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·R E PORT
OF
A COMVITEL TOR TIC INVESTIGATION
OF THE
VVFF
COAL AND MINERAL RESOURCES“UX INDIA,
1
FOR MAY, 1845.
BY THIC SECRETARY.
CALCUTTA:
15. RIDSDALF, BCXGAL MILITARY ORPLAN PRESS
1816.

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·CONTENTS I Proccedings of Government 28th December 1836, Resolution, and List of Committee V Introduction exlibiting the operations and expenditure of the Commutteo from the commencoment to January 1815 Page 100 Difference of Level in India Coal Fields accessibility and distribution of Coal throughout India Lage 103 Assam, Upper and Lower Page 121 Brown Coal of harribar Pago 122 Sfllet Coal Districts. l'age 128 Arrahan. Page 137 Tenaserım or Mergue Coal Districts Page 146 Cuttack, or Orissa Pago 147 Burdwan T'ago 152 Adj. Lago 154 Rajmehal. Page 157 Palamos Page 170 Central Districts. Tago 173 Nerbudda Pago 179 Cutch Pago 181 Continuation of the Table of Analysis of Indian Coals. l'ago 182 General Maps and Sections of the Coal Beds of India.

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·GENERAL PROCEEDINGS, The 28th December, 1836, Tiesolution Tuc growing inportance of the line of Iron Steamers established for comnunication letneen Calcutta and Allahabad, renders it essential to consider again the means of providing Coal for their use. At present the Mines of Burdsin present the only resource avulable for the entire demand of tlus Presidency, and their proluce reaches Calcutta by an uncertain and difficult navigation down the Dumoodhar, a mountain torrent which, for more than half the year, is entirely closed. During that period the Coal remains in Depots at Arnpta, whence it is forwarded into the Hoogley nyor in different craft from that in which it was brought to Ampta as required. The Depots along tho Ganges are now uniformly supplied from thus source and are hence subject to all the uncertunts of the navigation of the Damoodur, and in case the demand for Conl at the Presidency should be more active at any timo than was expected the Depots at Ampta nro exhaustal, and the whole supply of the capital anl of the interior is at a stand until tlic Damoolur is agus fillel on the setting in of the rainy season. Tlus difficulty actually occorrel in the past season, an l great disyy pointment was acconlingly crperienced in the upper stations of the Ganges in particular, aluch did not receive the supplies for their Depots till long after they were requiral Such accidents will le occurring constantly as the incuitable consequence of the cntirc supply of Coal being drawn as at present from one apot. Thc Gosernment, however, lius knowledge of other Vines in ririous parts of the territory of this Press lency more contenestly situated than the Bundesast Vues for the purposes of Steam Aavigation, and thic Governor of Bengal cannot beliese that means may not be found of Iringing these resources also into play The subject has heretoforc attracted the attention of Government, an ! indivdnals lase from time to time been dley itou to search for Cual in different quarters, and their reports have been recordel slowing thur enquiries to have been atten led with vanous succese When these enquiries were ordered tlic sulject la l not the same importancc as st how possesses, un 1 r the assurance of success to the pject of narrating the Guges estensirely with Iron Steamers of small draught, and the results of the scrural coquries harc A ·ii GENERAL PROCEEDINGS. never been combined for the definite purpose of showing where the endeavour to bring the Coal resources of the interior into use can be prosecuted with most chance of ultiinate success. Mr. Surgeon Wm. Banis. Preparatory to adopting any definite measures with this object in view, the ter, Captain J. II. Jolmston, Governor of Bengal resolves that the Gentlemen named in the margin shall be Captain W. N. Forbes. Captain 11. 1. Tiendierson, appointed a Committee, specifically to consider all the information on the subject now collected at the Presidency, and to recommend what further examinations or surveys shall be ordered for the purposc, enabling Government to decide as to the best means of procuring Coal applicable to the wants of Steam Navigation in the Interior. The enquiries of the Committee will embrace as well as the locality of the different llines of Coal explored as the descriptions of the mineral, and whether it is found alone or with Iron lead of Copper, or other useful metals in the vicinity of the Mines, and likewise by what routes and at what expense in their improvement or construction it will be possible to bring the Coal to the banks of navigable rivers. True Copy, (Signed) H. T. PRINSEP, Secy. to Govt.

·LIST OR COJIMITTCC TROVI CONVICXCCVICST. PRCSIDENTS. C. W. Smith, Cser, C. S............. Mchber of the Sulder Board of Reyes nue and Provisional Member of Council. Date of Appuintracht 17th April 1839. Date returned to Europe 4th Jay 1812. J. W. Grant, Csq, C. S............... Kecper of the Esport Warchousc and Member of the Marine Board. Date of Appointment 10th June 1812. MCMOCRS James Prinscp, Csi, Assay Master. Date of Appointment 28th December 1836 Returrail to Lurope October 1838 Mint Mister. Dato of Appointment Licut-Col Corbes, Engineers,......... 29th December 1836. Major Henderson, ................. Deputy Auditor General Dato of Appointment 28th December 1836. Retained April 1839. Captain J II Johnston, Controller of Steam Vessels Date of pointment 28th December 1836 W. Bannister, Csg.... Jadras Medical Service, Dato of Appointment 28th December 1836. Returned to Msuras February 1837. J AICCI.lland, rap, Bengal Medical Service, Junior Viemler and Secretary. Date of Appointoient 24th March 1837. .......... *W. Crcroft, Esq,CS, Judge of the Sudder Dumans 1danit Date of Arrointment 101h May 1837. Returned to Lurope 1839 • sfr Crucro wted i Trondeat at the request of the Verkrs though he slowlorrisial merely u Motuler ·iv LIST OF COMMITTEE FROM COMMENCEMENT. Licut.-Col. Presgravc, ....... Superintendent Cossipore Foundry. Date of Appointment 17th April 1839. Proceeded to the Cape 7th December 1840. Captain A. Wilson, Superintendent Cossipore Foundry. ... ..... Major W. R. FitzGerald, Engineers, Superintendent Engineer of the South Eastern Provinces. Date of Appointment 10th June 1842. Deceascd November 1844. Thomas Cargill, Escs .................. Date of Appointment, 16th April 1845.

·No. 1. I. INTRODUCTION. Agrccably with tho preceding Resolution De Bannister, acting as Secretary of the Coinmittee, lad just time to collect and place in the bands of the Members such documents as were available in the public offices bearing on the proposcu enquiry before he was recalled to Madrus, to which Presidency ho belongerl. In 1838 the Committee lost tlic services of Mr James Prinsep. In 1839 the Committee were licsiac deprived of the scrvices of Bir Cracroft and Major Henderson,--these vacancies were afterwards filled by C W Smith, L1. as I'resident, and Colonel Presgrave On the retirement of the former in 1812, and the death of Col. Presgrave, I W Grant, Lsq, succeeded as President, and the late Vajor VR FitzGeraldl as Member, whose death shortly after took place 2 The first Venuto in the Computteo was written by Captain Forbes, 4th May 1837 It directed that the Secretary should draw up the first Report consisting of an II storical and Topographical as well Geological account of all that was known up to that periol, of the etistence of Coal and Iron in India. It further directed that such inforination should be convey al in a popular form, with a view to ulumata publication This was countersigned by Captain Johnston and JI J Prinser, and directe to le recorded for the guidince of the new Secretary, who was referral to the ripers in the Committee box, as well as to several Repurts in public oflicus for lus materials. 3 Captain Iſen lerson instead of subscribing to the above reinarhed, that if the papers in the Committer box icre to be taken as a sample of the practical information to be found a public offices, they would have to rely more on the experienco of their Secretary, and the information to be clicitul in correspondenco with the authoritis lucatel where Coal is known to cust, than on any inaturus already in possession of Government, particularly as no prevajus en jury lial cser Leen cutiral on with the specific olject now in view, ercept Ls the lato Vr William Jones. The nsults of short roceddings were alrea ly lxfore the public. 4 Captain II. nderson then enumerate the following localities where Cort tras known to exrst, but re ganling » luch we had little inf rmation, with the cocupt in of what was publisliel by die Jones Ranın, Burlad. 1 l'uniwan Churra Punji and Laur 2 D ·vi I. INTRODUCTION. 3. Hurrah and Baglepore. 4. Mootce Jarma near Sukreegullec, and Rajnchal. 5. Palamow and on the Coile River. 6. Bidgeglıur. 7. Vicinity of IIazarecbag and the Benares Road. 8. (Assam) under the Naga IIills, Dysung Nuddee and vicinity, worked by Mr. Scott. 9. (Assam) on the Namroop River. 10. (Assam) the bank of thc Jomuna. 11. (Assam) the Noa Diling and its affluent the Dupha Panee. 12. The Coal formation supposed by Captain Jenkins to extend to the westein extremity of the Curribari Hills near the great bend of the Barrampooter. 5. The first Report conformably with the plan laid down by the Members in the Minute of Captain Forbes above referred to, was submitted to Lord Auckland 18th October 1837. It was soon after ordered to be printed to the extent of 250 copies and distributed. Three years and a balf aftcrirards, 14th April 1841, the subsequent proceedings of the Coinmittee having coinc under the observation of the Governor General, Ilis Lordship caused the following memorandum in his own band to be conveyed to the President of the Committee through the Private Secretary Mr. Colvin. “ These Reports are satisfactory, and much that is useful is apparently in progress and promising well—I shall presently liope for such a Report as may give a good summary of all that lias been done, and as may be sent home and published here. It would -I tlink be much to the credit of the Committee." A second more copious Report was accordingly prepared by the Secretary, containing an abstract of the monthly proceedings of the Committee, with all the results attained up to April 1841. It was ordered at once to be printed and distributed to the extent of 250 copies. In April 1842 a continuation of the proceedings up to that date was also printed and distributed amongst the Mercantile Houses of Calcutta. But it was not until the present time that such a summary as the Governor General called for, could be completed in a manner at all becoming the nature and importance of the subject. If the delay that has taken place be thought excessive, it ouglit to be remembered as some excuse for the Committee, that its enquiries relate to great practical questions upon which we had no previously existing experience in India to guide us. 6. The total outlay on account of thic Committee from its institution January 1837 to January 1845, being a period of eight years, has been Co.'s Rs. 19617 0 0.

·1. INTRODUCTION Yi Of wybuch som the following items stand on the credit side :- ! 22 ..... ....... .......... To Books and Office Furniture, Rupees *.***. 328 2 8 Mining Tools, Rupees ........ 886 1 6 Blast Furnace, crocted at the Vint, 1945 10 0 » Allje Iron Stone, sent to the dint, ..... 396 7 0 500 Maunds of Lime Stone, sent to the Jlint, 250 0 0 6906 Maands of Coal delvered to different Pablic Establishments, ........................ 3202 11 4 Deluct, ................... 7209 06 5 C 7. Lerving a total espenditure of Rupecs........................ 12108 Which sum, Rupees .............................. 4616 10 8 Was devoted to 21 months and 5 days Sec ary's Salary as follows 860 10 8 > To Secretary's Srlary from 25th March to 15th December, 8 months and 20 dıys, at 100 Rs. per mensein, Rupees ..................... Ditto Ditto from 15th December 1837 ta 15tl. December 1838, Leing 1 year, at 300 Rupees per mensen, Rupees ............. Ditto Ditto from 15th December 1838 to 1st Tilruiry 1839, being 1 month unil 16 days, at 100 Rupees per mensen, ................... 3600 00 > 150 00 Deluct...................... 4616 10 8 7791 10 10 8 of the balance, Rupees ..................... 3630 5 2 Ilave been expendel in Mineral Surveys as follows.- 83 5 9 83 6 9 ...... 21000 To Lieut. Don, for travelha, charges, proceeding to examine the Cval at Suhree Gully, Rupecs Ditto ditt................. lu George Osborne, l'sq, for trasclling charges, procealing to esamine the supposed Coal at Brugeghur,........... Mr 'lonkın, a Cual Minir, employed in Arrahan 3 months, at 100 Rupkey per meneem, , Captain 1 gte, Commissioner of Arrahan, for xnses incurred in rear hug for Coal, Nir. I. Hleming, a Coal lliner, employed at Razmulia 2 inonths, at 30 Rupees pur men 8 m, 100, at Curribarı, 10 montlis an! 22 days, at 70 Rupees far i lleni, 748-12-0, 350 00 .. 721 9 3 ) 818 12 0 Cartiid orci. 12103 5 6 ·vii 1. INTRODUCTION. Prought forward 12408 5 6 To Mr. Sweetland, to cnable him to produce samples of Curribari Conl as proposed by liiinself on tho assurance of his personal know-, lelge of its value, 1387 10 2 Deduct,...... 3631 5 2 4160 58 ...... Balance,............. 9. T. Postayc, Rupees ......... 298 0 0 Freight and Bangly Charges, 47 90 3.15 15 0 Printing extra copies of first Report, 101 10 0 Ditto ditto - cancellal pages, 2d Report.... 1811, 10 10 8 ...... Deduct,........ 518 3 8 Total expense of Committec for petty Charges, Stationery and Establishment, from January 1837 10 January 1815,........ 3642 20 ................. 10. In addition to the charge of Rapocs 3630-3-2 in the above account for enquiries rogarling Coal, the expense attending the tuinporary employment of Messrs. Ilomfray and Landers might also be included, although their bills were not submitted to the Committuu for Audit. There is nothing on the records of the Committee to show that Mr. llomfray's Deputation to Parlamow emanated from it, escept the following observation in the letter of the Committee to Lord Auckland on submitting the firat Report of its proceedings 18th October 1837. With your Lordship's concurrence our first measure was to depute a professional mincr, Mr. lIumfray, to survey and report on the Palamow Coal beds, &c.” The employment of Vr. IIomfray would therefore seem to have taken place before any regular proceedings were entered upon, I mention this particularly as it has been since alleged that his interests in Burdwan Mines, were opposed to the successful ohject of his Jission. 11. The appointment of Mr. Landers las tended to show that practical experience acquired in English Coal Mines, when removed to circumstances so totally different in India, may fail to answer the desired expectation. 12. With regard to the Viners B. Tonkin and L. Fleming, who were employcd with a view of supplying the demand for practical aid, which was supposed to be alone required in order to open Coal Mines. Tonkin lost his health before entering on his duty and was forced to return to England. Tleining prored of some use to Mr. Erskine in opening his Mines on the Adji. Where all the necessary previous information is obtained, and nothing remains but to commence operations such men are useful, but in India where the Geology of ·I\INODUCTION IX the country is unl nown and the districts in luch Coal occurs are unsunesel, men of stipetir attunmenes unil zcal appearel to be essential in order to pruniote effectively the objects of this Cumnuttuu 13 llence in order to give these oljects a specifc and practical character, as well as to lice the en juiry on a sound footing, consistent salli st3 importprice to the general intrret of the country, ile Committia venturel to rccommend a Geologiezl Survey of the Coalformation of India, or at least that t'iy question should be referred to the highest scientific authorities in Lnglu This recommendation we behere has gone home aj provel by the Government of Bengal, and whatever the risalt may be, the pullic intercsts must profit by the reference NOTES I have collected from the Government Oſlices all the papers on recor I repecting Coal, and they are contained in two bundle now circulated The large bunille 15 received from Mr Han les, and tha ainall one from Mr Prinsep, and to prevent confusior, gentlemen will be good! enough to Leep them separate t'ich gentleman will lase the kindness to furnare the box to the next upon the list, and the last will be goul cnoul to send it to me After the papers haso been circulated, perhaps it will be better to call a meeting thie General Department, and Souther. Way 11- lind's in the Office of the Secr ary the Government of Bengal, and both will rerdily be made vier to us, or onr Saretury II lien such application has leen sanctioned, the Reports of Pem!ırton, Tenking, Wilcox and other Officurs on Assim, Jumpore, &c., 2nd generally all the Reports in the possess n of Governinent containmg matters n specting Conl and Iron, or other minerals ou_ht also t> Lo similarly obtunelan laxtracted The first Report of the Conl an 1 Iron Committee shoull cont un an Istorical an! Topographical as well as \lmeralogical nccount of all that i known, or cu through its means bo asccrtuned on the subject of the mircrals of India this ng much as possible in a popular form, wil uw to its ulunato publication, anlas a means of attracting Indian or other capital to the speculation of working mines 112 the localities indicatal If the Veinburs of the Commutec approve of this suggestin Uiey parlimps will have the goodness to rarnet an sin thus memor 1:1 lum as a Luide to thic cxertious of the Secretary (Signel) W X LOLPIX Jeal, My Gth, 1837. (Signed) W. DAVNISTER January 18th, 1837 91 To Captain T II JOHNSTOY Capt W N Fornes JAVI PRIX 71, I'«Q Capt. B Il lle\DLI OY 19 AAN Ntulat ng chilary Bucliannan's Reports Southerlan is on Origin 1 N the Rnjmelial and Llangulpore Ilills, and 3.1 in any other Reports of a general nature, are amongst the Reinl of Government, an low, hit to be rilan! aktrictal, in 80 furns they relate to Cal nn 1 Iron for the Coinmitta's Rejmirt, and I woull set thu, capeli ney of the Secretary muling an u licul afletin for those l'erests in the name of the Gummit Buchannun's Repaists I linic ascertunat ara tic 01.o of the Sentary to Goicinment in I cntres concur in Care Forks'mune Festions, on which our rretary la lluiter act at 0:14 (461) J I'sl'ofr.

·INTRODUCTION. I lcirve the fuggestol measure will be productive of great goud. (Signeul) J. II. JONX-tox, qu', Jinute, These lieports and any others which can slojar lender. be discorcrel in the Government Offices will be of 1140 cerininly in preparing : luistorical or other account of thic clincoreries, and may possibly serve to direct attention to new am likely situntions in which to prosciutto further enquiry. But, if we take the Correspondence and Reports How circulated in this lov, as a sample of thie practical information to be derived from any existing Records of Government, we may conclude that little useful or practical lineſit will follow the tank of going through the paper, which the Onices have still to furnishi ils sitli. The fact seems to be that no previous Ma5, 1857. enquiry line crer lind the precise practical object in view (viz. that of working and supply) which the Government have now taken up, if we except Jones' Enquiry; and it strikes me that our new Secretary whose services I am glad have been secured to 115, m'y at once, in acilition to thic proposod collection of former researches, place bin of in communication with the authorities and persons conccted with, or in the vicinity of the pinces where Coal has been discoveredl, and endeavour to obtain such matter-of-fact information regarding the whole of them, as inny determine tlic Government where to direct their will and attention, in my assist sprculators in coining forward to work the places themselves. (Signed) II. B. JENDERSOS. Pirporis of the Committee that huree bren printer from time to time since Day 1837. 1. Reports of a Committee for Investigating the Coal and Mineral Resources of Indin, Svo. G. 11. Hluttmann, Bengal Military Orphan l'ress, 1838. 3. Abstract of the Proceclings of a Committee for the Investigation of the Coal and Mineral Resources of India, brought up to April 1842. G. II. Huttmann, Bengal Military Orphan Press, 18.12. 2. Reports and Abstracts of the Proccelings of : Committee for the Investigation of the Coal and Mineral Resources of India, brought up to May 1841, by the Secretary. G. II. IIuttinann, Bengal Military Orphan Press, 1841. These being now out of print, a revised and incorporated copy of the whole should be printed, together with the latest information on the subject now submitted in the present Report May 1815.

·II. LEVELS or INDIAN COAL TICLDS. 14 No Barometrical or otlier mensurements, thith a view to obtain the relative levels and accessibility of the Coal Districts of British India, have as yet en mule Improid meins of transport, n bether by land or water carriage, will mamly depend on sucla information 15 The face of the country rises gradually from the Ifoogley tovarls Burdwan, which is proved by the fact noticed by the lato Mr Jones, that at O nptah, 22 miles west of Calcutta The tides in the Damooda, derived from the estuary of the Ilongls, rise only ten incles during the highet springs in June, ebling anul flowing only half an hour In Calcutta, on the other han the same distance from the Sca as Omptalı, thero 19 a difference of 17 fect during the sune springs, between lugh and low water. Ilence, we infer that tho rise of the coantry rests ard of Calcutta, fur a distance of 22 miles to Ontah, 13 about 9 inches per mile Peyond this the conntry ss knonn to risc more rapidly for a distance of sixty or cighty miles to the Coal Mines, which accounts fur thoso violent floods wluch runder the navigauan of tho Darovoda alovo Omptalı so diflicult. 16 It inay be supposed that the general rise of the face of the country from O.nptab to tlo Cort Mincs, a distance of 80 miles, us about 3 feet 4 incies per mil , so far as necan venture to julge from the little wc know of the peculiar dificulties of the origation of the corresponding portions of the Dutonula, and Arilje Nuvers, Thus thic elevation of the Burdwan Coal District may be supposed to be about 300 f-et above the sca But it may be suggested as a cry important practical question, whether the best description of Coal 14 reasonably to bo espected in the Kurdsan and All Coal Tells, without either adrancing further into the balls than the situation of the present Mines, or sinking to a proportionately greater deptlı, soc para, 20 17 With regard to thic Orissa District in wluch the Cool Fields of Talcher and Ilingolo ar atuntal, no particular mention is made of the existence of any very formidable rapıls, in tho Accounts we harc of the Irams River This Riner is said to be nirigablo for 300 maun l boats during six montlas of the year, from the Coast at JIT05001, to within 23 miles of the Coal District, tho whole distance being about 120 miles It mar therefore Le supposeul that thc Coal Districts of Talclier and Iringolic, arc alout 150 to 2,0 feet above the sca 18 Agun re may suppose from the only infimation se liare on the subject, that the Rajmci al Conllede, situated at Doobrug pore, Fitbin 10 miles of water camage in the rains (be trans of llic Rormans Mulla to Voorshedabad,) are not more cleated than the Adji an! Burlman bele Tic a lyrining Coil beds to the north of Doobradgapore, at the pass of Patchn arty, on the Rans' Paret, may tve a little bizler ·101 ) 19. The valley of Palamow contains Coal at two distinct levels, to the first of which the Coile River is partially navigable with some slight difficulty. The lower beils of Palamow Coal, may therefore be supposed in regard to levels, to bear the same relation to the Ganges at Dinapore, as the Burdwan District bears to the Hoogley at Calcutta. The second, or Upper Coal Field of Palamos valley is some hundreds of feet higher, cut off from the Lower Coal Field by an intervening ridge 500 feet high, but no exact measurements lave been made. From all we know of this last Coal Field, we should suppose the height to be about 5 or 600 fcet above the level of the sea. 20. Witl: regard to the Coals at Sohagopore and Singrowlie, these beds being situated above the falls of the Sone, water carriage to any great extent is out of the question. But their distance from the Ganges at Chunar, being such as to enable the country people, without roads, to bring in Coal for sale at eight or ten annas per maund to Chunar and Mirzapore, it deserves to be considered whether the supply might not be much improved on the higher parts of the Ganges from these sources. 21. East of the Ganges, circumstances as regards the general levels of the country are different, as well as the quality of the Coal itself, which is almost invariably superior to any of the beds on the western side, except IIazareebaugh, Sohagepore and the Nerbudda Coals, as accounted for para 26. The Coal from the Eastern Districts generally, belongs to what is called Mountain Coal, the disruptive forces to which the strata in this direction have been subject, having brouglit up to the surface, the Main Coal, without the trouble of sinking for it. 22. The chief beds extend along the south side of Assam, at intervals from thic Garrow Hills to the farthest extremity of the valley; and from the former point southward, along the eastern boundary of Sylhet to Chittagong. The Coal formation throughout this course, skirts the base of the lower ranges of hills, more or less elevated from the plains, but rarely appearing near the summit of the higher Mountains except at Cherra Ponji. 23. In Assam, as far as we are acquainted with the circumstances of the various bers, they would seem to be from 200, to 300 feet above the adjacent portions of the Barrampooter, from which they are distant generally from 40 to 60 miles by navigable tributaries. 24. The nearer situation of the Cherra Coal to the Presidency, has directed attention chiefly to it, notwithstanding its great elevation above the plains, and the consequent expense and difficulty of its delivery. Indications have been found at more accessible heights in the same vicinity, but the requisite intelligence has not yet been brought to bear on their examination, in order to determine their real value. 25. On both sides of the Ganges the Coal measures are associated with sandstone, shale, and sometimes limestone, disposed along the flanks of Hills and Mountains, thic central masses of which are granite, presenting outbursts at intervals, forming more or less prominent elevations. One of these elevations on the western side, at the head of the Burdwan Coal Field, is Purrisnath, which rises it is supposci, to 5000 feet, while the adjoining country consists of low table land. On the eastern side, the elevations are higher; and form continuous ridges affording delightful climates suited to the cultivation of European productions. For the better understanding of these observations wc beg to refer to the annexed sketch, exhibiting a general section of Coal Districts from Cutch to Assam.

·( 102 ) A B 0 DET G a, a, $ c Coal Formation --C, C, $ c Primitive Rocks, --1, 1, $ c Basaltic and Trap Rocks - Ce, Sandstone Formation. A, Cutch, --B, Nerbudda. --C, Sobagepore,-D, Singrowler,--E, Ramglur,–F, Bordwan,G, Clicrra Ponji,II, Assam 26 Thero is no fact better established, than that the quality of Coal in India depends on the degra of disturbance to which the adjoining strata, with which it is associated hase been exposel. This is ernctly what we should cspect, from the circumstances of the best beds of Coal being the lowest in the series, and as in all hills and mountains the lower rocks are raised to the higher altitudes, so the lower tweets of Coal are those which are projected apvards to the surface lince it is due to the greater disturbanca of the strata generally beyond the Ganges, that we find the Corl of our Lastern Districts superior to that of the Districts on the li estern side of Bengal The mun, or lower beds are in the Eastern Districts, uplicavcd (as in the caso of Cherra and Assam Coals) to the surface, where they are found as Mountain Coal. In the Burdwan, Rajmchal, and other low Western Coal Districts, the main leds of good Coal may bx sup pused to lio at a greater depth below the surfice than has yet been reached in Cal Blines of this country But in the central table lands an 1 bulls Districts to the westward, such as IIazarcebaugh, Solingeporo and Nerbudin, where the degree of local disturbance of adjoining strata, corresponds with the Eastern Districts of Sylhet and Assam, the Vam Coal is brought to the surface Hence it is, that the Ilazaree baugli, and Norbud la Coals, correspond with thosc of Assam and Cherra Ponji in point of quality, and aro of the most superior description rains. 27 It may lo superflaous to notice in this place the interioediato plains between the Eastern and Western Coal Districts of Bengal, further than relates merely to the navigability of Rosers. Thc gruual rise of the country westward of Calcutta, renders the navigation of the Rivers that direction, as they approach the Burls an District dilcult, and of short duration, during thic leight of the On tho castern sido of Calcutta on the contrary, there is a gradual depression, esten ling perhaps in dımınıshed proportion to that portion of the Sunderband, inarhed. Morass' on Arrowsmith's Maps little to the west of Cuinnh This admits of the general infius of aides throughout the Sunderbunds, whicli, together with the great l'osers of tho eastern parts of Bengal, affords an unmtcrrupted facility fr inland navigation at any Stáson, and consequat tedy means for the delivery of Coal fruin tiat quarter, to all parts of ladia. • Jr Juscl icon obserres that Lemestme is more pretalent in the lower beds of ile Cnal mmat man alre, tl 27 m the upper, or iewer beals. All our liest Coals m Assam and the han ah JI. ase llenarruind with Larressor W Te on te offer fiani po Limestone has set been funal Assausled nul, or 11 tle in aty of Jkdeu, o l'emik Coa's D) ·103 Tempornry difficulties might in the first instance be felt in obtaining boats at Sylhet on any sudden cnergency beyond :1 certain extent of tonnnge, but these would diminish as the demand for tonnage in the District became steady, and the carriage of Coal offered a certain and profitable employment for boats. 28. The following Tabulnr Statement affords the result of our information as to nature and extent of the indientions of Conl throughout Inilin. It will be seen from it, that the position of 67 beds is alrendy ascertained, affording an aggregate thickness of 466 fect of Coal. 29. A comparison of this Table with the list of sites in which Coal was supposed to exist on the Continent of India, as enumerated p. 7, Reports of the Committee, 1838, will show to what extent our informntion on this subject has been catended since the publication of our first Report. There is still lowerer ulimital room for further improvement, for it is the nature of the enquiry to cxpand in magnitude and practical importance in proportion is we approach, and enter into it. ABSTRACT OF COAL, KVON IN INDIA 1st Day 1815. l'rosince. District. l'iclii. Locality, Bed. Little Tenns-crim, Mergy, .. Tenneacrim l'rosinces, Joulmein, ........ Cuttack (Orine,). ........ Gopalpverslun, (reat Tenåserim, Lanica Risor, Invon, Riser, Tulcbergul, Ilingolie', ......... Singharun N., ..... Barricaron, Nanee Gungc, ......... 16........ Damooda, China Coory, ..... .. Churnlya, Moheednuggur, Thian Khan R., 0, 6 fect. 1, 6 feet. 0, 20 miles above Tenaeserim}«, 6 feet. (1), Above the fulls, Size not stated. 40 miles from the Coast,.... Size not stated. Not stntud, Not traced. { Balajora Vulln, 4 mile from I foot 6 inches. the fort, Singra Nulli, 15 feet. od mile fiom tlie junction of 7 feet. the Dameoda, Burmiry Village,....... 8 or 9 feet. 3 Ser en miles above Singhia- }} 9 feet. run live miles above Ranee Gugc, 7 feet. Fisc miles below the confluence of thic Bariacara fect. River, Quarter of a mile from the G fect. south lank of the Adji, North bank of Adji, * of a mile froin the River, Two coss south of Secdporc Size not stated. Glat, Patchwory Pass, In Sandstonc. Numerous beds, Doobradgeporc Village, .... { not described. At Teer Molun, Not stated. Near the Waterfall , Not traced. ŞIn the Suncharie, a Tribufcet. tury of the Ilaharoo R., On the right side of the Benares New Road near Not stated. the 187 miles stone, Coyle R. 30 miles fiom the 3 feet 9 inches. conflux of the Sone, Sa, Junction of the Amanath anc Coyle R...... , above Kirall Village, l'ire miles beyond the Vil- Sa, 13 inches. luge of Chapari, Sadabali River, , 6 feet. 134 feet. ...... Adji River, ...... Bengal, .............. ....... ............ Rajmchal, Mammudpore, Bansli Riser, Braniny Nullah, ..... llurra, Mootec Jurina, Bullca, • ..... .... Ramgurl, Augballal, ............. Upper Palamov,... Village of Palamon,... ..... , 13 inches. I10, 4 feet 7 inches. 6 feet. ......... Middle Palamow,... Singra Village, Beliar, ...... Gorassan Nulla, ...... 401 1, 3 fcet 9 inches. a, 9 inches. ... Lower Palamov, ...) Rajhara, ·10+ Tror ce D str ct TIL Locality Worth bank a ) ttle alvore ) Jomoona 1 Now Gong LI Lower As, RU at ro Sylhet, Ira on tuin of 1 oad) Clcrra, Iru RS the tw 1 of a all im . Sandton lort ww4 LI trul um flows Conjectural Stuterra Igne Kcon B! I la de 1 Dec con o hjul 174 faced I 3 Brcu Islan Arracan, & lIonzaly 1 hero-Dee A San Xur ts J 1 more or l'ant) 1 an ILL TUNNEL CL الدليل البديلC ·105 I'rovince. Diedzini. FII. Locality: Berl. ... ... ......... Central District, a, finelles, .... ..... ...... .......... ................. Wbul Valles, ...... ........... ........ ...... ....... liuzroa!................ u.......... Ruttenpires Hluterio 1, Voor tl.. l'ort of kinori....... 200 yards thick. landitis 19 milonuth of Clwrzurlu, 3 fort. Surinn, 7 miket tt'l of Burrit, Wony yards. Tintali fourni............. Singoli 11, 1 front 2 inchis. Subliniin, Sillal Vorille R.......... 1 fot. lingureji 1: Voor Sam.vllii, Sashamirr Intracrill. i Jobilla li.. Vior l'alep, lot marribcl. ni, Bhinar ontlı Sula Rovali 11, 20 lice. Biser.......... h, 10 fect. Sukur Biver, (iarrarara, r, 23) fever. di lettorinnreinn oftis: 11:11 11, I fort. 12 fr. with alte Salur llivri',... (", Mariano, .... Gret. S? ..... I font. 1!:itruil 1, Beverly I fixol. Sesoral lle from -15118 livet......... Diht mir guthor Blerola, Dinches to feria (1. 1. 11111. (ibal, 12 R. Withslili litri, ..... 31, () parols failo Lema Cint. Jerk!upitia tachipil of 70 cm Tindescribal fo, In thirdu loftlo: Trunlu} Several thin seces. ('uich, Seirl.......... 1. 11. ),mijaskine 20 incha, Vu:!ms kiss on the wesel Notraced. toank of the Blun-iri, Dhiri, On a line 1,7inint Denm: lint sleccrila. Owl Chambnict, .... (1 orect. Mi... 1... ........... Vain"3112 l'urlui, ofiel ( , Trí ( 111, Voc descrilxl. 11.gar Sulori 11 W: Tyrol Not described Suitry listo... 1.Org Sultry, Bad of Sufiry River, ......... 1, 37 ferit. 36 feet. fo, rining run noir the landing the liver about a & fecu. mile from ti... Village, Di-un: 1:., Dismirlash. .............. Ninf a mile from the Riser l an elevation of 6 feet, i 60 or 60 feel, Jeyjure, !!, Cieerphong, ..... , . firi. 1, One mile soull of Geer. Suveral berls, size Borr:: Dilin, R. phone Vantun...... 20 fuel. i okl Beera ............... ... Wann.151", ....... 2, IS lewe. ....... Upper Ascam. ... ........... 5 feet. ... C, 2 fevert. 1100 stated. ...... ........ Catherine or four from ·ASSAM. 32 The Coal Districts of Assam though more or less continuous, particularly along tlic soatliem side of the valley for 350 miles, may be conscniently divided into Upper and Lomer, corresponding with the drillon of the prosince 33 Bishenatlı, sitanted 170 miles from Bengal, being taken as the limit between Upper and Loirer Assim, nc liare indications of six coal fields above, and three belon 31 Mayor Jenkins in enclosing to Vir Vaddoch the latest discoveries of coal in Assam, 26th Iebruary and 14th March 1842, urges the expreliency of appointing at onec, a well-qualifical person to csamıno all tho coal Leds hnonn to exist in that province. 35 In reply, Major Jenkins as informed that the Governor General proposed to avail himself of tlic first opportunity of appointing an Ollicer of experience and the necessary acquiriments, to conduct a survey of tho coal deposits near the banks of the navigablo ricrs in Assam, where tho best coal 13 to bo found in NOTIS Extract of a letter from Vor F Jenkins to Gorernment, 26th Gebruary, 1912 TI 1t IIIs Lord hip may judge of the exped cney of appointing at once a well qual Sed person to examine all the beds of conl known i Assain, I will bri fly menit n the tedy jet d scovered or supposed to exist Danroop and Namsang Nuer falls into the Boorec Del ng abore Jaspxw r, It is known to me of tle becko na ether stream, but I thi k the qual ty of ile cal is nearly the sama, and Major Forbes reported on some, sent down ly Leut Be from the Namroop Rover, shat it was the best for certain purposes of any dixolpred mn India At Jaspoor it creare il ree beds, two directly on the gorge of the lulls through wlich the niser flows One of these the Assam Company are working an the stratum as far as exposed when I rusted 16 was sus f ct thick of very fwr coal, and conani apparently mich 1 ss sulphur than a the frat small stratu n overlying that now working Inf way w I orl ant fron Japoor is the bed worked by Captaun llannay and Mr Landers above alrerted tow-I imaguio thux coal is simlar ta that of Jaipoor and Borl aut Pod a tal.reruy cn il ole of the Disung on lo h ki les, is a deep atra um of coal I'vat has not yet been worked luv ilin locality seems rery favorable In the Sulfers, 13 te coal woskel by dr Bruce under the late It Scott's duections and it was sud to be very gnal. In the Duang us the del nor working by Mr Lan lors In the Dhunsiti roal has lxeen traced 13 rescral places, but we know not! ang of the beds 11 the Juniomna ti ere is a coal lxd connected with a l melone perf-cily dentcat #ul tl • La stone of Cherr, and there is arreire fur grounds for suppwing th coal may be of the same quality The last bedano in on the south banh, that lately d scosered by Me James Bedini on the Can'a Istarwater to Garro v lills, of which de cal as far as les op ned appears uſ nor and earths, but as die st talin 1 extremely furorall it may be wortli wlil in gym wilt! oju rates is I ere to fome estent, 11 the hope of mon pm a mi her trata Lelos -Ilus coal w les des connected with byli of trop crs and pelete class i at seem Reh to Le of mub valke Outleinth busk mereral truces of coal have been met with from t inet tm, bi frono s teeert ornar tie DX it me tems certain that mal mll be fur Imler t're northem 11, in the same mana inel are fun! #alumn! unirth Watcm ills for If we latci hal man ples of mat frunt'e Gislada niret, (ng lo le bo ti a np xł it 11 Drin, o regre sent me by Mr Bellvel and s al sinp ofte en VII CK MIUJ AN Cardatze, of coal in 1 13! MIX i innm IX 17, unul lass's Ilent Syst showe! 10 at Teipire bihovxl m n 1 meine frein horespua! Dar di atach le w baie m de personal era unali 1 but !? *as daren uns alt siiach of iner 2 ·107 ASSAM. situations affording the greatest facilities for its removal by water to the Presidency. In forwarding this correspondence to the Committee, its opinion was invited. 36. A survey of the coal beds in Lower Assam and Sylhet, was accordingly recommended with the above view, by the Committee. LOWER ASSAM. In this part of the province, indications of coal are less decided than in the Upper Assam, but being nearer to Bengal, they are on that account more important. 37. Durrumpore. Beds of coal are found in the valley of Durrumpore at the fall of the Jumoona, a confluent of the Kopili River, about 90 miles from Gowalıatti, 60 miles of which is an open navigation for the greater part of the year, the remainder is navigable in the rains to the coal beds. 38. A bed of coal, 21 feet in thickness, is intersected by a little Nullah half a mile above the falls of the Jumoona, and at a distance of 80 or 100 yards from that stream. 39. A second bed occurs in this locality, the particulars of which are not yet known, but a sample of the coal transmitted to the Committee in April 1844, proved on analysis to be one of the purest and finest coals hitherto met with any where: also at a distance of 8 miles above the falls, a small bed of 2ļ feet in thickness, has recently been found in a tributary of the Jumoona called Dephoo Nuddee, by Messrs. Wood and J. W. Masters. The quality of the sample furnished from this last bed is not however good. 40. Kopili River. In the bed of Kopili River, 24 miles above the confluence of the Jumoona, near a place called Serga, at a distance of ten or twenty miles to the southwest of the preceding coal, drifted specimens lave been found in the sands, thereby indicating the existence of beds of coal more or less extensive towards the headl of this streani. Extract of a letter from the Government to Major Jenkins, 14th March, 1842. I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your despatch dated the 26th ultimo, No. 29, submitting your opinion upon Lieut. Col. Garstin's proposal for expending a sumn of 1,000 Rupees in obtaining specimens of coal in Assam, and in reply to inform you that the Governor General in Council proposes to avail himself of the first opportunity of appointing an Officer of experience and the necessary acquirements to conduct a survey of tlıc coal deposits ncar the banks of the navigable rivers of Assam, with a view to determining where the best coal is to be found in situations affording the greatest facilities for its removal by water to the Presidency. Extract of a letter from Major Jenkins to the Committce, 1st December, 1837. I have the honor to forward a copy of a letter No. 26 of the 25th instant, from my Assistant Lieut. Vetch in charge of the urrung division, communicating the discovery of traces of coal in three of the rivers flowing from the Bootan range through that vision into the Burrampooter. Licut. Vetch has not yet been able to visit the places in which the coal has been found, but he proposes taking the earliest opportunity of doing so, and I trust his further researches will lead to the discovery of the coal in situ. These discoveries of coal on the north bank of the Burrampooter, and over a tract of country 50 inil in length, appear to me to add greatly to the importance of the previous discoveries of coal on the south bank of the river, for I conceive it may presumed that we have by 10 means yet obtained a knowledge of the full extent of the coal beds in Assam, and that it is not improbable they are co-extensive on both sides of the valley, and will be found very nearly throughout its whole length. The original Sketch alluded to by Lieut. Vetch, I have the honor to annex hereto, and the specimens will be forwarded by dank banghy. be ·LOWER ASSAM. 10S 41. nlunas Ract. (Bonash)--at thc Bynce Docas on the north side of the ralloy, 45 miles from the confluence of the Monas with the Burrampnoter at Goalpara, and 260 miles from Baulcah on the Ganges, several tlın beds of coal tvere observed by Dr C K. Hludson, in bills on the left tank of the Monas, at its esit from Boolin, along with limestone The place is in all respects fssourable for watir carriage The size ard curcumstances of the beds are not described. But, with the exception of Kurrıları, this is the most convcnient Bituation in which coal luis leen hitherto found in Assam kurilan Ilills Detached specimen of good coal hase becn found in the Lets of the Bonarasec river, x tributary of the Kala, in the Kurrıları kulls, 43 Drifted fragments hare also been found on the north side of Asqm in the san ls of Jellaadec, and Diunstri, in the Kooreapır, an i Drorceroomiec Doars, 16 miles from the Burrampooter, also on tho Beltecreo river near the village of Dyamorah, 14 mles from the Burrampooter, ml lastly, on the Dooroolee and its trabatury tho Dihrau niser, 17 miles from the Burramposter, a little above Tecporc. Abstract of Coal in Loscer Assain Province. District. Fuld Locality Deds. 1 livet Nongong Loner desim, Jurnoona Rircr,...... At the Falls,.......... 2n 1 bau mot described. Kopıl Musc,...... Driftel,..... Mut trucou hills on the left bank Bynce Doar, .*** at the fout of the Not describe Bootin Altiintang Bunara set, 1........ Garrow Mehals, Sot tracci ..^ Monte, ***** Kurriburi, . From Ireut Petch to Major Jenkins, 25th urember, 1837 I beg to sen l you for presentation to the Government Coal Committee, specimens of coal which I have discovered in the channels of the Glelun ler, Delseerce and Ilooroolee risers The expectation entertawed in my note to you, ftorn haring found the same lgmufce in the Ghellun iee of Konter para us in 1lse Bhonronlee of Chardos ar, with courses about 10 miles apart, but taking tliest rive from tlie same elian of mountains that the scam froin mlach they were washed extended along the frontier, w greatly encreased by llac d scovery of the ane lguce in 116 13ciseerte such as central I putucularly beg to bring to no ce the mpecimen marked A found 11 the bed of t?e Belseeree #lach seems to be fil roul and to burn freely The ignite 13 life ult twignies, but when once on Pre gives out a very powerful beat, and is very enduring As soon as I can spare lune I propx'se Fisiung the beds of these, an lo her internetist streams A swing into the Lula. protet, as far up their course as it is pyssible to proxeed, with the I ope of coming upon the main rim In the scempahalag bor, the spreuneba marleil A and 4, are coal and lon te lound in the Delcecree nter running throu be Charlonat and fuum in greater abundane than in the other nem That male 1, u from the Ghelunkee riun usowy ha Korea'sparrahs the same hund is also foi m the Dinsectee, (tol I sett you a spertinen of 1l some time a_o) C, w frun be Bhrouler and 1 Deksee, eli sits in the former I have also put up 1 in the bei Ino father Curwus specimens, eeze of the ach of the cal A, in wich there arrean po MAULS TEHA 114, 1.1 te other of ligule C,n wheb a Lact us the wood can ke dctly seen, while a furrat n of in se los fiel cuchin the sme spetusen I late to ornata 41 wlich hals me to expect slel tule in the folet e frers betrita Distresse fest an] Durant Ilare ile plastire to anti e mich outline of the nirers un tt is duint, Garing the places sliere de ccel ras formas kters ) cor**n] nith 110-2 on the spriteus ·100 UIPER ASSIM. 11. In 1'pper. im Weslumpit Co,l District is follows: I. Tlie Dhun merat, :() mil lose Bilien itli. II. Tlie Dillo0, -0) obse Bandien atlı. Jl. Sulliv60 mil a 15 !11th. Il. 1).mping, orderlitli, 30 m, asosa Lilliant!11. 1. 1} t Dilun, et selon mil lese Bulu nith. VI. Wanroep, or lles 1,140 miliona li hemba - Hitt H. lills of co1 los alreis babzsel, and their e esporte; acestunud: which to the ammt. Bos Al!! "The Blue Rolle ob 11) iuli. This is probably not a thiril of the contings of the "1. ill..!!“. . .lbumetal is to a furs with the qual of lain, and is an important feature in the ris out of the forms all ni lills (f. 11111111!!" lite :tfi!, perii ularly 15 is it thi'senylon of ore fruin which the bull. veidinusie* 1.97 li i Larkin l. 1 (1 1. 111111 1 sve ܕ ܝ ܪ ܙ3-, : ܐ *; $ + $ 1 I ܕ: ܐ ܐ;; ' ܙ ܙ - ܢ :x' :. . ;; ; ܕ ܢܙ ܐr- :": ܟ ܐ: ܙl, "«; 'ܙܕܙ , ' ܙܬ ' ܙ'، ܐ ܐ. ܙr . (./i/Illerini yo'l oli luulers", Voulardiitr (online mitter, %1 Varch, 1937. I'19.1 1! irilir!!! Ilir Ilu, lasilo ali 'riz enla, 1 rill pourra irunnd agrily to g** normal? Ir 17 11 1117' alone I lose 11*73 15 trore ! "' .1?thriti:1 alle disse ans i als that I crulu ใน 'll. fra blir Ilirlift pot thing isine ill, J. Smith 13807 19 app's the ۱۴۰۱۰۰۰ ۱۱۱ ۱۱۲ ۱۱ spongal Prisilny 1''p111, s you to Wilor's map Pillir 1- *! I pools 117", rendrerit laul of thir 1:7*114 **15 ilin noer called iliserrollVaalills; the ? 2109 of their **: 11 only in the Surtis. li!!', 'is close midis tlor Vyra lul. Jr. Sempo.co Mr. lin. (the po, l" ????is pro regole rilasinpal, ar ! Mr. 1}. krog plinori elenged ozunds in Vr. Scor, lut atli (3974 of , 17 r! ile i lugu: at (vonlisttı vıcı Ifr 01710 A-1701. Il ir, firerad Mr. Bonn Pige pl, ron 10 311t est luis pureed w will be fun! I ind in the POJMr«« so por los l'em! 6:11 do 1. lire the Suley pastel with dati only front'i muda ulucha obructed the crumlar the openi, lue le 1980s pry!!!! ilind the son rost sa sees me this serio enble. Ms. Bruliad to enrounder one al fix irizteal ofre the dis jmpil-21 1, Bus lir hud ocurrat e the gre ne meneuse ou s 15 in the 1975 espo de ar spily 11.98 a velit 119.0 licone pos redd siden the exp3 "me 11t emselveril. 'ller I lay ma th of sorrtom ela e in the years, and I think Jr. 3. mnd the 1x127Sith. 113 tlıs in 11° 118 931 0111's i creiro a muro ed by the 1927s; from a recolloc ung of the nanun! LICIT sinn , thic iron they pielhili ? n felular 170193 or malcolded onclns - fre in the circum tince of thic fimplom; as the ide skri masuall deckoits, there issors fissy fissorhin: 1. I This 3h 110 from anpartice recolle cuinn, but I - Jr. Brue !!'1or me for the Commitp uthe nn 1 ronit moclo le dependent up 11. Se the source ne urly of th» Voyeubele os til at lave ne 15 vrhuthma's essentskit nullir fot of Jupre are ialuable brine springs, chuonyha nos madlitic of ; slicy soled by the Nagasang sery rullr say is desil, an ne acıount of sluch you will also find m an App na to I'cnlcrion - and ing sport. Mr. Bruce's elder brother hird til en a form of these brine spring, and I as prosuding luu n-clf with the necu nry rar barlem when he did and thic m de real mg 175 abımond. llie nese bea of contine si qy brought to light sted on both banks of the Jumonn i nuer lunc dift! mto the branch of the Burramprot senllucl the Kullung, and line rejoins the greretisers or 10 miles abose dus. The collen found nbout lialf way Licensean" 1c, 2001" 2 die " Dissero risers," and little 1110 me as I nown of it than tlit it is abundant and 75-ociated with precisco ly the canic Limestone as that of Sullela Tlus conl is gond and «milar to thint of Clicrra Ponjic Or the client of tlus hele! nothing is raictly hnown, but living lately lined a specimen of very finc corl sent ine wlule was piched up in the bed of the Deyong, jt si cru its morrectly called " koppelee" by Wilco, there are grounds for supposing thint lietueen the Desong and Juinoour there is a scry cruensae ficlel of coil, and there are some reasons for believing that it is not confined to the dorb of these The lime being hown to cytend to the Kopli slach fall into thic Desong at the place murhed Djung, but wluch 3 two ris.

·UPPER ASSIV 110 Tliu« shoul1 tl e coal of Upper Assim le asual le at present for to other purpose, it mir at once be employel in the reduct on of the iron ores ] ch occur with it an I whrre lotlı coil and ore are f und together, attended with an easy water curr age to all parts of Inla the result may without di culty em made of the hghest degree of importance 48 The manufacture of iron if once introd icel in Viper Issam, soull tend greatly to settle tl port of the frontier, an I might draw into l abits of industry, tle restless and unctualized rices who inhal, districts a ljoining who appear from the following instance to Lo quite capable of improvement ly such meine and upon whoin the occupation afforded by working coal mir es in tl e klass ali } elle as well as in Issan ling alrca ly producel some good effect. ought to be read Dgung Jookh-eDjong er Dyung ti ere los ng ts name at ts junetson # th tle hop7 allogl del mer the larger er TIefurt er diertions *1 ch denote the probab! eric om oft! scoal field are brine s nngs under the legall at a place call a Sunl ur fac ng the centre of the doab of e Jumoona en 1 Iyon anl whi h bnoc syringe con i nue to the north down to western branch of the D unsinn er and are connected with I ne an11nt fining wilt in tlc ea era bra el of tl. Di uns an (1! c Dyong or Dl econg) are brds of sulp! uruus alum slates, or rochs related nearly to the coal etrata. Ata, nct on of these two streams of tle Dlinkt at lagilart Aaga pate") a Ifrn cons Jeral le d tance land on the right bank of Han er i ere are tron clay ores Horned of w1 dl some account was lately & en by Mr Rae ile I s ennry The Din Tumoona an ! Dyong are small streams but tley a c na rable half the year fr the bones of the proru ce canoes, and brin- doma large rol mes of water equal to any Loats in the rang Ortlci ter ne I ate country along ti el lls luineen 11a D uns 1 and to Disung I have no information Lut it appears to me prol able t! at tle same furt u on intens il rou, I out. I or in tl c late expel uon of Jfajor W ! I cut Da Vr Gm an! Cant Ilanny to the l'athaye hulle nie drect on of te Vamroop r ver they brought to 11t an exten e bed of coal anis ve al prtrol un and brinc sproge of loca! Il are sent sam les to James I nnxp and I bel cve Leut Bogel as do de santo Go lor, la full arcons of w1 st 11 cv dsco ore! Im 11 call upon T1 te and B. ofc ally to go e funt er deta ls tl an I am able to furn 1-1 tl n. It card tatoo of te stratums of coal observed by tl ese gents was luf et tl ch Ihe Bree D h og is also a na alle nrer By tum ng to Walcots accourt of lus journey to Bork) amt ante As uue l'escarcl es you w 11 find dat he mir! mtlc \o Di : and its afiluent tle Dupla pance from a consderat on of all to crcumsanccs bel te e umeruel Idola there is ron n for supposing that a very extens se coal field or stirs of relle aseme ated a the otl er tal ua) la morais, etlen Is logo templol ils east longue legal lis sousl all dlc south de of the valley to ale lls of Cacl ar and I cannne trip + lng that ile same format on soeulere in the Jyntealı couring crosses t el lls and ss connes ed at the floor of Clema lone and del mean I coal of Inlus and Laour It is ce ta n that from C ulmam along the Canban I Ils on i te Garnet & I hats al l lls to Gomhat ce that on the north em f ce of t? ese his none lot gra ute forma msul ber nd best de 1 estern ext om y of the Cariban 1 1, tle furrent on cl anges to latente an! (rder or ilere is alu n slate and from sorte prart cft at ne bo ro1-I once saw in Calcutta spreimeng of numerouy fussi remany, fom *1 cl circumsance and who from com non report 11 at Vr Scott Tal cual bro ht hm loon some spot in the Carban I ll I am led to borbie el at the wl lo of the soul of the Carrow hills (om I urdus m ll be foud to be of tle same forma 1 l the coal may be found close ihe great benl of the B Tempooler tuan ) si z more des table et le mal beal colj rearerly be magn urte ppt of reamers com ng tiro the Su derbis ad for the general J mands of the eastern part of lenge! o donlnle Id kingliv des a la tl at se s' rull te lea I try to know what at dur ex 11 In sult recon menl101 e Comm tice to en learor top stal on Gorene i tot well43 poison to suryst 1 tle se (arto 1 1. fron Ch Ima to Clerra i on an l from thence to eto s thrc h Tyntea! In t- Caclar lis anul 2. dum in hop-an after exatr n ng all the cot try on the land of tlc Dhong su Jumorna to pored 19 the Di un n anl *** pwards under the landle way to Salsa Yach mile ne i one reason of leu a 1 slan ng plearlo I a mld recommenll sleng at Cherrs by the Is O 1o *T et latest le con't ten immlia.c! and ralele preced to clanne 1 1 grouml abort estat as far as Lauro Corun en by the ly of lorenz Perle would le alto dexonl and tamno the lower poun lit Cl lman-froin the ee he sloull return to Cierra anal leep on the pharmul I f". 17 htle bed of tlc horl, 1 dl in plot 97 20 1. long lewulfilanthi Bearly Salud Viwili Ir tal dus ook le I th I u toulte !! akreta 11 cther the real fortatori (rs1||!nsor!

·111 UPPER ASSAM. 49. llajor Jenkins in addressing the Committee on the subject of the Dikhoo coal * See Proceedings 7th beds observes, 100 maunds are ready to be forwarded to Seebsagur, and remarks, March 1842, para. 2d. (alluding to the person engaged in this duty,) " he is employing the Tablong Nagas, a rude people, with whom we have had very little intercourse, is doing much good, and hopes to effect a contract with them for the supply of coal to the mouth of the Dikho river.* No. 1. Dhunsccrec. 50. Coal has been found in two situations on this river, which joins the Burrampooter 30 miles abore Bishenath, but we are not informed of any particulars or circumstances connected with the beds. 51. The first situation at which detached fragments of good quality were found, was in the bed of a small stream called Nambar, which falls into the Dhunseeree from the west, at a distance of about 30 miles from the confluence of that river with the Burrampooter. 52. The second locality in which specimens were found in the vicinity of this river, is stated to be in a line between Dezooa and Chumakotce, where the mineral is said to occur in large quantities. 53. In communicating specimens from these sites to the Committee, Major Jenkins observes that they confirm previous indications of the existence of extensive beds on the banks of the Dhunseeree, which is a large, and more manageable river than either the Dihing, or Disung, on which valuable beds of coal also occur. Abstract of Coal on the Dhunsccrec. Province. Field. Localitics. Beds. ..... Upper Assam,...... Dhunseeree, Nambar, On a line between Dezooa and Chainbakote, ...... 1 not traced. 2 not described. ...... I have said nothing of the geology of the north bank of the Burrampooter, for in fact I know nothing of itand the country is nearly inaccessible from the misrulc of the Bhoteahs, and the rudeness of Duphlas and Abors who inhabit the lower northern hills--but there is nothing in the state of the south bank that will prevent a full examination of all the border hills-except that our protegé Poorunduz Sing has a feud with the Nagas, but they would not molest any Inglish Gentlemen, accompanied by a half dozen of our sepoys, and those pursuits were peaceful. I think I have given you all the information I recollect, but if any thing else occurs to me I shall not fail to address you gain. I am exceedingly anxious to know what mineral resources we do possess in this province, and as I trust to get assistance rom your Committee in prevailing on Government to send us a competent geologist to report on what we have already got imperfect traces of, I shall not be backward in laying before the Committee all the information in my power to induce them to second my application, Extract of a letter from Lieut. Brodie, 9th May 1837, to Captain Jenkins. Pieces of coal of good quality were picked up by myself in the bed of the Nambua, a small stream running into the Dhunseeree from the west : near the place where coal was found in the Nambua, is a rock of limestone which extends across the river.

·UPPER ASSAJI. 112 10. 11. Dillo 51. This coal is situated on the Dilhoo riser, 80 miles abore Bislenath anil 35 miles from the confluence of the Diklioo river with the Barrampooter. Txo beds of corl have here been oliseried on the western bank of the river, a little above the rapids. 55. In the Namsong hill, ~ bed of very superior coal occars, G feet in thichness. It ray first openol by the Government, an l subsequently worked to some estent by the Assum Company, fur elie use of their own Steamer, the Commander of which certifies to its being the finest coal ke crer use. 50. The seconl bed occurs in anothier lull bearing a short distance rouil of the Namsons. In order to make the thing clear, the relative situation of these hills, and the circumsturces of the coal, aro cxlubited in tho annereal figure, as we un lerstanl the case to be from imperfect descriptions. The size of thcsa Luis is not expressly stated, but they are supposed to be cach alont sis feet. 57. Other Leds arc statal to csist on the castern bank of the riser, but particulars are not stated. Abstract of Coal on the Diklo. l'rosince District. Locality. Beds, Upper Assam, ............... Dilhno, ................ Namsang Grect fuct. Istract of a Nole from Captain Jerhias, 121) September 1939 1 send you a lomp of coal from a new site near the Dhuman, which I shall be rul geo by goat gang me an opnuna of It long been fnund, I understanı), in large quantity, and fiear the banks of the aburre met, in a line between Dezona and Chamalore of the Nages not far from the track of Tea lately found to exist so that quarter. from Captain Tigers, llun Scry to dissum Company, 25th Junuary 1$15, lo Sceretary of the Cool Cutmittee. The trial male bs the Assam Company of the mual mmez en Assam ass fumuel talut 1000 mainly Tlie ruie was orgully opened by the Government et lle font of ile Nameanz foills afic! alwm with cual of the finest quality It 19 Busar probable from the raped curress of u Tes manufacture 1 at a Steamer may seen by emingeal by te u assam, alca the coal wall le fal mort important Iron Mr. Smith, Cur ander of the Assam Company's Steamer, to Captain Viagens, llun. Sarretary of the Asurra Company, 21 Jankdry, 1515. I have great pleasure in mnf inng rou that the mal I metired at the Txiko nirer mat the best I crer balco boala S***, 6c erat not steam quxler # tout cinder, and for spenor to ans coal un Cakut', &c, ·113 UPPER ASSAM: SUFFRY AND DISUNG. 58. The Disung river enters the Burrampooter near the mouth of the Dikloo, but takes a more oblique course along the foot of the lower range of Naga hills. On one of its branches, the Suffry, a tributary falling into the Disung, at a distance of about 30 miles from the confluence of the main river with the Burranpooter, coal lias been found at several points, as well as on the inain branch of the Disung itself, at Boorhath about 20 miles above the confluence of the Suffry. No. III. Suffry. 59. The Suffry river extends in a south westerly direction for a distance of 18 miles towarls the Diko coal fields, and in this course intersects several large beds of coal. 60. Lower Suffry beds, at a distance probably of 6 or 7 miles from the confluence of the Suffry with the Disung river, several beds of coal, no less than cight, were observed by Mr. Bruce to intersect HET Hivi Mamaha S (2 "דיוידי the stream and the banks of this river. The annexed figures are reduced from a drawing by Mr. Bruce of one situation in which the bed of the river Fig. 2 is intersected in three places by great scams of coal which are also seen rising up into the bank Fig. 3. The bed a is said to be 12 cubits or 18 feet in thickness, and the bed lis 25 cubits or 37 feet 6 inches. Mr. Bruce raised a quantity of coal liere from these beds at their projecting points--but having been acted upon by the water, he did not think it of such good quality as the following :7 ون | باگ 72 61. Half a day's journey further up the river, or probably 3 or 4 miles at the utmost, the navigation is very difficult. Mr. Bruce came to a bed of coal 24 cubits or 36 feet thick, or rather, as would seem from his drawing, two beds separated from each other by a thin band of 'stoncs,' shale. Figure 4 is copied from Mr. Bruce's drawing of the out-crop of coal; d, c, and f, e, seem to be two distinct beds running in the direction of north east, appearing both on the island i, and opposite bank--5000 maunds were raised from this out-crop in 1828, and a boat-load sent to Calcutta for trial; this was pronounced by: Captain Forbes to be equal to English coal, and superior to any native coal of this country which he had cs scen. Extract of a letter from Mr. A. H. Landers, Special Assistant to the Commissioner. « The upper strata of coal is six feet high, clay forming the roof. The bed dips at an angle of 40° and burics itself so as to prevent me from tracing it above 100 yards. I am certain it could be worked at a trifting expence." Limestone, Mr. Landers had reason to believe, occurs under the coal. Another bed of coal was pointed out to Mr. Landers on the very top of Namsang Purbut, bearing south—but size and distance are not mentioned.

·UPPER ASSAN 111 G2 The first beds Figs. 2, 3 are situated at, or but a short distance alorc the rapi is. From this to the fast described bel Fig 4, the stream is obstructed with stoncs, trecs, and laiges of rock, over wluch the water Olls, as Mr Bruce describes, with a loud noise, nevertheless Jír Bruce managed to get boats up to the coal Lois, and to bring away several thousan) maunds by this means. The river 13 described as very tortuous, 80 that the distance for lieli a rozd would be required would not be great. IIills containing clay aron arc Korked fur that orc, and dr Drucu's ketter contains drawings of the method used by the natives of the place for obtaining it, which we need not copy as this is merely by sinling wells to a depth of 10 to 40 femt into the summits of the " Iron IIills," and raising the ore up by means of a bamboo (for they harc no rope) natlı a hook at the end, to which a sicher basket is attached From the summit of the iron lills, the ore being in the form of round boulders 14 rolled down the lull, an I collected and worked on the spot, or conveyed in canoes, to thic forge Thc only demand at present for iron in this quarters the manufacture of dars, axes, and spears Thosicioity was, at the ]xrial refurred to, a dense forest. 63 Tyroo Ghat At Tyroo Ghat, a distance probably of scien or eight miles higher up to the Sutirs, coal of superior descrition has also been found to occur, with clay iron stone Specimens of Loth the coal and thic oro harc Leon transmitted to the Committee, for thu result of analysis of the firiner, so don 62 in Letter from Cojlan Jenians to Captain II B Ilenderson, Yo 167, 414 Voy 1937 In conunuat or of my Irtters of the Gth and 25th ulamo, I hare now the honor to furward a copy of a hiter of the 2011 ultimo, from Mr C A Drure, regarding the caal beds workel by hora under the d rections of the lase D Soli, Lsure, Goverier Generals Agent, on the banks of the Suliry, a small stream which falls into the D suing Wuilder From the observations of Mr Bruce there appear to be several strata of caal in this drection and sorue ponderably lower doma ile stream than where to commence I operations, and though he con lered diet further du in, to be of anf nor quality to wbat le soled, yet I should think there was lastle doubt but good coal would liave been fuurul below in the deeper strate Mr Bruce alludes to laung heard of cual being ſo md in the Dillo and also in a niver below Dl ergong (Dlsemsk) and to the very numerous position in which Petrol um springs / ase been discovered under the aga lills My preceding letters have giren information of il e existence of deep beds of coal m the Bosree Diing, and coal was found by Captain Tilcox in two or three places in the Roa Dihing-coal kas I kemise been founul in Lower Assam in the streams of the Jummnna, Dyong and Kopli , so that I concelle we have every grounds for suppong that a tery cifensive coal tarmulon borders the Nagal ulls along tle a hole kubern fronter of Assam, as far west as the Jyntcah country I was in great fopes that should have been able to avail mysel or the presence of Sfr Asustant Surgeon Chelland of con on bus late diputat on to Asam, to have some of these beds examined by hun, but unfortut ately il e wesson d d rot admt of it, and the information I have u therefore in my poner to rubret is gleaned from the lurried or impuritt m pections and accounts of un rentfic obserters-lut of the Committee are, ruh myself, convinced that there lies aking the southern hil of it as salicy Bencs of carbonule rous fornatons unequalled in extent by any set disorcrel en Ind 2, and as me fare esong reamino blere contanung some buds of coal of excellent quality, the Committee mell, I trust, conjr the further exam natum of slr trace << country in question a batter of sufcunt importance to use el em to recommenl the sul jest to dle note of GutCTIMEDLE IS not imagine that the coal u Llely to be frought to use for the special paispose *l sch I belere the Commisttee is waxpary in rich the supply of the Goremo ent Sleim letsels and Busts, yet froin its superior qualis mar ke mal alle fut of'set pxublic wants wlucls cur nof now be inct cicept froin forma or as d stant sources Pitalould the cos! Elle « lium be em present Actrine, fust use a Cakutia or tle Pext of India, the ful desclopment of our abu alant resources 11 t. Irault tuneral may be deact of ile establshment of Ixal manufactures, or el 11s caren on to le Farem l'rofumere, and the prxdixclot of results! I ly benefi val to the trale and connexe of Bengal Icom der i kuwcses que neces uy ti abiert to the main purposes to *! ich ar estenuse deposts of coal may be turned to produxtire kevu 11, but I *«Il to draw ile Contrittes fent101 to the 1 nate contentcloxit toal Lds hol er minerals of the ! bent taler Innen!', no pin lalle suurenurnts of te kroan coeulxerce of these si li coal in the yarre Local stocran Langsur cartal = 1 101 » jrorum, whul appear onlr ta was these sumul iyle u ralual' to desta c ** 29yf die same rs ont G ·115 UPPER ASSAM. the table of analytical results of Indian coal. The size and circumstances of the Leds in tliis locality are not described. 64. Iest Tyroo. Other beds liave been observed west of Tyroo Ghat, and approaching towards the Dikloo ;-but like the last, particulars as to extent are wanting. 65. Sercral beds of inferior coal are also said to be intersected by the Suflry in the lower part of its course, not far from its junction with the Disung, regarding which we have no particulars. Letter from Mr. C. A. Bruce to Captain Jenkins, 20th April, 1837. I have the pleasure to acqunint yon, for the information of the Coal and Iron Coinınittee, that I was deputed by the late D. Scott in 1828 to cxamine the Suffry river, where the coal had been seen in its bed, and to extract the coal if possible. I found a vein of coal in the bank, on which I commenced work, but as it dipped inland, I was obliged to work that which was on the river —and to be able to do so. I was obliged to drive stakes and to build a bank all round the sein, and to keep people constantly buling the water out whilst digging the coal. On the upper surface right over the coal I found an immense nun.ber of trees, and ainongst thein inany walnuts. With about 100 men I got about 50 maunus of coal per day, but the lower I got and further out into the river, I found the difficulty greater in heeping the pits clear of water, for when we left off work in the evening the pits filled, and we had to liroir all the water out with bamboo baskets before we commenced operations again. I got two natives to blast the coal, thınking by that means to get it out faster, but I suppose there inust have been too much water, for we could dig the coal out inuch faster with our pick aves than they could blast it. The vein was rather a large one, I should say it Iras 32 cubits in breadth all solid coal—I might have dug 6 to 8 cubits deep into it, and got out from 4 to 5,000 maunds of coal, but am not certain, as I did not keep duplicates of my plans and work which were sent to Mr. Scott and Colonel Cooper. I however have three plans of the pit by me, which I had sent to NIr. Bruce, and copies of which I have the pleasure of enclosing for the Committee--from them they will at once see the nature of the work, size, lc. &c. of the pits, Orer at stoney island I met with the same vein, but did not work there, in not being able to keep the water out on account of the stones. On the opposite side of the Suffry from our pit, there was another vein, high upon the bank, but not more than 2 or 3 cubits square of it could be seen. It was set deep in stones about the size of a man's clenched hand. IIalf a day's journey lower down I saw another rein running right across the river, and a little lower down I saw tno others high up in the banh, I dug a lot of it out, but it did not appear to me to be so good as the one I was working, the outside was rotten coal which liad been sorhed on by the water in the Suffry, but the difficulty is in getting it down froin my pit to the nearest navigable river, there hes a sinall range of hills, on the rout, the pass would have to be cut and widened to permit hacheries to get along. The river again is one of the most dangerous I ever met I had to go up in the height of the rains in canoes and suppose I was the first person that ever did so—after I had got up two or three rapids the current came down with such force, that I was obliged to send about 20 men on a head with coir rope to lash ono end to a bamboo and float it down to the boats-make fast to one, and the people a head would pull lier up, thus each ono was drawn up in succession. The noise of the water rushing over stones, and past the rocks was so great that we could hardly hear one another when standing together. In going donn I lost four boats on account of the short turnings in the river and the rapidity of the current. Coukl the coal lov, er down be worked, there would be less difficulty as it is not so far in the rapids--a fewv rocks blasted in the cold season would make the passage much safer, and by placing large boats at the end of the rapids, canoes lightly loaded, "might employ their cargoes into them and again return the same day for another-but they should be manned with Dooms only. I met with no less than eight different veins of coal in going down, there may be more. About half a day's journey fion the pit I worked theic on sniall hills that have very good iron in them. I went and visited one, and as I happened to send a drawing of it to DIr. Bruce and will copy and sent it. The iron is smelted close to the hill, worked up mto Daws (knives) and sold to the Nagas for cotton, goats, spears, &c. &c. In the Sufliy I met with some oil springs . I found it oozing out of the bank into the river, it was rather of a brownish colour. I also met with it not far from the coal pit, this was of a greenish colour, samples I sent to Mr. Scott and Colonel Cooper. Dy brother many years ago told me that coal was seen in some river belous Dergong, but the people were afrnid to work it , as it was so unhealthy. The Committee know of the coal lately discovered in Naun Cheeh Panney, it is said to be in the Norv Dehing---but I never saw it, and if discovered it would be too far amongst the rapids to be of any use to us. I have been informed that coal ras in the Deeho risci and strongly suspect that it is.

·UPPER ASSAM. 116 Alstract of Coal of the Sufiry. Province District Filu, Locality: Bols. ..... Upper Sulez ..., .. ... Upper Assam, Suffry R......... Tyron Ghit, West Tyrun, Interaccled by the streann, ... *** Lower Suffry Xot describe. Mot duscribed. a 18 feet. 6 37 feet 6 inches c 36 fect Setcral others hat are cified. 91 fict. No Il Duorhatha GG The coal bus at Floorint), occur on tlic Disung ruer, 20 miles alore the confluence of tle Sufiry. Large boats may ascend in the rains for the coal. G7. The first led occurs about a mile from the village of Boorhith at the commencement of rising ground, adjoining the channel of the stream The le of coal is usible for 100 yarus in lingth, to a tickness of 8 fext above the water and the gravel of the stream. G8. Tic ecconxl led is nbout a quarter of a mile distant from the river, at an cleuation of about 50 or 60 fut, and is exposed to an extent of 200 yards in length on the bank of a little water cotirse Toc quality of both these conls aperral to Major Jonline to lie very superior, an option which leas been confirmed liy analysis of specimens sent to the Committee Se No 72, Tullo of Analytical results of Indian Coult Abstract of Conl at Burhat. I'rosince. District Ticid. Locali'y. Det 8 fact Upper Assim,... Disung, Boorhath, ri. Rising Fround near the lead of the river a mile from the river, ... qurter of a mile from the riser of an cesatiott of 50 or GO fert, ......... ........ o fact. XOTE After Adrerting in Jetad to the Lolaili ani Jeypoor lwy, Captain Jenkins trmarku that although no other tracee of coal bare yet been durered in the immed 4c Vicent, 11 11 inpesulale Dot to see from what has already been Ironglt to Ighe, il genral unıf mis of the sole tract, 49 baking to the mal furation witch comprises all the small range of lagt hit. fx 100 ml in till det We may bereafter, Captain Jerid.cne adus, road bruls estend ng far lurer duan louarda ile great navigable channel of t'e Therapa tet, and therefore offering some advantages in regard to transport Ilul as slime adrankazao woll lor canteploalanom bv gresker di Tirailey of Arunare, Berit tolim that we are brillely to all t' An to fred *> points where coulrom Hupra die hele lw worlal nuk more adranlage t an Rootbeth and Jypore The tro streams mix di trarree these derulo ftqucurely, the Rotee Drug and Desem, are the largest nitern on the sulla burk and AwCWfx1411 AM ·117 UPPER ASSAM. No. V. Jeypore. 69. The coal beds at Jeypore are situated near Geeraplong, a small village, 15 to 2 miles from the old Fort of Jeypore, on the cast bank of the Boree Dihung River, at a distance of 40 miles from its confluence sith the Burrampooter, and 100 miles above Bislienath. The beds appear to be large, numerous, and of various quality, and the coal may be raised and delivered on the bank of the Burrampooter at 1} anna per maund. We find it difficult to distinguish the several beds for want of a more discriminating account of the size and quality of each, than we possess at present. 70. On the declivity of a low chain hills, two or three miles in length, extended in S. W. direction, a 9 feet bed of coal occurs, alternating with a soft white sandstone containing “masses” of iron ore, and two smaller beds of coal, one above, and the other below the 9 feet bed. 71. A third bed, 11 feet in thickness, is mentioned as intersected by a ravine or water course a little beyond the I feet bed. 72. Somewhat better than a mile to the south of the last mentioned bed, there are several others trending in a direction of 350°, the line of dip being 280°, and dipping at an angle of 45 degrees into the hillock.” Thus we might venture perhaps to represent these details as in the annexed figure. 73. In addition to the soft red and white sandstone, the other rocks in the vicinity are described as a grcenish coloured soft slaty sandstone, strongly impregnated with petroleum. Extract of a letter from Captain Ilunnay to Captain Jenkins, Commissioner of Assam, 15th September, 1838. Over I only worked the coal to the extent of 15 yards in length and six feet in depth, and although I found a good deal of slaty substance, much impregnated with pyrites on which pick axes struck fire, still I did not come upon rocks, and to all ppearance the vein of coal may extend many yards further down, The breadth of the vein, including partings, is about 9 feet. Examining the beds of two water courses which pass the vein of coal, I found several beds of sandstone of the description called by miners white post ; it is soft and casily broken, and was intermised with large masses of iron ore and softened sandstone. There were also two small veins of coal, though several feet higher than the larger vein, evidently appeared to belong to the same bed haring the same dip and bearing. In another place a quarter of a mile distant, where Captain Ilannay observed greyish coloured soft shaly sandstone, strongly impregnated with petroleum, of which it affords several springs, the surface is covered with fragments of coa). These lead to a water course which intersects a bed of coal 11 feet in thickness, which Captain Hannay supposed to be a continuation of the one he opened. On proceeding down the water course in a southerly direction, about six furlongs distant, several beds of coal appear dipping into the centre of the hillocks. Sec Report Committee, 1841, p. 4, 5.

·UPPER ASSAV. 118 7 Regarding thc quality of the coal sent to Calcutta in 1838 from the first of thiees bels marked a, fic ?, forty zunds were only equal to thirty-two of Burluan From the inferiorty of the coal itsell as well as from the nature of tho shale and san katone abre described, wo miqht venture to infer that the lol from which the simple was derived 18 superficial coal, and that some of tho otlier beds, c, or X, luich do not ar potr to late teen tried, might hasc afforded better results Different bels as may Lo understood from the foregung fourc may be variously thrown up from below, so that the lower ledt (c, ly) włich always constitute the best coal, muy by the displacement to which coul Leds hure been suljettel, bo ns frequently found at the surface in open dir as poser beds of slach enginally occupied a more superficial place Abstract of Coal al Jeypore Province District Fuld Locality Bed. Upper Assim Dorce Dehing R., Jez porc, .. Geeroplony, 9 fuet. Other smaller bels 11 fuct. Numerous other beds, particulars not specifice No IT Namroor 75 Namroop coal 18 situated near Beesi, 21 rullas fron the confluence of the Noa Deling nith the Darranipooter, 10 milcs abore Saillyalı, thus supplying the lulest na rigable point of the latter noer 70 Tho only bel as yet olseried is situatel 3 or 4 miles null of tlc Becsa, on tho bank of thio Nammop river, a tributary of tlıc Boree Dilung, alout 7 miles awit the const rence of these streams, and 2 mil abc the village of Numrop. lli bel of coal is 20 fnt til, furning a recipicu overhanging the stream." Thio quality of the coal 13 of the most superior description. rxtract of a letter from Carl Jenkins Commissun rof issam, 19! February 1839 "Capsa 1 II innw mus Dot a sare of the eaus ence of varla icoal, i suprior fact us of transport off reil by which would m' cruise lave lucell n to work 1. in prefreixe tu Jeypore coal But he coull not s well Lave superintended de latourers," cc • Tlemt max first of ccrred by the lat. Capian Diage and Mr Onlus, in April 1834, fuller descriptors on in fut al., Vr Grinds journal now u ler pobl catum TIe lank 11w! ch de toalberaus " 30 feet lob, COLI cl -fly rejem ; ones absorbent alate clay carly acted upons den ene by to #ream The wjacent courury » c w 1 1 200 to 10 fet adnou mng in springe of l'etmirun and lapt, la present the growth dire Tractat Dr med at the confiance of de damronp, 1141 to be as lursus the Tweel at halos The Simple are altret er gansant of the nature and use of coal, anal Captain Doge remarked, are greater op larger im of it burst u to a brillant fame as soon uignie JI ·119 UPPER ASSAN. lleland of coul on the Mentop. l'irisine Dikirl. Lovility: Dei. Ilir els in Voniranje 1. 2 mil fruin Borst, ! 20 feet. on the (narrit 17,- .droom (miltu Bongal. 77. To give the lire le coils n til tre in tim...". pert, of Bengal, advantage shoull le talen of 1946 hadden on time for le ollursals for bouillin lang from the room forents on the pot. The late Captain l}"* 461.4" Pools polina similar to the us fillose I on the Darso la of building 10714, and lie considered thirt il doporavi olumin in abonats, it woulirality to clomim li treys of carri.ee. . Wismas lioti: 13.1: fusfitri. I. I':'. I miso. Ilth J.11.101911, by sloich it appears that 309 11 in de buit, my lobule.! Buy PW Bospornoull. We my id, teir to another opinion, parii. j, l'ruc. Cett. ooth January inil, to the pill,s! will in, wich with light rail is site to be 10 yeurs. L!!18.12.319 10 randon ft Po!11111 fir r.;- sirk, 4911230) pin for th: (osi ut the bull. ...... Rupees 220 00 ....... ........... ......... Ilonon!! In : ?!, the line noull...! Bora 10.ne's! Intlf*copii M's S., :111 i prosilini ni gf , rures ('.ich per In 114 in two 10/11 - ............. In-ur.in c.f3 prcinil. 01. stranipun fir .11111n fur 10 situ, Cve of 10,000 min mandlil Dillion Hotell, as the Bircamputer, al ? 11111 an Jor inim, r result sluis. ErreinI on the Dune Diling, . 3960 00 230 12 10 625 0 0 Cost of 10,000 mil on deliveri, 5035 12 10 ...... 79. Thus allowing n buwit to malveno trip, il seor freueno tlor line of depoes on the Ganges and Upper Hanum, col mich be delivered for at little more than 8 anni, por mun l, esch boat delivering 1000 paunds annualls--200 Lures would be requi-ile to meet the parent typenditure. 80. Such wat might be eligro-el in fleets of 20 or 30, with a claslic to cach flect. A steamer miglit be employ al if necessary to assist the bots and facilitate their progress. 81. The quality of Sufiry coll is alrearly known to be most superior, that of Dikloo is certified by the munder of the Asam ste mer to be the best collie cier had to do with. Thus although it might cost Inorc, its use would be less expensive than in inferior article. X 82. But the beds of Bijnce Dorr, and Junwonn in Lower Assam, particularly the former, should first be looked to, as inuic completely within icach of Bengal.

·UPPER ASSAY 120 Abstract of Curl in Upper Assam Tropiane Distrit Fell Local ty Delt, Doubsecree. Tamber On s I ne Irtween Denza and Chamlakotec Yamsang Purbuh, I not traced 2 pot described G ft Sen D khoo I'. amcan Upper As am Hlbaren Puca Boorl ath cher Pll.nz groun 1 near the bed of the Der abatimile from the 8 fet. llame ml from th crver on an cleta ton of wl or Go fet rii 9 fet 2 fet? Geen bon 3 2 fet? it furt? in youll of Cecrophone Several belse wat cfi2 3 100 y from the loa Dilno norit FJeypore Torce D ling 5* Tamron Total Ti Inesa 137 reten ·121 KURRIBARI BROTVN COAL. 83. Kurribari is a low hilly tract situated at the great flexure of the Burrampooter, where it emerges from Assam. The hills apparently 30 to 50 feet high, consist of soft sandstone and beds of clay intersected by ravines. They are thickly wooded and overran with jungle. The face of the country continues pretty much the same for a distance of ten miles into the interior, when the levels begin to rise more abruptly, and at a distance of 16 or 18 miles, elerations of 1500 to 2000 feet occur, forming the lower and outer skirts of the Garros mountains. The Kalo river rises on the face of the Garrows, and taking a westerly course, enters the Burrampooter opposite to the village of Chilmarce. It is navigable during the rains to Putamaree, a distance of 11 miles from its mouth, Thin beds of a dull carthy coal occur in three distinct localities on the north bank of the river. 84. Salhora, 3 miles inland from Putamaree on the north bank, a bed of coal 21 fect thick occurs alternating with slate clay and friable red and white sandstone, covered with boulders and a deposit of earth. The measurements of these beds are not given, but the whole section does not embrace above 20 or 30 feet. The strata hero appear to be level. The hills in wliich the coal is situated are from 70 to 80 feet high. This is of a dull brown carthy coal, see No. 91 in the Table of Analysis. It burns freely with a bright flame and might answer for steam purposes although the expenditure would be larger than of ordinary coal. 85. Mirampara. This is situated 3 miles eastward of the last described. The same alternation of beds takes place here, with the exception of boulders. The beds in this situation dip 150 to the west. The bed of coal is somewhat smaller than the last, and of a more carthy nature. 86. Champageree. This locality is intermediate between the former two, and about a mile further from Patamaree, the beds here consist of slate clay, impure carthy coal, boulders, and clay; they dip 25° to the east. 87. These beds appear to belong to one or more small isolated basins of a spurious coal formation, and are not likely to lead to any important result. The coal resembles specimens of the brown coal of Bornholm, and will probably be found to be equivalent to the brown coal formation. Mr. Sweetland submitted proposals to the Committec for working these beds on the part of Government. Doubtful however of their value, the Committee required before hand to be put in possession of more satisfactory samples than they had seen. These Mr. Sweetland undertook to supply on certain conditions which were complied with, but failing in his objcct the proposal was abandoned and should never be renewed. Abstract of Gundoopara Brown Coal Formation. District. Field. Locality. Bed. ........... Kurribari, Gundoopara, Salkoora, Mirampara, Champageree, 21 feet. 2 feet. 2 feet. ............ ... 88. This brown coal formation is not to be confounded with the indications of bituminous coal in the sanie district, afforded by drifted specimens in the bed of the Bonarosee river, sec para. 41, Lower Assam.

·SYLHET COAL DISTRICTS 12 89 These arc five districts or tracts of country on the easten frontier of Bengal proper, in which beds o coul lave been found, together with three tricts in sluch the indications are so strong as to leare little doubt o These districts are all immoliately a ljoining Sylhet. Eleven beds of coal live already beer discovere l in them at various points during the last 30 years. The attegate thickness of coal that has been thu asccrtained in tlic Sylhct coal districts amounts to 8: fect 11 inches, wluch is probably not half their contents. its clistence 90 Withroguril to Sylht t coal gercrally, its quality being superior, it will on that account always lire thic preference for scz young steamers Bat for mer navigation it would hire the a lvantage of all other coals for the suprly of the Sunderbunds at Kulna, and Commercolls, as well as Bauleal, and the lower ports of the ganges 91 Carringe from Sylhet to the latter station, or to Calcutta, being consileral by boatmen as ono ani the same, the rites at which Cherra coal may be deliverel at both places would of course bo alile llenco at Brulcılı it is obvious this coal would have a decided advantago over Burdwan for tho supply of tho urper parts of the Ganges Mo I Doorgapore 92 The late Commissioner of the N I Frontier, Mr Scott, was aware of the existenco coal in the Garrow lulle. It has lcon sented perhaps on lus authority that there are two beds in the vicinity of a village called Doorgapore, twenty or turty miles west of Laour on the corresponding declivity of the same range, sjxcimen of good coul from this quarter was presentel to the Committee in 1837, but no Laformation has sinco Len obtained on this sulject. Abstract of Coal in the Garrero IIills at Doorgapore District. Fuld Localities. Bods. Sylbct, Doorgapore, Guron Rulls, Two, conjectural NO II Laour 93 Our informatı n of the esistence of coal in Sylhet gors as far back us 1813 Enquines : 1 jarval were clue fls directed to the bulls in the neighbourhoud of Laur, fruns the number of dnftel pieces o co fuund in the streams. NOTES Extraore of al dier fom I) Sinall, 1.squirt, O G Suinema Espare, Chef Secreary # Gorevet av iemer 14th February 1983 • In cent niat n of the rulject of my better to four slidress of daxls, *E, I bez turun 11 e Role Ilmkle ir cioremar Cereral un Coxonil I od 21. roles of clou dobu mules alure Dwwgarve out the Smarec lurer 23 d. Grey « Sus ferk, eng 1 smoliai le that mosals for the axe o ile scam vesel m plot be spiele beste repedya wrnt from ARA" In the Corntuitee letter to Ind. xlisle des Izce 1, he Cracked haltica per me karch. Ex la collette Da Se Epos C 1 ·123 SYLIET. 94. Patli River. Rolled pieces of coal derived, Mr. Jones supposed, from several sources, are plentifully found in this river. Some of the tributaries entering into it from the mountains bring down abundant fragments, which from their appearance led Mr. Jones to conclude that some came from more distant, and others from sources near to the plains. 95. Susung. A little beyond Seripore or Cheripore, and near Susung, is a small rivulet in which there is a 9 inch bed of coal. 96. Second Runge of Mountains at Laur. On the top of this the natives who accompained Messrs. Jones and Stark in 1816 pointed out a bed of coal of good quality 2 feet thick. Abstract of Coal in thc IIills at Laour. District Field. Locality. Bed. ...... Not traced. 9 inches. Sylliet, 1 Patlie River, 2 Near Susung, 3 On the top of the second range of inountains, Laour, .......... 2 feet. No. III. Disung River, 97. In tlie Disung river and its tributaries Mfr. Jones found fragments of common coal but in less quantity than in the rivers at Laour, so much so, that 15 persons were seven days in collecting one maund without finding the source from whence any of the fragments were introduced. 98. Nevertlieless the fragments were there, an unquestionable proof of the existence of coal. It would be erroneous to draw any conclusion from the abundance or scarcity of the fragments as to the probable extent of thie beds, since large beds might exist apart from rivers or tributary streams into which fragments could not find their way. Such is the case at Cherra Ponji, where no fragments of coal can find their way by natural causes from the mines into the adjacent rivers which consequently contain no fragments. Abstract of Coal on the Disung. District. Field. Locality. Bed. Not traced. Sylliet, Undescribed........ Disung R., ...... . No. IV. Between Panatich and Bunsikora. This locality is not laid down on any map we have seen, but it is somewhere intermediate between Cherra ind Laour. Two beds of coal are found in this locality, ·SIIICT 124 99 Barachara Thug lad was discovered in 1817 then 200 mannds were transmitted to Calcutta fur trial an i approsed of The quality was founl to improve st Il furtl er tl derper the bed was panetrated much nduced Vr Stark the gentleman to whom the discovery wa4 dog to espect that the quality froull crentually qual that of English conL The size of tins bed 13 not espressis stated but it was undosat od to be about 6 fet in thichness anl so consement to water carr age that boats might be loaded at the mine Ulr Stark xperienced somo opposition from parties in Sillet in regard to workınthis coul, which together frith tho uccess of Vr Joncs un Burdwan caused it to be abandoned soon after its discovery 100 Vessrs. Inglsanl Co of Chattah, it is said aftern nrus erpen led some four or fire thousand apocs on tl 14 coal, which they wcro obl gel to abun lon in consequence of its beu g impregnated with sulphur This pecul arıte does not seem to have been alverted a tle result of the original trials made in Calc atta bithio ubi c a uthorit as to wl on samples were sulm tied nor in the trials made of it by 1r Jones a good antonte Admitting it to be the fict, all coal being more or less sulject to th 3 imparty, it is not a sufficient cuse for Tandon ng a bed some parts of 1 h ch may be quto free from such objection. In the presen instance the bjection rests on no defn tc authority 101 Clatra Gor This bed, wl ch 187 fret Gincl es tluck was d scorcred in 1814 by Vir Stark and ximined two years after by Vir Jonc ly whom it as abandone l in fivour of the Barachara bal, para. 99 which was more conscient to water carriage 102 Tl o foregoing bels ani in cations of corl 93 to 101 have been neglected since 1816, when nquiries were given upon to Ss11 et districts fro n t e diſliculties with which il og wcro tł on Lesot thic hilly ind mountainous tracts contai i ng coal being in the hins of unconquered tribes anl the demand for coal veing at tl o time comparately small, circ i nstances are nor co npletely alterel, anu a proper crum ration of I es districts would beum to le imperately required. Abstract of Coal let seen Punal c an? Buns kora District 1:11 Locality Bed Ci arra, Syltet Between Panatic and Raphor Baracl ira 7 fet inches. Gfre A1 Cachar and B krante 103 A letter from Capt, in Guthr of tłu Ingin ers, was enter al on the proceed ngs of tlc Committeo n l of Apnl 1812 from ul ch it mperold at 3 ejecimen of coal liat barn foun l in a small wat r course on the J of a lill alx at 100 feet altc the pl in of Cael ar an 11 alf a mile d stant from t) e Arang me a brancb f'te Somna, navigabl fur con i sun is boats for four nuntiis in the year, and for Dnglucs ſur 811 months 101 77. fulloni g 13 tc result of analys 3 of the specimens in quration Spec fr 1. Gainmall matter Carbon Gt 8 20 100 ·-- 125 SYLIIET. It is needless to remark on the interest of such a decided indication of the existence of coal in so favourable a place for water carriage, or upon the urgency and importance of this and other similar indications of coal in these districts being properly enquired into. Abstract of Coal in Cochur and Bikrumpore. District licki. Locality: Bed. Sylhet,.... ........ Bikrainporc, A small water course on the side of a lill, a mile distant from the Arang river, Not traced. V. 17. Tipperak Tills. 103. About two miles from the month of a small river which descends from the lower Tipperah hills, petroleum issues from sandstone rocks near the ball of the stream. Mr. Jones sunk to the depth of four feet into the rock when lie found it become slaty, thus indicating as lie said the presence of coal. Others, he observed, can prosecute the scurel, the place is well known by an adjoining cluster of sınall sandstone hills, tle most remarkable of wlich is called .rpeen and lias a culebrated Mussulman Durg2 on thic top. Abstract of Coul in the Tipperah Tills. District Field. Locality: Bed. Tipperah IIills, , Arpeen............... Ncar thic bech of a small stream at sandstone rock from which petrolcuin issues, Not traced. ....... No. I'II. Chaila Ponji. 106 This conl district is situated in the Khasyalı bills, about 12 miles to the west of Cherra Ponji . It is not perhaps distinct from Cherra Ponji, but it belongs to a different native chicf. It is distinguished by three beds of coal which have only been made known since the attempts to work the herra mines were entered upon in 1839. They were all brought to notice by the natives employed in the Cherra mines, with a view to sliorten tlie distance to which that coal has to be carricd. 107. Byrung Bed. This bed is about two miles from water carriage. It would appear to extend a distance of two or three miles along the foot of the hills, varying in size from one foot to three, and not affording more on an average than one foot of good coul. There are however discrepancies in our information regarding the value of this bed, which time and circumstances can alone remove. Chaila Bail, This is said to be near the Byrung bed. It varies in thickness from one foot to three, but it is said to yield an infcrior coal.

·SYLUCT, 126 109 Jastuk Bed. This is situated higher on the acclivity of the mountain than cither of the two previous will It occurs near the village of Nostok, at an elevation of 1500 or 2000 fect. Regarding the sizo and extent of the bed, there are discrepancies of opinton evincing some doubt; but the quality of the coal is unexceptionable Abstract of Coal at Chaila District Fuld. Locality: DOZ hhas; ali IIills, ........*** Claila, ................ Byrung lonjs, Chaila, ... Justuk, d.tv. 1 to 3 fect 1 to 3 feet 4* fict ... 14.4 ... N VIII Cherra Punya 109 Cheira Ponji 18 situated on the brow of a table land composed of horizontal beds of sandstonc, raised abruptly to a height of three or four thousand feet from the plains of Sylhet. This table land is cappel ly small groups of hills rising abruptly from it to an additional height of two or tliree hundred fect, afurug limestone caverns and Lold icturesque scenery. 1 The precipices of shich coal forms a cousiderable part, are 30 or 40 feet high, fucing the station of Clicrra, from which thuy are not aboso a milo distant, they consist of coal, limestone, and sbale 110 The annexel Fig C 13 inten led to afford an idea of the general situation of these coal beis. Above the coal there arv usually a few bols of soft sandstonc, loose sharp sand, and clay These aro succeedel by the Lxds of slınlc, the coal varics in thickness from 2 feet 8 inches to 28 fect. The coal rests on beds of Llachesla shale, passing into thun beds of sandstonc, followed by a fus thun beds of a dull dark coloured gnity limestone, Luncat vluch, a compact darh lluush or blachisha grey limestone contas.ng sl.clls occurs. These rocks consisting evidently of the per les of the coal formation, rejuose on horizontal strata of rundst nno already sllu led to as forming the talle land. llic cual is expweal in the particular situations at Cherri 111. Iirst, on the left of the roal entering Cantonments, thic cigo of a Led 28 fect in thicknees Currus & nu icrabic portion of a pncijic (nt 1 in die anderal Sketch) This is tho nimaret bel to the plans, and die ono chefly workel to sprly tho cuil sent alonn to the Presidency It lias recently ken (vanl by dntipo galleries into ilic hall that thic coal becomes thinner, anlarıxars to weige helf out the further it is pursled underground, so that what appears to be a 23 Cuct la at its es; osur the precipice, thuns down it is said to 7 or 8 fire. 112 About a mile from the last rentional, another Lol of coal presents itsell, 2 lict 8 incier ua thaclars, at An, this is also in n prxcipice facing Cantontunts, Tlus kelius not, tre Inline, been workel 111 Tic thin bal (3 in the anncsel Shekel) is silastel proballs about mle distant frym Nu 2, 3 an sposon of coal about 17 fict tluck on the orixute declity.

·127 SYLHET. 114. These three exposures of coal were known at Cherra since 1833. Whether any subsequent disa coveries have been made we do not know; nor do we know whether these exposures all belongs to ona and the same bed making its appearance in different situations, or to several beds. To determine this point would require more geological nicety than has yet been applied to such objects in India. 115. Serrareem Bed. This coal which also belongs to the Cherra Ponji Field, is situated several miles further in the interior of the hills, at about the same elevation. It consists of a large bed of superior coal, 12 or 15 feet in thickness, but quite inaccessible at present as regards the plains. Its application to purposes of local improvement in the manufacture of iron will be considered in the proper place. Six or eight native forges burning charcoal are now carried on in the village of Serrareem, which stands ou this bed of coal, and there are probably 200 forges altogether in the vicinity similarly circumstanced, the manufacture of iron being the characteristic employment of the people. Abstract of Coal at the Chcrra. District. Field. Locality. Bed. 28 feet. Khasyalı Hills, Cherra, '1 On the left of the road entering Cantonments, from Mosmye, 2 Facing Cantonments,.... 3 Opposite declivity from the last, Serrareem, 2 feet 8 inches. 17 feet. 12 to 15 feet. ...... General Abstract of Coal in the Sylhet Districts. Province. District. Tield. Locality. Beds. Average size of each bcu. Tect. In. ... ........ ..... ...... ................ 0 9 ......... 2 0 Two beds conjectural. Not traced. 9 inches, 2 feet, Not traced. 7 feet 6 inches, 6 feet? I foot to 3, I to 3 feet, * 6 6 ....... ....... ....... 1........... II...... 6 4} fcet? .............. Syllict,........ Garrot Hills, Doorgapore, Undescribed, Patli River, Near Jusung, Laour, 3 Top of second range of Hills, Disung R., Undescribed, Between Panatickſ Charagow,.. and Bunsikora,... Barachara, Klasynh Hills, Byrung Ponji , Cheila, Cheila, Mustuk,.. ſi On the left of the road entering Cantonments from Alosnye, Cherra, 2 Facing Cantonments, 3 Opposite to declivity, Serrarcem, Near the bed of a sinally stream a saudstone rock Tipperah Ilills...Arpeen, from which Petroleum flows, A small water course on the Cachar, Bikrampoor, side of a Hill } mile distant from the Arang N., 28 0 28 feet............... ......... 8 ..... 2 feet 8 inches, 17 feet, 12 to 15 fcet, 2 17 13 os ...... Not traced. Not traced. ........... 84 ... Total of ascertained Coal eighty-four feet eleven inches, ..... ......

·128 ARRACAN. Thus prouince may be divided into three coal districts, 1 II III The northern consisting of indications of coal between the southern point of Ramrec and by ab Tho central districts comprising the southera parts of Rainreo and adjoinin, Islands, Sandoway or southern district. 117 In these districts 11 berls of coal have been cxamined, affording an aggregate thickness of 15 fort 8 inches, being an average of 1 foot 5 inches for eich ledd, tbe largest not exceedin: 20 inches. Where these bals are not exposed to the influence of the tu les below bigla water mark on the coasts, they are so much archned, or in other words place in such a vertical position as to render it difficult to work th in In other respects tot 10 of these beus afford superior coal But the best coil yet derived from Arrican las len found in dctnchal masscs, unbedded in san l sud clay at heang Deng on the western coast of Itarnru, ani on tlo Islani of Duggh, as well as a small range of bulls at Sandoway, thus unequivocally proving the entry in these vicinities of large beds of coal in this irovince In the northern as well as southern disizions of the province, the rocks associated with coal arc san Istones and shales. la the central das ision, limestone of dath gritty cluaracter are described as accompanying thesc ruchs. I Northern District of alssalox Casse 118 Bolunga Islands. These are three Islands, each about 20 miles in length and I trulo Broal, placa parallel to each other formirg the southern side of the barbour at Akyalı Tic svuthern cxtrimitics of ulcso Islands sem to be composed of sandstone of the coul furination. On the western coast of Augne heung, an l about 2 or 3 milet from its southern extremitr, coal occurs in three n lyoung but distinct situations enbject to the tule The struta dijing S W by W In one place the bel of coal appeared to Lo 3 or u fest Lluck, in anotlıur 18 inches, a tlurl still less. 119 At the southern extremity of the maillos Island coal occurs, also alterating with san long, dipping to e' cast. Thic in lications affordel by the dip in these las lances are interesun, as unling Hesabliss thu (Iestercu of a small aub-marine coal Latin at thus plan 120 hyal 1"yt. At the harbour of Kyok llisu coal is fu in sa thra s fustning naner, in tlo 1 arlour itself at a tin wlure it is subject to the flerco of dcules, and (u No suall lileo's kelu frat of thol arlour ·129 ARRACAN. The submergel ridye (11) between the Islands and the main land, is composed of sandstone, and is left dry at lov water. The quality of tlie conl is good, but the situation and catent of the only bed yet observed, is such as to render it scarcely worth working. The anncacd figurc cxhibit the circumstances under which this coal occurs, as we understand them from very imperfect descriptions. 1.1 Abstract of Coal at Arracan, Northern. District. Field. Locality: Beds. 5 feet interrupted bed. 1 foot 6 inches interrupted, very small. Western Coast of Augne Ricong....... Arracan,................. Bulonga Island, ......... Bulonga Island, ......... Southern front of Pence Keong, ... Western Coast of Penec kcong,....... On two small Islands in Raniec, Kyuk Plıyu, front of the harbour, ... S On the main land, 1 foot interrupted. .......... Thin bed. ............ }|Irregular broken bed. ..... Irregular broken bed. II. Central Districts of Arracan Coast. 121. Joong. Coal occurs at Iloong, about sis miles south of the town of Ramree, close to a navigable creek falling into the Sandoway Channel. The beds of coal that have been observed here are numerous, but the Jurgest dues not exceed 20 inches in thickness, and the strata are inclined to a very high angle, so as to render them inconvenient to work. The following are the particulars of these beds. Three thin beds of 3 inches, 20 inches, and 15 inchies respectively, dipping 75° to the south at the south western extremity of the valley of Iloong. The third or 15 inch bed is said to be cut off' by a fault from the two first mentioned, and to appear at a distance of 20 yards om them, causing a local irregularity of dip, as represented at c in tlie following sketch. Fig. 8. in 1. Adams Island m. Chaduber Island ·ARRICAX 190 122 On the northern side of the valley shirting the range of hills in that d rection, there are two strall Leis, at a distance of 2 to 3 miles from the first. One of these 20 inches thich occurs at I, Irohenly a fault and dipping it is $ud 80° west, in one side of the fault, and 859 I. AI. in the other, the second bed in this direction o, is only 8 inches, three quarters of a mile from pluch in an casterly directin along the shirts of the Tills, falls are observed with detaci od fragments of coal imbedded in sand and day 123 hcong Ding On the opposite side of tic Adjcehah lills, at a spot marked a link 8, coal of very superior quality was founl and despatched to Calcutta, but on cumination of ile plico a detacl ad Iroken mns of coal, an 1 onc bel only a flv inches tlich, were found lung near the surfice bencailı projecting ledges of sandstone Wo have no further observation as to the nature and prculiarities of thic rocks in this vicinity Adurnu g Islands, South of Namree 121 On the Jalan ls zomaltately adjoining the souti crn coast of Ramree (Im Fig 8) coal has been f und chiefly 19 detiched broken beds, wluch may i robally be connected with the bel at lloong, as represcntal in forepoing Fig Abstract of Conl 11 the Central District of Arracan District. Fila Local ts Bed. (South Western cttremits 3 anches. 20 incl cs 15 inches 8 inches 20 inches IIoong Valley, T'airce Islan, Suth Istern cstremity, . North Westeri side, Bestern Coast 8 incles. Vasacs of coal dctaclia Keong Dict Chlutun Oni za dolls molle sout' } A thun seam Not traciel Detachel masses of conlamlcd de sin . XOTES Iqport from I i II ich nson dated 1) V., 1912 Amenn from Lat 18 10 10 20 10 nytt! (hes or l xl ch I are not iad an opp ! of esam m) presents can be great int ofe i of trans mor secondary rurks anel only by the frequent orrurrence of dykes of 1neous orga uv pwants of ha c act or edler ext net or a free tatt 119 lle strada, con una of coal Lrat ng analetmes, alak, en il si ferons I nestres aptrar to find the true cale ferous group. b* $1 must retta 1 matier of conjecture of alat the lua am *h le tlow trala mere depus la cousi Tel les munta! to l'amore I land * »sites il 24 fu to te curand of them kes as it las been practicable to ext'ni ne cene i en rely of ile mp/cated coal meat res pot do ele ring mal lcano in prear i actual tm my r 11 up the subjec! te sroetel mutier mus *1 lr ofllte mul, and the loben up memlure of the same rms » with ile ed in only of some stali lomke i muxs of garto make harulstones cnt ut * xr the must from ent men bere of the making day are of all caneurt for very for promed to funerates olie yelk grey, blue and red, to w degrees of landa's generally conta 15 lslrs of ', lan 11 Duta mnth nfluted sturtute ha! ** dele mellout the wry largely dereimpelt the reply thewald SM sT where the IT-* to of the eye ralents to the yellower rocks of Romite, ar fuel et marthant We tor further and a wifi rouw L

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·ARRACAS, 132 126. Tom of Sanılmay. In a small range of hills about a mile from the Town of Sandovas, detached, pieces of coal occur imballed in sandstone. Iliree liet before the surface a bal of sand, occurs 9 incles thich, with numerous fragments of coal. Three feet of sandstone follons, and beneath this a similar bel of sandstono with fragments of coal again occurs. This is succeeded with blue shale, sluich lias not been penetratal. the excavalıon from which the coal had been world, and it was not until a large quantity of rubbish had beea remored that a sam, a few inches thick, of broken coal mized with clay us uncovered Tbe scam is corered by a coarse soft sandstone which slips down in large uregular shaped fragments and has m ich the appearance of having been in porte may chalen throughout, it contains frequent crystals of son pyrites TIe Native authority who sipenntended the colection of the coal, declares that it was foun 1 accumulated on this spot in the same detachel lumps nearly the whole of wlinh he sent into lagree A prug of water and other circumsances shew plamily the existence of a fault passing through the spot and I can only account for the appearance of the coal by suppouung it to be part of a seam broken up and thrown into 113 present place by a rup ure and morement of the contanung rocks po regular seam has been discovered in the neigl bourliool. " The Bolangas," minute srams of coal appear upon " Peney Kyoung" anl the small island at its soutiem extremity Upon " Augrey Kiyoung," a seam about 18 inches in thickness, 3 exposed at the southern extremity of the island, in the meam the shapes of the trees are in a great measure relance: the coal breaks up in slabs across the fibre of the lite tres farting from each other so as to shew their onginal shape and girth, the scam die towards tle sa ( 1 ) at an angle of 55, and is lielow lugh water mark Its enclosing rocks caine: le in a great inca ure with tlose connecteil weils the coal at mulle Were thus even a thicker seam, it would be useless for pracucal purposrs from the peculiarity of its fomation and dp No other menins tate been found on this Islarul " Floong," the edges of the upleased strata here as ume a gmneral dlareturn at nalt angles to tels , the lill ranges running in nearly an east and west direct1012. Ile plaines of loans are bounded on the north ly one of these ranges extending easinerl from the foot of the Adjechah hills, troigh a distance of ** milca to the ara shore on the soutls are interrupted ranges running nearly parallel sc, and at a distance of a mile, or in le end half from the furtner fx two miles, after which they dierge towards the south east Tlie upper end of the valley as closely rangea runnu & neatly north an l south Three distinct scams of coal appear at the western or upper extremite, one of n luch is a dirty seam 3 or 1 und es in the cinese The second is a frgular clean coal seam 20 inches in thickness These 1wo lic corſormably nuh 80 feet of care sandstone between them They dip 75° southward and can be traced some bendreil feet drough to bu'l to the westward. It was from the thacher of these means that a large specimen was sent to Calcutta under the denomination of Huong coal" They are cus of on the cast by a fault running NNW. and S S E, on the oppoute si le of which end 40 feet anothwart on the Ine of divisa catron, a tud veam crops up to the day This suni, 15 inches in thickness, and dps taconformabils 13 de other seams, Go towards F S E Ils enclosing mels are also al Ferens being the Ledel saxlulones and slate class, ouve mule further ewrward wa fnd a thin seam of foul coal, and a quarter of a mile further a sim 8 inches in thicknese, kod adraining another ball mke wo have more fil coal, from a hxh spot follow me the netlem range, we have minute rus en other wulacalaris oleval nearly to the scale Rietuming to the point fri Nared from, and following te hul on the other side of the valley, we have at a distance of 11 miles underclay containing munute Luts of roal; one mule {mti or there is a xam of coal cut by a fas's, aal dijaring in two different dractions, the one being 60° west and the other 83' E. X. In the scsm on one e le is 20, and il at og tienery inches en tu tiems, the rocks teenblutline of the 321 seam at the appes end of the valley Threr q larters of mur furthyre camurd, a collection of underclay coetang detached pieces of mal, atuned. It proved to be us feet in kaçtı, 3 in domaith 1 ?f in depth, lang in the upper part of a fault passeng throuel gellow sanalaton, the red or whxh appeared as be Clied up that'ze mixturn of an and clay The frent artistence of this coal seans o'r cather le of the ralles would print out de spox as the fell for any further experunnits which mal led versnel up. Xose el blue wames present town are of ufkient thxhuest to be time to practical use The great complexity of the downtomis mothel's sty! tatimpanoul, to exertain the relatie metna of the samt to each other, or to ol 911.75 tag Ihre prol allt sum lorem lite borgere lyn teiere surface surtes, a''svugh this great dp of all the resoul of N her great faoirs for ch 1*** The pia leing compete with a deepeal with lust fir deep water courses Sert we can onle be olta selle woon! I'm ! "1 trtem, and Tere ti e ruamauation is sigert 17 ct : { herripiend compleats! If a repetida l *** »> txi's air, notlom trul't ta lumalt at tuzile a completext of the mºre Is.pke til at t'a eral leares trata wlab Talepy

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·131 TENASSERIN PROVINCES. 128 Four coal fields arc indicated in theso provinces. I On the Great Tunasscrim river, 67 miles above Tonneerim Town II Above the falls of the Great Tenneserim III On the Thuan hhan or great branch of the little Tinassenm riser IV. On the Lenhei river The first of these are mere indications, the second consist of a six feet bed of crop coal si lich has already been worked to some extent, but abandoned as of inferior quality The third or Tluan Khan coal field 13 decide lly the inost important, both from extent and situations as well as the superior quality of the coal. It was at first suppose I to be situated beyon l the boundary ringe of lulle, but such as not the casc, so that there is really nothing to prevent this from becoming the most important coal in India, particularly for the supply of Ceylon and the Straits. Of the fourth Tenasscrim coal fiel I, we as yet know nothing more than existence on the banks of the lenlıca ruler NOTIS. Teport on the Coal of the Great Tenasserin, by Caplan Tremer leere, Lareulire Engineer, dated 1011 June 1811 This coal field 19 xztuated on the Great Tenasserim nrer about sixty seven miles from the port Locality of Bergen . The delta of the river occupies twenty mules of coast, within wluch space there are many outlets, bussle navigable channel discharges itself three miles south of the Toms Ius course is ucending as a wosch easter direction for thirty-eight mles, when it turns skuldenly to the northward, st 14 here jo ned by the little 'Tenesserm neer from the south, and clic ancient cap tal of il e province, the town of Tenassenin 15 situated at the point of junction Tl. coal is 17 miles d te north of Tenasserım but the suorities of the neer discrease the distance to twenty nine miles The banks of the nyes are in a few places one bendred and one hundred soul twenty Farls The tirer part, but two hundred yards may be called the average breadth above Tenaiserin below this i 18 in no part less than three hundred It alischarges a large body of water during the south west monson, the greatest d ference of Irel » Frert #rumos obsen el at the coal site is thirty fire feet, and though there w a nise of Idle a Viergue of 18 feet om at anchor there during il e freshes are said not to tw: 1g to the flood At Tenassenm the daily nec an! full us G fees *1 kli, ruxteen mles i gher op * reduced to 1} fict, and though le lughest springs are felt within eight m les of the coal, the aude cannot be sud to Awst narige ton for more than fifty four miles 3 1 passed up lle nter for the purpose of unspering the coal mine beiween ile 12:11 and 16th of Apr?, c7 the dannel is confined to pearly its narrowes Imt For 11 e first forty mne miles it 1 Ledle Tecil prout of ur leyly teel az 5** of #24011, is a Tunds for indstance & hroad and deep thapnel entrely free from rocks or otler impul ments ar 11 Ha]] times ft for lani navigation of any desnptonn Abore this le course becomes more torturous, and to Oructions in the buyer of its bed increases by a furrrenon of plamy, its al es of wluch prekeni, u kn, ' Tulgen of gravel arts te dream which cannot be aroles They are fourteen in hun ber, 1 at the difference of level at earh step ut not giral, anal the currat rotarrekaled therly Any one point to more tlan 4 Irs pxT loe The depth of water alore in Lek - was usually 3 fret, Let on the game I PUMA 11 rarel fiuman I fut 10 inches to 1 fxtGuxles and 13 inches. They are from furly 10' gards to extent, and femmin the werel banks anne sadden turns in the ytreun. Ju ndih fue de la egiten m les *as iry Taralds, but I want you! Picerie 'walance of waterway, and no outer ol structors than the banks Jua described. At the poi alle ty t'e year wus restextel w 70 feet wah current of 3Inots, the current 11 other parts ls 3 abvert 2 kpoes

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·TEYASSERIJ PROVINCES 136 Lot on tho cast bank they attain twice that altınde at a d stance of three or four miles from the niet valley consists of coal formation, such as thin beds of shal, containing impress ons of plants, alternaung it! thin bols of courso sandstono anal coal, partially sub-disided by low hills composed of clay slate and porplirry along the flanks of which an out crop of coal 15 observed Te shales from the roof of the coal / are numerous regetalle impress mys but of small size, and they appear to be alsed to ex ung species. Tle ser es of beds abore the coal 1 cl are scen in the oppor te side of the nrer and will be herealce Jexenbed amount ag to 500 feet, cons ich efly of soft s! ales of ranous colours, sandstore and stale con lomere com, malo the debris of other strata with lar to the ron Tl ey are also intersected in two places by parallel dykes of gneots roche but txme of t! em seem to hare undergone that degree of pres. ure and solidifcation wlch es apparent in coal measure sl ales of the oller pwroods, nor hare tl ere been yet been any spec men of organic substances amongst tlem to kullorite kleur kwing ref Preil tereta 10 In dc absence of gu des by mich test gestions are usually decided and wth the anomalous el aracter of lo alymo s mches the true nature of tl e coal mu i be determined by extemal cl aracters, by u bel asiour in the fe and by its compt 01 11 It us found in a hard and sold bed cons sting of laye s of slaty structure parallel to the The qualty of Ceral. Leù ind 19 cas ly separated in tl at d rect on Between the lumn there are the latcs of arsetumal Iron Tyntes Itu bere gli inte k rface un culo dal peces wh ch do not honerer preserve their se under row la treatment Ite cross facture in corul o dal anxi it is abrous dr ding into the plates in the opposite d rection, while its flat surfaces preset ranged appear ce mu h resem! I ng ile ning ng of wool as seen in transrerse weet ons. Its lustre is someal at gliste ng we feally broken on de mine a 1 colour dull blach b tal er exposure to the atmoep! ere it loscs tl uppe i apce and ask mesa brown black color ? Iz d xs ngt so] the fngers but 19 defic ent in tl at glow" or metall c lustre wld is em nently claras torstc of mecral coal Its specific gtar ty is 1 2 In the flame of a spant lamp it exl bits some imflammall gas and me of a mala ant y of bowTa o ly turen it does not snel end em ts but little smoke It conse is clueſly of carbon and traves wien well burnt a very small gropurtun of res Jue 100 Grans of us coal & ses Or Volatie mat er Grans 9 SO Soluble i atter -94 I wlulle matter Lartl y te duc, 166 بابا 100-00 In an open fre i reſuses to enflame * il out the act on of dr bellows, and * 11 none lo so « il nut a strong draug! t. 157rn Lurat 1 tl ofre is appra ance rory muclu resembles that of common charcoal to the plates before menLoved souming ws dre rent shape ohuertable chanted Ronal Tle conclu on lo wl ct from the foregoing considerations, I are amivel , dat At Lelongs tn 1520 d xap * of cnal termed wool coal or lim te 13 I serca! Vi o one beat determ nel in the laboratory It buma well n the fires of the Manne Iorme at 1 cm ne arul ma dit uy us frin 1 tl pro in feeping up the team TIe fre ba's were placed at small interrat to rut the cost l hulal to leak up in a smal, seer To rate of capend ture I ad been determined as the bee was worked mach un ler */ power to wore d m d at Madras in the Ind. Steamer ani do report by the Corrmander Captain IIroderma an I of the C efla prerar mand 1 ch was pultslelis ut factory Il as stated to try are grat care and labre to manage the freewel uint more than I tre redd 1 te B Fan ceal that it has a strong leat ard con J keep good con la careful for 11 con ampt when comparez loro.. I tu mi nous toal mat estima ed 4 to 3 duru gert tralas! com 106 1. nuls, grafoert Ihr cleanllone M other statements whæl ure not to favourable I Ew that ton weght of the horse mal anar a 16. cul efet T7 -te are at present about 100 tis Sierw d I would sugest that a caselal tal Le male of it a tly to exerty is real Port 19 the duty of Sram to nie 11 I patented to trster 71 01 oftebel, 1 tlesl Juarachs and to exertaa if pooviler por on of e trial Le lects local tr Trgrouml 1 al been pretra ad un futur other place beskes the ao mo led The sprache 2 3 4 5 .n the plund a stotelar del bouloul. l. 2. fase drove hibe 6 feet bed

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·TEXASSERIJ PROTIXCES. 138 from the nature of the coal itself as tol as of the beds with which it is associated. It would seem lotes ct from all we can learn, as well as from samples of the coal, to belong to the upper portion of the coal formation, and it may be a question as turgestel by Captain Trcrenlecre wl ether in a space so circumscribed, and cut off by primitire mountains, the lower and Letter beds of coal are to be expected in this valley impressions and coul, anul at d there is a team of coal cropping out at the level of the riter The Intermediate shales are tan- Ested, bronn, wlute, striped blue and black 16 Section No. 1 represents these beds as they appear at derent points above the level of Thickness of these bois the river along the Ln of bank . B The measurements taken on the line and the wulurn angle el dp gres a total thickness of 500 'ech At the point c tliere is a change in thic rocks, and hard r1 real clay xu's rounded fragments of shalo passes into the shales but without any a'terbauon on the angle of din, and at 200 yards up t'x stream they cease altogether, the bank berzik-n composed entirely of clay. 18 In proceeding higher up the nice *ith view to trace these bels and ascertain their true angle of dp and after passing the bill at T. dle nottlien extrem ty of the lesser rang, t'e e 13 a reach of the nver banng cast and west, or nearly ai nght angles to its general course, and at the western part of this reach I again found the same series of coal Leds well eipnised on the bank for half a mile almg the Ine C D as shown in sectiou do ? Ilicy hare evidendy Leen the cause of this short and sudden bead of the titer The rocks frst appear in this reach rear the point D were for a short d. tance as at b, c, on the other face they are liar lonel ly contact with a dyle of 19:eous rock shreh slions itself at Com the line C D At p soft shales wuh scams of under clay and coal are found, atd. seam of coal crop out as the level of the nrer, which being at the same level belongs without doubt to the same beds winch are indicated on the oil er side of this tongue of land a d The beds upwards from all consist of striped blue anel soft grev shales, the whole testing unormly upon each otlet anu d pping at one angle of 1% up the stream, or to the eastward will we strired at the point of where there is another igneous dyke and the strala are thrown down thereby to the easta aril at an angle of 30°. Theso were followed as far as the prut S' in the Yubou nter to which they conunue at the same high angle, but besond il 19 and for some distance lugher up the labou all trace of them w lost. 19 The correspondence of the bed cc, dd, of the dykes cc, o o anul faults $* S and the phenomena accompanying them leads at once to the inference that the elges of rock as seen along the lines C, D, A, 13, present two miews of the same beds, that their angle of greatest dip 12, anul that they are continuous froin one da of this tongue of Land to the other In cumuung the country inland, the dync o was distinctly marked at various points between 0 and o" and its directon u shown on the plan Ignrous rock was also found at misterrals between e and e' denoting that though these igneous dyles passed through tho coal fch and disturbed the continunty of the bed, they remuned between the two dyles and across the tract between oʻco, wbroken, and resting on one another with great regulanty, at an angle with the horizon varying frorn 7, 9 to 12 degreet. The space covered therely us limiles in length by 100 yards in arerage breadth. 20 The bed of coal at d d I believe to be of the same thickness and qualty as that which Tho workal'e best of Cul 124 been worked at the mine There is in the bed of the stream near the opening of tic mine u , the fractured edge of af tu mi rxh d stuxtly marlel, whicli dps immediately below the coal at the same angle with it, and has bera forced up at the sa.nic pon The being of !! :selte is depreet cast of nonli wluch us denoted by a black dotical line is the plan. The puson of the outcmp of cold lich was arrelst be obserrations co-dependent of the line of learning d'inted 1, su ruly ** masible upon U is line, and the coal shown at these two points formed I concert at one penal contusasus bed. A quantity of Tarl specimens *cte colectal at the pats d d 21 koon as the coal *** pointed out, but lend on a level with arul Leluw the waist wha! gli precipitous back above, the depth of the bed could not be ascertained meal atels, Irstructans hare len 1 ft with Lacat, llulluovon to penetrate the coal peu eie to potnis d, and report ca ube #xlness de Korkup ll without delay forca Qu'uchu talca nadien (om mal ts east, from the content of the lesser ringe at Gets must bank of tenrer at m, shows t'te restare pomen of the roalmbach a been worked on the Lelder at the paint m, where the main t'ia de copate bank It oxo'rles dir shafi ni cher escarilo de depths of ***h are shown at ibes propter level. neppure between de and the titet us corered by www's cast and cities ruperiaal deposito richest any action of coal ·139 TENASSERIM PROVINCES. 131, The 6 feet bed though a surface coal, was worked to some extent, but the result was not altogether satisfactory. The means employed are supposed to lave been inadequate to afford a fair trial. But as the Abstract of Coal on the Tenasserim River below the Falls. District. Field. Locality, Beds. Great Tenasserim, $ 60 miles above Tenasserim in a small valley, of al Town, ... mile from the west bank, 6 feet. ......... 1 they might be found on the west side of the 4, would be suplainct to much uncertainty. The coal at d ts d L would be subject the ris xh it would not be reached feet t lerel of the river. d th "therlo prosccutců on the able m this coal field, that its of the space marhnu? mentioncil. T ate angle of the igneous Y river - ou by a de t of the sp tion The beds are broken off abruptly along the line A. B. and the dep river in the absence of any other indication than the disturbed straſ space to the northward of this between e G. JY, H. and the to the same chances; but supposing be continuous with at any intermediate point between this line at a le asons I am con Recommends the mine, &c. to be abandoned and west ly abandon work to be continued on the the op isferred to t opposite side of the river. plan, and measures within this space lie in ar ourable fo are protected from all but surfac inclinati which dips away from them to the e and th d" o" in the plan at such depth as ma ucet The total depth of these beds ascert is of coal (one most convenient size for us and other beds of workable coal. Experime h 22. The extent of workable considered » coal. northern extre the surface ints d d", and to th reached 'ng 50 fatho but pits fo t along 100 feet bel th oi igneous dykes contingency I sh eastward of the lin her end of the be * Additional Machinery re quired. speed, 40 revolutions per min work to make it available as a and 10 inch lift without air ves winches worked by hand. The necessary and should be supplied immediate use, together with drawin smallest outlay which will enable the s ·TEX ISSCRO PROVINCES 110 olject on lay to the qual ty of t) e coal it may be douł ted ssh etl er any means that could be brought to lear coull improre it, otherwisc tl an by te discovery of a better bal Trwent and start es fetise Tle follox nz S an account of the expenses of the present stall I ment and of that wh cl would be requred of or the the site addat ons lo the macl wery I are been mula For One Month Tresent F tab sl ment Amount. Number regu reut when Machu ery is complete Amoumt. 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 O 0 0 0 4 Suusat 30 rupees, 100 185 JO 190 90 40 45 10 120 20 13 00 185 30 120 1990 40 45 10 0 0 0 0 Superintendent, bub As tant ryeong 10 crveer of 1 sens at 30 nugrees each 3 Struths at 30 rupees each 1 1) 10 st 10 rupees I Carpenter at 45 3 Dont 3 4 D to st 30 1 DOPO 1 lira i Corley at 13 6 Cl- ali de mana and moll imp at 12 4 Cool e rut ng tecs ft tiem ne at 10 fel nimber at 10 10 6 lng and repa ning 10 16 tart) t ce ant role 0 0 Mot requ red after the maclanery 13 erected 0 0 13 -2 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 0 0 1 40 10 100 16 10 100 0 0 o lores from itonter suite] 0 not required after a tra n road is i lacca Total 13-0 0 0 Total, 1100 0 Connet Labor Convict Labor tull} 21 1 21 Com Kts alimt the J.1, Ilo] ww un clarge of torks 1 Carpu ter 8 Sawyer, 3. Culers, 63 la uing away • d heat 02 coa! 10 Tawe 21 los I mak ! 01 111 7 1 11 ly cleaning 9 Cole 31 S k and convalescent at Ir per 8 30 15 Mol tequ red 80 6 11 at 10 per cent for bol ter work 0121 Cons sts at 5 rupees each 0 0 o 0 19 Corets at rupres, Bout lure and other stall expenses 10 GO, Ivo 6 40 20 0 Supremisor of Bamboo Forest 1 Innect 4 Coults on sccount of purl pery #1 12 rupeth 19 I rement direm!! Fyens, Total, 219 100 Toul, ·141 TENASSERIM PROVINCES. Tho fault for which this coal was condemned, and the mine abandoned, was, that it contained pyrites, and was on that account subject to spontancous combustion, but as already remarked all coal contains more or less of this impurity, which affects only particular parts of thic bed and by proper attention may be easily avoided. But independent of this, thic coal itself is only of second or third rate quality. An addition to the salary of the European Orerscer who has the responsible charge of tools, materials, &c., of 30 rupees per month is recommendcil, and I renture to suggest that if the work proceed on the scale proposed the allowances of the Superintendent be placed on the same footing as those of Engincer Officers holding charges of equal importance and responsibility. I consider 2nd Licutenant Ilutchinson qualificd in cl'ery respect to conluct any operations at the coal field that may be determined upon. 23. It is proposed 10 raise the coal from two shafts by means of cattle wheels, which can be constructed on the spot from a moslel which has becu left with Licutenant IIutchinson. There is abundance of good timber at hand (the Peemah) for this purpose. 26. Placing the utmost liinit of cxpenditurc, with the means above detailed, provide for all Price at which conl may contingencies at 2200 rupees per montlı, the cost of coal at the pit's mouth, when the machinery is be shipped at Jergui. fixed and the minc fairly open, may be thus cstimated. If only 10 tons be raised daily from each sliaſt, 20 tons per day for 20 days = 500 tons per inonth at a cost of 2200 rupees. The cost of 1 ton will therefore be 4 rupees 6 ninas 5 qie, or 2 annas G pic per maund. The coal is at present brought down the river on bamboo rafts. The present cost of transport to Mergui by contract amounts to 2 annas 9 pic per maund, being carried on men's shoulders a distance of 1300 yards to the river, but if conveyed on n tram road and lodged upon the raft, for which the new arrangements provide, the cost of carringe to Mergui woull be reduced 10 l anna ī pie per maunl, making the total cost of coal brought alongside shipping at that place 4 annos 1 pic per jaund. 27. While upon the raft the coal is almost wholly immersed in water. Landing it at Mergui To be shipped if possible should be avoided as much as possible, and it should in all practicable cases be shipped from from the raft. the rafts. 28. During four months of the year from 15th Junc to 15th October a steam tug, with tenders lashed alongside, might be usefully cmployed in conveying coal to Mergui, and would perform nine trips in the month, but owing to the sudden turns and set of the strcam in various places before noticci, together with the shallowness of the water and the rapidity of the current at those parts during the rest of the year, I am unable to suggest any better or more economical method of conveying coal down the river during that period tlian by the bamboo rafts liitherto used. 29. There is no apprehension of a deficiency of bamboos for their construction for an unlimited Supervisor of B:amboo period, but to secure an unfailing supply within a moderate distance of the coal field and to prevent Turiwis, waste and destruction by the contractors supplying the rafts, the services of a native supervisor are necessary. Tlic wages of such a person are provided for in the estimate of future expenses. 30. On the 2nd of Alay I quitted the coal field. The river had then risen 1 cubit, but it fell afterwards to its former level. The water this ycar was consiilored unusually lor. Some loaded rafts which had been dispatched on the first rise rere, after proceeding a few miles, detained at one of the shallows and had not arrived at Mergui on the 20th the day on which I embarked.

·TEXASSCRIJI PROVINCES. 119 II Alore the Falls 132 Alose the fulls of the great Tenasscrim, near a stall tributary called Nan thar keng, a mile and quarter from the main river, three wall beils of coil hase been olsen a so sandstone, and about ouo day's juurncy lower down the riser, thia scams of coal arc csposal in sandstone in the banks Abstract of Coal on the Teasserım Ricet alore the Falls District Field Localits. Beds. 3 small beds in sandstone. Great Tena scrim, ...... Above the Falls, ... A small Tributary called Nan their Keung, a mile and quarter from the main river, One day's journcy loner down the niser, ... *. **** Tuin scams in sandstone III. Than Khan Cual Field. 133. capable of Khan, ono bu yond the boundary range of our territory, and thereby cut off from access with the coast, the Coinmittecorerlooked its inportanco in former reports. But these geographical errors lave been perfectly remored by Captain McLowl, an officer of long esperience and distinguushed service on this part of the coast who, in an ablc articla in the Journal of the Asiatic Society, proses thus coal district to be within the British Territory, and so far from interceptai ly any range of lulls whatever, that an open navigation extends to within 20 miles of the coal at all *casons, and that rafts ascer to the coalitself during the rain, 131 The first local appears five days' journey abarc Tenasserum Town, exposed on the bank of tho Thuan Khan river, to an extent of 240 feet, G fict in thickness, and dipping at an angle of 20º. lrtract of a Tirport on Coal duscorered in de Tenesserun Prortaces, b, Dr Idlfer, 2341 Vay, 1939 Fire kalues of coal hare hithert been found in de Terassenim Trotinces, all situated in the monore of Mergur 1. Ontle gtrat Tmnatsenm, tune days' journey from Tenisserum townh, near the ereck cal di Nan to Keungor one axlq mutlet miles internal Spectes Inable brown cal intermused with son isntes Titre Feins ocuria Lercat ixchliten, .d, mi, ft dari jamen finna Tenussonm tout, elng the banks of the nrer Species of gate al boht eley brown cual coret ** , three or four Khe thith, le ale Joumal of te Asiatic Society, 1839, p 701 from the Pirport of Dr Ilife I dhe Journal of the Anal Sunty, FL. VI 1999. om the cel neer, branch of the Lule Trasenn, fre dari jarmy top , # 514 w * orri to The bed, feel that, 210 feet kuns, dat an angle of Snaked the govern Jamiin mm.qene mal bell of cher slety et porxherlal puh soal arra, hecho ency I am eft noterat hra'tw's ubere the cost Tumy late on day on both wer of the reason, toen med fire brealrg 15 way through the soul sa al pueces 6 feet i Tytetah, 1525 di ·129 TENASSERIN PROVINCES. 135. Two or three miles above this, a similar bed of coal, or what is equally probable several beds of similar size and quality are observed in fourteen different localities, partially exposed on both sides of the river, clipping at an angle of 25º. These beds seem to occur with grey and black slate clay, the latter is supposed to rest on bluo liinestone. This extensive coal field is situated on a high level table land, only diversificd by an isolated range of mountains, from which the river passes through the coal fields. The river is above 15 yards broad, ncarly dry part of the year, but uniformly navigable for rafts for five months of the year up to the coal field. The conl itself is of superior quality, being that peculiar species known in England as pitch coal, which is much higher in price than the common cual, and on account of the greater quantity of bitumen which it contains, is used for the generation of gas. A grent advantage of the locality is the total absence of land carriage as the pits are in fact opened by the river. The difficulty of navigation is confined to the last 20 miles, the passage being there obstructed by sunken trees and drift wood. The last 30 miles being navigable only cluring five months of the year; it would be necessary to have a depot of coal near this situation, rcady to be shipped when the water begins to rise. depot should also be formed at Niergui, where vessels could casily approach the shore. Thic stratum above the conl is no where more than 25 feet, and consists of bad slaty coal, grey and debris of slate with coarse gravel and alluinn, Digging. a, 1. Person digs in one day 20 maunds, in 6 days 120, in a year 6,240. Wanted for 10,000 Tons 43 men, say 45. Onc Convict at 4 Rs. per month, ........... 15 X 4 = 180 X 12 = 2160 Rs. 1., Working 9 hours per day a person transports from the coal pit (15 feet deep) to the seater edge 200 yards distant, in ten minutes, a cart load. To transport 10,000 tons therefore 38 men, say 10 are required, Bcing Convicts at 4 Rs. per month, 40 X 4 = 160 x 12 = 1920 Rs. ............ Transport, on bamboo rafis. ......... ..... ..... ........ a, Each bamboo raft, 25 feet long by 6 feet broad (double bottom 2 feet high) folds 1 ton of coal, 10,000 rafts therefore necessary. b, Two men fill and construct such raft in one day, it is therefore necessary to employ 20,000 men's labour for one day, at 3 annas 1 pice wages per day, 6666 Rs. c, To load the rafts the same nimber of men is required as (a. 7.) according to the above calculation, 1920 Rs. d, The river is navigable for five months of the year, from June and to November exclusive. In this time 66 rafts must be despatched every day. €, Going slowly the rafts arrive during the nionsoon in three days, at the junction of the coal river, with the other forming the little Tenasserim. To this point two men arc required to direct each raft, 10,000 rafts cach, 19998 Rs. f, Two men three days pay from there to the junction of the great Tenasscrim river, going slowly two days distance. At this place the river is so broad that eight rafts fastened two abreast can be directed by two men. 1866 Rs. 1,250 rafts x 2 days at 5 a. P. 9, From the village of Tenasserim to Mergui, two days, (with the tide) 16 rafts can be tied together, directed by two men. 933 Rs. 625 rafts x 2 m. at 5 Rs. 1 p., Pay of the labourers going back by a straight road cut across the jungle. 20000 Rs. Required 20,000 men's labour (each raſt two men) three days, ........ ....... ..... I ............. ......

·TCVASSFRI PROI/\crs 136 The tirer u described by the late Dr Irellir (to rhamn tlic discosery us due) as treaking at colisa throu,l coal beds of great extent 17 csc Leals are imperfectly desenled, but they seem to occur with shat Dr Ildfr describcel as grey and black slato clay, the latter being supposed by hun to rest on limestonc. 137 The various beds appears to be alat is called cannel coal, remarlle for conrusting of upsands of 50 per cent of Lumen which to use tic words of Vir James Innsep (oumal te atic Socrty, 1635, R 70G) “ahon s it to be a supenor I lazıng material wluch is tic rain point in getting up sterm, so maclı so Her cont nues that I un Ierstil one of the Company Steamers is unable to get up storin with the Duran coal without a largo admisture of Lnglish cannel cor! It also cont nucd Mr Prinsep, makes an Admirallo coal for gas." Incut-Cul. Forbei ani tlc Serretary of tl e Committee were present during Vir Prinsens esperiments o ih thuis coal ani men qually impressed with Vr i rinsep limself as toits rumarhablo super or properties for storin, fus, an I cohc Istablument 10. prr ntendent 2 One Casl er ant or keeper Two Leprot Overkeers do Overseet for tru port down niter PO e Overseer fur bulling tal Ten 3 - Ocrseers in the coalisay Tno Tin in 1 Rupees per m nt' 100) I prees. 1000 Tepar of dfferent Luld 25, near of unp emen satel terse la 2000 Unforeseen cipenser 11 stract r Work in the coal p | Transport to the water el < Bu s ralls d Lad ng tafts, Istul e dass trasport \ext two days tra port, . Transportfon Tenaxerim to Mergun, A Kelur pay per ate ments * Kepah 1 La fuseseen esponses 2160 X INOX 666 X 1900 X 1994 X 1966 x 933 20cro 340001 Jina 9070 "463 AD1 The employment of Contacts by t!: Goren ment mo 'l eff tras ng is de oft e ale items Ilance 6000 malt bo delotel Tren 9463 = = 76163-100 bambno pa'ts of keer komt the rule po of 1 1 Ant2 is but say I 120 X 10X10. 3000 pismiman Web of Iany So I's Thurtel om "C01 TS103 *316 I 1-5169 Inusse J alat by 1*310) maunla 1 xt of **** a multitoum Verong * !A ft libero lo t'e gey Don' ·145 TENASSERIM PROVINCES. The following are the results of analysis of four specimens of this coal by Mr. Prinsep, taken indescriminately from as many bags. Journal Asiatic Society, 1838, p. 706. All four burn with copious rich flame, coke close grained, and of highly metallic lustre. No. 1. No, 2. No. 3. No. 4. Water, Specific gravity, 9.7 1.273 8.2 1.280 7.4 1.245 7.6 1.251 ...... Volatile matter, Carbon, Earthy inatter, slightly ferruginous, ........ 45.0 50.3 4.7 100.0 48.9 66.7 4.4 100.0 48.3 45.1 6.6 100.0 48.2 48.7 3.1 100.0 Dr. Helfer states the river to be navigable to the coal, but that only by means of rafts during the rains for five months of the year. Captain McLeod ascended by water to within 8 or 9 miles of the coal; when, finding the stream too shallow even for a small raft, lie continued the journey by land to the Siamese town Thian Kluan, and from thence to the coal, crossing several small rivers which discharge themselves into the Thian Khan on the banks of which the coal is found. Abstract of Coal on the Thian Khan a branch of the Little Tenasserim River. District. Field. Locality. Beds. Little Tenasserim, ...... Thian Khan River, ſ Near the Village of Thian Sereral beds, 6 feet thick Khan, and upwards. First Outlay. .......... .... .... ..... ..... ........... ....US Coal in Loco, Depot at ditto, Depot at Dergui, Jetty and Quay, Scales and Weights at the Depot, Buildings for the Superintendents, Instruments, Spades, Pickaxes, Crowbars, Trucks, Unforeseen expenses, 800 400 2000 1000 500 5000 400 100 10 1200 2000 .............. .... ........... ........... ............ 400 100 40 400 ............ 13440 To this must be added the expense of making a direct road through the jungle. The removal of impediments in the river, chiefly the trees slutting up the passage, which expenses it is impossible to calculate, they can not howerer be great if convicts are employed, ·116 CUTTACK COAL DISTRICT. 139 Letonise beds of coal are situated on the Bramini river and one of its tributance in the Gopalpas id dialnich Thic Brmini enters the Bay of Bengal near the mouth of Ilolay, Hat far from Puínt Palmyras Tliko bels would appear to deserre both from their position and extent, more attention than they have recorred, but the Cominut'co hare left nothing in their power untried with a vies to improse their information of the subject. 140 Talrhergurh Scams of coal appear on the banks of a small nullah calleol Balajora, half a mile from thie Fort of Talcheer, when a bed (8 inches tluck, has been found sithun 13 fert of the sarſacc. Beneath tius a grey rock occurs containing as well as the shale abuse alicrtral to, characteristic impressions of plants of the cual formation. The coal is saul to be of a found quality and listening lustre, and to alternato with the hils of ahule, 141. From "1alcheer, chal may lo transmittel at all mp3 ons in ton matind boats to Kumalung, 6 miles destant Irom tlu inco to llunsunk on the coast it may be transmitter for six months of the scar un kruis of 100 kr, 300 matunds, whero it ina bela 1 dan at t! tn 11._s per maund, allowing tho unnas per unaund fur carriçe. llunsuah turuls a xifo anchom me fur lama Imps at least danus the N Emonsoon. Gopalpas. al, Sungurra or llungolre. 112 To irteen miles frons Tallicar, on a tributory of the Primm ruser winch lcars one or other of t1o ulovo appellations, coulis ex. d estan»cly on both Luks, ryctin; to an average height of 15 fict al » the kind of the river for a di tance of 1 m Thc cuuntry Ixtween this and Taleheer is lusel, airing crcry facility for the construction cather of a rond or a canal. lor tu aburo particulars we are chicily in lbtel to Litut. helluc Abstrart of Coal m tie Cuttack Division I'rovince, Defrict. ricic Laxcality Bols. v. ,و Or Bramırı iret, Tuichergarli....... Balajora Nullt..... Ilung loc, Saugrı Nulla, I fxot 6 inches 19 fut, frollis several -ts ct is aze ...... .... 1

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·BURDITAX. 148 145. Darracar Tecer. Abel of coal, 8 oz 9 feet tlaick, is fjand on both banks of the Barracar rirer at Dormury. 146. Damali. About 7 miles aborc the con’inence of the Singharra nulla with the Dimoods, and on a litde nulli callal Jooncılı, the colleries formerly worhed Boy Gilmore and Ca, Mr. Ilomfras, as mell as those of Carr, Tigore and Ca, are situate i close together. The latter is called Rance Gunge. Thic bed srorle in tliese three colleries is the sam, 90 fuet below the surface, and I fect thick, ilo superincumbent ucis being sandstone and shale. 117. Sılmal. On the Damnala river, fire miles above lance Gunge, a deer pit is wil to laro becay sunk with the intention of coming upon another bed of coal 7 feet thich obserral in the vicinity, In August 1811 a depth of 190 foet was said liric bun attained. In this work she beds of coal wera penetratel, cach varying froin 18 inches to 2}fect in thickness. Doory coal. thickness. Tl,« rein u franil on both banks of the Larracar ner for some distance and ore • The Barrocars or Dute the Adj} is succeeded by sandstone and soon aftermaruls wedges out against the Kelu tose rochas which forin one immense mass of l: l's to Currix ) porc near Monghyr: retuming to the Damoolah as elie junction of the Singharun rullah, about 2 miles upwards, the first handstore rochs are found on the banks of t1-neer, but procedeng higher up the nirer to a distance of 7 miles to a lede nallah named Moonrah, the codencs of Messis. Gilmore ea 1 llomry, and Messn. Carr, Tagore, are situated close to and adjoining each oilier, the latter beating the name of lan-e Gunga from its proprietory nights having been tested in the lite lance of Burdwan, and it is from which circunstance the carne cones nama of Burdwans colleries taken it ongin, susce at w not milloso many tiles of t'ie Burd can district, the most appvmpxiata 01770 is to Damodal roa) valiny 'Tho vein of coal at these colleries us abril 9 feet thuck enl is won at a depth of about 90 ! , the repercinta be ng sanilo and Llach slule, si 250 usually fogal so acompany tom mineral in other countrier-proceeding tpearls them as coal folos the banks of the river but of worthless quat, ; ud at salah, 5 mul a lugler 1.p the twver, a dempe part 1 Sk, and has been ez operats yn fur nine year past with an i reation of Bukin; down to another t' ich vein of coal of 7 L Las been exter! 17eut in another part of the country, na wing this put (at present August 19il) a dep-5 dahvi VAT, w l-4 8 12 Lt wells of coal have been preerd throu, h, ransels in Ubudness from 19 orches to 2} fces, lat a?? the phone na czas, , Papucted that the mun ten mi'l be met al er enig throu, li onr more vein of cual. Olere af r* Lumpur on that destra a arr cowycone, or tety haril natire, srila in csery respect to £ESSET And Ter) da nur t3 11 31 at the Iwwer colierex bro nane! At 12 mil's higher st. C1- 7 feel thaluces, the tunnel (Haxl on the both banks of the uret milt breteri C (nur d Tirent col nem-'mmmlet lyve Cina Cous v is the son of Lipt traccable to the arg'iborang tua mtuo ill of la IIr, nlich us about 3 cos uz Die wed throwing them actruly out of thru wil one lus , If ng pam» * Samment en eli k are four 1 and work I upt. Litur mer terke ecrces there? larro fut any mies coul are tracts of it are mm lebah t'5 14 1 YICI amall tirers Welcat's those lii'sut etery where of Tery Ingat Sa TEVof neous orrly t'en fehlt' at cori try nusxaskes - 2 Ataf tiles fr ri the un:a of the lorlal, Estle great fa i're alore aludelt, **lit has iz: 1) Loren CMY. 2 - 1 pushtlino neked anlits tl. 1951 abot sitt. Longle to the Taualle part of the ther, ti * -Tu! 2.-- el mal 11 <1 tatl. wel, 6;. van 17 Chalayed 9x} : priem! bra fuit and are the lertaisris. w-* * C'-C y ***innanlar 1.Cra * Se We t****s arti 2 - *

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·131
DIIDWIX.
15.1. One of those ienler: 125 :: 0 ans, ile !.:! ;;!!
demand, it may be doubtel if the average cu Dirls relin (':'...!!.ir *
J annas; and as 3 annos go fur carring', mema:1
::!.4.1: *i;;:-..'. .
than the present state of the Dogov stis, ... inca...n:11:1:::....:::
any very material reluction in price in Calcutta.
153. With regard to the coal tra le on the Damn, I. :! !, in ti. "";;;:::
danger, risk, and uncertainty to which the; fire rin," allir: 1p.::::
should attend this branch of industry, so long the retirea the l... !!!!! ...
of enterprisc directed towards tie Durdisan inincs ius: 1.00.ratis, lizi.
The present difficulty of acces- Sving such :15 : diri. Ist :-...,
those already in possession of the field, ile rerne lr vivull 1.2 Brimrose :;• !., v.in
i
+
Ist. Litlicr by a canal on tlc .lilji.
2nd. Or by connecting the Damnoo la «lirectly with the
river above Burdwan be capable of imprurement.
3ril. Or by railroad.
Tofur viser, prin
13.-Burmoor-Juggert
collerie-, the others being out o
Tlicrc arc at and inar to
inferior in terture au grain to ili
alonc varc arc manufacturcil, and
Wji tipp, her,
litr. 1!
po na!: lisi

·www 151 BURDWAN. 154. One of these tenders was at 6 annas, the other at 55; yet notwithstanding the great increase of demand, it may be doubted if the average cost of Burdwan coal in Calcutta is now much, if at all below 5 annas; and as 3. annas go for carriage, we may perhaps conclude that without some better means of delivery than the present state of the Damoodit affords, the increased demand for Burdwan coal cannot be attended with any very material reduction in price in Calcutta. 155. With regard to the coal trade on the Damooda, the floods in the upper part of that river, and the danger, risk, and uncertainty to which they give risc, are all incompatible with that steady improvement which slioull attend this branch of industry, so long therefore as the Damooda is the only means of delivery, the degree of enterprise directed towards the Burdwan mines must be comparatively limited. The present difficulty of access being such as to deter new parties from entering into competition with those already in possession of the field, the remedy would be to improve the means of access to it. 1st. Either by a canal on the Adji. 2nd. Or by connecting the Damooda directly with the Iloogley at Calcutta, provided the upper part of the river above Burdwan be capable of improvement. 3rd. Or by railroad. 13.-Burnsoory-Juggernat Doss on the Barracar river, not working at present, in fact Nos. 3, 4 9 and 12 are the main collerics, the others being out of work. There are at and scar to Chicroolcah on the Adji river, very extensive quarries of coarse sandstone paving flags, but tliey are inferior in texture and grain to those obtained from Chunar. Whilst at Muildenpore from large quarries of Schist, plates, dishes and stone warc arc manufactured, and cut and sent down for sale by the Barracar river, ·151 BURDIVAN. 151. One of thesc tenders was at 6 annas, the otlıer at 5}; yet notwithstanding the great increase of demand, it may be doubted if the average cost of Burdwan coal in Calcutta is now much, if at all below 5 annas; and as 3) annas go for carriage, we may perhaps conclude that without some better means of delivery than tlic present state of the Damooda affords, the increased demand for Burdwan coal cannot be attended with any very material reduction in price in Calcutta. 155. With regard to the coal trade on the Damooda, the floods in the upper part of that river, and the danger, risk, and uncertainty" to which they gire risc, are all incompatible with that steady improvement which should attend this branch of industry, so long therefore as the Damooda is the only means of delivery, the degree of enterprise directed towards the Burdwan mines must be comparatively limited. Thic present difficulty of access being such as to deter new parties from entering into competition with those already in possession of the field, thc remedy would be to improve the means of access to it. Ist. Either by a canal on the Adji . 2nd. Or by connecting the Damooda directly with the IIoogley at Calcutta, provided the upper part of the river above Burdwan be capable of improvenient. 3rd. Or by railroad. 13.--Burmoory-- Juggernat Doss on the Barracar sivcr, not working at present, in fact Nos. 3, 4 9 and 12 are the main colleries, the others bring out of work. There arc at and near to Cheroolcal on the Adji river, rery extensive quarries of coarse sandstone paving flags, but they are inferior in tcxturc and grain to those obtained from Chunar. Whilst at Muidenpore from large quarries of Schist, plates, dishes and stonc Warc arc manufactured, and cut and sent down for sale by the Barracar river.

·151 BURDWAN. 15.4. One of these tenders was at 6 annas, tlic other at 5}; yet notwithstanding the great increase of demand, it may be doubted if the average cost of Burdwan coal in Calcutta is now much, if at all below 5 annas; and as 3.} anns go for carriage, we may perhaps conclude that without some better means of delivery than the present state of the Damoodi affords, the increased demand for Burdwan coal cannot be attended with any rery material reluction in price in Calcutta. 155. With regard to the coal trade on the Damooda, the floods in the upper part of that river, and the danger, zisk, and uncertainty to which they give rise, are all incompatible with that steady improvement which shoukl attend this branch of industry, so long therefore as the Damooda is the only means of delivery, the degree of enterprise directed towards the Burdwan mines must be comparatively limited. The present difficulty of access being such as to deter new parties from entering into competition with those alrcady in possession of the field, the remcıly would be to improve the means of access to it. ist. Either by a canal on the Adji. 2nd. Or ly connecting the Damooda directly witle the loogley at Calcutta, provided the upper part of the river abore Burdwan be capable of improvement. 3rd. Or by railroad. 13.-Burmoory-Juggernat Doss on the Barracar river, not working at present, in fact Nos. 3, 4 9 and 12 are the main colleries, the others being out of work. There are at and near to Cheroolcal on the Adlji river, very extensive quarries of coarse sandstone paving flags, but they are inferior in texture anul grain to those obtained from Chunar. Whilst at Mullenpore from large quarries of Schist, plates, dishes and stone ware are manufactured, and cut ani seut down for sale by the Barracar river.

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·132 ADJI. 156 The first mines we come to on ascending the Adzı rirer are situated 19 miles abore Elambazar, or about 47 miles from the confidence of the Adje math the Hoogley at Cutwa For a distance of G0 miles to the West of Clambazar, the country on both sides of the Adji nirer, is one extended coal field Dat it is rot until we have advanced into the bills wliere the surface becomes broken and elevated, that the beds of coal are laid bare and exposed ja ravines and other natural sections 137 Churalja. Sitaated on the southern bank of the Adji, at a distance of 60 miles from Catra A sit fect bed of corl bere occurs within of a mile of the tirer section of the place is funned by a small ta er course, slewing the coal to be corered by 13 feet of soil Dencath, it rests on 23 feet of sandstone, which becomes soft by exposure This sandstone is intersected erery two or three feet by thin seams of coal and slalc. 138 Jahudnug zur On the opposite or north banh, of a mile from the riser and not abore a mile from Charalya, a bed of coal 13 feet, also esposed by a water course, is seen corered merely by 6 feet of hard clay. 159 Mammudpore Coal is worked by Mr Erskine un tro places at Maumudpore, two cous sonth of the Adji Ghat at Scedpoorie. MOTE • To the west of d 23, the extent and quality of the coal mmprores, but we hare po sciante part culars whaterer as to the peculiant ca of de dfferent beds that hare been penetrated lines are now opened on the Adjo side by the Dhioba Company, by Mr Erskine anul by Mr Wollngs and other parties, we beliere under the denomination of Beerbhoorn Coal Company Teth regard to the quality of the Adjo coal, it may be sufficient to state tle result of two inak. Two hundred maonls of the Charshja bed were tried at the Blunt, the result was that 23 maunds from this bed were found to be equal to 25 mannls of the best Nurdwan file P'roc Commutter, 11th January 1842, para 3 From Bir Erskine's mine, 13 miles below Cl uralya. The daily consumption in a 20 horse power engine was found to be 27 maunds, 14 seers, leaving 24, par cent of ashes, 29 maunds Jide Proc O secry of Bundman coal mere requered dally to keep the engine to de same work, leavin., 25 per cent of ashes Cummittee Gth December 1911, para 2 Loats of 200 maunds bunlen can ascend the Adji to Elambazar in the rains Leyond thus the country affords erery far? ud cxcellent material for the construction of gool roads Plans have been suggested for improving the Adj niser, but Col Forbes us of opinion that a canal 6 feet deep extended parallel to the stream would be cleaper l'ide Proc Committee, 4th October 1811, para 8 Suty mücs of canal on the Alyt niser would sare 200 m les in the camage of Burdwan coal to the upper parts of Bengal and 100 miles in the distance it is now came to Calcutta. It would also obriate the necessity of keeping up a (*o years stock ** Omptah to guard against contingent demands that might anse after the navigation of the Damooda closes, whereby the quality of thic coal detenora.es. The sarung of 100 to 160 pules of carriage, together with the loss and expense of depots, both ertura ed at 2 annas per maunl, would allow of a toll to that amount on the proposed canal The present experditure of Burdwan coal may be estimated at 15 lakhs of maunds, wlich et 2 ann39 toll per maand woul. sw'! 1,25 000 Rupees per uuum on the proposed canal for coal alone, which al 5 per cent would adnit of an outlay of Rupees 25 Lakhs or 41,56 per mule fut a distance of 60 m les, We do not take into account the other uses of a canal on this line but for the mere consegance of coal alone, ! » esident it wou'l gu eren at the present rate of expend ture But the espenditure has trebled itself within the last seven years and may on satteasing a de same rale, so that the return m seten years on coal alone maght be reckoned with tolerable certainty to le is per cert Tie great public barrefit of such a work would consist in effeetially opening the Burdwan district and destroying the present monopoly on t'e Damools, which is directly opposed to pable improvement in the supply of coal ·151 BURDUAN. 151. One of these tenders was at G annas, the other al 5!; yet notwithstanding the great increase of clemand, it may be doubted if the average cost of Burdwan coal in Calcutta is now much, if at all below 6 annas; and as 3! nnns go for carriage, we may perhaps conclude that without some better means of delivery than the present state of the Damoodla aflorils, the increased demand for Burdwan coal cannot be attended with any very material reduction in price in Caleutta. 153. With regard to the coal trade on the Dumooda, the floods in the upper part of that river, and the danger, risk, and uncertainty to which they give risc, rc all incompatible with thiat steady improvement which should attend this branch of industry, so long therefore as tlie Damooda is the only means of delircry, the degree of enterprise directed towards thc Burdwan mines must be comparatively limited. The present difficulty of access being such as to deter news parties from entering into competition with those already in possesion of the fiell, the remedy would be to improve the means of access to it. 1st. Dither luy a canal on the Adji. 2nd. Or loy connecting the D.mooda directly with the Iloogley ait Calcutta, provided the upper part of the river above Burdwan be capable of improvement. 3rl. Or by ruilroad. 15.- Burinongdugacat Doci on the Barracar river, not working at present, in fact Nos. 3, 4 9 and 12 are the main collerie:, thic oilers bring out of s:oth. There are at and near to Cheroolial on the Adlji river, cry crtensise quarries of coarsc sandstone paving flags, but they are inferior in ferture and grain so tho.e altaineal from Chunr. Whilsent Mulderporc from large quarries of Schist, plates, dishics and flone ware are manufactureel, nud cut and sent down for sale ly the Barracar river.

·152 ADJI. 156 The first m nca te come to on ascending the Adji nrer are situated 12 miles abosc I lamazar, or about 47 mlcs from the confluence of the A li with the lloonley at Cutrz For a distance of Go iniles to the west of "lambazar, the country on both si les of the Adj milf, is one ottenlę i c al fic!l Nat it is rot until no Bino adianced into the hills where the surface becomes broken and clusated, that the beds of coal arc laid laro and cxposed in ravines and o her natur il sections 157 Churalja Sitnated on the southern bank of the Ailgi at a distance of con iles from Catwa. A sue fect bed of coal here occnrs within of a mile of the river I section of the place is furined by a small vater coursc, slowing the coal to be coverel by 13 fiet of soil Bencath, it rests on 23 feet of sandstonc, wluch becomncs Ilus sandstone 19 intersceted csery tho or three feet by thin scams of coal and slinic, soft Ly exposure 158 lalu in gjur On the opposite or north bank, f of a mile from the rncr anl not above a ml, from Churalya, a bed of coal 13) fict, also exposed by a water course, is seen cos cred increly by Ofect of liun clay 159 Memmi Ipore Coil is worked by Mr Leshinc in tro placus at Viminudpure, two cors south of tho Ali Ghat at Seedpooric." NOTL • To the west of tl s the extent a d qual ty of 1)e coal im; rores, frut we l are no se trc 1111 ct lars mlatever us to 11c pecul anit ca of it e d IT rent beus t1 at hare lern penetratil JI nes are not opened or the Alytaude bv tle Dl ola C mpam by Mr Inkite and by Mr Holl. I ol er partes, we brlere und r the denom a on of Beetl hoom Coal Company Tuth regard to the suis of tl e Adji coal it may be suff cient to state il e re It of two tnals Two I un Ired mauris of the Ci ralya bed were ined at ito al lle resuls was ist 23 mau 1 ls from tl s bel nere fun I to be on at 20. maunds of the best Burdwan 171c I'roc Committee 11th January 1942, para 3 I rom Vr Irskem ne 13 miles below Ct rraly TI. daly consumption in a 20 l orsepower ginc mus fund to be 27 maunlı 14 scess, lear - 24 pe cont of mes 29 mundo 9 score of Buriran enal were requ red de ly to keep the eng no to the same work 1 ay : 25 per cent of asles. 1. lc I'ror Cups Htee GIA December 1911, , ara ? I als of 900 m au uls I unlen ca 1 uscid to Adi lambazar » the talus. Beinlite country moniserery farly and excellent ma.enal for 1l e constrkuon of goxxl roads. Plans l are been s mgested fur improve the dy tree but Col. Forlies u of op von el at a canal of deep cremdr parukel to 11 e strean fall be cleagues like Pro Com n ltee 4th October 1sil zara 8 Stly murs of canalele Anser would save 200 m is in the came of Durhaus coal to ile uppxe parts of Bercely an 1 100 mily in the dance it bow carried to Cakuttı. It * ld als obriate the necess ty of Leep ng puso rear och at Onptah to gusri agant contingent demands ti u maht anse a' er de na ton of the Danmula 1 ks, nereby de quilty of de coal detenorale. Tie maning of 100 to 1GO mles of ran ane togetl er wuh tlc ls arxl expense of urpis luth ti maled a 2 anna per maund will low of toll to that ima nf on the poweed canal. TIepresent especulture of Burdwan coal may be est matul at ts lakhs of maurly whale?. 111 tull por murdmah! girl 19'000 Rupees per Ant um on the proposed canal fur roaleloge *ł kh al per cent woulla! of outing of fanpop 25 balls o 11 5 per m le fue ad starve of Omlet We do not take : to mount the other use of 1 canal on the line burt Pusle mere errefece of crał alene tasemet at MO!! may even at the queuertrac of exprel tutte Lui te espx * kas trel 'n st! sich the lat mien join and most & uitruun; a te kameratr, so that the maturo in fretter noel al te mbt le meil » al tirnal arra ty to be 13 pofcere 11e great pill be off of schoorl wall must in e Feriaaly open ; the runden d\xt el deseratung 1'ext Po Irene Panoo'ı ł «h u Jures is a poned 13 palle impreement in the sprly lowl ·153 ADJI. 160. Pariharporr. A good deal west of the Nammudpore, only four miles from the Damooda and eight miles in a south westerly direction from the Adji at Durbadanga Glat, Mr. Erskine works a bed of coal which rather belongs to tho Damoodn than the Adji basin. Abstract of Coal in the Adji District. Fichi. District. Locality: Bed. Smiles from the south bank of? } 6 fcct. Churalya, Adji River...... 1 North bank of the Adji, of a milc from the river,.............. Tivo coss south of Sceporc, Mohccdmuggur, ....... Muumimudporc, s 13! feet. Size not stated.

·151 RAJMLJAL. 161. Banslı Murer At the pass of the Patchwarry on the Banslı nect, 30 miles from its conflacncc with the Bhagarutt; near Belgatta, coal has been for the last 30 years known to exist without elicitog any enqury. Seanslıle the necessary supplies for the public Steamers in the vicinity arc carned a distance of God mics at a licavy espense. Doobradgepore On the Bramany river, 15 miles south of Patchkarry, coal 19 found in various situations for a distance of fifteen miles on both sides of the river It is still unesamıncd notwithstanding repeated urgent calls of the aullonnes on the spot for proper and The Superintendent of the Nuddy ah Rivers was ongsesid as a likely person to improve our knowledge on this subject from his vicinity to the place. Ilo tas therefore repuestol to visit the sprit. See Proc. Gth January 1811, para 15 the season being too far advanced before thio request was coinmunicated to him, lic could only send persons ont to make enquiries, the result of which would regulate Inis own movements, since sluch time however the Committee hare lcard notiung inore on ilo sulject NOTES I etter from Mr James Puntet, to the Secretary of the Coal Committee, dated 10th Dorember, 1839 I hare the l omor to acknowledge the receipt of your leiter dated the 19th October, and berewith I send my reily to the diferent paragraphs. To para. 1 At present only one bed of good coal has been discovered in the Tajmehal hills) by me, 400 maunds of which has been forwar led to your Committee, and its accural acknowllzed by Capisin torbes under date 22nd September last dealno bel 16 miles, from a nangible niser fuur months out of the year lat? The best depot for the coal 15 at Cuytah, 21 mues westem from Morshedabad on the Brammany nullah, accetsble from June to September, for loads of 100 to 500 miund: burden Flat Lottora boat would be deurable, but I think sul Frent country boats froin 70 10 60,000 muunds are prxurable from Moorsledabad. I cannot at present stale wiat will be the cons pas maunl, as it will have to go 16 or 20 miles by land, which I have not yet had a trial of ; lowever I do not expact the cost wat cost more than 6 Annas a maund at Berhampure, it will all depend on what the lead carnages costs, the boat tue us ten rupees per 100 maundi to Berliampore No parties are engaged working coal mees in elus nmzlabourhool, and te best male of knoging the mee into oparatim would fir Islink first to discorer the extent of the bed, the quality, and the actual co«t per maurul Landed at Herbampwr, math this incurvat on tenders mgle be intal to supply led ferent depois. The rrine us so lar from slus station, and only en los Nunc luy tiropmans froin December May 1 at I can not give any more piruculars until I go ouh which will be next month If the Government will allow my ma the petals of the mine fut its discovery I shall be happy to exert met loobun the aburo informats, and ng as much cos! us poros ille from January to May an ! send it to Costali From the same to the Secretary of the Cool Commutet, datel on March, 1939 I have triedred your favor of the oth Jasury which I want!} bare replir? 17 earl et, but was on human there is amon ultury lumt to convey to the Comm ter Agreealle to my letter of the 29 h December 1 gravedal to de ene 11 **1 ad rect u al January, xf the Lulas! es nah boring maila H *ork, and found de seua to run to tell 11.2m nan mir, (93 fres below ite rifare ) The reale Igre pri insnered me esportalots, they open of w1,43 h (ut talala si after the formen of ee *e care una bari Hul wine, sul fattor person of targetes 11 >> neytral line upon my wlf wheta yuva superar el 14 ond # ** cu en fam. et **, -- Iste bere the last two preabe moh, at pat tu all egy marante um at wx, as me ofte mes at the ** ***uties (!)

·153 ADJI. 160. Pariharporc. A good deal west of the Mammudpore, only four miles from thic Damooda and eight miles in a south westerly direction from the Adji at Durbadanga Ghat, Mr. Erskine works a bed of coal which rather belongs to the Damooda than tho Adji basin. Abstract of Coal in the Adlji District. District. Fici. Locality: Bed. 6 feet. Churalya, miles from the south bank of? the Adji, North bank of tlic Adji, : of a mile from the river, ........ Two coss south of Secdpore, Adji River,............ Molicedmuggur, ...... Mammullporc, 13. feet. Size not stated.

·151 RAJM CILAL, 101 Banslı Nerer At tho pass of the Patchwuty on the Banslı nirer, 30 miles from its conlucnce with the Bhagarulty near Belgotta, coal has been for the last 30 years known to exist without cliciuag any enquiry. Meanslule thic necessary supplies for the pablic Steamers in the vicinity sro carnici a distance of 600 iniles at a heavy expense. Dooradgrpore On the Braming nirer, 15 milcs south of Patchwarry, coal 1: fonnd in various situations for a distance of fifteen nules on both sides of the river It is still anexamined notwithstanding repeated urgent calls of the authorities on the spot for proper ud The Superintendent of the Nuddy al Nusers was suggested as a likely person to improve our knowledge on this subject from his vicinity to the place is thereford requcsted to visit the spot Soo Proc. Gth January 1841, para 15 the scason being too far advanced befuro the request ses communicated to lum, lie could only send persons out to make enquiries, the result of wluch would regulate his own movements, since which time however the Committed have licand nothing inore on the sulject. NOTES Letter from Mr James Pontel, to the Secretary of the Coal Committee, dated 101) Porember, 1839 1 I have the honor to ac laowledge the receipt of your letter dated tie 19th October, and here with I send my rely to the dfferent paragraphs. To para 1 At present ouly ono bed of Gool coal bas foren duscorered (in tlac Rajmehal lulls) by me 400 maunds of wbuch lieu lean manlal to your Co nmittee, and 144 enral acknowli zed by Caprasa Forbei under date 22nd September last the above Leal 16 miles, froin a marigable nrer four months out of the year l'art 2 the best depot for the coal 13 *Coytalı, 21 mues western from Joorshedabat on the Brammany nullah, Accesu- We from June 10 September, for loads of 100 19 500 maunlı burden l'lat bottom boat would be desirable, but I think sufi cient country boats fronn 70 to 80,000 muunds are procura! le from Moorshedabal I cannot at present state wl at will be the cost per maunl, es it willl are 10 6° 16 of 20 miles by land, -luch I are not yet liad u taj of, I oweser I do not expect the coul wul cost more than Gunnas & mauirl at Derhampare, is wall all depend on what the lead carruages costs , the boat here is ten rupees per 100 maundi to Berliampare No partes tre engaged working coal maes in this ne ghbourhool, anl the best mode of bringing the mine into opera- Am would be 1 rk first to discover the extent of the bed, the quality, and the actual cost per mantul Landed a Berlumpur, wah this informasion tendera mght be intend to supply tle dfferent depots. The mine is so far from thus station, and only to lo visstrid lsy Haropeans froin December 10 day that I can not give any more paruculars trull go out, which will be nosim Ifte Goreement will allow my sou the po tals of the minerats desconery I xha'l be happy to exert myel to of tuin the bac in yrinauri, ani ruang us much coal as prisible from January to Play and send it to Costali Inntic came to the Sersary of the Coal Committed, dated nd Varel, 1839 I love traired your face of t'e 2911 Jurury which I woull liare sep'alt) earl et, best i tampons bo herr help 11 many fit to convey to the Corum lire Agreeable ta my lelter of the 29 h Decemi premal to the end *** in 1d rect 4 *' January, *t the Lulasies sith bring tools ani, and (wird dle ten to put to the of llantas y nodde, (25 free laluw te sofae) Themelore mat innered my eaqurtation, they off*** of wska hool for a st als of the cert!fut rein of meat we came wixti a har! !'ah sofonom tle more of lansat me * *** irry em linh , my sell us fphet afslutl prur] -1°4 x 3 w futuro, bo Imekust! + L stwa ni mt's al weeks at pare two a'i arı**** stort of use of it'e tara si roparts Hero (=\ 1.

·155 RAJMEHAL. 162. Hurral. Detaclied masses of coal were collected on the surface at Teermohun and at Hurrah, and transmitted to Calcutta for trial in 1831 ; neither the circumstances nor the locality were described at the time. The only information to be gleaned from the correspondence on the subject is, that 1,000 maunds were transmitted to Calcutta, and fonnd to be unfit for steam. opened a shaft at Burdwan) says this mine bears the same resemblance to it, I am induced to peersevere a few feet more, in the hopes of coming to a useful vein, the first 23 feet of soil is red and black carth, mixed with kunkur (from sainple I to 4) and under that, to the depth of 40 feet, are 13 different stratas (three of coal, and the rest various kind of stone) vide 5 10 17 (from the samples forwarded this day for the steamer passing Rajmehal) may be your Committee will be able to form an opinion whether it is likely I shall succeed in coming to a good rein. The last despatch made to you was at the mercy of natives entirely, the season being so far advanced when it was ordered, and it is more than probable to have had some froin the surface, which your Committee complains of. I could from along the banks of the river (if required) procure fivc or six thousand maunds of good coal, but as I have discorered that the vein is of not sufficient depth to work, so I conclude your Committee would not wish it. Certainly no reliance can be placed upon my discovery, for the ensuing season ; if I come upon a good and deep vein as expected in a few days, I shall extract as much as I can before the rains. The boring rods have been applied in seven different directions, and the rein appears to run more westerly than otherwise, unfortunately the two kulashies who accompanied the rods have both been laid up with jungle fever, which has retarded their operations greatly for the last month, they will commence again in a day or two, when I hope to be able to report how far the vein docs estend, at present we have only found it 300 yards as from the river, and of a mile wide. I shall feel obliged if you will inform me, whether your Committec approve of my proceedings, and to syliat depth may I carry the shaft, the stone cutters inform me before they come upon the present vein (working at Burdwan) they had to penetrate through 30 feet stone. The expenses not incurred consist thus of 4 Stone Cutters, 22 0 15 Coolies for the shaft, 45 0 1 Sirdar, 2 Peons, 5 8 12 Coolies for the rods, 24 0 .... 100 8 per mensem. I have paid to this date 607-11-4 on account of the coal mine, &c. and beg to enclose the account which I hope will be found satisfactory, by it you will perceire I bare unexpectedly exceeded the sum sanctioned by your Committee, but being a trille to gain such an object, I trust you will use your interest to get the balance sanctioned, also an additional advance sliould the Gorernment wish the present operations to be continued. An early answer will greatly oblige. From the same to the Secretary Coal Committee, dated 13th May, 1839. I hare wished to acknowledge the receipt of your favor the 4th ultimo before now, but orring to the dreadful sickness (jungle ferer) in my establishment (four men haring died) I have not been able to send those particulars I thought would be acceptable to your Committee. Shortly after the receipt of your favor I sent to forbid the men extending the excavation, which they had previously done from the water coming in too quick upon them. I had a “ Mhate” at work, but it would not keep the well free, to admit of the men working, my want of experience in sinking a shaft properly lias been a great bar to completing my discovery this season, the men are so sanguine that the rein is not more than two or three feet off, that after the rains I shall prosecute my attempt by making the well long instead of round, so as to admit of more men working. During the ensuing rains I hope to procure leave of absence to visit Burdwan, when I shall make myself acquainted with the different appearances of the strata above the rein in that quarter, Agreeable to your Committee's request I have returned the boring rods (on the 4th instant,) addressed to Colonel R. Powney, expense of the boat hire and carting has been 23 Rupecs, which I hope you will remit ic at your earliest convcnicnce, as well as the balance of the forner account.

·RAJUTII IL 136 103 Vul e Jurmat At the Village Viol arajepome near the Wooter Jama or waterfall a al was fun and les tran n tel to C lcutta in 1831 but ] desenpt on of the locality las not been at tut cau cated recent att npts to refind it lose proud ursuccessful Ti e coal is cons dered in nor nuni satni sbstract of Coil 11 tue l'aj ne al D str ch. D strict Ficlu. Local te Weds. Bansl. Itiser I 1telary Pass Doobradgoporc, Bram ny ', 1 jme! : I 1 sandstone Tumerous beds not des scribed alt rnnt with sandstonc and slalu. Not trnced Mot trace Tecrinol un Sengully Ifurt Voutec Jarna TI- In lor feld of coal las been traced a mil s 1 of the Bramnumy n er (n Belp stu). I am uncled to thn sunnualn of tl at in D Juan. Il se Llew eta dilu miles to tlebelwechtle B an mury and II rral where a aa Tas n r somo years ago «pened a sl v Ir the duff se pecame s oſ es I coal and stone Iftwa Je y 03 by the Stca ner 1 Marc! your Comn ce can nf ra me metler I slvuld in succes ful in trang the rew if I promee1 the exca oa Trial of ranchal Coal sent to the Val, Dr VcClella l on the 31st Vay 1841 Tiencamlar been got up in the fret instance by Fngts! coal, and on te engine le ng started the fn & whic Tmel al cual emnnel anl dan the t me it was used the steari was kept up to full force the fire 1 ad a goxx blaze ! I fire bars alm : inlnltal pt TIe coal suum od fr esper ne : we al ng 13 ms nds 3 scens Od ttack worked the Vot "O borse power steun en ne 2 h 0 m 1 gotlara e of 4 maurus I seets 9 dl taks per hour ainst 3 muunds pd 5 seen of the best l'urinan coal espa del por lcurul eume en, or aod work ng under 3 milar circumstances (ned) TA TOPOFS VM V uter MIJI 1841 I port on Vrlo ( lant to ile V / Dr Ve(7 llan! Sretary to the Curl and from Connier on the 101 JJH ay 191 The cultur, tee tied at the Stus olore poter int i warf al tut hard to keep upt o seun, and le ronse i et re of llet questis of the e, Leesp 1.AL 1. sama y urou quay biutat pre uus ferul loi I by 4 in! 114 TIO DI V ruer "btu ry 15 ·157 PALA MO W. 161. Within 30 miles of the Sonne river and about 100 miles in a direct line froin the confluence of that stream with the Ganges, numerous beds of conl csist. Thcy all lic in tlıc valley of Palamou. Tlie coal districts in the vicinity of this valley are as follows: 1. Jotar, in the upper part of the valley. II. Singra or Silr:1, in the mildle part of the valley. III. (Toros :. Nulla, 5 miles beyond Chapari. IV. Rajhara, on the Solabah Niilla. NOTIS. .. Höxtraice of Ireler from Jr. 11. ). Tylirt, Superintending Engineer Steum Deparlment, Inned 22d September, 1839. The curly obstarlex brother free navigation on thic Soane may be summed up in a few words, viz. Currents to ascend against 811.mg 1% inkes and paris an unr, with channels cross, variable, and 1071uous, ceilies wheeling in all directions, and the nater ont classic cr-auth; 1721; ani subuliny, as it is ingre or less affected long the mountain torrents and the orerflowing of its Pribosary strans, in the locker range of lulls in Palamon. These obicles are lo hic considered by no means insurmountable me the line course in sceniling the Soare with boals of any considerable burden, will act as a serious drawback to the putilalle navigation of this rapid riser. Regarums the local situations whicre I experienced the greatest difficulties in asceuling the Soane, I beg to submit that Docencen laneal and Daudulur the stream was so strong as frequently to defy our united cfforts to get aliead at all: and I sias oldigel an sacral oxca-inns to call in the nid of the villagers to pull up the vessel with ropes. This plan answered very well where good footing was obtained on any of the high banks: lut when obliged to trac on sands in following the channels, the hormon became tired and dispirited by griting into quick sands, and in consequence my progrees upwards was the more retardcil as threr ſcars pires ailed. from Daudnaglur so she Benares Road we had a rise of the river: but being favored with a slight ca-ic:ls broczt', this compensated for ile increase of water, although our progress upwards was not at a more rapid rate than the foregoing class. lirom thic Benarcs Road 10 Bundoo Glaul, the river subsided, and the breeze freshening at the same tine our vessels made morc var: bu: the river rising again as we moored rlic Amirkah chain of rocks at Bundon and the stronger currents setting direct over them, I dverned it advisable to take the caster channel, being the safest of the two: but eren through it, I was obliged to warp up with the light anchors of my l'innace, the anchors being carried ahead by my Pilot Dinghce. This is the most rapid part I me: svith on the Sjane, it is 119! so much owing to the declivity of the bed of the river, as to the water being confined into a narrow space, by the obstruction of the rocks on the western bank, extending out nearly to the middle of the river's bed. From Bundoo Ghout to the mouth of the Coyle, althouglı so short a distance, owing to the sudden subsiding of the Soane, we expenced much difficulty in getting out of the upper end of the castern channel, partly for the rant of water, but chiefly owing to he undefined nature of its numerous inlets and its broad shallow entrance. On the 27th August just as I had entered the mouth of the Coyle alont 4 r. 1.I determined on procceiling on up the Coyle in my 200 maunds Dinghee. The average depth of the water in the Soane I found to vary from 6 to 20 feet; and at no part, so far as I have seen, tould a alcamer have the slightest difficulty of navigating this river as high as the Coyle, provided she had power to steam the rapid currents. I found the water in thic Coyle between its junction with the Soane, and Garia Ghaut, flossing at about the same rapidity as shat of the Sounc, and the saine remarks apply generally regarding cross currents and eddies, but so uncertain is its rises and falls, and so sudden and frequent do they take place, that 110 certain depth of water can be found in its channels throughout the rainy season. I'rom Garia Glaut in dangeowali, and thence to Scockscekic, and Daugean, villages on both sides of the river, the Coyle runs over a rocky channel at ay increased rapidity, and to an extent about one-third of the bed of the river; but the other two-thirds lying higher along the south-west bank, the water is wholly confined to this rugged course, to navigate through it is a difficult task as it is at present ; but if the chief rocks now in the way were removed by blasting, no other obstacles whatever is found to prevent or obstruci navigation on the Coyle as high as Shapore, 6 miles above Singrah in Palamos. .

·PALAJIONY 138 The bels are of good morhalle size, some of thein are large and situated on the banks of the Corlenser or its tributaries. Thic qual ty of the coal as far as it is known is heavy and inferior, but from bino bels it us Lutter, anl from others rity good Tic flotar bal, situated in the upper part of the rallıy is the last accessill access to it being intercepted by a ran o of hills which interrupt the nasigation of the mer for some mues. This is the more to be regretted as the bal thus placed us of unquestionable superiority Ti o other Leds in the middle and lower parts of the valley are all witlun reach of water carriage, with more or luss d flculty perhaps for a distance of 15 to 20 mules. I The Upper Pulamor, or Hlutar Coul. 165 "The place at which coal svas first discos cred in Palamon, is in licatai on Arrowsmiths large Vap on the west bank of the Coyle river, at a point 50 miles from the conflux of tho Sounc. Major Sage who visited the place in 1830, fonn I the coal to Lo in esery respect like that of the Gurossan rich and intuminons. Iron is found extensively with the coal, and the country where uncultivated, 19 covered with extensire fusests of suul, some of Do treos measuring 14 feet in circumference Tie country is also rich in cattle uscd for the transport of grain, 80 tl at tlche is nothing wanting Major Sage remarks but roads and water carnage to reoler Palanow a rich district NOTES Frtract of a letter from Cape }} Sage dated 2th April 1650 In visiting the place marked coal m ne" in Benne). Hapo 8 I foun la vila gocally and use discesce up de Barra tiver an extens re beul of coal m every respect the same as the b tuminous cual n the Commiss, Lr espored to the ete In the negl bourlond of tle coal beds grow tle mut. I measured one trec wbxh of the free Sure the ground was fund 1c 14 feet incl ea in grhaul wlch rosa fmm 40 19 30 feet without a branch Ilqa, nous gran les Txtenure inangoe topxes thodl era gus of vlager and cult35 coor Bumang ably peoplel. The cow try is nel in cattle, put a luly in a small breed of sharp Eke the sperm fignum fyrir emuntry are consequently is request gra no 1 bullochs ny exported in comunale government es! S&T ar (Warna 1x ve mopee ri'envers abound' in troue ens ofer 66 and only 5 PL anon and a manufact ry country but role and a water communal na dret a decenas To bring the mal into or I would propose to throw i bunde batranda perTour across the Corle e Gana llaut, basing it on the goes mich, 2: Sentou Alream I woulul propune cut acron the table land into the personer, The Fifth erd label all the way to da tutmal bruge below Patron-ripe E R considerable uning to Government Another way to get down the calde would be so le mie P R hver al prest dur ng the same free commun.ca.awtrun Ayong kas neer al cull le tetto furres the comer met Ining ng ue Irwurm of that eles Te luat dari TT tu be in 1 The ultantaget acerut tha Gompanheiro de Rei drpaque in and reling LI c m sereto from Deu derravity Tile broches de tot # and the arte aux troumd into PAC per Seujah aral muldr open for theurissimo cercato wirwelty a bate Cioteraer Gestu Ladalah Seti1 +

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·PALAVOW. 160 allstract of Curl at llotar in the l'ipper Pulamor Tull. Provincc. District Fri Locality. Bel. Palamow.......... Upparit part of the Valles, l'alumor Village,... (50 milcy froin the conflur of the Soane, 3 foct I inches. appear to be a stone coal. Tiere are traces of vegetable impressions up the top of the coal, but I was unsuccessful in obtain any kind, cutler ta the sandstone or tlie si ale The ralley abruptly terminales and opens into a woods plaun of somo miles an exten, ia traversing #luch the shales and the coat are found all the way rouns to the foot of the lagh mountains towards the $ 1% in the direction of Tikoo I roin the summit of thiese huls , fine view of alır alleys obtained, and the marked Jefference m the shapes and appearances of the sandstone formalm from that of the surround ng hills of primary origu 1 finely obserrable Tronstone is here found in abundance close to the village of Daumudy, in the Daource Xudlee, in reins of 3 and 4 cles cacli, thiesa reins are also found in tle rayudes all the way to Pohea Agar and at wlach place there are a number of ron melung furnaces upon the native plın Iron is here sold generally at 2-12 to 3 Ns. per mand of 19 seca wt scers--1 in lumps of 4 to 5 lys, each an las undergone the process of laramens-11 remelung fuur limes at the Lime of sale The sronstone wich I founI under consumption bad been preliously roasecdl and nas terwarda put into the little furace made of clay, and bellows kumalat ja all respecls to the described in the Gleaning of Science for Octalxr 1831 Of the qualiy of t'us fae tem of coul I shall say hedr, the quantity of resultum or ashes was inuall an l extremely light, but the diff culty in igating the coal is cpnsderable This coal even if worked would fars to be conveyed away on bullocks, as the only practicable present mode for the reasons before advanced. Iere uien we hare a nolle field of coal extending to G miles in breal.! towards the south west and proceeding over an timmense extent of country, I know Il exists for many nusirs beyond the Burwells, aod I think we may farly ulentify it with that found in Sng room from its constant Orcurrence ating the arlencer in the upper end of the stream seems extraordinary that the Dimoodall coal field should also be traceal'e all the way up so tlus same range of life, passing Ram Glour and many other places of note, where it is found and from some Samples of coal from the west of Ram Ghur, I am Bell to expect as the coal approaches those hills, that its quality very much detentoaleh. The extraonlunary fact of them psanud Terl whose impressions we constantly discoter in the carbonareous strata, is here fond growing ua lusianer I have broug!: sone whose roots were actually extended 4 feet into the coal bed. Tlous is duly example I kwow of the bring reed being found near to coal • 1 The reel auled to lv Vr IIomray turned azt 16 Le only grass Sekre* rpm aneum, which groves tary generally throughout Bengal. No grass or gluinaceous plant we believe, is fuatnais Acoul.

·161 LALAMOW. Il. Singra or Sidru. 1GG. On tlic N. E. bank of the Coyle river, at a distance of about 35 iniles in a direct line from its confluence with the Soane, coal occurs in two situations. Singra. At this point the Amanath river falls into the Coyle, intersecting several beds of coal from 1 foot 6 inches to 6 feet in thickness. That which it was proposed by Major Sage in 1830 to work, is dccribed as a non-betuminous coal, or anthracite, 4 feet 7 inches thick. Mr. IIomfray who subscquently visited the place in 1837, describes the bed as only 3 feet 8 inches thick and of limited extent, and inferior quality: It is overlaid by several thin beds of sandstone and shale with one thin bed of coal 13 inches thick. NOTES. Extract of a Leller from Captain 1. Sage, dated 27th April, 1836. The siliject of a supply of coal being one just now of great interest, I purpose giring you a slight sketch of the country abounding in coal basscis in nul around Palnınow, I passed into this country in January 1830, crossing the Soan at Bundee Ghat, nearly opposite to Rotns Glur and obtaining the left bank of the Coylc or Coel river at Manjian, leaving Guroo I recrossed the Coyle and cncamped at Singra or as in Map Sidra. The Amanatlı river joins the Coyle about 100 yards west of Singra. In its course it has cut off' a portion of a billock 1200 X 100 X 40 and the following section is observable. Feet Inches. 11 6 0 11 3 7 1 6 ... Earth, Clay, Pebbles, Cc., ..... Shale, Pchbles, Coal No. 2, Sanılsione conglomerate, increasing in compactness as it descends, Non-bituminous Coal No. 3, or Anthracite.......... .... 8 0 4 7 ............ ............ 30 1 This coal rests on a blue sandstone, readily splitting into tables of large flags, depth nat ascertained, it is a good useful coal, bunus to a soft white ash, without flame. It was traced ncarly three miles up the Amanath. From 12 to 1600 maunds were sent 10 Dinapore and used in the smitheries, and in brick-burning, answered well. Extract from Jr. J. Ilomfray, Report datcil 10th July, 1837. Upon glancing over the Map of the Coyle river which falls into the Soane and wliich accompanies this memoir, there will be seen at a distance of about - miles from the Soane and on the right or cast bank of the Coyle, a tolerable large river, which falls into it near to the village of Singra. At the mouth of this river is the Amanath coal field. Commencing immediately at the junction with the Coyle river we have a sandstone and at a very short distance up the river are seen on the west bank, first a vein of coal 3-8, and a little above it, another of about 3 feet, slich is lowerer divided in its centre by a band of stone of 8 inches, thus dividing it into two veins, This coal is opened to-day for about 600 yards in length, when froin its declining or clipping, it sinks below the river; on the banks of earth also is found another small vein of coal but which is better seen on the opposite side of the river where there is a high sandstone rock and the coal rein in full view, it is also seen in several other sites in the river for about one mile distant, where it is terminated by a large basalt dyke, and thus ends the coal on that side or up the Amanuth. Near to where this little coal is seen, under the rock there is a small Nuddee, which is called Junjunsree, falling into the Amanath, and having its rise about 7 or 8 ·PALAVON. 102 Nr TTB Tytler, Ciril Fngineer empinel in Steam D promen. Taung 11 P.11nor in 1639, repor el de etistence of a G fet tal of coal a la alove the village of Virili ncar Sugra, and states the extent of tl cual beds tctc to le quite shexhaustall See Proc. 3th August 1839, para. 7 goles I stand under det of 10ls to it e eat Up tl slutle nirer the upper te n can be trseed some u stance--- Irit in no place is there more than a fewct of rock ostr i 15 consegue ly soft and tender, and the san) tone rock u scarcely deserving the name of sock beng more a sandy conglomeral streuting to the and I the ground is very full of rarines and the crop or orburst of u scoal is every wlere lund so l at im Sact there appears to be but I ttle corching orer ! 01 tle east the traces arcatariyan umn onse number of small cartl y b llocks among wh ch the sandstone and crop coal is found and that it scen to tem nate but on the dc is runs rather a greater d sta ce uuderneath the lat e tillage of Bulserah and Secual, where al traces are loss of coal Around tlus cucle of coal is found a data d stance of 2 mles on the west and south ard on de direction of tens of the vran sin stone anl underneath at the usual cronstone measures in wh ch are two remarkable fine ve ns of irons ore--the meas te is 14 feet in tl ck oss the upper ven rates from * to 12 uches and esen lf incl es in th ch ness and 11 4 1 et below it is another Ten un balls of translote 5 or 6 mol cs in large oral balls such exactly as are common in lumpe Bental th 19 11 stone and at some d tar ce below 11, a black alum 1 on sel ale of ml clate cat le are said to be remarkably fud and wies med ll of il er own accord go to several well knonn places in order to 1 ck it wth the tongues. Beneath it 19 from a stand tone and tarts and t! en sy en ec quartz, and il en the passage is into musses of gran te boulders. Tlue tronstone has lout a rery I tile co enng over it, and it is seen in every Lit le rat ie amu d there and in te nuuals wh ch fail into it e Amanath and T ja rce mrers as well as t! ¢ Dvorgatty Vu llce unl Sanlaban and down the Coyle river to nearly oppoute dle vllage of Itampare and I am more nu ir stone is the extreme woun lary of them neral d s ruct the coal at one comer of it being roulanalt n a very lonted crele the ground be nm all arou dl-te gently und lat ng ed no where I at ng many fet I gler than the ser lae Near Jorwe er to de Bulserah v In Here Ho e pot wł cl and cales a lutle better appearance a to rolu ly and should the coal pirove to be really worth rung Into ld cont nue to snb &ps, which on alceady marked out a near to n peej nl free (theo lv Ordercal t) and to reason w1 cl would make me belese it to be remotel gible spot is that the lule or upper res of cual low ng thereabout 20 f et below the surface (bv calci la 19m) tlal har ng all tle seina ene over t/c other the bottom or mm coal mali provably be tl re for ul more rol d d un al at st has prored el Singers, or at the opemng ligler up ile nver 17 feld woulltrmerer Le sery I muted, as the great n mber of ratuner matenally decreases the q al tr of surface and probally 200 10 300 l world be the extent irre Ir tod hrs percepulle 10 tl e eye wł ch umowl at inds to nortcave my house of its culent be afraier ul an what 13 Halo? TI everurines are more nu nerous on the arms towards Sf ral brut de groun: towards Sngat has de apararance of ben tol n'y eren an I uni sturlund Il are at led to the gaty of the coal 1 derto obta neil on very senior in fut tratcely apprats to l are been conml Jacd and there is sous fortsat on of sand friend and mat sorett so as very in all that I m std late on it to slent at the ha tre of the scales i nprofft and that we can marer, por so oltz i anp th besterf om & lum sum wluch to me aj prare to be so recent arul truperfeet . Simsal bmeeter corsotho ny extretat in ilo cual pme clem call of value o mar t! en te worth sh e in conus o te al cos RC# 19 t. praepreal tree lut oil erwise I slould scarcely tl kot worthy of guilt The order of the Strala u thus Surfare Sand fucke I. In 200 Tl 1 is merely compart-1.7 parcula ly u tebe Cust ماء 1 band tone 010 19 O TI 115 very ! Ecza. Coul, SUM Cool - O jo 08 H ·10 PALAJO11. Abstract of Coal nrur the Pillage of Singra. I'rosiner, 1) istrict. Field. Locality, Beds. 1.l.mont, Wildle District.... Singra or Sidra, ... ........ Singra Village, Abure Visal Village, Sa, 13 inches. 1, 4 feet 7 inches. 6 fiche Shar, 5:11'limi ........... ...... Nile . ...... Ii In 30 0 0 'Ilir <311 1,tror ir remarlable for thic number and size of pebbles, in reaving in size downwards, until they actually OLU: 11 contact irith the comil, and shine too when there is ..... 600 one scin or roal <sperimgerdl osertlicosher. I know of no oshire in !21110 od vile a conglomeralche pebbles on the 0 cruel arr arme of thein I 10 2 . scigls, and those in the tipp + 4an de lini apyar to lic of tlic sainc genus, alihough Oli 0 thinus: liric bcn o fiald at different ages. + (Sal..... ..... زی ? ........ 1 Slir Irm: ..... 3 6 .......... Iv... ......... 10) Alt...! Mit School, 13 .... 10 Qut: a'. I l, als a Girzule. Nose this ("?!" taldar (xcurrere el que lililog in a orgies of rolling on over the other with intertoning rcins of coal, is 41 ?!" thini 1181.cºprn. Of milo com luz ralrs there are in 1:1; 11-prees, but here the pubblico seem to have subsided through the Saudoir, alırat 1101 lose bepes in a oriw. I slaic an it will be seen by the spreimes that the largest pebbles are at the lowest fractif the mat.sk: 15.25 they gradually drerepen in size riparada, until the upper portion of the measure, is but a coarse {"rillpandosi, Igran then very clears circumtu.cc I inits, that we cannot hope for any very solid ground liereabouts, om livet ile I startline ang mang oprialsun sonll lor scry liazardous, and from the sant of solidity in the rock, noull be mihinked sith coustu dar to the colliera. Should lounases, these objections prose futile, the situation being withiumile of nin recolle ne plisit, suliere the cori could be lailen on to amall bas proceeding dosin thc Coyle river to the Soane, sould be Calreirely faseurabic. Torreu nf l'sorrelings of the Cousel Commillee, catei 5th Irgust 1939, paru. Resersed a report of Mr. Tytler, announcing the disensery of a bed of cool on the Amanatlı, near the village of Dıral, and close to Sugri, elle place sisited in 1936 by dir. Ilomfrny. The boil is said to be of good quality and inca haustible, six feet iso incles in thickness. The specimen forwarded to the Committee appeared to be a dull slaty coal.

·PAL AJOY 16+ III Gorossan Mulla 168 Oi tho Gorossin Aulla, (*1 ch we canoot find laul domn on Vaps to which we laye access) Slajor Sage in 1830 d scovered al ghly bituininoas coal of very superior qualty The local ty at wh tio cual occun is not descnberl Two beds are intersected at the same spot th ch as stated to be about frem les beyond Clapan. Tic upyermost bal is o ls 13 inches th ck the lower one ah ch 13 separated from it by I foot of shale and 1 fuot 4 inches of sandstoac, us 3 fett 9 inches thick and said to Larn with a checrful blaz- ta on open frate Alstmct of Coal on the Gorossan Aulla I'ror ncc. District Frelil Locality Beds 1 anos Gorossan Mulla, S5 miles beyond the la. 13 inches village of Chaparır B 3 feet 9 inches NOTE stract of a better from Captan 11 Sage dated 2*April, 1836 1 pe send it roul Slapur CI ainpur Chandas and Chapar, about fire mles beyond which I found coal beds ca ilio Gorontar nullah tp ntet er tirely di Terent from those of ingre. The coal is very btuminoz, luns be clear broht lane and make a cl cerful Gre in an open fire grace Section of the bank of the Gorosan net Ft In Earth, Sand, and Gretel, 8 0 Sandstone G+ S! alr (buluminous) 10 Sand tone Coallo 1 1 1 Slale 1 0 Sandstone 14 Coul No. 2 " 10 Total, Vete 31 ·165 PALAMOW: IV. Rajhara. 169. Mr. W. B. Tytler reported in a letter dated 22nd Septeniber 1839, the discovery of a distinct coal basin near the village of Rajhara 10 miles north of Singra, and consequently within 25 miles in a direct line, of the Soane river. He was led to this discovery by the numerous fragments of coal he found in the Ladabah nullah. He traced these fragments for about 8 miles from the confluence of this nullalı with the Coyle, when lle came upon a vein 9 inches thick. Since then, Mr. C. B. Taylor an Agent of Messrs. Carr, Tagore and Co., or the Bengal Coal Company, has established a mine at this point. We have understood Mr. Taylor to state the bed of coal here opened, to be six feet. 7 Abstract of Coal in the Rajhara. Province. District. Field. Locality. Beds. Palamow, Lower portion of the Valley, Ladabah River,... Rajhara, Sa, 9 inches. 1, 6 feet. Extract of a letter from Mr. II'. B. Tytler, Steam Department, to Captain J. H. Johnston, dated 22nd September, 1839. I beg to report a new coal basin which I discovered while passing through the jungles between Seeckie and Singrah on the 6th instant. This field is near a village called Rajharalı, about 10 miles due north from Singrah, on the Ladabah nullah, I traced this field of coal by the fragments of coal I found on thic sands of this nullah, which I explored 8 miles from the banks of the Coyle where the basin is situated. The vein of coal is only 9 inches thick and quite in the bed of the nullah, the banks of which are thickly covered with jungle. The quality of the coal is about equal to that of Upper Miral, which it resembles more than any other coal I have seen in this country. 1 ·166 TIIC CENTRAL COAL DISTRICTS. 170 So called in the report from their being situated beyond the influence of nangalle nyers and coasts. They arc as follows I Ramgarh II Chotessgurh III Singrowl. IV Surgooja V Sohagrore. Although situated beyond reach of the great lines of navigation, the resources of these districts are calculatel to effect improrements of the most important nature when properly directed. The facilit as they will afford in the first instance in furnishing all the material that can be nosite in tlia construction of ron ls, must go far in determining tho scale, and the direction of such words throughout the tracts in which such valuable resources occur The two first it will be obscrvad, ettend in a direct line between Calcutta and Bombay, presentos abundant supplies of coal, an l of iron materials along the line for a distance of 300 miles. The third and fourth fall equally within the direct line from Calcutta to Mlirzapore, and with the fifth into that between Vizagon an I tho Acrludda. "The greater portion of three most important lines would thus le supplied with all tio requisita materials on the spot, for the construction of the most improved roads. The coal these central districts affon), bas in most instances lxccn found of a very superior description These districts being more or less clevatel, their climate is consequcotly cxempt from many of uic objeca tions to the plains, and tho manufacture of iron on a small scalo by the people, indicates a disposition on their part for manufacturing pursuits. I Ramgurls 171 Dullua. About 30 miles west of the coal districts of Bardman and Adji, and 14 miles sonth of Ilazarvebangh, onal occurs about a nile or so frotn the village of Buller, on the banks of the Sicherare, a tributary of te Ilaharon Nella The bal is statel to bo 3 feet in tluckness, and of considerable extent Balum Again about 30 miles to the left of the trunk road froin Calcutta to Benarrs at a place calle! Nalam, citen a leds of coal hare recently been discos cred by persons eihplayed in making a roul from Chota Nafpre an l Ilazarcebaogh, tho coal resembles that of Bunlwan. Tie mal crosses over the balso About half a mile to the east of these last, bels of coal were obserrel of sers promung quality, an! freat extent. Tlc following are the results of analysis of three samples from these Leis, recently received from IL Col Ogecles 1 31 Sp. G. . 119 Gor, 1.29 Carlon Ca bon Carbon Inflammable batter, 20. Inilammabile myfter 31 das fraterale tres Ith, 12 16 Sp Gr. . 8 100 pats 106) partt. 13 wp OTIS Tatract of liter from Vr of daxt lang o di alam Dunkir dital 3d Polrary 1511 On the basis hancherzi, * Lnelmiah rintsibe Mlakarne I In we the mala led batsme uro .tun to how I wasnestery pry List Irelem a foul's wat my kuular 11e tweed to be clgrat eltal, I liste du' i A ANT $ ly doulmate zeerumist 16-2-217 L ·107 TIJE CENTRAL COAL DISTRICTS. 172. At Angballa, abont •133 miles east of Ilazarccbaugh, close to the 187 mile-stone on the new Benares rond, 1 bed of coal occurs in a mullal on the right side of the road proceeding from Calcutta. The bed is said to be large. sustrant of Coul in the lungurlı District. District. Bici. Locality Beds. Bullc:, 3 fect. ...... Dacami, Ramgarhi, In the Suncheraic, a tributary of the llalaroo, ( Within 30 miles of the Benares? Road, On the right hand side of the New road liom Calcutta to Bc- 3:res near the 187 mile-stone. Several large beds. Angballa, Size not stated. 1 Al Bullet shere are large and scop estenxise jron voslos, employing a great many persons, and yet strange to say, though most of the indubitants are avorio of Ilie es istrace of thi, calmic coal bed, they neser use it for their furnaces, but are at great expense in transporting mod cond choseroal from the forens', ?eseral miles di-tant. I ondravoured to impress upon soine of the workmen how silanie ogrous it would b.s, and what a szing would accrue to them were they :0 1200 this coal, but by their answers they csince their dieter indetlerence to the siliject, and their determination to adhere to the customs of their fathers. The coal bod is nos borc a nile distant from the worlu Ellract of a heller from Lieutenant Col. J. ll. Onscicy, datcıl 16th August, 1841. onl in vell 1.1105 n 10 lic alumnant in Pachere, and some ñ or 3 years ago it was discorered on the old road from Ilazareebaugh to this, by Lieutenant Rielian (uscles, the Asuinlant to the Conumissioner: it was some silicre near Ballia, one march from Unrureebuigh. I am happy in way I lose in making the neu 10.., found an iinmeusc field of coal, about 9 or 10 miles south of Hararecbauy!, of which I shall do myself the honor of sending a speciinen; the best is in a nulla a mile off the road, it nearly cquals soinc anthacirr coal I di con cred in the Ilotugalind district :omnc y cars ago, which was declared by the Bombay Committee to lie lichter than nº other coal, Scox or English (I beliesc 84 per cent); I sent down 200 bullock loads, and it was tried on board : 4eamer ; this coul vould, I tliish, prove on digging a little decper to be just the same ; there would be no greater difficulty in remusing it than from Palamow, where there is a great quantity of coal of the Pachete kind. Extract of a leller from Col. Onsclcy, to F. J. IIalliday, Esq. dutcd Chula Nugpore, 31st December 1845. Wien I made the road between this and Inzarccbaugh, at a place called di Badam," they had to cut along the southern slope of an ascent rather decply, when a large field of coal was found : this was of the same description as that called Burde un coal, but to the cast of it about a mile, I found on examination some beautiful coal, of which I send a specimen. It is only second to that I discorered at "Bénar,” in “Ilushingabad,” in 1834-35. Coal of this kind, will do more than double what the Burdwan (Pachyte) coal does, les little asli, and I think would not leave much scoria ou the bars of thic furnace. In a fou dny's I purpose procceiling again to the place ; I lave no doubt that this coal will coke as well as that of Bénar," a desideratum of much importance, as Indian coal lias not been found to coke (so says Dr. McClelland) with ilic caception of that at “ Bénar,” The coal I now send is superficial, on cutting deeper into the mass, which is not in thin strata as is usually the case, but of rast thickness, I am convinced it will prore as good as any Welch or English coal. It is also as well that I should mention that iron is now inadc close to where this coal is, but with charcoal, ·TIIC CCITRAL COAL DISTRICTS 16S II Onlessgerl, Berar Pajaks Country 173 On the IIntson rifer, a largo branch of tic Jahanuddec, great bels of corl occur a littlc to il c soatla of it c lurt of hoorlia. The bed of the rivet for a distarce of 716 vils, arrears to be composed of alternate leads of white san Istone, slate clas, an icoal. Tl csc rocks d p from 1 to 3y incl es la the fact The annese sketch clubits t'ia relatesc position of tl 13 cual to the forta Led of the Ilutsoo ter about 300 rards broad / thc lort, led of coal interesting the river in de dir-tion of U W* dipping 1. L. 1 inch in 12, ani presenlios an outcrop of probably about 100 yards ch a bed called coal clay as marked on Cul Ouscicys sketch, e a bed of coal dipping 1 inch in 11, and apparently from the sketch of Col Ousc! , 200 yards in tl ckr est The quality of tlus coal is still to be very superior, although not yet establislice on analysis. א S Althougl this coal is atuated at a d stance of 320 miles inland from Point Palmyras, yet the Malanuddco 1 csily maugaule to Sumbulpore within 100 miles of the coal it descries to be considered therefore, I ow far tio superiur quality of tlus coal miglt runde- tlc hoorba Bals worthy of attention for the sup, ly of the const. Abstract of Coal at Cioless jurk, I'rosince District Fiell Locality I'cs. Cholce gurl, 1 utenpore, llut.oo l'irer, hear tlc Fort on hoorba ur b, 200 yards NOTIS lirimct of a letter from L. Cul Onsely to l' Secretary of the Coni Commtter dated in forest, 1841 Il munal cal al in ul e Bluslal ser at hoorba 1 car l'ut unport ( CI mogu!) « try realm, all me by the nter for a 14 t extent Extract of a I Herfron the same, to the same diten la ne honela mal cull le frat Jonn le luulah" Mabal bareng tulpnar lewe te boats co'l te 34¢d as of n 211 e weiti er weekl pros At C xxl111 ulah were the ball fall of 0 ft+ruba * 01er Cool Der here te me min humla to Ci cliente u C lon", fute care mi ni re ob nelons in the relatar I love topt one of the lonel : coal whkd sobre el leur waterchappears to eg lain sure Ig en repart sure in • 3 Otr II sull-taus

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·THE CENTRAL COAL DISTRICTS 170 III Singrocli. 174. On the talle lands at the head of the Soane fifts miles to the westwarl of Palamor, coal has been found in several situations Kotak-On the Bullo. Nuddec a mile N. N. W. of the village of Kotahı, four thin seams of surface coal hare been found, varying in thickness from inclics to 14 inches Tlie beds are supposed by Captain Vrouzliton (to whom we are indebted for what to know regarding thern) to extend towards Burdec in the same district. 175. At a place callul les allah Noolho 8 miles S 19. from Kotal, and 7 miles 11. from the town of Sipore in the territory of the liewah Rajit, a led of coal 1 foot tluck occurs. Abstract of Cuoi in Singroici District Ficla. Locality. Bal. Singrowli, Kotah, Sullieron, Moszali, Len allah Joohhe, 5 inches Il foot 2 urches. I fuit. XOTES Referring to Arrowsmith's Map, the Singrowlie coal at Kotalı would seem to be atuated as bear to Chunar as the l'alarcon conl us to the Soane, or Burdwan to the IIoogley Captain Wroughtna adrering to thu suljert in a letter to the Rerenue Doard, 30th April 1910, remarlemany rramona mwluce me to bel me that I can pursue thir Kota strata to som situation adjacent to the Gopuit nier, which forts * conflux with the Scand at the town of Burdee, froin whence the coal coull be conveniently and cheaply conveyed by a with Ling with the Mirzapure al Jul bulpore road " The following indications of the existence of coal in the direction of Burles are stated, the first on t'e xullonity of Captain Wroughton, the others on that of Captain Waugh It is not hokerer to be understool that the carboniferous beals aduled to are coal, but someiling and epion of Captains Wroughing and Waugh usually connected with it In die Demarla pulali, which fors into the Goprit at a point S 25 W.27 mulca from the town of Hunler, Atualed at the conur of the Scane anl Goprus nirers, carboniferous bedt are founul . Agun m the Goput nrer, at the village of Sunnmund, a distance of 37 miles S 23 TT fron Bunder, carbon ferous bedo occur 3 Azua ut two places alus mules S. 23 1. from the last samne! Agun at Xeoru, S 13 miles froen Sammud, curborferous beds are wril At place called 'perah, 60 S W.14 mies fm the GJ. Tng, Staten Maragalu, umiar lavale arcut 6 Aguiu a konurse ng th- kuula welee, 4 miles mouth of the preceding, carbonaferon beds were obstal log Cart Warhon tse route from Ametlunluk 43 Clunur, via Barlee II roin the fur of the Goput and Sosne at Barbec town, this last point bean S 21 . Luxe 69 milent Morrals na G To Sudou ·171 TIIE CENTRAL COAL DISTRICTS. IV. Surgooja. 176. On the western side of a high table land called Maynpat, situated between the tributaries of the Hutsoo and the Soane, coal of superior quality occurs in several situations. The first is in the bed of the Rehar river, a tributary of the Soane, about 7 miles cast from Burra on the rond to Dondra. The extent of the coal is not particularly described, Col. Ouseley merely remarking that it is of very fine quality like that of Koorba, and in great quantity. At Manpore, about 14 miles west and by north of Burra, and about 8 or 10 miles west of the celebrated hill temple of Ramgurh, a bed of superior coal occurs. The situation is further defined as 16 miles south of Cherglur. Abstract of Coal in Surgooja. Province. Field. Locality. Bed. Surgooja....... { Manpore, Reler River, 16 miles south of Cherghur, 7 iniles east of Burra, 3 feet. Many yards thick. ........ Extract of a letter from Lt. Col. Ouscley to the Sccrctary of the Coal Committee, dated 16th August, 1841. In the Rehar river, I found also great quantities close below the table land of the Dynpat, Surgooja. Coal is applied to no use whatever by the natives. Indeed it was very singular to find that they were in every instance swhere newly discovered, ignorant of its being combustible ; accident one would have supposed might have given them that knowledge. I shall send for specimens of all the coal I know of as being distinct beds or fields, and of the iron ore, and forward them to you. Extract of a letter from Lt. Col. Ouseley to the Secretary of the Coal Committee, dated 27th April, 1845. The Koorba coal is much the same as that at Benar. So is the coal of the Rehar river. Between Burra and Dondra Kishora in the Surgooja province west of the Maynpat, in the Rehar river, which falls into the Soane, there is very fine coal like that at Koorba, and easily got at.

·THC crSTRII, COIL DISTRICTS 172 1. Slgorpuri In the same perillel of liteu le with Singson lie and in urmalas" by trees hat district and Jullut porr, coat lius be a fuunl of etcellent quality in suitral places indicating so many great coul districts A les mil i \ of Sol agapore anlat an eur} distance from th Sounc coal report nl cautum nir of the late Vlajar Irraklın to etist but there would appear to be some d alt as to the ancien ani ognin 11 13 811] to occur three miles & L. of Saliaseport al the junction of the Tigalt with ebo buenc, but this locality is also doubtful 178 Regeerze Recet About 2 miles {mm thic janetin of the hey rerji rer with the Soan, and one in le fror ti e rilline of Scctama lh, the herrerji mer mierstis a bed ofs it black xha, at a d stance of stvards from tlic cast tank, in this situation coll occurs but tw what extent is a stated. 179 Johull: rer On the banks of the Johilla a fever of t! Sanr near aplice ? CU 5 l'alec, coal occurs. Tuo two laet localities have been communicat al tu ac Lumite by IDs 91 bur) in natic testimony Coal is said to occur in the luckah territory near Chunlah but on what atturits dues nol Chaird alle #ppear Abstract of Cul in te Suh sg pore an! A nypore Distnals. Prorinec District Field Locality DI aspore, Central Province, Sonne, Shrsserzi, Jol Ha, Sot statest Temat L Vot t1 ut atat 1 Solageport SLS 11a, *, car utama lhr Near Paler Den lien all <3 ageport Benalt, NOTIS 1.te Per mnah of Db ngenan ltnet of Slope * * pont? m'c F. Dr S. frontestar of 1970 i* Juryvon Wullee wh farov da the Swene at a point micy for the cluelut of Dum-*114, an Ortop of ourlero Txil of the fourthuret wil uilee sta pont of mire nor the cast lion Sogutral coul orcuns with rele aula operare dl troa dlar - 20 fut down the uk, ch. Lace of the coul i fu.l. TIely). m3 mt e autlrmy of Captun 15 surg! Tom Toe frauer zonat of Dr S Surt makty 2.3terer Wade Wetetary of the Cral Commi e wherdse: Other IS10 The hersee mor er oprement and paper relate to the stes o cual os tery romsung crtanly, but with me ni u drutto wyslal punime wand be tundet af better list? Is what 61 rita se coul & Uhrew . frater or laut de la the Jolinh breader of the Sune 1197 tra lelne, o meisibürti a tre gweimata Chaco .tp w Laskartul (which I am now kolaz dora) loe neue Cheschaltebe tenehumley ·173 NER BUDDA, 180. The Nerludda valley promises to be the nearest, if not thic only direct source from whence supplies of conl are to be furnished to Bombay, from the continent of India. Our limited knowledge of the Nerbuddn, and the objections to the climate whether well or ill founded, are obstacles that may retard for 1 time the necessary improvements required to render the coal available. 181. There are difficulties lowerer which from thic nccessity of overcoming them, seem to have been only intended 19 proper incentives to human enterprise. Of these perhaps the obstruction to the navigation of the Nerbulda is one, particularly as the coal of the Nerbudda valley is situated inorc conveniently with regard to Bombay, than that of Pensylvania, to New York and l'hiladelphin. In the case of the Nerbudan, the difficulty would consist in cvading thic impracticability of the river by means of n rail roul for a distance of 60 to 90 miles between Tullockwarra and Chiculda, which so far as we can gloan from all official reports tlmt liave been made on the subject, would give 290 miles of improveable river. The Nerbuddn coal is 350 miles distant from Bombay, while that of Carbondale in Pensylvania is 250 miles distant from Philadelphia and Now York, but in the furiner case we should only have a difference of level of about 2 feet per mile to overcome, while in the latter the Americans had an average of I feet 7 inchies per mile throughout to encounter." 182. The greater part of the coal in uscat Bombay is, we presumc at present thic produce of English mines, and we linow the l. O. Company depend chiefly on English coal for the supply of their large steamers between Calcutta and Sucz. But whatever the resources of Great Britain may be in a mineral so essential to hier own domestic improvement, they should not be unnecessarily drained for the navigation of the castern seas. This reason alone might be suflicient to warrant such arrangements as would render the abundant repositories of superior coal in Indin, available for the gradually incrcasing public wants. 183. Coal occurs extensively and of very superior quality in three different districts in the valley of the Norbuddn. I. Gurrawarra district, on the Sceta Rewal or Sakar river, which falls into the Nerbudda about 70 miles above I loosingabad. II. In the Baitool district, intersccted by the Towali river which falls from the south into the Nerbudda at I loosingabad. III. At the licad of the valley on the banks of the Nerbuddn itself, near Jubbulpore. Wor * N. 8. A report on this subject will be found in the records of the late coal Committee, some tiine since deposited in the Asiatic Society.

·WERBUDDA. 174 1. Gurtakarra. 181. The most important coal beds in the Nerbudda ralley are situated in the Gurramarra dietrict. 70 miles alinic llosungabada loloel they nould appear from the notes of Col Oascley to be the most important in India not merely from their extent, but also on account of the superior qaality of the coal. They artir at Benar on the Socta Retra nirer, a branch of the Sukar which falls into the Xerbadda nirer in the Garramarri district from the disbades hills, on the south side of the valley. Y SHTOI of the (OCYTKY NE.TH the Benar Coal l'icla Ilmost 2 min fr.Bachruddet im Hoorn burn irry remaid 12 maire ne to Ernaint Goud cenated heat, Country Av Judge 4.-L. O #AR 14. A. 1 r ·,,Iking common 175 NERBUDDA. 185. The Benar conl is exposed on both banks of the Secta Rewa river, at a point where that stream issues from the Malindeo hills. The Sccta Rewal fows from thence through a rich cultivated plain a distance of 12 miles to the town of Gurrawarra, where it joins the Sukur which falls into the Nerbudda after a continued course of 12 miles morc, tlırough thio sunc rich flat country. Thic wliole distance from tlic Nerbudda to the coal mines nt Benar lcing 24 miles, with a curt road the whole way. It would appear from tlic annexed notes of Lt. Col. Ouscley, that there are three beds of coal in this locality of 20 fect, 10 fect, and 251. fect in thickness respectively, covered merely with Ist. Sandstono 5 to 6 fect. 2nd. Good Coal 3 fect. 3rd. Quartz Sandstone 1 foot, after which come tlie three successive beds of coal of tlie dimensions borc stated. NOTES. By Lichtle liant Colonel Onscicy. Dennr, discovered Ith January 1915, centre of the bed cxamined, as far as 40 feet thick, right bank 20 feet thick, leſt bank 25 feet thick. Beuns corl crpinsed by action of olie walor 81 yards wille, and 127 yards 12 inches long the river. Sandstone,...... 5 10 6 feel (iood Coul, ;3 feels Quarl: Sundstone, I fool. 30 or 10 fort in the centre bied of the coul 83 per cent. better than the Scotch coal tried on the Indus Steamer at Bombay. Reported by Colonel 11ood, Sccretary Bombay Gorcrumcul, 29th June 1839. I could not ascertain how thick the lowest bed of coal was, more than 10 feet, 1 BY (UTTI. CILAT, frojni v Policordo . it 31 crocireal Sirium of . . vider of our gorda We, asl, samt cual reponsel van * weier om ike sanit srove, sf words presle.by pemelis innen ·acLaTION WERBUDDA. 276 186. Kofra. On the llard tiree, one of the tabularies of the Sulur, 30 miles to the eastward of Dinar. three bede of coal were found by Col. Oascles, the largest of Fluich is 4 feet in thichaoss. These lels aru Atended near the confluence of the land with the Sakur. Abstract of Coal at Gurra artt. District, Ticid. Locality. Bel. Gurtwarta, ********** Secta lewa River, ... a, 20 feet, Benar, 1, 40 fect. , 25 feet Kofra, SJunction of the Pared with tho sa fool Sukur Rivers b, 2 feet. afect ........... Berdwaala Mom p Dy cicaraung, no doubt the 21 rules from the coal to the Nerbudda mould admit of conreying the coal by Waler But it is to the Italway I look for the remoral dl the coal l'or the Bombay and Calcutta lire should actually commence here, where tym iron is produced (This is the only coal that cales as the way the Welch roa) coca in long hraps) and along the base of there Bil's the rulroad should run, they ne a continuatums of the "Mahadeo fulls or " S.Surxhul." and extend away west, under different names to Asseergurh. In Rajaborang kad the Relytest hill, coal is luural, 1reces having been I rought in to me, fue ineter tiszted the domain 14. Exer sipec 1936 I have thought it un isable that this coal shoull be first applied to smelung the one arom) making it to!o rada aml laymg them from the mines towards Borbay and Calevita at the same time. Taramuntad E wie Lune Word Nos

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·SERBUDDA 178 189 Horagut! At Boragurl near Varılanport, txo small Lu els of coal vero found by Col Ouseles, onc of them 21, and the other 12 inclies thick 190 Sunndcl. right miles south of Bloorde on the Bhoorni nirer, (one of the tnbatanics of the Tumah) coal occurs on Loth banks--peither the number, sire or other peculiarities of the beds at this locality being inentioned Abstract of Coal 12 thue Bartool Dietrict District Field Locality Les Shawpore, Purto, Mardan porn, ofet if ut 9 inches Borgarh, 1 fool 8 miles south of Bhoorda, Sze not statel, from 9 inches to 2 feet tlich Dhoorna Riser, ... III Julbulpore District. 191 Coal occurs at the head of the valley, on the banks of the Nerbu lda itself, of very superior quality, and in cxtensive beds, as far as tbcy are known 192 Lemala Glat About 9 miles from Jabbulporc, a very large bell of coal, many parls in tlachnews, crosses the bed of the Sounc obliqaely near Leinata Ghat. This coal is of first rate quality, scc 77 on the Analysts of In han coals. It is quarned in small quantity by the Luropean restdents at Julbulpore froin tho bed of the Ther, where it as luft dry after the rains. 197 A second bxd occurs 400 yards lower down the stream, also of large size, but ulic quality of the coal 1 Bard to lo soft. 191 In the staton of Julbulporc coal las also been found at a depth of 70 fect, tlus proving tho existence of extensive coal formation in this vicinity Abstract of Coni al Julbulpore District. 14 Localita Bels. 12 feet 6 lect Nerlalls, Julbulpore, leinata Ghal, 400 yards loner down the Hiver, Cantonments at A Les til or 70 feet, lot tracel NOTI. • Lerol Cat Cor, 5% à I fswanked to de lg llortul ucal Socir, qimes of oe qerore cool !** from the decades, asal whxh bearls copiespools in consproe. 1943 * si catch Carmelocal to 100 m Anahata Center Y ·179 CU TCH. 195. Forty miles from the northern coast of Cutch two thin scams of coal have been observed, varying from one to twenty inches in thickness. They are exposed by the bed of a river near Blıooj, between Seesugud and Kooliec, at a place called Trumboo, and also at Doojapore. 196. No expense has been spared to follow up these indications, but without success; a depth of 190 feet was penetrated, chiefly through thin bedded sandstone of various colours, its texture changing to coarse and fine argillaccous, siliccous, and ferruginous, friable and hard, together with numerous layers of clay and pyritous iron ores, with a few layers of slate clay; and finally, at a depth of 190 fect, extremely fine particles of quartz, with an artesian spring of water werc rcaclied. Abstract of Coal at Cutch. District. Field. Locality: Bed. ........ Cutch, ....... Near Bhooj, ſ Doorjaporc,........ 20 inches. In the bed of the Trumboo R., Several thin seams. ........ ... 2 ·AXALYSIS OF INDIAX COALS. 180 Tulle of Ixclws Coxalt analysed in the Laboratory of the Slun ble Company's Dispensary, from Jannaty 1639 . rl 1816, in continuation of Princep's Table, Joernal Anatic Surciell, 1834, p 177. Confron in 103 part Xo. Locality Quality Irom wlinm moral Volatile Carton Fartly Anil timainous tnatit Tatilir CO J Sfoliacin, Cannel Coal, . Narx mulhe oflic.: 429 51.6 3G 40 1.32 1.3 1 26 1 49 1.2 1 27 25 36 03 C8Blergue, Luuy 45 La cellent, Ditto, cxccllent, Slaty, Infror 13 67 Burung Punjie Dtto, variety, 31 29 30 30 1.3 51 32 336 527 48 468 35 722 76 Klota, Sagrowls, .. Mid ng 17 Jabl alpere, Excellent, Seor "Deare, the B Scan, 79 26 Mr Illuo 11,7u dlar, 1839 Cait. Iligke, In Jun 1877 Cart Jenkins, August, 1939 Xe Tyler, Siem hwartniên 10 Iitto pecuden marked Palamut 12 Detto alitto 10th Septemler, 1819 SJ Blun let's Isit.at, Lacat pant 3 Ilutchinson, 27th August, 1631 7.5 Major Lister, 4th September, 1539. 4r Ditto ditio ditto 20. Dtto detto dito. 7 Datto 21 January, 1810 10.3 Mr l'aten baw January, 1810 riCapt Jolanton, 18th April, IR40 23 lut. Strong 24th June, 1810 8 Ditto ditto, 12 Cart Bagle July 1940 138 Capt li roughton, 224 Septedalur, Br Stilsbury Alr l'avenishaw, 2014 Sovember, 1040 30 G from bouth Africa, (Vozim!:quc) Mr Blund 11, 1bruary, 1811 Vir Seunce, April, 1441 6 rool throngta Carl Jolinston, April 1811 20 Vr Jae Intet Mor 1811 39 Air III. Tampton, 8th July 1841 13 Marine Board, 61 pur sit 20 5 Ditro, 8th dirto dito Captan Guthrie, In TH, 7th Varth 1812 Discovered by Sir Jo Ilford YR Asistant locureun hurryer tus Icing 1442, nem m* . * 13 597 12 1 28 1 30 1.29 1 +9 12 16 172 1.373 the Ilustang . 50 376 21 62 CIG 40 1G $0 24-6 974 61 214 171 20 4 34 82 Piclelne Gulf Anthracite, #1 Doobril port Inferior Slaty Coal, 61 ! Je pare, Upper Acam,ujuesit, * 1 ulo Cherauja Borneo), Very superior, OG { Pokemon Arreng Taletwr, 67 Bakrampore, Cachar, Superior, 14 1.3 131 າ 1.39 61 325 13 30.5 GUS * 374 218 14 30 400 9. Dito din Marl, 11 Gula Ricer, 89 Dhuwur Infersor, Tanarosee Css Brwn Coal, burns 49 lands fritis, Mirampars, or 134. lay to Caribar Ditto, Faitesh Canlari 01 IINA Cool Brown Coal, Mline! Bundan! Suretu, 9315bular, (Cla). Very superior, 1.2 20 10 Det blant 1212 • 1.3 to 14 10 23+ no 11.11 3G CO . 1.43 1. * The largeseryering of Calm in the Coal wall tenkt i interbro *** Mwakrilssluo buc DuoSt be a more reenvoul.ly a nature 1:42 1 sente Lort ty of the bone s slaat 15 mile from the most *** the futur i dtaste of so mica fue there ·181 ANALYSIS OF INDIAN COALS. Table of Indian Couls «nalyscal in the Taluratury of the Hou'lle Conny's Disprasary, from Jumumiy 1839 in May 1816, continuu. Composition. Lucality. Quality l'roin wlonr received. Sr. Gravity. Volatile Na. ter. Earthy and Fertuiginous Vatter. Carbon 46. 53.4 .6 Major Jenkins, 24th April 1844. Major Jenkins, 26th April, 1814. 90 ..... 35.9 2.9 12. 01 Ilear the Pilla of the Without exrruption ) 1 Jammina. (1:"111), Cual on the line, The best of the Terro 1 Madelee, ( dam) Superior, , Nicolae lande... Wethepari Sucimu'al, liis 27 Dibhinn (alaam). Molallfrerior,.... Digohen triliunry 7 of the Journeminina Ilull Eartly Coral. 1 milumettetallo, Very superior............. 99 Gerul 1.3 1.3 5. GO. 33.8 10.G 2 Moss. Harhay and Co. 27th May, 16.16. Captain Rogers, 25th Jan. 1845. Nie 84. Masters and Wood Varel, 1815. Col. Discly, December 1845. Forwarded by Lt. Col. Cox to the gri-llorticultural Society, and sent for Analysis by James llume, Est, 1964 March 1846. Blain. ........ 22. 60 8 12 1.331 ....... 100 Jubilutlquore, ........ l'annel Coal............ 1.3 39 37 J. MCCLELLAND, Assistant Surgeon, Sccrctary Coal Committee.

·182 Description of the annered Jap and Sections illustratire of the distribution of Coal in India. No lact 13 better established than that coal was originally formed in small isolated or detached basins. It 13 incorrect, perhaps, to say that the same bed may run to any very great or considerable distance, however appearances considered, without reference to full geological particulars, may seem to suggest such a conclusion Lieut. Hutchinson, in his report on the coal beds of Arrahan, refers the veins observed at Bolonga and Sandoway, though 200 miles apıt, to one and the same bed And Mr flomfray in a report on Palainow coal, dated 10th July 1837, states that it is traceablo to Dardman and Becrbhoorn. Such supposedl connection is however, more apparent than real, and depends on the direcuon of mountains, rather than upon the original extension of the same bed, which can seldom be traced more than a few milis. Thuis fact in the history of coal, is of mach practical importance. For lorever much the associated rocks may appear to be alike, we have reason to expect the local circumstances on wluch the value of the coal deperds, ta Luase something peculiar in them, in every situation in which it occurs West of the Ganges the best coal is always citlicr the deepest or most remate froin water carriage Thero may be exception to this rule, but we know the Ifazareebaugh, the Surgogja, the Sohagepore, and the Nerladda coals, to be superior to those of Burdwan, Cuttack, Rajmchal, and Palamow This we can explain from the fact which has been established by Mr Murchison and others in the listory of coal, namely, that the main, or nchest and best beds are always lon est in the series. Being lowest, they consopuently require to extend a greater distance at an inclined angle before they reach the surface. Thus in the Section A B, Plate 2, the upper bed of Burdwan coal crops out at Serampore (a) when the lower or mun coal (e) extends sixty miles further into the hills before it crops out. Oul-crops of coal are always arrangel around, or on the flink of mountains or disrupted strata. Parignanth 14 the base to which the Burdwan coul is inclined on the south east, and tho Ramglur Leds on the soutdı, Palamov on the north, and Rajmehal on the east. 78e higla lands of Mynpatt would also appear to be the basc around which tho Surgooja beds aro arranged There may be a difference of qaality and appearance between the upper, or surface, and the lower, or main bels of coal, but still they both cqually belong to the same formation Cartan Trenicnlcere has therefore doubtless in crror in supposing the impression of plants be observed in the coal Leds on the Great Tenasserim, to be those of recent plants. So also is Vr flomfray most unquestionably in error in supposing the grasses he found growing over the rost bude of Palamos, to be those from wluch the coal of that valley were formed. Tero those obserrations correct, such beds could not belong to the trac coal measures as te loow they do, from the nature of the mineral itself, as well as from other minerals and fossils Tith shich it is connected Section CD Plate 2 represents the general level from lingolee to the coast. 2 ·183 K. Plate 1, represents & Section G. II. Iate 2, represents the same froin Chiotasyur to the coast. 1. general section of thic conl forumtion from Sillut to lpper desain, which together with Section A. B. Plate 2, and :id similar Sections throughout this report, are only to le regarded as afloriling a gcncral idca of the subject, rather than it correct representation of the forin il disposition of the beds, The Mape will require no further dem.cription, as they cither explain themselves suſtieintly, or are referred to in the fut. A Skeleton Vinp, or Kes, to the conl lucalities in India has been prepared in thic Surveyor General's Office, by order of Government, the coal sites being ninrked on it from information on thic records of the Committee, except the sites in Singrowlic, which are put down on the authority of Captain Wroughton.* J. MCCLELLAND, Assistant Suryron, Srerctury Coal Committce. 11th July, 1943. • 77.c Map in qui::!,117 Herr with a kivenlarril. Jale Cool Committer, las luon nalle ore tu ile Asiatic Serinly. 1'. Rid lule, Bengal Military Orplan Press.

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