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·OFFICE OF THE HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR NDIA
yoruzraia w; the cou linnt: oi en sto
rnl of Comcrcial Int llicencring slastici
oun il lount Sticct, clutt. loku or vite
CT or trc Report thiulil he pu liche! brrors
inc of the 27th Septron
* 11.4.
REPORT
on the work of the
INDIAN GOVERNMENT TRADE
COMMISSIONER, HAMBURG,
during 1933-34
Ву
S. N GUPTA, E 4, LCS
LONDOV
1935
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·INDIAN
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·OFFICE OF THE HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR INDIA
ERRATUM
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IV holesale Price Index number for
pril, 1933 For "297 " lona

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·3 OFFICE OF THE HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR INDIA. I\pi: Hot se, den YCH, Jonbox, WC. No T.913 11th July, 1934 From The Iligh Commissiner for India London To The Serretary to the Gorernment of India, Department of Commerce, Sumla SIR, I nm directed lys the Iligh Commisjoner to forward herewith for the information of the Government of India a report by Jr S X. Gupta, ICS, Indian Trade Commissioner at lamburg, on the work of his office during the rear ended 31 Jarrh, 1931 In an interesting chapter entitled "Trade Derelopments and Tenılencies" Nr Gupta summarises the principal erinomnir developments which have occurred during the year in the areas of Northern Furope for which he is responsible le draw attention to the contrast between the renewed industrial activity on the one hand and on the other hand the continued or increas. ing slackness of international trade The objectures and results of the World Economic Conference which was lield in London during June and July, 1933, ore de ribed anı olup the effects on Indian tradle of restrictions on the importation into various Continental countries of agricultural products and other raw materials pantal to industry Thir High Commissioner recognisex with Jr Gupta, that these restrictions are special devices created to mert special conditions, and achines the hope tlnt aith the remoral of these conditions when normal times retun the restrictions will also disappear 3 In Chapter IV of his report, ut (iupta ante attention to the fact that community proces sliner welcome indications of on upward tendents during the rear under review It 14 till too earli to proplies, frut the High Commissioner agree that many of Judin' staplo mmmwlities had improve their poutron in the worlile markets by the spring of 1911 in comparison with the Spring of 1933, so far at least as arturl priere air monternal + Thir Imilian Stand at tlir les ur Spring Fair, in wbird the Indian Trade ('immicetonet Ilanit uts, participates annually. continue to attract attention and to stimulatr enquirie interesting to note that the experience of partirupatwa at lcipar. #* at exhibitions and fair in the l'ailed Kingdom, tends to ·show that Indian manufactures such as carpets, sports goods, cotton and silk textiles, etc., are popular; indeed, the High Commissioner observes that enquiries for sports goods at the I.cipzig Fair were more numerous than for any other class of goods, on the part of buyers whose enquiries were for specific commodities and not merely for general information. The report contains other evidence also of the practical value afforded to Indian esporters of the work carried out by the Indian Trade Commissioner af Hamburg. 5. In conclusion I am to commend to the Government of India the praiseworthy services rendered by Jr. Gupta rluring another year of depressed and difficult trade. I have the honour to be, Sir, Your most obedient Servant, A. J. GREEN, Deputy Iligh Commissioner.

·CONTENTS wharter I Organisations and Functions Crarten II - Trade Derelopments ap 1 Tendencies Charter 111 Commodities rad 7 CRAFTYR IV Pnces in 1933-1934 9 Charti* V --Leipzig Spring Fair Sareb 1934 CHAPTER 11 liscellaneous 64 Cuartra VII Sual and acknowledgmento CS 75 83 ArrzyDII A (1) lwportt Into Germany al principal commodities ciported froin India Jeauery December 1931 1933 and 1933 (11) Imporns into Germany of principal commoditacs ciported Iroon ludia Janoary-llarch 1932, 1933 and 1934 Arraypix B-Prioer ol prsacipal Indian commodi a quote i on Hamburg Bremen ezchanges during diferent periods of FC the year 92 ATPKYDII O Prices of principal lodian commodities quoted on Hamburg Bremco exchanger January March 1931 100 ATT**DII D-Lint of thibitors on the Indian Siand mithe Imipzig Spring kale March, 1931 103 37

·6
ILLUSTRATIONS.
FACING
PAGE
1.--Exhibition of Indian Chutnoys, Preserves, Curry Powders,
Leipzig Fair, 1934
16
2. Exhibition of Indian Artmare and Fancy Skins at the
Leipzig l'air, 1934
32
..
...
3.-Exbibition of Indian Sports Goods, Carpots and Indian
Cotton, Leipzig Fair, 1934
48
4- Exhibitions of Indian Bat Materials. Coir Mats and
Mysoro Goveroment Sandulwood Oil
64
...

·1 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE INDIAN GOVERNMENT TRADE COMMISSIONER, HAMBURG, 1933-1934. It may Chapter I. Organisation and Functions The year 1933-4 marke the third fear of the Ofice of the Indian Trade Coinmuesioner at Hamburg and this report 1the third which I have written I held charge of the post of Trade Commissioner for the entire penod under reries Mr CO Border, the Chief Clerk of the Office, arts as Trade Commoner whenever I am away from lamburg on dats or short leare The original lease of three years for the office premises at Neuer Jungfernstieg Yo I expired on the 31st March 1934, but prior to expirs it was renewed for a further period of two years ir up to the end of March, 1936 All communications intended for the Iniſian Government Tmde Commissioner should, therefore continue to be addressed to Yeuer Jungfernstieg do 9 be useful for business enquirers in India to know that the cable addrest of this oftice is GOTIDIA COM, Hamburg It should, bow. erer, les clearly understood that when a firm 1. Iodia desires this office to cable out a reply to its enquiry, the firm must be prepared either to send a prepaid cable or to reimburse this office on account of cable charges incurred The following centres were visited in the course of the year on olicial business Berlin, Paris Brussels, Antwerp Rotter dani, Breuen, leipur, Cologne and Frankfurt Close touch hox Rxen maintained throughout the year with the British Inila«<les and legations at Berlin Paris, Warsaw, Bryarls The Ilagur, Prague, Copenhagen, Stockholm, Oslo and Norne The adrire, nustance and infomation receired from II B J Commercial Counsellor and Secretaries at these places has been of the greatest ralue to me in nas work I base alu foup! it nerpesarr to su over to Londou occasionally to obtain personally the help and guidance of the Iligh Commissioner and the Indian Trade Commisjoner in london in spreral tantters connerted with lodinn ide to the Continent For the infornuation of the business publie in India it will line as well to rrapitulate the main functions of the Omics of the Trade Commissioner at llamburg (1) It altende to enquiries mereil from riporters in India reparding markets for fols in mlections to coats Dental importer, testing of samples, and marint and general information ·$ (ii) It deals with enquiries received from Continentul iinporteis regarding introductions to exporters in India, commercinlam peneral information on markets, crop, prilir conditirs, of (iiiIt szinte minn importers who are plesirous of seeking tonnections with Continental inanufacturers and cxporters of finished panels, provided such goods are not in comprtition with similar ponudu of Indian monufucture. (iv) Il maintains up-to-date regzintage and cand-indexes of clinlile ('ontinental importers, Indian rxporters and Continental insufordurera te rxporters, for the purproape of clenling with equiring under (i), (ii) and (iii). (V) It partiripuittred in tracia laira, mininins permanedl exhibition of Indian products and manufactures, and a library of commerrial publications, and perfornis forneral publicity work by ssily of plotography, lantron idrs, pamphlren and pron interviewu, (vi) It furninho con reports for Government departments and offices in India who work ith pusingannce on Tarious 20attore moreted with memerre and trade. Weekly 11000 quarterly reports on alun sent to the Director- Giennal of Commerrial Intelligence and Statistics, (aluuttil, the latter being published in the "Indian Truce Journal." (vii) It deals with "Claima" eps and trade disputes generally between Continntal importers and Indian oxporters. Once again exporters and importern in Indir are invited to address their trade enquiries in the first instance to the Director- General of Commercial Intelligence, ('ndeuttı, an all replies to enquiries under points (i) and (iii) alle are sent to his Ollice for transmission to the enquiring firm. This procedure ensures that the Director-General line in his prompounion already most of the information that is sought for lip the enquirer, and the latter will save much valuable time box prior reference to the Commercial Intelligence Oflice in ('alcuiin. In any case that Office will immediately approach the Trule ('ommissioner in Hamburg for any additional information that may be required to complete the information already on record in the office files. Enquiries in Indin arc, therefore, advised in their own interest to make preliminary application to the Director-General of Commercial Intelligence. Exporters and manufacturers in European countries should consult their respective consular officers in India for assistance and information in regard to markets in Indin for their ·9 manufactureil fund The Charles ta thu Report dealing with the leipzig International Spring Fair and lodian participation therein should prove of afwrial internet to Indian manufacturers of those close of gounds for which markets in Furpean countries are desired, to this end the Trade Commissioner's Office is anxious to tablish cloa and friendls contact with Indian manufacturers of cnterprise and foresight a Chapter 11.-Trade Developments and Tendencies. One of the notable fentuns of the world economic depression of the past four and a holt seurs has been the number of timethat tomm temporary recovery in business and prices has been followed ly a fresh relapse, da-lung to the ground the slender hopes that were at the time mased that the worst was now orer and trade would improve So often have expertations lwen falotfied by absequent esents that the world has not unnaturally come to treat with scepticum anil kelere caution any project of forecast urgesting that the deluge has come to an end and that brighter akies are on their way and that the run will before long be pleeping out There is honeter kreat deal of difference fetucen a speculative anticijation to irrely on the ancorre. lated factx and figures of a few wechs und a retrospective studs of eronomic phenomena and tendencies prad over a period of the last two years and emlıraring within the scope of its aurres the trade statistics of thirts rountries in different parts of the world The lorapur of lations published in October, 193.3 a dorument entitled " World Economic Surses 1932-33 which sets out the course of economir conditions in Tarious ctuntries, quarter by quarter, since the midille of 1931 The laague Surses whows that is the third quarter of 193.3 tra lt and industry had improred in most countru i of the world and that thnugh the rate of progreu a vor in n one countrr to another the improvement has muertheless, lanseals and untersal Acrurding to the Survey thr turning wint in the dry feston neurred at the end of 1911 in Australia and Inelmi There kat an impruresent in the Oorted hinglom at the end of 1911 and the beaning of 1933 in the wton bult of that iras the improvement pread to Iranian Belgiuni, Corrinans, Sweden Japin and lowlanland In the beginning of 1911 Snitrurland Italy and South Ifrira lurgan to me, and siner than thirre hus lnen ingin in America, (anada, Denmark and lillaod 11: the mile of 1933 oply SII rountries słonel ne approuille ne 1 monety, Austra, Samar, filmee, Roumania, itpentine and Branl mierul indirnton in alumil all cases fint in the direction of improvement and the year 1901 may «rll own in pomie The recor ·10 history as marking the turning point in the world depression, which originated in 1929. The indices of employment, industrial production, bank deposits and clearances, wholesale and retail prices, railway freight traffic, etc., record improvements in the great majority of countries. Apart from statistical tables, it is only necessary to take in review the major industrial countries of the world to see that in each one of them increased activity in production, exchange of goods, and consumption is to be observed during the year under review, under review. Great Britain, America, Germany, France, Italy, Canada, can each of them, during the last 12 months, show substantial internal industrial improvement. It is at this point that we come to the characteristic feature of the year under review. While on the one hand increased industrial activity is to be recorded in all the major countries, international trade and commerce on the other hand has not kept pace with it and has tended to lag a good way behind. On all sides one may observe welcome signs of industrial revival and the wheels of industry revolving at a rapidly increasing pace, and if these observations were confined to industry alone, one might be tempted to come to the conclusion that all was again well with the world and the economic crisis a matter of past history. But in reality the picture is not nearly so rosy and promising, and a second glance round the world at the condition of international trade would at once serve to correct any overoptimistic judgment based merely on a survey of industrial activity. How, then, does it come about that the two phenomena of renewed activity in industry and halting international trade exist side by side and at the same time? The explanation is not a difficult matter, and brings out in relief the causes which are responsible for the co-existence of two apparently inconsistent states of affairs. The industrial revival in the several countries is essentially internal in character and has been brought about by a purely domestic demand. During the course of an economic depression, when prices are falling continuously and trade is almost stagnant, demand and consumption both fall away and no one wishes to embark on new expenditure. But if the depression is a prolonged one, then a time is bound to come when everything is in need of renewal or replacement. This time came during 1933 all over the world, and the industrial activity of 1933 represents largely the necessity of renewals, repairs and replacements in every country, and was mainly in response to domestic deinand. When all is well with the world and economic crises non-existent, the wheels of industry go round very largely on account of international demand for manufactured goods. The great agricultural countries draw freely on the industrial countries for supplies of finished goods, and in a great many instances the ·Industry of obe country is complementary to that of ano! But during the year under revie* there was no such tematic despand, and the main consumers of particular rouott Todastral products were the sahabstants themseltra The acts ins of the several industrial countries were rartird on in wat ght ramjartmeots, 10 to speak, and were for tbat resse raccompanied by ans correspoeding degree of socrease erpational commerce Thua internal demand *A* 18 many casa Oermany and the USA attmalsted be direct (torern mental action, the main objectists of which were the pricare o einployment and the resnal of industrial actitur within the rounit) (ser and love the tendecies alluded to above bagli tants, exchange controls, import quota, fscences and probations and a Last of smlar derres still lumber the path of interaational trade and click be natural exchange of goods betwern one country and another It augurs well for the future that persational commerce line, repite these spinse restrictions managed to improve to might estent during the rear under review For the first Hinir since the commencement of the depression in 1929 at bar breen proszlile la mord in 1945 KOJIH »provement in the esport and wort statistics of spsrral nuntries It cannot be doubted that, had the varkys trale rotatione ex on absent interpatronal trade avull an 1963 have gathered up far greater raumentum vader the staruuluu ! the milustrual rewal in the various mnuntries, while on the other fans it may be afirmeil wità qual ruiplane that industrial artists would have gained Auditional force frota ou improvement is internatsanal comunesse lhe question remontis as to how thiru txo tendencies arn to luce winnoreed togethes to the mutual Innebt of both It i pri balls ant try much to hope that were in the baril lesson of experience will rampel the interamente of clic world to frugte that the propriti of nations # interprendent and no not le restricte! in Arporate water fight om srtments That day will lor i yought Appreciablo nater abras" galetalhe rralised that a greater volume nf traile lomien thr euntries of the world will neytaty rrufr enreracel spilustrial artiritt rreny muuatry, *3! » seuitant un mirmetat Rempimment and a far higher standard of proportit luth potenturntal and instalual Tarto amalısta lories in the eyless of muhtimes whirl kinder the For Sam nietse (rom one tuunin to another are in the long an serta tu curli murat serial Ipercon unemplarnidi plate nalonal and induwduul neories and lead to a lowered indard ng liring ilmupli ot the world! 10 » ulm not improl In that dr internal immormant wurk faling place 133 m (puntair will, kien rearbes masajuar, lead Or smo ihr fre 11 of intrrnational tra le ething of the wirt Las already begun to take jlace other use ·12 it would not be possible to observe the improvement that has taken place in the foreign trade of so many countries. The natural forces which lie behind this greater activity in the movement of goods between nations will undoubtedly gather additional momentum when the artificial restrictions placed upon international trade are gradually removed in the near future. Mention has already been made of the fact that during the year under review wholesale prices, and more especially primary commodity prices, have shown more sustained improvement than at any time since the beginning of the depression. If prices in the middle of September, 1931, when the United Kingdom abandoned the gold standard, be taken as the equivalent of 100, the following index numbers will be found to display the trend of commodity prices during 1933-34:- Average price September April July October February 1926. 1931. 1933. 1933. 1933. 1934. 210 100 98 119 114 118 These figures clearly indicate that the advance in prices in 1933 is something more than a mere flash in the pan and reflects rather an improvement in demand and consumption. While we are still a long way behind the pre-depression average level of prices, e.g., in 1926, which has been the proclaimed objective of President Roosevelt's price-raising policy during the past year, it is permissible to congratulate ourselves on the fact that the world seems to have gradually climbed out of the morass that had engulfed all countries between 1929 and 1932, and that in 1933 We are all standing on firmer and higher ground. In spite of the slight set-back that occurred in the third quarter of 1933, commodity prices have throughout the period under review moved on a consistently higher level than at any other previous period of the depression and have displayed far more buoyancy and much greater powers of resistance against depressing factors. That this improvement was no fortuitous one based merely on speculation or slender hopes of better times may readily be seen from the fact that the meagre results of the World Economic Conference failed to check the upward movement of prices and from the further fact that the improvement has been maintained more or less continuously till the end of the year under review. Between April and July last year American manufacturers under the stimulus of the Roosevelt recovery programme drew widely on all the commodity markets of the world to satisfy their raw material requirements in anticipation of the general revival in America. In fact, so strong was this movement on the part of American industry, that unusually heavy stocks of raw materials began to accumulate in the United States by the end of July, and as it was found impossible to liquidate them by utilising them ·13 in increased industrial production, these large stocks bad effect of di pressing coininolts prues for a short persoa September and October Between the tower and March, bowe wholesale prices gradualls rerusere I their prerious buoraner A renewed arance in prices continued without interruption till end of the rester sear By that time as has alreads to obeersed, primary coinmedits prices had improve l hy nearls 2 as compared with September 1931 and the reassuring fentu of this inprovement was ite werds continuts throughout th persoal under reries In a general terognition that the present pronomic The mar different in character and scope from prerrous trade depres Plons and that its rolution had to bx appre arhed or the joint efforts of all the antions lies the raisin d etre of the World Ironomic Conference held during June and Juli 1933 in London Apart from the results ac lursel by the conferere the merc furt thint all the nations of the well met together to disruss common cronome and mobetary problems and undrasoured to arrive at a joint solution of those problems well on event of ramener significante in economie history T tangible results of the Conference mai perhaps love been dunpointing but the clover understanding of the worl! prolleme gained by the platearen as a result of concertre! thecussion and rinmination constitute an important advanre tonaris the recovery of uniter al confidence In any camp tuh urful exploratory work was achieved by the rorious committees of the Conference and inonelary and economic principles were laid down which will not only in kullantial and to future discussions of the same problems but will also mnie n varful guides in the formulation of actual policies in the different participating countries The opening of the Conference was on the a hole Auspicious The Tanit Trure to all halt to be reuses in this for the duration the l'inference ma« nefull negu trated and the adherence of all the major countries was oltained thus ensuring A furouralle atmoe here for the rimination of tarif and allied problems Ixchange stabilisation * 36 the most in which the i'enforener foundere! In the senile of the Conference Bureau "temporan understanding during the present period of uncertaints regarding carhange rot was fount to be an escalia! nnlitten for the diwuerken of the full rrogtame of the l'on creare is all the deles fine In the eient the tumpuan roll untries fra br France Arerte ! that unless currencies were aliland in relation to richiediet ut *ull Imr impul le track aldrmut no on the other majos pret leurs confronting the Con l'orsi lent Istrit deriuselr rrjertel this contention I tremmended to the Confereare that the real problems to ·14 be dealt with wore the evil of falling prices and the methods to be employeul in romterariing this pril. It is not surprising that deadlock was reached on the question of rurency stabilisation, France and the United States came to the Conference with fixed but opposing policies. The policy of the Roosevelt administration was clefinitely inflntionary, aiming at raising prices to the level of 1926; while French policy, on the other hand, was definitely deflationnry, the pljective, in the case of France, being to bring down commodity prices further or to keep them down to the level reached in 19:33 after three years of deflation. The emphatic rrojection by President Ronerelt of all proposals to stabilise exchange ratine mon temporarily led to the formation of a blor of European countries whicle still allhered to the gold standard. The countries forming the blor were France, IIolland, Belgium, Poland, Switzerland um Italy. They conferred together ind inanied it joint veclaration to the offert that all necessant steps would be taken by them to protect themselves and carh other against all attardis on their currencies which miglit tento drive them off the gold storslard. Tlie declaration emphasised the firm intention of these countries to remain on the gold standard. The cronomie anel monetary policy of the British Government at the Conference wis clearly set forth in Mr. Chamberlain's speech at the beginning of the Conference. It may be summarised as follows:-It is essential to bring about a recovery in the world level of wholesale prices sufficient to vield av economic return to the producers of primary commodities and to restore equilibrium between costs and prices of production generally, Deflation means untold misery and must craze, The fundamental monetary condition of the recovery of prices was that credit should be made available by a policy of cheap money and that such credit should be actively employed. The central banks should undertake to co-operate in this policy. The policy of cheap and plentiful money should be clearly announced and vigorously pursued. Great Britain recognises the importance of the stability of exchange rates. This should be attained in two stages. The immediate objective should be approximate stability so that trade should not be hampered by violent fluctuations. Is to the second stage the ultimate aim of monetary policy should be the restoration of a satisfactory international standard, and there was no doubt that a properly worked gold standaril seemed to be generally acceptable. The golel standard should in the future he administered that wide fluctuations in the purchasing power of gold would be to the greatest possible extent prerented. Subsequent to the deadlock on the question of stabilisation the Conference proceeded to put in a great deal of very useful work in committee. In regard to co-ordination of marketing and SO ·15 . LIL were production it was agreed that such schemes most (1) apply to courmolitire of great importance of which excesoire streka esist, (11) bm comprehensive inclu link, if necessary, substitutes and related products. (1) hase the support of a sul stantial majorits of producers, (1) be fair to consumers (r) be administratirely practicable, (y) be of adequate duration (m) be flexible, (T111) prournging efficient production Committee worked on the vime nations insisted on retaining fun litxt Ol Alin parding quotas eschange controls or tarifis, others hell that a constructive policy could le worked out to indicate mezuurex in le talen when atal ility had been reached The quantitative restrictions on the exchange of goms was universally condemned in prioriple but defended in pructure in certain 14* either as applied to agrirultural producte pending international artement on the organisation of produrron or as the ineahy of syg out surb organsafton Ilegarılıng Inrift polies in general threr points of in* prominently put () Thirt multilateral durtinis alone can attain desired results (11) that customs dutres can be lowered only by bilateral treaties and (m) that linth methods are capable of adoption The mamt furoured nation principle in its fullest and went form na generalls favours as the easiest method of sexuring general lowering of dutory through bulateral pegotin tione In regard to the Gold Standard the committee of the Conference unanimously adlink ate rretallishment of inter national monetary alulity through the gold standard and parts 'Ixing for orch muntn in determine the following principles tore land down in connection with the working of a future kolei standard (1) The gold bullion standard should lm ndopted (11) A minimum reverse ratio of 2 is suficient and grunter elasticity in cuntral lunk (cier prorssons is desiralle (11) Indepenilent Central Bands are rentint and the HIS alioulil man ansitunint of common action (15) Gold lorementa which reflect dieequilibrin bulanur of payments should be freels permitted and Central Bank sloull endeavour to friluce fluctuations in business activity and in the furchasing power of gulat 1 tbm conclusion I the Worll ley nomie ( onírrence there vrtirrr tun miente of major impuriabre, in both of which India purtripate Amerne tantumn of agreement wa migon bor i od ferere delen ate« rrjresenting India China al Spain holder of lire te it uses of alrer" anl nf fustralia l'anadı, llir l'aitre State Herre and Meru 2$ principal prouluiste tf olier This agreement mile that Ira prisut of Inur iran inginning January 1st 1971 - Indian Govern murat aball not well more than 140 (YKIT fine ounces of irr **lased on an arengt of Jim Cnr ounce fear, tle ·16 OT כינויין Spanish Government shall not sell more than 20,000,000 finc ources, atn average of 5,000,000 1 year; and the Chinese Government "shall not sell silver resulting from demonetised coins." For their part, the Governments of Australia, Canada, the United States, Mexico and Peru ongnge during the life of the agreement 1101 101 sell any silver and in the narrogato to" chase or otherwise sange for withdrawing from the market 35,000,000 fine ounces of silver from the mine production of such countries in euch calendar year," the share of each being agreed between them, and the inetal purchased or withdrawn being used for currency purpo-es “either for coinage or for currency reserves This agreement will make little change in the volume of the annual indian sales, but it will relieve the market of the uncertainty which must prevnil when no fixed engagement maists, will benefit the producing countries by its effect on the market, and will bop woolroine in China als giving proming of more stable value. The upcond event in which India took part was the extremely important jout public derluration on monetary and pronomic policy made by all the Empire Governments at the close of the Conference This sleclaration is intended to be read in conjunction with and regarded 29 a sequel to the declaration made by the Empire Governments at the Ottawa Conference in August, 1932. It is unnecessary to reproduce the details of the second Empirc declarntion 14 it follows in its muin essentials the economic and monetary policy enunciated by Jr. Chamberlain at the outset of the Economic Conference. It states also the satisfaction of the signatories" that the Ottawa Agreements have already haul beneficial effect on many branches of inter-Imperial trade and that the proces is likely to rontinue as the purchas. ing power of the various countries concerned increases," "The delegations reaffirm their conviction that the lowering or removal of barriers between the countries of the Empire provided for in the Ottawa Igrecients will not only facilitnte thc for of goods between them, but will stimulate and increase the trade of the world." Turning now from international crents to the internal economic situation in Germany during the year under reriem, the phenomenon which undoubtedly overshadows everything else in Germany is the political and economic ieorganisation of the country in harmony with the principles of National Socialisin. In the National-Socialist philosophy, politics and economics form part of one whole--the corporatire State—and cannot be divided into water-tight compartments. The one cannot be understood except in relation to the other. At this point it may be stated at once that National Socialist practice in the domain of economics has so far fallen far short of National Socialist ideology. Accord- ·EXNOTIOY OF MYDLA CHUTNEYS PRESERVES, CURAY POWDERS, LEIPZIG FAIR, 1934

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·17 ing to the latter the economic atein of Germany was to be reorganised on a corporutier lave There were to be fise Yertical entrations, or "estate" of industry, handicrafts, agriculture, coinmorce, and the professions through which the labour Front (the singir Jalnur nifanseation) would horizontally pau During The first par nf its rule, National. Corialı bas foupi 111 unable to carry out this great scheme of pronomic reorganisation It is ouly after the close of the year under review that the Buthorities have tule a tentative leginning with this ambulous programule lis appointing lenders for the vertical groups referred to obose The details of reorganisation are still a matter for the The two outstanding achieseruents of the National-Sincialist rigine during them your under resirk in the cronome opbete art the intensis (o-ordination of all organised lxrdins, including Chamters of commerce, Stokk lachinnges, Federation of Cernian Industrins, thir l'ederations of the iron and steel industries, wholeual and retail traile aiuridione tr and the organisation of all (surman wurkera, iuilustrul agricultural and professional in a Ingin "Lolour I'mnt" Beyond thos. uile or nothing *** altcinpted by way of changing the foundation of the present Ciernan monomic system, except in regard to agriculture,' whese agrarian Inve malilaining fixnol grain priers and virtual State control of fielel cultivation there ar fx en promulgated In this conhert101. th Vien of chancellor Hier in peech deltresel in the Mencintag in January, 1934, are of interest - ** Just as we nierisme stie » mptoms of political distoniepranon in nur jemplo no liave we alreails undesiaken in the course of 11 year the fight against the syinptoms of economic decas Whirn, on the 21th Jarls Inst var, gare the order to orrups thir lie wirts of the tun unions on the ind Jay and to Prinsert the tongkolds of class madness into bulwurks of national labur, ut was sot se to depuse the German worker of an institution of valur to lum, but to prve the way foy the entire lierman ju pole an inilustrual peare whiclı will learst all in futurn""Ilır aspluation of the principles of National. Soiniam in the domain of economice was all the more difficult lwauur three gifreeing the hall to tv undertaken of once *A* fiets its i criler for tror ur tie purstantry who were in danger ol complelr ruin, lo alipit commetrial measure of prorr mntrol. and to pass legislation giving the pensantry once morr powerful *upport Thir onslant prral of general corruptioa norisolated an umurdsat firring af nur eru some life from un crupulous qurulative and fire fitreting (111) The lack of finding work again fait faf millions of unrinplored persons forladt slik avlopwon of thimitico" In a peerh last Decemler, the Cimrman Hronom Minister saint: "Il vould let inmompatible with the Natiopa). ainst spitst to expert any throttling or forring to a frimming ·18 77 level. The Economic Minister rould not be expected to lay hackles on individual hranches of trade and industry or to put them under frusfership. Thry must strive for an organisation in which trade and industry administered themselves and main. tainer as far as possible the capacity of the individual. The lioperl the corporative organisation of German wonomic life would lie begun 11021 year; they would develop existing institutions and limit ilir ativity and entreprise of thir individunt 10 more than with pincessary in the interend of the whole." Thorpe quotations are of great significance an slowing that Sational..Somalia Idealison has in the first Voir of power come up against all pronomie delities and has had to call : balt In the way and modify its programe more in cord with econome birds. The first line of attack in the peneral offensive gelin- the unemployment problem consided in the reorientation of German muarl.ly om finnurjal poliris with perjal seference to the German industial atem. 11 the virw of the German l'imane Mility in the first huuli of 1993:"the Budget had to be bulanced loy dealing directly with rouomir ionditions, and there llud to be a break with all ca 113rs of deflationary nature." In harmony with this sipas the aim of Chancellor llitler's Governmentions duing the year under review meen to put fremli life and nagy into lietmari industry, so that increase activity in procluction loulil account for this peabsorption of a large proprofion of unemplosed peasons into the industrial system. For This purpose the state has directly sub-ilised industries to a substantial extent and has also taken an active part in initiating numerous clemen of public expenditure and worlis. The subsidisation of industries has taken the form of "taxntion remission certificates," and separate credits have been assigned for expendifure on public works. The results of this policy have certainly been remarkable. (imuman industrial production los revived and increa-cd to il degree that would have been unbelievable eighteen months ago. ('ortnin industries are more prosperous than others, c.g., the automobile industry under the stimulus of the motor tax abolition is working to record capacity, but the revival is fairly general over the whole industrial field. Increased activity in production is also balanced by a revival in domestic demand, due to the reflationary policy now being pursued by governmental and banking authorities. I vigorous programme of Public Works is also being carried through with rapidity and energy, the item in this programine receiving the greatest public attention being the building of new motor roads all over Germany. During the year under review the course of Germany's long and medium debts has been rough and full of alarms. In June, the Reichsbank announced that Germany would declare a transfer moratorium for all payments alroad except those falling under ·19 the "standstill agreeinent After some negotiations between the creditors and (erinan deltar ibe Oertas decision was molified and it was agteul that for the prried 1st Juls to 31st December, 1931, halt the amounts due on the long and medium tum lonne would tx tranderred abroad into loreiga curteaCICS, Ilir ather half being paul in masks into the konsensionskasso in Ihr creditor's name In Dereinlet thr Reichsbank announced that dur to lo-49 in its holdings of foreign schange and the detrnoration in the sport surplus position it was decided that os from the lit January 1931 tmntfers rould be made only up to 10%, of my fnents due the remainder being paid in, as urual. in marl, in the hontusionekin it the end of the review vrar, the alarming motion of the fiorian trade balance caused De Hry blank It annouder that Germans would no longer le able to make any transfers in the future In regard to the short torm credits to Germans entered is *uccessive stand till agreements, the latest antent was signed on February 29th, IN1, and runs up to Faliruara 193) The report embodying this new agrieteni diran, niitntion to the fact that there was a further fig reifurtion in the total of standstiff credits during the AT 1933 13) state that of mose Dormal muditions kort to Turn, listhunny 'n fisting sort term delt could not be considered to be at all levond let caprite to support In the Ancie to thie le port there is a la tipation of the additiopal esporta' *satom. Jucial method of cheouraging exports financed by tipy and repreferei inarke Germany contendo sul some reason, thine debts must in the long run le repard in the shape af forels an nirsores and the ber additional expirts represent lul filment of the economur truth be maintains that in ADT Cale Hier kan repas menta can only for finadreil from her expxıst surplu. and a metem sluch auments tlant surplus into the benefit of fier crrilators Bril tofurtice mas made in laut scar aofual report to the reurre of thie (Berman Government in March an! April, 1933 wu trouzht within the cope of the monopols control iritem all animal nu! veprlablr fats, mits ervarinr, hilserve oilcata, freiling suits an! grin The measures were ondertalen in pursuaner «I the optuultural policy of this and previous Gorria mrdly, tlsm crntral je snt ni burbs hos leta in spicur in German farurt 1111 in ruling tankrujicy and set bun on bus fort Aal lix assuming control of arricultural pmaducr price nad rationing the top the commo1110s which come into rumpet jou with firm preluction The ultration nf griculture by thes and the methus hae to d ult, arkleted its aim in irhallstatste 1) letnian farmer at bring op lisrk wpie nravure of properity in the faul, lufll has on the other hand bad ide crct it asetely curtailing the instation of a number of ·20 commoditing whirl Indin exports to Germany, 1.6., oilserds, oilcakes and feeling stufis. ilhether thenge rentrictive measury are of in temporary nature and only meant to suimnount current difficulties remains to be seen. Past experience has, unfortunately, shown that restrictions once put on thic Statule Baok are seldom dispensed witli and have a tendency to become perinanent. 1:11 T'onds the close of the year under review the trend of the German lade balance para the Cieunan (invernment cause for sitions aloum During January and robuunty, 1931, the customary ca pori surplein disippened and instead these wore large import bulances of 37 and 2 million marl respectively in those inonths. Mauch was almost un bol, as the point surplus was n magre : million marks. Thus, for the first quatre of 19:31, Cruany without the appAneh of her "xpost surplus and the omogence in its place of an import suplus of olivillion marks. The Pason fosse iluu bunga 11 thee trade balance lies in the 110sually locate importation oi materials and semimanufriure sounds while has been taking place for omnc months past in response to the domestic indittiinl boom. The authoritit took fright at tlus turn of uits, and in the beginning of March reduced the exchange import percentage from 50% to 1.3, of the 1931 basis. At the end of Vate this percentage was further reduced to :37",,, and after the close of the review rear there has been distir noslution to 23';. Vot content with effering a veurtion in the younge import percentage, the Government introduced emergency measure at the end of March whicli entirely puolubited the importation into Germany for a foponary period of a large numlier of law materials and seminianufactured goods. In this list of prohibited commodities were includel jute, cotton, hemp, coir and other textile raw materials, wool, animal hat, budes und shine, animal products (e.ge guts, Casings, eft ), d'estain 101-prei jous metals (e..., copper) and certain on. As most of the to measuren, though promulgated in Jarch, came into ettert after the love of the year under review, they will not be dealt with in detail in the present report. The intention underlying these prohibitive decreen 35, of course, the cventual bringing within the nonopoly control yotem of future imports of thene industrial 1. materials. The problem which the authouties will now have to solve is how the present industrial boom is going to be maintained when the industries have imposed on then a severe jationing of their necessary rat materials. I curtailment of raw materials will eventually result in the slowing down of industrial activity and a decrease in employment, both of which the Government will certainly be anxious to avoid. Surprisingly enough, sufficient attention does not appear to have been paid to this aspect of the question in the discussions on this matter, but a decision on the issue ·11 cannot lona be postpone and will have to be wa ir roonet or later So far as it is sulle fo fntcnt the future attitule of thr (insernment in in its fast a tionis anstrengt milline ma le to trigintain the lerel of rus material (parte anlit finante thrs payment is a Figorous rusease of Gerinan esguito During the year under reviem trade restrictions hare teru maintained in fall force in the majority of European countrira and in some countries further ad litions have been mode them Increase of custoins duties have been male in tle race of Ieveral cominodities in mans rountries and in general tra lo bartieto continue to dam the free flow of it ternational trule from country to mentis Before the internal rryiral inhint plare of the present moment in (untries en territe Added momentum ant le trasforme into a general reatorntion of world wide prosperits these tru le Carriers will fare pollet down in order to allow interfati nal en mere to ferul nnce morc large tracts ma le iarren li ntinue i deresen TI most notable among the a litional restrictions inult inte min during the posso unde serie at the French import gonta arstem as a plel to agrkultural products and raw materials and the a loption in Holland of refritions on the in queste ! cereals and feeling stuffs lluring the latter 1 all of 1933 tim French import quota sistem mun pitended to a large nunter of commoditine cxported from Ind 10 krantes fler lan peas, lentils, brans tjoyrs n! Jull ruftr) bidrs and skin. ) cakes olsenls and certaid manufactured goods such as inten manufactures and sports goods in regard to mans en for which quotas bare Iren establish firences are requir: 11 their importation In adlition * special im ne tirane 113 has ineo January 1731 lieen imposed in the care of critun agricultural commodities Holland has with certain mochila tions, a lopted the German nionopoly contri sinten in regirl to importe of certain coran odaties rhorl India rpme to Hollan! There incluir Carlry malim dani ani aileaker In titah Continental countries import Teetrictions fahr tie fare exchange control import licence. An import quotas sothel mostly in comil insation exchange introl plus import licence, es import licence plus quria an! in its rorida ( ridatle otstarice to the importata af grunde TI. consolation remains that time frstrictions are nyorial desires strated to tnert special conditions and that itb de temas al of thye raditions, wen normal tire* return t restrictirtis will also disa pear Teate ·02 Chapter III.-Commodities. An esaminntion of the main items of India's trade with Northern Europran countrins, commodity by commodity, sill be made in this chapter. The principal fratures of this trade during the year under rerios, 1933-1931, are spt out in the fol. loving paragraphs, and a reference is made under rarh commodity to some of the enquiries received during this cours of the year from Indian osporters and Continental importers. Appendices AI and A II give the statistirs of the imports into Germany of the principal Indian commodities together with the names of Indin's chief competitors in this market and their whares in the trade ris-ii-ris India. The statistics are in doppelzentners; one doppelzentrer equnls 100 kilograms, and 10 dopprizentners are equivalent to 1 metric ton. TUTE. The imports of raw jute during 1933-34 have shown a great improvement is compared with the past three years, and it is satisfactory to note that this improvement has been cquolly spread out over all the countries in Northern Europe. Inced, one nas to go back to 1929 for imports comparable with those thint hoso taken plare during the year just over. Jute may be considered to be a fairly accurate barometer of the state of porld trade and industry, and if the demand for jute during 1933-34 is any indication of the comparative artivity in general business conditions, a revival of work prosperity is not very far ofi. The domestic industrinl boom in several countries, to which reference has been made in the previous chapter, has been responsible for the increased consumption of raw juis in all the Continental countries. The Scandinavian countries increased their imports by as much as 65% by comparison with the previous year, while Holland, Belgium and France recorded improvements of 30, 27 and 28 per cent. respectively as compared with 1932. In regard to Germany, her takings of raw jute in 1933 advanced from 15,467 tons in 1932 to 111,029 tons in 1933, an increase of 46%. In 1931 and 1930 German consumption of saw jute was 83,350 tons and 89,609 tons respectively. For the quarter January- March, 1934, German imports of raw jute advanced to 34,902 tons as compared with 27,596 tons and 20,211 tons during the corresponding quarters of 1933 and 1932. Jute is among those rat materials those importation into Germany has been temporarily prohibited from the end of March, 1934. In the light of these figures the consumption for 1933 may be regarded as highly satisfactory. The preliminary acreage forecast in July, 1933, tas given as 2,479,800 acres, compared with the prerious year's rerised figure of 2,113,000 acres. These figures exceeded trade expectations and had a bearish effect on the market for a ·23 cinsiderable time after ords The final forecast 18 September. given by the Bengal Agricultural Department *** annunced A: 7,913 200 biler as against the rerused figure of 7037 10 Wales in 1933 Although the final forerat dil cot reseal an estimate of an exrere Tieli thr actual figure camm A surprise to the market The rarry oser froin the previoue crop 4 BIM fairly heart as roulencral lis the wingunt of oli crop offer inge at the time Tust be to the flow of the fear under seriex a comlanation of a criations in Bengal representing the mill industry, the balera the exporters ani the domestic deniers mulimited memorial to the movernt jengoni against the nulixities of the juir l'hatio in skrt og Armount of the allegal damage done to legitimate traile in the excessive speculation Carried on 19 thnt market The memenalists stated in the courte of this petition that while recognising the peril for future market, they maiptain that this pliath market ! o bnd one since the actual busing an i Aalling of jute represents only one yer cent of the transactiot the chief attiviti bring the werkis Aritlement nt differences One of the offerts of this was th raclude the inno-fide buses who could bur chraper in the lalel jute markrt, a higher prue than the nurket price bring the paarslonl Imost of the phatka netnutos The petition coded lis Asking that the inarknt should low constituted into a propor futurre 11arket liy suitable logicntion whirl should probati ile potle settlemente on dillerinere and alsoull out on their ketile ment only on the completion of a inntrict During the per uolar Teving there werry menderallo cre rruse in the sigurta of Indian jutr laga inito fortuny 1923 the amount of jarle lng fell tot II de «* teferral with 301 ile in 1913 and 19 19 dz in 1911 Jer tkr portoni Januari Marih, 1934 Indian jute lagt fer trased from 3 419 de in the Funne period of 1933 to onls 4 de 1. soranlı juta war hinx clath the statistics have thr 1 tile ta unli Id! Inperio into (irritant luring 1911 #err me ! 31. dx or mpared with 3 mille in 10 and 12th 131 For the quarter January Varrh, 1931, there werr ne rinj tle at all of working clith freni India at ein reil mith "de atu? I 4,7, de during the one sronding forude of 1943 ani! 1973 tin the thirt lul the total (irinin itirls all nickel for travel ini tus feralls in 1931 2. crmuted wil11. prix r th ?, in the first quarter of 1911**/ imperle of life tell axar to onls 292 de fintiu 14 I do in the cartrefaling quarter of 191 Rut total import of thing cloth in the qustirt Jatiwart Harri 1931 incrased to 1,907 do Impu I 141 dt in ?"11 The computatote who fare stirrer lal tf capturing a large portion of It lia • trade in lines and cloths in the fietnian market arr Mellanl. iirleiuri and Cerimentalit, *!« lalr all stthin rrent years improved their valra el lots od cloth ta (serrian rest easilerally 11 ·24 is quite clear from these figures that Germany is rapidly ceasing to become a purchaser of Indian jute bags and sacking cloth. The reasons for this alarming decline in German imports of jute bags and cloth from India are not far to seek. Mention has already been made of the fact that German imports of raw jute during 1933 and the first quarter of 1934 were comparatively heavy as compared with the three previous years. The local mill production appears to be gradually encroaching on the import trade and it is not unlikely that this development has the official support of the control authorities in riew of the policy 110w being actively pursued in Germany of creating a boom in industrial activity. Mention must also be made of the following causes that have contributed their share towards the falling off in German imports of jute bags and cloth from India and the steady growth in the imports of Dutch and other bags: (i) Practically all the bags and cloth are imported into Germany under the “Veredlungsverkehr" clause, which admits them duty free into Germany. As a great deal of agricultural produce is esported from Germany to Holland, Belgium and Czechoslovakia it is not difficult to establish the fact that certain German exports are packed in cloth and bags originally imported from those countries. Hence the larger imports of packing material from Holland, Belgium and Czechoslovakia. (ii) Many foreign buyers of German fertilisers, sugar, flour, etc., buy cloth and bags manufactured in their own national factories and send them to Germany for the purpose of having their purchases packed in these bags and cloth. These packing materials come into Germany free of duty, the fertilisers, flour, etc., are packed in them, and the bags and cloth returned filled to the countries from which they were originally exported. Formerly a certain amount of German beet sugar used to be exported to India, and this was packed in Indianmade bags and sent out. Esports of German beet sugar bave come to a complete standstill. (iii) It appears to be the case that it is much easier to obtain foreign exchange for payment to Holland, Belgium and Czechoslovakia because of the fact that there are large exports of German agricultural products and manufactured goods to these countries. The phenomenal increase in the import of jute bags and cloth of Dutch manufacture has probably been brought about by the clearing system set up between Holland and Germany. With the exception of Belgium, the imports of Indian jute bags into European countries remained more or less stationary. during the year under review as compared with the preceding, year, some countries, like Norway, taking a little more, while others, like France and Holland, took a little less. In the case of Belgium, however, imports during 1933-34 increased by as much as 35% as compared with 1932-33. Apart from Germany, no other northern European country imports jute cloth from India.

·Tivurs of jute forni one of the commodities to which the French import quota system has been applied India war clausfied Among other countries' which were allotted a joint quota of 4 quintale 1 quintal . ]n kingrass) for the fint quarter of 1934 The United Kingdom as allotted 372 quintals, Germany 141 quintala, Belgium 141 quintals, Switzerlandi 1 15 quintals and Itals 132 quintals The Frencli import statistics do not show that there si much uportation of juta tasues from India Thrso *** & roosiderable increas in the imports into Germany of jute cloth other than ricking during the scar under rerir The importation for 1971 was $816 dz 4compared with 6,327 de In 1932 and 3,637 din 1913 During the first quatre of 1931, however, there frete no imports of this pariets of cloth A« cumpareil with 1,211 di for the corresponding period of 1933 The following requires ate selirtes for mention from among the treeneil luring the course of the rear in !) ofice A firm of jutres rters in Colrutt*in grut in tourb with importrrs in Hamburg and Antwerp The Natur form was subsequrntir up. plied with names of suppliers of mond land flusion looms The Indian Jute Mills Acation (aloutta kapted information abnut the organisation equipment and costs of textile se carch 11titutions in Continental countries to serve AS a guide in establishing a trocarcli inafitute in Inlia for ibn Indian jure industry inquitke in madr in Belgium Germany Franer, and other countries and Jelasleid forination regarding research institutrs in those cuntries was forwarded to Calcutta A factors in Helgium manufacturing jutr tissues was put in touch will jute reporters in ('alcutta Sorwegian Grm of importers was put in touch with poorten of jutr bigs and besuon cloth in l'alcurta The firul rulajuentlt merugkot our ard sa obtintas intructions for other Indisa citatocities A Calcutta firm of jutr exporters was put in nuch with importers in Gerinany, felgium, Binmark, Trollani and Vorway an importing firm in I'rague was intruxdurmil to exporters of san jutr is Calcola firun in Yoonny who wanted in take up the agency of a me jule esporter in Calcutta *as pires the neceruiry introduction Ilamburg firmu wlin nanted to injort jute sacks and sarking cloth was put in touch with firing in Calcutta interested up thr enquiry firm in Brusels with branches in San Paulo ond 110 on Janeir wanted to trpimrni ibrough their South American hranebrs l'alulla jutr csgratter to wath Aartica ***nt out to India and the nimes of interested Calrutta firins thave been formatual to th frusela firm Another Helgian firin 12 Antworpo wante! to live introdurr ! o pule sporters in Calcutta deiting to le represented in Spain, »t the Belgran firm had branches ta qalm The nerary infrtulacf10nt were rected firm in Denmark fut in nucl mith exporters of jote twine, twit and jaro The enquiry ·26 COTTON. The imports of Indian cotton during 1933 into all the northern European countries represent a great improvement over the figures for 1932. The reasons for the increase in European takings during the year under review are: (i) The 1933 Indian cotton crop turned out to be a normal one as compared with the The 1932 crop, which had been an abnormally small one. exportable surplus in 1933 was, therefore, a larger one than in the previous year, after the local mills had satisfied their requirements. (ii) Bombay cotton prices were on a lower level in 1933 as compared with the previous year, due both to other causes and to the increase in the 1933 crop to normal dimensions. They, therefore, approximated in 1933 very much more to worid parity cotton prices, and this factor has always been the deciding factor in the purchase of Indian cotton by European countries. In 1933 Holland almost doubled her imports as compared with the two previous years. Belgian imports were slightly better in 1933 than in 1932 or 1931; and France increased her takings by 25% as compared with 1932; her imports in 1933 were double her imports of 1931. As regards the German market, Germany imported 192,348 bales in 1933 as compared with 113,179 bales and 200,914 bales in 1932 and 1931 respectively. Her imports in 1930 were 311,447 bales. Thus, while the 1933 figure is an improvement over the 1932 one, Germany is yet far from showing a return to her normal consumption of Indian cotton. As regards 1933, her total consumption of cotton was roughly 200,000 bales more than in 1932, of which increase India contributed 100,000 bales and America 100,000 bales. Egypt and Peru also improved their cotton sales to Germany. For the first quarter of 1934 (January-March) Indian cotton imports into Germany rose to 47,400 bales from 38,114 bales and 35,362 bales in the corresponding quarters of 1933 and 1932. This is satisfactory, as American imports decreased from 387,387 bales in 1933 to 357,638 in 1934. Egyptian cotton, like Indian, also improved its position for this period. Cotton is another raw material whose imports into Germany have been temporarily prohibited from the end of March, 1934. Cotton manufactures are one of the items to which the French import quota system has been applied. Just before the close of the review year å case occurred where a French importing firm had difficulty in bringing into France Madras fancy cotton handkerchiefs, as no quota was allotted to India. Eventually the parcel admitted the strength of the United Kingdom quota as a result of representations to the authorities. A cotton ginning and pressing factory wrote and asked the office to place them in touch with a good importing house in Hamburg. The necessary connection was made and the Calcutta factory is now doing business with the Hamburg firm. A Hamburg firm was put in touch with exporters was on ·of cotton and cotton waste taother llamborg firm us into dacel to exporting hopres in India for raw cotton Ermin Mannheim was put in touch with exporters of cotton and cotton Waste 1 Babie coltan Imker kanted to appoint agents in ratioucountries lle was introduced to agents interestei in his nquiry onllan lurt Intwerp Glent Pragur Tienda Paris Anister lam Warenk and G ti eni urf Spedes) nav orm manlal introdurlione in rajoitting houses in Inla "The Arce sary intro luctions were filed I Torwegian frm was put in touch with exporters of cotton ani cotton kaufe 10 Bombor 1 SX144 firm in iurich was introduced to cotton esportrys in Bombay and the Punjab LENT Import of Indian bomp upto Continental countries dunas 1123 dosplayed very 10Dderable sacreases as compared with the pre vinus Tear and prude en lence that lodian bemoj is gradually lut aureis regaining its grevious popularity in Furopean markets at I thot 1) e les and for it on the part of the Continental apinders ** returning rapally to formatº du ennone The revival of industrial Artists also largely responsible for the increase in 111p.rts during the period under irties ilelgium the largest ingle purri aur of lbdian boy on 1. Continent pearly iteblad her imquisits in 1937 as compared with the previous year but her takings are still on a lower lerel is comparion with previous imy nrts nererttelre it is highly atisfactory that she has onre norr rrsui ci fer role of being India principal renrumar France al norr than doulle! le imports of In 113n lomp as rema rer! with IIT. Gerin in imgurls of Inlian berp is 192.3 incorner) to 33 di fron 14 de in 1972 and 40 de in 1911 en myrrven eat of nearls u omnyarel with the previous yrar I or the quarter Januan March 1931 (opsmas sports delined pligtly tn 7.1 de mor 931 le in the coresponding quarter ol 1) 13 the lo sul thr la ligneatrite the impurtation of this react amnunt frem tir Iutch Fast Indies Ifrip sa alue (ne of those pas inateriale in un purtation into (ieniars Inverter firarıls jo bitiir 1 Nince the 1 ! Nasr) fact ri tn }<len (tsett anti #reta and asked to lip pat 111 turl with reporter of critain real varieties of tormp wichtim mere junlar in juiries were nale *nl the time finirse tri sj tits*ein rnor in 10 ihr firrmann (artory Ifrat 1n fure desisel to log ini deorin Temas esportere in ni lus il a ten to taktog up their karariro The feret art introlurlings were perfect A factory in If Ilani wrofe at lastele Pour ! turhish Indian reporters o mai ien for the hai uſacture of a riapr Inquis* wron Laluliani tie names of integreerd parties wife forward to 11 - Dutch factory A Gen an Brio wanted to be put in touch anit ut ·28 with the balers of a particular mark of Indian hemp with a vier to doing business The necessary enqunies were made and the name of the balei ascertame and given to the enquiring firm. A Bombay hemp dealei lo put in touch with importers in Antwerp, Rotterdam and Sweden A Danish firm was introduced to Indian exporters with a vier to taking up their agency for Denmark. in COIR. Imports of con fibre into Germani foi 1933 were only 5,675 dz as compared with 10,353 dy in 1932 and 9,242 di, in 1931. Of this amount India's share sau 2,793 dz in 1933 as compared with 5.078 d, in 1932, imports being nearly halsed; India's sole competitor, Ceylon, suffered the same fate For the quarter January- March, 1934, total imports of con fibre into Germany increased to 2,759 dr. as compared with 1,164 dz in the corresponding quarter of 1933 Though countries of origin were not specified, it may be talen for granted that India and Ceylon Toughly shared the total trade for this period. Imports of coir Jain from India, on the other hand, into all the European countries improved in 1933 as compared with the previous year. Holland, Belgium and France all took slightly increased quantities of coir yarn during the period under reviem. German imports of coir yarn in 1933 wcie 88,304 dz as compared with 67,933 dz 1932 and 58,847 dr in 1931, an inci case of 30% over the pierious year. The demand for con varu is mainly for the manufacture of cheap carpets and rugs and mats and mattings; it is also used to a very large extent in the furnishing and upholstery trade in connection with mattiesses and stuffing material for furniture, eg., chairs, settees, etc A factory in Brno (Czechoslovakia) manufacturing mats and brushey wiote and asked to be put in touch with large exporters of fibres and yarn. The necessary enquiries were made and introductions effected. A district officer in South India wiote and asked for names of Continental importers of coir yain for the purpose of sending them samples. Names of suitable firms were sent out to the official through the Director- General. A Swiss factory wrote and asked to be put in touch with suppliers of coir fibie and yarn The necessary enquiries were put through and the names of interested exporters were forwarded to the Swiss factory A Belgian firm was put in touch with coir yarn exporters in Bombay and South India. A dealer in Bremen wrote and wanted to be put in touch with exporters of special classes of con yarn to be used for special purposes. Enquiries were made in India and the names of suitable exporters were obtained and forwarded to the German firm. The same firm subsequently obtained oui help in getting introduced to exporters of coir mats and mattings. A firm of dealers in Amsterdam were put in touch with exporters in South ·23 India A firm in Yolalar xmlr ond gebed to be put in toor). with iroler. in Antwerp The nirauari enquirm were ina !r and the poules of interested dealers Here for ariel to India Nice iures of the statuslar for rire doring 1951 shota that Indian (including blurma) tu ann of the romaalities Per importe into the various furefrin ruuntrus Trirala drferiorintion instead of uinjiranement in i mpar190p with the in years sindiately preceiling There is a listinct and rendils ilurrall hange of dirty lifts in India * the reports away from Furope and tomiris la and in a liethat the change in direrion 14 grond for India and Burma 1 delntalle as fumpran rountries have been well customers in the hot and have always sud lugler price than other country i-ar vult which world rices for an anil kurma ke hotellen informer ma maintainril at a higher level than would have been proewhole bad Inilis's only customers weet Isitor and Siriran untsir 11 14 on this actiunt, more than otis utber that ons regrets to Imense the deceaning qurabilirsi bun rire tung tokrn be Farwan tountries irar in vpis ut is not unlikely that Tre 1دد لاحionlinue J کردیا ، ۱۱ بار الررر ورا ۱۱ ۲۰۱۱ 1,۱۰ 1 THR* wall bore 10 meille duan te vu 10*Insels in futurn years l'oline, an important customer in Indian rice, halved her purcbars in 1951 os ing no sols the persons war and only ind a theril nl nhat he is a 291 In onnection with the Imchat rice trade to l'all it will not be cut of slace to meu Hon hirst thin ft33}r}* 395*** *p> »I' land during then! month in forernmental inlee ka Iring irreure a bear on the J'obs- undbing industri in effort ihrer ne putrka.cy from Ihr d unite ahir) str malling in labr l'eslleks mannfartured posle in reluang ?le detrk sett st l'ilish merunt pondus along the line nou!11 valuir rru u« thatnt India.rtre role in 1919), which he limen rty valuable in It airsel, mens du mill acred carrtu! wairlunk. reft 2 elle as tur non it untries 18. luling thr United hindi nan furth their attratts si to this entnerd latter >>stem » they off so to es 1r» -*1*11. manularfurrit no ir fiele tuilelr rret kr for tlir ell tartet avstemi ( nutretterlatt trilr thie et persilts pourrails in 12 from the last post rifle (!? rent tra le frratira Apl Apremonter selules in the nurl hina) *ith a numero 11 luni in countrire 1 hre der 121 ! «st the future ran manufacturina rauntirs for trail with muntries **arm frenet illt ppsulu era sf raw maatrsal ll+* ft in with inli's irreni e tutisepetal treirolo ordt danger arnt fr*n therman will lase! se countered in w17 11 or ay ibes Holland in 19. tus pits orti a third of ·30 what she bought in the previous year, which again was nearly a half of her 1931 takings. Belgium was the only country in Northern Europe which increased her purchases of Indian rice in 1933 as compared with 1932, but her 1933 imports were 20% less than her 1931 imports. In so far as Germany, India's best customer hitherto, is concerned, the tale is not a bappy one for 1933, except, curiously enough, in the natter of polished rice imports. German purchases of Indian polished rice in 1933 were 45,949 tons as compared with 42,155 tons in 1932 and 40,683 tons in 1931. By the end of June, 1933, the polished Indian rice imports had reached 31,909 tons; by the end of September they were 40,645 tons, and at the end of November they stood at 44,252 tons. Thus, between September and December, 1933, 5,304 tons of Indian polished rice were imported into Germany as compared with 18,257 tons in the same period of 1932, and 12,010 tons in 1931. The comparative figures for the last quarter of 1933 are given in some detail, because, commencing with August, 1933, the German rice monopoly control authorities have been severely rationing the imports of polished or white rice into Germany. The policy in regard to white rice which is now being pursued in Germany by the control office is most probably based on two general considerations, viz, : (i) White rice being already polished and ready for table consumption does not provide work for the German rice mills. It yields no profit to the Hamburg miller and gives no employment to the German workman. Imports are, therefore, rigorously discouraged, a simple task for the monopoly control office to which all imports must be sold, and which can refuse to buy any particular consignment of rice without adducing reasons. (ii) The general consumption of rice in Germany is not officially encouraged at the present time, as it comes into competition with domestic foodstuffs such as wheat, rye and potatoes. There is a very large surplus of these commodities at present available in Germany due to the fact that Germany cannot export lier usual quantities to other countries by reason of tariff and other restrictions raised against her agricultural exports. Habits and customs die hard, horrever, and German people have liad a liking for rice for years, and hence imports cannot be too severely restricted all at once. For the quarter January-Marchi, 1934, total imports into Germany decreased from 27,944 tons in 1933 to 12,637 tons only. Of this amount, India's share was 3,656 tons as compared with 8,472 tons in the corresponding period of 1933. It will be noted from the statistics that both Italy and Siam improved their polished rice imports in 1933 as compared with previous years. Italian imports in 1933 were 11,291 tons as compared with 7,808 tons in 1932, while Siam rice reached a figure of 16,256 tons as compared with 10,979 tons in 1932. Both these countries, however, suffered set-backs during the first quarter of 1934.

·31 + Coming nin* ta unpolisheil nice, which forms by far the greater amount of the total ske inporte of Germany, German total linporta in 1913 decreased born 381 togs in those of the firerious yeur Imports of utipalsshed rice from Indn in 1933 wirre 16,3-3 tons ou compared with 219,671 foos in 1932, a decin nf +3,614 tons Inoxirts from the Dutch Eaq Indies declium sharply frozu 21 0'1] 1ony in 1932 0919 tons only in 1933, hut Stain inproret fier fosition from 6 (21 tons to 8.210 tons in 1111 The most notable improvement fonnier, is to the credit of this, shime parts of urilised sira jo 1933 mmebed 4.097 Inn ** comprei Kiti 1915 trinis tri 19 and 177 tons in This increuer in Italian rute oporte mas in attributed diretly to the Agrument to face it betteru the German rice millets and the Italian rue et authorities in Juin 1933, to ir no fere are will !* made 17 I or the quarter Jantary- Harris, 1934, imports of Indian unpoistel The Wire 23 903 tons as romjer mathi 1.871 funs in 'tend 571 tons in 1932 Itahan unwilliral tie jungeal frou a couple of tons up 195.) to C.,ANT Inn* 1 1931, wir am »,> >> Tri) bry poulion frorn 40' tone to 3,303 tons in 1981 Part of the decrease in the immta af unguilfredsher from India mas fx met down to the Benny manngulis at large pol used on ampists of Sweder me 1. Ilm sit. pes ton Ilus tuh pilially had the effect of killing the fordeler til traile to fermeny Italian ungulat Timmywife are almost a tinils intended for human winsumptio The minst immittant auer haries of the destras in ihr mpiri« of Indian ungabbro m during tbe ser under review atrite abcrease in tlir truirt of Italian ungolsteil nice thir ayrreinent burl was concluded linern the linin ricr muliers and the Inte Samale 16151, the lasciation of Itabas TIC producer, by whub Urr formes agreed to pusrhaur onnually 1.1%.£XXXtone of Italian anjaltakel rise and all the quantity in the firrmne rice mille for lietin donieafsemitirumption This agrenent will, it entried out in full, vers arriously offert imperts of Indian un trefire tire into semans the amount of Halinn ungulasemel syrr pun hasil Is thir firman mille in Krentis in spe«« of past normal armuuns fraim lals, and will fetud tu shpre annuilly a large anu unt of Indian rice whicle thir (lerina mile usualls puntas for willing purpose parang A has in en potroues mentioned its of polished cr hair al alert seintel (urtatlel, and later fome of the injuriou. finds of thr al normal impatto of Italian unzwished the ranrot for preved on to lisheliler import I'nglished rice imjorli from Indis, whicle is the loves uz: lier, wall bus in likely in maler tlir fort date fout this fiertuan-Italian rice apferment and in fact the statistics of Intl altrait I nw tie partial arts of thus agreeiornt so the shape of Afriw is! 43,614 tons the proporti el apolubel rits fra Iodia The reneuon o! the ·3:1 Gerinan-Italian rien nieomont crorils with the poliry of the German authorities to displayp the imports of white polished rice; and is previons imports of Halion viene 554890 mainly in the shape of policieel rile, the Italian tube has been disanted by the agreement from the polinkier to the polished variety. Thin prohibitive monopoly spirala som inne ut tlor linginning of 19:33 by the Common Conummit on the imporintion of rice bran has hard tlor aspected speelt of 19037 Bor looma pulting stop to this valuable trade with Grimur. Total imports of rire bran into licumany dung 19:33 only 11.07:} tena ilu compared with 138,721 tons 1152. Imeliste declined from 57,553 tons in 1932 to 10,921 to 114 in the 17!!! lindos aosiris. The alares of all the other countain who live in sine foran ilu tumblert clown in 1931 During thief?.11 for JORDANT - Mol. 13:31, inattera got far 15617", med fos then puros in the teral imposts of rire biran stood of the natulow figure of 39 teren in compared with 29,128 tuns in the 1011e-froning 1 of 1.93). Of the 39 tons, India was fronpanterlileo foi !!! tail : conta frissend uitla 9.1117 on in 19933??? 19.60) } 201114 in 12:32. The prolir y ví aflannien German linxronments lorea foori tlor partint 1910Brills bonos lo curtail spreely the imports of cattle fulles in croiros 10 prosent liome-grown ferling It is prolie that lin in all likelihood carne to stay both in (ierm.inly and other Europe.111 countries where the farmer han become the anionis 1011(ell of how linsernmint and has been missed from inkruptos los protestnental action aimed at protecting lum from the wront of the economic depronion of the last four or five years, I firm in lonna vita fint in touch with London houses importing Indian rice. The Bunun Rire Verplianta' l-wociation, Rongoon, wrote and asked to lie put in touch with manufacturers of rire milling machinery. Extensive enquiries in several countries vere made and the names of suitable manufacturers in Germany, Ilolland and Belgium hip been transmitted to the association in Rangoon. I firm of rice brokers in Rotterdam wrote and asked to be put in touch with exporters of Burm: rice interested in shipping to Portugal via Rotterdam, or direct. Enquiries were put through in Indin and the names of exporters interested in ihis enquiry were forwaded to the Rotterdam firm. A firm in Copenhagen wule and asked if we could put them in touch with exporters of rice and spices with a view to obtaining the agency for Denmark. The neressary enquiries were made and the introductions effected. Iwo rice booking firms in Sweden were put in touch with exporters in Calcutta and Rangoon. An exporter in Rangoon was put in touch with importing firms in Norway and Sweden. Afirm in Hamburg as introduced to exporters in Rangoon. firm of importers in Prague was put in touch with exporters of the better qunlities of Indian rice in ·EX1007IOY OF INDIAY ARTWARE AND FANCY SKIVS AT TIE LEIPZIG FAIR. 1934

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·83 122 Calcutta A firm in Copenhagen was introduced to exporters of rice and tea in Calcutta and Rangoon A firm in Jukarelo (Czechoslovakia) was put in touch with exporters of rice Hangoon and Calcutta An sporting firm in Calcutta vas intre duced to rice importen in Germany, Belgium Iranre, Deamort and Ilolland An iniporter in Warsas nas put in touch with Hurma tice exporters in Rangoon TEA AND COFF The tea restriction scheme thich embrares all tea producing countries and which is now in full prratton may be regarder As responsible for either stabilising the position reached in 1972, 10 far os imports are concerned or even asunng a derline in thou imports during the year under series I once and Germany are the tro main countries in Worthern I uroje ciclu Ilusin which import train ans quantities The former redured her purchase of Indian tea in 1941 by nearls Gir, atrompared with ile pressus year As lonte vet important muntry in regard to tea pussbaens from India it is forth while observing the trend of the importe into 1 rapre during rerent years The followiug talle pires the figures of French tea mirta #IRCC the year 19.9 In metrio quintalo (1 quintal - 160 dilgramu) 19:19 1930) 1031 101 1831 Britlah Tad 1,30 3.82 8,113 4029 #215 United Kingdom 39 4213 :14 China 2.631 :010 :927 2377 lac China 2010 2.3:1 OLDM Coupin ( ithutab Irlbere) 8 1017 Ron Total 15867 119 16 132 1493 pe DS ++ From the aimse ſigutre it will be seen that during the prar undes Irrien Imance imported more tea than at ang umr ore 19.3 The trade depresjon does not prir to hare had mucli offerte on her consumption of tea which is natural, copendering 1) al traurinku 11 pot a popular nation wide kalt in Fraorr On the other hand, Indian in fired verr Indls in 1933 India arrrare in to Irance since 1993 are snughly in the frigh nur bond) of 4,000 quintals, but in 1911 onls 2?15 quintalo ni Indian tra were imported the same !" the case with tra imported via the United Kingdom, kluich lise fallen bron, during 1972 and 1971 ar mampared with previous tran China tra hae not only maintained it. pirmus pasitur lut rien improved on 1 1979 193 But the most streslli fratur of the fathetical talle ake i the pokenntuenal inetrate in the 19«f? inta Irene of Jara te These were als Aman! if! quintale in 17 ani 1930 In 19try halffu wa tn 4,91quintalı, ani during the Frar under review the lead up in 1.3 quintal, roer Ball c ·34 the total imports into France. The price factor and the diversion of Java tea from the United Kingdom market, due to the Empire preferential duty on tea, have no doubt played an all-important part in the rapid increase of Java tea imports into France. It is essential in the interests of Indian tea that the tea situation in France should be carefully tratched with a view to counteracting the alarming development that is taking place in the French tea trade, as a result of which Jara tea is gradually ousting Indian tea from the French market; for it will be remarked that Java tea has not had any adverse effect on tea imports from China. Propaganda on behalf of Indian tea as Indian tea appears to be necessary in France and is a matter which will have to be looked into on behalf of the Indian tea industry. Imports of Indian tea into Germany during 1933 were 11,111 dz, as compared with 12,604 dz. in 1932 and 15,532 dz. in 1931. Jara tea slightly increased her share of the tea trade from 21,586 dz. in 1932 to 22,450 dz, in 1933. Ceylon and China teas remained more or less stationary during the year under review. For the period January-March, 1934, Indian tea declined slightly from 2,676 dz. in 1933 to 2,504 dz., whereas Java slightly improved her sales, which, in the first quarter of 1934, were 5,297 dz. as compared with 4,953 dz. for the corresponding period of 1933. It appears probable that the restriction scheme will keep European imports at more or less their present level for the next few years with slight annual variations and vill tend to prevent abnormal increases or decreases. The tea-drinking habit in Germany makes but little headway; and, so long as the customs duty on tea remains as high as it is now, not much growth in the popularity of tea as a beverage may be expected. A duty of Rm. 3.50 per kilogram makes the purchase of tea a luxury in Germany, and, as such, tea-drinking cannot possibly catch on in this country among the working and lower middle classes as is the case in England. In the present conditions, any tea to be successfully sold in large quantities must be cheap, so that the addition of the customs duty does not make the price a prohibitive one for the average housewife. The higher and more expensive grades will, no doubt, always find a sale among connoisseurs of tea, but this circle is an extremely limited one in Germany, which is essentially a coffee-drinking country. The cheaper varieties of our Indian teas ought to be able to find wider markets than in the past, provided they are backed up by satisfactory organisation and efficient publicity propaganda. Without this and Indian tea is not likely to register much progress in Germany. Adequate advertisement is absolutely essential if Indian tea sales to Germany are to be increased. Propaganda on behalf of tea in general ras made during the summer of 1933 by, the Verband des Deutschen Teehandels, Hamburg, in the shape of a very attractively got up pamphlet showing how tea ·3) should be made and prouing its sirtups as a leverage for both summer and winter and finally pointing out box shraj trs as a drink really was in the long run This delightfully illustrated pamplilet was widely distril uted to the retail tra le throughout Gertnadr and through the retailers to the restaurants cales an! refreshment glaces But this propaganda i ont enoord to un prove the anles of Ind, in tia It will be necessary to push Indian tra as Indian tea anl not only ou ten Sutalle opportunities for this kind of propagan la ran be crenti I through participation at household, grocery and conhers exhilations ile bir cities of Germany, et Berlin Munich ilonulurk ( lopne etc and it 18 anticipated that the Trade Ce tntnissoner mill in the near future lie in a position to take part in such exhibitions ani put in a good deal of useful irojahanda on behalf of Indian trs and other Indian products The statistical falle i lon xions the trend of trainiporta in Germans during the last few years la Doppelzentners (1 D 10) kilograma) Total Importe 19 Corian Burbetri. CARA 1013 4903 . 33100 161 4,3** M3 197 N93 17 ong 1930 1931 193 191 *1.07 13.1111 3,910 88015 10 en 11110 17 01 IS 45 ** 8-10 un 417 39 043 47 90 41 917 11. II 10 9m 9 و بما 7,0 11111 3.343 The figures giren ahore show that uinte 1930 the year when tra itaporte werk lugheat there has been a stea ir falling of in the total imports of tea into this country Curiouilt enough, jara (ro las improred its partition stradıls nince 1931 On the other hand injorts in in ther countries shox annual decreases since 19303 in the case of In lian fea a sharp derline oturred In 1933 wien importe drops ells almoet 360) di as compared with 1911 It ait le seen it at in 1933 Jaca il tjor as much tra a indin ani more than in 112 ans Ceilon at together One Trason for the spefrair o Jara tra in the German market durior the last two year is that a giant deal of Jara tra that urma] to en to the Unitel hing! m market las liten direttel to Continental murieta ir rracon of the referential datt en i mpirr tras in the Toited King lota Being cheaper, it has gained fround in thir ·36 German market at the expense of the higher-priced Indian and Ceylon teas. During the year under review, the imports of tea and coffee into Poland became subject to import licence. This licence has become a highly important document, for not only is it a permit allowing importation into Poland, but it also entitles the holder to a substantial rebate in the customs duty on tea and coffee. The issue of these import licences to importing firms is based on the compensation trade" principle, i.e., the authorities issuing the licence must be satisfied that Polish exports of an equivalent value have been or will be made by the firm. A Warsaw importer was put in touch with exporters of tea in Calcutta. A wholesale firm in South Germany wrote and asked to be put in touch with exporters of high grade Darjeeling teas either direct or through their agents in London. Introductions were given both to exporters in Calcutta and to London importing houses. Another wholesale firm in South Germany was put in touch with exporters in Calcutta. An importer in Bratislava (Czechoslovakia) was introduced to esporters in Cal. cutta and to London houses also. 1 Danish firm in Copenhagen wrote and asked to be put in touch with exporters of tea with a view to being appointed agents for Denmark. Enquiries were made and the necessary introductions effected. An importer in Vienna was put in touch with a Calcutta firm, who wanted to appoint an agent for Austria. Importers of Indian coffee into the countries of northern Europe during the year under review, have been fairly satisfactory on the whole. Though Norway decreased her purchases in 1933 by about 10%:s compared with the previous year, Holland and Belgium increased their takings, the latter by as much as 100% German imports of Indian coffee during 1933 were 8,418 dz. as compared with 9,746 dz. in 1933, and for the first quarter of 1934, 1.831 dz. as compared with 1,910 dz, in the corresponding quarter of 1933. In this connection it will be observed that the share of Brazil, Germany's largest single supplier of coffee, decreased by as much as 16% in 1933. Guatemala and Salvador ale the other two countries besides Brazil which supply coffee to Germany in large quantities. The coffee imports from these three countries somewhat overshadowed the imports from India, and the latter are emplorail for blending with the American varieties, Indian coſtee is never sold as pure coffee on the ('ontinent, and this was true also of the United Kingdom until very recently when Empire propaganda brought pressure to bear on wholesalers and retailers to market a pure Indian coffee. France is the largest single purchaser of Indian coffee, and her imports are therefore worthy of special attention. Her imports ·87 - for the four years endling 1993 or frin in the fllowing til Ia betric quintalo (1 quintalelm kilograma 1930 1931 1932 193 32,189 41,009 Druh 16149 1.231,63 91695 1 Or 119 190.4.35 125,636 1993 :15 413 Dutch Indore 116 433 121,350 2007 161.340 Vorarla 76,337 07.3 318 819 Total 1,788 072 1933,991 1,869,283 177 Indu 30 033 4310 It will be seen from the above figures that Indian ct feo formos A very small portion of the total coffee imported into Inace, her main supjlies come from the American countries, chief Hranil Indian coffee is invarially blended with (ther grades un branch and ser retains its identity Imports of Indian cobro recorded a very slight decrease in 1921 as compared with the pressous year, and the sime is the case with the total French importa Brazil and llaiti however improved their shores, the latter very ron uderably But the American countries can an nu Ane be regarde l as competitors of India On the otber hand, the quality and grades of Amerkan coffee importe tato trarre In particular sear kase & Jerissp nfluence on the amount ! Indian coffee required in that year for lending purposes The figuren fren in the French ktatistics regarling the amount </ coffer imported into France for the year 1912 npd 193) reveal a Jight decrease in the latter year #hercay the Indian rujurt statistics show a wlight uurteane for 1911 ax rempared with 1912 The durcrepancy retures the Irrnels an! Indian statistics in gevaril to the trend of the ci fire trade in France mas be explained by the fact that where ae the Ireneha tures are figures af artual Importation and do not in luds lxnlod aninunta the ladin antisting record all amount which are declared as intenir ler shipment to French port, and inelude amounts alebo in ernsal in France are put into bond C'ester has been trought within the Forneb in; it quota #ystem rinre thr mulllr of Isember 193} The rue pative qunine that are burn imposed on imparts of Indian Der uince thar late afpe it for fair and tinctory in comjarison with frient importation, and the applications the quoti statemu to indian citire is not causing an pirat hardehip Alcance !* tmurt) under the ritem for permission to import A firm in ('rrehnularakia mir anl getal to be put toto duprt touch with ciputters of care and tea ia ladin or will their fond n houses, at they do 100 rant to deal any more ibriub flamlıure The mesury infrolu tine in Indian rx porten auf all to loads inmfir hocket were filet 1 ·38 wholesale firm in South Germany was put in touch with coffee exporters in South India. Another South German firm was introduced to exporters in Bombay and Madras. Two Danish firms in Copenhagen were put in touch with Indian exporters in South India. A firm in Berlin was introduced to exporters in Bombay. The Trade Commissioner for Mysore in London wrote and asked for names of firms in Sweden and Antwerp who might be interested in taking up the agency of an important merchanting house in Dysore. Enquiries were made and the names of suitable firms interested in the enquiry were sent to London. A firm in Oslo, Norway, was put in touch with importing houses in London, sur- > DARI. The importation of this commodity into Germany has virtually come to a standstill on account of its being placed under the monopoly control system and the prohibitive monopoly charge imposed on imports of the article. During the year under review there was an import of 452 tons from India and a larger amount of 1,821 tons from Africa, and 789 tons and 630 tons from Persia and China. Compared with imports during 1932 and 1931 these lots are nothing at all. France has also restricted the importation of dari by placing the commodity under the import quota system. Imports into France had grown rapidly from 4,978 tons in 1930 to 9,386 tons in 1932 and 4,929 tons for the first six months of 1933. This large amount resulted in dari being made subject to a quota restriction. Total imports of dari in 1933 were 13,495 tons. For the quarter January-March, 1934, a total quota of 270 tons was allocated to dari. HIDES AND SKINS. The hides and skins trade to northern European countries witnessed a satisfactory revival during the year under review. The takings of most of the countries showed a considerable improvement compared not only with those of the previous year, a bad year, but also with the imports of the years since the commencement of the trade depression. This improvement is very largely due to the internal industrial boom which can be observed in progress in many of the European countries during 1933. Revived industrial activity has naturally stimulated the demand for hides and skins, both raw and tanned. The Scandinavian countries increased their purchase of Indian raw hides by about 25% as compared with the previous year, while Holland nearly trebled her imports of raw ħides. In regard to skins also, the 1933 position showed a great improvement over past years. Holland nearly doubled her imports of Indian raw goat skins, and France recorded an increase of 16% over the previous year.

·93 1933 414) os 16) 3019 India's share in the sleep in trade se unfortunately fiut separatels specified in the statusies published French injorts of most osns during the last three rears are giren telox Ia metno quintala (10 qaintals line im 1931 1930 Natus foto 4131 Morocco Algeria **3 Bruin 3.30 Total 19 310 467 500 Junipg the rear under resies the Ireneha import qunta sistem una madre applical In to furried hules and shine and to tanned hides and skins Inden has not been allotted separate quotas in any cay mase that of tanned goat and kil skins where she Was frien a, mpamte qunt of 200 kilograms for the period Januar-farch 1931 1. the French import statistics do not neparately sparify imiparts of Indian tunged skins it is difficult to yodge whether the quota allotted to India linn rau'rd aor hard ihop or not The figures posen in the tolle alte relatr to raw goat kin importa Jn the roon of the tinned hin. an! of Tannrd hudry Indian imports if anr have to participate in the guotas allotted to "other countries Coming to Germabr which is the largeat single consumer of Indian raw hides the hile trake during the vear under review howed a distinct improvement (sermanr purchaucs of raw Indion rowhole of the dry rariets for the last thren years are * follow In prolunien podz I mert ton) 1939 Anh ku 3994 4513 Rrezat <3 CM 31 411 Arsent de 43,34" si Total 119 31 Fmm three figures i ll be liced that Germans • total importa lave ittcrease! as in real kith the two piarious years But they still fall far short of them average images of the pres depression dark, K in the perim! 19., 37.2 ani a part deal of lenny will innse tu kwa madde op left the figures of ttore gran atr trarleel apun in those days Germany not only satisfel her own leather requirements lut was also a large jutter of leather manufactures et mani un pran countries The latter bare not atteintr! to shut out therr rausta tr mirani of tarıl anl other retricties Con ejuentir it open to doute whether (vermisst in the fu1017 all purel aso iurli large quantities of hidrs from India 4. le sel to do al ut right to len rats ART It se nerertheleu a titler fratilacting that roms retiral ia bet kude surrkses af forant to be takief place 1931 1923 ·46 an the improvement in 1933 being 27% over the imports of 1932. The above figures also disclose another tendency of interest to India. For the first time for many years, India's sales of dry cow hides are greater than those of the Argentine and Brazil, and India in 1933 has, after a long lapse, regained the premier position she used to occupy both before the war and for some years after the war in the dry cow hide trade to Germany. The increase in the imports of Indian hides during 1933 as compared with the previous year is proportionally greater than the increases recorded in the case of Brazil and the Argentine. It is, therefore, regrettable that for the quarter January-March, 1934, Indian hides had to give way again to Brazilian and Argentine hides, though they recorded increase from 720 tons in 1933 to 977 tons. The explanation may lie in the fact that exports from India of dry salted hides become comparatively heavier later in the year, when the warmer weather permits the drying and salting process to proceed more rapidly. During the year under review there was a phenomenal rise in the imports of Indian sheep skins into Germany. Imports rose from 30 tons in 1932 to 154 tons in 1933. Russia is the main supplier of raw sheep skins in the German market. But the variety of raw skin which Germany imports in great quantities, is goatskin, and she satisfied her goatskin requirements mainly from India, Spain and Egypt. There was a slight decrease in the total imports of goat skins in 1933 as compared with the previous year, and both India and Spain shared in this decrease. For the period January-March, 1934, however, total imports were considerably above those of the last two years, and India's share during this quarter rose from 135,773 pieces in 1933 to 384,105 pieces. There was a similar increase in imports from Spain as well. German purchases of Indian reptile skins suffered a set-back in the year under review after a phenomenal rise in 1932 over 1931. The number of Indian skins decreased from 640,329 pieces in 1932 to 546,336 pieces in 1933, though this figure is well above the 1931 figure of 183,978 pieces. During the last two years, Germany has begun to buy prepared goat and sheep skins and lamb skins from India in large quantities and her purchases during the year under review recorded a huge increase over those of the previous years, as the following table shows:-- Goatskins (in pieces). 1933 India 512,573 1,827,645 United Kingdom 126,238 508,028 1,119,877 1,215,988 2,034,210 3,649,396 1931 1932 Out Total Sheep and Lambskins (in pieces). India 155,468 676,717 United Kingdom 2,233,198 2,790,970 4,557.382 France 1,378,023 2,368.826 2,776,708 Total 6,011,177 7,528,314 10,501,671 ...

·import: from Orrat Britain Intl of guat skins and sleep and lamb king, also increased sen monsterabl, in 1933 It will be observed from the above statistics that Germanrı requireurot in prepared goal skins recreaerd bis 50% during 1933, and a prepared sheep and lamb #kids lis 13 Taking bades and skins on the whole, it will have been seen from the German import statistics that demand during the sear under review bas expanded appreciably. The expansion has been caused by the increas in industrial activity in most difertions during 1933 A large part of the stimulue imparted to the demand for lenther is dge to the National Socialist movement in Germany abich during the year under reriew, has taken over the Government of the country and has developed into a nation wide mosement It nestimated that there are enrolled in the parts as Storm Troopers and Special Guarda (S A and SS sens aliout tuo and a halt mullion to three million persons All of them se ir a purt of their l'arty uniform long bonts, leather belts ir straps chin atraps to their rapa, and konpick The leather requirements of the great political army have been a decisive factor in reuning the actritica of German lenther factories and this but in turn resulted in an increased drinand for hides and skins fmm abroad The domestic boom in the country has also te ultri in an increase in the purchasing power of mans claves of people whn have been able to spend more mones on the purchase if Ixin nod shoes and other leather articles It is therefore all the more unfortunate that just at this moment when the demand for huiles and alias has appreciabli imrored in comparison with the immediately preceding verrs, the German Gioversiment bas for a trmporary period, placed an abolute prohibition on the importation of all hides and skins intended for the mapufacture of leather The prohibition came into force at the end of March 1974 and is due to remain in forre till the end of Joy control office La been established for lades and shine and it is anticipated in trade circles that the leather indu.tr mill be rationed accord 10g to Decestars requirements from time to time This control lound to exerrar a restraining influence on the imports of hides and mains, unleat the enlarged requirements of the leather Industry are allowed to in satisfied freely and fally From 1911 experiener ol forronmental control Inth in Germoor an! other countries, this is not likels ncrurtebre firm in Antwerp *me and asked to be put in touch with exporter of trptile and lizard skin The necessary intru durtioas were made The sum frmolquentlr mught our drip in regard to other custoditira Isorber ptwerp firm who wanted to be as ponte] - apanse for filme riporten was placed in fruch with firine in tutta and herarht interested in Grm in Oslo, dervar, *as intrebared to esporters ibe enquin ·42 of hitles, skins and furs in Bombay and Karachi. A firm in Bergen was introduced to exports in Cawnporr and Karachi. A firm in Amritsar wag pui in tuurli with importers in IIamburg and Rotterdam. A firm in Jaipur State was introduced to im. porters of reptile and fancy skins in Tamburg. A firm in Paris wrote and asked to be put in touch with exporters of hides, skins and tanning materials. This was done. Another Paris firin sought introductions to firms exporting bark-tanned and chrome-tonnal leather, Iinquiries were made in India and the names of suitable firing werr forwarded to the Paris firm. A firm in Lille, France, was put in touch with esporters of tunned hides and tunned sheep and Inub skinn. A firm in Sialkot wrote and asked for names of agents for furs in skine. Enquiries mere made and names of suitable firms in Ilamburg, Brussels, Rotterdom and Stockholm interested in inking up an agency Frere fortrarded to India. Hamburg firm was introduced to exporters of fancy skinų, furs and gont-hair. Osreds. The year under review has been il satisfactory one in regard to the importation of Indian oil-certs by the various European countries. 'Groundnuts, linseed, i.pesmedl, rantor geed and sesame secd have all shared in the improvement that orcurred during 1933. France and Germany are the two principal purchasers of Indian seeds, and Ilolland and Belgium are also important customers. While Hollane und Belgium decreased their takings of Indian groundnuts, both countries imported Indian linseed in unusually havy quantities in 19:33 as compared with the two previous years, though the 1933 figures still fall for short of the usunl purchases of these two countrica during the predepression years, 0.8., 1926-1929. France purchases very large quantities of groundnuts from Indin, mostly of the decorticated variety. Her imports of undecorticated nuts are mainly from hier own territories in West Africn and also from British West Africa, and her imports of Indian undecorticated nuts have been steadily declining erers year since 1930. In tlint year she took 1,171 tons of un. decorticated nuts from Indin, but in 1932 the imports had declined to 1,537 tons and in 1933 ther were still further reduced to 728 tons. Imports of undecorticated nuts into France for the past three years were as follows: In mctric quintals (10 quintale=1 metric ton). 1931. 1032. 1933. British Indin 33,617 French West Africa 2,067,797 British Tcst Africa 470,000 Total 3,072,800 15,372 1,699,008 •148,798 2,210,401 7,257 2,907,019 362,635 3,326,869 ·13 In regard to decorticaled groundnuts, India is the largest supplier with British West Africa orcupring second place Tho following table gres Trench importe during the last three years la artria qulatals (10 qantelial metre ton! 1931 1937 Bntial Indla 4018 2695373 309 9T Britlah last Africa 631 CAT 1174850 1 161,818 Totat J 415 71 4432907 4843700 From the figured it will be obarried that whereas Afrena importa were snore or leas atationary in 1933 Indian imports increased by 37,459 tons as compared with 1932 Total im ports into France of linseed during 1933 *ere larger than in the previous yrar, both Indian and Irgentine linseed sharing in the increase The folloning table shows Trench linseed imports during the past three years - In metro quintals (10 geintalo si totrio Ina) 3931 195" 1013 Hritish fol 484 803 32,217 402,33 Angmtina 1 933 60 1*34433 20133.0 Trench importa of rapeseel also showel increases during 192.3 as compared ith the previous tao sear and it is mataac tory to note that India , increase was greater than that of her competitor, Houmania Tlir following talle fire, the breach imports of raprexecil during the past tlıree years In Britio quintal (10 quintaler i metno loa) 1901 2012 1933 British India 69 MT 61.138 102,811 Roumanis 37497 7,818 33315 In August 1937 new custotne tases were imposed in France on oileido most of which had hitherto been free of daty Thr following talle fires the new French import duties Dow in force on ladian oilseeds franc/centimes Undecorticatri broui laut. jer to kilogramin 8 Desarticato lamun Inuts I er 11 kiloqrains 11 Kopra Tattoth are! I pored Rapesee 1 990 Palm kernel 11 50 Carter som Tesame med 1910 (ther rorts 11 . 17 ·ܝܐ ܀܇܇ ܩܝܫ ، ، ܃ ܃ ܐܼ، ، ، - ܀f..ܐܐ -- - ;c, f : ܙ ܀ ' , ܀ -- ܀ ܝܚ. ܙ ܐ ܝܐ ܂ ܃ ; ܗܫ .. ܫܝܕ 3 ܀ ܪܙ 3» ::-; -:i : ?:::-: .. - ܨܕܐ .11 r : « ; ... " ; .. : ..f « ru ! . ; : ; ; . 1 : .. : fܙ::31܀ ܝܕ: : :rc ; ; ,,: ، ;; ܀? .:i ܘ ܕ-r܃ ܃ ܃܇܇܆܆܇ܙ ,:: ;::: ܐ. ;; ،'r! .! ܙܫܕ :; -. ܙܝܕ .'ܨ ·<3 The general improrement oberrred in the German oilseed trade in the year under n tiek it the result of the application of thr monopols control ** stem to the importa el oil, lila (regelable and animal) and olcakes In Ipril 1921 the Goremmeat control office for oslo and fats passed onlers to the efect that import permits for oila an folt noull le granted to the ind on a fractional bras of the quantities posted during 1931 and 1972 In most cases thre frartional hins as three twents fourth of the imports of those years and wou made applicable to rapeared ost linreed mil, ktoundnut oil rofton seed oil TO bean oil and other fatty oils with the exreption of rastor oil These orders bare remained in force throughout the sear under series and their effort in causing a derlinie in imported code liss Pren el forced by the payinent of a substantial fasernmental bounty sa the production of certain varieties of male from home-grown Feesta The mluctxin in fise imports of oils raused bs thiese measures liv undnulitedly gives a stimulus to the importation of ouderede for the maputirtuse of oila fate and margarine This mulus nas further strengthened by the restruirons impoved 01 importe uf inteign oileaken, on which comparatirely Leary manowily currharge or lessed with a ve* to discouraging heir imputation Oleds baie the burnefited in the serie Onn on oile, fute anil ol des imported from al roar! In April, 1993, mleeds also nire brought within the roopx the nonpoli control myslem mit the oljert of recluring im rto il possible In the mitut the shape has not loan attained to causes that were not nt the lime intrecen The orders ar redd the following monopol furs barges or fees on imports Blonde imported for the manufacture of Man 4*? porr ten Pilecede suported for feeding an oflirt purposes Ben 1000 these modne reinained in lesre throughout the period 'l lor fer o mare par fou on levels was D tal sum onil and not reste tout as a deterrent in importa, Batmahl intended as such The formue of the free compri urre hasta to se uster the amount of their imports he contrul office Thir inerentes in this stuporte of orlarede ily duriug 1911 have not up in the present resulted in Refueron within the orders praubining the importe al raw material for a frmjetar peral As 10 Iron the case Itop, jufr, kides and skins, ce porting film in skott AS aftulural foolsreds Intwerp. Rotirnlam and llamiurko Ihiatrla firm ra was put in fourl with TJ*rtets of inpelard sal mil a Calcutta and Borular in raportet in Ihmlar I touch with dealere so llamburs, daiwerp, Nottenlus, f ·46 Stockholm and Copenhagen. A firm in Madras wrote and asked to be introduced in groundnut dealers in Hamburg and Rotterdam. The necessary introductions were given. A firm in Amsterdam wrote and asked for names of exporters of copra and groundnuts. Enquiries Tere made and Indian firms interested in the enquiry were introduced to the Dutch firm. A firm in Poland desired to be introduced to esporters of brotn mustard seed: firms interested in this enquiry were put in touch with the Polish enquirer. A Hamburg firm was put in touch with exporters of kongseed, mustard seed, poppy seed and copra. firm in Antwerp wanted to take up the agency of an exporter of groundnuts. Enquies were made in India and the names of interested firms were forwarded to the Antwerp enquirer. A firm in Brussels was introduced to exporters of niger and rape seed. Afirm in South India was introduced to suitable firms in Hamburg and Antwerp with a view to appointing agents at these two ports. Another South Indian firm was introduced to exporters of cashew kernels in Hamburg and Rotterdam, OILCAKCS. Imports of Indian oilcakes into the various continental countries experienced a bad year in 1933 and all the principal varieties of cakes recorded decreases, in many cases substantial, ats compared with the previous year. This is not surprising in the face of the many restrictions imposed on the importation of oilcakes in several countries. India's cattle fodder trade to the Continent has suffered especial damage on account of the regulations introduced controlling imports of feeding stuffs and having for their object the protection of the local farmer and his feeding stufi crops. Moreover the obstacles placed in the way of the international giain trade have led to the accumulation of surplus stocks of grain in the majority of the countries, and one method of liquidnting these surplusen has been to utilise them as cattle facier. This accounts for the growth of restrictions against imported feeding stufis. In addition, the increased supplies of oil. reeds purchased by continental countries during the year under review gave an impetus to the local oilerushing industries, and hence the supply of locally crushed cakes was in a position to meet the total demand for cakes to a far gicnter extent than before. 'Though Holland increases her purchases of groundnut cake during 1933 by nearly 20';, as compared with the pievious yeur, her imports of linseed vahe declined by as much as 37% in the year under review. In December, 1933, the importation of all kinds of cattle cake into llolland was placed under a restriction system very similar to the (ieuman monopoly control system. Licences were sequired fo all imports, and importation was permitted up to & limit of 1011), of the ayrlage quantity imported per six months of the basic period, July, 1931, to June, 1933. The ·47 intention is to copfine importa el cales to the limits of preri scats Though the limit impezard " a rompotatisels genen one, the 83 stem will naturalls hire the effect of depreses ragnate of milenkme into Ilolland sn the future and this rátect already made itself felt in the afatin of the year ander price Turning to Germani *bene of India's principal pur rhineers of oilrales, the position has luring the roriet rent naturally deteriorated va ser of the spiere rettirisons improved on the mistation of ferding cakes in herh kure txeen in forre throughout the period under resit With the esception of cotton moti case, the recorded an increase of $ (the surris of Indian rider US mall in prej ortion to the total consump. tion of atton (aliaj sll the other varieties of roles declined runud talis in 1'33 as stupired with 1934 Groundnut cake from India letea eil from 78 of, tuou a 1911 to 57 887 tons in 1931, while linseel rito fell of pols ft m + 189 tons to 1,681 toas The onls consolation or ofte #thol total consumption also declined as well as the area of loan competitors, though in the race of lower cake the sterne in Indian de wae as much a« 67, while the online in Russian cakes was The (verman import guns for the perseri nusry Harrh 1931 are Imileed alarming, futke following tables reserl - In Doprirenterre (10 mrtno lon) Groupdaut Cake Jan March Jua March Jan Marea 1932 ladet Atalant frent Total ?R! 314197 16) NYI 67:7 21:02 6*7719 toto ARANY Total Land Cola 19,20 1 317 ar 31 6314 x ودا at the main the works of orkakas nin fiersants will dinindi I mrro nothing to empre asth the ti nt tradle puut This artefr der sie in the imports o utralus into Germany the main due to the front atse sunt aller fres ! d on tril rales under the fue hojat un metrin 1 root afmont wing of the series sear, the Blecharge u all imported! ** nt as high as I m 110 - pet din In the first month, • item, the suonopols sur larse en el ales cruelmi ard Boxallt was only I'm I - ppt lin #luch acted as ul stimulus folir mi taluo it oslustus to which por dos dies made in jieriøye paragraph Gubequeatly ·48 the surcharges on imported cakes and locally crushed cakes were levelled up and the general charge on all cakes, whether imported or locally crushed, was fixed at Rm. 60.- per ton. At a later date the monopoly charges were varied for different varieties of cakes, and the following scale of charges was in force for the rest of the period under reries: per meiric ton. Linseed cake Rm. 53.- Groundnut cake Rm. 60.- Soya cake Rm. 63.- Other sorts of cakes from materials falling under item 193 of the German Tarifi Rm. 50 . ... am It will be observed that these regulations are applicable both to imported cakes and locally crushed cakes, and their intention is to discourage as much as possible the use of cakes made of imported materials and to encourage home-grown feeding stuffs such as barley, maize, rye, etc., and cakes made from home-grown materials which are not subjert at all to governmental control. This was one of the objerts of the German bounty on oil extracted from home-grown seeds, to which reference has already been maade. Imports of oilcakes into France are not nearly so important as her imports of oilseeds. In fact a large part of the domestic demand for cakes is met hy the local oil-crushing industry, and there is even a comparatively large surplus of locally crushed cakes available for export to other countries. In the French import statistics, the different varieties of oilcakes are not separately specified. The following table sets forth the imports of all oilcakes into France for the last three years : In metric quintals (100 quintals=1 mctric ton). 1033 1931 1932 3,443 4,936 103,487 9,849 133,919 India Roumania Belgium and Luxemburg Total 415,621 774,788 539,338 1,065,282 586.977 1,097,977 From the above figures it will be seen that Indian oilcakes have substantially improved their position in comparison rith the two previous years, and that the total French consumption of cakes is steadily improving. It will also be observed that Belgium appears to supply France with practically half her total consumption of imported cakes. These Belgian cakes are in part locally crushed cakes but a fair amount of these cakes imported into France are foreign cakes re-exported from Antwerp's great Farehouses. During the year under review the importation of

·DATARTW
EXHIBITION OF INDIAN SPORTS COODS. CARPETS AND INDIAN COTTON
LEIPAG FAIR, SJL

·No text on this page.

·19 This 15 leates was brought within the rope of the French import quota ystem Importation " nox subject to a Drence which is issued in regional directors of customis The oilrake quntn does not pecify any particular country and 35 fixed at 300.000 quintal. or the quarter Janurry-March, 1934 A Pentrous Allowance and represents fully 100 nf the sinports of 1933 a fomu rear The cause for coarplaint is rather against the iniposition of i special licence tax on top of all the other tons such as import lor and the surtaxe d'entrepot This apiersal tar is baved on the oil content of the cakes ituported Cakes with less than 1.501) content pay a tas of 5 franes per 100 kilagrinus cakes with a content of 12, to 1C", 16 frants and cake with more than JC" oil content 30 francs Alanish firm wrote and asked to lve put in touch with exporters of pilcakes and other feeding stuffe The nereuats introwluctions were fiset to firtus iti Honds and Calcutta Another Danish firm wrote and and they hanted to secure the pole agency for Denmark al larte shipper of groundnut vales The neregenry enquiries are being made in India with a tira 10 accertaining the names of firme interested in the enquiri 1n oil mill in Ahmedabad lerrel to br put in touch with importera of castor, linseed and proundnut cakes introduction, terraren to merchants in Ilomburg (openhagen lotterilam and Sweden A firm an Calcutta nas put in loue li with posters in Hamburk and Antwerp A firm in Sweden wanted to take up the agency for Sweden of an orl mill producing groundnut and lanepeil roles Taguiries were made in India and the numes of Indian shoppers interested in the enquirt nese forwardil to the Surabendi firm A firm in Rotterdam was put in touch trith exporters of groundnut rakre and groundnut ml A firm in llamburg nas introduced to exporters of castor sced and linseed cake Another Hamburg firm was put in tourls with exporturn of lin-red and entlon red cake and copra ile An ontwerp merchant was atroduced to exporters of groundnut and linseel cale with a view to taking up their agracs for Helgitsit Haml urg firm au pret in touch with exporters of groundnut cake in Bomtry and conda Thir ane firm subsequeath inseker our aud) on rrgasd to rutteneral anil costor ont Luc Ann Suri LAC During the latter hall of the seat under rerire threr has en wat deal of artists in the international lar ani hellar markat l'art of this compartirr netiny i bacut on the solid foundation oltrrived in industri pracralls and the sonournt inseair in the demant for leilar and the rating tipier of lar mm thr Praeler uung Ihrer commoditie But it is also partly dur to speculatie purchases lac oal thellac are peculiarly liahle to → ·this danger, that, if priers rise ton luigh, then the manufacturer who require thienpo proslurfs will turn 109 :nthetir nuestitutas de the matisfaction of their requirements, ruperrially if the syntheti substitutes are uniform in qunlits from year to gror and their prices are not subject to furinntinn. I splorasiese of srliall. scientific data patimating the firsble outiuru of lar from 5ar to your is much to be relirtti, ith it in thin chin ('stle of the speculative artivity in this postigenlity. During the year unde: review Germany lorem her talink M 111 1:1 and shellac, the former falling from 2370 fot is. 1932 to 2,058 tons, sthila the lattes son indurre los 1.777 tropen from 1,921 tons in the previous year. On the other han.), Frame improved her purchase of button lure and whellir lus lout 17 .. Bilgium ulo apprrri. ably improved hier taking in 1933, --pinlly in regard to secdlac. A firm in Poland tisubo and lord in low put in touch with exjmiters of shellar. En ser els out the names o! intero-lord shippo Write foi witelmil tv th Polish firm. A firm in Cairutta was introduced to pinportes ou frillion in IIamburg and Antwerp. Another (alcutta firm 1.118 cl to appoint in agent in Hambur. Enque, were much and the name of suitable parties interrutmal in the inquiry wrist apost out to l'alcutta Alina in Holland sits introduced to sprostrego of stiching and shellac. A firm in Vienna santril to tales on the spenney for dustria ol shippers of shellac. Enquirirtere made in India, and the names of interested rutputtesn ssrile transmitted to the Vienna firm. 1 firm in () Jo, Vorway, with put in tourl with shipper of shellar and button lies . firun in Hamburg was introduced to exporter of cellue and whellar. firm in Antwerp wanted to be introduced to slipper dronico di appointing agents for Belgium and llolland. 1inquins Here made in India and the names of intermerd parties were given to the Intwerp finn. Woon iso l'Im... A revival in the building industry in livrany (peated by the subventions granted by the authorities has enlarge the demand for teak during the year under review, is the following figure show: In Dopplocntnija (lo 1):.- I intric ton). 1931. 1932. 1933. Indin 1,6310 6,318 U.S.A. 1,977 1,1129 Siam 1,1311 1,113 1.617 Total 10,330 1.920) 10,013 It will be seen from these figures that India accounted for more than half of the total imports of teak during 1933 and ... ... ...

·that the increase in the case of lies importe mas as high as 12 This increas in the imports of teak sos continuri into the first quarter of 1934 when itmis ften lidna reap frem tons in 1933 and 197 Ions in 1932 10 0-3 tone in 1931 Is the building boom continuer under the winylus of pusernmental influence imports of Indian trak may le expectel to increase in the near future A firm of timber alenta in 0«lo ormay, desired to take on the agency of exporters of times in India Enquiries were made in India and the names of interested shoppers in (alcutta and Rangann mere fornardeil to the (W<lo firm firm in Bremen was put in touch with exporters of teak and other hani modo A furniture minulacturer in Gorlitz Germans was introduced to exporters of tools uitat le for furniture manufacture firm in Hamburg was introduced to support of Indian fari foods firm of furniture dealers in Turners sermans wanted to be put in touch with exporters of Indian funes fonds enquiries were made in India and the names of suitable firins fornarded to Orpberg llamburg firm was put in froh with exporters of teal and eatino1 in esporter in Kangrun was placed in touch with unporters of the wel in N tferd 1111 and llamburg A firm in Bremen 175 introduced in tenk wool ciporters in Hangona A firm of furniture manufacturers in Frankfurt Germans, was intrexlued to exp rters if rosemond and other wood. kuital.le for the manufucture of furniture JINE 19 Imports of Indian pis imn into Germany decreased from 9.111 jong in 1932 an! 15.376 tons in 1981 in 7 168 tony in 1997 Sweden and the Smit improved their shares in the pig iton tra la fairly substantiallo Asuports of 18 ron into Furopena countries are controlled by ti internatetul cariel which allots quotas in different countries the import fourrs of its iron are ant in bıraleve of prutels tra le tendence during articular tror German pure lines of Iniliin tin alen drupit,18: op« in 1967 from 912 tons in the į prs10118 HOT Ilie Dutch Indies on the other hand, improve I their «iles los pearls doulle and susilie! almost hall titotal (itfurte al 1492 tons Jer the quarter Januari Jarili, 1931 Inulin tin imorts were rolured I. Almond halt as my red with the curseunding quarter of 113.1 the utrk in lieu o mitoring teir position los "pp The following fgyors show thamimjnite of man ganrw into llegant In Doppelrentoe (10 d1 i per al 101 1 1911 111434 1 tula Itata pin TA ter 14 Una 23 1967 *** 317 111:5 109813 ·02 It will be on that Girst Wil i great improvrinent in the imports of Indian manunua shuning the year under trries ar.? that the dispepney breupen 111 112 and Indian imports 64 noi so morked in the fuo porriding malls. For the first quarte: of 19:, there ju, Ivo Nesri. i 1041rfliable. Arroyog4p in indiak importy, the figure falling in 109,976 Di. in 1933 to onlr 15,107 D;. in 1934, he was an improved its position bir nearly !!!!... lir?110111s prere born of nickel ari wolfram hosted improment, ".port zally wolfrain, where imports 10" (10 6:3! (01 in 132 to 10:37 frosten in 1933. Imports of Indian pin learl into lirr 31.01y full from 1.636 tons ir. 19:32 to 1 IIIo so os tornju !! 1:37:). fisimman purries of mira important sights inom .?!!! tropje is 1933 vs 344 toista in 1933. Patatlin and import (101. Imia itinto showed an improvement of j0... 1931 Fallen und Brennan se lire e msl...... of Indian manganes, fare larger than it's1.18. Brojnin seslurpri bor taking in 1935 by 7. its comporrel sth 1993, u Istri i111ports were redur! by 20 The following ligute, hos mangarape imporly into l'raner fc: llie past these years: in nr.: wineyl. (10 quinta's Insii fon). 1932 1933 131, -1.157 31.339 1:11 - 1 13'').in 1.672,513 2.214,103 Ifréz-li Afring 310711 673,5 Torni 3.039.773 It will be obsesion that there fra born it or decline in the imports of indian wangi during the last three years and that Riza las not only supplied the deficientes but has made sprite inroads into the Prochmhet. In 1931 Russian aul Indian manganese were on mual terms, but loy 1933 Russian imports were treble those of lman, and represented half the total Temel imports, and even Ifrican imports were higher than Indian imports. French imports of mica in 1933 were slightly higher than those of 19:32 In the land two years love been depre-sing by compari-un with the normal imports into France. In 1930 imports of mica stood at 1.145 tons; in 1931 they sank 10 473 tons; luut in 1932 and 1333;} there were further reductions 10 1% and 1:30) tons, spectively. Imports of chromite into France were as follows: In metrie quintals (10 quintal. -1 metric ton!. 1931 1932 1933 Total 127,72 133,959 193,697 The statistics clo not specify countries of origin, which are India, Greece. Africa, Turkey and Ver Caledonia. ..

·here ore a firn in Calcutta srote apd asked for information as to the possibilities of marketing Tintalite or Columbite titrnaire enquiries were maile, both from technical sources and from firms Importing and dealing in funerals and it was crentually accer tained that the tantalıc ore offered by the (alcutta firm was inferior as regards tantal acid content to the ores already on the market 10 large quantities German firmas not interested in Columbite firm in Imsterdam was introduced to shippers of chrome ore and other ore A firm in l'aria is put in touch with exporters of manganese chrome ore almedite and williminite A firm in Essen, Germany was introduced to exporters of wolfram, chrome ore, manganese dioxide and other minerals 1 firm in Berlin was introduced to lodian firms exporting ores and metals A firm in Hamburg was put in touch with auppliers of chrome ore A firm of iron and steel merr bants in Cologne was pat in touch with exporters of pig iron manganese and chrome The same firm again sought our help in efecting connectrons with shippers of iron allows pf ferto-nadgage'e ferrochromo and ferro-silicium but it was a certained that iron and steel works in lada were not interested in the export of the abore allory to Furope a chemical and electrolytic factors in Ilamburg desired to le put 20 tourl with suppliers of ki nite and mopazite und Fuquities frere made in India and the beressary introxluctions effected firm in renna wrote and asked to be introduced to mica exporters Fishing to appoint agents 10 Austria Inquiries fere made and the nanie of Interested parties forwarded to the Vienna firm A firm in Antwerp wanted to be put in touch with exporters of manganese enquiries made and the necessan introduction ellecler The same firm kul «equentls al toined our aid in effecting Introductions will slippers of chrome ore and wolfram os firm in Brussels was put in touch with exporters of krante, almente, adminite and zircon An Intwerp fırın was introduce to supplier of lrytes A murte hant in France was laced in touch with exporten of me inzite sand Inother French firm wa. put in touch with carrier of hazite lunette and stron till another French firm was put in touch with experters of manganese dioxide The same him again sought our brly in getting into touch with espurter of gums and was 1 firm of mica exporters in Girnel were put in touch with firme Germany and France interested in taking up agency work on leball of the reporter The Minerals ldsnoer to the ligl cm mirjoner in London bar giren us iery valuablo alrir ar *ulance in clealing with all sunrral enquiries and thanks to bu technical knowleige we have been alle to deal confidentir with mineral raquities of all kinds oro here ·Chapter IV..Prices in 1933/34. Sention lits boron marle in carlirr chapter of the fact that prices in emal, commodity, wholesale and reinil, have moved in a niends upu. direction luring this year under frries and diat this love truded to oshibit a greater lounyanry than in the prast two years. Buatie and violent flurtuations apprar, on the shade, to be riadually disappearing and the general level has Ixel 1714-tently higher than in 1932 and shown for more fimons Price hovements on they have occurred, have generally slows !!mpirus innent lu sort, the (wo main features of 19:33-34 priers harr been impusovement and steadiness. One of the clients of the promenit prolongroi depre-jon hat broen to induce that state of mind which mahrs on apt to Unpara the present with the immediate print and to hir thunl.ful for all mercies, it the comparison or crime light gain here or there even for the bricfent of periods. Indeed, this incord in trudily understandable; for when the attempt in 111,4 to 1.*' comparisons between prevalent conditions in-lay and the condition in existence, I. ne or ten years ago, the gloonn nf the present Inndscape in heightened when plored in just position with the bright picture of thong prosperous days, and the merchum in self defence seeks to avoid the pan of rerulling to mind the pricmy he used to obtain for his gools in the past. Severtheless it is often necessary as well as profitable to ver the present in the light of the part, especully for the purpose of a certaining whether the comparison reveals any clue to the future. Starting with a holesale pricom it will be ucful to obsers their general trend since 1926 up to the beginning of the rear tinder inview. It will be recalled that President Roosevelt has repeatedly expressed his desire to raise mrhole-ale prices in America to their 1926 level. The Empire Governments, on the other hand, have not intimated any precise levd to which they decise to see wholesale price Idne in their jomt Derlaration of July, 1933, it in stated that "any price level would be satisfactory which restores the normal activity of industry and employment, which ensures an economme return to the producer of priinars commodities and whuch havonines the burden of debts and fised charges with economic capacity." The Board of Trade wholesale price inlex number has been taken to illustrate the course followed lys wholesale prices since 1926. In this table the basic number 100 is the average for the year 1913. 1020. 1927, 10.8. 1920. 1030. 1932. 1033. April 138 July 137 December 138 132 It will be seen from these index numbers that wholesale prices at the beginning of our review year had fallen by nearly 47 points or 33%, as compared with 1926. Compared with the beginning 1931. 139 102 197. . 148 140 193 110 103 103 102 105 140 101 ·menced to drop long lspinto the present de 10 211 of 1923, prirea in April 1933 *ir dornb 40pointe rt }} On the other hand, it will alw be observed that runs re tarte Between 1920 and the end » 1993 when the there was a drop ni 12 porte ar arath 10 Therefore mot than a quarter of the fall in hofmale prices letren 19.26 ani 1333 had altesli falen place #bry the depression commenced the remaining three-quarters (f the filling no doult arrelerated A fall in prices in ultimatels due to inu intelehnected artes, frut, & Karrits of inones #derteate in the volume vl money ia jmportion to the rolume of female and seconds an increzan in the volume of goods without a corresponding increaor 1 tlir demand for them As a matter I fart both caures were operating jointly at the same tine from 1996 ontants to bring down the level of prices Considerable quantities of gold were duppurng from artite (srculation due to long acumulated 3 America and France At the mine timp de Datrot) most) in the shape of credit contraction was being practised by the mountary and hapking nuthorities of the majority of countrine And, on the other hand kigb price and vientific and technical Improt meats, popecually in agriculture (4u«ed a huge inrreas in the world output of agricultural producte and raw materials out of all proportion to the world demand for primary con Inovatie The accumulation of large xurplus stock, intensier! di artificial methode to hold back tho marketing of eating stocks, cs, the Canadian Wheat l'ool and the I geplan eniten rontrol, meritably had a mort demoroloog effect on prices ani must be regarded as one of the major causes of the connota lepression Subsequent to 1991 whic Insale prices continuat in frop keadily and unchecked riredit for the briel interlo le ng lerling depreciation at the end i 1931 right on up to the "ginning of 1933 wlien the indes numlis stol al 372 points Coming now to the par under revans 11 will In Oveful to use wholmele price rader aumers of the Board of Trade for le month of the refie* Feat Lorrage for 1911 10X 1933 April 31 Jane August Sepirmies October Sorember Defemine 11/23 1911 (L) 1721 January keltuary 10?

·བ་སs 1:ཁམ: 1, ཀ་༔ སྣ པ ：: .: ས་ར་པར འགཾ་︽༌ སྭཱ༌ :: རླགས དེ ས ༌ པ་ -ཀག - : ཀཚ མ༌བྦོསྶ པ་ - ༤ མྨེ ས པ ས ས : --བས་ པས་ :: རྨ་དྷེ༌ – ཆགས རྨི་ ༤: .x:: 1: མ་བ : 1 ：གས - ཨ་ས༴: ::4- བ ག ་ས་ ་ས ཝན པ ༌ས༌ཡ ར ཀརྨ་ པསྶ གསྶཡs : གནྡྷག་ པ་ ཝ་པས༌དེ: ;ལས, ： :5པ ཨམསྶ -པ༌ ལ༌ ་ མ༌-པ འི ༌ ས ས : :: ::: . སྶ · ཁ༌སྶ ༌ ས པ --- སྶ པ ༤ མྨསྶf༤༌བ་བ༌ ：. : དུ༌ བབ༌བཟའ༌ - *Ts - ་ ༌ ང༌ ས་ ལ: :: :s-ག ས::བསེབས་ - པ༌ - ༤…- ཏུ་མས 1 :; གས་་བ༌ ༣ ༤ -:; གསྶ: ༄༅༔ ༤༌་་ : - : ་ བ ནི ་ ： 1 བདུག་པ : སེམས ས དུs, ག་ བླ་ བ ་ གླགས་པས གླསཱརྨ:.: ཁ་ཙྪ, མ་,:༌ ：༌:་བ་ :. : ་ ༤ ཨཱs ངུ ཏུའུཊྛ eང ས སྶ : :: སྶག -… ---- - བཀླ༤ མཎ. ཐམས ༌ ，,ནསན པད; :: 5 :5: མོ-- 1 - , ༔ -- གླང ཀ--- : 1 སགས : སjདེ. སྶ ཀ - བs -པགེ་ རྨཀཱ མ ་ས་བss ཨམs:བ བ་, ༤་ ཡ - མ:ཁ་བ་ མ་མ - བས༌སེ གས་ ༣༤ :: : སྶ་ མ་ ༌ག པཱ༤༥ པཎཨ : et -n: 5:: གསན -- ---- སe's - གླང ༤༤ པ .: ས ག - -' 5::pཔ༌ཐ-- ༤: མ་བ པ པ༌འགས༌ 5:རྨ་པ 3:སབ༌ :༌ ་ས ::- : - : ་ ; .༤༩ བམ་ལས་ ཁས • པ : པ་ རྨད་ བྱ:ངོགས་ཁག : པདྷ ་ཚེསt: བ ་མ་ ་ བ ༌ བ ༌ , Cགས་ 2་པས་༤༤ - ... - སོ བསམ་ ་ - : སའི “ མ་སྨད--- -, - ? ...མ་བ :: སྶ:: ཡ༤ པ : ཆག མ་བསྶ -པ .: : སྶ རྨ་-བ་ མ་་་༌ དབབ༌ མྨ, སཾ༌ ཙསྶ sis ས༌དs; ཀ ཀཱ ཎ: 5s: པ ::4 -- རྣམ་པn༤༤་༦ རྣ: - : མོ༌ ::མས་སཾས མསྶ་ཡྻ པྤཡྻ ཆཏོ སྶ pཔལས་' ནི ༌ བསྶ:༤ - .:. : ༤༤ པ མ་ཕམ དss མ པ -༤, པོ་བཨ་མ ་ བ ， :: ; 1. : -: ཁ ག པས 1::་:་ སློབ་ ༤ :མས་ན་ སྨ-·་མེ་ ་ཚེས་ : ,་; ཟླ་ ས་ 1 -' --༽ སྶ་དེ:ན པསྶ་ཝརྨ:'i --- ༌༌ཝ---ས་སྶ ད པ :s - གཏན་པ་ ནཱ༔ ཀླ. ： ཁ་ས་ཁ: སེས་ ：༌: བS - བླ༤ ས་ བས: མའོ ་བྱ་བ་བབ ་ : 5::་ མ་ ས་བློ་ལོག ས ས པས་ ཝམྨ་ཎ. 5:བསྶ - : - ：:༌སྶ1. :་:སྶ མྨས༴ :ཁཡཔ :- ss ;སྨ sབཝཾ་སྶ ：་:མས་མ… - ་ཨཱ༌ཝ་ ས་ མ་ ས་ - རྨ:– རྒྱུ :s :: སེབ་ཡ༩•5: ༤:མསྶ༤ -cཔ་སམ ས, ཨ:ཀ ཀྱི༌ ：:སོ -; : - ： - : ༌ ; E:: ,-- ：མྨ:-... བཀ-- : -:ཊྛསཾ་སྶ ri -----: བ པེ ༤ :: - རྨཁས: པལླཔ ----༤: ༤ ༌ ་མ་ Te: 5: : སcts… ༄༅-: :: -: ༔ མ ::::ic virus :* :* :: *ic : ht: : * * གླsx རྒྱུ :：: མྨང་, སཾ ཁ པ :: . ཡམས༴ = : ས ·57 By comparison with whole ale jnice primary commodity prires have tracted even more sensitiels to the influences of the economic depression This is but natural, as the former contain a number of factors, eg fixed orerhead and interest chargra, which exhibit greater resistance to depression, while commodity prices which have fu alielter lenil to every gust of the economic storm The following table shows the course of primary com. modity prices from 1926 up to the commencement of the year under review In this case the basic index number indicates the level of prices in September 1931 when Fogland departed from the gold standard - 1990 1929 1931 ?DI 191) 189 093 April September December 200 210 2036 10 100) 13 19r2 1033 160 . 1194 It will im seen from these indes pombers that between 1926 and the end of 1929, commodits prices fell by as much as 40 points or 20%, just double the fall in wholesale prices in the some period Between December 1929 and Septeraber 1931, there was n further fall of 60 points or 30% The impetus imparted to commodity prices by the departure of sterling from golit rursed thein by about 10, but his ipril 1932, most of this ground wag again lost The short lived rental during the middle of 1932 ngmin benefited prices but not for long, and they began to sink downwards tull by the contencement of 1933 the index aumber was as low as 98 Coming to the year under review, the following inlex numbers show the development that has taken place in commodity prices in this period The basic index number is the same as in the presious table, 100 - September, 1931 - Agri 1933 0$ 3 May 1033 1183 1933 1191 Orlober December ebruary 1933 1933 1934 1165 1181 The contrast between the tendencies seen in the tables is at Dhre apparent In the first table triaren 1926 and 1931 the tendencs 19 continuously downwarde Belian 1931 and the begianmg of 1913 the mnie tendency malioues and any improve mrnt is being constantli che heel and the downward movement frsunies **Y On the other hand the tendency between Apnil. 19h), and I cbruary, 1911 18 in an upward direction all the time and the frrerie sufletel in Istoler t quicklr counterschel and the improvement resulues its tourse It will thus the Aren that commenlitr prices in whinar fate ledia is deeply interesinde congrm the concluyons deluced from the trend of general bola alr rices during the review year, and point to ignidual and steady Inorery in the future ·58 It is necessary to point out that the process of recovery that has been taking place during the year under review is not confined to any one country, but is general in character and well distributed over the majority of countries. The following table illustrates well the widespread character of the present revival in prices. The index number 100 represents the level of prices in September, 1931. U.K. U.S.A. Germany. France. Oue 1932. April July October December 103.5 98.7 104.0 102.3 90.2 87.6 88.6 84.8 90.4 88.1 86.7 84.9 96.7 91.4 89.1 88.1 ... ... ... ... 1933. February April May June July August September Ootober November Decemer 100.3 99.5 102.1 104-4 106.7 106.1 106.5 105.5 105.2 105.4 79.9 82.9 87.4 92.4 100.0 102.2 103.2 103.8 104.0 104.0 83.8 83.3 84.4 85.5 86.3 86.6 87.2 87.9 88.2 88.4 88.0 87.0 86.5 87.8 89.8 89.3 87.9 87.2 86.5 87.4 U.. ... 1934. Jandary February 107.7 109.5 104.8 106.9 88.5 88.5 87.6 86.8 The year 1932 is marked by a universal decline in all the four countries. By April, 1933, prices had sunk to a much lower level than in April, 1932, in some cases by 4 points, in others by as much as 9 points. From April, 1933, to August in the same year, all four countries record substantial improvements. In September and October there is a slight setback everywhere. In November two countries again begin to improve, the other two record a further decline. In the period December, 1933, to February, 1934, three countries record further improvement, while one country continues to fall back. By the end of February, England shows an improvement of 10 points, America one of 26 points, and Germany one of 5-2 points. On the other hand, France records a decline of 2 of a point. America shows the greatest improvement as a result of the energetic policy of her Administration, with England occupying middle position between her and France. The identity of the four countries is interesting in relation to their respective price movements. The three countries which record an advance in their price levels are precisely the countries which have deliberately abandoned defiation in their monetary policy, and two of them have openly announced their adherence to the policy of raising wholesale a ·63 prices and have put this policy into practice The third Germany, while not publicly subscribing to the policy of raining prices, has set its fare against all defationert methods and has omeallt adopted the polici of enlarging credit br means of toration remission and publie works undertakings Thas all three countries have created cheup and plentiful mobrtarr conditions and these conditions hare directls and substantialls helped to mase the wholesale price lerels of all three On the other hand, France is atill redited to deflation and has throughout the year under series made crer esort either to lower her level of wholesale prices or at least to maintain them at the level of April, 1933, arrived at after four tears of intense defatios As oppnud to France the three reflationary muntries are not Dessed a marked improrenient sn their wholesale price levels Coming to prices, it is interesting to compare prices in March 1933, as quoted as the llamburg/ Bremen cichanges with those prerailing at certain previous dates The following table shows The prices of the principal Indian commodities in September 1931, April, 1932, September 1932 and Jarch 1933 September 1931 April 1032 September 1976 Hard 1033. Mint marke 119 12 6 tou. 117 7 6 Bremen cl! Bremen L 17 $181: 6 I14 100 80 6 cat 4.1. <oot > farm. LRO sta 0.3341 0.001 8 & 4. 1. Il sa 2 19 h Af Duh 4d. roondnet nens 8 d. 61 13 h al . 5 0 0 1 $10 to O 13 12 6 to: 0 (141: 6 11 & Oulnut tale Rm 883 9 13 0 6.34 km 5.3 N 3.0 Im 0.00 bora 13 061 9. lor to 11 11.01 9.col. 7 31 30. al 31 ·60 After a very It will be observed from this comparative table that in April, 1932, the advantages derived from the departure of sterling from gold had been almost wholly lost. brief interval, sterling prices resumed their downward trend in sympathy with gold prices, which were also going down. It will remain a moot point among economists whether a further fall in gold prices at that period was the cause of the fresh decline in sterling prices, or whether the departure of sterling from gold was the cause of the continued heavy fall in gold prices from October, 1931, to July, 1932. The truth, probably, is that both events influenced each other appreciably and that in any case the economic conditions of the time made further falls in both gold and sterling prices absolutely unavoidable. In September, 1932, the effects of the American reflationary boom and the successful outcome of the Lausanne Reparations Conference on wholesale prices were plainly visible. With the exception of two or three items, e.g., rice, groundnuts and groundnut cake, there was a remarkable increase in the prices of all the primary commodities. Jute, cotton, linseed, shellac, kips and tea all advanced in value. Then followed during the next six months a severe all-round decline in wholesale prices, more especially commodity prices. The political and economic history of those months was, in the main, responsible for this fresh deterioration. The failure of European countries to arrive at a final agreement with America over the debt question, the uncertainty prevailing in the political atmosphere of Europe at that period and the economic and monetary confusion prevalent in the United States in the first months of 1933, all created a fresh lack of confidence in the business world and thereby caused the alarming fall in commodity prices that occurred between September, 1932, and March, 1933. As we have seen earlier, this period may be regarded as the worst period of the depression, when the economic outlook was at its blackest. At the end of it some commodities touched their lowest recorded level. Jute (first marks) stood at £14 10s. Od., cotton (Bremen, Classes I and II) at 3.85d. and 4.25d., groundnuts at £11 6s. 3d., shellac at 45s. and Calcutta Kips (M.D.S.) at 5 d. the ending of this chapter in the history of the depression. Recovery dates with The first quarter of the review year witnessed an entire change in the direction of economic events. The whole trend of wholesale and commodity prices was completely altered, and from about the end of April à steady advance was begun all round. The following table compares prices as they stood at April with prices which ruled at the end of June: - ·6: Pingt marks April 1833 Cattan. Bernat el 1 Bretben el Jase, 1933 Burma LRO Isina Oilerde (lrunilauto Linnad 60 8th 15 5. 31 Olain. Goudelaut cake tinand cake 8 h. tel. 17h el $0 Rp 6.30 In 5.0 Tom Turtlura in luan Rutem inulaa Calcutta Ripa 08. bellac T. Orange RE 760 Ba 763 108 05. Bja 43 ah. Gal od Ush will be seen that with the exception of tras there a kel improvement in all the principal commodities during the quarter of the review year Juti prices advanced by 21. by 11. rice bis in and there were omslar advances in other commodities Tbre rive in tres during the quarter ve to a sariets of rauss among which ing: le included the te mesures neopted is the latronal lleovery Idministra a stimulate industry and trade and to decreasc unemplos. enericati industrialists began to drax on unonlitt markets of the world to replenish their depleted while then shesitable *f et ulate in anticipation of land mofits, also joined in and ought large slexis of primary Inties before prices #cut much higher The loom in tracted lavourabls or sterling and gold prices and br of June a world wide print sdrarre had taken place, ried them a long way ahead of tbe level of nl 11 ntral that the um mirment 10 made up of two erniente, ralthy onr, a Irgitimate espansing in the drzaod for rials on the part of Irvising industries, the other, as element, thin purulatais net umulatzen of storis bis in the look out for lig profile ·62 This hrings us to the coronil quarter of the year under reries and the following table sot nut commodity prices in July and September: - Joly, 1923. September, 1933. Jate First moris ... 117 1! G 914 15 0 Como... Brorenc!. 1 Bacon ri. II. :: 350). 4.CO. ... Rice. Bur: 1. P..0. ... ... Pm 9. (iacledica duty & sarcharge). P1:10 .. ... Oilseeds Gini. Inu! 1.in cerd ... 911 13 0 911 17 6 110 1 3 £II 0 0 ... Oilcakes Gra! coln Lad cshe ... B. 741 kn 1.0 BOS 35 Rm. 7.95 Tea. Yo-En-n Irlin Souteron In ini, 9021 15.03. 12.71d. Calcutta Kips YDS .. ... ... 63167 Gd. Stellac. T... 0305 ... ... ... 35'- $. The period July-September is marked by a setback to the advance made in the quarter pril-June. Iu some cases, e.g., jute and groundnuts, the setback is serious, though in most cases prices did not decrease to the level of April. The causes of this retreat in commodity prices are (i) overstocking in America and the slowing-clown of industrial progress in that country, (ii) dispersal of the World Economic Conference without achiering much result, (iii) renewed lack of confidence due to fear of tarifi and currency wars between countries, and (iv) deterioration in the political atmosphere of Europe, which also helped to dispel confidence. After six months of unhampered progress the deal" in America was beginning to meet with loud criticism and open opposition in regard to many of its aspects. There was also à definite slowing down of industrial activits as the discorers tras made that industrial consumption was by no means keeping pace with industrial production. The result was that both industrialists and speculators found themselves orerstocked in the matter of raw materials; and during the end of this quarter and ner ·¢ the beginning of the Dext one (October December) a federal unloading of primary commodities of the American market toob place and led to the sharp deelide in prices that occurred alout ibis time The folure of the beonomic Conferrare to remeds the alls for which it not called into being and the clash of fandamental riess in regard to monetary policr cau«ed world wide desappointment, and the alundonment of the tarift truce by one coustry after another at the close of the Conference created further alarm at the prospect of renewed tan# hostilities It is not, therelore, surprising that there was a reshack to commodity prices during this period of the rear under review The cbse! Tartor in trade and busmesa prosperit was at this time cop spicuous bs ats absence-business confidence Comune nos to the third quarter of the review year, the ollowing table shows the trend of prices between October end Vecember October 1930 in Maris Dreater 1833. orn el mom sl 31 414 150 Be Lik) CIS OO 2.801 4.MA! 3.581 13. Minot I'm D ) Ilm. 10,15 Inot cale ۱le Inlar R2 103 I mis lolar Ite & ma 2.0 6341 13 921 010 tab B1 How olertal that dont the quarter to print of witin show intras while atlers ironi a derline lidermal, calcair, tea and shellac show is moremedi, ·64 while cotton, groundnuts and kips display weakness. As regards cotton, the uncertainty in regard to the official attitude in Americn towards crop control and reduction, and the publication of "bearish " forecasts, had a depressing effect on world cotton prices, in which Indian cotton prices also shared. The announce inent by France and Holland, both large consumers of groundnuts, to place restrictions on the imports of oilseeds, depressed demand, and had an unfavouable influence on prices. The main fenture of this qunrter is a partial check to the deterioration that had set in during the previous quarter, which is evidence of the contention that during the year under review the influences making for rcovery are strong enough to make themselves felt: in most cases these influences have been able to get the better of the factors moking for depression. The final quarter of the year under review is, on the whole, an encouraging one, and nfiords grounds for sober optimism in regard to the future. The course of prires between January and arch, 1934, ale set out below:- January, 1034. March, 1934. Jote. First marks ... ... ... 11000 110 30 Cotton. Brimcn cl. 1 Bremen cl. II... 3.5x1. 9.15i. 3.70 4.50d, Ricc. Burma L.R.O. Patns Rm. 10.15 Rm. 17 80 Rm. 10.15 Rm. 17.80 ... .. ... Oilscods. Groundnuts Linaced ... :: 18 15 0 £10 15 0 18 8 9 211 5 0 Oilcakcı. Groundnut cohe Linseed cake ... Rm. 8.35 Rm. .73 Rm, 8.00 Rm. 8.60 ... Tca. Northern Indian Southern Indian ... 1:1 750. 14.238. 14 630. 14.33d. Calcutta Kips. M.D.S. ... ".. ... 0 1/40. 53/4d. Sbellac. T.X. Orange ... 02 sh. Od. 92 sh. Od. During this period, jute, cotton and linseed hare made a further advance, while rice, tea, shellac and oilcakes hare, inore or less, held the ground gained in the previous quarter. The

·البريد
EXHIBITION OF INDIAN RAW MATERIALS, COIR MATS AND MYSORE GOVERNMENT
SANDALWOOD OD LEIPZIG FAIR, 1934

·No text on this page.

·65 derline in groundnut prices Fas during this last quarter far less than in the Jitu TIDU, ode Thp onls sesinys retbark was in the rare of IDS hips, which lost a halípenns during this period A comparison of prices prevailing in March, 1933 with those at the end of the year under review, reveals a steady Odrance spread over a large number of cominorities For instance, jule has advanced from £14 10s 01 to $16 3. Od Burm) tire bas risen from 8: Gol to the equivalent of more than 104, hncred from £9 15. Od to $11 6. Od, olcakes from Rm 520 to Rm 835, shellac from * to £4 12 6, tea from 11 06/ to 14632, and Calcutta Kise from 5jd to jd On the other hand, gmundnuta have deteriorated from £11 6 31 to 48 8. 91. while Brunett Class I ofton has decreased from 3831 to 7d. though Bremen Class II has risen from 120 to 45001 The year under risies is the first 1116 the commencement of the depression when commodity prices have not only not deteriorated bat, on the contrary, made n slow but steady Advance, sustained over a long perind of time The facts five pool grounds for hoping that at long last the work is altpessing a reveral in them dirertion of price movements and a gradual recorery towards better times, which will gather additional momentum when the present artifirial restrictions to tmde are remos el and commerce allonci topu unhindered from one country to another 1 Chapter V.-The Leipzig Spring Fair, March 1934. (Written lus Niro von der (hoe! ('lerk) One of the duties of the Indian Government Trade (om mainstoner at Ilamburg » to perform a certain amount of jablicity work for the purpose of bringing Indian merknadere in the notice of the büyness community in the countries coming wildsa the more of his activities During the past years the has been done with Fox! Freults in exhibiting Indian mw materials and manufactured ponds at the Leipzig International Sample Fair, and for this requnn pertussion was applied for and granted be the Iligh Comtuitsioner for India in landot to the office to participate ou lelalt of the finxernment of India at the Iripris Forr, which wahrl from the 4th to 10th Jarrh 1931 In these days of Leon business Monpetition, important (4185 are held under tiorernment Mironage in alment esers muntry on the Fumpran tontinent, where Isdan molitis could be erhitztmal to great advantage from a put frits point of **** must, however, if notril that the fair in mot rated excluurele ristiridly the business people of the country in which they are beld and that in rome cases ther are esen oply of ·66 regional importance. The Jaipzig International Fair, hotcrer, has been held for many decacies, and duo to its up-to-date organisation it attracts trade buyers from all parts of the world. With the limited funds placed at the disposal of this office for publicity purposes the Leipzig Inir is therefore best suited for The exhibition of Indian commodities in that it is an international fair and affords an excellent opportunity of showing samples of Indian rum materinls and manuincturedi gonds to a wide circle of international trade buyers. In this connection the official figures compiled by the Fair authorities in regard to viitors to the Leipzig Spring Fair in 193.1 are of interest. According to the ti statistics the total number of trade buyers who visited the fair amounted to 158,921, which is it good average compared with the number of people who came to the Fair in previous years. Of this number 15,189 came from 26 European rountries other than Germany, 489 from the U.S.A., South and rentral America, 311 from Asia, 03 froin Africa and 21 from lustralia. It is, of course, not possible to give precise information regarding the number of visitors to the Indian stand, but it suffices to mention here that in all 189 business enquiries of an urgent nature emanated from the countries given in the following table:- (iesmiany 127 ITungary 7 Switzerland 11 (zechoslovakin 5 Ilollant 6 Spain 4 Belgium 4 Italy 3 Justica 3 llenmark 2 U.S.S. 2 Latvia 2 Great Britain Sweden 2 Saar Territory 1 Poland 1 Jugoslavia Palestine 1 Bulgaria 1 Brazil 1 Lithuania 1 Finland ... 1 1 ... 1 ... ... Luxembourg ...

·67 To addition to these, oser 800 enquiries of a less urgent nature *pte recensed from business mien from all parts of the European continent, the larger percentage, however, emadating from (Jermans It may, therefore, be said that participation on behalt of the Government of India at the leipzig Fair achieved its immediate olject, ie, It created a livel interest for Indian rar materials and manufactured goods, and afforded the Office of the Jodian Cosernment Traile Commissioner llamburg, a spleodid opportunity of getting into close and personal touch with repre. sratatires of firms in countries within its field of activity Theo Advantages have also, of course, been recognised by the Governments of arveral other countries who also participated at the laipng Fair, weveral of them, incluiling Japan, exhibiting their funds on a very elaborate scale and occupying very large stands The size of the Indian stand was 37 xq metres, and was lovatril on the 6th floor of the Ringmesshaus, adjacent to the Japanese and Austrian stands As the site which was occupied Int year proved to be sery favourable the same position was renteil aguia this year, the stand being situated between two kangwa, to which visitors could gain easy access by a well. organud Nervice of four lifts Through the good offices of the Director (eneral of Commercial Intelligence and the Directors of Inilustries, firms in India libely to be interested in displaying their goods at the fair under Gioverniuent patronage were invited to do so on the following conditions. (1) Falubasta were to be supplied to this office free of cost (11) All transport, freight clearing and lanılıng charges froin India up to llamburg were to be borne by the parti paling hirm and a lack again froin Hainburg to India, if the return of the exhibits has desired (111) lo relail sales were alloned on the Government sland I ut at the ranclusion of the Fair, the pools, if desired, were to be sold to genuine traile busets at wholesale prices ta lie previously fixed in the eshibitor for) Trade enquiries from burero 2nd *holesle orden In order to bup recorded and forkanlel to eslil stars, without any proponsibility on the part of this office. Ima sued that full articulars regarding itines, fruins of lupmurni, etc. had pressously kera giren () (locals not molid nt the end of the hair and/or the return of whirl was desisel, kete to le dispatclimb to the participating firm freight for in ·In. Sidens 13 Bisce or exhibitio si ti cakepas berseghi in respect of the exhiris innasihoitoaia to India. Voge ci zde pois da T. 2, T2T=, artitaTitia ine specited time, and ss Seibe noite 2000s. compliance Cass. non rice lisis et ready referente at ze in 21 c 10 be done in a most The gooisches (8 ct be shibited at all, heregar Ti Gaitaset dars berze iba commencement de the Fritis 12 corbea sent collectively irim Lors shortise it has inipossible to The e OSST ( Somalities and in despatch Bass:M::::: Icribe poidance of forms of I-Doa Zer Goremuest paragage & Taipitie cat ibat ibe ariral i parized zime is nosi sa- 1. Emai suddenedim biz arite ji the destation of is moisisari 2015 meni. - inne matiti nazarizred goods was sein = Interweta sis. azd isdaded carpets, 25 Des. Toate de a cartei ar: lacatered Food, Erass, . :rot, stic, de Iadzag raw materials, cazz. So, sasais, cisatas, mo and palapra abus . Tien 27., craizini Sazples ni rice, peder. . ** - 7. olid been sent to the Trade Dismas carnizais Izdia for permanent 21 hisse er sarde in Leng ior eshibitirm 2i . Suglas osa-50 oil and coee beans Tere 221 T-50 N: 12 the Trade Commissioner 1 1. - I. Gracs Tas aiss thibited ng bahala Fice 6:7777 Trancs. Amelt, the Dogjab 17 and this Dergi, bar, - Se Goresei Silt Institute E B 41 inibiis on a jutatie zept the German es mans aranai wib use local 1: 30:tas miei Sta cestas dary on their arriva] =ne Grethe L32 Gorement Trade Ccm- ---Scios 21 e 39: dat is the great ci che ess: Ste this a speed sine 15 i 1:33, säriarei ar the stand were advertised Sci Fai Dirartha en 10 screasing the batos, ka Tu Coded dai as : Tour. Site In and as well as the Inne Ustre Sanzas. tas expazi cti talte is the prerious on a large ae inserted inder ·year The costs of this extra adsertising rere naturalis higher, but the increased number of enquiries receired this year as compared with last can undoubtedls be traced to the extensive publicity which was given to each indissdual article The total Advertisiog costs Kere comparatively low, and espenditure on adrertisement in the official Fair Directory is all the inore justified in that this Directory is not inerely used as a reference Look for the duration of the Fair, but is referred to by business prople throughout the whole sear, berausc it contains classified information regardiog up to-date and nliable sources of supply. Incidentally, it may be mentioned that since this particular kind of advertising was undertaken at the Leipzig for in 1933, many enquines adressed to this office have been the outcome of the publicity firen to Indian raw materials and manufactured goods in the oficial Fans Directors The stand was decorated along the kamo lines as last year, special sections Leiog made for manufactured goods and ron materials At both sides of the two entrances, cIcellent specimens of Indian carpets attracted the ere The inside walls and sholics were also draped with carpets and silk rugs, the colour scheine of which was very effective Photography of arctions of the stand nro attached to this report The real of sndustry in Germany resulting from the mensures adopted by the German Government created a frneral atmosphere of optinuem throughout the duration of the Fair the same time, it *** noticrable that I users from all countrica were reluctant in placing orders and as far as autors to the Indian stand trere concerned thry confined themselves to taking down the addresses of Indian Ruppliers and of making potes of prices and other particulars, with the ultimatc view of future business There were three classes of enquirt (a} Those abo required la urgently. (b) those who asked for general information as to $**ts, customis sufors, ele, with a ti to future buuiness and (sithor who made enquiries of a general nature regarding India arte, commerce and agriculture god also as regarde Irirel anil conditions of living in lodia Ons bundred and rigtits-eight enquirret merr made unele caleçon (2) 2.4 alxrt 500 under (W) Three inquifere were hande i o printed fut containing the names na aldrei of exhibitor at the Indian stand with the class of grond exhibited noted against rach I copy of the Int ponded to thu report (Appendi Di In Aldition, thay mese tappeloral with detailed information, Pegasoling proces time of delivers, clr Hany rnguiries of A general cature under estegory (c) *ste recerred, a few leng made iş projectum ·70 5 ... ... ... ... .. ... Coir yarn Silk yarn Cotton yarn ... tourists to India. The latter were handed small printed booklets regarding travel in India, which had been kindly supplied by the Railway Department in London. The following list shows the varieties of goods which were enquired for by buyers under category (a): Arts and Crafts ... 8 Woodware (carved) 6 Laces 18 Ivory goods 8 Straw baskets 3 Bamboo and Tonkin Chutneys 4 Curry powder 8 Pickles 1 Condiments (general) 7 Coffee 6 Tea 6 Rice ... 6 Mango pulp 4 5 1 1 Hair 2 Cotton (raw) 7 Hemp (raw) 6 Jute (raw) 5 Kapok 5 Palmyra fibre 2 Ramie fibre 4 Wool (raw) 2 Other fibres 4 Hides and skins 9 Reptile skins 12 Guts and casings 3 4 Sports goods 32 Carpets and druggets 8 Jute bags and cloth 3 Silk manufactures 3 Other textiles 5 Chemicals 2 Lac 1 Incense sticks 9 Mica 3 Oils (vegetable) 5 Oils (essential) 1 Oilseeds 3 Tragacanth 1 Drugs and herbs 9 Tennis guts ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

·71 Several people who visited the Four last year also put in an appearance this year, three were chsely buyers from departmental stores who were on the look out for manufactured goods and, in particular, for cheap artwate and sports goods, for which there is a good demand in the type of store They also took a keen interest in the work baskets and the lacquered trool powder bowls and ssh trays As regarde sports fonds, particularly hockey sticks were sought after, as the quality of these sticks 15 considered to be very good and their price comparatively cheap Qae German bufer from Berlin, who was introduced to Indian exporters of hockey sticks at the stapd at the Leipzig Spring Fair in 1933, stated that his clients were very satisfied with the quality of the sticka which he hal purchaeed is the past year One point regarding hockey sticks may be of interest to manufacturers India who export their goods to Germany, namely, that the sticks which are bound at the top with leather are subject to a high customs duty on entry into this country It was suggested by o merchant from Cologne, who visited the Inilian stand, that these leather bindings should be nubatituted by rubber tubes, thereby allowing the goods to be imported into Germany at a lower rate of customs duty l'acidentally, hockey players in Germany prefer these rubler lubry With regard to Indian footballs the complaint was oiten hrard that they love their shape after very short service, and the opinion was expressed that only good quality footballa with protected seams find a market in Germany It was noticed that this year the prices of Indion tennis rackels were considered too high, whereas in former years their prices and quality bad been considered satisfactory On enquiries being made as to the reasons underlying this factor, it WR* ascertained that Japan 19 nox placing on the market very good quality and cheap tennis rochets, competing severely with rockets of Indian manufacture The Japanese stand at the Leipzig Fair ** not very far away from the Indian stand, and it was noticed that buyers meorumbly visited both stands with a vier to com paring prices Apparently the prices of the Japanese goods prored to be more competitive and buyers took interest only in the rery cheap children's and badminton rackets at the Indian stand, which were not being exhibited on behalf of Japan As usual, carpets prored to be a great attraction The samplex ***t box ont exhintor, who has lind considerable experience in dealing with lumpran importers, met with general approval, the +-leled deagae, frices and elges being satisfactory Inquiries for carpeta did not emanate from busers who have, in the past, been saforting Oriental carpets, but chicly from dealeri Kho are ·72 trading in European-made imitations of Oriental carpets. Having ascertained from the official Fair Directory that carpets were also being exhibited at the Indian stand, these dealers naturally took advantage of the opportunity to compare prices. Finally, they purchased all the samples of the smaller-sized carpets and stated that, although the carpets were on the expensive side after the duty and profit had been added to the prices, yet their customers would probably be prepared to spend a little extra money for the advantage of baving a genuine Oriental carpet. The object, therefore, in their purchasing the smaller-sized carpets was to test the market by finding out what reception they would receive amongst their customers. The carpets which another firm sent for display at the stand were very poor specimens. They were extremely heavy and the colour scheme and finish could in no way compete with European-made imitations. Cheaper quality carpets should weigh as little as possible, because in many European countries customs duty is levied according to weight, and in some cases the duty works out at three times the price of the carpet itself. Miniature patterns of druggets were received from another exhibitor, which attracted great attention. The only difficulty was, however, that buyers could not see the actual sizes of the druggets which the Indian firm could sell, and it would therefore have been better if the exhibitor had sent at least one sample of actual size in order that buyers could see at a glance the effect of the drugget laid out on the floor. A German firm in Dresden, who had been purchasing coir mats from India, complained that the mats received were of uneven quality. The weight of one and the same quality of mat varied considerably, because some of them were worked more firmly than others, soine being thick and some thin. As mentioned above, the German customs duty on carpets is levied according to weight and, as these particular mats are sold per sq. metre, a loss invariably occurs on the heavier goods. The same complaint was made by a Belgian dealer in coir mats. The majority of the lacquered woodwork was considered on the expensive side, and it was noticed that the cheaper varieties attracted the most attention. The ivory inlaid and carved woodwork tables proved a great attraction. Buyers of exclusive artware shops, who deal in similar kinds of goods coming from the French Colonial Possessions, were interested in this type of article, but stated that nowadays these are more or less articles of luxury for which there is only a small demand. Ivory work, as a whole, was very popular, but, as was experienced last year, prices were rather high. A looking-glass set in irory with coloured European print at the back created no interest thatso- Only typical Indian ivory ware of a purely Indian character, as, for instance, the ivory elephants, 'Lord Buddha ever.

·73 images and highly artistically carved powder boses, * ciated As regards silk pools, the shawls and corers met with much more interest thon at the previous ses They were sought after bs suppisers to higb-class decorati od it appears that it TIEK of the ipcreasing popul brightly coloured evaljon rosers in Europe ledion cushior would fad a ready market on the Continent si ibes wer of silk in the same colours and designs as the sbawls S of Erı sık yarn aroused the interest of hand meeting este ments, win were also exhibiting their produce at the Sereral of these called at the Indian stand, and from ren made it appeared that they had been importing stilar & from China The Indian ID susts their requirements and bsad wearing is gradually becoming very popular in Germa there is reason to believe that an outlet could be found for kind of yarn anco at las been introduced on the market Jo sticks alirected the attention of a number of people and it ideat that a certain amount of business can be done in tar hicle A special effort was wade to bring to the police of visitors Indian chutneys and condurgenls Indian curry powder, thutneys and condiments do not enjoy on the Continent anrthing like the sopularits which they do in England in fact, it may be ad that they are very little known Bearing this in mind therefore, the all number of enquiries recented at the Indian staad may Bree Tegarded as satisfactors Only the smallest red bottles of chatnego and pickles, and the smallest tips of curry powder were enquired for, and the prices of the curry powder nere opodered too high, with the exception of those of one exbibiror whome ome od addrew was noted br the majonts of buyers An important enquiry was receired for curry powder from the buyer of on organisation which supplies shops all over Germany selling *pecialties to regolarisas The representative of th13 concern stated that there is a good possibilits of creating & derannd for his commodity amongst vegetarians is Germans Ile expressed 24 inlation of approaching the suppliers of the rurts fmmider, ho eshstated their pools at the Indian aland with a ise to ing Intge quantities and to obtaining cooking redspres lec lication in å Oernuan segalanan journal shirki has a large ulation in this country His idea was to purchase a cob. able quantity of curry powder for repariing and selling in wa tuntainent under his finns natie Tua further enquiries morired for rum powder from manufacturers of sauce sled kups in culx Le considered it orth kile to make ments with carn powilet in confection #ill tlir produrls bri manufaturel The ibformation obtained in tranor. for Indian cubilrau als reribed the opiown expressed in ·last 7's st. ty msamas ei pcrical demostrados doo Simples literature ceta face a tour old biters Geza, Iccius Sociedad create a good rarki ie: Emains. Irdiscic zo Escriss. Eccies de mica pics all kircs o Irdis 35 Siis, inzerce Time jete moci. sizel Esir, cilstads Si olcs. wicesis. Eidas d skirs. : täitsche Lurt skeiis pane e pasticcisintest to boss secs comtes Balir. Paris srá Prages. It Dans ce bemind to buiscteress from sil parts of Locals to crebase es Escticey it: icerias. e: tz stebis icerisced pruzsis. d Esterells se mees äterested in the materiais Eom e re Se Esca. Vesi o chess carries eros de comments or materials die in sra in escF cases toate the ass cal dresses că Ecopese sgezt ni Isänes, rciis receives to It is gratis vir 25:e : Ica Sobregł: be cocice of these mas maistais Ice Iperts sad wlich. iz test. Eterea treba ne presentatives of Eros Bice. Ibi cea Ez Irci sia this res: not to crca: ir ne the virtus că iniis's acrcal partics Eu So Faisc Lerzis. ii eest te lezze ië mira oss. souri i iz: pot results scrierzc, te eftititics ci Its à efecte a geces should slac te de : Logic fekty (seriga. resa maisutstrial series is obeerted in Per Erias. ocity es cecsit of Irdiso 13* cas resiste ises das ret Icse gruera teenitesia: reuses cartes cê trade in spite seda teic:* computer Forticipatie ut tirs tas been recte sisi Girenaises courtzies ss 31. är ansceintes te padiscese srceg bares Sinasciti chizisizic! certies ir Europe. in. Irsa's idezess are miresented a Farish is corsideed in cotizacionet On E: Ezra Coztirzio Chapter VI.-Miscellaneous. Tasche directe es erminatics ei tee recices Ces cuisies seemed Trade Commissioner's ce cavan tiszta se iz Ircir el Cesc Certirental icrctes. mis raresc ceirs the rear eru men Gereei crucis ad ' srè inte ·Indian States. --The Bengal Department of Agriculture wrote and askel for certain jute statistics in regard to Germany, Austria and Poland France, Belgium, Holland, Sweden Enquiries were set on foot in all these countries and the required information was forwarded to the Department The statistics anked for referred to ras jute consumption, the number of factories working, and the number of spindles, looms and workers employeil The Director-General of Commercial Intelligence wanted to know the causes of the alarming falling off in the oxports of Indian bone meal to Belgium The Belgian Department of Agriculture attributed the decline to a falling of the demand for gelatine and glur principally in Great Britain and the limited States, who were the chief buyers of Belgiad glue It *BA reported that many Belgian factories had closed down and that others were working only up to a quarter of their capacity The Helgian authorities addeel that lone manure constituted only a by-product of the industry Information fron other sourccs revealed that the decline was due to the substitution of chemical manures for bone manurey local factories had began to ofier chemical fertilisers at very lon prices to the poor farmers who and purchnsed lecs owing in the decline in the prices of agricul tural produce A former Director of I'isheries to the Madro Government wrote and asked us to obtain for him detailed information about the falmeal industry in Germany Extensie enquiries were made on his behalf and full information regarding the industry together with emples and technical literature wns sont out to him The Director of Industries Jadras, wag appplied with information regarding the possibilities of marketing Hadras tapioca flour in a number of Continental countries where requiries had been institute In Saeden the commodity was practicalls unknown nud only very snall quantities were used for certain industrial purposes in Denmark this four y in demand onls when maize prices are high, it me reported that the Danish farmer was reluctant to handle tapioca flour because it was dust and not envy to handle like more Most of the 1)anish supplies lave lutherto come from the Dutch East Indies The Danish merennia aj prochel ashed for samples and this *ac arranger Switzerland in the past, bag inported large quantities of preca flour and starch from various countries ani a market can be found 1 Snitzerland 1. prices are competstyr The names of SHR* firme ruterpeted in this coquiry were forwurilel to the Jadras Director one of them being ansious to form a connection with an expuler of good quality edible fazio a four The Impul (ountıl of Agricultural Research mno, on trquest, supplies with full inforniation regarding the frefrentage of inter sel hul in cales permitted in llan. ure contracts and the wall of allowances in this connection The Council alma askel for infursantion regarding comparatır ·76 prices of Indian and Argentine linseed at Continental centres. Estensire enquiries Tere made in Belgium, Holland and Germany, and prices ruling in Hamburg, Rotterdam, Antwerp and London rere supplied to the Council. The Director-General oi Commercial Intelligence inade an enquiry for names of suppliers of machinery for the manufacture of absorbent cotton. It was ascertained that a German firm of manufacturers had a representatire in India who tras ordered to get in touch with the Indian enquirer rith a riem to supplying details regarding plans and estimates. The same officer asked us to find out the names of manufacturers of chain-making machinert. Enquiries mere made and the addresses of two German manufacturers and two Belgian manufacturers were reported to India. The Director of Industries, United Provinces, tas given the names of importers of bone manure in Germans. He was also supplied with information regarding the reasons for the decline in the imports of bone meal into Germany, there, according to the lat, imports of bone meal are permitted only for the manufacture of gelatine and glue but not for use in agriculture, due to the fear of the spread of disease. The Minerals Adviser to the High Commissioner asked ior statistics regarding Gernian esports of maguesium chloride and magnesium sulphate and the countries of destination. Full iníormation tas sent to London. The Director of Industries, Madras, wanted estimates, plans, etc., for the construction of it factory for the manufacture of hurricane lanterns. Enquiries were made from firs manufacturing the requisite machinery, and full details regarding costs, plans, etc., were forwarded to the Director. The Forent utilisation Officer, Jadras, wrote and asked us tn suppls him rrith details regarding the manufacture of sugar iron wool, which has been commenced recently in Germany on an experimental basis. I number of enquiries were made and the concerns interested in the experiment were good enough to supply us with details, literature, etc., which were forwarded to the Forest Department in Jadras. The Madras Director of Industries desired to be furnished with names of manufacturers of machinery for paintinaking. Enquiries frere made in Germany, Belgium and Switzerland, and tbe addresses of suitable manufarturers were ſortarded to the Director. The Victoria Technical Institute, Jadras, was given the names and addresses of importers of art are good in rarious Continental countries and information was supplied Terrarding the classes of art ware which were in popular demand in Europe. The Collector of South kanara district wrote and asked to be furnished with names of importers of coir yarn in European countries; the navies of suitable firms were applied to this officer. The Trade Commissioner for Mysore in London wanted to be put in touch with important cofice dealers in Iniwerp and Sweden. The necessary enquiries were made and the names of finns interested in the matter were supplied to ·the Trade Commissioner The Coliertor of Custoins in Nang wrote and asked as in male an insretigatwn on his ball regar ing suspected misdeclaration in the salues of certain shipment The shipper was sent for and his explanation may forwarded 1 the Customs Department in Burina and the necessary impre man was made on the slipper in question The Director o Industries, Punjab, wrote and need for names of importers of wool, gont hair, dreing miterials ons dried fruit in Germap The addresses of suitahle firms tere for arded to the Director The names of users of magnesium chloride in Belgium Holland pnel Sastrerland were tranámitted to thin fanernl. Adrier in london after extensive enquiries as those nuntrip* mostks antus their requifı meuls from German soare The Direr tor of Indus tries, l'unjab wrote and asked us to put him in nub mith manufacturers of machinery for making vegetable gbee toute Rere made nud an export hrm well in to us sent out to the Director full information regarding ***** plans and teclini cal details in regard to manufartuse The Director of Industries in Bikaner State șrote aad ashel for detailed information regard opp the dretillation of petrol from lignite conf Estonere enquiries were made and the necessary infirmation was forwarded to India Thir Diretor of Industries United I'rrunres 114 supplied with manns of firms in Germ303 and I rant manufacturing fauges far loeasuring the thickness of silver write «ed in the gold and silver thren industry The Dyrer for General of Commercial latelligence wrote and asked for names of manufacturers and sporters of brass sheets in (nesmans and other countries nguiries were made and the addresspe of mutable manufacturers Dil xporters forwarded to tale vita The Diretor I Industries imited I'rosincee, wrote and askel for the status of a Cierman anufacturer of machinery for the manufacture of electric bulls ar katus of the firm was reported to the Director who was nupplied on repitest noth ile name of othus ananufacturer inachiners for elitru bulls and full detaile marding, coste os and equipment for a factors in India for the manufactus Vertric bulle he following mellaneous enquiries are referred to as leing mial unirtist The Pioneer Magnesia Works Momin rote advert for information regarding import dutis on magnesium ir snin various furugu in countries doce charges at llam- Answerg and Borlendum in real rules from these parts to enland rentre and freight agus connected theterith rain other larhulors reliau tumpuan melum 1 xtensive enquiries #arr mail op khalf of the Bomlar and full details were sent out to losa Belgian firin ad asked to fore put in touch with manufacturin in India Drum jaas which were sold in large qusntities in the ·75 were Belgian Congo. Enquiries rere made in India and the names of manufacturers of these pans were forwarded to the Belgian enquirer. The Comité des Forges de France (the Association of Iron and Steel Foundries in France) wrote and asked if it could be supplied with monthly statistics regarding the output of Indian pig iron and steel (ingots and casings). The Comité was furnished with a copy of " Monthly Statistics of the Production of certain selected Industries of India " and requested to apply to India House, London, for subscription rates. Arrangements were made with the Comité for the free supply of their publication “ Bulletin Statistique Mensuel to the office of the Director- General of Commercial Intelligence, Calcutta The Bureau Voor landelsinlichtingen, Amsterdam, wrote and asked for names of manufacturers in India of strings for tennis rackets. Suitable adıresses forwarded to the Amsterdam Bureau. The organisers of the All-India Industrial Exhibition at Delhi, February-april, 19:34, solicited our aid in circularising German machinery manufacturers with a view to participation at the Delhi exhibition. l'ull particulars and literature were forwarded to the Reichsstand der Deutschen Industrie and its subordinate affiliated associations requesting them to circularise to all members who might be interested in exilibiting their machinery at Delli. Several enquiries regarding the exihibition were received from machinery manufacturers and the firms were put in touch with the Managing ('ommittee of the Delhi Exhibition, The British Chamber of Commerce in Switzerland wrote and asked for information regarding protection of trade marks in India against infringement. The Chamber was supplied with the appropriate regulations of the Indian Merchandise Marks Act and Manual. The Director-General of Commercial Intelligence asked to be supplied with information on behalf of the Indian Jute Mills association, ('alcutta, about the organisation, equipment and work of textile research institutes on the Continent, which would serve as suitable models for the proposed Research Institute of the Indian jute industry. Extensive enquiries in several countries were instituted and full details regarding existing research institutes were forwarded to Calcutta for transmission to the Indian Jute Mills Association. The Bengal Tanning Institute, Calcutta, asked us to make market enquiries into the possibilities of goran bark as a tanning material. Enquiries were made in several countries and it was ascertained that a wide-spread prejudice (sists among tanners against goran bark on account of the red colour imparted to the leather tanned with this material. Several firms, however, agreed to make further experiments with good quality goran lærk as promised by the Bengal Tanning Institute and askel for sample consignments of the bark with a view to reporting on these experiments. Unfortunately there was inordinate delay in obtaining the samples of goran bark from An ·79 lcutta, and the conngnments were odly shipped at the end urch froin Calcutta They are DOK on their way to t Ti tangeries who kare agreed to conduct these experiments Murma Rice Merchants' Association, Nangoon, stote and aske for the dames of manufacturer of rice mill machinery for us en rire farine Enquiries were made and the names of manufac farers of the type of machinery required were forvarded to the do inventor favorsation engelker with plans, specifications, etc who has divovered a proxers for utilising rice-bran sud san.dust fur thn manufacture of buildiog material approached us with a Tiew to making his procesų known to Government Departments and Direrfors of Industries in India, where toll rice-bran and sak-lunt nre arailable at such cheap prices and 10 such large quantities Ils patent and plaas, ele , mere forwarded to the Director-General of Conmercial Intelligence who bas circulated The them among soterested dt partnıents in Indra and Burma Josenior has informed us that ke has recented edquiries from lodra blrsut his patent focent from snterested parties there An important flombas firm of fresh fruit exporters role and asked us for detailed intorniation regarding the possibilities of marheting Indian mangoes, Granges and binanas ia Gerzuany, and methols of packing, conditions of transport, etc. Extensive enquiries were mode among trade esperta and a full report on all the partrulure asked for was sent out to the Bombay firm Indian fresh fruits as yet uplnona in Continental markets, Cobreguently trait de les base no information regarding their quality and the pricey they would be likely to fetch in the market Horrores, the real tron of the public to an exotic fruit Wike the inapp is an entirely unkporn quantity As regards Inanas and Indian oranges (tangerines or mandarines), the pable livre " orrusfonted to good quality fruit from other kaypying nuotries, and the Indian fruit sould have to be equal a quality, appearance and taste, and competitive regarding price to stand a chance with rival fruit from other countries bolalels posential that of an experiment is to be started in medling fresh fruit (min India to the Continent a beginning should maite with only small sample consignments for the purpose testing the market bere Large trial consigaments of the last will stainly run the future prospects of Indian fresh ist in Contrpental markets, as dificulties are bound to arise the diepoxal ol luge skipinents of fruit that is valnown both the driler and the public. Delay will iperitably result in ration and the outcome will be huge losses to the shipper; for fuition of the consgnment will only love &t for destruction ibe rematoder will be sold at any prices for the sake of drs, & of the fruit. The bad fruit, when it reaches the pallie, line costain to create a bad impression and will prejudice against ladsan fruit for the fature. Il cannot, therefore It 19 ·SO be too strongly emphasised that success in the marketing of Indian fruit on the Continent can only be achieved step by step. at the beginning small sample consignments should be sent, carefully and attractively packed for the European fruit market for the purpose of getting fruit dealers at this end acquainted with the Indian fruit so that they can form some idea of the prices likely to be fetched and of how the public taste will react to the new rarieties. Then, if the Continental fruit dealers and Indian shippers have come to an understanding about prices and methods of packing, etc., further consignments, but still on the small side, will be necessary for testing out popular taste on a wider scale. When these intermediate consignments bare prored successful, both financially and from the point of rier of popularity, then, and only then, should larger consignments be made and a regular fruit trade established between India and the Continent. These remarks are based on the opinions and adrice of the fruit esperts here and on actual experience of disastrous fruit shipments from India made to England and France in the last two years in disregard of the adrice tendered to shippers br the Trade Department in London of the High Commissioner's Office. During the rear a number of business visitors from India called at this office and sought the adrice and assistance of the Trade Commissioner. The majority of these were importers who had come to Europe to seek ner connections with Continental manufacturers and exporters or to meet business friends with whom connections had already been established. One visitor tas introduced to manufacturers of fountain pens and pencils. Another risitor was put in touch with suppliers of toys and children's games. d gentleman as put in touch with firms interested in the importation of mica: he was also introduced to manufacturers seeking agents in India for hardware and dental instruments d representative of a sports goods factory in Sialkot called here and was put in touch with sports goods dealers in Germany, Austria and Czechoslovakia. The manager of a hosiery factory in Calcutta wanted to be put in touch with manufacturers of the most up-to-date hosiery machinery; he was introduced to suitable manufacturers. Another gentleman was introduced to manufacturers of machinery for the production of pencils. One visitor was introduced to manufacturers of cheap watches and clocks in Germany and Stritzerland. The representatire of a soap factory in Bengal called and asked to be put in touch with latest derelopments in the manufacture of soap and perfumes. He was given an introduction to the Reichsstand der Deutschen Industrie through trhom he was placed in touch with machinery manufacturers of the latest types of machinery. The proprietor of a large hardware stores was introduced to manu- ·81 fartarens and exporters of bordware The repro large chemist* ani druge store m ( utt: * to manufjrturers of themicals and dru in Gitmans foothier pentleman the proprietor of a concern rell instruments and gende was put in touch with monu buelin (inr ristor was introduced to manufacturer sod stationery with a viem to tukrag up their agency Jadra Some of th lors calling at the offer had alr atrodered to u bs means of previous letter from the General of Commercial latelligence & Statistics or a of Comraente The practice of sending prior tomatio Trade Commissnoer of the inpending sist of a business man is the mimraded in as mani 4* #4 porsible 8* it ce terulla in an immipasa saring of time for the sisitor Decessarily rori Iittle tim to spare for waiting for informat be collected on his lehall This can l done prior to his ar il temelt intimation ss giren of li t-it by an adronce letr introluriton from the Director General of Commercial Intellige at the (hatlar nt minerte or traile asulation of which he member It will love trolled that an iportant function of the Tra Commissioner » to ord Indian importers seeking to establis Conectrons with Continental manufacturers and esporters manufactured mes prosuded such poods are pot in compelilor with emplar garnis of Indian manufacture During the course of the ser under review numerous enquiries were received from Ind an importer requesting the Trade Commissioner to put thers in touch mith snanufuturers and cijx rters of a large rossels of manufactured good. from all the industrial countries of Vorthern Europe The following enquiries from amook the number morired are selected for mention in this report The Director-General of Conini tetal Intelligence requested us anush him with the names of suppliers of silver bars and miler berts in Ortman: an other countries The addresses of mera) supplier in Gerninhr France and Hulgium werr accertained and Inwarded to the Director (reneral for transmieson to the importers on hour beinull the enquirs sas ma le Calcuila firm aantri to lo put in touch with manufarturer of plynnal al role for tra chesta puirir mere made and the name of uitable manu farturass wirr sujilind to the Calrutta finn Inquiries were Jaron brhall ni a firm who wanted to lur put in touch with Dangfarturers of marhibe for making papat pad padelmari! firm inlmtigations retro lertaien and the narnigs of arutacturers in Denmark Belgium liemmahr Torkar, Iraner Holland were went to the Detector General of Cotnerrini elligence for todosion to the Indlun enquirer beselurr, inquested to fit into fourh lo 1 ·82 General of Commercial Intelligence, Calcutta, for detailed information on the subject of machinery for the manufacture of paper and pasteboard. The Director-General of Commercial Intelligence sought the assistance of this office in obtaining on behalf of a Calcutta firm suitable agencies from German manufacturers of chemicals, hardware, cutlery and tools. Numerous enquiries were made, and the names of interested manufacturers were forwarded to the Director-General for transmission to the Calcutta firm, An Indian firm who was about to conclude a big contract with a German exporter of kerosene-petrol wired to us and asked us to ascertain the financial standing and reputation of the exporter. Enquiries were made and the substance of the information collected was cabled out to India, whereupon the contract was concluded. A firm in Baroda State wrote and asked us to put them in touch with manufacturers of lorry chassis and Diesel engines. After enquiries, the names of suitable manufacturers were forwarded to Baroda. A firm in Cavnpore was put in touch with manufacturers of colours with a view to taking on their agency in India. A firin of electrical contractors and engineers in the United Provinces were introduced to manufacturers of crucibles in Germany. A dealer in Lyallpur, Punjab, was put in touch with manufacturers of embroidery thread and embroidery machinery. A firm of contractors in the United Provinces wrote and asked to be put in touch with manufacturers of machinery for making gramophone records and gramophone motors. Enquiries were made and the names of two manufacturers were sent out to India. A firın in the Punjab was put in touch with manufacturers of latch needles for knitting machines. The same firm was subsequently introduced to exporters of Foollen shawls. A firm in the North West Frontier Province was introduced to manufacturers of imitation gold and silver thread in Germany and France. A firm in Vadras was put in touch with manufacturers of patent medicines, drugs and chemicals with a riew to representation in India. A Sialkot firm was given the names of manufacturers of tennis frames and bends, silk bindings and plywood. A firm in Bombay was put in touch with exporters of slates and slate pencils for school use. A firm in Amritsar was given the names of manufacturers of tennis balls. A Lahore firm was put in touch with manufacturers of bronze powder, essential oils and hardware. A Calcutta firm was put in touch with German manufacturers of safety blasting fuses. A Madras firm was put in touch with suppliers of spring balances, scientific appartus and scientific glass apparatus. The Director- General of Commercial Intelligence wrote on behalf of a firm and asked for names of manufacturers of aluminium, brass and German silver plate pressed wares and household utensils. The necessary enquiries were made and the names of reliable manufacturers were sent to the Director-General, for transmission to ·the enquiring firm The Director General of Como eresal in seiner Frote soil asked on lehalf (f an engineering finn in Bor for names of manufarturers of marhinen for ile malurtro witches and electrical accessories Istenne enquiries made, and the addresses of suitable marufacturers were forwar to the Diretor General The Director General of Cammere Intelligence maile another enquirs for the names of manulactar ni machinert for the manufacture of playing cards Laguir rere anaile and the addresses of manufacturty were sent to Director General for transmission to the enquirer Het apott nguirs baile in the Wirector General of Lomnercial lotellingen i for nonies of manufacturers in Germanr of machinery to Irming machines The names of kuitle inanufacturer wer supplied to the Director Gener! after nuneroux paquiries garage in Bombay wrote and asked to be put in trub with manu ineturers of suall tire motor curs » Germans with a law to A agents in Bombay Inquiries wert nadr ari the muur uitwe interestel manufacturers were fornard ! Bom Calcutta was introduced to manufarturus uf (ardtxard (artons packing boses, etc In this connection it will be useful {roint out to in list Ihsporters (hnt thus offre " in a position to rert introductrons to inanufacturers and exporters in all the industrial contrars of Inrthern l-arope, (8, Germany, I racce Belgium Holland and Sweden Indian firms taling adsantage of this service will en 1 hat thes will be able to obtun utilise estimate $1 m more 177 one country and thus plir els ir I fin ble Inarket Chapter VII-Stoff and Acknowledgments The Inlian Trade Commi«jor es af at Ilarul vir rental for tllowing pereoppel O . Chori Clerk (n) an Asgesot Clerk Shirtkan! T! (1) A Messenger Clerk (iv) a temporary additional Clerk ·84 The Chief Clerk exercises general supervision over the work of the office. He is in charge of the cash and accounts; and he deals with all incoming mail and has the letters sorted and placed in the proper files for submission to the Trade Commissioner, He is in charge of all routine matters and files. He also interviews business and other visitors and attends to telephone enquiries in cases where the visits and enquiries are not personally addressed to the Trade Commissioner. When the Trade Commissioner is absent from headquarters on tour or on leave, the Chief Clerk assumes charge of the office. Thie Assistant Clerk is in charge of the registers of incoming and outgoing letters and maintains all confidential files and all important files which are in constant demand by the Trade Commissioner and the Chief Clerk. The Assistant Clerk performs the greater portion of the shorthand and typing work of the office, is in charge of the office library and the work of maintaining it up to date, and carries out other secretarial work demanded by the Trade Commissioner and the Chief Clerk. The Messenger-Clerk maintains all the general office files and is responsible for placing them in their appropriate cabinets. He sorts all incoming letters and places them in their proper files He also performs a good deal of shorthand-typing work. He carries out the preparatory work in connection with the receiving of exhibition goods for the Leipzig Fair and also sees to their re-despatch after the close of the Fair. The Leipzig work takes up a good part of this officer's time from January to May every year. He is also responsible for the issue of circular routine letters and questionnaires to business firms in Continental countries. The temporary additional Clerk has the entire work of maintaining the card-index systems of the office relating to importers and exporters and the registers of business firms in India and the Continent. This clerical officer is also in charge of the office stamps and the outgoing mail work. Proposals bave been submitted for placing her on a semi-permanent basis, as the important trork of maintaining up to date and efficiently the card-indexes and registers of business firms in India and the various Continental countries requires the attention of a whole-time officer and cannot be left to the other officers who have their hands full with the duties already allotted to them. I record here my deep gratitude te the staff of my office for their loyal support and unflagging zeal. The efficiency of the office is largely due to the ungrudging support given to the Trade Commissioner by each member of the staff. In concluding this Report I express my thanks and appreciation to the departments of the Governments to which I am accredited as Trade Commissioner for the courtesy and attention which they have always given to me. I ore I ove a deep debt of ·3 gratitude to the diplomatır, runsul it and antecial oficer Hus Britannic Majesty's Government in all the countries with mor jarredation for their willing help and co-operation to say not appealed to them for assistante I must thank all Chambers o Commence and trade associations in India and Europe for their ready belp in my work I also take this opportunity of ripreasing my gratitude to the proprietors and editors of newspapers and pablications in India for their continurd support in sending their papers and publications to the Office Isbran where they are of great value to visitors and enquirers who much appreciate the frutener of a regular Indian Dens and intelligence servico 10 Hamburg SULIT! 25th May, 1934 ·Sti APPENDIX A- ISTORTA IXTO Genua:t or PRINCIPAL COMODITIES EXPORTED FROX I:DA. (in 1 polirntnrm; 11):,: while, 10 ]):. i mir!rir ton.) Jandar to Idrember, 1001, January to January to December, 1 December, 1032. 1033. Total 034,578 759,384 1,112,870 Juic ... (rak arii nas!) Sharr : Notinh Insiin Clunt Dotrlı Inding 13:1, W1 1.611 3,113 1.110,271 670 1,027 Total 31,6-45 14,024 17.946 3.03 Jute bars Shair: British India ('enclinatakia liollard Briziun 13,473 frw; 2,47H 3,917 3.738 3-21 Jute cloth Total 11,ECO 10,970 18,103 Slunrr: laitaal 1:19 Hollan 1 Esthonia . Choralin 3.393 3,054 . 319 4,39? 3,6110 Total 5,124 . 6,729 9,912 Juic cloth (bilmaslinele de nuit fup*red) Starr Nr:tial, 11.15 Hollis Switzerland 3.1137 3,37 32 8,516 036 710 1,558,873 1,779,537 1,968,840 Cotion Total in baimet (rnsri Sbarr: Im Inntia 113,170 1,111,:18 10.15 49,35 IIS. 91 12.036 49.943 Total in ))... 3,254,774 3,747,159 4,165,578 Share : Pritish India 1.5.. .../7.131 32 3,131,010 13,1413 102.13 teru 97,016 Tolal (1)2.) 11,703 20,492 Indian hemp Shnor: Intish India Dutch Indien China 3,336 1,3143 31,361 26,033 4.913 30+ 1,794 . Total 289,047 Sisal hemp Shinre: Britiel, Indi, Dutch Indling Batish It! Ainica ... 101,500 5,015 353,666 6,310 IIN,139 03,69: 434,433 4.780 141,725 137,625 Total Coir fibro Share: British India Ceylon 9,:42 1,931 4.945 10,353 1,075 3,030 5.675 2.793 9,928 ...

·87 APPENDIX A-1 (continuen January to Decenter 1031 เตรry ไว Ihrem let 183: January to Detalet 1.11 Colt yo Total €2,212 W 17 190 Total 1,372,457 fr1 83% 04216 19 41 6* 933 1:15 1,205,091 1*1,41 10992 317 31 * 9,041 31 412 0743 1113 4.911* 1627 1*433 1043 410 baro: Dntish Ind. Ceylon Rian-polished San Bntish Indis Buna USA Italy French louls Dutch ladina Rice-unpolished Share: Batub India Bism Italy Dutch Indice rerna 11* 918 0 en 130 3413 2,742,346 2,360 NCS Total 199.119 172632 % 10 46071 1.832 38 IEC 32 390 Rua Total 2,041,871 2 1943 68,70 19 151 210 018 84,877 1,337,114 83...3 #13 6.35 191,91 70 eng 57 C:45 Share 349733 109-09 W37 892,97€ 371 015 1469 3981 110294 27,591 Bntuh ladis Sum U.BA Netherland Dutch Ind Italy 013 ایم و 12,51 1,933 974 Colt Total 1,302,958 940 Ats (raw) Sbaro: British India Brazil Guatemala Bulvador 1,564 473 18,739 GRY 82) 3918 109 017 87,340 10,64 TN Total 82,43 47,976 41 407 1 Share 1 Bntish India Dutch Inds Ceylon China 23.632 20 601 10 387 8*82 9* 9313 3 VO 51,516 $1,447 $1,257 12,334 3.5.19 6 000 0034 31 G1J 10143 JES 9 7,597,1 1.5404 Total (Nack and whte) Share British Indus Dutch Indice Bntiah Malaga Matrs and Dur! Total han of Darl export ng Countries) Shan! Bntlab India Botish but Africa opt Men' Cuins I'alatino Olber Asiatto Countnes S1C1 . 1:11 6,072,345 5,34 34 (77 69791 1040 200039 54 23 (ms 62,705 02,103 'N 1** 312 3 in Total $7.01 $ 14 probalans Eben1 Ritish India Turkey ·APPEXDIS I-I (com/.... Ja to Doce-5... 19 1:31. 1935. Ce bids ... Tebe! 773,620 215,747 Skin: 5 Eds Irtise 1. 0.003 P1F? 2017 ESSE 2.537 --- Tchal 217,120 182970 231,533 CON bilis (crv) S: B-TEC 6:22 576 Stas skirs .. TC12I 7,609 57,901 59,243 Sun: Baitul Scrie Rais Icelica 2,730 2,173 9,14 Telesne a. 4,633,831 5,230,452 zal kirs (FI) Sn: 6... - Sen ETE Coin 1.- 1.152 1,196,116 1.SE? 17.331 . 51 21:15 Rete skins Total giorno 1,535,73 3383450 3,673457 Sour: B Ice سرزمین 183,975 23! 263,992 93 DET. re! 320 S 1.452.757 250 1,755,153 357,978 SI,37 T012) 1,215,993 2034,210 3,649,385 G - Skins (Free) Share: B..+28 L GOB 512-573 I.-7.45 119ST 51.6 F1 $31.589 473,399 CS Total pisce- 6,071,177 7,5m3,314 10,501,671 She and skies (perc) Sear: Bal. Gr.2: B12 F:3:02 Leigis 670..17 3.!! 1. Com 119.00 155.65 2,970 220925 11070S LOSTI ТезX Totali Da Shise: Ei Liz CS... 10,330 4. 10,043 IS IT0 1.153 1.617 Teh (DO 159,710 2343 Rapstad Scare: B13 Ladi Polid Dari Расс. ... 183,37 ICO. 35 33. JOS IS,191 250,039 137.S.COM -- ·E3 APPRYDIS I - continue January in Thembet 1931 ood January in Done by 131 Jsoury blare: Batuh Indus British Mert Arna Total 1830 Nav 14416 17 04 اند 854,400 244,777 519 353 3,619 10.5u LA (13 183 93 اره ما 119.693 7:13 11" RUS Groundnuta Total (endecorticated) Share Butuh India China rench Most Africa Britlah Want Africa Grtundnuts Total (decretxated) Ehan : Bntish India China Bntish West Africa Limo Total Share : Brituta In LA Argentine Ko Khare: British India Dutch Indor Brituh Malay Ceylon 4177,363 2,677,182 4,024.53 404167 633,752 1,033 33700 - 184,919 1613 3,404,931 104),181) 3 134 4w W34 89 0 4, 54,153 1,872,731 13.369 3.11376 1,451,257 00 092 11:1,83 DJ on AJ 11" Oricak- (0.34: I ASUM 4.8 es, 03 1217 02 62 87312 2014 Total Cotton wed Baro: Bntlah India buriet Russia USA Argentino ITP Brutal MS154 4.17 621 4) 66.711 110.10 119 m 9:40 134.. 101.. 679,743 9 100 7933 31 DOY 102,390 NI 50 01.550 1,704,796 755.251 357 m 15107 131 97) nunnut ALAN: Entish India Frudne Argentina Holland Total 101 10 41 rt 33 3:52 1.12.07 **3 417 V3.0 03 n T8 ! og 33W 131 SI ** Share Kotish Indus "hilippines Dutch lots Total 3,707 107 411,974 19:19 1,01L037 &1 132 412.996 040 JI Totat Mar. Hatuh In lua Norit Run Carbonloralis Ilant 11 lant 1,070,136 IR 4*** UXA O* I 1:641 110 61210 0 113 4.12 ·90 APPENDIX A-I. (continued). January to Decembor, 1931. January to December, 1032. January to December, 1933. Animal bone manure, blood meal, etc. Total Share : British India Argentino Holland 349,110 42,085 100,405 27,130 263,344 20,762 114,269 26,600 288,511 29,701 144,018 10,774 ... Total ... Bono mea? Sharo : British India Denmark Argentino 85,348 48,710 11,763 14,001 43,222 28,410 6,698 0,280 46,589 37,319 0,465 593 Total Gum lac Sharo: British Indin Siam 30,844 29,016 681 24,132 23,760 244 21,146 20,588 353 Total ... Shellac Sharo: British India Dutch Indies 24,748 24,428 241 19,945 19,216 418 17,797 17,271 390 Total 1 .. ... Pig iron Sharo: British India Franco Swolon Soar Territory Great Britain 1,174,787 163,753 362,633 104,867 203,891 132,585 626,282 91,137 210,849 64,629 08,742 87,904 747,324 71,681 213,364 130,329 101,492 76,360 ... ... Tin Total ... ... ... Sharo: British Indio Dutch Indies British Malaya 135,132 13,682 60,424 24,687 121,098 29,328 34,311 23,869 148,723 18,972 60,341 17,183 Total ... Manganese Share : British Indir Soviet Russia Dutch Indies 1,623,613 233,858 1,114,674 35,125 1,067,791 50,607 853,380 32,346 1.319.255 300,435 859,706 50,547 ... Total Nickel oro Share : British India Greece ::: 195,892 25,885 159,916 176,984 28,032 143,256 345,126 31,179 271,865 Total Wollram oro Share. British India China ... 48,223 11,089 28,845 6,318 8,857 37,664 13,977 19,068 1 Miica Total 3,467 3,939 5,806 Share : British India British East Africa Great Britain 2,553 58 211 3,095 32 142 3,885 402 280 ·91 APPENDIX A (continued). January to December 1931 Jaotary to Daromley he hand Jano 1933 Derne 191 bbar: Britud India Australia Berico USA Total 445,702 ID DAS :43 1:4 17" 493 83 651 506,548 TOD Magnets Share Botinh Indus Austria Crechenlorstua 87,5** 3:,:51 3.0 3194 * 8113 Totat 500 001 3191 213 963 HIM 345,76 :01: 15625 Permin wax Shan Batuh India USA Entret Ronals Data Indiet Total ינו 9 31:101 113*3: 17,284 DUASA 318 141,314 1: 723 119 310 19.03 IR) LIO 9.X 13 112 IO DA ·92 APPENDIX A-II. IMPORTS INTO GERMANY OF PRINCIPAL COMMODITIES EXPORTED FROM INDIA. (In Doppelzentners : 1 Dz.=100 kilos; 10 Dz. 1 metric ton.) January to March, 1932, January to Maroh, 1933. January to March 1934, Total 202,876 276,522 350,457 Jute (ray and waste) Share : British India 202,115 275,960 349,020 Total Jute bags Share : British India Czechoslovakia Netherlands 2,745 1,246 406 842 14,182 2,449 2,552 409 1,337 531 3,257 Total 2,323 4,481 5,907 Jute cloth (sacking) Share : British India Netherlands Czechoslovakia Esthonia 1,426 504 3,087 204 2,369 1,988 1,220 689 ... Total ... 116 1,322 349 Jute cloth (bleached, dyed and worked) Share : British India 1,211 518,390 499,794 511,597 Cotton Total in bales (raw) Shaie : British India U.S.A. Egypt 35,362 410,633 35,187 38,114 387,387 36,839 47,400 357,638 46 004 Total in Dz. Share : British India U.S.A. Egypt 096,921 63,180 869,799 116,344 1,074,306 70,581 821,319 120,872 1,078,427 86,158 764,423 153,434 ... .. Total ... Indian hemp Share : British India Dutch Indies 4,513 4,263 250 8,937 7,943 9,477 7,721 204 Total 71,697 Sisal hemp Share: British India Tanganyika Dutch Indies British East Africa 12,073 12,036 31,349 80,271 1,056 18,212 30,484 18,567 100,379 1,064 35,051 28,727 11,124 Total Coir fibre Share. British India Ceylon 2,759 2,630 1,116 1,401 1,164 722 442 .. Coir yarn Total Share: British India Ceylon 18,061 17,712 21,265 20,710 26,569 25,162 1,195 ·93 APPENDIYA-1 (continw I) Isovary January 1o Burch. 1933 Jungary th March 1936 1932. Rio Total 18, (poluded) WLAN Britixh In bis 3 RON um French Intu Italy U.LA &L OSS 10,545 Ilona 2616 G'S 11.50 49 490 331 -0,31 13.us Total 345,128 57,083 313 716 * 717 (unpuhe) Share Betish India Jual Samy 60 Totat 3% Rice Bran hare 253 640 109,03" 34 033 British In la USA Suam 41 291,284 04 05 3039 6810 Corsa Total 354,043 353,325 Share British Indis Brazil Guatemala Columbia Salvador . 12 33.95 13 9 -64 296,570 1 910 10 441 82 611 19.33 2.131 134926 ( 47 402 Tota) Share Batuh Indu Irutch Ini Ceylon 13.365 3.001 BRI 10,603 2008 4053 10,935 BY Aj :16 Trial 12,208 12,094 11 617 :6118 7439 Pho M **0 1 MCU Popper (white and blach) hart Bntish India Dutch Indies British Valnya Malay and Dart Total Marm of Dari Exporting at the Britih Ini British Haxt Africa 1.734,581 135,352 791,271 32 014 1:35 191 SON) 31 323 1931 ersta China lalat pe Otler Auratis tintne I 816 Modelant bare Total 10,43 14,413 Pntah In las Cew Alda Total 156 TOS Share Imtuh Ind. Irgentine Liet 13 81 !

·94 APPENDIX A-II. (continued). January to March, 1032. January to March, 1933. Junuary to March 1934. Total ... 52,822 61,845 ... 62,099 ow hides (dry) Share : British India Argentino Brazil 0,674 12,774 12,087 7,204 15,060 13,011 0,777 14,732 11,032 Total ... ... 13,355 12,159 19,782 Elecp skins (raw) Sharc: British India Soviet Russia Iceland ... 6,079 786 3,635 746 550 7,878 2,906 ... ... 1,034,319 1,037,832 1,514,933 ; oat skins ... Total in piccc.3 (raw) Share: British Indic. Spain Czechoslovakia Egypt eptile skins Total in picces Share : British India Argentine Brazil Dutch Indies 237,418 172,818 99,068 50,100 135,773 172,136 105,820 143,078 384,105 312,394 140,500 109,400 I.. 475,156 02,318 894,962 162,340 ... ... 697,815 65,825 256,016 176,633 102,714 ... 211,207 102,044 1 467,241 47,616 ... 291,599 826,633 824,205 oat Skins... Total in pieces (prepared) Sbore : British Indis Great Britain U.S.A. Franco 29,030 147,148 89,426 470,942 224,297 60,431 44,670 377,383 253,551 62,589 32,484 1,534,372 2,143,322 3,250,097 heep & Lamb Skins Total in pieces (prepared) Share : British India Great Britain Belgium France Netherlands ... ... 629,233 265,024 405,693 135,290 166,112 985,966 202,004 432,794 95,033 196,366 1,491,937 644,416 413,334 220,087 I. ... eak Total in Dz. Share: British India 2,887 1,972 1,276 521 5,389 3,634 .. ape seed Total Share : British India Poland Soviet Russia :::: 25,615 7,031 8,005 64,882 39,845 5,873 58,652 44,459 6,480 3,399 ... iger seed Share : Total British India 5,694 3,632 4,562 2,845 3,247 3,141 Total 100,123 175,331 165,375 roundnuts... (undecorticated) Share : British India British West Africa China French West Africa ... 15,969 16,297 22,333 41,719 52,805 4,269 27,719 88,795 8,574 108,541 32,659 14,224 ·95 APPENDIS AII (continued) Jantiary to March 103 Jangary to March 1913 January to Mart 1934 Totat 844,103 744,103 Groundnuts decorticatad) Share Butuh Inda Brtub Bot Aincs Ching 03.103 3 3 163 1045 44 3 15 23 B011 Total 1,125,755 Sham Bntuh Ind Argent ne 35 159 10 3 47 1 G575$ 34 (0) I 191 11 Jul Total 259 121 311 723 I 795 fber: Br tuh Indus Dutch Indien Ceylon T75,163 I 31 N1J 67! ICA "201 Oileak Cottensed Ehara Total 158,872 241 939 2828 Batuh ladas Argentino USA 3 31 4 OK 33 64 0011 Total 462,427 XI 677 719 3)? 6,500 Croandnut Sharer Untuh Ind. Bwitzerland Italy Franco 13 23" 101 102 161 Total 354 483 11 16 1 في ال Kopra Shan Bntish Ind. Tbil prines Dutch Ind 211,713 B660 104 13 49 387 371 Total 11.354 Linama Sharo: Bntlah Inda Sovet Rumia 317 000 19 500 134 (78 1345 334,594 1.443 1,319 310 3 Italy Animal bone manure blood meal, ott. Total 65,573 It 314 1910 #3314 19.230 15,743 33 Sbare British Ind Arkontine U.N.A 11 618 Long Ma Share Total 11 6 703 14,095 13 112 00 Bolthh India Argentina Total 1 001 943 4,401 (116 Share Britu Iola Total 440 4,161 Iwritish Inds ·96 APPENDIX A-II. (continued). Jondary to Morob, 1932. January to Maroh, 1933, January to March 1934 Total Pig iron Share : British India France Sweden Saar Teritory 126,351 20,444 40,924 9,777 14,062 184,801 27,445 43,730 23,284 19,711 222,824 30,036 61,697 39,497 32,083 ... Total 27,974 33,693 39,273 Tin (raw) Sharo: British India Dutch Indies Netherlands 6,260 9,910 958 7,757 10,765 2,618 3,772 16,817 4,748 Total Manganose Sharo: British Indin Soviet Russia British West Africa 266,855 0,576 236,201 339,033 102,976 206,809 465,024 15,407 391,347 10,086 Total ... Nickol orc Sharo: British India Greece Canada 6,655 5,012 66,554 2,005 60,960 130,588 8,984 107,493 11,582 Total Wolfram ore Share : British India China ::: 6,484 4,337 1,405 9,798 2,980 6,061 9,402 1,959 6,306 ... Mica Total 751 664 Share : British India 1,058 926 1,810 1,110 Total 71,274 149,641 Pig lead Share : British India Australin Mexico 118,405 16,539 27,953 24,642 37,686 12,136 59,146 55,245 Total Paraffin wax Share : British India U.S.A. ::: 24,306 3,288 18,866 33,920 2,697 27,244 43,166 6,019 30,231 -- ·97 APPENDIX B Prick or PRINCIPAL INDIAN COUVODITIES QUOTYD OY LALIA BIXXXY ExchaYOPS DLRNG DIFFERENT TERIOS UT THIK TRAI April, 1933 July 1033 October 1933 January 1931 March 13t Dita (Iambark, In Blarks per 101 Ine) Une 0.1 Grotundnat 01 Castor OXI 26 41 34) 43-40 .. 191 263 38_35 33-30 ret 101 Dom Oflak (Itamburg in Mark per WL 100) Canon Palm Linmed Rapo Groundnut 8-35-10 405-5- 331) 35 340-30) 6 30-35 70-75 6-60-70 730-40 650-53 7 73-50 845-2) 13. 8-03-10 6 Ono * 80-80 8 - 0 78.5-2 860) 773-80) 8 /03 Hur 74.5-1 8 Sco 7 10- 7 - - Dilends (London in per kon) Lined Croundnuta Palasketocla (liverpool) Custommad 105 93 N D) 10} 81 DU Spices (lembarg in Marks prim Itlon duty un !) Cnnamon l'epper Llack Lampong 02. to Muntok 74 10 01 80 78 110 05 05 CU DE 12 -6 C D C 03 103 Cotton (tant Indian, llamburg ta feno por 16 Fapredne malfeinde te roughinh Hren en Claust Hoy kinan standard J Termen Claure 11 JM) 33 4.3 195 125 15 1 ·98 APPENDIX B (continued). April, 1933. July, 1933. October, 1933. January, 1934. March, 1934. per lb.). 6.01 8.15 5.54 5.41 7.14 4.94 5.88 8.53 5.18 6.61 8.99 5.70 4.93 Cotton (Liverpool, in pence American Middling Egypt, Sakels F.G.F. M.G. Surtee F.G. M.G. Broach F.G., good staple M.G. Punjab - American F.G., good staple Central Provinces, Oomra No. 1, staple superfine... M.G. Bengal F.G.... M.G. Bengal F.G., superfine 4.52 5.08 4.37 4.50 4.89 4.50 5.05 4.52 4.76 5.04 4.58 3.84 4:04 5.23 4.17 4.37 4.70 3.64 3.84 4.90 3.96 4.16 5.22 3-83 4.03 Shollac (London, in shillings and pence per owt.). T.N. Orange 43/6 64/6 60/- 94/6 ... 92/6 Shellac (Hamburg, in marks per 100 kilos or warehouse Bremen). T.N. Orange Button lac... ... Il 95-110 120-140 84-100 110-125 140-155 150-175 140-155 150–176 ... ... ... Tea (London, in penco per lb.). Pokoo Broken Pekoo Orange Pekoe Broken Orange Pekoo Indian Northern Indian Southern Ceylon Jaya Sumatra 71-82 77-24 77-261 74-321 9.85 10.80 11.34 81-131 84-11 9-15 84-53 9.51 9.58 11.49 8.24 7.55 101-25 101-251 11-30 11-341 16.04 12.45 17.76 10.07 9.73 101-111 104-13 111-271 11-25} 14.75 14.87 16.00 12.09 11.70 131–161 13-181 131-29 131-28 14.45 14.33 15-48 12.30 11.86 ► .. ... ... ... Jute (London, in £ per ton). First Marks Inferior Marks ... 145 145 AA ook 165 16 147 14 169 141 161 141 ·99 APPENDIT B (continued) April, 1933 Jaly, 1933 October 1933 Jessary 1931 March 1231 Rhon (Hamburg) 813 it th per 60 kilor, duty unpaid 8/ 9/3 107- 9/6 11/8 19771 il/ 10/6 10/0 13/3 12/3 15/9 15/3 18/ 7/8 8/41 7/11 8/11 Barbos LRO Duria 000 poluhed do 0000 polushed Moolnet 000 Aku 00000 Baum and polished do no puduhed Putsa 000 polished Lokcal Broken 11 127- la ruske per kilos uxlading Monopoly tax du po! D SO 10 15 10)S 10-85 11 111) 1: 1:35 19 33 13 ) 13 10 60 11 20 Il 1205 13 43 IJ 45 14 95 i 45 15 15 IHM 820 5 N13 785 bo x ) in marksl por 50 kilos, da ty paid Italian 60 polubel Extra fancy blue Tono do Carolina 11 30 18 55 1865 11 13 19 30 11 30 19 17 25 16 GO-177 Rm Rm Rm. Approximate Hale of exchange : Il equal to 13 - 13 67 1!

·100 APPEN PRICES OF PRINCIPAL INDIAN COMMODITIES QUOTED ON January, 1931, ist neck. 2nd weck. 3rd rock. 4th weck. 231 O:ls (Inmburg, in Blerks p. 100 kilos). Lin-ced (1) Groundnut Oil Cistor Oil (11 £ per 1016 lilcs).. 25 237 281-261 2:23 25-26 221 29-26 241 210 29-26 Oilca!cs (Hamburg, in Marlis 1.50 kilos.) ('ocos Palm Lined Rann Groundnut 8.90-55 7.95-9.- $.75-90 7.50-S5 5.35-10 S•65-70 755-90 6-65-70 775-90 8-/5-05 8.70-75 7-90-95 8.70-75 780-55 6.-18:05 6:50-35 7-C0-05 8.75-50 7.00-65 7.90-95 103 Oilseeds (London, in . per ton). Linseed Groundnuts Palmkcrocls (Luregol) Casiorsend.. 103 63 114 1176 83 aw Spices (Hamburg, in Blarks p.100 kilos, duty unpaid). Cinamon. Perper, black Lampong Perner, wbite Juniok 69-92 74-92 62 103 70-94 62 102 " 74-30 62 96 102 .. Colloni, East Irdsar: (Hamburg, in pe!!CC, per lb.). Superfioc mgd Scindc ribite roughish Brumen clanscl. Fine Oemra Standard 1 Bremcu clacsc II., 3.53 . 3.80 3.85 3.80 4.15 4.45 4.50 4.45 5.39 779 Collor, (Liverpool, in recce per lb.). American Jiddling Egri Sakels F.G.F. M.G. Surtec F.G, M.G.Broach F.G. good staple J.G.Punjab.Imerican F.G good staple Central Prorince Ooinn No. 1, siaplc superfine.. M.G.Bengal F.G. JI.G.Beogel F.G. superfine 5.89 8.53 5.19 4.50 476 5.97 9.33 5.24 4.56 4.82 6:07 6:52 5:33 4:52 4.09 4.35 .. 4.51 3.57 3.77 4.90 3.96 4.16 4.96 4.02 4.22 4.69 395 4.15 ·101 DIX C. BREXEX/DAXBORO EXCIIANGES JANUARY-BIARCH, 1934 February, 1931 arch, 1934 In 2nd week Srd wock (th week 1st moet od week 3rd week 4th Weot 911 20 24 241 201 29-20 243 19 28-26 19 29-26 257 191 23-96 26 191 28 27 26 19 29-27 8 15-30 750-4 400-45 103-60 7 66-90 8 80-35 7 85-CO 8 BS CO 150-35 T 00.35 A CS-TO 1 es-70 885 TO 745-50 8-03-10 B 60-83 7 Co-65 8 05 70 7 10-15 8 10-15 8 GO-65 7 GO-05 8 CS-70 745.50 7-95-8 - 8 35-60 7 15-50 8 35-60 7 40-48 7 958 8 30-85 7 45-50 635-00 7 90-95 7 90-98 8 43-30 7 30-35 885-00 7 15 20 7 95 - 11 "} 716 9 11: 87 79 92 91% 09 ca 90 08-02 63 94 49.92 3 B9 CB 92 39 80 G2 99 69 91 62 93 GS 92 62 92 09 92 36 83 30 3-95 3 85 9.10 9 70 $ 76 370 900 10 4-GO 145 $ 45 4 50 4 15 435 670 O G1 . $ 164 GCG 9 20 5 76 4-35 623 8 67 480 C2 BRS 5 G1 LAO 802 6 35 8-96 6 CS (BL 5-08 6 (G 075 $33 669 15 $ 59 & "S 0.00 5 70 180 501 #01 4017 14 & Yo 305 3-09 SRS 403 16 43 5 10 ses 4-05 522 3 83 403 512 3 72 JEC ·102 APPENDIX C January, 1031, 1st serk, And sock. 3rd werk. Ath rock, Shellac (london in rh. d. perch!). T.X. Orang !!!6 1021- 93- Shellac (llamturf, 1.1 Marsogone linkit ny war nurn Borinen). T.8. Or.105 Buklonilir.. 140-185 150-175 101-111 11:27 133-143 13-22 101-111 101-17 114 ini 101.57" 133-214 13:-IC 11-01 Tea (london, ingene for lb) Pokon Irskrut'rlin 0:anson l'obra Brisco (116 Pien Indian Sw:tissu Indian Soul!« 711 Cylon JAT Sum! 11-231 14.75 .. 15:27 14.51 16.12 12 G3 12.15 10) 12 09 11.70 11 TO Juli (Iondon in bron] l'ir murha Interior mark IG } iri 167 134 10 14! 10 15 11.0 1013 110 11.20 10 15 11.20 11.30 1225 11.10 12.35 11.30 11 30 11:59 11.00 13:45 13.43 13 CD Rice (lininbur. in Parksta:!Uholna, nel. Minningoli tix Duls faldt Durin1 1 1. oklcoop Ist ein, (2,0 polisbied old :01.. I'S CAT Baracin moo old roop dernccin 00,00 oid crop ne* cror Siam 000 pulihoral oli crop link coli Srain (no mleled old coup Den Joulmein Coolil crop 11el CI Broken I oli) crop.. fini con Prolon Il old crop nel crop Lutra laucy Iluron's qui od crop Italian G'0) qolished oil coop I'11119 soli-lei nos crip Ruroon RO 11r's prip 13 15 13 !!! 19 13 130 | 13.20 13 20 . 17.00 13 23 13:35 6:33 3 > 8.53 $ S20 921) A10 < .. 19,0 11 15 1930 11.15 19.50 11.15 8 20 530 1930 11.16 17.85 10 23 .

·103 (pomijas February 1934 March 1931 Ist weet 10d weet Std whet {lb weet ist weet and arset Ord wook weet 911 9113 -f16 906 9110 ED 8716 110-153 150-175 140-153 150-175 177 140 135-100 13 19 111-25 13-25 03-551 12:31 ពីខ្លះ 181-923 is is 31 234 14-321 14 7 1199 15 $1 12 86 12 31 13-17) 18 19 134431 13.95 14 63 14 CG 1369 W 21 13423! 23 83 14 15 N 67 1581 11 32 3290 1297 11 42 se a 19 25 11 50 38826633*$.$888 10-13 11 20 21 30 12 33 11 50 11 Co 13 45 2300 1S is 15 13 45 Isso 15 15 18 (0 8888888888888888 *8888888888888 *83*888888 SO 3892

·104
CALCUTTA liit8
Jxtiliary to Narch, 1931.
M.D.A. (12 Iha. Blandard)--
January
Fabruary
Marchi
d.
bd.
..
B.D.D) (1911. Standard) -
January
I'remary
arch
64.
.
41d.
11.1.0), (1911. 6:andard)
January
Frliruary
!larchi
..
(d,
3id.
..

·105 APPFYDID Lripzioen FHORJATIRAMF5XF 1931 Awstrllung tom Inducher faren organisiert ton der Induchen Reguerung im Ringmesshaus 5 Obergeschoss Koje 10*9/1113 Namen Awellenszepentinde Ahlawalla & fopi London FCS Sportartikel 76 Milton Street Play Company Limited Allerne koronarne Vertreter yer & flawle London Crueby By Care The Chrome Tanther Co Chromepet Inischer lader Chau Dlokonaan A to Lil London W1 Chutres. Carrypolor (overnment Bull Institel. Po Natl nagar Bhagalpur faljeniacher Baxte und andere Seldon waren Indleche Jule Giridharimall lamint Ooatl Calcutta Vertreter D 1 Mall i llambung formonbof Ir llarry & Co Naruipur Mektuppello Rp trendecken Chelturam loriltam I td The Tele ya Bica Vertreter VW () Stramm Merlin Charlottenburg Barliner Strune 109 110 8 #Imam Iltam Sahiningar Ilo ruchnitzereen Teatablete 7 8* Allendoren Rauchtlecheate Jonah & Joseph'era sur II and gotlusreite Spitzendecken harm Chand Pajuri lal Ilcohlerper Tolzabaltzersen Teatablele mit lfenbelooniaren ete dar Outll ngel Hamburg (athariper trum) Idsche Teen Korloj! Sos City Marshall 4 C 1Ad Llombay Tennlac blagor Hockeyechler uadronitio fponlari! Hangmu une mecble Frachte Numdebe Ird Teppiche a lanter Indische Terrieto Currypoder Chelsea HebSul 3.kerally & Son Pombey CA Xala london Sew Inta Seu CO 6 slot Cily Ind. Tesalirchis per un alle Temat me te The North Ardent les flsthetty portart let 2 ·106 0. O. M. (London) Ltd., London, E.O. 1. Sandgeknüpfte Teppiche 4a, Newgate Street .. Oriental Trading Co., London, E.C.2, 51, Räucherkerzen, Perlomes Milton Streot .. Ilmonitsand, Ziroonsagd, Monazitaand F. X, Pereira & Sops, Quilon. Vortroter: Hüpeden & Co., Hamburg, Raboisen 96 Punjab Arts & Crafts Dopot, Lalore Messingwaron, Solnitzereien Runstgegenständo Punjab Ivory Works, Amritsar Elfenbein Schnitzoreion J. A. Rizvi & Co., Raipur Schlangenhäute, Reptilbäute J. A. Sharwood & Co., Ltd., London Chutneys, Currypudor Sydenham & Corlett, London, E.C. 3, 35, Cocanada Palmyra Faser Great St. Helens, Bishopsgate Tho Trade, Commissioner for Mysore, London. W.2, Trafalgar Squaro Alysore Knffon, Sandelbolzöl Indisober Hanf Wigglesworth & Co., Ltd., London, Vertretor : Nussbaum & Co., Hamburg, Gröningerstrasse 8 Bemerkungen: Aufträge fiir Sport-Artikel, Spitzen. Seiden und Fantasie Artikel und Anfrageil nach zuverlässigen Lieferungs-Firmen von allerlei indischen Waren werden berertwilligst im indischen Stand entgegen genommen, desweileren werden Auskiinfle über indischen Tarcnezpori crteilt durch die HANDELSVERTRETUNG DER INDISCHEN REGIERUNG HAMBURG. NEUER JUNGFERNSTIEG 9 1393/53-525 –734-35 & HGP- 76818 ·ADVERTISE in INDIAN OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS. It will bring your Goods to the noice of the purchasing public in India, For particulars, advertisement rates, etc., of the INDIAN TRADE JOURNAL AGRICULTURE & LIVESTOCK IN INDIA, INDIAN ARMY LIST. INDIAN AGRICULTURAL JOURNAL OF SCIENCE, FAUJI AKHBAR, INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCE & ANIMAL HUSBANDRY, ROYAL INDIAN MARINE LIST, etc. etc. etc. TTLE : COMMISSIONER FOR ADUA, r BUCATIONS DRANCIL 1SDA IOUSE, ALDWYAL UNDOY, WC2 TIDE LUXAGER OF PLEUCATIONS, DE INTS DELL LYDIA

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·Abstract Proceedings
of tho
Seventeenth Meeting of the Indian
Central Cotton Committee, Bombay,
held on the
30th and 31st July 1928.