LANGUAGES 1 more likely to awaken interest than the term PHILOLOGY in a general library It s not sufficient to guade the bookstacks and the art o many cases the shelres taconsels should also have some indica non of the contents. It was once the practice to fix one or more subject gudos to each shelf latet there was a natural reaction which tended toward the removal of all shelf guide. The more sensible method is to make a shelf guide whictever there is a important subject on which the library has a representative collection of material. Thin cten the smallot general library has 1 shelf or more of medical books, and medicine 8 a subject for which most readers look froth me to ame chose a deir ce for a shelf guide Shelf gudes are of many typer somt are lettered on blocks or meal brackets shelved betweet the books, atule orbers are small slips held in metal contamets on the outer edge of the shell Sell others are attached to the upright supportng the sbohres, and some librana bive even lettered the content directly on co ube outer edges of the shelvo (a pracace to be arouded an it prevents the frec interchange of shelsa and the mortment of dasses of boola) Here agun the choice must be sured to the library s particular needs. the main feature to be deured in all nonces are that they should be effecture without being unduly obtrustre, The reader is unaware of effective guidance be make use of a without being conscious of io crescence Its only is absence of ·THI LIXDINO LIBRARY madequacy whicta sin hem to anticism. As a general role it should be assumed that where moretext of stock is raphalom 1 emul bibery wb large intoesit i best to employ morabic mida of a type whach can easily and smfily be fitted ma new position. In poche libraries daborite lettering direct on to the stacks and share themsetra o masteful and mideading pass akce bould be kept for mort satu material where extensite duge o conhkety Not only the bbcary ndos departments, the booksach, tess and sietes should be goded, but also auch diridal book by mexus of its darsficoon number, since thos is really a shorthand rendon of subject. The castificado number should be dearly ketted on the lower porton of che spine of the book of it is a lang manber the first ebree figures should be lettered bollly and the rex in med et figures, thout:- 621 A4 mod it sbould also be emered that the title on the spise of the book corresponds with that on the adopage and m the catalogo If there be my decrepancy the ode on the space should be abeced mufficiently to ensure wertfacation. Examples of this at the omacon of the title or of the author s bame, or the palacmg of the poblabers dame alone in the case of trade pabbcation Where the book is too sm to bear a title or nonnber on its que, the tachor score, bref us, and donation member sbould be lettered on be top left hand corner of the core ince this ofica profetas sbore Doghboxong boob aad, in my case, bt mox dadly meas soon as the volume is dan out from to fillon Whers, owng to the wallness of the department or the stre of ube xock, therto a large rate of material which is not sable to the public, it is to the adriotage to remind readers of thes Excem particolaty e te shetra where this message particulaty opplies. Thos mox geral ubrzaa bure large collections of 9 ·TIIA LIBRARY boobs on the locality in which they are uruatc. If there is not room on the shelves to display more than a fraction of the marcial, a notice to this effect on the actual shelf contaming books of local Interest will help to OTCTCome this difficulty Ito true that such resources are fully revealed by the catalogus, bet many readers never make use of amlogues and soume that orkat they see is all that is zvalable. The Reference Library butines from the pomt of view of both librarian and reader In the first place unlike the stock of the lending library the refer- ATCC stock is rarely removed long from the shelves and thus shelf guide o usually left with ruffaent books to support us statom ment of what the shelf contains. Furthermore, the reference department o not used to the same extent as a modern Icading library, and there B trinly more opportunity to move round the shelves m an unhurried fashion and to tady the conteo at leisure, being sure too that the important as well as the supporang material on a subject is to be found there. Again, it 8 often pos sible to see the lay-out of a reference library & a whole since it is rarely impeded with ssland bookstacks As the reader cheets the reference library plan of the depart mat should be the first thing to meet bus gaze If the adistants dok is placed competiendly near the reader will then be assured of an adequate introduction to the department Booksacks, acts and shelves should all be clearly marked with their content and since there is more opportunity to study these nonce they can be worded rather more fully The problems of a reference library are somewhat more com plicated than those of a ledug departmeat in some respect. For instinct, like an iceberg, many 1 reference library can only show to the readers a small proportion of its total resources The reserre stock of a scartace library contains many large set of books, and some librands attempt to tadicate their presence by то ·T RONXC MLIT plectens de fire (od someone che indos) Totame of cachexto de poble sbares with a woont poceni mode to the effea tha der er of the rooms a becomand ca ptica.com la scary this Debod could och bertered was sapratne born Te, pendice, bor for the reader will trail boosera of this opportunity AS, mumny opes of relatet mateoul is pereble, Moos, mzabiors, the Doe sotable for cosplay to open betres, so that there are mot be left to the members of the staf mood to adequate abbogenog mod todong Asociar problema chet of the moſ rayos bete of reference boob Neads very recam tibrary balear dece regarnca of booktocro, quarto end fotod otec bort z four for defbaret fobiol. This typtem combles the most covoay land space to be more and belps the staff to ford boobs cants cod quots best uz is a contact for the reada od (t) dhe parald woroco may bong boobs on the same sebecter cachocher, m (3) the reader some more of trance of odber bools on the sot Rubicar owne to test bang thered a separate sequence Here on the roader b dependent on the sold the anrr karunatakarninute till roommand the library Ormy to theft and reacts-tse as the practice in muy reformace Hrane tortor popular sad soportant wacks from the man sequence od stare them on the saff mdomont a in some part Dolopar to the public, Thece o do objectice to this worthod fronda to the trailsbeley of roce boobs a show. by DOCES plochy bylayed the port on the hero a which they would portat pe to loon, ure ndertree bruno bure special boitides mille auto barge collzons a fechal mabeco bound pocs arra for fort Rot a copyas C. There Latga should be made boom to rado od xox belt to betocorand during som det er bara member of the th One och konce which in altered by many liomand TAI Sous aploded is the mulilly of coordele 11 ·TIN LIDIARY beck files of newspapers, periodicals and the proceedings of learned soneties, and get m these is contamed the first set of important advances of knowledge which can ill afford to be ignored It is not suficient for the experienced reader at a library to know what resources he may reasonably expect to find in the reference department the core Information stould be greato cytry chance vzator to the library no matter whar department he net. An eminent libranan recently spoke on the radiom the Woman Hour be medoned three umple services Auch s every reference library offers a matter of course for days after vards he received number of appreciative letters from mtelligent listeners, the burden of which was I never knew toch useful services were available locally it as obvious that libraries have yet far to go to mabog kaota their cveryday services to their reader Public Information Bureanut PUBLIC information barcaws are sometimes bowed on the local public library more often they are placed strategically at bosy pound in the toon whete the greatest number of people are likely to notice thienu but even so they are often admmistered by the public library of the area. Whether they are admmmheted repararchy or as part of the local library mrvices, thar mieres hare much in common with the latter and crcful planning necessary if urinecessary duplication of work is to be aroided. The best aty to achieve da u to define the work of such burcu which have functions which the ordmary reference department only panly anctopt to perform The most imal types of public information barcaux art those concerned with an information and with holiday. The aric Information barcnu attempts to advise people on problems affectbog theur eteryday life such subjeca s house medical supplie and Galas, family croubles problem mith regard to Nacool Serviet cthy are typtal of their daily roining The answers to 17 ·TUULIC INTOLATION MINUX mache dificobios att to be found and partly on books and painted exter while a collection of this material is a Docery part of the buren, it would be sdf be infident to cry out it work. What is needed mediteden is of experienced in the handmg of these problem and wbo bare personal Lowledge of the tempe Oxy legalabion, the regulations, the local and audional welfare KTRICTS, and the factors of the appropriate loal and national gorrent departments in relation to Dembea of the public who a tu dutcodey It has been proved that library toits are apable of performang theo mock successfully box to do so they Deod special training The fuoction of libery is to provide beformation from porated sources the aric mformation besen adds to dola by providing information based on aperience of smlar case in the past, by putting the public to rood with experu md with official dkspertocats, mod by seeing to it that welfart service and deerable oretations et contacted wherever there wa definite need for the bop. There hos are o all these for the closest collaboration betwema de fibrary and the arc information baren ood, where the batter bor provided independendy there to a strong ugotice for its retumg up todet public Library 15 peces a part of the normal nice to readers Hobday information barres bure comut to be accepted Texture of many cows cowbich the public mareningly retic for the accenfal pleanmg of sbobdays. The prontion of guides to boblay to Do* cufficient ab's Bonity the basic material ind it can be supported by nude other material Standard guide books, copograpbacal word, maps Ordowoce Survey road, cul hiker, water, morat months, bastoncal sites, mount mering etc.-tretablo (as oil, bus, coach, samet etc.) details of domet od foreign contes, south boxcel and camping od coding and bitmy guada, bard and boxdog book date Codes, od smlo narral art daxial feature of the Rock b-trade of the charent bobday mformadoa bertan. Na marse desp holiday-ncoding babidays at home, local trends, half day trips and excursari, etc-be ignored. Moreover done 13 ·TIN LIBRARY cooperation must be built op meb local mard and touris agenacs, and with the sapomal socations connected with travel and holidays Other Departments "HE guddmg of other departments of the library o based on libranck All cffective guldmg is largely a matter of commot SOTIKE, coupled with an ability to see the library from the reada : point of vier retrodiculous, wabiguous and mideadas notiers continue to be dosplayed from time to dme ommng to lack of foresight The department wually mos neglected by the frames of notices is the caspaper and periodical room. In many libraries this, the most used, also the Cinderella of all departments, and is treated as such by staff and public alike. There is no DOCOSATT for such an attitude most people get great delight from reading ther broarice periodicals and only asime 20 appearance of mute maty when obliged to read them in an mstitutional-lic atmosphete nutended by notices of SILENCE and DO NOT SPIT Near the entrance to the Department a list of newspaper and perodicals available should be displayed and the avail ability of files of back mes should be made known. Thus last should be in alphabetical order of dtles, and there should be an additional lot n subject order for the convenience of the great majority of readers who are not famuler atth every item wluch is publeshed on the rubjects in which they are interested. Addtional cope of the loss should be placed on the persodicals rack and on each of the walls of the room Ideally a pruned assistant farmed with copia of Millings the Marspout peo directory Gogory Ayers the World lio and the Bneith nation saray of periodicals) should be stationed in this room ready to answer aquinas and to supply back oumbon of periodicale la addidon, there should be adexes to the parodocais (see page 113) If thus not posible, nosucts should be displayed saying that such 14 ·OTOL DLALTKINTI Eboo de arribable es be dance lobory The portada comer, If des Bed in order of Douba, sould be pleonly wedoorten speen voi botole ed umbes and they should barredhe type of wodos atrasparent cover stick willenbla there to be recopiodd borter obey be on the able Add of there by doarpssy between the poblahadde of the good and the date tootmik tato (as a the case of foreign poodab od the publications of women loond endleries) Bodice no pas effect thodd be offered to the Core Rodas guadeas the childrens biber sobject an io out which regard sprdal condesbon od arronent. Saffice 1 to my tur il soccer bould be made to see the lord of wodeunding of the sends, and that the ad ter gudding hould be trople and bold, while ithotrannd will add to the Jetirada di words, tad nodd water to a plan of the department will be for more accufal to exploring to children the ormgeroctet of che contents of tbor library Alos pobtic biberoan bare a collection of local postertal, od k rue dus sa room at fly aplaced by the pastry manbro of the public who might restantly be aspected to be basement in it. This party dhe Erals of inadequate grade Counder the contents of interage boal collectocidades the boszory topopraphy and requires of the tra, machon de groalot od boxory of loved bruses del rep mod history local directors, beographer of lool worthuis wods by local Pobors, and motortute boubs locally proted od poblahed. Fruth maps plus porn, nooca, plazbilk, programaci, trades ante, all of local materet Then there is die achar mroml, cartea, doode aste bocka, mimoil and other coat trcorts, pol bosks, documents relation to local portas todmorna, farrabth, and local being firm, Moch of this mal box foted to my kind of doplny Here dhe aplestore pod so belard to dos dados atrafol mahalott borot good prosted goods and freqpentsaged effoshte dopup of local motal parciada a topelmeen Asd in this caterede se presence of manber of the off with a real ·TALLIURARY interest m and knowledge of the subject is the best deact to such a collection Among other department sometimes pronded are a brumes or a commercial and sechnical library whose sent are mostly in a burry here notices need to be briefind bold DIRECTORIES, PATENTS, ANNUALS and to oth Everything m such department must be deugned froon the point of view of the mua standmg hettantly at the entrance and gazing round the adres: from his pontion he should be able to read crery important and should also be able to study a good plan of the department An Enquina Desk thonld be fomg or at one side of the door Interracdutc libraries for adolescents can safely demanda fairly high degree of comprchendon and mtelligence on the past of the reader The adolexont reader is intelectually alıre bila faculties have been sharpened by the competition and interest of whool life, and he ts habituated to the effort necesury to under stand new things. He may safely be requeed to read straight forward explanations of the datlication and the one of cat logues, to grasp a dcar plan of the department and to ford bus way about the shelia with a moderate amount of hdp The problems of music and gramophone record collections are too specialized to be greated here the prinapla ure boteret findamentally the one mod only require adaptapon to be ypa of material being handled. Displays cpery library there is sufficient material for medless tories Lof and sectional interest. Unlike a boolshop which is often im peded by commcraal coodderations, the library can give prontinext to cultural interests of crea limited appeal, as the name amel aan ako devote other doplays to more popular musical There should be no cantine for the septant who neglects to change a display on the plea that he can think of no new subject all the obviow ones barag already been woed. If this is really to 10 ·DISPLAYS Here ba so rearon why sobfect picmoudly bad boold not be erred mder a sortide-tournalist only retire the valle och subjects of Spong the Easter egg and Christmas witbout my ble drop in interes on the part of the public. Bot a glance at the day a oct will only provide suficient trasportation for more thm Of Bon display od rejected ideas soolt be noted for future to The purpose of deploys bould not be solaty the explaktudion of noglead rock the boterests of the readers must come fatt. Fartumately these two top often comode or ælast ovalep to a certam extent; where they do not, the display sdf smelly snored. Daplay oe endles in the morets they may roughly be divided to the following categories: copicul coureerlo, outing events, etc. sobject-brogong together boots on the amxe or idated wboots which, by renon of dofication or size, outy ordmarity be separated on the shelves *) Individual cothorobanging together the works of a michor who bus wmton a wide variety of abfacts a) cbooboo krep the public in touch with what ben recently been added to the library (e) arbobitrons-diploss of books in connection with events I, ac Oordide the libras boat week, loal lectura, ctc. Under Bettica () Foold be ndoded deploy in connection with broadco taking place de mox day om the per foture, The object cosplay woda () onld belp to plant the remate sock Det ordinary able to readen od thus show that each marts milabile co reqpet. Section () roald help to bemg to the traders nooc wocha by sabors to which he is ftercased od which he might oderne bare mined. Duplay should not be read to go form of all or e department they should come the fil round of the Lemy and would scode periodick pictures, maps ploos ·TAL LIBRARY prines, and ary other norrbook mactual wherever it is appro priate. In the Ame way whatever the department in which the duplay p actually put matenal from other departments should always be mdoded wherever it has a definite beamng on the subject illustrated. Thc display of book-buckets is still anc of the most popular forms of publiazing recent additions to a library but the popor lanty o manly restricted to the members of the staff spre micu the books theorselves are actually railable when asked for the readers find such displays more mritamang than hdpful. Dust jackets, bemg designed to sell the books, are decorative effective and readily lend themselves to attractive arrangement. Les maggcrted hoftver that they should be changed as soon as the boolds they represent have been hosued, mless it is reasonably certain that other copies will be available within a few days to meet the demand their dosplay has created Displays need not be sestricted to the library itself they can be placed on the street front where they will attract new readers, or they can be placed at vantage pomoekembete in the town. Sotte libraries make use of the window of the shortrooms of local public otiloch, or fix a glow-case or display-board in the mam entrance hall of the town hall, or even borrow space in the show windorts of the local department store The possibilities are cada less providing the dosplays are frequently changed and do not lose char intereu. A study of the mahods of experienced adressen will show in the connection that very frequent change is utoally necewary and even a short ame spent watchmg the public: reaction to displays m shop windom wil demonstrate that a hugh standard of arrangement, lghungctc., is accesary to attract the aftonbon of the somewhat rophotele tastos of today In the library iself dosplays of books are very often difficult to organize effectively smce the stock of a busy library corn loser Its new appearance and is exploitadon most rely manly on Douces with a frong appeal. It is possible to mlize a certam number of permancat onc-book displays for small spaces such as the blond ends of booksschraith miles soch IN THE ·DISPLAYS NEWS, BOOK OF TODAY TO-DAY'S CLASSIC, TY CHOICE, AC They allow for the emphasis of satero pro Kosted in the library i stort by caly a few books, and abo facile an be quit abattution of an OKT Douce has to be pespeared before a book cabe toployed. These baboo the portant Het my readers who we mattintot by the larges display will e le parole to glokt aa book which b coordered doney Important to be deployed on it on Stral troogte, bolding twee to tweary books designed dirber alle models they are sometimes built into the table or oa tarde, of wil grated to beary parpones. Sorteo.comted by tople pouces they dar content totoo nd, if the maten xe we chosen md the mbret topacal or popalar the books will Doe lang truota in the trough and will need freqport replacem macht. Where special fucicure ac eratable or were there to po space for special fittings Lt is pomible to ut doluted shetre (the middle of the fron shero) to display a bandful of books tupported by a moore which caber ends on the shelf or torms part of the shelme, or to dear a complete ta od prepare 1 store ciborute desply szported by large posters, models, etc. Il cascotare butter and long note for machibaut on Gibbong. pdgets for a dispuy on how to do le round tacan quite often be borrowed froce Darby shops propieting reknowledge Det hy onde of the source of the objects were costy Hemseck med they can be covered by short-term warmce. If this kind of doplay co be done w forth doong unot, and if the roots would sparimateurs, to beckft donc If deploys are oo be catre they seed coprit mention. Do atracow book would be allowed to try orto bera for very look od so dosplay should berotot tran temporarily empty this place that there boedd ar be on bardisolrocne of redtube madlady to replace what he beca tokea by roaden Thet Donc poor that is toch pocial station. Kode Datober of the pobix will be to bike boob from a dopisy believing that the roles et per test for hypecoca caly Thor proctone booled be repared by fixtog tomat Pecuncat 19 ·THZ LIBRARY prots, and any other non-book material wherever it is роpriate. In the same way whatever the department in which the display u actinally put, material from other departements should always be included wherever It has a defimte berong on the tubject illustrated The dosplay of book-facket is still one of the most popular forms of publiamg recent addidons to a library but the popt Lanty as manly restricted to the members of the staff me, ปข the boola themselva arc actualy available when sked for the readers fund nich doplays more imtahng than helpful. Drauss pockets, bemg designed to sell the books, arc decorative, effettone and readily lead tbemselves to attractive arrangement. It is suggested however that they should be changed soon as the boobs they represent have been uued, wless it us reasonably certain that other copies will be available within a few days to meet the demand their display has acatech Displayı need not be restricted to the library toxif they can be placed on the street front where they will attract actr readers, er they can be placed at vantage porno chewhere in the town. Some libraries make use of the windows of the showrooms of local public anlocs, or fix a glass-case or duplay-board in the man catrance ball of the town hall, of even borrow space m the box windom of thc local department-wore The possibilities are enda les providing the displays are frequente cuanged and do not lose there interal A study of the methods of rsperienced advertisers will show m this connection that very frequent change is usually necessary and even a short time spent watching the publks reaction to displays in shop windows will demonstrate chat a high Handard of tangencat, lighting, cae, necessary to attraa the attention of the somewhat sophisticated tastes of today In the library itself duplays of books are very often difficult to organuse cffccovely since the stock of a busy library soon loss its not appearance and its cyploitation must rely mataly on nonces with a strong appeal. It ts posable to uulze 1 certam number of permanent onc book displays for small acestuch us the blind code of booksaciosoith tulles such ** IN THE ·CUIDI TO THE CLASSIFICATION relating to the lockey vodoubtedly who mercato boobs mod periodicab ontowo pluonny if a good selection of wodom Het bredt i allbuted dox by e abbetion of local mtquedes may wil maken interest in bal history Soch dosplita to promote a more petrament boteres, ere best supported by the hree of booklists, artalogues, or bittographies on the subyecto od the preparation mod prodoctica mi be discussed later The introduction of displays sbordd not lightly be tempted. coct mdertaken, display shodd be matatatoed didely regth ludy od cfcindy No paties should be served to keep them alive ta ther approached of a high standards thet profaction Whatever there is a choice of books wird an be shown those which bare the best pronong and formaat sbordd always be lected. Poor work md bad book-selection should not be taker med. too many libenes bare displays wbace lmgombe appeal oumg to be focot plooming and subsequent neglect. m thickr Guide to the Classification WHATEVER fora of dificado b ned m the library it Deeds a nounber of guides to its use if the reader is to gum the fall benefit from io system. Alhoogte a good library cost fication is logical and planned to sunt the readers requirements, a b by no meros explanatory ood, wloss the reader to xoganted with the proaplos on which is constructed, beo Ekely to overlook books which may be of great mterek to hom. This dhe Andent of culture, who a member of a bhruary dowfied by the Dewey Dermal cinefication, may make use of the tedendal rotams in the 60 secona for a considerable stone witboot realize that the economk spects of bus subject xe la the baadbook to the library (wbou prodaction md coatena et documed ca poate 30) chapter told certumly be devoted to the confcrcndenc odio elasticion, the plan of the library abood metade dot only the names of the main subjects but abo theu doafication members. The lettereg or potices abort betred 33 21 ·TILL LIBRARY notice to all display fitting aying that readers are welcome to take any book shown thetc. One of the most popular of all displays if done web that ahlbidng books "recommended by the staff" This bodestandable for there are many more readers who would like the help of the staff than those who actually uk for it. One of the great pomo of appeal of ruch a dosplay is 18 miscellaneous nature like dopplog into a bran tub, the reader os never cartom what he is likely to get, but he feels that he has the chance of der covering something very good. For ride a doplay to be permane ently successful bowcret It is essential that the staff and every one of them should contribute to it frequently should only put in it what has proved of exceptional interest to the selves. Thos, instead of making it a schide for the puhing of mmor and neglected darsia, ctar, they should put on it che light c# as well us the most serious, the newest u well u tac rocher aged, of the stock in the library.the only qualificadou should bechat whatever volume o put there is capable ofberg defended by at lcast onc member of the staff as something worth attention A special feature of some libraries s the wholesale removal of favorite types of boobs such w someos, wild west stone, detective and thriller tale, from the main sequence and sheltog them separately at convenient points. This policy o vehemcally opposed by many libranims who condder that it by pandering to the lowest tastes of the public Be that as it may the tortug-out of popular form of books is a definite Krvice to the bury stader who has only ten minutes or so between buses or on the way to work in which to choose a book. The mup point, if socha sykem u adopted, as to me that only auch books os fit the genre ue displayed, and that displays of this kind are not wed a means of palming off wpopular works. The reader who finds that by using a dosplay he has chosen a book which does not suit his talo will naturally be wary of trustng to it a second time It is sometimes posable to emulate of Icyire microut in subfect by somewhat elaborate dosplays of matemal other than books Thus, the display of a model of the new town plannmg scheme 20 ·rady sed. Guides to the Catalogues THE modema Hibrary atalogue, bateta its formando shef or pooted bookespecially in the larger libeda, a farroadable for in appearance and would certainly by itself, be lo se needs conderable aplinton in a bele oad palatable form, and to the anitance of the Readers Adrser WHITE porable. A dapter of the handbook to the library (see passe 32) bould be devoted to its explanation, and my general wabon Horatio which idade explosions of the be of aulogues would be added to the cock of all adult department Each coulogue abould be surmotted by a short guide to one, mod should include the followme etos: malmtion of the method of finding a book by its thor object of tale, (m) asplenance of the main roles of alphabeuntion on 156 m Hot particular library (onfortmately the sales of alpha betration mit rury very much cren wolon individual countries, so that it is powble for a reader who owed to coe system to mais em ben maltog be of a catalogue a mdar constructed under a defertat et of rode), (m) aflation of the method of fotong a book on the Lietre The goode shoot abo be repeated on pamphlet form and this tibere n bberally as porabls, a les to all new members. In addoncs, lettern on the exc of the analogous sbould be pirmo schools and in the coldreas od temette at adolecent departments (ver para la od ), dose from local schools should be escoged to make occasional Thats to the reference library to foster fandong books with the ad of the catalogue and the defension, and coaspetions and practical work wah the catalogous aboald be a reguin fexture of contine in the departorno xtrung caldera od dalexent The contents of the catalogue derwen at the bof bolders 23 ·TUŁ LIDIIY of chur the bookcases thould include the dosificapon numbers and so should the mdryidual ter and shelf genda The Readers Advket (see page 54) should have a complete copy of the dassification scheme, and two or three copios under to the danification should be displayed promancauy where the readers will make use of them. Where the catalogue in use has a desafic subject section, there will also be dhe adiacaal ad of an mdex to the subjects represented by ente in that catalogue In addition, shortet alphabetical lists of the hundred or fire biodred or onc thousand most popular subjects (based oorector inues of books to readers) shond be prepared in pamphlet forum for distribution on a liberal scale to reader When Det readers join the library the Readers Adviser should furnish them with a lot of the relevant clasafication numbers for mobjects in which they are most mterested. It bs noticeable that nowadays many readers memonizc thc Demcy dassificanon numbers of their own subjects and look for them on cvery library they visat. Whenever booklists, library bull.com, bibliographia or any other form of publiaty arc issuedal books mendoned should be accompanied by the clasuficioon numbers. In addiaon, any popular introductions to public libraries, such Lionel R. McColums Hou to Find Out and H to Use Booly (London, Cambridge Univeruty Press, 1947) or William Bagley Facts and How w Ford Three (sth dona London, Prtman, 1954) should be mcluded liberally m the lendog and reference stock In spite of this, many readen all remain entirely dependent on the staff for aid and they must be encouraged by a vrtations in pouce forma to of the staff for help at all time. In the culdrens and facrinedute or adolescent departments it is posuble to educate the neer gencrations as they grow up by means of lectures competitions, practical library workm-especially whelmp and purting boola in order and handbooks (see pages da 20d 88) so that in the Acar future we may look foraard to a nellboformed public amprating and capable of maling good use of a bigh standard of clasificacion in the libraries which it uses ·1 I CUDIS TO IN CATALOGUE the hauny a boldings Por procecally cuy book to the Library that ke kent boc card in the Carlos, ad totally there we sererd. The matin cand i Redmder the raboss last name to toe ases, the arbor of a book my bromully be mistration Ameocm More of Natural History, a breach of a gosto met (US. Goological Surrogh Of Booke other trapersonal ACT Ordozrly there is also in the Catelor ulert one malfacol for a pre book, filed mode the oppropriate decipare object of the book 1 coachts, our times there I Keral such card The subject in typed o red at the top of the card. A tard bad of abilog and for a stroa book battle arh whách's sont made only for directive des. Por example, you mry expect to fade ockcard for the folkbone of captador bat not for A kathoot of modern comic The Cod Culog will chercfort proride the answers to them que dont (1) What boot doa de Liberry bore by a particular fotbox? (3) What boot does the Library birt rdecong to a parcular object? (1) Doa dhe Library have a book wrich a perdidla odle? The cards to the aby proride a pes del of addoxonal beformation. He al nomber the actors for nume md be text of the tale pages followed by the flur of publication, bine of pabbiber die wed from soch other data a che perber of portal, Dorot of Mostrations, bublogruptact Learning a few of the catalog filing pretkes will greatly facute you want for megterlebt. For example, no borr tory wah Ala, ko ar me shed a doosh spelled ba. Noob at flet stbongle poled out on tul Al Sling doo roads initial roda, 1 An od The bay leaguet.

·TH. LIBRARY should be well gunded both withra and without. Each draketa shcaf holder should be dealy labelled with contain, for campic BOR-BOX ALLEN-ARMOR تووه and the content should be fully guded with dat and tabdrron gudos showmg the numifications of each subcat o groups of subjeca u a glancs, and giving references to related subjects in other parts of the clasafiadon scheme. Symbokie bowever, are not idenstood by the great majority of childrens and the guide should therefore be by name BLYTON_BORROW It b a good plan to mtroduce neto readers to the sections in the catalogac contaiang entries on the subjects in wuch they are miterested, and to advise them to inspect these sections regularly for new additions. This procedure can be udoded in the Readers Adviet s general introduction to the library (see page $5) Such readers will often follow up references to odher subjects if they find that the canalogue repays careful study Many of the universty librand in the United States nosac cach year a puted glade for the use of newcomers. One of the Love list of these is Sodeals and libraries which is published by the University of Kansas The 1959 edition, obtainable from the Director of Libraries, Unrerity of Kansas, Lawrence Konsis, Indudes the followmg gode to the catalog it 1 supported by dugrams of printed catalog cards, in which suche items as call mumber author aile etc., ac indicated by red pointers THE CARD CATALOG The roain Card Catalog is a long sena of alphabetized ards which courttuto in a broad sense a detailed Inder to મ ·Part II PUBLICATIONS

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·YUCATOX culegos ortadiof British ad Agencm polistes, a care Et absal fatti coloro de ASID Art La ac Talaud But Roko Coctod od Cleacons For Ik Datas Bar Foto Head Ficky dhe I w Wobca Company Four Cedky the best idea of Gabines Parka's Mas, Kelas Reaks Diges, the line Drama Legoes Almas Litomy od to complements, Gardoes s Scruetan Frosch Glo Fly, the son of berry boogapocal dicticogoes by Komad Hyat, od the recout dirasa Es of the more important for bags ad of the beats of each bertadors as the London School of Economic, the Royal be of British Ardhetorts, od dhe mal acous bands of the Uarreray of London Liberty LE por Dls, the boat Tolera of the box ods of the Borish Motrasbould be provided. muy enquiries onde concen bo white boas prechod co spero te bjets, d die Beresa Aloka dea bala boproudly hatefol doce o fio chet ott Datory for abbordones well o boxe ba the Englab barage becomesos, de subcat ladores fodd by the London Library or of the greatest hdp dalam wahquoda -cockrical tablet Someschtas De Buolo not of great xmICE madog boobs by sbor as by sbaret) wachama wasily be found thorbere, and the later muc of the Reference Cadege which boss all boobs presta decimas the date of boat an ceathal petofa Raden Adrbeas coloca No baliopomby bortra of die Bypers boolt be down my i moty Bot wat place a de Raden Asses dok, toko arteady month lapas BTT Koch, for my aarde to boob lang Langote od de dile libbon bon est beauty in record of that pobicoon I bredd sbo be considered wheba spot be tocad for a collaan of people biblogmęba sod in jartz to build soy saperto add aperta cable for all the tich contation de Dort cody bola te to the easy at dat ·Publications HERB are a pomber of indispensable reactice word welche departments of the library bave conflictig dums on most of them, but if the Readen Adrer is not to be hampered os los work, it bessential that they abonld be by his dak. If every ame the Radars Adviser has to consulta standard reference book, he has to refer to the Reference Library or to the Catalogong Department, much time os Watted and there will be a cartim natural heritation in calling too much on the help of other staff The more bibliographies, both general and spedalized, which the Adviser las immediately available, the more efficent his work will be. The Readers Adviser should be able to answer any question concerning the published material in the English language board during the last ten years. Thus crail ba baring a complecset of dhe British National Bibliography and teo-year filos and current nues of both Whitakers wortulative Book Liu and the H. W Wilson Company • Cumpuldire Book Inder-induding the como ladve volume of both. The Cumulative Book Inder o esenta! once it is especally thorough or fodeung American and British Commonwealth publicznous not only by author and ude beat also by subject, the single sequence of atria coablog books to be Identified without delay Many requeso concam noo-commeraal publicados, aproally those woud by government departenent, public corporat don and international menda. The Adnxs should be provided with a teo-year file and current monthly sa of the calogues of H.M.S.O., and should also have indexes to the publications of the U.S. Government and to the document istued by the United Nadons Organizadoo and its egenaes if the work of the tadsvidual library wytrings ther provision In addition to these the Adriet should have a band the ·TOILICATIOXS Avocations to Seya Lalo u ponts with gourtaly supplaukto) od obe Asocom Ros Cole u Pork Lead the bar il COTT Box of the on wakhe, marbla od qurtarties for secucal per odicab bere Scared Today butas nad the Egretty kia, the brancoding summana, and hurat an bila obous for politoed, sociokal od metal za to pobibe to zbe Alis berusia Soria a weetly complungbada which corers coach seiner bacal cd son-commcmoral poreikt dont mormal which #wodd be Esck to note de bare for bare balcoteral in boch boob od peradicals there the ancellent Buy betor the Eury and Grand Lannot baer aho tododel Buel che abgece before 1945 balso, there at JT Foshand modes of mireul ca Agent, Art Pbluegrapher Education, Lar Medicine, eta which or of frenteralne of the Hibers concomed ho a onths representare collection of popoctials on these bjeca Sereal of the fortement depot od menca! bodies stereoal boos of content permodal abdos os tber bol. Douable secot dex at the Mastery of Warks, the LIST (Hakk od de Vissed Amo Litzy Norstood de bredere bibliographers of opeos sobjects certainly boch book od porodos roderdacorpoed by the House of Corrc Litoryod the legale Rearme Sortices of Le Lety of Copened the Australia Nunal Library o Caban be oreloated these condo fora part of the peopphla bibligrupido coccoon tartbesta categoed sopeutety od To storsportsy bandone so that they to be credit car loga bitbogato op de xicotyle For de da pescacs the Atina lored to bare sau to be o de colors of the Boosh Missxton to de ankmo Eray of Coppas nd the Biblioteque hortale, ad to the cal 6.360gable of the Dort Laparamach ·PUBLICATIONS horage cabinet of bora and the space involved. A collection of pamphlet bibliographia ca indade anything which gives ate informagon on publications on a subject of a fire tous, a boobelets or an auctioneers catalogue of valuablc orando logical words of the aghtecath century, a supplement of the School Library Rarkers containing a loss of books on birds, and the Samace library s bibliography on the Flight of Birds, would com utitute a good beguhang for a section on the subject. Many book sellers suc cxcellent mbject-aclogues which are infortul bibliographies, and with the bibliographies sued by the National Boot League, chc Bnash Council etiam a valuable workog tool co be built up a very little cost. A glance at Mr P Seymour Smith & notable Pumpakt Bibliograpkles sued by the Navonal Book League 1948 will shop what can be achicted to the way of effectively constructing and indenng such a collector Those librand which can afford to provide the Readers Adviset with the more substantial published bibliographies m addition, will this arm him with his best means of strong rcaders. This applies creen more to wall than to large librane for where the boobs themsetres are not available the reader is at least given constructive help by the knowledge of what has setu ally been issued on the subject in which he is interested Hate the published analogues of speaal Lbranes--more particularly those of the Royal Lostitute of British Architects, the National Umon of Teachers, the Music Department of Liverpool Public Libraries Dr Willums : Library etcmod dhe London Bibliography of the Sortal Sciences can be of the greatest STVICE since then bugt standards of book selecuon guide the reader to the worth-ntale inattal An Important branch of the Advoset s printed aldo u the great range of indexes of periodical literature. Though moont of ibon are American thar we us justified in Bntain for the majority of the periodicals thoy loda are to be found, if not in the average public Library at least in the appropriate special and government libranes, and some like the Eustacering Jwer-huit an internoon) coverage for general periodicals the Dntish Library 30 ·TU LU up oor Q Papouco offer to oben boobs Act on se stest by roarbon weddintalapa.ac 0) : bod womery of the roos of the Liborsamly from te post of her of xhst nar be dock ather than what bfärbeddened apocaly how to become a member mamp of the Emoct, iborne de pottpod of every Ebay nedenice point, (1) abadbray of the liberty yeso, (1) a beef xons of stock wid as pataról aber dan dial de of my attenta muride lectures, course, concora, eta decade of any ocher publicznom muitabile, atuh pexes, mrbuon to uk the staff for help konodarna so she local cokeko ad locul Wory from () to indarting poles) of copying and reproduction (1) Ariabltiny of moderations ood decoon teada, mida ocher spenal coopex fort on the table for the estamabao of maps, boting room for genopbane u borerarby readers tideta batidos factica, coc Lorn.co records, etc.) Thuc lasebook bordd be de onoperare effort of the whole off a skdecoratie doald fas be prepared by the Radens Adrbey and copia sbood chce be created to prebes of the of what to come freely The tondang atau who mad osaam bould be ablated, descord a te torne af od boxported to recordance with that exetty decisan. The focul draf storld be drcolted to members of the Library Cooneritet wach the Agends for *FTURI X Comet I Do antog od that the ext. The mean to be alooded method of prepara bostbook, but must be remembered that it will be used by people would rey not attade ededirds of widtgact JI ·PUBLICATIOXS To are the many enquines concernmg that persodicals are available on speafic subjects it is necessary to have op-to-dat copies of the Newspagner Arses Directory and iTTikings Press Colle (and its quartaly supplement) for Brroosh, and Ayers for American periodicals, while Ulnch prondo the best select List of English language and foreign periodicals stooped together by subject Finally, no Readers Adrzet s desk should lxk COFT of Whiakers Almanak, the Concise Orford Dictionary Is it the Charabenss or Websters Blyraphical Drationery in up-to-date atlas and gazetteer and thc Oxford Companions to English, French and American Literature together with a copy of the classification m se ho library and Di A.) Welford's new guide to reference books. The Library Handbook No library service 3 complete without is handbook details of torotomces and services and the way to make the fullest use of them. The production of a handbook cotails mocha cart in 16 preparation and conuderable expense on its prunong of it o comprchcagre. Nevertheless a volunteen handbook care fully dostributed will prove of great use to seriots readers and aid many who would hesitate to ak for persooal help. The pomo to be covered in the handbook are MY (s) addresses phone pombers, boun of opening and danes of all departacao and branches of the library serier: (b) a back but micrestmg desaption of the resources of the library system and thete dostoa betireen the differcot departments, branches and special collections (1) an axplanation of the syurta of draficabon in line () an explanation, with comples, of how to use the catlogues, (e) in explanation of how to find a book on the shelves Ő a description of the library sem in detail, deparoncat by departmal with plens of the pricipal rooms 32 ·to con DILMINS AND TOOTUSTI (1) a box of the bibencies with the address, bours of opetung ad elephoor bomber Daces of tay cheeges in the library static Oy tunica actrita och ledang, atom, concora, dr. (1) doctore (where no seperate children s balletin bo hrund, () Tracker Turots fsctities offered by the bbrey (re Dewba by telephoac, obowing of boots from other libranes, holiday facilitics, etc.) (6) Mostrador foch a outstanding latest from books Loved b dhe current tomber, portraits of local prople, Thastrations of local scenes, etc bor odio.coal matte-specally special ordonbould not be allowed to oreribadon dhe booklists to such that the reader will be bodaed to ondook de bacter. Some libens prefer to Dot spedal bookdina deroved to Inelarichalogeen oproeps of related objects bistead of rapalu betters of recent additions, and othco or them i dtiron to a boutils bulletin. The booklet og i special sobrea bouchaffer eat oppal fonder of the bolletto-almos crayonc will take bonne a copy of obe bullets in the hope touty contain note of cox or two books wada ml teret bom. In the way arcaderb ofta botrodored to sabjort how to buo amply by a bem acolod a buen On the other hand, .bootlot bhe to gre for more detailed mention to engle subject, o to the mam baking of the bborny that feedd ac furty showa Is hun ubo the adresse share the booklis nl probably teach the hared pumber of people who ut med m the object, stort Cow people who se box 1 bocker to perwy a copy Date ocher band, of bole e Dot mod postaps only one bookline muy be brood during the course of any one year which will Epalco andindultak so than the regular impact of the bulletin bost The Walrats to be cube to mpe both batetima bod bootlo, a to combos tim both end bone bookline $$ ·PUBLICANONI the more advance entram, therefore which can be obabed and met, the better chance the handbook has of being truly cffective. Handbooks for the use of the Jumor Interracdiatc, and other departments should also be prepared wherever powble The approach of these should be modified to put there particular sudictices While theoretically, it would be more cconomical and coffen act to produce such a handbook co-operatirely on a astrol bars, in actual practice it could not take the place of the probably mfenor bat focal product which gives duc etaphasis to local considerations and interests and has much the same advantage of the local over the national nervopaper even in things quite outside # scope. Bullonins and Booklists even when it o almost empty w overwhelming to the reader who may spend only ten or twenty minutes in it on cache vat. The opportunity nhich a lot grues to a reader of studying its contents at his loure at home on invaluable service. Erta il the library wsues only a duplicated list of books without any ciplanation of the contents, it has made a comaderable advance on the Ibrary which istues nothing a point amply demonstrated when the early county ubrania inued the first analogues The most anal and the most useful form of bookluc is the bulletin, issued regularly on wluch the library reports its recent addspons and adds notes and news of developmeu m its service. Ballcuns vary from ample folders to que longe magazines, ther purpose by the one to keep the reader m touch with the bext of the worlds boots as they appeas To this end koore librane ndode arodes by spearlso on special subjects means of mtroducmg their readers to the standard work on the subiect, or to now work in the same field. Other features often induded ut butt ·Iniitu LXD BOOKU $} a list of the lata with that allora, hown of opening attolapas unters to our dingo abelhas TXO, moet my are curte rocha lectura abbricas, ACATIS AL () (wbert WO HTX chillas bailea b 1 ܬ 6) renteder of roxo bacities offered by the rury (new amb by rebare, obrany of brela freon na betes, batidy botins, etc.) () Harman-racks santung Therman from books Iced in de contar number, porun of local people, Ons of localno, handlincoal mmart-Tour growl audio borbi ac dc allowed to crashadser the booklon so machtha da rader will bebetond to overlook delete Sooc liberum pedla to moc read booktra devoted to baudestaal obxect or grogy of remedbero prodefregalo balcons of the laten machem do to smoothly baletom. The latest on a qualche baada Streal from date of the balcolmost terror will take boost a copy of beleponder bege ADULT o men of ancor two brota wacanli mrcrot bien la commit at la ofen Kredard ro a tobject get to be wrapt br bags senioned to the ballca Onchenta bood a hoothu aalle to pre Ex pre detrkod Etetton to a wote patys that he mon boltings of the threr in the cell me fute choro. h ho asa che strange has the boxkke mi rrotulit rach the bet pamber of people bo ve stered on the bjes, f*thole wo seu l bocht toate acopy. On tbt other tool, I beltan at not boxed rabun caly cor booklis PT be bord dunes the car of us y bond mal to an atmadal reader to the the regula mpact of the lietailore The dotters to be echt romak bach bellator Atbacken or to coobee them back oder bootho ·PUBLICATIONS the mort advance antiosms, therefore, wuch can be obtained and met, the better chance the handbook has of benz truly cffcctive. Handbooks for the use of the Junior Intermediate, and other departments should also be prepared wherever possible The approach of these should be modified to sunt thetr particulu audicuccs. While theoredcally it would be more cconomical and con amt to produce soch a handbook co-operatively on a national basis, In actual practice it could not take the place of the probably infonor but local product which gives duc emphaus to local connderadons and interest and has mochi the one advantage as the local over the national newspaper even m chlogs quite outade its scope. Bulletins and Booklists THE "HE smallest of booklists us of help to readers, for a library Coco when it is almost empty operohelnmg to the reader who may spend only can or takenty muputa n it on each viat. The opportunity wtuch a lost gives to a reader of studyog Its contents at his letsure at home o an invaluable service. Even if the library isues only a duplicated lot of books without my planation of their contra, it has made a condderablc advance on the library which isues nothmg a point amply demonstrated when the carly county librano asaed the first catalogues The most usual and the most useful form of bootitst is the balletto issued regularly in which the library reports in recent addiuons and adds nores and news of developments in to service Balloons vary from simple folders to quare lange magazioes, but theu purpose is the name to keep the reader m touch tch the best of the worlds books us they appear To thu cod som libraries include artides by speaalists on speaal mbjetos a a moms of mntroducing thar readers to the studerd works on the subject, or to get works in the same field. Other feature often laduded are 34 ·CATALOOOD MILIOOLIYOJ ITC production details bib are documed in a lite drepte (te Sococ years before he was the poeskitty of Soutog book od balletta con cooperture bane's we discussed to be put baro afect. It was for match quite abound that on roca Occutons si Coronto socorse fire or at hoded are should each out a book tires, most of them contatting mach the CD muall but with a very muchos lend of procarbon and Appearance who by co-opeattire effort of a total bis, . booths of high standard and be perdor quality of prodochoa od appeal.could be produced more cheaply The Apociation of Antent Libramos por amoathly smooted bulletin of the bex books of tbe mooth, codec County Libraries Section of the Library Amation pubbuted a collet mees of sbort book how on tulos object Soice the wor both the Litory Asoch od to County Libauctos Secron bare psued subject lost of ulagh quality of prodoction and book relepon, md the publics reaction to the hos bem rey cowging Neretbde, there will still be room and need for the mit vidol booklet produced locally for mary mujeros od ober spects have a purely local orteret a demand which be more was in our repon this in morbor. But then toch bet sboald, wherever pobl be produced co-operatives with the rative parlorpatron of halmacited bodien dot col besar, bac chamber of commerce, muken, dendual mufacturers od ory odha wo from what help om *lingly be chcited and it shold be resembered tours teoogte och dannes dat Doo-ronders say otruxdy be reached by arcul desseribadion of these publications Catalogues, Bibliographies and other Printed Matter FROM me to the most bebendo find thecodia to the point Hoe ohin bere something rather blant ambitious dem a bulletin osa bookles. The day when almost frezy libouy m diged, because of the indication trion of inve, to publish a ·PUBLICATIONS part of the bulletin. In any case, a booklist is moraluable to esta the regular reader mce it dans to bus attention boobs whicken ather because they are popular or because they are on TEXTTT Hoch, never appear on the shelves With boch booklists and bullets it necessary to detamme m advance two important questions. First of all, whether they khould be comprehcoare or selective. There are definite adrzan tages to be gained from the comprchengre booklist or brollen ance these act m fact » utiliary catalogues, parting mio the readet s bands a full sirvey of a section of the library : resources On the other hand, the listing of all the material added to a library dunong a particular period or on a particular subject usually involves so many mo for idrodnal items that ne u pot possible to give more than a brief entry for each, a thout the annotanion which would distinguish one book from anoder with a amilar name. The selective list of bullcon has the menu of beng able to devore far more space to each item and therefore lo give the reader some xdea of 16 so that he can decide whether this book really sma ho needs. On the other bund, there is the do advantage that the selecure list concentrates all the demand ca a lunited Aumber of item, a danand which us anafidial to a certam catent smart many readers might be content to have other to on the same subject. There B a distinct case for providog. If pose able both the selecure and comprehemuurve forms since cach appeal to a different abdicace, just as some raila'sy users werd only a Icaflet while others buy a full-scale pimetable cach mooth It to also necessary to consider madrance the arrangement of the booklists and bullctms to be good most libraries develop a form of arrangement of content whach satts their readers and then keep to that system acept on peaal occaupos. A fer libraria deliberately aspernent Anth danges to atingement (especially where items are grouped in loose subject formo) in order to interest readers nety mbjects. Whatever policy to adopted the plan should be thought out in advance once It wil bare some bearing on the space available for annotadon, et, und also on questions of layout, pitaong cow and osker ·ANOTATIONS The book page be returned multa foartean dags of the date of base de tocad." o "you moh to keep this book beyond des Doodl period, please apply for a roun.As Ext s possible, segons se beat arabied. thes, kead of Do Do Refore the book in preable to say "Please take care of this book" la declarat k beter to ore te second cater than the diled perron cho Boola which are already on loan cry be rotarred am be phrased more effectirety - you may KOKOTT Kry book which is In fact, the more informal mod belpfad the marting the more che readers likely to read and take Kote oft Mladbenstop fornus te crea Doradays after aonded with two peot boxha fety ew readers bother to read a leaf cto be akan bers from abc book of the comport companies who pobar only coastal foceruttico a ter oder and refer their an towers to the protad tegalarota chibuted docubert. be the one is the by laws ad trgobations of the bary peed not be peatoed na the myk of de wool cum of prent er Hbited at the entire to public parke Well set out tod priated they will no longer ner the propon received by the reader o be caters the Isbrary The thongtafed reader realizes the secondary for rules By public Kmce od will oftea plovigla choopb RECTA nach of the folos abambelp boost Every book, reada , acker od Dodice bed by bhary should be a grxon to the reada to o fomba hepmd information Sanotations Eeve best to book is of comcderable and to readers duces poblabes, ka, terabes droga od hostess etc. Data that wersem renders Ito de Dedodibod 10th descripca od creation of the boot--the list betono maloble. The wait of Honowo ray baya utk bartly ·PUSLICATIONS printed catalogue and frequent supplements have long percd and although Glasgow and Bristol continue to igue a setos of splendid atalogues, and the London Library sauthor and object catalogues arc will appearing fer librage appear willing to follow Westminster i rccent escample in severting to the printed form. There have however been many exampla of qurte detailed catalogues of local collections, notably those of Bimmglama med Gloucester and since the war several comty libranes bare produced less bulky but yet able cataloguos of material related to their region. In addition, there is a growing noortment on the part of libraries to produce scholarly bibliographies of local worthies, tuch as Sheffield 1 on Robert Owen. Even the smallest library is occasionally called upon to compilc comprehensive bibliographies of special subjects Vanous Axpects of local history form the basis for many of these while special subjects of topical miercu--stach as a royal wedding, a general election, or other cuents of national importance-catc special demands for comprehensive treatment. The detailed bibliographies nsured by the National Book League are invaluable to libraries, and most of them become insatucional members of the League and nuke its publications available to their readers These with the bibliographics issued by other important public bodics, form both excellent source material and good models for a library s own efforu and are well worth careful study Every piece of printed material issued by a library should be a worthy ambassador of the setuICC available to readers Overde and reserve notices should be well printed, and should bear soch items as telephone numbers hours of opening 200 my other information which is of definute help to seadets Bookplates should be attractively designed and should be worded umformally and helpfully as possible There are two ways of wording the summary of rules and facilides which appear on most bookplast one is to cooch everything in a negative fashion, detuling what a reader cannot or most to do. The more palatable with and one which will tually cliat a very much better response bo to tell the reader what he way do. Thus one an cither 31 ·ANNOTATOR) 1 h 1 coor be poded but she Helfer to ocasion ma rayox impredea of the book troca da girea by Croydon mod Norwd. Another bookable caracterbok ba thout Croydon prefers to quote from the forewood, where he other two libeda gre try mac bocfer rotacions which descobe the parpone of the book in a more peccal team libertat no tiro libermans will agree caterdy on what die mit der of my particulat book houd compras, but their om in all cac bo to give the reader 1 dear sad mbued bes of the obe mod purpose of the book, so the degree of soccer which the ambas as currat i his task at the pipe tine Dot Decory to coopbar be obnors the muchors qualifica boos for miting the book ant of Interex, but the very Eact dat the book appears in the libery shotsbooll be rectant infiction that the rochers addendah were bromed by the scalf before to book was recommended for purchase. Again, die mocion pod pol preproxe o forradica decaty codzined to be the The recommanded out of duty worto for a moradico boractors atendemowol, whereas the malotron should be just to much as will dexribe the book adeguardy whaber Ankes there or thirty words for part) to doxa Racha whoold the motor suzne that the addition of the book to the libatry's stock germitees it to be a worthwhile contribation to the object, and that cverything to be done to Dorst mombers of the brary to read To ti ood, bc booldarefully counder (a) the specific requirement and free of ready a the Ubach may be theredero december 1 Ayle of mdotada very diferent from the mainable for brey ken a few miles awry 0) amet eros od laceresu wach bare sny counction with the backor a pobjednatter of the book. Thos a book on apual puashncent would be desdibed of stered in connection with the recred wompo to uboth the located in Greet Potams 41 ·PUBLICATIONS not an easy task to undertake and it is one which derassetates a wide knowledge of boots od hfc and mcconomical style. An annotation, If it is to be a fost descripton of the book, reqmro detailed study of the contents of the volume from the foot of View of possible readers cannot be abfactorily constrated from a publisher's blurb or even from a good rettet mecoded for a different audience (although these are the sources of too many 10-called annotations) Occasionally a quotabon from 3 ITTIEW will help to explam an obscure ale or to reveal the attboritom wrial treatment of a mubject, but usually the amotapon must be specally waitian to suit the marridual aceds of the localay on which the library o atuate. The ideas of different amnocarors on the practice of cher wock vary very conuderably s os shown in the following three crampla (from different publicadous) of examples of unnotation of John Fischers The Scored Aiar to the role (Hamish Hamilton, 1947 101. od.) "The author stact 1933 has tudied Ripuan history and power relationslups. For tho months to 1940, hc bras a member of a mission to Roma. He here examines the workmg of the Soviet system and attctapts to etmate how that system is likely to behave under the pressure of a new and still ustable balance of power -Foreword Croydon Public Librane Reader Index od Guide, October-December 1947 p. 79. An attempt to explam the motres bchmd present Risto fordgn policy Based on a study of Rikuan bastory made during the law fornteen yen" Normda Pablic Libraries Readers Guide, October December 1947 p 1st Author records has unpreigons and obserrations of a smut to che Ukraine in the spring of last year together *ith his news of the motives of Soviet policy at che present day Halifax Public Librao The Halifax Reader October 1947 p 27 ·XXOTATIONS ke atach Foreign leg. Accion) eta bould be there Basstrations mod tables should be soonede dhe pratical word to the reada without want to the laboratory or the warthog Art: Book out rely od Ilustrations for ch of this cffret, and the proces by which the Hestra e reproduce od det of colou-apocally worth posing. Ofta i nate de posicoloy mod school of the most o Decorary Lake Clasdal mocks need the image wid they uc written, the period treated the presence of boxes and ideal apparel as the pareceler text most. Nota ca the box 3. bis relation to che literary derclapart of his country or especially insportat on the case of foreign and more paracally contemporary) works History Historial makes may possess BRIC groul viewport arthey may relate to some, first, omdeurified pepad. Frodifal udo opodely aced explotion Special appendices, charcot oper and geocalogues ay mert XXL. PreToo haowledge Dende for stographical mod bibendaal actores dould be fute Moderna editions of andırd card works aseturs Lck dic cogonal tops or losstration fact which no temportant to Dos y modification or abndgruent of the text. The mbanice of modes in the case of all know wicks chald aroga be poud Tooke one bot the barest Dotes on the monoton of spooral dwn of boobs to which may experienced catalogourt will add HOT DONC from bis om expecoce. The only gounde ta cames of doobe must be the true teres af raden Notices IN patite of the many internet to prove the standard of Locom lezzet, mtary of thon alto told the form recicual beprowice they me e madhe point to remote The propose a note o to mforma deuts end with a bale from s pooble the box wry to bet tas bo to bare good presentation. As celles cample of good bodce dernier that comployed by the National Gallery where eros ac touctions ·PUBLICATIONS Annotation for the balleda and for the pruted or card om logues are not necessarily subxect to the same rules. In the bulletin It B permissible to make topical Hussons, serute m the source that they will be underhood by averyone, la inocitng for the more permanent cataloguos axh m sssurance numaranda and carc should be taken to write that can be just as cauty understood in sex years am ex months comic. The following points should be obsessed when amoting books in the various cases Philosophy and Psychology Classify philosophical works by schools of thought, and indicate that relation to prerion or contemporary theorista Psychological and psycho-inshytical works in paracular require this morniaan, ma diferents of opinion among the leading exponens of these subjects xt of the greatest mportance The degree of preliminary knowledge secded by the reader should be Race Religion The religious standpont of the author should be dearly stated, and the religion descussed should also be idenafied The type of reader addressed must also be shown. Sociology Boobs on poboa and maternational affurs rogoro che standpont of the author and perhaps hos political stundmg and period. Economic works must be differspaared mro grades of speculation, and theoncs mosquerdang as accepted propos must be umasked Legal works need classificaron mio test book, creatise and popular types Costume boobs should be Assessed at the true raloc from the posts of vich of the artista the amateur drear designer and the dramatic producer as well us from the standpoint of che hororum. ln education, u in all the boob m tho dass forrigo (such as American) tammt acrds to be noted Pulong Boobs on Imguages should short whether they are historical comparar conmugonal, or direct merbod Previou know ledge aceded should be gard, and other material reqwrede soch u readers or gramma, gramophone records pictures, etc should be indicated Some od Tacord Il orbr. Prezzou knortede meded mot ·ALHOTATIONS be noted Foraga (cs. Americm) weatset should be shorts. Ostration od table should be and the practical worth to the reader wabout more to the laboratory or be workshop Ast Doob a #troy a mostration form of the dret, and the process by which triados reproduced and the pace of cookie poodly worth noting. Ofres sote dhe oborry and school of the order is Dessert Lerre Chacal worto see the Logange to which they are "Wien, the period treated the presence of dotos and anal Puntos s well as the procola tento pot. Notes on the maker od bis reddon to the lateray derdlopment of the concry are opedaily mportate the one of foregn (nd more particularly obtcomporary) tracta shery Hinopel wat may possess some special viewpobt ardbory ry relate to sorte, & fire, conickotified period. Fraatfal bodo opernathy need aplında Spoonlappondes, dont eges mod stologro may mert Douce Previou bowledge media for mopaphalai hitinal conthonu terart. Hockem adiciom of tandard trand works somethod Luck the achyroad testips ski wbut is a toportot to Do * my bodimo or abrudgment of the text. The absence od sa uder in the case of all sestou muxts hoold shmays be Thox ve bag tot baret etti o dotata of special drms of books to which may spodenced catalogtect wit add mony Dort from boom expericace. The cały gwick Gues of doctorat be the true that ofranden. Notices Nous of the many attempo to tapere the standard of Lokbox toy of them fail to trold the Xirtool impreuna dey se so much potos to report The purpose of a dodice is to inform daty dh Sale fom in pontic, the bar way to achieve the is to hire good preco sa totook of prod bodice deoab chat toploped by the Nxponal Colay where to rock bojm domu ·PUBLICATIONS as DO NOT SMOKE are given a poutirely attracore at The pleasant effect which the Nagonal Gallery has sureeded in mtroducing is due to (1) good lettering (2) amplc but shifal lay-ont and the use of colour (3) frammg in attractive picture frame and moting them part of the general colour scheme (4) effective wording Eren modem aidsto lettering can reduce a nouct to hundrum appearance whan sed by umstilful or mimagaaate asistents. Stencils are often used without any reference to the grocral prinopla of good lay-out or to the current standards for the mixture of colours or typo formuMargms are often reduced out of all proportion to the type arta which they sharound more mually they are mbalanced m relation to the readong matter Sometimes insintable paper u used. Very often the crot of the corporadon or organization offered to every nobce without reference to los scability still more regularly the name of the organization sprawis 1950s the head of every notice obscung the importance of the actual fords describing the subject of the notice The ame considerations apply to the prated Dottes com mmarioned by librane. Ponted notices to librand we wally confined to by laws, regulanom, doties of lectura, CONKITOS, ahibraons, and directions to different department. Litle atten dion is pard to moch fugiare material and their general effect is uninviting In these days of mas sdrertwung who notices and adverore. mmas shout at the public from erery hoarding, the human che has become sccumomed to rgect automatically and won sciously most of the maesthcac itens Rhich meet its 6zze. Morcotet meffcctual nouces can spon the appearance of a library and give it the very poor-love aspect which has almox drappeared clsesbase. The aboqlary of black-and-astie nouces ·20BLICITY boosts type butoaded by the black friends beceda dostike to Holamad This is no plan for a produse the design of poores tacto would bare acqually bad affect. A Douce should simophy bene? daigned with good typs good coloarte good lopout, od Testire proudon, other to stul sppeal to adheritum acced the readers best benchecte This artis ta dose addoy of each poda, before it is abitantes, from the post of risk of the reades, and the refral to tolerate poor ca shoddy wack ac for proprie forting. Licus a dore, the reader wil indeed bare been helpot, for a welgraded hibrary with des coneix and Bexdy podce s prosted on such by abe Identy w bryte borded ristor to she library Publicity T 8 Horary as of nowe co the reader of the spawne of its cutter my would be reader for losos, poster wzhin e bundeed goods or so af hits Local public hibrary without bomo ob dere la tbc stot wy rodes who tre well twee of the bbery at din dot n all fambar woh bara waters, od there shot be cod mad poblisty ha as many door medan poeable co bong the library to the bodice of the many people as able to serve Soor borgo a so ottontacted try to taclofrequented parts of two or of booking it total cosce that notices recting todas to them at from the bookex potues od se repeated & crecy sage where there at to a more different Serkange. That this on Decesory em be dama from the fact that member of the most of more to comportant for De departure bore temas more of the extent of a tood Library In der or belog med bare appealed to the on for mfortation which was aboos Legally theta bow Landtaod, thac booll be protest noocos Concert ing the library and is poetes together with der Leuch mape a po central poter were they may be of one to ·POBLICATIONS AS DO NOT SMOKE are given a positively attractive et The pleasant effect which the Navonal Gallery has succeeded o mtroducing is due to (1) good letteringi (1) ample but shalful lay-out and the onse of colour (3) framng in attractive picture frames and making them part of the general colour schone (4) effective turdag. Even moden aids toletteng an redoce a nouce to burodrom *ppearance when bed by mikilful or imagmatve ussistent Stenals are often used without any reference to the general prmdples of good lay-out or to the current standards for the mixture of coloun or type fome. Margins ac often redaced out of all proportion to the type ure which they surroud. Dort usully they are unbalanced in relation to the reading matter, Sometnies msuitable paper is sed. Very often the cost of the corporation or organization is affired to cvery notice without reference to tos smtability still more regularly the name of the organizadon sprawls Bross the head of every nodice, obachtung the importance of the actual words describing the subject of the The ume contederations apply to the pomied notices como missioned by libraria. Printed notices in libraries are usually confined to byta1, regulations nouces of lectures, concerts cihubidons, and directions to different department. Litde stat don s pard to atch fugove material and the general effect is uninyitng In these days of mass advertising when noocos and adrese ments shout at the public from csery hoardmg. the humza म has become accustomed to reject automabcally mod KOD saoudly most of the wasthenc items which meet it goze. Alorcoret meffectial notices on spoil the of a appearance, library and give it the ixty poortaw aspect which has alaust duappeared clsenhetc. The u beguiry of black-and-wholc nonca notice.

·UTUCITT metal prel ta pob&c libro se dood source of each item bubekal collection There are other opportunita for publicity which are more Domo Do foth oploted Edition, lestures, demonstruos concerts, colod font abors, and many other creo bod A come dama free the library cm be wtored by the pcorboon of comble stmes of publicy wieces of the printed booki od al calledaos of propast boobs and persoch lake la dos comparton, dose connect sold og be to for tored with local words and sometio of all daarbiors, no that do opportuonty bs lot of prokting help to the code fartha pabiany for the Ebrary mabenter portable Specul Sploy drops.com tot be Euld achtbe biboty by che lodova octabas ordere books the special querdoo of Boat Webs will be deemed sabte captat (see page 17) Coc of the best forms of pubbotyk te percoal contact which o made and matched between lots od public. Libauctors mod all members of the states should sette frery dance of addreng groope-logo or mall on the rubject of booka, Hudsopad, artbeer om particolor brey Talks to mal groups of people hating commodotace gabeamp of people congedo de mare trade or professore che por effective, buce the gocthat wbuch fallow the wall will be of et to all preto pod ml ximelett more danted to complice of de object aber would be pomble o mare focal odce The maintenance of the of records of rodeo interes grouped under specific robjects, a ofgren pubhday rahe, ma Ib possible with acha bom to per the people and concerned to docct took wat my outdog book a petredical de white bas been added to the broary and tos pertap Ere boterat mooy took readers who may feel that they heyt chance de boeren of the brusy be sold was forced them The stone of the brim odbo staff to make the xcepted poet of boronden Efe yo that they feed betined to 47 ·PUBLICATIONS people who strangers as well. The repeation of a male plan on the more substantal printed matter issued by the library u also adrouble stuce the readers who ford sod pablications assful are the very may wish to vmt the library in person. Once ut has been coured that cycry effort has been nude to makc known the existence and pontion of the library to all who are likely to wish to make use of it attention an be turned to more detailed publicty Maps, plans, directoria and other matter published independently should be checked each time a new issue is published to see whether the library is correctly indicated and described, and where to entry is given, contact should be made with the publisher to make certan that fitore cditions are provided with antros Tdophone directories, for instance, very often contain the name of the authority or org ization controllmg the library without sprafic mention of the latter an additional entry for the library and los branches will save many times its cok in speed and service Regular litts (preferably annotated) of recent whistrants should be sent to the local pretes, house organs, or any odtier Journal which reaches potential reader. Brief lots are more likely to be printed, and if these can be cast in the form of an arude they are more attractive to the reader in the Observet mbuch, since the war has been short of space for book reviche, attendon has been focused cach Sunday on four or five ades of books for which Bo room for a more detailed notice has been found there is loc doubt that the Obstras readers have become accustomed to takdng espeaal noace of that list each week since they have realired that great care has been taken in na selection- lesson which could well belcamt by all who bewail the little space glorca to them in printed journals. A rather more indrect form of publiaty of this type is the Dewy or stausical item put into the form of a brief news para graph which drots aan de for filling a sbort column those will not of course be used, but if they are went out regularly those which we prmted wall help to focos attention on the library To be effective however they must be conical and of of 40 ·ILMI AND MODUCTION Las apomete may con by karog grunted. Whenever rey bage quanto It wated potato matarly the mod factory to the core of footated materal, orbet pots which will need to be cold are the Fate gumber of pages, the type to be bod, the date by which the muddal a cadad, sad amato of the mac Most of thox gens tre besc determoed in collaboration with the fronta, wbox docca watu watat o bottobre mally poble o chontal Netahda good spderds hoold be skud poe: wbuere mposebe loal prentes bos mmadi cey Tailable, beonspoor bowadays to bre de copy met bu more pattable fouet ince she development of chuc but few bure wat the proces rocha wide range of good foon from the bay type corporanom lo chefe WIT questions of cookce of paper Debod obationerne, safting star et por becoming la diffico contra Except once where ponded to speada argento the Del to ask for extrates from two or three different firect. There a pratat mght besked to buns bis estimate for protag I Joo cope of page booklis ca Sports and Game Royaltra. Content to be printed on 10-ge Tmes Rotuto on Korique popa for copy wochadh rose good quality estpaper cover for along 120* red block (to be oppfied) Booklis to be apled. Both galley oad page proof will be Deeded, to the complaed product post be delivered by Both Aloy 1996 Here the FORTET would be sked to store web hosts loof te popa od cover poper wocto be proposed to exe. To try to dona a good got to a more dpd set of condtots to coort, of not donster, at least reţ medioat work When die goeral beats loddons for the codes that prode bould be compared * ET port to use bus fratterepet ext to the producator of the beses publicats Thebbero Hier , 1 bercahy there, when the fall often ricopate bandy potabilas tenspeed by be Brian ·PUBLICATIONS appeal to it for assistance whenever they are faced with problems which poblished mformation may belp to solve. If publaty sto be truly effective and not to play the role of a boomgang, x must not only be well designed with a particular sodicace kore well o mod, but it must also be backed with adegate saff and resources ready to carry out the promises und opportunOC 2 broadcast Publiaty therefore needs careful platnog, odno premature ponce of a KTVICE should ever be med store a pocentual reader who us disappointed on hs first approach to the Library is hardly likely to try to make use of it at any late bmc. Print and Production TH HA resources of print and paper, design and Lay-out, available to different librane mry cormowls even between lbrana which are near to cach ochet The only limiting factors are those mposed by the needs and the fmance) of the individal Library Before any deasion on the form can be taken to LonTre RATE uy to stamine the purpose which the publicanoo is to fulfil Thul, in the case of a bulicon or a booklist it is essential to determmchon frequently it is to be publuhed, whether it is to be sold or giren away free of charge-if the latter whether circulachon is to be restricted to procular groups of peoplewaterber it should take the form of a bookmark, a booklet or a laict, whethet advertisement and llastragons are to be undoded (in shuncha case provision must be made for sucable paper and for blocks) and what approxmate Azę is corraged. The last point us aspect ally important whCTEVET IT u proposed to send out a large number of copies by port, Ance the difference of balfund or so may make all the difference between a comparsavdy cheap and a very much more expenure mivelope accordmg to which the uze conformos ruth accepxed commercial sizes of not. The final mnd most important point us the question of the Dunber of copies segured if only two or three hundred copies of a special ized booklist are needed, it should be considered whether it Trould not be adequate to duplicate it or to produce it in some ·TIIT AND NODUCTION la morte voy do by batang picted Wherster Tuy Te gore ut fra Borely the mosstofatory acto Land are offerte stel, octa para bat will need to be some tre de prostate oranbar of peopfero be used, the date by hecte the soutatult pended od ocentra of the cost Most of tbex Atos e bere det med allaboration with the former, whose adna co what end wat n por todo Blaty pooble o creoul Notabelas good andere bock be posted spor whatever tro the local tester bus pamet dy mababis, be oma postitor powdays to hire CFR QO Ador Koble fout where she derde poemes of the lac few Tek burro fu web tas frentet s rodande mmt of good four from the box type corporat. La dhe me way quartos of choice of paperbod of planet HTC DOW becoming out to atte. Eurft ba cases where pored meter o Dende araty ob Botol for create nen tro ar date for at forms. This poster might be asked to sobre los ante for printing 1.500 copies of a spect bookbest o Spord aad Gesa, Royaltro Concerts to be fouted to 10-Ft. Tuna Romana rogat papar (o cost obod uport good qualis et paper cover for ab 100-leto block (to be red) Dookies to be supled Bock galley od pore proof will be Docdal, ad the placed product me be delivered by od Aly 1956 Hare the one would be aked to stumn wat bn extmate berople of the pa COTE FT baba ke proponed to me. To try to padara a good pores to a port og stofandi toos o to cook of poc dotust, el rey matinert tock Wilt the focal len od dorn for the trade the footer od be cooped a chery part to be bo terapei ob producto de litory spatboxions. The bboom i kaal, ibadyn wrea, when the frame will often rocopee Instant portsatzesed by the litzat 2 ·POBLICATIONS appeal to it for assistance whenever they are faced with problem which published information may help to solve If poblaty a to be truly effecare and not to play the role of a boomerame * must not only be well designed with a particular andianice kop well in mnd, but it must also be backed with adequate staff and resources ready to carry out the prombes and opportunido a broadcasts Publaty therefore needs careful plamng and Do premature notice of a sereke should ever be issued act a pocentual reader who u duppomted on his first approach to the library is hardly likely to try to make we of it at any later time TE Print and Production "HE resources of prmt and peper danga and lay-out, available to different libranes vary enormously even beraten librane which are near to each ochor The only lomiang factors are thos imposed by the needs (and the finance) of the individual library Before any decision on the form can be taken, it us howTTET DOCE ary to examine the purpose whuch the publication is to fulf Thus, in the case of a bulletin or a booklist, it 11 cisential to dete mine hou frequently it is to be published whether it is to be sold or given away free of charge of the latter whether circulation : to be restricted to particular groups of people tether it should take the form of a bookmark, a booklet or a lcaflct, wbucket advertisements and illustrations are to be included (in which case, provision must be made for nutable paper and for blocks), od what approximate aze s cavisaged. The last point u espect ally mportant wherever It B proposed to send out a large ownber of copies by post, since the difference of half an och or 10 miy make all the difference between a compararely cheap and a very much more expenove mardlope accordmg to orbeiber the aze conforms with accepxed commeraal se or not. The final and most important point is the question of the number of copia required if only two or three hundred copies of a special ued booklist are needed, it should be comodered whether it Frould not be adequate to duplicate it or to produce it in soon ·PIDIT AND PRODUCTION hoold be plea to store baca dents of took place, condi 6oos of todos, etc., ere bcadet ud asked mapsbould be gran i abc place on a difficult to food. It's abo a ray good istem to sed a serial somber and date to each pablication wered by the library in the course of time copies of bibrary publicadas often ad it is actual that the rada sonld be able to havify them. There as ato the gr# armor of as oond sccurzy of reference which a scoal moobar pire The bedadea of the date is ako of great hoport PRE MOLE et etter at only to the date at which they are de la Instmas, board of openlong addresses, keepbook bomben od mmes of afficials at a table to change, od the redan bolped by a dote abacte cobles hlon co those bow courte dhe formation grens bildy to be dow The band.com of the treed wees of the poblaha balso of mportance: Hath bomponible to derefy the othcaldetitory of more than o luge tots, owing to beus bene stran a pobbsbar same macho Tbonne : Abox art by sach baternal cridance androcent mod cert mate my provide Though formats o Deret mccrptable to the progressive Wacalts, it is useful co be able to show the poteter ode or to comple of other pabbiations as the cype of production the bbraria bus in mod mod for this mong obci pourposch wie pobry to collect and keep a good tle of the pubbestion of the more important laban a bome and abroad. Prcellent a toptos of wel preted manual reports, book lises, Lecture Less at an be obtafood from Bob public brins # Bethnal Geren, Bdsed Facky Hendoa, Hornsey Leade, Ltraspool Rugby Sheffeld, en ·PUBLICATIONS While it is not possible or even daunable to groc a list of the only types suitable for library publications, some indication of what can be relied upon to present a good appearance can be given by nammg some of the most acceptable types in use to des Times Roman is probably the most popular at the present time, while Bembo, Carlon, Baskerville, Garamond Bodoni, Gill Sans Perpetua and Walbaum provide a suffidat range for the Variations which might be needed to differentiate the publications of the average library Thus this book is set in 1 on 12pc Bembo, with an average of 38 lincs (indudmg the rurmag-ade and the page-number) to the page. The dize of the book is lange crown octavo, and the paper used 13 Kmghway Antique Label 32 342 mches, each ream of s10 sheets weighing 78 Ibu Once the tender has been accepted the libranan should confirme his activitias to providing doan" copy and to efficient proof reading Large additions and deletons, once the material has reached the galley proof stage, can spoil the lay-out mnd tand to make the printer lose mterest. Author a corrections caused by faulty copy can also accanon heavy charge for the procee's ame. Careful proof-reading wall clominate embarrassing or bamorous mispridd wluch would detract from the valuc of an otherwise excellent publication. A ungle border can completely spoil the force of a powerful argument for more Raff or a larger book-fund. Espeaal care should be pard to the reproduction of illustration. Proofs of illustrations are usually hand-pulls made by the block maker himself on better quality paper than will be used in the actual publication. By producing these pulls by hand, the crperienced block-maker at able to provide a bouct impression than will afterwards be produced when the block is locked in the forme md printed by macchinkal means. Every care should be taken to casure that the illustrations are reproduced as carefully and dearly as the prmter can posably manage All publications issued by the library should bear on them the name and address of the library In the case of handbolls, leaflet and posters announcing creats of any desapaon, apcaal care so

·Part ID
ADVISORY WORK WITH
READERS

·- ܝ

·Part II
ADVISORY WORK WITH
READERS

·Readers' Adi isory Serince the many different kids of work m libranumshup It is a job for the trac bookman with a wide browledge of boobs and lite and a realliking for helping other people. There are no richas to bc gamed in the Readers Advisory Service unfortunately in present-day librarianship, it is necessary to become an sdmnis trove officer m order to reach the higher clary grades, and miny a librarian and deputy librarian find that their work cours more of committee dades, supermtendog buldmgs and repairs, staff and finance, thm of selectug boobs and harang readers. The stunton will no doubt be more dearly defined in the future and, on the meantime many librarians will contracto select readers advisory rock of reference librarmhp as some of the roost satisfymg brands of modan a'ork in libraries Before a Readers Advisory Service n made available to the public it should be very carefully organized. The dest of the Readers Adviser should be placed in such a position that it for entily accessible to the readers while at the same time it does nice unpede their pensage from one section of the library to another the desk is placed too near the dies it is certain that that sertion will be led ossed by readers who will heatate to edge between the two. If possible the dest should be placed in the centre of a fairly open space where the readers can arulate freds and the Reader Adizer should at famg the citrance to the library so that he can imediately offer to help new rendere For smailer reasons the catalogues should be if not a to bis dask, at least well with his ught. At one ade of the desk there should be a Imall bookase capable of holdmg essential bibliographical referchce took The dock of the Readers Adviset should be cupped with telephone providing has not used for receírng requests for renewal. The principle should be that the telephone is to be based ·ILADIUS advoIY SATIC only fut orgotong all, od for mocong alls aking for adria areator od boblogsplaal mormde The dark bod booll be forced to bold. all collection of files, tod there thood who be two ar dere ordinada de for formation betonWhere be library abo bar a separate house idephoos, atendou should be made for the Readers Adviser. Factors de pablic sboll be a dodice Banting readers to make one of the arpory Konic, cod the Adriet i more abould be plamy do Novoroden prefer to bow the attee of the librado wake who they are deting-mlaseb the custom of the library to Dot redes strtory danes to reveal diferent members of the od ducens time during the dry Nor readers, afer they burre been repicered, should be tutto dad to the Roaden Atroet whose job ir is to discover the reder untere od to bow bom where relevant exterlal mury be found on the sbetree. The opportunity should be seized to pre obe sew reader a copy of the made to the horary and cry boalls which be of hdp to hors, or to prepare to me nduwdredba of be bas specul reqorrenzenute The part of the Reades Autoriserade word of electrag boobs for the Bay or memority be lunge in bila maled of the Port of readers be soon becomposite of objec wludiare Il-covered or locally terepresentach. In demon, I be beeps a debuted report of the taste of De* readers be will prodothy become ponend of tumble o fortauon on de fropordan demand for partico artyarte Tous la formation, bon collaced wa the detected saw a recent book toes, should provides or code to future dance of maceral The matysis of mpa door wood be made me woolshow as hy die troend for objects already represented in the library mad would be concursed therefore by the degree of good or bad representa Do md by the sumber of boobs ponded on each subject A dorim od while of books od the book of radog list od bilbotits bould be the repobitny of the Rodeo Adrber tha wilo to keeping to dok bouch with dolly topia k will be his deaty o rocan be comecas wakacadry ·ADVISOIY OIK PITI IEADERS to glance through the newspapers and to note subjects on what a midden demand for books and other material may we, which may usefully be explosted by a display of the relevant printed matter m the library In the same way he must keep himself informed of news of forthcoming events so that import ant occanon may not find the library adrely imprepared in a bookstock But the work of the Readers Adviser has to bord. Ho duties will ndode advice on markets and recent prices to readers who wish to sell or buy books, assistance to readers wat ing to embark on a planned course of study or readmg, helping to put readers in touch with spedalist libraries where the india vidual needs may be more fully represented, and many more subjects which will occur (mostly inexpectedly) from dry to day if the Readers Adviser u to prove successful in his work, be must by nature be more of a boatman ton of an adminis trutor There are no opportunities in Readers Advisory work for experience I administration, and for those who are tranung for deputy and chief librarianships it must be regarded a 2A part of their training but not one which will hdp them greatly in questions of finance, Aaff control, commuttce work or details of routine. The Readers Advaet must have a wide acquamtance with boolo m general, a thorough trainmg m the use of bibliographical works, and a broad outlook which will coable him to Stve adeguate attention and sympathry to all types questions, both literary and technical cultoral and commedal If possible the post of Readers Adviser should never be held for too long by one man. It should be regarded as a sprdal job which each of the more senior assistant should be 61 the opportunity of enjoymg in tummy for twelve months at a time. There are of course great advantages mallowreg abc post to be retamed by one attestet over a much longer penod, but the arguments in id favour thould not be allowed to outweigh the greater advantage of glymg ranow members of the ball the só الشاعره of ·UDNI ARTIOIT NYC dance to gm nhable aperience and to show what they are able to do a ax of the beaches of beauty which offers Ermene kcope for anymalty and endinduatiry matracameled for the opet by sides of routie chiodies, for one, a hortage of te There are powerful was op zbor swinding the port Randers Adrbat for shorter pedod the rear la dhe fox placa ah cacochal that the Adris keep herself up to date wash now publicada pod tvour time be most read oems and book ron vom o both weekday and Stratory paper, sam pakaiab for kem on load odustries and britcresth go through book tende joamal, potshers analognand momcemocens, etc., bok for toportant athibitions, tende shows and so forth plamed to ake place to the pros fatore s podified o och perlochab us Cong En hoep toe toodi mch the clef progrsotnes and develop Po the mood tendice, and como sew adddons to the rock of al departments for ach a room to be a racters, Et must be pomible to see the Rooder sorder of body lengthy porod ba what he may boldebe poste. Secondly to de Reda Adrbetsdaty to tady the gooctai betont of the man in which bo Wacky, to keep in touch with the corres of local datory md totorratt, bocal soocho ad orgmes and cool, to bosild op facody cebos woh acha bbomo od source of fofocomion, mod to maintato adequate records of his mort. Hett pou my low possod than a yer would of the purpowe of och dutiet Howtret food deladers Adriat the officiency of Pais wad mer depend com adequate tods of codard books pod perod. kak od decorate book fund kon be dependent toon good analogue drefianco and gunting and on the edogency of the off at the main service pourt It corn fa depend on the efficiency of the bbrary synem na whate, ut in the toency of the system depot in tota ca the way to which be assies oot bosomes The monis der the face of any berry ne rook of the combination of good gathe good rock and good organon, and a reabies to any of these 57 ·ADVISORY FOR WITI USADA three items will be related m the reduced ability of the library to help to readers adequately It is not necesary to maintain elaborate records of readers enqurich Most libraries ford et sufiant to note oma suggestions card or enqury form the mam points concoming the book or mformabon required, together with name, address and phone number of the reader In many cases a serial number is written or pre-pruited on the card, and a baly with the same number gireta to the reader so that he can ask what progress as being made aith his enquiry at any tune. A weekly or half-reekly check of these forms is made, and individual dedaons made abother to pur chase or borrow the team asked for Urgent items are gre special treatment. When the boobs ste racaved they are marked with special signals, so that their processing, ata is not delapeal, and the reader b nonfied as soon as possible of the arailability of dhe matenal. Records of the number of engine, the number not satisfied, and relevant dates are kept both for stadsdical por poses and for gudance in future book-election. Frequent analysis of those enquiries not habsfied is essential from the port of view of maintaming 20 adequate rock. Notification Postcard BOROUGH OF HORNSBY PUBLIC LIBRARIES You may be intercued in the boots motoned below on the subject whuch you are studying atuch love been added to the Libraria Any of these boobs l be reserved for You on request. WR TIYENSON Any Ltrain

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READER'S EYQUDRY FOLK
Book, pobliczba ar sabfeat required.
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Date of publication ..........
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The fee for resorning a book u drepone. If t scenery to homme
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If the meststion has been rejected, the reason is

·ADVISORY WORK FITII KLADER HORNSEY PUBLIC LIBRARIES MIO Untplow 1653 With referact to the modermed ord book, please me kertoo 10. Efort bore being made po obula the boot 1. Cenot be worthed by my co-operating Ebruty 3 Your mumchun bera oled to the money bambuhk about Pitax toform on if you do not what your own to reoutta on the Brit Habeen rrowed ! so Cannot be reoewed and would be returned toomrbeely required by Another readet Is Row overde mod bould be returned immediately 7 I por macred please foron mby return for record plek in medip forte od pon by return L. Regret cannot trace pleno apply further particula Hubered and to sow mailable Can be obtlord for ba refereert bruy only Man lofornby to H we thould obain on the cooldoo IL We cm only tract to that the wack yua repel 12. If powok please trocw for a further period * Please forward books were to kort moodidoo. 14 Plesne forrard to come for of poort. 15. The book bo pow cakes, bot shookalbe malabka bashoat durttunt. kas nodfy a ih na regated 16 Husbow been added to tod od will be more for you 17 Please meditsion for dois book IL Refret w bike to add to tock: wt any tylosis obat bonic pedo Library 19. The book in out-of-fehen/noč posted in Englund/not yet rabbabed m. ln beratricted to good condition W R. STEVENSON, Dyrl Lilla Duomus 60 ·Reference Alethed TALF the battle ha reface and information work to Hieron outlet on the three monthly member at make to state pracody what day we loobug for aod ta 2006 ases they annor descabe taureely what obcy wml This factor, more than my adhet, oratra andau wote droe o Kekchmg for material och ba anh oderently connected with det object in which the reader really imterested The Stock molly Liss on the fact that the reader bar areas onde op bijis oled bat ope of book connates the tower to query and consegaerdy from westog that votum nube dan kry odier. Ich Lubacon copertand the coquia to store bis query do nk maguely for a book o pochodach subjca ar for one byta mokamable maksetaata tot illc urodod the todo mort quickly wtofoed Not only doe die bbruto need to brow titly what the readar araba order to power the coquiry patefactorily be to bow what and of mineral, cerpentury geocrul a draxed, required. Thus ties knowing what promotory koowledge of the object berada seady posees. Morcovat, the braon should try to find out how doudod m mire the seada negaude Sare people mardy wat moont mforando to cuble them to renk a bet, ochen we aarber of points to belp them with a debate or Hy stale others peed the most databambe discovered. If the head coa discover there parts, together with a dextbor by which the reader hun bare boos material, le standpood dance of pring the bex xrike rolible from that particolo bbery Redca bould be conged to read a pboor beter ogories to the Ebruy on adre, watter posible to embles the staff oo get the mates ready for berada by the tome be made the hbury Tbo bapecealty bezportant in the case of longe of Socks a bad files of periodiako ampepens which bare to be brought from pre distant boscoot honda to mi gode mudykopecessay to know 61 enquaa the ·ADVISORY WORK WITH IZADIIS the stock of the library thoroughlymas task which is fairly casy m a small library and most impossible m the average medium or Large collection. It is certainly easier in a small than a large library to anstver truthfully that the mformation I not available for in the larger colections the resoarors are so res that DO DOC libranad can feed that be has seardhad been complechy Thos, cvery spare moment of any libraran whose detia indode information or reference work is well spent mon exacoming the material on the shelves and in the vertical filc, and making for that their contents as well as their colour and bodopamine familiar and we kept mo sind. A quarter of an hour sperm actually cammog trodividual volantes is prorth an hour of reading Roberts Or Winchel Those taembers of the staff who are working in libraria with only a quick-reference collection should be sent regularly to nearby librand with mall but well chosen reference stocla where they can make thetuselres famitar with the contents of the main reference works of this fi donc, they can then often obtain mformation for readers over the phong shace they will booty which libraries bure the words containmg dhe information they neech It is especally important to tunine new reference works they are added to soc. scading revien D ROC suffocot CTER appraisals as carefully wntten as they are in the best library text books do not give the complete picture vs many library student has docovered during buns cours When first looking at * volutke te sa good sprtem to check and corapuck with odbor boobs on the same subject notmg in what respects it differs and where it adds to informadou already possessed by the Worary The authority of the book should be studied the authors qualifications and carperience the known tepoticon of the poblasher in such respecto a hos barng band other authortare Horlo in this field, and the arucal comma of restors in jourd's devored to the subject. The edition md the date of the orginal love at also worth noting some standard works hare tandausy to retain an urangement and mabod of approach wback may compare worfavourably with a fresh study of the ·intci NITROD adject. The entrance of an and addickad-aspecially if pautod separately or obscure posted on the boatmood the plecione o important formation to appendices shoold be kept mod lordons, bottoprophamad bader (indotoge the Sytem of angetast) dood be examined, and as pro Dorced bon m fra of one particular theory or school of doghe is word og A pood method b for each person who Camino a refertoer wock to wote down were be Los Doticed pia bits content on to be colleger, ta dous way when crary member of the auf ha med bar rotone chat will be a permanent record of the rooarces to be found there which cao be wonen op, Ralysed for the mofarmstico filc, mod of course pod od to w micobons of the stuff la. In the case of poood lahtis well to be on the match for changes of policy contents sulattoos, coupplemena, od the many reason whakato cocok who a new clitor taka oves, or when a campagne for www babcribens casos a mew of the contenute Englah lmograpc material from other pera of the Commonweakh and foca che Veted States should be sortied abo from the poout of Tow of fortsca toppating approach, badpround ac Parade 1 caqury w lets to protette be should be pimo omething to pro wala while a xorde mite for more detailed forinton Ters, of bebas niked for matorul otroceni derdoposcos in the Middle Exx be bould be shown derde vont portions of the mdes of Kronysor For All start be on look pracos to stock be is betrestad, while the ad At kung those pepohal odotes, and amusing the file of material od by the local Nontod obat goredo Det med temporal argembots. If the tada obs for a malontoon porte moan of Arc, he should be pred bendir inds dhe gocalcacydoperties to read white the feed for final baptiupka, pogosto the larger hand, tom n the contestal bed by the Public Records 06., woda la bosconial journal and the proceedioci ! tacto of Lorned societies ar la vost, truda bod bere be left withan mrcial while the libratu gadenbare ·ADVISORY WORK WITH LADER! m search of mfortoador. The general andes in modopaedia and the larger referensce words often bring to the attention of the rcade the casence of other material on the subject through chance references m the text or through the bibbograploos appended to the artidas Again, reader can be asked to comme idards to periodicals for themselves and mark thox items m which they are interested, or to glance through the rdere entries in the catalogues of the national and speaal librana Ifthey may be in a position to viat these institutions later After a ame the average member of the staff will be fakty certain of trvo points first, whether he can answer the question himself and, secondly whether the library contain the answer If the sustant cannot himself cope with the equiry he should Dor continue hopelesly keepmg che query to himself. He should all in the ard of othet asustants m the library so that Do query cver laves it without the whole staff (iodudmg the chief librat Lan, who is tisorally che one member of the staff who bere wked) havmg bad a chance to belp in solving the probleol Esch anstant bas hus own mterests and abilitia hat may appear o msuperable difficulry to one map to anotha instant prove mest child's play In tocking the coquiry the assistant should adopt a systematic lunc of approach dengued to make full use of all the materala the library The soethod of attack should be from the general to the particular farting from the encydopaedias, the mdere, the Wibliograpbies, and the standard works on the subject, and matmg fall use of the resources of the catalogues and of the dass aadioc. Posibly the assistant may not be maffiaendy familar with the subject to know where to begin, on the case he shodd nor hentare to out the reader to aplan to bum the meaning of the subject mder engury to that he is able to establish a sackfactory subject headwy oder wuch he can tarch-most readers do not opre library scales to be passeted of awydopaeda toonledge on apery subyrat and are prepared to explam technical terms and abstrise refererkoes. In the search for useful manual cretyabmg is grat so the librarian s mil books, periodicals, pamphicts, mapy, 44 ·Iranci WITHOD - Wycie material in the literary to addition, Outside source should be kept in mind, achos localesperts, official departments, offices in other parts of the orgmotion, mod my other sources which can be mobilued to the hberry said. It is ementiel in all bet the mallest kudos to keep some record of the sources which bere already been med, for it may well be that the enquiry will be passed on to other members of the staff who will not otherwise Inow which rems to ignore as they proceed with the search. Lo Exct, one of the great raknesses of the process of handling the more extended types of enquiry is the problem of adequately handing over an engotry from cce assunt to mother. Union the goery in xocarutely described, the best instant may look on H fron a difaa sandpoint and my produce other masterul than what to needed. If a teable form med to subsequently be Incorporated under a stable subyact heading in the information file, or for a file of weed queries and thus be med on future occasions for other readers To ensure that enquiries are followed up, che renda inn und address and telephone number sbould be noted together with the Lux dute the information is likely to be or be to him. Rather than wakt won the casqulry bes beca potred completely it to well to keep ha frequent touch with the reader and give bum bummedutely whix material has come to light. This schieras two obfactr: first, it assures the reader that bis enquiry is still programang mod, recondly it gives boun the chance to all off the enqury of be hw obanned the Information Sewhere frequent cruce, bct readers often put the same enquiry to steal bbados e che me te If the autant finally comes to the concludca that the bibrary Cronot self fornbh the answer to a pocry be should comida wbere ere it may be found. Broom bas for its este probably mort bbrary resources andable chin my order country to the world. The uniscent bould not bokante to approach ooonde source. He bould first of all excertih from the library som mfoomation filc a from each general dance works as the Lakes, Mum and Art Gala Yos Book of the DC edition of the os ·ADVISORY WORK TITH LEADERS ASLIB Directory stich libranes and organizations spraulae in the particular subject of the ongwry He should the phone or Witc to them and state hus query barng firet dedided in his own mmd that it is the kind of equiry a hid com bc answered by phone or post and not one in which the reader must personally get in touch with the speaalist collection. If he feels that the reader should deal direct with the specialist organization, that Subject Enquiry Forint-Wertmmtar Catral Reference Libtary Sabject of Enquiry Last date of use Date Name Address . l'honc CBL Chambers DNB AL Port Ayer BNB Broothats Catalogue CBI Gregory Hastings Italiana Larousse Lofc Lalop Ency Am Ency Br Eng Cut Meget N&Q Nat Geos OED Rca Rc Cat Schwetzte Sa Miceum Sclignus Ulrich Winkler Pris Vid Lust

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·ADVISOIT WORK WITH IIAD11 FOR STAFF USE ONLY KOUICES TUED Catalogue Clases... BN.B... C.B.I... Eng Cat .Someschen Ref Cat. 1951/1940/1938/1936 Fontescue Glasgow Liverpool B.SI, Loots Players Lb. Standard Cot.. ALL Cat. Charbets Britammlaa Suby Bible I See All Ind. Arts Index Subj Inder Other Libraries HE HH H. Industrial Firms ... H + ... Other sources Date Result re Books Offered +++ TON IV.R.L.S. Dit ·UNCI KOTOD mate o dhe morandory to start whether the rader colbrzy od. If a woning whes teise Nackens dood betalm for per bebe broyarder mucha the outer de organet nad poroda shodd be told that do od odabibery has a collecoon books fte, obos subjects before de stoont has made att char the Library o wala creat, al speciatimo sar sobres, tot stills the droo po to be directory and that it can be precoc Damen dood for repat, decorrentes forbaking of boy other ans. The remot hart hould be made to see that the reader to the Lofarmanca bebeeds when be o rodm the form he dotes fool effort should be made to cure shut the reader does pox aboose the faction offered to him by the specific übary so that the stah may not be gatered for the net rader for whom the bboxy mabas to obtam monft. Tbroor boat the fraces of traga coery co effortsbootd be spared to make it grey o posibles, boc o de material of the roader oad to the oderner to make bead of the Library arzilable on RAY readon a pooble Every moment shood make sua dfort to get to brow che mooches of the librado montady be nechboobood. It b tro at mox kaffshore late srece ume ba tich to to czby Ibrane, bo caportuna do ocu frate me to be Frofcod mottok domborn as persoal nods to collect or return vimite postaral a to obect op of COFT como Ose oproubs Ebrary o Londoa buka kapacit to read anda member of us fon a to to one oba bbray ETETT Dorst: the schede op fet a doo Do FTOTT TOT od of a burden on the rootuse maak of the fibeory and it bars rooked on corderable broadcast of the strots outlook Azt to the cabe spent than ocher Harties will dat good text for other breda ihoss bore sonde Leon prowhach cooldasefill be noted fordion to ot 10 od the stenberge des oder abbattuto fotos belpt to vote for poena od to motor aches Periodial toild be explated to the full, for nowadays they ·ADVISORY WORK WITH RIADINS are uretly in advance of boobs in the recordog of modem developments and mentions. Many query of topical materest can be answered from The Times and tos boderes, or from Kecsing Contemporary Archives of Forts ont File The fullest osa should be made of periodicals mdexes, boch Brask od American. If the library does not subscribe to any of these, the necessary references can very often be obtamed fem a nearby spedalist or large general library abiich takes therm, or from the Nasonal Central Library Even references to periodicals to taken by the library should be noted, for they may be available In other librana Acar by or the reader may hinself harc acccm to them through bus ont professional or trade organization, There is also the possibility of obauning Photostat copies of arocles in spedalist periodicals by means of services such as the operated by the Saence Library In actually dealng with readers the resettant soald Acret CORsider it suffiaent to poms to a section, be should hlasenake the reader to the shelves and sec that he understands which boob are likely to contain the information he needs ft is Arossary at 1] uma to remember the confuung impression whuck even the best organized library gres a reader when he first coters it, od to keep in mind that what is commonplace to the librarian be completely strange and incomprehensible to the reader Where ever possible a reader should be uked a he leaves the library whether he has found the material he needed. very often poche goestan will bring the response that the reader has found only part of what he rano and thus gire the tastant the opportunity to give further help Every enquiry should be created us important feer people take the trouble to enter a library and usk quorgons just to inte themsehra The job of a libraran is to pronde mformation with out questioning to bat purpose u mry put, or the arcunstanice which are nic to the cagury (apart from any hehe which thu throw on the subject) Some enqmnes which al first aghat appear to be foole ofian turn out to be of great importance to the reader thus, the reader who wanted patur mory

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·ADVISORY KOIK ITT RIADERS use ostmally in advance of books in the recording of noodeta developments and orendons Mwy 1 query of topical terest can be anwered from The Times ud i nderes, or from Keestag: Contemporary Ardures or Facto con File. The fullest on should be made of penodials foderos, boch Briasid and American. If the library does not subscribe to my of these, che nettmary references can very often be obtained from a nearby proalist or lange general library which takes them, or from the Naponal Central Library Eron references to periodicals Box taken by the library should be noted, for they may be arrilable in other librand nearby or the reader may bumalf bore setts to them through his own profemanal or trade organizador Thert u also the possibilny of obtaining Photostat copies of arada m specialist periodicals by means of sercet mod that operated by the Samce Library La actually dealog with readers the anstant should BATCOOL sider it mufficient to point to a section. Be should himself take the reader to the thelres and so that he understands black boob at likely to contain the informatica be neede. It is necessary at all ames to remember the confusing impremon which area the best organized library gra a reader when he first caters of and to keep in mund that what is commonplace to the librarian ITUTT be completch strange ad incomprehensible to the reader Where CTCT posable, a reader should be uke u he leares the library #bether he has found the material he needed very ofta ancha qoooon will bring the response that the reader bis fowd only part of that he wants and chas gire che avestar che opportunity to give further help Erary enquiry should be treated as important few people take the trouble to meet a library and ask questions just to 2000 themesa Thc job of a librarian is to proride informaron nich out gueswoning to what purpose it may be pruit, or the arcum tancos which gave rise to the Light wtich thu my thror on the subject) Some coquines which ar first oght appear to be foole often rum out to be of gtest importance to the reader thus, the reader who wanted pictures mgury (apart from

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·WY WOD of stans flores model market Emported to be Tong a roos wat on the detaiment of pats Fut, p 1 sml dc to và c đ * Domed to me bo own personal opnico corto qub daryo to give it from published peformes ace and bor to see more e la correctly what the Dat may be After all, the reada tapable of gazing for - Al contingatoa bould be pod ad croya ortalas aferade to findowbat or their correct an Vory oftra de free of a goery long after a bocas made will be of de gerek only once de rester ay bare formed the oleon from moet obat xoate o stay bare budood the da oseba, but the performants domed by all be of or to ome other render a poder occasion. Moreover, ab pood tering for the Haram wbo de gestito de haber of muleeray for the TO DO TAJ O quy If the metoca a obtened free one barberto Bospital socce, the your bould be bored on the aforis file (see Page 114) od aboo poated cat to all be of the of the tool. I så dib pabor sammy bedobbracam fi dumala they feefa to tap och aforis to thenschra No library opatrat sbould not to bbb a monopoly ofbergs the only person Suble or to worry due reference coquoda. All borlage aboola noche too should be frechy sbaged between a manber of the af, for the pubbc book on the batyvaxhole od or pot really are we toch ett mos bet gpios, y port then they are the name of the poom wbo dobro bere letters ach des Radeo should be copied to Inow and members of the fby Dome od to ok for dea of hy wah to do so, but when they ne atarehedong sy bep they muy burre recerred the restant concerned bodd be codd to be die B dhe root of the nocoon of thaic k is only in the way the bitart of my beim abia a roca fa good od fritat Xryla - be a TI ·ADVISORY WORK WITI RIADIES Thiç Vertical File T HE value of the vertical file in austmg che reader cannot be overestimated. It is the key to moch topical and ephemeral, as well as much highly specialoed, mformation whid has not reachedmand may never schuerem more permanent form. Ito the bridge between the bookstock and the current periodical or Detspaper in it the libraran may hope to find the knowledge which supplements or corrects the latest edition of a 1 yearbook and the last issue of a standard manual. La it the reader may often discover mach material which, important though # may be, has not warranted detailed cataloguing and would ochemise reman unouced Properly planned and adowmastered, che vertical file can cara the library many bates which the book stock alone could not cleat, but its planning and admmstration demand imagmation and chorough treatment cogether with a larger proportion of the staff's ume than most libranes can afford. The vertical file usually consists of a nest of steel or prooden drawers of standard are capable of holding foolscap manila folder. But these are not essential competent vertical file can at a pinch be constructed from a miscellany of old born and envelopes it u the contents, their arrangement and revision, which determine whether che vertical file us efficient or not. The foolscapuseze steel draiver os hontver sufficiently universal to warrant the description giren hac There can be no hard-and-fast rule as to what is to be induded ma che vertical file. Material wluch monc library considered worthy of bemg shelved otth the bookstock may on mother be relegated to the verucal file because the needs of that library differ from those of the ocher Roughly speakmg hotever It may be tand that material which cannot stand up by itself on the ordmary shelves and stixch is not worth bmdmg should be put the vertical flambut only if u worth retainmg in che librarys ollection. Most pamphlet material os best put in the vertical file Arif it is included in the ordinary rock its lack of stuff covers 72 ·TII YINCAL YILI goudly cross ft to droop over the deghbouring books to becote cattered and to colka dorst. For the more important parmphlet mu to poorille to remedy this by stractog sad orta or otherwise rearforening but then to che incasion of too my ac tem on the betre tends to delay identico of otirdul cans ind to make the tingencat of oct more cal The vertical file or not be coordered a my tone the proper place for material which would cherokee be crown away Items of this store bould beter be put in the Tertical fic for the cotes quantity become sospect and neglected if they bctack och rolph Science for the vertical Site sbould be ned on the one poodples and should be for RTECS but for the ordinary bookstock, and the dece made to boonde my material on the verbal file only after a bas been spired the to location will aploet bet Landelipon to peopblet medidl, Dems dippings, chats, mapa plans, Thnstracts and simples can often be usefully tocoded Whoocter ay extended pecce ofrecunch a codon on behalf of reader, or whether a special beblogruty a compiled, ata carbon should be the far moosion under the appropriace heating at the remaal sc. Additional matend will be included accordo to the percel Deals of the bbory If the vertical ble boo be a soccer, o pecesary for it to be viewed a whole, so that it cootot date to co mochat od foron o mtegrated collection of sources To achiere dis et b Oy to put a boat to charge of the file and to take bu topoble for the election, canon, mengenai pe- Logromne od tadanog od nach Berns. The contents of the flow che thor of the betro wted are specully designed to attract Atroda (voci fu betood ther trore worthosta mony od what to grobable one from other to the mume folders, and the testet ctroduces the content of the uppropener falder to the reader. Bes in order to do this ti watory to traders wiform statens of about bestop droogbout the food to provide adequate adau ·ADVISORY FORK FITI KHADES The realmente dhe me the line to merechnet The Vertical File H value of the verucal file in assisting the reader cannot be #3 well as much highly specialized mformation stuct has not reachedmand may neter schuetanmore permanent form. It is the bridge between the bookstock and the current porodical or netuspaper in it the librarm may hope to find the knowledge which applements or correct the latest edition of a yeabook and the last issue of a standard mandal. In ut the reader may often discover moch material which, mportant though it may be, has not warranted detailed cataloging and would cherisse remain unnoticed Properly planned and admmustered the vertical file can carn the library many tributes atuck the book. Rock alone could not clart, but its planng and administration demand imaginacion and thorough treatment rogether with a langer proportion of the staff's ame than most libranes can afford. The vertical file usually consists of a nest of scel or wooden drawers of standard are capable of holdmg foolscap manila folders. But these are not essenaal. a competent vertical file can at a pinch be constructed from a miscellany of old bores and envelopes it is the contents, their arrangement and revision, whuch determme nether the retical file is cffiracat or not. The foolscapeze steel drawer o bontrer sufficandy tiersal to warrant the description giren here. There can be no hard and fast rule as to what is to be included in the vertical file. Alateral which is one library o considered worthy of being shelred rozch the bookstock may on another be relegated to che retocal file because the needs of that library differ from those of the other Roughly speaking honerer i may be said that matenal wtuch cannot stand up by welf on the ondmary shelves and prach o not worth bundmg should be put the rerucal filo but only ufu us worth retaining in the library : ollection. Most pamphlet matenal us best put in the vertical filc or if # is mcluded m the ordinary stock is lack of suff corets ·oottidi womCIS create the recorde sboald be conged by which the contents of dois terballe tre completely removed one or twice dam des course of the yeur #ory bone takker & completely empored and should be aka co costure that she obyca bending adbo references art removed from the formation file Cralogoed material should bene loomoto che retail file tad og allanlagee cards came to the cod wahnal of thex bould follow the lines adopted for the withdran of books od other prort permanent heath There are dret mom gates of Ameortent of Terdal file paternal connect we alphabedially by cobfect, nonverically by deca Reber od decoctograalt onder of choidon to de bbory Sabjent megement alphabedally o wehtuted to the woods af de mest Doo-pedals rodo particularly if bc bs encouraged to be the retail file by brusel. The drified treatment of folders en bouwtru the adrenge of practing de domfied urmgement of book on the shelves and ta the hands of a good cam be made most adolectory in atto frugter ind of readas. Chronological torageant for the order of sedon to the brary followed by some peculia Hanes whecha bor box files on the Kurset statem. the method toho a detailed dextog od require the basermediary of the wat all times for Sale Kance, to the ocean borond the badet of more brates. Whatever the speed of trangiment nopeach the main poists to be obtained at conditions ood fequod rybion of contot, sidont which the metal file is bielyco broade og Onuistate Resources HOWEVER large the library there will be mouse questions lund komt needs the commot be opptied from le of tock the ofreadas se nder me te jod-content of my one fibras some of these quedias cumot be soreed from prated contes a they may concern foot which bas neta bear formled, or they may be without any posible ·ADVISORY VOIR VITI MLADER3 Many libranaus believe that it is adlas to keep usthagoa modera library toch is not properly catalogues and classified It w true that sons which are not so treated ac rer, ofica ora looked when they are needed. The solution, though by no means estisfactory would appear to be a compromise o ateich crery thmg potable o catalogued and classfied and the remainder's grouped under specific fubjcct heading with a separac index of the headogs wed. Those ateros thich are desafiad and atlogued are really part of the bookstock, and there indosion in the verucal file a really a matter of coureniace Sach iterus can be filed, it will be foud, 22 two paralla sequences in the standard foobcap drawer oveTuze lems being placed by a separate sequence at the begining or the code. If thar damfiodon Dumbers are boldly written m the top left-hand come they will be canice lo find and replace here than if they were kept on the helves There svill always semam at least a few secmua wtuch as Dot worth catalogimg of disorficadou and get must be retained to che library for a short time such material will no dude informas non of forbconiung ceno, propaganda nateral of the more substanaal type, pre-prind und off-print of copacal baterista extracts from books and persodicals which throm light on problems which paracularly inccrest readers but which are not muffomdly authondove to be used u more than hadeaal informacion, etc. Each of these items should be awarded a speafic subject headmg and placed m che folder bearing that headmg. A s-ach by stach coralogue and should be made for the subject headmg and filed, along with any pecessary refer ances, in the mformation filc Thus, whether there are mad or fifty uens on this subject on the filc, one object cand will see present thear all Wheacta my matematu msented in the Troca fils, the contcobs of the folder should be mspected for matcha! which has become superseded or out-of-date and con ddy be withdraxtThis will casure that the content of the more popular folders will be frequeady reach. It then remnants to me that the content of the land folders are also revised, and to ·OUTDI UOMO Cox cho those it donty bolt op over a period of my toes od wally coa bwa motoal od li ofera bappers thout a spearhit of substral or contende organitol, return for mac rodared by de bibrary will plaeb apert Lowledge and resources the library i dispoel Sach oftar e genome od prose be bed abouter cet noradashodd bereared to socha toczce mon the breyta fint exertatud there be will be drometod for the informatica be prods by malable there. At the mome time, por sotuces ach other should only be used when allockan bare frilah, od the only of the rada bs cor wbo will not about them or queer the proche for the notreda by atoo col ceptre of the faction cred Cert bould certumly be taken to follow up the root of my qury ice has been record barbers, to make pecabila nowledgment oferred od to ensure that do kander ming hos oceaned Doskog the port for you brions! mas of niedoorting bateral bare become actedry facture of horary waka which Hann bare come to rely wide foarte confid.com The boot of the most valuable service was a litery cmnobre a teades, od k to the crabt of Brasb hbrachtnup the hodied bare led the world to voluntary cablinhtong such a cukup but want systems. I ako pertstag to Dott dat doc dao bare derdloped such rice tool their Dzbiorukal Cotters to mail for the longthod they diy borre Dow oken dhe lod n recorting and when the roources of my ken betere Unted Sorel Yet goede cooperation remins bowever to be derdoped co s teplotal krd, odwd.com Broops are concerned we be por jou fickt Thobbardia stoca pormally cooperate adobar to de este artcenteng books could well falor se poncer Cople of the ential od legal fibrose by define the object beterod, by the startede these fits to Dort cable bilansod by establaba policy of you okoa over the purchase of poort apporte inte. In this way mocy and these may be made meble for other ·ADVISORY FORK WITN IBADERS solution. But for the most part they are mercy enquunos no arc Outade the scope of the individual library cher ansats probably be found in the appropriate special collections. In order to find the answer to specialist enquines it es necessary co have a good knowledge of libran resources. In addition to the public libraries there are the university and college libroncs, and che spocalist collections of government department profes. donal, trade and learned soactia, mdastrial and commercial organizations, cathedrals and churches and prac foundations, research associations and public corporations. The wealth of these Libraries has never been fully recorded. ASLIB m Britain and the Special Libranes Association m the United Sates have boch used detailed directones of the specialist collections of tber respective countries, but even so there is room for stil more detailed analys. Fortunately m sprafic fields much has been done to show the resources on a single subject or group of subjects more fully and, m addigon, the growing oumber of man Lists of periodicals serie mducedy to and care abere further speaal material is likely to be found. In addiaon, the Bibliographical Centers in the United States and the Nadonal Central Library m Britain hare further records of such material But these sources by themselves are not sufficient for the trants of the mdrvidual library Each library has its local mecrests and nerds. For mstance a public library will hare spaal require ment m che field of che local history of res oun ares, and it will also have access to spraal collections and sources of mformation on the subject which are of no parucular mterest to my library outtade that part of the comtr) In addition, most brancs harc access to special collections belonging to private persons or organizations-whose use is not generally extended further afield. Moreover every library is in coucha tyrth at least one or red specialist whom u B able to approach occasionally for duzce and help. All these sources, bemg mainly of local mtetett ure warecorded discutere and must be incaded in the dat informacon filc of cyery assistant is to be aware and make effect ite use of them ·QUT RESOURC Canticos cock us there ee dowly built up over a period of may rated by @abass or mutual and I ofico happens that specut o pdostal or cocodredal argeboon is return for bace tendered by the library will place is apar boowledge and resources of the eary dispool. Soch om at fotocond most bewed with the greater ce dorade should be referred to cha sottoloo the bibery bus for mortabed dar be will be welcome at that the bottortrad he peeds to mouble thert. At the one those, private wunsch as the food only be pored when all others bare fuled, and the only of rodat one who will box aboo bem or quer che price for the most reader by 1 too asal acceptance of the follitia oferod. Care should costusnuly be taken to follow op te sords of eary agairy which has been referred dacobucts, to make portable owledgment afterwards and to come that no mstander Autor has occured Ducting the TUD putional them af fredlanding material here become a crayday lettore of library work on wbuda barim borre come to rdy with increning confidence That is one of the Homost talable services wach abbony motor a reader, and it to the area of Datoh batmshup chat * should have led the wodd in volutely establishing rich a cotpreheatre and cfident fyriem. L a ako interesting to potc dux the Awakens barre derdloped and seria through ther BibSographical Centro to mal forthet knytband that day bere wow akto the lead a recording od maling the roca of many ms to the United States Ya greater co-operation romato bowTato be derdopados regooillerd, 2nd within proops of brands coocessed with the pure about fielce That Bondia which normally cooperate with each other to the extent of beelding book codd dl follow the pioneer ople of the stal od legal hibama by defining them pubfect tolerod, by tafere material och besc field te not able bomo, ond by ccablishga policy of Johat bo ore the proba o mert operare it in this BODY of od to my brak misble for obies ·- ADVISORY WORK WITH READIIS sologon. But for the most part they are merely equanies who arc outude the scope of the individual library, their UDSTITTS 17 probably be found in the appropriate special collections. In order to find the answer to specialist aquaries at s pector to have a good brorledge of library resources. In addition to the public librancs there are the truvetats and college ubranes, and che specialist collections of government departments, profes. sional, trade and learned soaetics, industrial and commercial organizations, cachedrals and churches and prac foundation, research associations and public corporations. The nealth of these libranes has never been fully recorded. ASLIB m Bricam and the Special Libraries Association m the United States are both issued detailed directories of the specialist collections of bar respective comines, but cten so there is room for still more detailed analysis. Fortunately in specific fields much has been done to show the resources on a smgle subject or group of subjects more fully and, in addition, the growing number of onion lists of periodicals serve mdirecur to indicate where further special material is likely to be found. In addition, the Bibliographical Centers m the United States and the National Ceatral Library in Britam have further records of such materal But these sources by themselres are not sufficient for the wants of the individual library Each library las its local interests and needs. For instance, a publ«c library mll hare special require ments m the field of thc local history of id om arca, and it will also have access to special collections and sources of mformaton on the subject which are of no partxular mierest to any library outside that part of the country lo addioon, most libraries hare access to speaal collections belonging to private persons or organizacione tubose use is not generally extended further afidd. Morcover etery library u in touch with at least one or co specialists whom it B able to approcci occa goaally for advice and help. All these sources, being manh of local muerest, are wrecorded dservhere and must be included in the dark information file of crety assistant is to be aware and make effect ive use of them no ·COWNILDO A IDLIOGUMY there. If the hbrary o pronde readed-apparatus present oil too aprire for the majoaty of soda od research mode to boy for theresetres- they will bare Increasmg sc ood will prody odood the range of the library a resources Tape od wtre recorders are already mach In toc to rocach Hanes mod the larger pobtic libraries. Most of these matina men from batteries, box there seems no reason why the sbood Dot allow a rend to plug in his machine to an able porte ou lat wbere Decy Not crery readers on bomcrer afford a recorder of cus dexripoos, and the prormon of co-operated typewriter fchon done in many Americm libentes-mould seem a logical developonert for my library which wishes to pre os readers the fullest possible sotme. bbury Compiling . Bibliography MOS rost librarlons are called upon to compile a bubbiography or reading bont of a wject from time to time, but in many ano a mach mfrequent mberrab that they must consider the whole task mew on cache occasion. The danger to chos is that they my omit one or mort Kepron the proca of cukumng that their bibliography is of medicat corerage to stufy the needs of the ronder The ma oneal is to proceed carefully to all cates from the general to the particular, tren though some of the stage may after consideracion, be rejected as inapphable to the butividual babeat moder treatment. Thes, supportmg material soch o maps nad satania would ustnally not be needed on the case of de majaricy of lievery topic, whole them atalogues mod catt logoa bains would be relerut in the documention of technological or somente fac material Neretbele, it is possible to oulme the main feature that would be considered in coopiting bibliographies. The followay beading, arranged in logical ada of consideration, will be foood of general apphanan ·ADVISORY WORK WITI RBADOS purposes. From this naturally follow much possibilito poolmg of chifficult enquines, durert loans for urgent regues dimination of postage refunds after a tal period (che office on this is usually out of all proportion to the small sunt of me votred), the matual douficanion of new additions, co-opers storage and the standardisation of technique, forms and met wherever they affect other libraries, os mell as some exchange staff for additional experience etc. Agam, mans stems of mi leadmg do not fully cope with readers seeds in the fields foreign publicacions, methadonal orgamzaton and goretama docomcas, large reference works, some penodicals, and othe essenaal iemi Herc roo che solution probably lies within the regional or subject-group area rather than on a national level It is otten the case that a reader who to obtam for has ons SC a copy of part of a book or of a periodical article. This can of course be copied out by hand but mn some casessocha 25 detailed saastics, illustrations, maps, etc.--the process of copying Accurately is arduous, lengthy or impossible and may keep the volume involved out of the hands of other readers for longer than w dearable. Here s a case subete provision of one of the may cheap copying processes is warranted, and wherever possible thic library should offer copies ar as lon as costas porable. Where the library does not possess the necessary apparatin, arrangements can often be made for the copymg to be done at a Acarby Library or by a local phorographic form forcover where such a simice can be offered, reciminates the need for overrauch leading of Karre, valuable or moch-used material. Care most of course be taken to avoid ay nfringemeat of copyrigtu authout permisaan A second service which should be offered u access to apparatus for reading mucrofilms and Ducrocarde. Where rate or Faluabic material cammot be borrowed it is sometimes posable to obesta 2 microfile or microcard stuch the reader can audy w lessure of be has access to a stable reader agzan, many brand are buyer mg microfilms and microceeds of material or special caterest to ·COMMILD C A IDLOCUIT History Lodhins The hill of the Safari dymas Parodia 6) general Lot nude 6) pecul Palopral bellcom Non-book mrembo Al grubop bore terork ihottumas, filos, filmas spt Ratic Rocca and o ܗܬܗ Soutons of bofocration Barresh medical bullet Sabxromoon boobs ball.com Ocha litrancs, oder organita bors, pecabo and carents, ortocal departmeos of joto pak, etc. To each entry as we coffead mootition bdicating the most food where Decemary the gregement) of roeren matrial, Alugary Irm D Romana radom Batum rol I North of the For Wor_bra Chrond fondating Walo md Scolmadl Pooctor Houte, 1957 JSPthis tapt metoda son bibliograptos fa anche sem. Where the bil biography s lags or when comes are complicated, it is belptál to add a contestant of motion bead imp, odabo modes of schorts sad ospects of subjects mod, if powłoks, of mboo and proficient sa boy as, titro dactory note should ople that the babbostaphy is turally electrie and cut further reatoco w be found bebe teens metooed onder de beste Bibhographics. It should also be bretocated wbut terug te rubble womediately and which work be attend the other than and oder when antimam. A corer-ode wake dhe me and across od tebooc number (ed esterna) of the Library and ses Reference Department ebook! be beaded, and the bibhoparby bood hrs bear the date of completion ·ADVISORY WORK WITH RIADIRS C Examples Bibliographies (1) general Desterman sWoodBibhograns of bibliograplues (b) particular The US Department of Agr cultures Bibliography agriculture Gunda to the literature Park and Whitford's Phytos of a subrock Literature Lists of periodicals Ulachs Periodical directory Library catalogues Royal Institute of Brosh Archicocts Catalogue Abstract and undexes Cumulaave indexes to foumab and groups of joumali, such as the US Atomic Commissions Nadear science abstracts, or The Engineering index Dictionaries and encydopacduas (a) general Encyclopaedia Batannica (b) special Kirk and Othmer Handbooks and yearbooks Kempes Engineer s year book Statistics Registrar-General's Saastical review of England and Wales Tandbooks Grays Anatomy Popular outlines Hogben s Sacoce for the atzen Monographs Archer Taylor s Book catalogues Government and international Pabloc gencral acts organization documents Bank of Intematonal Settle ments publications Standards and Patents Publications of the British Standards Institution, and the Laternational Standards Orgy nuzadon ·. CONFLINC A JULIOcum History Loctharts The full of the Safari dynatty Peptial (1) focal Lancet (6) spocul Beological balleton Norrbook material Mapa gramophone records, filom, filostnps, ilustrations, ctc. Rarier sources and British medical bulletin werk Subscmpton boots bulletin Source of baforadan Other libraries, other orgmirr poms, specialist and aperts, editorul departments of four maks, et To act entry # is well to appead on anotation indicatmg the scope, food, where necessary the armgemens) of referent material, es Murgary Irm D Rome roads in Batam rol IL Norch of the Fow Wayn Bosco Comnd footmg Wilos od Scotland). Phoemes Houc, 1957 up mapt Eschade short bibliograpboos for each item Where the bebbiography to large, or when to contents are complicated, it is betptol to weld a contro list of section bead ips, odabo mindar of subjects mod spects of subjects and portbik, of kumbon bod significant dicken In any cox, man tatron dactory note abould aplım test the bibliograpby o natanally electric so that further reference will be found in the item mentioned moder the bestog Bibliographics. It should also be bubartod what it cos are trailable immedistely od which most be obtined from other librio od de bat conditions. A core-ide with the name and address and telephone number and extension of the Liban od its Reface Department bould be uscadel, and the bibliography would always bear the date of compilation

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·LOUIT STIVICE FOR CEILDII de dos anos; that we sonde popib mit quickly cut obros, plasty of rarre ellertal bonill be reads med fully Haec che that will to more woochly of the question patrunder typode ser o SO u to allow prices for the Wits to be watta oa do qoodaa papar be About forty mbatto say be spent the Leading Library The del pobots to be ampliaci srede dinsion between ficka od Doobcooo, due agement of the boobs by their objects, the op of ombes to modicate the room mbjenor the mobject outros de cambogos, mod bow a particular book an be buced from the analogte to s place on the there. The cordres should be with each pupil sauchbag for the bomber of a preobject on the colors, od the hoogte tos may not ways be cochle) fos.dmg a book on that object on the Abetret. The acond crece dould give the code od tothor of a book for boab) whache ku them to be looked up na bocatalogue od rooght on the better To allow a fair chance of man. pada duplicate any of each book to be food should be placed on the shetro bofore the doo udra In the Roareace Libary ra wise to himit die instanta with one excepdoomto te quedaoce book whicho con bracted on single iphabedal sequence. The conception is de local duectory whicho bould be shown to the day and the cute metom bidanted. Boys od gub we wraps alire to the rabad nterest of such a detailed record of sharom sromochage The qoid-raut boobs which can tahls be muroduced tom mare dass med ca white practical exerces can be bund bcode desconna, encyclopedia (sosen sod pocit) Bocuses of brography sad potter A Dot so pong specific mloce be fomd se dood of the deptes. Some of the books will akuty be farettiar to popis, but the Abante me ty to present them to a bondal books but the o. cierta of tools for abattas prekek mom don la te quedous to be more from reface kid tha bere to tap to the kind shich adoos of audy coc correct bere. The young teda bus do a sol des objecttre, od ·ADTISORY FOR WITH RIADIAS Filc copios of soch bibliographies should always be kept m the mformadon file: they form an excellent baw for future work and enquiry providing that their date and selecure nature are bome mmmd * Introduction to Library Seriuice for Children I N any scheme for introducing yomg prople to their public Llibrary service, a librarian should begin by scelmg the cooperation of the local cducation authority He will eben be brought into touch with all the schonls m the area, and the restes can cake place durmg school hours. The instruction on the library should, of course, be murely in the hands of the library staff. The best aime for a class via US ni ben the boys and girls are approach ing is and the end of school days u un aght, though yomger children have been known to get great profit and pleasure from the experience Not more than maan pupils should attend an a group and, if only one vide us possible it should ligt at least for an hour and three quarters The tendency of any adule in front of a class of yomg peoplers to tell them too much of the libraran can make cleur first, that the library as tree and arailable to all next, that books may be borroned for home seadmg bur that others are always to be found in the library that the books are arranged on a plan which can be followed in the catalogue and lastly that wme books are prepared especially to give mformigon quaklimathon a rety good foundia on all have been laul. Most soug people learn more by doing than by lustenmg and it is theretore important to keep the spoken metruction as bnd and conase as porable and to follow it uith excars whech bring into use the prodples mabich have been aplained. With regard to practual work u should be nored first, chut every caetere should be carefully prepared and checked before + The curter ben bero witra and contnbutri, by tot gee of ALS lot Babbtoptoe, Cory Labrani od Lafumboa Ofare of Sketselt, by Alas P E Cauderworth, Orgenter of School Lestruction was later besch Cry Librapa. many ·UIY INTICT 101 CALDILX Who doe fast mu to reach the North Dakt la what your 64 bc do xo? What mu the original porn of the City of New Yoct? Who b contempted to be more "Nar Yot7 To stopt more than this ro contda-for france method of Brady a tour one wod of reference to compare Does with other with a boont certainly pure boomboom bo ay froop al pong people wboste rocked duroot the cherre agos magposed best wil mare hy be notoc inertested couch to come back to the Reforce Library to make furibar aploc Data for the treat La Shekil axdons based on dhe praplos outie la de dopter box with note deffroact of drail has been to operation Cadoudous ma 1942. It is not arod by de Edocttion od Liboala jant Seb-Committee and all types of school portid past the popis standing in der thund your a socials (in, # 13 ) The large Central Library baking allom dine of forty od ut on the the two groups of twory euch being ered by a wobor of the Librarys . A ropese loon, followed by pracdal seco, bare on the Directories to Hot while one groep begged with the quackreef once boobs, de other workwy fort in che Lootos Library and the winte the Drectoos, the two groups among one after about a Low. As no momy dara tocad in worse while to promote the ba questros (ue, those whosch COTT the mutmain fort ka anche deputet) Horate of the forty defrost goedion ppen LA Type for you to the treba bo MODO puola dhe dm. This is not chel, but alors acampalco mark his own rock bad cm form a befo bow for a berdion loose the dus be returned to cool The Sheld that bubeen rode po bocheck chuo of older bort agus axch ago by bolonial firms, stodont one od Kode of technical contmedaljath es The schob described bolme pamphlet brood by the Chy of Sheffield Election to IberosArt Galled od ·ADVISORY WORK TO READERS che librarian can see at a glance worther det objecture has been garded. It is well, too, to grade the questions on some fach scale as these, First Styx calling amply for the use of an alphabetical sequence and civo preces of straighofontard deduction, es In the endopardia Brilant, volume s find crmine" (a) What colour is the trmier cost of the amme? (b) Hon long i 10 ou? In Chambers s Essyrlopaedia volime s find “Elba (a) What is the area of the pland? (b) What chree from trees fourth bere? Second Stage cestng knowledge of the sources of information, but requring only a minimum deduction, es In what year did Christopher Columbus, the discoveret of America, die? What is the full name of Lord Naffidd, a well-known Living mdustrialix? In what aty was Beethore, the great composer of munk, born? What articles of food are made m the town of Melton Mowbray? What colour w mcant by the wond cerulean"? Who wrote a story callad "hem"? Third Styr resang knowledge of sources agam but callmg for rather more reding and perhaps, reference to more thm ose source, es In whit aty was Hades "Messah" performand for the fint mac? Which English king was present at the first London performance? Who was the second min to them the Englab Channel? Who was the first woman to do so?

·LURAIT JRTICI FOR CHILD Webster Bosophical Beauty Curabasi Decocarry out Whosobo Chamboss Wood guettes and geographical dictionary Bartholomens Sorrey gazetteer of the Broob letos The Ordford Scdonary of Englah Chrion mines A Deccion y of abbrerapons The Secret reader i comparton, ained by G. E. Spect The Eoordoptate of patatag dred by Bernard Alyos The Oxford compodoo to English berature The Oxford caterpimo to Ameden borettore The Oedford compardon to AS Grott. Denonary of more ad abbons (toto wady eticon of this work is still a mox miniceable tool) A more mformal and roy atractare mechod of scorpio dira ba the use of books od librand on the orgadation of Book Weeks totally ta dove collabordea what the National Book Logos, pahlaba od bon of childrens books, and local boobchas Fature which we usually octodad la roca credo caprox a vetto of lectura conmg modows subject (Homocy ochrone of Caree ua there was apocally sorreth once each gaca-lecture was notable na hod or be fold) cotro- Loed deplass of boobs dapky a bow to make boobs and Fibrinos (andalbag the diction and tbe azloga) doplay pointing, paper-okog book bundme, eta doplay of Bidons desta from the Mostrabons Callation, display of gudelarence wodo, film hom of kous abas books and Wondes, varios compedtions, querces, brastog tren, etfin to ettere that the tiden ut able to play mutire part in the Book Week Asboa xunittes with children, ta coil when planong a Book Week to mumtam the dosent contact with the edoctoo macbottoo, the suff of the cook, od social med wahe room bo come into contact with children thoroogle dobs, tcsopocially to the early ago where aspetta suos * these anbart a bude dochting buwi be mot milk od a bo to pare the best segonte poticky 57

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·LOLU SÜTa rol CEILDID
Popa No. 17
MY OF HEAD
EDUCATION AND RARES, ART GALLERIES
AND XUSLUMS JOLNT SUB-COMMITTU
LIBRARY VISIT
KEY
Laun
0) Dylan
I Lomodel
P) Sondag
0) Tn
s Richard Mod
0) and forg
The honde
Charter Early soks, ratons to
Hathan Tormed Creery Berdepards
Ncham' Exploracka
CN Bagdolls
Waher gropecal Data
Hon The Med baby shu yea Ward, Tom Ndodh

·ADVISORY WORY WITH ILDERS
e Mar
Nex
th
CITY OF SHEFFIELD
EDUCATION AND LIBRARIES, ART GALLERIES
AND MUSEUMS JOINT SUD-COMMITTEE
LIBRARY VISIT
Romuaba, Y you canx for what you meet the auf we will you
1
ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS N THE LENDING LURARY:
What to the tomber for boola sbou Watch registeret
2 Fand to the ackgac the card for the book "The Face of the earth" by
JH CUALE Wate the robot bare >
...Tha lot for del
book on the shoren () Wur le der dele Chapter ?
ANSWER THPSE QUESTIONS N THE SCIENCE AND COXOLENCE
LIBRARY
5 Foda direttory of Gooreet 04)
Wher boethe InsCumboldo Street, Glopcemerl
0) Find the wholo Gueden Acrobactobat, in hoc
ANSWER THPSE QUESTIONS IN THE COLLAUTTER ROOM
+ at the Dermbyte rendrolone in God "Pomoc
(.) Whu kohtume for this.
) How to Teede tre dere?
sw What is the film Nach, Low Breytile?
(1) Witte on the box belor de man of the book to which you found the

·WYSYA YOR CHILDLER
per Nan
CHEmp
EDUCATION AND LORARES, ART GALLERIES
AND HUSEUMS JOINT SUD-COMMITTLE
LIBRARY VISIT
KEY
LALI
16
& Loomadre ha
0) Soda Sina.
44 Luke
0) T
I LA VEUR Modla
Arya felesleg
Chodar Barychpocks, rolsce so
Halben Tranh Conary Berdepends
Alena Beryd
Co New Age Berdegules
cheer Buraphical Decorary
Hote: The Mad Deryadla pracy w Mardin Me Note

·ADVISORY WORK FITN READOS
Some easiet sample of Surge a
EXTRA PAPERS
The EAUba kind of Halla what country hot be found?
2. DILLINGSGATE is the nume of a wrot Waxborot tete?
3
POLO bagon
How many people form team m pater
Wbut animal tako part in the game!
4 CHESS bag
How many people puy a game of chea? ..--
How many squares are there on a chon board?
-
L Antal
KE
2. Foi
3
Four. A borre.
4. Two Starry-fuar

·UIT DIIC TOL BUILDILK
THEHID HYDRAU
GRANVIAR Shoars
- VENEZUELA
Lakborde Apoca
Farbdrapallo
1.
Hy w .DRIC
Fred ARCH2015)
nhar portthe
+
Waldo Nidow Adder
-
Hoc on
KEY
L Lady
Horody
* Usb
Cep Det
QAI

·ADVISORY WORK WIT! ADX25
CITY OF SHEFIELD
EDUCATION AND LIBRARIES, ART GALLERIES
AND ALUSEURS JOINT SUB COMMITTEE
Parer No. 2
Remember, If you cannot find what you want, the widthman belp you
LIBRARY VISIT
ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS IN THE LENDING LIBRARY:
1. What the namber for boobs boat Tostapok!
3. Find to the catalogue the card for this book: "Alestoder the Great
B. L Wann. Write the bomber bere )
book for this book on the detra.) What to the title of chapter .com
ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS IN THB SCIENCE AND COMMERCE
LIBRARY
J
Fad a directory of Southampton. (110)
(0) What b the name of the hotel u Putwell Rond, Southampton?
() What is the saddress of Toap and Son, basket maters, la Soothieptoa!
ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS IN THE COALAUTTES ROOAL
A to the Curychpas Brtanks, rolame , fond "Butnants
6 Whx tape the bed of the brand?
() How many species of bentud ure there on the Bracket dal..
& 6) la what you s Florence Nightingale born? (She died in 1999
0) Wita on the Hoe below the name of the book in which you found the
wer.
Sweden bulgurm rap

·LUIT KICTURES Library Lectures CHE Eocene of reguler outro datory lectura dhe te of boobs and bitrdo Brudy found ontsade the buges poblac Hurda Urcally delict of suficient saff prevents the addirico toch fotidants to make full contot. Ya those who *tfrie wich de rock of mors mod otpallala wallare Dodered bow popular tre motorowed toots of Entratacion toder the produce of a qualified and pracoard lecture. La a combat fublon, there is noch scope for Lecturdade na of boob sad bodia roba de spalat systems, best only if och become is wel placed odcomptcy Coded out blmy librads At TOO crowded od too busy to allow of sach lectura beog gra dubok the tone that they ut open for motorax, but och lagros could be planed to oke place afios boas few people like to bocca to i all on boobs without any Form of otron, mod, lecture on the ox of libraria could walbe backed up by display of selected material to each of the dipertemua buted if the lecture made podporedanthat if dac potence ze aken from department to department od thom weermaged display of outstando contorna bolooctang to od part of the boty od fauch department o described by los libamochogenic ruiety of promitop od poaten Unded to the Eutere od pocca of the voce Latestach other te best area to mult prope od bio to the lectura bodd be controlled by the box of bdiedarkndal tertions to the diere will be too Deory ruden tot we lecture la cance department dans should be tronged to allow the talent to while bestcateg to a darp na to work od foco, ad opportunity should be be for the moon to soport the deplor pot oft for chele inspection, od took geen in u informal modo Soma brdo my d at the type of sthisy plastic that they bite sot the roomto to provide rally watt dotte complete But the met ad more 1 of people, ·ADVISORY WORK WITI RIADIS azpensive material can often be bortoived from larger libraries near by or through such orgamzations as the National Book League In the same way guest speakers can often be found among ones colleagues in the same region and, in fact a little ingenunty will soon produce a programme which is boch reloable and myiding For example a lecture is to be given on the use of books and libraries m a small provmcual public library comprisng leading reference, junior and periodicals departments. The meeting starts off in the most attractive department on the ground Room usually the children s library Here the audience is tockoned by the chairman of the libranes commerce or che librarian who says a few words cxplaming the way libranes are run, what they cost the mdividual atzen, and what he can reasonably expert on return for his moncy This mtroductory talk us STVA in en atmosphere of the atmost informality and, to achieve this, com fortable chairs are arranged in a semicircle in a corner of the room around the speaker who humself increases the eformality of the occasion by remainmg scated while he is addressing his audience. After this, the Children s Labranan follows mith a brief talk on the importance of children s learning to use books carly in life, and a dexenpaon of the work of her department, including such features as story hours and school libranes. Arranged room is a good display of outstanding children s books in good edraons, micrspersed perhaps with examples of chuldren s pamting, handicrafts, etc. The visitors then move to the Leading Library where they are shown a little of the mechania of che issac and discharge of books, and where they bear what steps are taken to produce any particular work for which a reader may ask, inducing the resources of waterlibrary loans. The opportunity is here seized to hand out copies of my booklista, guades to che library and other recently published ads to readers Prominendy displayed are topical sections of books and penodical arudes oo mobjects much in the public che in the 94 ·InuY LICTUUS The party dece poas to the Penosios Room where the perodials are displayed without beir coren od are grouped da abfoots Near by we shown a recado of prodicals Indarot both Boshod Atcod urofilon od microand readers (both Stored with marnal ready for borene ze Motopoly placed so that she sudicace con filly appreciate the robable porabilog n bow within the socioftro bolated Kodcov od roxearch rodite hatha Reference Library the Reference Libraria thoa emaplar sters the bomportmae of periodicals o sopply tog ta formation which has por ya (mod may neru stem) book fourn, mod donantares bow Lowledge of acto sobreca o discovered from Domy na pertocicab adues Display this department may include a postery of potatng sowo both cały od badero campos of Enc anforship, a few spectross of the bola of the mobiese of books to a selection of local history olidadog froncos udhores, saps morb af local bon, to action to the ampla prea bere, there are my other fatora which might be corpored according to the nature of the distrla which the bay arted mod scording to con temporky local md pomal crent Thu, the formstron or popularity of wateor datorat Roio would want display of relevant material backed op by petsod connes, pictures of mous too od models of different kinds of beteres, oge cosy etc. New more cold be represented by period babood books devoted to these todas supported by cumple of the types of bude mmefactured. Neom od materostom! crime would stay that get they do in my other form of potboxy Londboon, there et kreu fil.coms about librades and books wheb om o coesiderably do the attraction of the proccob The one that press is to come out for complete tour i tattoo koncertamly pot more than or to maloutood martubag gou with a mans with of course, nem a reborn and trong, Merbent of the of boold be hotroduced by others, and indoo bould be coconged to sert L ·ADVISORY WOU WITH XLADIUS ther advice and help more fully when they lose the library Store there will always be one or to people in the audience abo xe not members of the library it is well to make provision por cady to allow them to join but also to borropa book as they lare che bulldmg Mamy modifications are naturally necessary before this type of mtroductory tour can be applied to special libraries, but the batic prmaples remam the samemchat is, the prottion of an opporta ity for the librarian and the reader to meet cach other malas formal and hurned atmosphere. Some of the larger organizations hare an ingeniom system by ntach materested people to come to hear a talk giren m che library by a guest speakerusually someonc prominent in library or mformanoa mark Though the address may be devoted to the industry rather than more sprafically to sources of mformation, che indirect approach has the effect of arouung interest in the latter which can be mtensified and maintained by displays, demonstrations, etfing related to topical subjects are mized ·Part IV REFERENCE MATERIAL

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·WAS AND QIZINI person and dextrot mate to book and pamphla fonm. Por thote se to which the library * particolarly mterested the libary will buy large ole maps so the bbery which is cactoed the parcele subject will ecgure all the map pt co obtam to the field on the w* Dog countries od large tores bart poblished derdlopent schemos con mmy raluable maps pooby down for the purpose. Thex mapa indude a webh of informon which if not mobchable che where would certainly be difficult to decore. To buy thest demes boue of the depot and best map of providing up to daude boformatica od mocal mod mdastralod economic affan haditas, al bbraio hare ocher large map touca bo de form of maps ud plans bad tre tododed m book, sach cydopartis whach orally pronde maps med sketch plans of tbt coef place they dontibe, directodes, and maoy boots od pumpálení co tard, history and prography cconomic and polita. To dos must be added at pentrul de o che libracy_postra ach a The Times Surrey Ather, the Red K.Vay Cowrid Ado, the Tootos Club Italino i Atlete Internaciowk, and Scielo s pre-mu Hastatury aloxes of paul sebects, and the more competere guide books Meph, to fact, are to be found in many places for motot, Ayers Derectory of Meropead Perkadant octada a map **e i Nord Amaia, od ople of the telephone directoncha od those moed in New Zealand dad acad.co town ploms TO opport map collectioa parental to buyos prober of factors. For geocal world purposes there are the Colombie Lippincode Carte der Cerrupted Dictionary mod the fodern to the large does picha The Ties, the Drindy, od Loada lurret rydopaedias the Enciclopedia beliau. These bowerer se caly focot for pedominary botification of a place, and to make a tam cx there os no ambienty i bol to pronde doul prettetts he those word by the British Onun sortes the United States Nery te Petrament Contents on Googmpbel Nums, ad aber unborative TAT 99

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·DNICTOUIS AXD ANDALS ha dher day the number of men's and directories borotwholomg od tis Do means exsy to clect the best, once the first bosted or so bad Items bere been adered Most subjects at represented by alex two montal which overlap to a great calent in the information they proride do opostodong cumple of this la the bomber of dorectores concerned with the papermly toda which are now being poblabed. Since do broy bable to buy mmab withoat tiotichou detrmenal afect on the fundamlable for the rest of the bookstock-it is Decor Hry to dear very carefully the mal woch bext represents los object from the potet of view of the readers usug that particles Henry Ther, for instrucs, o Hooding a noticed almos the bbructa hasebe choice of at least three weetblkbed publicabons, specime cope of which he most comme with care before denting which be meme co bay As in the case of the selection of pedobcah, it is mwke to experiment too widely to obots parchase, for reden ga xed to particolo persodialar mmmm.. whether it be good or bached the information et offers, and they do not readily appreciate the subctution of a wool work with whose guhy different method of urme mot and content they have to make themere familiz. Duroy the port period hibrarias hore received dem of mory How tmtrakcourse of them coramg wow fields, and others attempting to supersed the ended porttication on popular subject is a great temptation to burnbe to many of chicks, but my atemon of the list of emak tak most be based on a pre- Lockery mercy of the field seady covered. Before mother metal badded on 1 mbject already well represented, it should foot be considered whether there are my sobjects not yet covered which we of particular interest to the loabty or subject-field of the natividual bibrary This is a problem which is more easily rotred in the proraco (where local matria od interea at mually more denly defined) than in London in the case of pobtic bboxies, but to the pooral bibrary I to not likely to prottast my faut scely Ooce therefore it has been deaded which objects must be 101 ·XEM INCI MATIRAL bodies. Additional material of a gazetteet nature can be oburned from gunde books such as the Baedeter and Bloc Guade series, dhe magnificent American Guide scoics, and those issued in particolo localities. To explout maps to the full it as tvise to use as many pectoral devices as possible. Thus, to most important series of mapy indexes are published separately chese can be mounted on card marked wich those maps the library possesses, and some to readers so that they can indicate the map they need by idenafiy mag the inclusive region. Whete modividual index maps arc pot trail able, it is sometimes possible co actueve the cqualene by prorad mg a copy of the general map catalogue of the survey body while this does not always contam udex maps, it will groc al of the maps available, and sometimes give brief amounou. Lis of Act lues of these catalogues ere mduded every year in ob Bibliographie Cartographique Internationale To ensure the fullest exploitation of maps, it is essential that they be adequately classified and listed, and stored in such a form that it is easy to find them and to replace them accuracy Good Lighting space to examine them, and staff who are completely familiar with the system of arranging them, will cable de readers to make thorough use of one of the most attracure and useful features of the modern library Directories and Annuals T THE basis of all good reference work is the expert exploitation of a svell selected collection of yearbooks and directories. I is not sufficient merely to have a good collection of amuals in order to make effective use of them it is necetury to ensure that all members of the staff are familiar with the contents and more vidual method of arrangement. Moreover an expert staff cannot give the best service of the annuals and directones are badly idected. It as the combination of good book selection and good research work which forms the best basis for good reference savcc. 100 ·DNICTOINS AND ANXDALS dia which, for comple, may be a great be in trong the are of in mportant person, die buxory of the developesent of procesa i famn, ache Wustrations and working details of place of outmoded qpment. These file contato moch material wbach b of use tableting details of the social bocory of the period they represent, and even their advertise menn am oftea ridd sed material.ca sacha mubjeco a fashion, redd prices, te whaca rexxch workers will need in the future Those who are sted the Godthall Library in London will hore noticed in the excellent Commeau Library that exch mal bwn nodia posted on 3 Coret sayog that is the arrest bror, and that a mee editica muy be expected on poch-matach a date. This orary betpfal to the reader mod might will be a tended to read scudething like this: This b the current oitoa. A Dor edition published about (ly) and you Previous eticons, ditong from the year (1902) et mulable on spptication to which the bracketed items would ruy with the tactividual ml The analogue cotnes should abo contam information concedatang may pronoumne ca file od may special shelf nurs The shelf-marks of especial mportance, for it is usual to share the mod and remaks outside the main danficado sequence and a post conveniendy near to the entrance to the buy or to the reference department. Where this b donc, it ba food practice to zbetreibem to alphabetical order by the degrada frank word la the code, od to give them a ruong number to waist readers of them od o replacing the gauckly and mody Sotrebbraio groep the yeaboola roughly by bject and then member them in sequence. Thex two methods seem to be apreciated by readers more than an engement la domfied ordet aber separately or a the general xquence of books Neaby should be deployed a dictionary hades of the tada med objects of the intaks, so that reader and core the yaxbooks try wat nobout difficulty 103 ·LEARANCE MATXRIAL represented and which ammals are to cover them, smdmg orders must be placed to ensure that not oditions are recared u soon as they are pablished Care should be taken to secure antable cdraons for instance Ilhitakers Almanack us published in care editions, one of which us an abndged version lacking the Lost three hundred pages of the complete wwe Other amuals are published in boud and unbound paper-covered edincer: doba bound copies should always be bought whereter heary Dose as likch or where previous cdiuous arc filed permanents for reference. A record should be kept of all monakcomuning details of pnce source of supply supplements, and date adios etc new edition is expected to be ready Not all andals are purchased some very valuable nem such as the yearbooks of leamed societies and of professional commercial and mdustrial organization are often presented to the Library They are none the less valuable for that, and are usaally well worth filmg for at least a fent years. Gifts such as thesc, horrever are less casy to Icep track of emce char publicza con us sometimes recorded (if at all) some weeks after astar and copies are sometimes distributed to ubranes well after they have been issued to members. Thus the Hruation cm arise where ! reader will complam that the librarı sul has last years bacon the shelves when he has postrely seco a copy of the new edition in private hands Its not possible to file che previous issues of all annuals ro cared, but the most valuable should certainly be kepe long as there is space to hold them What are the most important items naturally varies with the individual interests of the library md alo-to a certam ertem Th ustiat files are arzulable on Dagbbouring libraries and organizations. By careful co-operation with nearby librana u s posuble to make a scry large number of back files arzilable within a rudrus of a few miles, without any one library s devotmg a disproportionate amome of stackspace to annuals. Although much of the information in the prerious cdigons of yearbooks may be out-of-date of mas have beca priated afresh ma che current issues, there oftca remans mforma Ia ·DIICTDU13 UND ANNUALS te which for ostmple may be of press the mancing the creer of a boportant pence, the bestory of the developericot of a proces or of a furg, as the lardons ood working details of piece of outpoddd cyadpoot These filo corro modo mal hid bow to cablisboog details of the social Horory of the period they itprocet, und eres thet adresse meo coafondlasefal material of such subjects as fashlash reports or blade roerde mockors will need to the future Those who berre vited the Guildhal Libary in London wil bare porced in the artilent Carmperdal Libusy text and omal busa bodo posted on its core symg that to the coret Proc, od that a wahdaa mtoy be aspected on rock-rod coch . dec. This is rory betpfalco the reader, ud mustet well beer tended to read something like thur Theo the current edition A new cdoon pablobed above (4) de geur. Preto cidons, totme from the rex (1002) se matheblic applicznica to which the bracketed items wooldrary with the dividol mural. The catalogue entrees should abo contra a formation copiosa prema tom co fe ad any specul shef marke The batsmart of apocal emportance, for it is salto behre the most wed mobs outide the main desafication Kyocact on a a poder controladly pete to the cursoce to the Abrary or to create kartoe. Where this bs donc, a VI food gazalar to better contin alphabendlader by the spot fone mood to the tale, od to pre tem u rodne ormber to ook reader info tog them todo replacing the quently ad Hendy Some berict proop beer serboob rooplity by Babycam that somber the sequence. These two methods et to be propied by readers more than mengement bakfied ads sither sporney on the gaxdal sequence of books. Neaby should be deplayed a dictionary oda of the and objects of the web, o desseders can scorer tbc razboobbywa wabout diceky ·UBRENCE MATERIAL Some mnoals are published as part of the subscription to the corresponding technical journal. the Petery Gazette looduskond the Electrical Trades Derectory (the blue book of the Electrical Journal) are good samples. In such cases librands map samen times fmd it difficult or impossible to secure a copy of the book without subscribe to the periodical. Whete boch penodical and mnaal ac taken, the core of both periodical med porn book should cach bear a notice drawing attention to the other once the periodical us to some extent a supplement to its yearbook --and vice versa. Once an anmal has been recened and recorded it should be carefully exammed If it as a nete edition of onc already cakes, et should be sodied for the addition of any actr material and the elummation of my standard features, and for any alteradous m arrangement or emphasis. Much of this mformation can osoally be discovered from the preface If the searbook is Betr to the library it should be studied most carefully for each annual bases On sitem of arrangement, abbreviations, symbols and career thanes, and until these have been mastered it cannot be fully cxplared. Whether ner or old, the contents list and the index should be exammed for material whose mdosion cannot decat sarily be expected from the smaal's adc and may not be recorded under a familiar headmg Thus, isto would confidently cxpect the Cathlee Directory to say there a Chinese-sprakmg person cam confess in his on language m England, or the Official Icarbook of the Church of England to gire detailed mformt ton on Queen Annes Borney? Whateret unusual features are discotered should be mdexed by subject in the Reference Deck mformadon file (see pages 70 and 114) atch all eaustants o che department should be reqmred to glance through regularly for netraddicious and alteration. A special watch should be kepe for supplements, lists of addenda and crata, and loose miets, and a Hem manntamed by which none of these u CTIT Orerlooked when the yearbook is being used. If the library is large enough ro be able to subscribe to more than one copy of some of the mort important animals or where amall 194 ·DDICTOB UND UNS drame collects are material breadh libruinrowd to repofle two copies of the atinot maturety Od to be curent ce Librand often rendre requests for de los afbeck oumbo of smak, od the filling of a wood cony will make sexelors to be made about detokout to the core fredas bo sdy co the biberary po keep on file: complex set for refereece. Alany of the more polls subcals por conta bibliom mighter the Skerstom Bork, the Iceland Ecuad The Fulda, et caly roots of the memy owople whide will come spiony to mod Thox bibliographie mpy docong with the catalogar far they often record om Canal or forechpated docam on wlach my bot be Laced deawbere The valor of teepboue directories b por always fully realised the danbod mat of some of the foreggadephone durerenza tre os af Ert more raloc to Libres than the com Decal directood of the corpore concerned, for the Lana so ofen Treu Badable at woogle od te tually tery of oudre Lo the wy de Ax Off char Chad pl in good and u wrote toetzeer of Batoto w moyane could done. But decide rahe of entertails to in the fact that they are the monet of tem of credono uod capestrate. The teach cola of a morated yearbook bin been to pronde bons reader wote mfano which botosabls apart to find conde la corres Cortoped proto odd coconut a thousad and cand pieces of atoms or real browledge. Wica che od of luck pescar oda good messzory the outexting festes nach garbook cabe pored od osed to good adrmtage. Any onlooka who comes to stand a boy recoce dok od bacon for abode that to the one mi be passed to se bow any queria e sotted from a conquiry mll group of ential costs How story tore they could probably be ohned poto gally bad the cooleats of the rematurg mub beca boon to the spot a toronythy? So mach b Exct 10% ·RZEXINCA MATARIAL Some annuals are published as part of the subscription to the correspondmg technical journal. the Rury Gazete lohakal the Electrical Trades Derdery (the "blac bouts of the Electrice Journal) are good examples. In such cases, libraries may some tmas find it difficult or impossible to secure a copy of the year, book without subscribing to the periodical. Wherc boch periodical and annual are taken the core of boch penodical and yearbook should cach bear a notice draning attendon to the other unce the periodical us to some extent a supplement to rts yearbook and vice versa. Once an annual has been received and recorded it should be carefully crammed fit as a new cdraon of one already uka, a should be stodied for the addition of any actr material and the dimmation of any standard features, and for an alterabons arrangement of emphans. Mach of thes mformaron can usually be discovered from the preface If the yearbook is new to the library it should be added most carefully for cach annual hos os onn stem of arrangement, abbreviations, simbols and coco triates, and uncil these have been mastered it cannot be fully cxplosted. Whether DCTV or old, the contents list and the oder should be examined for material whose indusxon cannot decete canly be expected from the annuals elc and may not be recorded under a familiar headmg Thus, who would confidents cxprc the Cockabic Directory to say where a Chmesesprakmg person can confes in his own language m England of the Otural learbook of the Church of England to give detailed mforma tion on Queen Anne s Bounty? Whaterer unusual features are discovered should be indexed by subject m the Reference Dat mformation file (see pages 70 and 114) which all acestands on the department should be reqmred to glance through regularly for net addigons and alterations. A sproval nach should be kept for supplemenes, lists of addenda end enrala, and loose casets, and a spatcr mamcamed brutuch none of these is eter overlooked when the yearbook as being used If the library is large mough to be able to subscribe to more than one copy of some of the more important amnolar atare mall 104 ·DUCTORIT UD AND KIDIC Daox's Rope Popias yet Book Madel Derectory (rather than the Rapbees, whech pro los background" formation) Repte of Narvas POLITICS, ADMINISTLATION AND ICONOMIC Mundopal Year Book Pont Offices of the Vatted Kapdom RAC or ALL Yox Book Scout 1 Year Book turva Lord's Calendu Nadal Alm SOCIOLOGY Anton Chardo Repiter Crockford's decal Directory Debrensa Dute: Peenist Sconjukts 2.0ml Yearbook of the United Nudes Yearbook of the Unireints of the Cosmomrabha STATISTICS Board of Track Antal Statement of the Trade of the Unted Klapdom Central Stradal Offices Armal Abstract of Sarbon Regara-Concraft Statal Review of Englad and Wala TICINOLOGY Icopes Bretocars Year Book Loni od Lockrood's Bodler Price Book Library Amodimoa Yearbook de Corte Bride Drecortes (which bod wefal object bies to comb od that main content and due touen a electoral rolada de la forctory TE ·IZIERENCI MATERIAL of the space of the work of a reference librarian deputado a los Inomg what lies better the couTTI or his most populer books. SOME ESSENTIAL ANNUALS GENERAL Annual Register Whitaker i Almanack Whos Who World Almanac ARMID FOUCIS Air Force List Army List Navy List BOOKS AND PORODICALS Goreniment Publications Consolidated (Annual) Les Library Associadons Subject lada to Plenodicals Newspaper Preis Directory * Willmg: Press Gourde Waters and Arts, Yar Book * Bortish National Bibliography CONNECA Darretory of Director FBI Register of Brush Manufacturers Kellys Directory of Merchmo Mangfacturers and Shupperi Kelly s Post Office Directory of Loulos Post Office Gode Sell's Registered Telegraphic Addresses Stock Exchange Official Year Book Telephone Directonas (both alphabeocal and datafied) + 12by's mod die Suidwest loks bure got aykment, the end med by a blbed weekly ad u Crepusta u Na raluce, we are conduire et 100 ·Dicc207 UDUS UID DocuWdCIL TOUT That It car festara wach ze wel morth camera cb odbaca of Timeros dous cherstem of odesty directors, the protodon of approderies and reabooks, the bduce of preteen od nepretend the general date of school sterl gooood de opning of articles de gouveral Koptexted at the Pretend toy erteleset of us ar geral pobey Encydopaction Deto go wholly out of date and ad e at wil worth loop toc chey ofta metade roda obno kase trated to creat reference boobs Sardoquatus te aperbally compartment for the beographical informe de contra, od often does are the only sources of Eferden of ander figures as fotos de mariage bibaaryb.com conel The mort moportret countries bowerer bare brown muncul dictand of biography - Bertan, the Video Station Arants and New Zeatr mone chose who hrre, tale Soch Aboca and meds are withou ach retable and, and Frace od Garty we only rary slowly oppletocong thes old bogatal diccionada wab sew rata. To dost otroval bota boal duro mot be added my eros Rod cor- COCORE the base of Bonal Researt, for fastext publishes frequent entendidos to the Drakensy of Aded Ett ryoto Do Then there are due cueront beographical reference nots, rach a the national whos whas pamaga, Errotondol, tagabalductions of rotons profor kocal nd commertul and stocol groups anterity and colete teens, boolas, formly bacoda, mod other ne bo Son to these there are mos meraxosomal rocks och Tw! Duy hy dac condod 550 s 17h, and the worlable HW w pubianas Carn Barthy and the Bright bate. More than or entry postes coronloos of os part hos stater for at mobomal bo w was boost dex do Dodake the poor of the cost role od Doo! be rated voice to be content Abrost kanal wade-opecully toon desting with the history of bahridal maris ad apotaska sub o cook nac, opom od societies, toores, s, idade ·UPRINCE NATURAL Encyclopaedias and Biographical Reference Il’orks to unce they not only are a summary of the mformanon on the subject up to the darc nhen that particular entry was revised, bet they often incode short bibliographen the case of the greater Torbs such as the Ersclopedia Italians both these ucms are usually extensive and the references to sources of mformigon cover matemal m many languages. The encyclopaedia therefore sctres put the enquirer on the night Imes for conducting his research but there are certam comnderations which he must keep m mmd If the encyclopaedia us to be of full ose to fum In the first place u is essential to discover the system of arrangement. Most encyclopaedias are nowadays arranged by alphabetical order of sobjecs, though the Oxford Junior Encyclo pardis and the new Dutch ENSIE arc grouped by large subject fields. But even within the alphabetical system of arrangement there are variations. chc Eyrhypendia Britannica and the Etrychium pardia Americana, for mstance and to commuseon loog aruda on a subject and all its ramifications, ishüc the Brackets and the Minkker Prenes follow the syetem of short entries co sprafic subjectA brief test of the treatment of subjects Loona to the reader will soon serve to show which method is followed There is also the queston of the state of revision some encyclopaedias such as Cksmbers s and again the Brockhaus, bare a dear system of numbered editions, cach och edition denoting a chorough retinon of contents. In the case however of the doctors and che Brisarnica, new sacs are publuhed very frequently and there is a process of continuous revision by ntuch a certum proportion of the contents are revised each year the coucydopaedia beng completely revised every ten years or so. In the latet cass, unless the edinous are compared page by page is sometimes difficult so ascertam how recendy an adindual arade has been revised Most librarians would welcome the datng of artros in bey dopaedus wuch follom the prinaple of contopous riston jos ·LOCAL COLLUCTIONS non baporductos filas grow and comparable toda) wadah beformastica become a retiable for a pamber of your Expauty before the scattal abetes and the parvey of the problems of a persoala problem atba greenally or ta redon to podml comode. Thos che But for Laterrestlog Reco rection has been a number of robable report on the social od componic Bracture of some of the los derdoped countio which provide informatica por cooily forrad cember Sets the pobladows of oste od dty government ca be of mort hom local totest the stone bssered by made uutholde o the Land County Counci od sunch Sestes obfoma and New York the USA mendence of that. There is abo. weddpady of maternal stored ochchilly or score officially by otrudes, trade and profesional opgenotions, restand mock sons, tres fonds poco od pomp which are of paramot tomportance to my hibray what ton for the seriods reada to dancora mont of the A caudal do sady to sudloud bibbographies, be morcement the poort schobuty Jons, and the color of the Vatical Atle boder and Public Arion Igordon Setnict, in stoca to the albical that of publictonitor by the mont important goreconote THERE Local Collections trt tery fr pobic litros which are not formed lame kind of bal collection, and way of dhar hare been Tay areally built op mod catalogused so that they ad in their comprehension and again the best special collections to the dean Things t would be for the local collection to co of the most valuable to truda od basa Ex wder ppal ban odbor kartice of the bibrt The fact that relate to the mometers locaulay mulai mique, od te pragonite a local knowledge pro the brim od bis of the opportunity of demorestry Wambe Kred by the plattan of godern bibliographical methods to the documentation of a pech obla ·*UTIARA WATSIAL appear on the Douche valvablc blographical material and are part of beographical resources of the library whiccher it be general spocalist. Official Aublications OFICIAL publicados melhante as the priblications of locale bodies, etcare pot as fully used in the average library as they deserve Thu u partly due to the fact that they oc rudy re newed or even ponced in the press, sad that they are usually wboud so that they do not often open i shelves They often have additional disodranrager sach as the lack of a memorablc ode some imbogaty Oper satural authorship, and other fach pounds which render the difficult to find on any cathos cologue. They are in fact dependent or careful abycat Catalogung for thar fall esplotanda and this they do not altrays receive. Thus mache important stadisoal and other loformioon on current topta la neglected in many library onymg to its appearance in the form of an official publicadou The most valable source of faustical informacion for almost ay library as the vut seties of publicznomu umed by ma oma national governant. the publications of departments derling with rich subjecu u trude, isticulture, ctssoms and cxax, labour eten are particularly useful here whole thare of meas odber departaco auch a education, persas cerritories, beach, ctn may also include mportaat historical and copological information In addition, gorritmous are publishers of maps and plans, guides, munum and art gallery catalogues, public records of forma amacs, official diplomatic and usde documents sromg moch light on the battory of the councy and autoserou practical leaflets o and subjects u crops, macunary modent and fire prevention, etc The publicstatus of lacertuitional bodiet sach as the United Napons and los agence World Health Organizzano Food and Agnelore Orgmutaon, UNESCO etc. che batera utal Labour Office, the International Court of Justice, etcm sc of ·ASTUCTS AND TYDEX b basf that boobce of pardy out of de before they at fooled. The act of boorledge to my field case thee of the contro ned the books one subject plus the pestatical modo whate bort bema published at the latest boot was vote for porta il made was thorog bly indeed des Acould be donered by bjes pret there would be Do Tay Breast dusicalym pronto accurate mfatuation most subjects Icomfortate that the portion at the match is ** graforrados durs, and that here are few shape of any grett TOTEXTE dhe pear future There are few countries which poblish aders to che porod als, ad ducere are more which comes all the formals moed te their tastory The Vosted Soutes to the mon traced the bdcomparto periodhaal donks to the HW Wiban Cosmpany thrte et tro foeral odkrbe Rondos Calle Paledad Lory Dre and the firm bedand.mtomber of doce ponticed indenectos de Bob Singonlar bundant, the Edicos.com indo, do Inter, etc. Londition, there are two important de pondent odexes the Enginecray Londes (whochotoddbud sort Buat be undos) and the magnifica Avlic Affars bosforestier Sorrice. All of thoxe et pottahed at frequent morral od tre coded to cald, most cash cando-tomal rolame La Dram there be Licry Asocpoods Stoot het b Printed wide os quarterly plement, cod Canada, Austria od Sauda Asa J bare odsa to the Wort isoportant pecadele Sweden, Germany Spea ooda tomber of other Evropietat conto bare good permofica ndoa, bot in cocmon with the USA and Bean, hor e of these coco Bendy coren dos prodalost of her og # a fortunate dat in many procesom od industria there is adboalben the strpecadeseamdeborse which wolly borte strettoral COTINE Chanded start Fet Ahmet Social Score About Cord Motor Litor od linn Hrar re song that seems tokes whida bozzedistchy poons to made this correction. The stated mury of course rey mode: hoe om bord tidade de Litet u do

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·FOTO CATOCOLS AND butocu boob molt rom footab to pod mode of the food and of boobs both the best does not posse. To nakucha web hovera parachlodomory of the process, for it fire the bessere paat tu che lodinda heory to te cely round of reformation for wreeds la these days of med pard mod of highly derdloped Hores cooperacion Do Hay bebe de remote for movaber, od the oak odbibliograpbowlihepiberader both po skonfr se real whách befode mort likely to be of de to him and w boodhma boboning. Therdonofocado of metroul pla fa ode of the collants ofreaders adpory wokado be door fort before my trept o mode to mpomide om There are moltoparlant celgoes white should be of the mod of all be the macet peculood bitrzas dos odode be danes pret mul acelor those of the Borsa Alacam, de Bibliothèque Neoneli, od the Library of Coorrond de landen braty analopor od the post effort boxed princip dy co the colladers of the London School of Economatica olpowas de Loyzky of the Sold Solano Sports Libliograpleet te abio of the greatest mportance Roar dy me based on spert koorledge of pedulur fiod of focordon d fic record seas ligad dowbat de They here the head of fregueur iplerents may a. The followmegbarnadas cke poroscopal bubbiograpboemd calogues tan the man best friech, od many more specialized at food each year to be Different bales poblished by the # Wilson Compas HOJOMT AND TOLOGI Road Bhosty of Ptolosophy Basebology and Cogout Subjects Psydbolopal Abonnets B.Blogboe de la Pelorophie Di Wildsbury Amber Cralogues des to Theologol arda barbod Fordea Bible Soory Historaal Cozloga ·RIPARINCA MATIXIAL periodical artdes, some are written by the uthor themselves and others by professional abstractors, some are issued by profer sional bodies and others by commercial egenac sordc One items m foreign languages, and some avaid overlapping with other services. Orlate there has been a tendency to try to climita ate duplication of effort and thas to find space for extending the field covered, but even so much material remans mndexed Thus it is possible for mstance, for important artides to appear in such fugitive media as house journals and newsletterstems not often mcluded in the standard anderes. Most libracics therefore find it accessary wherever they are attempting to cover a specific subject field thoroughly struct their own mdexes of material not included in the standard indexes, and also to make temporary mdex entries for important topical items until they appear m the latter To ensure adequate assistance to readers it is therefore important to see that all penodical indexes relating to the subjects in which the library incerested are taken, and then to make a survey of those period. icals wbuch are not indexed and decide which should be covered by the library s own index. In doing so it is well worth addig entre for penodicals not taken by the library if they are available m sogencarby library to which readers are likely to be able to obtam 20cess: and this ma turn may wrote the action of a jomt scheme with naghborumg libraries with the same interests by which us lange a number of periodicals as possible as mbarribed md any traccesary duplication of the less important aemus is climinated. Such a scheme will naturally embrace such points as the loan and copymg of periodxal artides, the exchange of index catrics, and the retendon and bandmg of past issues to cor- TH Catalogues and Bibliographies "HB smaller che library the more necessary it is to bave a good selection of the catalogues of other libraries and of the chucf bliographies. This would appear to be sometrhat peradardeal first night for, when there is little money for the purchase of 114 ·CATALOGOTS AND DUOCIAIS boobr wollen footista to spead moch of the food on lit albooks where the hbory do not pace. To make medias Dolab borcret porachlead morty of the pract 4, for e fers from the crow newport that the sandal library the only xotict of toformation for its readers to the days of tid tard od of boughts derdloped bibeurs cooperation to Aberry o the note spoort for os membols, sad the provision of culegend bibliographtes mill help cheronder boch ro sconfy atap boca be feels mos hoy to be of stse to boost med wabolizem oberomg The identification of matroalbmo ha ac of the essentials of readers diary fork md moet be deox funt before my titoopt b made to tap cuande EL The # xtacalmportant catalogue what should be part of the cock of all borde most apocabuod liber thac mdole Hoe date formacional catalogas-tbox of de Broooh Alacant dhe Dibbocbdque Nationals, cad the Library of Coupood the loodan Library catalogue and the fount effort based postop- By cathe collection of the London School of Economo which Bbom od Load Dynghy of obes Sacial Sciences Spectator bibliographoes It abo of the greatest booportet mc day at bowed on appert koowledge of particular fields of formou mod after record Torus lored powered. They bere be addetonaladrotege of frequent supplements to may cover. Toe following bandados de atidarpal bibliograpboo ood Balogues tan da mu object fides, and try more specalused we listed and your on the Bibbynnir buts published by the HV Weron Compety TEOSOT AXD TOLOOT Rond Bibbography of Philosophy Podbology and Cognate Subjects Probologlal Abatants Bibliographic de la Philosophose Ds Willams Licey bueber Counter Anda to Tocological Anido Attobal Ford Mille Soory Historial Catalogue TI ·BILINCA HATARIAL SOCIOLOGY The London Bibliography of the Social Samnces Public Affairs Information Service Population Index Poragn Affairs Bibliography Index to Legal Periodicals Education Indar Nauonal Union of Teachers Library Catalogue Education Abstracts Samce Library SCIANCE AND TECRNOLOGY Bibliographues New York Public Library New Technical Books Technical Book Reviety Index ASLIB Book List Machematical Revietes Chemical Abstracts Bibliography of Metcorological Literature Battellc Techmcal Review Biological Abstracts Brosh Muscum (Natural History) Catalogue Zoologal Record Lodex Ketvenses Nomenclator Zoologico Industrial Art Index Engineering lodex Current List of Medical Literature Catalogue of Lewiss Medical Sachfic and Technical Lead mg Library Saence Abstracts Inder Acronauticus Agricultural Indes Bibliography of Agriculture Internacional Lastitute of Agriculture. Classified Catalogue Royal Horticultural Soacty The Loodley Library 116 ·CATALOCUIS AXD HILDOLNA) FII ARTI Art ladas A Bibiography of the History of British Art Royal Lot of Brah Ardureck Cologue Hler. Bibliography of Costume Nuoc Larre ALA Portrat hdot Photo de Abastos Alcatra od Rottel fogar Lihto Liberty of Compra Film bado XDACI AND LRT lada Tramidonum Linguabc Bibbogmpby, Crom Bibbographral Goude to English Scordia Sequeba Fiction luda Fiction Colog The Yeas Work in Mokro Lignage Soodies The Cambodge Bibbiography of English Lotektore Anmbs of English Literature The Year: Wak in English Static Aqual Waliogopty of English Legorre mod Literatust Granger bode to Poetry and Recreasons The Player 1 Libohy Fil bades Plays The Play bodas Lopa od Ye Mooy la laders to Cura Play Fin da to poct Stories The Ency od Cornel Leerladex Korner Paboratches Handtuch des deutschen Laoce. Mood Dittographique de L Latiture Fomçados Ilocker Cibeon A Coral Bibliography of Freedte literature IDY ·MINCI MATRIAL Talrart and Place. Bibliographie des Auteurs Alodernes Naun s Clascal Hand-list L Année Philologquc Seymour Smith. The Cloga in Translation GEOGRAPHY HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY Wnght and Platt. Aids to Geographical Research Car Reference Gunde to the Literature of Travel Bibliographie Cartographique Internationale Bibliograpłac Géographique Internationale Dutcher Gurde to Histoncal Literature Helps for Students of History Hyamson. Dictionary of wartersal brography laternational Bibiography of Historical Literature Annual Bulletin of Historical Literature Bibliography of Brush History Riches Analytical Bibliography of Uarterul Collecta biography Biography Index Royal Empire Soacty Subject Catalogue Conclusion T: "HE work of assustng the reader s largely a matter of commonsense coupled with a detaled and comprehenure Inontedge of books and human affairs. It is a knd of social STRICT and attracts many librarians who see on it a means of puttmg to good use the cxperience they have gained from a life long #ady of printed muctual. It us mfortunate that it rarely offers a carter tith prosperts as good as those ntach are to be found on the administratrie branches of librarianship In fact, for mang librarians the work of asastance to readers must remain a short stage only in their progtes conards deputy and curf postroms. For those however abo are able to find posts in adre Org nork wuch are sufficiently used pard to enable them to contoue mdefiards on chaus branch of librarınlup here of the guarantee of a life whose microos are mfinud vaned and ·COXCLUSION Ennetame od ooc bo which the sto faction to be guard from besar, abendahan present The box Hot of bourg for adnosary macho mdoabtedly chat wlach fira de restent cooedarable aparece to many for brancos of litoraastop before be embark on the tak of corong readas. Thos a votant to bas spent motane me to comfyng and colorong books, m crng on the govori rock rocboch central and branch Lubrines, cod wbo ho had some expedience a specula merant * well as public Erary art comes to the job of strong readers with that feat lity of mondod anderstrading of the resources nailable which *No creia o microfid work h addition, aperience roo field omde biberedamtop-teaching commerce, ndoney or dir mai caderas additional breadth of oorlook dealng with readers wbo te podba brutan bor bookinn. Finally a red asstract bodd hotels Campoos beland borbe i his sortie part of his trucamy salto do ad common still to ok, bemil pot be free to the some of his court tore be wide reados aod in abog part in oude worse which a pood rodos atriser will look automatically da Pastirps it ts best Dox to decide too soon on a creer orada zdraer arraroot Hrum, ba rabe to choose breastup bio general and to study from the ide the mtory diffcrcor cree now offen before forally outing sound to the United Sixto bere ba mada dovet int between hibro and booktops than a Baron American Literary and boobches here pach the same trongd tar problems from ouch the stoc mangle. La che pot of aromaders dey toogmore that the poor problems face boda type of boobne. The sono diferent in Dreamh a dhe most of demogreden, oradcool be donc to take conta con trong hoce would fit te o for bock type of moc od the colore what u the Rooit archer comte Gith free fondatorird Streformado niemce to ideally is it is reakable bow often people care try from their berary efied ar treh wich bakedog a one-of-date information 19 ·UFARANCI NATIUAL Part of the fault lies in the understaffing of essendal department: even now there are reference libranes m this country which are umgupervised, and there are special librane m the charge of office derke. The partimonioms uttude of the town comcil tacto baggles over swable school buildings and attracure parta is reflected m out-of-date poorly furnished libraries and ill-cocked shelves. The same firm which will spend thousands of pomes on publicity will make do wuh last year s directory and thus sood expensive samples to the wrong addresses. The same type of attitude o responsible too for the entramed staff which tres to сорс with difficult queries, and for the overworked librarian prbo thes to do many kmds of work wuh one pair of hands. The essential requirements of a library are two, and they are mterdependent: books od librarians. A first-class collection of prmted material is essential, but it does not become a library to It is on the capable hands of experienced librarians. Only then do the full resources of the material become available to the majority of its readers. On the other hand, a well-tramed body of libranams us wasted if the collection of books is inadequate. I b true, however to say that a well-tramed Librarian can do more with a small well-chosen bookstock than an skilled librarian can do with one many amos larger Bum order to do so the librarian and his staff must not be hampered by too much routme work- gtuation which is bound to occur if the staff is too small to cope with everyday routine La most libraries today it is unfortunately true that the Libruman and has staff urc Overtvorked and that the routme sedouły hampering the work of the libraries. Where che is the case, the routme should be so arranged that the readers adviser left as free us possible of any dates outode his own particular job. Thus may mean cuttmg dom routme duna m general, but there is still room for considerable pruning in the amount of records mamtaned by many libranes, and a survey of the prescar-day becestry for each individual process will certamly repay the amo gica spent on it. The work of assistance to readers us not one which ml crer LO ·CONCLUSIOX pradade lage sonstig, is properly canded out. La jo wach requier mod detailed patient thought and started Soch wat will not show much increase in statssecal maloos yeu Boer year, bero roth cam perhaps be merred to some extent by po letess of appreciation, the offea of reciprocal bepand de gritos of boats and other material which good strony wock Con Gum tome to the Such wat property carried out allows baletme for muhtes, and get the roots of ich stety at laraluablc Wherera por sik, ample records should be moartaised of the type of quest ions, the door aakra mbaling them, and the forces a failore bere egoery loco fere med fort pages se rod 60) the maternal bakeahy aralable and beats only straple maly. There should be arcfolly scaded to decorer wbere te kod may usefully be watended to swerwach quercions and requirements in the future, od what ouide popuca bare been discovered to bold raluable metaal wbich may be ned on odber Occanons. Soch analysis mort Brothy conducted only in the readers atroets band long after the days wakis fonsbed, best chors will mcm that by rtdoo of the may sacreeting cromo morate that was of toportance bus been forgotten meurtota Hlour bikexamens bo bare take part in abc work of advising that randers will be come to the coucheca that most of their readers Deeda brit me somewhere is cher own or their beplotus libera. The difficult to for has been to fod Out whicre chrs infocent to be found, md xcondly to discover this route quality cough for the purpose for which the reader weet L. At the moment, whake it a fauly easy to tond down a copy of my fatally well-known book, or to food a book on sy fotely popular sobjets, the machinery fa trong the de book od the webnom mbject toate combersome. The prone system of medlom a mapptio su to a bibeny s request for much books or cubjects bes, es etery Librarim bors to be cost, outwa look after the reader hos obtained the formation he requestes from morbet pource. The ora doon of the ASLIB Directory and the nobject-ode of the LI ·HEPBRENCO MATERIAL 1954-55 cdiaon of the Little Art Galleries and links Ice Book gire moch gudance to those seeking mformation on speaalut collections, but there will cemam the need for further detailed analysis of resources such as vanou specialist groups are carrying out in their own fields. Secondly it is necesary to maile a nadon-mide effort to persuade che many fone spraalist libraries who remam outside the national interloan scheme to come mio it od trengthen this remarkable shem by makmg there sources available to research m general. This would aprh also to those public libranes which have not recorded their reference library stocks in the regional analogues. Only when these two objects have becoachuered will it be posable to give what should bean everyday scrucem Briaun that is, a definite annotathm three days as to whether any particular boot, pamphlet or periodical is available anyutere in the British Isles Again, there are some parts of the country where no great library service u available withm fifty or a hundred mules or more. Here is a case where one of the county library headquarters or regional branches or ope of the larger public Library service should be specially developed by co-operacion to meet socha need, in soc dajz erez Whez no great space is at bond for expansion, it is possible to provide all the resources represented by the entries in Winchell 10 a comparatrey mall area by means of microfilm and microcards. When this kind of develop mentos seriouly undertaken it will at last be feasible to provde what the nght of every atzen direct accets to a library service embracing crery type of library in the country ind worthry of the time i wluch we live A Short Reading Course T HIS is one of the move fasanang subjects in the atole of librarunship, and it is well worth redag more extragrely on the vanous aspects of assistance to readers in the rest amount of profesyonal Literature now avulable. Most of the nearest Ideas and suggestions first appear in the profesgonal periodicals, and the several journals cach prat a number of features and original 122 ·& SKOIT ILDIKC COURSE anda wach belp to keep aoe abreast of the carett trends of thought and policy The Adid List will ar be dexext to the bearts of all Batoh bilan bo bare era pot part of tharcay walog years dome the mowme od bendron jobs such a fajor auntbort but coderate whole be leans the fundamental of brandstop. A place the vogla the long file of this periodical-corernas Koefifty years or more on the derdopera of modern of Ideal the profonon, for roda teen embody may the proces sages of man who here ince become leaders on the profeseca. Though the jommal bas had blom pero ob remarkable for pertence in publicznog den what were only quote sorty opard by Bitontoshop and in proxy achinace to the younger hautams to Ponce the optaron Since it embockes the more cothusiaste trends of Inbrariador done who are the trouble to sploro paxt bars and to keep a Te ou la curent combers cantos fail to gafa any food bent which am be perto good man brosting readers La adiciona to the manay Doporrant and cochoctotre adidas on this mbject which appear in the Library Aondation Record special attention should be pard com regular feature of mitoch pal.county mienky od peculibrary developcorntu w toch It fel of bepal bones o pabbiaty md rock mah rendert, ELF w Brroa 1 moathl; coloca o che second to the Blow Book 1 percepce of the or senolong arabadons to modern libotry formation and helps to keep the to date with rectat dardloproces od poodard prardet. Strularly the Tory carefal stemmes of Anal Reports Beste back over many yen on the Liney Irlandfally COOTCJ de conrm food bs may libra to the problema wtich affect moe syrom The Liczy Reciev on the aber hood, miks i demairt contrbotice so bruciatohp te los brontek spprosce od its close attention to keerators, word pia fera trido from the pomt of new of the reader and ho sbe Vie Sata da wefel periodical from the point the immune ·tuatu mate Bhawa PA apoi ty white MOHL ALADDU Itutub Owl state preab My ht PORTSMOUTH UBRARIES AND MUSEUMS buluna Mbetes me posthan - Intoeruro ACTIVITIES NUCLES AND ART GALLERES MOULATION المعه لم لسمعا Astucht ho outy FOR CHILHO my They say CENTRUL CLA 11 AUTISTA O TUTIR FL COSTA u Hບ MCRTH ETR Logo TI PAULSLOTT, A TO MULTON WR JN4 novida CELLANO HOUSE ADT CALITY Laiwa ime to Fix 14. Mwachiro y de cale fumy a con de The Like a luce Deputy loy * arme El Corredor bet's putty mot, indi Woh Alok N Lakt ·STORT LADOXG COUNT of nor of the book is the liten litery Ballewn which has the po strantage of beng ray well thornted and ray often fire des photographs of playede habertsols, together wich Het doorsods or ser og beskev reda sdroca. The ALA Dolby Pro bat bant og sturen gadgets and caps, and she looks abo full of informadon on new traican nd mainlands md again barally ratke for illata ferme vbidios mafortunately abomman Brione profesional literature La rent years important mitu kuas been upeiongo pemenal ad booke Journal, co the La Fres and Ausu (che Street Dose age of the County Library korte of Lonkluste Scotland) - Botto, md the call firelt L and the PL et florishly desired joreal of Rengoa Red) the United Soxta These peaohaab te well worth camng for they hare a ton formal approach and stre free fly to maxles and developer Te box way to keep up to date with the wealth of taforuth tion recome a parodial fora a co read regularly the Library 400otos hable Lay Soxenor Abstracts, ortoch mlmm maternal servey of profesoral droprocter and actrita Acruzove shaoa włach card that the Interested reader Panahong of importance Nor should the comprebeante H W Wabco Compras mdex Litery Litere be orar looked: aadi artide bardaron a short term fois of war creat suportance (part from canly ble bretotere be English booth od plence through its colors in acte quarterly one will coca de comerte woch sting me of mater to che librain Oba modo m Special Lorrie Uhrey Trendt, Litery Qursonty Joe, and the Succhero Hofort Bext nem Formde fross to the Tery befo oformapoo for bibrum 62570 m fexton md raders doory work ben habe DCTE el pesebab we loved mader the propriate sobjectbertos the Redlas Goku w or be born sa lukes, the subjects falar Parital Ati Afers brucia Sarie, oderen n the Exploring balat Dad the ·REPBLANC. MATERIAL Business Periodicals Index. With such areful mdoung available nowadays, sources for new ideas and inspiradon are always at hand The literature in book form on this subject is fully lotem cach wsue of the Library Association Yearbook of which every libranan should possess a personal copy An important feature of this annual is the descnption of content Library Co-operation Special mention must however be made of three notable books on the subject Philip Hopworth a Assistere to Readers (zad eda Association of Assistant Librarians 1956 new edition in prepara bon) which is a thorough summary of readers advisory work from the polat of view of the Library Association scamination m this field and DJ Posketts Assistance to readers in kending librarles (London, James Clarke, 1992) which is based on practical experience in one of the best branch libranes in the East of London, and his Information service in libraries (London, Crosby Lockwood, 1958) bosh of which embody much sound and simulatmg thought But the librarian should not stop here many libranes are saffaendy public-sprited to arculate freely their annual reports and bulletms to acher systems Each item received should be carefully examined, dess nored, and the materialiocf filed away for future reference. A good collection of library publicity material of the kind us a livmg tabook of librarianship which is more up to date and thoroach than the best textbooks on possibly be. Here too are to be found photographs, dugrams and ilustradors much never reach all the members of the profession who would be interested in their This is headed a reading course but there is one pont which must be added if the best advantage is to be made of the readmg recommended. That is, that as many vists us posuble should be pad to other libraries of all kinds and to the profet podal meetings held under the auspices of the various professonal assocation. The interchange of ideas is the lifeblood of the profetuon and no libranan can put a library-whether it be good or bad or take part in a professional meeting without leammg somethng which will later stand hiro n good dead. 126 ·Index Alicaa, 11+14 More Honou, 16, 11 ALL strica hebrale, il Abtory work storoch, Allende, nm, 11 au huis Am لورا را porphlet bibbogrębice, 291 periodo doces, yes 1114 pedalbfects, efect bo, 19 Burtarma wula, N hrubber Woche 3! Boot buckets, Book place by ang ati con bica, Bookba Lens 347 bal 17 lhalla, pedalect, Adanctores, th podata, cechem. 95 Admaats, in pody 15+ Lobortion brocco Booked gode 7, 213 Indon, SC Irekog organa A vec pelbontion, * you. IT W,113 Barta, Lorry 447 Conc, 141 tol, 37 pobryst di Dr. berpuan , Archton ASU, Agordon, ruhsat Anda dan Lor 17 Celfie drie is Cory El 34 Cariche, Cociloges gelte, ats Colores, is lemn Charlerde, LP L, IL, K Guru, Our Dook Wrest toukokuu, 21, blynaptial , Aurion, cropulito, ni Aglutpatien, 11 Lirurg cela, 114 3 antarla, is 11 atlege, 1) res donks, ·INDEX Children s Hondenou lectureh, 94 White 4 Chric taformatica bureau, 111) Culfados, Book, 11 13 Canbartha Dembers on books, Commacal Horarla, 16 Co-operatiobetweea Ibraries, 7 114 Copytes of datarul 11 78 Correspoodenos 4 County Libraries Section of the Library Allocation, 37 Croydon puble Hbraries, 40 41 Gurettetrs, 104, 105 Guyon pablic Ibrarien yt Glooctaet dty Iibrarien j! Goreninent publication, 11 T. Gramopbone record Ubruken, 16 Guildos, I-XVH atalogues, 13 5 cikta librorles, it netfication, 11 12 landing Ubrantes, 10 perlodial departarats, 1418 reference Threrla, 10-11 Guldhan library 103 11.lar poble Ubrarlen 4 41 Handbooks, Library j'+ catalogues, ?) duttiation, 7t compibtloo, JI coot 3? 33 pational 34 Departments, 4 16 Dekk formation file, 63 71 il Directories, me Amenali mod direct orios Durplay, 16-11 chota of abject 16-17 dust jacketh 11 material uit 16-21 ope-book ohibith, 18 19 policy 17-18 ponponke 17 recent ddoos, 13 rootte, 19 Atto, 1119 stalt recommendations, 20 troughs, 19 9,17 Decodom Dort lachets, 13 Hepworth, Philip, 126 History sobotalkool, 43 Folkday toformation buthe, 13 14 Hortney public Libraries st. lomors of opentoc. 49 Hool of Common Library publika tlon, jt Ecda pehle Hbraria, 674 En lb Margaret Et foryclopaedias, el Enghub-logo pubblations bibliographien 21 Enqotries, s Exhibitions, 17 Exploitation of resources, IT Thestrations preparation for the prems. cikal fike 73 Laformation beresel, 13 14 Information Sky 21 It 114 Instruction to others Actubs 93 children, 11 21 8171 baterleading of patcrial 77 1111 batera dute ubratles, 16 37 atalogues, 13 chandication, 21 budbooks, 34 baterudovi orolathope publications, les Jwalor libraries, warto. Ubrze riad Adolescent borrice Fiction, do Peter Baba, 40 Fockett, DJ, 126 128 ·DIDIK 45 tinct Wracy 115 HELIH Herbert foros, Wesortin akradhe, 5 He brala faktong. laletron, Nacho Book Les 7 Letirnban Recorded books, National Cutnl Leery T. Linole Hecks Meron displays Later of books, Apper lila, II Lemandl, 11) Arapper pablecky 47 Lander Rempaper rooms orders, it howich pobbc kbroses, 40, 4 Lbona Koch, 24, 45 aductor, 1 desto od Lory. HS ator, 3.45 Ubrary Location, 37 11 Interol, Autochton a don Libor unt Ceny Liber Seson, JI mpetition, r me Indice Mar, 113 troet, Lory boekbe beletes, 49 word in Lorry about this Horny book, 31-4 or the record 1 Lrary, 15 dalla, Lorry lector, biogoplus, 11, 3 Lubrey Laron, 115 Odide rol, 5, 4757 Ltrgy rely 15 Ona boob motion, in Lewi1 Leg de derd, 115 hoopblet bibliographies, ir Lh25 Le 113 Pepeslab, 11 ceni, 43 cor, 5 Loddsodda, 47 Leal coach, departono 415.5 re Lol pomoc la, f. 31 Mar 15 Mitolog , 4 GB Lorry ndomsty, 41 Lindon nrg it Water public brein, se dulation patta, 1 Lo Dasty comic boblebbarin Lucy. recia bhroles, netik, 35 MCL 11 Law, 129 ·INDEX Children 1 Librarlo Guretteet, yt 10, its kertenth A Gligow poklic Itbrarles Il VH Gloucester city bbreries, it are blomstkoa bureau 13 13 Garenmeat pakications, i5 11. Chudhathon, Book, 21 22 Gramopbove record labrarken 16 Ciudfcatlon mobert on books, Guldhi rrr! Commercial libraria, 16 ulogues 23 $ Co-operation between Hbrarla, 77-8 chieben bruin, is viation, 11 21 Copying ootab 11 71 kending Dibraries, 6-10 Correspondence 4 periodicale departments, 14 15 County Libraries Section of the reference Haarles, I-1 Library Asociation, 37 Guildhall brairy 15 Crogrckan pabile Ibrazker, 40 41 ILlular pobic librarles, 4. 41 Department, 416 Hydbooks Library 31-4 Deal Laforonation file ] 71 114 atalogues 2) Directorla x Amal mod direct dodak, 3i orla comptation ) Deploys 16-21 Cacatij?] choice of tabtect 16-17 ruatlonul, 34 durt jucketh 16 Horrorth, Phillip 116 material, 13-11 10-21 HlRory umotadors, 43 ope-book exhibits, 18 19 Holiday Information bureaat 11-14 polley 17-18 Hormy public hibraries, sho perpone 1 Hour of oprati, recent additions, 17 Home of Common Library public rootboe, 19 tlon, j top 18 19 sa recompendation, Alustrations trooptos, y preparation for the poor, so Tertical 6k ) Doophan, IVHU Inf netton burritx, 13 14 Dort feket, 11 boformtion fake) 71 11 114 bauruction wore of Libraries Eccla pobllc bbmurkes, 674 Egm, Alb Alergaret E mit childurta, 11 13 $141 Encycloperlig toly Interland of material, n 1213 Eglasb-Lagre publications boicoedlut. bartes, 16 11 Erbliographies, is atalgoes, 23 Eppdrich S. dification, 21 Exhibition, 17 headbooks, J4 Explotatka ortoureti, m Latetistlul organisation pihentions, tie- Fiction, 1. bacher fobo, 4. jelor Libraries, want libre Foukett D. J., 126 rki Adolecent Lines typer, 17 کرو اليمه ·INDII Le Daten 44 Halt Herberto Foto 1 haddodh Huk og ubre cokey 15 Lacba, hann books hyd, Lohberly Lokak, 11) Narlo Deok Lepec 16 A Nedeo Con Lly to Men hoe ?) Herpper fin, 11 na Herppa picy 47 Nappe roen, 415 Moraida pobie brachen 44 4 Morloch 5 podkrovt, 441 atel. 41 laton, Intertot der 2 in 3-) Ultry Amanda, uz 1 Ayodhados A La reproduct ret wanth Coute Secte, 17 y deciso ty Lohury holawet 47 Lyonlapon Postbus th, JH4 Urary 15 bory che, 113 Ureyits 11 Ley de hoy Lens "Od the ran 23 OBaloconcu, 110-1 Mitocrap, 11, JI Dood romero, 57, 6.754 O boob sotiens, Prophet water pum, 143 peth 1H3 forlodal, 1 ? 3 pertrati, in Lalu ben) Loolt Lo + 12 the 15 Muitogor, 41 Milor, M 25 Pro Hetta palce brate, sh contratty hry na lor toll,73 XL 11 اس عماد ·INDIX Retallo Read, nos Remoonil olboob from quart, 11 Reserve Rock, Londo) reference 10-15 Recrued boola sotkeen, in Raourts outside Thrules, 5-6, Portemooth public libraries, 114 Preme pablketty 47 Printed outta 41.51 cooudersdoes, 417 stimata, 47-50 Merthoch, 50-51 prepention for the preso routine coptenti, $1 pechoutkou, 49 type, 50 Pogodolog ennotatione, 41 Publlc informaatioa burent, 13 14 Publidty 454 exhibition 47 Ubrary activities, 124 local morph 3 46 PT 47 Icferec Libreria, 12 abop wodowe, 1847 treet, ) tekpbone directoriel, 46 Pablished ude, az nyilst Returned boolu letter bogs Royal Geographial Society Ubrary poblloulins, Royal borde of Brlebek Architetti library poblation, 19 Sutopkes 73 Schepce moothom, 43) Sequrace of books, 11 Setilab, 11 12 14 15 331 Dhe field atty Hororles, de 11 Shell gelating 7- 111 Sher, Jem IL. IT Stop władow publichy 47 Renders Adret 544 arter, 113 classification Adder, 11 dok 54 5 dotich SS3 published abck, 21 11 j1 qualide 56 responsabilidt, 554 telepbone, 54 5 triang 119 Reader equiries, 61 71 Reading courie, 1916 Recent soit loon dioplaya, 19 IH,467 Records, 121 Reference books, it caminatag, 12 ) bostruction to 13 Reference Libraria, 11 viitti, ens Referent method, 61 71 Regletration fortos, J Regulations, 19 445 Region oroloon, 41 terdal, 3-4 benals portio, Pre of books, 11 Sociology mosotthoor, 41 Special Iberies, 76 Srdelle, 135 Special Libretler Association, 76 Speclatit coqubria, yo 1112 Sall Information burtu 13 lecture and talks, 41 Sancho Ilufwer Brot want t25 Streptom W. . Sortet motion 14 subject indeats, an Subject lista, Library 35 Share pe lotion, 774 Tape recorder 19 Technal Mbreriei, 16 Tecnology otthoph 413 Telephone directeuther, 1.5 publicity 46 roboco lucios 130

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