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·SAUNDERS' MONTHLY MAGAZINE. No. V.] MARCH, 1852. [VOL. I. CONTENTS FOR MARCH. ............ ........ Рлар ARIANA HODIERNA, 277 CHARRY HARTWELL, THE JOLLY Good Fillow, 284 FREQUENT CONTESSION,....... 290 ON VEDANTISM ; OR, THE RELIGION OF THE VEDANTA,.,... 291 THE TOMB OF THE SUTTEE........ 303 THE FOLK At our Station No. III...... 305 Milo,...... 312 NOTES ON THE KINGDOM OF OUDHE,... 313 InscriptiON...... 322 RETROSPECTIONS OF A YOUNG MAN ; BEING THE ANTECE- DENTS OF FREEMAN, OF THE 76TII B. N. I., RELATED BY HIMSELF,........ 323 THE RAINBOW,.......... 832 A Few WORDS TO THE LADIES--No. II......... 8388 THE MAN-HUNTER'S MOAN ! 340 ...... ..... .......... ...... .............. SE.ECTIONS AND TRANSLATIONS.—A Week in Paris, in February 1848. – The Queen of Spades. — The Novels of Cervantes—The Deceitful Marriage..... weiteren. H...

·TO CONTRIBUTORS. T.'s lines are declined with thanks, and have been returned as requested. The Fragment " To Sleep," savors rather of Morpheus than of the Muses. t T. A.'s “ Pic-Nic Party" will appear in the Sketch Book. Hi" Memento" is a leetle too heavy. R. F. F. must pardon our declining his Sonnets. " The Prophecy of Ahijab" shall appear in an early Number. shall be glad to see the promised prose article. We paper on We will endeavour to publish the Cape Policy" in our April Number, and the one on “ New Zealand" shall appear, if possible, on the 1st May. N. B. Rejected contributions will not be returned unless at the particular request of the writers.

·POTRPAN M SAUNDERS' ISO) MONTHLY MAGAZINE. No. V.] MARCH, 1852. [Vo... I. ARIANA HODIERNA. The last issue of the Edinburgh Bactria and Sogdiana, " for their Review contains an article* on speech," (he adds)" is for the most Comparative Philology, which will part the same. lt will be our form the basis of the following object to shew that from this region remarks. Indeed, were that ar have emerged at different periods ticle entirely confined to the lan the whole of the "audax Iapeti guages and ethnology of this genus, " the masters of arms and country, it would have been un arts through India, Persia, the necessary for us to enlarge upon Caucasus, Europe, and the best the subject ; 80 profound are the part of America; and that of this views of its author. But such remarkable race, the Ilindoo of • was not his object; and therefore, to-day presents, like a fossi] of if we can direct the stream of his history, one of the earliest, and at information (assisted by the thin the same time ont of the purest canals derived from our own readrepresentatives. ing) to the rich plains of Indian history, our humble labours may It is indeed stated by the sanot be altogether uninteresting to crcd writers of the Pentateuch, our readers, be they Hindoo or whose antiquity will be allowed European. even by those who doubt their plenary inspiration, that the hu- The great Geographert of an man race sprung originally from: tiquity informs us that, in his time, one pair; and that there was a the name of Ariana was under- period when their dedildants stood to apply to Persia, Media, throughout the earth wait of one and even the Northern parts of speech; and this accounts.gear- * Edinburgh Review, No. CXCII. Art. 1. VOL. I.--NO. V. + Strabo ·278 Ariana Hodierna. ly deriving support from the re It is true that the Hindoo classsearches of the ablest ethnologists, es alluded to have preserved but from the veteran author of Kosnios faint memorials of a northern orito our own lamented Prichard. gin; but such as they are, they But the traces of such identity all tend one way. The marks of which such enquirers have disco their march are to be seen this vered are, at present, but faint, day ; .cver southward, till they nor does profane history inention are lost amongst the ape-armies any definite epoch of universal of the Deccan, and the demon brotherhood. chieis cf Ceylon. And, in the carliest written records which the The connection, indeed, of invaders have prescrved, we find Greek and Latin was too obvious the naine of " Arya" used indisto escape the notice of the coldest criminately for the best," and pedantry, but schulars of fifty for the three privileged classes, years ago had generally little sus contrasted with the word "Supicion of a consanguinity be dra,” as though these last were tween these and the Teutonic, the the subjugated aborigines. Indian, or the Slavonic ; while even now, though that one great Now if we turn to the ancient fact seems nearly demoxstrated, Scriptures of Persia, do we find few data cxist which permit of, any footsteps corresponding with our tracing them up to a point those on the other side of the wliere they should merge in the Himalayas ? To answer this ques- Arabo-Ilebraic, the Turanian, or tion we must briefly glance at the the aboriginal languages of Ame- history of the Zendavesta, the only rica. authority that we possess which lays claim to the desired antiquity. It was Sir William Jones who When this volume was first made first propounded the notion that known to Europeans by Anquetil the twicc-born classes of this du Perron, who received it from country, the Brahnian, the Kslut- the Parsees of Surat, it was actrya, and the Vaisya, were cepted with caution, and exposed once invaders who had been drito a most rigorous and extensive ven across the llimalayas by some examination. And it is the opiconvulsion in Central Asia. And nion of M. Heeren that the rethere were not wanting, at the time, sult of this unusual criticism has those who deemed the theory too completely established the aufanciful, too little supported by thenticity of its contents, as prethe evidence of fact. Succeed. senting the whole (or nearly the ing researches have brought Sir whole) of Persian records ante- William's supposition to something cedent to the time of Alexander. like a certainty; and the name of And further question is avoided, Arya, echoing from the Media if we are correct in believing that of Herodotus to the Germany of the language learned from the Tacitus, is still lingering about Zendavesta has been the chief the classic plains* of Thanesur among the keys which have enand Timotinapur. abled Grotefend and Rawlinson Called in the Vedas Aryavertta." 11 ·Ariana Hodierna. 279 to decypher the arrow-head in Homeric poems, the earliest writcriptions of Persepolis. Of course ten records of the Greeks, we obno modern forgery could have serve the existence of a privileged done this. race of chiefs, nobles, and kings, while we observe that to this Zoroaster, or Sapetman Zer Aristo-cracy is applied an adjecdusht, as he styles himself in this tive which is completely unsuited book, informs us that he lived in to its grammatical position as the the time of Gushtasp, and has ac superlative of Agathos, but easily cordingly been set down by some enough understood if connected as a cotemporary of the father of with the Persian and Sanscrit Darius Hystaspes. Yet itis curi words. True, mere similarity of ous that his appearance is not nonames is not in itself sufficient to ticed either by Herodotus or Xen warrant the conclusions on which ophon in mentioning this epoch, we would insist. It is for instance though the institutions of the perfectly optional with us to be- Zendavesta are described as then lieve, or to disbelieve, the stateexisting ; and that. Plato, the. ment (supported by many able first Greek writer, who speaks authors) that the Cathari are the of Zoroaster, treats him as a very Khuttries, the Getæ the Jats, or ancient author. Nor does it ap the ancient Malli, the sponsors of pear that lIystaspes, the Gushtasp, Mooltan. It is on no such slenwho was the father of Herodotus, der grounds that the Arian or In- Darius, was ever seated on a throne do-Gernianic languages and the which his son only ascended, ac peoples who have spoken them, are cording to the received account, by considered to belong to the same a trick on the part of his groom. family, though such considerations But further, Zoroaster describes are most valuable, when, as in the his Eriene, the nation of the Arii, present case, the hints of tradition as not fixed in any land, much less correspond to the facts of philothe modern Persia. On the conlogy ; and we find the idioins so trary it migrates from the east classed agrecing in all that conward of Sogdiana, where the re stitutes the genius of a language; mains of the elephant still attest the inflections of the nouns, the the truth of his statement that the conjugations of the verbs, the climate was once tropical--across numerals, and the household the Oxus,--and in a westerly di words. rection to Media and Persia, then southward by way of Herat, Ca It would be out of our province bul and Candahar as far as "Hapte to give more than some of the Hando," or the seven Indias. more prominent instances of this Icrc then we have the Arii coincidence selected by the Rewith their priestly, regal, and pasviewer. Full lists may be found toral tribes (and the care of cattle in Bopp's Comparative Grammar belonged of old to the Vaisyas) (which has been translated into brought down to the confines of English by the Ilindoostanee India, and ready to appear after Professor at Haileybury); many an indefinite lapse of time in Arya- will, no doubt, suggest themselves vertta, or northern Hindoostan, to the reader, as he reflects upon Now it is a fact that in the the subject.

·280 Ariana Hodierna. Sanscrit. Old and Modern Persian. Greek, Latin. Old and Mo. dern German. English. påtēr. pidar. bhràta, bråder, dochter. påter. frater. pitar. bhràta. duhiter. pasu. ........ vater. bruder. tochter. vihu. father. brother, daughter. cattle. .... thugater. pou. pecus. [It may be remarked that this word is probably preserved in English also in the word "fee," a representation of the Latin pecunia. Also in the vernacular pohe of this country.] Sanscrit. Greek. Latin. Old German. English. Divas (Dyans.) (Zeus) Dios, (sub) Dio, Theos. Deus. Zio. Sky and Gud. [This interesting relic of Chaldaan worship (the root being in Sanscrit Div, "to shine,"') is still preserved in the religion of the Parsees; and in the Hindec word Dēva.] 4 Sanscrit. Persian. Greek. Latin. German. English. bhu. bu. fa. fu. bin. be. [Connected with this is a curious word Bog, the Slavonic for God, and corresponding to the Sanscrit and Hindee bhag wàn, &c., apparently implying the idea of self-existence." The (9) passes into an (h) in son.e languages. In the name Bistoon or Bohistun, the great rock of Cunei-form inscriptions a few leagues from Ker- 'man Shah, and considered to belong to the most remote period of the Persian Empire, this word oc- .curs in combination with sitoon* a tower;" while in connection with some form of stàn, a place;" it appears in bihisht, “Heaven."+] Next in order of coincidence comes the inflection of the nouns, of which it need only be observed that the dominūs and logos of Latin and Greek Grammar, often illustrated with cuts (as poor Hood said) to our youthful intellects, corresponds almost entirely in respect of declension with the Sangcrit noun in (a:) or Visarga, which is nothing but a soft (s). We now come to the numerals, the most striking and complete coincidence that our subject presents. * Xot, as the Beriewer supposes, with stan; for, how get rid of the important sound of (t) a Lone vowel ? + Until the word bnce applied to the Deity by a stretch of metaphysical daring on the part of our untntored forefathers, cmerges in modern India in relation to the humble but laborious water-attar, often lied as a "angel" by fevered patients on many a hard fought field.

·Ariana Hodierna. 281 Sanscrit. Old and Modern Persian, Greek, Latin. Old and Mo. Old and Mo. dern German. dern English. an, eka. aeva. yek. eis. unus, ains. ein. one. dwa. dwa. du. duo. duo. twai. Zwei. twegan.t two. tri. thri. seh. treis. tres. threis. drey. thri. three. chatwar. chatwar. chahar. tessares. quatuor. fidvor. fier. feover. four. puncham.puncham. punj. pente. quinque. fünf. fif. five. shash. cewas. cheh. hex. sex. saichs. sechs. six. saptan. haftam. huft. hepta. | septem. sifun. sieben. Iseofan, seven. " with From the above list it will be &c., and possibly founded on the seen that the resemblance beimmemorial position of the letter tween the numerals has been less 66), the second alike in the Heaffected than in other cases, by brew, Arabic, Greck and Teuton the lapse of time. Some changes Alpha-Bets. have, it is true, taken place ; but Again, in the coincidence of the they are generally to be simply. Arian words for " seven, accounted for ; nay morc, when the safch of the Hieroglyphics, taken in connection with other and the sabath of the Arabic and facts, they help to furnish a law Hebrew, we have, probably, anfor tracing other and greater perother trace; and moreover a ground mutations. Parts, for example, of the Sanscrit chatwàr appear in for suspecting that the sanctity of the seventh day is of earlier standthe Latin quatuor, old German ing than the time of Moses ; the Fidvor (and, it may be added, in words being so similar in forms of the Celtic pedyar), and when we speech usually so markedly disfind that similar changes have octinct. curred in the ensuing numeral, in precisely the same languages, Nor are the pronouns and verbs we are led to conclude that ch, po less worthy of notice; though the ſ and qu, have some degree of re connection here is perhaps not so ciprocity amongst certain differ- strikingly obvious to a superficial ent branches of the Arian speech. observation. Look however at Nor is this all that we may learn the similarity of structure between from these useful words ; they the substantive verb of Latin, its also give dim glimpses of a time fac-simile in Persian, the Greek when the Semitic had not separat verb in (mi,) and the undeviating ed from the other races,—the peinflection of the Sanscrit verb. In riod to which Chev. Bunsen is these we find that one and all disposed to refer the migration of have the 1st person in (m.) the the ancient Egyptians. Thus, in 2nd in (s) the 3rd in (1) of the the Basque, an old, but abnormal singular; while the plural conlanguage, we have bi for two, cor tains (um) (us) (unt.) Now when responding with the Latin bis, and we add that (m) is the root of the Hindu bais, bawun, basuh, the 1st personal pronoun in— # Whence the indefinite article. † Whence our " twain," (nod being the mark of the plural in Saxon.

·282 Ariana Hodicrna. Sanscrit. Persian. Greek. Latin. German. English. a bam. emoi. mich. me. man. ma. hemeis. me. (nos, or enos being Etruscan.) That of the 2nd (s) in Persian Greek. Latin. shuina, Su. vos (?) That of the 3rd (t) in Greek. Latin English. tonto, id (d and t are reciprocal). it. We cannot resist a temptation to issue. * The very specialties are connect the above-named simple often the same. and ancient personal termina- The Greek laws on these subtions with some obsolete fornis of jects," it has been said by an exthe pronouns in whose place they cellent authority, as instituted stand, and whose powers they ex by Solon, arc founded on consipress. derations so similar, and provided for in so much the same way, as Having now placed in the rea under the Ilindoo system, that der's hand the clues which will little room is left for doubting that lead him to the Japetic fountain they came originally from the same head by the paths of history and source as those of the Ilindoos." philology ; let us, before we Not less remarkable is the finish, point out some of the more “Coemtio," a form of marriage important analogies in laws and common to these codes, and alludsocial customs. Foremost among ed to, (though with disapprobathese is the singular view of the tion) by Menu, who calls it Sura, succession to property, founded the sale of a daughter." on the supposed obligations of fu Strange, indeed, would it seem neral rites, and their importance should the religious aspect of to the peace of the deceased in a marriage among the Greeks and future state. This is found to Romans prove to have come oripervade the institutions no less of ginally from the East, where that Greece than of India, as well as institution has been latterly the the kindred subject of adoption most perverted from its purer obby a man who has no natural jects, by the introduction of poor The Reader will be reminded of the dream of Simonides ; and thc petition of Archytas lor. Hør. l. Carm. XXVIII. L. 23-4.

·Ariana Hodierna. 283. lygamy. The identity of feeling takes like those of Niebuhr and which gives marriage its social and Parkhurst, is to avoid their dogcivil value, cannot exist whilc a matism, and remain in that attidoor is left open for the inconstan tude of enquiry which is the cies of caprice or lust. This truth most befitting to the mind of man appears to have been discovered in on most if not on all subjects. the forests of Germany; but the Even supposing that we had far religious sanction we have derived more knowledge of the obsolete from the Civil or the Canon Law; and other languages than the whole for the old common law of Eng- body of philologists at present land knows it not. possess, that knowledge alone We may also refer to the Striwould not warrant us in pronouncdhana, the wife's inalienable pro ing on the common origin of any perty, so curiously reflected in group of nations. If however, the paraphernalia of the Civil that evidence is backed by those Law. of traditional history and of moral It is curious, now that the rela and physicalscience, t we may pertionship between the various Arihaps be permitted to express the an types is so well made out, to conviction we feel that the Rajturn back to the misconceptions poot and the Anglo Saxon are of Classical Scholarship.* The brothers by blood; the latter hav- Latin was always set down as a ing become the progressive being derivative from the Greek; Park he is by the force of outward hurst, the learned author of the sure, while the former had chrys- Lexicon to the Greek Testament, tallised in his present shape before will have it that Greek is derived he was subjected to any important from llebrew! while Niebuhr foreign influence. And while we gravely states, and is as gravely bless the good fortune that sent followed by our own Arnold in out our fathers as wanderers, and the statement, that the Latin borgave them the energy for action rowed words of war from the Ita and the courage for resistance Van languages, those relating to which they have always shewn, the arts of peace from the Greek. let us never cease to look with Any Sanscrit schular could have reverence on this country, and the shewn that many of the martial mysterious traces of our origin words alluded to were common to which its laws, languages, and the Greek and Sanscrit, many to traditions still preserve. It is ill the Sanscrit and Latin. sneering at any time, much less In conclusion, we would remark does such a bearing become perthat comparatively little of philo sons who are moving amongst the logy is even yet known, so that awful vestiges of their own moral the only way for us to avoid mis Genesis. pres- * We onco sat at the feet of an excellent tutor, who taught his class that deku, the Greek for “tep," canic from drchunai—"I receive," becausemen opened their ten fingers when they had to receive anything. + We have not the incans of referring to their works ; but we believe that Blumenbach And Combe have established it as an axioin in Craniology, that the head of the Brahman, Uke that of the modern European, belongs to the Caucasian group; distinguished by its symmetrical form, and the preponderance of the intellectual development. The Bengalee is merely a bastard Sanscrit. Tho Hindee possesses, as we have seen, a number of Irian roots, though mixed with those of an aboriginal race. The tonguos of the Deccan are helieved to be Malay. lu the foregoing paper we have been speaking only of Hindoostan Proper.

·[ 284 ] HARRY HARTWELL, THE JOLLY GOOD FELLOW. 1 “Ha, ha, ha, ha! devilish good, Of all this merriment Harry by Jove, capital ; never heard a Hartwell was the life and soul, better joke,"—and an uproari with songs, his puns, his coous burst of laughter again broke mical anecdotes, and his inexforth in honor of Harry Hart haustible talent for improvising well's last good thing, while the novelties to awaken interest, or Junior Ensign of the Regiment keep up excitement. He had alinformed a stranger, (his guest) ways some stirring scheme or in a confidential whisper, that other in hand. He it was who de. Hartwell of ours was the best vised the famous nocturnal picfellow in life-regular brick, sir, nic in the cave temples. He had and no mistake." been suggester, promoter, and " I say, Harry, give us a song; Honorary Secretary of the Ladies' Archery Club; he was indisone of your own particular, you pensable at the planning of every know, a funny one, nothing senball, play, race, steeple chase, or timental." water party ; once he not only And Harry did sing a funny got up a masquerade, but actually song, and a very funny song it secured thereat the presence in was, and not in the least senticostume of every lady in the stamental, though there was not a tion, except two that were very man in the station that could sing serious indeed. better sentimental songs than Har It is superfluous to add that he ry, when he pleased; and many a was the life of every Mess party. fair young lady had been fascinat On the present occasion, he was ed by his rich deep voice, when unusually successful, keeping the in some tender love song, he table in a roar with an incessant poured forth the very soul of fire of fun and jokes, though, pathos. But on the public nights strange to say, the notes of my of the gallant he informant are sadly deficient as to eschewed the pathetic; he gave the particulars of the said jokes. a free rein to high spirits and I have scarcely been able to delively fancy, ahd, ike mettled cypher more than one or two, and steeds as they were, they ran away those not of the highest order. with him. The said nights were Still this need not in the least dicelebrated in the station. Never minish con fidence in our Hero's were such meetings ; an atmo wit, for it is but justice to add sphere of jollity seemed to per that my friend's memory became vade the room, making mirth epi singularly obfuscated at an early demic, so that steady old hands period of the evening, and morewould grow quite kittenish, men over that kind of facetiousness of stereotyped Hullness become which tells so well at a dinner ta. unaccountably facetious and se ble will generally fail upon reperious gentlemen forget their gra tition, and never bears the ordeal vity, and indulge in backslidings of being written down. that cost them many an after The "mirth and fun grew fast and furious," lights became mys- Eba, ever ·Harry Hartwell, the Jolly Good Pellow. 285, course. teriously multiplied, voices grew transaction as an extraordinary strangely thick, brilliantly confus- joke. Still, when the train of uped ideas flashed up for a moment, roarious hilarity has been once and then melted into the general broken, efforts to re-unite it gehubbub ; a grave man in the ago nerally fail, and, spite of all our nies of a first joko took five mi Hero's endeavours, the guests nutes to be delivered of it, and dropped off one by one, and the forgot the point after all ; grilled mess room was left to solitude bones and devilled biscuits had and darkness much earlier than appeared and vanished in due was usual on such occasions. course, when at last, a vagrant Morning found our Hero with claret botile flew across the table, the usual headache, but also with a striking lartwell's most particu- heartache that was very unusual lar friend and guest on the face. with him ; he had a vague impres- The unlucky visitor fell from his sion of having been hasty, perchair under the coinbined influ haps unjust, and of course he felt ence of that bottle', and several very miserable and annoyed with others previously ciuptied, and himself, for with all his faults, Harry sprung to his feet in a high his heart was a good one, as a state of excitement, and darted brief sketch of his, history will fiery glances round, in hopes of show. He was the only son of detecting the offender. a doating mother-780 spoiled of There was a week man on the As a boy, he was in the other side the table, a Brevet intoxication of high health and Captain Lamb, who had entered exuberant spirits, ---the wildest the service for an easy livelihood, young dog at school, as well as the and felt as much at liome in it as handsoinest beyond compare. As a flounder in a haystack. IIe had a youth he had been utterly unleen in a state of awii uneasiness manageable, and universally befor the last hour, and had made loved for his kinduess of heart, sundry attempts to retire, but his and sweetness of temper. Ile had inviter, who early attained the been taken on trial as a clerk by unreasonable stage of intoxica friends of his father, a merchant tion, would not hear of his going, and a banker and a lawyer, but and he had just taken advantage they all cleclared it was a hopeof the said inviter's final subsi less task to try to make a man of dence under the table, to make a business of Harry; so at last, as hasty bolt for it, -the act, the atti a dernier resort, his mother was tude, the misery depicted on his obliged to submit to part with face, his agitation, all seemed to him, and accepted an Infantry mark him as the culprit, and with Cadetship in the Indian Army. one bound, larry clcared the It was high time to get him out table, seized the innocent man by of the way of daily multiplying the collar, and without question new temptations, and of certain or reficction, kicked him out at unpleasant results of former ones. the door. Jarry resumed his seat It was a sad disappointment to amid the plaudit of the still arti the poor lady, who had set her culato portion of the revellers, heart on seeing her dear boy a especially of the actual aggressor, Clergyman, but there was no help who seemed to look on the whole for it, and off to India our Hero VOL. I.--NO. V.

·286 Harry Hartwell, crewas sent. On boardship, he had money at ruinous sacrifices, and been the idol of the sailors, the finally paid over to his friend envy of the midshipmen, the glory nearly double the sum that was of the cadets, and the dread of the actually due, to prevent discovery quiet old passengers, of whom he of the fact that he had never kept seemed to stand in no awe wliat any account at all. Jones, anever, though one of them was a Ma other friend of his, once entrusted jor General, and another a Judge him with a sum of money to be of the Sudder. As a griffin he gave lodged as a deposit for purchase. claret breakfasts and champagne Robinson was in great distress tiffins, kept a pack of hounds, and for cash, and could not raise a drove the smartest tandcm in the loan at the Banks or from the place. His mother had procured shroffs on any terms. Harry could for him a letter of credit, the not help feeling for him. Why, amount of which crippled her own thought he, should Jones' money resources for years, and for the lie idle; he may just as well get brief time it lasted, Harry grudged high interest for it ; in fact, it nothing to himself or any one else. would be very wrong to let slip His money and all he had was as such an opportunity of consulting much his friends' as his own, and Jones' interest, and then it would when his money was gone, his be such a convenience for poor dit was similarly Catholic. When Robinson : besides, if the worst he joined his corps, it was just coine to the worst, I can but the same ; he was courted by all, make it good. So he lent Robin- Bome cultivating his acquaintance son, Jones' inoney, but unfortuwith a sincere desire to benefit nately, when the coin happened him, and many witl: an equally to be called for, llạrry could not sincere wish to benefit then make it good, being too deep in selves. Whenever he got into debt to raise a loan. Robinson scrapes he met with kindness and had got himself caslıiered shortly indulgence, for his open-handed before, and had it not been for liberality, his talents, and the ex Jones' good nature, it would have traordinary fascination of his man gone hard with our llero. He ners, engaged every heart to would often, in his sanguine way, leniency. Yet some of his scrapes make promises far beyond his had been trying tests for even power to perform, and a trick of the inost generous körbearance. postponing "tiresome" business A brother Officer had gone to the last minute, often disapaway on sick leave, and had left pointed those who had trusted to the settlement of his affairs to him matters of the greatest im- Hartwell. Harry had sold off the portance. He had a most partiproperty, buying himself every cular friend, named Vallancey, thing that could find no other whose wife was a petty lively fool purchaser, had collected the mo of a woman, innocent as an Anney, and.-spent it, as thought- gel, but sadly wanting in brains. lessly as if it was his own. He During Vallancey's absence on never though tagain on'the subject command, Flarry continued his till he was suddenly called upon visits as usual to the house, and for an account. He then made the often used to take the lady out in most strenuous exertions, raised his curricle. The intimacy itself ·The Jolly Good Fellow. 28Z was as blameless as could be, for quence softened her heart. He led it was not one of our Hero's faults her thoughts to the English home to be traitor to his friend, nor yet of her childhood, and to her moto take advantage of a woman's ther; he painted the results of her confidence to her own detriment. deterinination as affecting others, But to seem rather than to be is rather than herself; he spoke of the criterion of worldly respecta the misery of that mother when bility, and the good taste and cha she should hear of it, of the brority of the station were only too ken heart of the grey-haired old ready to adopt the harshest con man when the child of his prayers clusions, so that when Vallancey was branded as a cast-away. The returned, he was confidently in stubborn pride of the woman meltforıncd of his own dishonour by ed in her tenderness, and after a one who was too much his flood of passio:iate tears, she confriend to allow him to be so de sented to take shelter with the ceived." Vallancey was jealous, wife of a brother officer, her must irritable, hasty. He rushed honie intimate friend, until the result of and upbraided his wifio in no micae the mediation could be linown. sured terms with what he had It i. with pain and shaine I add, heard. Mrs. Vallancey was weak, that that friend refused to receive petulant, and morbidly proud. She her ! " The wretch who could took fire at the insult, refused to leave her husband roof, and reexculpate herself, and rushed froin main for hours unaur that of a bathe house scarce knowing whither chelor, above all of the gay, handshe went. The gate of llartwell's some, fascinating, Harry Hartcompound stood open before her. well, the very inan notorious as She went in, and stood before the her paramour, should never be astonished man, pale, and with suffered to contaminate the thresglaring eyes, a picture of concen hold of a virtuous woman," trated, unreflecting rage. Ilart With dry eyes and heart, cach well started from his chair, and moment growing more stceled and bastened to ask in what manner callous, the repulsed heard her he could be useful, for it struck sentence. Hartwell, not knowing him that some frightful accident what better to do, conducted her had befallen Vallancey ; but as once more to his own quarters, soon as, from her incoherent ex and leaving her there, took up his pressions, he had got a glimpse of own abode with a brother bache. the truth, he proposed inmediate lor. He made however another atly to go to his friend and unde tempt to see Vallancey, but could ceive him. For some time the not find him at home. Next mornoutraged woman refused, “ If he ing, as he expected, he received a could suspect her, he might ; she challenge: no explanation would would not degrade herself to an be listened to, the attempt only exculpation; she cared not for the produced language from the infuworld, for fame, for appearances.' riated husband, sufficient of itself Indeed, with the natural perver to prevent all chance of amicable sit of an undisciplined mind, she settlement. The meeting was arseemed to glory in the martyr- ranged the same evening, in a dom of unjust persecution. At secluded spot, behind the rocks length, however, Hartwell's elo near the Target practice ground, ·288 Harry Hartwell, senand true to time, the parties ap the Mess party had taken place. peared at the rendezvous. Vallan Our Hero, according to custom, cey's face was flushed, and he was forgot in a day or two all particurestless and unsteady- Hartwell, lars of the occurrence; not so howpale, calm, and collected. He had ever some other gentlemen, whose made up his mind not to rcturn memories had the spur of the fire. At the signal Vallancey sitive honour," to keep them in fired, but missed his opponent, action. Brevet Captain Lamb was who almost sinultaneously dis senior subaltern of a Regiment, charged his pistol in the air. The remarkably unfortunate in the seconds peremptorily forbade a way of promotion, and his juniors second shot, in spite of the vehc felt honourably indignant at the ment urgency of Vallanccy, until disgrace thrown upon the corps finding them resolute, he sudden, by the insult he had received, and ly snatched and levelled at Ilart the quiet way in which he had well's head, a loaded pistol that put up with it. A few days sublay in the case. His second instant sequently, our Hero received the ly struck up his hand, and the in- ' following note :- furiated man, inaddened with dis MY DEAR II ARTWELL, ---Hlave appointed revenge, turned the you made any apology to Lamb, muzzle against himself, and the for the affair of last Tuesday? next moment lay a corpse upon Yours, the ground, ith his skull well FisiER. nigh blown to atoms. llarry scribbled off a hasty The suddenness and horror of reply. this most unexpected catastrophe MY DEAR Fisher, -I have made a strong impression on Har made no apology, -as your friend ry. He was remarked by all as an did not ask for one, but shall be altered inan; he devoted himseiflappy to do so, iſ called upon, as to the task of serious reflection, I believe I was in the wrony. abstaining from most of his old Yours, pursuits for nearly six weeks. The IIARTWELL. sequel however was, as usual in He was thunderstruck a few such cases. Those sudden awaken days after this, to hear that the ings of dormant minds, when strong unlucky meek man was in arrest, excitement of feelings or of affec with a formidable charge hanging tions stirs up thought in thought over him, for conduct unbecoinless men, generally sink back ing the character of an officer and again in slumber, as soon as the a gentleman, in having, on such first impulse is expended; so our an occasion, submitted to be llero's animal spirits soon wiled kicked, and otherwise insulted, him from his graver resolutions. without taking any measures to They did not howeverinterfere with obtain redress, or vindicate his his chivalrous generosity; he him character." selfarranged and paid for the pag The unfortunate meek man had sage of Vallancey's destitute wi been wretchedly ill for two days dow to her friends in England. after the party, and from natural It was not very long after Har nervousness, a shrinking timidiry's eturn to his old pursuits that ty, well nigh amounting to imbethe unfortunate contretemps at cility, had postponed, day after ·The Jolly Good Fellow. 289 day, writing to Hartwell, until at curred, so the Commander-inlast he thought it was too late, Chief, who was a great man for and was glad of the excuse to say carrying out principles, and whose nothing about it. He had no friend particular fancy at the time was to advise with, his quondam inti scrupulous sensitiveness on the mates had 'kept strangely aloof point of honour, rejected the refrom him since the occurrence. commendation with a sarcasm on He snatched at the idea that their the Court for having made it. He silence was a proof that they look confirmed the sentence, winding ed on the whole affair as a drunk up with an eloquent laudation of en frolic, unworthy of serious no Lieutenant Hartwell's highly hotice. He now however found he norable conduct. had been miserably mistaken. So the meek man was cashier- Ilarry was indignant; he volun ed,--a crippled sister in England, teered an ample apology, and who depended on him for supmade use of expressions regarding port, left destitute, and Hartwell, the conduct of a brother officer of universally admired, and with the Lamb's, who was above all the rest recorded testimony of superior the most fraternally forward in authority to his noble behaviour, the prosecution, which led to both sat in his solitary room, unutterparties being placed in arrest, to ably miserable. He felt crushed prevent further inischief. lle re under an accumulation of mispresented the occurrence every chances, under the guilt of uninwhere as having been inost trivial tended crimes. He could not free and foolish, till his eagerness perhis mind from the terrible cervaded his hearers that it had been taiuty, that to him and to his confar worse than the reality. Ile duct had been owing the death of denounced the charge as a conspi one man, and the ruin of another. racy, and so bound the accusers It was no matter that as far as inniore stringently to prove it, while tention went, he was innocent of his generous but thoughtless zeal, those results, for he could not rendered his own evidence in clear his conscience of the convic- Lamb's favor nearly worthless. tion that his conduct had not been The Court assembled; the Presi- guided by principle, that such dent was an unbending martinet, catastrophes were neither impossiand two of the members terrible ble nor improbable results of such fire-eaters; the poor meck man was conduct, and that with timely rejudged before he was tricd, and flection, he might have known as the evidence itself, to men who inuch before hand, and so saved decided from facts alone, and all this misery. But then how made no allowance for mistaken could he help his naturc; he was views or peculiarities of character, the sport of Fate, that at every was conclusive. Harry, all but turn seemed to mect and crush perjured himself in the attempt to him. He 'had forced himself to screen the prisoner ; but the case cxamine the state of his afwas hopeless. Brovet Captain fairs, to see what could be done Lamb was sentenced to be cash for Lamb: here, again the dire iered. There was a feeble re Nemesis awaited him ; he found commendation to mercy, in which himself not only powerless to do only two-thirds of the Court con good, but involved himself in dif- ·290 Frequent Confession. ficulties beyond all hope of extrication. His elasticspirit was broken at last, and he sought in drunkenness for oblivion. Day after day bills came pouring in, stringent measurcs were threatened ; even debts of honour remained unpaid, in spite of insulting letters and threats of exposure. llartwell sat moodily over his liquor ; he seldom even opened his letters ; if he did, it was but to tear them up half read. lle became morose in his manners and slovenly in his appearance, though occasionally, under the influence of wine, a flaslı of his old spirit would re-appear. One day, at the house of a friend, where a rather jolly party had been tifling, a dispute arosc concerning a feat of horsemanship stated to have been perforined by a friend of one of the guests, the feasibility of which was vehemently disputed; it had been a most arduous lear, and the narrator mentioned a wall and double ditch in their host's compound as exactly representing the conditions of the feat. Another gentleman declared that there was not a horse in the world that could take it, and the host himself was inclined to assent, adding however that if any could, it would be Ilartwell's bay Arab, Flying Fox. Bets having been made on the subject, Harry declared that no tiine was like the present for decision, and to settle the matter at once, sent for his horse. Onits arrival hemounted and boldly dashıcd at the wall; the noble animal cleared it at a bound, and a Chout of applause rent the air as he landed well clear of the second ditch; but at the very moment the rider fell forward on his hurse's neck, and rolled heavily thence to the ground; they ran to pick him up, but it was all over-- he had died of concussion of the brain. K. FREQUENT CONFESSION. (Translated from the Spanish.) INEZ was sick; and she cried out in pain, My Confessor go bring unto me ; “Quick-quick-go this minute." "But, Madam, explain, “Who cari he, your Confessor, be ?" "My Confessor, oh ! he is a right holy man, " And they call him one Fra Salvador"- Their straight to the Convent, to fetch him, they ran, He had died some half-dozen years before !

·[ 291 ] ON VEDANTISM ; OR, THE RELIGION OF THE VEDANTA, TIE uncertain conclusions obscure it appeared to them. It which have always resulted from is in this strain that the Hindu the rescarches of philosophy, from sages too liave declared, that God age to age, have not a little contri is incomprehensible, undiscoverbuted to confirm the notion, that able, and indescribable, not meanhuman wisdom alone is utterly un ing thereby simply, that human equal to the task of leading men intellcct cannot form any comunto truth. From the earliest plete and definite idea of a Being eras of society, when the intellec so glorious, but that it can form tual powers of the hunan mind to correct idea of him at all. Unwere yet in their infancy, to the deterred by their own admission, present moment, when it may however, they yet ventured boldsafely be asserted that they have ly and far into their investigations, attained a degree of clevation, and the results of their researches never reached before, the primary have been handed down to their object of all our enquiries has descendents, in the shape of so been to acquire a correct know many philosophical systems of ledge of the origin of things, and, theology, as the records of at once still more especially, of that first the wisdom and the piety of their intelligent cause to whom all owe forefathers. But, like all other their being. And yet, it is a philosophical theories of religion, fact, that even the greatest philo- These too are radically unsound sophers of the world" by wisdoin and imperfect; and though here knew not God." However clear and there seasoned with sublime and enlightened might have been conceptions of the Deity, much ticir views on other subjects, low too vague, speculative, and metaeyer shrewd their observations, physical on the whole, to be however vast their capacities, adapted to the comprehension, however deep their research, all the wants, and the nature of mantheir efforts to scale Heaven by kind, and by far too uncertain the ladder of philosophy, all their and insufficient to answer any struggles to peep into the mys purpose of salvation. teries of God and religion by the Of all the systems of Hindu simple help of their own unaided theology, the religion of the Vereason, have invariably proved danta is certainly the most subidle and abortive. In vain have lime, at the same time, that it is the finest talents been brought believed to be the most orthodox, into play, in vain the wisest prin that is, the most agreeable to the ciples laid down and arranged ; Veds. Its antiquity has been vafor the finest talents and the riously estimated. riously estimated. Vyasa is gewisest principles have never yet nerally acknowledged to have been succeeded to hit on any rational its founder, and his Sutras, the hypothesis on the subject, and well-known Vedanta Durshun, its many with Simonides have frankcode of authority. The term ly admitted, that the more they Vedanta," says the author of the examined the matter, the more...Vedanta Sura i applies to sucha ·· 292 On Vedantism; or, arguments as are taken from the raneous to the fight he has im- Upanishads, to the Saririka Su mortalized, the age of the Vedanta tras, and to other similar Shastras may now fairly be estimated at which tend to the same end ;" above three thousand years. Acand in Ward's work of the same cording to some of the mythic name, which, though evidently accounts however, Vyasa is stated not a correct version of the ori to have lived in the Dwapur Yug, ginal, embodies all the popular and the events celebrated in his notions on the subject, the tenets poem to have taken place in the are stated to have been derived Kali Yug, our own age of iron. from the discourse addressed by Onc account even goes to assure Krishna to Arjun, in the Maha us that Dhratarastra and Pandu, bharut, to induce him to lay aside the fathers of the contending fachis scruples, when on the eve tions of the Mahabharut, were the of battle, he hesitated to engage children of Vyasa by his brother's in a war in which he found his widow, The inconsistency of friends, preceptors, and relatives supposing an author's having livarrayed against him. But the red before the occurrence of the doctrines of the Mahabharut, in events he has recorded, is, in cluding that portion of it which is both cases, explained by supposcalled the Gita, and which is, ing a miracle ; that is, that Vyasa looked upon by most of the Ve wrote by inspiration. dantists as a work of great au The origin of the belief in one thority, being an exposition of God in India, as understood in the Vedanta system, as taught the Vedanta, niust however have by Krishna to his disciple, are not been prior even to the age of invariably consonant to those en Vyasa. The Upanishads, the tertained in the Saririka Sutras; principal authorities of the sysand this, perhaps, at once nulli tem, are evidently works of earfies the derivation attributed to Jier date, and, besides the richees the latter by Ward. It will not who composed them, Ikshwaku, however at all disturb the notion Vashishta, Pursara and others, that Vyasa is the author of those maintained the doctrines of the Sutras, since the recognised au Vedanta before Vyasa was born. thor of the Mahabharut is also But the full development of the widely reputed as the compiler system was of later growth. Neiof the Veds; and it is not irra ther the authors of the Upanishads, tional to believe, that, in arrang any of the other sages who proing the scriptures, he was led to ſessed the same doctrines, could compose a treatise on their doc reduce them to one philosophical triner, or rather on that portion of and connected theory ; and the their doctrincs, of which he ap- compiler of the Veds appears to proved. But when did the author have been the first to systematize of the Mahabharut live? The the misty dreams of his predecesdate of the ".great war," which sors, and promulgate them with his great poca records, has been success. The reasons for compilassumed by scholars, to be some ing the Saririka Ictras are thus twelve" or fourteen hundred years summed up in the work translatbefore the Christian If ed by Ward : “ To humble Ka- Vyasa, therefore, was contempo- kootsthu, a king of the race of the nor era.

·The Religion of the Vedanta. 293 sun, who was intoxicated with an and to deny the claims of the one idea of his own wisdom, to point were to break down those of the out that the knowledge of Bruh other. But he grcatly exalted mu is the only certain way of ob his faith over the current popular taining liberation, instead of the notions of religion, called one the severe mortifications of former creed of the wise, and the others yoogus, which mankind are at pre those of the ignorant, and then Bent incapable of performing, and left it to the choice of his readers to destroy among men attachment to embrace whichever doctrine to works of merit, since so long as they preferred. It is certainly a desire of reward remaineth men not to be doubted that his efforts can never be delivered from liabi greatly succeeded. His disciples lity to future birth ; "-to answer were many, and their disciples these ends was the Vedanta com again were a still more numerous posed. It appears very probable, body. But there were neverthethat, at this time, idolatry was less subsequent relapses into idoextensively prevalent in the coun latry, and we find Sancaracharpya try, and that the annikilation of in the 9th century after Christ, its puerile doctrines was the chief once more refuting the vulgar object Vyasa had in view in com tenets, and recalling attention to piling his Sutras.* Nay, the pains the principles of the Vedanta. taken by the philosopher to dis Since then, the Vedanta has been prove diverse heretical and un constantly read and taught all orthodox doctrines alluded to in over India by the learned, and his work, almost establish his mo being the best system of religion tive beyond doubt. But even at in the country, appears always to that early age, idolatry was too have reckoned the more respecstrong in the land to be combat table portion of the community as ed with directly, far less to be its proselytes. Almost all the put down. Vyasa, therefore, did pundits, and the better section of all that a sensible man can be the dundees and sunyasees, have expected to do under such cir- acknowledged its theology as the cumstances. He took all the un most unexceptionable that the exceptionable parts of the Veds wit of man has yet propounded; together, and compiled a com and, in the present age, also, the pendious abstract, or rather a most forward chainpions of the catalogue of proofs respecting rising generation, disgusted with theology, which he called the the popular superstitions of their " resolution," or, as Sir W. Jones country, have rallied around it interpreted the term Vedanta, under the plea of returning to the the end and scope" of the whole pure, philosophical principles of scriptures. He could not deny their faith, to idolatry its pretensions to divine But what is the theology of the authority, for his own theory had Vedanta? Some have denounced with idolatry a common basis, it as one of the grossest forms of • To this it may be objected that the same Vyasa is stated to have likewiso componed the Maha Purans, which trest of the geocalogies and exploits of gods, demi-gode, and he roes, but the objection will not be a powerful one, as in doing so, he merely compiled the vulgar belief. He was an ladefatigable compiler, and won his surname, " Vyasa," by giv. ing to all forms of religion prevalent i ludia, at the age he lived in, a local habitation and Name. VOL. I.NO. V.

·294 On Vedantism ; or, ties." pantheism. But such men have dantism has peculiar dogmas to certainly done it injustice. Ve which the natural theologist can dantism admits, nay, is grounded, never agree to subscribe. If its on the belief of an immaterial expressive and exalted definition Creator, the fount and origin of of theism conveys lofty and subthe whole universe, How then lime conceptions of God, it cannot can it with propriety be said to be denied, that that bright reprecorrespond with that insane theo sentation of the Deity, those lofty ry, which denies that there is a conceptions are again compro- Creator or a creation, and desig- mised by being intermingled with nates universal substance God? positions irreconcilable with the The God of the Vedanta is a sub divine character. The Great lime conception, perhaps as sub- Spirit, which it recognises as God, lime as unaided human reason is spoken of as “void of qualities" could have represented him. by the Vedanta, not meaning He is defined to be " a Spirit thereby that his qualities do not without passions, and separated partake of the nature of our quafrom matter ; pure wisdom and lities, and are different from what happiness; everlasting, unchange our notions represent them, but able, and incomprehensible." He that he is destitute of them alto. is also declared to be “ sole exis gether. Every attribute of a tent, one without a second, un first cause exists in him," says create, omnipotent, and infinite," Vyasa," but he is void of quali- There may be errors in this idea This we believe may very of the deity, nay, we shall venture fairly be interpreted to mean, to assert that, considered in the that the physical attributes, or sense on which the Vedantists in attributes of om.ipotence, omniterpret it, there are ; but, never presence, &c., are allowed to him, theless, it is a noble one altoge but not moral qualities, such as ther, inculcating in strong lan love, mercy, and benevolence ; guage, the simplicity and unity and we find it stated, that where of God. " The best idea that we such qualities are assigned to can form of God," then, says the him, they have been resorted to, founder of the system, “ is that merely to suit the Vedanta theohe is light.” Of this it may be logy to the understanding of said, that it gives us no idea of young beginners, and not under him at all. But Even Milton has any impression that they actually availed himself of the notion as a exist in him. Vyasa takes care sublime one. It occurs also in explicitly to inform us, that, the pages of the Bible,* and it though on this point the texts of would be absurd to set it down as the Veds themselves should be impious. found contradictory, some enduing the Creator with every quali- So far pure natural theology ty, and others denying them to and Vedantiam, slight differences him altogether, " the latter only excepted, are the same. But are to be considered truly applicathis consonance of character is ble, and not the former, nor yet exceedingly short-lived, for Ve both." . 1. John-1, s.

·The Religion of the Vedanta. 295 as He is also spoken of as a Being the desire, thus willed into exisunconnected with his own crea tence, assumes an active charaction, sitting aloof in a state of ter. This desire is severally callprofound abstraction and inactive ed maya, sacti and pracriti, by tranquillity, and enjoying unim different writers, and it is assertpassioned blessedness in the ed, that by this maya was the solitariness of his own unity." universe created, without exertion He is not recognised under the on the part of Bruhmu. Says Christian idea of Providence, as the Mundaca Upanishad, "God an all-superintending and ever desired and willed, and forth iswatchful agent, but in the idea of sued his energy, and from his Epicurus, as one unencumbered energy proceeded life, minds, elewith the management of the world, ments, worlds, duties, and their and free from the cares and vexa fruits." In the Swetaswatara Uptions which attend such a charge. anishad, this maya is represented In the Suta Upanishad, Suta one unborn, red, white, and represents the deity "like one black, creating many beings of the asleep," and Krishna, in the Gita, osame forms : through delighting says, “these works (the universe) in whom one man is sunk in slumconfine not in me, for I am like ber, and by forsaking .whose alone who sitteth aloof, uninterest lurements another becomes imed in them all.” Where stray mortal;" and this is interpreted texts vindicate his watchfulness, by Sancaracharpya to mean, that it is only to be understood, that, maya (or the one unborn,) poslike a mirror, he receives the sesses the qualities of impurity, shadows of all surrounding ob- purity, and darkness ; that creajects. He is no more watchful tures formed by it are accordingly than a passive mirror! either affectionate, wise, or igno- Unlike Epicurianism, however, rant, and that whosoever dewhich struggles to demonstrate lighteth in illusion, remains imthat the world has been formed by mersed in darkness, but whosoever motion acting on matter, without despises it, and is able to distinthe agency of a Supreme intelli- guish the real nature of his soul, gence, Vedantism roundly, but obtains eternal bliss. The Vedanta unhesitatingly, attributes the also represents maya as being that creation of the universe to God. through which, pr rather by means Everything that exists, says the of which, the Deity, himself lost Vedanta, has been created by an in calm repose, catches all the act of his will, and it declares that phenomena dependent upon the no motive need be assigned for contemplation of the universe. such creation, besides that will. This separation of energy from We are not however to understand the god-head, is assuredly one of that "he spake and it was done, the boldest and obscurest concephe commanded and it stood fast." tions ever hazarded by philoso- No. Dissatisfied with his own phy, and seems to have been solitariness, he merely feels a de adopted to obviate the diffisire to create worlds, and then culty of reconciling the origin of the volition ceases, so far as he is material substances from a purely concerned, and he sinks again in: spiritual source. “Of nothing to his apathetic happiness, while comes nothing" appears to have ·296 On Vedantism ; or, been an admitted principle with holding a position between someall the philosophers of India. It thing and nothing. It is both was not possible even for God real and unreal-real, inasmuch to create matter out of nothing. as it is the cause of all that peo- But how then was it to be form ple usually look upon as real ; ed? Spirit alone existed, and but unreal, because it exists not the Hindu metaphysicians accord as a being. It is not true, beingly set themselves to educe cause it has no essence, and yet matter from it by gradual modi not false, because it exists as the fications. But to maintain that power of God. The universe, in real matter could ever be actually like manner, is real, because it educed, even by any such process, appears so, but unreal because, in from spirit, was go palpably para fact, it is only an appearance. doxical, that they were compelled “ From the highest state of Bruhto take refuge under the hold hy mu to the lowest state of a straw, pothesis of an independent maya, all are delusion,” says the texty thus reducing all things in nature and they would vanish into noto mere phantasmagorian unreali thing, each element merging into ties! one another in the reversed order The first thing created by God, of cduction, if that energy of the or rather produced by maya, was, great spirit, to which they owe according to Vyasa, cther, or void their origin, and which alone of space, as the word acas has been sustains the whole plicnomenon, differently translated. From ether were for a moment to suspend its was educed air, from air fire, connection. from fire water, and from water But the same course of cvoluearth. And it was by the energy tion and absorpsion, says the of God, and not by their own act, Vedanta, cannot be affirmed of that they were so educed. But the soul, for it is not one of the the things thus summoned into productions of maya. Life is the existence cannot yet be said to be presence of the Deity in illusion. actually existing. All bodies that Its emanation is no birth, nor origiexist, says the Vedanta, exist nal production. " The body is only so far as they are perceived, mcre illusion," and, like all other no more. The creation, so beauti illusion, is created and dissolved, ful to look at, is only an illusion but neither its creation nor its disthe whole universe, with its mul solution affects the soul; for the titudinous phenomena, a series of soul is not subject to birth or death." unreal perceptions. There is only “It is not a substance of which it one absolute unity really existing, can be said it was, it is, or it will and existing without plurality. be hereafter ; for it is eternal and But he is like one asleep. He inexhaustible, and is incapable of willed it, and the universe was perishing with the body."' « That made, but the universe was made self-existent and eternal intelliby maya, and not by him. As an gence," thus speake of it the effect is inseparable from its cause, Cutho Upanishad ; “ who is neithis universe is necessarily of the ther born nor dies, and who has same nature as mayd, to which it neither proceeded from any, nor owes its production ; and maya is changed into any, does not perish erpresented in the Vedanta as when the body perishes." And ·The Religion of the Vedanta. 297 it says, it is also declared to be con-sub. responds to the same sentiment, stantial with God. Says Vyasa, “ The learned behold him, (God)" “ All life is Bruhmu." “ He is “ alike in the reverend: soul, and the soul is he." " All "All Brahman perfected in knowledge, life is a portion of the Supreme in the ox, and in the elephant," Ruler, as a spark is of fire." So nay, “ in the dog, and in him who also in the Vedanta Sara, An eateth the flesh of dogs." Nor individuated spirit differs from does the Vedantist stop here. God no more than one tree differs The emanation of the soul, as it from a forest ;' and the commen has just been explained, is no tator of that work, Rama Krishna birth. The soul, says the text, Tirtha, observes, that the only ob " is neither born nor dies," nor is ject of the Upanishads is to ex it a thing of which it can be said plain that individuated souls are “ it was, it is, or it will be." In indentical with the soul of the the Veds themselves, it is declarworld. “ Who, standing in the ed to be “ uncreate" and " eterearth, is other than the earth," nal," and in the Gita, Krishna says Yagnawalca to Uddalaca, tells Arjun, that he and the other " whom the earth knows not, princes of the earth" never were whose body the earth is, who in not.' We do not remember if teriorly restrains the earth, the any of the philosophers of Greece same is tlıy soul and mine." And ever hazarded any similar dogma Vach, daughter of Ambhrina, in building up their speculative speaking of herself, says, “I am theories. There were those inabove the heavens, beyond this deed, who affirmed that God, passearth, and what is the Great Oncing through, pervaded all things ; that ain I. In the Rig Ved, it others, who maintained, that not is mentioned that the aggregate only man, but brute animals, are life of all beings in existence con allied to the Divinity, that one stitutes a fourth part of God; but spirit, which pervades the unithe Vedanta does not appear to verse, uniting all animated beings recognise this sort of calculation to itself and one another; and by rule and compass. It only others, again, who asserted, that declares that the divine spirit, nothing at all consisted without though differing in degree, is the God. But the views of none of same in nature with that of all these philosophers can be said to living beings. It does not muti include the fea, which the exlate the Deity, for it maintains pressions“ uncreate" and "never that individuated souls are por were not," used in speaking of the tions parcelled without being ac human soul, are calculated to tually cut off. The duty remains convey. entire, We should perhaps here ob- Human spirit then is the same serve, that this identity of the huas the spirit of God. " There is man soul with God, has been reno difference," says Sadananda, garded by some Christian writers, • between the Supreme Ruler, as an evident proof of the panand individual intelligences. theistic nature of the Vedanta " Both are pure life," or, in other religion. If the souls of men are words, man and the Deity are homogeneous with that of the essentially the same. The Gita Deity, if the spirits of creatures ·298 On Vedantism ; or, are uncreate and eternal, it fol the first cause, and he is spiritual. lows as a necessary step, these All material substances are mere authors have maintained, that they illusions, existing because pervadare each and all of them, gods. ed by the energy of that spiritual But this inference cannot be first cause. The following quotaadopted. The God of the Ve. tion from the Gita may, perhaps, danta is absolutely one, and the put the question at rest: "I am divine spirit in its state of plural- the moisture in the water, light in ity, therefore, is not God. Hu the sun and moon, sound in space, man spirit is the same as the human nature in mankind, sweet spirit of God, indeed, but, says smelling savour in the earth, glory the text, " Human spirit is not in the source of light; in all God;" that is, a god in every soul things I am life; and I am zeal in is not the necessary inference. the zealous, and the eternal seed of The Deity, though diversified in all nature.' all nature." There are texts also his creation, is not exhausted in that mention that the perfect spirit the act. He still remains entire is united to gross matter, and to in himself, and that unity is God. material things only “as fire to Men partake of the divine nature red hot iron;" and that “ He but as sparks partake of the na who dwelleth in all things, and is ture of fire. They do not, neither different from all things *** is individually nor collectively, re God." present the infinite whole, and the But we are digressing from the infinite.whole alone is God. immediate thread of our observa- It has also been attempted to tions. The notion that the soul affix the charge of materialism on of man is con-substantial with that the Vedanta ; that is, it has been of his Maker, though not essenattempted to demonstrate, that, tially pantheistic, is, as understood according to it, God is matter as by the Vedanta, certainly very well as life. But this too is not absurd, and one absurdity, thus the fact. God is indeed spoken of philosophically laid down, will as “the efficient and the material draw after it many others. He cause of the world," and as the that errs concerning the nature of cause of all things, as well as the the human soul, must err concernthings themselves." But it is ing its destination. The Greek also maintained, in explicit terms, philosophers, who maintained that God is a spirit, and immaterial, the souls of mankind are portions and, wherever he is mentioned as or emanations of the Deity, believidentified with matter, he is only ed also, that, released from the identified as its source. Those body, they returned again to God. expressions, therefore, that go to This is likewise the creed of the substantiate that he is matter also, Vedantist, only that he maintains, are, we are persuaded, meant only that they only who have obtained to convey that he is the essence or a knowledge of God, are rewarded the soul of matter. Actual matter, with absorption, and that the rest according to the Vedanta philoso continue to migrate from body to phy, has no real oxistence. Matter body, so long as they remain unwas neither created by God, nor qualified for the same. "Superior co-existing with God, nor God to nature is God, who is omnihimself. Nothing really exists but present, and without material ef- ·The Religion of the Vedanta. 299 says the 93 66 ſects : by acquisition of whose as misdeeds, are here meant by knowledge man becomes extri the term,) depart from him." cated from ignorance and distress, “ He traverses both, thereby," and is absorbed into him after says the Vrihad Aranyaca Upanideath." “Learned men having shad—both merit and demerit. reflected on the spirit of God ex “ The heart's knot is broken, all tending over all moveable and im doubts are split, and all his works moveable creatures, are after death perish," Mundaca. absorbed into the Supreme Being. And the Cutho Upanishad asserts “ The knower of God becometh “ there is no other way to salva- God." “As rivers flowing merge tion.' “Oh, Parbutee!" exclaims into the sea, losing both name and also the Coolarnava, " except that form, so the knower of God, freed knowledge, there is no other way from name and form, merges in to absorption." him, the excellent and glorious." The use of the understanding This re-union with the Deity is is, therefore, declared to be supeidentified with the attainment of rior to the practice of deeds ; for the highest bliss, which even de God is to be known only, says state so high as that of Brulmu the text, " through the acute indoes not afford, and it consists in tellect constantly directed towards the total loss of personal identity, him by wise men of penetrating which has been well compared understandings." In the Varuni with a drop of water losing itself Upanishad, when Bhrigu asks his in the vast ocean. Future hapfather Varuna to make known to piness," says Vashishta, “con him God, the sage tells him, sists only in being so absorbed “ That spirit whence all beings into the Dcity, who is a sea of joy." are produced, that by which they In this absorption there are no live when born, that towards grades of bliss, and from it there which they tend, and that into is no return. All who attain it, which they finally pasa, seek thou attain for ever complete, final hap to know, for that is Bruhmu :" piness. Its acquirement, there and "seek him," adds the philofore, is declared to be the great sopher, “ by profound meditation, business of life. It is not however for devout contemplation is Bruhto be obtained by penances and mu." Perfect abstraction is, mortifications, nor by the perform- again, pronounced superior to this ance of meritorious actions—"For use of the understanding, for works," says the text, are not so when the senses and the mind to be considered as a bargain;" are at rest,” says the text, and and again, “ the confinement of when the understanding is not fetters is the same, whether the occupied, that is the state for obchain be of gold or iron.' Says taining liberation :" and, again, Sancaracharpya, in a comment “ when the ,yogee renounces all on the Gita, “ Knowledge alone, assistance from the understandand that knowledge only which ing, and remains without the realizes every thing as Bruh exercise of thought, he is identimu, procures liberation." It fied with Bruhmu, and remains enables the deyotee to annul as the pure glass when the shathe effects of his virtues and vices. dow has left it." Though he is " All sins (good works, as well still connected with the affairs of 9 ·300 On Vedantism ; or, life, though he still eats and speakable glory of God," for it is drinks, he is henceforth indiffer- through illusion that his power is ent to the illusions which encom made manifest. It is the mask pass him, and lives destitute of with which the Deity covers himpassions and affections, neither self for his amusement, and “it is rejoicing in good, nor sorrowing the producing cause of consciousin evil. He lives sinless ; for, ness, of the understanding, of inas water wets not the leaf of the tellect, &c.” But illusion, as each lotus, so sin touches not him who individuated being feels it, is mereknows God ;' and in such a state ly the absence of wisdom, as darkof perfection as to stand in no ness is nothing more than the abfurther need of virtue ; for “ of sence of light. From it are bewhat use can be a winnowing fan gotten all our passions and affecwhen the sweet southern wind is tions, and all the bonds which blowing." The subject matter of tether us to life ; and on account all his meditations in this condi of it only is the human soul, by tion are : “ I am Bruhmu-I am some means not palpable, excludlife;" " I am everlasting, perfect, ed from participating in the Divine perfect in knowledge, free from Nature, and subject to virtue and change; I am the self-existent, the vice, the passions and sensations, joyful, the undivided, and the one birth and death, and all the varied Bruhmu." Or rather, “ Neither I changes of this mortal state. It am, nor is aught mine, nor do I ex is this that makes a man believe ist." "O God! I am nothing apart that appearances have a real cxisfrom thee." Nothing longer, says tence, that images and shadows Siva, instructing Vishnu in the are actual realities; and that, not Suta Upanishad, will appear love- only this world really exists, but ly or unlovely; affection and hate that he is nothing more than what will be annihilated, and the dis he appears. It is this that makes tinction of vice and virtue cease. God and soul, though con-substan- Rites, offerings, and penances may tial with each other, appear as dispurify offences, good actions may tinct" as light and shadow." As a ensure . a happy transmigration, small cloud before the eye, though but, it appears, that this state of insignificant in itself, is, by its mind only, this utter indifference position, large enough to hide the to the world, this perfect abstrac sun, even so does this illusion tion from thoughts, this torpid screen the great Bruhmu from recognition of the all-exclusive human understanding, and thus unity of God, can rescue the soul obstruct the attainment of that from its liability to future birth, knowledge which alone can purand effect alike in life-time, as chase our emancipation. after death, that absorption which norance is our bane. is the me plus ultra of the Vedan - To obviate this disadvantage, tist's highest aspiration. however, Vedantism extends in- But this knowledge of God is definitely the term of man's prorepresented as excessively difficult bationary trial, and provides that of attainment for man is hegirt the knowledge of God shall be atwith illusion. " The mass of illu tainable gradually, in the course sion,” according to the Vedanta, of transmigrations, when it is found “ forms the inconceivable and un impracticable to be acquired in a Our ig- ·Tke Religion of the Vedanta. 301 single birth. But, under such cir. ence of illusion, are followed by cumstances, the Veds must be re eight millions of births." And, sorted to for help. By perpetual again, says the text, " The path meditation on God, says the Ve of action is full of darkness." danta, a man may acquire a true Hence the wise are repeatedly knowledge of him, even without told to despise them. They are observing the rules and rites pre directed only to seek the knowscribed by the Veds." But those ledge of God, and, 6 for the sake who are incapable of such devout of divine knowledge, to withdraw meditation-and the best proof of the mind and the understanding such incapacity is the non-attain from all objects of the earth." ment of the end must attend to “Knowledge and works both of the helping instructions of the fer themselves to man, the wise scriptures. He that cannot run chooses the first, despising the seon his own errand must keep a cond, while the fool, for the sake of saddle-horse. A regular perusal advantage and enjoyment, accepts of the Veds, a due performance what leads to fruition." Some of religious services, without en- have attempted to explain that by tertaining expectations of present works are meant only religious or future rewards, self-purification rites and observances. This, howby atonements and mental wor ever, is not apparent. To us it ship, the renunciation of things appears that the term embraces forbidden by the Shastras, and, both virtuous practices and reabove all, meditation on God in ligious austerities, and that the the forms by which he is known, Vedanta repels good actions quite together with a conviction of the as much as evil deeds, is clear unprofitableness of things belong from what Vyasa says, that "the ing to a transient and fleeting confinement of fetters is the same lifc, will, if strictly adhered to, whether the chain be of gold or ensure to the devotee an ascent iron." “ As an artizan taking his after death to the hcaven of Agni, tools labors and undergoes toil and thence in succession to other and pain, but laying them aside, heavens, till he reaches the abode reposes, so is the soul a sufferer or paradise of Bruhmu, where he by means of its organs which proobtains the boon of immortality, pel it to action ; but, divested of here to wait to make perfect his them, and returning to the Suabstraction, or, if his attainment preme one, happy and at rest." of wisdom be complete, to pass at And, says the Gita : “ His wisonce from thence to a rc-union dom is confirmed, who like the with God. The knowledge of tortoise can draw in all his mem- God acquired gradually thus leads bers, and restrain them from to absorption though the paradise their wonted purposes." Apathy of Bruhmu,--acquired directly, to the Vedanta considers as the best direct assimilation. criterion of holiness, and the man Nothing short of this knowledge who becomes as unfeeling as a however can, under any cir stone or a statue, attains the percumstances, procure liberation. fection of it. A wise man ought Works, it has already been men not only to have no passions, but tioned, will never secure it. Ac ought to annihilate his desires tions, performed under the influ and affections, and suppress every VOL. I.-NO. V. E ·302 On Vedantism ; or, the Religion of the Vedanta. 6 All act of consciousness and memory. “having annulled by fruition He ought to do nothing, think on other works which had begun to nothing, fecl nothing, desire no have effect, having enjoyed the thing, that nothing may disturb recompense and suffered the pains the quiet of his soul. He ought of good and bad actions, he, on to be, says the text, “ like a soli the demise of the body, will protary lamp which burns pcaccably, ceed to a re-union with God." sheltered from all agitations of But the world is not eternal, nothe air." thing is cternal but God, and the Those, however, who love day will inevitably come when the works of merit, and perform them, whole creation, with all its magshall not be entirely losers for nificence and beauty-with its vatheir trouble. By their aid they rious scenes and various actors, will have the satisfaction of rising, must pass away. In that genestep by step, on the arduous road ral destruction of the universe all to perfection, and the destruction things will be absorbed in Bruhof sin, and residence with the gods mu, cven as earthen vessels of will be their reward. But in the every description, when broken, heavens of the gods all enjoyment return to the clay, from whence is temporary, and destined to ter they were formed. But souls that minate sooner or later as the deeds seek salvation by works, and those which they recompense might whose impediments to absorption, have been few or many. that is, the influence of whose the regions between this (the former actions may yet remain earth) and the abode of Bruhmu unconsumed, will pass only to a afford but a transient residence," state of non-existence, and not of says the Gita, and, says the Srce- absorption, and shall be liable to mut Bhagvat: “ When works are be re-produced at the pleasure of exhausted' by enjoyment, and the Deity at some future renovatheir effects thus spent, where will tion of the world. be the enjoyment ?" The souls For the wicked are regions thus temporarily happy will then of retribution and torments, and have to return again to the mise transmigrations through degradries of the earth, but “ with rc ed births proportioned to their sulting influence of their former crimes, and these sufferings t deeds," that is, obtaining a higher continue in perpetual evolution place here than they had enjoyed till they should have expiated before. A man whose devo their sins, or till they are intions have been broken off," says volved in the general wreck of the Gita," by death, having en the universe. Of sin and hojoyed for an immensity of years liness, however, no precise rules the rewards of his virtues in are laid down. All the philosothe regions above, is born again phers agree that "the candidate in some holy and respectable fa for future bliss must renounce mily." A state of constant mi the indulgence of the passions ;" gration thus gives to all a chance and we are told to conquer our of availing themselves of the only evil propensities, and to perform means held out for final liberation, good acts; for, though good acts and should any one in its course will not obtain salvation, as a preobtain the knowledge of Bruhmu, paratory step, they are « indis- ·The Tomb of the Suttee. 303 pensible in the mind's approxima prepare their minds, by the adoration to God." But what will con tion of representations, to restitute a good act, and what not, solve ultimately on God! They is nowhere defined. What is compose a numerous body, for all agreeable to truth is good, and the lower castes are put down as what is replete with error is error is incompetent for "thcological stuevil, and what has a mixture of dies and the gnostic attainments, truth and error is imperfect. No and, along with them, the whole thing is good that does not serve female sex. They, only, who are to promote the attainment of the allowed to study the Veds, are knowledge of God, and nothing authorized to seck the knowledge can bc bad that furthers this great of God as inculcated therein. Says object of human life. the text : “ It is him (Bruhmu,) It is not to be understood from whom the Brahmans, by the word anything that las been advanced, of the Veds, and by religious that Vedantism, upholding the austerities, wish to comprehend." knowledge of God as the great The instances of Maitreyi and object of life, sets its face alto Soolubha amongst women, and gether against idolatry. Says the of Bidoor and Dhurmubyadha text : “ This doctrine (of the amongst Sudras, who attained knowledge of God) cannot be beatitude by the knowledge of well comprehended, as it is very God, are exceptions. But excepsubtle." “Even gods were for tions do not disprove a rule. merly involved in doubts respecta Such are the principles of the ing it.” And it is presumed in Vedanta religion, principles which divers places, that men of limit purport to be founded on the ed understanding will never be Veds, the oldest and most sacred able to appreciate the theology of works on Hindu theology ; nay, the wise, being incapable of rais which pretend to be their only ing their minds to the concep and fundamental teaching. How tion of a Deity declared to be both far thosc pretensions are just, deinvisible and indescribable. For serves to be enquired into ; nor such men, the Vedanta tells us, shall we avoid a discussion 80 the Veds have prescribed idolatry materially important to our subas a sort of mental excrcisc, cala ject. culated at once to secure them from thc rock of atheism, and ( To be continued.) 19 THE TOMB OF THE SUTTEE. COME forth, my fairest, from your sheltered glade Of thick-grown mangoes, where the white tents stand. Half-hid, half-seen, beneath the chequered shade; Come with me, (while day lingers,) hand in hand, Among the meadows of the glimmering land.

·304 The Tomb of the Suttee. A flood of fire surrounds the Sun's decline, The hills throw long grey shadows on the plain, Far off, the bells upon the necks of kine, Make silver jangling from the creaking wain, And pass away, and all is still again. Shouts to his fellows now the housing hind; The startled partridge whirrs his homeward flight; The rocks and trees grow less and less defined, Fainter and fainter every sound and sight; And scarce the highest points retain the light. Here, where the latest beams of day are thrown, Gaze on this ruined pile, and name its name; A wecd-grown doorway, and a heap of stone, And here a minaret, standing still the same, And here the mortar dyed with hues of flame ; Bright as of old, the broken painting glows, As if the Beautiful survived the Strong The wild-fig splits the cupola, and throws Against the sky its fruntic arms so long, In all the petulance of vulgar wrong. This place, where ruin mars the work of love, Was made a monument, in years gone by, Of one, with more than manhood's might who strove, And conquered Death, by learning how to die, And, silent, gave a ribald world the lie. In such an hour as this ; without a veil,— Sorrow's devotion is not Earthly proud Here came, with features beautifully pale, A youthful widow, 'midst a jostling crowd Of self-applauding saints, and minstrels loud, And loveless friends, exulting in her part, As tho' it were their own, O! who can say, What thoughts have struggled in her beating heart, Through the long hours of that lone, weary day, Whitt griefs, what hopes, what fears to pass away. E'en now one shudder, as she mounts the pile; The struggle passes; with a calm delight She takes his head upon her breast ; her smile Is hid by flames, that, odorous and bright, Rise canopied with smoke. We gaze to-night Upon her tomb, I and my fair-haired wife, She, not unequal, should Love bid her dare, As home we turn, asks “Does not duteous life Make truer martyrtlom, and sight more fair, For men and angels, than one blank bour of despair ?'' H. G. K.

·[ 305 ] THE FOLK AT OUR STATION.--NO. III. MRS. MATCHEM AND HER CHICKENS. .. up." By the PARADE is over, and here we here : there was a horse ready for are at the Race Course, seeing the him, and he promised to turn out, horses take their morning canter. his dâk trip and the cricket match Tom Rasper is in all his glory, have, I dare say, knocked him and his chum Edmunds is offering to bet " five goold moor' upway who, and what is on each horse in their stable, Mr. Von Saufenbeer? You will against each and cvery other excuse my asking such a question; horse in training, but can find no it is no idle curiosity that prompts takers. mc.” " Where's that long German - That I am sure of, Sir; my with the swipy name ?" sings out friend Ludovick was an Orphan; Rasper, as he passes the stand on' he resided with an uncle, à dishis big Cape horse at a rattling tinguished artist, who lived on pace, although about to take him Ilayes Common, and wanted to a second time round the course. make his nephew a painter; this “ There's a sweet mover," says he could not do, but he made him Edmunds, “I'll back him for the a gentleman, and has left him all horses for five goold moor ; money enough to keep up a highthere ain't one in for the race as ly respectable position in society." can touch him." “ And who were his parents ?" 66 Don't you think his action is “ His father, an officer in the a little high ?" observes Colonel King's German Legion, was kill- Noble, " I should be almost afraid ed at Waterloo ; his mother was that his legs would not stand such the only sister of one of our most gallops upon this hard course; see eminent portrait painters. I can how quietly the General's man just remember her a pale, elegant takes his horses round at this woman, whose tenuity made her early period of the training." look even taller than she really “ Must get his fat down, Co was, and who on summer evenings lonel." used to sit and watch us at play “ I would advise sweating in on the lawn of Hayes Cottage ; the stable for that, and plenty and when we became boisterous of walking exercise ; I have my in our sports, I have seen a look doubts about his coming to the of suffering upon her face ; but if her brother mildly rebuked us, “ Not a bit of fear about that, and bade us be less noisy in our Colonel." games, she would smile sweetly Well, of course you know on us, and tell him not to check best, Edmunds, and it's no concern us, for she loved to see us 80 of mine. Are you for home, Fitz? happy." if so, I will take a cup of coffee "You seem to have a good and a cheroot with you." By all means, Colonel, parti “ Sometimes I fancy I have, cularly as I do not see my guest Colonel ; but I have, certainly post." 9) memory, Fitz."

·306 The Folk at Our Station. old; ; a vivid recollection of many oc prize to hear, a few days after that, currences of iny infancy, and as I she was dead. I sat with tearful grow older, things long buried in eyes, and called to mind her soft oblivion seem to rise up all fresh gentle voice encouraging us in to memory, as if they had hap our gambols, her smile of pleasure pened but yesterday. It was in as she watched our merry pranks, autumn that, tired with play, Lu and the radiant bloom upon her dovick and I were sitting on a beautiful face, and said to myself, bench in the garden on either side could such be the signs of coming of his mother; a cold breeze had death! I knew nothing then of sprung up, and the faded leaves the most insidious and fatal of all were being swept from the trees diseases--consumption." above us. Mrs. Von Saufenbeer “ Those were hardly the rewas gazing in silence at a most flections of a child; how old were lovely sunset, when her brother you then, Fitz ?" approached us, and telling her it Nine years but doubtwas getting too cold for her to less it is only the circumstances remain out of doors, offered his u that were impressed upon my arm to conduct her to the house youthful mind; the reflections as she rose to accompany him, a are probably, as you suggest, strong gust of wind brought the the offspring of maturer years ; dying leaves abont us in a shower; still little children, or I am much he observed that we should soon mistaken, Colonel, think more sec the last of them ; she replied, deeply than we children of a larger “ Yes! Frederick, and you will growth give them credit for." see them green again, but I “ You have given me a new never shall. They will live again, idca, l'itz, 1 mue keep it in mind, again to fade, while I too shall while I watch the development of live again, but never, oh! never intellect in my grand-children. to die like them." I saw her Then, after all, your friend Mr. brother turn his head, and fancied Von Saufenbeer is not a man of that he wiped a tear from his high rank ?” calm blue eye; he smiled at her, “No higher than most Gerbut spoke not." man gentlemen, with the prefix “And where is Mrs. Von Sau Von to thcir names." fenbeer now.?" Why, Mrs. Matchem has it “Where nothing fades, and her that he is the Hereditary Grand good kind brother is doubtless Duke of some German Principawith her. The last time I remem- lity, travelling incognito." ber to have seen her was “ Poor Von, he will sink under Christmas eve, when a party of such honor thrust upon him;' children was assembled in the we must keep up this joke." anug little dining room at Hayes ; Arriving at the bungalow, I the old gentleman was merrier found my friend asleep, and, deand more full of fun than any termined to take a rise out of him, child there, while she, propped while she, propped I woke him up, and told him that upon pillows, sat in an easy chair " one of the magnates of the staby the fireside, and regarded our tion was awaiting His Royal sports with her usual joyous smile: Highness' leisure to pay his how great was my childish sur pects." "Royal Devil," shouted on res.

·The Folk at Our Station. O 307 Ludovick, jumping out of bed and being elevated to such an exalted rushing after me into the veran position. The Colonel having indah, running against Colonel No vited us to dinner in the evening, ble, who was standing close be took his leave, having first howside the door. ever entered into a conspiracy to “I beg your pardon, Colonel." humour Mrs. Matchem's belief in " It is I who must apologize the Royal extraction of my guest. to your Royal Highness; I trust No sooner had the Colonel left you are not hurt." us, than Ludovick asked me for Ludovick opened his eyes with some account of Mrs. Matchem astonishment; he looked from the and her family, and having no- Colonel to me, and from me to thing particular to do, and my the Colonel, like a man in a chum not having returned home, dream, while we both preserved a 1 at once proceeded to sketch the most respectful silence : at last amiable circle, to the best of my he said ability. 66 This is some humbug of “ Mrs. Matchem is the widow your's, Master Fitz!.you shall of a Colonel, and has four daughsuffer for it. What nonsense has he been telling you, Colonel Noters, and two pretty nieces--the ble ?" latter are kept too much after the fashion in which Cinderella was “ Put on your dressing gown, treated. I am not fond of dancing, Ludovick, and come out here ; but whenever I see either of the coffee is ready, and you shall hear Misses Graham sitting out, I all I know of the matter." makc a point of soliciting her In a few ininutes Ludovick re-appeared, his red morocco slip-. quadrille, and if it be a waltz, enhand for the dance, if it be a pers, resplendent morning gown, with its silken waist band and tasdeavour to get her a partner, for which I shall in future reckon sels, and his velvet cap richly embroidered with gold, did not esupon you, Ludovick." " And as the ladies young cape the quick eye of Mrs. Matchare em, who drove past at the mo pretty you will find mc ready: but ment he entered the verandah : how coines it that being so, they she had already taken the bait are ever in want of a partner: are prepared for her by some mis- they silly, or wanting in animachievous individual, and this servtion ?" ed to fix the hook: she went home “ Neither. They are quiet, convinced that Captain Porter unassuming girls, cast into the was correct, and the stranger real- shade by their more showy and ly a German Grand Duke; only pretending cousins ; but to reone thing puzzled her, which was, turn to the Lady dominante of the why so distinguished a personage family. Mrs. Matchem being the should have taken up his residence widow of a Colonel, is consewith such an humble individual quently the second lady in as Mr. Fitz Fulke. rank in our station, and such Ludovick was soon made ac stickler is she for etiquette, that quainted with the reports in cir if we were to call on any one, culation regarding him, and save the Commissioner's lady, belaughed heartily at the idea of fore waiting upon her, she would, a ·308 The Folk at Our Station. power." gible." if she was aware of such fact, the Ensign's wife towards her, close her doors against us." the relict of a full Colonel." “ The dame appears so exact- " What a fool the woman must ing, that I am surprized that she be !" should be tolerated." " Then she verifies the old “Why, you see she is valuable, adage, that it takes a wise perand she knows it; the young men son to make a fool ;' so much for who are fond of balls must keep the old hen, now for the chickens. on good terms with her : ladies are The four young ladies being, I scarce in India, hardly more than presume, desirous of plcasing all one to three gentlemen at most tastes as far as possible, adopt stations, so that it would be highly very distinct lines : four sisters inexpedient to offend one, who more unlike each other in all reswould at once withdraw half-a-do pects it would be a difficult matzen from any contemplated party. ter to find, and yet after all not Mrs. Matchcm may not be loved, one of them seems to have hit but she is feared, she is powerful, upon the proper linc, to please the and does not scruple to use her taste of any of the select few, whom Mrs. Matchem deems eli- “ She would soon find her prolevel in English society." per "Eligible for what?" * For husbands." “Undoubtedly she would ; peo “ And what may be the requiple at home would hardly humour sites which constitute this eligibione of her odiously vulgar fancies, lity ?” which is, to be addressed as Mrs. “I cannot exactly say ; Civili- Colonel Matchem." Last month ans of course stand first on the she gave an evening party,--tea list, a Chaplain or a Surgeon and turn out, as Rasper called itwould also rank high, Officers on to the infinite horror of all the the General Staff would be snapfamily, except the Graham girls, ped at, a Captain, or a Regimentwho would have laughed if Aunt's al Staff Officer out of debt, would eye had not been on them. The not I fancy be rejected, provided ladies termed this a Soirée Mu he had four thousand rupees reasicale," being an extension of dy cash, but that is indispentheir monthly " Thé dansant." sable." The invitation ran wa the usual “ What for ?" style-Mrs. Colonel Matchem, &c. “ To be handed over to Mrs. Our Ensign's wife, who is a wicked merry little black-eyed beau Matchem, for providing a suitable ty, and loves a joke, but more outfit for the young lady, and particularly at the expense of Mrs. furnishing a house for her." Matchem, commenced her reply Why, this is absolutely sellwith---Mrs. Ensign Pleydell Bou- ing the girls ; surely, Fitz! you verie, and sealed her note with a must be romancing, or indulging coat of arms, with I know not in scandal." how many quarterings. Loud “ Not so, I assure you ; such were the complaints of the grand was the proposition actually made dame, and bitterly did she in to a Civilian, who offered to Ceci. veigh against the impertinence of lia Matchem, and he was so dis- 1) ·The Folk at Our Station. 309 gusted, that he left the station Young Skiffington, who was two the following evening." years resident in the family of a « I will not believe that any Protestant Clergyman at Hamwoman could thus traffic in her burgh, swears that her German is own flesh and blood." very unlike what he learnt there, and she insinuates that he is little “ Nor would I, Ludovick, only better than a fool; that he can I saw it under her own hand and seal; have no soul, for he does not ad- ; however let us drop the submire Goëthe or Schiller, more ject; it is not a pleasant one; and describe the young ladies in orthan Shakespear or Milton, and der. Georgiana, the eldest, talks actually prefers Byron and Moore to all four. I should not wonder book; she is all mind, with a good lump of body to encumber the if you are asked to decide the essence : she affects to despise acquestio vexata. Schulwtz, the Miscomplishments as beneath the atsionary, gave it against the lady, and Mrs. Matchem withdrew her tention of a woman of sense, and then sits down to the piano, and name from the subscription list to plays quadrilles and waltzes in a the charity schools." “I have made up my mind alreally brilliant style, with an air as ready ; I shall decide in favour of much as to say, 'Look how I can do it.' She never dances, because the fair; I must not quarrel with she cannot imagine how people such influential people, or I shall can possibly find any amusement be degraded from my high rank.” in making themselves hot in jumping about. Porter says, Georgia- “ Next comes Cecilia, a marked contrast to her elder sister, bena has not a pretty foot, and Lawley adds that he thinks she ing tall, thin, and a blonde, while halts a little ; they ought to know, Georgiana is a brunette, and for they are the two most frequent makes up in breadth for deficivisitors at the house." ency in height; the latter is almost always dressed in pink, while the “Do you not think Georgiana favorite colour of the former is might b induced to dance with blue; Cecilia is the musician of an Hereditary Grand Duke ?” the family, practices four hours “ Not if she has any personal daily, and will treat you to-night defect, which might be betrayed to a rondo half an hour long, and thereby ; besides, she would, I probably pour into your ears her think, rather pique herself upon regrets that she has such a bad having strength of mind to resist voice, and is consequently presuch a temptation ; she prides cluded from doing more than takherself upon possessing a strong ing a second in a duet, or a part mind, only no one has yet been in a glee: she is moreover an arable to discover what constitutes tiste; books full of " scenes on the the strength of hers." » « sketches in the jungles," Well, I will ask her to dance and studies from the old masthis very day, for she is to be at ters,' cover the drawing-room Colonel Noble's this evening." tables, while the walls are orna- “She will very likely decline mented with portraits of all the the honor in German, which I hope family, half-a-dozen at least of you will be able to understand. each ; fortunately the name of the VOL. I.NO. V. river, >> ·310 7'he Folk at Our Station. with you." 66 individual whom it is intended to a vocalist could not sing false represent is written under each notes." likeness, so you need not make “I fear you are a little satirical any mistake regarding them, or thism orning, Fitz; perhaps you the busts that adorn sundry are dyspeptic, -the hot supper niches in the room either, to and the brew may have disagreed which you have a similar guide." “ But is there really no merit “ Perchance they have ; howin these works of art ?" ever to continue. It is quite as- “I can discover no artistic metonishing to hear the volume of rit in them, but then I do not provoice that issues from that little fess to be a judge in such matdumpy body. I do not set up for a connoisseur in music, and an ters; however they prove that their fair creator possesses therefore not ashained to confess, the that one of Moore's inclodies, or sterling quality of unwearying industry, which might perhaps bc Ieman's plaintive ballads, wardevoted to thc pursuit of some bled by Emily or Mary Graham, has an ephanced charm for me, worthicr object. Cecilia will talk for hours together about Painters aſter listening, or rather not lisand Sculptors ; she knows the tening to Augusta Matchem's Italian Bravura." name of every renowned limner, and every famous carver, from Why, you are a greater Goth than ever! You admit that you Xeuxis and Apelles, down to the last Royal Academician,, and prefer English to Italian music, and that without a blush. I supfrom Phidias and Praxiteles, to Flaxman and Chantrcy: she will pose next you will give the palm to some inourpul Scotch ditty moreover describe to you their our soul-stirring German great works, in doing which she occasionally puts me right upon minstrelsy, or a French chanson.” “ Not at all, Ludovick! I cerpoints upon which I have been wrong all my life. I shall mention tainiy am no great admirer of French vocalism, but freely grant to her that you have a magnifithat their orchestra and military cent gallery in your castle in Gerbands are exquisite, and I long to many." sit once more in a stall at the “ For Heaven's sake spare me, opera, and listen to the ravishing I could not standare infliction of strains of Grisi or Sontag, the such a walking catalogue." rich deep bass of Lablache, and “ If you behave yourself, I the brilliant tenor of Tamburini, may forbear, for the visitation or to hear again one of your nawould be a heavy one. Now for tional operas sung by a German number three. Augusta is the company. I can appreciate a Gervocalist, and if power of voice man song from yourself, or even constitutes fine singing, she need a chanson a boire from a lively fear few rivals, but it seems to me Gaul, but I do not admire songs that her high notes approximate in a foreign tongue from English too closely to a scream, and unless ladies." my ear deceives me, the instru “ Well, am I to conclude that ment is frequently a little out of these Misses Gralam are favortime, for of course so finished ites of yours ?" over 91 79 ·The Folk at Our Station. 311 ma 72 " You may, but I must not required that they should return come to them yet; there is one to India, on attaining the age of more of the Matchems propereighteen, or forfeit their allowan- Matilda, by far the youngest of ces from the Institution: they have the family, and the pet ; so pret many kind friends. Mrs. Stapylty, so delicate, so simple, and yet ton, our Commissioner's lady, conwithal so full of enthusiasm. Geor- stantly has them to spend the day giana has christened her with her. Mrs. Matchem would chère petile ;" she requires the perhaps check the frequency of constant care and attention of the these visits, but she dare not ofwhole of the family: she is a fend the burra beebee." genius, but she does not know it ; “ And what is a burra beebee ? a poetess, but would faint if she Can't you talk your own mother thought her sweet fugitive pieces tongue ?" were exposed to vulgar eyes ; so "The burra beebee is the prinmodest, that she seeks to conceal cipal lady in the station ; we have them ; but her sisters obtain pos a bad habit of interlarding our session of them by stealth, and conversation, and writings also, show them to their friends as a with Hindoostanee words, but to particular favour. In fact she return to the young ladies. Mrs. is an embryo L. E. L., and you Bartlett, who is very fond of them, will have to write some stanzas says they are the most amiable or a sonnet for her Album." creatures in the world, or would " She will truly be a genius not put up with all they have to if she makes a rhymer of me, but submit to." now tell me something regarding “I always feel sympathy for the pretty cousiifs ?" the oppressed, and shall make a " They are the daughters of point of being attentive to these Mrs. Matchen's brother; he died young ladies : do they dress of a ſever contracted during the well ?" Cole campaign, and his young “ I should say, yes! they prewidow did not long survive him; fer a simple muslin robe, with a they have nothing beyond their bouquet of flowers by way of orstipend from the Orphan Fund; nainent, to the cast-off silks and but I question if this allowance is satins of their cousins, in which not sutficient to keep them, and their Aunt wished to array them, if Mrs. Matchem spends more in an indignity they positively refused their support, though she does to submit to. Mrs. Bartlett was, I take so much credit to herself fear, the instigator of the rebellion, for all she has done for her bro which might have been a serious ther's children." affair, had not Mrs. Stapylton, " Which of course cancels all supported the rebels : with her for the obligation. They must eat the an ally, victory was speedily sebread of bitterness, poor girls." cured. If you are attentive to “ If they do, they never com the Misses Graham, you will win plain; they have been well Mrs. Bartlett's heart at once ; but brought up, educated by a sister a German Prince is too great a of their mother's, who would have card not to be made the most of. kept them in England, but the Mrs. Matchem and her swans will vile rules of the Orphan Society monopolise you."

·312 Milo. Then, as Colonel Noble pro- minutes, and he likes to smoke posed, I will 'fool them to the his chillum after breakfast, before top of their bent.' he starts for the Colonel's house, Pray do so, Ludovick, but where he attends on duty at 11 we must dress, or we shall be late o'clock daily, and is never a mifor breakfast, which will put nute behind his time, Mortlock out; he has been in his dressing room for the last ten REGLD. Fitz FULKE. MILO. This Milo, to give a proof of his astonishing force, was wont to take a pomegranate which, without squeezing or breaking it, he held so fast by the more strength of his fingers that nobody was able to take it from him-"nobody but his mistress," says @lian. GILBERT WEST'S PINDAR. I. When ancient Milo, in his hand, The round pomegranate fruit would clasp, No brawny wrestler in the land Could wrench it from his nervous grasp. II. And though the knotted sinews rose, And though the red veins swelled with might, Nor broken rind nor juice disclose The iron seizure, true aa tight. III. But one there was could take the prize, Far stronger than the strong was she, A maiden with such sunny eyes, As speak thy clime, 0 Italy ! IV. His teeth are clenched as if in pain, The muscles of his face expand; But see in smiles they sink again, And nerveless now becomes the hand. For taper fingers touch his wrist, And she is there--the child of May- And like an iceberg, sunbeam-kissed, The might of Milo melts away. M.

·[ 313 ] NOTES ON THE KINGDOM OF OUDHE. OUDHE, one of the most fertile example the Goomtee) through provinces of Northern Hindostan, hard kunkur banks. Jungles of extends over a plain, estimated at vast extent of long grasses or about 23,950 square miles. In prickly briars, such as dhâk, aktersected, as it is, by an infinity kar, karinda, barragad, mookya, of rivers and nuddees, (of which bair, &c., abounding with all sorts the principal, besides the Ganges, of game. Neelyaes, bungaelees which separates it from the Doo (wild cattle), hogs, deer, and hares, ab, are the Goghra, the Goom are very numerous throughout tee, the Dayoha, the Chotra, the country, and very frequently the Sery, the Kuthence, and the afford ready shelter, and, if de- Tonsa,) it is extremely well wa fended, almost inaccessible strongtered, and the soil in consequence holds to Thugs, Dacoits, and rerendered fruitful and productive. fractory Zemindars, flying from Most of the nuddees of minor im the oppression of the Chucklidars portance than those I mentioned, or Amils, (the contracting goverwhich in the dry season form ra nors of districts). Wolves, jackals, vines, and may be crossed almost and foxes are the most numerous dry-shod, swell in the rains to an inhabitants of the jungle, but the enormous size, and generally hyena, the wild cat, and princioverflow their banks, so that pally in the Teraee, the tiger, are whole districts are often quite also to be met with. The most inundated. remarkable game birds are the A friend, then in temporary wild goose, the wild duck, the command of a king's regular re partridge, the dove, and the giment, writing in September quail ; green parrots and jays are 1850, says-" The march from also exceedingly numerous, as Esinugger was very disagrecable; are also the other common Indian the roads were all covered with birds. water varying in depth from 2 to The principal characteristic du- 5 feet. Streams which I had ring part of the winter, and the crossed in the dry weather about whole of the summer season of ankle deep, are now as broad as the climate of Oudhe, is dryness. the Goghra. The first day 1 The thermometer rises in the encamped at 5 coss distance on latter as high as 115° in the the only dry spot I could find ; shade at times, and has been the second day, I intended to known to fall as low as 29° in the have proceeded about the same former, but the mean temperature distance, but could find no en of the atmosphere is 76°. In the camping ground, and was com hot weather, the air is filled with pelled to march to this place, fine sand or dust, which gives where I arrived at night." the horizon a gloomy appearance. The nuddees, however, seldom Sandstorms are then very fredesert their channels, however quent, and often resemble hurriwinding they may be, on account canes in violence. The most reof their flowing mostly (as for markable phenomenon of this kind, ·314 Notes on the Kingdom of Oudhe. that I have ever witnessed, occur low and marshy, and the water of red on the 9th of June 1849. It a disagreeable taste, Fever and *** came on about eleven o'clock in ague prevail to a great extent, the morning, and was announced and there are some villages, about by a howl set up by people run 12 miles from the Nepal territoning in one direction, and a low ries, to proceed to which would moan or whistling from the North be attended with almost certain West. I rushed to the window death to a European, and indeed to see its approach. A thick even natives of other parts of the black cloud, extending over a country, who go there, seldom breadth as far as the eye could return. After a few hours' illness reach, but not more than 30 or 40 they expire. feet high, came rolling on very No climate can, however, be slowly, and I had full five minutes finer than that of Oudhe, during to see its approach. I had scarce the cold season, which commences ly time to close the venctians, about the end of October, and ter when it burst upon us with ter minates in February. The mornrific violence, and obscured the ings and nights are even chilly, and sky in such a manner, that I could the grasses in the garden are then not sce even an' outline of an often covered with hoar frost, while object. This complete darkness the temperature during the day is lasted about ten minutes, after most delightful. which it gradually diminished till Oudhe yields grain of all sorts the air appeared of a light orange (excepting rice), also sugar-cane, color. In 23 minutes time by cotton, the oil-plants, indigo and my watch, the sky was almost as poppies, but the manufacture of serene as before, but though doors, these latter into indigo cakes and venetiańs, and glass-windows had opium is far inferior to that of been closed, tables, chairs, and the same articles in the Comwhatever else was in the room, pany's territories. pany's territories. The country were covered with dust, a tenth is however not famed for the exof an inch thick. It did a good cellence of its fruit, which is only deal of mischief; many huts were found superior in private gardens. thrown down, and several large The indigenous mangoes trees blown down. The Hindoos small, full of thick fibres, and by call this the coming of Makna no means equal to the same fruit Deo, a great giant, whose immense of Bengal. body, they imagine, sweeps over Owing to the prevailing revethe surface of the earth and covers nue system, bad at all times, but the sky with the darkness of his worst at the present moment, unshadow. The hot winds commence der the mal-administration of the usually towards the end of March, all-powerful Minister Ally Nucky or the beginning of April, till July, Khan, the cultivation is not by when the rainy season sets in. any means so well attended to as The decay of vegetation at the fertility of the soil, (which this time produces in many yields two crops of grain annually, parts of Oudhe, but more especi- the khareet and the rubby, the ally in the districts of Bayraitch harvest of the first being in auand the Teraee, a very unhealthy tumn, and that of the latter in climate. The land there is very spring) would warrant us to exare ·Notes on the Kingdom of Oudhe, 315 > perty that pect. The rapacity of the Chuckli out even an apology for roads, dars, the multitude of Dacoits and excepting that between Lucknow Thugs sheltered in the numerous and Cawnpore, cannot be supforts of the Talooqdars, at war with posed to be flourishing in trade. the Amils, and the number of Besides, even if there were better robber Zemindars, who infest the means of transport, a duty imcountry, render life and property posed upon every article sold alike insecure in this unfortunate would discourage the most encountry. I have travelled several terprising native merchant. No times into the districts of Oudhe, goods could be sent up by the and passed over tracts of unculti river Goomtee, as they would vated, though rich, lands, without be at the mercy of every Talooqmeeting a single individual, and dar, through whose estates they through villages, wholly desert must pass; and if the boat even ed, and with nothing but bare were to escape being plundered, walls for houses, from which the the merchant would not fail be. Toofs had been taken away by ing subjected to the exactions of the wretched fugitives, who, on the arbitrary lord of the land. the approach of troops, seek re- The chief articles of import fuge in the jungles with thcir are matchlocks and swords from families, cattle, and the little pro- Goojerat and Lahore, with which have escaped may almost every man, and even boy, the rapacity of the Zemindar, is provided ; and also cloths of who, instead of being the proall kinds, but especially sating tector, is but too frequently the and silks, which are in great derobber of the helpless ryots. mand for the Court and the Be- The commerce of Oudhe, exgums of the Nawabs. Pehannee cept what relates to imports, is and Muchiraita are the places very inconsiderable. Scarcely any most remarkable for the excelarticles find their way into it, lence and durability of their except viâ Cawnpore, and trade swords. Those manufactured at is chiefly confined to Lucknow. the former place are justly prized Copper, lead, brass and iron are for their strength and sharpness, however mostly brought from Nethough they do not, in the opipal. The custom-house duties nion of the natives, come up to are very heavy, and are chiefly on those importgad from Goojerat. cloths, but spirits and wines, and Pehannee (or Peyaunee, as it is articles of purely European conspelt in the map of Oudhe) is sumption, pass toll free. There about 10 coss from Seetapore, and is a limited export of buffalo about 68 miles N. N. W. from hides, but this trade is confined to Lucknow, in the town of Khoo- Europeans only, or their Agents. rumpore. Grain has never been a staple article of export. It has always Matchlocks are also manufacbeen consumed in the country, tured ; and the town of Judeesand as the great men of Oudhe pore, in the Sultanpore district, 58 usually employ a large number of miles from the capital, is famed retainers, no superfluity of it re for the excellence of its spearmains. More might certainly be heads. Salt, saltpetre, gunpowculti ated; but a country with der, sugar, and coarse cotton- ·316 Notes on the Kingdom of Oudhe. ; a The upper cloths and blankets, a thin sort of an’s ; but theirs is such a mixglass, and dyes, are also manu ture of honesty and deceit, of factured in Oudhe. Saltpetre es truth and of falsehood, of bravery pecially is very extensively made, and cowardice, that to analyze their and this article is considered of characters would be a matter of superior quality to any that find considerable difficulty. Murders their way into the Calcutta mark are common, and in their estimaet ; one native firm alone, that of tion killing is not so great a crime Shah Beharee Lall and Rugber as we reckon it to be. A man Deal, manufacture to the extent of will tell you with the greatest 60,000 rupees a year. There sang froid imaginable, that he are always a number of compet has been cutting off such a peritors for purchasing their salt son's head in such a family quarpetre in particular. There is rel, and where a European murhowever little of internal trade, derer is haunted by his victim's as the total absence of roads spectre in dreams, and is torand bridges, in a country inter mented by his conscience, sected by rivers and nullahs, pre native, less sensitive, does not sents the most formidable obsta even bestow a thought on his evil cles to any thing of the kind. deed, or, if he does, speaks of It is only when the country it with exultation. shall be under a more liberal go classes of natives are remarkable vernment, that the sources of for their politeness and polished its wealth will be fully deve manners, and distinguishable for loped. many good qualities, with which The inhabitants of this coun we generally, judging only from try are remarkable for their fine our servants, perhaps do not credit athletit make, their soldierly bearthem. ing, and their warlike appearance, One of the tribes most worthy whether Ilindoos or Mussalmen. to be noticed is the race of Pa- The former, who constitute the sees, a set of people, which, I chief strength of the Oudhe and believe, is confined peeuliarly to Company's armies, are mostly Oudhe. They live chiefly in the Brahmins and Rajpoots, a small Banghor district, in the northern minority however being composed part of this kingdom. They are of Aheers. The height, strength, generally short, though a good and martial look of the Oudhe many are of the usual height, sepoys, cause them to be eager square shouldered, and well built. ly enlisted for the Company's They are brave, active, and strong, service, in preference to natives of and characterised as much by the same castes from our territo their extreme cunning and deceitries. Their outward appearances fulness as-paradoxical as it may do not generally belie their appear--for their honesty. They real qualities. seldom till the soil : agriculture sometimes borders on ferocity, is not their forte. They are proand, in the frequent pelty wars fessional thieves, and steal every between Zemindars and Chuck- thing they can lay a hand on, from lidars, is often put to the test. a horse to a pair of old shoes. In Their sense of honor in many fighting, they make use of bows instances is as keen as a Europe and arrows, which practice and Their courage ·Notes on the Kingdom of Oudhe. 317 strength enable them to throw horse, and to gallop off with it. with unerring aim. Their bow At Bettay, where Elderton lost has generally a double curve, and his life, the Pasees were the chief is made of horn. When using it, defenders of the fort. One of they support it on the ground and the Chucklidars wishing to punish bend it with their toe and right them for the part they ha en hand. But their mode of warfare in that engagement, from a misis chiefly a guerilla system. In taken notion to please us, threathe Bunghor districts, the re tened to exterminate the whole port of a gun brings together race, and to make good his menace, thousands of these brave little commenced by throwing a whole fellows, and by a mutual compact family into a well, and then buildprobably inade by their ancestors, ing it up. Of course no notice was or hallowed by custom, they are taken of this act of barbarity, and bound to assist any Zemindar I believe few are aware of it. against the King's troops, when To the system of the internal ever he chooses to declare himgovernment of this province and self against the Chuckljdar, with the mode of collecting the reveout of course enquiring whether nuė, we must ascribe principally the cause be just or otherwise. the wretched condition of Oudhe. They are often employed as The division of the province of watchmen and chowkedars, and as Oudhe has undergone various such, prove remarkably faithful changes. The number of Chuckand honest. A man may send las, or districts, is now about them with any sum of money, twenty-three, but this is not a however large, without fear of permanent arrangement. The their appropriating the least part Minister can at any time change of it; but when they are not held the number or boundaries of these responsible, they rob and steal to districts. The revenue has dwintheir heart's content. There are dled down to a mere trifle, comtwo large Ragpusseas, or chiefs of pared with what the Chucklidars the Pasee caste, but a very large during the Vuzeerships of Hakeem proportion serve under Talooq- Mehndee, Monaver-ood-Dowlah, dars as armed retainers, Their and Shirf-ood-Dowlah paid into caste is a very low one. The the treasury ; but Oudhe has al- Rungers are of another, but a ways yielded far more than the consimilar caste. They are known tracting governors of the districts to have great powers of en paid in. The bribes they have durance. One of them, while to give for their appointments, and hid under a heap of hay in a the profit they derive from the stable, where he had concealed speculation, which scarcely ever himself to steal a fine horse, ends in loss, amount to half as happening to disturb the animal, much on an average, as the reallowed the syce, who was not venue the King receives from aware of the thief's presence, to them. Thus, in the hands of the hammer an iron peg right through British Government, or in the his hand, without uttering a sigh King's Government under British even. He had then the intrepid- Officials, Oudhe would yield ity to extricate the mangled linab quarter of the amount of revenue with his right hand, to loosen the above what it has produced dur- VOL. 1.NO, V.

·318 Notes on the Kingdom of Oudhe. can now ing the most flourishing days of Khajah Gholam Hossein, twelve the kingdom. Gonda Baraitch, for years ago, paid 9 lakhs. It does which but eight years ago Meer not even produce six now. Sidha Hadee Ally paid 23 lakhs, and Lall, for twenty years, paid Gowhich could not have produced less vernment 3 lakhs for Goshaenthan 27 lakhs, has lately been made gunge and Bijnour; together over to Kishen Sahay for 16 lakhs they do not yield more than two only. Mahumdee also yielded lakhs and twenty thousand. Deno less than 18 lakhs, though wah Koorsee is almost converted the Chucklidar paid in only 9; into a wilderness, scarcely 50,000 but now the Amil can with diffirupees be obtained culty afford to pay three lakhs from the Amil, though 3 lakhs into the treasury and makc a was the usual revenue paid in profit. Rajah Durshun Sing, du- during the Hakeem's time. Inring Hakeem Mehndee's Minis deed Sabshikar Khan but very try, got no less than 40 lakhs of recently gave the present Minister rupees from the Jugdispore, Sul 1 lakh and 85' thousand rupees. tanpore, Rath Havaylee, and Per- . And the district of Lucknow, tabgurh districts (now united into which General Ekbah-ood-Dowone Chuckla), though he con lah procured for his Moonshee tracted for but 22 lakhs ; now Gholam Muntazzer on a pro- Agah Saheb pays but 17 lakhs. mise of paying into the treasury Bainswara, at present split into 6 lakhs, now produces but 3 three Elaqas, was held by Roshun lakhs and 15,000. The numood-Dowlah (the same who after ber of rent-free lands, or Jagheers, wards became Prime Minister,) which Wajid Ally Shah has for twenty-two years, during the granted to his favorites, to the whole' of which period he could Minister, his Begums, and others, afford to send in an annual sum must considerably diminish the of eighteen lakhs ; it yields but annual income. The decrease thirteen at present. Russoolabad of revenue is chiefly, if not solely, and Shuffeepore were held by the owing to the formation of a limitsame Amil, who paid three lakhs ; ed number of Talooqs, in place and Mohaun, for which 1,15,000 of the very numerous petty Zewus gladly paid to the Minister mindarees, of which the country Motom-ood-Dowlah by. Wajid formerly consisted. The Amils, Ally Khan, now yields the King caring of course nothing for between 50 and 80,000 only. the interests of their successors, Sundeela was governed by Rajah were easily bribed to transfer Mahy Lall for eighteen years, estates from peaceful and inoffenwhen 10 lakhs were annually sive persons to already powerful Bent in. Sandee Palee, for which Talooqdars. Many villages were Mungli Persad, during Roshun also conquered by the sword, ood-Dowlah's Ministry, paid 41 and forcible possession taken of lakhs, produces to the State at them. These additions to their present only three: Bunghor, or landed property naturally enathe Terase, during Delaram's bled the Talooq holders to be- Chucklidaree, produced for twen come virtually independent of ty years seven *lakhs. It has government, and when revenue is decreased to four. For Baree, demanded, in some measure to re- ·Notes on the Kingdom of Oudhe. 319 sist it. This often leads to many falcations, and the escape of very serious engagements be Amils into our territories, where tween themselves and the Chuck their ill-gotten property is safe, lidars, supported by King'stroops. is something cnormous. But of this more afterwards. The Royal Treasury is at present Subjoined is a list of the Chuckall but empty, and though the las into which Oudhe is divided, revenue of last year amounted to of the Amils who hold them, and nominally one crore and two lakhs, the amount of revenue each dis. a pretty considerable part of it is trict now yields, compared with not forthcoming. The Khyra- what was formerly paid into the bad Chucklidar, now in prison, Treasury. The total of the average failed in above lakhs of ru revenue during the ministry of pees, and the loss the Oudhe Go- Hakeem Mehndee was one crore vernment suffered from similar de and forty-two lakhs :- Names of Chucklas. Names of Amils now holding them Amount of Amount of RA Revenue at venue yielded which the during the most Contract fourishing was taken times of Oudhe, this year. .... Rs. 3,00,000 Rs. 18,00,000 10,00,000 22,00,000 » 16,00,000 » 23,00,000 1 .... 17,00,000 22,00,000 . 19 ... .. » 13,00,000 ». 18,00,000 .. .. 99 • 1. Mahumdee, Kishen Sahay, 2. Khyrabad, Girdhara Sing, 3. Gonda Baraytch... Rajah Man Singo 4. Sultanpore, 46. Jugdispore, .... 46. Rall Havaylee,.. Agah Saheb, 4d. Pertabgurh, . 5. Bareilly, Lall Mohun, 6. Hurbapoorwa, Futty Chund, 7. Hydergurh,.. Saheb Rae, 8. Salone, ... Saheb Rae, 9, Russoolabad, 10. Shuffeepore,.. Kidhar Nath, Bundea, 11. Mohnun, 12. Sundecla,.. Hossein Buksh,. 13. Sandee Palee, Jamaet Rae, 14. Shahabad, 15. Banghor, Shuna Sing, 16. Baree, Sheikh Ally Buksh, 17. Dewah Koorsee, Klan Ally Khan, 18. Nawabgunge, Ubdool Raheem, 19. Sidhour, Ubdool Raheem, 20. Goslaengunge, Kummor-ood-deen Khan, 21. Bijnour, Mirza Hossein Klan, 82. Deriabad, Buktaver Sing,.. Mirza Hossein Khan, :} .. 91 99 .... 7,00,000 2,50,000 2,50,000 60,000 8,00,000 3,90,000 1,00,000 4,00,000 5,00,000 50,000 1,00,000 2,60,000 1,20,000 1,00,000 3,00,000 » 3,10,000 9,00,000 3,50,000 3,00,000 1,15,000 10,00,000 4,50,000 1,50,000 7,00,000 9,00,000 3,00,000 1,35,000 4,00,000 3,00,000 8,00,000 6,00,000 99 ...... .. ...... . ........ 19 23. Luffony and Bor} 23 Chucklas, 17 Chucklidars, 1,05,00,000 1,77,00,000 ..

·320 Notes on the Kingdom of Oudhe. An Amil or Chucklidar is vest of honor, even the Chobdars and ed with full magisterial powers in Chuprassees of the King. The the district over which he pre Chucklas are publicly sold, and he sides. He is treated with many who can pay most, or possesses of the honors peculiarly apper the greatest influence at Court, is taining to Royalty, whose repre sure to be the successful candisentative he is. The dunga or date. A man, however, who has kettle drum is beaten before him, once been entrusted with the rule and, on his leaving his camp, the of an Elaqa, is almost certain to thunder of cannon announces his re-obtain a similar appointment departure. His power is almost the ensuing year. As he has had despotic ; he regulates disputes, more experience and knowledge settles the land-revenue, summons of the resources of any district, the Zemindars to his presence, the government of which he may and, in case of their refusal to do be anxious to obtain, he can ge- 80, enforces his orders by sending nerally afford to outbid his comtroops to attack their forts. He petitors, who are often Native punishes whomever he pleases, Commandants of Nujeeb Regiand although the right to transfer mento. As the Amil may be at Zemindarees from the real owner any time removed from his office, to any of his favorites or friends, he can take little interest in the is not recognised by the State, he well-doing of his Chuckla. So arrogates this stretch of power, and variable is fortune in Oudhe, that others of a like nature, to himself. the man, who on one day has No one inquires after his actions ; command over thousands, may his word is law in the Elaqa con on the very next be sent into fided to his charge, and whenever Lucknow a fettered prisoner, and he commits himself, the Durbar may, unless he chooses to pay, never hesitate at accepting a dou be subjected to blows, starvation, ceur as hush-money, if they know and all the tortures the fertile anything about it, which is highly brain of a disappointed Mussulimprobable. He has only to pay man can conceive. the Akbarnaveezes or news-wri The horrors of being hoisted ters a little liberally, as they are high into the air, tied up in a employed by the ministry to send bag, and then suddenly dropped in accounts of what the Chuckli on rough ground, of being buried dar and other officers of conse in filth, and of undergoing other quence under him are doing. They ingenious modes of torture, fall have in fact to write the news; frequently to the lot of the Chuckbut as all natives are corruptible, lidar, who fails to pay up the rethe Akbarnaveezes are but tools venue. It must be admitted howin the hands of the Amils. ever, that the “ fickle goddess" Any native may become a may easily be controled by the Chucklidar who has the means to Amil, who has generally, if not pay the high nutzerana (present) always, enough to make him to be the Minister expects. He must considered a wealthy man. His alvo pay the Maharajah Balkissen, object in taking the contract of a the Minister of Finance, the Prime district is to make as much money Minister's favorites, and on being as he is able, and in this endea presented with á khillut or dress Your he scruples at nothing. Jus- 9 ·Notes on the Kingdom of Oudhe. 821 - tice he regards not, and what he headed for his numerous offences, cannot obtain by fair means, he and about whom so much was writattempts to take by force, or by ten in the newspapers last year, was treachery. not fairly apprehended. Though There is no settled revenue on he well merited his fate for the any Estate, the Amil almost al numberless murders and dacoitees ways demands a greater sum of he had committed, the false prothe Zemindar, than his predeces- mises with which he was decoyed sor obtained, should he find the into the hands of his captors, will crops plentiful, and his lands flouever disgrace the Government rishing. If the landholder is that connived at, if it did not, weak, he is of course obliged to plan them. plan them. Vusee Ully, one pay what is asked; but he always of the chief intriguers about the sends his Karindas to settle the King's Court, forged the King's mamla or revenue affair, and to seal, Minister's seal, and the seal endeavour to compromise with and signature of a native noblehim. The Talooq or Zemindar man of a high character, and aphowever seldom trusts to the good pended them to promises of parfaith of the Amil, and therefore, don, and offers of protection, if Lefore venturing his person into Gunga Buksh and his father would the presence of the Chucklidar, make their appearance in the city. requires the ban or protection of The plan succeeded, and when another person, usually the officer the unfortunate men claimed the commanding a regiment, at the fulfilment of the promise, they disposal of the governor. Should were told that the signatures and the Amil afterwards violate his seals were forged. And the inpromise of safety, and seize the famous forger, instead of being person of the Talooqdar to extract punished, received a dress of homoney from him (a circumstance nor, and a most lucrative appointwhich very frequently occurs ment. By Colonel Sleeman's inwhere no ban is given) the com fluence he was however deprived mander is at liberty to enforce of office, although he is still in the fulfilment of his pledge at the the plenitude of power, so far as point of the bayonet. This how to assist the Durbar with his ad. ever is an event of which I know vice, and to lend his immense inno instance. Protection has always fluence to persons who have cases been accorded to those Zemin to be settled by the Minister, or dars, who obtained the ban of a his Naib. European officer in the Oudhe It was Gunga Buksh who took service. To the praise of these a leading part in the affair at Betgentlemen I must state, that they tay, where Elderton lost his life. have always merited the high opi. Yet that the execution of the two nion the different landholders en robbers could not have been owtertain of their honor and plight- ing to their having been accessoed faith. Natives themselves have ries in the “ murder," as I have scarcely any confidence in each seen it stated, of a British officer, other, and recourse is often had is sufficiently demonstrated by to the most treacherous means to the fact that the man, who first bring an individual into their power. brought the news of his death to Gunga Buksh, who was justly be Lucknow, was rewarded by the ·322 Inscription, &c. 9 Durbar with a dress of honor, and a sum of money. Another atrocity occurred but last year. Ram Dutt Pundah, an extensive Talooqdar, was stabbed in the open Kutcherry by Mohammed Hossain, then Chucklidar of Salone, who by this crime endeavoured to liquidate the debts he owed his victim, and immediately after the commission of this foul act, plundered property of the deceased to a very great extent. For this barbarity Government rewarded the murderer with a dress of honor, and when the Resident required the case to be determined by the King's Government, the High Priest, before whose tribunal it was brought, being a corrupt fanatical bigot, of course exculpated the Mussulman from all blame for killing an idolatrous Hindoo. This sentence he pronounced not only from a conviction, that there is merit in ridding the world of a heathen, but also from a consideration for his own interest. The character of the Oudhe Government cannot be better displayed than by these examples of treachery, forgery, and murder, rewarded. Şuch being the case, it is not surprising that the Amils should imitate the example set them by their superiors, and that every man, vested with a little brief authority, should exert it to oppress the weaker and more helpless classes. A wealthy native, travelling through the country, is never at a loss for bearers to carry his palankeen, or coolies to bear his traps. The peasant is taken from the plough, and the villager from amongst his children, to be made an unwilling carrier of a heavy load, and no reward is given to the poor begarree for his time lost, and the labour performed; if, after trudging over a space of several miles, he receives a miserable pittance of parched gram or a single pice, he may deem himself fortunate. This custom of seizing begarees is so very frequently practised, that a poor man always lives in dread of being forced into working, and on the approach of a great man with his retinue, or of a Regiment of Troops, the villagers often fly into the jungles, till the Zemindar, being made responsible, furnishes his quota of coolies. Colonel Sleeman has often expressed his disapprobation of this system, and had, in a measure, surceeded in not having it put into practice as frequently as before, but as long as Oudhe is under the present Ministry, these acts of oppression will naturally continually occur. (To be continued.) INSCRIPTION ON SOME ALMS' HOUSES BUILT BY A JEW. (Translated from the Spanish.) ISSACHAR, the usurer, A charitable Jew, Built these Houses for the Poor- And found them inmates too.

·[ 323 ] RETROSPECTIONS OF A YOUNG MAN; BEING THE ANTECEDENTS OF FREEMAN, OF THE 76TH B. N. I., RELATED BY HIMSELF. BOOK II. CHAPTER II. • I MAY be wrong, but I think had resolved to do by palkeethat the first impression of Ma dawk. The interval was spent, as dras is, that the houses have been I believe most young Englishmen parched and peeled by some spend their time, everywhere ; in cutaneous disorder, peculiar to other words, wasted. I lived the Tropics. You would say, with a few young men, whose ac- “This is a town on which the quaintance I made in Madras, sun shines pretty steady ;" and much as if I had been in London, you would be right; the great --smoking, playing rackets, dinglaring eye of an equatorial hea ing, and playing pool. ven is the most desolate affair in But my dawk was at length the world ; worse, far worse than “ laid," and on the appointed the wildest tempest that ever evening I started ; but having howled over Dartmore. Amidst little doubt that such a journey is this red-hot glow, you land from among the most serious « miseries an improved kind of Mussoolah of human life," I shall not dwell boat, whose numerous rowers upon what happened to me durshout and sing as if that was all ing the trip ; indeed I remember they had to do. You leap ashore ; but little of it, excepting strugoh! what a sensation it is! The gles with the natives, who could wonderful, trance-bound Asia. not understand the Hindustanee Every thing that surrounds you so I had learned in books on boardperfectly new; the mob of sedu ship, however loud I bawled ; I lous Dobashes, each brandishing arrived at Calcutta in a state of his “chits" of recommendation high fever. the wild and naked boatmen, with But the cold weather was at their conical caps ; the booming hand, when even in Calcutta the surfs you have just passed ; the morning and evening air is almost scorching sand; the palanquins ; breathable ; besides, I was fresh the white excoriated houses, with from England, and was too strong their monotonous window shut for the fever. The disease of the ters; and even the pale, greasy mind was worse : when I recover- Eutopean that meets you at the ed, a pile of letters was brought door of the hotel, combining, form me, which had arrived from Enga chaos of wonder that most of my land at various dates, from six Indian friends will recollect. weeks after I had left England, to Having no introductory letters, the present time. I glanced has- I remained at the hotel until I tily at them; there was none in could make my arrangements for Edith's hand ; still she might have proceeding to Calcutta, which I enclosed me a few lines in one of ;

·324 Retrospections of a Young Man. was as Warren's, though it was not very ver supposed she had a turn that probable: so I began to read way." Pained and dissatisfied, I them in order, according to date threw down the letter, and began of post marks. lazily tossing over the rest that From Warren I heard that my remained unopened. Suddenly mother was sinking, but so slowly my eye fell on one that bore a that it was impossible to say how black seal ; I tore it open ; ah ! long she might not, in her pre best and fondest of mothers : I sent state, hold out; her apathy was now completely an orphan; as profound as ever, and she had recovered her faculties, she still believed me at Oxford ; and yielded in the struggle, her sometimes talking of sending last words had been a blessing on me a box of jams and worsted her exiled son. stockings. The village was Sick at heart, I saw my cure tranquil as ever if possible, more in action. A campaign was ex- BO: for Whistling Joe had disap- pected; and I hastened to get atpeared, no one knew whither. tached to a Regiment on active The woods of Blackhurst did not service. But, in vain; the winter suffer from his absence, for Black wore on, and I was still unposted ; Jack had managed to secure his the money I had brought from vacant place; the last man, the England was gone ; and I, at the prim Abud (who was agent to age when Mr. Pitt was Prime Mithe estate,) would have been like nister of England, was only on ly to choose, (one would have the threshold of life yet, though, thought) if left to himself. But to be sure, I was not Mr. Pitt. Black Jack had contrived to get Things were in this state, when a the keepership, and stupid as he cold, caught one morning at the was in other things, the very Race Course, combined with the spirit of his revered predecessor's dissipation of a whole season to administration remained in full produce a serious illness, which work. As before, not a poacher being the second attack of one came near the estate. Little did kind and another that I had sufit matter indeed to the owner of fered in a few months, the Docthose fair lands and woods : she tors ordered me to sea. A casual was far away, in London, staying argument once with the Captain with the Tụftos. “ I am glad,' of a country-ship bound to the said the Rector, if one of his let Mauritius determined my destinaters, I am glad that you took tion. She was to start in a week; my advice about falling in love my preparations were soon made, with Edith : I have been sorely and I bade a glad adieu to the disappointed in that girl, Charles, City of Palaces, and of ho- After your departure, she grew vels, of commercial aristocracy very wild and flighty in her man and lordly tradesmen ; merchant ner, and eventually went off to princes, whose argosies are of pa- London, without consblting me, per, (this was some years ago) or indeed taking leave of any of and whose haven the Insolvent us': and my girls hear that she is Court; officials, whose modest adnow leading a most dissipated life ministration shuns the glare of there, a thing at which I am public notice ; and Britons, whose most of all surprised, for I ae patriotism is exerted in causes ·Retrospections of a Young Man. 325 as not their own ; enlightened" na married the king's daughter, till tive gentlemen, who are respect- deserting his friend, and his ed in England in inverse ratio to Ariadne, he ultimately took the their respectability among their command of one of the ships of own people ; adieu and farewell Messrs. Aga Meerza and Co. to the city of magnificent mean The Futteh-Moolayim was a ness, cordial frigidity, and intole teak-built "ship from the Coast, rable heat. Farewell, said I, and intended for passengers, crank in if ever, being of sound mind, and the hull, and over-masted ; manuncompelled by the sternest ne ned by lascars, and loaded with cessity, I spend two consecutivo rice. I afterwards ascertained months within thy most marshy that my sailing in her was looked limits, may I be the victim of thy upon by my friends in Calcutta most boon hospitality, a share an act of suicidal madness ; holder in thy most flourishing but, blest in my ignorance, I did corporations, may I eat the bread 8o, and long ere we dropped of dependence, and drink thy Ho-. anchor at Fulta, memorable as tel champagne. the retreat of Mr. Roger Drake and his illustrious garrison, I was As the morning gun wreathed its smoke from the ramparts of in my cabin half-asleep. About Fort William, I found myself, midnight Master Clasper came on with something like the aboveboard, very jolly, and as little inrecorded feelings, at that unsight- hour could well be. This night is clined for bed, as a man at that ly and useless Ghaut which bears therefore marked in my memory the honoured name of Prinsep ; and after the usual scuffling with by mingled associations of comic the boatmen of the Dinghies, singing, recrimination, and Eau sat down with a violent headde Cologne ; and when I at last ache, in the cuddy of the Futgot to sleep, the after-cabins were teh-Moolayim. My friend Will pervaded by an aroma of broiled bones. Clasper had not yet come on board, so while we drop down to At the usual period we bade adieu to the Pilot, a gentleman- Garden Reach, and are taken in like fellow, and an able performer tow by that well-known powerful Steam Tug the Salamander (Capt. fairly out of sight of land, and on the German flute. Then, when D'Costa) I may as well-behind his back-give you some account gliding over the oily waters of the Bay of Bengal, the sense of exile of our own Commander, and his became strong indeed, and the gallant vessel. dark side of expatriation and of Clasper is a stout-built little solitude shewed itself. Unspecked Cockney, a liberal Roman Ca and deep the blue stretched above tholic, as brave as Bayard, and as us, smooth and monotonous the seamanlike, quite, as Mr. T. P. blue lay round. And when the Cooke. He left England in early old familiar sounds of sheep and life as fourth Mate of à Merchant kine came floating aft, the heart ship, worked hard, kept up his re fondly and sorrowfully swelled ligion and his honesty, got ship with thoughts of health and hapwrecked on the Maldives, where he piness in rural England. The is shrewdly suspected of having Captain, too, in whosesjovial cha- VOL. I.-NO. V.

·326 Retrospections of a Young Man, racter there lay a vein of dismal devotion, had a small organ, on which he used to play in his cabin; and the necessary slowness of its touch added to the solemnity; you could never tell whether he was playing a Polka or a Requiescat. At length we were fairly becalmed, and out of that very stagnation arose an incident which was to colour all my future life. CHAPTER III. 1 A shir was in sight; a noble So making over charge of the Indiaman, with Calcutta-ward ship to his 1st officer, Mr. Wilprow; she had drifted up in the liams, a gallant and steady fellow, night assisted by some current and he ordered out the quarter boat, guch light airs as her highest can and off we set with a picked crew vass would catch. But in vain, of Seidies dressed in their gayest the sleepy influence had scized her turbans. too, and there we lay for twenty The Major (such was the soulrifour hours, watching one another quet, which by a brilliant exercise at a distance of about two miles. of nautical humour, had been There was our ship with her one coined for the Commander of the passenger; there was she with Indiaman) proved to be an old her teeming freight of love, hope, friend of Clasper, so they ad.. fear, sorrow, and ambition, the journed to the former Commandinexperienced boys and girls re er's cabin, and had a confabulajoicing in the artificial fireworks tion over storms, typhoons, cyof transient flirtation (almost as clones, and other humorous subinnocent as the games of hide-and jccts, assisted, I make no doubt, seek they might have played to by sundry "twisters" of rum and gether two years earlier), there water. was the new fledged Ensign, or I had meanwhile stumbled the prim young writer to whom upon an old friend on the poop of Calcutta was yet a land of pro the Indiaman. This was no other mise--liberty and independence, than Cox Bloxam, who seemed things worth living in the tropics really glad, in his condescending for ; there was the worn-out An way, to meet me; and informed glo-Indian, returning from Eng me that his estates having got land or the Cape with vigor tem into confusion, he had exchanged porarily restored, but looking for into a Light Dragoon Regt. at ward with grim fortitude to the two present serving in India, which years he has yet to serve for his he thought a cheap and knowing pension, the two most trying way of turning a penny by trayears, (as he knows they will be) velling. of his whole career. As he said this, I caught his Atlength Clasper's pathence was eye rising slowly, and, as it were, exhausted ; If that hooker is to partially from my boots. “ Vey," stick there till doomsday, I don't (he could not as it seemed prosec why we should not go and nounce the t, h), “Vey are weaoverhaul her," said he. wing veir twowsers wounded off sides, I want to get a little yeast, at ve boot," he observed, in a sort and make you some soft bread." of half apology." Are they," said 66 as Be- ·Retrospections of a Young Man. 327 . I; “I have no such important Cantenac,) and I was fortunate news to give you from our part enough to sit vis-a-vis to the fair of the world, but I have brought stranger, whose name, as my comyou a newspaper or two." So say panion informed me, was Agnes ing, I handed him a file of Calcut 0 I never was so much ta papers, including a number or pleased with any one in my life. two of that meritorious print, She was so graceful, so calm, the Madras “ Palladium." It un breathed such an atmosphere of fortunately happened that these sense and goodness; and yet beorgans of public opinion, in the trayed, as I thought, to the keener absence of a war, or a balloon as observer, such an under current cent, had just fallen foul of the of the most tremulous sensibility, education question ; and nothing that my pre-possession was not was to be observed but a violent strange. Indeed I have since contest about the Vernacular sys found out that she influences every tem as compared with the Eng one in the same way. She makes lish, a discussion which was main more friends, and keeps them tained with as much fury as if the 'with more certainty than any woworthy journalists were to the last man I have ever known ; and degrec interested and absorbed in that too even among her own sex. the question. I was sorry to observe that my The Dragoon seemed to take friend Bloxam sate next her at their measure at a glance. “Thank table, not by accident, but eviyou," he said, returning me the dently by the right of custom of papers, “ but vis is a bowid baw; which (since the beginning of the have vey nofing to wite about voyage) the memory of man ran except ve niggers ?" not to the contrary. He paid her seems," I replied somewhat in a good deal of that easy attention differently, for my attention was which a man in his circumstances just then attracted to a very pretty 80 readily learns to shew; and so graceful little lady of some nine. unfortunately, as many good girls, teen years, staid and self-possest; both high and low, know to their who was walking arm-in-arm with cost in the neighbourhood of gara Clergyman on the windward (or rison-towns. Considering my powhat by courtesy during the calm sition at the time, it is not to my was considered the windward) credit, but I felt some acute side of the deck. Observing pangs of jealousy. which direction my eyes took, We soon after left the ship, Cox observed that he " approved for the dog-vanes began to give of my taste; she was a devilish sen notice of a breeze; and Clasper sible girl," and added with a con maintains that I did not address sequential look, that "he vought him a syllable during our return vat wivout much trouble he might to the Futtel-Moolayim. I was in have it all his own way in vat truth in a reverie from which quawter." few things would have roused me. Presently the passengers were I could not be in love ; for, unacsummoned below to tea, (at an countable Edith's conduct hour when the jovial Clasper and had been, she was not forgotten myself would have been half way yet; and the memories of the through our third bottle of Brown home I had loft, and the lost mo- " So it as ·328 Retrospections of a Young Man. ther (as I remembered her before yet it was certain that I felt unthe evil days had come upon her) usual loathing of that dolt of a all these feelings had too much dragoon with his vulgar coxcomsway in my heart to prevent the bery, and wished him anywhere entrance of a new passion. And but by the side of Miss O- CHAPTER IV. ! FROM this day my apathy be had been intended by those who gan to clear ; I was still idle and had dinned them into me. If the unhappy, but I had now some theory of "the priest" in Chris. thing quite new to think of, which tianity was true, and the Clergy was a delightful change ; and I possessed, by virtue of an unbrokmoreover turned up a few books en descent from the Apostles, the in Clasper's cabin, having, with power of imparting unerring inmy usual carelessness, forgotten struction, and conveying graces to pack up any of my own when that could not be obtained by any leaving Calcutta. There, extend other means, then did that power ed on the cushions of the locker, most clearly reside in the Roman my eyes wandering from the book Church. And if she were in the to the rolling wake that followed right, I learned from my new stuthe stern, and thence back to the dies that all dissenters from her snug comfort of the cabin with were most undoubtedly and danits quaint Oriental furniture, its gerously wrong; and I now perebony cabinets, ivory chairs, Ma ceived what had been to me the Jay creeses, and Chinese lanterris, unaccountable dislike which Cope I would muse away day after day and his friends felt for the Reforof the delicious tropical weather. mation and its devoted band of The Captain was not a liter- Martyrs. ary man, and the books he had I entreat the reader to bear were mostly polemical tracts in I am stating facts, favour of his own church. Hay and facts of the most tragical iming been brought up from early port. Such conclusions as I was life to look upon that church with now coming to, are the real, lifea kind of contemptuous pity, not destroying dragons that haunt the perhaps wholly unnaixed with ridi modern pilgrim ; and I earnestly cule, it was with languid interest invite for them the attention of indeed that I first took up these those who are not yet within the works. I think I had a sort of influence of their pestilential patronizing feeling, as who should breath. O pause ere it is too late, Bay “come, let us see what this contemplate steadily the appearworn out and doting old lady has to ance, ponder well on the nature say for herself." I was soon start of those monsters to whose proled to observe a vigor for which I tection you are about to intrust was wholly'unprepared,-a dis yourselves. Not without meaning tinctness of purpose, and a strength are those dead men's bones around of logic with which I was not at and within the sepulchres they all able to contend. The whole of make so beautiful of the Romiah the arguments I had heard so much theory (mark, I only speak of of in England went farther than theory), if this be true, Christianity with me.

·Retrospections of a Young Man. 329 was differs in no vital respect from tempted to complete his work other religions ; a moral regenerwith strokes of a sword. But ation was not the object of its the same invisible hands turned announcement to men, and Ma aside the weapon, and the execuhummud Ben Abdoolah tioner was obliged to release the right to proclaim a pure Theism victim, at the same time acknowin its teeth. Right, because Chris ledging the miracle. The thief tianity differed from other faiths was pardoned, and became a only in this, that it exacted from monk." its professors a blinder and more I also read that the Church of intolerant recognition of doginas Rome could not change ; and I and practices bearing equal marks observed that it was spoken of with them of human invention. with evident pride that the mass Right, because Christianity sup of the people were more devout plied no inducements like those of in Romish than in Protestant pure Theism to the battle with countries, and this was the result moral evil. I think it was Sir of their devotion ! And such I H. Strachey who observed that found was the logical conclusion a Hindoo saint will rise from his of the premises with which I had temple to take a false oath in started in life. Verily this was Court, and will then return with proving too much. The foununimpaired claims to the homage dations of my faith were shaken; of his neighbours--as long as he and the scepticism which I had does not intermit his bathings always (and I believe with justice) and his use of sacred namnes. felt on less important subjects, now But in what respect is he inferior began to take possession of my to the Calabrian Bandit, who re religious views. For there was ceives periodical absolution, and one point on which I could not finally Christian burial, because indulge it: the universal conhe consents to perform certain science of civilized mankind pointpenances, has purchased an in ed out one subject of unanimous dulgence, and has been constant agreement, and to become scepin his adoration of the Carpenter's tical on moral good was a ship- Wife? wreck which I had never, have In one collection of sacred never, and never will contemplate. stories I read the following: On other subjects it might not be " There was a man whose oc right to yield too much to the cupation was highway robbery; blindness of logic; ancient nabut whenever he went out on an tions had been logical, the Hinexpedition, he was always careful doos had been logical, and so had to address a prayer to the Vir the Chinese. And they had regin. Taken at last, he was sen mained stationary. Modern Eutenced to be hanged. While the rope alone dared to admit, on all cord was around his neck, he subjects but one, that adversa made his usual prayer : nor was views might co-exist up to a cerit ineffectual. The Virgin sup tain point, and the resultant of ported his feet with her white these conflicting forces had been hands, and thus kept him alive in a progressive direction. Rome for two days, to the no small sur alone had there stuck to logic, prise of the executioner, who at and in Romish countries there ·330 Retrospections of a Young Man. had been comparatively no pro- mystery of the South Pole, when gress. he thought to have been breath- This I saw at the time, but ing the warm and scented airs of dimly ; I was too like a lonely Serendib. A reckless melanchosailor, to whom the compass is ly seized me, an intoxication of unknown, and who has been sorrow, from which I was only steering by the wrong stars, till half awakened by the sudden and he finds himself amid the frozen imminent approach of death. CIIAPTER V. 19 6 but a good 66 gets ; ONE calm and beautiful night pical night returned, save the lazy we had been conversing on the plash of the ripple from the ship's deck, and had retired to our re side, as she stole through the spective cabins below the poop. scarce resisting water. I was just falling asleep, and in “Well," cried Clasper," hang that dozing state when the world's “ me, if that does not beat everyrealities mingle with the things "thing. I've heard of this beof dreamland. I thought of “fore, but never believed it poschurch-bells heard in dear old sible." Oxfordshire in blameless child “ What on earth is it?" I enhood; and then again my mind quired. turned to the interior of a Cathe “ Nothing on earth, my boy," dral. The times had come back replied the skipper, when I thought all true and beau o deal at sea : and I'm sorry now tiful that seemed 80; and when " that I woke you to listen to it." the service of our Church, with “What do you mean?" full musical accompaniment, heard Why, that we shall have a amid those solemn shades, sufficed “snorter before the next sun to answer all the longings of the and the hooker is not soul. The implicit religious feel "quite up to it. That's all. I'm ing had returned, before I dared sorry for it, Freeman, but I've to suppose that what the good brought you into a mess. Old taught me could possibly be other " sailors have told me of that wise than good. The rough tones " sound, and that it always preof Clasper's manly Poice dissolved " cedes a hurricane. Not a com- “Do you hear that, mon gale, mind you ; it's not Freeman ?" cried he. I started so common as that; for, as I up. The sound was real. Not said, I never heard it in my precisely that of an anthem, nor " before. Mr. Williams ! Pass altogether that of bells, but more “ the word there for Mr. Willike the essence or the burthen of “ liams." a chime as you hear it on still So saying, the good fellow leapt Sunday evenings, when the au out of bed, and gave the necessatumnal air is cold and clear, and ry instructions to his first officer, the Church is hidden from sight who happened to be on watch. by intervening : woods and hills. Soon were heard the notes of We neither of us spoke for full preparation, the Serang's whistle, five minutes. At length the sound and the clatter of ropes and ceased, and the silence of the tro. blocks; the ship was bove to, my dream, life ·Retrospections of a Young Man. 331 We 66 The and everything made ready for ed cards, and even taken a glass or the approach of the storm. two of clandestine wine with us in had nothing more to do: so we the cuddy. It was curious now to lay still, and “waited for the watch the different behaviour of day." these two men. They were both And what a day it was ! 'The alarmed, never having been at flying spray, the maddening dark sea in their lives, and being, to browed waves, the uproar of the a large extent, interested in the wind, the floods of rain from the ship's cargo. But while the Had. cloudy IIeavens, and the groan- jee sate stern and silent with his ing of the poor old ship, as she sacred volume, protected by a seemed to cower before the tyran silk wrapper, and clasped tightly nous rage of "he tempest! Night under his arm, that it might be fell, and added to the horror. The the last thing to perish, his comlightning flashed, the thunder panion, who had laughed at the rattled, the wind kept up a steady old man's strictness, now found incessant roar, and, with a sound no consolation, but in muttered like the report of a twenty-four 'acknowledgments that “God was pounder, some great sail would merciful and great." fly from its fastenings, and drift Tautum Religio potuit suadere. away like mist. Clasper was The carpenter, a steady Scotchsubdued by his anxiety, but un man, came up and laid his axes wearied in his excrtions. Now on the cuddy-table. on the quarter deck, giving words pumps have choked, Sir," said of encouragement to the Lascars ; he, quietly ; “ and there's no now stealing cautiously along the " sounding, if you please, in the supports afforded by the bulwarks of the poop, or the spars that had “ Very good, Mr. Billington," been lashed across for hand-rails answered the Captain, naively; ere the storm began ; now shew “then away with the mizen." ing his honest weather-beaten "Excuse me, Captain Clasper," face, and dripping oiled-hat un put in the mate; " but the der the cuddy lamp, as he relight ship is laden with rice, and I ed his cigar, and gazed long and think it is swelling with the anxiously at the ever-falling Mer wet; don't you think it might cury of the Barometer. be better to begin dy heaving We had two Persian super-car some of it overboard ?" goes on board, one of whom was a A report from the second of- Hadjee, a man of prodigious sanc ficer, who had been below, suptity, who had been wont to con ported Williams's suggestion, the fine himself almost entirely to the swollen bags of rice had burst seclusion of the after-hold, from the bulk-heads of the old cabins whence he would only emerge on on the main deck, where they had auspicious and well-omenedoc been stowed, and were pitching casions, and with whiskers and down to leeward, greatly increasfinger-nails fresh dyed a brilliant ing the depression or "list" of scarlet. The other had been, dur the vessel, which was now almost ing the early part of the voyage, on her beam-ends. what might be termed a wet" “Ask the super-cargoes," said Mussulman, who had smoked, play- the Captain. so well." 19 66 ·332 The Rainbow, “ Bismillah !" was their sub was removed for cutting away the missive reply. "God is great; masts. Seeing the faces of the “ after him you are our protecofficers become less anxious, I now, tors; do what you will. Mash (it was four in the morning) retir- “ allah !" ed to my cabin, which was on the leeward side of the ship, and com- Lights were at once procured, pletely under the waves. Here, a scuttle opened in the after-part amidst the horrible tumult, and of the deck, and away went the with the sea raging over my rice, all hands assisting with a will. head and at my buttoned-up port- The effect was instantaneous ; hole, I committed myself to the the ship righted to a certain ex Divine protection, and sunk into tent, and all immediate necessity a profound sleep. THE RAINBOW. O'er the waves of the raging deep, O'er the peaks of the flower-crown'd earth, I glide like a dream in sleep, Or the beam, that gave me birth ; I come like the first fond love, Like a rose from the dear one's breast, A kiss from the heavens above, To Earth, 'mid the storms unrest. O'er the tremulous ocean of air, My glorious standard I wave, What matter the clouds that are there, "Twill shine, like the souls of the brave Oh! the stars may look smilingly down, When the earth's calmly sleeping below, But I come when the elements frown, Like a friend in the hour of woe. I come like Spring's first dawn of love, To tell of bright sunshiny hours, To the leaves that hang gemm'd in the grove, And the beautiful tear-laden flowers ; I come to dry Nature's soft tears, And peace-breathing, banish all strife, Add I die, but my dying endears, With all that I promis'd in life. Augustus HOWARD.

·[ 333 ] A FEW WORDS TO THE LADIES.-NO. II. We pointed out briefly in our manding esteem, may always be first number, the power which wo traced to the possession of some men undoubtedly possess, to influ- quality, intrinsically estimable; or, ence, whether for good or evil, the in other words, although the power minds of their self-nominated lords of pleasing may occasionally be and masters; and we sketched a possessed by one who has forfeitfaint outline of what society, and ed our esteem by some folly or more particularly Indian society, frailty, yet even in those rare cases, might become, would the ladies the attractive grace will be found only give their assistance to the to have its source in some quagreat work of its reformation. lity which in itself claims our res- Hereafter we shall return to this pect. branch of the subject, and show This will no doubt appear to more in detail, how and when, in some to be an untenable docevery-day-life, they can best exert trine, and they will feel inclined their influence; at present we purto assert, that the power of pleaspose considering what qualities ing is in itself a separate thing, and what line of conduct in them an indefinable charm, which is selves will tend to diminish or utterly unconnected with the soincrease that power which we have ber sentiment of estcem, and inexhorted them to use. stance perhaps the almost univer- This we can do the more readi sal success of a woman gifted ly, as we have (in asking the la with a soft voice, a sweet smile, dies to aid us in reforming our and graceful and gentle manners. selves) freely confessed the faults Pray, they will ask, do you respect and vices to which we men are a flute, a pretty picture, or an anmost addicted, and may therefore, telope ? and if not, why should having as it were taken the beam you respect a woman for the posout of our own eyes, be allowed, session of attractions similar to without reproach, to point out those so highly developed in these gently the motes in those of our objects ? fair neighbours. The answer is obvious ; these Were the minds of men regu graces we admire, it is true, but lated as they should be, the author the power of making a pleasing, ity of women would be exactly and at the same time durable proportional to the respect or impression, arises not from them, esteem which they were capable but from the qualities which they of inspiring; even as it is, altho' indicate ; it is not them, but the we meet with many startling ex hidden treasures which they tell ceptions to this rule, it will, we of, which we prize so highly. think, be found in the long run to Just as we select from the vinebe pretty nearly true. Indeed, the leaf basket before us that peach, power of making a lastingly pleas on which there is the softest ing impression on any worth bloom, not because we are enapleasing) though not invariably sy- moured of the external beauty, nonymous with the power of com but because its existence speaks VOL. 1. NO. V.

·334 A few Words to the Ladies. of interior sweetness, so are we society. Men of the highest pleased by a soft voice or a sweet rank, the greatest merit, may smile in women, because we au have to visit a foreign country gur therefrom, a soft heart and a without a single letter of introsweet temper. duction, but sooner or later they Vanity, frivolity, or caprice, will be better known and more may be co-existent with these, and honoured than any low-bred, illimay prevent our respecting the terate person, who travels with character as a whole, though the his basket-load of recommensmile and voice may still enchain dations. Such too, if the laus, we hardly know why : but the dics will believe us, is the case fascination exerted over us is not with them, and we shall therefore a separate, independent power, make no further apology for as some would argue, but the re pointing out to them how they sult of the supposed existence can best really please, and there. of qualities which we do esteem, fore govern us, (and every lady warmth of affection and good na likes her own way;) or, in other ture. There is not a charm of words, what actions tend to forperson, or a grace of manner, feit our respect, what line of conbut we may, if we examine our duct will best ensure our esteem. own hearts carefully, trace its To attack glaring vices or pick power of attracting us to our be out petty follies, which are but lief, that it indicates some corres rarely seen, is obviously not our ponding grace of inind or heart. object; all we wish to do is to put These indications may and do, in their proper light some of those no doubt, sometimes deceive us, very general failings, which are but generally we find out our er often inore baneful to society in ror before long, and the revulsion their effects, than what we have of feeling that then occurs, fully been taught to look upon as pocorroborates all that we leave as sitive sins. serted. When did sweet smile Frivolity, whether of pursuits captivate us, after we became con or mind, is one of the very most vinced that it was but the mask pernicious, and at the same time of a bad temper? When could the most prevalent of these failings, soft voice charm us, when we have and though a life frittered away once felt that the heart was cold or in reading novels, netting purses, faithless? We may augur wrong- dancing, and flirting, may be ly, as we have said ; but if the thought to be at any rate a very mere belief in the existence of cer harmless style of existence, we tain qualities can enchain us, how ourselves believe it to be producmuch more certain, (though per tive of a very large share of dohaps slower) must be the success mestic unhappiness. But first of the reality. All cannot, it is of all it will probably be objected true, possess the external attrac to us, that frivolity is not a comtions from which we predicate mon failing among the ladies of the internal graces which alone India ; well and good, that is of have lasting power to bind us ; course a matter of opinion : to but all may ponsess these latter, prove our assertion, we shall conall may turn them to advantage, tent ourselves with giving a brief not only for themselves, but for chronicle of a lady's daily employ- ·A few Words to the Ladies. 335 ments, and we think that to do fasted, and had just sat down this fairly, we had better let a lady comfortably to read that pretty of our acquaintance speak for her story of Celestine in the Benares sex, by transcribing a letter re Magazine, when mama sent me ceived a few weeks ago. off to practice. I hate singing you know, at least all but a few DEAR GUSSEY,-Why will you sweet old songs, but then one always keep teasing me with your must learn the new Italian airs ; nonsensical questions about what 80 down I sat to the piano, I can possibly find to do, to be and after a little Do Re Mi Fa, so busy as I have often told you which is very tiresome work, bethat I generally am? Wretch that gan a song, but was interrupted you are, who presume to question by visitors, when I chatted and thus a lady's veracity; what can you laughed to my heart's content. know of what ladies have to do? But don't suppose I was idle; I Day after day, shut up in your did at least six rows of a crochet mouldy cutcherries, you doze over anti-macrassar. What a nice your hookahs, and pretend that creature Mr. Crowcroft is, only, you are hard at work, while we, poor dcar man, it's a thousand poor things, who do every thing pitics, but he is so very ugly : whatever is done in India, are he staid with us almost till tiffin, accused, forsooth, of having no and then ran away in a great thing to do. Pray, Mr. Impu hurry, as he was engaged to tiff dence, have you any idea of the with that stupid Mrs. P. Only thousand little duties which we just fancy they want to catch him, women perform daily, in silence, people say ; but it's really too and unthanked, for you, ungrateful absurd,-he with two thousand a creatures that you are? No! of month. course not, then to put a stop once Well, after tiffin, I wrote letfor all to your everlasting railings, ters. Miss S. was married the I will, if you are a very good boy, day before yesterday, and I had to give you a history of one busy write to Julia and Susan, and sedaymany day would do, but I veral others whom you think I remember most about yes a full account of the wedding. terday, so let it be yesterday. 1 Miss S. looked so sweetly pretty, got up at about six and took a ride you can't think and mama says with papa, who was rather cross her lacc veil must have cost at about Mr. G I did not least 500 Rupees, - only think enjoy that much, came home, how fine ! and had a long consultation with Before I had done my letters, mama as to my dress for the I had to dress to go on the Mall; evening-(there was a ball last it was a band night, and every night at the Artillcry Mess, you body was there, so that I had know :) she wanted me to make plenty of fun, and was quite vexed some alteration in the trimmings, when they struck up-God save which I objected to, and what the Queen. between one thing and another, As there was to be a ball, and we heard papa calling out for I take a long time dressing my breakfast, before either of us was hair, directly dinner was over, I dressed. Off I ran, dressed, break had to begin, and yet! hardly don't know, SO ·336 A few Words to the Ladies. Over + know how, what with reading a to have imbibed the folly, and a few snatches of Celestine, which very large proportion of the fair I finished, and putting new trim sex in India seem never to have mings on my gloves, it was past an idea beyond dress, crotchet, ten, and papa growling before I and scandal. Whatever is showy was ready. exteriorly, no matter what it may Then came the ball; you know be in reality, seems sure to captithe rest, and I won't tantalize you vate you, and one has only to asby describing it, only by the way certain what particular men are Miss Harfoot's dress was positive- favourites with the majority of ly shabby, (a dirty pink Tarlatan, your sex, to know what men are a still dirtier white satin empty-pated, extravagant coxjupe ;) and then, at half-past 3 combs ; possessing as their higho'clock, home and to bed. est recommendations, a good Besides all this, I did a thou moustache, a stylish tailor, (whom sand little things, which I forget they never pay,) a fair stock of now, and if you don't confess that what is technically called brass, I really was very busy, you must and perhaps, to crown all, a good be cither very pcrvcrse, or very voice. stupid. But there's mama calling Or again, say how is it that me to look at some new flowers (where there is a choice) husbands she has just brought from Mrs. are chosen ? Onc-half of the sex Ludlam's, so I shall say goodby. at least test the warmth of their Remaining yours, &c. affection by a thermometer graduated to the allowances of different Ladies of India, will any of you ranks. * deny that this picture, drawn by Would you put the same subone of your own sex, is a faithful representation of the life of busy ject in a different point of view; reflect for a moment on how you idleness, that four out of every qualify yourselves for married life. five of you lcad. Nay, what is Some of you lay the foundation more, these frivolous and profitof discase by assuming an unnaless pursuits scem but too often tural and wasp-like shape, some to be not only the main, but the sole objects of your life, and many wear tight shoes, some learn to dress well, others sing, play, paint an Indian Belle, night repeat, with more truth than the original graceful carriage, and elegant or draw; while a few acquire a speaker, the last words of a great and good manmanners; and one possessing all the above perfections is considered "Ehen perdidi vitam, operose nihil agendo." Alas ! I have wasted life, ever busy in doing by you yourselves as a finished nothing. woman, and a charming creature. Nor is it to your employments But woe be to the unhappy man alone that the reproach of frivo who wins best, unless, and how lity attaches, your very gouls seem seldom is it the case in India, she * I may say en parenthese, that 1000 per mensen is generally considered to be marri. ago heat, while even two fifty is fair flirting temperature, to keep the hand in, when nothing clse offers. Of the remainder, for one who looks for those virtues and qualities in a hus. band, which are necessary to make home really happy, at least a hundred marry for agreeable and witty manners, a handsome person, or even good dancing | Alas! alas ! husbanda cense to be unny to their wives, (it is too much trouble); and the smoothest path of married life can hardly be walized over with confort!

·A few Words to the Ladies. 337 has far solider qualifications for that the mind, which, instead of making a good wife. attempting to improve itself, de- It is needless to multiply in votes all its little energies to the stances. We have, we think, said adornment of the person, wheenough to prove our assertion ther by dress, or mere accomplishthat, as a general rule, in all you ments, and that shows in every do and all you say, you never go thought and deed, that these are below the surface, whether in the objects of its greatest admiraforming yourselves, or in judging tion in others, is a mind no longer of others, and that therefore your but in name; a mere shadow of life is but too often frittered away, what it might, of what it ought to without real pleasure to yourbe. selves, or profit to your fellows. Let no one misunderstand what Many of you who have not we say ; we do not object to a labeen accustomed to look at the dy beautifying her person ; far subject in this light will, we doubt from it, we think it a duty which not, consider this last sentence women owe to society, to be as great nonsense ; all we ask of handsome as they possibly can; those who feel inclined to do so, is nor would we prohibit the acquirethat they will reflect calmly on ment of those graceful accomthe pursuits and daily avocations plishments, which so often serve of themselves and of their inti to wile away pleasantly a tedimate friends, and then answer tru ous hour; none would regret the ly, whether the account given by loss of these more than ourselves : my fair correspondent of one day's but what we do protest against is occupations, is not pretty nearly making these, which ought to be an epitome of the whole life of minor matters, not only the chief, nine-tenths of their sex in India. but the only objects of life ; and And if so, can any amount of to do so seems to us as absurd as such frivolities in which the to attempt to build a whole ship mind, the heart, at best, can have out of the material, which is only little share, satisfy the cravings intended to make its flags. of happiness of an immortal soul ; The dance, the song, the gracecan the performance of such be ful robe, are excellent in their its mission in this world, or tend way, and none would blame a lato purify, elevate, or in any way, dy for attending to them careful. prepare it for another? ly; indeed she is bound, in as far Still more, not only do you not as she can, to do 80; but at the enjoy yourselves as you might, or same time the cultivation of her do good to others as you could mind, her heart, (for the heart is do, but you actually encourage susceptible of training) and the acextravagance and recklessness, quirement of those qualities which by your evident fondness for dis may fit her best to become the play, whether of person or profriend and companion, and not alone perty, and by evincing steadily the plaything of her husband, how far more you value this, should be her chief occupation. than any excellence of mind or -- Cultivate our minds," I think heart. I hear some of you say, and But enough ; you must feel, pray, would not you men be ready when thus pointed out to you, to laugh at us, and cry, us down ·338 4 few Words to the Ladies. as blue stockings ?" Dear ladies, believe us, that much as we disthat word is, I know, a great bug like it, equally much do we adbear, but you must understand mire and respect the first class that there is more than one spe which we described, and therefore cies of blue stockingism, and that no lady need be deterred from so far from all being odious to making the most of the abilities men, one kind invariably claims or intellect with which nature our highest respect. Perhaps how has gifted her, by the fear of ever I had better define the three incurring the ridicule of those classes clearly, as I know that the to whom she naturally looks up. generality of mankind have been It is not the culture of the mind too much used to confound them which we dislike, but its unneall together. cessary parade; it is not a woman's 1st. Where a lady, by careful talents or information that we study, has acquired the most va- laugh at, but her anxious endealuable thoughts of those who have vours to exhibit them on all ocgone before her, and has added casions ! her own reflections thereto, but So much for blue-stockingism; nevertheless making no show of it is a word which has done much her knowledge, only suffers you barm in its time, and which we to learn how extensive it is from hope to outlive, for from being incidental allusions, or from the a sign-post to warn the fair sex soundness of her judgment and against affected parasites of knowideas, on whatever subjects she ledge, whether real or pretended, may be led to converse on. it has become a scare-girl, (if I This species of blue stockingism may use the term,) to frighten is the brightest charm which thern from educating themselves. woman can possess; and when But to return: it is not only united with feminine modesty and cultivation of mind which you delicacy, is irresistible. neglect, but even not unfrequent- The 2nd division includes cases, ly those very accomplishments where a fair one having acquired which are most useful aſter marconsiderable information, takes riage, though they doubtless make every opportunity of exhibiting it, least show before. and though we may, it is true, laugh What say you to house-keeping, at her, it is not because she has a what say you to a little study of cultivated, well-stored mind, but Soyers' pregnant pages ? Is it a because her silly vanity leads her little matter to know how to to make a show and parade of it. make the most of a small income ? 3rdly. And these, alas ! are the Is it a small thing to be able to instances which most frequently create a blameless tart or an iroccur. We have ladies, who with reproachable pudding? Truly no; out the slightest real claim, are in ninety-nine cases out of a hunfor ever making absurd preten- dred, that home will be happisions to acquirements, which they er, where these two accomplishnever possessed. ments guide the mistress's hand, This last kind of blue-stockings than where is the finest voice, is detestable, and justly meets with or the most perfect dancing. the ridicule of their own as well The latter are, what few can do as our sex ; but at the same time more than imperfectly acquire ;

·A few Words to the Ladies. 339 sex the former all can be perfect in, Our object has been to show and yet, by a strange perversity that the influence of the female of disposition, they are just what depends mainly on the scarcely any one takes the trouamount of respect or esteem with ble to know any thing about, till which they inspire us, and that that knowledge is forced on them there are many too prevalent by experience dearly bought. failings, (of which we have We do not of course mean to instanced frivolity as one) which say, when alluding to the culinary tend to diminish thcsc feelings. art, that we should wish to see Furthermore, we have endeavourourladies, like those of the natives, ed to prove that the main objects reduced to cook for thcir lords and of a lady's life ought not to be, masters, but in a country like In- (as they almost universally are in dia, where servants have to be India) the adornment of the pertaught how to do every thing pro son, or the acquisition of accomperly, and where people are so plishments fitted chiefly for dig. often resident at lonely out-of-the- play in society, but rather the way places, we maintain that a lacultivation of the mind, (which dy should know how to make eve may qualify them to become the ry ordinary dish, and be able to do advisers in difficulty, as well as it well herself. the companions in pleasure, of But enough ; it is ours rather their husbands,) and proficiency to point out the direction of the in those domestic arts, which, proper course, than to map its though the exercise of them may whole extent ; and, as we have not tend to gratify their vanity, already given a gencral outline of will yet do much to banish care what should be avoided and what and trouble from their household, adopted, under the head chosen and make their home, even though for illustration in the present pait be in India, a happy one. per, we shall conclude it at once, with a brief re-capitulation. AUGUSTUS HOWARD. a ·[ 340 ] THE MAN-HUNTER'S MOAN ! " MATRIMONY.-A LADY, thirty, of quiet mild disposition, very musical, wishes to FORM an ALLIANCE with a kind-hearted, intelligeut, intellectual, elderly ENGLISH GENTLEMAN, about sixty, of decided evangelical principles : he must have at least 4001, a-year. The lady is not at present in possession of any property, but being very domesticated, would feel a pleasure in rendering home happy and agreeable. Should this meet the eye of a gentleman as described, an answer the following week in the Sunday Times to Alpha, and where to address, will oblige.--It is sincerely hoped such a character only will reply." 1. HORRID steamer, clacking, sailing, O’er the nasty frothy sea; Hear, oh hear, my mournful wailing, From this isle of fair Jersey. 2. Mother's jeering, sneers, reproaches, Worry me from hour to hour; Other dames in yellow coaches, Sport triumphant orange flower ! 3. "Prospects" great, and riches plenty, Ma holds out as marriage lures ; But a girl of five-and-twenty, Disappointments oft endures. 4. The lads are told, but won't believe, I've five thousand in the Bank ; Would a matron sly deceive, Gentle youths with army rank? 5. Ensigns all are very knowing, (For the old rogues teach the young,) On the widows rich bestowing, Honied praise, with lavish tongue.

·The Man Hunter's Moan. 341 6. Jointures fat, with wretches bulky, They prefer to maiden's smiles ; Captains grow both shy and sulky, Courting Tin, not Cupid's wiles. 7. Majors too resist temptations, (All my cunning schemes miscarry,) For in spite of strong flirtations, They would rather die than marry. 8. Colopels pensioned, bald, decrepid, (So galling is my mother's rule,) Vulgar, toothless, blind, and stupid... But not one would play the fool ! 9. France I've traversed, London seasons, Pic nics, flower shows, archery ; I've tried by turns, from urgent reasons, Ogling, sighing, witchery ! 10. Every ball from dark till sunrise, Polkas, valtzes, gallopes dance, Ready ever, with my bright eyes, Some green victim to entrance. 11. While my woes to young men telling, Pearly tears roll down my cheek, And my tender bosom's swelling, While I sympathy bespeak ! 12. " Black cats surely have black kittens," They mutter softly as they go ; Looking down I tear my mittens, Tripteyents my saying -No! {

·342
The Man Hunter's Moan.
13.
Widows wrinkled, virgins silly,
To St. Saviour's wend their way ;
Why must I then, nilly, willy,
Be victimized by such delay ?
14.
Suitors rich will find me willing,
How is it they never come ?
Although they'll find l've not a shilling,
I'll guarantee a happy home!
wwwwww

·Selections and Translations. A WEEK IN PARIS, IN FEBRUARY 1848. LETTER NO. V. Paris, February 25th, 1848. the sovereign people. Yet so it is. To the storm of yesterday has No longer, if we are to credit the succeeded a comparative calm. A inflated bulletins of the Government, perfect multitude of well dressed or the Utopian visions of the ultrapersons has crowded the Boulevards, republicans, no longer will the and the principal scenes of hostili- 6 dark unfathomed caves of ocean ties, and the city, has presented the conceal the gems of pureet ray appearance of some extraordinary serene”-no longer will “ chill pegala day. The magnificent barri nury, or hopeless ignorance, becades and the smouldering guard numb the intellectual powers that houses formed the great objects of at lie dormant beneath the tattered traction, while an immense mass of blouse- -no longer will the accidents people gratified their curiosity by of birth or fortune regulate the fuvisiting the apartments of the l'uile ture career of the free-born child ries, and viewing the work of de but the “ ample page" of knowledge vastation. Could a stranger, ignowill be unfolded before the eyes of rant of the events of the preceding all, the rich promises of youthful three days, have suddenly been placed genius will be fulfilled, the fruitful in the streets of Paris, he would have germs of thought will be developed, little deemed that a mighty revolution and merit will form the only distincwas in progress, one destined to exer tion between the children of the new cise a boundless influence over the Republic, whose inotto is " Liberty, future destinies of Europe. Sur Equality, Fraternity," swords of prised he might have been to see so inighty import, but hard to be unmany armed inen, and to hear such derstood, and more so to be reduced frequent reports of fire arms; nor to practice! could he easily have reconciled with I will now give you some idea of the his pre-conceived notions of French acts of the prorisional Government, sobriety, the number of tipsy vaga and as I proceed will briefly comment bonds he encountered at the corner on their probable tendency. Many of every street ; but still he would of these proclamations appeared last have little dreamed that only twenty night, but to avoid confusion, I shall four hours previously these very view them as belonging to this day. men were engaged in deadly conflict The first proclamation announced with the disciplined hosts of a power the formation of a Provisional Goful monarch, and that now, in spite vernment, sanctioned by the unaof their rags, their emaciated looks, nimous acclamations of the people, and staggering gait, they were the and declared the unity of the nation, masters of all, the rulers of France, the equality of all classes, the abolin VOL. I.-NO. Y.

·cxxvi A Week in Paris, in February 1848. tion of privileges, and the democran declaring that henceforward justice cy of France. Merited praises are shall be rendered in the name of bestowed on the conduct of the Na the French people. It is thus intional Guard, in which body every deed that all the proclamations are citizen is henceforth invited to enrol headed, and every official placard on himself. The Chamber of Deputies the walls bears for its superscription has been dissolved, the Peerage ut these words, so flattering to the poterly abolished, and a National As- pular vanity- Au Nom du Peuple Bembly is to be convoked as soon as Français. The direction of the the necessary measures have been Fine Arts and the management of taken to ensure order and universal the Museums will constitute a new suffrage. The people are called up division of the Ministry of the Inteon to retain their arms and husband rior, and the Exhibition of the pretheir ammunition, becausc the enemy sent year will be opened as usual is still at the gates; nor are the bar on the 15th of March. Twentyricades to be levelled before the forts four battalions of National Guards in the neighbourhood of Paris have for active service are to be recruited surrendered, and their garrisons from Paris and the Banlieues, and given in their adhesion. Papers, will form an effective of 25,000 men, payable at the Hôtel de Ville, are clothed and armed at the cost of the issued by the Commanding Officers country, and paid at the rate of of the National Guard to the armed thirty sous per diem. The National men of the people, and all bakers Guards, dissolved by the former and dealers in provisions are requir Government, are re-organized, and ed to accept the same in payment. all civil, judicial, and adininistrative Groups of men have consequently functionaries are released from their beseiged these shops, and borne oath. Political prisoners are ordered away on the points of their bayonets to be immediately set at liberty, and loaves of bread, hams, tongues, meat, the country adopts the children of and even delicacies. One-fifth of those who have fallen in the late the entire quantity of bread baked struggle. Boxes are placed in all the is required to be furnished to the leading thoroughfares to receive the bearers of these checks. The work inites of the charitable au bénéfice des ing classes are guaranteed a sufficient blessés, and the Republic further amount of labour, and are hence charges itself with the duty of renforth entitled to form associations dering prompt and efficient assistance for the organization of labour ; and to them and to their families. The to them is further resigned the Tuileries are assigned as an asylum for monthly instalment of one million invalided workmen, and on the stone of francs which falls in from the civil posts supporting the railing the palist. The , Garrison, of the Fort of lace is now designated as the Hótel Vincennes has acknowledged the des Invalides Civils, while some mis- Government of the Republic, and chievous rogues have scratched on the Electric Telegraph has notified the outer walls-Maison à louer pour the formal adhcsion of the principal cause de faillite, and Apartements à places in the vicinity. The ariny louer ; le locataire est chassé à cause is invited to "swear love to the de non-payement.--All objects pledgpeople," and fidelity to its new in ed at the Mont-de-Piété since the stitutions, in order that the union first of February, such as linen, for a moment interrupted may be re clothes, and small articles, and for established on the basis of brotherly which a less sum than ten francs has love. Circulars have been des been advanced, are to be returned patched to the different prorincial to the depositors, and the expense Prefecte, directing them to proclaim is to be provided for by the Ministhe republican government, and the ter of Finance. The business of Court of Cassation, the highest tri the Government is to be thus transbunal in France, has passed a decree acted ·A Week in Paris, in February 1848. сxxvi M. Dupont (de l'Eure) is named and so varied have been the princi- Provisional President of the Council. pal acts of the provisional govern- M. de Lamartine, Provisional Mi ment since their installation into nister of Foreign Affairs. office. Considering the difficulties M. Crémieux, Provisional Minis that surround, and the exceedingly ter of Justice. urgent nature of the business that M. Ledru-Rollin, Provisional Mi presses upon them, as well as the nister of the Interior. discordant elements with which they M. Michel Goudchaux, Provi have to found a new order of things, sional Minister of Finance. it must be admitted that they have General Subervie, Provisional exhibited much prudence and des- Minister of War. patch, two qualities not always M. Carnot, Provisional Minister allied. Three of these acts, inof Public Instruction, including Pub deed, are open to controversy ; lic Worship for though expedient at the moment, M. Bethinont, Provisional Minis I fear they will lead to much emfer of Commerce. barrassment. I allude to the over- M. Marie, Provisional Minister of liberal supply of food, the redemp- Public Works. tion of pawned clothing, and the General Cavaignac, Governor-Ge- military organization of the armed neral of Algeria. vagabonds. It is calculated that M. Garnier Pagès, Mayor of Paris, thesc checks, issued from the Hotel with Messrs. Guinart and Recurt for de Ville, will annount to at least Deputies. 100,000 francs, or £4,000 per diem, Colonel de Courtais, Commander an expense which the present low in-Chief of the Garde Nationale, state of the finances cannot long M. Flotard, Secretary-General. support. The Mont-de-Piété will M. Marc Caussidiere, Prefect of absorb a further sum of 700,000 Police, which office is now placed francs, or £28,000, without affordunder the dependence of the Mayor ing any general satisfaction, for of Paris. already it is asked why extend this M. Etienne Arago, Post-Master- indulgence to those only who have General, and richly has he deserved deposited their pledges since the this honor by the devoted humanity indiscriminately whose loans do not first of the month, and not to all with which at the risk of his life he exceed ten francs. But the formapreserved fifty of the Municipal tion of the new corps, called the Guard in the Rue Bourg-l'Abbé from Garde Nationale Mobilę, lies open the fury of the populace, and also by his extraordinary exertions to desto many scrious objections. In the first place, exclusive of the outlay patch the mails, notwithstanding the required for equipping these sang-cunumerous barricades that intercepted luttes heroes, their diurnal pay will their free passage. The Indian Mail was not detained an hour beyond francs a week. Then, it appears amount to £1,500, or above 260,000 the usual time. very uncertain how far it may The Municipal Guard has been please these gentry to leave the exdissolved, and the maintenance of citement of the metropolis and prothe public order confided to the Na ceed to a distant frontier, which few tional Guard conjointly with the of them imagine to be above two armed men of the people. Colonel or three days' march from Paris. Dumoulin, formerly Aide-de-Camp And should they choose to remain to the Emperor, has been nominated here, notwithstanding the flattering Governor of the Louvre, and Super ussurance that they shall form the intendent of the National Gallery; vangyard of the army in the event and M. St. Amand, Captain of the of a war, who can estimate the First Legion, is named Commandant frightful consequences of having a of the Chateau des Tuileries. Such well trained corps of lawless yagam ·EIIviii A Week in Paris, in February 1848. soine. . 99 bonds in the heart of the capital, tors wrote in chalk on the door or ready to execute any nefarious lower shutters Armes données, and deed in the name of liberty and at thus secured the inmates from furthe suggestion of any unprincipled ther intrusion. In many instances and violent demagogue ? A moit happened that valuable fowling ment's tranquillity has certainly been pieces thus fell into the hands of gained, but even this may be too the mob, to-day numbers of them dearly purchased, and future ex have been returned to their owners cesses may cause our rulers to la with hearty thanks. A person rement that they placed such formid siding at Passy received å doiniciliable power in the hands of those ary visit of this kind, and replied to who are only too willing to abuse it. the usual demand, that he had no The only attempt at creating a dis arins, and that they were at liberty turbance this day has been made by to search his apartments. " In that some thirty or forty ruffians, who case you must give us money to buy must not be confounded with the Fifty francs were handed people, but who threatened to de orer, and the troop departed. In a stroy the printing and other ma few minutes they returned, and to chines. These excesses, however, his astonishment gave him back his were soon suppressed, and a letter money, saying that on reflection was addressed by the Editors of the it appeared to them too much like a Atelier, or working-man's journal, theft. Another band waited on the to their counrades, calling upon them Duchess d'Elchingen bent on the to protect machinery, and remind same errand. They were conducting them that it was not thence their ed into an apartment, and shown a sufferings took their origin, but brace of pistols and a sword. “These from an egotistical and improvi are my only arms," she exclaimed, dent government. Indecd nothing * they were those of Marshal Ney. could be more orderly than the ge They are relics dear to our family. neral bearing of the people, and The fine fellows bowed themselves had the shops and magazines been reverently, and instantly withdrew. opened, my firm opinion is that the Exhausted with hunger and fatigue, great majority of the working class a poor artizan entered a house, and es would have been found at their begged for something to eat. Cold posts. It is really surprising how chicken, wine, and bread, were placed easily any little ebullition before him. “ Thank you," said he, checked. A large mass set out for "a morselof bread and a glass of water Vincennes. On the way a citizen are enough for me. Until I can find demanded-—"Have you an order employment, I ask for no more." from the provisional government ?" In the palace of the Tuileries many “ No," was the reply. articles of great value were collected have no right to proceed." and guarded by men in rags. Totrue,"cried the mob, "we must have day one of these men asked M. Basan order, " and they immediately tide to procure him some bread, sayturned back. Yesterday I spoke in ing that they had been forgotten warm terms of the courage display since yesterday, and that they were ed by the people in combat, I must now really exhausted for want of now relato one or two incidents food. On being pressed to give his in favor of their chivalrous honesty. name, he declined-adding, On Thursday morning, and indeed have merely done our duty. To-moron the preceding Wednesday, arms Tow we shall be able to earn our own were demanded at every house, livelihood—but as we cannot work not in a threatening or brutal man to-day, we are obliged to beg some ner, but with much gentleness of bread of you." And these men tone. When these were given, or were the sole guardians of convertiit appeared that there were none ble property amounting to thousands in the house, the unwelcome visi of pounds. was " Then you " It is 16 We ·A Week in Paris, in February 1848. To the robber the people were inexorable, and this morning I saw eight poor wretches, who had been taken en flagrant délit, paraded through the streets previous to being shot. It is true that this summary kind of justice is rather dangerous in the hands of a mob, but for the moment some such terrible examples are absolutely necessary. In a day or two justice will have resumed her usual course, and then we shall hear no more of this inodification of Lynch law. Last night the Palais Royal was discovered to be on fire, but by the exertions of the Pompiers, aided by the people, all danger was speedily at an end. Some fears were also entertained for the Louvre. A party of young inen had ainused themselves by drawing into the Place du Carousel one of the royal carriages that were burning in the Place du Palais Royal. it Let us burn these shops," cried one of them, pointing to the two rows of wood-constructed booths that line the road to the Louvre. "Stay, stay, my friends, exclaimed aby-stander, "you will set fire to the Museum." In a moment the flaming carriage was removed to a distance, and left to consumo away to ashes like the power of its late master. Though the people have pronounced the extinction of the Peerage, I am not aware that any insults have been offered to individual members of that illustrious body. Yesterday, while Victor Hugo was attempting to address a crowd collected in the Place Royale, some persons began to hoot and hiss, crying out" He is one of the Peers !" "I know nothing about that," exclaimed a man in a blouse," but I do know that he is a great man." The fickle minds of the rabble veered about, and cheers succeeded to groans. A crowd had assembled last night in the Rue Richelieu round a placard filled with gross invectives against the ex-King. A gentleman, who was passing, thus addressed them- My friends, a great people ought to respect misfortunc. right," was thc reply, a generous people must not tarnish its victory, and the placard was instantly tora down. Much that is truly great, generous, and noble, is concealed under this rude exterior, and requires only to be cultivated to shine forth brilliantly—but how far will this answer the purpose of aspiring vnd selfish democrats ? 6 You are LETTER NO. VI. Paris, February 26th, 1848. I regret to inform you that excesses have been committed in the neighbourhood of this city during the course of yesterday. About 7 in the evening the Château do Neuilly was discovered to be in flames, and a band of ruffians attempted to destroy and pillage its valuable contents. However by the exertions of the National Guard, under the direction of two students of the Polytechnic School, the pictures, library, and plate-the latter estimated at 1,200,000 francs were safely removed and conveyed to the Mairie. A frightful punishment overtook nearly a hundred of these bandits. While one party ravaged the apartments, another forced their way into the cellars, where they speedily became so intoxicated that they were unable to make their escape, and all miserably perished in the flames, or by suffocation. A pavilion and a part of one wing are now alone standing. Still greater damage was done to the Railways. Many of the rails were taken up on the Amiens line to prevent the arrival of fresh troops, but on the Havre line the destruction has been really distressing. Sereral bridges have been broken down under the pretext that they were constructed by English workmen, but more probably the mischief may be attributed to the navigators on the Seine, whose occupation has been ·CXXX A Week in Paris, in February 1848. mous. almost entirely absorbed by the Rail announcing that a mass for the dead road. It is calculated that £150,000 will be celcbrated to-morrow, and a will hardly repair the losses of the collection made in the churches for St. Germain Railway, and that the the benefit of their families. After the different lines will together demand mass will be sung the Dominc salvam an outlay of nearly half a million fac Francorum gentem, and Deus, a before the damages thus sustained quo sancta desideria, &c. &c. One discan be entirely made good. The tinctive mark of the late Revolution Château of M. Rothschild at Surène is calculated to inspire general confihas also been set on fire, under the dence. A proper veneration for erroneous impression that it was roy religion and sacred things has hial property. Against this wealthy therto been manifested, and even in banker individually there exists no the midst of the intoxication of suicill-will--and most unjust would such cess, on entering the chapel of the a feeling be, for not only has he sub Tuileries a magnificent figure of scribed 50,000 francs for the relief Christ on the cross attracted the ad. of the wounded, but has intimated miration of all. Mes amis, exclaimed to the authorities his intention to ful a pupil of the Polytechnic School, fill the contract made with the late voila notre maitre a tous ! saluons le Government, though his loss by this Christ ! Every head was uncovered, transaction cannot fail to be enor every knen bent, and in solemn pro- The other bankers of Paris cession the holy emblem was conhave not proved deficient in charity, veyed to the church of St. Roch, and the sum of 200,000 francs was while the by-standers formed into two speedily subscribed. Indeed, the lines to allow it to pass, crying out wounded appear to be in a fair way Chapcaur bas ! saluez le Christ? A of being the greatest gainers by the pleasing sight might also have been Revolution. In their favor arc to beheld to-day. À procession of labe the first representations at the dies including Mde. Lamartine, Theatres': in their favor concerts Mde. Mallet, the Princess de Beauare announced; in their favor many veau, the Duchess de Marmier, and trades-people set aside the proceeds the Marchioness de Vareilles, each of their business during a given holding a child by either hand, passed time; in their favor coaches, cabs, from the Rue de la Paix to the Hôtel and omnibuses convey their pasde Ville. The object was to place the sengers for the day ; and finally charitable institutions for children in their favor subscription lists under the patronage of the are every where suspended, and at tion, and in this benevolent design every turn the charitable pedes- the ladies completely succeeded. trian encounters the sou-beseeching Amongst the men who accompanied spectacle tronc, pour les blessés. The them were a Catholic Curé, a Jewish total number of the wounded is Rabbi, and a Protestant Minister, stated at 600, but of these nearly one walking hand-in-hand. Banners hundred are soldiers. The loss of were displayed bearing the inscripthe Municipal Guard was about fifty tions-The union of all religions killed, and twenty or thirty soldiers for charity: Maternal cducation ; Let of the line were also slain; of the little children come unto me, &c. &c., people there fell above three hun- and a lively sympathy was expressed dred. The Archbishop, arrayed in by the spectators. Another proceshis pontifical robes and attended by sion was composed of the Poles rehis grand vicars and many of the siding in Paris and the environs, clergy, has this day visited the Hotel headed by General Dwernicki, the Dieu, and the hospitals of La Charité taker of cannons, as he is termed by and Beaujon. His presence diffused his countrymen. These worthies universál satisfaction, and the utmost were received by M. David, Mayor of respect was paid to him. A pastor- the Eleventh Arrondissement, whom w letter has also been published, they warmly congratulated on the na- ·A Week in Paris, in February 1848. сxxxi valour displayed by his countrymen, limbs and endeavoured to snatch a and then concluded by offering to brief repose. The Drapeau Rouge, enrol themselves into a legion, to be the symbol of Communism, was suddesignated La Légion Polonaise and denly displayed from the Hotel de to consist of 700 men. This offer is Ville, and a dense crowd of armed said to have been declined. men rushed into the corridors. The The Minister of War has addressed moment was trying in the extreme a circular to the Commanding Off on it depended the safety of the nation. cers of military divisions, in which Poor old Dupont de l'Eure twice he enjoins them to assemble the fainted away from the heat and extroops under their command, and citement. proclain the new government. They are also called upon to send in their The ultra-radicals were of opinion formal adhesion, and to maintain that the popular will was their best the discipline of the army. A well and only guide, and the more timid mcrited compliment has also been of the others seemed disposed to paid to the young men of the Mi make any concessions that would inlitary schools, to whom is further sure their personal safety, if but for intrusted the superintendence of the a moment. But Lamartine was equal exccution of the decrees relating to to the crisis. Neither threats nor the provisionment of Paris, and to entreaties influenced him. He rethe opening of the barricades, so as inained inflexible, and saved Paris to allow free circulation without from pillage, France from the horrors compromising the defence of the of a civil war. With his arms crosscapital. It is satisfactory to know ed on his breast he calmly awaited that there is a sufficient supply of until the agitation had subsided, reflour for at least one month. The gardless of's words and bayonets that pupils of the colleges have not been glanced across his brow. The mob forgotten amid the general rejoicing, are ever cowards at heart, and like and two days holidays are to be giv wild beasts are easily tamed by the en to them at the request of the unflinching eye of the truly brave. Minister of Public Instruction. The Lamartine at last made himself residences of the fallen dynasty are hcard, and the victory of the man to be sold, and the proceeds allotted over the brute was at once decided. to the revival and encouragement of " You demand the red flag in the trade and commerce. In the meanplace of the tricolor! I, for one, will time all good citizens are reminded never adopt the red flag, and I will that they are National Property. tell you in a word why I will oppose These words are being inscribed on inyself to it with all the force of my all public buildings, not even ex patriotism. It is, Citizens, because cepting churches, as well as the re the tricolor flag, has made the tour publican device, Liberty, Equality, of the world, under the Republic Fraternity, and above all floats the and the Empire, with your liberties tricolor flag. For this, indeed, and your glories; while the red France and the common cause of flag has made only the tour of the humanity is deeply indebted to the Champ de Mars, dragged through firmness and eloquence of M. de torrents of the people's blood." Lamartine. Five times during the These words were electric The day did he harangue the people, and arms that had been uplifted to strike again and again did they crowd were now thrown round him; tears around to catch his glowing words. bedewed the cheeks of many; and For eight and forty hours the mem the tricolor flag was proclaimed bers of the provisional government the banner of the Republic. The had remained at their post. A few Gallic cock is also to be retained. camp beds had been laid down in Who, you will ask, were the read the hall where they deliberated, and authors of this . tumult? Without on these they threw their wearied hesitation I reply, Ledru Rollin, ·сxxxії A Week in Paris, in February 1848. Crémieux, Flocon, and the other reason and tranquillity, they were meinbers of that gang. They it was resolved at all hazards to create and who caused the butchery on the perpetuate & commotion. A pistol Boulevards on Wednesday. Seeing was fired at the Military, and in the peaceful turn that things had imagined self-defence a volley was taken, and knowing their own utter poured into the inoffensive mob. insignificance under the reign of You are incredulous ? LETTER NO. VII. Paris, February 27th, 1848. huge mass of human beings slowly The great event of the day has been moved up the Boulevards, vibrating the inauguration of the Republic. Yeg with emotion and presenting a most terday afternoon the members of the imposimg sight. provisional government presented Religion has also consecrated the themselves to the people on the new form of government, and a flight of steps leading up to the solemn mass has been sung for the principal entrance of the Hotel de souls of the dead, who fell in their Ville, and M. Lamartine holding a country's cause. In the Cathedral paper in his hand, eloquently ad Church of Notre Dame the Abbé dressed the crowd. He announced Lacordaire commenced his Lent serthe abolition of royalty, the estab mons, and began by thanking the lishment of the Republic, the poli Archbishop for his catholic and coutical rights of the people, the con rageous us conduct. He then proceeded struction of national workshops for to prove from the divine oracles how labourers, out of employ; the reorga the imınortality of the Church and nization of the Army; the union of the sanctity of oaths may neverthethe National Guard with the people, less be reconciled with the changes and finally the abolition of death effected by God in the social condifor political offences. To-day the tion of the world by means of human great work has been consuinmated. agency. Hurried away by the im- The members of the Government, pilse of the moment, the Dominican the Judges, and other official per Jaboring to prove the existence of sonages, attended by the National the Dcity, suddenly exclaimed : Guard, the pupils of the Military “ Prove to you God! Were I to schools, and a countless multitude attempt to do so, you might well call of spectators, proceeded from the me parricide and sacrilegious! If I Hotel de Ville to the Place de la dared to undertake to demonstrate Bastille, and there, amid the glad to you God, the gates of this Cathestrains of music and the enthusias dral would open of themselves, and tic shouts of the people, proclaimed show you this people superb in its the French Republic and the reco anger, carrying God to his altar with very of their liberty. Messrs. Ara respect and adoration !" At this go and Crémieux were the two ora passage an enthusiastic cry escaped tors of the occasion, and the vener the auditory, forgetful of the sanctiable President also pronounced a ty of the place, and carried away by few simple energetic words. On the inpassioned eloquence of the the conclusion of his brief address, preacher. M. Arago stepped forward and ex From all quarters adhesion to the claimed Citizen, eighty years new government hourly arrive, and of a pure and patriotic life have just men of all opinions hasten to tender spoken to you." Deafening cheers their services to their country. This for Dupont de l'Fute rent the air, is well, as it will tend to tranquillize until the latter replied by crying, the minds of the people, and Chris- Vive la République : At length the tian charity demands that we place ceremony was concluded, and one the best construction on the actions of ·The Queen of Spades. сxxxiii our neighbours. Tomorrow the shops will be re-opened, and business will resume its foriner course, at least in outward appearances ; but, alas! the sources of prosperity are dried up, and blank despair sits on the countenances of the cominercial classes. For a while, tranquillity will no doubt prevail, and time will thus be afforded for sowing the germs of order, and securing the fulure safety of the nation. Fortunately, the candidates for the throne are men of such ordinary calibre, and such mediocre talents, that little apprehension is excited by their ambitious pretensions. It is therefore possible that a true republic may yet be exhibited to the world, and in the multitude of councillors Atrength and wisdom may be found. At present, though few profess much faith in the divine right of kings, there are many who doubt the infallibility of the people, and refuse to recognize in its_voice, the dictates of the Deity. Time, the great solver of riddles, and time alone, will read to us this enigina. For my own part, I pretend not to be an dipus, but have contented myself with sketching a faint outline of the strange events that will render the past week for ever memorable in history. My task is now completed, and I hasten to lay down my pen, conscious to myself that I have nothing extenuated, nor set down aught in malice. THE QUEEN OF SPADES. ( Froin the Trunslation by Prosper Mérinee, of the Original Russian Tale, by Pushkin.) CHAPTER I. 97 more They had been playing deep at the quarters of Naronmof, a Lieutenant in the Imperial Guards; a long winter's night had passed unperceived, and it was five in the morning when supper was served. The winners sat down to tabl ehungry; the losers contented themselves with empty plates. However, by degrees, as the champagne went round, the conversation became animated and general. “What luck have you had to-night Jowime?" asked the master of the house of one of his companions. “ My usual luck. I stick to my old game, and of course I've lost." "What, you've not once tried the red the whole evening? Well, your perseverance is more than I can comprehend." o What do you think of Hermann," said one of the guesta, pointing to a young Engineer Officer, “that fellow has never touched a card in his life, and yet VOL. 1.NO. V. he watches us playing till five in the morning." “The game interests me," said Hermann, " but I am not one to risk the necdful for the superfluous." “ Hermann is a German; he is economical, that's all," cried Tomski. “ But my grandmother, the Countess Anna Fedotoona, is a much wonderful person." “How 80,"asked his friends." Have you not remarked," continued Tomski, "that she never plays ?" "Well, I must confess," said Naronmof, that a woman of eighty who does not play is a wonder." " You do not know why." “ No; is there a reaoi Indeed there is ; I must tell you that some sixty years ago my grandmother paid a visit to Paris, and created a sensation. Every one wanted to see the Muscovite Venus. Richelieu paid court to her, and my grandmother declared that her obduracy nearly made bira son ?"

·CXXXIV The Queen of Spades. But, my blow out his brains in despair. In that perhaps he might lend her the those days Faro was the ladies' money she required, and sent him game. One evening, playing at a note, begging him to come to her. Court, she lost on credit a very con The old sorcerer hastened over, and siderable sum to the Duke of Or found her plunged in despair. In a leans. As soon as she had returned few words she described her posihome, my grandmother took off her tion, told him her misfortunes and patches, undid her hoops, and in this her husband's cruelty, adding that tragical costume went and recount her sole hope lay in his kindness and ed her mishaps to my grandfather, friendship. After a few minutes reflecwinding up her story by demanding tion Saint Germain said," Madame, the money to discharge her debts. I could easily lend you the money My late grandfather was a sort of you want, but I know you would not steward to his wife. He feared her rest in peace until you have repaid like the devil, but this time the sum me, and I will not save you from one she asked made him jump. IIe flew trouble to plunge you into another. into a passion, proved to her that in There is one way of freeing yourself. six months she had spent half a mil -win back the money." lion. He told her plumply that his dear Count," said my grandmother, villages of Moskou and Saratof were “I have already told you I have not not in Paris, and concluded by re a pistole left." “ You do not require fusing the money. You may fancy one," replied Saint Germain, “ only my grandmother's indignation. She listen to me.' Then he revealed to gave him a box on the ear, and slept her-a secret that each of you, I am alone that night as a convincing sure, would pay high for." All the proof of her resentment. The folyoung men were fixed in the deepest lowing morning she came back to attention to the speaker's words. the charge, and for the first time Tomski stopped to light his pipe, in her life she deigned to give him tightened his sword belt, and went reasons and explanations. But it was “ The same evening my grandin vain that she tried to prove to her mother went to Versailles to play at husband that there are debts which the Queen's table. The Duke of are debts, and that one can't beat a Orleans held the Bank. My grandprince as one would a coachman. mother had a story ready to excuse All her eloquence was thrown away; herself for not having paid him her my grandfather was inflexible : my debt, and then sat down to play. grandmother was at her wit's ends. She chose three cards : the first Fortunately she knew a person who won ; she doubled her stake on the was at that time at the height of his second, and won again; doubled again reputation. You have heard of the on the third, and in short won more Count of Saint Gennain, of whom so than enough to pay her debts glorimany strange stories are told. You ously, 66 Mere chance," said one know that he gave himself out to be of the young Officers. a sort of Wandering Jew, the disco fiction," cried Hermann. They verer of the Philosopher's stone, and were preconcerted cards then," said the Elixir of life. Some laughed at a third. “I do not think so," Tomhim as & quack, Casanova in his ski gravely answered. “What," exmemoirs asserts him to have been a claimed Naronmof, "you have a spy. However that may be, not grandmother who knows three winwithstanding the mystery attached ning cards, and you have never disto his life, Saint Germain's ingratiat covered what they are. " Ah!" ing manners made him welcomed there's the infernal part of it," said in the best society. To this day Tomski. “ She had four sons, one my grandmother has a lively affec of whom was my father. Three tion for him, and fushes up red were desperate gamblers, not one as fire when his name is men succeeded in getting the secret doned disrespectfully. She thought from her. But listen to what my on. " What a ·The Queen of Spades. CXXXV uncle Count Ivan Nitch told me, exacting from him a solemn promise and I have his word of honor to play no more during the rest for its truth. You know Tchaplitz of his life. Tchaplitzki immediki...he who, after having spent ately went to Zoritch and demanded millions, died in extreme misery. his revenge. He staked fifty thou- In his youth, when playing with Zo sand roubles on the first card; won ; ritch, he lost about three hundred he doubled the stake, in short, with thousand roubles. He was in degu his three cards, he won enough to pair. My grandmother, who was pay his debts with something over, not in general very indulgent to the But there's six o'clock. By Jove ! follies of young people, made, I don't it's time to go to bed." Glasses were know why, an exception in favor of emptied, and a general break up of Tchaplitzki. She gave him three the party followed. cards to stake on one after the other, CHAPTER II. a re- The old Countess Anna Fedotoona sat before a glass in her chamber. Three waiting maids surrounded her. One held a pot of rouge, another a box of pins, and a third carried an enormous lace cap trimmed with flame-colored ribbons. The Countess had no longer any pretensions to beauty, but she still kept up the customs of her youth, dressed in the fashions of fifty years back, and as much time and care were spent on her toilet as ever she wasted on it in her days of youthful vanity. A young girl, her companion, worked at a frame in the recess of the windows. "Good morning, grandinama ;" said a young Officer entering the room. « Good morning, Miss Lise. Grandmama, I come to ask you a favor." “What is it, Paul." “ Al. low me to introduce to you one of my friends, and to ask you to give him an invitation to yoar ball." "Bring him to the ball, and there you can introduce him. Were you at the Princess 's yesterday ?” “Most certainly I was; a delightful party : they danced till five in the morning. Miss Eletzki looked charming." " Indeed, child, you are easily pleased. You should have seen her grandmother, the Princess Daria Pe troona ; she was a beauty. Let me see; she must be very old now. “ Old, I should think so, Tomski, imprudently," why she has been dead these seven years." The young lady raised her head, and gave the young man proachful look. He immediately recollected that it had been agreed that the Countess should remain in ignorance of the deaths of her contemporaries. He bit his lip; the Countess however did not appear at all affected on hearing of the death of her old friend. “ Dead," she cried, “I did not know that; we were appointed maids of honor at the same time, and when we were presented at Court, the Empress"- Here the old Countess related for about the fiftieth time an anecdote of her younger years, and the story concluded, she said, " Paul, help me to rise. Lisauka, where is my snuffbox?" and followed by her three attendants, shc stepped behind a screen to finish her toilet. Tomski remained alone with the Countess's poor companior " Who is this gentleman whom you wish to introduce to the Countess ?" asked Lisabeta Ivanoona in a low tone of voice. “Naronmof; do you know him ?" “ No; is he in the Army?'' 16 Yes." " In the Engineers ?" "No, in the Imperial Guard. Why did you fancy he was in the Engineera!" The young lady smiled, but gave no answer. Paul !" cried the Countess from behind the screen, * send me a new novel, never mind what, only not one of the new school." " What sort of novel do you want, grandmama ?" "One in which the hero does not strangle his father or 1) " cried ·CXXXVI The Queen of Spades. 22 9) mother, and where there are no two minutes when the Countess rang deaths by drowning. Nothing fright loudly; her three waiting maids ens me so much as to read of drown entered at one door, and a footman ing men. " Where can one find at the other. It seems that no one a novel of that stamp ? Will you hears me," she cried, she cried, "go and have a Russian one ? « Pooh! as tell Lisabeta Ivanoona that I am if there were such a thing as a Rus waiting for her." She had hardly sian novel. You will send me one spoken the words when Lisabeta without fail, will you not ?" "I came in dressed in a bonnet and will not forget, good bye, grand- pelisse. "At last, young lady!" mama, good bye Lisabeta Ivanoo said the Countess, but what a toilet na. Why did you think that Na you have made! Why is that? ronmof was in the Engineers ?" Who is it for? Let us see what Tomski left the dressing-room. sort of weather it is. It is windy, I Lisabeta Ivanoona once more alone, think." “No, my lady," said the took up her work and sat down in footman, on the contrary, it is very the recess of the window, and imme fine." “ You never know what you diately after a young inan made his are talking about, open the veneappearance at the corner of a neigh tian. I said so. It is freczing cold. bouring house. His presence made Let them , take away the carriage, the young lady blush to the very Lisanka, child, we shall not go out. brow ; she bent her head so as al It was not worth while making yourmost to conceal it under the canvass self so fine." " What a life," mulof her frame. At this moment the tered the Countess's poor compani- Countess entered dressed. Lisanon. Lisabeta Ivanoona was in truth ka," she said, “order the carriage, a very unfortunate girl. Dante says we will take a drive." Lisabeta rose “the bread of a stranger is bitter, and began to put up her worsted and his threshhold is steep and hard work. « Well! what is it? Are of access. But who can describe you deaf, child? Go, and tell them the miseries of the companion of an to bring the carriage at once." “I old woman of rank ? not that the am going," said the young lady, Countess was positively wicked; but running into the anti-chamber. A she had all the faults inseparable to servant entered bringing books from one who only acted the part of a Prince Paul Alexandrovitch.“ Many looker on in the world. She was thanks, Lisanka ; Lisanka, where avaricious and egotistical. She neis she running to ?" “ I was going ver missed a ball, where rouged and to dress madam." “ There is plenty dressed in the style of half a century of time! child. Sit down and read back, she sat in a corner, looking the first yolume to me." Lisabeta more like a scarecrow than any took the book, and read a few lines, thing human. Each person on en- “Louder," said the Countess," what tering went up and made her a low is the matter with you ? Have you bow, but that done, no one thought got a cold ? Wait, bring your scat of saying a word to her. All the Tere, nearer ; very well." Lisabeta society of the town frequented her read on two pages; the Countess house, where a rigorous etiquette yawned. Throw away that stu was observed, although the mistress pid book," she exclaimed, “ What remembered the names of but few of trash. Send it back to Prince her guests. Her large establishment Paul with my best thanks. And of servants, grown grey and unwieldy the carriage, why has it not come ?" in her service, free from all control, * It is here," Lisabeta replied look- pillaged right and left, and a stranger ing out of the window. "Well, and would have imagined that death had you are not dressed! Must í al- already entered the house. Lisabeta ways wait for you? This is really Ivanoona's life there was a constant insupportable." Lisabeta ran to her series of trials and petty mortificaroom, and had hardly been there tions. She made the tea, and was ·The Queen of Spades, CXxxvii he called to account for the squandered never raised her eyes again, until, sugar. She read the Countess's no after the lapse of two hours, dinner vels, whose dullness was visited on her was announced. She rose to put up own head, She accompanied the her work, and while doing so, pernoble dame in her daily drivee, and ceived the young officer still standwas made responsible for rough roads ing in the same place. This appearand bad weather. Her small salary ed strange to her, and directly dinwas never regularly paid, and the ner was over, she hastened to the Countess exacted from her, that she window, not without a beating heart. should be dressed “like other peo The stranger had disappeared, and ple," or rather in a style which few Lisabeta soon ceased to think of the can afford. Her position in society circumstance. Two days after, while was a melancholy one. Every one preparing to stepinto the carriage afknew her, but none took notice of ter the Countess, she saw him exactly her. If asked to dance at a ball, it opposite the door ; his face half conwas because a vis-a-vis was required. cealed in a fur collar, and his dark When a lady found anything dis-ar eyes sparkling beneath his hat. Lisaranged in her dress Lisabeta Ivanoo beta felt afraid, she knew not why, na was sought out to act the part of a and got into the carriage tremlady's maid in sonte adjoining room. bling On her return from the She was acutely alive to the misery drive, she ran to the window; of her position, for her nature had was in his old place, fixing on her not lost its self-respect. She looked his passionate gaze. Lisabeta drew forward impatiently to the time back, her curiosity excited, and a when a liberator should come and strange and new feeling creeping loose her chains; but the young men into her heart. Not a day passed in the midst of their flirtations were but she saw the young Engineer unprudent enough to avoid compromis- der her window, and ere long, a sort ing themselves, and Lisabeta never of mute acquaintance was establishshared the compliments and attened between them. She soon became tions which were lavished on girls as conscious of his presence when at inferior to her in beauty as in mind. work, and raising her head would each How often did she steal away from day reward him with a longer look. the splendid saloons to shut herself The young man seemed keenly alive up in her little room, where all the to this proof of her notice; with the furniture consisted of an old screen, rapid perception of a young heart, a patched carpet, a chest of drawers, Lisabeta observed, that when their a small looking glass, and a bed of eyes met, the stranger's pale face painted wood: there, by the light of grew crimson. At the end of a week a tallow-candle stuck in a brass can he was greeted with a smile. It was dle-stick, she could weep at ease. with a beating heart that she heard Two days after the gambling party Tomski ask his grandmother's perat Naronmof's, and a week prior to mission to introduce a friend ; but the scene we have just described, Liwhen she learned that Naron mof was sabeta was sitting at her work frame only an officer in the Imperial gazing vacantly out of the window, Guards, she bitterly repented having when she remarked a young Engi- compromised her secret, by betrayneer officer standing motionless in ing it to the thoughtless young man. the street, with his eyes fixed upon Hermann was the son of a German, her. She bent down her head, and settled in Russia, who had left him began plying her needle assiduously. but a very small fortune. Firmly re- Five minutes after she mechanically solved to preserve hisindependencecast her eyes again in the saine dihe had determined to leave the con rection : the young man was still pital untouched, and denied himthere, and Lisabeta, not being in the self the smallest indulgence. He habit of getting up flirtations with was uncommunicative and ambitious, passers-by, resumed her work, and and his great reserve rarely gave ·сxxxviii The Queen of Spades. his companions an opportunity to amuse themselves at his expense. Under his apparent calmness he concealed a wild imagination, and the most violent passions, but endowed with great self-command, he had never given way to the ordinary temptations of youth. Thus it was, that though & gambler at heart, he had never touched a card; he knew, as he said himself, that his position did not allow him to risk the needful for that which was superfluous, and yet he passed night after night beside the card table, watching with a feverish interest, the fluctuating chances of the game. The anecdote of the Count of Saint Germain's three cards had strongly impressed him, and haunted him the whole night "Ah! that the old Countess would confide to me her secret," he said to himself, the following evening, in a stroll about the streets of Petersburg. “If she would only tell me the three winning cards ! I must get introduced ; try to ingratiate myself with her. Yes, I inust pay court to her. And she is eighty-seven years of age. She might die this very week, perhaps to-morrow. After all there may not be a word of truth in the story. No! Economy, temperance, and industry shall be my three winning cards. With them I shall double, nay, increase tenfold my little capital, and become the creator of my own fortune and independence. Dreaming in this way, Hermann sauntered on until ho found himself in one of the largest streets in Petersburg, opposite a large house built in rather an old fashioned style of architecture. The street was crowded with carriages, and as each stopped in turn before the brilliantly lighted mansion, Hermann saw the guests severally enter. He stopped, and approaching a sentinel, huddled up in his sentry box, he asked, “ Whose house is that." « The Countess of 's." It was Tomski's grandmother. Hermann started, and the sto ry of the three cards again flashed across him. He wandered round the house, pondering on its Mistress, her great wealth, and mysterious power. Returned to his humble quarters, he long lay restless in his bed, and when sleep came at last, visions of cards, a green cloth, and heaps of ducats and banknotes, danced before his eyes. In his dreams he was betting paroli* on paroli; always winning ; pocketing piles of ducats ; and stuffing his pocket book with bank notes. He awoke and sighed to find that his treasures were but dreams, and sallied out more into the street to drive away his harassing thoughts. An invincible attraction brought him to the Countess's house. Hle stopped and looked up at the window. Behind a pane of glass he beheld the hcad and dark hair of a young girl, bent gracefully over a book, or work frame. The head was raised, and Hermann Baw a charming face and eyes as dark as the hair. That moment decided his fate. once CHAPTER III. LISABETA Ivanoona was taking off a note in her hand, which she hastily her shawl and bonnet when the Coun concealed in her glove. During the tess sent for her. The carriage had whole drive she heard and saw noagain been ordered. While two foot- thing. The Countess had a habit of men were lifting up the old lady asking never ending questions, such into the carriage, Lisabeta perceived “Who is that man who has just the young officer standing near her; bowed to us? What is the name of she felt her hand seized, and before that bridge? What is written on she had recovered from her alarm, that sign board ?" To all this Linathe officer had, disappeared, leaving beta replied so absently, that the as * A term used at the game of Faro- doubling the stake.

·The Queen of Spades. сxxxix " I beg 66 Countess scolded her. “What is the ing, he returned home not at all ill matter with you to-day, child? What pleased with the success of his atare you thinking of; or is it that you tempt. Some days after a young don't hear me? And yet I don't woman came to deliver a message to mumble, and am not yet in my do Miss Lisabeta Ivanoona from her mistage, eh!" Lisabeta was not listen tress, a milliner, and with a look that ing to her. Once at home, she ran spoke more than her words, handed to shut herself up in her room, and her a paper. Lisabeta, who expected drew the note from her glove. It a bill, opened it in some trepidation, was not sealed, so she could hardly and to her surprise recognised Herhelp reading it, and was full of pro mann's hand writing, “You are mistestations of love. The tone of it was taken; this is not for me. passionate yet respectful; a transla your pardon, Miss," replied the girl, tion, word for word, from a Gerinan smiling maliciously. Pray take the Novel. Lisabeta did not understand trouble to read it.” Lisabeta glanced German, and was quite satisfied with over the note, and found that Herit, though the idea of a clandestine mann asked for a personal interview. correspondence with a young man “Impossible," she cried, terrified at both ernbarrassed and terrified her. the boldness of the request, and the She felt alarmed at her own rashness, manner in which it had been transand reproaching herself for her im mitted. “This letter is not for me, prudence, she began to deliberate on she cried, and tore it in pieces. If what step it would be advisable to that letter is not for you, why do take. Ought she to cease working you tear it up, Miss?" remarked the at the window, and by her coldness girl, “You ought to have sent it to and repulses disgust the young man, the person to whom it was addressand force him to desist from his pur- cd." "Oh, my good girl, excuse me, suit? or should she send back his cried Lisabeta disconcerted; "never letter, and write him a firm and de- bring me any more letters pray, and cided answer ? She had neither tell the person who sent you that he friend nor counsellor, and knew not ought to blush for his conduct." what to do. She sat down, took up Hermann however was not a man to her pen, and remained deep in let go his prey. Each day a letter thought. She then commenced a reached Lisabeta through different letter, but found it too harsh, then channels, but they were no longer another was too kind; finally, after translations. It was not words that a great deal of trouble, she managed failed him now, for he wrote under to write one which satisfied her. the influence of a powerful passion, “I believe," she wrote "that your and poor Lisabeta did not long resist intentions are those of an honest this torrent of eloquence. His letters man, and that you do not wish were welcome Po her, and ere long to offend me by acting without she sent him answers, which every reflection ; but you will understand, day became kinder and softer. At I am sure, that our acquaintance last she threw from the window the ought not to commence in this way. following note. “ To night there is I return you your-letter, and trust to be a ball at the Ambassador of _'s. you will give me no reason to regret The Countess is going, and we shall my imprudence. The following stay there till two o'clock; you can day as soon as she saw Hermann, she meet me without witnesses in this rose from her frame, went into the way. As soon as the Countess has drawing-room, opened the venetian, left the house, that is to say, about and threw the letter into the street, eleven, the servants nearly all leave : certain that the young man would the only one that will remain, the not allow it to remain there. Her- porter, is generally fast asleep in mann picked it up, and retired into his chair. Enter the house at eleven, a confectioner's shop to read it, and and go rapidly upstairs. If you finding nothing in it very discourag. meet any one in the anti-chamber, 9 ·cxl The Queen of Spades. roon. room. ask if the Countess is at home : they will tell you that she has gone out, and you must resign yourself to de part; most probably though, you will find no one. The Countess's inaids all sleep together in a room at the other side of the house. When you are in the anti-chamber, turn to the left, and go on straight before you until you reach the Countess's bed- There, behind a large screen, you will find two doors : the one to the right opens into a dark closet, the one to the left leads into a corridor, at the end of which is a narrow winding staircase which leads to my Hermann trembled with impatience like a lurking tiger while waiting for the appointed hour. At ten o'clock he was in waiting before the Countess's door. The weather was dreadful : the wind howled, the snow fell in large flakes, and the lanıps throw but a faint light on the deserted street, where from time to time passed a solitary hackney coach, looking out for some late guest. Dressed in a thin frock coat, Hermann felt neither wind nor snow. At last the Countess's carriage drove up, and he saw two tall footmen support that shattered phantom, and place her carefully wrapt in furs on the cushions inside. Lisabeta, her head crowned with natural flowers, darted like a bird into the carriage. The door shut, and the carriage rolled heavily away over the soft snow. The windows in the first story darkened, and not a sound came from the house. Hermann Wandered backwards and forwards, and approaching a lamp, pulled-out his watch. It was twenty minutes to eleven, and he remained leaning against the lamp post counting inpatiently the minutes. Exactly at eleven, Hermann, went up the steps, opened the street door, and entered the hall. To hip delight it was deserted, and with a firm and hurried step he ran up the stairs into the anti-chamber, where, by the light of a solitary lamp, he saw a footman stretched in an easy chair, fast asleep. Hermann glided by him, and passed through the dining and drawing rooms : the light in the anti-chamber enabling him to make his way into the bed-room. A golden lamp burnt in front of a glass wardrobe filled with ancient looking images of saints. The walls were hung with China silk, and on each side of the room were symetrically arranged a row of gilded armchairs, and faded sofas, luxuriously cushioned. The most conspicuous objects in the room were two of Mde. Lebrun's portraits. One represented a florid complexioned man of forty, dressed in a pale green coat, and a large decoration on his breast. The other was the picture of an elegant young lady : her hair powdered and raised on the temples, an aquiline nose, and a rose behind her ear. In every corner were vases of different forms, China shepherds and shepherdesses, Leroy's clocks, and all the inventions of a century back, cotemporary with Mont Golfier's balloons and Mesmer's magnetism, in the shape of baskets, fans, and other nicknacks. Hermann went behind the screen which concealed a small iron bed, and found two doors : the one to the right opened into a dark closet, the one to the left into the corridor. He opened the latter, and saw the little winding staircase which led to the room of the Countess's poor companion, and then closing it, concealed himself in the closet. Time passed slowly. All was quiet. The drawing-room clock struck midnight, and then all was again silent. Hermann stood leaning against an empty store. He was calm : not a pulsation of his heart was quickened : he was determined to meet the risk boldly, for he felt that to draw back now was impossible. One o'clock then two: followed not long after by the distant sound of carriage wheels. Hermann's heart began to beat. The sound approached rapidly and stopped. He heard a confused noise of voices, and of servants hurrying up and down stairs. Lights appeared in every room, and three old waiting women came into the bedroom, and last the old Countess tottered in, and threw herself into a large easy chair. Hermann peeped through struck;

·The Queen of Spades. cxli « Reanswer. if the cry a hole, and saw Lisabeta brush past last. “It was a jest ; I swear to him, and heard her hurried steps up you, it was a jest. No, madam," the stairs. He felt something for a Hermann fiercely answered. moment like a pang of remorse, but member Tchaplitzki, who by your that soon passed away, and his heart means, won. ." The Countess seemed became again impenetrable. The troubled, and for a moment her fea- Countess began undressing before a tures kindled into expression, and looking-glass. They took off her then relapsed into their look of motionhead dress of roses, and her pow less stupidity, "Can you not," said dered wig, leaving her head bare of Hermann, tell me three winning all but a few straggling white hairs. A cards." The Countess continued shower of pins fell round her, and her mute; he went on. Why conceal ainber colored dress, embroidered in this secret? Is it for your grandsons? silver, dropped to her bloated feet. They do not want it. They are rich, Herniann was forced to be a specand know not the value of money. tator of all the disgusting details. What use would your three cards be The Countess in a nightdress and cap, to such profligates ? He who cannot a more suitable costume for old age, keep his own patriinony, had he all looked perhaps a little less frightful. the knowledge of hell at his com- Like most old people, the Countess mand, would die in want. I know suffered from slecplessness, and once the value of money, I am not one undressed, she made them wheel her to cast it to swine, and your three chuir into a recess of the windows, cards will not be thrown away on me. and dismissed her attendants. The Come.” He stopped, waiting for an candles were put out, and the only The Countess was mute. light left was the lamp that burnt in Hermann fell on his knees. “Oh, if front of the innages of saints. The you have ever known what it is to Countess sat balancing herself from love, if you recollect its tender joys, side to side, looking like a spectre; of your first-born gave yellow and withered. No expression gladness to your heart, if you have lit up those vacant eyes; one would ever felt one human feeling, I imhave said that the rocking motion was plore you by the love of a husband, produced by clock work, so dead and lover, and child, by all that is holy ghastly did she look, scated in that an in life, to hear my prayer. Reject it cient chair. All at once that death not, tell me your secret. Perhaps like face lost its vacant look : the lips you; have purchased it at a fearful ceased treinbling, and the eyes brigh-price, and staked your everlasting tened. A stranger stood before the happiness on its possession. Reflect, Countess. It was Hermann. “Do not you are old, and little time remains be afraid, madam, he said, marking you in this world. I will take all his words strongly. “For God's sake your sins on my soul, and alone anbe not afraid. I will not do you the swer for them to God. Reveal to me slightest harm; on the contrary, I the secret. Consider that you have come to implore a favor." The old a man's happiness in your power; woman stared at him'in silence, as if that not only I, but my children, she understood him not. He thought and grandchildren, will for ever bless that she was deaf, and leaning for your name, and that to us your ward, repeated his words. The memory will be a holy thing." "The Countess remained silent. “Oh, ina old Countess replied not a word, dam," continued Hermann,“ you Hermann rose. “Cursed old hag," he can insure me the happiness of cried, grinding his teeth, “must I my whole future life, and it will force you to speak.” Here he drew cost you nothing. I know that you a pistol from his pocket. At the can tell me three cards, which" he sight of the pistol the Countess a sestopped. The Countess doubtless cond time seemed moved; her head understood him, and perhaps was shook more violently, she stretched meditating an answer. She said at out her hands to ward off the wea. VOL. 1.NO. V. to ·cxlii The Queen of Spades. « Come, pon; then suddenly falling backwarda, she moved no more. cease to play the child," said Hermann, seizing her; “ for the last time I conjure you to tell me the three cards, yes or no!" The Countess gave no sign, and Hermann saw that she was dead. CHAPTER IV. LISABETA Ivanoona still in her ball no reply, but she felt her hands and dress, sat buried deep in thought in feet grow like ice. “Hermann is quite her own room. On her return hoine the hero for a novel," continued Tomshe had at once dismissed her atten ski; he has the profile of Napoleon, dant, saying that she could undress and the soul of Mephistophiles. I am herself, and went to her room trem bure he has at least three crimes on bling to think that she might find his conscience. How pale you look." Hermann there, and even hoping for " I have a headache. Well, what a disappointment. At the first glance did Mr. Hermann tell you? That is she saw that he was absent ; thank his name, is it not ?" « Hermann is ful for the chance that had made not at all pleased with his friend him miss his appointment, she sat your Engineer officer. He says that down without thinking of undress in his place he would behave differing, to pass in review all the circum ently. Now I'll wager that Herstances of an acquaintance, which mann has his eyes on you himself; though so recent, had already gone at least he seems to listen with a 80 far. Hardly three weeks had strange interest to his friend's reveelapsed since she had first seen the lations." " And where has he seen young officer from her window, and me?" "At Church perhaps, or out already she had written to him, and driving, God knows; may be in your permitted him to obtain from her a bed when you were asleep. He is midnight assignation. She knew capable of any thing." At this mohis name, and nothing more. She ment they were dancing the figure had received a great number of let- where three ladies advance and inters from him, but he had never vite the opposite gentlemen to spoken to her: even the sound of choose between oblivion or regret, his voice was unknown to her. Un and their approach interrupted a til that evening, strange to say, she conversation that had powerfully exhad never heard him mentioned. cited poor Lisabeta's curiosity. The Tomski believing that the Princess lady, who in virtue of the changes Pauline-to whom he was most atten- required by the Mazurka, Tomski tive,-was coquetting with another, had chosen, was the Princess Pauline. was anxinus to revenge himself by A long explanation ensued between making a great show of indifference. them during the different evolutions With this view he invited Lisabeta of the figure, and, once more with to dance a never-ending Mazurka his partner, Tomski thought no more with him. He rallied her unmerci of Lisabeta or Hermann. She tried fully on her preference for Engineer to renew the conversation, but withofficers, and pretended to know a out effect, and the Mazurka finished, great deal more than he really did. the Countess rose to leave. Tomski's It chanced that his jokes were 80 mysterious phrases were but the apropos at times, that more than once common-place expressions of a Lisabeta suspected that her secret Mazurka, but they made a deep imhad been discoveted. pression on poor Lisabeta. The porwho is your informant"-she said, trait sketched by Tomski struck her smiling."" A friend of your Engineer as singularly like : in her romantic officer: a man who is an original. imagination her lover's common- * And who is this original ?"" His place countenance became embellishname is Hermann." Lisabeta made ed with strange and supernatural "Tell nie .

·The Queen of Spades. cxliii <6 charms. She had thrown off her looking nor speaking to each other. gloves and was seated, her shoulders The morning dawned, and Lisabeta uncovered, and her head, still wreath put out the candle which burnt low ed with flowers, bent forward, when in its socket. The room was filled the door opened, and Hermann en with the wan pale light of morning. tered. Lisabeta started violently. She wiped her eyes and fixed them “Where were you?" she asked, tren on Hermann. He was still at the winbling. "In the Countess's bedroom, dow, with knit brows, and arms Hermann answered. “I have just folded ! his attitude reminded her left her: she is dead." " Good God, involuntarily of Napoleon's porwhat did you say?" "And I fear, trait. The likeness overpowered he continued, " that I have caused her. “How will you leave this," her death." Lisabeta looked at him she said at last, “I intended to have bewildered, and Tomski's speech was made you go by the back staircase, but recalled to her memory, “He has at we must pass the Countess's room, least three crimes on his conscience." and I am afraid." Only tell me Hermann sat down by the window, where the staircase is, I can go and told her all; she listened to him alone.” She rose, took the key out in mute horror. What, those pas of a drawer, and handed it to Hersionate letters, those expressions of mann, giving him all the necessary devotion, his evident and obstinate directions. He took her cold hand, pursuit of her, all that was not in kissed her forehead, and left the room. spired by love, money alone had He went down the winding stairinflamed his soul. She, who had case and entered the Countess's chamnothing but her heart to give hiin, ber. She was seated in her chair ; how could she make him happy? her form quite stiff, but her features Unhappy girl! she had been made unchanged. He stopped and looked the blind tool of a robber, of the at her some time, as if to convince murderer of her old benefactress. himself of the frightful reality; he She wept bitterly in an agony of then opened the closet, and groping repentant grief. Hermann watch about with his hands, discovered ed her in silence, but neither the a little door which led to a stairtears of the miserable girl, nor case; strange ideas came into his her beauty, rendered more touch head while descending. By this ing by distress, could soften that staircase he thought, some sixty heart of stone. He felt no remorse ycars back at this hour, might have for the Countess's death, his sole been seen issuing from this very regret was the irreparable loss of chamber, in stiff court dress, some the secret, from which he had ex lover of this woman, whose heart pected to make his fortune. has this day ceased to beat, and 'tis must be a monster," cried Lisabeta, long years since he was buried ! after a long silence. “I did not At the bottom of the staircase he wish to kill her," he answered cold found another door which he opened my pistol was not loaded.” with the key. He entered a corri- They remained sometime neither dor, and went forth into the street. " You ly; CHAPTER V. Three days after that fatal night, at nine in the morning, Hermann entered the convent of where the last rites were to be paid the corpse of the old Countess. He felt no. remorse, and yet his conscience told him that he was the murderer of the poor old woman. Like many who have no sense of religion, he was exceedingly superstitious, and a conviction that th Countess might yet exercise a malignant influence on his futuro life, had determined him to attend the funeral as a incang of appeasing the departed spirit. The Church was crowded, and Her·cxliv The Queen of Spades. mann with difficulty found a place. look of derision, and winked. He The corpse was laid on a gorgeous started back, and fell heavily on the bier beneath a velvet canopy. The ground. He was immediately rais- Countess dressed in a white satin ed, and at the same moment Lisadress and a lace cap, lay stretched in beta Ivanoona fell fainting on the her coffin: her hands crossed on her threshold of the church. This interbreast. Round the bier were as ruption somewhat disturbed the sembled all the family. The servants pomp of the funeral ceremonies : a were in black; a knot of armorial murmur was heard among the byribbons on the shoulder, and a ta standers, and an ugly chamberlain, per in the hand. All the relations, who was a near relation of the late consisting of the Countess's children, Countess, whispered to an Englishgrandchildren, and great grandchild man near him, " That young man is ren, stood round in the deepest a son of the late Countess: by the left inourning, but no one wept, før tears hand, you understand.” On which would have passed for an affecta the Englishman exclaimed—“Oh!" tion. The Countess was so old, that All day Hermann was tormente her death was an event that could ed by a feeling of uneasiness. In surprise nonc, and she had long the solitary Restaurant's, where since been regarded as one who bc he took his meals, he drank deeply, longed no more to this world. A contrary to his usual habits, in the celebrated preacher gave her fune hope of stupifying himself ; but the ral scrmon. In a few simple and wine only had the effect of exciting touching words, he described the fi his imagination, and gave a new vinal departure of the just, whose last gor to his harassing thoughts. He years had been a slow and gradual went home early, threw himself on preparation for a better world. his bed, and soon fell into a heavy « Behold her," said the orator, sleep. When he awoke it was night, "absorbed in pious meditations; and the moonlight filled his chainwatching and praying for the Bride ber. He looked at his watch; it was groom, and at midnight came the a quarter to three, and feeling no joyful summons of the Angel of inclination to sleep, he sat up, and Death." thought about the old Countess. At The service ended, the relations ap that instant some one in the street proached the corpse in succession to stopped at the window, as if to look take a last farewell. Then cainc a long in, and then passed on. Hermann line of those invited for the occasion, paid the circunstance no attention, and who for the last time bent low but after a minute's interval, he before her, who had been so long a heard the door of his anti-chamber bugbear in all their places of amuse open. He concluded it was his ment. The Countesses household fol dentschik,* drunk according to lowed, and among them an old wo his usual custom, but he soon perman, the same age as the departed, ceived it was the step of a stranger. supported by two women. She had It was the sound of slippers trailing not the strength to kneel, but her along the floor. The door opened, tears fell like rain as she stooped to and an old woman, dressed in white, kiss her dead Mistress' hand. Her advanced towards him. Hermann mann advanced in his turn to the fancied it might be his old nurse, bier. He knelt for a moment on and wondered what could bring her the flagstones, strewed with pine at such a late hour; but the figure branches, and rising pale as death, in white, crossing the room rapidly, ascended the steps, and bent before was in a moment at the foot of the the body. All at once it seemed to bed, and Hermann recognised the him that the corpse fixed on him a Countess. “I come to you against * A Soldier, an Officer's servant.

·The Queen of Spades. cxly my will," she said, in a firm tone of voice. “I am forced to grant your prayer. Three, seven, and ace, will win for you one after the other : but play but one card in each twentyfour hours, and after that do not touch a card for the rest of your life. I forgive you my death, on condition that you marry my young companion, Lisabeta Ivanoona." This said, she left the room, her slippers trailing along the ground as she went. llermann heard the door of the anti-chamber close, and saw a moment after a white figure pass in the street, and stop at the window a moment, as if to look at him. Hermann remained some time completely stunned, and then rose and went into the anti-chamber. His servant, drunk as usual, lay asleep on the ground. He succeeded, after some trouble, in awaking him, but without obtaining the slightest explanation. The door of the anti-chamber was locked, and Iſermann returned to his room, and wrote down all the circumstances of the apparition. CHAPTER VI. Two engrossing ideas can no more a considerable personage in the exist in the mind together, than two world. He came to Petersburgh, bodies can occupy the same place in and his arrival drew crowds of young the physical world. Three, seven, people to his house; ball rooms and ace, soon effaced every recollection the delights of a flirtation were forof the Countess's last moments from gotten in the attractions of the green Ilermann's memory. 'Three, seven, table and dangerous pleasures of ace, were never out of his thoughts, gambling. Hermann was introduced and came constantly from his lips. at Tchckalinski's by Naronmof. If he met a pretty girl in the street, They passed through a suite of rooms his remark was, • What a charming filled with civil and oflicious servants. figure; it is like a three of hearts." Every where there was a crowd. Ge- Every fat man he met reminded nerals and Privy Councillors were him of an ace. Three, seven, ace, seated at whist: young men were haunted him in his dreams, in a lazily stretched on divans, taking thousand different shapes. He saw ices, and smoking long pipes. In thrces expand before him into mag the principal saloon, at a long table, nificent magnolias; sevens opened round which crowded about twenty into gothic doors, and acos hung players, sat the master of the house, suspended like gigantic spiders. All holding a Faro bank. Tchekalinski his thoughts tended but to one object, was a man about sixty years of age, how should he profit by the secret with a gentle and noble expression so dearly purchased ? He ineditated of countenance, and hair ag white asking leave to travel. " At Paris,' Good humour and benevohe said, " I shall find some gambling lence beamed from his eyes in a house, where in three trials my for- perpetual smile. When Hermann tune will be inade." Chance soon was presented, he gave him a cordial saved him further embarrasınent. At welcome, and resumed his deal. The Moscow there was a society of rich deal lasted some time; more than players, the president of which was thirty cards were punted on. At the celebrated Tchekalinski, who every coup Tchekalinski stopped to had passed his life at the gambling allow the winners time to make their table where he had amassed an im parolis, paid his stakes, listened pomense fortune : his winnings were litely to objections, and still more bank notes, while his losses were politely quietly smoothed down the only in loose cash. His sumptuous corners of the cards used for markers. house, excellent table, and engaging The deal over, Tchekalinski shuffled manners, had secured him many the cards, preparatory to re-cumfriends, while his position made him mencing the play. ag snow.

·cxlvi The Queen of Spades. “ Will you allow me to take a his way. Tchekalinski was dealing, card ?" said Hermann, stretching his and welcomed him with his blandest hand over a stout man, who filled up sinile. Hermann waited for a new the whole side of the table. Tche deal, and taking a card, placed on it kalinski, with a bland smile, bowed his forty-seven thousand roubies, and assent, and Naronmof congratulated his winnings of the previous night. Hermann on the termination of his Tchekalinski commenced dealing. rigid abstinence, and wished him A knave fell to the right, a seven to good luck in this his debut in play. the left, Ilcrmann showed his seven. * Now !” said Herinann, after hav There was an universal “ Ah." Tcheing written a figure on the back of kalinski evidently grew troubled. his card. “ How much ?" asked He counted out ninety-four thousand the banker, peering at the card. roubles, and handed them to Her- “ Excuse me, I cannot seo it." “ For mann, who took them calmly, and ty-seven thousand roubles," Herleft the room. He re-appeared the mann said. At these words overy following day at the usual hour. head was raised, and every eye fixed The whole room was in expectation; on Hermann. “ He is mad," thought Generals and Privy Councillors had Naronmof. " Allow me to remark, abandoned their whist tables to be Sir," said Tchekalinski, with his spectators of so extraordinary a cternal smile, “ that your stake is game. The young officers had left high; no sum higher than two hun their divans, and every inhabitant of dred and seventy-five roubles is ever the house had collected in the sastaked here on the first bet." “ Well," loon. All pressed round Hermann. said Hermann,“ will you accept my At his entrance the other players bet or not?'' Tchekalinski bowed left their game, 80 impatient were in sign of asscnt. “I only wished they to see him in the lists with the to observe," he said, " that although banker, who, pale, but with his eter- I have full confidence in my friends, nal smile, watched him take his place I can only deal with money on the at the table, and prepared to play table. 'I am perfectly convinced alone against him. Both at the that your word is as good as gold, same time called for a fresh pack of but for the sake of order, and to fa cards. Tchekalinski shuffled, and cilitate calculations, I shall feel Hermann cut. The latter then took obliged by your placing the money a card, and covered it with a heap on your card.” Hermann drew from of bank notes. It seemed like the his pocket a cheque, and handed it to preparations for a duel. Not a sound Tchekalinski, who after a moment's was heard in the vast saloon. Tcheexamination placed it on Hermann's kalinski began dealing with tremcard. He dealt. To the right fell bling fingers. To the right fell a a ten, to the left a three. “I win,” Queen, to the left an ace. “My Ace Hermann said, showing his card. A wins," Hermann said, uncovering his ſurmur of astonishment ran through card. “ Your Queen has lost," said the room. The banker's brow grew Tchekalinski, in the blandest tones. clouded, but was succeeded a mo Hermann started. Instead of an ment after by his usual smile. “ Shall ace, he beheld before him a Queen we settle ?" he asked the winner. of Spades. He could hardly believe “ If you will be so good.” Tche his eyes, or comprehend "how he kalinski drew some bank notes could have made the mistake. from his pocket book, and paid the While standing with his eyes fixed amount, which Hernann spocketed, on the fatal card, it seemed to him and left the table. Naronmof was that the Queen of Spades winked at thunderstruck. Hermann drank & him with a smile of derision, and glass of lemonade and went home. Hermann, with horror, recognised in The following evening he returned it a strange likeness to the dead to Tchekalinski's house, and this Countess. ** Cursed old woman!" time found no difficulty in making he cried, borror struck. Tcheka- ·The Novels of Cervantes. cxlvii linski, with a sweep of his rake, collected his winnings. Hermann remained for a long time motionless, and overwhelmed. When at last he left the table, there was a moment of noiey conversation. “A famous punt," they exclaimed. Tchckalinski ghuffled his cards, and the game went on. CONCLUSION. HERMANN is mad. He is in the Ilospital of Oboukof, No. 17. He replies to no questions, and is heard continually repeating the same words! “ Three, seven, ace! Threc, seven, Queen!" Lisabcta Ivanoona has just married a very deserving young man, sou of the late Countess' steward. He has a good appointment, and bears an excellent character. Lisabeta has taken to her house A poor young relation, whose education she has undertaken. Tomski has become a Major, and has marricd the Princess Pauline. THE NOVELS OF CERVANTES. (Translated from the Original) THE DECEITFUL MARRIAGE. answer. 1 From the hospital of the Resurrection, which is outside the gate of the field Valladolid, a soldier made his appearance, who from the weaknless of his limbs, the yellowness of his countenance, and his using his sword as a staff, afforded ample proof that, although the season was not very warm, he must have sweated in twenty days all the bad humours he had perhaps acquired in an hour. He tottered as he went along, and stunbled like a convalescent. On passing through the gate of the city, he perceived coming towards him a friend, whom he had not seen for more than six months, who, crossing himself as if he had discovered some evil spirit, approached him, saying, " What is this, Signior Ensign Campuzano? Is it possible that your worship can be in this land? As I live, I thought you were in Flanders, trailing in that country your pike, rather than dragging your sword here. What a colour and what feebleness is this I behold ?" To which Campuzano replied, As to whether I am in this land or not, Signior Licentiate Peralta, the sight of me in it is a sufficient To your other questions I have only to say, that I have come from that hospital, after swcuting out some fourtcen loads of diseases saddled upon me by a woman whom I hud selected for my wife, in which I made a mistake." " Then your worship got married?" replied Peralta. ** Yes, sir," answered Campuzano. “ It must have been por amores," said Peralta, “and such marriages bring repentance ready in their train." “ I cannot say whether it was por amores," replied the Envign, but I can affirm it was por dolores, as from my marriage I got as many pains for the body as for the soul. Those of the body have cost me forty, sudorifics to get rid of, while for those of the soul I can find no remedy even to alleviate them. But as I do not wish to carry on a long conversation in the street, your worship must excuse me, and some other day, with greater convenience, I will recount to you my adventurce, which are the most novel and strange ·cxlviii The Novels of Cervantes. your worship may have heard in purpose, which inflamed my desire the whole course of your life." to see her to a still more powerful “ This must not be so," said the degree. To increase this desire still Licenciate--"you must come with more, either purposely, or by accime to my lodging, and there we will dent, the lady drew out a very white do penitence together, as the olla ig hand, covered with very good rings. exactly suited to a sick person, and At that time I was most brilliantly although it is measured out for two attired, having on that great chain people, a pie will supply the wants your worship must have known me of ny servant. If the state of your to wear. My hat, with its feathers health will permit it, we will wind and band, my dress of gaudy coup with a few slices of ham from lours as became a soldier, made me Rute. Above all things consider appear to my foolish eyes so gracewhat I offer is with the best good fully elegant, that I imagined I will, not only upon this occasion, could kill the girls with a glance. but upon every occasion that your With all this I begged of her again worship may please. to discover herself. To which she Campuzano expressed his gra replied, titude for his kind offers, and accepted the invitation. They proceeded “Don't be importunate ; I possess a house where you may order a to San Llorente, attended inass, and went to the house of Peralta, who page to follow me, for although I am far more honest than this answer fulfilled his promise, and repeated would lead you to suppose, yet, in his offers. At the conclusion of order to know if your discretion is dinner, he begged of him to relate those events which he had repreon a par with your elegant appearsented as being so wondrous. Camance, I will not be displeased at your seeing me. puzano did not require to be pressed, but commenced his tale as I kissed my hands to her for the follows: great favor she conferred upon me, “ Your worship, Signior Licen and promised in payment mounciate Peralta, may well remember tains of gold. The Captain concludthat I lived in this city as the com ed his conversation, and they retired, rade of Captain Pedro de Herrera, followed by my servant. The who is now in Flanders." Captain told me that the lady wanted “I well remember it," replied hiin to carry ccrtain letters to. Peralta. Flanders to another Captain, who, “ Well," continued Campuzano, she said, was her cousin, but whom one day as we had finished our he knew to be, not her cousin, but dinner at that hotel of the Solana, her lover. I remained burning with where we lived, two women of gen passion at the remembrance of the teel appearance entered, accompani snowy hands I had seen, and dying ed by two female servants. The one with desire to see her face ; so the commenced a conversation with the next day I went, guided by my Captain standing close to the win servant, and was freely admitted. I dow, and the other seated herself found a house very well furnished, in a chair close to me, with her hood and a woman of about thirty years dropped to her chin, which pre of age, whom I knew by the hands. vented any part of her face being She was not extremely beautiful, but seen, except what could be dis was sufficiently so to make love to, covered through the thin texture of and her tone of voice was so sweet the hood. I courteously begged that it pierced through the ears into her to do me the great favor of dis- the soul. I enjoyed with her long closing her features, but all to no and amorous conversations. I boast- 66 *" Hacer penitencio," a phrase used when the dinner is a poor one, as on fasting days.

·The Deceitful Marriage. cxlix woven. & ed, I shouted, I hectored, I know how to act the major-domo in offered, I promised, and made all the house, the lass in the kitchen, the demonstrations that appeared to and the lady in the hall. Truly í me to be necessary to gain ber affec know how to command, and how to tions, but as she was accustomed to make myself obeyed. I waste listen to offers and eloquence as nothing, but gather up much. My great if not greater, she pretended to real is not worth less, but much give them great attention, but very more, when it is expended by my little credit. Finally our inter order. The linen 1 possess, which course passed in the most delightful is in great quantity and of excellent manner for four days that I con quality, was not taken from shops tinued to visit ber, without my or linen drapers ; it was spun by succeeding in gaining the object I these fingers and those of my female desired. During the time that I servants, and, were it possible to visited her, I always found the house weave it in the house, it would be empty, without any appearance of I say these praises of myfeigned relatives or real friends, her self, because no reproach can attach only servant being a young girl to praises which necessity compels more knowing than simple. At last one to give utterance to. Finally, I I pressed the lady Dona Estefania wish you to understand that I am de Caycedo (for that is the name of in search of a husband, who may the woman who has placed ine in protect, command, honor me, and this condition) representing my love not of a gallant who would serve as that of a soldier who is on and vilify me. If it pleaseth your the point of departure, and she worship to accept the gift which is replied. offered to you, here I am ready and Sir Ensign Campuzano, it would willing, prepared to obey your be folly if I attempted to pass worship in every thing, you may myself off on your worship as a command, without putting myself saint. A sinner I have been, and up for sale; for to be talked of by am even now, but not to such an the match-makers is much the same extent as to be talked of by the thing; there is no one so fit to arneighbours, or remarked by those range all these matters as the parties at a distance. I inherited no estate themselves.' either from my parents or any other “ I, whose judgment at that time relation, and yet the furniture of my was not in my head, but my heels, house, properly valued, is worth and to whom visions of enjoyment two thousand five hundred escudos. presented themselves at that moment The property too is of such a nature more bright than fancy could porthat, put up to public auction, tray them, and so large an amount be converted int money of property offering itseb so close with no more delay than the delay to my grasp, that I already contemof sending it. With this fortune I plated it converted into cash, withain in search of a husband, to whom out further reflections than those I may deliver myself, and render all which pleasure uggested to my obedience. I will also, reforming captivated' imagination, replied that my, past life, be inost especially 1 a happy and fortunale solicitous in feasting and serving individual in having received from him, for no prince has a cook who heaven, almost by miracle, such & can minister to gluttony, or season companion to be the mistress of my the dishes to such perfection as I will and of my fortune. This last can, when, turning to house keepnot so small ; for with the ing, I make up my mind to do so. I chain that I had on my neck, and it can was was *" Hendi" hender means to split to pieces. Shakespear uses the phrase "to split the ears of the groundings." Probably Cervantes meals to describe the vehemence with which tho soldier pursues his suit by a phrase of the same kind. VOL. I. NO, Y. e ·The Novels of Cervantes. over them. other little jewels I possessed at in bed, rose at eleven, dined at home, with sundry brilliant uni- twelve, and dozed the siesta at forms, it might amount to two thou two o'clock on my lady's dais. sand ducats. This sum added to Dona Estefania and her servant her two thousand five hundred girl danced attendance upon me, would suffice for us to retire and and my boy, whom until then I had live at a village where I was born, found lazy and slow, became transand where I possessed some terri- formed into an antelope. The little tory. This estate, with the assistance of the money, selling the prospace of time that Dona Estefania left my side, she was to be found in ducts in their season, would enable the kitchen deeply solicitous in us to pass an easy and happy life. superintending ragouts to stimulato “ To sum up, our marriage was then and there agreed upon, and we my appetite by giving zest to the taste. My shirts, collars, and handarranged to give the necessary kerchiefs were a new Aranjuez of proofs of celibacy, and during the flowers, so sweet was the odour from three festival days that succeed each the essence of lemons and fragrant other at Easter Christmas the bans herbst which had been sprinkled were proclaimed. On the fourth day we were married in the pre These days flew away as rapidly sence of two friends of my own, and a as years disappear before the manyouth whom she represented as date of inexorable time, During her cousin, to whom I offered these days, seeing that I was so myself as a relation in the same highly regaled and well served, I extremely courteous terms which I had hitherto employed towards my was beginning to change the evil intention with which I had comnew bride, with an object so perverse menced the business to a good one ; and treacherous that I will preserve but at their conclusion, one morning silence upon it ; for although I (as I was still in bed with Dona am telling truths, they are not the Estefania) tremendous knocks were truths of the Confessional, to which heard at the street door. The one is compelled to give utterance servant girl looked out of the My servant removed my trunk from window, and instantly withdrawing, my lodging to the house of iny exclaimed wife. In her presence I slut up in “Oh! most heartily welcome is it my magnificent chain. I showed she! Was there ever any thing like her three or four more, although it? How is it that she can have not so large, of superior workman come so much sooner than she wrote ship; also three or four hat bands of to us the other day?" different patterns. I displayed before " Who is it that has come, girl ;" her my "brilliant uniforms and I asked her. my feathers, and I delivered over " Who?" she replied. " It is iny to her about four hundred reals that lady Dona Clementa Bueso, and she I had for the expences of the house. comes accompanied by Signior Don Six days I enjoyed the honey-inoon, Lope Melendez de Almendarez, recreating myself in the house like with two other servants, and Horthe mean and needy son-in-law tigosa the Duenna that she took 'in the house of the rich father-in with her." law. I stepped upon rich carpets, I “Run girl, as I may be saved, and rolled myself in sheets of fine Hol open the door to them,” said Dona land linen, and candlesticks of silver Estefania, at this moment;" and lighted up my rooms. I breakfasted you Signior, for the love of me, do 9) * Galas-gala mean a court dress, but I have here translated it “ brilliant uolforms" as in a previous passage, Mr. Campuzano bad boasted of his." Galas de soldado which I rendered * brillant unitorma. This to preserve uniformity. " Agua de Angeles" is a distillation from the plant “ Angelica."

·The Deceitful Marriage. cli 97 not be disturbed, nor attempt to make me to another room, and there told a reply for me to any thing you may me that that lady, her friend, wanted hear said against me. to play a trick on that Don Lope " Who then can have anything who came with her, with whom she to say to offend you, especially in was anxious to get married. The my presence ? tell me who these trick was to give him to understand people are whose arrival appears to that that house and every thing that have disquieted you." was in it belonged to her, all of “I have no time to reply to you," which she intended giving to him as said Dona Estefania. i know this her dowry, and after the marriage only that every thing that will take was completed, she cared very little place here is feigned, for the pur if the fraud was discovered, relying pose of carrying out certain designs on Don Lope's passionate love for with which you will be acquainted her. “Then,” she continued, “all hereafter.' that betongs to me will be returned, Although I had a great inclina and my friend will not be blamed, tion to reply to this, I was prevented nor would any other woman, for by the arrival of the lady Dona endeavouring to obtain an honorable Clementa Bueso, who entered the husband, although accomplished by room dressed in lustrous green satin, means of a deception." covered with gold lace, a short clouk I said to her that it was carrying of the same adorned in a similar her friendship to a very great manner, a hat with green, white, extremity, to do as she proposed, and crimson feathers, and a rich and that she should first consider golden hat band, a thin veil cover the matter well, for afterwards ing the half of her countenance. she might be compelled to appeal Don Lope Melendez de Almendarez to the luw to recover her property. accompanied her in a travelling drees She, however, replied with so many equally brilliant and rich. The arguments, representing herself to Duenna Hortigosa was the first who be under so many obligations to spoke, exclaiming. serve Dona Clementa, even in mat- “ Jesus, what is this! The bed of ters of greater importance, that my lady Dona Clementa occupied, much against my will, and against and occupied by a man too! I see the promptings of my better judge miracles in this house to-day. By ment, I gave in to the wishes of Dona my faith Dona Estefania has taken Estefania. She assured me that her full swing, confiding in the the deception would only last eight friendship of my lady." days during which we could reside “I'll warrant you she has Horti at the house of a friend of her's. We gosa “replied Dona Clementa" but I, finished dressing ourselves, and I myself am to blame. Shall I never immediately akerwards the went learn a lesson about taking up with to bid adieu to the lady Dona friends, whu are only friends as long Clementa Bueso and Signior Don as it suits their own interests !" To Lope Melendez de Almendarez, all this Dona Estefania replied and then ordered my servant to “ Do not be grieved, my lady take my trunk aud follow her. I Dona Clementa Bueso, believe me followed in their wake without it is not without a mysterious cause taking leave of any one. that you see what you see in this Dona Estefania stopped at the house, and when you are made house of a friend of her's, but before acquainted with it, I know that I we were admitted inside, she reshall be held blameless, and your mained a considerable time ladyship remain without any cause versation with her. At its concluof complaint." sion & young girl appeared and By this time, I had put on my requested me to come in slong with breeches and doublet, and Estemy servant. She guided us to a fania taking me by the band led small narrow room in which there . con·clii The Novels of Cervantes. 9) zano. vere two beds, so close together that Dona Clementa's paying a visit to they appeared to be one, us there some of her relations in the city of was no space left between them, Plasencia, from whence she proceedand the sheets of the one touched ed to pay her devotions for nine those of the other. In fact we days to our Lady of Guadalupe. remained there six days, during In the meanwhile she left Dona which time not an hour passed Estefania in her house to take care without our having a quarrel, I of it, for in reality they are great telling her the foolish act she had friends. If, however, you look well committed in having left her house at the matter, the poor lady is not and her property, which she ought to be blamed, seeing that she has not to have done even to her own managed to gain as husband such a mother. I harped upon this point personage as Sir Ensign Campu- 80 often that the mistress of the house, one day that Dona Estefania Here she finished her speech, and went out with the purpose, as she I began to get desperate, and I cersaid, of ascertaining how far her tainly would have become so if my business had progressed, wished to guardian angel had failed for a moknow what was the cause of my ment in coming to my assistance. quarrelling so much with her ; My heart whispered to me, through what deed she had been guilty of his instigation, to remember that I that I found fault with so often was a Christian, and that desperadenouncing it as gross folly instead tion was the greatest sin of manof real friendship ? I told her the kind, it being the sin of devils. whole story, and when I arrived at This consideration or good inspirathat part where I married Dona Es tion gave me some comfort, but not tefania, and the dowry she brought 80 much as to prevent me from me, and the folly she had committed taking iny cloak and sword and in leaving her house and property rushing out in search of Dona Esto Dona Cleinenta, although it was tefania, with the determination of done with the laudable intention of inflicting upon her exemplary punobtaining for her so distinguished a ishment; but fate-l cannot say husband as Don Lope, she began to whether for better or bless herself, and cross herself so dained that I should not find Dona often and with such rapidity, ex Estefania in any place where I exclaiming again and again" Oh pected to meet her. I went to San Jesus, Jesus, what a base female, Llorente, implored the protection that I became excessively alarmed. of our Lady, and seated myself on At last she said to mea bench where, overpowered by “ Sir Ensign, I do not know if I grief, I fell into a sleep so profound am running counter to my conscience that had I not been awoke, I would in disclosing to you what appears to not have risen in a hurry. Full me would trouble it if I kept it a of sad thoughts and anguish I prosecret ; but trusting to God and ceeded to the house cf Dona Estegood luck I will speak, happen what fania, and I saw her behaving with may, Long life to truth and death all the coolness proper to the misto all falsehood. The truth is that tress of house. I did not dare to Dona Clementa Bucko is the real say a word to her, as Signior Don. mistress of the house and of the pro Lope was present. I returned to perty which was given to you as a the house of my hostess, who said dowry. The falsehood is every thing she had told Dona Estefana that I that has been told to you by Dona was acquainted with all hr plots Estefania, for she has neither house and frauds, and that Dona Estefania nor property, nor any other dress had asked how I looked when the than the one on her back. The op dieclosure was made, and that she portunity and the time for practising had replied that I looked very this trick were afforded to her by threatening and that in her opinion worse-or- ·The Deceitful Marriage. cliii 11 I had gone out to look for her with " And so perfectly drawn," rea determined evil intention. Fi- plied the Ensign, " that we may nally she told me that Dona Estefa begin to shuffle the cards again; nia had carried off every thing that but the mischief lies in this, Sir was in my trunk, leaving ine only Licenciate, that although she can a single travelling dress. Here get rid of my chains, I cannot get was a misfortune. Here God again rid of the condition in which her came to my assistance. I ran to falsehood has placed me, for in fact, see my trunk, and found it open much as I may deplore it, she is a and empty as the grave that awaits pledge of mine." a dead body, and certainly it might “ Give thanks to God, Sir Camhave been mine if I had had underpuzano, that it was a pledge with standing to feel and to weigh so tre feet, which has gone away froin niendous a misfortune. you, and that you are not compelled “ It was a very great misfortune, to go in search of her." said the Licenciate Peralta at that * That is truc," replied the Enmoment. “ Dona Estefania having sign,“ but with all this, without my carried off so many chains and hat searching for her, she perpetually bands, for as the saying goes--all haunts my imagination, and whermisfortunes, &c. ** ever I go, my dishonour is ever pre- “ That want gave me no pain sent to me. replied the Ensign, " for I too can " I do not well know what to say Don Simucque thought he reply to you," said Peralta, "except had cheated me with his squint to recal to your memory the followeyed daughter,' but by God I am ing two lines of Petrarch:- all crooked on one side." Che chi prende dileto di far frode. " I do not know with what pur- Nou s'ha di lamentars'altro l'inganna, pose your worship quotes this say Which mean in our Castilian, ing," rejoined Peralta. that he who is accustoined to, and “The purpose is,” replied the derives pleasure from cheating Ensign, " that all that heap and others, ought not to coinplain when apparatus of chaine, hat bands and he is himself deceived." jewels might be worth about twelve " I do not complain," replied the escudos. Ensign;" I am only grieved, for the " That is not possible," replied knowledge of his guilt does not rethe Licenciate," for the chain you, lieve the guilty from feeling the Sir Ensign, wore around your neck pain of his chastisement. I see perappeared to weigh inore than two fectly that I tried to deceive and hundred ducata." was deceived, and that I was caught “ That might be the case," re in my own springe, but I cannot plied the Ensign ; " if appearances control my feelings to such an exwere true ; but us all is not gold tent as to refrain from blaming mythat glitters, the chuins, hat self. Finally, to come to that which bands, jewels, and trinkets were is the principal point in my history all composed of prepared copper, (this title may well be given to the but so well made that nothing but the story of my adventures) I learned touchstone or fire could discover that Dona Estefania had gone off with the cheat." the cousin, who I told you was pre- “ In that case," said the Licenci sent at our marriage, and who, a ate," between your worship and the very long time before that, had been lady Estefania, the game is drawn." her lover under all circumstances. 11 * Todas los duelos, 8c. Peralta considers it suficient to allode to the very common proverb—" todos los duelos con pan son menor" all misfortunes are bearable as long as we have enough for maintenanco. Peralta condoles with his friend because, being robbed of all he Possessed, he had not even that consolation. † Alquimin Latin," Aurichalcum. # Prenda is the article pawned whatever it may be. It is also used to denote wife or children or even friends who are much loved.

·cliv The Novels of Cervantes. 16 two I did not choose to go in search of will a human being in the world be her, in order to avoid any further found who will believe it." mischance which might be in store All these preambles and enthusifor me. I changed my lodging, and astic representations made by the chunged my hair within a few days, Ensign before recounting what he for my eyebrows and eyelashes be had seen, inflamed the curiosity of gan to fall off, and by degrees the Peralta to such a degree that, with hair of my head disappeared also, not less enthusiasm, he begged of and I became bald before my time, him to relate at once the marvels having been stricken by a disease which remained to be told. called leprosy.* I found myself “ Your worship must already bare in every sense of the word, for have seen," said the Alferez, I had neither beard to coinb nor dogs that with two lanterns accommoney at home. The disease went pany at night the brothers of the on increasing at the same rate as Capacha,+ lighting them when they my indigence, and as poverty rides ask for alms." rough-shod over honour, and drives “I have seen them," replied some to the gallows and others to Peralta. the hospital, and compels others to “ Your worship will also have obtain admission into the houses of seen or heard," "continued the Entheir enemies with submissive pray- sign, " what is related of them, that ers (which is one of the greatest ca if by accident an alms is thrown lamities that can happen to the unfrom the windows and falls on the fortunate) so I, in order not to ex ground, they run immediately with pend in my cure the clothes requir- their lights to search for it, and ed to cover me when restored to they take their stand before the health, entered into the hospital of windows of those whom they know the Resurrection, the period ap to be in the habit of giving alıns. pointed for the sweating processes But although they appear there having arrived--where I have un with so much gentleness that they dergone forty sudorifics. They tell look more likc lambs than dogs, me I shall get well if I take care of they are lions in the hospital, guardmyself. I still have a sword, and foring the establishinent with the the rest may God give a reinedy for greatest care and vigilance." it." The Licenciate offered his ser “I have heard," said Peralta,"that vices again to him, and expressed it is all as you say, but that neither his wonder at the events he had re can nor ought to occasion any wonlated to him. der." “Then your worship, Sir Peralta," “ Well then, what I have now to said the Ensign, “is astonished at a relate of them will give you reasonvery triflo; other events remain to able cause for amazement, and your be told which exceed everything worship, without making signs of that can be imagined, for they go the cross on yourself, or raising far beyond all the laws or limits of difficulties and pleading imposnature. Do not, your worship, re sibilities must yield your belief to it. quire further explanation, except I heard then, and almost saw with that they are of such a nature, that my eyes, those dogs, one of which is I consider my misfortunes well re called Scipio, and the other Berpaid, in having caused my being ganza, lying one night-the second landed in the hospital where I saw last that I concluded my sudorifics what I shall now relate to you, -stretched behind my bed on some which your worship will neither old mats, and in the middle of that now nor ever gişe credence to, nor night, during the dark, while I wag # The learned render will forgive my not translating the original literally. Capacha." The order of Snn Juan de Dios. The term Capache is applied in Andalusia to small baskets made of palm. It is applied to the brothers of the above holy order from hcir ancient practice of begging alms for the poor and receiving them in Capachas.

·The Deceitful Marriage. clv I sleepless, thinking on my past adven compelled, in spite of my own optures, and present miseries, I heard, nion, to believe that I did not say, voices near ine, and, listen dream, and that the dogs really ing most attentively to find out who spoke.' were the speakers, and what they Body of me," exclaimed the Lidiscoursed about, I in a short time cenciate, “ I declare the days of Madiscovered, by the tenor of their ricastana, when the pumpkins talkspeech, that the speakers were the ed, have come back again, or those two dogs Scipio and Berganza." of Esop, when the cock chatted with Scarcely had Campuzano spoken the fox, and other animals with these words when the Licenciate each other." rising up said “ I should be one of the greatest “ I wish your Worship Sir Cam of them," replied the Ensign, “if I puzano a very good morning. Up to believed that such a time had returnthis moment I was doubtful whe ed, but I should still be one, if I refusa ther I should believe or not in the ed to believe what I heard, what I story you told me of your marriage, saw, and what I will dare to swear but what you now tell me of having with such an oath as must compel heard dogs speak obliges me to incredulity itself to believe. But come to the decision of placing no taking it for granted that I have credence in anything you say. For been deceived, that my reality is a the love of God, Sir Ensign, do not dream, and my obstinacy in pressing relate such nonsensical stories to its belief a folly, would not your any one, unless he be as great a worship, Sir Peralta, like to see writfriend to you as I am. ten in a dialogue the things that “ Do not imagine me, your wor those dogs, or whoever they may be, hip, so very ignorant," replied Cam spoke ? puzano, as not to know that it “ On condition that your woris only by a miracle, that animals ship," replied the Licenciate, "does can speak. I am well aware that if not labour any more to persuade me thrushes, magpies, and parrots speak that you heard the dogs discourse they only repeat the words they I will, with the greatest pleasure, are taught and learn by rote, as the read the dialogue, which I consider tongues of these animals are peculi must be good, being written and ararly adapted to pronunciation. This ranged by your good talents, Sir Enhowever does not enable them to sign." epeak, and answer with well regula 6. There is another thing to be ted discourse as was the case with observed," said the Ensign, “ I was the two dogs. Many a time after I so attentive, and my judgment sa heard them, I have myself refused clear, the memory also go clear, to give credence to mysell, and have subtle, and unburdened (thanks to endeavoured to look upon as a dream the many raisins and almonds I had what I, with all my five senses, devoured) that I learned by rote such as God has been pleased to all that was said almost in the very give to me, wide awake, really lis words that were used, and I wrote tened to, heard, noted, and finally them down next day, without wrote down, preserving a proper searching for any Aowers of rhetoarrangement without missing one ric to adorn them. I neither added word. From this you will gather nor curtailed, for the purpose of sufficient proof to move and per. making the work more agreeable. suade you to believe the truth I tell The discourse was not confined to you. The subjects un which they one night--there were two followdiscoursed were various and great, ing each other-although I have more to be discussed by wise men only written that of one night, being than to be spoken by the mouths of the life of Berganza. That of his dogs. As it is impossible that I could companion Scipio (which was rehave invented them myself, I am lated the second night) I intend to ·clvi The Deceitful Marriage. on write when I learn that the first " I shall reoline" said the Enis believed or at all events not sign, this chair while your wordespised. I have the dialogue in ship reads, if you think fit, those my bosom. I wrote it in the form dreams or absurdities, which have of a dialogue to avoid the “said Sci nothing in them good, except the pio," "replied Berganza" " which power of throwing them aside, when lengthens and encumbers composi- they become wearisoine." tion." " Do as you please," replied Pe- Saying this he drew froin his ralta, " and I will shortly conclude breast a memorandum book and their perusal." placed it in the hands of the Licen The Ensign lay down, the Licenciate who took it laughing, as if he ciate opened the memorandum book, were inclined to turn into ridicule and in the beginning he saw written all that he heard and all that he ex the following title :- pected to read. COLOQUIO De Los PERROS.

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·Advertisements. THEIR VERY SUPERIOR PORT, IN QUARTS AND PINTS. CARBONELL'S PORT, IN QUARTS ONLY. SHAW AND MAXWELL'S CHAMPAGNE, OF FIRST RATE QUALITY IN QUARTS. STILL HOCKS, OF THE FINEST QUALITY, AND THE MOST APPROVED BRANDS. PETER HERRING AND KNUDSEN'S HERRI OHERRY BRANDY. 1 SIR FELIX BOOTH'S OLD TOM AND CORDIAL GIN, GENUINI MARASCHINO AND CURACOA. GENUINE PICKLED NATIVE OYSTERS, In small jars; a most delicious DISH for TIFFIN at home or on excursions GENUINI BOLOGNA SAUSAGLS. Stewed Mushrooms, Artichokes and Green Peas ; Fresh Salmon in one and two pound tips; Fresh lobsters, strongly recommended, Iced or in a Payo. Daise Salad ; Pate de Becasse, Pate de Beccassinos ; Pate de Faisan ; Pate de Perdrix Truffees ; Pata de Pluviers ; Pate D'Allouettes, &c. &c.; Saucisses Trutfees; Ortalans Traffees; Cepes a l'Huille; Patce de Foie Gras Truffees ; Assorted Potted Meats; Assorted Soups; Spiced and Corned Briskets and Rounds of Beef; Prime. English Ox Tongues ; Dressed English Rolled Ox Turgues ; Sardines in Oll and Butter; Herrings á la Sardines ; Smoked mouth Bloaters; CASTELL AND BROWN'S JAMS AND JELLIES. FORTNUM, AND MASON'S FANCY CONFECTIONERY. Patenç Barley and Groats, Homeopathic Cocoa, Assorted Sauces, &c. &c. Tart Pruits ; Fruits in Brandy and Noyeau for dessert ; Crystallised and Pruits Glacés, in small bottles and tins, French Prunes; Muscatel Bloon Raisins and Jordan Almonds ; Chocolate ; Comfits and Lozenges; Turkey Figs; Granulated Honey, &c. &c. F. W. BROWNB AND Co. Wine, Beer, and Spirit Merchants. & 9, Old Court House Street, ·Advertisements. DESERVING OF OF NOTICE. REAL OLD MANILLA CHEROOTS OF THE SEASON 1846-47. The undersigned respectfully beg to notify to their kind patrons and the public in general, that they have received 85,000 No. 3, and 50,000 No. 4, Manilla Cheroots of the above season, of the well-known brands of S. H. & B., 8. H. & CO., AND R. & S, which they can confidently recommend as the finest Cheroots that care and age can produce, having been manufactured more than four years back of the most choice and carefully picked Tobacco to special order. Also No. 1, AND No. 2, OF THE SEASON 1849-50. Early application is solicited from Mofussil Customers, as these really scarce. and valuable Cheroots are fast selling in Calcutta. FIRST TLAS OF THE SEASON 1851-52, SHORTLY EXPECTED FROM CHINA. The first portion of our Annual Indents of Teas of the senson 1851-52. We have received per Erin advices of our first indent for Teas being shipped at Canton, and we are now hourly expecting the arrival of them. We are assured by our Agents in China that the whole of them have been selected with the greatest care, and are of the finest quality. We therefore confidently recommend them to our Friends and the Public, and have fixed the following low prices on them : Imperia. Mixture, per Ib. Rs. 2 0 0 Chinam's ditto, 2 0 0 Howqua's ditto, 2 4 0 Keying's ditto, 2 8 0 Finest Imperial Hyson, 2 8 0 Ditto Young Hyson,. 2 8 0 Ditto Gunpowder, 3 0 0 The above Teas may be had in any quantity, and are warranted by F.W.B; and Co. to be the finest Teas procurable in India, and also guaranteed to reach. the most distant station in the Ewpire in perfect condition. .. . I. .. .. . . .. .. .. IMPORTANT NOTICE TO THE SPORTING COMMUNITY. The undersigned have just landed & few Regs of ALKEWRS, PARKER AND CO.'S CELEBRATED PATENT of the undermentioned numbers, and which they are prepared to sell at moderate prices. B. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. SHOT, ·Advertisements. OVERLAND REGULATION TRUNKS, PORTMAN- TEAUS, LEATHER AND CARPET BAGS AND HAT BOXES. The very best Town.made, and at very moderate prices for sale, at F. W. BROWNE AND Co.'s. ALSO, BY THE “ HINDOOSTAN," A CHOICE SELECTION OF DI LA RUH AND CO.'S MUCH ESTEEMED WEDDING STATIONERY, Of every description ; Plain and Fancy Stationery of the most fashionable kind in every rariety, consisting of the following :- Ladies' and Gentlemen's enamel Wedding ards with silver Torsade border, silver Tassels attached, ditto ditto, with Chenille Ties attached, ditto ditto small border, with silver cord attached, and Torsade Wedding Cards, for printing. Also, a most choice assortment of Wedding Envelopes, in neat boxes of 6 dozen in each, with a few quires of beautifully enchased Note and Letter Pa. per, for writing Wedding invitations. Also a large quantity of the most elegant Floral, fancy coloured border, Diurnal Damask, Ivory, Rosc and Violet Laid, Victoria Wave, cream and blue laid Note and Letter Paper, of sizes, Ladies' mediun Bank Post, Overland and Inland Letter Paper, with Envelopes to match. An assortment of Mourning Letter and Note Paper, with narrow, Italian, middle and broad border, ditto ditto, with Envelopes attached, also Ladies' and Overland Mediuin Bank Post and Inland Letter and Note Paper. An assortment of very chaste Fancy INITIAI., Morto, DIURNAL, fancy SILVER and Comic HICROGLYPHIC WAFERS, De la Rue's finest PLAYING Cards in every variety, Calcutta. F. W. BROWNE AND Co., Wine, Beer and Spirit Merchants. 8 & 9, Qld Court House Street. CALCUTTA. D'ROZARIO AND CO.'S LIBRARY, CALCUTTA. PREPARING FOR PUBLICATION, A MAP OF INDIA IN BENGALI. Stxe--4 feet 6 inches, by 3 feet 6 inches. Price-in sheets, One Rupee Four As.-on cloth, Two Rs. Eight Ag.-on rollers, Four Ro. et All orders for this cheap Map to be accompanied by remittances, ·Advertisements. HANDSOME PUNKAH PAPER, Of great a variety, of beautiful patterns, printed in colors, in rolls of -12 yards, 22 inches wide, at two Annas per foot. May also be used for papering rooms. Messrs. D'Rozario and Co. beg to call the attention of country residents, who can have their Punkahs elegantly covered for a trifle--about the usual cost of white-washing a Punkah. A Punkah covered with this Paper is to be seen at Messrs. D'Roxario and Co.'s. ... ... .. DOO ... .. ... 1. ... . II . ... ... ... ... .. . ... .. NEW BOOKS. Knight's Half Hours with the Best Authors, 4 vols. bound in 8vo. cloth, 6 0 Knight's Cyclopædia of the Industry of all Nations, (1851) 8vo. cloth,... 6 0 Mill's (J. S.) Systein of Logic; Ratiocinative and Inductive, 33 ed. 2 vols. 8vo cloth, 15 0 Fraser's Winter Journey ; from Constantinople to Tehran, 2 vols. 8vo. cloth, 5 0 Gens of Beauty ; displayed in a series of highly finished Engrayings of various subjects from designs by E. T. Parris, G. Cattermole, I. R. Herbert, and E. Corbould, Esqrs. engraved under the superintendence of Mr. C. Heath, folio, cloth, 20 0 Gilpin's Practical Hints upon Landscape Gardening; with some Reinarks on Domestic Architecture, plates, royal 8vo. extra cloth, (€1,) 8 0 Grahain's (Sylvester) Lectures on the Science of Life, 2 vols. 12mo. cloth, 10 0 Heads of the People ; or, Portraits of the English drawn by Kenny Meadows, with Original Essays by distinguished Writers, 8vo. cloth, 6 0 Illustrated Polytechnic Review and Weekly Record of Science, Arts, and Literature ; with Engravings, 2 vols. 4to. coth, (£2 88.) 16 0 Jerinyn's Book of English Epithets ; Literal and Figurative, imp 8vo. cloth,... Jerrold's Disgrace to the Family ; a Story of Social Distinction, with Illustrations, 8vo. cloth, 3 0 Kennion's Examples of Trees in Landscape ; with Essays showing the Propriety and Importance of Characteristic Expression in this Branch of Art, and the means of producing it, with many large additional plates, in all above 60 fine engravings of the various Trees grown in Great Britain, including numerous de tails and Elementary Lessons on their Foliage and Branches, imp. 4to. extra cloth boards, (pub. at £3 138. 6d.) 20 0 Ladies' Cabinet of Fashion, Music and Romance; with Plates, plain and colored, 2 vols. 8vo. cloth, gilt,... (155.) 7 0 La Trobe's Scripture Illustrations; being a series of engravings on Steel and Wood, illustrative of the Geography and Topography of the Bible, 4to. cloth,.. 10 0 I.. .. ... .. .. .. I. ... ... ... . ... .. ... .. ...

·VI Advertisements. ... ... .. ... ... .. U.. .U ... ... DIA ... ... ... ... ... .. ... .. . ... ... . ... Lavater's Essay on Physiognomy; designed to promote the Knowledge and the Love of Mankind, translated into English by Thomas Holcroft; to which are added One Hundred Physiognomical Rules, a Posthumous Work by Mr. Lavater, and Memoirs of the Author, principally from the Li'e of Lavater by Gessner; 4th ed. with upwards of four hundred Profiles and other Engravings, 8vo. cloth,... (218.) 100 Ditto ditto, abridged, 12mo. cloth, (48.) 2 0 Lees' Law of Shipping and Insurance, with a Copious Index, containing the existing Statutes, Custom House and Pilot's Regulations, Form of Deeds, Writs, &c. &c. second edition, 12.no..... 4 0 Leland's View of the Principal Deistical Writers that have appeared in England in the last and present century, 8vo. cloth, (12s.) 5 a Lodge's Portraits of Illustrious Personages of Great Britain, with Biographical and Historical Memoirs of their Lives and Actions, with 240 Portraits, beautifully engraved on Steel, Cabinet Ed. 8 vols. foolscap 8vo. cloth, (£2. 128.) 24 0 Macaulay's Critical and Historical Essays; complete in one vol. new ed. 8vo. cloth, 12 8 Mardon on Billiards ; with Diagrams, 4to. cloth, 5 0 Maunder's Trensuries, each, 6 0 Maxwell's Soldier on Service ; or, Adventures in the Camp and Field, 2 vols. 12mo. cloth. 5 0 Medwin's Angler in Wales ; or, Days and Nights of Sportsmen, 2 vols. 8vo., 6 0 Memoir of the War in India ; conducted by General Lord Lake, Commander-in-Chief, and Major General Sir Arthur Wellesly, Duke of Wellington. By Major William Thorn, with Map and Plans, 4to. 5 0 Miller's Godfrey Malvern ; or the Life of an Author, 8vo. cloth, 6 0 Moore's Poetical Works; complete in one vol. 8vo. 12 8 Morell's Elements of the History of Philosophy and Science; from the earliest Authentic Records to the commencement of the Eighteenth Century, 8vo. half cloth, (128.) 6 0 Museum Criticum; or, Cambridge Classical Researches, 2 vols. 8vo. cloth... (£2.) 120 Nuttall's Classical and Archäological Dictionary of the Manners, Cu Ims, Laws, Institutions, Arts, &c. of the celebrated Nations of Antiquity and of the Middle Ages ; to which is added a Synoptical and, Chronological View of Ancient History, 8vo. cloth, (168.) 60 Type and Copper Plate Printing, neatly and expeditiously executed on moderate terms, by D'Rozario and Co. Maps mounted and varnished in & superior manner, also copied, coloured, englarged or reduced. TERMS-CASH. P. S. D'ROZARIO AND Co. Calcutta, Tande Square, Feb. 18, 1852. 1. ... ... ... ... .. I. . .. B. .. ... .. ...

·Advertisements. HEALTH FOR ALL!!! WM w The time has now come when the public health in India must be more attentively considered with a view to its preservation and improvement. Notwithstanding the number of Medical Gentlemen employed in the Country, it is a well known fact that hundreds of our Countrymen are annually consigned to an early grave, or compelled to return to England with shattered constitutions; no class of people on earth are so physickēd-aye--and physicked with poison too-and yet with hundreds of Doctors within the three Presidences--and medicines innumerable--the mortality in India is greater than in any other of our Colonies. The average age to which persons live in this country is 40 years. Another startling fact is, that one-half of all the children born of European parents in India, die before they reach their fifth year, and in many unhealthy Stations a large portion of these die within the first year. What can more clearly demonstrate the fact, that while the Residents in India have becn physicked by a large standing Army of Doctors, they have not been taught the best mode of preserving their health. One truth must be clearly understood and consistently acted upon, namely, that all the diseases to which the human frame is subject, arise from an impure state of the blood. Let this vital principal be freed from impurities, and disease cannot take place. PURE AIR AND PURE BLOOD. The relationship between pure air and pure blood is very intimate. The office of the lungs is to decarbonize the blood. Previously to its passing through those organs it is of a dark black colour, in consequence of its being charged with Carbon ; it is then termed venous blood. When it comes into contact with the oxygen of the atmosphere, it is purged from the Carbon and changed to a beautiful crimson; it is then termed arterial blood. If the surrounding air be foul, charged with miasma of Carbonic acid gas, which has escaped from the lungs of individuals or from putrid matter, it is impossible that the blood should be changed from venous into arterial. The object of the blood is to convey a replenishing principle to every part of the human frame for the purpose of repairing the waste which is constantly going on. But if it has come in contact with impure air, it gallops through the system, charged---not with health and vigour-but with a discasc-engendering princip hence low, intermittent fevers, dysentery, cholera, and other fearful W. vases. AN EFFICACIOUS REMEDY FOR ALL DISEASBS. Now if disease arise from the cause thus described-who can question the philosophy or doubt the efficacy of the Hollowayen System. Unlike Doctors in general, he shows how disease may be prevented, or if ita presence be detected, he shows them what is the cause. Of course, he says, If you are suffering from disease take my Pills." For while Professor Holloway's Pills are perfectly free from poison--they are at the same time charged with a powerful disease-exterminating principle. Being taken into the system--they assimilate with the blood, and the vital Auid is thus charged with an element, which wages war with every unhealthy obstruction- a work of emancipation commences and most pleasuring are the reqults.

·VIII Advertisements. COMPLAINTS OF THE LIVER, THE LUNGS AND THE STOMACH REMOVED. The Liver bitherto morbid in its action is freed from unhealthy secretions, acrimonious bile is carried off, and along with it distressing pain in the right side, and a burning sensation at the Stomach, the sallowness of the skin vanishes and is succeeded by a healthy liver. The Lungs, which had been held in thraldom by vitiated humours, causing a constant hacking cough, is set free by the use of these Pills, so that respiration becomes easy. The Siomach, in which impurities had been allowed to accumulate, causes nausea, violent headache, indigestion, nervousness, burning sensation and acute pain, bowel complaints, sleepless nights, and a host of other evils, the stomach is completely cleaned of its misery-making occupants, by a few doses of this extraordinary medicine. MALIGNANT CHOLERA ROBBED OF ITS VICTIMS. This disease, which is so common in India, results from a redundancy and putrid acrimony of the bile. Now Holloway's Pills by cleansing the intestines, and imparting vigour to the whole nervous system are of admirable use as a preventive; but when this use of them has been overlooked, the actual attacks of Cholera may be mitigated by a timely and persevering use of them. The stomach and bowels will thus be effectually freed from all vitiated humours, and the various functions speedily restored to their proper tone. RHEUMATISM AND GOUT PREVENTED AND CURED. And what is Rheumatism! It is a painful disease, affecting the joints and limbs-caused by an accumulation of impurities. How common is the exclamation, “ I have caught a cold, and it has brought on that tirea some excruciating pain on my shoulders or limbs !" "Do you wish to know why this pain? We will tell you, and, which is still better, we will tell you how to get rid of it. By means of respiration and perspiration the human system is continually throwing off waste matter. "LAVOISIER, the celebrated French Chemist, states that the skin alone during every four and twenty hours parts with 20 ounces of useless matter. This supposes health and favourable circumstances. But should any of this matter be thrown back into the system, proportionate disease must sarily ensue. You spend some time in a heated place, or drive our visiting during the hot months, and the pores of your body become open and sensitive; you go in this state under a punkha or perhaps lie down on a couch right before the "tatties," and fall asleep. The pores are suddenly closed--perspiration is obstructed, and the waste matter remaining in the system become a fruitful source of disease and pain. The next morning your eyes swim, your voice is husky and you feel pain, and you'exclaim, " what a beastly country! I have taken cold from just sitting near the tatties," and then how do you act? You do not as you ought,ut once seek to free the systein from impure obstructions, but you content yourself with some mere palliative, you lose some of the first unpleasant sensations, but the impurities still Jurk within you ? Every now and then you feel twitching, torturing pains in your limbs; but those pains are sent in inercy, and their language is you ·Advertisements, IX have broken a physicial law : your want of care hus caused unhealthy obstructions; get rid of these, and you will be free from pain; allow these to remain and pains still more fearful will be the result.' This alone can be effectually done by resorting to a course of Holloway's Pills and Ointment, which will, in a few days, remove these obstructions, and restorc health and vigour to the whole system. DISEASES IN GENERAL. The same may be said of the other, and almost numberless diseases rising from this fertile, this cole cause of all diseases the impurities of the blood-and none who have used these invaluable Medicines have been disappointed. The grateful aspirations of thousands in every part of the world furnish abundant demonstration that never was a Medicine employed, at once so safe and so salutary, so powerful to conquer disease, yet so harmless that an infant may take it with safety. Wherever these Pills and Ointment have been known they have been regarded as a blessing and are held in the highest estimation as an invaluable Medicine, and every resident in India ought to have a box of the Pills and a Pot of the Ointment in his Bungalow, both for himself, his family, his servants, and his friends. Sold in Boxes and Pots, at 1, 2-8, 4-8, 11, 12, and 33 Rupees each. Directions for their use in all diseases accompany each Box and Pot. AGENTS FOR INDIA. Thomas Payne and Sons, 7-8, Writers' Buildings, Calcutta ; Mr. Cook, Dacca; Mr. Fell, Cuttack, Mr. Chapman, Darjeeling; Mr. Wheeler, Hazareebaugh ; Messrs. Thomas and Co., Monghyr; F. Smith and Co., Dinapore ; Tuttle and Charles, Benares ; Mr. Tiernan, Chunar Baboo Rhugbutty Churn Chuckerbutty, Mirzapore; Builard and Co., Allahabad ; Brandon and Co., Lucknow; Greenway Brothers, Cawnpore ; Mr. Pyle, Futtyghur ; Mr. J. A. Gibbons, Meerut; Noor Buksh and Co., Delhi and Lahore ; MacDonald and Co., Umballah ; Mr. Coutes, Ferozepore; Nuby Bux and Co., Loodianah and Jullundur Doab ; Vivian and Co., Simlah ; Mr. Greig, Mussoorie ; Mr. Johnstone, Nainee Tall; Pestonjee and Ca., Mhow ; Cursetjee and Co., Saugor, Jubbulpore, Kamptee and Secundrabad ; Hülse and Nephew, Agra. N. B.-Directions in " Oordoo" and " Gooxerutee" can also be had for taking the Medicines. EDUCATION. KNOLLSWOOD AGADEHY--SILLA. CARDS OF PARTICULARS, (WITII UNEXCEPTIONABLE REFERENCES) Forwarded on Requisition. PRINCIPAL-H. WALLACE.

·Advertisements. THE DEHLI GAZETTE LITHOCRAPHIC PRESS. . In a former Circular, the Proprietors of the Dehli Gazette Lithographic Prous expressed their desire to introduce the system of Cash payment for their Lithographic Forms, for which object the prices were considerably reduced. The Managing Proprietor, with referonce to the comparative cheapness with which paper can now be imported direct from England, is glad to be able to announce that he has further reduced the prices of printed Forms for Caslı pay. ments. The rates given below are redaced about TWENTY-FIVE per cent., and the terms of sale from the 1st of March, 1851, will be cash in three months after despatch of the forms; if in that time payment is not made, Ten por cont, interest will be charged on account. Packing will be charged for. FOR NATIVE INFANTRY. CASH CASH RATES RATES 70 DOZ. W 100. .. .. .. .. . .. I. . . . .. c .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. 1. .. . . . .. . .. I. 0 .. .. . . .. Monthly Returns, Rs. 8 11- Morster Rolls for Company, 8 11 0 Copy ditto ditto, 0 7—0 Pay Abstracts ditto, 8 11- Acquittance Rolls, 0 7- 0 Muster Rolls, Adjutant's Establishment, 8 ]1-0 Copy Muster Rolls ditto, 7-0 Pay Abstracts ditto,.. 0.-12 5–8 Muster Rolls for Interpreter and Q.-M.'s Establishments, 0-12 5-8 Copy ditto ditto ditto, 0-8 3 8 Pay Abstracts for Interpreter and Q.-M.'s Establishments, 8 jl 8 Acquittance Rolls ditto ditto, 8 Inspection Returns, with back, 2 4 16 8 Confidential Reports, 3 Sheets in each, 4 8 33 8 Quarterly Reports of Bazar, 0-12 5-8 Alphabetical Long Roll, 0-12 Present states,.. 7-18 Dischar Certificates, 8 3-2 Jeave Certificates, Review Rall of Childsen,. 0 8 3-10 Disposition Returns,..“ 0 Descriptive Roll of Payoo, 4 1-2 Receipts for the Treasury,.. 0 4 18 Roll of European Non-Commissioned Officers, 3 8 Casualty List of ditto, 0-12 Letters to Collectors for Family Remittance Drafts, 3 8 Indents on the Magazine for Stores, 8 38 Bills for the Subsistence of Recruits, 8 38 Field Returns, 0 7 0 Statoement of Cash Balance, 4 1-12 Accont of Half Mounting, 4 1-12 Recpts for Payering Drafts, 1-18 Letters for Patients into Hospitals, 03 Present States of a Detachment, 0- 8 8 Feild Oficer's Pay Abstracto, .. 0- 8 3 8 . C d. . . 5. .. .. . .. .. U. .. . . .. 0. . . P .. .. 0. . . • .. . .. 4. . .. . .. .. . VO .. . .. I.

·Advertisements. XI FOR NATIVE INFANTRY. CASH CABH RATRS RATES * DOZ, H 100. . . .. 1 12 er .. .. .. .. . . Review Rolls of Recruits,.. Rs. 1 0 7- Half Yearly Return of Arms, 0 8 3 Quarterly Return of ditto, 0 0 Nominal Roll of Men, Registers of Regimental ('ourts Martial,.. 0-12 5- 8 Invaliding Committee Rolls, containing 3 Sheets each, ** 8 33-0 Family Remittance Drafts, 0 4 1-12 Ditto on Court of Directors, 8 3 - 8 Proceedings of a Committel for Pension,.. 0 Report of the Subaltern Officer of the Day, 0 8 3 Descriptive Roll for Sepoy's Petition at Lugknow, 3 As. per copy. Forms for applications of Leave of Absence; by. Gt O. of the 10th July 1849. Price per Copy, 6 annas. *If additional sheets are required, the price will be increased proportionately . .. . .. 1 7 .. FOR THE BRIGADE MAJOR'S OFFICE. CASA CASH RATES RATES * DOZ. V 100. .. . . .. O. . .. .. . .. ۱۳۹۳ ۱۹۴۳ U. . . .. 1 . .. .. .. U. Friit uuriin ang taong ito ang na 1 - . .. . .. . .. .. OOOOOOOOO .. .. .. I. - . . .. Muster Rolls, Rs. 0-8 3 8 Copy ditto,.. 0 8 3 Pay Abstracts, 0 8 3 8 Present States,.. 0 Returns of General and Station Staff Officers, with Abstract 0 of Public Cattle aud detail of Orderlies and Guards,.. 0 7-8 Acknowledgment of Division Orders, 8 3 Return of Staff Command and Non-Command Officers, 0 8 3 0 List of Officers and Staff who have come to the Station, 8 3- FOR SAPPERS, MINERS AND PIONEERS. Monthly Returns, 8 11. uster Rolls, 8 il Copy ditto,.. 7 Pay Abstracts, 8 11 Leave Certificates, 0 8 3 Review Rolls of Children,.. 8 3 Present States, Working Pay Rolls,.. Ditto ditto Bill,.. FOR LIGHT CAVALRY. Monthly Returns, 8 11. Muster Rolls, 8 11 Centre Sheets to ditto, 8 11- Copy of Muster Rolls, 0 Centre Sheets to ditto, 0 7- 8 11- Pay Abstracts, FOR IRREGULAR CAVALRY. Monthly Returns,.. 1 8 11 Muster Rolls, 1 8 11- Centre Sheets to ditto, 8 Il 0 Pay Abstracts, 8 11 Discharge Certificates, 4 1-18 7 0 Disposition Returns, Centre Sheets to Pay Abstracts, 1-.0.11 .. .. .. . .. . OC | 111 .. .. .. .. . . . .. . .. . . .. .. . .. .. .. .. . . .. . .. . . 1 ·XII Advertisements. FOR A TROOP OF HORSE ARTILLERY. . CASH CASH RATES RATED 9D02. + 100. Rs. 0-12 5 8 8 11 8 11 0 3 2 27 4 8 33 0 3 27 8 0 1 - Monthly Returns, Muster Rolls, Pay Abstracts, Inspection Returns, 24 sheets, for Europeans, Confidential Reports, sheets, Inspection Returns for Natives, Brigade Mouthly Returns, Copy Muster Rolls, Leave Certificates, . .. . . .. FOR A COMPANY OF FOOT ARTILLERY. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. - . . .. .. .. 1. .. .. Monthly Returns, Muster Rolls, Centre Sheets ditto, half Sheet, Pay Abstracts, Confidential Reports, 2 Sheets, Inspection Returns, for Natives, Ditto for Europeans,.. Descriptive Casualty Rolls for Europeans, Ditto for Natires, 0-12 8 8 II. 0-12 58 18 11. 3 0 22 4 8 33- 3 8 27 0 8 3- . . .. .. . . . . .. .. obchod . .. .. .. . FOR LOCAL BATTALIONS. .. .. .. .. .. 1 1 B. . .. .. . . .. . .. .. .. .. .. . .. . IC Monthly Returns, 8 11 Muster Rolls, 8 11. Centre Sheets ditto, 8 11 Pay Abstracts, 8 11- Centre Shects, 11- Cash BOOKS READY BOUND, FULL, ROUGH CALF. Rates 7o copy New Descriptive Roll, without Guard Book,.. Rs. 14– New Descriptive Long Rolls, &c., agrerably to General Orders, in Guard Books, containing 116 sheets, for 116 men, 20- Muster Rulls, Pay Abstracts, and Acquittance Rolls, 11- Monthly Returns for Adjutants, for 3 years, Regimental Descriptive Registers, 12- SUŃDRY BOOKS AND PAPERS. Dawk Book, Monthly Return Book for Horse Artillery, for 5 years, Ditto ditto for Foot Artillery, ditto,.. Music Paper for a Band, at per Quire,.. Formas of Wills, per sat, 8 Ditto of General Power of Attorney, 010 Bills of Exchange, per Bet, 0-3 It is particularly regnested, that Gentlemen ordering any forms not specified above, or requiring alterations from thosc usurlly required, will have the goodness to send Sample Forms with the orders, so as to save time and expense. If Officers of any one regiment, or in any one Station, will arrange to take a supply of Forms together, they will save considerably in Carriage, postage, &c. .. . ma .. . c .. . . .. I. ..

·Advertisements. XIII CASH RATES PRICE OF FORMS NOT SPECIFIED. go 100. .. .. .. . Forms on whole Sheet Demy Paper, not less than 500 copies, Ditto on half ditto, Ditto on whole Sheet Foolscap Paper, Ditto on half ditto ditto,.. Dittu on Quarter ditto ditto, Ry- 11. 8 7 3 8 1-12 . . . .. FORMS FOR HER MAJESTY'S REGIMENTS. .. . .. .. .. U. .. .. . . .. .. . . .. .. .. . .. Lithographed and Printed Forms, used by Her Majesty's Regiments serving in India, can be had on application to the Dehli Gazette Press, on the follow ing terms : Muster Rolls, per hundred, Rs. 11 O Parade States, ditto, 3 0 Ration Indent, ditto, 2 8 Sick Reports, 2 0 Non-Effective Returns (3 forms) each per hundred, 4 8 Company's Ledger, with Index, containing 120 sheets of General Let. ter,ruled and bound in rough Calf, J6 0 Company'sOrder Book ditto ditto, (half the size.) 8 0 Company's Day Book ditto ditto, (quarter size,) 6 0 Every description of Military and Civil Forms, Bill-heads, Notices, phlets, and Persian and Naguree Books can be executed at the Press on very moderate rates. A large stock of the Forms in use is always on land, and new Forms can be executed at the shortest notice. All applications to be made to J. O'B. SAUNDERS, MANAGING PROPRIETOR, Dehli Gazette Press, post-paid, and to whom all remittances should be inade. Drafts and Bills should be endorsed, ay to J. O'B. SAUNDERS, or order." .. . an. 66 BOOKS FOR SALE AT TIIE DEHLI GAZETTE PRESS FOR CASH ONLY. Apply, Post-Paid, to Mr. J. O'B. SAUNDERS. Erskine's Book of Forms, 2nd Edition, Price, Rs. 16 MacGregor's Diseases in India, 5 A Treatise on the Blue Epidemic Cholera, by Dr. W. L. McGregor, Abstract of General Orders, sold for the benefit of the Lawrence Asylum. First Part, from 1841 to 1845, 7 Second Part, from 1845 to 1847, with Index to both parts, 3 Index only, ... ... ... ... 0.. .. .. ... .. .

·XIV Advertisements. ...... ... ... ... ... .. .. ... ... ... I.. ... .. II. .. ... The Sights or Delli, (sold for a charitable purpose.), Rs. 1 Authorised Pay and Audit Regulations for the Bengal Army, neatly bound, 8 TRANSLATIONS by Capt. Hollings. Premsagar, 6 Bytal Pucheesec, 5 The orders to be accompanied by a Remittance, with 8 annas for pack. ing if wax cloth be required. JOB AND LITHOGRAPHIC WORKS Of every description, can be neatly and expeditiously executed at this Press, where Civil, Military and other Lithographed Forms, and Bound Books, Cheque Books, Dawk Books, Ruled Music Books, and Ruled Music Paper, may always be had, with Lists of Prices. Just Published, BY Lieut. Col. CHARLES JAMES COLLIE DAVIDSON, Late Bengal Engineers, T A B A, THE T H ES UTTLE, AN INDIAN DRAMA IN FIVE ACTS, With most Copious Notce, original and selected, Most faithfully depicting the existing state of purely Native Society in India, the Religion of its People, and their opinions of their FOREIGN RULERS. One Volume Octavo, Richly Bound in Silk, Gilt and Lettered, ONE GUINEA. Sent to India 19 Rs, delſvered at Calcutta, and 9 Rs., bouod handsomely in cloth, but not gilt. w TO BE HAD ONLY OF THE AUTHOR AND PUBLISHER, No. 5, STOCKWELL PARK ROAD, LONDON. It is requested that the Names and Addresses may be fully legible.

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