·First Reprint, June 1953 Price Re YA 4 or let

·CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
I Economic Trends and the Financing of the Plan
II Agncultural Programmes
11 National Extension Service and Community Projects
V Irrigation and Power
V Industry
'I Transport and Communications
11 Social Services
11 Land Reform
Public Cooperation and Public Participation
ANYESURES

·programmes may be organised and developed Such studies are part of a continuous programme which the Planning Commission has drann up For these reasons while the present report gives in broad outline n account showing the progress made some of the conclusions are able to be revised in the light of further information One point deserves to be emphasised Many vital parts of the Plan the sphere of the States The Centre can assist in various the framework of the National Plan the main ility for increasing agricultural production transforming social and economic life of the villages by building from below organising public support and enthusiasm for the Plan rests with the States The Plan is a joint national enterprise in which the Centre and the States are partners united in a common purpose and working with agreed policies in different fields of national development It is therefore important that both the Central and State Governments should place their obligations towards the fulfilment of the Plan above ail other claims While this progress report points to a measure of achievement there are aspects in which the record of work described herein amounts in fact to a plea for more intensive and sustained endeavour for greater sacrifice for more determined efforts on the part of the administration and for wider response from the people NEW DELHI May 14 1953 V T KRISIINAMACHARI Deputy Chairman Planning Commission ·CHAPTER X ECOVOIIC TRENDS AND THE FINANCING OF THE PLAN The Fute Icar Plan came formally into operatioa as from pril 1931 In appraising the progress of the Plan in the first to ars it is necessary to keep in mind that the first draft of the Plan as published only in July 1951 and that the des elopment xpenditure for the scar 1931 52 visualised in the Plan kas based on he provisions already made in the Central and Slate badgets for at Car The economic situation in the latter hall of 1950 and foc carly part of 1921 was characterised by high inlabonary ressures and it as necessary therefore to keep down public 21 estment to the minimum consistent sith the commitmnaus lready made By 1952 53 the break in the horcan var boon hd onsiderably reduced these pressures It 135 also becoming sident that the programme ol desclopment framed carlier would all short of the needs of the countrs and would hare to be trengthened at points In colequercc in 1932 53 a beginning as made with some new schemes like corrmunity projec. and arter prol 1510ns were also made for projects already unde mplementation. Thus the outlas on derclopment in 1952-53 was bver Rs CO Crores higher than in 1931 52 ard ncarl: Rs 90 crore righer than in 1950-1 2. Orcr thc **o scars 191 and 19..? 3 the expenditu c on he Play has been app oximalch Ns Sww cos One 70 parer! I the proposed descinprent outlas of Rs 2009 crores renairs to Cincuted in the remaining three year A subs ay 21 frercase I ronti R E0 crores oser the 1952-3 lcic has bring bud rod or in the curren vcar bu to empo of erpindi use will lase lo we sterd up further in 1931 w and 19 - 3 in the crosso 37 a leu home I ketcSnd Fc 11 s.-- Fac ory an.inc Chi an'an lammelse teks he calmade sell unter was when the Play sarad se compleed and me paducing PL 15 per part ler c'the praf to In the Pian wr die 'o complets in this part l'any Toppens Hass bronse and - Stem f niecos be they will be plan and here begin a arte a large scale relslote! henrith **** than Ds en ]: ** the P orea Fase be teme a pe chiese her **Amerim ch the forces por me) ant les pattern ·PROGRESS REPORT 1951 53 reach its peak The effects of a large part of the investment in this period on production will not also be in evidence for some time yet ECONOMIC TRENDS 4 Though the impact of the major projects in the Plan on production has still to show there are signs of a general improve ment in the levels of domestic output Production of raw materials mparticularly of jute and cotton-has regsstered significant increases The greater availability of raw materials has in turn helped to make possible fuller utilisation of installed capacity ra the manufacturing industries which was one of the major objecuves of the Plan-and industrial output has gone up by about 20 per cent as compared to 1950 Precise data are not available on the output of foodgrains but there is evidence of recent expansion in acreage under cultivation and in consequence there has been possibly also some increase in production These increases together with the Improvement in railway transport are beginning to create conditions in which higher rates of investment can be sustained without imposing excessive pressures on the consumption standards of the people 5 The increases in production it would appear have not led to corresponding increases in incomes available for consumption. This is only partly explained by the progressive increase in the national output diverted to investment Since 1950 51 the terms of trade of the country have deteriorated to the extent of about 20 per cent export prices have tended to fall and import prices have either not fallen correspondingly or have in some cases risen In consequence a larger volume of exports is necessary to purcha e the same volume of imports as before and this has had inevitably its repercussions internally fi in the general economic situation the more serious development has however been the appearance of signs of growing unerployment The precise nature of this phenomenon can be assessed only 1 th more complete information on the location and extent of the unemployment than we have at the moment There has always been and undoubtedly continues to be the chronıc under employment which is the result of insufficient economic develop mert to this there is no quick or easy solution The extent of the additional unemployment whuch has come up and the points at which it has tended to show itself need careful studs It S possible that it is largely a consequence of the break in world prices the deterioration in terms of trade and the effect of these on domestic incomes In this case a revival in world prices or alternatively increases in the rate of domestic investment should correct the adverse trends it would also appear that the growth ·ECO OXIC TRENDS AND THE FINANCING OF TTLE PLL 3 in unemployment recently in evidence is mainls an urban phenor menon caused by a sharp contraction in trading incomes in the agri cultural sector the decline in real incomes on account of deteriora tion in terms of trade is not only liyeis to be sprcad more videly but is likely to be brought about through declining prices for agri cultural products rather than through more unemployment These are tentative observations in view of the vital importance of the problem they must be subjected to closer cxamination and study 7 In assessing the cconomic trends of these last two years it is important to bear in mind that this period has seen in India as clscw here a quick transition from the inflationary conditions of over a decade to more normal conditions of p oduction and trade The Plan came into operation at a time when the post war innation was at its peak The index of wholesale prices (icar ended August 1939=100) which was about 301 in August 1947 and had been stablised ofter the decontrol experiment late in 1947 at arourd 330 touched 458 in April 1951 In the two scars that have passed since inflation-latent as well as open-has been brought under control This was partly the result of external influences but the financial policy of the Governncni-enforced through budgety credit and foreign trade measures has been an impo tant con ributor fac or in mayıng it pos able to take adiantage of the charge in cricrnal conditions These policies have been broadly in conformity with the suggestions of the Plannirs Commission, 8 The d sindation has undoub edir been benefic 11 Tirp foc lcscl has fallen belos the pre-korean sar Icicl and the fructure of relative prices within the cronomy is more in balance In par! cular i pr er parties are more conducitc to le attaignant of the targets in food product or With the in a thrt ins already tal en place in agricul wc and musy thro priezmierenis hiie helped to rers benth 13 tipas no on of the couro L The dan in 11 am 11 required for cand The O Crylactha tend to be morir dando 125 : o irrten in the same $a signy cl den perspringen 1'e ** tendit all 2. CSIC top boven erresp. ***** be damn Fyn * 3 ·PROGRESS REPORT 1951 53 evidence of some check to intestment activity in manufacturing industries there are signs of increase in building activity Despite for instance a rise sa production of about 35 per cent in cement as compared to 1950 51 there are as set no signs of supplies proving to be in excess of demand Nevertheless any persistent tendency for investment in manufacturing industnes to fall must be a matter of concern and is among the things which non need looking into more closery DEFICIT FINANCING AND THE PLAN 10 in the scheme proposed in the Commission & Report for financing the Plan the normal budgetary resources of the Central and State Governments were to meet over the five years Rs 1258 crores of the planned developmental outlay of Rs 2069 crores After allowing for deficit financing to the extent of Rs 290 crores (corresponding to the sport surplus that could be financed from the relea es from India s sterling balances) there remained a gap of Rs 521 crores This was to be covered by external assistance and to the extent necessary by measures of additional taxation and borrowing or further deficit financing 11 In the two years the Plan has been in operation the outlay on development has been Rs 584 crores Of this approximately Rs 363 crores 1 estimated to have been found by the Central and State Governments through savings from current resenue surpluses of government ou ned enterprises and through loans small savings deposits and other miscellaneous sources The net sum from foreign loans and grants taken credit for in this period amounts to Rs 106 crores The balance of Ks 115 crores it is estimated was covered by the Central and State Governments by sale of securities held in reserve and by drawing down there cash balances 12 The gap in resources of Rs 115 crores referred to above is not exactly comparable with the deficit financing visualised in the Plan Deficit financing arises out of an excess of government expenditure over receipts from the public Such an excess whether financed by drawing upon cash balances (othert se held in the Reserve Bank or in treasunes) or by borrowing from the Reserve Bank would have the effect of expanding the money supply held by the public The decline in the cash balances of the Central and State Governments in the first two years of the Plan is estimated at about Rs 102 crores There has however been no net Govera ment borrowing from the Reserve Bank either by sale of treasury bills or of other Government securities to it In fact the holdings of rupee securities by the Reserve Bank have gone down by ·ECOSOLIC TRIXIDS AD TIE TRANCEAG OF TIL PLAX 6 over Rs 40 crores in this period. To the extent that this decline in Reserve Bant holdings is due to transactions with the Government It is clearly a reduction in credit cxtended to the Government and hence an ofl set to the deficit financing as measured by the fall in cash balances To the extent that the decline is attributable to absorption of securities by the public it is a source of financc visualised in the Plan In the estimates presented in the Commissions Report thic absorptune capacity of the public in regard to Government securities was placed at Rs. 115 crores over the five-year period and was assumed to accruc vit new Issues In the first two years of the Plan under resics there has been no net receip's by way of fresh isues and in fact there has been a ne out go of about Rs 9 crorcs on account of maturing securites. This on a closer vicu need not be regarded as a shortfall in resources compared 10 the original esumates to the extent that old issues of securitics have been absorbed by the public. Some of the deciine in the Reseno Banks holdings of securities might of course have been on account of direct sales to the public as part of its monctary policy and might not redlcct normal absorptre capacity of the market II «c marcan allow ance of about Rs 15 crores for this deficit financing in the sense of cxccss Goscrament expenditure met by creation of money would work out at about Rs 75 crores 13 The above estimate live all the estimates presented in this reven is based on the accounts for 1931-52 and the resised cº matcs for 195 13 Judging from the mos cments balnnccs hold by the Central and State Governments with the Re cnc Bank the actual deficit financing in this pariod corrs likely to hauc been lover by perhaps Rs 30 to 40 crores. 14 This defcit financing has been moc than o sn bs irrps ! surpluscs ananerd from ste I rg releases. The to al balarce of pas rrents delicit to th.s per od 12 approximates R. 103 cuci but about Rs 110 ctcres of th.s is accouried fo- bs puchans fy hyn US Food Loan fans rece sed under the Colcoy Pod 101ns in the mirrr na! Dani for which CIU *** Αίτη 16 ilen bloc the lude and *urr 15 francet ir ertlcacs cre sol Olle ·6 PROGRESS REPORT, 1951 53 releases and the credit policy followed by the Reserve Bank account together for only a part of the marked fall in money supply that ha occurred in the period under review The total decline in domestic money supply may be estimated at around Rs 115 crores* Of this only Rs 15 crores or so can be traced to the excess of import surpluses over budgetary deficits Reduction in bank credit through louer advances and investments explain approximately another Rs 35 to 40 crores of the decline The remaining fall is mainly due to a shift fror demand to time deposits (which is a decline in muzey supply only in a formal sense) and an outflow of short term capital which had been brought into the country earuer under boom conditions to finance trade 16 The large decline in money supply in 1951 52 was due to a large import surplus financed by sterling releases coupled with practically no deficit financing this helped to create conditions in which the decline in world prices could be taken advantage of and a general disinfation brought about in the economy In 1952 53 here ha not only been a large measure of deficit financing by Government but the country as a whole has been developing export surpluses and accumulating sterling Despite this there has been no marked revival of inflationary pressures That the excess liquidity in the system has been wiped out by the decline in money supplv and the simultaneous increase in production is therefore reasonably established and this in the context of the improvement in balance of payments portion justifies a more liberal policy in the financing of investment expenditures BUDGETARY RESOURCES OF THE CENTRAL AND STATE GOVERNMENTS 17 The main heads under which budgetary resources were expected to become available for the Plan and the amounts 1 hich Th const tu nt clem nts in th 3 decline in monty supply will b seen from the follow End of End of End of March 1951 March 1952 Mar h 1953 Notes ncrcufat on 104 I 099 1 133 Papec con 140 22) 133 Depost lab I tie of the Reserve Bank (exclud ng bal nees held by government and scheduled bank) 72 66 Demand I ab lues of schedul d bunks (nclud ng inte bank depos :) 616 567 545 0277125 Cash resents of ch duled banks 35 34 33 1997 1 825 18.1 of the decline shown above about Rs 49 crores was due to return of India currency notes circulating abroad 63

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·8 PROGRESS REPORT 1951 53 States have gained to the extent of Rs 20 crores annually as from 1952 53 as a result of the award of the Finance Commission. Among the States Part A States have done on the whole slightly better than Part B States this being mainly because the expectations of the latter in regard to loans from the public have remained unfulfilled Taking Part A and B States together the lag in budgetary resources (excluding Central assistance) raised for the Plan de largely traceable to a few States 1951 53 Target for 1951 56 93 8 32 3 Madras Bihar West Bengal Mysore Saurashtra 32 70 97 3 I 30 20 O 27 I I24 208 2 In other States also (except in the case of one or two like Madhya Pradesh and Orissa) there have been shortfalls compared to the amounts that should have been raised in these two years at the average annual rate visualised in the Plan but these have been relatively small 19 The comparatively satisfactory progress of the Centre is explained mainly by the additional measures for raising revenues taken in 1951 52 (which on an average were expected to yield over Rs 40 crores per annum) and the large yield in that year from export duties on account of the Korean war boom The additional revenue from export duties was in the nature of a share in the gain to the country from the temporary improvement in terms of trade and it has naturally vanished with the boom From 1951 53 receipts from other heads have also tended to fall on ac count of recessionary conditions This new factor which not only affects the revenues of the Central and State Governments but has also as already mentioned other repercussions on the economy needs to be watched closely Measures taken to correct these con ditions will also tend to correct to some extent the trends in government revenues 20 In the States apart from the fact that their share in Central income tax and excise duties has increased their oun tax receipts have tended to go up in the last few years From about Rs 223 crores in 1950 51 these latter have gradually risen to Rs 227 crores in 1951 52 Rs 230 Crores is 1952 53 and Rs 243 crores in ·ECONOMIC TRENDS AND THE FINANCING OF THE PLAN 1953-54 The trend in revenues under the different heads will be evident from the following statement (Rs in crores) 1950-51 1951 52 1952 53 (Revised) 1953 54 (Budget) 49 6 609 38 67 5 32 22 Land Revenue Agricultural Income Tax State Excise Stamps Registration Taxes on Motor Vehicles General Sales Tax Sales Tax on Motor spirit Vaternal Customs Other Taxes and Duties 23 24 37 480 4 3 494 22 o 39 98 54 S 4 S 95 21 2 47 3 22 2 38 85 56 3 36 87 179 IZ 2 37 II O SI I S8 67 20 I 54 7 68 61 I 5 TOTAL 222 0 27 I 229 7 242 9 This increase in the tax revenues of the States is accounted for almost entirely by increases from land revenue following the abolition of intermediaries Taxes on motor vehicles and the sales tax on motor spirit are also expected to yield about 45 per cent and 90 per cent more revenue respectively than in 1950 51 but these have been neutralised by decline in revenue under other heads The progressive abolition of internal customs duties levied by Part B States the elimination of sales taxes on inter state transactions and the reduced sales of opium by State Governments are re pon sible for these declines 21 The increase in tax revenues of State Governments is explained only to a very small extent by additional measures of taxa tion Except in the case of a few States the additional measures of taxation have been of minor importance and the proceeds realised in 1951 52 and 1952 53 have been only small Increases in land revenue from zamindari areas had been visualısed earlier but these were earmarked for payments of compensation and other expendı ture connected with land reforms Such increases had therefore not been taken credit for in the financial scherne for the P1 Actually payments of compensation have tended to lag beh some extent ·PROGRESS REPORT 1953 53 22 The increase in tax revenues has in fact also been more tkan absorbed by increased expenditures of a non-developmental nature on revenue account itself Between 1950 51 and 1952 53 the follow ing increases in expenditure are evident () additional expenditure in connection with the abol tion of zamindari and other land reform measures 55 80 (11) increased expenditure on famine relief (111) food subsides (Uttar Pradesh and Travancore Cochin only) 36 (1v) increased appropriation for debt servicing and amortisations 54 In addition several State Governments are spending larger sums on buildings roads and development schemes outside the State Plans all of which have the effect of reducing the savings available Irorn State revenues for the Plan itself despite the increases in tax revenue referred to abore Taking the revenue and capital accounts together States are estimated to have spent about Rs 15 crores in the two years on development schemes outside the Plan a 23 At the time the State plans were framed the main cot doration in the case of States like Madras for instance where devem lopmental outlay was already comparatively high was to maintain at least the rate of development attained in 1950-51 and in the case of others where the rate of outlay was less satisfactory o provide for a moderate stepping up of the rate of develop ment The Central assistance fixed for the State Plans was measure of the extent to which the Central Government could be expected consistently with its other commitments to furnish resources for this purpose It was understood that there would be additional assistance from the Centre to the States for schemes like mult purpose river valley projects rehabilitation of displaced per sons community development projects etc (tvhich were not part of the State Plans) But given the limited resources available to the Centre there was no prospect of Central assistance for the State Plans as such being raised very much further The raising of additional resources by State Gouernments was therefore pre requisite for the successful implementation of the State Plans The additional resources to be raised by State Governments over the five years amount to Rs 232 crores of this Rs 67 crores mainly on account of proposals made by some of the State Govern ments subsequent to the consultation with the Commission for IS ·ECONOMIC TRENDS AND THE FINANCING OF THE PLAN 11 raising the size of their State Plans the upward revision in the targets of expenditure were accepted provisionally on the condition that the resources corresponding to these would be raised by the Governments concerned. The upward revisions thus made were mainly in the case of the State Plans of Madras West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh This is a factor which has to be kept in mind in assessing the lag in resources that ha become evident in the two years under review 24 Since the original estimates were made the Finance Com mi»sions award has effected as from 1952 53 a transfer of about Rs 20 crores per annum to the States which had not been visualis ed before Although the resources of the Centre have not expand ed correspondingly it might not be possible in practice to reduce Central as istance to the extent that States have gained from the award A recasting of the schemie of finance outlined in the Plan is therefore called for But the point that must be emphasised here is that there is no possibility of making any substantial increases in the transfers from the Centre in this period without adverse repercu sions on the implementation of the Plan at other pants The rai ing of additional resource. by States must be regarded therefore as an essential condition for the implement ation of the State Plans to schedule The fact that most of the States have now hardly any reserves left to draw upon makes this a prime necessity 25 The borrowing programme of the State Governments ha on the whole conformed to expectations This is partly because the Centre has left the field almost entirely to the States At the Centre maturities of old loans have been in excess of new issues to the extent of over Rs 35 crores Taking the Centre and States together there has been a reduction in rupee loans outstanding There has also been no net gain in this period from issue of treasury bills and trea ury deposit receipts the floating debt of the Central Govern ment is in fact smaller by over Rs 45 crores No credit was of course taken in the original estimates in the Plan for possible net increases in Governments floating debt the scope for using this as a source of finance by sale of treasury bills by agencies other than the Reserve Bank it was said would have to be explored from time to time for reducing budgetary deficits "The decline in rupee loans outstanding and the contraction in the floating debt of the Centre in the first two years are therefore developments at variance with the a sumptions in the original e timates While this is true the rupee loans and treasury bill, outstanding has enabled the Bank to absorb the rupee securities sold by the States in ·12 PROGRESS REFORT 1951 53 without adding to its total holdings of such securities In fact the holdings of rupee securities by the Reserve Bank have fallen Thus the liquidation of securities by States which it was previously assumed would expand purchasing power in the hands of the public has in practice not had that effect In retrospect it can be treated as a non inflationary source of finance that became available for the Plan in these two years 26 Of the factors involved in the movement of funds through deposits and other miscellaneous items on capital account 15 is difficult to make a precise assessment A considerable part of the outflow of Rs 40 5 crores under this head in this period (vide Statement II) is explained by investment in state trading which has been of the order of Rs 31 crores In the case of some States hke the Punjab and Bihar there has also been a settlement of outstand ing accounts which were essentially throw forwards into the Plan period and which it was assumed at the time the State Plans were being framed would be settled in 1950-51 The net autflow of Rs 51 5 crores in this period in the States on account of deposits and other miscellaneous stems is due to a considerable extent to loans and other capital expenditures crutside the Plan* At the Centre there has been a net inbow of Rs 11 crores CENTRAL ASSISTANCE FOR STATE PLANS 27 The following statement shows the Central assistance to Part A and B States assured for the five year period in the preparation of the State Plans and the assistance which according to information collected from the State Governments has been taken credit for by them in the period 1951-53 It has been reported that in some cases (eg West Bengal) the revised estimates for 1952-53 in respect of Central assistance have not been fully realised to this extent the Central assistance as shown in this statement may be at variance with the final accounts There are also some slight discrepancies between the figures in regard to Central grants and loans as derived from the Central Governments estimates and the figures as derived from the estimates of the State Governments The following table which is based on the latter gives a general picture of the rate at which Central assistance for the different State Plans has proceeded to the progress of expenditures on the Plan gisen in this review the estimaes la Id 10 loans advanced in connection sith the Plan bave been given generally On a ter basis it mu be remembered honezer that the ways and means position has been affected to the fu} extent of the loans given and that the position will be restored only when the payments beg n to come a In addition to loans Visualised in the Plan thereas also teen so this fe nod considerable amount of special loans to reliese distress offarxcit it fattige area ·ECONOMIC TRENDS AND THE FINANCING OF THE PLAN 13 1951253 1951-56 (Five Year Plan) PART A Assam Bhar Bombay Madhya Pradesh Madras Ossa Punjab Uttar Pradesh West Bengal 08 57 70 58 164 35 I 8 IS O 15 O 16 0 IZO 20 0 10 O 11 O Iso 74 73 55 7 26 5 140 5 Part B Hyderabad Madhya Bharat Mysore Pepsu Rajasthan Saurashtra Trasancore Cochin 59 IO 4 8 I 2 I 2 to o 4 o 8 o 2 S 90 60 70 46 S 187 0 I 8 OT 16 0 TOTAL 71 7 28 It will be seen from this that while assistance for the State Plans as a whole has been going more or less according to schedule there are considerable differences from State to State On the one hand Madras has received more than four fifths of the assumed assist ance in the first two years Uttar Pradesh Hyderabad and Mysore have also been receiving assistance at a rate faster than the annual average rate of the assumed Central assistance On the other hand Some States such as Assam Rajasthan and Travancore Cochin have so far received only a small proportion of the Central assistance assumed in the State Plans These yarations were to some extent anticipated and have been inevitable since the extension of Central assistance is in many cases tied up with the progress of particular schemes It was for instance expected that since the tempo of expenditures on the Lower Bhavani and the Tungabhadra schemes in Madras would reach a peak in the first two years of the Plan considerable part of the Central assistance to the State would have to be given in this period In the case of West Bengal Rs 12 5 crores of the Central assistance is tied up with the Mayurakshi project and the rate at which Central assistance under this head can be given is therefore naturally conditioned by the progress of the scheme * alf 29 While differences in the rate at which Central been extended to different States in the first two years themselves a matter of serious concern the position in re. a ·14 PROGRESS REPORT 1951 53 cular States which have recen ed very much in excess or very muck below the average rate of the assumed Central assistance needs attention In the case of Madras the serious detenoration 10 its financial position as compared to the original estimates together with the forthcoming partition of the State makes it necessary to attempt at an early stage a complete reappraisal of the development programme in relation to possible sources of finance in the case of Assam the problem has been the paucity of loanable schemes in the State Plan on the basis of which Central assistance could be extended The problem has been partly met by the anard of the Finance Commission which has increased the grants to the State but the possibilities of increasing Central assistance to the State through other ways need also to be examined The above ab ersations in regard to Madras and Assam hold good in varying degrees to some of the other States as well EXTERNAL ASSISTANCE 30 After taking credit for the budgetary resources that are likely to become available to the Central and State Gavernments far financing the Plan and after allowing also for deficit financing to the extent of Rs 290 crores it will be recalled that there til remains for the five year period a gap in resources of the order of Rs 521 crores to be made good from external assistance and by addı tional measures of taxation and borrowing or by further deficit fisancing In the two years under review foreign grants and loads extended to India amount to about Rs 189 crores The detals of these are as follows (R$ in crores) INTERNATIONAZ Bank Undraw balance of loans extended in the pre Pian period OO Steel project loan (December 1992) IS 2 Loan for Danodar Valley Project (January 1953) 95 US Food Lory 90 + GRANTS UNDER TILE Coloveo PLAN From Canada 13 3 From Australa 6 1 From Ner Zealand 04 US TECHNICAL COOPERATION AS ISTANCE Technical Cooperation Agreement January 1952 28 Supplementary Technical Coopesation Agreement November 19 - 180 OTHER Ato 25 TOTAL 189 Of the as istance thus promised the Central Government has taker credit for receipts of about Rs 124 crores in the period 1951-53 and about Rs 30 crores in 1953-54 This covers asd from Norway and from the Ford Fountauon ·16 ECONOMIC TRENDS AND THE FINANCING OF THE PLAN THE OUTLOOK main 31 In the remaining three years of the Plan have to be implemented programmes costing Rs 1 485 crores as against the total planned outlay of Rs 2069 crores over five years For 1953-54 an expenditure of Rs 413 crores has been budgeted for the budgetary resources of the Central and State Governments are estimated to meet about Rs 200 crores of this expenditure It is difficult to make a precise assessment at the present stage of the extent to which these estimates will be realised but if budgetary resources become available in the remaining three years of the Plan at the rate estimated for 1953 54 they would finance only about Rs 600 crores of the balance of expenditure of Rs 1 485 crores Allowing for the deficit financing that has been done in the first two years (and assuming it for the present to be about Rs 75 crores) further deficit financing against import surpluses financed from sterling balances may be expected to provide another Rs 215 crores The unutilised portion of foreign grants and loans extended to date amounts to about Rs 75 crores There would still be left a gap in resources of the order of Rs 600 crores Additional taxation and borrowing further external assistance and in the last resort--more deficit financing are the sources of finance for meeting this gap The extent to which reliance will have to be placed on each of these will depend on a variety of circumstances but it is clear that even if external assistance becomes available on a larger scale than hitherto the need for raising addıtional resources internally will remain paramount 32 There is in this context the danger of counting too much deficit financing Deficit financing under favourable conditions and within limits may be an appropriate method of finding additional Tesources For an expanding development programme however it is important that a growing proportion of the national income is absorb ed in the form of taxes and loans The larger the proportion of money incomes generated in the process of development which is absorbed back in this way the smaller are the chances of inflationary pressures getting the upper hand When faced with insufficient budgetary resources and the dangers of deficit financing there is always a possibility of attempting to find a way out through staggering of development expenditures This must be emphasised is a course which must be avoided The experience of the last two years also underlines the need to avoid undertaking schemes outside the Plan Resources have to be mobulised to the full and care has to be taken to see that they are used fully for the implementation of the Plan 33 The gap in resources it will be observed is not so raise doubts as to the country s ability with on ·PROGRESS REPORT 1951-53 assistance to implement the Plan to schedule But undoubtedly, the substantial stepping up of investment programmes which the full execution of the Plan will necessitate will require determined effort on the part of the country To this end budgetary resources will have to be augmented to the fullest extent possible increases in non development expenditures or inexpenditures of a developmental character but outside the Plan will have to be kept to the minuum if not rigorously avoided and the executive machinery of planning will have to be strengthened so as to complete the development out Jay to schedule and in furtherance of the real targets set out in the ·ECONOMIC TRENDS AND THE FINANCING OF THE PLAN 17 f INDIA S BALANCE OF PAYMENTS ON CURRENT ACCOUNT (1951 52 and Apr 1 December 1952) (Rs crores) 1951 S 1952 531 (Apr 1 December) 729 9 408 1 EXPORTS BY LAND AND SEA (INCLUSIVE OF EXPORT DUTIES) FOB (a) Food Dt nk and Tobacco 168 I10 7 (6) Raw materials (nclus ve of partly processed products) 484 83 I 409 61 2 Agricultural (unprocessed) (Others (c) Manufactures (including sem manufactures)- (Consumer goods ( Producer goods (including ntermediate products) (d) Unclass fied * RE EXPORTS BY SEA MINUS TRANSIT TRADE (INCLUDED IN ITEM I ABOVE) 63 2 71 7 3 4 2 139 7 3 3 25 I 40 30 3 NET RECEIPTS ON ACCOUNT OF INVISIBLES 56 4 57 8 4 TOTAL RECEIPTS ON CURRENT ACCOUNT 783 3 5016 960 5 IMPORTS BY LAND AND SEA (INCLUSIVE OF LMPORTS ON GOVT ACCOUNT) CIF 518 9 63 0 150 8 2209 90 81 O 66 7 (a) Food. Dt nk and Tobacco (6) Raw mater als (nclud og partly processed products Agriculture (unprocessed) (11) Others (9) Manufactures (nclud og sem manufactures)- Consumer goods ( Producer goods (ncluding Dtermed ate poducts) (d) Uncass fied 6 LAND-BORNE TRADE WITH APGHANISTAN AND IRAN (NET) Afonus TRANSIT TRADE INCLUDED IN ENTRIES AGAINST ITEM S ABOYB 60 5 74 3 36 9 17 4 25 3 II I 7 TOTAL PAYMENTS ON CURRENT ACCOUNT 937 & 8 SURPLUS (+) OR DEFICIT (-) OV CURRENT ACCOUNT -149 5 -19 & The est matcs in respect of exports and mports are based on Customs returns regard og ny s bles exclude grants roce ved under the Colombo Plan and are only estimates In the first quarter of 1953 t sest mated that there was a surplus on current of about Rs 9 crores ·FINANCING OF THE PLAN 1951 54 to 1953 54 (R$ crote) Centre States 5955 52 195 53 1953 54 1951 56 1991 $2 1952 53, 1953 54 1956 56 (1 counts)(Revised) (Budget) (Five year (Accounts) (Revised) (Budget) (wesear Plan) Plan) OUTLAY ON THE PLAN 133 3 163 178 7 234 9 22:05 128 0 1678 127 1 BUCETARY RESOURCES 700 3 888 71 3 123 3 79 $ 99 5 497 8 Savings of public authorities [213 42 63 0 1600 4117 29 S 638 37 1 (a) from current sevenues (6) from railu ays Perate Savings absorbed through 37 7 PROGRESS REPORT 1951 53 20 7 20 4 170 0 I 167 360 Il s 25 1 79 D (a) loans from the public (b) small savings and other unfuaded debt (cxcluding Boating debt) 48 6 55 7 3700 (c) deposits funds and other miscellaneous Sources 14 8 25 8 30 8 90 a 408 Int mal incer governmental transfers in connec tion with the Plan (i Ceniral assistance) 46 8 228 8 33 3 44 8 53 5 228 8 GAP IN RESOURCES 103 9 365 6 743 3 $7 7 ·1 TARNAL A3313TANCA 61 7 (ranto 13 29 7 576 30 & I anu (net)t DICIT 1510 87 ) -133 109 9 20 X 20 8 Covereity () Incrcun In Moutlı o delitt (M) Sale of arcuriles lield In cette (net) (c) with trawal front cash reacties 120 31 0 se} 679 822 28 146 49 Cho change in the recinte unter this head are partly Ace unted for by Statc eritlog transactions The net investnicnt In Stato tra ling at the Centre anitha Statcu in each year li as follows: Cenire States 1951 51 (Act linta) It 3 99 2193 (Revises) 1933 (Nu *01) Intral avai tanco as calculate 1 fr the Central tulet hollol tly Halance with that calculate 1 from the State budgete l'or 1981 32 antisaj Ciker I gether the IT rendelhoweyer Deglish le In the case of all I art 0 Stalcs It has been assume 1 for the prement that ther developinent expenditure has in effect been entirely met from granti ant loans on the Centre Thle sumption needs to be checked in the cate of ihosa 1 Art C Staice which since 1952 53 hava separato revenus hu gets the entrice lucre are not of small repayment n account of carlier Ifab[lities fra the CC of States thla la accounie 1 for molnly hy advances from commerciall anks Icaro.cc REDS 1 THE FEASING OY HE PLAN GI ·20 PAOGRESS NEPAT 1951 53 FINANCING OF STATE PLANS I ASSAM (Rs cror) 1951 52 1982-53. 1953 54 (Accounts) (Revised) (Budget) 1931 56 Plans EXPENDITURE ON TILE PLAN 12 171 zo 30 Revenue Account Cap tal Account OI 04 08 NORMAL BUDGETARY RESOURCES 8 0 13 I 2 I 6 04 1: Savings from current revenue Loans from the puble Depos ts and other m scellaneous re ce pts on cap tal account Central ass stance for the State Plan GAP TY RESOURCES 14 O2 -OS 1 2 06 I 4 15 O 03 O4 O 2 FINANCING OP THE GAP Proceeds from sale of stocks held for State trading Ways and means advances and over drafts Sale of secur tes held a reserve W thdrawal from cash reserves 04 -27 Os 14 NOTES 1 The State has gained about Rs 1 2 crores as a result of the commendat ons of b Finance Comm ss on Statutory grant for scheduled astas under Art cle 75 was Rs I 5 crores n the first two years and is estimated at Rs 1 crores in 1953 54 2 Improvement in revenue from State taxes as compared to the pre Pian level is oi the order of R$ 40 lakhs in 195- 53 This is in part explained by collection of arrears und la part by better coverage Rates of motor veh cle taxes were ta sed in 195 y eld ng & act acrease of Rs 4 {akas salty 3 There is an ncrease n non developm atal expenditure of about Rs. crores 1951 52 and Rs 3 crores in 1952 53 th 3 is mainly due to (1) Increases under non developmental heads Rs os crores per annum (General de B Stratton Pol ce etc) Rs 0 4 crores a 1951 5 (2) Increased outlay on roads outside the Plan Rs 1 crores in 1952 53 (3) Increased expend cure on construct on of Rs o 3 crores in 1951 52 bu ldings and repairs etc Rs 0 1 crores 1952 53 Proy sons for erpend ture outside the plan have incrtased further in 1953 54.

·ECO VOMIC TRENDS AND THE FINANCING OF THE PLAN 21 Financing of State Plans 2 BIHAR (Rs crores) 1951 S 1952 53 1953 54 (Accounts) (Res sed) (Budget) 1951 36 (Plan) EZPENDITURE OV THE PLAN 137 10 16 57 3 Roseau Accourt IIS 7 93 Cap al Account 2 3 3 3 4 3 NORMAL BUDGETARY RESOCRES- 10 1 57 6 $ 77 31 3 Sayings f om current revenue Loans from the publc Deposts and other miscellaneous recepts en cap tal account Central ass stance for the State -3 -OS IO 8 29 35 IS O Plan GAP IN RESOCRCES 7 38 35 10 0 -SO I -OI FINANCING OF THE GAP- Proceeds from sale of stocks held for State irad ng Ways and means advances and over drafts Sale of securit es held n reserve W thdrawal from cash reserves -OS 0 12 7 36} to O NOTES I The State has ga ned Re 2 crores per annum as a result of th recommendat ons 1 he Finance Commiss on Revenue from land s expected to ncrease by Rs 2 crores a from 1952 53 but wil be absorbed by ncreased expenditure connect on with the ibolt on of zamindaris 2 Erpead ture cu famine f om zevenue account during the first two years has been bf the order of oer Rs 3 crorcs 3 Outgof om deposits and other m scellaneous rece pt on cap talaccount saplained by increased taccay loans and other loan accommodat on to cult yators to the order of Rs 4 crores o 1951 52 and 1952 53 to relieve di tress on account of me 4 The reserves have been drawn down at a rat much faster than that y sual sed in the Plan Security hold ogs of the Stat wh ch stood at Rs 28 S CIOTCS the beginning of 1951 $2 would be only Rs 96 crores after the first two years ci the Plan. It must be tated however that the reserves at the beginning of 1951 52 prosed to be larger than ssumed in the o iginal estimates The est mates presented above are based on an analys s of the State budgt ad on informat on suppi ed by the State Government Unlike the ca e of other i bay not been poss bi to ver ſy a deta 1 tbc laturze, and nterpretat on of data ·22 PROGRESS REPORT 1951 53 Furonang d 3 BOMBAY (Rs Crores) 1951 52 1952 33 1953 54 (Accounts) (Rensed) (Budget) 1951.36 (PLD) ECENDITURE OV THE PLAY 29 1 309 Revenue Account 18 o 21 3 19 5 Capital Account SO 78 IR 3 NORMAL BUDGETARY RESOLRCES 26 8 21 € 21 3 Savings from current revenus 15 8 14 4 16 9 934 Loans from the public 37 37 250 YO Deposts and other m scellaneous rece pts on cap tal account Central a s stance for the State Plan 3 O 40 26 0 GAP IN RESOURCES -37 96 FINANCING OF THE GAP- Procceds from sale of stocks held for State trading -It 7 Ways and means advances and over drafts 08 63 13 6 Sale of sccur ties held in resery W thdrawal from cash reserves } 05 NOTES I There has beea a marked d d de Arcy 2.24 tom General Sales Pas in the first two years of the Plan. The post on is expected to improve in the current year through the Introduct on of multi po nt sales tax increase in revenue being of the order of Ra 3 4 crores a year Rates of taxes on motor veh cies a tre sa sed in 1952 and the sales tax on motor spirit has been ra sed 1957 54 3 Expend ture und non-developmental heads has increased tA 1952 53 ma niy uoden the to low og items OncTt3sed expend ture on fam ne telef Rs I scores (1) laccus d appropnapon to State Road Fund Rs Ir crores 4 There i5 459 IBCTCase in expend ture outs de the plan on roads correspond og to 10 trans is from the Central Rond Fund ·ECONOMIC TRENDS AND THE FINANCING OF THE PLAN 23 Finanang of State Plans MADHYA PRADESH 4 (Rs crores) 1951 SZ 1952 53 1953 54 (Accounts) (Rev sed) (Budget) 1951 56 (Plan) EXPENDITURE OV THE PLAY 71 40 SS Revenue Account Cap tal Account NORMAL BUDGETARY RESOURCES 35 4 5 4 9 81 11 8 6 401 81 62 SO 22 6 Io 5. Sayings from current rescaue Loans from the publc Depos is and other m scellaneous Tece pts on cap tal account Central ass stance for the State Plan 06 -32 31 OS 12 o 27 GAP IN RESOURCES - 8 2 3 3 30 FINANCING OF THE GAP Proceeds from sale of stocks h Id for State trading Ways and means advances and over drafts -IO OS 2 2 Sale of secur ves held reserve 22 -18 90 30 W thdrawal from cash reserves 17 36 -89 NOTES 1 The State has gained R. 85 lakhs pe annum as a result of the I commendations or the Finance Co iss on 2 Revenue from land has screased by about Rs Ico e annually on account of levy of Kotwani cess and abolit on of malguzar s and zam ndanis but there has been a correspond ng ncrease a expend tut connected wth the latte ceasures 3 No new taxes were mpos d do the rates of ex st og taxes ras d D 1951 Su and 195 $3 Follow ng the recommendatiors of the I Dance Commiss on the State Govern ment has dec ded to levy n the current year 1 cepse fees on wholes? dealers of tobacco and th sm ght yeld a net add ton of Rs lakhs to Sate resepues 4 Expenditure out de the Plan has reg stered inc ases ma niy uider these tems (a) Expenditure connected wth land reforms Rs (6) General admisi tration Rs () Appropri t on for d bt sery ces R$ (d) De elopment expend tur outs de the Plan Re 5 Outflow under depos is and other o scellaneous cap tals fe fts to raris by repaym ot of loans n 195 53 of the ord r of Rs I crores 40 lakh 25 13khs o lakby 45 lakh:

·PROGRESS REPORT 1951 53 Fsranang of State Plan S MADRAS (Rs crores) 1951 $2 1952 53 1953 34 (Accounts) (Revised) (Budget) 1951 s6 (Plan) 119 8 EXPENDITURE ON THE PLAN Rerenue Acciunt Cep zal Account 95 17 5 87 15 7 78 O NORMAL BUDGETARY RESOURCES 1138 82 3 5 30 35 53 -68 170 Sav ngs from current teserue Loans from the public Deposts and othet ti scellaneous rec pes on cap cas account Central assistance fac the State Plan -63 76 88 75 00 GAP NN RESOURCES פר 20 % 2 5 37 FINANCIN OP THE GAN Proceeds from sale of stocks held for State trad ng Ways and means adesrces and overdrafts Sale of secur ties held reserve Wthdrawal from cash reserses -39 58 14 5 18 6 MOTES 7 The State has 88 sed about Rs 5 crores per annum from the award of the rnance Corun ss ort 2 There has been ant sacrease A revenue from State taxes through crtancement of rates of sales cax on foreign l quor and ot motor spus and through mpos os of new taxes on passengers and goods can ta by motor vehicles and on sale of tobacco But the ncrease in reytme has more or less been seutral sed by fall under General Sales Tax. 3 The e have been add tons to como rore on repenue 2.cown Duits de lhe Planta n.v on to follow sg sem R$ corts (adronal cepend rate on account of fam de IS a ncreased appropt at or for debt serves on accoont of greater dependence on loans IS (developereat expend ture outs de the Plan It is reported that the outflow in the first to years under deposits and other museancous receipts on Cap al Account s expla ned by these stems RS STOICs on capital outlay oun de the Plan (474aseal loan 10mmodat o to cult water to relere d stress account of f2m Re (repasinet of sentral loans 7 S ·ECONOMIC TRENDS AND THE FINANCING OF THE PLAN 25 Financing of State Plans 6 ORISSA (R$ crores) 1951 5 195 53 1953 54 (Accounts) (Rey sed) (Budget) 1951 86 (Plan) EXFENDITURE ON THE PLAN 29 33 17 8 20 3 30 Pes nue Account Cap tal Account MORMAL BJDGETARY RESOURCES 08 09 I 3 81 38 17 8 Say ngs f om current rcicnue 6 04 73 Loads from the public II O Deposts and other m scellaneous rece pts on cap tal account Central ass stance for the State Plan OS OS I 4 9 10 о GAT IN RESOLRCES -22 -12 05 FINANCING OF THE GAP Proceeds from sale of stocks held for State trad ng O1 Ways and means advances and overdrafts -II Sale of securt es held n resense OI OY W thdrawal from cash reserves -I 2 -IT 07 NOTES Plee survey 1 The State has ga ned about Rs - 5 crores per annum as a result of the ecommenda. tions of the F nance Comm ss on 2 There has been an mprovement of about Rs so lahhs per annum n the t x revenues of the State as ar sult of better coverage andt ghter tax adm á strat n but a good part of it IS offset by decl ne n revenue from State exc se 3 In 1952 53 expend ture has ncreased on the follow ng items outs d the Plan Rs lakhs (1) ncreased expend ture on General Admin strat on settlement operat ons and other anc llary expend tures n newly merged areas 6 6) Incre sed appropr at on for debt sctv ces on account of greater dependence on loans 8 (+) Development expend ture outs de the Plan 44 The tempo of expend ture out de the Plan r ses further n 1951 <4 and th 3 & reflected to the decl ne n say ngs f om rescue account in th t yea 4 Improv ment under Depots and other on cellaneous cap al rece pts temporary rece pts n settlemen 1of transact ons carred for a d from th Pe P ·26 PROGRESS REPORT 1951 53 Finanang of Stare Plant 7 PUNJAB (Rs crores) 1951 $2 1992 $3 1953 54 (Accounts) (Revised) (Budget) 1952 s6 (Plan) 30 0 07 I 3 E PENOITURE ON THE PUAN Revenue Account Capital Account NORMAL BUDGETARY RESOURCES 2 I 4 I SO 19 24 26 10 Savings from current revenue Loans from the public Deposits and other miscellaneous rcccpts on capital account Central assistance for the State Plan 7 S IS 08 IO 04 II O GAP IN RESOURCES 31 06 2 2 24 FINANCING OF THE GAP Proceeds from sale of stocks held for State trading Ways and means advances and over drafts Sale of securities held in reserve Withdrawal from cash reserves 2 5 .} 06 & 2 NOTES The State has gain d about Rs 40 lakhs per annum as a result of the recommenda tions of the Finance Commission Improvement in current revenues a3 compared to the Plan estimates 1% muoly du to these factor (a) Plan estimates did not take credit for the g neral grapt in aid frora th Centre whh has now been fixed by the Finance Commission at Rs : 29 crores per annum and (b) increase in revenue from taxes due to the introduction of a tar og forward contra ts and on passengers and goods and enhancement of the rate of entertainment 3 Shortfall in savings from current revenue la 1953 54 18 explained by increases ia expenditure outside the Plan under developmental heads (Rs 70 Ishhs on construction of roads) and non developmental heads (Rs 50 lakhs on land consolidation Operations and Rs 20 lakhs on Police) Very consid rable 4 Outfiow under d posits and other miscellaneous receipts on capital account 11 Factors accounting for it are (a) Repayment of Central loans amounting to about Rs 7 crores in the first two years 33 2 2203t the assumed annual average of Rs 85 lakh and (b) Quin as a rest of settlement in the Plan period of certain accouats carried over from th pre Pra penod ·ECONOLIC TRENDS AND THE FINANCING OF THE PLAN Finanang of State Plans 8 UTTAR PRADESH (Rs Crores) 1951 32 1952 53 1953 54 (Accounts) (Revised) (Budoet) 1951 56 (Plan) 16 O 21 97 8 EXPENDITURE ON THE PLAN Revenue Account Capital Account 22 8 9 7 63 IO I II S 160 136 14 97 8 92 IO 2 13 6 71 3 NORMAL BUDGETARY RESOURCES Savings from current revenue Loans from the public Deposits and other miscellaneous receipts on capital account Central assistance for the State Plan 20 4 I 4 0 so 4 97 63 37 37 4 5 15 0 GAP IN RESOURCES 59 11 9 46 FINANCING OF THE GAP Proceeds from sale of stocks held for State trading Ways and means advances and over drafts Sale of securities held in reserve Withdrawal from cash reserves 40 -I O 532 61 77 69 18 06 NOTES 1 The State has gained about Rs 3 crores per annus as a result of the recommenda tions of the Finance Commission 2 Revenue from land has increased considerably as a result of the abolition of Zamrundan but there has been a large increase in expenditure conn cted with this measure Apart from appropriations to the Zamiadari Abolition Fund 3 The rate of electricity duty has been raused to yield an additional revenue of Rs 80 Iakhs per annum Rates of taxes on motor vebicles have also been enhanced. 4 Expenditure has incre ed on items outside the Plan. Th main increases in 195 53 compared to the pre Plan period are (Rs) crores (a) Expenditure in conn ction with land rforms 5 (6) Increased appropriation for debt services I 7 (c) Loss on sale of food rains Zoo (d) Expenditure in connection with famine relief 5 Outflow in 195 53 and 1953 54 und - deposits and other miscell deous receipts 13 explained it for 1 *** of compensation to Lamindars ·28 PROGRESS REPORT 1951 53 Finanang of State Plans 9 WEST BENGAL (Rs Crores) 1951 52 1952 53 1953 54 (Accounts) (Revised) (Budget) 1951 56 (Plan) EXPENDITURE ON THE PLAN 10 2 69 1 Revenue Account 55 62 61 Capital Account 46 79 89 NORMAL BUDGITARY RESOURCES 10 0 70 1 69 1 66 20 07 Savings from current revenue Loans from the public 276 18 ZO 20 IO C Deposits and other mniscellancous receipts on capital account -16 04 SO Central a sistance for the State Plan 3 2 41 4 o 26 S GAP IN RESOURCES 0 7 FINANCING OF THE GAP Proceeds from sale of stocks held for State trading 03 19 15 Ways and means advances and over drafts Sale of securities held in reserve Withdrawal from cash reserves ! 5 2 2 0 NOTES • The State has gained as from 195 53 Rs 2 crores per annum as a result of the r commendations of the Finance Commission 2 There has been some improvemeat in the State s tax revenues Rates of taxes on motor vehicles have been raised and are expected to yield Rs 60 lakhs per agnum Another addition of Rs 40 lakhs is expected from General Sales Tax through tightening up of tax administration 3 Expenditures on revenue account outside the Plan have gone up during this period mainly under items like General Administration and Police loss on sale of subsidised foodgrains debt services departmental buildings and development schemes outside the Plan. Bu for these non Plan expenditure increases savings from the current revenues would have been of the order visualised 10 the Plan. 4 Outgo from deposits and others miscellaneous receipts on capital account is explained by the settlement of transactions carried over from the pre Plan period s Withdrawal from reserves was not visualised in the plan on the assumption that the opening cash balance in 1951 52 would be only R$ 31 crors When the final accounts for 1950-51 were made the opening cash balance for 1951 52 turned out to be Rs 7# crores This was on account of certain throw forwards in expenditure ·ECONOMIC TRENDS AND THE FINANCING OF THE PLAY 29 Funanan of State PLUS 10 HYDERABAD (Rs crores) 1951 52 1952 53 1953-54 1951 $6 (Accounts) (Revised) (Budget) Plan) EXPENDITURE ON THE PLAN 66 5 7 8 II I 2 Revenue Account Capital Account I9 59 55 63 NORMAL BUDGETARY RESOLRCES 92 63 28 2 3 I 7 17 0 60 Savings frord current revenu Loans from the public Deposits and other miscellaneous receipts on capital account Central assistance for the State Plan 42 -02 OI 1 6 22 37 4 7 IO O GAP IN RESOURCES 6 1 15 FINANCING OF THE GAP Proceeds from sale of socks held for State trading Ways and means advances and over drafts 01 Sale of securities held in restye is} 70 W thdrawal from cash reserve) o I 7 NOTES The Star_has gained Rs 2 34 cror's per annum as a rsult of th recomm ada 1025 of the Finance Commission. 2 Tax reveries of the Stat have not shows any increase in this period lacteas a revenge from sales tax has been more or less neutralized by fall in tsoe pts from it real Customs 3 Compared to 1953 52 expenditure outside the Plan to 1952 53 showed a marked decline due mainly to fall in expenditure on police by Rs 19 crores This improvement was partly absorbed by increases under debt services. 4 la 1952 53 revenue receipts have fallen. There has also been a reduction in non-development Expenditure. Fall in receipts is due mannly to discontinuation by the Centre of (a) contribution towards extra expenditure on police and (b) food subsidy 5. Net recept of Rs 4.2 crores in 1951-52 under deposts and other capital recepts is explained by the settlement of transactions under suspense carried forward from the pre Plan period.

·PROGRESS REPORT 1951 53 Financing of State Plans 13 PEPSU (R3 crores) 1951 5 195 53 1953 54 (Accounts) (Revised) (Budget) 1956 56 (Plan) EXPENDITURE OY THE PLAN 06 S 81 Revenue Account OS 09 14 Cap tal Account OI O NORMAL BUDGETARY RESOURCES 05 6 6 O OS 36 Say ngs from current revenue Loans from the publc Deposts and other m scellaneous rece pts on capital account -09 -16 -OI as Central ass stance Plain for the State O 2 IC GAP IN RESOURCES -06 05 09 15 FINANCING OF THE GAP Proceeds from sale of stocks held for State trad ng -04 -0 Ways and means advances and over drafts Sale of secur tres held n reserie -031 0} Is W thdrawal from cash reserves 09 NOTES 1 Tb State has gan dR$ 49 lakhs per annum as a result of the recommendat ons o the Fnance Comm ss on 2 Non tar s hay bn atroduced nor have th rates of er st ng taxation beca sed dur ngth s per od 3 The deci ne n say ng n 195 53 from resenue account s explamed ma nly by the increases in expend ture on these items (1) General adm nistration and Pol ce R$ 20 lakhs (1) Land consol dat on operat ons R$ 20 lakhs In 1953 54 a sum of Rs 40 lakhs has been provided for under imort sat on and ths has contributed to a further fall a sav ngs 4 Outflow under depos ts and other m scellaneous cap tal rece pts sin part due to th Dvesim nt of State funds n fixed deposits w th the State Bank of Patiala - Rs 47 lakhs 10 1951 52 and Rs 60 lakhs in 1952 33 ·ECONOMIC TRENDS AND THE FINANCTYG OF THE PLAN 33 Financ: g | Stale Plus 14 RAJASTHAN (Rs Crores) 1951 5 195 53 1953 54 (Accounts) (R sed) (Budget) 1951 56 (rian) ETPENDITURE ON THE PLAN 1 168 Revenue Account II 19 Cap tal Account 09 1 7 08 13 6 OS 17 I 2 4 6 NORMAL BLDGETARY RESOLACES Savings from current evenue Loans from the puble Deposits and other miscellaneous receipts on capit lacc unit F Centr 1 assistance for the State Plan 13 04 04 08 I 8 90 GAP IN RESOURCES 16 0 3 FINANCING OF THE GAP- Proceeds from the sale of st chs held for State t ading 17. 05 dnce and over Ways nd means drafts 5 -05 S le of securit es held in reserve 07 OS 32 w thdrawal ft m cash reserve O8 I O 2 NOTES 1 The State has gain d about Rs 8c res as a re ult of the recommendat ons of the Finance Commission There h s been an improvemet in receipts from State taxes du to ninu se in the rates of mot veh d s tax i on intr ducti n of unif im scale f stamp d ties and popo ed int oducti n of agr cultural income t x but this has been more le s neutralized by a reduction in e nue from State E cise and inter st te ta t duti 3. In addition to ane tunat dexp nd ture of Rs I 06 er es n 1952 53 and 1 KSO 38 crores in 1953 54 on famine relif pend tu e outside the Plan ha regi tered ncreases uode th fllow g items – (a) P lice (b< der p li e mainly) Rs 67 lakhs (6) Expenditure connected wth resumpt on of Jagirs a d abol tion fzam nda 1 Rs 301 khs (Appropr at n for debt sert ce R$ 361 9 PC ·34 PROGRESS REPORT 1951 53 Finanan of State Plans 15 SAURASHTRA (R$ Crores) 1951 52 1952 53 1953 54 1951 56 (Accounts) (Revised) (Budget) (Plan) 19 20 € EXTENDITURE ON THE PLAN OS Revenue Account Cap tal Acco at I 7 1 7 2 3 2 IS NORMAL BUDGETARY RESOURCES 6 18, 99 I 7 IO Sav ngs from current revenue Loans from the public Deposits and other miscellaneous receipts on capital account Central assistance for the State Plan OI 1 2 OS -35 13 ZS 60 IS GAP IN RESOURCES OS 60 0 2 20 8 FINANCING OF THE GAR Proceeds from sale of stocks h ld for State trading Ways and means advances and over drafts Sale of secur ties held in reserve IO 08 -13 3 OI 20 Withdrawal from cash reseries I 2 -01 OI NOTES ! As the State s share of d visible taxes orked out by the Finance Commussion is less than the guaranteed revenue gap grant the State continues rec ive the latter ID addition it receives as from 195 53 a general grant in ud of Rs 40 lakhs per annum Revenue from land in 1951 52 was considerably smaller b cause of suspen jon of collections on account of scarcity conditions in the State Increase in land revenue 12 1952 53 by Rs I 3 crores is in part due to collection of arrears and in part due to measures of land reform the effect of which is als) reflected in increased expenditur 3 Revenue from General Sales Tax has gone up and it compensates for the fall 10 receipts from inter state customs 4 Expenditure outside the Plan increased by about Rs 21 crores in 1952 53 as com pared to 1951 52 the main i ems explaining the increase are Rs crores (a) incre sed expenditu e in connection with land reforms 07 (1) additional expenditure on faruine relief 18 Improvement in sayings from the revenue account in 1953 54 15 based on the expect ations that better conditios w li prejail in the current year s Of the increase in investments of Rs 13 ctores in 1951 52 Rs 1 2 crores is on Account of loans to Land Mortgage Bank which should have appeared as an outgo under Deposits and other Miscellaneous Capital receipts The outflow in 1952 53 13 in part accounted for by the adjustment made by the State Government in this respect.

·ECONOMIC TRENDS AND THE FINANCING OF THE PLAN 35 Fin neing of State Plans 16 TRAVA\CORE COCHIN (R$ Crores) 1951 52 1952 53 1953-54 1951 56 (Accounts) (Rev sed) (Budget) (Plan) !IPENDITURE ON THE PLAN Revenue Account I 2 1 6 23 Cap tal Account 8 36 3 2 TORSLAL BUDGETARY RESOURCES 19 1 2 6 25 3 4 9 09 II 16 3 ►o Savings f om current revenue Loans from the puble Deposts and other miscellaneous I C-pts on cap tal account Central assistanc for the Stat Pian 02 OI I 7 70 GAP IN RESOURCES 9 20 FINANCING OF THE GAP -38 Proceeds from sale of stocks held for State trading Ways and mns advances and ovr drafts S le of securit s held in res ry W thdrawal from cash res ry 3 4 o O21 175 2 O 4 NOTES 1 The St te ssh r of C at 1ta es and th general grants in d fixed by the Finance Commission to eth being los r than th venue gap gr nt the State continu s to receive the latter 2 In 1951 s a new tax was imp sed on tobacco which serpe ted to yi ld Rs 13 Lakhs por any lose w can's suerte covere far scaluat mama tax and rotor veh: les tax t as more th n off et by fall in evenue from g ne Il sales tax Tax r venues as whole have sho va a tendency fall since 1951 5 3 Expe d tur ts de th plan went up by about 5 coes in 195 53 compared to 1951 52 the man it ms explain og the risk are Rs crores (Increas d los on sale of food grains I 6 (6) Inc eases und r pol ce 02 (Additi nal expenditure as result of reviston of pay scales 4 The outil wund r deposits ther than miscellaneous eceipts on cap tal account 13 que partly to withdrawals f on Savings Bank dpsts held with the State Government f lowing the extens os of the PO Svings Bank facilities by the Centre ·CHAPTER II AGRICULTURAL PROGRAMMES IN REVIEWING the progress so far made towards achieving the targets of agricultural production included in the Five Year Plan, it is necessary to bear in mind that many items in the agricultural programme could not be expected to yield results during the first two years Thus the larger irrigation works are expected to produce wubstantial results towards the closing period of the Plan The community projects were only initiated late in 1952 and their effect on production has not yet been felt Even in respect of schemes for minor irrigation and land reclamation there is inevitably some time lag between their execution and their effect on agricultural production The schemes executed during 1951 52 could not have influenced production during the year 1951 52 to any large extent Similarly the schemes executed during 1952-53-and much of the work is done in the six months October to March-will hardly begin to be effective till the current year viz 1953 54 The execution of these programmes is however gathering momentum and greater expenditure is being incurred than hetetofore PRODUCTION TARGETS 2 In determining the production targets outlined in the Five Year Plan the Commi sion was influenced by the need to meet the shortages in foodgrains and in commercial crops like cotton and jute At the level of consumption during 1950 the deficit in food grains was estimated at about three million ton Allowing for increase in population the deficit would rise to over 65 million tons by 1956 On the same basis it was estimated that the deficit in gram and pulses would be about 05 million tons by 1956 this would be as high as four million tons on the basis of the standards of consumption recommended by the Nutrition Advisory Committee With a view to attaining something like self sufficiency in foodgrains the Plan includes targets for increasing the production of cereal by 65 million tons and of gram and pulses by 1 million tons In respect of commercial crops the requirements in 1955-56 are estimated at 53 million bales of cotton and 72 million bales of jute while pro duction at the beginning of the period of the Plan ze 1950 51 was 297 million bales and 33 million bales respectively The Plan, while not attempting to meet these deficits entirely envisages additional production of about 1 25 million bales of cotton and about two million bales of jute Increases of the order of about 0 7 million tons of sugarcane (raw gur) and 0 4 million tons of oil seeds have also been planned to meet the requirements of the increased population 36 ·AGRICULTURAL PROGRAMMES 37 3 These production targets were broken down into programmes of irrigation land reclamation and development and schemes for the supply of seeds manures and fertilizers Detailed estimates of the additional production as a result of these schemes have not yet been framed by the State governments but the Ministry of Food and Agriculture have made a tentative estimate of the increased production potential as a result of the schemes financed from Grow More Food funds during 1951 52 The total achievement for the year 1951 52 according to these estimates works out at 8 8 lakh tons in terms of foodgrains Besides this 27 lakh tons in term of foodgrain are estimated to have been produced as a result of major irrigation schemes which increased the area receiving irrigation during 1951 52 by about eight lakh acres No estimates are available in respect of agricultural schemes which were not financed under GMF The results of all the schemes will however be reflected more fully and accurately in the production for 1952-53 than for 1951 52 4 All India estimates of actual production during 1952 53 are not yet available in respect of most crops During 1951 52 foodgrains did not record much progress over the preceding year This was largely due to the fact that scarcity conditions prevailed in Bihar Eastern U.P and Rayalseema areas of Madras and Saurashtra In 1952 53 an increase of about six million acres (about 54 per cent) in the area under kharif cereals is reported and though production data are not yet available it is believed that compared with 1951 52 there has been an appreciable increase Despite some increase in the sown areas production of oilseeds has declined slightly main.y due to bad climatic conditions in the groundnut areas In the case of sugarcane there was a large increase in the area sown during 1951 52 and production advanced by about 0 3 million tons Provisional figures indicate that during 1952 53 there has been a decline due mainly to marketing difficulties Final estimates which are now available in respect of a number of States for rice jowar bajra and maize indicate the following increa es during 1952 53 compared with 1951-52 - Production States for which (million tons) 1951 52 1952 53 included Rice 15 5 Bihar Orissa Jamima and Kashmir and Travancore Cochin Jowar 34 Bombay Madras Punjab and Rajas than Bajra 17 I 8 Bombay Puojab and Pepsu Maize I 5 17 Punjab Pepsu Jammu and Kash mir and Rajasthan In gram and pulses there has been no progress. Crop estimates are not 56 3 36 ·10 PROGRESS REPORT 1951.53 1025 19 climate and rainfall and the increase in irrigated area 231 result of such works canno be properly assessed except over a permet of seats Th.s aspect will be cons.dered further in the next rerer IL The States ia khuch large numbers of wells were sunk e repi red in 1951-52 are UP (8687) Madras (7288) Madhya Blz (3297) and Punjab (2001) The twork as for the most part undertaken br priate persons who are allowed a subsidy (shared equally by Deare and the S.a's) up to 5 por cent (formerly 50 per cent) el the cost and can also obtain taccar loans to cover the balance 11 Wome States the recovery of such loans made pret rous to the coming cacement of the Plan has not been satisfactors and this 138 gecessitate sore modification of the programme 12 Water lift appliances such as pumping sets are growing popularit and the statement belon shows the number installed 11 come Sates during 1951-52 - State Viadrus a Oil engine * Electric engines Vastha Pradesh Westt nga! Punab v rabud Viashia Tharat Enginet and Pusing sets surpled 989 S33 755 138 310 6 &2 185 2841 drs tee sets thich were supplied to indi dual cultivators thriculture de parurents in UP and Madras maintain 200 ard 739 mm 6. Textiels which are installed and run by the depart ments 9 pinien est dlaces and the cost of running realised from the cultivaton The Bombay Government are doing much to encourage artint hf 2116'on societies Two hundred and fifty one such nicts and in meistence 11n he tem no es West Bengal Assam Orissa Bihar in the fastern part of Up the repair of tanks construction of channels and the erecution of small drainage schemes assist pro 4377 dins fast Bengal undertook 975 such small pro Toate mt of Rs.1 lidhs in the verr 1951-52 The Stat eft yet As 25 lakhs on the repair of 500 tanks in Assam 650 parlais ieme undertaken at a cost of Is. 3651 lakhs. In the UP R12 14ths ne xntdrriage schemes which are stated # Seit dhe 70 merek Vidros spent Rs 162 crores op tank Ne yo querer 15 crores on small irrigatior ·AGRICULTURAL PROGRAMMES 37 3 These production targets were broken down into programmes of irrigation land reclamation and development and schemes for the supply of seeds manures and fertilizers Detailed estimates of the additional production as a result of these schemes have not yet been framed by the State governments but the Ministry of Food and Agriculture have made a tentative estimate of the increased production potential as a result of the schemes financed from Grow More Food funds during 1951 52 The total achievement for the year 1951 52 according to these estimates works out at 8 8 lakh tons in terms of foodgrains Besides this 27 lakh tons in term of foodgrain are estimated to have been produced as a result of major irrigation schemnes which increased the area receiving irrigation during 1951 52 by about eight lakh acres No estimates are available in respect rf agricultural schemes which were not financed under GMF The results of all the schemes will however be reflected more fully and accurately in the production for 1952-53 than for 1951 52 4 All India estimates of actual production during 1952-53 are not yet available in respect of most crops During 1951 52 foodgrains did not record much progress over the preceding year This was largely due to the fact that scarcity conditions prevailed in Bihar Eastern UP and Rayalseema areas of Madras and Saurashtra In 1952 53 an increase of about six million acres (about 54 per cent) in the area under kharif cereals is reported and though production data are not yet available it is believed that compared with 1951 52 there has been an appreciable increase Despite some increase in the sowe areas production of oilseeds has declined slightly main.y due to bad climatic conditions in the groundnut areas In the case of sugarcane there was a large increase in the area sown during 1951 52 and production advanced by about 03 million tons Provisional figures indicate that during 1952 53 there has been a decline due mainly to marketing difficulties Final estimates which are now available in respect of a number of States for rice jowar bajra and maize indicate the following increa es during 1952 53 compared with 1951-52 - Production States for which Crop (million tons) estimates are not included 1951 S 1952 53 Rice Bihar Orissa Jammu ES and Kashmir and Travancore Cochin Jowar Bombay 34 Punjab and Rajas than Bajra 17 I 8 Bornbay Punjabi Pepsu Maize 17 Punjab I 5 Р. Jammu and mir anda In gram and pulses there has been no progress. 16 3 36 Madra ·CHAPTER II AGRICULTURAL PROGRAMMES IN REVIEWING the progress so far made towards achieving the targets of agricultural production included in the Five Year Plan it is necessary to bear in mind that many items in the agricultural programme could not be expected to yield results during the first two years Thus the larger irrigation works are expected to produa substantial results towards the closing period of the Plan The community projects were only initiated late in 1952 and their effec on production has not yet been felt Even in respect of scheme for minor irrigation and land reclamation there is inevitably som time lag between their execution and their effect on agricultura production The schemes executed during 1951 52 could not hav influenced production during the year 1951 52 to any large extent Similarly the schemes executed during 1952-53 and much of th work is done in the six months October to March--will hardly begi to be effective till the current year viz 1953 54 The execution c hese programmes is however gathering momentum and greate expenditure is being incurred than heretofore PRODUCTION TARGETS 2 In determining the production targets outlined in the Fiv Year Plan the Commi son was influenced by the need to meet th shortages in foodgrains and in commercial crops like cotton an jute At the level of consumption during 1950 the deficit in foor grains was estimated at about three million tons Allowing for increase in population the deficit would rise to over 65 million tor by 1956 On the same basis it was estimated that the deficit in grai and pulses would be about 05 million tons by 1956 this would be high as four million tons on the basis of the standards of consumptıc recommended by the Nutrition Advisory Committee With a vie to attaining something like self sufficiency in foodgrains the Ple includes targets for increasing the production of cereal 65 million tons and of gram and pulses by 1 million tons of commercial crops the requirements in 1955-56 are estimated : 53 million bales of cotton and 72 million bales of jute while pr duction at the beginning of the period of the Plan 1e 1950 51 w 297 million bales and 33 million bales respectively The Pla while not attempting to meet these deficits entirely envisag additional production of about 1 25 million bales of cotton and abot two million bales of jute Increases of the order of about 0 7 millic tons of sugarcane (raw gur) and 0 4 million tons of ou seeds hay also been planned to meet the requirements of the increase population 1 In respe 36 ·AGRICULTURAL PROGRAMALES 37 3 These production targets were broken down into programmes of irrigation land reclamation and development and schemes for the supply of seeds manures and fertilizers Detailed estimates of the additional production as a result of these schemes have not yet been framed by the State governments but the Ministry of Food and Agriculture have made a tentative estimate of the increased production potential as a result of the schemes financed from Grow More Food funds during 1951 52 The total achievement for the year 1951 52 according to these estimates works out at 8 8 lakh tons in terms of foodgrains Besides this 27 lakh tons in term of foodgrain are estimated to have been produced as a result of major irrigation schemes which increased the area receiving irrigation during 1951 52 by about eight lakh acres No estimates are available in respect rf agricultural schemes which were not financed under GMF The results of all the scheme will however be reflected more fully and accurately in the production for 1952-53 than for 1901 52 4 All India estimates of actual production during 1952-53 are not yet available in respect of most crops During 1951 52 foodgrains did not record much progress over the preceding year This was largely due to the fact that scarcity conditions prevailed in Bihar Eastern U.P and Rayal eema areas of Madras and Saurashtra In 1952 53 an increase of about six million acres (about 54 per cent) in the area under kharif cereals as reported and though production data are not yet available it is believed that compared with 1951 52 there has been an appreciable increase Despite some increase in the sowr. areas production of oilseeds has declined slightly mainy due to bad climatic conditions in the groundnut areas In the case of sugarcane there was a large increase in the area sown during 1951 52 and production advanced by about 03 million tons Provisional figures indicate that during 1952 53 there has been a decline due mainly to marketing difficulties Final estimates which are now available in respect of a number of States for rice jowar bajra and maize indicate the following increa es during 1952 53 compared with 1951-52 - Production States for which Crop (million tons) estimates are not 1951 52 1952 53 included Rice 15 S 16 3 Bihar Orissa Jammu and hashmir and Travancore Cochin Jowar Bombay Madras Punjab and Rajas than Bajra I 7 1 8 Bombay Punjab and Pepsu Maize IS [7 Punjab Jammu and Kashmir and In gram and pulses there has been no progress. 34 36 1 Pepsu ·38 PROGRESS REPORT, 1951 53 5 The production of commerc al crops is influenced by price changes to a greater extent than that of foodgrains There was increase in the production of jute and cotton during 1951 52 In the case of jute under the stimulus of high prices production rose by 14 lakh bales from 33 to 47 7 lakh bales In the case of cotton production increased by over 39 lakh bales from 297 to 33 lakk bales From the forecasts available for 1952 53 it seems that thes gains have been more or less held but there has been no increase over 1951 52 GROW MORE FOOD CAMPAIGN 6 The GMF campaign now forms part of the Five Year Plan and most of the Central assistance visualised in the Plan for programme: of agricultural development is made available to the States out of the allotments made for Grow More Food Some changes were made during this period in the policy governing the allocation of Grow More Food funds These included (1) greater emphasis on productive schemes of a permanent nature such as irrigation and land development works, (2) execution of special tubewell programmes on a fairly large scale as part of the GAIF campaign (3) concentration of schemes for the supply of improved seeds. manures and fertilisers in compact areas of assured ram fall or irrigation (4) acceptance of schemes for the improvement of livestock fisheries and horticulture as eligible for assistance from Grow More Food funds and 15) adoption of the principle that Central assistance fo: schemes should be ma nly in the form of loans and tha the element of subsidy should be progressively reduced 7 The total expenditure on agricultural development in the State was Rs 20 6 crores* in 1951 52 and Rs 22 3 crores* in 1952 53 Th Centre assisted to the extent of Rs 17 4 crores (loan) Rs 10 4 crore and grants Rs 7 0 crores) in 1951 52 and Rs 210 croies (Joan Rs 14 5 с ores and grants Rs 65 crores) in 1952 53 The break ur the amount sanctioned during these two years is detailed below *These Ogures of expenditure relate to agricultural schemes only and per ,tain to the Hnancial years whercas the GMF Includes some schemes contained to the irrigation progtamme and the finances provided vader GMF are arat able for the agricultural year The two sets of figures are therefore 30% strictly comparable ·AGRICULTURAL PROGRAMMES 39 1951 5- Amouet Icrcun tage Irrigation 10 9 6. Land improvement Is 9 Seeds manures and fertilisers 27 16 Other schemes (plant protec 23 12 tion etc) (Rs in crore 1952 53 Amount Percen tage 13 7 65 I 5 8 3 3 16 24 II 17 4* 100 21 0 100 MINOR IRRIGATION PROGRAMME 8 From the table in the foregoing paragraph it is evident that more than 60 per cent of the Central assistance made available to the States during 1951 52 and 1952 53 was granted for schemes of irrigation. These schemes include construction and repair of wells construction and repair of tanks installation of pumps construction and improvement of dams and channels and other similar minor irrigation works 9 It is estimated that as a result of schemes executed during 1931 52 205 million acres will be brought under irrigation against 828 m llion acres programmed for five years The details of benefits accruing from vamous schemes are outlined below - Scheme (Million acres) Target of Achieve five ment years during 1951 52 1 65 0 36 0 66 0 14 0 75 O 34 5 22 1 21 8 28 Construction and repairs of wells Tubeweils Pumping installations including persian wheel dams channels etc 2 OS Information regarding the progress of these schemes during 1952 53 is not yet available 10 The data regarding total area irrigated during 1951 52 and 1952 53 are not yet fully available and it is not therefore possible to say how the benefits from these schemes are actually reflected a the area irmgated during this period Apart from this the area. irrigated from year to year fluctuates considerably owing to Figures for C.Mr_assi tance given in Chapter I relate to Accounts Os Revised Budget Estimates 1959 53 ·10 PROGRESS REPORT 1951-53 jons in climate and rainfall and the increase in irrigated area as a result of such works cannot be properly assessed except over a period of years This aspect will be considered further in the next review 11 The States in which large numbers of wells were sunk or repaired in 1951 52 are UP (8687) Madras (7288) Madhya Bharat (3297) and Punjab (2001) The work is for the most part undertaken by private persons who are allowed a subsidy (shared equally by the Centre and the State) up to 25 per cent (formerly 50 per cent) o! the cost and can also obtain taccavi loans to cover the balance In some States the recovery of such loans made previous to the com nencement of the Plan has not been satisfactory and this necessitate some modification of the programme 12 Water lift appliances such as pumping sets are growing in popularity and the statement below shows the number installed in some States during 1951 52 — mar State Madras a Oil engines b Electric engines Madhya Pradesh West Bengal Punjab Hyderabad Madhya Bharat Engines and Pumping sets supplied 989 833 155 138 310 76 842 485 2 841 Besides these sets which were supplied to indi ndual cultivators the agriculture departments in UP and Madras maintain 200 and 739 pumping sets respectively which are installed and run by the depart ments at conven ent places and the cost of running realised from the cultivators The Bombay Government are doing much to encourage co-operative lift irrigation societies Two hundred and fifty one such societies are now in existence 13 In the eastern zone eg West Bengal Assam Orissa Bihar and the Eastern part of UP the repair of tanks construction of channels and the execution of small drainage schemes assist pro duction considerably West Bengal undertook 975 such small pro Tects at a cost of Rs 27 42 lakhs in the year 1951 52 The State also spent Rs 22 5 lakhs on the repair of 500 tanks In Assam 65C projects were undertaken at a cost of Rs 38 51 lakhs In the UP Rs 12 lakhs were spent on drainage schemes which are stated to have benefited 9 700 acres Madras spent Rs 1 62 crores on tank improvement schemes and Rs 1 34 crores on small irrigation works ·AGRICULTURAL PROGRAMMIES 14 A special provision of Rs 30 crores for additional minor irrigation was made in the Plan A considerable portion of this provision has to be utilised for financing the 2 650 tubewells for which agreements have been entered into under the Indo-US Technical Co-operation Programme These tubewells will be concentrated mainly in the four States of the Gangetic Plain namely Bihar UP Punjab and Pepsu Arrangements for construction have now been made in respect of 2000 tubewells approved under the 1952 programme 15 Besides the TCA tubewells a programme for the construction of about 1365 tubes ells has been undertaken in the States of UP Bihar Punjab and Bombay The execution of the programme was entrusted to the Associated Tubewells in the fir t three States while in Bombay it was allotted to National Tubes ells The progress made so far is shown in the following statement - Name of State UP Punjab Bihar Bombay No of tube wells 440 245 300 400 No of wells completed 221 138 96 26 Fxperience so far has shown that there is often a considerable time lag between construction and powering and between powering and the actual use of a tubewell LAND RECLAMATION AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES 16 The Plan had envisaged the reclamation of 14 million acres through the Central Tractor Organisation and 12 million acred through State Tractor Organisation The Central Tractor Organisa tion reclaimed 2 55 lakh acres during 1951 52 and 159 lakh acres upto April 1953 in the following States (In acres) 1951 - 1952 53 (up to Apnl 20 1943) Madhya I radesh 7-004 38 795 UP 59 417 35 230 Madhya Bharat 44 525 58 807 Bhopal 79 4.0 25 897 255 357 158 729 17 Reclamation programmes offer opportunities for settlements along new and progressive lines in the Nainital Tarai of u ·PROGRESS REPORT 1951 53 Pradesh for instance about 100 000 acres infested with wild animals and malignant malaria have been converted into prosperous co-opera tive colonies and flourishing State farms 2 613 families consisting mainly of displaced persons political sufferers and ex servicemen have been settled in well laid out colonies Adequate provision for communications has been made by the construction of 38 miles of metalled and 43 miles of unmetalled roads For irrigation 29 tube wels have been sunk A large part of the area has also been prov ded with electrical power 4 large State farm of about 16 500 acres divided into three blocks has been started in the reclaimed area 18 In Madhya Bharat Madhya Pradesh and Bhopal much of the land belongs to cultivators In these States it is understood that 99 per cent of the area reclaimed by the Central Tractor Organisatior is now under cultivation 19 Many of the assumptions made in working out the cost and economics of the programme of the Central Tractor Organisation need re-examination A committee has recently been set up to go into these matters 20 Accurate figures regarding the reclamation programmes carried out by State by Tractor Organisations are not yet available Several State Governments maintain fleets of tractors with which they undertake not only reclamation but also mechanical cultivation of land for the benefit of private parties and in Madhya Pradesh and Madhya Bharat follow up cultivation in areas reclaimed by Central Tractor Organisation is carried out The statement below shows the number of State tractors in States where fairly large fleets are mairtained State No of tractors ownicd Madras -99 Bombay 255 U P 492 Punjab 89 Madhya Pradesh 100 Assam 40 Hyderabad SI Madhya Bharat The progress of work in most of the States has been rather slow because experienced technical personnel are not readily available and it has proved difficult to make satisfactory arrangements for repairs and the supply of spare parts ·AGRICULTURAL PROGRAMMES 21 Contour bunding which is mo t valuable in areas of scanty rainfall has been carried out on an extensive scale in Bombay where during the year 1951 52 about 50,000 acres wert bunded at a cost of Rs 30 lakhs The UP Government spent about Rs 6 67 lakhs on bunding 6300 acres in Bundelkhand In Madhya Pradesh a number of schemes for the construction of new paddy bunds and rabi embank ments have been undertaken A sum of Rs 10 lakhs was spent and about 10 000 acres of land were benefited DISTRIAUTION OF FERTILISERS 22 The use of fertilisers has developed fairly rapidly during the past few years and by 1952 annual consumption of ammonium sulphate and uper phosphate appears to have reached about 25 lakhs tons and 30 000 tons respectively Among Part A States Madra, uses about 100 000 tons UP nd Bombay about 30 000 of ammonium sulphate every vear But in some other States where there is great scope for the use of fertilisers eg Bihar Orissa and Madhya Pradesh the cultivators have been low to take to them One chief difficulty experienced in the popularization of fertilisers as the cultivator s lack of adequate purchasing power A scheme of deferred payment has therefore been evolved to enable the State to supply fertilisers to the cultivators on loan the payment being collected either in cash or kind after the harvest SEED SCHEMES 23 In 1951 52 distribution of improved seeds was undertaken in most of the States Information regarding quantities distnbuted has been received from some States and is given below - Tons UP 25 000 Madras TI 96. Madhya Pradesn 6 078 Assam I 250 Hyderabad 5,267 Madhya Bharat 4 545 From the a pect of the GMF campaign seed production and distribution programmes are not adequately organised ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AND DAIRYING 24 The key village scheme the establishment of Gosadans' the campaign against rinderpest and the opening of more dispensaries are the principal items in the programme for ther provement of livestock ·PROGRESS REPORT 1951 53 25 The key village scheme aims at establishing throughout the country a number of centres each consisting of three or four villages where breed ng will be confined to a few superior bulls of known pedigree and all other bulls will be removed or castrated To accelerate progress and to reduce the number of bulls required the technique of artificial insemination is employed The Plan provides for 600 key villages and 150 artificial insemination centres During che period under review 222 key villages and 96 artificial insemı nation centres have been organised Of the 160 Gosadans contemplated in the Plan 18 have so far been sanctioned 26 It is hoped to eradicate rinderpest by large scale vaccination with the newly evolved lapinised vaccine Arrangements have been made at Izatnager for large scale manufacture of this vaccine and the necessary equipment has been obtained through FA and by direct purchase 27 As regards dairying a pilot project has been taken up by the ICAR to provide milk of good quality at a reasonable price to the citizens of Delhi A dairy equipped with a pasteurising plant has been established under the ICAR with 40 sales depots in the town CONSOLIDATION OF HOLDINGS 28 Schemes for the consolidation of holdings have been incorpo rated in the Plans of Pepsu Punjab Uttar Pradesh and Bornbay In Pepsu and UP the preliminary arrangements are being completed but the work has not yet started in the Punjab about 12 lakhs acres are reported to have been consolidated by 1951 52 Information con cerning the work done in Bombay has not yet been received AGRICULTURAL FINANCE 29 Owing to the operation of land reform legislation and money lenders Acts the private sources of agricultural finance have been curtailed Efforts have therefore been made by the State and Central Governments to provide credit faalities in other ways more especially by increasing co-operative credit The Reserve Bank which advanced only Rs 15 lakhs in 1946-47 loaned out about Rs 12 crores to agricultural societies in 1951 52 All India figures of the loans advanced by co-operative societies are available only up to the year 1950-51 but figures relating to the States of Madras and Bombay show that as compared with 1950-51 advances made by Co-operative Societies in 1951 52 increased by about 21 per cent Membership has also been enlarged Other States have progressed but at slower rates To ensure progress on sound lines the Reserve Bank of India has examined the condition of the co-opera tive credit movement in almost all the States and in consultation ·AGRICULTURAL PROGRAMMES 46 with them is working out a programme for expanding credit facilities 30 The Reserve Bank at present advances loans only for short term purposes These are made available at 14 per cent so that the rate to the ultimate borrower may not be high It does not grant accommodation for medium term purposes A bill to amend the Reserve Bank Act so as to make this possible has been introduced in Parliament 31 As regards long term loans not much progress can be said to have been made even in Madras and Bombay A sum of Rs five crores has been provided in the Plan to assist the growth of co operative facilities for long term finance FORESTS 32 On the abolition of zamindarı large areas of private forests have vested in State Governments particularly those of Madhya Pradesh UP and Bihar The steps have to be taken to strength n the forest administration with a view to the efficient management ot these areas UP and Bihar report the creation of four and sıx forest divisions respectively 33 The exploitation of the North Andaman forests has progressed satisfactorily and about 7500 tons of hard and soft wood were extracted and exported to the main land during 1951 52 An expedi tion to the Nicobar Islands has revealed that India can obtain about 30 000 tons of timber annually from these islands SOIL CONSERVATION 34 The Plan includes a special provision of Rs two crores for oil conservation A desert afforestation research station has been e tablished at Jodhpur to deal with the problems created by the advance of the Rajputana desert and a soil conservation branch has been created at the Forest Research Institute Dehradun Soal con servation demonstration centres are being set up in Hyderabad Madhya Bharat Pepsu and Delhi 35 Detailed proposals for the setting up of the Central Organisa tion for land utilisation and soil conservation recommended by the Planning Commission are at present under consideration Other schemes for soil conservation will be initiated by this organisation in consultation with State Governments 36 In Bombay where the major part of the area is rain fed and a number of districts are expo er to scarcity conditions contour bund ng and dry farming programmes are being expanded FISHERIES 37 In respect of marine fisheries the construction of the large cold storage and ice plants at Calicut and Bangalore is no ·PROGRESS REPORT 1951 53 cor pletion Mechanisation of country craft in Bombay is making satisfactory progres Danish trawlers belonging to the West Bengal Government are bringing in increased catche and the Japanese trawler operating in the Arabian sea is reported to be doing well The refitting of the Government of India trawlers with a view to using them for bull trawling has been taken in hand A team of fisheries officers of the maritime States headed by the Fisherie Development Adviser of the Government of India vuited a number of countrie in Europe America and Japan to select equipment and personnel for the execution of the fisheries schemes included in the Plan and to be financed under the Indo US Technical Co-operation Agreement After their return arrangements have been finalised for the purchase of equipment and recruitment of four fishing techni cians from Japan for bull trawling operations In addition the wervices of a British technician have been obtained by the Govern ment of India for exploratory and experimental fishing operations with various type, of gear A project for fisherie, development has been sanctioned as part of the Norwegian aid programme for Travancore Cochin at a total cost of Rs 38 lakhs 38 As regards inland fisheries the stocking of the Mettur reservoir is in progress In UP the State Government have undertaken to stock canal reservoirs Steps have been taken in Orissa and Bihar for large scale collect on of fry for stocking new area RELIEF FOR SCARCITY AFFECTED AREAS 39 During the years 1951 52 and 19,2 53 some of the States experienced scarcity conditions To assist them in affording relief the Central Government sanctioned loans and grants as shawn below - (Rs in lakhs) r9S1 S2 1952 53 (Grant) (Loans) (Grant) Assam 18 84 to 63 Bihar 22 50 13 So Madras 2000 47 03 West Bengal 40 51 Rajasthan 12 98 3 92 Saurashtra SOO 30 50 Ajmer 75 34 TOTAL 41 34 262 98 221 43 40 During the year 1952 53 the Government of India deputed teams of officers to tour scarcity affected areas and study in detail the nature and extent of the distress and to recommend suitable measures for providing relief The teams visited Madras Mysore Hyderabad West Bengal and Bombay and submitted their reports which are under con ideration ·CHAPTER III COMMUNITY NATIONAL EXTENSION SERVICE AND PROJECTS DURING 1952 tuo developments took place which are closely interrelated and whose significance is likely to grow as time passes These were the initiation of the first group of rural community projects and the provision on a large scale of training facilities for village level and other extension workers The basic ideas under lying these suggestions were et out in the Draft Outline of the Five Year Plan which was published in July 1951 At that stage however definite programmes nad still to take hape In the closing months of 1971 52 the Ford Foundation came forward with proposals to assist in the establishment of 25 extension training centres and 15 extension development block. Community projects also found the pride of place in the Technical Co operation Agree ment signed between India and the United States early in January 1932 After a few months practical work it bacame po sible to integrate community development and extension into a single well knit programme for which the Five Year Plan in its final form set apart a sum of Rs 90 crores 2 At present 30 extension training centres are at work 1324 village level workers and 66 supervi ory parsonnel are under train ing So far 946 village level workers and 180 supervisory personnel have completed their training and begun work in project areas 3 At the end of 1951 52 fiftv five areas were selected for inter. e development in diffe ent parts of the country A projec area generally consists of one or more recognised administrative units and represents about 300 villages with a population of about 300 000 and a total area of about 450 to 500 sq miles A project area is divided into three development blocks of about 100 villages each Although the total number of community projects begun during 1952 is described as 55 in fact these represent 81 different centres at which work is in progress A statement at the end of this chapter lists the areas in which intensive community development work has been undertaken in the first pha e 4 The summer months of 1952 were occupied mainly with selec tion and training of personnel-village level workers project executive officers and technical staff--and throughout the country work began on the last birthday anniversary of Mahatma namely October 2 1952 ·48 PROGRESS REPORT 1951 53 5 It is too early yet to present a quantitative assessment of the work which has been undertaken in community project areas Agri cultural operations for the rabi season were well advanced when the projects commenced In the next progress report it should be possible to indicate precisely the advance achieved in the develop ment of minor irrigation mtensive cultivation village communica tions and welfare services and in the mobilisation of voluntary labour for community works There is however little doubt that throughout the country community projects and the development of extension services are seen as a new and important development as a major source of energy and a pre-emipent method for national reconstruction for it is recognised that while official agencies can guide and help the bev to rapid social and economic progress lies in the hands of the people Increasingly the main emphasis M community project programmes upon the exercise of initiative and leadership in constructive effort by the people themselves There is encouraging evidence already of wide-spread public participation of willingness on the part of all sections of the village community to work together for common tasks and of a rapid growth in the volume of voluntary welfare activities In the chapter on Public Co-operation will be found listed some outstanding recent examples of voluntary effort on the part of rural communities in community projects as well as in other areas 6 Community projects and extension services mark a vital phase in the reorientation of district administration for welfare and deve lopment programmes An integrated approach to the problems of the villager calls for the requisite administrative machinery and methods for their real test lies in the practical results they attain in co-operation with the people The success of community development and extension programmes turns to no small extent upon the efficiency with which the administration carries out the task assigned to it for instance in such matters as the organisation of supplies taking knou ledge and assistance to village communities building up initiatae and organisation from below and adapting general programmes to local needs and conditions 7 An aspect which in the light of recent experience needs to be stressed is the observance of priorities between development schemes in community project areas The major objective of com munity development are the practice of scientific agriculture on the largest possible scale and increase of agricultural production It is the measure in which effect as concentrated above all upon increase of production and increase of employment that the intensive effort prescribed for a period of three years in community project areas is likely to leave behind marks of permanence and continuity With out this pronty receiving the attention needed it is difficult in ·a IS NATIONAL EXTENSION SERVICE AND COMMUNITY PROJECTS village conditions to sustain welfare activities or to maintain new services which may be organised quickly enough as the first response of the local people to new programme It important therefore that project authorities everywhere should devote special care to the introduction of improved agricultural methods—use of good seed fertilisers manure etc the building up of co-opera tave movement and to the development of a competent village agency representing the village community as a whole along the i nes suggested in the Five Year Plan for carrying out village programmes Another aspect to which from now on special attention needs to be pard is the implementation of programmes for land reform, minimum wages and expansion of employment opportunities for landless agricultural workers and others 8 In a programme which covers every aspect of the life of the rural community evaluation presents several difficult problems Wherever possible a system of guantitative assessment needs to be developed urgently The main reliance for such assessment must be placed on the authorities in charge of the individual projente The National Sample Survey can also render valuable service. Ao independent unit outside the Community Projects Administrator known as the Programme Evaluation Organisation has been openbare on ly set up by the Planning Commission with the assistance of the Ford Foundation for carrying out systematic evaluation of w done in community projects and other intensive development schemes for developing methods and techniques of evaluation and for carrying out its programme the organisation has set 19 centres of which 14 are located in community project are five in other extension projects A list of these centres is given end of this chapter In each selected area there will be a ) Evaluation Officer who will carry out continuous evaluation work in that area 9 In the Five Year Plan community development ha described as the method and rural extension as the agency is which the Plan seeks to initiate a process of transformation social and economic life of the villages They have nox integrated into a single national programme The Plan er that during the period 1953—-56 120 000 villages would be within the operations of the National Extension Style community projects commenced in 1952-53 and the additior. development blocks which are being taken up in 19.2 account for about 300 development blocks of about 1001 It is proposed to take up 180 development blocks du 270 during 1954-55 and 450 during 1955-56 and to estas the necessary extension organisation From these blocks it is proposed to select 150 blocks in 1954-55 ans 9 PC ·more 50 PROGRESS REPORT, 1951 53 for intensive development involving a higher rate of development expenditure The entire programme is now being v orked out in detail in consultation with State Governments 10 A programme as comprehensive as that now drawn up for providing extension services to the entire country over a period of perhaps & or 10 years cannot but exert a profound influence on national development It makes altogether new demands in terms both of magnitude and quality of effort upon the administration eq tally it calls for new attitudes towards vork and for equal opportunities for different sections of the community In one other direction the programme will have an immediate impact. The train ang programmes provided in the plans of State Governments for oersonnel needed for extension activities in agriculture co-opera tion health education and cottage and small scale industries will Oopstazka man ay to stawiarnbau au? Sarjaan sof darynsur og and community development schemes One of the first tasks during 1953 54 in the States should therefore be to recast he programmes orginalls diawn up and to undertake the necessary expansion co-operation with the Central Government 2m ·NATIONAL EXTENSION SERVICE. AND COMMUNITY PROJECTS 51 LIST OF AREAS SELECTED IN 1952-53 FOR INTENSIVE DEVELOPMENT UNDER THE COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMULE S No State Area Remarks Population (lakhs) 1 Assam I Cachar District (P) 2 Darrang.D strict (P) 3 Garo Hills (D) 4 Gola ghat (D) 1 Pusa Samashpur (P) 2 Ranchi District (P) 3 Bihar Ekangasarai (P) 4 Bhabusa Mohania (P) $ Santhal Pergs (D) 3 13 State Goremment I OI have beta asked to coper 7 74 lakhs 0 27 Backward Area, O 37 Backward Area 5 17 2 OT 4 61 I 96 O 37 Backward Arca. 2 Bihar 3 Bombay Meshana District (P) → Kolhapur District (P) 246 2 26 State Government asked to increase to 12 S7 lakbs 2 09 2 68 0 72 4 Madhya Pra desh 2 53 State Government ISS asked to increase 3 os to 8 70 lakhs I 06 Backward Arca 3 Madras 3 Thana Colaba (P) 4. Belgaum District (P) $ Sabarkantha District (D) 1 Raipur District (P) 2 Hoshangabad D strict (P) 3 Amravati District (P) 4 Bastar District (P) I kurnool District (P) 2 Coimbatore District (P) 3 Malabar District (P) East Godaveri District (P) South Kanara District (P) Madural District (P) I Kalaband District () 2 Bhadrak D strict (P) 3 Russelkonda District (P) 9 25 5 63 5 98 7 00 6 18 3 96 6 Orissa I 72 State Government I 74 asked to Increase T 40 the Population to 8 70 lakhs 7 Punjab Sonep t (Project) 2 Batala 2 34 3 Jagadhari (Project) 4 Nawansh hr (Project) Nelokhe 1 (D) 6 Fnd bad (D) 8 Uttar Pradesh I Corakhpur District (P) 2 Azamgarh D strict (P) 3 43 State Government have been asked to COV r 4 13 lakhs 2 SI 2 58 075 Awaited 3 88 3 g6 State Government asked to cover & total population of 17 40 lakhs 3 19 3 00 I 81 I 31 Backward Area 3 Faizabad D trict (1) Manipur Di tract (P) Jhans D strict (P) 6 Almora D strict (P) P Project arca. D D velopment block ·52 PROGRESS REPORT 1951-53 1 LIST OF AREAS SELECTED IN 1952-53 FOR INTENSIVE DEVELOPMENT UNDER THE COMIUNITY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME-contd State Area Remarks S No Population lakhs) 9 West Bengal mo # Barupur (Composite block) Jhargram (Composite block) 3 Gushkara (Composite block) Saktighar (Composite block) Nalhati (Composite block) Ahmedapur(Composite block) Md. Bazar (Composite block) Fulia (Composite block) Nizamsnag31 (P) 10 Hyderabad 2 Tungabhadra (P) 3 Mulug (D) II Aladhya Bharat Raipur (P) 12 Mysore 13 PEPSU 14 Rajasthan 2 Harsı (P) I Shimoga District (P) I Dhuri District (P) I Rajsamand (D) 2 Sumerpur (D) 0 79 0 31 0 74 State Government 0 66 have been asked to 0 62 cover a total popu O 32 lation of 6 00 lakhs. 0 34 0 49 I 37 State Government asked to cover total population of S 40 lakhs. O 80 0 40 Backward Area. I 19 State Government asked to cover 4 00 lakhs Y 48 I 30 3 26 0 66 I I2 State Government asked to cover 677 Lakhs 0 62 O 75 0 79 53 79 Backarward Area. I 29 State Government asked to cover 2 90 lakhs 7 66 6 I 17 40 3 Raisinghunagar (D) 4 Dungerpur (D) Baran (D) 5 Alwar (D) 7 Hindaun (D) i Manavadar Vanthalı (Project) 19 Saurashtra 16 Travancore Cochin. 17 Ajmer 18 Bilaspur (Simla Hills). 19 Bhopal 1 kunnathanad (P) 2 Neyyathinkara (Ó) I Ajmer Sub-Division (D) i Bilaspur (D) I Sehore and Raisen Districts 113 20 Coorg 2 47 State Government asked to cover 29 lakhs O 75 State Government asked to cover o 97 3 60 fakhs I 25 I Shanırarsartha (Block) I Alpur (D). 1 Sinour and Mandi Districts (P) 1 Bhuj Nakhtarana (D) 1 Thoubal Tehsu (D) 21 Delhi 22 Hunachal Pradesh, 23 Kutch 24 Manipur O 85 0 77 State Government asked to cover O 97 lakhs Backward Arca. z& Vindhya 1 Saddar Tehsil 1 Nagoa and Rajurag (D) I Abhor District (D) OSS 0 71 Pradesh 27 NEFA 28 Jammu and Kashur 113 Backnard Area P Project area D Development Block ·mics Kather NATIONAL EXTENSION SERVICE AND COMMIUNITY PROJECTS 63 II LIST OF EXTENSIVE DEVELOPMENT BLOCKS TAKEN UP IN 1952-53 WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF THE FORD FOUNDATION Stato Location of project se Arca in sq miles Population etc 1 Bombay Tra nung centre at Agr 1 About 100 v Ilages 2 79 000 Instt Anand (1) Project a character tracta 278 sq m les Gujerat 2 Madhya Pradesh Village Snderahu Charda 100 vllages 155 89 43 338 D stt 3 Uttar Pradesh Baksh ka Talab near Lucknow 200 v Ilages 79 74 SI 440 89 miles 4 West Bengal Burdwan Farm 100 villages 62 sq 54 000 m les 5 I lysore Malavath Taluk Mandhya D stt 100 v Hages 178 sq I 10 485 m les 6 Assam Rangiya in Kamrup D sit 113 v 1 ges 113 9 S2000 89 m les 7 B har Vllages of B hta B kran and 100 v llages 66 sq I 11 740 miles 8 Or ssa Kendrapara n Cuttack 141 v llages ioo miles 9 Hyderabad kukatapall som les from Hy 120 v 11ages 256 sq 1 20 847 derabad miles 10 Pepsu Bhadson Tehs 1 Nabha 139 v Ilages 148 sq 42 854 m les II Madhya Bharat Harsa Gwal or D stt v Ilages 110 sq 38 046 m les 12 Travancore Havel kara a Qu lon D stt 45 Pakuth es 275 59 6 63.446 Coch n m les 13 Vindhya Pradesh Nowgong and ne ghbour ag area 142 v llages 200 sq 39 300 m les 14 Bhopal W th na rad us of 8 m les from 134 v Il ges 187 sq 23 957 Obe dull hgany m les IS H machal Pradesh Str p between kufr and Narkanda 275 y llages 91 889 2017 m le III LIST OF SELECTED EVALUATION CENTRES Stat Locat on I Assam Cachar District (Sona-S Ichar-Hailakandi Teutis 2 West Bengal Block n B sbhum D stt ct (S dar Sub-d sar. Pusa Samast pur Begusara area Orissa Balasore D str ct 5 Madras Coimbatore (Gobid—Brode-Bhawani.com Tehs is Proj ct) 6 Madras Eat Godavar (Kak nanda Peddapuram) Par Mysore V sheschwarya Canal Farm Travancore Coch n Kunnathunad Chalakud (Tr chur D stru 9 Hyderabad Kukatpall about 5 6 m les from Hyderaison IO Bombay II Saurashtra (Manayadar Vankath Mahal) 12 Raj sthan Sawa Madhopur 13 Madhya Pradesh Amraot Mors Daryapur Gurdaspur (Batala) --Tehs 1 Punjab 14 15 Pepsu Bhadson IỐ H machal Pradesh Block on the strp-between Kufs se IS V odhya Pradesh Block w th n a rad us of 25 m lets sa 19 Madhya Bharat N mar D str ct (Rajpur Kasrant 106 3 Bihar *Intens ve development bi ck ·CHAPTER IV IRRIGATION AND POWER 1 GENERAL THE FIRST Five Year Plan included mainly project which were already under construction on which considerable sums of money had already been spent and which could be expected to yield addi tional food at an early date Large multi purpose projects were phased with a view to early completion of their irrigation aspects The total cost of all the Irrigation and Power Schemes (including Multi purpose Schemes) under construction is Rs 765 crores Out of this a sum of Rs 153 crores had already been spent up to March 1951 During the two years 1951-53 a sum of about Rs 190 crores has been spent on these projects again t Rs 206 crores envisaged 10 the Plan out of a total provision of Rs 518 crores for the five year period for schemes under construction In terms of expenditure incurred therefore the progres in the implementation of the Plan has been satisfactory on full 2 In terms of benefits although the full quantum will be achieved only on completion of the works perhaps a little later Jevelopment it is satisfactory to note that the targets fixed for the year 1952 53 have been substantially attained It was anticipated hat 239 000 kW of new power plant would be installed by 1952-53 Against this 315 000 kW have actually been installed including 50 000 FW at the Bokaro thermal station of the Damodar Valley Project Vnder irrigation the target for 1952-53 was 1 89 milion acres of irrigated acreage Against this on the basis of information available which is not quite complete 1 42 million acres have actually been irrigated While Punjab and Uttar Pradesh have done slightly better than anticipated Bihar Madras Rajasthan and the Damodar Valley Project bave lagged behind 3 In terms of work done at site good progress is reported on the Multi purpose Projects and on some of the projects in Bombay Madras and Saurashtra Mysore Hyderabad and Rajasthan are backward mainly on account of financial reasons 4 Statements I II and III show important particulars of progress made on Multi purpose Projects on State Irrigation Projects and on State Power Projects during the period 1951-53 The programme of expenditure for the current year 1953-54 has also been indicated.

·IRRIGATION AND POWER 65 The total expenditure on Irrigation and Power Projects (including Multi purpose Projects) is as follows Ezp adituro Plan big re (R$ in 1 kh) (Rs in lakt) 1951 5 8 86 (actual) 85 00 195 83 107 16 (rev sed budget) 110 1933 64 116 53 (budget) 1 700 5 Figures of expenditure for 1951 52 relate to actuals those for 1952-53 are in accordance with the revised budget The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development has granted two loans on account of the Damodar Valley Project namely $185 million in 1949 50 and $ 19 5 million in 1952-53 6 Statement IV shows the development of power plant capacity in public utilities dunng the period 1950-53 NEW PROJECTS 7 of the five new projects included in the Plan the Chambal the Koyna the Kosi the Rihand and the Krishna little progress in actual construction has been made in the years 1951–53 A Committee appointed by the Plann.ng Commission to examine the Krishna Pennar Project submitted a report and futher investigations recommended by the Committee are in progress Negotiations between the Governments of Madhya Bharat and Rajasthan in con nection with the Chambal Project have led to an agreement between the two States on the distribution of irrigation waters to be made available by the prdject on a 50 50 bass in 8 Among the recommendations made by the Planning Commision the proposal to establish an Irrigation Development (Ways and Means) Fund has met with general approval but no definite action has been taken by any State Government except Madhya Pradesh where a Non lapsable Fund has been established with a small contribution of Rs 10 lakhs a year 9 Following the recommendations of the Planning Commission regarding the levy of betterment fee on all new irrigation projects legislation has been enacted in Bombay Punjab and Hyderabad Madras Uttar Prade h West Bengal Rajasthan and Pepsu have drafted bills which are under consideration The necessary legis lation already exists in Mysore The Governments of Bihar Ori sa Madhya Bharat and Travancore Cochin have accepted the principle of Betterment Fee 10 A study of the economics of tube well schemes both existing and proposed has recently been initiated by the Planning Commis. sion It appears that it would be necessary to levy a betterment fee on all tube well projects to avoid heavy losses on their operation ·56 PROGRESS REPORT 1951 53 11 A brief description of the progress made during 1951.-53 on the Multi purpose Projects and State Irrigation and Power Projects follows 2 MULTI PURPOSE PROJECTS 12 Bhalra Nangal Project -Work on the Bhakra Nangal Project 15 proceeding satisfactorily A sum of Rs 31 14 lakhs has been spent on this project during the two years 1951-53 the total expenditure to end of March 1953 being about Rs 5500 lakhs The project consist of (a) The Bhakra dam across the Sutlej (b) The Nangal dam eight miles lower down (c) Nangal power channel (d) Two power houses on the Nangal canal (e) Transmaission lines and (1) Bhakra canal system At the Bhakra dam site the two 50 diameter diversion tunnels are in an advanced stage of completion Work in the river bed should start next winter after the flow of the Sutley has been diverted through the tunnels The Nangal dam has been completed except for the installation of gates which will be in position within a year On the Nangal power channel work is proceeding according to schedule on the excavation of the canal its fining and the construction of drainage works cross At both power houses No 1 and 2 the excavation for the founda tion has been completed and a good part of the super structure of power house No 1 has been completed Part of the generating equipment for these power houses and the material for transmission lines have been received at site According to present expectations the power house No 1 and a large part of the main transmission system wll be commissioned by the middle of 1954 Work on the Bhakra canals comprising 518 miles of main and branch canals and 2000 miles of distributary channels also proceeding according to schedule It is expected that most of the channels will be completed in time to provide non perennial supplies to the Bhakra areas dunng 1954 Partial irrigation has already commenced About 19 000 acres were irrigated in 1951 52 and about 100 000 acres during 1952-53 is 13 The Hanke Barrage at the confluence of the rivers Sutlej and Beas has been completed except for the installation of gates Work on the Ferozepore Feeder and the Bakhu Canal is proceeding satisfactorily ·IRRIGATION AND POWER 14 Damodar Valley Project --Work on the Damodar Valley Project is making good progress An expenditure of Rs 29 22 lakhs has been incurred during 1951–53 bringing the total up-to-date expenditure on the project to about Rs 46 000 lakhs The project involves the ultimate construction of eight dams on the Damodar and its distributaries a thermal station at Bokaro and an irrigation system The first phase of the project as included in the Plan comprises of (a) the Bokaro thermal station of 150 000 kW capacity (b) Tilaiya dam with a power station (c) the Konar dam (d) the Mathon dam with a power house (e) the Panchet Hull dam 6) Durgapur barrage and canals and (9) Transmission line system The construction of the Bokaro thermal station with 3x50 000 kW generating sets and 6 x 300 000 lbs/hr boilers is nearing completion The supply of power from this station commenced early in 1953 when one un t of 50 000 kW was put in commission The construction of the Tilaiya dam has been completed The hydro power station with two generating sets of 2000 kW each has also been commissioned An area of about 5 000 acres was irrigated from this dam during 1952 53 The Konar dam the reservoir behind which will provide cooling water for the Bokaro thermal station will be ready by June 1953 More than half of the earth work and about 2/3rd of the concrete have been laid The storage already provided is sufficient for the needs of the Bokaro thermal plant already installed The construction work on the Maithon dam is in full swing The winter flow of the river has been diverted through a tunnel Work on the right dyke is nearing completion The entire work 1 scheduled to be completed by June 1954 and the hydro electric station by March 1955 The construction of the Panchet Hill Dam and the Durgapur Barrage and canals is at its early stages Over 150 miles of the main transmission lines have already been erected and good progress made on another length of 92 miles Five grid sub-stations and four receiving stations have already been brought into operation The entire system is expected to be ready by June 1953 15 Hirakud Project -The up-to-date expenditure on the Hirakud project is over Rs 24 00 lakhs out of which Rs 18 08 lakhs have been spent in the period 1951–53 After the completion of all preliminary works work on the earthen and concrete dams is well Work on the left dyke is nearly completed while on the right more than half is finished.

·58 PROGRESS REPORT 1951 53 More than half of the work of excavation of the canal system has been completed The construction of masonry works and cross drainage works is in progress The first phase of power development from the Hirakud dam provides for an installation of 123 000 kW of which 48 000 kW will be installed in the period of the Plan According to present expecta tions both irrigation and power will be available from the Hirakud Project in 1955 as envisaged m the Plan 3 STATE IRRIGATION PROJECTS Part A States 16 Assam An expenditure of Rs 54 lakhs has been incurred during the two years 1951-53 out of a total provision in the Five Year Plan of Rs 200 lakhs Good progress has been made on the scheme for food protection and dra nage 68000 acres have actually benefited against 30 000 acres antic pated in the Plan Construction of protection works for Dibrugarh town has not yet been taken in hand material has however been collected at site 17 Bihar. The expenditure during the two years 1951-53 is Rs 401 lakhs out of a total of Rs 973 lakhs for the Plan period Out. of 10 schemes included in the Plan one has been completed another is nearing completion the rest are in progress An additional area of 146 115 acres have already been brought under krigation against 180 600 acres anticipated in the Plan In North Bihar by the end of December 1952 144 out of a total of 300 tubewells had been bored Progress 25 slower than anticipated originally However 200 tubewells are expected to be energized by June 1953 and 50 more are pro to be worked diesel engines In South Bihar at the end of December 1952 195 out of a total of 200 tubewells were in actual use On account of favourable rainfall in 1952 the area actually imgated was however much less than anticipated Progress on drainage of Chours and other wrigation schemes has been slower than anticipated Against a target of 136 300 acres only 89 160 acres have so far been benefited 18 Bombay-Progress has been good on most of the schemes The actual expenditure during 1951-53 is Rs 4 60 lakhs 70 per cent of the work on the Gangapur dam has been completed excavation of permanent waste weir and work on the left and right bank outlets are in progreso About half of the work on the Kolchi weir and Ranand tank has been completed Excavation for foundation of weir at Vanakbor for the Mahi Right-bank canal project has been started About one-third of the work on the Ghataprabha left bank canal project has so far been completed ·IRRIGATION AND POWER 59 Work on the weir across the Tapi in the Lower Tapi Valley Project is making good progress 400 miles of canals have been excavated out of a total length of 600 miles The construction of drainage crossings and distributaries is al o proceeding satisfactonly It is expected that the canals will be opened in June 1953 as envisaged in the Plan 19 Madhya Pradesh-Progress on irrigation schemes has been slow An expenditure of only Rs 23 lakhs has been incurred during the first two years of the Plan out of a total provision of Rs 308 lakhs A sum of R 45 lakhs has however been provided for expenditure in 1953 54 20 Madras-An expenditure of Rs 18 32 lakhs has been incurred during the first two years of the Plan out of a total of Rs 34 08 lakhs provided in the Plan Good progress is maintained on most schemes. The Cauvery delta drainage scheme has been completed The Lower Bhavanı Project the Tungabhadra Project and the Romperu drainage schemes are nearing completion 75 per cent of the work on the Malampuzha Project has been done It is observed, however that only 7000 acres have been brought under irrigation against a target of 42 000 acres for the year 1952 53 The work on the Tungabhadra dam has been carried out according to schedule 15 million cubic feet of masonry have been laid in the dam out of a total of 16 2 mill on cubic feet The expenditure to end of 1952-53 on the Tungabhadra Project (Madras side) is Rs 15 88 lakhs out of a total of Rs 19 70 lakhs The Project will be effective from June 1953 when the dam w 11 have been completed except for the installation of spillway gates and the excavation of canals in their lower reaches It was anticipated that enough storage would be available in the dam for the irrigation of 100 000 acres of second crop in the Krishna Delta during the year 1952 53 Storage was available however only for 30 000 acres but unfortunately even this could not be util zed due to the unexpected damage that occurred on the Krishna anicut in the summer of 1952 Tie Lower Bhavanı Project is nearing completion Water was let down the canal system for irrigation in September 1952 for an area of 5 000 acres In the case of the Romperu drainage scheme the total cost of the scheme has been revised from Rs 96 lakhs to Rs 117 lakhs 21 Onssa.--Progress on Minor Irrigation Works included in the Plan has been fairly satisfactory An expenditure of Rs 1 42 lakhs has been incurred out of a total of Rs 300 lakhs The main obje. of these schemes is the protection of paddy from the drought and to induce the cultivators in different areas to ·60 PROGRESS REPORT 1951 53 cultivation of Rab: crops The State Government are of the vier that these schemes have been very popular in the State and ha enthused the people more than any other field of developm included in the Plan 22 Punjab -The actual expenditure incurred during 1951 Rs 188 lakhs out of a total of Rs 326 lakhs included in The area actually irrigated during 1952-53 from these sch 238 000 acres much above the target in the Plan of 1" There is some delay however in the completion of tube 23 Uttar Pradesh -A sum of Rs 661 lakhs has ber the years 1951--53 out of a total of Rs 19 11 lakhs p Plan Progress on various schemes has been good The following schemes undertaken since about 1948, have bew completed (1) 100 state tubewells in Gorakhpur (11) 803 miles extension of Sarda Canal (111) Pratapgarh branch (1) Saprar dam Lalitpur dam and Nagwa dam (v) Other schemes Work on the 600 tubewells in Western districts and 1062 miles extension of Sarda Canal is also nearing completion that on 50 addı tional tubewells in Tubewell Circle and the Kabrai scheme being in fairly advanced stage An additional area of 585 000 acres has been brought under irriga tion during 1952 53 against the target figure of 528 000 acres 24 West Bengal -An expenditure of R 589 lakhs has been incurred during 1951–53 out of Rs 15 37 lakhs included in the Five Year Plan Work on the Mayurakshi Project is proceeding accord ing to programme ingation having been provided to 100 000 acres of land during 1951 52 The Suvankar Danra scheme and a part of the Sonarpu Arrah Panch Malta scheme are also nearing completion Other works are held up on account of financial difficulties Among other schemes a number of minor irrigation schemes have however been completed Against a target of 360 000 actes to be irrigated in West Bengal during the year 1952-53 the actual irrigation in that year was nil An area of 120 000 acre could have been imgated by the Mayurakshi Project but on account of adequate and timely rainfall the cultiva tors did not take any irrigation supply ·IRRIGATION AND POWER (1 Part B States 25 Hyderabad-Out of a total provision of Rs 24 79 lakhs in the Plan an expenditure of Rs 840 lakhs has been incurred during 1951- 53 Work on Bendsura project is nearing completion and that on Koilsagar and minor irrigation works LS fairly well advanced Progress on other schemes is slow The Tungabhadra dam on the Hyderabad side is nearing completion but work on the canals is behind schedule Only 14 miles have been excavated out of a total of 173 miles Meanwhile the waters to be stored at the dam can be utilised for irrigation in the Krishna delta for raising a second crop The Governments of Madras and Hyderabad have been asked to work out a joint scheme for this purpose The Hyderabad Government have been given additional assistance in order to expedite the construction of the canals About 80 per cent of the work on the Rajolibunda diversion anıcut has been completed The construction of the canal is making. good progress upto mile 48 Work on the excavation of foundations for the Kaddam dam (Godavarı First Phase) on the masonry of the face wall and of earth backing of the composite dam are in progress The first 40 miles length of the canal and the cross drainage works are under construction 26 Jammu and Kashmir -An expenditure of Rs 107 lakhs has been incurred during the first two years of the Plan out of a total provision of Rs 340* lakhs during the Plan period The major schemes in progress are the Sindh hydro electric scheme and the Kishtwa Canal scheme 27 Madhya Bharat-Out of Rs 428 lakhs provided in the Plan a sum of Rs 60 lakhs spent during the two years 1951–53 Progress is slow 28 Mysore - The Plan proyides for an expenditure of Rs 716 lakhs of this an expenditure of Rs 206 lakhs has been incurred during the first two years of the Plan The progress on most of the schemes has not been keeping pace with the programme visualised in the Plan This aspect is under the examination of the Plannag Commission however an add tional area of 8 000 acres has been brought under irrigation against a target of 7 000 acres in the Plan 29 PEPSU-An expenditure of Rs six lakhs has been incurred out of a provision in the Plan of Rs 34 lakhs The figues of Rs 206 lakhs shown in the volum D-velopment Schemes in the Fi st. Five Yea Plan 18 nly the outlay Irrigation S hemes financed by the Central Loans The figure doW 1 dc ted is th total pov s on und the Jammu and me Ka hmir plan ·62 PROGRESS REPORT 1951 53 30 Rajasthan -During the first two years of the Plan an expendi ture of Rs 119 lakhs has been incurred against a total provision of Rs 504 lakhs in the Plan Progress has not been satisfactory on some of the chemes About 50 per cent of the work on the Jawai project has been completed Steps have been taken to strengthen the organisation An area of 5 000 acres has been brought under itigation against a target of 73 000 acres for 1952 53 31 Saurashtra --An expenditure of Rs 1 86 lakhs has been incurred dunng the first two years of the Plan against a total provision of Rs 475 lakhs Good progress is being maintained on most of the schemes The Surajwadi and Rangala schemes have been completed Bhimdad Sashoi and Brahmanı schemes are nearing completion Work on the Brahmanı irrigation scheme has been accelerated and the dam which was expected to be completed by 1953 54 will now be ready by June 1953 11 000 acres of land have actually been brought under irrigation against 20 000 acres envisaged in the Plan 32 Travancore-Cochin --There is a provision of Rs 4 78 lakhs in the Plan of this Rs 178 lakhs have been spent during the first two years Almost all the schemes are behind chedule The Perinchani scheme is nearing complet on The Peechi and Chalakudy schemes were scheduled to be completed in 1932 53 but due to major deviations and changes in -design found necessary in the course of execution it has not been possible to complete the schemes in 1952-53 The schemes are expected to be completed in 1953-54 about 50 per cent of the work has been completed The total cost of the Neyyar Irrigation Scheme has been revised from Rs 1 20 lakhs (in the Plan) to Rs 221 lakhs Work on the excavation of the foundations of the dam has been commenced Excavation in the first 3 miles of the canal system is in progress About 20 000 acres of land have actually been brought under irrigation Part C States 33 Ajmer --Against a total provision of Rs 11 lakhs in the Plan an expenditure of Rs 0 8 lakhs has been incurred The progress on the works is satisfactory 34 Himachal Pradesh-Out of a provision of Rs 80 lakhs in the Plan Rs five lakhs have been spent during the first two years 5000 acres of land have been brought under irrigation 35 Kutch-There is a provision of R 91 lakhs in the Plan thir Rs 30 lal hs have been spent during the first two years Satis factory progress is being maintained ·IRRIGATION AND POWER 63 4 STATE POWER PROJECTS Part A States 36 Assam --Electric power supply in Assam is at present confined to only a few important towns Assam ha however considerable water power resources which may be harne sed if there is available load A small hydro scheme on the Umtru river at a site about 20 miles from Gauhatı has been included in the Plan Not much work has however yet been done on this scheme the original estimate of Rs 85 lakhs is being revised to Rs 158 lakhs 37 Bihar --Against a total provision of Rs 709 lakhs in the Plan, Rs 2 12 lakhs have been spent during 1951-53 A number of small electrification schemes for local power supply are under execution Aga nst a target of 4 000 kW of installed capacity by 1952-53 only about 2 000 kW have been commissioned so far The most important development in this area is the electrical development under the Damodar Valley Project (see under Multı purpose projects) It is also of interest to add that in this highly industrialised area the aggregate installed generating capacity belonging to industrial undertakings is over 200 000 kW as aga nst less than 50 000 kW belonging to public utilities 38 Bombay-A sum of Rs 563 laths has been spent during 1951— 53 out of a total provision in the Plan of Rs 10 43 lakhs 21 000 kW of installed capacity have been added mainly in the South Gujerat grid by 1952 53 as anticipated in the Plan. Work on the extension of three 18 000 kW units at the Kalyan steam power station is nearing completion Additional developments that may be mentioned in connection with the Bombay State are (1) the erection of three 15 000 kW sets by the Ahmedabad Electricity Co Ltd on which good progress is being made (2) 24 000 kW of thermal power have been added by the Central Balways to the Kalyan steam poter status and (3) The Tatas have added 22 000 kW of hydro power to their existing hydro installations In addition preliminary works have been undertaken at the new Trombay power station designed to add 100 000 kW by about 1956 An important development in the Bombay State is the setting up of diesel nursery schemes in rural Power has been made available to 31 villages under scheme ·PROGRESS REPORT 1951 53 30 Rajasthan --During the first two years of the Plan an expendi ture of Rs 119 lakhs has been incurred against a total provision of Rs 504 lakhs in the Plan Progress has not been satisfactory on some of the schemes About 50 per cent of the work on the Jayal project has been completed Steps have been taken to strengthen the organisation An area of 5000 acres has been brought under irrigation against a target of 73 000 acres for 1952 53 31 Saurashtrs - An expenditure of Rs 1 86 lakhs has been incurred dumng the first ti o years of the Plan against a total provision of Rs 475 lakhs Good progress is being maintained on most of the schemes The Sura; vadi and Rangola schemes have been completed Bhimdad Sasho and Brahmani schemes are nearing completion. Work on the Brahmanı irrigation scheme has been accelerated and the dam which was expected to be completed by 1953 54 will now be ready by June 1953 11 000 acres of land have actually been brought under irrigation against 20 000 acres envisaged in the Plan 32 Travancore-Cochin --There is a provision of Rs 478 lakhs in the Plan of this Rs 178 lakhs have been spent during the first two years Almost all the schemes are behind chedule The Perinchan scheme is nearing complet on The Peech and Chalakudy schemes vere scheduled to be completed in 1932 53 but due to major deviation, and changes in design found necessary in the course of execution it has not been possible to complete the schemes in 1952-53 The scheme are expected to be completed in 1953 54 about 50 per cent of the work has been complete The total cost of the Neyyar Irrigation Scheme has been revised from Rs 1 20 lakhs (in the Plan) to Rs 221 lakhs Work on the excavation of the foundations of the dam has been commenced Excavation in the first 3 miles of the canal system is in progress About 20 000 acres of land have actually been brought under trrigation Part C States 33 Amme-Against a total pro vision of Rs 11 lakhs in the Plan an expenditure of Rs 0 8 lakhs has been incurred The progress on the works is satisfactory 34 Himachal Pradesh Out of a prova son of Rs 80 lakhs in the Plan R five lakhs have been spent during the first two vears $ 000 acres of land have been brought under litigation 35 Kutch --There is a provision of R, 91 lakhs in the Plan O this Rs 30 lat ks have been spent during the first two years Satis factory progress is being maintained ·05 IRRIGATION AND POWER The principal project in this area is the Bhakra Nangal described under Multi purpose projects The Nangal Delhi Uhl power system will form an inter connected power Grid under which 20 000 kW will be supplied to Delhi initially rising to 40 000 kW ultimately It is also proposed to export power to Uttar Pradesh from this Grid 43 Uttar Pradesh-A sum of Rs 545 lakhs has been spent in the two years 1951-53 out of a total sum of Rs 14 10 lakhs provided in the Plan The progress on the power schemes has been generally according to Plan Against a target of 26 000 kW of installed capacity in the first two years 16 000 kW have been installed the 15 000 kW new unit at Kanpur is expected to be commissioned by the end of 1953 The Mohammedpur power station on the Ganga canal has already been commissioned About 50 cent of the work on the Pathri power station and on the Sarda hydro-electric scheme has been completed The Sarda hydel scheme will serve the districts of central Uttar Pradesh 44 West Bengal -A sum of Rs 57 lakhs has been spent in the period 1951–53 out of a total provision in the Plan of Rs 76 lakhs The schemes included in the Plan are small power schemes for supply to rural areas and small towns Good progres has been made It may also be mentioned here that the Calcutta Electric Supply Corporation has during the year 1950-51 added 170 000 kW of additional capacity to its power station serving the Calcutta area It is expected that this capacity will be fully utili ed by 1956 Some progress has been made in supplying electricity to rural areas north of Calcutta Part B States 45 Hyderabad --An expenditure of Rs 133 lakhs has been incur red during the two years 1951-53 out of a total of Rs 321 lakhs provided in the Plan Satisfactory progress has been made on the Nizamsagar hydro electric scheme and the Ramagundam thermal station The Central Water & Power Commission have made a study of the power projects in the State with a view to rationalise the power developments in the State 46 Jammu and Kashmir -The cost of civil works connected with the Sindh hydro-electric scheme is provided under irrigation works The expenditure on power scheme for the years 1951-53 is reported to be only Rs 15 lakhs About half of the work on the Sindh hydel scheme has been completed ·PROGRESS REPORT 1951 53 A transmission I ne to deliver power from the Jogindernagar scheme in Punjab (I) to Jammu is under construction 47 Madhya Bharat -A sum of Rs 143 lakhs has been spent in the period 1951-53 out of total provision of Rs 228 lakhs in the Fre Year Plan 3000 kW of additional power has already been installed against 4000 kW anticipated 48 Mysore --An expenditure of Rs $06 Jahhs has been incurred in the two years 1951.-53 out of a total provision of Rs 1 268 lakhs in the Five Year Plas 72 000 kW of additional power plant have been installed at the Jog power house thereby completing the entire scheme of 120 000 kk No progress has been made on the Shimsha extension scheme Mysore is supplying small blocks of power both to Bombay and Madras 49 PEPSU “A sum of Rs 13 lakhs has been spent during 1951.-53 out of a total of Rs 30 lakhs provided in the Plan Power from the Bhakra Nangal Project will be distributed in this State 50 Rajasthan -An expenditure of Rs 52 lakhs has been incurred during 1951-53 against Rs 41 lakhs provided in the Plan for the Fue Year period The schemes included in the Plan are for extensions to existing power station at Jaipur Bikaner and Jodhpur and a new power station at Jaipur at a different site Out of the 11 000 kW of installed capacity anticipated by 1952 53 about 9 000 ATV has already been installed It appears that the original estimates of cost will have to be revised 51 Saurashtra A sum of Rs 20 lakhs has been spent during the period 1951.-53 against a provision in the Plan of Rs 213 lakhs 52 Travancore Cochin -An expenditure of Rs 490 lakhs ha» been incurred the period 1951-53 out of a total of Rs 1035 lakhs included in the Five Year Plan The extension of the Pallivasal hydro station of 9000 kW capa att has been completed The first of the four unit of 12000 kW at the Sengulam hydro-slectric scheme will be commissioned by the middle of 1953 Good progress has also been made at the Porin galkuthu hydroelectric project The State has ample water power resources

·IRRIGATION AND POWER
G7
Part C States
33 An expenditure of Rs 26 lakhs has been incurred in the period
951-53 out of a total provision of Rs 169 lakhs The existing
steam power station at Bhopal has been extended by the installation
bf a 2 500 kW set

·68 PROGRESS REPORT 1951 53 STATEMENT REVIEW OF FIVE YEAR PLAN- (1951- Name of Scheme Progress of Expenditure Total Expen Five cost of diture Year projects up to Prov: in the the end son Plan of in the March Plan 1951 1951 52 1952 91 Revised Actual Budget MULTIPURPOSE PROJECTS In lakhs of Rupees Bhakra Nanga) 13290 2356 Harzke 7750 1226 1.14 1700 318 106 Damodar Vallcy Projects 1380 7498 60 108 250 1687 4170 1350 *350 1200 Hirakud Dam Additional proveston for the aboy projects 6259 628 4400 800 858 850 5 000 TOTAL 28427 4989 38 3636 3530 4000 ·IRRIGATION AND POWER 89 MULTI PURPOSE PROJECTS - 53) Area Irrigated (Additional) Power Installed 1953 54 1951 52 1952 53 1951 52 1952 53 Revised Budget As per Actual As per Actual As per Actual As per Actual Plan Plan Plan Plan In thousand Acres Io Kilowatt 1900 2215 19 19 IOI 101 250 ISO IS72 1463 26 S S4000 950 TIT2 4672 5000 19 19 127 106 S4000 ·70 STATEMENT 11 KEVIEW OF FIVE YEAR PLAN-STATE IRRIGATION PROJECTS (1951–53) Total cost of projects n the Plan Expcn d ture upto the Nam of State 1951 52 rie Progress of Expenditute Arca Irr gated (Addit onal) Year Pro- V son 1952 53 1953 54 1951 52 1952 53 n the Plan) Revised Actual Budget Rev sed Budget As per Actual As per Actual Plan Plan end of March 1951 3 2 4 S 6 7 8 12 9 IO II 13 Part 1 States- In Jalhs of Rupecs In thousand acres PROGRESS REPORT 1951 53 200 200 IZ Assam 4 42 76 19 68 30 125 973 Bih 1414 238 168 234 233 33 180 NA 77 146 565 Bombayl 2269 70 32 233 274 227 469 16 I 2 369 Madhya Pradesh 14 308 10 10 50 13 45 S 5 10 1. Madras 4968 1561 3408 809 869 936 963 613 42 7 Orissa 402 TO2 300 49 72 91 70 60 124 126 263 182 432 106 326 121 69 113 119 108 97 223 176 238 Punjab Uttar Pradesh We + Bengal 4944 52 1911 256 217 390 444 464 123 285 528 $85 1941 403 1538 315 190 412 399 417 173 100 360 3 03 1840 2500 25to 2485 601 759 1605 1238 ·Part B States Hyderabad 3 46 876 479 452 400 482 440 477 31 1 3I1 19 340 25 49 30 57 83 2 NA 8 NA Jammu and Kashmi Madhya Bharat 339 11 328 32 29 31 31 50 4 19 7 Mysore 2709 245 716 61 88 7 119 140 S 7 8 PEPSU 36 2 34 3 IS 6 15 1071 163 504 68 56 75 63 340 11 2 73 Rajasthan Saurashtra ΙΙΟ2 92 475 60 54 91 132 153 2 20 11 Travancore Coch n 610 132 478 TOO 86 84 9 90 10 O TOTAL PART B STATES 9604 1540 5354 8or 762 886 9.40 IISO 26 21 158 67 IRRIGATION AND POWER Dart C States 11 II I 1 Ajmer Himachal Pradesh 80 80 13 s 33 S Kutch 91 9 4 32 26 0 33 TOTAL PART C STATES 182 182 3 45 32 67 5 GRAND TOTAL OF PARTS A B AND C STATCS IRRIGATION 27 021 4657 16 769 837 2 606 3 431 3 482 3 702 627 780 I 763 1 310 71 ·iz STATEMENT III Reviy op rive YEAR PLAN-STATE POWER PROJECTS (1951-53) Installed capac ty Add tons to cu sting Plants and/or new Plants Name of Statc Total Expen Tse Progress f Expend ture cost of d ture Y ar projects to end of Prov n the March s on 1951 s 1952 53 PI n 1951 Rev seu Actual Budg Res sed Plan 1953 14 195! 52 Bu get As per Actual Plan 195 53 Asr Actual I lan In th souand illowatts In lakhs of Rupees Part A Siates- PROGRESS REPORT 1951-53 Assam 85 83 19 19 55 I 120 Bhar 82 64 1 95 141 4 709 I 130 158 I 1 1412 396 Bombay 2 2,6 1043 253 310 342 2 415 185 138.4 SI 763 600 186 Vadhya Pradesh 148 110 24 140 0 SI Madras 7773 1805 58 5024 725 807 800 58 999 97 7 7 Or $12 874 133 391 65 59 80 4 124 7 4 4 Punjab 59 38 18 6 0 12 TO Uttar Pradesh 2930 16 699 1410 228 6 269 358 319 444 7 7 West Bengal 133 37 76 > s 33 3 I 15770 3940 TOTAL PART A STATES 1639 160 9374 2 50 12 1806 45 767 41 152 ·I art R States- 581 260 58 321 57 96 79 83 Hyderabad Jammu and Kashms 186 75 18 6 12 9 24 4 + 274 Madhya Bharat 99 46 3 35 690 1268 72 191 215 191 2027 150 30 Mysore 200 8 PCPSU 30 13 NA 11 9 $3 41 15 3> Rasthan 12 40 13 262 Suresht a 213 30 SO Travancore C ch n 1770 735 1035 ZI 2T 3 06 277 268 84 TOTAL PART D STATES 5353 1743 3211 587 547 763 TOC 730 68 12 7 TRRIGATIOY AID POWER Par C Stat 28 28 5 12 Bhopal Coors 35 35 12 Kutch 23 23 IT IT 9 7 6 4 Tinura V ndhya Pradesh H machal l radesh 51 51 8 7 13 13 2 Manipur 12 12 STAL D'ART C STATES 169 169 34 6 57 3 LAND TOTAL 212 92 56 83 127 54 22 26 21 90 30 47 562 29 51 57 239 61 713 ·PROGRESS REPORT 1951 53 STATEMENT INSTALLED CAPACITY (As on 1st January Steam Hydro Name of Stats 1950 1951 1952 1953 1950 1951 1952 1953 Part A States 200 200 200 Assam 550 500 $50 Bihar Bombay -45 126 245 1 6 253 114 29 110 38,410 39 510 112 657 128 017 143 037 1 73 21 338 45 356 $7 750 6750 5 750 Madhya Pradesh Madras 96 150 96 150 101 950 Orissa 776 776 776 5 S n Punjab 1 850 I 850 49 750 49 750 49 750 Uttar Pradesh 145 325 151 090 161 090 22 700 22 700 26 220 West Bengal 412 826 416,251 59 901 2760 2 760 2760 17 30 17 250 2 250 Part B States Hyderabad Jammu & Kashmir Madhya Bharat Alysore 1 500 1 500 4 328 4 328 4 514 I 500 8,459 8709 8 709 107 200 107 200 107.00 PEPSU $26 $26 56 240 2.40 240 Rajasthan 10 735 13765 17,265 Saurashtra 2 600 10 600 10 600 Travancose and Cachin 30 100 30 100 36 100 Part C States (incluing Delha) 31,402 31,402 36 52 20 376 376 TOTAL 852 639 8004,434 I TOS 022 1 172 367 559 079 559,285 576 779 715,234 Statewise distribution not available for 1953 ·IRRIGATION AND POWER 5 IV (PUBLIC UTILITIES) of each year) Diesel Total 1950 1951 1952 1953 1950 1951 1952 1953 1 749 2 612 593 2,849 3 362 3 343 S478 6 568 7,486 34 588 44 978 46 996 35 560 43 04. 44 962 393 343 416 185 441 113 5880 6 506 6 783 27 153 27 844 S2 139 6 017 9 12S II 393 159 917 168 025 189 093 3,241 3 835 4 064 4 022 4616 4845 8 772 9 777 12 317 58 522 61 377 63 917 ܐܘܚܕ9 TO OST 12 586 177 26 783 841 199 896 1982 13,283 3 513 417 568 52 294 546 174 3 367 3 823 3984 20 617 21 073 26 234 265 465 465 6 093 6293 6,479 4 929 4 979 7 903 13 638 13 688 16 362 107 200 107 200 107 200 5 36. 5 974 61 8 6 130 6 896 6 740 8 749 IO 355 10 663 24 120 19 484 27 $28 8 813 II 801 11,293 II 413 21 893 22 of 4,486 4 500 4 686 34 586 34 600 34 786 12 62 13 542 43 25 44,400 1J 603 50 870 748 96 125 468 164 871 169 963 1 537 186 1 712 515 1 846 672 2057 564 ·CHAPTER V INDUSTRY GENERAL BACKGROUND THE INDUSTRIAL economy of India has been subjected to external influences of opposite kinds during the last two years Wherea in 1951 and part of 1952 prices rose abnormally under the influence of the Korean War and the stockpiling and re armament programmes in different countries the subsequent period witnessed a slackening of external demand To offset the evil effects of the pressure of external demand on domestic prices and availabilities Government took the necessary financial and fiscal measures Export duties were raised in respect of jute and cotton manufactures oils etc The prices of certa n commodities were fixed under the Essential Supplies (Temporary Powers) Act 1946 and the Supply and prices of Goods Act 1950 Scarce materials were further distributed to consumers on a quota basis Pooling arrangements also helped in bringing down the prices of imports Similarly in the later period when the impact of the inflationary forces lessened and trends in the direction of slackness of external demand and accumulation of stocks in certain industries became apparent export duties were reduced and controls relaxed to meet the requirements of the changed conditions Import policy and tariffs were also under constant review and broadly speaking assisted indigenous industries in several ways INDUSTRIES (DEVELOPMENT AND REGULATION) ACT 1951--PLANNING AND REGULATION OF INDUSTRY 2 The Licensing Committee set up under the Industries (Develop ment and Regulation) Act 1951 has provided a useful instrument for regulating the development of industries in conformity with the objectives and priorities for industrial development outlined in the Plan Two important decisions of the Committee may be mentioned in this connection viz refusal of permissions to establish new capacity for weaving of textiles and grant of sanction for shifting sugar factories to more favourable locations 3 The Plan attached considerable value to the role of Development Councils in achieving improvements in scheduled industries in respect of productivity quality of service management etc The constitution of tuo Councils—one for heavy chemicals (acid) and fertilisers and the other for internal combustion engines--h. been finalised and these are expected to begin functioning in the near future TC ·INDUSTRY 4 For ensuring a better regulation of industrial development and enabling the State to act with promptitude under certain conditions of emergency Government have introduced in Parliament during the current session a bill to amend the Industries (Development and Regulation) Act The amendments provide for the addition of a few more industries to the schedule and for extending the licensing provisions to cover cases involving the manufacture of new products though no financial investment might be involved The amended Act will also help in controlling developments antagonistic to the evpansion of cottage industries in fields such as the vegetable oil and leather industries by bringing within the scope of the licensing procedure factories with inve tments of less than rupees one lakh PROGRES... IN RESEARCH AND IN ANCILLARY FIELDS 5 The Planning Commission had suggested the desirability of facilitating certain developments in the industrial field For example it had recommended inter alia that (a) by product of industries should be ut lised (b) that the possibilities of utilising alternative raw materials (gypsum and/or pyrites) in the manu facture of sulphuric acid should be explored (c) that surveys should be undertaken for facıl tating the establishment of new soda ash plants and the manufacture of newsprint from the H malayan firs and (d) that research should be carried out for developing new processes and new products These and other recommendations have been under review and appropriate action is being taken as called for For example the Sindrı Fertiliser Factory has agreed to make available the calcium carbonate sludge produced in ammonium sulphate manufacture to the Associated Cement Company Ltd (ACC) so that a cement factory can be established based on this by product Utilisation of waste products and by products has been extended in the paper industry with the installation by the Rohtas Industries Ltd of a bagasse pulp plant with a daily capacity of 20 tons based on the Pomilio process Expansion of power alcohol production in the e two years has increased the consumption of another by product of he sugar indu try molasses Permission has been given to ACC Ltd to manufacture cement at Chaibassa making use of blast furnace slag Steps are being taken by Indian Rare Earths Ltd to put up a recovery plant at Bombay for recovery of uranium compounds from the residues of their factory in Tranvancore Permission has been given to recover vegetable oils from oil-cakes by solvent extraction processes and if the licences given far materialise capacity for proçe sing 380 tons of by product oil per day will come into existence As regards the use of native raw materials in the manufacture of sulphuric acid a SO ·78 PROGRESS REPORT 1951 53 has been given to Shree Rama Chemicals to establish a 35 ton a day gypsum sulphuric acid plant The question of introducing the use of pyrites as a raw material is also receiving attention 6 As regards scientific research in relation to industrial develop ment the national laboratories and other agencies public and private have taken up investigations on diverse problems Some of the important item. on which research was concentrated in these two years were (1) Manufacture of di calcium phosphate and Kotka pho phate (u) Processes for reducing the consumption of sulphur in sugar manufacture Work on this question was taken up at the Shri Ram Institute for Industrial Research Delht the Indian Institute of Sugar Technology Kanpur and by Prof DN Ghosh of Patna who developed an electric process for clarification of sugarcane juice (111) Posibilities of using bagasse pulp in blends with other pulps and independently in the paper industry (iv) Production of gelatine from bones nicotine from tobacco waste tobacco seed oil as a paint vehicle synthetic rice from carbohydrates present in tubers etc (v) Manufacture of mineral wool fibre insulation material from factory wastes like press mud of sugar factories slags etc bakelite type moulding powders from waste from emuents of FACT Ltd organdie cloth and air drying paint and varnish from bhilawan The research centres of the various commodity committees act vely pursuing problems associated with commercial crops like tobacco cotton jute and tea etc as well as food crops like rice and potato were of 7 A nek te earch institute was establi hed in the private sector by Imperial Chemical Industries (India) Ltd The completion of the construction of the Central Leather Research Institute Electro- Chemical Research Institute and the Road Research Institute the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research also belongs to this period A nek research institute which is being set up at a cost of Rs 50 lakhs at Bhadruk in Uttar Pradesh by the Central Sugarcane Committee will give further impetus to research into the problems of this important agricultural industry ·INDUSTRY -9 PROGRESS IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR additional capacity achieved 8 The progress achieved by 42 industries during the first 18 months of the period of the Plan in regard to increases in installed capacity was reviewed in detail in the volume on Programmes of Industrial Developments 1951 56 published recently Broadly speaking it may be stated that several of the industrial units which were under construction in early 1951 have gone into production during the period under review They contributed their quota to the increase in production achieved in different fields The developments in a feu industries are briefly outlined below in amplification of the figures given in Appendix I Cement 9 The additional capacity in the cement industry is accounted for by the new factory of ACC at Sevalia (200 000 tons annual capacity) the expansion and modernisation of its factories at Bhupendra Dwaraka and Lakher and of the unit at Rajganjpur managed by the Dalmia Cement Co Further expansion by about 300 000 tons per annum will result soon from the expansion of the Shahabad factory the new factory at Sawai Madhopur and the extension of the Digvijay Cement Co at Seeka Heavy chemicals fertiliser and pharmaceuticals 10 Considerable expansion of the capicity of the caus ic soda industrv has taken place under the stimulus of favourable prices Two of the producers in existence (the DCM Chemical Work and the Mettur Chemical and Industrial Corporation) expanded their capacity A new un t operating mercury cells was brought anto production by the Travancore Cochin Chemicals New units for sulphuric acid numbering seven (additional total capacity 46 850 lons) for superphosphate (additional capacity 34 100 tons) for sulpha drugs and sulphur black and azo dyes (annual capacity 781 840 16 and 2 839 mill on lbs respectively) have also been completed Capacity for the production of 500 tons of benzene hexachloride per annum an important insecticide has also been established Cotton tertules 11 During the period of the Plan ended 1st January 1953 29 new mills with an aggregate capacity of about 183 500 spindles went into Production Five of these mills are also equipped to produce cloth and the number of looms installed came to 1,382 The production rf yam by these neu mills was 10 3 million lbs during the n April 1952- February 1953 This represented an increase of a ? 6 million lbs over the output in 1931 52 w ·30 PROGRESS REPORT 1951 53 Engineering industries 12 Several medium scale units in the engineering group of industries were completed and new products as well as new ranges of production by existing factories developed New items like domestic refrigerators house service watt meters industrial boilers automatic looms high rating transformers and motors have been added to the list of domestic products Substantial increases in capacity have been recorded in re pect of bicycles and woodscrews. Major projects under implementation 13 Important projects falling in this category are the expan 100 of their iron and steel capacity bv IISCO-SCOB and TISCO espan sion of aluminium production by the existing units of soda ash by Tata Chemicals and the Dhrangadhra Chemical Company, of paper staple fibre and vegetable oils by a number of firms and the estab lishment of petroleum refineries The main difficulty in the way of iron and steel expansion v2 finance has at long last been ettled In regard to the petroleum refineries ancillary develop ments like port and road and rail transport facilities provi ion of water and electricity have been taken in hand and clo e coordination is being maintained The major schemes which are expected to be completed in 1953-04 are given in Appendix III the PROGRESS IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR 14 Of the industrial undertakings of the Central Government (vrde Appendix II) the Sindrı Fertiliser Factory the Chittaranjan Locamotre Factorv Indian Telephone Industries Indian Rare Earths Id the Nen Mint Alipur and the Machine Tool Prototype Factory Ambernath (defence industry) have gone into production during the period 1951-53 Similarly the UP Government Precision Instruments Factory has begun the manufacture of water meters and microscopes As regards the Mysore Iron and Steel Works schemnes under implementation at the commencement of the period of the Plan have nearly been completed while trials on standardisation of operation of one electric pig iron unit are in progress nou another unit has been in production since October 1952 and turned out about 12 000 tons of pic iron The extension of the cement plant of the factory is nearly complete The acetic acid plant for direct recovery of glacial acetic acid from pyroligneous acid the by product of the wood distillation plant has been installed it has so far produced only technical grade acd due to some operational difficulties is expected to turn out the glacial acetic acid in a short time has been found that further expansion of the works visualised earlier might not lead to economic production of different products of mild steel owing to a somewhat steep upward revision It It on the lines ·INDUSTRY 81 of the capital co ts A different manufacturing programme calculated to keep capital expenditure within the limits set out in the Plan and to increase the profitability of the Works is now under examination, 15 The contribution to industrial production made by the new State enterprises which went into production during this period is indicated below 1951 52 1952 53 (21 628 21 000 27 000 11 000 (1) Indian Telephone Industries Telephones (NO) Exchange lines (no) (2) Sindri Fertiliser I actory Ammonium sulphate (Tons) (3) Chittaranjan Locomotise I actory Locomotives (NO) (4) U P Provision Instruments Factory Water meters (NO) 34 799 230 000 17 36 2 TOO 16 Production in the National In truments Factory which came into existence in 1830 has been rising steadily and it has produced during 1952 53 articles worth about Rs 20 lakhs as against Rs 12 lakhs during the previous year Under the Plan of re-orga Disation of the factory the foundation stone of a new building was lad on the 22nd February 1953 17 As regard other projects in the public sector the Machine Tool Factory has progressed sufficiently to begin the assembly of machine tools in 1953 54 while the Nepa factory of the Madhya Pradesh Government is expected to begin the production of newsprint using mixtures of indigenous and imported pulps Construction of the dry core cable factory i expected to be completed in 1953 4 In order to make the Sindri Fertiliser Factory independent of upplies of coke from outside sources orders have been placed for the equipment of a coke oven plant with Carl Still of Germany The cost of establishing this coke oven plant which is expected to go into product on in 1954 is estimated to be Rs 235 crores The first prelimi nary steps for the further expansion of Sindrı so as to produce alter native nitrogenous fertilisers (urea and/or ammonium nitrate) based on the by product gases of the coke ovens were taken early in 1953 with the aid of the TCA The report of the team of experts sent to yısıt the fertiliser plants in Japan the USA and Europe wall available soon and this it is expected will enable the Sindri r liser Factory to make further progress with the expansion 9 PC ·of india and M/S Basakha Singh Wallenborg Ltd as equal partners 82 PROGRESS REPORT 1951 53 18 This national enterpri e is follos ing a progressive price policy to facilitate a mo e intensive use of fertilizers in agriculture Tre initial price of Rs 350 per ton uhich was effective till the 31st Decem ber 19,2 has already been reduced by Rs 60 to Rs 290 per to? The entirc production of Sindri is contributed to the fertiliser pool administered by the Food and Agriculture Mint try It is interded that Sindrı should constitute its o vn Marketing Organı ation from the ist January 1934 19 The Hindustan Shipyard Ltd completed construction of three ship, during 1952 bringing the total number of ships o far built in the yard to ten The yard is now building two more vessels of similar tonnage and design The shipyard has in hand orders for five 7000 tonners and tv o 8000 tonners of Maierform design with diesel engines 20 The comissioning of the third berth at the Visakhapatnam shipyard construction of which has been completed will to some extent increase the capacity of the yard 21 As regards the penicillin and DDT factories the stage is now set for the commencement of the construction of the plants and it is expected that at the end of a vear they will be ready to commence manufacturing operations in the case of the former a bottling plant with an annual capacity of 15 million mega units has been in talled at the Hafline Institute shich is now packing penicilli imported in bulk from abroad 22 Progress of work on the cellulose acetate rayon plant of Sirsilk, Ld (Hyderabad State project) as held up in the last two years for vant of finance and by other factor An impetus has recently been given to this project by the association of private enterprise (Birla Brother) in future investment as well as management 23 The Government have decided to establish a factory to manu facture heavy electrical equipment in view of the fact that Hydro Electrie Schemes have made considerable readway and large wcale electrification of Railways to increase line capacity is also becoming a nécesity Firms of international standing prepared in princsple to participate financially will shortly be invited to drau detailed project report for the establi hment of the factory 24 To provide for the utilisation of the existing Hou ing Factory for the production of foam concrete roofing panels pre-stressed.com crete components rood work for buildings etc Flousing Factory Ltd has been incorporated with the Government the Hindustan ·85 is not regions so that industrial production & (2) Examination of the problem of differen fini hed products on the one hand 2.. INDUSTRY 25 The sphere of defence industries has been enlarged by the deck sion of the Government to establish a radar and wireless equipment factory at a cost of R 70 crores in collaboration with a Frenco firm. 26 Progress on the project for etting up a new iron cum-s.tel plant has been slov so far but the Report of the Technical Mis 102 in the hurds of the Government and it should be possible to take decisions and make an early beginning GENERAL PROGRESS N INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION 27 The review under this sect on covers both public and private sectors up to the end of December 1952 In Appendix I will be found a tabular statement of the additional p o uction envisaged by 1935 56 and the proge achieved in respect of 40 industries during 1951 52 and 1952 53 (April to December 1992) This statement torn that there v as an all round increa e in the production of diffe rat industrie in 1931 52 as compared with the previous year During the period April to December 1952 while the production of me important industries like cotton textiles cement iron and me paper and paper board ammonium sulphate sewing me" bicycles rayon and jute good salt and ball and roller beari. a few other items sho sed an appreciable improvemen CEW with the corresponding period of 1951 there was a fall in duction of certain other industries including alumin web die el engines machino toos looms hurricane lanternes storage batteries superpho phate sulphuric acid soda a h enamels leather glass wool en manufactures and ha * In some cases the fall in production is due to accumu! consequent on the large imports which were permite may the outbreak of the horean War modified to meet the changed situation Some of t which may have to be taken are (1) Re appraisal of effective demand in certain nerweg engines (11) Onentation of marketing organisation and aga sales development (111) Improsements in quality of goods and eat Pastore in pection arrangements for gaining is 1 consumers at home and abroad (1) A more balanced development of electri for want of power and intermediate products on the other Import polong ke + ·84 PROGRESS REPORT 1951 53 INDUSTRIAL FINANCE 28 In the First Five year Plan it has been estimated that the fixed capital investment on industrial development during the period of the Plan would be Rs 327 crores consisting of Rs 91 crores on projects in the public sector and Rs 233 crores on projects in the private sector The progres of industrial investment in the first two years which has been tentatively estimated at about Rs 60 crores falis considerably short of the rate of investment neces ary for achieving the targets of industrial development The principal factors which have slowed down investment in industry have been the Indian Aluminium Company and the Integral Coach Factory of as in previous years the heavy requirements of working capital arising from the rise in the cost of raw materials under the inflation ary conditions prevailing in 1951 and part of 1953 and the remark able expansion of production in the cotton textile and sugar industres without appreciable increase in offtake leading to accumula tion of stocks and financial difficulties Whereas difficulties in regard to delivery of plant and equipment and high prices impeded inve tment in the earlier part of the period later the anti inflation ary policies of the Government and the slowing down of stock piling programmes abroad presented new problems and created unfavourable estimate for investment in industry an 29 As against a figure of Rs 100 crores y sualısed in the Plan the contnbution of foreign capital in the field of industry has been Neglig ble so far With the finalisation of the programmes of the petroleum refineries of arrangements for the loan from the Interna tional Bank for financing a part of the requirements of expanding the iron and steel output by the Indian Iron and Steel Co and with foreign investments expected in major projects like the expansion of the Indian Aluminium Company and the Integral Coach Factory of the Railways an investment of about Rs 65 to 70 crores is ensured over the remaining period of the Plan Foreign participation and/or Assistance is also envisaged in certain other major schemes under consideration like the expansion of Sindri the power plant at Trombay and the iron and steel project in the public sector but it is not possible at this stage to indicate the quantum of such investment 30 The direct assistance rendered by the Central Government and the loans advanced by the Industrial Finance Corporation amounts to Rs 1 5 crores and Rs 3 35 crores respectively in 1951 52 In 1951 52 the SCOB drew an amount of Rs 50 lakhs only against the Rs 5 crore loan sanctioned in 1949 Neither TISCO nor SCOB drew any amount against this loan in 1952 53 though provision was made in the respect in the budget estimates The loans sanctioned industry wie ·INDUSTRY 80 by the Industrial Finance Corporation since the 1st July 1951 aro indicated below (Rs 19 lakhs) Year Year ended beginning 30-6-52 1752 Industry 6 o 19 O 30 S 43 75 SO 55 O 100 5 II 75 39 Textile machinery Mechanical engineering Electrical engineering Cotton textiles Woollen textiles Rayons Chemicals Cement Ceramics and glass Oil mills Electric power Metallurgical (non ferrous metals) Aluminium Sugar Irons and steel (light engineering) Mining Paper Automobiles and tractor Unclassified SS SO 3 S 25 O 95 O 80 17 S 71 0 22 O TOTAL 445 25 118 00 31 The loans sanctioned in the year ended 30th June 1952 were nearly double those sanctioned in the previous year (Rs 2 38 crores) and if this rate us maintained over the remaining part of the period of the Plan the total aid rendered would approximate to a figure of Rs 20 00 crores The revision of the limit on aid by the IFC to Rs 10 crores would facilitate substantial assistance being rendered to basic industries involving heavy capital investments The amend ment to the Industrial Finance Corporation Act passed by Parliament in 1952 will pave the way for the foreign exchange requirements of the industries being met from borrowings from the International Bank and for this purpose a loan of $6 0 million is in the final stages of negotiation This measure will increase the lending capacity of the Corporation 32 The loan assistance to industries from the Industrial Finance Corporation at the Centre will be supplemented by advances from imilar institutions being set up by some of the State Governments. The 1953 54 budgets of Punjab Bihar and Travancore Cochin provisions for the creation of State Industrial Finance ·At PROGRESS REPORT 1951 53 PEPLACETSETT FIN CE 33 It has been tentatively estimated that industries in the private sector might spend Rs 150 0 crores on replacement and modernisation of plant during the five year period The most importart Industries with cons derable arrears of replacements are the pute and textile industries The need for increasing their productivity through modernisation is very pressing since the products of these to industries occupy an important place in the foreign trade of the country and heen competit on may have to be faced in external market in years to come Industrialisation of the adjacent countrie! like Pakistan and Ceylon might lead to a shrinkage of demand for Indian products and call for assiduous cultivation of foreign markets The price factor will be a determinant in this connection The tailur of demand to respond in a significant manner to increases in produc tion of textiles and sugar in the recent past is a significartt pointer to the importance of reducing costs simultaneously with increases in production 34 The problem of finance for replacement and expansion has so far been solved only in regard to the iron and steel industry The problems of the cement industry are under examination by the Tari Comm ssion and the recommendations of the Working Party for the Cotton Textile Industry in this regard are under examination by the Government The general issues in regard to taxation which ha e a bearing on the problem have been referred to the Taxation Enquiry Committee The suggestions made by the Federation of Chambers of Commerce and Industry on the problem of replacement finance are present under examination by the Planning Comm rion in consultation with the Central Ministries ·APPENDIX PROGRESS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMATES Actual production duting Apnl to 1951-56 Progress during 1951 52 December Industries Add tional Additional Add tonal Add tonal 195- Unt capac ty produc on capac ty production S1 No Total capac ty in 1952 1951 Add tonal capacity . required to achieve the Target A Metallu gical- 1 Iron and Steel Ton 000 1 757 1 261 166 1 350 1 377 1 950 () P8 Iron (1) F n shed Steel (ma a Producers only) 2 Aluminium Ton 000 INDUSTRY 635 394 I 685 (by 1957 $8) Soo (by 1957 58) 55 807 835 IOSO Tons 16 000 8 323 228 2 886 2 523 4 000 16 000 B Mechanical Engineering- Nos DOO 36 46 to 52 9 14 29 18 43 7 Nos 000 33 44 4 Z S Z IO 29 Agr cultural Mach nery Pumps (Power dr ven centr fugal) (Desel eng nes 4 Automob les manufactu Ing only) 5 Railway Rol ng Stock- O Locomotives Nos 25 923 2 561 I 396 3 000 Nos 150 438(1) 14 NA 42 150 87 ·8 APPENDIX I conta PROGRESS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES Actual production during April 10 December SI No. Iadustrica Wait 1951-56 Progress during 1931 93 Additional Additonal Addiuonal Additional capacity productiog capacity production Total capacity in 1957 1951 1952 Additional capacity requi ed to achieve the Target Nos Nos 430 4380 (1) 30 000 (1) 194 I DOI NA NA. 430 550 4 120 850 6 000 Nos I 600 3499 2 164 3 600 3447 3 000 7 600 PROGRESS REPORT 1951 53 Nos Nos Nos 404 4 400 600 440 4 TOO 158 31 683 NA. 207 1 710 $7 206 I 20 600 396 6 600 3 000 (Couches () Wagons 6 Mach ne Tools (graded) 7 Textile Mach nery Card ng eng nes SE Spinnng nag frames (11) Looms pian, Icmi and automatic Ball and Bollers Rear nga B cycles 20 Sewing Mach nes It Hurricane Lanterns 12 Gr nd ng Wheels Llectrical Engineering 404 I 400 Nof 000 600 163 176 356 600 600 Nos 000 410 429 50 19 86 167 417 113 Nos 000 54 39 15 33 37 41 so 250 2 800 768 2982 - $95 4 410 90 Nos 000 Tops 480 519 to 569 40 IZI 236 286 C 500) 340 13 Dry Batteries 14 St rage Batteri 15 Elst c Cables de ACSR Cables Nos Milon No3 000 25 93 183 200 108 257 9 13 93 93 105 13 297 538 Tont 2500 40 2009 2 500 2 500 ·66 145 294 160 20 72 126 to 156 16 Electr c Faas Nos 000 26 6 12 16 Nos M thion 9 15 17 Electr c Lamps-GSL. lamps 120 00 100 107 54 3 21 HP 000 150 18 Electr c Motors 26 181 146 304 165 115 271 15 KVA 000 19 Electric T ansformer 58 153 227 SI 44 10 303 301 Nos 000 20 Rado Receivers 40 403 350 So 28 4 185 31 49 11 432 198 404 125 Tons 000 Tons 000 86 D Chemical and Allied 21 Fert lsen - (2) Ammon um sulphate (iv) Superphosphate 2 Heavy Chem cals - O Sulphur cac d S') Soda Ash (Caustic soda INDUSTRY 80 39 70 74 33 101 33 Tons 000 Tons 000 Tons 000 # NW 192 54 35 4 11 33 Drugs & Pharmaceut cals 500 70 Tons lbs 000 500 400 70 80 Rnene hexachloc de Ne frugs M *al cic 500 400 500 350 SC NA NA NA. Tons 48 NA 48 7 7 5 31 4. 1 $ 65 1 800 24 178 tu I 800 198 150 (2) NA 82 194 69 403(3) 87 13 228 500 250 68 ·OE Si APPENDIX Ioncld PROGRESS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES Actual poduction du ing ap Ito 1931-56 Pogress du ing 1951 52 Decembe Addətional Auditional Additional Addit onal 1957 1952 Capacity poduction capacity production Industries Unit Tatal capacity in 1952 Additional capacity equs ed to achieve 1hc Ta get IS NA 17 O 6 NA 37 NA 74 30 86 35 6 NA 5 Soap Tons 000 26 Tanning and Tooruess Pa rs ilson (footwear Only) 27 Paper and Paper Board (l'aper and paper board Tons 000 (0) Straw board and other Toss ooo boards 28 Cement Tons 000 29 Glass and Glasswart (Sheet glass Tons (*) Blowmiare and pressed Tons wars TOT NA 21 3 304 NA 148 NA 63 NA PROGRESS REPORT 1951 53 Ozó 108 596 2 386 2 794 3 845 I 461 * 450 40 500 36 250 (-)1 500 6 500 380 3 600 4.758 NA 10 200 NA 20 150 ST 400 to 56 400 IS 800 A L Liquid Fuels 30 Power Alcohol Gab Muan 13 2 13 8 F Tex les 32 Cotton Tarn (1) Cloth (m I made) (iu) Cloth Chand loom) 3% Suic Manufactures 33 Rayoa filamcat 34 Woollen Manufactures 13 19 154 416 1697 4.78 Ibu mu on Yds M H on Ydt Millon Ton 000 Ibu Mlhon lại 978 3 057 600 681 25 1 NA NA 461 982 890 308 17 7 000 1 111 356 750* 733 6 1. 616 NX 6 1 200 10 20 8 - 138 13 275 1 ·-- NA NA NA timber NA NA N.A 3 000 6 200 35 Match Gross Boxes 000 56 45 171 9 to 19 23 21 Sq ft M llion 41 to 51 SS 36 Plywood tea chest NA NA Hood- 2 066 327 NA 426 NA 150 Tons 000 37 Salt 10 602 836 1 540 531 Tons 000 IO 384 NA NA NA NA NA NA 181 NA Tons 000 38 Sugar 39 Vegetable Ols 40 Vanaspat 339 50 14 I 9 6 23 147 Tons 000 56 INDUSTRY Est mated. (1) These figures nd cate the total estimated product on dur ng the five year per od 1951 56 (2) Targets have been prov s onally rev sed n thel ght of recent developments (3) The capac ty of two new un ts s capable of be ng worked for an add tonal capacity of bout 97 000 gallons per annum NA -Not ava lable 16 ·02 PROGRESS REPORT 1951 53 APPENDIX PROCNESS OF INVESTMENT ON INDUSTRIAL Projects 1951 52 1952 53 1953 54 1991-56 Actual Revised Budget Total 3.55 O 4 DO 4 68 o 2 08 33 00 82 00 I 30 33 00 800 1 Ceniral Government I Pig Iron Project 10 00 IO 30 000 2 Hindustan Shipyard Lid. 2 32 03 3 28 56(2) 2 32 0(3) 1408 3 Machine Tool Factory Jalahalli 2 28 I 1900 1,43 SO 963 о Sindri Fertiliser lactory 274 62 903 0 Ś Chittaranjan Locomotive Xactory 2 36 00 1 10 00 9 00 6 Rastoay Coach factory 74 00 130 00 7 Perucutlun Factory Pumpri 22 50 6400 207 O 8 Nauonal Instruments Factory Calcutra 6 66 ID 00 39 00 I 8. O 9 Indian Teicphone Indust Tics 65 00 1300 10 Hindustan Cables Ltd Rupaarampur 70 00 1,29 7 II Developinent of Mands Muzes 2 25 100 o 1. De clopracat of Existing Salt osks 4 42 500 13 Rare Earth Factory 30 00 10 00 400 (6) 14 DDT Factory Delhi IO 745 39 I (7) 15 Housing Factory Diha 12 g 35 2 os 19 5 16 Heavy Electrical Power Plant 10 DO 7000 17 New Mint Alipore (8) 18 11 13 DI 12 22 NOTES (a) Industrial schemes and projects under the Defence Ministry Ratar and Wirless Equipment Project are not considered here (b) Pro (1) Recoveries by sale of ships built at Vizag were of the order of its 88 00 Ikhs in 19515 R 296 56 lakhs in 1952 53 they are not deducted from the total Investments {") This includes a loan ot As 28 lakhs for the purcha e ol Vizag built wh ps and a subsidy of the 110 08 lakhs (3) This includes a luan of Rs 5? lakhs for the purchase of Vizag built sh ps and a subsidy of Rs 80 lakhs () Tavestment upto 1950-51 was of the order of R$ 11 18 0 lakhs And nor Rs 1012 0 as indicated in the Report (5) Including Rs 57 0 lakhs from WHO and UNICEF (0) Excluding an investment of Rs 50 lakhs in 1950 31 (7) including 350 000 dollars tromi WHO and UNICEF (8) Excluding the Charges in England (Stores) amounting to Is 11 33 Jakhs la 1937 53 30 21 lakhs in 1933-34 ·INDUSTRY 93 II PROJECTS IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR (Rs Lakhs) Pro ects 1951 52 1952 53 1953 54 1951-56 Actual Revised Budget Total I Central Government-contd 18 Silver Refinery Aliporc (8) 19 Nasil Printing Press 20 Manufacture of Stamp Cancelling and Printing In 21 Photogravure Project 0 26 6 82 8 30 80 46 8 7 94 7 85 I 02 3 2 od o 50 2 69 58 4 O 8 99 ar 80I 37 838 65 88 89 S 40 08 80 00(9) 10000 2 83 o 43 14 73 68 1,25 00 2 30 5 TOTAL I State Gorenmeni 1 Vysore Iron and Steel Works 2 U P Government Ce ment Factory 3 UP Precision Instru ments Factory 4 NEPA Mills 5 Sirsill Ltd (10) 6 Sirpur Paper Mills (10) 7 Bihar Government Su perphosphate Factory 8 Other projects (11) TOTAL 6 29 IO 13 50 33 65 57 NA 7 49 130 00 47 00 51 43 NA 50 2 2 00 O 200 O foo NA 26 15 40 00 138 4 23 09 25 00 41 1 300 32 00 263 09 306 49 420 64 10 94 8 GRAND TOTAL II 62 TO II 07 86 12 59 29 99 84 3 Including the Hindustan Aircraft Ltd Machine Tool Prototype Factory and recs Yos 4 5 9 13 17 19 and 21 went into production during 1951 52 (9) Ot whı h investment of Rs 40 0 lakhs has not been finally decided upon (10) The projects are to be associated with the private enterprise (Bırla Brothers) shortly (11) Including the Travancore Cochins Ceramic and Porcelain Factory and the Mysore States proj cts including Procelain Factory Soap Factory Silk Weaving Factory Implements Factory Electric Factory Electric Meters Project Fruit Canning and hankanhalli Silk Fılature Project NA-Not available ·PROGRESS REPORT 1951 53 APPENDIX III MAJOR INDUSTRIAL PROJECTS IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR EXPECTED TO EB COMPLETED IN 1953 54 I New Projects Annual Capacity 8 000 tons I Ballarpur Paper and Strax board Mills Ltd 165 000 tons 10 500 tons 2 Cement Factory at Sawai Madhopur * Jaipur 3 Hindustar Pilkington Glass Torks Asansol Bongal (sheet glass manufacture) 4 Gwalior Rayon Silk Vanufacturing (Weav ing) Co Ltd Nagda 28 000 bales of staple fibre II Expansion Schemes s Purst stage expansion of SCOB-ISCO Additional 120 000 tons of finished steel 6 Expansson of Aluminium Corporation of Additional 5003 tons of India alumissum ingots 7 Expansion of Indian Aluminium Cos Additional 2 500 tons of smetter at Alway and Rolling Alills at aluminium ingots at Blur Always 8 Expansion of Cement Factories at Shaha Additional 300 000 tons bad and Bhupendra 9 Erpansion of Shree Dagvijay Cement Co Additional 100 000 tons Saurashtra 10 Aauonal Carbon Co of India (expansion 29 million dry cells of their factory at Calcutta and a new unist at Miadras) 11 Expansion of Shree Gopal Paper Mills Additional 9 500 tons of paper 12 Expansion of Allah and Cherrucal Corpo Additional 500 tons of ration of India caustic soda Tactory is ready to go into production ·INDUSTRY 2 SHALL-SCALE AND COTTAGE INDUSTPIES As pointed out in the Five Year Plan the des elopment of small scale industries has to be based on the exploitation of local re ources bear centres of production of primary ras materials and on the establishment of unit ancillary to large-scale undertakings Depend tag on local conditions the attention of different State Governments Aas concentrated on examining the possibilitie of developing differ ent industries in their own territories For example the UP Government have taken steps to establish factorie for fruit preser vation run on co-operative lines at Lucknow and Ramgarh taking advantage of the large quantities of surplu fruit at these places They have al a finalised a scheme for the manufacture of drugs from he medicinal herbs found in abundance in the forests of the {imalayan districts The Governments of Bombay and Saura htra have made a beginning with the introduction of small scale spinning units of the Garbo and Tokubo types as well as the small scale sp nning units evolved by Shri Kale in the heart of the cotton growing areas 2 The process of helping small scale industries already in existence to overcome current difficulties is no le s important than the creation of new lines of activity One industry which has been severely but in this period is the cor industry of Travancore-Cochina The decline in foreign demand for coir manufacture, creat d distress and uremployment in this industry with a view to stimulating local demand and popularising coir products abroad through improvements in techniques and proces es market research and other suitable measures it is proposed to establish a statutory board for the cour industry 3 This period ha al o brought to the fore front the importarce of coordinating the production programmes of large cale mall scale and cottage establishments engaged in the same field of production The absence of such coordination has resulted in the distress of the more vulnerable section of some industries for instance the handloom section of the textile indu try and khandsan in the case of the sugar industry It is expected that the action recently initiated will redress the balance and enable all sectors of these major industries to achieve the target assigned to them in the Five Year Plan The principle measures taken so far are as under (1) As recommended by the Planning Commission an All India Khadı & Village Industrie Board was constituten on 14th January 1953 which will be responsible fo: preparing and organi ing programmes for the develop ment of Khadi and Village Industries including training of personnel the manufacture and uppla ·PROGRESS REPORT 1951 53 equipment the supply of raw materals and marketing and research The Board has met tusse Since its inception and has set up three sub-committees to work out plans for training research and common production programines (12) An All Indra Handicrafts Board was constituted on the 5th November 1952 to advise Government generally on the problems relating to handicrafts and in particular lo improve and develop production and promote sales in India and abroad The Handicrafts Board has held two meetings and has taken up pottery and mat weaving for immediate development in the first instance The Board also organised an exhibition at Delhi of the bet samples of these two industries () Provision of finance for the development of handloom and khadi industries by the imposition of a cess of three ples per yard on all mill cloth excepting that produced for export (10) Imposition of a cut in the production of dhoties by textile mills to stimulate the handloom sector weavers 4 Some of the State Government, eg the UP have evolved long term plans for the development of cooperatives in connection with the rehabilitation of the handloom industry The drawn into the firld of these cooperatives are e pected to receive as istance in arious ways The starting of dye houses the train ing of artisans the supply of yarn dyes and other raw matemals to the weavers the grant of subsidies for the purchase of improved Appliances which are necessary for improving the quality and design of handloom products the establishment of cooperative spinning mills are examples of the way in which the handloom sector 1 proposed to be assi ted 5 During 1951 52 and 1952 53 the Ministry of Commerce and Industry gave grants of Rs 675 808 and Rs 255 950 re pectively to State Governments for various schemes for the promotion of cottage industries such as the purchase of a wood seasoning plant the establishment of a woollen carding and finishing centre and of a centre for finishing and testing cycle parts In addition grants of Rs 456 940 and Rs 11 25 400 were given to non-official organisations mostly for the purchase of machinery The grants to crganisations included grants totalling Rs 1100000 given direct to the All India Spinner As ociation The other grants were mostly given through the State Gosernments concerned non official ·INDUSTRY 07 3 MINERAL RESOURCES The programme of mineral development envisaged in the Plan rovides for (1) systematic and detailed investigations and surveys by the Geological Survey of India the Indian Bureau of Mines and the National Laboratories for the quantitatise and qualitative assessment of the resources of the more important minerals (11) provision of facilities in the shape of technical personnel and equipment for the implementation of the survey. and of metallurgical coal and (111) legislation for conservation allied matters IC Plan contains a provision of Rs 670 lakhs for the further expansion of the Geological Survey of India and Rs 39 2 lakhs for the five-year expansion programme of the Bureau of Mines Sepa rate funds are allocated for the Fuel Research Institute the National Metallurgical Laboratory and the Central Glas and Ceramic Research Institute which have a vital part to play in the development bl mineral resources \Progress of development erpenditure 2 Out of a provision in the Plan of Rs 5 0 lakhs for 1951 52 and Rs 13 69 lakhs for 1952 33 for the further expansion of the Geological Survey of India only Rs 1 09 lakhs and Rs 4 16 lakhs respectively have been spent in the two years a short fall in expenditure of R 13 44 lakhs (nearly 78 per cent) In the ci e of the Bureau of Mines the Plan provides Rs 2 29 lakhs for 19,1 52 and Rs 6 92 lakhs for 1952 53 while the actual expenditure incurred on expansion has been Rs 0 29 lakhs and R 408 lakhs respectively in the two years a short fall of Rs 4 80 lakhs (nearly 52 per cent) The short fall in expenditure has been largely due to difficulties in recruiting person nel and purchase of equipment The two departments have there fore had to undertake their respective programmes with very much smaller staff and less equipment than are really required for the purpose This is reflected in the failure to achieve some of the targets set for each year and this is particularly noticeable in the case of systematic mapping inspection of mines prospecting and minera), benefication where of the investigations undertaken less than third could be completed 9 PC ·6 Ovune (17CUL LYTUŁE uts 5 Preliminary investigations during the last few years having ndicated the existence of large quantities of lignite in the neighbour hood of Neyvelt (South Arcot District) the Madras Government have begun experimental quarrying with a view to collect bulk samples ard to study the ground water conditions in the area The scherne which is estimated to cost Rs 79 0 lakhs is being subsidised by the Central Government to the extent of Rs 15 00 lakhs in the shape ol equipment Railuay colliertes 6 A plan has been drawn up for the effectue and economic working of the Railway collieries involving opening of neu seams and new areas mechanisation and provision of amenities like housing pit head bath creches ctc and a provision of Rs 145 lakhs has been made in the Ministry of Railways programme 7 A sum of Rs 84 95 lakhs had been provided for the period 1951-53 but so far only about Rs 11 74 lakhs have been actually spent These figures horever gue a somewhat exaggerated impresor sion of the farlure in performance as against the targets set because ·07 INDUSTRY 3 MINERAL TESOURCES The programme of mineral development envisaged in the Plan for ovides (1) systematic and detailed investigations and suri cy's by the Geological Survey of India the Indian Burciu of Mines and the National Laboratories for the quantitative and qualitative assessment of the resources of the more important minerals (11) provision of facilities in the shape of techn cal personrc) and equipment for the implementation of the surveys and (tu) legislation for conser ation of metallurgical cal and allied matters The Plan contains a provision of Rs 670 lakhs for th il ther expansion of the Geological Survey of India and Rs 33 2 baths for the five-year expansion programme of the Bureau of lll es Sapa rate funds are allocated for the Fuel Research Insitute tha na Metallurgical Laboratory and the Central Glas ard Curat Research Institute which have a vital part to play in the darelor... of mineral resources Progress of development expenditure ► Out of a provision in the Plan of Rs 50 lakhs in 1951 am Rs 13 69 lakhs for 1937 53 for the further expan 37 oft Gom Survey of India only Rs 1 03 lakhs and Rs 4 16 1 - base been sp nt in the too years--a stort " Ime Rs 13 44 lakhs (nearly 78 per cent) In t} .C Almere Mines the Plan provides Rs 2 29 lakhs fo 1921 57 224 fo 1952-53 while the actual expenditure and *TC, been Rs 0 29 lakhs and Rs 402 lakhs respekt 117 a short fall of Rs 4 80 lakhs (nearly 52 par *** expenditure has been largely due to diffin nel and purchase of equipment. The tag fo e had to undertake their respective opp smaller staff and less equiorent than 2. purpose This is reflected in the failed set for each sear and this is part is systematic mapping inspec?01 of benefication whee of the DVE 13 M2 third could be completed. .

·PROGRESS REPORT 1951 53 ANNEXURE I INVESTIGATIONS CARRIED OUT DURING 1951-53 The following investigations have been taken up during the period Mapping (1) Large scale mapping of the Karanpura coalfields (un progress) and revision of a large scale maps of Bokaro (in progress) and Rangan; (completed) (11) Large scale structural mapping of the manganese ore belt in Madhya Pradesh (in progress) (212) Detailed mapping of the mica belt in Bihar and Rajasthan (in progress) Mineral investigations (1) Examination of sulphur bearing clays in Kistna district (Madras) (completed) (11) Underground exploratory mining of pyrite deposits Amjor (Bihar) (in progress) (212) Preliminary investigations of wolfram Bankusa (West Bengal) pyrites in Taradevi (Simla Hills) and Karwar (Bombay) (completed) (x) Exploratory survey of sulphur deposits near Puga (Kashmir) (completed) (u) Geophysical investigations for copper in Singhbhum (Bihar) and Jubbulpore (Madhya Pradesh) (completed (VI) Geophysical investigations for pyrite in Ingaldal (Mysore (completed) (vu) Assessment of reserves of kyanite in Singhbhum (Bihar) (completed) Survey (1) Survey of resources of glass sands (completed) (11) Survey of Indian clays (in progress) (111) Physical and chemical survey of Indian coals The survey of Bermo scam has been completed and that of No 10 seamn in Jharia and the 100 It seam in Bokaro are near lag comoletion Three regional coat survey stations have been set up

·INDUSTRY
102
ANNEXURE I-contd
'meral beneficiation and utilisation
Investigations on
(1) Beneficiation of low grade manganese ore from Madhya
Pradesh and Orissa (in progress)
(11) Beneficiation of low grade pyrite lead and zinc and
graphite (in progress)
(111) The properties of mica and the utilisation of scrap and
waste mica (in progress)
(tv) Manufacture of sillimanite refractories from Travancore
beach sands (in progress)
(v) Production of super basic refractories from magnesite
talc rock (in progress)
(vi) Preparation of bervillia from beryl and electrolytic
manganese from low grade manganese ore The work is
in progress and a method has been standardised
(1) The washability of Indian coal About 300 samples have
been tested and investigations have been carried on a
laboratory and semipilot plant scale
(vuu) Low and high temperature carbonisation blending if
non coking and semi coking coal with coking coal and
Fischer Tropsch Synthesis (in progress)

·104 PROGRESS REPORT 1951-53 jan Locomotive Factory is now practically complete Up to the end of March 1953 58 locomotives had been built which is rather more than envisaged in the scheduled programme and the percentage of components produced at the factory had risen to 70 per cent. It is expected that output will be maintained according to plan for the rest of the Plan period The Perambur Coach Building Factory on which an expenditure of Rs 78 lakhs has already been incurred is due to be completed in 1955 The work is going forward smoothly 12 There has also been an improvement in the efficiency of the railway loco sheds and workshops This has contributed to the achievement of higher servicing efficiency by these installations which it ss hoped will improve rolling stock availability still further during the remaining years of the Plan 13 Finally it can be stated that the demand for improved amenities for passengers for which provision has been made in the Plan is being progressively met The opening of waiting halls the improvement of booking facilities the expansion in the number of stations and advance booking and reservation facilstres for third class passengers and the provision of sheds and water taps on platforms are some of the steps which have been taken in this direction order to relieve the overcrowding which has been a matter of com plaint for a long time more than 109 nes trains have been introduc cd and 108 train ryns have been extended during the year 1952 53 alone PORTS 14 Provision had been contemplated in the Plan for the development of the major ports from their own resources and from funds to be made available by the Central Government. None of ports have so far drawn upon the central assistance buts envisaged in the Plan has been taken in hand financed Exc ports own funds details of which are given below case of Bombay the cxpenditure so far incurred as low with the toll planned expenditure 1 lingira --Buring the period under revie authorities have anent No 320 02 lakhs on the r mit #life and WATT 10seg The modernisatı Viana dorks as also been undertaken as well DE the Alexandra locks The expenditure in Ite me amounted in Ns 10 48 lakhs and 26 lakhs nt ile 373 lakin iar also spent on the housing 18 Calcutta The Calcutta port authorities Diture of Rs 44 52 lakhs on the purchase of wago Ns six lakhs on the purchase of tugs and river Rs 27 35 lakhs on housing and social services ·two years under review no additions have been a has not been taken by the shipping companies of TRANSPORT AND COLLIUNICATIONS 105 17 Madras -Two major projects the extension of the sand een and the wet dock scheme were taken in hand and expenditure Rs 7 18 laths and Rs 19 62 lakhs respectively has been incurred them 18 Cochin ---The Cochin port authorities spent Rs 5 56 lakhs the construction of transit sheds and ware houses and Rs 2 81 khs on the construction of coal berths In regard to the development of Kandla as a major port for hich a provision of over Rs 12 crores has been made in the Plan uch of the preparatory work is now complete and target dates ve been fixed for the various stages of construction The expendi re during the past two years has been about Rs 29 crores Work also in progress on the development of five minor ports in Cutch LICIT HOUSES 19 During the period under review the construction of 14 light puses was taken in hand One of these is now practically complete hd work on five more is in progress The Plan provided for the prchase of a light house tender Orders have been placed for this as ell as for three motor boats It had been recommended in the Plan that to raise a part of pe funds required for the development of light houses light dumo pight be increased A bill for this has been introduced in Parliamer SHIPPING 20 During the two years under review shippin cquired 31 ships with a gross tonnage of 107 000 GRT hips built at the Vizagapatam Shipbuilding Yard I hips with a tonnage of 29 000 GRT which were sol ame period and one ship which was lost (1 000 GR dditions were of the order of 77 000 GRT 11 gone to the coastal trade The Plan aims at rai! onnage in the coastal and overseas trade from 3 62 150 nd of 1950 to about 600 000 tons GRT by 1955-56 21 The implementation of the coastal reservation ceeding steadily The share of Indian ships in the increased from about 80 per cent in 1950 51 to 94 pores and to almost 100 per cent in 1952 53 22 It was envisaged in the Plan that by 1955 overseas tonnage would amount in all to 110 000 GA These ac J9PC ·106 PROGRESS REPORT 1951 53 ments offer of loans at the concessional rate of interest of 2 per cent for the acquisition of additional tonnage for overseas trade This is partly accounted for by the sharp fluctuations in the prices of ships and freight rates during the period The Eastern Shipping Corporation have placed orders on the Hindustan shipyard for two ships of 8 000 GRT and on a German shipyard for one ship of pearly 10000 GRT The Corporation is also trying to procure secondhand ships from abroad ROADS Natronal highways 23 A sum of Rs 27 crores was set apart in the Central Govern ments plan for national highways of which R$ 815 crores were provided in the budgets for the years 1951 52 and 1952-53 About Rs 74 crores of this budget provision was expended 24 As regards actual physical targets the construction of 925 miles of new roads was planned to be undertaken during the period of the Plan of which 640 miles were scheduled to be completed At the end of the first tuo years 240 miles of this new construction had been completed and work was in progress on 450 miles Similarly 3000 miles of existing roads were to be taken in hand for improvement during the five years of which 2500 miles were scheduled to be completed By the end of the first two years improvement of 1050 mules had been completed and work was in progress on improvements over a further 1500 miles 25 As regards bridges, 68 large new bridges were planned to be talen in hand during the five year period 40 of which were to be completed So far 17 bridges have been completed and work on 20 bridges is in progress 26 A further sum of rupees four crores sas provided in the Plan for the development of certain seleuted roads other than national highways for which the Centre had accepted financial liability Amongst these are the border road to connect Tripura and Assam the Pathankot Jammu Road portions of the west coast road in Madras and Bombay States and some roads in Sikkim The progress here has not been so good in the border areas due mainly to the difficulty of obtaining labour By the end of 1952 about Rs 116 87 Lakhs had been expended on these roads One hundred and forty miles of new construction had been completed and word uas in progress on 190 miles and on two major bridges State highways and other roads 27 With regard to State highways District roads and village roads which are the primary responsibility of the State Governments.

·TRANSPORT AND COMUNICATIONS 107 the progress achieved in physical terms cannot be accurately stated as the figures supplied by States are not on a comparable basis and it is not possible in all cases to distinguish between new construction and improvements and between work fully completed and work still in progress The information so far available indicates that new construction and improvements (including village roads) were of the order of about 3 300 miles in 1951 52 and about 3 900 miles in 1952 53 These figures however include some work which had been in progress before the beginning of the period of the Plan and has now been completed as well as some roads on which work has not yet been finally completed but has progressed sufficiently for the road to be opened to traffic In certain cases too mileage has been includ ed in proportion to the work done though the particular road is not ready for use at all Thus these figures have to be viewed with caution when considered as a quantitative indication of achievement 28 In financial terms as against a total planned expenditure for five years of Rs 5 059 2 lakhs by Part A States the actual expenditure (budget figures) has been Rs 940 6 lakhs and Rs 1 346 8 lakhs in 1951 52 and 1952 53 respectively in the case of Part B States (excluding Jammu and Kashmir) against a planned expenditure of Rs 1582 8 lakhs the actuals have only been of the order of Rs 149 6 lakhs and Rs 245 4 lakhs for the last two years Similarly in the case of Part C States the actuals are only Rs 38 6 lakhs and Rs 80 3 lakhs as against a planned expenditure of Rs 627 4 lakhs for the five years These figures indicate that the Part B and C States are at present somewhat lagging behind schedule POSTS AND TELEGRAPHS 29 During the past two years there has been a rapid expansion in post offices as part of the normal development programme of the Posts and Telegraphs Department The number of telegraph offices has increased from 3 600 to 4 000 The number of telephones in the country increased from about 168 000 at the beginning of the period of the Plan to about 200 000 by December 1952-an increase of about 20 per cent During the same period 64 new telephone exchanges were opened and 105 exchanges were rehabilitated OVERSEAS COMMUNICATION SERVICE 30 The Five Year Plan had provided for the opening of a wireless tele communication station at Calcutta and for expanding the existing stations at Delht Bombay Kırkee Dhond and Madras It was decided to give the highest priority to the starting of the Calcutta Station and to the expansion of Delhi Station. There were procedural delays in connection with the acquisition of land in Calcutta but the land has now been acquired and temporary buildings ·OS PROGRESS REPORT 1951 53 astruction The installation of equipment is however behind schedule owing to the difficulty in obtaining it 31 The Delhi expansion scheme has been progressing according to plan but it has been found that the transmitter station has to be shifted to a new site Steps are being taken to acquire the necessary site Extensions to the Kırkee station are also in progress and during the period under review a second direct telegraph circuit has been opened CIVIL AVIATION 32 The plans for the development of civil aviation have two aspects --the provision of increased aerodrome and auxıhary facilities to meet increased requirements and the reorganisation and develop ment of au services themselves In regard to the former thought delays have occurred in the acquisition of land and the procurement of technical equipment fair progress has been made dunng. 1951 52 and 1952 53 In the Plan provision had been made for the construction of new aerodromes and for improving existing ones as well as for completing works which were already in hand Almost all of the latter have been completed during the last two years These include four landing strips each in Tripura State and Assam and a new aerodrome at Mangalore The new work begun during the last two years includes the construction of administrative and technical buildings at a very large number of aerodromes the improve ment of runways and taxı tracks and the construction of a completely new runway at Dum Dum The sums provided for these works in the past two years have been fully utilised and the progress is well up to schedule 33 It was expected that under the Five Year Plan work would begin on the setting up of 64 aeronautical communication stations is different parts of India to meet the increased demand for radio ards and navigational facilities There have been delays however in the arrival of equipment and the planned financial provision for the two years has not been fully utilised Because of this delay it became necessary to set up aircraft radio equipment of low power type in certain areas where the need was extremely urgent which will be replaced as the proper equipment becomes available There has been delay also in the purchase of operational and night landing equipment of aerodromes for which provision had been made 34 As regards the scorganisation and development of air services. themselves the way has been cleared by the introduction in Parlia ment (and subsequent passage) of the Airways Corporations Bill which provides for the setting up of two corporations for running all air services both internal and international ·CHAPTER VII SOCIAL SERVICES 1 HEALTH OUT OF the total health plan of about Rs 100 crores the States account for about Rs 82 crores and the Centre for about Rs 18 crores. The Central Governments programme consists of a number of selected schemes designed to support the programmes drawn up by the States Among these may be mentioned the establishment of the All India Medical Institute the National Malaria Control Programme Family Planning schemes carried out in conjunction with international organisations upgrading of existing departments in medical colleges and in hospitals training of medical and health personnel and research programmes including thoise relating to systems of medicine other than modern medicine 2 Health programmes in the States are commonly divided into two groups namely Medical and Public Health the former being concerned with the provision of medical aid and the latter with preventive measures In several States in recent years there has been a steady expansion of facilities for medical relief and medical educa tion Consequently the Plan provided for only a small amount of expansion of these facilities except in States such as Assam Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal and in several of the newly merged terrı tories In respect of public health programmes however the Plan envisaged a larger measure of expansion the average development expenditure rising from Rs 3 6 crores before the Plan to more than twice this amount by the end of the Plan period CENTRAL SCHEMES 3 Some of the important schemes in the Central Governments health programme have not yet made an effective beginning and almost the entire expenditure on them will be concentrated during the remaining three years of the Plan This is due to some extent to the fact that in the final version of the Plan the Centres health programme was substantially increased Reference may be made here briefly to the progress of a few of the Central Governments schemes (1) The All India Medical Institute - The implementation of this scheme has been delayed considerably because of preliminary dift. culties which arose over the location of the Institute It had intended in the beginning that the Institute should be 109 ·110 PROGRESS REPORT 1951 53 in tne vicinity of the Irwin Hospital where the foundation stone was actually laid in April 1952. Subsequent discussions between the Central Governmeist and the Government of Delhi State led to the decision to build the Institute in the neighbourhood of the Safdarzang Hospital which the State Government has now agreed to transfer to the Central Government (1) Upgrading of medical colleges --This scheme is a continuation of a programme which has been in progress since 1949 Among the departments wh ch have been upgraded may be mentioned the Physiology department at the Medical College Patra the Cancer Research Centre at the Tata Memorial Hospital Bombay the Indus trial Hygiene department of the All India Institute of Hygiene and Pupblic Health, Calcutta the V D department is the Government General Hospital Madres, the Anatomy department in the Medical College Madras the Obstetrics and Gynaecology departments at the Government Hospital for Women and Children Madras (1) National malaria control programme - This scheme has been given a migh priority in the Five Year Plan in the plans of the State Governments a total provision of Rs 727 crores had been made for anti malaria measures a field in which Bombay Madras Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal had already taken the lead The Central Governments programme has now made an additional provision to the extent of Rs 10 crores As a national programme the scheme would begin functioning in 1953-54 although thanks to the larger quantities of DDT becoming available under the Indo-US Technical Co-operation Agreement there has already been a stepping up of the current programme Hitherto out of a population of 200 million exposed to malaria schemes in operation covered about 30 m lon It is proposed to establish 90 antı malaria units during 1953-54 each unit serving a population of about 1 million The ants malaria measures are conceived as a programme carried out by the States with the Assistance and leadership of the Central Government For this purpose the Malaria Institute of India is now being strengthened (iv) Antı tuberculosis schemes - Thanks to the assistance of WHO and U.NICEF considerable progress has been made during he past four years ia the extension of BCG vaccination Up to the end of 1952 BCG vaccination on a mass scale had been carned out in nine States The programme will be further expanded dunag 1953 The BCG vaccine laboratory at Guindy which was establisha ed in 1948 and is being expanded under the Plan now supplies vaccine and tuberculin to the States as well as to neighbouring countries During 1951-52 three training and demonstration centres for anti tuberculosis work more established with the assistance of WHO ·SOCIAL SERVICES 111 und UNICEF The Vallabhbhai Chest Institute at Delhi is also being expanded Finally a number of States for instance Bombay Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Punjab have in hand schemes for establishing sanatoria and clinics for tuberculosis patients (v) Maternity and child health-In co-operation with V.NIC.E.F the Central Government is establishing a department of maternity and child health at the All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health Calcutta which will serve as a national training centre in this important field. In addition to training schemes several States have also initiated material and child welfare programmes Already Madras has 514 maternity and child welfare centres Uttar Pradesh 239 and Bombay 236 (vi) Family planning - The Central Government has at present, three experimental centres for pilot studies in family planning methods A family planning section has been established in the Ministry of Health The Ministry of Health has now constituted a Population Research and Programmes Committee so as to carry out the proposals made in the Five Year Plan This Committee is expected to submit its concrete proposals in the near future In view of the vital importance of family planning and the pioneering work which has already been done it is of the highest importance that the Central Government should provide effective and vigorous leadership in this field and should guide the States as well as voluntary organisations on the basis of a definite and carefully co-ordinated programme of work HEALTH PROGRAMMES IN THE STATES 4 The following statement indicates the trends in respect of development expenditure under medical and public health programmes in the States - Progress of Development Expenditure (Rupees in I kus) Med cal 1950 ST 1951 52 1952 53 1953 54 Five Y ars Actual Actuals Revised Budget Tot 1 Administration 34 3 S SS Education and training 91 7 270 4 167 3 217 7 1345 8 241 6 H spitals and dispensantes 378 - 525 0 2472 4 18 2 Other schemes 37 5 42 4 434 3 Z 436 7 55 2 Public He Ith 15 O 24 3 41 8 Administration Educat on and training Water supply and drai age I 4 264 2 47 2 304 1 2 354 9 61 7 21 3 37 407 S 81 6 22 38 412 2 IZSO 2407 ܝܝܫܬ ·112 PROGRESS REPORT 1951 53 During the two or three years that preceded the Plan a number of new medical colleges were taken in hand Expenditure on these schemes has now fallen from Rs 29 crores in 1950-53 to Rs 17 crores in 1952 53 While there are a few new schemes for the promotion of medical education the bulk of the increase in expandıture relates to provision of hospital and dispensary facilities in public health programmes attention is being concentrated mainly on the one hand on water supply and drainage and on the other upon anti malana programmes in respect of which as has been indicated earlier the Central Government has now accepted a measure of initiative 5 Sufligent attention has not been given in the past to the traing of ancillary medical and public health personnel such as nurses midwives health visitors and sanitary staff The existing facilities have to be expanded considerably in view of the programmes now accepted for national extension and community projects This is one of the major tasks to be undertaken during 1953 54 Broadly speaking taking the States as a whole medical and public health programmes are lagging behind the relatively modest levels postulated in the Plan During the remaining three years the States as well as the Centre have to ensure that this lag is made up 2 EDUCATION Progress of expenditure The total proposed expenditure for the educational develop ment in the plan is Rs 151 7 crores for the five year period The progress of expenditure as against the Plan provision was follows as (R$ i lakhs) Expend cure n the Plan Progress of Expend ture 1951 52 1952 53 (1951 56 1950-3151951 33. 1953 53 1933, 34 (Actualaj (Actual) (Revised) (Budget) 1901 o 2 93 8 11637 7 1828 $ 1892 7 2052 3 2386 3 Siases Central Coverament 219 9 1054 9 3501 124 6 1938 3595 3164 TOTAL 213* 9 3148 7 15739 4 1953 1 2091 5 2 411 4 2902 Compared to the development expenditure in 1950-51 the increase in the expendsture under the Plan was three per cent in 1951 52 24 per cent in 1952 53 and »ovid 48 per cent in 1953-54 ·SOCIAL SERVICES 113 2 The progress of development expenditure by the Central Gov ernment under different heads has been as follows (Rs in lakhs) Progress of Expend ture Sub-Head Total for 1951 56 1951 52 1952 53 1953 54 (Actuals) (Re sed) (Budg 1) 20 000 NI 63 5 2000 I oOo NI N1 Pre Un vers ty Education Labour Service by students University Educat on (Humantes) Techn cal and Vocat onl Education, I OO N1 341 50 12 81 7 1988 61 3 91 4 TOTAL 35 OI I 98 8 359 O S 164 3 The same progress in the States sector has been as follows Progres of D velopm nt Expend ture Sub head Total for 1950-51 1951 5 195 53 1953 54 1951 56 (Actuals) (Actuals) (R sed) (Budget) Admin strat on Io3 8 90 77 9 I I 8 I 81 4 7 240 6 I 44 9 Pr mary Education 1585 I 393 3 128 7 18 1 18 6 31 1 Bas c Educat on 835 3 89 1 100 7 IST 73 6 167 8 I 06 I 024 5 Secondary Education Un vers ty Education Technical and Vocat onal Edn 196 > 41 I 016 3 170 S 1595 176 9 05 603 o 4 3 710 84 2 84 O Soc al Education 680 5 836 65 9 730 Other Schemes 8.4 O Primary schools (including Basic) 4 Reliable data is not yet available to measure the progress of the Plan in different sectors in terms of physical targets and it is only possible to indicate the types of programme, that are in progre s In the case of ordinary primary education new schools have been opened teachers tramed school buildings put up and repair ed pay scales of teachers raised in a number of States-especially in Bombay Bihar Madhya Pradesh and Orissa- compulsion intro duced in certain areas and crafts introduced in primary schools a first step towards their final conversion into basic schools ·114 PROGRESS REPORT 1951 53 regards basic education new schools are being opened and ordi nary primary schools are being converted into basic schools Due to the dearth of trained teachers however the progress has been rather slow Steps are being taken to make up this deficiency 5 In the community project areas as well as in the case of scheduled castes and scheduled tribes the necessity of opening schools only of the basic type has been emphasised by the Central Government The Ministry of Education are considering how best to develop the productive capacity of basic education without sacrificing educational interests and are considering steps to implement the recommend ations of the committee appointed for the purpose Through their scheme of intensive educational development projects they are rying to work out techniques for basic education produce literature train teachers and see how a group of basic institutions situated near each other would react on the total lite of the community Rs 33 3 lakhs (revised estimates) have been spent on this scheme during 1952-53 The report on the work done is however not yet available Secondary education 6 In the case of secondary education besides the usual programmes of opening new secondary schools and improving existing ones.man the matter of buildings equipment staff etcmthere are programmes of Opening secondary schools for girls and of diversifying secondary courses as well as giving a vocational bias to secondary education When the Secondary Education Commission which was appointed last year to examine the whole field of secondary education reports schernes will be drawn up to implement its recommendatrons Unilersity education 7 In the field of university education the Central Government have decided to set up a University Grants Commission It is hoped that when it is set up it will be able to assist the development of unitersity education throughout the country sn a co-ordinated manner The Central Govertiment made a provision of Rs 34 2 lakhs in 1952-53 to assist the teaching of humanities in universities Rs 250 lakhs have been provided for the same purpose in the budget of 1953-54 In the States sector progress has been made in regard to a number of important schemes provided in the Plan These include the expansion of er sting undersities the starting of post graduate courses he development of oriental education at the under graduare and post graduate levels the provision of facıhties for research and the provision of scholarships to mentorious but poor students As segards the establishment of rural universities a sub-committee ·SOCIAL SERVICES he Central Advisory Board of Education which was set up the purpose met recently and its report will be shortly consi d by the Board Assistance given in the development of higher Antific and technical education in universities is dealt with below In the field of technical and vocational education progress has s made in increasing facilities for post graduate and research fk in which we are deficient The most important schemes as connection and the progress made therein during 1951–53 are tioned below (Rupees n Jakhs) Name of Scheme Frecut ng Author ty 10[?] for fic Vears 1961 52 1952 53 1953 34 Actuals) (Rev sed) (Budget) 74 7 122 101 O 464 7 Ing an Inst tule Technology Kharagpur of Central Government 887 398 IO Development scheme of Central the Ind an Inst tute of Gove nment Scences Bangalore 1 xe 8 456 Research tra n ng schon larship scheme Centr Government 482 0 22 8 71 O 94 o Development of Sc en t fic and Techn cal Edu cation and Rescarch 1 Cent a1 Government 10804 TOTAL 206 9 133 4 35 2 bucation s will be seen all these schemes are conducted by the Central overnment which has a special responsibility in regard to higher As regards the Indian Institute of Technology Kharag ur it is intended to develop it as a premier institution for postraduate and research work It was however realised that good postraduate work could only be built up on the basis of under graduate ork of a high standard The Institute therefore also provides for undergraduates courses The scheme was started in 1947 48 and up 1950-51 Rs 55 lakhs had been spent The scheme made good progress during 1951--53 Ol the tract of 1 320 under graduates it is pstimated that in 1953 54 it will be possible to admit 803 under staduates besides 40 post graduates 20 research Scholars and 43 students in specialised codrses The progress has however not Var ou As expla ned later on this institori me i nder graduate work also Though orainally frien te only on ping for graduate and rescarch Cops of th $ schem hat I en wilene Inich te other | chn cal educat on at all is el th ·118 PRUGRESS REPORT 1951 53 15 At the supervisory level active steps are under consideration for establishing standards of training by the introduction of the National Certificate Courses Besides there are some important schemes like the development of the Tirhut School of Engineering (Bihar) expansion of Shri Jayachamarajendra Occupational Insti tute Bangalore the Occupational Institute Hasan (Mysore) and the opening of polytechnics in Travancore Cochin which would increase available facilities at this level 16 Some of the institutions named above eg the Occupations! Institute Bangalore also turn out craftsmen Apart from these there are industrial schools trade schools etc that impart vocational education at lower levels 17 in three States--Bombay Madhya Pradesh and West Bengal special attention has been given to the opening of technical high schools in an attempt to give a vocational bias to secondary educa tion 18 Another important direction in which progress has been registered is in the matter of conditioning of technical graduates and diploma holders so that they can fit into industry The objeca of the Practical Training Stipends Scheme of the Government of India is to enable the students to undergo broad based practical training in approved industrial concerns and in Government and Government sponsored technical departments etc and thus acquire the necessary practical training experience for gainiu employment The scheme was started in 1949 50 Its total copy during the Plan period is Rs 46 6 lakhs out of which Rs 53 laks Bere spent during 1951 52 and Rs 7 5* lakhs during 1952 53 RS Jakhs have been provided for this purpose for 1953 54 As a result number of senior stipendiaries increased from 360 in 1950-51 to 4 in 1952 53 The number of junior stipendiaries however fell fro 200 in 1950-51 to 170 in 1952 53 By the end of 1955-56 it is estima! that there will be approximately 500 seniort and 350 junio stipends 19 During 1952 53 a scheme of 16 scholarships was started which the cost of the stipends is shared by the firms concerned a the Government on a fifty fifty basis Closer co-operation betwee Government and industry is essential and the Eastern and Weste Regional Committee which were set up during this period working towards this end Steps are being taken to set up the st of the Eas ern and Western Regional offices on a permanent footbal F gurm are prov Ional for degree holders Tor d ploma holders ·SOCIAL SERVICES 119 Steps have also been taken to recruit personnel for the regional offices in the South and the North and it is hoped that these offices will be established very soon 20 Another attempt to secure the help of industry in the matter of technical education has been the setting up by the All India Council for Technical Education of a committee of industrialists educationists and others to prepare special projects in the field of technical education to be carried out in cooperation with industry These projects will include the provision of adequate facilities for part time courses at various industrial centres and the organisation of refresher courses especially in areas where there is concentra tion of industries and other technical activities Social education 21 Much work in this field has been done in Madhya Pradesh and Bombay The Madhya Pradesh Government recently appointed a committee to enquire into the functioning of social education in the, State and how far its results were commensurate with the amount of money spent 22 In the intensive educational projects referred to earlier a programme of social education in accordance with the recommenda tions of the Planning Commission is being worked out Similarly in the community project areas social education is integrated with other activities of reconstruction and workers are also given practical and comprehensive training The Ministry of Education have addressed the State Governments suggesting that teachers training colleges might take up research work in social education Other schemes 23 Rupees twenty lakhs have been provided for youth camps and labour service for students in the budget for 1953-54 and a detailed scheme is being worked out for the purpose As regards physical education steps are being taken to introduce suitable courses in schools and colleges The question of up grading the existing Central Institute of Physical Education in Bombay is under consideration Grants are given to promote research in physical education Besides these there are other schemes īn operation h as those for improving administration direction and ispection the development of regional languages and Hindi for the Cadet Corps and for training abroad ·120 PROGRESS REPORT 1951 53 3 LABOUR During the first two years of the operation of the Plan attempts were made to promote peaceful settlement of disputes to improve the condition of labour and to increase its efficiency Out of Rs 691 56 lakhs allotted for labour and labour welfare duning the Plan period about Rs 197 2 lakhs were expected to be spent in the first two years both by the Centre and States The main legislative measures enacted during the period were the Plantation Labour Act, 1951 the Mines Act 1952 and the Employees Provident Fund Act 1952 Of these the two latter Acts have already been brought into force The Labour Advisory Committees in the States and the Tripartite Bodies at the Centre-Indian Labour Conference Joint Consultative Board Standing Labour Committee and the various industrial committees were made use of for discussion and solution of the vamous labour problems The main emphasis was on the settlement of disputes through conciliation and adjudication rather than through strikes and lockouts On the whole the period showed an improvement in capital labour relations as well as in the economic conditions of worker This is reflected in the reduced number of man days lost in 1951 and 1952 increase in production in a large number of indus tries and improvement in the annual earnings of industrial workers in 1951 in most of the States In the following paragraphs a brief account of the progress of implementation of the recommendations on labour and of the various schemes is given. Industrial relations 2 The pattern of future labour legislation which should govern industral relations between employers and employees was the subject of discussion at the 12th session of the Indian Labour Conference held in October 1952 and at the 10th session of the Labour Ministers Conference held in February 1953 A Bill embodying the conclusions reached is expected to be introduced in the House of the People this year II ages and social secunty 3 4 measure of standardisation of wages in the textile industry has already been effected as a result of awards of industrial tribunais Standardssation of wages to some extent IS under way in the cngineering industry Further progress in this direction is expected with the determination of sork loads by the ILO team of experts on productivity in selected plants in textile and engineering Industres ·SOCIAL SERVICES 121 4 Minimum wages in nearly all scheduled industrial employments role ed by he Minimum Wages Act 1914 hare been fixed in Part 4 ard C Sate and employment filling under the Central Government In regard to agriculture minimum wages have been fixed by some of the State Governments although the progress has been rather slou 5 Plans for further implementation of the Employees State Insurance Act are under consideration With regard to the Provident Fund Act contributions to the Fund began with effect from November 1952 Working conditions As 6 Factores The necessity of stiengthening factory inspector ates as recommended in the Plan has been brought to the notice of the State Governments Some States have already initiated action regards the appointment of full time medical inspectors the Govern ments of Bihar and Bombay have appointed such medical inspectors The Governments of West Bengal Mysore and Pepsu have agreed to appoint medical inspectors The promotion of tripartite agreements on the standard of compliance with the provisions of the Factories Act has been receiving the attention of Government and it is proposed to make a start with the cement industry An expert unit on industrial hygiere obtained under the Point Four Programme has rendered valuable assistance in conducting surveys on health hazards in select ed industries 7 Plantations -With the sum of Rs 4 lakhs made available by the Central Tea Board some of the Sta e Governments have now prepared schemes providing inter alia for training of workers in subsı diarv occupations to enable them to supplement their family income The services of an ILO expert hase also been obtained for the promotion of vocational training schemes for plantation orkers With regard to housing the planters have been requested to submit half yearly progress reports about the provision of houses for workers Satisfactory progress in this direction has been report ed by some estates The Central Gouernment is also assisting the flanters in the procurement of building materials by making surtable allocations of pipes iron and steel cement etc Employment and Training 8 The possibility of extending the schemes of decasualisation of dock workers and of textile workers to other centres has been under consideration It is proposed to organise at the ports of Calcutta and Madras schemes for the regularisation of employment of dock labour on the same lines as in Bombay 9PC ·PROGHESS REPORT 1951 53 9 A scheme is being drawn up for a pilot study to survey the man power requirements and employment opportunities in places where major development schemes are likely to be undertaken Productivity 10 A beginning in productivity studies was made with the help of a team of ILO experts For this purpose five textile factories in Bombay State and five engineering units in the Calcutta region were selected with the object of demonstrating how productivity and earnings of workers in these industries could be raised by the applica tion of modern techn ques of work study and plant organisation and in addition where appropriate by the introduction of suitable systems of payment by results The first phase of this study has been completed The Labour Bureau Simla has also started preliminary work on compiling labour productivity indices The Government of India have requested the ILO for two experts for one year for the development of a national training within industry programme Schemes of development 11 Central Of the five schemes costing Rs 397 3 lakhs during the period of the Plan three schemes (viz Technical and Vocational Training Scheme Prov sion of Tools and Machinery for the training schemes and Central Training Institute for Instructors) were already an operation and the total expenditure expected to be incurred on the schemes till the end of 1952 53 is Rs 125 74 lakhs The scheme for retraining of retrenched workers for alternative employment which has not so far been started depends upon the introduction of schemes of rationalisation The construction of buildings for training schemes which forms one of the five schemes has also not started All the training schemes of the Ministry of Labour are at present being examined by a special committee The future course of development of these schemes will depend to some extent upon the findings of this committee 12 States The State Scheines include the strengthening of conciliation machinery and inspection services starting of labour welfarc centres pre and post emplovment training adult education cic of the eleren States having schemes of this kind seven States had made a beginning The total cost of these schemes during the Plan porod SRS 594 11 hs Dur ng the fir t to your the evp duit p on daho n irred by thn sen Stues is Rs 71 48 Jah Aliha the chrya ire to con” into op 13 11on from of Pin !?! ome ot ers the chemres could not so far be undertaken for sant of fund } ·123 SOCIAL SERVICES 4 HOUSING A new progidiame for assisting industrial housing on the lines recommended in the Five Year Plan was adopted by the Central Government in 1952 Under this scheme loans to the extent of R. 5 14 crores for the construction of 18 395 tenements have been sanctioned in favour of the States of Uttar Pradesh Bombay Hyderabad Madhya Bharat and Saurashtra These tenements are to be constructed by the end of June 1953 Some assistance has also been made available to industrial employers and industrial workers co-operatives 5 WELFARE OF BACKWARD CLASSES The Central Government has a special responsibility for promoting the welfare and development of scheduled tribes and scheduled areas Under Article 275 (1) of the Constitution the Centre ded grants in aid to States the extent of Rs 1 25 crores in 1951 52 and Rs 18 crores in 1952 53 In 1953 54 these grants will amount to Rs 2 65 crores In the final version of the Five Year Plan additional provision amounting to Rs 3 crores was made for grants for scheduled tribes and scheduled areas thus raising the total funds available for this purpose to about Rs 12 crores A sum of Rs four crores was also allocated for welfare schemes for scheduled castes and other backward classes 2 Development schemes for backward classes are to be viewed as a provision compulsory to the general development programme of a State which in its different aspect is expected to contribute to the maximum extent possible to the progress of the less advanced sections of the population Such welfare programmes will bear fruit in the measure in which under the general development plan of a State local resources are developed and new appointment opportunities created In the administration of these schemes it is important therefore to ensure that they are fully co ordinated with other schemes in different fields of development and are worked out so as to provide the emphasis required on account of the special problems which confront backward section of the population 3 Central grants for scheduled tribes and scheduled areas are made for specific schemes which are approved by the Ministry of Home Affairs in consultation with Ministries concerned The Commis sioner for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tripes maintains a general supervision over the working of these schemes The Home Miristry s organisation needs to b stren, a ned esp ciall: since additional responsibilities for welfare programmes for scheduled castes and other backward classes have now been enti ·124 FROGRESS REPORT, 1951 53 to it it is essential that the Ministry should be able to keep in touch with the actual admin tration of schemes funds for which are so largely der ved from the Centre The implementation of various programmes for scheduled tribes and scheduled arcas is at present handicapped by the lack of personnel with the necessary training and aptitude for work among scheduled tribes and also by lack of voluntary social orhers Both these problems should receive spec al attention from the Central Government Without the solid foundation of good administration and competent technical assistance there can be no assurance that the progress of scheduled tribes as at all commensurate with the expenditure incurred upon them or that the necessary techniques and methods for their development are being successfully worked out 4 In addition to amounts provided under the Central Govern ments Plan State Plans prouded about Rs 22 crores for the welfare of buckward classes They inulude both scheduled tribes and scheduled castes as well as other bach ward classes and details of schemes intended to benefit different groups have not been easy to obtain It is satisfactory to ob crve that against a total expandı ture of Rs 26 crores in 1950 52 development expenditure under this head in the States stood at Rs 34 crores in 1952-53 while the budgets for 1953 54 have a total provis)on of Rs 52 crores The di nu n of dyrlopment evpend it under the Plan and during the fir 110 vers is shown in the tatement bclo Development Erpenditure in the States Ilet 1050 $1 195 rg 52 53 1953 54 Five Years Toral Administrat 7 83 18 13 3 64 3 As iculture and al de clopment 20 34 23 3 288 O Rogus and ommunica tions 07 3 o$ 4 216 0 Education 14 66 3 66 3 303 103 4 333 7 Medical a Os 17 126 Publa 11 alth 58 14 3 48 6 Wcare activities 27 169 164 22 5 61 ? Other Schem 369 3 2703 246 4 1053 7 $ will be observed that provision of assistance to education and development of roads and communications are being given the major emphasis Among education schemes those for vocational ·of public health agriculture and forest development in institutioner SOCIAL SERVICES 125 training are given higher priority Concessions include free student ships stipends and reservation of seats in various institutions Among welfare actiti i s provision of drinking water supply may be specially mantioned Cottage industries and handicrafts for which valuable local traditions and experience often exist need greater atten ion than they receive at present Development programmes in the North East Frontier Agency 6 The North East Frontier Agency comprises an area of 40 000 sq milcs and a population of 800 000 spread over the four frontier tracts of Blipara Sadia Tirapa and Naga hills Although in the post war period a few development schemes 1 ere taken up in this area development programmes of any magnitude commenced with the formulation in 1931 of a three crore Five Year Plan for the North East Frontier Agency as part of the National Plan Since then there has been a steady increase in development activity as may be seen from the fact that development expenditure rose from Rs eight lalhs in 1950 51 to Ps 22 lalhs in 1951 52 and Rs 36 lakhs in 1952 53 the budgeted expenditure for 1953 51 being Rs 73 lakhs 7 Development in this region depends mainly upon two fac tors communications and personnel As a iesult of wori during the past year 51 miles of jeep roads 30 miles of bridle paths and 10 miles of porter tracks are expected to be completed Against an outlay of Rs 105 lakhs provided for roads a total expenditure of Rs 41 lakhs has been incurred during the first two years 8 A sustained effort is being made to the necessary personnel admin trative and technical for carrying out development programmes The ricultural Department has been streng thened for instance by the addition of seven district agricultural officers 20 agricultural inspectors 31 assistant agricultural inspectors and 25 agricultural demonstrators Similarly the Medical Depart ment has now secured 28 Assistant surgeons and other ancillary staff With a view to obtaining an increasing proportion of personnel from the districts included in the agency educational facilities are being rapidly increased and promising young men are beig assisted through stipends and scholarships in obtaining specialised training in different fields Among the notable developments which have recently occurred may be mentioned the opening of four middle schools four cottage industries training centres a teachers training institute and the provi ion of opportunities for training in the field secure situated outside the areas ·126 PROGRESS REPORT 1951 53 6 REHABILITATION OF DISPLACED PERSONS The chapter on rehabilitation of displaced persons in the Five Year Plan reviewed the progress of rehabilitation upto March 1952 It was brought out that upto 31st March 1952 Government had in curred a total expenditure of Rs 90 5 crores on the rehabilitationas distinguished from relief-of the displaced persons As against the Plan provision of Rs 85 0 crores for rehabilitation for the period 1951 54 of which Rs 29 2 crores were proposed to be spent in 1951 52 Rs 27 8 crores in 1952 03 and Rs 280 in 1953 54 the actual distribution of expenditure on rehabıl tation in 1951 2 (actual) 1932 53 (revised budget) and 1953 54 (budget) for different items and hown separately for displaced persons from West Pakistan and Last Pakistan is given on the following page ·Expenditure on Rehabilitation 1951-54 (R$ crores) 1951 52 1952 53 19 3 54 actu actual actual total total acco d accord ng TO Plan on On V Pak E Pak dps d ps accord ng to Plan on W Pak d ps on E Pak. dps ng to Plan total on on W Pak L Pak dps dps RIl csettlement 3 88 3 88 I OI 2 87 4 04 4 04 O 80 3 24 2 80 2 79 OS 2 54 Uiban hous ng 16 II 16 11 II 71 4 40 14 34 14 34 2 2 12 00 IO 28 7 30 2 98 SOCIAL SERVICES Ubalo ng other than RFA. 2 42 2 42 0 79 I 63 3 37 3 37 50 2 87 3 SO 3 50 O 50 3 00 Urban I as by R.FA I 88 I 88 I 31 O 57 2 OS 2 05 3 00 2 SO Techn cell n ng ed cate and uter sch mes 4 88 4 88 2 06 2 82 40 4 OT 2 57 144 6 70 3 18 I 47 I 71 TOTAL 217 9 17 16 88 12 29 7 87 -781 1997 9 777 28 00 z 25 527 10 231 •Separate figures act available Excuding RFA loans 21 ·128 PROGRESS REPORT 1951 53 2 It was envisaged that if an expenditure of Rs 12 crors was made on housing in 1933 54 onls four crores would have to be spent ir 1994 ud to complete the work of construction of houses for de placed persons from Wet Pal istan But a the Ministry of Rehab li tation had to rcduce its alio nent for housing in its budget fo 1453- 54 to Fs 10 28 crores from Rs 120 crore as originally planned it is Iikels that the requirement for 1934 w5 may have to be corit pond ingly increased 3 According to the estimates of the Ministry of Rehabilitation a Vo$t majority of displaced asriculturists from West Pakistan has been resettled Subs antial progress has been made in regard to the construction of houses for the urban populat on and it was csti mated that by the erd of March 1953 accommodation would have been ar anged for about 2 8 lakhs of displaced persons from West Pakistan so that almo t the entire housing problem of displaced persons from Wet Pakistan would be liquidated by the end of 1953 54 Creat importance has been attached to the vocational and technical train ng of d splaced persons so that on completion of the training they could either set themselves up in industry or craft or find suitable employment The Conference on Rehabilitation Minis ter neld in December 1990 elamined the question of providing facil ties for imparting vocational and technical tra ning for displac td pursons and recommended that in all 80 000 displiced person from West I alristan should be trained 51 000 persons had already completed their training by the end of 1952 53 and 12 000 wert under training The entire field and scope of the present schemes ol technical and vocat onal training of displaced persons from West Pakistan were reviewed recently by a Comm ttee set up by the Gov ernment : hich has made ecommendations regarding the number ol displaced persons to be trained the standards of training method of selection of liain.c. cxpansion re organisation and closure of centres assistance to be given to ti unees during the period of and after completion of training etc Further programme for technical training is being o ganised in the light of the recommendations made in the Report 4 The programma in 1952 53 followed the pattern of the pret ots Sears and no sgnificant changes in policy took place A large majo ity of displaced persons from West Pal istan harc by now beeg telp d in rehabilitation and it e pected that it will be possible to reduce governn ntal responsiblity as far as the displaced orson from West Pal ıstan are concerned i ery considerably by the end of 1993 51 5 Due to a further subs antial influx of di placed persons from La t Bengal into India durirg May-October 1952 incrca ed the number of displaced persons from East Pakistan fr0:39 Which has

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·CHAPTER VIII LAND REFORDI THE RECOVIVIENDATIO S of the Planning Commission on the subject of land policy in the final report on the plan took into account developments in the field of land reforms which had tahen place during the past two or three vears The Planning Commissions proposals are an essential part of the scheme of national reconstruc tion outlined in the Five lear Plan During the past two years there has been a great deal of land reform legislation in the States and in this respect the period might be described as being one of considerable ferment In this chapter it is proposed to indicate briefly the developments which have recently taken place and the directions in which further attention is neuded The „ubject deserves to be considered at a greater length and therefore in this revicw at is po ssble only to note a few of the more important features of land reform programmes as they have developed Assam 2 Land reforms legislatlon 18 A sam relates to (a) protection of tenants and (6) management of Zamırdari extates In 1952 greater protection was given by legislation to adhiars (crop sharers) A ceiling as placed on rent payable by an under raisat wh ch is not to exceed the rent pard by his immediate land lord by more than 50 per cent Zamındari estates in Goalpara Act 1949 and the necessary notification was is we This action of the Assam Government h3 hou ever been challenged and the matter is pending for decision in the Supreme Court Bihar 3 Under the Bihar Land Relmms sct 1950 which provides for the abolition of Zamındari estates with a gro s rental of Rs 264 crores have been so far taren over by the Bihar Government A recent amandment enables the Statn Gorronment to tak over all zamindaris lying within a particular area which may be notified, making it unnecessary to notify cach inditadual zamındari separately The question of conferring occupancy sta'us on under tenants is bring corside ed by the Bihar Government 130

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·139 PROGRESS REPORT 1951 53 Madra 6 The Madras Estates (Abolition and Conversion into Ryotuan) Act 1918 came into force in April 1949 Mot of the zamındarı and under tenure estates and also inam estates have been taken over under this legislation As compensation will be payable only after the urvey and se tlement of these areas on ryotwarı princi ples has been completed a portion of the compensation is being paid in advance The total amount of advance compensation of which Rs three crores will be paid in bonds has now been fixed at R6 25 crores In March 1952 fixity of tenure wa ensured for all classes of tenants in the Malabar district in the Gudalur Taluq of the Nilgiri district and in 33 villages in the South Kanara district The fair rent of wet land was reuuced from two thirds to one half of the net produce after making a larger allowance for expenses of cultivation The fair rent of garden lands was al o reduced The system of renewals by which curtain classes of customary tenants had to pay a rennual fee every 12 veas has now been abolished Under the Tanjore tenants and Pannaiyal Protection Act 1952 tenants have been assured security for a period of five years and provi ion has been made for the reinstatement of cultivating tenants who were evicted by landlord The Act al o provided for the fixation of the minimum wages which should be paid to agricultural labour Onssa 7 Since the Ori sa State Abolition Act 1951 came into force in November 1932 the State Government has tal en over 356 estates Stuff for determining compensation to intermediaries has been appointed but no compensation has so far been paid Special officers for the management of the estates which have been taken over have been recentis appointed Further progress has been held up as the validity of the legislation has been questioned and at pre ent the matter is pending before the Supreme Court Punjab 8 Lard reforms leg siation in Punjab is more recent than in ses cral other States partly because ownership of land was fairly tidely distributed in this State and partly becau, e the problem of rchab litation of displacci persons claimed prior attention During the past to tears special tenures such a hose of superior ou ners occupancy tenants and landlords of land held in occupancy rights have been abəli had The limit for resumption of personal culti tion which was fixed a 100 tan-ard acres or 200 ordinary acres has not been reduced to 30 tandard icres Or 60 ordinary As a temporan exception in the case of certain categories acres

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·134 PROGRESS REPORT 1951 53 Hyderabad 11 A Bill proposing several far reaching amendments to the Hyderabad Tenancy and Agricultural Lands Act 1950 has been recently introduced in the State Legislature Amongst other clauses the Bill provides for the laying down of standards for efficient culti vation and management assumption of management by the Govern ment of holdings in excess of 41 times of the family holding in cases in which the land is not so efliciently cultivated and managed that a breat up might lead to a fall in production and for power to assume the management of land for a public purpose which might include settlement of landless culty ators development of cooperative organizations and increasing the efficiency of management Madhya Bharat 12 The Zamındari Abolition Act passed by the State Legislature came into operation in October 1951 Work relating to the deter mination of compensation has been in progress and the payment of interim compensation is shortly expected In areas in which zamındars were formerly responsible for the collection of revenue the necessary arrangements for the preparation of land records and collection of State dues etc have now been made along the same lines as prevail in the ryotuarı parts of the State On account of legal issues which have arisen and are pending for consideration there has been no progress in the implementation of the Abolition of Jagirs Act which came into force in December 1951 As regards tenances the tenants of hhud hasht lands of zamin dar (lands reserved for their personal cultivation) have been given a right of occupancy and the sub tenants have been given the right to purchase their holdings PEPSU 13 Legislation for sesting proprietary nights in occupancy tenants and for giving enhanced rights to tenants at will has been prepared and as shortly expected to be enacted Rajasthan 14 During the past three years the effect of various pieces of lego 17'100 hich have been enacted has been to modify substantially Rannsthans feudal agrarian structure The Rajasthan Land Reforms ard Pe motion of Jacirs Ac 1932 provided for the re umption of me of Rv000 or more 11th the exced in of i gir util d for the maintenance of places of religious 1 orst ip for the performance of religious service Provision was also mtu

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·134 PROGRESS REPORT 1951 53 Hyderabad 11 A Bill proposing several far reaching amendments to the Hyderabad Tenancy and Agricultural Lands Act 1950 has been recently introduced in the State Legislature Amongst other clauses the Bill provides for the laying down of standards for efficient culti vation and management assumption of management by the Goiern ment of holdings in excess of 41 times of the family holding in cases in which the land is not so efficiently cultivated and managed that a breakup might lead to a fall in production and for power to assume the management of land for a public purpose which might include settlement of landless cultivators development of co-operative organizations and increasing the efficiency of management Madhya Bharat 12 The Zamındari Abolition Act passed by the State Legislature came into operation in October 1951 Work relating to the deter mination of compensation has been in progress and the payment of interim compensation is shortly expected In areas in which zamindars vere formerly responsible for the collection of revenue the necessary arrangements for the preparation of land records and collection of State dues etc have now been made along the same lines as prevail in the ryotwarı parts of the State On account of legal issues which have arisen and are pending for consideration there has been no progress in the implementation of *he Abolition of Jagirs Act which came into force in December 1951 As regards tenancies the tenants of Khud Kasht lands of zamın dar (lands re eried for their personal cultivation) have been guen a right of occupancy and the sub tenants have been given the right to purchase their holdings PEPSU 13 Legislation for testing proprietary rights in occupancy tenants and for giving enhanced rights to tenants at will has been prepared and is shortly expected to be enacted Rajasthan 14 During the past three years the effect of various pieces of legi tation shich have been enacted has been to modify substantially Rajsthans feudal agrarian 5 ructure The Rajasthan Land Rcforms ard Rc 02 ion of J 15 4c 19,2 provided for the resumption of nu innan 501) or more with the menino -611, utili d to the main enance of places of religious Torship for the purformanct of religious service Provision was also farmin one

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·136 PROGRESS REPORT 1951 53 Ajmer 18 About tuto thirds of the area of thi State i held under the istimrarı tenure hien is ahın to the permanent settlement of Bihar and West Bengal Legislation is under the consideration of the State Government Under the Ajmer Tenancy and Land Reforms Act pa sed in 1950 rights equivalent to those of occupancy tenants Here conferred upon non occupancy tenants and ren s payable by various classes of tenants were reduced Bhopal 19 Legislation for the abolition of jagırdarı estates in Bhopal is shortly expected to be introduced in the State legislature Legisla tion preventing ejectment of tenants of jgirdars has been recently passed The State Government has a special programme for the allotment of land to landless sections of the population and during the past year about 15 000 acres of land have been allotted to scheduled ca tes and tribe and about 5 000 acres to the former employees of the State who were thrown out of employment As far as possible these allotments are worked through co-operative societies. Delhi 20 Comprehensive land reforms legislat on is at present under consideration Himachal Pradesh 21 The Himachal Prade h Abolition of Bg Landed Estates and Land Reforms Bill is at present under the consideration of the State Legislature Vindhya Pradesh 22 The Vindhya Pradesh Abolition of Jagirs and Land Reforms Bill 1 hich has recently been passed by the State legisiature is now awaiting the consent of the President This legislation secures the rights of tenants in jagir lands including Sir lands BHOODAN YAGNA 23 An important des clopment during 1952 has been the Bhoodan Yagna movement which has created widespread interest and is receiv ing considerable support from political parties as well as from State Governments Legislation for the proper allotment and management of lands given in gift has been enacted in Uttar Pradesh Special Bills for the purpose have been drain up in Orissa Madhva Pradesh and I ladhya Bharat and in Hyderabad and Vindhya Pradesh exccu tive instructions have been issued ·Committee for Land Reforms consisting of 44 LAND REFORM FURTHER LINES OF WORK 24 It will be seen from the short review of actico Governments during the past two years which has be chapter that in two directions rapid progress! namely (1) abolition of intermediaries and space (2) grant of enhanced rights for tenants In su which neu revenue agencies have to be extub he place of zamindars and jagirdars prozes ciently rapid and the administrative problem need and sustained attention During 1953 54 the prcb holdings which are managed directly by their na careful consideration with a view to implementing tions made in this behalf in the Five Year Plan. Lam States enables tenants to purchase their holding. - spread over a series of years 1 his may not be provision of adequate credit facilities for the partono specially organised Another aspect winch na parte sis is the development of cooperative farmız * Bombay where 233 co-operative farming isang engaged in cultivating 70 024 acres experiments in co-operative farming in Mad elsewhere will furni h useful guidance 25 Following the recommendations in a special Division for Land Refoins Studie Planning Commission This unit will ork Ministry of Food and Agriculture and under as and the Union Ministers of Food and Among ·CHAPTEP IX 1 PUBLIC CO OPERATION AND PUBLIC PARTICIPATION PUBLIC CO-OPERATION and public opinion were described in the Five Year Plan as the principal force and sanction behind planning Since the plan in its final form was approved by Parliament only in December 1952 and work in the community projects did not begin until October 1952 active steps to organise public co operation for schemes involving local effort are a comparatively recent development. Public co-operation in national development has to be viewed as a movement of which we see as yet only the beginnings The idea of public co-operation is an all embracing one and implies at once at each level of national hfe new ways of functioning on the part of the Governmental agencies non-official orga duals as well as the uth of a common outlook problems 2 During the past year and more especial of the final report on the Plan the follou n particular attention (1) organization of the Bharat S (2) organization of voluntary wel (3) organization of local works (4) participation of women in t (5) public participation in From the administrative point of (1) the attempt now being made to and local plans and (2) proposals lopment administration in the d National Extension Service and inunits projects recent months to explain and 3 The Central Board of presented a revict of its act National Adsory Committee Sewak Sumay came into b mecting of the National Advisos months the Sama) has complet 1 or} ind is now in a fair pos! political national platform throi undertake constructie acti To these may ·PUBLIC CO-OPERATION AND PUBLIC PARTICIPATION 139 4 The Five Year Plan provided for three important financial allo cations for public programmes namely (1) Rs 4 crores by way of assistance to voluntary social welfare organisations (tr) Rs 1 crore for organising youth camps and labour service for students and (111) Rs 15 crores for local works programmes involving local contribu tions by way of labour and money Thc Central Government proposes shortly to constitute a Central Social Welfare Board with the following functions (1) to cause a survey to be made of the needs and requirements of social welfare organizations (2) to sanction grants-in aid to deserving organizations to be prescribed by the Board (3) to evaluate the programmes and projects of the aided agencies and (4) to co-ordinate assistance extended to social welfare activities by the Central and State Governments By way of preparation for the Boards work the Social Welfare Section of the Planning Commission has already initiated a survey þf the activities of voluntary social welfare organisations 5 The Ministry of Education who will be concerned primarily with the organization of labour service for students are engaged in the preparation of a suitable scheme in consultation with the State Education Departments and the Universities The objects of this programme are (1) to inculcate the dignity of manual labour (11) to provide during the formative years a period of disciplined national Fervice and (111) to bring home to students intellectual and emo- Lional awareness of the national effort embodied in the Plan There has been already widespread and encouraging response from student groups for participation in various developmental programmes and it is anticipated that through such programmes the student com munity all over the country and the educational institutions to which they belong will make a steadily increasing contribution towards national reconstruction 6 Another recent development which offers both promise and encouragement is the increasing participation of women in develop ment programmes and in particular in the small savings movement Between March 15 to 21 1953 womens organisations organised a pecial effort to raise small sayings This effort met with consider able success and it is proposed now to extend it to about 100 centres 7 Local works programmes for which Rs 3 crores have been pro vided in the budget for 1953 54 are intended to draw forth local ditiative and resources and to diffuse interest in the Plan as widely ·CHAPTER IX PUBLIC CO OPERATION AND PUBLIC PARTICIPATION PUBLIC CO-OPERATION and public opinion were described in the Five Year Plan as the principal force and sanction behind planning Since the Plan in its final form was approved by Parliament only in December 1952 and work in the community projects did not begin until October 1952 active steps to organise public co-operation for schemes involving local effort are a comparatively recent development Public co-operation in national development has to be viewed as a movement of which we see as yet only the beginnings The idea of public co-operation is an all embracing one and implies at once at each level of national life new ways of functioning on the part of the Governmental agencies non-official organizations and indivi duals as well as the growth of a common outlook upon common problems 2 During the past year and more especially since the publication of the final report on the Plan the following aspects have received particular attention (1) organization of the Bharat Sewak Samaj (2) organization of voluntary welfare programmes (3) organization of local works programmes (4) participation of women in the small savings campaign and (5) public participation in community projects From the administrative point of view two new developments are (1) the attempt nou being made to break up State plans into district and local plans and (2) proposals for changing the character of descu lopment administration in the district through the organization of a National Extension Service and expansion of the programme of com munity projects to these may also be added measures taken in recent months to explain and popularize the Plan, 3 The Central Board of the Bharat Sewah Sama) recently presented a review of its activities to the Planning Commissions National Advisory Committee for pubhc Co-operation The Bharat Seu nk Samaj came into being in August 19.2 following the first meeting of the National Advisory Committee During the past nine months the Sama) has completed much of its organizational Irama work and is now in : fair position to sene as a common and non political national platform through which individuals or groups can undertale constructive activities ·URES Under the Plan-Centre and States (R3 lakhs) STATES Progress of Expenditure 1952 53 (Revised) Five years Total 1951-56 1951 52 (Actuals) 1953 54 (Budget) 6 7 8 9 2059 5 483 12490 0 23 0 2179 2203 4 286 0 2816 5 114 3 9694 93 6 660 2 81 2 82 0 48 9 IIS 4 164 5 106 3 69 1 197 1 484 1567 412 6 1047 1 2635 3 8629 3026 4 17398 8 3699 6 605 1 2148 4 4753 5 3481 7 5601 6011 8 3022 3 6721 9 167697 12754 O 29523 7 1620 4 1948 8 7763 6 11?5 7 78 0 262 2 121 I 896 9 12 I 27 0 TOZ 4 6 2 expenditure for 1952-53 (Revised) and 1953 54 (Budget) do not, however od de expend of Transport The allocat on ander the Plad s Red 216 bite. 143 ·PROGRESS REPORT 1951 53 Statement I Progress of Development Expenditure CENTRAL GOVERNMENT Head of Development Five years Progress of Expenditure 1952 53 1953 54 (Revised) (Budget) 1951 5. (Actuals) total 1951-56 2 3 4 S 695 0 13 0 674 0 18 o 1041 0 100 0 12604 0 1500 O IV Industry- Large scale Industr es Cottage and Small scale In dustr os Sc entific and Industrial Re search M ncral Development TOTAL 85 o 108 o 78 0 461 0 IO 80 808 o 23 O 1242 O 106 0 14671 0 794 O Soal Service Education Ilealth Ilousing Labour and Labour Welfare Welfare of Backward Classes and Scheduled Casies and tr bes TOTAL ISO O 90 168 0 460 333 0 75 O 200 0 80 o 486 O 3340 984 0 78 0 170 0 3902 O 1787 0 3850 o 397 0 700 O 373 a 688 0 2052 O VI Rchab 1 tation 10636 0 8500 o 2866 0 2638 0 2270 O VII Works and Bu ld ng 22 o 106 o 203 0 I1O2 O 76 o 103 O VIII r nance M n stry Schemes North Cast Front cr Agency? 174 0 490 0 IO O 18 o 40 O 300 0 Andamang 94 0 383 0 Loans to Corporations Musccllancous 1200 O KII 600 o GRAND TOTAL 13352 0 16539 0 23688 0 124054 0 This in add tion to grants under Ast 275(1) of the Constitut on amounting Ixpend turc on roads in the North East Front of Agency is shown under ·ANNEXURES 14u Under the Plan-Centre and States---concld (Rs lakhs STATES Pogress of Expenditure Five years total 1951 52 (Actuals) 195 53 (Revised) 1953 54 (Budget) 1951-56 6 7 8 9 249 3 448 9 414 7 142 8 1434 6 1187 218 3 1181 S 3680 557 S 667 2 2616 1 OS2 3 11637 1235 6 8224 3 18927 1182 o III 6 30 2 339 0 23861 1484 3 274 O 35 8 518 0 348 4 38 434 4 1031 6 294 3 2186 S 4109 5 3555 $ 4698 23374 4 258 4 4029 114 a 267 9 176133 8 SI 157 4 8 12800 1 to Rs 9 crores a tħe per od 1951–56 which ar not shown as part of the place Roads ·PROGRESS REPORT 1951 53 Statement 11 --Progress of Development Expenditure in States (a) By HEADS OF DEVELOPATENT (R$ Lakhs) Head of Development Progress of Expenditure 1957 52 1952 53 1953 54 (Actuals) (Revised) (Budget) rive Years total 1951 56 1 2 3 5 2059 S 124 8 Agriculture Animal Husbandry Dasying and Muk Supply Porests Co-operauon Filbenes Rural Development 2232 0 344 3 738 114 3 93 6 484 156 7 2203 4 180 7 10$ 3 164 S 123 5 81 2 82 a 489 175 4 124900 2035 5 787 0 969 4 660 2 412 6 1047 1 1063 69 1 197 1 TOTAL 2635 3 28629 3026 4 17398 8 I Igation Projects Power Projects 2605 1 21484 3481 7 2560 1 36996 3022 3 167697 12754 O TOTAL 4753 5 6042 8 6721 9 29523 7 Cottage Zadustries Other Industrica 1187 142 8 1181 5 249 3 414 7 218 3 448 9 667 2 1434 6 TOTAL 368 557 S 2616 % Road) Road Transport Ports and Harbour 77636 1135 7 78 0 62 1620 4 262 2 12 Z 1948 8 121 1 27 O 896 9 102 4 TOTAL 1219 9 1894 7 20969 8762 9 1892 7 688 4 11637 7 42747 Education Mariscal Public Health Housing Labour and Labour Welfare Welfare of Backward Classes 93 6 III 6 30 2 339 2052 3 6499 585 7 348 4 38 8 434 4 2386 2 8034 6807 374 0 35 B SIB 3949 6 1031 6 294 3 33863 TOTAL 35553 4109 S 4698 23374 4 MISCELLANEOUS 2679 2884 4039 35483 GRAND TOTAL 12500 1 $5724 8 17613 3 82&zt 2 ·ANNEXVRES 147 Statement II ---Progress of Development Expenditure in States (6)]BY STATES (Rs Lakhs) Progress of Expenditure State 1951 52 1952 53 1953 54 (Actuals) (Revised) (Budget) Five Years total 1951 $6 I 2 3 4 s Assam Bihar Bombay Madhya Pradesh Madras Orissa Punjab Uttar Pradesh West Bengal 1184 1372 2 2304 7 705 7 2699 5 279 I 275 3 1599 3 IOTS 6 234 2 1197 4 2905 9 849 1 2826 8 325 0 378 0 1356 4 3085 9 1038 6 2431 5 427 3 628 3 2426 1 1473 5 1749 2 5729 1 14643 3 4308 2 14084 1 1784 2 2020 7 9782 3 6909 7 502 8 2152 4 1407 8 TOTAL-A STATES 10369 8 12401 4 13245 6 61010 8 4155 0 748 4 267 0 781 8 404 0 5809 611 3 2240 3660 2 Hyderabad Madhya Bharat Mysore PEPSU Rajasthan Saurashtra Travancore Cochin 658 9 163 2 527 I 59 1 213 2 192 5 407 S 10. 8 2526 814 6 1681 4 239 8 337 8 525 I 357 7 446 9 554 8 2040 9 3731 9 2221 3378 7 17324 0 TOTAL-'B STATES 2334 2 128 9 75 9 270 2 1300 O Jammu and Kashrnir 14 8 66 8 ID 8 IOS 32 2 21 6 2 32 2 10 O 10 6 Ajmer Bhopal Bilaspur Coorg Delhi Himachal Pradesh Kutch Manipur Tnpura Vindhya Pradesh 157 3 389 9 57 ! 73 O 748 0 30 7 728 6 25 2 20 8 62 7 1493 89 6 43 3 50 3 4 3 483 42 S 61 4 168 14 7 79 9 434 6 303 3 So 154 8 207 3 639 2 118 7 132 9 360 3 718 8 31864 TOTAL--C STATES 12800 1 GRAND TOTAL 15724 8 1761) 3 ·148 PROGRESS REPORT 1951 53 Statement III -Progress of Development Expenditure in States ASSAM (R$ lakh) Progress of Expenditure H ad of Development 1951 $2 1952 353 1953 54 (Actuals) (Rev sed) (Budget) Piye years total 1951 36 2 3 4 3 30 3 37 S 38 276 1 13 S I 6 20 2 2 I Agriculture 2 An mal Husbandry 3 D3 ) ng and M Ik Supply 4 Forests 3 Co-operat on 6 Fish ries Rural Development 4 6 S 6 56 36 3 29 3 60 08 I 2 IO 13 4 21 2 17 7 39 3 I AURICLITURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT S07 67 5 65 O 399 3 IL 6 Irr gat on Projects 2 Power Pojects 41 8 75 6 200 O 04 19 2 54 8 83 0 11 MAJOR IRRIGITION AND POWER PRO JECTS 61 o 130 4 2830 I Cottage Industr es 2 Other Industr es 12 S 12 5 III INDUSTRY 25 O 20 o 213 O 1 Roads 2 Road Transport 3 Ports and Harbours 17 8 18 6 64 10 4 319 IV TRANSPORT 64 30 4 36 4 244 9 TO 7 18 3 13 17 3 14 13 2 19 6 21 89 9 173 S 17 8 + Education 2 Medical 3 Publc Health 4 Yous ng < Lahour and Labour Welfare 6 Welfare of Backward Classes SOCIAL SERIES 60 sog 6 190 45 2 JIT 3 493 73 3 146 2 796 8 GRAND TOTAL 1184 234 2 378 0 1749 3 ·> total - 329 6 12 5 16 I 36 3 reyrar TOYI$ion for civil work is included under various he ANNEXURES 149 Statement III --Progress of Development Expenditure in States--contd BIHAR (R3 lakhs) Progress of expend fire Ive Head of Development 1951 195 53 1953 54 jes s (A tuals) (Rev s d) (Budget) 1951 $6 1 2 3 4 5 1 Agr culture OI 6 213 9 1 84 3 2' An mal Husbandry 12 3 92 5 3 Da ry ng and M IL Supply 04 03 O 3 IS 4 For sts 22 3 16 1 17 3 125 O 5 Co-opera ion S 3 53 52 39 0 6 Fsher es I 4 IS 26 JO 6 7 Rural De elopment I 4 IO 124 7 T, AGRICULTURE AND TURAL DEVELOPMENT 383 7 58 3 291 7 1677 I Ir gat Projects 233 3 33 0 973 3 8 2 Pou Ps) cts 130 231 2 708 7 Soa 464 169 0 II MAJOR IRRIGATION AND POWER Proucrs 4 4 16 2 I Cottage Indust es 59 2 2 O 46 2 Other Industr es 275 60 C 64 38 8 43 119 IIT INDUSTRY 1924 215 2 IR ads 2 Rad Transport 3 Ports and Harbours 192 4 215 2 284 TV TRANSPORT 16 о 79 9 107 4 SO 90 7 80 5 60 403 9 63 1 63 8 77 T 196 o so 40 o 30 o 1OO O * 9 36 3 3 20 0 35 0 39 8 44 2 160 0 357 7 30- 6 124 1450 ) 182 0 170 60 1372 2 11974 13( 4 57291 167 8 3635 228 4 SCO 800 o 1 Flucat on Med cal 3 Publc Health 4 Hous ng 5 Labour and Labour Welfare 6 Welfare of Backward Classes V SOCIAL SERVICES VI MISCELLANTOUS 'QUYIL WORKS) Grad TOTAL i of der Inent ·150 PROGRESS REPORT 1951 53 Statement III ---Progress of Development Expenditure in States--contd BOMBAY (Rs. lakha) Progress of Expenditure Head of Development Rive year! total 1951 36 1951 $2 1952 53 1953 54 (Actuals) (Revised) (Budget) I 2 3 4 S 1748 4 341 1 22 7 354 4 14 8 166 9 258 5 25 1 107 2 83 SI 4 I Agriculture Animal Husbandry 3 Dasrying and Milk Supply 4 Forsts $ Co operation 6 Tisheries 7 Rural Development 86 8 17 3 7 3 21 7 602 1 83 8 123 2 16 0 20 2 22 6 20 ID 15 8 28 0 18 9 131 5 I ACRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT 437 I 478 0 506 2871 9 468 7 ! Irrimation Projects 2 Power Projects 232 5 253 0 226 7 310 O 2269 0 1043 0 341 S 11 MAJOR IRRIGATION AND POWER PRO JECTS 485 5 536 7 810 2 3312 0 TOS 1 Cottage Industries 2 Other Industries II 3 19 4 TO3O 27 S3 I 20 4 250 6 IIT INDUSTRY 13 2 64 4 39 8 353 6 1 Roads 173 2 430 8 435 3 11636 1669 2 Road Transport 3 Ports and Harbours 200 o O2 14 63 23 o IV TRANSPORT 173 4 599 I 441 8 Y388 6 971 8 907 4 113 9 33 6 1 Education 2. Adical 3 Public Health 4 Housing $ Labour and Labour Welfare 6 Welfare of Backward Classes 1009 2 85 142 6 127 3 133 0 4632 536 4 11167 77 3 141 3 419 IO O 88 13 2 88 36 8 34 2 31 9 213 6 V SOCIAL SERVICES 1195 6 1227 7 1288 O GRAND TOTAL 67177 14643 3 2304 7 2905 9 30859 ·ANNEXORES 161 Statement III - Progress of Development Expenditure in States-contd MADHYA PRADESH (Rs lakhs) Progress of Expenditure Head of Development 1957 52 1952 33 1953 54 (Actuals) (Revised) (Budget) F11c vers total 1951 56 1 2 3 4 S 268 3 1005 S 203 14 8 194 328 8 15 7 67 78 59 1 Agriculture 2 Animal Husbandry 3 Dairyog And Milk Supply 4. Forests 3 Cooperation 6 Fiberies 7 Rural Development 64 98 8 36 ) 40 8 28 8 79 96 I 9 2 I 08 10 58 74 14 I IZ 4 165 9 1 AORICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT 242 2 376 o 319 3 1382 S 10 2 45 I 308 o Irrigation Projects 2 Power Projects 13 3 110 O 148 2 140 O 600 o 1584 123 3 189 1 908 II MAJOR IRRIGATION AND POWER PRO- JECTS I Cottage Industries 2 Other Industries 18 05 62 7 24 133 6 72 6 92 226 2 III INDUSTRY 63 2 74 4 136 0 235 4 SI 2 St 6 200 O 1 Roads 2 Road Transport 3 Ports Kad Harbour SI IV TRANSPORT SI 2 51 6 200 O 108 8 64 6 122 6 $4 7 13 8 01 21 4 604 35 2 1 Education 2. Medicat 3. Public Health 4. Housing s Labour Led Labour Welfare 6. Welfare of Backend Classes 1079 3 267 9 78 2 20 0 93 02 38 3 141 33 0 136 4 1968 214 2 346 6 1582 3 V SOCIAL SEYCES GRAND TOTAL 708 7 10386 4308 ·152 PROGRESS RLPORT 1951 53 Statement III --Progress of Development Expenditure in States-contd MADRAS 1 (Rs lakhs) Progress of Expenditure Head of Development 1951 52 195 53 1953 54 (Actuals) (Revised) (Budget) Five years total 1951 36 I 2 3 4 5 274 0 211 O 1393 7 Agriculture 2 Anual Husbandry 3 Darrying and Milk Supply 276 o 18 8 19 2 172 TOO O 3 S 79 2 2 500 4 Forests 3 3 38 8 41 61 47 84 30 100 O $ Cooperation 6 Fisheries 7 Rural Development 176 12 2 XI 8 TOO O 22 3 27 O 30 4 2000 I AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT 346 8 3550 278 9 2182 S 869 1 612 7 1 Ιπιgation Projects 2 Power Projects 963 0 800 0 8069 3408 o 5024 0 927 1 II ALAJOR IRRIGATION AND POWER PRO JECTS 1676 0 1763 0 1539 8 8432 0 16 0 16 O I Cottage Industries 2 Other Industries 14 5 41 8 116 9 85 I 36 8 64 0 III INDUSTRY 52 8 80 0 56 3 202 O I Roads 142 0 IIS O 66 S SOO O 2. Road Transport 3 Ports and Harbours 4 IV TRANSPORT 142 0 IIS O 66 5 300 O 1029 121 6 125 9 800 0 44 3 78 31 1 Education 2. M dical 3 Public Health 4 Hou ing Labour and Labour Welfare 6 cfare of Backward Classes 57 3 139 1 394 139 8 3000 900 3000 96 o 62 4 76 2 123 2 131 9 127 4 4676 V Socat, Sevices 513 8 49010 27676 481 9 2699 5 G84. D TOTAL 2826 8 2431 S 14084 1 ·153 ANNEXURES Statement III -Progress of Development Expenditure ni States-contd. ORISSA (Rs lakhs) Head of Development Progress of Expenditure I'ive years 1951 52 1952 53 1953 54 total (Actuals) (Revised) (Budget) 1951 56 1 z 3 4 5 90 SI 28 4 205 S 5. 8 7I 11 8 9 S IS 15 I 7 9 Z I Agriculture 2 Animal Husbandry 3 Dairying and Milk Supply 4 Forests 5 Co-operation 6 Fisheries 7 Rural Development II I 4 ZO 13 2 28 9 4 3 84 S2 6 I 59 58 I 6 33 4 I 3 14 10 C 1 AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT 527 SOS 57 2 35 9 700 300 O I Irrigation Projects 2 Power Projects 71 5 586 73 7 124 0 391 0 130 1 143 7 184 0 691 0 II MAJOR IRRIGATION AND POWER PRO JECTS 4 o 4 O 27 6 I Cottage Industries 2 Other Industries 3 3 26 27 3 2 65 3 59 67 99 III INDUSTRY 89 15 9 39 8 200 O 1 Roads Road Transport 97 18 o 20 O IO 3 Ports and Hrbours II 3 25 6 57 8 IO IV TRANSPORT 34 9 14 0 75 34 S 14 6 19 SO 4 199 19 7 79 78 7 1 Educat on 2 Mied cal 3 Public He Ith 4 Housing 5 Labour and Labour elf te 6 Welfare of Bachard Classes 6 19 04 21 6 04 91 29 7 116 4 784 97 8 103 422 9 07 07 35 V SOCIAL SERVICES MISCELLANEOUS GRAND 1 OTAI 3340 473 1 84 ·PROGRESS REPORT 1951 53 Statement 111 --Progress of Development Expenditure 17 States-contd 5 PUNJAB (R$ lakhs) Progress of Expenditure Head of Development Five years total 1957 56 1951 32 1952 53 1953 54 (Actuals) (Revised} (Budget) 3 4 3 3 538 588 210 3 ! 56 5 37 37 63 2 4. Agriculture Animal Husbandry 3 Dairying and Muk Supply 4 Forests 5 Co-operation 6 Fisheries 29 18 O 32 37 8 2 3 2 2 22 6 2 7 Rural Development ند AGRICULTURE AVD Rusual DEVELOPMENT 63 0 64 4 70 62 5 68 6 118 7 107 9 1 Irrigation Projects 2 Power Projects 326 2 38 2 2 63 1 2 2 10 O 11 74 1309 117 9 364 4 I A11202 IRRIGATION AND POWER PROJECTS i Cortage Industries 2 Orher Industries 66 73 11 1 48 I 15 5 HE INDUSTRY S8 93 636 1 17 8 29 19 5 75 1 Roads Road Transport 3 Ports and 1st bours IY TRANSPORT 178 22 9 19 5 75 1 1 19 4 29 3 1180 73 9 136 137 36 $9 & 50 ? * Education Metal 3 Public Health 4 Housing 5 Labour and Labour Welfare 6 Welfare of Duckward Classes 30 O 2 1 B SOAL SERTIES 32 6 523 33 0 2551 VISCELLANEOUS 78 223 0 3000 o ** GAND "Torat -75 3 302 8 629 3 ·1d) ANNEXURES Statement 111 --Progress of Development Expenditure in States--contd UTTAR PRADESH (Rs takl ) Progress of Expenditure Head of Development 1951 52 195 53 1953 54 (Actuals) (Revi ed) (Budget) Five year total 1051 56 1 3 4 346 1 381 2 II 4 396 o 18 1 20959 32 134 I 4 4 SO 2 z 20 6 I Agriculture Animal Husbandry 3 Dairying and Mill Supply 4 Forests Co-operation 6 Fisheries Rural Development 26 2 33 6 12 9 25 3 -56 26 2 165 2 1307 62 08 T8 I AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT 435 4 471 6 442 0 2552 7 216 9 444 3 463 5 1912 a 1 Irrigation Projects 2 Power Projects 225 9 318 7 443 8 1411 O II MAJOR IRRIGATION AND Power PROJECTS 442 8 763 0 907 3 33232 301 S I Cottage Industries % Other Industries 553 53 3 S7 3 80 O 64 3 132 2807 III INDUSTRY 108 6 137 3 1968 582 3 133 3 $2% 2 1 Roads 2 Road Transport 3 Ports and Harbours 148 2 29 8 238 7 32 5 37 3 120 0 1780 164 6 271 - IV TRANSPORT 642 2 303 0 16039 351 1 75 1 509 360 2 76 2 61 I 350 O 2461 19 9 1 Education Med cat 3 Publi Health 4 Houng S Labour and Labour Welfare 6 Welfare of Backward asses 35 3 76 7 T45 2 181 I 2 39 0 21 5 508 IOI S 42 S 365 235 $ 434 S 615 9 608 8 26823 V SOCIAL SERVICES GRAND TOTAL 1999 3 152 4 24261 9782 3 ·166 PROGRESS REPORT 1951 53 Statement III - Progress of Development Expenditure in States-contd TEST BENGAL (X$ Jakas) Head of Development Progress of Expend ture Five Years 1991 SZ 1952 53 1953 54 total (Actvals) (Revised) (Budget) 1951 $6 5 2 3 $ Y32 1 688 15 S TOS 20 S 07 1 Agr culture An mal Etusbandry * Da rymg and fuk Surply 4 Forests 5 Co-operation 6 F her cs 7 Rural Development 07 28 9 SQ O 28 8 76 IZ O 13 3 577 154 S 23 06 O 3 I AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT 108 179 9 $858 1949 7 3901 398 7 Ir gat on Projects Power Projects 33 MAJOR TRRIGATION AND POWER PROJECTS 4170 17 0 1537 S 75 B SO 32 2 15 2 4309 490 36936 1 Cottage Industr es 2 Other Industt cs S8 68 74 3 68 730 til INOLSTXY 126 2% 4 88 8 1187 212 6 Roads . Rosd Transport 3 Ports and Harbour 273 2 32 6 393 25 S 13851 1903 IV TZANTORT 305 8 1575 6 Sog. 1 Edumal on * Medal 3 Publclleslih Hous ag « Ubour and Lataus We 1310 slfare of Bucks and C# 1863 112 O 173 9 4 9 417 130 S QI O 196 93 136 1 O3 4 646 113 3021 7 34 $ 3 V SOCIAL SERVICES 370 % 415 8 2554 7 GRAYD TOTAL 2013 6 1407 8 6909 7 ·ANNEXURES 15" Statement III --Progress of Development Expenditure in States-contd HYDERABAD (Rs Jakhs) Progress of Expend ture Fre Years Head of Development 1951 52 1952 53 1953 54 (Actuals) (Rev sed) (Budget) total 1951 56 3 4 5 50 9 45 4 346 4 540 18 15 49 6 O 3 17 20 08 4 3 21 4 I Agr culture 2 An mal Husbandry 3 Da rying and M Ik Supply 4 Forests 5 Co-operation 6 Fsher es 7 Rural Development 34 34 4 7 1 7 35 3 8 6 I 7 17 I AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT 63 - 58 3 60 S 463 0 400 2 1 Irr gat on Projects 1 Power Projects 440 3 83 4 476 5 96 0 2479 0 329 5 SO4 450 6 523 7 572 5 II MAJOR IRRIGATION AND POWER PROJECTS 3799 6 30 4 3 S 2 25 I Cottage Industr er 2 Other Industr es 70 O 72 7 27 7 268 7 73 O 77 0 32 9 294 4 III INDUSTRY 300 28 1 128 6 I Roads 2 Road Transport 3 Ports and Harbourg 2 O 30 O 81 186 IV TRANSPORT 27 6 6 2 18 6 53 24 0 78 $2 3 25 S IO O 263 S 11 7 89 2 I Educat on 2 Md cal 3 Publ cliealth 4 Hous ng s Labour and labour Welfare 6 Welf te of B dward Cases SO I $94 87 8 469 4 V SOCIAL SERVICES 6589 GRAND TOTAL 7484 -91 8 41550 ·153 PROGRESS REPORT 1951 53 Statement Ill --Progress of Development Expenditure 17 Statesm.contd MADHYA BHARAT (R3 lakhs) Progress of Expenditure Head of Development F ve Year tot 21 1956 56 Actuals, kaised) Bulces > 2 3 4 5 20 9 750 o 39 9 8 IS 77 10 1 Agnculrore 3 Animal Husbandry 3 Da rysg and Mis Supply 4 Torests 5 Co-operation 6 Fsheries ✓ Rural Devclopment 04 O 6 SS3 77 14 24 0 09 9 o 53 126 299 60 1 AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOX MEXT 28 $ 66 6 163 943 29 0 36 1 Irr gation Projecte 2 Power Projects 49 S 65 6 328 28 0 44 0 98 6 11 MAJOR IRRIGATION AND POWER Pro- SECTS 73 129 6 115 ? 556 Cotuge Industries 2 Other Ioduttrict 04 72 SO 39 3 06 III INDUSTYY 04 1 8 ९० 14 Z 20 7 4 7 1890 I Roads Road Transport 3 Port and Hasbours IV TRANSPORT 142 07 42 7 189 0 SO $6 37 8 200 O 13 O 21 7 77 0 7 Edocht on 2 Medal 3 Publ slicalch + Mod DB s Labour and Labour Welfare 6. Welfart of Backwed Classes 30 S 18 6 35 325 121 2 O 3 20 OT 02 07 4 4 28 V SOCIAL SERIES 47 I 489 1121 197 GRAND TOTAL 163 2 267 O 200 ·169 ANNEXURES Statement III -Progress of Development Expenditure in States--contd MYSORE (Rs lakhs) Progress of Expend tu e Head of Development 1951 52 1952 53 1953 54 (Actu 1s) (Rev sed) (Budget) F ve Years total 1951 56 2 3 4 5 109 1 98 0 87 6 88 443 O 538 95 12 S I Agriculture 2 An nial Husbandry 3 Dairy ng and M Ik Supply 4 Forests s Co-operat on 6 Fisher es 7 Rural Development 14 IS O 83 I 7 14 I 3 05 96 OS O4 16 6 2 2 57 81 1 I AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT 138 0 T20 4 1097 595 5 87 5 139 7 118 9 215 O 716 0 12680 190 6 150 O 1 I rigation Projects Power Projects II MAJOR IRRIGATION AND PONER PRO JECTS 278 1 333 9 289 7 1984 0 73 75 IS O I Cottage Industr es 2 Othe Indust es 135 3 34 8 3 S 75 IIS III INDUSTRI ID 6 15 0 26 s 170 1 42 9 63 1 73 4 3 OI I Roads 2 Road Transport 3 I orts and Harbours IV TRANSPORT 42 9 63 1 73 4 1 Idulat on 188 68 37 8 68 S 8 93 225 7 56 $ 1583 50 O 14 o 178 13 5 95 2 Md cal 3 Pubic Health 4 Hous ng s Labou and Labour Welfare r Welfare of Bach wad Cl sos 17 9 19 O 21 O 100 O 37 S 78 9 81 6 SOCIAL SER IS 590 S GRAND TOTAL 5 71 611 3 $80 9 3660 2 ·PROGRESS REPORT 1951 53 Statement III --Progress of Development Expenditure m States-contd PEPSU (Rs lakhs) Head of Development Progress of Expend tur 1951 s 1932 33 1953 54 (Actuals) (Revised) (Budget) Five 456 total 1991 56 5 2 3 4 5 39 $0 $ 335 2 134 4 19 04 100 2 Agriculture Anual Elusbandry 3 Dang and I lk Supply 4 l'orests < Cooperation het os Rural Dev lopment OS YOS 43 6 6 ISO OS 4 I AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT 400 563 149 9 405 2 63 IS 340 ! Ir gation Projects ? Pouer Projects 35 t 5 30 6 11 Alajar IRRIGATION AND POWER PROJECTS 13 & 27 S 64 6 04 I Corrage Indust of Other Industries OS 66 $ 73 IlI INDUSTRY ३३ 71 31 7 94 19 9 95 1 1 Rads * Road Transport 3 Pori and I arbour 11 TRANSPORT 94 7 9 19 9 95 s 1 rducat on 12 O Vied cal 63 o 87 12 3 S8 76 SSO 3 Publc finalih 4 fusing $ Labour en Lubxwr Fellate 6 Welfare of Bantuan Classes 04 7 $$ 24 20 o | SoCal Services $1 23 5 287 @ GRAND TOTAL 59 1 1948 B:4 6 ·ANNEXURES 161 Statement 111 Progress of Development Expenditure in States-contd RAJASTHAN (Rs 1 kha) Progress of Expend ture F ve years total 1951 56 Head of Development 1951 52 1952 53 1953 54 (Actuals) (Rev sed) (Budget) I 2 3 4 $ 8 2 29 3 2.0 109. 1 Agt culture 18 3 2 An mal Husbandry 3 Da rying and Milk Supply 4 Forests 21 S 03 06 06 30 s Co operation 6 F sheries 20 19 2 3 15 O 7 Rural Development I AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT 10 S 31 8 24 9 167 3 56 3 62 6 140 I 503 6 39 6 II 5 IS 3 40 8 I Irrigat on Projects 2 Power Projects II MAJOR IRRIGATION AND POWER PROJECTS 95 9 74 1 ISS 4 544 4 39 57 10 7 38 5 1 Cottage Industr es 2 Other Industr es 39 5 7 10 7 38 5 III INDUSTRY IZ 1 36 2 61. 6 400 O Roads 1 2 Road Transport 3 Ports and Harbours V TRANSPORT 12 I 36 z 401 O 61 6 64 8 37 3 51 6 263 3 1 Educat on 21 0 179 16 S 82 o 20 7 11 6 12 3 135 S 25 30 2 Med cal 3 Publ c Health 4 Hous ng S Labour and Labour Welf re 6 Welfare of Backward Classes 3 SO 88 10 9 11 2 42 2 90 8 92 0 tos 1 $30 V SOCIAL SERYICES 213 1 239 8 357 1 GRAND TOTAL ·16 PROGRESS REPORT 1951 53 Statement III Progress of Development Expenditure in States--contd. JAMMU AND KASHMIR (Rs lakhs) Progress of Expend turc Five years Head of Development total 1991 56 1951 52 1952 53 1953 54 (Actuals) (Revised) (Budget) 1 3 4 5 18 40 10 7 41 8 4 5 IS O I Agr culture 2 Animal Husbandry 3 Da rying and M l Supply 4 Torests 5 Co-operat on 6 Fsher es OS 03 2 O 10 O 2 3 4 5 17 2 66 8 49 2 57 4 84 9 339 9 7 Rural Development I AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT • Irr gat on Projects 2 Power Projects II MAJOR IRRIGATION AND POWER PROJECTS I Cottage Industries 2 Other Industr es 64 86 24 2 74 9 55 6 66 0 109 1 414 8 8 o 21 3 2 I 119 24 3 43 8 III INDUSTRY 21 II 9 32 3 65 x I Roads 74 23 3 48 6 494 4 2 Road Transport 3 Ports and Ha beurt IV TRANSPORT 74 23 3 48 6 1 Education 494 4 46 0 80 2 Medical 39 4 O 46 O 28 93 20 2 82 1 3 Public Health 4 Hou lag Labour and Labour Welfare 6 Welfare of Backward Cuca 14 40 12 O y Social SERVICES 67 12 36 z 186 1 MISCELLANEOUS II O 26 8 72 8 GRAND TOTAL 759 128 9 270 2 1300 ·165 Statement III ANNEXURES Progress of Development Expenditure in States-contd. AJMER (Rs lakhs) Progress of Expenditure Five years Head of Development total 1951 52 1952 53 1953 54 (Actuals) (Revised) (Budget) 1951 56 1 2 3 4 5 S4 4 7 84 48 4 OI 04 06 96 09 I Agriculture 2 Animal Husbandry 3 Dairying and Milk Supply 4 Forests s Co-operation 6 Fisheries 7 Rural Development I 4 20 10 6 04 I 9 84 64 69 12 9 77 O I AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT 08 14 II 3 1 Irrigation Projects 2 Power Projects O8 POWER 14 II 3 AND II MAJOR IRRIGATION PROJECTS : Cottage Industries 2 Other Industries III INDUSTRY 06 17 54 IS 9 1 Roads 1 Road Transport 3 Ports and Harbours 17 $4 15 9 IV TRANSPORT 30 IS O 1 Education 76 31 9 3 Medical On 24 6 I 3 Public Health 4 Housing s Labout ind Labour Welfare 6 Welfare of Backward asses 35 S4 II O 33 0 V SOCIAL SERVICES IOS 148 30 7 GRAND TOTAL 1972 ·166 PROGRESS REPOT 1951 53 Statement III Progress of Development Expenditure in States--contd BHOPAL (Rs lakhs) Progress of Expenditure Five years Head of Development 1951 52 195. 33 1953 54 (Actuals) (Revised) (Budget) total 1951 S6 2 3 4 5 264 34 8 43 I 173 0 03 07 70 1 Agriculture 2 Animal Husbandry 3 Dairying and Milk Supply 4 Foresta s Co-operation 6 Fisheries 30 20 o $0 02 7 Rural Development V 26 9 38 9 SO 9 207 O LO 12 O -79 I IGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT I Trrigation Projects 1 Power Projects 11 MLAJDA IRRIGATION AND POWER PROJECTS I Cottage Industries 2 Other Industries 44 IZO 27 9 SO SO IL 1 DUSTRY I3 SO 1 Posds 6o 13 3 400 z Road Transport 3 Portrand Harbours IV TXIPORT 43 60 13 3 400 + tducation YO 12 3 30 O AS Jical 20 13 4 25 a 97 17 0 3 Publi Health # Howing s Laborant Labour Wellare 6 Wellare of Bachrard Classes 50 V SOGAL, Sano 10 16 o 474 zro GRAND TOTAL 12B 6 385 9 ·ANNEXURES 167 Statement III Progress of Development Expenditure In States-contd. BILASPUR (R$ lakhs) Five years Head of Development Progress of Expend tute total 1951 52 1952 53 1953 54 1951 56 (Actuals) (Revised) (Budget) 1 2 3 4 5 1 07 2 3 70 Agriculture Animal Husbandry 3 Dairying and Milk Supply 2 03 03 II 4 Forests OI IS so 5 Co-operation 6 Fsheries 03 OS OS 7 Rural Development 1 14 4 6 13 6 AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOP MENT I Irr gation Projects Z Power Projects II MAJOR IRRIGATION AND POWER PRO- JECTS I Cottage Industries Other Industries O z OS O 2 05 III INDUSTRY 20 42 ISO -30 I Roads 2 1 20 2 Road Transport 3 Ports and Harbour 20 IS O 29 O IV TRANSPORT OI 23 2 5 10 O T Education O 2 4 0 2 Mied cal O 6 14 40 3 Public Health 4 Housing 5 Labour and Labour Welfare 6 Welfare of Backward Classes 0.1 S4 180 V SOCIAL SERVICES GRAND TOTAL 21 10 8 253 $7!

·188 PROGRESS REPORT 1951 53 Statement III Progress of Development Expenditure in States-contd COORG (Rs lakhs) Progress of Expenditure Five year Head of Developmcat 1931 32 (Actuals) 1952 3 1993 94 (Revised) (Budget) total 1951 $6 Z 3 1 2 Agriculture Animal Husbandes Darrying and Maik Supply 3 03 I 4 Forests 20 $ Co-operation 6 Fisheries 7 Rural Development AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT 03 T Irrigation Projects 2. Powes Projects IZO 35 O 12 o 35 0 II MAJOR TRAICATION AND POWER PROL JECTS I Cottage Industrict 2 Other Industries Itt INDUSTKY 1 Roads 09 29 7 Road Transport 3 Ports and Harbours IV TRANSPORT 23 09 29 20 O 1 Education 36 30 10 D 2 Alodiaal 19 3 Publx lleilth 4. Housing Labour and Labour Welfart 6 Vellire of Backward Classes Y SOqullSanas 36 34 39 GRAND TOTAL 43 20 8 73 0 ·ANNEXURES Statement III Progress of Development Expenditure in States-contd. DELHI ? (Rs It Five years Head of Development Progress of Expenditure 1953 52 1952 53 1953 54 (Actuals) (Revised) (Budget) total 951-56 2 3 4 S I 86 II 8 12 636 -- 04 OS 194 Agriculture Animal Husbandry 3 Dairying and Muk Supply 4 Forests SO 03 03 03 1122 ე 6 გ Oz II I 2 06 04 05 - 2 % 5 Co-operation 6 Fisheries 7 Rural Development I AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOP 1 IO I 24 1 20 4 89 1 MENT T Irrigation Projects 2 Power Projects 3 1 II MAJOR IRRIGATION AND POWER PRO- JECTS 1 Cottage Industries 73 2 Other Industries 7 3 76 1 III INDUSTRY ,73 7 Roads 2 3 76 25 O Road Transport 216 0 3 Ports and Harbours IV TRANSPORT 2 3 241, Education 22 1 31 g 34 O 299 8 N.A. Medical NA. 2 N.A. 588 3 Public Health NA NA NAS So of is 4 Housing Labour and Labour Welfart 18 T 6 Welfare of Backward Classes R SOCIAL SERYICES 22 1 31 9 34 I GRAND TOTAL 32 2 483 7480 Expenditure on Delhi Road Transport amounting to Rs. 20 likts 33 lakhs and 45 lakhs in 1951 32 (Actual) 1992 33 (Res sed), 1953 54 (Eli GT1) respectively which has been sbowo under liustry of Transport t 4107 ·170 PROGRESS REPORT 1951 53 Statement III - Progress of Development Expenditure 17 States-contd HIMACHAL PRADESH (Rs lakhs) Head of Development Five years Progress of Expenditure total 1951 52 1952 53 1953. 34. 1951-56 (Actuals) (Revised) (Budget) 1 2 3 4 3 1 Agriculture 08 17 28 o 2 Animal Husbandry OI O: 79 22 4 06 OS 16 0 59 O 38 3 6 15 o 3 Dairyint kad Milk Supply 4 Faretts $ Cooperation 6 Fisheries 7 Rural Development L. AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOP MENT 02 O 2 10 17 5 2 29 4 125 4 45 32 9 80 0 24 40 13 5 1 Irrigation Projects 2 Power Projects IL MAJOR IRRIGATION AND POWER PRO- TCCT.. X Cottage Industries 2 Otbar Industries 69 36 9 93 5 80 0 230 III INDUSTRY 80 23 0 Rouds 76 170 400 TIO O O2 2 Road Transport 3 Ports and Harbour 62 YO O IV TORT 76 173 462 IZO O # Edocution 3 63 II 2 36 7 O 3 18 ! 01 69 148 37 9 2. Medical 3 Public Health 4. Houttag s Labour and Labour Welfare 6. Wellere of Backward Classes Secu Somos 07 13 2 29 O 927 4546 GUND TOTAL IO O 149 S ·ANNEXURES 171 Statement III -Progress of Development Expenditure in States--Contd KUTCHI (R8 lakhs) Progress of Expend tu e Head of Development total 1951 52 1952 53 1953 54 1951-56 (Actuals) (Revised) (Budget) F ve years Y z 3 4 S 91 92 60 6 06 03 39 02 03 1 Agriculture 2 Animal Husbandry 3 Da rying and Milk Supply 4 Forests 5 Co-operation 6 Fisheries 7 Rural Development I AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOP MENT 14 SS 35 O 3 09 14 10 Z 16 z 708 1 Irrigation Projects 44 26 0 33 o 91 0 2 Power Projects 10 6 89 23 O II AND POWER 4.4 36 6 41 9 114 0 T Oy 1 8 MAJOR IRRIGATON PROJECTS Cottage Industries Other Industres INDUSTRY 35 2 111 OY 18 35 I Roads 70 IS O 38 3 Road Transport Ports and Harbours IS 37 70 13 4 3 IV 6 1 107 22 O 71 7 TRANSPORT Educat op 1 OI 09 1s 68 2 Med 1 16 25 08 23 10 о 3 Publc Health 4 Housing 5 Labour and Labour Wellare Welfare of Backward Clayset Y SOCAL SERYOS 15 01 38 77 45 GRAND TOTAL 10 6 61 4 89 6 ·Statement 111 PROGRESS REPORT 1951 53 Progress of Development Expenditure 11 Statesmcontd MANIPUR (Rs lakhs) Had of Developme nt Progress of Ixpenditare rse sca55 total 1951 S2 195 53 1953.54. 1951-56 (Actuals, Rev sed) (Dulct) 2 3 $ t Ar culture OI 2 5 An al Husbandry Dan ng and M Supriv 3 4 1 orests 02 08 30 5 Co-operat on E shtr ca 6 7 Rusal Devel psicot 1 AGRICL LTURE AND RURAI MYNT DEVLLOP O 3 6 ܐ 53 Igat on Proje Po Projects OS 320 Vajor ERRIGATIO AND TOWER PRO- JES 14 12 0 ! C Industr et Oihr Todostres I DLSTRY 1 Poads 10 9 24 O 82 3 Ro 1 Transport 63 10 3 3 is d 13 bount TRANSPOIT 10 9 30 3 91 8 2 3t on 43 27 7 7 Nicd cal OS 3 Publicat Os 4 9 21 o 5 Laborat Laut us Vic cla to Buy Clasks Soput SERVICES 4 2 10 9 SAD TOYN 162 43 3 1948 ·173 ANNEXURES Statement III Progress of Development Expenditure in States-contd. TRIPURA (Rs lakhs) Five years Head of Development Progress of Expenditure total 1951 52 1952 53 1953 54 1951-56 (Actuals) (Revised) (Budget) 2 3 4 5 126 28 II 3 1 Agriculture Animal Husbandry 3 Dairying and Muk Supply Forests 5 Co-operation 6 Fisheries 7 Rural Development 1 AORICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOP- MENT I1 27 8 I 03 4 0 70 Irrigation Projects Power Projects II MAJOR IRRIGATION PROJECTS AND POWER 03 40 70 1 04 08 $ 8 Cottage Industries Other Industries 2 III INDUSTRY 04 08 S8 1 Roads 37 9 3 34 8 128 o 2 Road Transport Ports and Harbour 3 37 IV TRANSPORT 9 3 34 8 128 o Education 39 13 87 1 24 0 08 20 11 ) 2 Medical 3 Publ Health 4 Housing S Labour and Labour Welfare 6 Welfare of Backward Classes V SOCIAL SERYICES 1 3 47 10 7 38 7 GRAND TOTAL SO 14 7 50 3 13 ·17+ Statement III PROGRESS REPORT 1951-53 Progress of Development Expenditure in States-concid VINDHYA PRADESH (Rs. Progress of Expenditure Five rotal 3951 52 1952 53 1953 54 1951- (Actuals) (Revised) (Budget) Head of Development 1 2 3 $ 10 S 33 ? Ag culture 3S 4 1 10 12 2 Animal Husbandry 3 Dairying and Muk Supply 4 Forests 3 S 4 0 4+ $ 3 0 6 Co-operation Fisheries Rural Development 01 04 I 7 I IO 7 AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOP LNT 377 45 4 2 T Irrigation Projects 67 15 O 2 Poster Projects 11 MAJOR IERIGATION PROJECTS AND POWER 67 IS O OI 07 I Cottage Industries Ocher Industries 2 11! INOLSTRY OI 07 X Roads 13 4 II 9 26 6 2 Road Transport 3 Ports and Harbour IY TRANSPORT 13 4 II 9 766 123 1 Education 12 3 100. 2 Medical 44 39 36 0 Public Health 600 3 85 4 Housing Labour and Labour Welfare 6 Welare o Backnard Classes 30 63 IS O V SOCIAL SERVICES 33 3 31 0 211 o . 679 3

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