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·SAUNDERS' MONTHLY MAGAZIN É. No. VI.] APRIL, 1852. [VOL. I. V/v vụ CONTENTS FOR APRIL. PAG... A CHAT ABOUT THE Women or CHAUCER, --No. IV., ......... 343 The RoSICRUCIANS, 056 Tir CANTERBURY COLONY-ITS SITE AND PROSPECTS,.. ........ .... 357 * Man's Mission,.... 373 Tue SOLDIEL'S LE,.... 375 Tar “ MOPUSSIL," 381 ........ ..... THE STORY UNCONCLUDED), 385 ...... To A TOBACCONIST,...... . 386 ........ ON VEDANTISM ; OR THE RELIGION OF THE VEDANTA...... 387 PLACE Tuy Trust in God....... 398 . LINDENSTOWE,--A TALE,.... 400 2 ABSENCE............. 416 . SELECTIONS AND TRANSLATION.-On the mewns of distinguishing between real and apparent Death. - The Thre? Nuts. The Novels of Cervantes ; Dialogue of the Dogs of the Ilospital of the Resurrection--Scipio and Berganza,................ CLVU TO CLXXXII

·NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS.
<<
The lines on Evening, declined with thanks.
The “ Reflections on the present state of Europe,” are unsuited to our
coluinns.
“ Martin Shuttlecock-" shall appear in an edily murber.
A. B. will oblige us by sending the remainder of his "Notes of a Trip to
Cashmere" as early as possible.
Bursch. We fear tre novel is too long for our Magazine.
W. E. (i. A translation of " Mademoisidle de la Seiglière" has already
been published in India.
We have to ask the indulgence of several contributors, whose papers have
been postponed.

·PUBLIC LIBRARY 18:59 SAUNDERS' MONTHLY MAGAZINE. No. VI.] APRIL, 1852. [Vol. I. A CHAT ABOUT THE WOMEN OF CHAUCER.-NO. IV. "SUCA was old Chaucer : such the placid mien Or him who first with harmony infornied The language of Ola' fathers. Herc lic dwelt For many a cheerful day. These ancient walls Have ofteri Ircard him while his lcgend, blithe He sang; of love, or knighthood, or the wiles Of homely life. Through each estate and age, The fashions and the follics of the world With cunning hand portraying, who in times, Dark and untaught, began with charming verse To tame the rudeness of his native land." Lines for a Status of Chaucer at Woodstock. AKENSIDE. From Peter Ovidius Nang Jones, Esquire, India, to the Lady Jemima Jingle, Belgravia, London “ READABLE nonsense,' you only gods who will cudgel their remark most correctly, my dear brains, and vex their souls upon Coz, may contain a great many the subject, are most probably, scraps of very agreeable sensc, the "dii minorum gentium," the pleasantly inculcated ; just as exiguous demi-gods of small su- “soft nothings" opportunely mur burbs; the men, a few merely mured conjure up visionary vistas morose mal-contents, who smile full of coming realities, such as seldom and sneer unceasingly ; parish Churches, joyous-bell the columns, hebdomadal, biringers, churiots and four, white weekly op djurna—but no the satin favours, smiling faces, ve less the say about them, the betnerable white-robed Bishops, plain "ter! gold rings and cozy fire-sides, &c. You want another portrait-you and you charge me on no account have had an Ecclesiastical Lada to alter my style, for the pu.pose and one from the realms of Faereof propitiating the award of dom, a merry matron from the angods, mengor columns." The cient Saxon Ackmanchester or "the- J ·344 A Chat about the Women of Chaucer. city of valetudinarians," to wit, having gained his end, not twelve, Bath, as the old chorus goes : (as had been ugrecd), but twelve " Wisc Bladud founded hatit times ten fasces, the emblems of Both soul and body's Bath; sovereign power, appeared every a Trojan heroine, and another from day at the Forum, one hundred Lombardy, and the Sortes Chau and twenty Lictors carrying axes ceriane having opened the vo bound ' up with those ensigns, lume at " The Doctoure's Tale," figuring forth ten, kings, sprcadpoint out the Roman Virgin ing terror among all classes, patri- Virginia” for my next adven-. cian and plebeian alike, the power ture, of the people afid the sovereignty But now,- for Chaucer's Tale of Kings being thus blent $rico a reads like a ballad, --stares me in hideous hybrid autocrasy! No the face that beautifullay of Mac wonder that the Decemvirs were aulay's, --but then again, it is so overthrowrf as the Kings had been; unlike, so differently treated, that no wonder that a tragedy of Vir- Dut even an Edinburgh Reviewer ginii should follow a tragedy of “ shall hold me back" when your Lucretia; that injustice should besmiles “beck me to come on." get revolt, and revolt should snite I might indeed scize the oppor dowri tyranny! All this I might tunity, and indulge the critics with relate, and the critic3 would prog a nemoir of the life and times of bably entertain a strong suspicion Appius Claudius ; I might dilate that I have been lately perusing upon the trial and failure of De the works of a distinguished gencemvir Governments, point out tleman who was born at Padua how at, in the three hundred fifty-eight years before the Chrisand first year from the building tian æra, and rejoiced in the name of Rome, B. C. 450, the form of of Titus Livius. Again, who is to Government underwent a second hinder me from writing a dissertachange; that the supreme autho tiun upon ballad history, tracing rity was taken from the Consuls, the transicion from hymn to historic and entrusted to Deccirvirs, just ditty, through all ages. Coinmenas formerly, it had been trapsfer- cing as unquestionably song did red from Kings to Consuls ; that commence, with the first sunrise in the Decemvirs broke down and Paradise, for even Free Masonry failed from their own lainentable is fond of affirming, that licentiqusness; that Appius Clau since symmetry began, and harmodius was one of the first of the ny displayed her charms, our or- Decemvirs, and that he and der has had “being ;"-or beginhis colleagues promulgated the ning with that earliest music from relebrated “ Ten tables," which female lips, which hearing among other matters declared that the "rights of all had For cnvy.' been placed on an equal fouling.'" Eve's evening hynin in Eden ; How that, Appius Claudius llav- : Aber's Bucolic to his browsing ing been first created to his office, finck ; Nimrod's great Assyrian managed by popularity-hunting, chorus and bribery, and corruption, and * Ob { what shall be our sport to day?" disbohest insincere promises, to or the Ninevehan version of "A southerly wind and a cloudy sky get himself elected also; and that Proclaim a huutiny bdrning: 66 ever " Aside the devil turned 9 11 ·1 A Chat about the women of Charcer. 345 on through the mighty" Am “ Golden Fleece" and the Argo- Rheyn" of the Israelitish lost, as naytic warriors ; the lymns of their eyes fell on the waters of Homers sung to such instruments the Erythrean* sea, which was to as are thus described in the hymn run red with the blood of their to Mercury : pursuers ; on to the lay of the " And throngh the stone-shelled tortoise's strong skin, At proper distances small holes hc made, And fastened the cut-sterns of reeds within, And with a picce of leather overlaid The open space, and fixed the cubits in, Fitting the bridge to both, and stretched o'er all Symphonious chords of shecp-gut rhythmical.”-H. N. COLERIDGE. There! who shall wonder that immediately “ There went Up from beneath his hand a tunult swect Of mighty sounds, and from his 1-25'lie sent A straiu of unpremeditated wit, Joyous, and wild, and wanton such you may Hear among revellers on a holyduy"'-H. N. COLERIDGE. (We have omitted reverently all on, to old Archilochus, who must mention of David or Solomon, be mentioned again, for was he or of Scriptural songs,) on goes the not the man who delighted in strain through Hesiod the shep- iambics, and hanged hiniself with herd on the Heliconian hill a guitar string for love, (or made “ Whose breast with love of charming song the lady's father hang himself, was fired," which is the same thing,) all beand who, as Ovid tells us, danced cause of one of his own stinging and sang with Clio and her sisters ballads ? And Tyrtæus with his on the Ascrcan Green. He, Ovid, partial airs who first sang says regretfully- Grecian Grenadiers ;" and Ana- “Nec mihi sunt visæ Clio, Cliusque sorores, Servanti cudes vallibus Ascra tuis ;" on to the ringing roundelays of the " Who did in social kpot combine, Olympian games which Scaliger The muge, good humour, lov) and wine," and Eusebius chronicle ;-ox, on, to the ancient (more ancient far and who spent his life in stouting than Macaulay's) lay of primal to his contemporaries to fill up Rome, and the bloody King, and bowls with rogy wine, and insistthe lying Priest, and the helpless ing upon having wreaths of roses twins floating down the se gacious twined rouyd his temples. Again, Tiber. the strains which still live of old “The troubled river knew them, Simonidos, 4 the wise and divine, And smoothed his yellow foam, as Biato styled him, who wrote a And gently rocked the cradle, That bore the fate of Rome ;' great poem in two lines- Ωξειν αγγελειν τοις Λακεδαιμονίοις οτι τηδε Κειμεθα, τοις κείνων ρημασι πειθομεναι. o the creony 19 . > * Perhaps the critics would prefer to call it Idumman, ·346 A chat about the Women of Chaucer. die : says" upon the brave who fell at Ther of a volume of Salmatius & Notæ mopylæ, of which poem there are Hist. Aug. Script."-by way of twenty-six translations in one playing at hide-and-seek with the number of Blackwood, but done of critics, who peradventure have not them better either for sober seri got a copy of the work! Salmaousness or playful sumour, than tius fixes the derivation of the these now offeredword "ballad' from the word in Report to Sparta thou who passest hy. common se towards the decline of How in their country's cause the brave can the Roman Empere, and says, "Balor irreverentlylistium igitur est quod vulgo vo- Stranger inform our countrymen in Sparta, camus Ballet ; 'nam inde deducta We did our duty, and we got no quarter. vox nostra," and that in ancient But the subject is too noble to times they were vocal accompanibe treated lightly. As Christo ments to dancing, as an Italian pher North " It is the oldest “ Ballata"..was a “Canzone che and best inscription in the whole si canta Ballando," and he in- Greek anthology ; do you rememstances from the liſe of the Ember it ? Here it is start not! peror Aurelian by Fl. Vopiscus, it is but two lines! and all Grecce two of these “ Ballistea" as sung for centuries had them by heart by bòys, skipping and dancing, She forgot them, and Greece on account of the great slaughter was living Greece no more !'” made by the Emperor with his But I must pass rapidly over own hand in the Sarmatic war. all the succeeding old authors who " Mille, Mille, Mille decollavimus, wrote or helped on the cause of Unus Homo Mille decollavimus, ballad history, and can hardly Mille vivat qui Mille occidit, afford to mention even those mų. Quantum Fudit Sanguinis." sical ladies, the Sybyls, who com Never was there so blood-thirsposed all manner of quaint me ty a fellow since the days of Jack lancholy old ditties, and sang them the Giant-killer, and the Poles to Æolian harps, of which they would stem to have been very were the first contrivens. Not a handsomely partitioned many hunword about Æschylus, or Pindar, dreds of years before a Congress (not Peter,) or Sophocles, or Eu. at Vienna repeated the operation ripides, qr Plato, the philosopher, in 1815, wherf their wine of life" who was always fond of a good was again drawn, and the mere song nevertheless; or Aristophanes lees was left their vault to brag on. who chaunted so famously about Dropping Salmatius quietly, and sausages and birds, and fogs and his account &f the metre of Trofrogs, and things of that kind ; or chaic Tetrametre Catalectics divid- Theocritus, with his pastoral ten ed into distichs, which he would . derness and delicious Doric dialect; fain persuade us was the metre of or Catullus, or Horace or Ovid. the hymns in the Church service, On werush, and after this musical to which the monks superadded scamper, or rather Chromatic can rhyming terminations, recollecting ter from the marginal meadows of probably what Demosthenes said, the Euphrates to the banks of the quoting I believe Aristotle that Tiberxwe pull up short, in the “ versification is to poetry what middle of the third century, and bloom is to the human counteplungt headlong into the middle nance," and also being mindful Tantum vini Habet Nemo ·A Chat about the Women of Chapcer. 347 maxim that to osteer verse properly, you their tendency to embalm historimust have rhymecal facts, but for the pleasant poetic “For rhymes the rudders are of verses, tint which they give to the annals By which, liko ships, they steer their of old times ; and the chivalrous courses. HUDIBRAS. devotion they display towards Le Moreover, that as Shakespeare beau sexe. Macaulay says, that yakes our Harry of Mortmouth o ballad poetry is a species of say—" a rhyme is but aballad," composition which scarcely ever and the monks of old being right fails to spring up and flourish in jolly fellows were fond of ballads; every society at a certain point in besides too rememberiny Horace's the progress towards refinement," and that it is agreeable to general “ Non satis est pulchra csse poeniata, experience, that " at a subse- Dulcia gunto; quent stage it should be undervai. e. fine flowery words won't do, lued and neglected.” How many they must ring musically--for thousands of working men are poetry must be music, and music there at this time in the very heart to be felt, must strike a chord in of Englanu, who know not how to the human heart, so that there put pen to paper, or eye to book, shall always be harmony, that is to -who never heard of Chevy gay, a duet in unison between Chase" or“ Allen-adale," but who the performer and the hearer !. have in their memories songs which This would naturallyºlçad mes to have come down from their grandtreat of all manner of chansons, sires, and which are their most as Chaucer says in the “ Legende valued chronicles ! Why at this of goode Wonien" day the peasarft cutting wood in Many an hymne for youre holy daies, the forestaof Hainault, (if there is That bigliten balades, roundels, virelaies," one left,) would tell you that all of lays, virelays, balades, demithe information he possesses rechants, chants royal, pastourelles, garding John, Duke of Marlpondeaux or roundelle barga borough, is derived from that derettes, or bergarettes, from which lightful old ballad Malbrook, and the natural and casy transition you yould hardly persuade him would be to the singers, as John that the English hero was not of Salisbury in his book “De pugis killed as “dead as a herring" at curialium," Lib 1, cap 8, desig the battle of Malplaquet, as renates them, "mimi, salii, vel sali counted in the ballad. By the ares, balattones, cemiliani, gladia- bye, do you know bye, do you know anything about tores, palæstritæ, gignadii, præsti that said old ballad, except the giatores, malefici et tota jocula. air which is of vast antiquity, and torum scæna"- for the old fellow which is even now in use in Gerhad no love for minstrets-and many, Abyssinia and Hindostan, abominated bards and scalds of all as a popular melody ? Every body sorts—but I will spare you, for at has heard of “Malbrouk sèn vathis rate we should never get to t-en guerre," but do they do know Macaulay's ballad, much less to what happened to bim there? Chaucer's. You can, however, . There is a short account of this after all this rigmarole, readily ac song in the “Chants et chansons count for the value set by all wise Populaires de la France," "premen upon ballads, not only for miere serie," published in Paris ·348 A ſhat about the Women of Chaucer. some years ago, which that says dom to the other.' A peacant wothe Bibliophile Jacob says "sme man, who was a nurse to the Daumerry ballad singer pronounced it phin, son of Marie Antoinette, as a funeral oration at the bivouac used to sing this song in the nurof Le Quesnoy the night after sery, and the royal infant openthe battle of Malpiaquet) to cop- ed his eyes at the great naine of sole himself for having no shirt Marlborough !"" The name, the to his back, and for having had naïve words of the song, the odnothing to eat for three days ;” dity of the burden, and the touchand that, it was preserved by ing simplicity of the air, struck the tradition in some of the provinces, Queen. Every body repeated where it had been carried by the them after her; and the King dimsoldiers of Villars and Boufflers. self did not disdain to hum in In 1781, however, it suddenly re unison," says Longfellow : I can bounded from onc end of the king- only give you a few of the verses. 6 “ Malbrook the prince of Commanders, Is goffe to the war in Flanders : His fame is like Alexander's; But when will he come home ? e « Perhaps at Trinity fenst, or l'erhaps he may come at Easter, Egad! he had better nfake haste, or We fear he may never come.' C The song goes on 'to describe his disconsolate Duchess sitting a top of a high tower watching for his return; at last, in the distance she espies a little page in deep mourning approaching, with his looks full of woe, and being questioned, “ The newe I bring fair Midye, . With sorrowful accent, said he, Is gne you are not ready So soon, alas! to hear. “ Rut since to speak I'm hurried, Added this page, quite flurried, Malbrouk is dead and buried ! And, here he shed a tear. "He's dead! he's dead as a 'herring! For I beheld his berring, And four Officers transferring His corpse away from the field. c"One Officer carried his sabre, And he carried it not without labour, Much envying his next ncighbour, Who only bbre a shield. “The third was helmet bearer, That helmet which, on its wearer, Filled all who saw with terror, And covered a hero's brains.

·349 A Chat about the Women of Chauger. « Now having got so far, I Find that, by the Lord Harry, The fourth is left nothing to carry, So there the thing remains." Now, it is remarkable that believed the air to be as old as though this is "Ballad History, Allmann the Emperor of Germaye. it is in the main truthful, and ny-called their Hercules--who quite as much so probably as those was a contemporary of Moses and songs which Tacitus and Macaulay Aaron, and Cecrops, and that it tell us, were the only memorials of was a chorus of the very old althe past, which the ancient Ger- lomanni, who were in those ages mans possessed. The ballad-mon- worshippers of the sun. Apropos ger does full justice to Marlbo of the Sun, there is an old ayalırough's inilitary abilities. He nursery Ilindostance air, which likens hiin to Alexander. He says is precisely identical, and the sehe filled the minds of his enemics cond part of " Tazeh-ba-T'acch" with terror, and that he.was in pos is a repetitici of the same notes session of “ brains" not always to which the IIainaulters chaunted the case with military heroes; and the carrying off the sabre and finally, in point of actual fact, his helmet of the Duke of Marlbo- Body never was carried off the rough, to an accompaniment profield of Malplaquet at all, if the bably of kettle drums, which page's account, as is highly pro- would make the derivation perbable, be correct! fect, for it is recorded that in the Having made this sensible obyear of the world 2470, the Gerservation, will you oblige me by mans "inventrices sunt bipennii running over the second part of et tympanorum," that is, inventhe air, on the treble notes of your tors . of battle axes and kettle Broadwood. You will find that, drums! But you will begin to besides being sung over the camp think with some reason that, like fire at the bivouac of Le Quesnoy, Afumazar, you have heard Herr Staudigl at “I wander twixt the poles the head of a party of Ritlemen And heavcnly hinges, 'inongst excentri. cals, in green tunics, broad drab bea- Centers, concentricks, circles, and epicy. vers with black plumes, and buff- To hunt out an aspect fit for leather boots, lead off a chorus to precisely, the same notes over So to pass over all I had intendthe apocryphal camp kettles on ed to say, about other eminent the stage of Covent Garden “Metre Ballad-mongers,"Ritson, Theatre during the performance Percy, Scott, Lewis, Southey, 'of Weber's opera of " Der Frey- Motherwell, Lockhart, &c., one chutz," and Carl Maria Von We word about Macaulay's Beautiful ber once assured me, upon his Lay,--wliere is there a sweeter honor as a gentleman, that he picture than this? your business.” “ Just then, as through one cloudless chink in a black stormy sky, Shines out the dewy morning star, a fair young girl came by, With her small tablets in het hand, and her satchel on her arm, Home she went bounding from the school, nor dreamed of shame or harm ;

·11 our 350 A Çhat about the Women of Chaucer. And past those dreaded axes she innocently ran, With bright, frank brow, that had not learned, to blush at gaze of man ; And Appius heard her swłct young voice, and saw her sweet young face, And loved her with the accursed love offiis accursed race, And all along thc Forum, and up the sacred street, His vulture eye pursued the triprof those small glancing feet." There ! it was impossible to re about that date." The only known sist quoting them, and nothing copy being in tMe British Museum, that Chaucer wrote, or I can ren it was a work of great rarity, der from him, will convey any until re-printed about 25 years thing like so pretty a picture of ago. There is strong interrat'evihappy, innocent, artless, girlish dence that it was publicly reprelight-heartedness. Macaulay, in sented. Here is the title-"A the concluding sentences of his new Tragicall Comedie of Apius preface, says, “ It would have and Virginia, wherein is lively been obviously improper to expressed a rare example of the mimic the manner of any age or vertue of Chastitie, by Virginia's country. Something hộs been constancy, in wishing rather to be borrowed however from slain at her owne father's handes own old ballads, and more from than to be deflowred of the wickel Walter Scolt, the great restor Judge Apiur, by R. B. imprinted er of our ballad poetry; to the atı Londby William How, for Jliad still greater obligations are Richard Jhones, 1575, 4to B. L." due, and those obligations have I! is principally curious as holding been contracted with the less he a niiddle station between the old sitation, because there is reason moralities and historical plays. It to believe that some of the old contains nothing which it were Latin minstrels really had re worth Macaulay's while to borrow, course to that inexhaustible store but it is a strange coincidence that of poetical images." much of it should be written in possible therefore, that Macaulay, the precise metre selected for the who has more important labours lay of Virginia, and here and there, on hand than the petty toil of in the expressions of endearhunting 'p old plays, may never ment used by the father, and the have met with the “Tragicall arguments by which he justifies to Comed'ic of Apius and Virginia." himself the act he is about to com- It is spoken of " as probably our mit, as " Mine own dear little earliest extant dramatic produc- girl, there s no way but this;" tion publicly represented, the plot there are certainly strong points of of which is derived from history." pesemblance ; so that this may It was first printed in 1575, and have can one of our own old acted most likely some ten years ballads," referred to-in the prebefore. The author is not cera face to the “ the Lays of Ancient tainly known, the initials only be Rome." Here are a few pasing given on the title page R. B., Sages. Virginius in the first place which the Editor says would is heard thanking the gods for apply to more than ona writer his domestic happiness. It is very ·A Chat about the Women of Charper. 351 “ Therefore I thank the gods above, that yeeld to mee such fate, To linke me with so just a spouse, and eke so loving mate; By her I have a Virgin pure, an ympe of heauvenly race, Both sobor, ineeke, and modest too, and Virtuous in lyke case ; To Temple will I wend therefore, to yeeld the gods their praise, For that they have thus luckely, anexed to my dpies.”—&c. &c. &c. Then follows a scene between the proves this much, that R. B., father, mother, and daughter, whoever he was, has stolen many expressive of their mutual con of his ideas from Chaucer. Aptentment,--and enter Judge Ap pius describes himself to be despius--whose soliloquy at least perately smitten with Virginia. “ The furrowed face of fortune's force my pinching paino doth move, I settled ruler of my realme, inforced am to love; Judge Appius I, the princelest judge, that raigncth under sonne, And have bene so esteemed long, but now my forco is done ; I rule no more, but ruled am ; I do not judge, but am judged, By beauty of Virginia, my wisdom all is trudgade, Oh! Peerelesse dame, oh passing peece, oh face of such a fature, That never crst with beauty, such matched was by nature ; Oh fond Apelles, prattling foole, why boastest thou so much, The famosto pecce thou madst in Greece, whose liniments were such, With raging fits theu fooletun mad, oh fond Pigmalion ! Yet sure if that thou aaw'st my deure, the like thou could'st make none." And such like fustian, used as Appius announces his villainous clothing for Chaucer's mental pro purposegeny. The story goes on, and “ Well now I range at large my will for to expresse; For looke how Tarquin Lucrese faire by force did once oppress, Even so will I Virginia use. Then the decision, . upon which Virginius breaks out- "O man, O mould, O mucke, O clay, O hell, O hellish hounde, O fause Judge Applus, wrablinge wretch, is thus thy reason fourde, Woe worth the man from whom you came, whereby ye first did spring, Woe worll: the wombe that beare the babe, could do this bluddy thing, Woe worth the paps that gave ye sucke, woe worth the foster's eke ; Woe worth all such an ever did thy health or likibg seeke, Oh! that these graved years of mine were covered in®the clay." daughter- Then hez resolves almost in Macaulay's wortis, to immolate his "Oh! daughter, oh deare, oh darling, oh daine, Dispatch me, I pray thee, regarde not my name, But yet as thou saiest, sith remedy none, But Lemmon thou must be if I were gone, And better it is to dye with good fame, Than longer to live to reape us but shanie, 3 VOL. 1.-NO. VI.

·352 A 'Chat about the Women of Chaucer. " Then tender arms complect the neck, do dry thy father's teares, You dimble hands for wo whereof iny loving heart.it weares, From giltless death my shame to ende and body deade to make No more delaies-Lo, kisse me first, then stretch your strongest arme, To rid my woe, increase my joy, to ridde my child from harine. Oh weary wittes of wo or wealth, oh feble aged man, How can thy arme give such a low? thy death I wish thee than! But sith that shame with sadless trompe will sound if ease thou joy, My meanes of false Jugu: Appius he, myself. Will thee destroy. Forgive me, wabe, li. bloudy deede, and meeķely take thy ende." If Macaulay ever saw this play, every reader will thank him heartily for the graceful use he has made of it, in such lines as these- * “ And then his eyes grew very dim, and his throat began to swell, And in a hoarse changed voice he spake, farewell, sweet child ! farewell. With all his wit he dittle deems that spurncd, betrayed, bereft, Thy father has in his despair one fearful refuge left ; He little deerns that in his hand I clutch what still can save Thy gentle youth froin taunts and blows, the portion of the slave; Yea, and from paneless evil, that passeth taunt and blow- Foul outrage which thou-know'st not, which thou shalt never know. Then clasp) me round the neck once mere, and give vc one more kiss; And now mine own dear little girl, there is no way but this. With that he lifted high the stecl, and sinote her in the side, And in her blood shc sank to earth, and with one sob she died." - 1 “ Well! but what, in the naine poem of the "Nibelungs" in Gerof goodness ! has all this got to man, contain many Saturnian verdo with Chaucer?''--you very na ses, but for an English Saturnian turally remark to which I re linc, Macaulay is obliged to reply why simply this, that being tire to the nursery, and cite as a puzzled how to dish up a readable most perfect specimenrechauffcé of Chaucer affer Titus « The Queen was in her parlour, eating Livy, and the old play, and Mabread and honey;" caulay's version, I have come to reflect that something new must written, it opined, by an aube devised, for a thrice-told tale thor who had never heard cither is proverbially wearisome. So as of Næviucor Archiloclius. Being Macaulay has a cong note upon however a metrc in much favour the subject of what he calls the among both Greeks and Romans, “Old National verse of Italy," and perhaps Fauns and llamathat Saturnian measure in which dryads also, how is it that so Nævius celebrated the first Punic little use has bech made of it in war, I find it in my mind to try my English ? "where has it fled to ?” hand at Saturnian metre ; for old as Cicero mournfully asks though it were in the days of Næ- 61 where are those old verses vius, it will be quite a novelty now. The note says, that the poera " Quid > Nostri veteres versus ubi sunt, of the “Cid" in Spanish, and the .... quus olim Fauni vates que canebant." now?"

·A Chat about the Women of Chaucer. 353 chaunted are Anglice. teration, which at all resemble Where have those fine old ballad staves le Saturnian linesvanted, Which Fauns of old, and Bards prophetic Aull hilthe on brass and timber,---craftsinan's stroke is ringing, And blithely p'er their panniers-market I have not leisure to make girls are singing." any very extensive search, but In the lay of " Horatius," I strongly believe that, in the there is the perfect first half of whole range of English poetry, it the line-the “ Catalectic dimewould be impossible to discover tre iambic," but the three trotwo dozen pure Saturnian lines, chees” which should follow, and yet the old nursery rhyme wanting, i.e. the nunber of feet or rings on the car like an accustom syllables (thirteen) are there, but ed tune. It seems almost strange they will not scan with those of that Macaulay should not have Nævius or Archilochus, and the selected this as a fitting metre same may be said of the lays of for at least one of his lays of old the “ Battle of Lake Regillus" Rome. What more suitable or and “The Prophecy of Capys.” appropriate than the “ Old Na The most perfect Saturnian line tional verse of Italy ?" Never which has come down to us is theless, there are but two lines in pronounced to be “ not the work the whole layo of Virginia, and of a professional artist, but of an even they require soneo slight al amateur." Ilere it is :- Dăbūnt Målüm Mětēlli Nævio Põētæ," the final dipthong reading short, Moth. (says) __“The world was though perhaps in strictness of very guilty of such a ballad prosody scanning long. However some three ages since ; but I there has occurred to my mind think now 'tis not to be found ; no sufficiently convincing argu or if it were, it would neither Inent which should operate to serve for the writing, nor the deter another" amateur" from tune. spreading, bencath your feet a few Saturnian couplets, request Armado (replies)—"I will have ing you to tread the measure with the subject newly writ g'er, that him-being of opinion with the I may example my digression by fantastical Spaniard Don Adriano some mighty precedent!'" De Armado, in " Love's Labour Lost," that we must not lose In which view of the subject, sight of these matters. here goes :- THE WOMEN OF CHAUCER. No. VI.--VIRGINIA. Op Rome's Decemvir vices, rousing hate and slaughter : Virginius the tribune, and his lovely daughter, How like a beaming starlight, in his home she dwelleth; We all have heard the story, Titus Livy telleth.

·354 A Ehat about the Women of Chaucer. An only, only daughter, excellent in beauty, As perfect in each feature, as in filial duty. It seemeth to beholders, as if genial nature, Had framed as a niocel, this so peerlças creature. To prove her wondrous powers, huiyan skill exposing, Pygmalions impostures, Zcuxis' feeble gloping; A pelles' faint endeavours, gainly counterfeiting, The skin beneath whose surface, pulses rich are beating. All the pow'r of painting, futile and unexen, To match this fair creation, flush'd with light from Heaven. Some dozen springs and summers, not a sign of winter Had hover'd o'er he maiden, every hue and tiņt her Enraptured spirit smiling, modestly discloses,- Was lit with light of lily, blushed with bloom of roses. The day God dipt her tresses, in his beams of brightness, His rays of splendour blending, blackness into whiteness ; So radiant in beauty, soul the temple warming, As angels' holy nature, her's was pure and charming ; As chegte in every feeling, spotless as her vesture, Humility and kindncss, speaking in cach gesturc. Tho' wise she was as Pallas, gifted as the Muses, No lofty, sounding phrases, for her speech she chooses. But converse swect and simple, wit and inusic blending, Unstudied, unaffected, modcst, unpretending. The busiest of housewives, she of maicks the mgekest, Was strong in resolution, seeming still the weakest, No relish for the revels, idle folly loveth, Her merry voice rings blithely, wheresoe'er she moyeth. Inane and empty feastings, chime not with her pleasure, Where Bacchus rules triumpliant, while in Manad measure With loud and boist'rous laughter, maids with locks unbraided, Abandon girlhood's graces, sink in joys degraded. Innately pure and happy, she on self relying, Delighted in all goodness, sinful thoughts defying. Presenting such a picturc, free from this world's leaven, Example meet it seem'd, to point the path to Heaven ! C * Alas! the woful story wo! for such a being ! So innocent, unsullied, tyrant fury flecing, A father's fond embraces, impotent tņ save her From foul and fiendish clutches, of a vile enslaver ; A father's arm in mercy, strength from love shall borrow, To speed his child to Heaven, shield from endless sorrow. No way, no help, no succour, save this bitter parting, The firmness of a Roman, checks the tear-drop's starting A thousand cherish'd mem'ries, o'er his mind there hover, Some hurried brief caresses, listek !- all is over! A hum of huinancroicts, surging into madness! A wail of women's wesping, soughing into sadness ! The architrave of Heaven, with the tumult ringing, A dreadful diapason, tyrant dowe fall singing. Decemvirs, ye are fallen, despite guards and lictors, The brave high-hearted Roman people are your victors, Varighteous in your judgments, life and pow'r they sever, Virginia's sad, story, doqms you, aye and ever, ·A Chat about the Women of Chauter. 355 on ter Thera! Madamigella! I have in Saturnian metre? And does kept as near to old Geoffry Chau not the same custom prevail in cer as possible. I have avoided these our days, and have we not Macaulay and Titus Livius, and Saturnalia? Of course, we have, the old play, as far as it was prac. they have never been discontinued ticable, and I now desire to record since the days when Saturn gave a most stupendous voil, to regis lectures Improvements in a most cnormous oath before Agriculture" to the Latins in the high but no, it ever you catch time of King Janun “the doubleme dealing with Saturnian lincs faced,” in the year of the world again, you may write and tell me 2020. Many a well disposed of it." and when I break that gentleman, who has been employoath, let me turn monster," as ing his evening in the investiga- Celia says in “As You Like It." ion of the causes which affect the The terror caused by, truculent prosperity of the British Drama, trochees and alarm occasioned by finds himself, a little beforc "the insolent iambics has fairly bewil chimes at midnight" are heard, dered my brains, and I have lost seated in a long room in the all regard for Saturn-though "'evanly." latitude of Covent "he and Venus be this year in Garden Market; after a while, conjunction," and for Saturnian through a mist and vapour somcmetre, and Saturnalia - Stay ! what fuliginous, and nicotian, that last word affords a due to the and an atmosphere highly impregwhole mystery. Lucan says dur. nated with farinacious, piperian, ing the whole week of the Saturna- meleagrisian, and other gases, lian revels in Roine, " there was (don't be alarmed, I refer to porter nothing but drinking and singing, and grilled turkeys merely), a &c." Of course there was; and chorus of dissipated voices comes what on earth should they sing wailthg down through the heavy more fitly than Saturnian songs, air in this wise Rì tõll dě Röll dě Röll, ofi Töārăl Jūrăl ido 1 The inestimable and infallible foot measure- Dābūnt Målum Mětelli Nævio Põētæ flashes on his brain in an instant. He feels that he is assisting in the celebration of Saturnalian revels, Again, the strain Ol pull ăwāy, o! pūll now, pūll ăwāy my hēartics, there cannot be a doubt of it. other reason, also ; for as the Sa.. Here is the very home and birth turnian chorus dies away, there place of modern Saturnians, and follows s-as related by Potter and here is the reason why delicate Lucan I believe, Lucan I belicve, - a hammering poets of modern times eschew and thumping of vessels formed them. I have no doubt that maof a factitious metal, consisting of ny eminent and sagacious Ar certain fixed proportions of tin chæologists have discovered an and lead, for "Saturn" being, as ·356 The Rosicrusians. you arc doubtless aware, the term What next, I wonder ? Is he in use among chemists for the mad? Why this--that I beg to designation of lead, it was remark with Condell in Marston's amongst the earliest archives of Induction to the play of the Malthe order rulcd that vessels con content."'. 1604. "Madam, this taining an admixture of that ms is neither satire nor moral, but tal should be used on such occa the nfere passage of a history; sions, instcad of glasses, which yet there are a sort of discontentpermitted less cmphatic plau cd creatures that bear a stingless dits. " The liquor fermented envy to great ones; and these from barley” is as old as Noah's will wrest the doings of any man ark--and ayes and ages ago, 400 to their base malicious appliment; years and more before the days but should their interpretation of Janus, as llerodotus in him come to the test, like your Marbook L'uterpe tells us, Osiris was moset, they presently turn their a Brewer; and Dion the Academi teeth to their tail and eat it." cian observes that the Egyptians But it is all one to me, as conforted themselves ivith a liquor Horuce saysmade from barley ; "filled with which, they were so delighted, Virtute me involve, probamquc Pauperiem sinc dote quæru.' that they sung, danced, and leaped about like those intoxicated Tluat is, I pull my virtuous with winc," which is very intellinight caſ, over my nose, and do gible. Well, I declare, not sleep one whit the less soundthis is the most extraordinary letly, because there happen to be a few honest darns in it-so ter I ever read : the man begins with Chaucer, and the River Kuphrates, and ends with Ierodotus, deviled turkeys and pewter pots ? P. O. N. JONES. « Med 6 Buona sera yrattanto umilmente le bacia lc mani. THE ROSICRUCIANS. Were they all false, those dreams of intercourse With spiritual creatures? Can it be That, as the world has grown in vulgar skill And the cold arts that minister to clay, It has lost that more spiritual gift That second vision, high and holy lore Born in Arabia, nursed in moody Spain, And made complete in mystic Germany ? Believe it not, let no man darė to think The buman Soul, a little lower than Angels, Should not have mastery, when purged and pure, Over the agencies of lesser spirits. H. G. K.

·[ 357 ] THE CANTERBURY COLONY-ITS SITE AND PROSPECTS. CANTERB ed on. WRITERS on pet colonies, like stanced to those I have enumerthe biographers of friends, give ated. To all of them this quesbiassed accounts. The fifst leap tion of emigration is ol'importance, over all obstacles of nature, and so great, that I am astonished it create a brillianto future for a has not been earlier seen and actcountry covered with trees, and The position of an officer peopled with savages; the others retiring on a Major's pension, to sink all faults, and turn doubtful live with his family in England, is acts to shining virtues. I do not not so pleasant that hc can sneer claim an exemption from preju- at the idea of a colony. Ile ardice, on the contrary, b freely ad rives in the country he calls hoine, mit I am biassed in favor of this and finds it a strange land ; his colony. What I now lay before friends are dead, dit perscd, or rethe readers of Saunders', is my own ceive him coldly. Many changes unsupported opinion, unsupported have taken place, some have climbby statistics of any sort, and with cd up thc tree, others have tumbled put a book that bears on New Zea down. One of the first gives him land, to give a turn to the impres a cold dinner, and regrets his insions I have receivedfrom a slørt terest is not sufficient to procure residence in the county. I give an appointment for his son. One my reasons for my opinions, and of the others eats his beefsteak, and would have all who are interested asks for the loan of five pounds. in this subject, judge what they The feelings of all have been are worth. The class I consider changed by their different purmost interested in this colony I suits and luck in life. He wonders divide into three sections. The how he could ever have been first includes all marric'l officers the friend of that crafty lawyer, will families, who have served in or that poor cranky devil Jones, India for a pension, and can now and mentally exclaims “ It would retire on an income of from two have been different with poor to three hundred pounds a year, Smith had he lived." Jle can at and have a capital of from one once sco that all his old friends to three thousand. The second have changed, but he forgats that consists of officers who find they a great deal of what he puts down cannot live in this county, and as change in them, is in reality have nothing to fall back on but change in himself. He knows he the £1,500, or two thousand left England a young boy, but he pounds they might get.on Tesign- does not constantly feel he has ing their conmissions. And, final- returnedian pld one. The con ly, sons of officers serving in India, sequence is, he finds the country whose fathers too often find that changed too. A man who lives long and meritorious service is ao in a fog appreciates a fine day, he guarantee for their children being who has lived long in fine weapermitted to follow in their foot ther does not appreciate the fine steps. There are many gentle day, but thinks the fog a nuisance. men in India, similarly circum... He swallows a quantity, and feels ·358 The Canterbury Colonit at the bottom of his stomach : trograde from civilization and behe sits in a draught, and gets a cold come immoral; it detracts from in his head : he is caught in a the pleasure of existence and adds shower, and gets rheumatism in to its vices ; it retards the suchis shoulder: and he concludes the cess of a colony, insures the ruin climate of England has changed. of hundreds in its vacant space, The rivers are not so broad ; the crcates low debauchery-the somountains are not so high, and he ciety of a grog shop must conwould, if he could, persuade him pensate for that of a wife, It is self the land also has changed deplorable that such should be His social position is no better. the case in the colonies, whilst What stake has he in the land ? thousands of marriageablc girls What influence on thc affairs of at home arc passing into old even a village? In England he maids. Should the husband sce is a mere nobody. If he is lucky all this in the same light that I he invests his money, and gets 5 do, and touch on the subject of per cent., ana this interest enables emigration, the chances are, he his wife, with strict economy, to finds an opponent in his wife. make the two ends meet. but his If he persuades her of the benegirl is growing up to womanhood; fits arising from such an act, she his boy must start in some profes- submits ; but it is the submission sion. It is this that gives hin anx of a woman who sacrifices herself iety; he can do nothing to secure for the good of her husband, and their position in society, no talent the prospects of her children. can help him ; all he can do is to Iustead of emigraiing, gentleinen deny himselfan extra glass of wine, situated as I have described, take and save a miserable penny. Will up thcir residence on the contihis services entitle him to a com nent, and persuade themselves mission in the Indian army for his they are enjoying a continental son ? Will the Company listen tour, that they are teaching their to such a claim ? This becomes children foreign languages; but his first object, and he strives this is wretched equivocation, hard to place his son in thu samo a miserable attempt to economize, position he occupies himself. The and what is worse, it is selfish. prospects for his daughters are In what degrue are the children still worse. The whole land is full benefited by such an act ? Is it of pretty and amiable girls unmar by the saving of fifty pounds per ried. I can't afford to marry, annum ? I would ask, are people is the eternal exclamatin of men not emigrants who reside in Bruswho can afford to live in town and sels, Florence, or any other condissipate at the clubs. This posi tincntal towns? tion is in a great measure the fault Oh, but the climate is so deof the sex. Women are the stea lightful, and England did not agree dy enemies of 'emigration they with my poor husband." have retarded the growth of these “ There is no climate in Eucolonies*; they have prevented far rupe, or I believe in the world, more emigration than has taken equal to that of New Zealand or place; and yet the want of their 80 Tascania." ciety in the curse of the colonies ; “ But then we are so near Engthe people who feel this want re land." ; i ·Its Site and Prospects. 359 1 Oh! ed as ) " What's the use of being near astonishment at my going to England, if you cannot go there ?" New Zealand, which he describbut the society is, so d country where hungry much better." savages generally baked Euro “That society is composed of pean visitors ; and he thanked people situated as you are, with a Gud, as he had just retired, that for tourists ; if you emigrated, his own work was over, and that that society woull be in the colo he might now enjoy himself. I ny you emigrate to.' thought, as Mr. Saddletrce said, It is the truth of this latter re that he was thankful for small mark I would wish to impress on mercies. I would bet that he all so situated. With what object is now vegetating on the condo people pass their time in these tinent, and beginning to fret continental towns ? To wonder about the prospects of his who is Mrs. So and So'; to pick boys and girls. When peoples' a hole in Mr. That's coat ; and to means do not allow them to live find out whether the Grand Duke at home, t! ey should consider will personally review the troops. whether their means will ever be Now I call that vegetating. Every such that they can, with any comonc vegetates, who has no object fort, reside in England. If not, iff life; he mo$t of all who most they should boldly take the bull by dissipates, and the conscqucnce is, the horns, and instead of wasting he is inust seedy. I mean no pun; their existence on the continent, I consider the sybject too serious, sail at once for one of the colonies, so serious, that I am astonished where their object will be to take at my own presumption in at- .a high place in society, and cretempting to write on it: nor would ate a property which they can I do so, were I not persuaded handedown to succeeding generathat it inight do good, and that I tions. When a man works for possess the two requisites--some such an object, he works with knowledge of those for whom I pleasurf, and chcerfully cndures write, and some knowledge of the any hardships, since he sees his country of which I write. Not long own work favourably progressing. ago in London, I met a Major of Man has an innate pleasure in the Madras Army - I called on creating, which is more osservable him just before leaving the coun in the colonies than elsewhere. I try for New Zealand. He lived in have even seen one or two, who a little house in the suburbs, for think the pleasure of a colony gone, which he paid a rental of £200 a when its first great difficulties are year. lle was, muffled ир overcome. It is seen in England, room, where a large fire consumed where men ruin themselves by all the air that found its way building. In India, men make in, in spite of every precaution. gardens of their compounds, which In this impure atmosphere, 80 re just growing into beauty, different from what men in this when they are taken possession of country are accustomed to, the by people unknown to the creator. Major attempted to welcome me; With 'what pleasure such men but he had so bad a cold, that would form in a beautiful country, I found it difficult to understand a permanent estate, and in a cli. what he said. He expressed He expressed mate that excites to action!. If in ► in a ·360 The Canterbury Colonyand an ; this work there are disagreeables grace the human form. By far to be endured, and hardships to be the greater number of emigrants is encountered, there are pleasures absorbed by the United States of too that more than repay, Ar.erica, but the men who go object where sucress is a great there, ale men hastening to the reward. The disagreeables tre first land that offers them bread; all met on starting, and soon over men who fly a country in which come; the reward is permanent, they starve, and whose laws proand even more than that, for it is vide for "them a work-house or a increasing. It is better that men prison. The land of the far west should be engaged in founding a is cheap, but heavily timbered, nation, than in idling amongst the society lawless. The squatter foreigners; it is better for wo armed with riffe and bowie knife, men to become the mothers of a is a neighbour little less to be people that will rule the southern feared than the Indian savage, scas, than Pirting with beggarly who occasionally makes inroads, Counts. And I maintain that it for scalps. It is a question now is more pleasant to live in a land engaging the attention of Stateslike New Zealand, in suth society men in England, why, almost the as they themselves would make, entire pauper emigration flows to than in any German town. Grant- America. It is wonderful how ing what I say to be truc, and well the Timines accounts for this. that it is better for many officers The Thunderer can write plausireturning from India, to proceed ble nonsense as well as its neighto the colonies instead of return bours, and much better than most ing homc, or living on the con-e journals, cover a bad foundation tinent, the question is, to which r'ith a pretty structure. of the colonies they should go counts for the unwillingness of the Every one will at once sce it is of peasantry to emigrate to the Ausimportance that this entire emigra- tralian gold mines, by the fact that tion should be directed to one land in that colony cannot be sold at spot; all my remarks have but less than £1 per acre, whereas in one object, and that is, to point America the states dispase of it at out this spot. It inay be as well to four shillings& Do men cmigrate state the conclusions I have arrived to California to purchasc land ? at regarding the colonies of Great Do one-tenth of the quarter of a Britain, from the study of books, million of human beings that yearand from questioning old colonists. ly leave the shores of Britain, go The two great portions of the with an idea of buying land ? If world, to which emigration is di so, it is clear they go to the backrected from the British Isles, are woods, for there only is the land' the northern states of America and chcap; ýet, strange to say, we find Canada; Australia, including Van by far the greater number in the Dicman's Land, and New Zcalane.. sea-port towns. Let the Times Recent events prociaim the Cape inquire whether it is high wages of Good Hope as not worth con 8r cheap land that induces pauper sidering No man in his senses cmigration. The fact is, that would place his property and life 10 great amount of labour was reat the mercy of the most cruel quired in the Australian colgnies and treacherous savages that dis before the discovery of the gold It ac- ?

·Its Site and Prospects. 361 mines. An account of the wages as rich as any in New Zealand, and in Australia and the 'wages in the situated near the principal townt. States would at once prove why Thus in this instance the two eleemigration was directed to the wat ments of value were overthrown ter country in preference. There by the want of a third. The land is another reason. No English tjie Canterbury association offer for or Irish peasant likes the idea of sale is all ready for the plough. Let going to the land where all the the Times prove that land to be as thieves and cut-throats are sent dear at three pounds an acrc, and as a punishment. Once the chan timbered and in the backwoods nel is worn for the stream, it is 110 of America chcap at four shillings; easy thing to turn it another way, and nothing more can be said on and so it flows on, and so it will, that point; but till this is settled, till a sudden impulse takes the it may as well be asserted that nation, and that mania will cover people are mad who give such the seas with ships to Australia. sums for land in England when There is another question that they can gerit so much cheaper in may as well be touched on here. America, I can see nothing in The Times has condemned the the States to induce a gentleman Canterbury colony on the same to transfer bis allegiance from ground—its high-priced land. his Queen and country. To Ca- This question they treat in a very nada a better class of emigration off-hand manner; they deal with is directed. There one will meet the broad fact that land in Can men of loyal principles, and with terbury is three pounds an acre, good English society. The land and land in the backwoods of tuo costs little, but like that in the America four shillings. Who will States, it is heavily timbumad. The give threc pounds an acre for land coundry also labours under the diswhen they can get the same article advantage of being frozen up for for four shillings? Who will give seven months of the year. fifty pounds for a Cashmere shawl Such a climate is too severe for when they can get one from men who have rerved long in Paisley for five ? What consti this country ; the work is hard, tutes the value of land ? Po and the interest returned for money sition first, fertility next ;' but The Canadians consider there is another consideration to the advantages of their country be taken into account in valuing to be their proximity to a civiwaste land. I mean its facilities for lized nation, the easy distance cultivation. In the valley of the from Europe by stcam, and the Hutt near Wellington, they cleared fact of the colony-having so far some of the land at an expence progressed ; but I cannot see the of £10 per acre;,this certainly was advantage of being divided from in a measure owing to inexpe- the States by river, unless they rience, but put the proper price would wish to be represented by down at a third of that sum. a star on the spangled banner,-- that land, when cleared, worth a question on which they will what it cost in clearing? If it be not be much consulted when their only worth that sum, it follows time cones. I hold it to be a disthat the land in a state of nature is advantage to have an encroachworth nothing. Yet that soil is ing power like the States on their small. 19 ·362 The Canterbury Colonyfrontier. As to the advantage of Australia. Gentlemen's seats costeam, it is not confined to America. ver the land; which, though far There is no colony that will benefit inferior to what one sees in Engmore than New Zealand by this land in laboured-beauty, possess invention. There is something advantages of climate and natural in the fact that the colony Itas scenery which England cannot so far progressed, but it does not boast. Certainly of the colonies much affect the new colonist, who of these seas, the most highly culhas still to retire to the woods. tirated i Tasmania, the finest The further the colony progresses, city is Sydney, but the origin of the further back the new-comer their greatness is their greatest is thrown, or he sacrifices the ad- misfortune. This convict labour, vantages of first colonization. which made a city of Sydney, and There are many elements of dis a garden of Van Dicman's Land, cord in Canada, which will yet made also a pandemonium of be the source of war and misery ; both. Convict labour in creating nor are the resources of the coun wealth appeared a boon. The systry such as to give much prostem was much the same as slave pect of future success. The other labour, only the colonists got their great field for emigration is Aus slaves for nothing. The Governtralia. I think a better class pro- ment being obliged to keep uy ceed there than to Canada or the an establishinent to overawe these States. This is owing to the greater convicts, and protect the coloopening for capital. Sheep farming nists, expended money, to preis a most profitable investment and sent the colony with free labour. has made fortunes for hundreds. Such a system was most beneficial Australi“, with its widc grassy in its immediate effect, and most plains, absorbed considerable ca disastrous in its final effect. Many, pital, but required little labor. when their probationary punislı- Amcrica contains vast capital, and ment was over, took their place in absorbs any amount of labor: this the colony as free men. Others accounts, as I before obseryed, for obtained pardons, and some escapthe pauper emigration being di- ed into the bush, banded together, rected to America, the capitalist and committed robbery and murto Austtalia. The discovery of dcr.. The towns grew in size and the rich gold diggings will com grew in vice. Capital encreased, pletely alter the aspect of affairs the colonies became well able to in Australia, and tend to make a import free labour, but when they condensed population of what tried, they found all the advanwere a scattered pastoral people. tages of the colonies swamped, in There are three successful settle the fact that the peasant who* ments, those of Sydney, Port Phi- emigrated' would become the aslip, and Adelaide. These towns sociate of thieves. Nor was this are growing into beautiful cities all;" in the ferment of the leaven, the rural land around is highly some came to the top: the Sydney cultivated, the districts beyond beyond convict, now a free man, worth his covered with flocks and herds. thousands of pounds, could well Tasmania is a beautiful island, afford to sneer at honesty, and with siminate equal to that of New point to himself and many others Zealand It is the granary of as instances of the delusion of the ·Its Site and Prospects. 363 So saying, that it is the best policy. thing is, summed up in that one Some of them took a lead in the word. The quickness of its rise commerce of the land ; their motto in a mesure is owing to fortuiwas, make money, honestly it'p s tous circumstances. When the sible, but still make money. This district was dir:covered, famished was pretty generally acted ,on in shkep were dying by thousands Sydney, and led to the saying that on the Sydncy "runs". This fine the town was composed of two grassy land bordered on the overclasses, those who had been trans stockcd district of Sydney-the ported and those who should have boiling-clown" system was then been. Thieves and cut-throats unknown--the soil overstocked, might build the finest palaces in Port Philip undiscovered. This the world, but would such a pa gave rise to the crisis that nearly lacc be a paradise, if inhabited ruined Australia. The rush of the by the men who built it? No, squatters with their famished flocks though the best rooms were uc to the new land may be easily imacupied by the artists under whose gined, the runs were taken up and direction it rose. Such I hold to be stocked, an export at once created, the position of Sydney and Van and Meltuurne rose. It is strange Dieman's land. The district of that so fino a country should Hort Philip is the garden of Aus remain so long unknown. It tralia. At this moment I believe it bordered on th, lands of Sydney, to be the finest colony England and vessels passing through Bass possesses. I do not mean in its na Straits coasted along its shore on tural advantages taken alone. In their way to Port Jackson. this respect I think Canterbury far grcat is the value attached to land, surpasses it, though I might final that in purelasing the lease of a well hundreds loudly to contradict such situated "run, more money is an opinion. That those advan paid than for the cattle and sheep tiges are great, is seen at once by it carries. All the rural land near its unparalleled rise ; fifteen years the town is purchased. It reago that land was unknown; now quires considerable capital to the district is overflowing with make a good start in Port Philip. flocks and herds; two cities are In such a colony capital tells. rising on its vast and land-locked Men can safely receive three times harbour ; for miles and miles the interest for money they can around these towns the land is get in England. For all that are highly cultivated, and both the inclined to work, there are ways and towns and cultivation are rapid means open, and more especially ly increasing. Its gold mines now that the gold mania is raging. are probably the richest in the To such a country, the emigration world, but to that as yet it owes of the half-castes of India should nothing, for these results were be directed. The climate would suit gained before the gold was disco them, and there is work for thouvered. It is free from the curse sands; but good as the country may of the convict system, taintec. be for my own brethren, I repeat alone by its neighbourhood to in the words of Pickwick's fat-boy, the tainted districts. Port Phili “I knows a betterer.” is a striking example of what To the west of Port Philip lies the grass can do for a country. Every town and district of Adelaide. In ·364 The Canterbury Colonynatural advantage itis far surpassed before the western gales near by the former. The site of the to the longitude of Leuwin, town is bad, the water far away, and still with a fair wind, (which and consequently scarce, the har se 'ms to divide at the Capc, bour not to be conpared to Port and blow down the coasts, as Philip or Port Jackson, nor are its most assuredly the tide runs,) grazing capabilities in any way to make straight for her port. Thus be compared to those of its sister for all commerco' to Asia, Africa colony. Whilst Port Philip was and Eurupe, Swan River is well rapidly rising, Adelaide was sink situated. Captain Sterling, of the ing into insignificance. It was Royal Navy, being detained on saved by the discovery of the the coast, surveyed the country copper mines of Burra Burra. about Swan River. With a sailor's This fortunato discovery over eye he saw its commercial advanthrew all appearance of decay. tages. He was deceived in the Its rise became as rapid as people grassy appearance of the land ; had foretold its fall,,, and it now but this is not surprising when it stands one of the niost successful is remembered that Australian colonics of Australia. squatters have often been so de- Faraway to the west and near the ceived. Many have taken up new Leuwin* lies a harbour called King runs which they whought would George's Sound, and at its head a last for ever, and found that bevillage called Albany, an insignifi- fore the ýcar was out, the grass cant place, and neverlikely to rise to was gone. Never did a colony greater importance. The harbour start with fairer hopes than that is valuable only for ships distressed . of Swan River. The country in the, constant gales that blory appeared singularly well adaptoff the Cape ; there is nothing in cd for a colony. The plan was the land that can ever raise their considered perfect, yet both were village to importance. Round bad. raptain Sterling was dethe Cape, but not far north, is ei ceived in the appearance of the tuated the settlement of Swan soil. It was not adapted for River. Its position for commerce the growth of wool to.any great is better than that of any other extent, nor of any other. comcolony in Australia. Within the modsty. The place in itself influence of the South-East trades, contained an element of failure. it never feels the gales that a The Government granted to inhundred miles further South blow dividuals large tracts of land, with such violence from the West. which they chose in blocks When the monsoon blows up around the town, thus throwing the Bay of Bengal, a ship from back the mass of settlers to a dis- Swan River would reach Calcutta tance that gave no hope of proin three weeks ; keeping in the fitably raising produce and carrytrades, she would run nearly to ing it to market. Under this systhe Cape of Good Hope with a tem the settlement sank, and was strong wind on her quarter. Iteard of no more for years, save From the Cape she would go to give point to that termed the . * South Western Cape of Australia-refer to Map.

·Its Site and Prospects. 365 6 « Wakefield theory." It is again the rich mines of Sydney and raising its head, and the last thing Port Philip will re-act, all New we hear of it is, a petition pray Zealand giving an impetus to the ing for the importation of the cel cultivation of these islands, which victs, repudiated by the wiser and nothing else could have done. If better settlements. In one of our gold be not found in New Zea- West India colonies, the plant- land, which I fear may, but hope ers were much apoyed by a rat never will, be the case, Australia indigenous to the country, they de- will bear the many disadvantages termined to get rid of the rat, and of these miixes, whilst New Zealand with the wisdom that somctimes will reap nearly equal advantages. governs our councils, they hit up The society of Australia is tainton the following expedient; they ed by the imported vice from Eng. introduced the English rat. Let land. The Times says, that stathc Swan River colonists beware tistics prove nine-tenths of the they may find like the West India crimes to be committed by men, planters that they have introduced who are or have been convicts, and the very mischief into the land. he justly observes, it can readily Though Australia contains vast be believed that a great portion tracts of fertile land, as a whole of the other tenth is owing to it is not fertile The climate is the example and influence of tou dry, and water too scarcc; hot these men. Yet, in the face of winds sometimes blow, and the this, I heard a Sydney merchant curse of periodical famines hangs assert that convict labour, was over the soil. There are few better than free ļabour, inasmuch spots whcre the land is adapted as it was cheaper. Ilis argument for a dense population. The vas! was such as one might expect extent of grassy land cnables the from such premises. It was a country to support innumcrable vile slander on the human race. flocks and herds, yet no where in “All men are villains and thieves; Australia can it be cultivated to cor victs only convicted ones." "Tis carry these widely scattered ani such me that abuen the Cantermals condensed, because it cannot bury association, the plan, and the grow English grasses and the runs colony. These ideas, I am glad must have water. The discovery to say, aro not held by los class, of gold will direct to Australia a as the manly and energetic stand great emigration. When it is now made against the further im- • known for certain in England, portation of these outcasts, proves. and on the continent, that a The colony, planted in vice, will common labourer can make the grow in vice ; they, who believe pay of a Lieutenant-Coloral of that the immigration to the gold the English army, he will go to diggings will swamp this taint, that country, and in such num know little or human nature. bers, that a dense population will Were the men who emigrate be placed on a soil not capa-, to the diggings really good men, ble of supporting it. Tasmania! they could scarcely escape the can grow little more produce tendency to immorality of the purthan it does grow. Where then guit ; the easy possession of more can the supply be looked for money than they have been acbut from New Zealand ? Thus customed to; and worst of all, the ·366 The Canterbury Colony - example. But we all know this Who can imagine that England class to be generally composed of can sit on the pinnacle of the idle and worthless men, who have world for ever? The great desfailed in other employments, men tiny claimed for these islands, who are too vicious to work for and the results of eleven years' fair wages, or too lazy to work at colonization are strikingly in conall. Thus the broad road being trast, and have often been sneercarefully levelled, and the living ingly pointed tu. The best ancrowd hurrying on, the narrow swer to 'this is a sketch of the way is passed unheeded and un carcer of the settlements. heard the warning voice; few can Captain Cook was the first Engextricate themselves from the uni lish navigator who gave a detailed versal rush, and who can turn account of wliat he saw in New the stream ? Thus inoculated by Zealand. It was of an intervice, inundated by a large pauper est such as would now be eximmigration and working on a cited by a man returning from congenial soil, that “, a soil im a dive to the bottom of the Pacipregnated wiil gold, the cities, fic, and reciting his adventures towns, and villages of Australia with the Mermaids. The truth will grow as they have been plant of nothing he wrote could be ed, and produce most bitter fruit. questioned, but no one thought of A century will show the 'work of following him. The natives were vice and climate, and our descen known to be Cannibals, and they dants contrast the vigorous intel were represented to have trealect and manly flame of the New cherously murdered boats' crews Zealander, with the poorer speci-. and dined on them. That these mens ef Australian humanity, and etorics should have excited great wonder how men from the same horror in England is very natural, stock can so widely differ. The but there are two sides to a story, principle on which the New Zea and there is not one of these land settlements have been found massacres that the traditions or ed, the exquisite climate and the memory of the Maori don't place pursuit of agriculture, will produce in a very different light. That a strong, intellectual, and moral the New Zealanders should have race, while grand scenery will give bech Cannibals (for it is now grand ideas and a love of Fatheramong the have beens) is the most land. These islands have been natural thing. In fact they often called the Britain of the South, had a choice of that or starvation. and it has been predicted that they It should be remembered that with will rule that hemisphere. This the exccption of a few dogs or birds, has furnished a never-failing sub- these islands, to Cook, presented ject of sarcasm to the Austra the extråordinary appearance of a lians; but inen wlto look well into country better adapted than althe futurity written on the face of most any other to support ania country, will, see the truth of mal life, yet a lifeless wilderthe prediction. Who can deny Press. In recent article in a brilliant future to the states of Blackwood's Magazine, on the America ? Who can doubt the New Zealanders, it was agreed by quick rise in wealth, population one of the characters, and I perand beauty of the Australian town? fectly agree with him, that Canni- ·Its Site and Prospects. 367 away with, balism is a proof of the superiority not wholly influenced by the wish of the race. Custom reconciles us to propagate the gospel. Whatto all things; that which is hand ever may, have been their motives, ed down by our fathers requires one thing is certain ; as a body, nothing to reconcile it., It ap they were opposed to the colonipeared most natural to the Maori zation of these islands. Not only that he who was victor should did they oppose it, but they credine on his antagonist.'. When ated a dislike on the part of the that custom was done Maori to the settlers, whom they the pleasure and reward of the taught to look upon as devils. fight were gone. At any rate the The New Zealanders very natur- New Zealanders found this dinner ally asked, are all white men deagree with them. Yet they gave vils? Yes, all white men that it up at once, when they became come here are. Then how is it a little civilized, and saw with you are not? was rather a home what horror the Europeans re question. They may have wishgarded it. Horsburgh, the great ed to save the New Zealandnavigator, recommended no crew crs from the fate that follows to go near the coast, and when savages who come in contact obliged to land for want of water or with civilization, but they might wood, to go armed. These boats' have seen that they were dealing crews, when they came in cortact with no crdinary savages, but men with the natives, shot them as they whose irtellect would quietly would harpoon a shark. It is place them on a par with Eurooften thus, by powder and shot, peans. That they opposed colonithat Europeans show the superi zation not altogether on account ority of their civilization in bar of the Maori is clear, from the fact barous lands. The Whalers were that the vast tracts of land daimthe men who first began to un ed by them tended greatly to emderstand the natives, and to give barrass that fertile subject of disthem an idea of us. Cruising in pute--the land question. One these seas for oil, they were forc man I believe produced his title to ed often to land, and come in an estate as large as England, and contact with the Maori, the Na those were looked on as moderate tive New Zealanders. They found claims, whose limits did not exthem an intelligent and an obliging ceed in extent an English counrace, who willingly aided them to ty. The Missionaries would not, establish setilements on the coast. and the Whalers could not, write There they grew vegetables and an account of New Zealand, but other articles for the whaling still what Cook had said remained, ships, and in their shore boats and Englishmen turned with insuccessfully prosecuted that trade. terest to the boot-like form that These sailors married Maori girls marked its limits on the map. A and lived a dissipated life. They very aBlo man, Gibbon Wakefield, had established a trade with Syd- Esq., became early impressed with ney, and were well supplied with the advantages possessed by New all they wanted. The Mission Zealand. Through his untiring aries followed them, and quiakly efforts a company was formed, gained great influence with the who endeavoured to impress on tribes. In their ranks were men Government the necessity of tak- VOL. 1.NO. VI.

·368 The Canterbury Colonyseas. ing possession of them for Eng- pedition permission to land their land and founding a colony there. colonists at Akeroa, Bank's Pe- The Government refused, as they ninsula, under the superintendence feared being involved in a war of an English Magistrate. That with the natives ; but they had no French Company is now extinct, objection to the Company enclea and the colony they formed, is a vouring to found an independent portfon of the Canterbury block. settlement. This body was incor Whilst this was going on, the New porated by aci of Parliament as the Zcaland Company was entirely en- New Zealand Com;any. The ef gaged in organizing an cmigration forts of this Company brought New to Cook's Straits. The ship Tory Zealand into prominent notice. arrived with Colonel Wakefield, The land was now open to any Agent of the Company, and a power that choose to take posses staff of surveyors. As no country siou ofit. The l'rench also thought claimed. New Zealand, the Agent this a favorable opportunity for considered himself justified in establishing a settlement in these purchasing from the natives vast So they started an expe tracts of land bordering on Cook's dition organized by a company in Straits. He found no difficul- Bordeaux. John Bull had no idea ty in inducing the natives to take of permitting this. What the en any amount of gụns, blankets and treaties of all acquainterl with the other articles, and sign any thing land could not do, the movement de chocse. The Maori at first on the part of France at once were delighted to sce the men accomplished. The islands were who gave them bread and blankdeclared part of England's domi ets, and they shook hands heartily nion, and Governor Hobson nomi. with the first few hundreds, but nited as the first representative when these hundreds swelled to of the Crown. It was a question thousands, they began to grow of time. Governor Hobson arriv suspicious,' and became annoyed first, in a few days the French ing in their insatiable demands made their appearance, and found for more bla.akets and guns. The that they had been what is empha conduct of Rauperaha, an old Cantically termed “sold" by Perfide nibal Chief of great influence, gave Never was there a the settlera much uneasiness, but stronger proof that the most mo the arrival of the governor and the mentous questions are merc play. proclamation that added the isthings of trifling occurrence. А lands to the dominion of Engfew days' calm on the line-or land, were hailed with joy, and perhaps a gale of wind in the all difficulties with the natives Bay of Biscay, saved the South were in their ideas speedily to ern liemisphere, in days to come, be overcome. Never were men from a repetition of the bloody wars more deceived. Governor Hobfought by these rival nations in spn mistook his mission. He Europe. It would at any rate was sent to foster into strength have been a never-failing source the settlements founded by the of regret to England, had France New Zealand Company, but he succeeded in giving over these conceived a passion to become a noble islands to her galley slaves.,' founder himself. His first attempt Governor Hobson gave this ex-' was a fallure. He started with Albion.

·Its Site and Prospects. 369 “Russel" in the Bay of Islands, but the rural land they had purchased speedily abandoned it. Finally were turned off and many shot at. he established himself, the troops Commissioners were appointed to and officials, at Auckland, for protect the natives, and in their north in the northern islands, as hands a simple question of comfar as he could well get from the pensation to appease the conflict- Cook's Straits settlements. The ing claims, became a Gordian difficulty of communication may knot of intricacy. They brought be imagined when the neys from the difficulties of Fueglish law to Auckland was generally received bear on New Zealand barbarity, at Wellington vill Sydney. Capt. and astonislied both the settlers Ilobson now legislated with one and natives. The native, by physiobject; to make a sixccessful town cal force, kicked the scttler off the of Auckland. IIis only method land he had paid a high price for; of succeeding in this was by and the Commissioner by a quibdrawing away the settlers from ble justified it. Thus they were the Straits. cut off from the hope of exports, The Agent for the Company when the Governor treated the and the land purchasers firmly customs as a plaything: No man resisted. Aº paper war ensued, was safe in any speculation, and the interests of the north and thus they were cut off from imsouth were placed in direct colli ports. Naver was town in a more sion, and Governor Holmon be complete state of blockade than came personally the enemy of the Wellington, and it survived the men who endeavoured to de crisis only through the indomifeat bis darling project-legis- table perseverance of the Anglolating for an object diametrically. Saxon raco, Governor Hobson opposed to the interests of the was not permitted to complete settlements, for Auckland was a the work, the exact antithesis of mere Governmeni establishment,) what he was sent to perform. Ile and personally disliking the set had drawn on his head the ire of tlers. What was hailed as a boon the powerful. company who bad 'became a curse. And it was a founded these settlenients, and he curse, for it led to murder and was removed. The settlement anarchy, and finally var brought of Nelson had been founded. the colony to the lowest ebb, Colonel Wakefield wished it placdrove many individuals to ruin, ed where Canterbury now is, but and gave rise to a question, which the Governor refused; the Goverstruck at the root of the set nor wished it to be placed near tlements, rendered all proper- Auckland, to which Colonel Wakety insecure, and which to this field objected; the alternative then day has not been quite, settled. was Cook's Straits. “ New Ply- The quick intellect of the Ma mouth" was founded by a company ori taught them the position in in Plymouth, and a small settlewhich the settlers stood ; they ment was also started at Wanbecame insolent in their demands, ganui. Capt. Fitzroy succeedand from insolence the transition ed to the Government, and enwas quick to a hostile attitude. deavoured to work the colo- Outrages were committed by them ny by the same machinery the with impunity ; men tultivating late Governors had left. The > ·370 The Canterbury Colonygreat, aim of both Governors timber after, I think, paying a duty. seems to have been to avoid a The Colonial wood is a beautiful war which perhaps from the first furniture wood, lasting, and easily was inevitable. The acts of the worked, the imported is but comnatives had wound up in a frightful mon deal, yet well organized labour massacre, in which some of che can stand this incredible competifirst gentlemen of the land fell tion. The efforts to export spars in the valley of the Waireau. failed through want of labour. A. Disheartened and disgusted, the chemical preparation was necessacolonists beheld one, after an ry to separate the fibre of the flax other their brilliant hopes va from the glutinous vegetable matnish. Nature seemed to combine ter in which it is encased; the with man in defeating prospects natives did thie by scraping it with more bright than ever had been a shell, but such work would ruin held out to a colony leaving a any one who tried it, and to exmother shore. Where was the port it to England, encumbered flax, the spars, the oil, the wool, with any portion of this gluten, en-' the grain, the furniture wood ? suresit being landed a rotten mass. All had been promised, and not The first land cleared in the Hutt, one had succeeded as an export. cost, as I before observed, forty Had they been deceived ? No. pounds an acre, a sum far greater Above their heads towered tall than the value of the land when spars fit for lower maste for line- Geared. The export of ofl which of-battle ships, beautiful furniture at least appeared certain, vanishwood cumbered the ground, flax ed with the whale from the grew in quantities under their coast. A few straggling stations feet, and this vegetation was a are now all that remains of this proof of the fertility of the soil ; once groat export of New Zeabut all remained a sealed letter land. Nothing then could have to them. The difficulties of creat been worse than the prospects of ing an export, even with the these suttlements during the rematerial to their hand, when gime of Captain Fitzroy. Immitheir labour market was at the gration had ceased and emigration antipodes of the world, were not was going on. Bands of hostile nafully understood. To illustrate tives drove away any colonist who this, I will quote an instance. dared to settle on his land, defied Twelve miles from Lyttelton men the Government, and committed are employed sawing wood. When murder with impunity. There was sawn they throw the Loards into a no export, and they had even failed . boat, which sails'oy sea to Lyttel- in growing sufficient to support ton, and the wood is thrown on themselves. Thus they were at.., the jetty. In the backwoods of theif last gasp, when Sir G. Grey Canada, and in Norway, saw mills was sent to the He cut up wood. It is imported to had successfully carried Adelaide England, landed, brought down to through a most difficult crisis, the docks again, thrown into the and his appointment was hailed hold of an emigrant ship, carried to with joy. This time they were Lyttelton harbour, taken to the not deceived. He saw that his jetty in the long boat, and thrown 'first step was to bring the natives ashore by the side of the other to reason. The war that ensued escue.

·Its Site and Prospects. 871 ed us. was most satisfactory in its result, Governor Hobson's folly, Rụssell. though no brilliant exploits added This last was no affair of surprise.. glory to our arms. In fact no war Heki, w.ho led the New Zealanwith a savage nation can. Had ders, sent word that he would do the Maori combined, they would it, and he did do it at the time he have driven the Government troops said. But the judicious operations and settlers into the sea, and of the Governor forced the New the English nation would then Zealanders into the bush, where a have learned what the Caffres few weeks of rain, cold, and starare now teaching them, that the vation, rather damped their love arms, dress and equipment of the of war. They proposed that fight- English soldier are the worst pos- ing should cease till the weather sible for bush fighting. But Sir became fine, and they had laid in G. Grey understood the policy provisions ; and then they would which, backed by the force of be ready to fight again. They arms, has spread our empire over were astonished when this prothe world--"divide and conquer.” posal was treated whth contempt, He separated the tribes—whilst and they foủnd that what they some combined against us, others had been taught to consider a remained neutral, and some join - pleasant pastime, was with us the Even successful in this, last desperate resort. The war he found the war a prost dificult ended in their submission. It one, and perhaps it was well proved to us that the Maori were for the colony that he combined a noble and a dangerous foc; it the talent of a General with di proved to them that they could plomatic skill. The settlers who not successfully contend against a all along had but waited the nod nation whose power was unseen, of the Governor to rush headlong and perhaps over-cstimated, and to war, werc astonished at the re both the settlers and the natives sult of the first operations. Like saft that their best policy was the nation of which thay are a to pull together and live in peace. part, utterly ignorant of military With the war passed the danger of affairs, and puffed up with ideas of the crisis. When this, the greattheir own valour, they were ready est pressure, was removed, the to run like a bull at a railway rise of the settlements, at once train. Were they not English showed the weight from which men, and how could these savages they were relicved. The next stand before them; how stand step of Sir George was to place the the glitter of the bayonets that “ land question” on a satisfactory had scattered Napoleon's best footing, then so easy job. In troops ? Is not the hunter of this also he succeeded. The the far west superior to the In towns began to recover life and dian savagr.? and so also must breath. Again English ships with not they be superior to the Maori immigrants cast anchor in Port savage? But the moral of this Nicholson. Again Australian veshad no effect on the New Zea. sels landed their cargoes of sheep landers, who repulsed our troop and cattle. Again the axc soundfrom their stockades, shot our refl ed in the wood, and the farmer coats in the forests, and stormed an yoked his cattle to the plough. burned the wretched remnant of Never were seen two more striking . 9 ·372 The Canterbury Colony--Its Site and Prospects. examples of despotic rule. Now the public, apparently glossed it under one Governor, the colony over, and occupied the attention sank to the verge of ruint Now of the colonists by visions of the under another it rose into life and greut mission they were about vigour. Public opinion in England to fulfil. In reality they and began to change with the change everyone else were ignorant of prospects of the colony. The on the subject. It is only now results of the New Zealand Com coming, tu light, the value of the pany's operations had been sneer plains of the middle Island are ingly pointed to. Men had boldonly now beginning to be underly affirmed it was impossible to stood. In this question is the found a successful colony in the success or failure of a colony country; that it was mera moun simply sumined up. All hinges tain, bog and wood, incapable of on what can be produced, and producing an export, without what markets are open for that which no colony can live. To produce. Hlad I had any idea this day they have affirmed that of writing on this country bethere is no pastoral land, and fore I left the colony, I would therefore it cannot groy wool have procured some figures to that it might raise grain, potatoes, work on. As it is, I can give onand vegetables which, when men ly an opinion,--an opinion in itself and pigs had eaten their fill, worth next to nothing, were it not would become a drug; in other backed by wiser and more experiwords, that there was no market enced men. I will now carry my for any produce New Zealand readers to the promised land, where could raise. Some nine months they inust remain till next month, ago, this was the grouyd-work of' when I will come forward, and an arcfcie in the Times ; less than point out the beauties and prosa year ago, I saw it positively pects of the place. asserted in the Colonial Mayazine. The reaction in New Zealand I have often heard men express the was followed by a reaction in Engsame opinion, and secn it laid land. The Free Kirk of Scotland down as a face in many journals. formed the colony of Otago. Colo- The question is always asked nel Wakefield despatched emissathose who attempt to controvert ries to choose the site. They exthis opinion, why then have amiied the plains of Port Cooper they not produced the export? and condemned them, thus slow- And the example of Port Philip ing how well fitted they were for is invariably cited. I have never the work in which they were cmseen this clearly answered. I have ployed. The fact was, there was never seen it clearly laid down, scarcely a man in New Zealand what New Zealand could produce capable of judging of the real vaand what markets were open for lue of these plains. Wellington her produce. Hand-books.pic was, now growing into a commerture a paradise, and think this cial town. Nelson established a subject quite beneath them. Corewery and rope manufactories ; lonizing societies soar far above New Plymouth exported agriculsuch details, even the Canterbury ural produce in considerable association, who embody the most. uantities ; and all wore a smilcomplete scheme laver laid before Ing aspect, when that movement ·Man's Mission. 373 was commenced which gave a plan. I attended at the Canternew tone to emigration. This bury rooms more at first from cumovement was heralded by the for riosity ; but afterwards I took my mation of one of the most powerful passage to the colony in one of companies ever organized, with a their ships, a convert to their opilist of some of the best names in nions. I saw how the plan worked England. Nothing was wanting in England; I saw how it worked to give force to the great experi on board ship, and I saw how it ment now in its infancy, an experi worked in the new land ; and I ment intended to prove that reli can give my opinion without hegion is the best foundation on which sitation, that carefully as the theto erect a society; that it is not im ories of the plan have been formpossiblc at once to create at the ed, they have been as carefully put antipodes a society resembling in in practice. I believe it to be immany points that of England, possiblc fully to carry out some of which is the growth of centuries; these theories in a new land, but that there are more profitable cm taking it as a whole, i consider the ployments for poor gentlemen cxcellence of the plan to be only than hanging about the anti-cham surpassed by the excellence of the bers of great men, and that with site chosen. In the following numout any sacrifice, families may bor I will endeavour to give my rise instead of' descending in the reasons for this opinion, more esscale of society. Surh_were the pecially if I find that the subject ends this association combined to really possesses such interest for the achieve, such .were the objects Indian public as I was led on first with which they formed their landing in this country to believe. MAN'S MISSION. FAITHFULLY fulfil thy inission! 'set this ever be thy creed, If thou wishest plentcous harvest, Sow with careful hand thc seed. What declares the sacred record ? Was not man's primeval dooni, Daily bread to win by labour, From life's spring-tide to the tomb ? Nor was this decree restricted To those hardy sons of toil, Who in forest, or in valley, Fell the tree, or delve the soil. Science to the sk 48 up-towering, Piercing to the depths below, Marvels yielding blessings showering, Teaching man what man should know.

·374 Man's Mission. Are not those who lend their efforts To expound her glorious laws. Justly, truly, sons of labour, Labour in a holy cause ? Point ye to the regal sceptremo • Point ye to the queenly crown? Know there's toil in humar greatness, Thus it's doom is written down ? Statesmen have their meed of honor, Titles high, and sounding praise- Conquering warriors gather glory = Tuneful poets gain their bays. But for Statesman, Warrior, Poet, There is weary work to do, For the field of fame is rugged- Hard to tread, though fair to view ! Decni ye indolence excepted Hrom the universal rule ? Think ye there's no special labour Fursthe pleasure-hunting fool ? Ne'er, perchance, did vengeful Heaven Visit even human crime, With a punishment more dreary Than consurning idle time ! There is dignity in labour, If the toil be well bestowed, Even if it be a burlen, Gool hath sanctified the load! Is not Nature ever active, Doth not all creation move Tiny microscopic creatures, Great and glorious orbs above ? Placid lake and silent forest, Mountain peak and lowly vale, All have had their giant movements, All could tell their stiçring tale. And this law of change and motion- Law of toil, for woe or weal,- Countless ages may not alter, Wisest men may not repeal, Life below must soon be ended, Time is rapid in his fight; Whatsoever work thou findesi," Do it with thy soul and might. Faithfully fulfil thy mission ! Let this ever be thy creed, If thou wishest plenteous harvest, Sow with careful ilind the seed. T. J. A. S. Bombay, January, 1852. 0 ·[ 375] THE SOLDIER'S TALE. 2 as Some years since, having lived other portion of the grounds. rather a hard life in India, I The frost having continued for was induced to return home, and sound time, I had determined to put myself under the treatment try my hand at skating; and one of Dr. G., at Cheltenhar), where morning rose earlier than usual, the following incidents occurred. so as to be on the ice before the Arriving at home in the depth accustomed visitors arrived, as I of winter, as soon as possible after had had no opportunity of practis- I had despatched my business in ing that amusement since my boy. London, I went down to Chel hood, and feared to make myself tenham, and agreeably to advice ridiculous before a large number given, commenced taking the wa of people. On coming to the lake, lers at one of the Spas. The Spa I was advised by one of the gate- I choose was Pitville; not owing kccpcrs not to venture on the ice, to any superior virtues to be found a suddoli' thaw had set in in its waters, but on account of during the night and rendered it. ita situation, and the large extent unsafe : to this advice I turned a of pleasure ground neatly and deaf ear,“ not srpposing that one lastefully laid out, surrounding it. night's tlfaw could much signify, Owing to its being distant from particularly with so light a the usual places of amusement, weight as myself. My skates were and from the more fashionable soon buckled on, and with a few parts of the town, the attendance. 'staryers and more falls, I found there is never numerous : indeed, that my foriner knowledge bad during the winter months, there not quite deserted me. Soon a was only one person besides mysell, drizzling rain set in, which deterwho appcared to be a regular at mined me to return homewards, tendant. Often as he passed me for which purpose I struck off for in my rambles through the beau the opposite shore ; but when tiful, though dreary walks, would within a few yards of the bank, hc partially advance, as if willing the ice gave way bength me to make my acquaintance, and with a low grating noisc, and I then suddenly check himself, and found myself struggling in deep resume the even tenor of his way. water, benumbed with cold, and His looks were in his favor, and a becoming exhausted with futile shade of melancholy in his coun efforts to cxtricate myself. I had tenance made me interested in begun to despair of escaping from him, and anxious to know who this dangerous position, when 1 this solitary 1 zing could be. suddenly lett myself firmly grasp- So long as the large sheet of ed by the hand, and soon after water at the end of the long walk lying panting on the bank, with was frozen over, the visitors to my mysterious friend hanging over that quarter were numerous : me. jlis wet appearance instantly enough; but few of them ever left showed me who my deliverer the margin of its banks, or appear was; and after thanking him in the cd to take any interest in the best way I could, I asked his name. . 3 VOL. I.NO. VI. T ·376 The Soldier's Tale. manner. with me, On my doing so, he regarded pearance, I took a book from its 'me earnestly for a moment, place, and began perusing it over and answered in rather a confused the fire. ' Becoming absorbed in Oh, never mind ; it's the story, I was not aware of the not worth knowing ;" then, as entry of my friend, until lightly if reflecting for a moment, he add- touching me on the shoulder, he ed-"Ah, well, I live at No. exclaimed, " I must apologize for Winchcomb street; if you think my the delay in my appearance ; but acquaintance worth having, come I was dressing when you came, and call; in the meantimc get home for I did not expect you so early. and change as quickly as possible; No bad effects I hope from yesterthere is a cab waiting for you." day's adventures ?" On my telling On my asking him to take a seat him there were none, he said,"now he positively refused, and you are here, you must stay and shaking my hand, wished me ra take tiffin." The word tiffin surther an abrupt farewell. prizcd me, and I replied, "I shall Next day I called at the house be most happy, but let me ask you, pointed out by him. The door was have you ever been in India ? for opened by a girl of about 13 years the word tiffin makes me fancy so." of age, who before I could inter- “Yes," he said, “I have, and knew rogate her as to its owner, informyoy there; I have long wished to ed me, that "if I was the gent. renew our' acquaintance, and now as falled in the ice yesterday, thanks to your accident of yestermaster says I was to be shewed day, my wish is accomplished ; but"--and a shadow scemed to up." Thus saying, she beckoned me to follow her upstairs, and left pass his brow—" I dare say you will not thank me for doing so. me ti a ncatly furnished apart- However I will now see what my ment--saying she would tell master that I had comed." Tiere poor larder can supply in the were few ornaments in the room, way of tiffin, and after that is save that over the fire-place, there over, you shall know my name, hung an exquisitely-finished miand hear my story : but hark me, niature of a beautiful young girl. you tell it to no man. In one corner was a small bookhim the necessary promise, and we case. Glancing my eye over its proceeded to the meal. As soon contents, I found the volumes to as it was finished, the fire stirred, be well selected, but many of and the little maid sent out of the them on Military subjects. room with orders not to admit any one, he commenced the following My friend not making his ap- The Soldier's Tale. I gave tale : " The name I am known by the daughter of a wealthy tradeshere is Evans, but that is not my man in the city, but being the real one.' My father's is Beecham; 6 youngest of seven girls, she brought he was a banker, who, retiring but little portion to my father. The from business, settled in Upper sum was £4,000, and this was Park Street, Regent's Park-, settled on her children, of which where I was born. My mother was she had two, the first a girl, who ·The Soldier's Tale. 377 died early, and then myself, anything but pleasant, and my though in bringing me into the companions, many of them better world her own life was sacrificed. fitted for St. Giles, than for asso- This perhaps may have been the ciates of gentlemen. The voycause of the dislike my father al age out and home, was made in ways evinced towards me, and the thz usual time, and without acill treatment I ever received at his cidunt; but I was glad to hear on hands; he was violent in the ex my arrival, from my father, that treme, and from the earlicst pe during my absence he had been riod of my life, was accustomed to offered a Cadetship for me, which treat me with the greatest seve he insisted on my taking. So good rity for every slight fault, and I a thing as that I was not likely to was often beaten for none at all. refuse, as I had taken a thorough As soon as I could read, I had dislike to the sea ; and knew that long and difficult tasks set me, this appointment would render generally chapters in the Bible. me independent of my father, Before commencing his tortures and preclude the possibility of with the rod, his custom was to tell his writing 'harsh letters to me, me that it was written, 'Spare the now that I was too big for him to rod, and spoil the child;' it may beat. For the short time I rebe a good maxim, but from not mained in England, I found mysparing the rod he spoiled his self pretty well my own master, child, and made me hutchim, a.id and had accepted an invitation to by giving me the Bible as a task, visit my aunt at a place called he made me hate that also : and to Stroud. She had an only daughthe hateful way in which religion ter living with her named Julia, in was presented to me when young, whose society I was a good deal attribute my present want of it. thrown. Julia was then about He taught me himself until I was eighteen, handsome, accomplishten years of age, at which period ed, and lady-like : to see her was I was sent as a boarder to one of to love her, and ere I left Engthe large Academies at Hamp- land, I was her accepted lover. stead, and under the kind treat Before parting I gave her a ring, ment of the Rev. Mr. im and received from her that porproved fast, and war in the senior trait you see over the mantelform. One day, just after I had piece. We agreed that at the completed my sixteenth year, I end of two years she should was sent for home, and on pro come out to me in India, where ceeding to my father's study, he were to be married, and informed me that he had an offer then, with mutåal vows, we parted of a berth for me as midshipman -alas ! never again to meet. in an East Indiaman about to Returning to London, I passed sail for Madras and Calcutta. the usual farce at the India House, Before a week elapsed, I found and wished my father good-bye. myself at Portsmouth, and was Even at that moment he could there introduced to my future not conceal his dislike to me, but companions and brother mids. said he hoped the good-bye was The ship was called the Hindos for ever. Scarcely able to control tan, and was good enough, but I •my temper, I answered by saying found the life of a midshipmar that the wish was mutual, and we ·378 The Sollier's Tale. thus with angry words the father that pleased me. You must re and son parted. On reaching member some of the people stay- Calcutta, I found myselt posted ing there that season, among others to a regiment at Loodiana, where Am Morton : how well she sang, I eventually arrived, having en and to whom, because I was simcountered most of the impositions ply civil, by turning over her muand annoyances attendant 'on sic, playing with her, and someevery griff. I liked the ariny times riding with her, that hydrawell, and my 'own regiment in headed monster, Scandal, said I particular, for they were a fine was "engaged." This report reachgentlemanly set of men. In cd home, and' was by some kind about two years I purchased my friend told to Julia, who wrote me Lieutenancy, and from having no of it, asking me what truth there private means, was forced to in was in the matter. Doubt mc, she volve myself in difliculties by do said she could not, though the auing so: this prevented Julia com thority she received her informaing out to mi:, as by that time tion from, was alniost cnough to I had seen enough of married make her think that my boyish inlife in India to know that a mar clinations had changed. This last ried subaltern in debt was among expression annoyed me, and God the niost wretched of mortals. So knows it may have been passion, I resolved that Julia should not or jealousy that made me write come ont until I was true from bitk an afteling letter, in which debt, and was able to atſord her 1 said she must think but lightly such comforts as the nature of of my love, to listen to all the titthe climate render nccessary. tle-tattle that canje from India, There was no selfishnass in my and t!rat probably her own affecmolives; I wished the one I lov tions had cindergonc a change, and ed to be happy, and live as com that if she doubted mc, she might fortably as she had always been yet withdraw ncr acceptance. This used to live. I fcar decided her as to the truth of Of all field sports 1 had althe report, for in reply she wrote ways been "fond, and having me a short but kind note, wishing been offered a sparc Howdah by me happiness, saying, “ I return a well known sportsman in Ro your ring, ank may you be more hilcund, I determined to avail constant to her who is now destined myself of his kindness, and though to be your bride, than you have the month was May, we proceeded been to mc." This maddened me, to the Terace at the foot of the and my resolve was to find out Hills, and remained there Tiger the author of the report. From shooting for the whole month. some words accidentally overheard The consequence to me was a by me, I traced the slanderer to be jungle fever, and eventually a trip Colonel KM, at that time at Alon medical certificate to Almorah morah on leave. His house was but and the snow. It was here I first a short distance from my own, and made your acquaintance, and liked walking over, I found him sitting you well; for though you appeared in his verandah. To his request to think the only good thing on for me to be seated, I answered by earth was a Billiard table, yet asking him if he was the author of there was something about you che report concerning, my marriage ·'The Soldier's Tale. 379 - as to Miss Morton. He answcred on my way overland to England, with a smile,“ What are you not with what feelings you can well going to be? well, don't be angry, imagine. Without an instant's but sit down.” Passion scized.ie, delay, on my arrival I started for and the next instant he was lying Stroud, but found the house ocinsensible on the ground. Even cupied by others, who however then I pitied his grey hairs, but I felt wert able to inform me that the an inward satisfaction at ' kowing former tenant had gone with her he was hurt. Soon after ray return sick daughter to Madeira. Oh! to my own quarters, I was placed how omingus the name of that under arrest, and remained so for island sounded to mc-the grave some days. I was then told that I of so many of England's fairest and might resign the service or stand best! Talf mad with doubts and a court martial. At first I resolved dread I returned to London, and to resign, but unfortunately chose started by packet for Madeira, the latter course, and disgraced but in vain, I was too late! A few my name, for I was dismissed the days before my arrival, the spiscrvice. On hearing my scnrit of Julia was restored to her tence, I wrote both to my father Maker. and Julia explaining matters ; my My good aunt told me with father wrote bạck, addressing me tears in her cyes that Julia's last “ Sir;" saying that he never words were of me; her hope was wished to hear about mour sec nie to live iong enough to see me again-as I had made my bed, so once again, but, alas ! that wish I might lie in it,—but added in was frustrated. For a long time a postscript the welcome intelli-, after this, all was a dreary blank gence, (for I had been since my to me; the excitoinent proved sentence living on the charity of more than I could bear, and brain my former brother officers,) that fever ensued. For wecks I lay tota in a few days 1 should be of aye, tering on the brink of the grave, and that my mother's moncy but owing to the unremitting being settled on her children, I care of my aunt, and a natura!ly would be entitled to the same. strong constitution, "I gradually The interest of that sum is all I now came round. As soon as I was have to subsist on, but it is aipple able to mpvc, bidding my aunt for my wants. Ilowever to my sto good bye, I left Funchal, and sctry, though I fear I fatigue you." tled in a small town on the Welch On my replying in the negative, çoast, taking the name I am at he resumed, 6 Julia was all kind present known by. ness-begging me to forgive her “My solitary habits soon made hasty judgment, but told me the, me an object of curiosity, and as informant to her of my engagc- I feared my secret might by ment was rone other than my some means o's another escape, own father. “Pray, pray, forgive I, resolved on coming to this me, dearest Henry," she wrote place. The town being large, and "I feel ill, very ill, do come home, none of my friends or rather relafor I want to see you, as I know tions being ncar, I thought that my days are numbered." Alarmed my former history could not be at the intelligence, I made what known--hitherto I have found haste I could, and ero long, was the casc. Such is my story, and ·380 The Soldier's Tale, + now," he said, " I must resort to ently said, "My father has found my best and only friend, which," me out ; we quarrelled and came said he,"is this Brandy--it is the to blows ; "I killed him; there he only thing to kill care." So say- liet'; look, look how frightfully he ing, with a trembling hand he stares at“me," and then hiding his filled his tumbler, and drank it at face in his hands he remained quiet once. My endeavours to dissửade for some time. During this while I him froin taking more, were of no had sent the servant for a medical avail. On my saying that spi- man, as perceived that he was rits consumed in such quantities, suffering from delirium tremens. and in a raw state, were sure, When the doctor arrived he was sooner or later, to result in a me quite subdued, and with the cunlancholy death-he replied, "In ning of madness, pretended he was death! I know that full well; my only joking and had tried to alarm Indian experience has shown it me. He allowed himself to be put me; I only wish it would cause to bed, but next morning he was death sooner inan it floes: there is raving, and required a strait waisthowever one comfort, it is slow, coat. From this state he never but surc,-glorious brandy !" I recovered, but sunk on the third tried to reason with him, and day. awake any religious feeling he As soon as I pousibly could, afmight have, but oto no "purpose, Seeing him sleepy, I said good acquainting him with the circumter his deathi, I wrote to his father, night, and went home. stances, but as I neither saw him I frequently saw him after this, and used to walk with him into forced to hurry on the funeral. He or received any answer, I was the country, hoping that change was carried to his grave in a snow of scene and companionship mightstorm, and none were there to wean his mind from broodmourn his rintimely end except ing over his miseries, and the myself; under the large yew tree craving for brandy ; but I fear with little effect. Things had in the old Churchyard his remains sleep peacefully; on the stone that gone on in this way for about marks his grave, his real name is eight months, and winter was again commencing, when one day, his history. 'Peace to his manes ! written. Few that read it, know contrary to my usual custom, I A short time after his burial the called at liis house late in the affather arrived. He did not appear ternoon. The little maid on opening the door and seeing me, said, to be in any way affected at the Oh, Sir, I am so glad you have but civilly thankcome, master is took mad I think, ing me for what I had done, took he makes such a noise, and talks (possession of the property. such stuff.” On going to his room, I liked not his looks; the cold I found him half reclining on the calculating eye, though dimmed sofa, screaming and vociferating in by age, proved the truth of his a most violent manner he recogunfortunate son's description of nized me, but speaking incoher bim. death of his son, ·[381] THE "MOFUSSIL, some YEARS, long years ago, bufore quakes, lightning and thunder, I crossed the Atlantic, and when all were jumbled up under the the extent of my salt-water experi- same heading; and at last I beence was limited to Brighton gan to wonder what sort of counbeach, and the more htunble wa try this Mofussil could be, for up tering places, Margate, Ramsgate, to that hour it had struck me as and Broadstairs ;-years ago, when being a sipk of iniquity, a corner the tales of the s gorgeous East" of the globe where all sorts of were read by me with childish horrible things happened, and wonder, or listened to, open- seemingly without calling forth a mouthed, when Qui Hi remark from the Indian Editors, recited them ;-years ago, long be who contented themselves with fore I had ever thought of mak collecting details of the horrid ing India my abiding place--I events for the amusement of their had heard of the “ Mofussi).” I readers, perhaps thinking, with never attempted to make a guess some slic::of reason, that all they as to the meaning of the word, might say on the matter would not and as I had never been to any mend it. school or college where eastern Timc wore on : it became nelanguages formed a part of the sys cessary for me to come out to Intem of education-- I could not ex dia, and my passage was taken on pect to understand it. In fact, I board one of the old passenger was so little interested in Indian, ships. It is many years ago, but affairs, that I'm afraid I never I have yet a vivid recollection tried to discover aught about the of the creaking and cracking of country beyond what it was abso her old timbers, whenever there lutely necessary for me to learn, and was the slightest ruffle on the 80 I constantly heard and read of sea. A half musty, half spithe Mofussil, sometimes from old cy perfume pervaded hfar from Indians, sometimes through the “stem to stern," and the myri- Calcutta papers, but what the word ads of cockroaches and centimeant, I never troubled myself to pedes existing in every crevice, enquire. This Mofussil was would be almost incredible now terrible place ! If one outrage they were countless. Many a more horrible than another hap time after I had fallen into a sound pened to be committed, it was sleep, and the lights were all exalways chronicled under the head tinguished, have I been awoke by " Mofussil." If a rich landhold a few dozen of the former nib. er flew into a rage, and cut off bling at my toe nails, or the lobes his tenants' ears, it was chronicled of my ears, and on getting hold under the head of “ Mofussil." of my towel, without which it was If a Hindoo widow chose to impossible to pass a night in peace, make a bonfire of herself, and I have heard them whish-ishsome dozen slaves, it was under ishishing away, with a sound the same head. The most fright very much resembling that of a ful storms, inundations, thug- laurel shrubbery, stirred by a gees, dacoitjes, typhoons, earth brisk breeze. The centipedes a ·C 382 The 66 Mofussil." dispensed their poisonous bites a very foolish feeling of pride kept amongst the sailors, but they did me from asking any questions. I not touch the passengers; and preferred remaining in ignorance. the rats, many generations of W is necessary for me here to which animals must have been state that I am not one of the faborn and bred on board, paid at voured ; in other words, I am not tention to all alike, from the Cap a member of either service, Civil tain, (who was a wonderfully or Military, and this may in some pompous little man, with R. N. measure account for the fact, that after his name,) down to the although I have lived upwards cook's mate, of thirty yeats in the country, We arrived off the Sandheads and been all the time, what in in November, 1820, after what England would be called tolerwas considered a finc passage of ably well to do in the world--I five months and twenty days. We am still bachelor. 1 cannot got our pilot and leadsman, and the say I have never been in love ship was takerf up by easy stages, during these long weary years, sometimes assisted by the wind and for even at this age, when the tide, but more frequently by row sere and yellow leat" shows boats, to Calcutta. I have never not plainer to any than myself, been there since, but I well re I have a vivid recollection of member remarking the low dirty that bright and beautiful being, shore, particularly that sery ap who cantine aside to “ do betpropriately named part, Mud ter," a ndshe did better, for she Point, and the several stations, is married and happy with one as they were called, where the, in the service, which she might not Hon'ble Company's fag liung have been with me. I am not in listlessly to the long white flay the service; I am one of that class staff, without a breath of air to increly tolerated in Indian sociemake it fly. The pilot brought ty, adınitted into it by courtesy, us some Calcutta papers, and an act of gracious condescension. there I saw the old story. Under I have never outraged, hy prethe head of " Mofussil" a woman suming to question the motives had been murdered for the sake of those who admitted me within of her ornaments—a sepoy had the magic ckclc, but by always shot his officer-an European had endeavouring to persuade mycommitted suicide, and several peo sell that it was my obliging disple had been thugged. In addition position, rather than a feeling of to this catalogue of sad events, one loneliness on the part of thosc man had bcen executed for mur who first noticed me, that gained der, and about six hundred drown me a place at the tables of the od by the sudden rise of some ri great! I have been content to let Well, thought lys when I the matter stand an oppn question, have an opportunity of learning My days in Calcutta vere not what this Mofussil incans, I will many. Provided with introducnot let it go by, and it will be my tory letlers to several people of own fault if I ever go ncar it. considerable standing in the mer- There were doubtless many on cantile community, I was soon buard who could and would havc thrown into that class of society enlightened ine on this point, but known in those days, as Merchant ver.

·The "Mofussil." 91 388 3 man my ft ther-than I to Hercules." Princes. During my stay I quiringly, and half afraid to trust found them a most hospitable, myself with a remark. gentlemanly set of men, and weir “ Yes, sar," said my friend the style of living certainly.warranted Sircar. 66 Out of Calcutta is the application of the term, by Mofussil." which they have always been So then, I had been reading of designated. This race is now near crimes and misdemeanors, accily cxtinct; there may be a few dents and offences, storms and still remaining alive at Chelten the state of the crops, fancying ham, but the larger portion sleep them all connected with one unfathe long sleep of death at the end voured spot of ground in India, of Park Street. Peace be to their whilst considering the extent of ashes ! ground included in the term Mo- I had been consigped to my fussil, the catalogue of crime was uncle, the head of a house of comparatively trifling. high respectability, but it so hap- It was not long before I bepened, that when I arrived, the came fully' acquainted with the old gentleman was away, passing meaning of the meaning of the word. My uncle some native holidays (the Doorga returned, a little, sharp visaged Pooja they must have been) out of Calcutta ; : but I found every thing very comfortable, my roan " My father's buther-but no more like ready, and a letter from the old gentleman telling nie to call for But he was kind and liberal to me, what I wanted, -to make myself and so I respected him. He soon quite at home, and he would re- • told me that I was myself destinturn in about a week. Trom ed to be a Uenizen of the Mrfyssil : the date of the letter I discovered that, he intended to send me to that the " week". had already one of his Indigo factories in the gone by, and that I might expect Kishnaghur district, and that I him back every day, so I asked might, in time, rise to eminence the Sircar, who spoke English, in that particular lipe offee in where my uncle had gone to ? India. I went into the Mofussil, “Masters gone to the Mofus- I plodded away at ploughing, harsil," he replied. rowing, sowing, weeding, study- “ The Mofussil," repeated I, ing the weather, watching the mechanically," the Mofussil. Is rising river, cutting, measuring, that far from Calcutta ?" •steeping, beating, boiling, pressing “ Yes, sar, very far, more than and drying; varying the work occasionally by snipe-shooting and twenty coss. pig-sticking. I escaped with bare “Ilow large is this Mofussil,' life from a severe attack of cholera. said I ?, I had several feiers and de Morussil, -Mofussil, sar, coleil. I became manager of a set begin where Calcutta leave off, of factories, all, as it were, within and never eshtop till Allahabad aring fencc, albeit one hundred and fifty iniles round. I rose to be part I began to smell a rat. "Mo- proprietor, had promise of a bumfussil means the country, any per season, if rain only fell : rain place out of Calcutta," said I, en did not fall, and I had half a sea- VOL. I.NO. VI. one coup come.” G ·384 The 56 Mofussil." man. was SOD, which only sufficed to pay the this improving state of things will interest on borrowed capitaj. An end. Railvays are in course of other season, and a still more pro constuction, and when the line mising one, I made a large sum, of commr nication is completed. but wanting more, and waiting fer I suppose there will be no Moit, I lost what I had gained, and fussil at all! The changes in in this way I progressed in years, England, of which I hear and sometimes up in the world, some. read, surpass all calculation. I times down, until at last I lost all, have even heard that the old proand am again a servant and an old phecy of Nixos, about travelling But this is not to the pur over the housetops, is verified. pose. I may live to sem it, and I long The Mofussil, no longer strange to do so; but there will be so to me, became my honie, and I many changes in the old country, have during the last twenty years that I shall never recognize it. noted irs gradu? decline. I well One thing is certain, that I shall remember the time when Alipore not be at all surprised at anything considered the Mofussil, I see or hear, and if at some fuwhen Barrackpore and Serampore ture day it should be my lot to trawere dccidedly so, and when I vel back to India by rail, through left Calcutta for Kishnagurh, it Russia via Cashnicer, and do the was considered necessary for me to disiance for London to Lahore be well-armed, as the river thieves in twenty-four hours, I do not were very daring, and did not hesi think I shall give vent to any extate to attack boats containing Eu- pression of astonishment either ropeans. Of late years the country at the speed attained, or at findbelow Allahabad has not been look- ing that during the whole joured upon by North-Westers as the ney, we have not passed through Mofussil. The march of intellect five miles of country deserving and the advance of science has done the name of Mofussil. Perchance so much to lessen the distance be a few years hence a spot of ground tween it and walcutta. Later still beyond the Himalaya mountains beyond Kurnaul only was the may be found to which the term Mofussil in the upper provinces; may þe applic!; and should such and it is 'but a few weeks ago be the case, it will afford an oppor- I heard a Punjaub Irregular Ca tunity for those in power to provalry man sneeringly say, that he vide for a friend, by making a new did not consider any place on the appointment: it will also enable Meerut side of Lahore a bit more some individual of a literary turn in the Mofussil than Calcutta to write a work entitled "Advenitself. tures of arGentleman in search of It is impossible to say where the Mofussil." 0 ·[ 385 ] THE STORY UNCONCLI DED. (Tirken from the Spanish.) In Cadiz, where I used to dwell, Eight years aço-it may be nine-- There liv'd--but Inez, ere I tell My story, prime me with some wine.. What have we here--Ha! Xerez, dry And smooth as amber from what skin ? You know not-well, no matter-try One glass--now, dearest, I'll begin. Eight years ago-it may be nine, For time Hies fast, and as it passes, Snows on our heads--this tipple's fine- Here, boy, a brace of larger glasses. 4 Zounds, cheese and olives-why, any Inez, You catcs ngbly, orymy soul ! My love, another glass,-no shyness--- There's not a headache in a bowl, Nine years ago then--was young, A wild colt then, and not as now, Caught, bridled, saddled, -what has flung That shadow, Inez, o'er yoаr brow? It is no love affair of mine, No gallantry of former days Here, boy, another glass of wine- Mine is, in truth, a tale to raise. Sorrow and wonder. A fair dame, Named Leonara, to our city To dwell in poverty and mourning, came, Her face was one, which love and pity “ No mattt- what her face ?" No matter ? Well, certainly, 'twas nought to me Inez, you know I never flatter, A fairer face I ne'er shall see. The hell of fiddlers is the fiddling Of other fiddlers, as I've read, All beauty but their own is-middling Women oft doubt true white and red.

·386 To a Tobacconist. But I grow saucy, and my story Lingers “Go on!" Upon my word! If there's one thing in which I glory, It's narrative-you're too absurd. • A zig-zag is your proper course; With ins and outs, and turns and bendings; Tales should, like rivers, from their source Mcander-Oh yes, they have endings. But see, my bottle's growing lighter- Detraction dogged her; if 'twas true I know not--would the lamps shone brighter “One only !” Well, it shone like two. ". Had wine cnough !" 'tis good for sleeping- Sleep like a dorinouse ?"' " always ?" I ? What can this be that's o'er me creeping ? Sleep?" nonsense-now my Tale I'll try- This lady oft was seen in tears, Yet nune could guess her cause forøsq-row- Past One!--can I brlieve my ears ?- My love, I'll tell the rest to-morrow. 0 TO A TOBACCONIST Thou poor Tobacconist, a weary lot Methinke is thine ; who from the foggy morn, Almost to the appearing of the next day's dåwn, Watchest within thy parlour foul and hot, Nor ever seest the cheerful garden plot, Nor the kine grazing on the odorous lawn ; But breathest through discontented nostrils drawn ; The thickly steaming herb of old Nicot. Oh! I would rather be a labourer, To grodd and sweat beneath the primal curse ; Than live in that small shop from year to year, To feed on noxiolis vapours, and to hear the empty coxcombs fruitlessly converse, Till their brief intellects subside in beer. H, G. K. .* ·[ 387 ] ON VEDANTISM, CR, THE RELIGION OF THE VEDANTA. (Concluded from page 303.) " Of Eacii of the Veds, as is at pre ther..selves ever profess to be of sent pretty well known, is divided divine origin as the Veds do, or into two parts, severally denomi any thing more than what they nated the Sanhitas and the Brah ostensibly are,- lectures addressed manas, or prayers and precepts. by certain preceptors to their pu- The Sanhitas are comprised of pils. The system deduced from hymns, prayers ard invocations them, therefore, cannot, from the addressed by the Moha Rishees mere circumstance of its having to the elements, the sun, the moon, been so deduced, be admitted as and the stars at random; and col the orthodox and original teaching lectively compose the liturgical part of the Hindu scriptures. What of the scriptures. The Brahma trace have we in the earlier pornas, on the other hand, consist of tions of the Veds of the theology prccepts inculcating religious du which the Upanishads uphold ? ties, and lectures directing reli Have we nonc? The four followgious observai ces ; and furm, ing sentences occur in the Rig, according to Jaimini, a cost of suz- Yajur, Sa.nand Atharvan Veds resplement to the Sanhitas. Those pectively: “This is Bruhmu," "I parts of the Brahmanas which treat am Bruhmu," " That art thou," of Bruhmu are called the Upani “ The soul is Bruhmu." shads. They are generally ap: 'hini, whose glory is so great," says pendages to the preceptive sec the white Yajur Ved, "there is tions, a few only existing in a se no image. He it is who is celeparate form altogethet, like stric brated in various holy strains. tures on the writ. And from these Even he is the God who pervades Upanishads, as we have seen al all regions. He is the first-born. ready in the course of our It is he who is in the womb. He mination, the Vedanta theology who is born: and he who will be is derived. If the Upanishads, produced; he severally and univertherefore, be admitted as part and sally remains with all persons." parcel of the Veds, the system of And, further on, the text says, Vyasa has undoubtedly a just title " In him this world is absorbed ; to the derivation it claims. But and from him it issues ; and in it has been objected that the Upa- creatures he is twined and wove nishads are not legitimate portions, with various forms of existence." of the original Veds; and apart The Rig Ved, alluding to the from other arguments, is urged creation of the world, also says, the fact, that the peculiarities of Then there was no entity, nor their style and composition bear nonentity; no world, nor sky, nor no resemblance to those of the aught above it; nothing any where more indubitable sections of the in the happiness of any one inscriptures, which are all of them volving or involved. Death was written in a more ancient, curious, not, nor then was immortality, nor and rugged dialect. It is also distinction of day and night. But urged that the Upanishada do not . THAT (interpreted by the Vedanta exa- ·888 On Vedantism ; or, as to mean the Supreme Being,) new deity, and finds at the end breathed without afflatiðn, single deities almost out-numbering their with (Swa'dha) her who is sus worshippers. One, struck with tained within him. Other than the beauty of the stars, has dehim nothing existed. DarkHess signated them the rulers of heaven there was, this universe was epve and earth; another, astonished at loped with darkness, and was un the splendour of the sun, has distinguishable like waters : but named him a God; another has the mask which was covered by the given that title to the moon for husk was produced by lhe power of her many cherms; another, surcontemplation. First, desire was prised at the extent and beauty formed in his mind, and that be of the firmament, has addressed came the original productive seed, that the deity; another, which the wise, recognising by the amazed at the resplendance of fire, intellect in their hearts, distinguish has worshipped fire as God; and in nonentity or the bond of enti 80 likewise have air, water, and , ty." All this is very vague and the spirits, received adoration. misty iudced, but a recognition Some of the most ancient annoof the Upanishads may, perhaps, tators are indeed of" opinion, that warstili ve traced in them. all these numerous designations are resolvable into the differerit What then ; 'what ,do they titles of Wiree deities, fire, air prove? They prove only that Ve and the sun, and those three dantism is founded on the Veds, names again reso'vable into one. but they do not prove that it is But even if this should be the either the only, or the essential case, what would it prove? Nodoctrine of those stupendous re ihing but a misapplication of incords. . Its pretensions of being genuity on the part of those comthe resolution," or essence of mentators themselves. The worthe Hindu scriptures, are by no ship of the elements and the plameans barne out. We have not nets, as dependent powers, is no the whole eds now before us ; where denied ; on the contrary, but we doubt not, that, when the it is systematically, taught, and labours of our great Orientalists authoritatively enjoined. To what shall have put the worla in posses their names are reducible, in such sion of them, we shall still have a malleable language as the Sansreason to maintain that the reli krit, is of no importance to the gion of the Veds is discordan't question. In the plainest manreligion, and that cvery line of ner the reader is directed to adthem, as Mr. Colebroke has ob dress his prayers to Indra, Agni, served, is replete with allusions Yanxa, Varuna, Rudra, Soma and to mythology. Professor Wilson others, and this is a suflicient redoubts " whether their authors cognition of idolatry to substanentertained any belief in a Creator tiate the fact, that deism is not the or Ruler of the universe," and says religion of the Hindu scriptures. that it does not appear that they The mere admission of there bedid so from any passage hithering a superior God over them all, to met with." Well may he into whose names their names are doubt, who at every new page resolvable, does not wipe away the meets with an invocation to a charge of polytheism ; nor can it (2 ·The Religion of the Vedanta. 389 reconcile the system with sound Veds, it cannot either be denied theology. that it is the best of all beliefs pro- As the Vedanta has been ds. pounded in them, and hence, even rived from the Veds, even so have from the remotest antiquity, it all the doctrines which obtain, or has always counted the greatest have obtained in the country, philcsophers in its train. That been educed. One portion of the its hold on the human heart has Veds is always contradicting never been characterized by any another, and its sacred precepts extraordinary degree of adhesiveare so various in their nature, and ness, is indeed true, for frequent admit of such a variety of inter relapses into idolatry form one pretation, that we read that there of the most notable features in were at one time no less than the history of its development. eleven hundred schools of scrip But if thesc general defections tural knowledge in India, each from the faith were so frequent, interpreting the sybilline texts the revivals of it appear to have according to its bent. The Veds been equally oft recurring, and ad. are nothing but an extensive col vocates seem, never to have been lection of various sorts and frag- wanting to rally round its decaying ments of belief, attempted to be energics, and recal attention to los collated and har nonised into one aspiring principles either in tones uniform system by thei: Brahma' of gentle expostulation, or indignas and their Upanishad. But nant severity. Even in the prean effort to reduce so much insent age, when the resuscitation of congruous inatter into one consissuch a creed was. most unexpecttent theory, though it brought ed, champions have boldy come into play the greatest talents, forward to revive it, openly and could of course never fully suc avowedly preferring it to Chrisceed, and hence contradictions tianity, which has been incessantly stare us in the face at every step. offered for their acceptance. The Hindu philosophers took ad If the year 1828, the.Bruhmu vantage of this. Though wide- Subha of Calcutta was establishly differing from each other in ed by the late Rajah Rammohun their views of religion, we find Roy, for prosecuting the study of them one and all placing them the Vedanta religion, and aiding selves under the protection of the its promulgation; and again, when Veds, each believing himself to be it began to languish after his nearer the truth than his neigh- death, the Tuttobodhini Subha bour, each contending that his sprang into existence, organized system was the only fundamen " by a select party of ten friends," tal teaching of those primor to answer the same end. The dial scriptures. An assumption of coalition of the two Subhas was this natur' on the part of its ad the next step, and, since then, vocates appears to us to be the “ hot a single day passes," we are only basis of the pretensions of told, “-without adding to the the Vedanta to an exclusiveness ranks of the supporters of the in importance and authority. cause," and “the demand for re- But, though it cannot be ad ligious instruction" has become mitted that the Vedanta is the extensive," that the tracts only or essential religion of the and books of the Society are SO ·390 On l'edantism ; or, AN more eagerly soughty for than and exclusively on the Upanithey can be supplied, and "the shad, as the terminating sections meetings of the Bruhmu Suma of the scriptures, throws his anajare are attended by overflowing lysis of scriptural theology, othercongregations." 'To meet this wisc called “the resolution of the spirit of enquiry there is a month- Veds," and heretofore so much in ly newspaper (the Putrika) to disreputę as " the best and most reseminate the doctrines upheld by vered guide" iri religion-at once the society, and Sumages likewise overboard, perhaps as too antihave been founded in any of the quated ando unsound to suit the Mofussil out-stations in Bengal, intellect of the rising generation. on the same principle as the Su It rejects altogether the aid of maj in Calcutta. And lastly, we philosophy in matters of religion, are told that the muster-roll of and affecting to trust implicitly in the Subha counts a goodly array the revelation of the Veds, appeals of bright nares, the names of to them, and them alone, as the influential, and respectable, and only authority of its creed. But talented persons." To a minute though divested of its religious and over-curious cnquirer it may, authority, the Vedanta of Vyasa përhaps, appear that many out still remains a living testimony of of those names, however specula- what Vedantism was in the good tively refined måy be, the men, ald daye of yore. The doctrines are with much greater justice, and dogmas laid down by the reckoned by the knowing priest- compiler of the Veds, were the hood among the most stubborn doctrines and doginas in vogue supporters of popular polytheism with all the earlier Vedantists, But this of course is attributable 'undeniably som -slight differences only to the irreligious nature of excepted, up to the age of Sadathe age, and, making ample al nanda, if rot to a later period. lowance for every such defection, What then? The Bruhmu Suit mayestill be maintained that bha is not bound to follow in their Vedantisır is making rapid pro heels. It becomes, however, negress under the managenient of cessary, if it has swerved from its present conclave. the beaten track, first to cxamine But is the doctrine now pro the cxtent of its departure, then mulgated with such success, and to exhibit its peculiar doctrines, under such happy auspices, iden and finally to determine on what tical with the Vedanta of Vyasa? foundations they rest. This is worth venquiring into. The Vedanta declares the Su- The general notion is, that the preme Ruler to be destitute of system has been altogether recast qualities, the possession of qualiand remodelled by its modern ad ties being considered irreconcilmirers--so much so, that people able with perfection. It allows doubt if, as at present current, him those physical attributes only it be entitled to the same name. which are indispensible to a first The BruhndŞubha unhesitatingly cause, but no other attributes at discards the pbilokophy of Vyasa all. It is true, indeed, it says, as "totally connected with its that the Veds speak of him in diprinciples of belief," and, confer verse places as endued with every ring the name of the Vedanta only quality and particular character, ·mu. The Religion of the Vedanta. 391 but in many more they represent divine næiure, fix the mind unwahim as without forin or quality, veringlyon God, purify the body and “ the latter only is truly ap by incantations and other cercmoplicable, not the former, no. yet nies, and persuade thyself that thou both." The Bruhmu Subha, on and the Deity are one. " The huthe contrary, maintains that God man spirit is distinct from God, acpossesses all qualities, those only cording to orthodox Vedantism, excepted which vacillaie, and only so long as man in his blindchange, and perish. To dress ness entertaiis an idea of self-inhim with these would be, it says, dividuality. But, as soon as he " to liken the atom of a day to acquires intelligence enough to the everlasting." Alas ! it for divest himself of this idea, he at gets that no religion on the face once becomes identified with God. of the earth likens the Creator As pure water dropped into the with his creatures oftener and limpid lake is such as that is," more explicitly than the Vedanta ! so is the soul of him who has at- All spirit, says the Vedanta, is ho tained the perfection of divine mogeneous, and the spirit of God knowledge, the same with Bruhis the same in kind, though not " Let it be known," says equal in degrce, to that of man. Sancaracharjya, in commenting " The whole meaning of the Ve on one of the texts of the Swetadanta is comprised,'' says Sada swatara Upanishad, " that all is nanda, " in this, that Brühmu and the Supreme soul, and soul-less individuated spirits are one." But maya ceases. Let the intimate the Bruhmu Subha discards these conviction be acquired that I am doymas as comprising no parts of , Bruhmu, and the knowledge of its belict. Though Vyasa clearly the divine nature of the soul be lays down in his Sutras, that "all obtained, and maya will cease." life is Bruhmu," and in the Gita The Bruhimu Subha repudiates makes Krishna tell Årjun, “thou the idea that God is uncncumand the princes of the earth never bered with the cares of empirc, were not," our modern Vedantists or sits aloof in a state of proti maintain that the human spirit is found abstraction and uninteraltogether distinct from the divine rupted repose ; and maintains that spirit, and not likc-it, uncreate ; Bruhmu js eternally awake and and this all the while admitting ever watchful, and " is assignthat the school of Vyasa “supporting to all his creatures their restheir opinion by several citations spective purposes," and that by from the Veds !" The Bruhmu The Bruhmu his "inscrutable providence" all Subha denies that a knowledge of “things are tending to ultimate God transforms a man into same, and universal welfare." And ness with the Deity, and thắt the yet it seems to have been the highest objóct of religious medi general belief of the earlier Vetation is w discover that the wor dantists, that God is eternally shipper himself is identical with asleep, or in such a state as to be Bruhmu. But Vyasa and his fol unconnected with the cares of lowers maintained both these be the world ; and Suta alludes to liefs.“ Perform the appointed it in the Suta Upanishad, when ceremonies for subduing the pas- explaining to the sages that the sions, listen to discourses on the universe was produced by maya: 14 VOL. 1.NO. VI. - ·392 On l'edantism ; or, he says, 19 “God being like one by divine wisdom, which howasleep." Beyond the Amplc act ever cannot, exist in the mind of having desired to becoine many, without wholly extinguishing all God never appears in the Vedanta corr.ciousness of outward things in an active character. The Bruh- by meditation on the one Bruhmu Subha states that divine würniu." The Bruhinu Subha mainship consists in the contemplarion tains, that "repentance and the of the moral and natural attributes earnest endeavour to avoid simiof our Creator, airl in the prac lar transgressions, are the only tice of virtue.' But the “pracways of expiating evil deeds ; tice of virtue,'' according to the but the Vedanta does not secm Vedanta, forms no part of the at all to recognise repentance as worship of God, and stands so far of any utility The man who in the way of salvation, that if a practices evil deeds must as sureman should even acquire the ly pass thirough a' loathsome meknowledge of God, who had pre tempsychosis, as he who perviously been iirthe habit of act forms good works will pass ing virtuously, he cannot obtain through a happy transmigration, emancipation till the effect of his unless he performs religious ausworks is worn out ; that is, till he terities and atonements, (which has enjoyed the rewards of his have very little affinity with "rey virtuous actions, for “the arrow pentånce, and the earnest endeawhich has been shot completes its vour to kviid siinilar transgresflight, nor falls till its speed is sions,") to annul his crimes ; or spent ; and the potter's wheel, good works to cancel them, on once set in motion, whirls till the the same principle as debts are velocity which has berp commu re-paid by obligations. In alludnicated to it is exhausted." Vice ing to tl.e duties we owe to ourand virtue, the Vedanta récog- selves, the Bruhmu Subha menniscs alike among the illusions of tions, that our appetites and maya; and salvation is held out passions" should be held “under only to Irizn who has “ torn asun due restraint and control," and der all the bonds of delusion." " the better class of affections" Knowledge of God which leads kept in proper exercise ; but the to absorption," says the Cutho Vedanta, on the contrary, main- Upanishad,"is one thing, and tains that they should all be works which have only fruition annihilated and extirpated by for their object another." It is him who wishes for liberation. not necessary, for the Vedantist, Finally, the Bruhmu Subha main- (believes the Brahmu Subha) to tains that God created the world lead a life of inactivity and apa- ; put of nothing, but none of the thy, or to sacrifice his social affec earlier Vedantists ever disputed tions in seeking a knowledge of the correctness of the dogma that God ; but the doctrines upheld nothing can come dit of noby Vyasa and his disciples require thing." Matter they all believed a total renunciation and forgetful was but an illusory modification ness of the world as imperatively of spirit-of the "one without a necessary to the attainment of second." beatitude ; for, заув The peculiar doctrines of the beration is to be obtained only Bruhmu Subha may, therefore, ? the text, " li·o that The Religion of the Vedanta., 393 be thus summed up. It believes Upanishad,'ca can afford, to apologise in the existence of a Supreme for such garing innovations; and Ruler, hedged with superlative they are, for the most part, very and infinite attributes. It believes imbecile friends. The possession that he is altogether distinct from of infinite attributes and superother existences, and not essen lative qualities by Bruhmu is, for tially the same with any of them. instance, vindicated by such texts It believes that no knowledge, as "lle who is truth, intelligence however vast, no rectituue, how and infinity, is Bruhmu ; and ever grout, can transfērni a human Hle, by whom the birth, exisspirit into sameness with the Deity. tence and annihilation of the Such knowledge and such virtue world are regulated, is the Subeing competent only to elevate preme Beiny." His distinctness him to a state of supreme felicity from other existences, or, rather, resembling that of the Creator. from the human spirit, is also at- It recognises God in the light of tempted to be proved by such a provident father, ever watchſul, texts as two birds, frienils and and so regulating the whole cre co-habitants, reside unitedly in ation by inscrutable means, as one trec, &c." and “human spito make every thing tend to rit is not God." And his wintaltimate and universal welfare." fulness and providence, again, are And his worship is stated to con vindicated by the text, sist in devout contemplation, and being, who, while all creation the practice of "active virtues." sleeps, is ever watchful, and wlio Repentance is also pointed out dispenses to all creatures the dito sinners as a sufficient expiation wersified objects of desire, is infor crime, and directions are comparably pure, and the great, given to all, to purify their pas est of beings.” And so on of the sions and inclinations, instead of rest But these are isolated pasannihilating thein for ever. sages only; and, i'urther, not all This short summary, if we of them to the point, nor suffihave herein depicted the belief ciently clear and decision to their of the Bruhmu Subha aright, con verdict to ignore the authority of dains, we believe, the sun total those numerous texts, which upof its departure from the faitlp of hold the orthodox notions, that the earlier Vedantists ; and it Brulimu is destitute of qualities, cannot be denied, that, by this homogeneous in spirit with other deviation, it has materially im beings, apathetic in nature, desproved the original creed. But titute of passions, &c. the foundations on which the im sages taken out at random, but provements made by it rest are, the spirit and drift of the whole of course unsound. Most of the Upanishads, support the dogmas doctrines ar pear to have been entertainesPby Vjasa and his fol. borrowed from Christianity. But lowers ; and texts whiclı appear the Bruhmu Subha daros not to sustain contrary notions, can acknowledge the theſt; and its only be regarded as contradictory appeals to the Upanishads for statuinents of little or no validity. support, are, at the sainc time, It must also be remembered, that not zealously responded to. A tlfe Brulinu Subha interprets all few detached texts are all the doubtful texts with the help of Not pas- ·394 On Vedantism ; for scences 6 modern philosophy, 'hus freof IIindu glory, and quently giving to them different anxious to set up a plausible rival constructions than Vyasa or San to Christianity. caracharjya, in their ages of li kut the rival thus set up to mited knowledge, kad the peyer Christianity has many drawbacks to conceive, or the courage to to acceptance which do not seem adopt. Points which never struck to have been well weighed by its them as important, or were left enthusiastic adinirers. We do not in the shade as ufiorthodox, at urge theſe now, under any imcording to the notions of their pression of being able to reclaini times, are now proininently held any of them from their beliel"; up ; while those on which they but, as our colleges and schools principally confided, are often are daily givity out frosh sets of wholly set aside as too futile for reformers to the country, we are an age like the present. On the anxious that these, having eyes, one hand the Subha allots unduc should see, and having ears, importance to ccrtuin isolated should hear. It is not our purtexts and passages which favor its pose here to preach Christianity views of the subject, and, on the to them ; we leave that responotlar it, glosses over the rest in a sible task to the ministers of the manner the best calculated to ac Gospel. But we have a few worden cord with its design. Its appeal to speak against the Vedanta, to the Veds is after all but a and we would lain deliver them mere cloak of orthodoxy, and it is at once, and have, done. pretty plain that the select party The Brulumu Subha believes often friends," who organised thes in the revelation of the Veds, and society in 1839, did so with pre ro did the earlier Vailantists. formed, notions on religion in But nutely that revelation has bibed from other sources than not yet been proved. There are those venerated by their Rishees ; no data even to fix the age of the and that, actuated by an excus Hindu 'scriptures, nor any collathe parity for home-spun ma teral testimony to show to wliom, nufacture, they have since then when, and where they were reexercised their efforts only to re vealed. The tradition respecting concile, by every means in their their divine Hirth, which is immepower, and every sort of interpre- morially current in the country, tation they could hazard, by se has been urged by the Bruhmu lecting, rejecting, and remodelling Subha in place of historical evitheir texts, the Shastras of their dence, on the plea that in all councountry, with their pre-formed tries, immemorial tradition is the notions. The enlightened youths founylation of ancient history. of the age, who have since rallied True indeed. But, in the first round the standard of the Bruh- place, it is not every tradition that mu Subha, and augmented its is 'so taken up at hap-hazard to numerical strength from ten to supply the place of authentic narsome buxdịcds, appear likewise rative; and the Bruhmu Subha to have done so from mistaken should remember, that the authofeelings of patriotism ; identifying rity to which it appeals, as comthe doctrines upheld by that memorating the divine parentage society with the proved remini- P of the Veds, records likewise, as ·The Religion of the Vedanta. 395 But pure, facts, divers other things of such driſt andy tendency, the reasonwild and extravagant character, ableness and cogency of the docas no man in the exercise of rea trines taught in them." So inson and common sense may adinit, deed do thc Muhammadans refer as for instance, the existence of their adversaries to the intrinsic mountains of solid gold and silver, mtrits of the Koran, mistaking its anıl of seas of liquid anber, of unineaning rhapsodies for the clarified butter, milk, curds, and dicta of heaven. If the princithe intoxicating liquors! In the ples of morality inculcated in the second place it must be remem Veds had been invariably sound, hered, that this same tradition, if the theology therein laid down thus appealed to, attributes the had been consistent and correct, paternity of the Vads to Bruhmu we might have been disposed to bimself, mentioning that they attach great weight to a reference issued direct and entiro out of his to those scriptures themselves, mouth; while the Veds themselves, and might have cren considered on the contrary, in many places the want of historic proof amply bear positive evidence that they compensated for, in their case, by are the works of human hands. their moral excellence; although, Thus, for 'instance, the Sanhitas as a general rule, it would be profess only to be a collection of nadness to admit that cither hymns and payers, addressed to cogency of doctrine, or beanty different gods by diffetent Rishees of style, is any proof of the divine named therein, each in his res paternity of a book. pective prayer. Immemorial tra unadulterated thcology, occupies dition also declares the writ to be but a limited place in the Veds. coeval with the creation, and eter It is only to be occasionally met nal; but the proof of their human with in the Upanishads, and they, origin just cited, shows also that far from being the principal porthic prayers must have been sub tion of the Vcds, as some have scquent to the birth of the Rishees contended, are suspected, on who composed them, and not the strong presumption, we be addi- Rishces subsequent to the age of tional works tacked up with the the prayers. Names of other original scriptures,' long after the philosophers and theologians also cra when the Sanlitas had birth. occur in them, and several persons The worship inculcated by the of royal birth are likewise men Sanhitas was altogether without tioned, whose names occur in the a system. It had only the poctry mythic history of India. The of religiour without its philosophy, Brulmu Subha, as a set off to and the best scholars are unanithis argument, maintains, that hy mous in opinion, that the philocalling the Veds eternal, it is only sophical and preceptive parts of meant that they record eternal the scriptures are supplementary truths, und by urging that they to the mythological portions. are revelations, simply that they “ The prayers," says Mr. Colewere written by inspiration. It brooke," are properly tlie Veds, then at once appcals to the Veds and apparently preceded the themselves as bearing the best in Brahmanas ;" which owed their ternal evidence of their divine • origin nost probably to somo character, and refers us to "the great master-ninds, the lights of . 0 ·396 On Vedantism ; or, sense. Coll- " Rain those dark ages, who, sitempted for instance, its errors in physioby them, and more especially by logy. Of nourishment, it says, means of the Upanishads appendcorn and other terrene food ed to them, to harmonize the more becéme flesh ; but the coarser primitive, foolish and inconsistant particles are rejected, and the finer doctrincs, as much as they could nourisit the mind. Water is conbe harmonized, with common verted into blood, the coarser par- If the Upanishads had ticles are rejected, and the finer existed alone, we might have support tlfe breath. Oil, and other been tempted to admito what the combustible substances deemed Bruhmu Subha claims for the igneous, become marrow, the whole l'eds, that they record the courser particles form the bonc, eternal truths of religion ; with and the finer stipply the faculty this proviso, that our beliet would of speech.” Witness also ils erstill be, that the truths so rors in natural philosophy. “The tained were but fragmental, mu sun is born of fire,” in the moon tilated and garbied, wd worked is born of the sun, up with crror----much of goud comes from the moon, Lightniixed with more of nonsense and niny comes of rain." And again, folly but as the Veds now stand, " the liberated soul passes along a large, heterogeneous mass, of a suun-beam from the moon to the which one part will lot bear head,' through various regions, to to be reconciled with another, the sun, thence to the moon, from in which one section is replete the moon to the region of lightwith higli-sounding prayers and uing--from the region of lightinvocations to the heavenly host, ning to the realın of Varuna (the angther with prescriptions of region of the rain-cloud,)--thence childish rites and sacrilices, an to the reaim of dudra, and from other with incantations for avert thence to the abode of Prajaputi." ing danger, and procuring the Passages recording notions equaldestruction of enemies, and 232 ly false, puerile and absurd resmetterer with sucipes for the adoration pecting reography and astronoof that God who is declared to be my, can also be referred to. one without a second, bearing no Will not a recognition of the teformi, and having no qualitics, -as velation of the Veds, under such the Veds now stand, it is impossi circumstances, be tantamount to ble for any rational man, calm, accusing the Deity of such ignodispassionate and unprejudiced, to , rance, as even a school-boy oi the read in their intrinsic merits any age would be ashamed of? Or proofs of revelation or sacred in must we adopt the inconsistent spiration. As a whole they are alternative, that the religious prcutterly worthless ; nor can cepts of the Veds are divine -- judge of them by parts, 'without their scientific problem-false ? breaking down their pretensions. Its sufference of idolatry is There are, bosides, other ditti another insuperable objection to culties in the way of roteiving the Vedanta religion, in any of Vedantism as a divine revelation; its phases, being adopted as a rewe * Opposed to this text, again, is that which says " Prajaputi gave his daughter Surya Sivitie tu doma the King."

·The. Religion of the Vedanta. 397 a razor. velation. We have admitted ere incapable pf propounding a docnow that the Upanishads do as trine plain enough at once to sert and vindicate the existence the humblest and the highest con. of one great universal self-exis ception ? A tissue of lies and tent God, and that they speak errprs for the ignorant, and God of his physical attributes with the author of it! The defenders profound admiration, and thrilling of Vedantism contend, that idolacloquence. But is this glowing try is only enjoined as something admission of monotheisz a sutli like a concession to the wants, cient counterpoise for the idolatry and not as a prescription for the they simultaneously inculcate ? beatitude of the multitude. But Are clashing claims of other gods, the pure God is assuredly not however dependen: they may be, capable of making eveu a concesreconcilcable with those of a Su sion of such sort, and of promulpreme Creator ? Idolatry is false, gating falsehood even for furthersays the Vedanta, but yet neces ing the cause of truth. It also sary for those unfortunate men deserves to be noticed, that in who are incapable of elevating the Upanishads themselves, it is their minds to sublimer doctrine's. maintained that the knowledge of The worship of the celestial gods God can be acquired but by few, has been inculcated only for the for its attainment is as difficult as sake of the vulgar, that they may a passage-over, the sharp edge of not be altogether dcstitute of re- "A few amongst ten ligious principles. But inculcated thousand mortals," says also the by whom?--not by men. Oh no! Gita, "strive for perfection, and It has the same paternity as thc but a few of those who strive and Vedanta itself; it has a place in become perfect know me according the Veds !-it comes dircetly from to my nature." Is it possible that God! Onc may well be surpris- for such a select few of philosoed that God should thus be re- phers, God, the supreme maker of presented as recognising an aristo- the whole universe, the father of cracy in religion, prescribing one all his creatures, should have contre faith for the wise man, and another mitted the great mass of mankind •for the ignorant, and these too thic to the mercy of a multifarious while diametrically opposed to polytheism ? As for idolatry serveach other. The Bruhmu Subha ing to prepare men's minds for says, " The ways of the Creator those trains of thought which lead are the ways of simplicity," and to religion and morality, or, as " the mercy of God is as surely the Bruhmo Subha so happily exuniversal as that he is the father of presses it, as sa ladder to rise by all creatures." Why then does it degrees to the worship of the believe that this God, somerciful, Hight lights,” it is just as posand whose ways are so simple, sible, we suppose, as for dissipashould reveal a religion so meta tion and excess to restore an exphysical as to be above the com hausted constitution to its prisprehension of ordinary minds, and tine vigor and health. How, by be thus compelled to frame an what steps, can a man come to other for the vulgar, and that the idea of a God just in his laws, other, a tissue of lies and errors ? wise iņ his purposes, and benevolent in his dispensations, by think- Are we to suppose that God was ·398 Place thy Trust in 'Gld. ing of him as an incestipus being debase the human mind, and it and an adulterer ? By what steps is altogether impossible that God can a man form a correct notion should have ever so far forgotcven of the Vedantist's Bruhmu, ten' his own benevolent nature by the worship, for instances of as to have enjoined it to any Yanna, who, in the Rig Ved, is portion of his creatures, howmentioned as endeavouring toʻse ever obtuse might have been duce his twin-sister Yamuna, and their ittellect, and however disis only deterred from fulfilling eased their minds. The alliance his incestuous inclinations by her of Vedantism with idolatry, thereearnest expostulations ; or by the fore, so far as it does exist, is worship of Indra, who is every in itself sufficient to disprove where mentioned as keeping a all its pretensions to a divine zenana after the fashion of Orien- origin. It strikes at once at the tal sovereigns? It is the very root, for ii annihilates the aathonature of idolatry to degrade and rity of the Veds. 'PLACE THY TRUST IN GOD. o (From the French of Victor IIugo.) Since, our days are full of aching, Full of trouble, grief, and fear : Since we sce around us breaking, All the ties that bind us here ; Since our forefathers have perished, Treading where we too must tread : Since our children, loved and cherished, Sleep þefore us with the dead; C co Since we hasten to Earth's bosom, Drenched alrcady with our tears : Sinct in dust are root and blossom, 'And alone the stem appears ; Since the loved and lost Be calling, With one voice, to us aloud : Since, o'er each fond memory falling, Vapours all the past enshroud ; $ince, when most our laughter rife is, Most o'erflows our sense of pain : Since a hollow cup our life is, Which we cannot fill, nor drain ;

·Place thy Trust in God. 399 } Since, as wc go on advancing, Darker still the shadows grow Since she l'uture's false romancing Can cajole no longer now ; Since the dial in its souhding, Holds no hope of brighter change : Since the forms, our path surrounding, Unfamiliar arc, and strange ; Place thy trust in God! Confiding Not in transient bliss below: 'Neath these waves no pearls are hiding,- Not by this track shalt thou go! Seaward come, some night, when o'er us, Neither nioon, nor planets, shine :- Dark as yon leaven is Death before us, Life as bitter as the brine ! Ne'er hath been to human cye lent Siglet, the Future's gloon to break ;. God math charged it to be silent, Till the day all things shall speak. 3 Men have tried, but fathomed never That far-rolling, shoreless Sea, Mortal eyes, with vain endeavour, Striven to scan Iminensity ! As for thee, oh lonely-hearted ! Sad young mourner o'er the past ! Weep not idly hopes departed, Only pray for peace at last! Go! while other bright ones hover Round thce, raise those haunting eyes From the Earth our toinb-stones cover To our Spirit-home the skies on B. VOL. 1.NO. VI.

·[100] LIND) ENSTOWE.. А TAl. El "SERESE will be our days, and bright, And happy, all our nature se, When lile is an amung light, sind joy its owu suunity.' WORDSWORTH. BAOK THE SECOND. CILAPTUR J. Neil. • Best DAN II csjon), in the com And you must acknowledyc witlo mencement of his " Works and Dr. Arnold, that there is a subli- Days," tells us that on carth there mity in London, like that of the arc'Two Striles going on evermore. mountains and the luto The first is that evil strife, alas! this city of the sccond strife we for humanity, not yet out of fa must penetrate, for my scene is shion; that old, foolish, hateful laid there, in the parlour of a public strile-War. The second is the house, in a principal street of the striſe of industry, the bustle, the far East. l.mediately opposite encrgy, the struggle of com was a large Theatre, whose doors petition. Truly may London however were now closed, for it be called the city of the se was half-past ek-ven at night, and cond strile. Go" forth into her, the performance was over. The streets, those arteriel through floor of the little room was sanded which the thick torrent of her life and plentifully studded with spitis ceaselessly rushing ; look not toons. Allised to the walls were indeed for proud dome, for rich various card's, announcing Inifacade, or lotty colomade, nor yet mitable “Ciinger Beur, far twistedschimney, quaint galle, bottled Ale," “ British Brandy," or picturesque lattice; listen not and the like. On a side table for the pleasant sound of falling stood a red tin rack for clay pipes, waters, or for the breeze rustling and a brass fox which could not through lime avenues, aud bearing be opened unless a penny was with it the faint tones of inusic forced into one of its compartand song; but regard you the, ments through a little slide, but titanic configurations of indus which, when opened, was found trial brick; contemplatctheinighty to contain shag tobacco. masses as they trong by you, round table in the middle of the look at the troubled forchcads (forroom a group of six were discussindustry is a strife): selt how the ing Welsh rare-bits with considermillion struggles for money, far ablo relish. reputation, for liſer listen to the There was a well made young solemn murmurs, for what'strects man, and a stout, middle-aged send forth in such degree ? man, a bow-legged gentleman, and a youth about seventeen, with Les brgits majestueux qui roulent Du sol 'orageux des cités. red hair. These four had pale At a LAMARTINA punhealthy complexions ; they none ·Tøndenstowe-A Tale. 401 the way of them allowed any hair to grow “ There's more certain inforon their faces, and the bow-leg mation probably," interposed the ed gentleman in consequence, little lame man, “about your dain having an exreedingly stiff board, than your sire.” Mr. Collins (such presented the appearance of blue was the stout gentleman's name) checks and chin. They were being himself a wag, turned round shabbily but jauntily dressed, upon the last speaker on hearing white seams contrasting with vel this, and striking his thumb-nails vet trimmings, and dirty shirt together in applausc, said "Good ! fronts with exceedingly splendid, Gascoigne, my boy, I owe you ono if not valuable, studs. The fiſti for that." of the party was short and lamc; he had a great deal of hair, and The rcader will not require to turni dowii Collars. His coulbe told that some of the compatenance was striking ;' the fore ny were members of the dramahead was high, and thu eyes tic profession. They were embright and dark, but his expres ployed at the Royal British orer sion was haggard and troubled ; Mr. Bannister Douglas and he looked ill and imhappy. was the walking gentleman, Mr. The sixth Welshi rarc-bit cater Collins played old men with a was Allan llescott. very choleric voice, and a walking Do:llas, iny boy'," observed stick: thubowolegredinan, by prothe stout niddle-ayedoman to fession & clown, was now engaged the tail young one, you were in the eccentric line of business ; at your petty larrcpies again to whilst the red-haired youth was night ; have I not told invaluable in rustic servants, im. thousand times, when I play the pertinent ostlers, obfuscated wait- Admiral, vire ine plenty of el ers, and representations of a simibow rooni; don't answer me sharp; lar nature. The lame inan was let me have a pause! expectation Crascoigne ; he iind no Christian is then raised in the audience, namic, or at least never used it; and when I bring in the nautical he was a playwrighttached the "damn"-why gad, sir, it must the Theatre, and was thoroughtake, because it's a stroke of' na ly up in blue fire, daggers, deture developed by it. I'd sponer nions, encou.stris, escapes, ruffihave that word, sir, than hall thic ans, robbers, and thunder and hits the part. It's wliat I call lightning. Still though employed fat.' on such meretricious material, he Mr. Douglas, who was rather was not without much ingenuity, a testy young gentleman, replied, and occasionally a bright, almost “You may have as much ruoni a beautiful thought would flash as you like ; I don't want to hurry amongst his trunpery and tinsel. you: how was I to know about your Rare-bits weredlow over, and spidamn ?' rits and smoking had coinmenced, “ Bannister Douglas," said the when in came mine host, the landother, “to make things comfort lord, a very stout person, with able in social life, I have habitu light hair and soft blue eyes, and ated myself to never contradict of extremely stolid deportment. ing any one, but you did know As he was a notcd vocalist, he was about my danın." immediately called upon for a you a 6 ) ·402 Lindenstowe Tale. song : a requisition to fwhich he one. Suddenly, however, after an appeared to pay no attention unusually prelonged whiff, he burst whatever, but sat down quictly, out into á strain, the words of smoking his pipe, without speak - which were soinething as foling to, or even looking at any lows: COLE" OF COLCHESTER. OH those were the days to live in then, When the rood King Cole was King of men; He wrote on his pennies " Ubique Pax," And he never laid on an income tax. Oh! those were, etc. Says the King of France, “Will yor fight, Sir Cole ?" No," said he, “that I wont, 'pon my soul; It's'all very well for the Kniglıts in steel, But plaguy fun for the cominon wcal." Oh! those were, etc. 66 " But I'll drink," quoth Cole, " for better far Is a hout of wine, than a bout of war, a So have with you, lad, and, 5y-the-lyo, Wilt smoke a pipe of my new bird's-eye ?" Oh! those were, ctc. Then they put their sceptres behind the door, And they rolled their or's long the floor, And they hung their crowns on thë' royal hat pegs, And sat'themselves down with folded legs. Oh! those were, etc. And a merry bout they had that night; But the King of France, his head grew light, So whilst 'neath the table he takes repose, Cole, with a burnt cork, clouds his noses Oh! those were, etc. Each time that the chorus. in his florid face, nor a twinkle came round, mire host put his shook his Saxon eye when he was pipe into his niouth again, and not actually engaged in singing left his audience to get through kimself, and at the end he neither that portion of the song by them- smiled, for in any way acknowselves. Not a Luscle changed ledged the applause. * I do not insist upon the historical character of this monarch: he may however perhaps be safely placed in the same category with King Lud and others. Of Lud, an ancicnt writer (John Harding, armiger) saith, “Lud, King of Britain, builled from London stone to Lud gate, and called that part Lud's town; and after by process, was called London, by turning of tongnoo. Thus eaally does theory supply itself with facts. But Ludgate means the *Gate of the People," from the Saxon "Leod," which the writer of "Ariana Hodierna" will have no dificulty in identifying with our lodian word "106," or with the Greek leðs.

·Lindenstowe-A Tale. 403 The huin of conversation rose was—"No, but I didn't," and when again, but was presently inter this was pronounced, No-but I rupted by the loud anunciation did'lth" the satisfaction was geof the single word "Buffin," by ncral. It then remained for the which it was known that the land red, haired youth to favor the lord had called upon the bow-leg- company with a Virginian meloged gentleman, who answered lo dy, and as it would require a muthat name, for a song. 'Mr. Buf sicalcritic of greater powers than fin of course acquiescel, and of the present writer possesses, to fered a comic perforınance, which, give an outline of, or in any way as it purported to be the mono describe acomposition of that sort, logue of a person suffering from suffice it to say for the words, severe cold, wis embellished that they alluded in some way to with much sneezing, snufHing, a Racoon, and that the chorus was coughing, and other synptoms of as follows : catarrh. The refrain of the song “Clear the kitchen, old folk, young folk Clear the kitchen, old folk, young folk, Old Virginny never tire." а For the tune, it was one of “ I know you were on your way those many pretty airs which to America, and the ship caught have emigrated across seas from fire ; that's all." Scotland and Ireland, and got "Well,"continued Ilescott," it allied in some wild place, to the was a beautiful evening, about grotesque humour of the New sunset, and we hoped to be in port World. in a day or two, but the wind was Aſter this, Mr. Douglas, Mr. very slack, and the voyage alto- Collins and the youth, went out, gether had been a slow one. I the landlord also silently disap was sitting aft, near the man at peared, and Ilescott and Gas the wheel, reading a book, when coiync were left alone, with the suddenly a loud shout made me exception of the clown, who had look forward : there I saw the stew. gone to sleep in his scat, (after ard rush up from a hatchway, on his cold,) and whose head was deck, and running in a mad way rolling about over the back of the to the side, jump right over into chair as if it was loose. He was a sud drunken Hescott," said the little man, dog, and I supposed for a moment "you have often promised to tell he was taken with frenzy. Imme the story of your shipwreck, mediately after, however, there and so on. I belicve you'vt got yas a cry of “Fire ! fire !" and some very strange tales, and they blueish Hames burst out of the might give me a hint, you know, hatchway where the steward had for the Theatre." come up: A peculiar smell also “ The tales are strange enough, was perceptible, that gave you a certainly," replied Alban, “and I suffocating feeling. “God in heawill tell you them, if you like; ven!" said the steersman, “it's the but let us see; how much do spirits." There was the greatest you know already !" 'tumult on deck: in utter bewilderthe sca.

·404 Lindenstore-.4 Tale ment I sat 8:11. Two lqds, white tainty. I sat down in despair. with fear, ran up near me, and I remembered having stood and lowering a boat, were getting over watched tlıp carpenter in the morninto it, when I jumped up, and ingl painting up this very boat, joined them. I cannot tell now, and moving everything out of it why I did this ; it was partly for the purpose. The sun set: confusion, partly from some value the gloom of the evening culino notion that these lads were obeyover the sea. Far away against ing orders, and that I could help the sky, the “ Nautilus" blazed them. The sea was very calmı, up in vast spires of flamo. I could but there was a strong current, hear the rodring and crackling and in a moinent we fell oft' some still; at length came an explosion, way from the ship. and the great leap of fire fel sud- ** Look hore, Bill,' said one of denly away to a glowing line the lads to the other, pointing into above the waters, and soon that the boat, liere's a pretty busi too disappeared. I've lived with ness.' The otlrer looked for an loosc fellows you know, Gascoyne, instant, and they then both jump and led a rackety sort of a life, cd overboard, and swain back to drink and all that, but I am not wards the ship. For a second I so far gone as not to know what could not think what they were a night on the sea alone with one's doing, but it was only - for a se God is. I do not want to be senticond. There was nothing in the mental, afickthat sort of thing, but boat; no oars, no rudder, no any I shall never forget it as long as I thing. I threw off my coat and live! I felt quitu calm, just like hat, and was just preparing to fol what a person feels when he is low the example of the loys, when getting better from a bad illness ; I'heard a thick voice calling for but still I sat staring awake the help. It was the unhappy stew whole night, without any intimaard. Ile was a wretched swim tion of sleep or fatigue. And I mer, and could make no head think in one posture; for I reagainst the current. As I had no member when I did move that I command over the boat, the ef was perfectly stiff and numbed. forts were all on his part, still I Shortly after daybreak a ship hove remained to help him, if he could in sight; 1 stod up and waved my manage to let himself go with the hat; they saw the signal, lay to, current, and use his remaining and sent out a boat, which took strength only to direct himself. mine in tow, and so I was saved. But he was fuddled and exhaust 1 shall remember the next two days ed, and could manage nothing, till I die, what a terror I was in at and I saw his great red face, poor thinking of my escape ! I could wretch, go quietly under the speak'of'nothing else, and I dreamt water in a very short time. I of it all night. The ship was an think I saw his hand come up American whaler bount for the a minute or two after one hand Pacific. Well, I was too glad of -but fan not sure. There was my lifo to regret much that I must no use jumping overboard now ; go whale fishing with them. the ship was too far off, and Lold all my story to the Captain, with such a current, I should and he agreed to look after me have been drowned to a cer properly, for half the sum of mo- 1 ·Mindenstre-A Tale. 405 ncy I told him I had in America, trunks of the trees. '1 was in a provided I would make myself very bad temper, and at last I useful on board. All went on said to myself, --They have been comfortable enough as long as 'the taking great liberties with me skipper kept his temper, but he lately: I will just take a liberty was a fellow that took dislikes, and with them; I won't go back to the one day he quarrelled, with me ship to-niglit, but will keep them about some little watter, and ever waiting a bit. So on I trudged up after that he kept annðying ine the hills, whefe I amused inyself in every way. The first mate, till nightfall, shooting and admirwho was a lick-trencher sort of a ing the scenery. I had got some chap, took his cue from the Cap biscuits, and a spirit flask with tain, and was very rude too. me; so when it grew dark, I I'm not going to tell you about established myself in il sma corthe whale fishing; you may read ner, protected by a rock, where I that in a book* if you like. I must eat my frugal dinner, and went to go on to a strange thing that hap- sleep. pered to mysell. We had been “I awoke up at inidnight; the cruising off the Bay of Panama beautiful sky, the last thing my for a couple of months, when our eves had closed upon, was gone; water getting bad, we steered thick masses of heavy black cloud Westerly for Cocos isind, to get a covered tlit hovens, and I heard fresh supply. I borrowed a gun the wind roaring through the when we anchored off the Island, trees with the madness of a troand went on shore with the first pical tempest. The next mornmate and the watering gangs. ing I attempted to find my way Something unplcasant occurred be back to the beach ; it was the tween iyself and the mate, and lie wildest scene ever beheld. called me a very bad name. My mighty branches were stripped off blood was up, and as soon as the trees, clean and clear by main landed, I managed to take him aside forec of the wind ; the earth was by himself, and then and there strewed with leaves and battered gave him the best thrashing I had flowers ; the water-falls were got hy me, and I expect it was the blown about like so much smoke. best he had ever had. I knew When I got to the shore it was one there would be a great row about mingled scene of spray and foam, this, and feeling some little alarm and mist, through which I could at what I had done, I walked off sce nothing, and dcafened by the towards the interior of the island. surf and the thunder, for it thun- It was a most bcautiful spot : clear dered the whole time, I stood water fell in sparkling cascades perfectly aghast, not knowing from the rock; the hills, which rosc Whether the ship was there or on all sides, were thickly wooded, not. whilst the rich green of the foli “ The storm lasted all day ; at age was diversified by the briglit night I returned to my retreat, and brilliant colors of the tropi and slept soundly from the excal parasites, which festooned the haustion of battling all day with I we * If the reader has any curiosity also, about Whale Fishing, allow me to recommend worthy Dr. Cuwiter's Voluincs lo the Pacific, from wbich I hare borrowed, iu bonic palt, of this story.

·I can to see, 406 Lindenstowe-A Tale. the wind. 'i'he next morning the I lived for nearly four years with storm still continued. "Perhaps that old gentleman, and he died in see better from 'higher my arms. He told his whole stoground" I said ; I fought my way ry before he died, and I found I up to the summit of the island. had been keeping company all Still I could see nothing. There along .with a celebrated person. was a lake on this elevated spot, He has friends living, and thercand in sauntering round this fore I never mean to bring his thinking what I should do, I was name forward in public, nor in very much astonishier! short ever mention it to a soul. what looked like a hut or cot But if any one had seen what he tage. I went up to it, and found suffered in his sleep, and at other a door, closcd, indeed, but without times, it would have been quite latch. It yielded to pressure, and enough to make them think twice, I found myself in a small cham before they yielded to temptation. ber, hung round with a gun and Jlc had cominitled a crime: he bows and arrows, and two cutlass was a banker, and in a commercial es; and containing a few articles crisis he forged, and there were of furniture which were very clcan bloody laws in those days, and, but of the rudest construction. by gad! if they didn't take and An elderly man was asleep in one hany him: don't laugh ; I've seen corner, covered with a cloak; his the mark finy times ; I repeat, countenance was foreign in feature he was hinged, but thanks to rich but not unpleasing in expres relations, corrupt, functionaries, sion. I went in, and leaning over and galvanisin, he got over it. He him, touched him very gently. He . fled to Rio, but his conscience wokeimmediately, and starting up, came after him, and he went on to said, "This is not British territory, Valparaiso, awl it dogged hiin you cannot drag me from the is there too: at last, he took to ('qland." Then recovering himself cos Island, and he slept very poorin a moment, he asked me who I ly there even, and I believe he is was, and begged me to sit down now in the only peaceful slumber on & settle, which was appa he ever had after he wrote the rently of his own manufacture. false words. After I had told my story, he "You word not have thought begged me to stay with him till that there was much in common the storm abated, as there could between a young fellow like me, be no communication with the and an old man, whose hopes had ship in the present state of things. all left him, and who was burden- I was not sorry to eat, and I ed with something on his mind; stayed all day, and slept in a cor but I did not believe I could ner of the hut at night. The have felt'anything as I did his next morning the wind went down, death. As soon as I was sure and we descended together to the he was dead, I carried him as he shore. But no ghipnot a ves was, a long way from the hut, tige of her, and I have never scen and buried him. I never went her again. I'm making a long story near his grave after : I did not of this, but it was a strange busi know but what some animal ness.. Well, there was nothing to might disturb him ; (there were be done but bear my misfortunes. hogs on the island ;) and I dare not ·Lįndenstowe- A Tale. 407 think of any outrage to his poor Lattimer had called atdhe British remains. But, by gad ! it shows Flag Tavern in the evening, and we are all brothers in reality, was very cordially received by when two felloys come to live in Alban, who came up with a gligan island, and one diestening cye, and his fine counte- No," interrupted Gascoigne, nance bronzed with sun, and at calmly, but determinately, “we that-time considerably heightenare not brothers." ed in color by potations. He in- "Well, I think we aren' conti sisted upon Mr. Lattimer drink. nued Hescott, “though some peo ing with himp, called that gentleple do not go on much as if we man a "jolly cock," and at length were, certainly, but how lonely I disclosed to him with great glee, was without the old man ! If any as he took a handful of sovereigns thing would have spoken I could out of his pocket-" Got all these have been easy, but it was all at Loo last night." When the mute nature around me. I had time for parting came, Alban a favorite goat, and I was coward made many protests against Mr. enough to strike it one day be Lattimer "shirking his liquor," cause it could not speak, but the sent a kiss to Eva, and wound up silence was maddening. Then I with a long and violent shake of began to long for ships, and look the hand. Mr. Lattimer Teft the out for them, and it last one house, determined never again morning, about six mcaths after in any way to communicate with the old man died, a vessel came Alban. And from this obstinate for water. Tho watering party resolution doggedly adhered to, were surprised enough to see me: a fatal misunderstanding arose ; however they took me on board, for Alban would have gone to and as it was an English whaler America, if he had known what going home, why I came back one word from Mr. Lattimer finally to old Albion.". After this could have informed him, that narration, Alban proceeded to the €450 was still in Mr. Etegive an account of how Mr. son's hands, and at his disposal. Lattimer had behaved to him But Alban did not know this, since his return, but as it was and stayed in London. When rather a garbled statement, I Hescott's narration was quite shall perhaps be able to relate finished, Gascoyne thanked him what occurred with more imparti- very much for it, and declared ality. When Mr. Lattimer heard that there were poiuts about it. from Eva the fact of Alban's re particularly suited for the stage. turn, as well as the account of * But I think," said he," the old their early attachment ;-for Eva, iman wants coloring. Forgery, was too broken down to with yorul 'know, is not strong enough hold any part of the story from for our public; I should feel inher father, and gladly relieved her clined if I dramatized the story mind by pouring her tale of love to put Thurtell in his place, or into his ear ;- he went up to some body of that kidney." The London at once, determined to narration of biographical events push off Hescott again for the is very contagious; and little Gag- New World. Their interview took coigne having partaken rather place at an unlucky time. Mr. freely of spirits, began to hint at VOL. 1.-No. vi.

·408 Lindenstowe- A l'ale. “ You a and scenes in this own life. say all men are brothers," said he, “ but Hescott, my boy,“it is not the fact; there is no brotherhood nor kindness among men. They build up a thing called society, and what it is for ? to give the great power in addition to their riches, and to prevent the poor from vindicating their rights. Look here at me ; what do I owe society? My mother was courtezan, my father must have been a cur, for he never owned me : I was bred in a brothel, and educated in the purlicns of this city, and then society expects me not to drink, and not to keep bad company, and to put on clean clothes on Sundays, and walk with my head down to Church ; and 80 on. Nay, mgre-society not only expects a crop where nothing has been sown, but positively expects a crop of wheat where it has 8own tares itself. When I was six, teen, (this is as true as heaven,) I determined I would earn an honest penny, and I went and got a situation as an errand boy. I worked hard for a few days : at last my master turns me off one morning " What have I done?" said I. "'You will come to no good," said he,“ my son saw you turning out of a bad' house, and in company with some you have no business to know,' It was true ; but the woman was my mother, and the house my home. Only last year another thing happened. I got sick of jkis theatre, and I saw ax advertisement for a shopman in a bookseller's shop. This was just my fancy. When I was a little lad, I saved every sixpence I got, holding horses, to pay for schooling at 4 night school, and I've read a good deal at stalls in my life. Well, I went to the bookshop, a small place at this end of town; the bookseller asked me if I had any certificates. I told him the landlord of this house, (where we are pow.) knew me, and could speak to my character. He asked me wnat occupation I was following then ; 'when I told hiin, he laughed immoderately, and said, " that would never do," and adding he wanted no Pizarros, bowed me out. Now this is the state of things in this country ; if you're born low, you must keep low :--and then people get up in Parliament, and talk about the progress of the nation," and what is the progress of the nation? why, the rich get richer, and the poor, poorer; the high, higher ; and tira low, deeper, uceper Still," as old Mr. Braham says. Oh, Hescott, I am sick of the whole thing ; I'd take no benefits from society now if they fawned upon me; and if Sir Robert Peel were to say to me, Gascoyne, we've wronged you, but by way of retribution l'll make you Governor General of the East Indies,' I'd say to him, • Sir Robert, it is too late now, you may take your Indies to another shop cor I'm blowed if I'll With a defiant air, and after making several butts at the candle to light a cigar, the little man rose, and taking Alban's arm, they both staggered out into the streets, for by this time Alban alsd was a little excited, though his elevation took a different turn, for he asked, what did it matter if a man could get a glass of grog and a baccy, what society were about. The reader may wonder where Alban did get his glass of grog and his baccy, and indeed it is rather difficult to say. At the interview go.' one as ·Lindenstowe-A Tale. 409 was with Mr. Lattimer, he had men of income, who still pull through tioned that he was under great pretty comfortably. obligations to the Captain of the vessel which had brought him The literary transaction home, and Mr. Lattimor, taking this. A very seedy looking, man this gentleman's address, sent him called one day on Alban, and aska handsome present, and without ed if he had not had odd advena line of any sort he had forward tures: they were related; and the ed also a cheques to Alban for litterateur, with incredible swift- £50, so ho scemed to try and pro ness, threw them into a fiction. pitiate the Deity of Moral Duty, Sometime &fter he called again, whom he was offending, by pecu he had got a hundred pounds for niary offerings. This sum, with his book, and though Alban had billiards and cards, and a literary made no stipulation, the author transaction, had kept Alhan going generously offered him fifty. Missoinehow or another, and it is fortune had taught the poor man most marvellous how many people sympathy and kindness, as prosthere are in London of dissipated perity sometimes, I fear, teaches habits, but with no visible sources their opposites. CIIAPTER II. “ They err," so Southey singe, denly to .mind, out of the long who say that love can die." ago, a chesnut grove, and one who This is at least true, I think, of pressed her to his bosom, and profirst love ; a name profaned, it mised her a fairy home, where must be owned, by mawkish scn- 'washing and accounts, and Dalby's timentalists, but still a holy word carminative, she cannot think; to those who know it in its full would ever have entered. meaning. To few, to hardly any, Have you read that sweet tale is it given to be united with the one for whom the heart first pourof Kouque's, entitled “Rose" ? ed forth its lavish stores of affec- Look you.at the last when Mastion. And yet we never so love ter Haubold tastes the goblet, how again. For how often do bride it must be from the Lady Rose's hand, (she, was his and bridegroom, in a happy 'and young heart's well assorted match, even when idol) and then his gentle soul may exclaiming, “ The joyous day has depart in peace and blessedness to his God. at length arrived," still feel an inward reservation, that joyous as it The return of Alban threw Eva is, it is not the day they had fancied back from the mellow love of main their earlier dreams. And after tyrer days into the more beautiwards, when gentle children playful, if more delicate, passion of a around the hearth, and the cup. of former day. It was a hopeless household happiness is fullest, the ana unhappy business ; conjeccheerful mother looks up, and her ture could not imagine any tereyes fill with tears, for the sun mination to it but sorrow. has burst into a gleam. amongst still through the utter darkness, the garden trees, and a melancho- like the glowworm, her heart ly, not unpleasurable, þringe sud- patiently abided, cheered on by But ·410 Lindenstowe-A Kale. its own slender but untickle lamp them, Eva had grown reserved of love. in her habits, disliking to mingle She was under a strange delu much in society, and cherishing in sion in one respect as regarded the, solitude of her own chamber, Alban. She knew that he was the thoughts which were at once denied the house on account of her greatest sorrow and its sweethis character. But she softened est anodyne. Lady Pollen's atall this down in her own mind, by tempts, to rally her were, as you thinking that her father misun- may imagine, nery troublesome. derstood him. “My father," she My dear Eva," she would say said to herself, “ is of grave and to her in private, “ I am sorry to sober temperament, and makes no see you more, but do, for pity's allowances for exuberant spirits sake, think no more of this horrid and frolic : I feel sure Alban is Sonth-sca island creature, and just as full of high impulses and prin let me bint to the dear little curé, ciples as ever, though he may that it is all right again. He'd have been led into gaiety by be give his bands, you know, to hear ing with sailors, and those sort of of you again ; they're tough, those people." But those who have clergy; they don't mind a little marked the effects of dissipation jilting, and well have a recherché, know, that though it may not but quiet wedding ; if he's turnharden a generous mind against ed Puseyite, which I dare say he impulses of kindness, it gradually bus by this timc, we'll have rich constitutes the object of life to be hot cross buns instead of wedding an organized selfishness. And it cake, just to humour him. Now is a selfishness more subtle and do, Eva, there's a dear." dangerous on this account, that' Eva had never seen Alban since 'it is not pointed out to ourselves his return : her imagination picin its progress, as a selfisiness tured him, as 'improved and malike the love of money is, by the tured by the moving accidents of gradual ossification of the gentler the flood, but from circumstances feelings. and education, unfit for quiet so- To immediate friends both of ciety and conventional usages. She Arthur Chester and of Eva, the had a most longing desire to see particular circumstances which led him, that hereyes might rest once to their' match being 'broken off on the idol of her childwere made known. With the hood, once more on that face she world, such part of it at least as 80 well remembered as it last ever heard of the stery, the affair passed from her sight, and left passed as rather. a smart case of sadness and desolation behind. jilt. She constantly looked out when Mr. Lattimer was sorry to see they drove in the streets, in the Eva so unhappy, but, considered hope that she might see him by it his best plan to say nothing, and chance, but she never did. At confine himself to steadily repu last she heard of him in a strange diating. Albari. 'At the time of way. Martha, her maid, had an this chapters not long after the uncle, who was a grocer in a small date of that last, the Lattimers street at the East end, and it was were in London : the talkative in his house that Bennett, Mr. Lady Pollen was staying with Radcliff's clerk, lived. It was an more - ·Lindenstowe-A Tale. 411 on so. instance of the prudence which ed successful, with a long strip of distress had taught this man, that paper covered with red letters, he chose to lodge with quiet res in which was announced that Mr. pectable people, and behaved yith Norton, proprietor of the British perfect propriety in his own room, Theatre, having concluded an ennever coming home till he was gagement with Mr. Alban Hesquite sober enough to know what cott, of America, for a few nights, he was about, and therefore though that gentleman would make his his landlord perceived he kept first appearance in the character strange hours, he had no reason of " Claude Melnotte,” in the to complain of his conduct. One “ Lady of Lyons," on Monday evening, when Martha had got evening next. The news and the leave to drink tea at her uncle's, bill were both conveyed, as you she began telling her aunt all the may suppose, to Eva, and from circumstances of poor Miss Eva that moment she determined she being crossed in love, and taking would witness his debût. It When she mentioned the seemed at first that this could not name of Hescott, Why, la!" possibly be effected, but an opensaid Mrs. IIaswell, her aunt, ing occurred in the following way. 6 that's the name of the hand Eva was taking advantage of the some young man as is friends with residence of a Madame Bassani, our Bennett; he's some of the act in her neighbourhood, to proseing people, aint he?". cute her singing, for she found a Martha had never heard that great solace in music. Madame he had ever done anything of that came twice a week, and on Monsort. days gave a little party at her own "Oh, but I know he is," said house, where she received her pu- “ I say, Haswell," her pils, and on these occasions duets husband came in at this juncture, and quartetts, and sometimes cho- “ what were you saying about ral bits, were got up. No gentleyoung Hescott, acting or some men, except the relations of the thing, aint he?" Mr. Haswell, who pupils, were asked. was a sententious person, replied, Eva had engaged to go for the " I think a rumour has reached next Monday. She wrote an exme of the facts referred to. А cuse, and started with Martha in a play, entitled, as I am given to fly, as she was in the habit of gounderstand, the Lady of Lyons,' ing to Madame Bassani's, for Mrs. is to be produced at the British, Haswell's little parlour. There, with, it is reported, but I cannot 'for Marthaahad arranged it capivouch for the accuracy of the tally, was the party all ready for statement.--unprecedented mag the Theatre. Mr. and Mrs. Hasnificence in which it is farther well, and two old friends of theirs, stated, that Mr. Hescott will Mr. and Mrs. Pridmore; the take a principal part. But a man lady being amazingly fat and must be guarded in believing full of fears and precautions, and what he hears; he must sift, the gentleman, a thin, grey-haired and compare, and weigh, and then old man, tied up by his wife in form his conclusions. handkerchiefs which he didn't Martha went out to try if she want, and nearly choked with could get a play-bill, and return- peppermint lozenges, which she her aunt, ·412 Lindenstowe-A Tale. “ shame, At' 66 insisted on his taking, in conse sonable time in tuning their inquence of the damp. The Theastruments--a circumstance comtre was not far, and the two gen mented on bay the gallery with tlemen started to be ready at the some acrimony. All this delay door, and hand out the ladies. was most distressing to poor Eva, “ Take care of the gutter, lote," who was afraid she should be roared Mrs. Pridmore; “ he's. 80 obliged to go before she had seen delicate," she added, " and wet Hescott, . However she thought feet pulls down a person so." she could stay three quarters of At length the ladies started in an hour more, if they drove home the fly, Mrs. Pridmore, with a huge quickly. When the orchestra did reticule containing refreshments as begin, they played an unusually also hartshorn, and a few other long time, and as it now became remedies, in case of accidents. evident the delay was intentional, Eva was dressed in black, and when the whole, audicnce grew angry, she got into the box which had roared, stamped, and hissed, been taken for them, shc put the and cries of Norton, Norton, two old ladies in the front seat, shame," re-echoed and sat on the next with Martha, through the house. Mrs. Prid. whilst the gentlemen remained by more conceiving at each outbreak, the door.' The Theatre was very that the house had just caught fire, full: loud cries prevailed of sustained a series of shocks. oranges and ginger beer," and last the prompter's bell was heard, the busy hum of voices was oc the curtain drew up, and the play casionally interrupted by a shrill began. The audience were soon whistle; hats descended abrupt. appeased, and sat down quictly ly from the divine regions, and to listen. Eva knew the play were drawn up again leisure well, and when they came to the ly by combined handkerchiefs. third scene, she felt her heart You would have thought the play beat very fast, and her breathing unsuited in a remarkable degree came thick. Where she sat, she for the audience, but so long as could not see the cottage door there was not too much of it, and a through which Claude was to good, broad farce afterwards, they enter. liked having a piece that was “ What, your won't come in my thought "slap up" at the West friends! Well, well, there's a trifle End, and especially as they un to make merry elsewhere. Good derstood the principal part was day to you all-good day! to be entrusted to a top saw- Shout.--Hurrah! Long live Prince Claude !" But there was a great delay; it was sometime after the Not Alban's voice surely. At proper hour ; and the orchestra, this moment one shout of disaphad not yet taken their places. probation'rose from every person The audience began to show great present, and after this, a hurrisymptoms of impatience, stampa cane of hissing raged on eyery side. ing and hooting..commenced, and very general cries were heard of “ What is tiid matter ?" cried « Strike up music." Eva, turning pale. chestra came in every leisurely, They are going to pull the and seemed to take an unrea house about our ears, I suspect," 1 yer." The or- 66 ·9) . on a Lindenstowe-A Tale. 413 answered Mrs. Pridmore, agitat stood each other up to to-night, ed. By this time the unpopular and I shall believe,. unless you actor came to the footlights; it was assure? me to the contrary, that no one Eva had ever seen before, we understand each other now." though the audience had often (Cheers.) In a few minutes enough, for it was no other than after, Mr. Bannister Douglas Mr. Bannister Douglas. again entered through the cot- He came as forward as he tage door: his mother from the could, and taking off hi: peasant's side: and the play proceeded. But cap, bowed and said, “ Gentle all interest for Eva was gone; she mcn and Ladies." This was all was terribly uneasy about Alban's the audience would hear, and at illness, and it was time for her to this crisis, an orange taking Mr. go home. Disappointed, anxious, Douglas in the face, caused that sad, she left the house with her gentleman to dash down his cap, sober old protectors. A little shake his fist at the public and run way from the Theatre there was a off, followed by the Widow Mel stoppage in the street, " Oh la !" notte, amidst roars of laughter. said Mrs. Pridmore," it is not The stage was now empty; the Pridmore run over and killed ?" word “ Norton" was thundered It was not : there was a crowd in every direction, and at length collected round the door of a came a little man, with house brilliantly lighted within, profusion of hair, watch chains and apparently a spirit palace. and rings. A silence being ob The door was suddenly opened tained, he bowed, and spoke as with violence, and two policemen follows: “Ladies and Gentle appeared on the upper step. men, the American artist, who They were thrust forward by a was announced this evening for young man, of whose collar they the part of Claude, is suffering both had hold, but pushing them 80 severely from a cold contracted down the steps, he managed with on the Atlantic, (laughter, auld a jerk, to extricate himself from cries of pickles,') that nothing will their grasp, and stood, for a moinduce his medical man to allow ment alone. He had no hat; his 'him to appear. (Hisses.) I clothes were torn; he was flushed have certificates from two of the with liquor; but there he was, faculty, (a distinguished baronet the chiselled feature, the high being one,) that Mr. Hescott's brow, the curling tresses,-it was appearance to-night would en Alban Hescott. The two policodanger his life. (Groans.) These men were soon at him again, and will be published to-morrow a third coming ap at the moment, morning, with the daily bills. they dragged him down the steps, (cries of Silence,' Ilear him.) and in the struggle he was thrown Mr. Douglas having in the kindest on the pavement. There he lay manner come forward to fill the using terrible language and imvacant part, I throw myself upon precations. Eva felt a mad impasyour indulgence to allow the play sible wish to go to his succour, to proceed. have never appeal and positively would have opened ed to you in vain, (slight cheers.) the door, if Mrs. Pridmore had not The management and the audience prevented it, on the score that if of the British Theatre have under the horse went on suddenly, there .

·414 Lindenstowe-A Tule. " he's was no knowing what might not She was carried in the back parhappen. At this moment a very lor, where Mrs. Pridmore treated pretty girl, with black eyes and her with great energy, and she hair, but alas ! too well dressed, soor recovered. She returned pushed through the crowd, and home, but it was not the home touched the policemen on the arm. she had left. This could not be “Do not go hitting him, there's the room in which she had dreama good fellow," said she ; ed of Alban. It was cold and as quiet as a lamb when he's only bare. And he was an animal; he spoken to gently like." “ He'll wallowed, he grovelled-this man be quiet no more to-night I ex she had so lofed. No; it could pect," said the policeman, " till not be so; it was not his nature; he's locked up." - Won't he," it was that woman who was beanswered the girl, “ I've seen him guiling him : it was the fatal spell worse than this by three noggins, of that wirked designing woman, and he's got up and walked like a which was entrancing for a mochild of two, I have though, ment his too susceptible spirit. s'help me Peel.” She bent over Alban at heart was still true, she Alban for a minute or two, and knew it. So blind is love. And whispered something in his ear, now she questioned for the first and the policemen leaving go of time in her own mind, for her arhim, he got up, and the girl tak dent wishes had precluded the ing his hand, led him away. No idta before, whether she had done one spoke in the coach as it mov a maidenly and modest thing in ed on, till it came to the grocer's. going where she had. So she Then, when Mrs. Haswell said, was very unhappy, and wept her- “Good night, Miss," she received self to sleep. to answer. Eva had fainted. 2 CHÅPTER III. ABOUT Eve o'clock in the after was shrouded with yellow paper noon of the day following the cut in figures. Over the mantelfailure at the Theatre, Alban piece hung a little picture ; it Hescott made his way to Ben was a pencil drawing, passably nett's little room over the grocer's. executed, of a superior sort of Finding his friend not yet return farm-house such as you may have ed from office, he sat down. The seen in Leicestershire ; it stood room was very neatly kept, there in a large garden, and just discerwas a little hanging-shelf with a nible through trees was the spire few odd volumes of books, (strange of a church. This little drawing companions, by the way, had met, was a great favorite of Bennett's, Philip Doddridge was cheek by and Alban having come in upon jowl with Pierce Bgan,) a large him once or twice after an uncomfortable looking arm-chair usual outbreak, had found the covered with chintz near the ta poor creature gitting nervous, and ble, and a little clack against the whimpering with the picture on wall, with weights hanging by the table before him. This was red strings. The fire irons were rather a ludicrous exhibition, but very bright, and the fire-place it was not unmixed with pathos, ·Lindenstowe-A Tale. 415 this one memento awakening the “ Do what ?" few better feelings of a misguid “Claude ; I like the character ; ed heart : scanty rays of God's he's such a jolly proud fellow : sunshine on a desolate ryin. Al my pronunciation must be better ban sat opposite the picture, and the, Douglas't, and I flatter myremembered happier times of his self I'm as good-looking as he is own ; and the tears filled his cyes, any'day." but it was only the susceptibility “ Well now that plan's off, what which excitement produces ; day do you mean to do, eh ?” by day he knew inwardly how his "I do mot know; the alterhabits were growing more and native seems to be between going more essential to his existence. to the swell mob, or the devil" Well, Mr. Altan Hescott," “ Now I tell you what it is Alsaid Bennett, entering, (he was a ban," said Bennett, “you've just very red-faced man, with black one chance left; turn steady for a whiskers and shining teeth,) you bit, make lip to old Lattimer, marmay be said on the whole to ry your cousin ; and there you are, have mistaken your profession I you can do what you like then; it think ; you may live down pre would only take two years.". judice, but I do not think Macrea “ Two years !" said Alban, dy need take poison yet ; I don't " that would never do; I could indecd." not stand níuffing for two months. “ Come,” said Alban, laugh- Besides, 'my uncle and I have ing," it was not my fault." been cuts so long now, and as for Why, whosc was it then ?" my cousin, I've forgotten all about “ You've never been on the her. Besides, I do not want to stage, or else you'd know it was marry. Kate Harding's good, rather nervous work coming on enough for me." the first time." Talking of Kate, she got “But you did not come on at you out of a row last night, did all." she pot ?" “Why, you see, a little brandy “Yes; I was prowing about braces the nerves. Crosby's, and I found in a corner '« Oh, yes, I understand, and a a most inviting little gasometer, great deal improves the memory. and just one small stroke of a small They said I wasn't fit to go handle put every thing into total on, but I could walk, holding a fel. darkness. There was a frightful low's 's arm, very well." tumult; two old women made “ Ha! ha! ha! and that's your straight for the gir, and though idea of an appearance ; why yoų. quite sober before, were found might as well come on as Hamlet. utterly drunk when the lamps in a wheel-barrow; but what says were lighted again. Crosby did - Norton." not see the joke in the same view Oh, he won't hear a word; as. I did, and my not wishing to he's mad; he says if I was worth leave the place brought me into anything, he would prosecute temporary collision with the Gome to the uttermost farthing. I vernment of this country, from am very sorry he won't let me try which I was extricated by Kate.". again, because I'm sure I could do Well now you're going to it." keep quiet to-night." 1.NO. VI. 66 > VOL.

·416 Absence. 66 I am 66 66 a was, "Nonsense, my dear fellow. inner room; he was groaning, and I'm quite flush of money to-day ; his eyes were red with tears ; the I've sold that old silver watch of picture was lying in the floor. my father's for seven pounds. 1. You're back early to-day," What, it's gorfe at last.".. said Alban. “Yeew. So you've no excuse “ Do not speak, please, do not now, we'll dine together, and speak : I am å lost man, then go to the hall. You know ruined from this day forward." to-night's the right Madame • Why, what has happened ?" O'Brien gives her mask ball at " Happened, the greatest cathe Iscariot's Head." lamity of my life: this morning, By Jove, so it is, we must go." when you left me, Instead of com- They had not gone more than ing home and dressing and going a few yards, when they saw to office, I went and drank again, wretched, skeleton-looking fellow, and sat drinking till office, and sitting and writing with chalk on then went as I and thenthe pavement. "Alben gave him but no matter, I'm ruined !" half a crown. " But what happened, you've “What are you doing," said not told me that yet." Bennett; “these fellows are well "I was discharged ; I'm a lost known to be only shamming." mán." “You cannot shani, having no Oh,edansense, you'll soon get flesh on your bones," replied another situation." Alban. The impulse was good; but 6 Shall I ? rever. I know what money was the charity tak- what has happened better than you do; the check is removed : The mask ball is not a proper the drag 's broken on the hill ; place for you and me, good readdown, down, down,mark mv er ; let us come on to the next words, my 'ate is sealed from this afternoon. Again, at the same "hour.' hour, five o'clock, Alban was call And the poor creature lay back, ing on Bennett. He was sur strong, coarse fellow as he was, prised to find him in bed, in an sobbing like a child. ?? 66 en from? ABSENCE. > Thou art not here! the very air around, (Nosongte vital with thy presence) feels Heaty and dull, as when a vapour steals After the sun's departure, from the ground, Shrouding the earth's fair features like a pall, And spreading desolation's hue o'er all;

·Absence. 417 Then every beauty fadeth drearily From the wan face of Nature; while the chill And clammy imiets are waxing denser Still; So, now thy smile, the Sun of Life to me No longer shineth, all around is drear; Gladness no longer decks Time's brow with flowers, Nor aids his swifter flight, but the dull hours Drag onward slowly, for thou art not here! An air of lifelessness o'er all is shed, As in an old house uninhabited; And an oppressive feeling influences My heart with vain solicitude; it seems All to unnerve my mind, as when in dreams A senseless fear is weighing on the senses, And from some unknown danger we would fly, But terror chains us down resistlessly. 2 II. + Yes, thou art gone, like light, when day is done, And darkness, 'ile the shadow that descends When night her dusky veil o'er all extends, Has fallen upon my heart, beloved one; No other beam can light me, reft of thee, And rayless night indeed were doomed to me, But that the thought of thee is like a lamp Gleaming my soul's lone cottage to illume, Remembrance of thee glads the dismal gloom, Like a bright watchfire in the midnight camp; My fond affection is a tender song To which thine is the music, when apart, (Though losing not its power upon the heart,) It can no longer bear the mind along. In that blest train of ecstacy divine, As it could do when harmonized with thine. But I must sing alone, like a saged bird In grief, those notes that had their birth in gladntol While fancy brings a dream to soothe his sadness, Wherein his absent mate's response is heard. As on the ground lies a neglected lute, In some deserted chamber, day by day, While she whose hand should wake it, is away, And all its music breathing strings are mute; So my heart's chords, no longer touched by thee, Forget to vibrate in harinonious measures, And scorn to prodigal their secret treasures, While thou art absent, whose alone they be.

·418
Absence.
III.
As when a captive in his silent cell,
Fears lest old lime has quite forget to fly,
And that his lazy step will ne'er bring nigh
The hour when he may bid his chain farewell:
How he desires to plunie afresh his wings,
And longs for night, though little rest it bringe :
So everyamorning I reproach the sun
For sloth, andelong for night, since closing day
Brings the hour nearer that shall guide my way
Again to thee, my own beloved one!
Thou mayest need succour, and I not be near thee
Should danger threaten thee, to be thy guard,
Who would, like me, watch thee with ceaseless ward ?
Thou mayest be sad, and I not there to cheer thee,
Anxiety brings doubts, dim shadow o'er me,
And raises thousand groundless fears before me:
As when a merchant, who his all hath ventured
In one rich vessel, follows ever near
In anxious fancy through her far career,
For all his“hopes are in her safety centered
And conjures danger up in countless forms,
Pirates and quicksands, lightning, rocks, and storths.
So, now, it is not strange, thus far from thee,
My wealth, my hope, my happiness, my all,
That phantom terrors should my dreams appa!,
And shapeless fears be daily haunting me.

·Sclections and Translations. ON TIE MEANS OF DISTINGUISUING BETWEEN REAL AND APPARENT DEATII. (Transiated for Saunders' Mayazinc.) The dreadful fate of thore unhap It was not until 1740 that the subpy beings, who have been buried ject underwent serious scientific alive while under the influence of investigation. In that year, Wingsome extraordinary suspension of low, the celebrated Danishranatomist, vitality, and who have afterwards proposed this as a subject for proawoke in their graves to suffer the fessional enquir;, and unfortunately horrors of a thousand deaths, is a the researches of this ingenious man subject by which the human imagi served less to combat than to fortify nation has always been terribly ex the popular belief. Winslow, who cited. The historians of all ages had hiinself been buried alive twice, have cited instances of this deplor- ' might naturally be supposed to have able mistake. And yet the ancients taken an extraordinary interest is carried their veneriation for the dead the enquiry. The conclusion which so far, that it nearly amounted to a one naturally draws from his work cult. Plato did not forget, among the is, that the science of his day had laws which he inscribed in the code no means of distinguishing apparent of his Republic, to provide that from real death. But. Winslow's every possible precaution should be book, written in Latin, was a sealed taken in the burial of the dead; and book to the multitude. Two years Cicero laid down three kinds of after its publication, Bruhier d'Abequity-the first, that which is lincourt translated it, and added a displayed towards the gods ; the hundred and twenty-two cases of second towards the dead, and the his own, without taking much pains tbird towards inankind. to sec that they were drawn froin But this veneration of the an authentic soarces. Bruhier's book cients for the dead only displayed was well calculated to disseminate itself in superstitions ceremonies. terror. Of the bundred and twenty We must pass over many centuries cases which he citéd, fifteen hud been before we find that any serious at buricd alive, four had returned to tention was paid to the sure physilife under the anatomist's knife, and cal signs of death. The opinton, a hundred and three persons supthat persons were occasionally bu posed to be dead, had recovered in ried, whose life was tynt yet extinct, time to escape a living tomb. These was very common among the vulgar; strange recitals were only calculated and during the middle ages, espe to deceive persons ignorant of phy. cially, it was supported by fabulous siology and medicine. • They could stories, which were, every where not stand the test of competent crireceived with the greatest credulity. ticism, and it proved easy to demoa- VOL. I.NO. VI. b ·clviii On the means of distinguish ing between strate the part which imagination current excites the contractile powhad played in the compilation of cr of muscular fibre so long as it Bruhicr's appaling statistice. Pub retains lifc. It will even produce lic opinion, which was strongly ex this effect on muscle that has but cited, was soon re-assured by Louis, recently removed from the living the learned Secretary of the Royal body. But let life be once com- Academy of Surgery. His letter on pletely, extinguished, and the most "The certamty of the signs of death,' powerful electric current exerciscs forins a sort of counterpoise to the no more effect upon the muscular reckless dissertation of Brubier, who fibre, thay upon, a mass of matter had blindly adopted all the fables that never lived. Thus the immoto be found here and thtre in books. bility which Nysten observed in the Louis, on the contrary, submitted bodies of forty individuals which he each alleged fact to a severe cxamin submitted to galvanis currents, was ation-scrutinized with rare sagaci considered by him as a sign which ty, the probability of the details, and certainly indicated the total extincdemonstrated, that none of the nar tion of life, ratives on which Bruhier had relied The impulse which had been given was sufficient to convince a cautious to such investigations, the meanmind. Ile completed the refutation while extended itself to Germany, by a series of interesting researches where the French works on the subwhich permitted him to affirm, after ject were translated, and gave birth more than forty experiments, that to fresli publications. One of the Gercadaverous rigidity of the body is a man, writers, the most celebrated of certain sign of death.* all, expressed, opinions which again After the writings of Bruhier and strick terrprajnto inen's minds. This Louis, many years passed without was Hufcland, who undertook to witnessing any progress in the study prove that the signs of death were of this question. The memoirs of most uncertain, and to refute the l'inncau and 'Thierry, as well as the more welcome doctrine of Louis. treatise published by Duraudein 1789 The alarm which he created was so point out wise precautions for avoid gicat that many of the Cierman Going the danger of premature burial verninents felt it' their duty to estabbut they do not discuss the phy:i lish houses for the reception and ological problem. It was the beau examination of bodies before burial. tiful experiments made by llaller The excitement created by Hufeland on the irritability of muscular fibre, extended in a minor degree to that first set scientific men on the France. direct road towards ascertaining the This state of the question regarddifferent characteristics of life and ing the signs of death and the dandeath. Nysten followed in the ger of premature buriai, lasted footsteps of Haller, and sought for a eleven years, until in 1837, M. certain means of recognizing mus Manni, a professor in the University cular insensibility of all the sti-. of Rome, proposed, in a letter admulants by whinh physiologists have dressed to the Academy of Sciences cndeavoured to effect this object, at Paris, to offer a special prize of none is more important than galva 1,500 francs for the best memoir on nism. To this Nysten had recoursco "apparente deaths and the best means in 1811, in the experiments at the of avoiding their dangerous conse- Hôpital de ta Charité. l'he electric quences." Convinced of the im- * NOTE BY THE TRANSLATOR. -Those who are familiar with the practice of mesmerism will at once recognise the fallacy of this text. Generally speaking there is a very wide dif. forence between the rigility of a catalepsed mesineric patient and that of a dead budy; but among the ionum rahle võieties of nieumeric phenomena,may occasionally be seen an exact imitation of the rigidite' rudurerique here spoken of. In spite of M. Louis's incredulity, no. thing can be better tested than the case of poor Abbe Prevót, the nuvelist, who died from a wound indictud by a Surgeon who was holding an aulupsy over his living body.

·Real und Apparent Death. clix portance of solving a problem which and the duration of which is greater had for so many years occupied the in proportion as it is slow in making attention of physicians and juris its appearance. It is quite distinct prudists, the Academy gratefully from the stiffness caizsed by a conaccepted the offer, and its accepta vulsed state of the muscles; or the tion was ratified by the French Go stiffness caused, by freezing; for in vernment. the tirst casc, by using sufficiently The questionstherefore proposed by energetic measures, the muscular the Academy were" What are the power may be overcome at least for characteristics of apparent death?" the inoment; in the second, the stiff- " What are the best means of pre ness pervades indiscriminately all venting premature burials ?" These the tissues, ethe cells of which are questions did not wait long for an filled with minute particles of ice, answer. Among the various memoirs which yield a slight and peculiar which were presented in successound when broken by pressure. sion to the Academy, there was one The absence of muscular contraction, which appeared to have completely when under the influence of ceranswered the object of that learned tain direct stimulants, such as the body. In offering their opinions on pricking of pins, the application of this inemoir, Messrs. Rayer and Ma caustic, or what, as we have said gendie had themselves to examine above, is most conclusive of all, the question raised by the Roman pro the galvanic current; is the second fessor, and the result of their enqui- phenomenon inseparable from death; ries were this. The surest means to which must be added the last of of avoiding premature burials is to all, the setting in of decomposition. select from among the various signs But none of these signs can be of death, that one which at the counted on immediately after death. same time merits the most confi Rigidity may affect the muscles bedence, and which is the carliest to fore the animal heat has disappearshow itself. This criterion was ob ed, but a certain period is necessary, tained by M. Bousquet, the author of sometimes short and sometiines long, the prize memoir, whose conclusions before it sets in. It is the same have found so striking a confirma withe sensibility to the exciting tion in the suffrages of Messrs. Rayer power of the galvanic current, and Magendie. which the muscular fibre often re- A rapid enumcration of the phe tains long after the heart has ceased noinena which accompany and fol to perform its functions. And finally, loy death will enable us better to decomposition does not take place, understand the inport of the dis as is well known, but under certain covery which has the sanction of conditions ; for air and water are the Academy. When life is on the as necessary to sustain the process point of abandoning the body, the of putrefaction, as they are to the senses become gradunlly dimmed, functions of animal life. M. Gay respiration becomes difficult, anx Lussac preserved fresh meat fot ious, stertorous--(rålante), until the many inonths by placing it under last breath is yielded, and the ex a bell-glass, in an atmosphere, the treinities, receiving no longer the moisture of which had been absorbvivifying current which comes from 9d by chloride of calcium; and acthe heart, vital heat disappears, and cording to. M. Guyton de Morveau, yields place to the chill of death. putrefaction cannot take place in There soon developes itself, a phe hydrogen, azote, or carbonic acid, nomenon of which Haller and Bi oxygen being essential to the prochát have wrongly denied the exis- Putrefaction is also retarded tence, viz., the rigidity of the body by a diminution of temperature, which at once seizes the muscles of and it ceascs altogether when the the trunk, then of the neck, then of thermometer renches the freezing the inferior limbs, then of the upper, point. Thus the flesh of malnmoths cess, ·clx On the means of distinguishing, &c. has been preserved for thousands of lates that he suspended the burial years in the midst of 'the eternal of a young hysterical girl, because frosts of Siberia. he found colour in her cheeks, it While science could indicato no is probable that had he heard of more certain signs of death than the discoyery of Laennec, and its apthese, we may understand the efforts plication to such cases, the life of made since the work of Huféland the poor creature night have been appeareti, to multiply the pre saved. cautions which ought to be preserv- The existence of pulsations of the ed at burials. But happily we have heart, even throughout the most apnow donc groping in the dark for paling attacks of syncope, is not onthe solution of this mournful pro- ly a fact of great importance in the blem. One capital fact has been distinction of real from apparent discovered, which will always here deaths; it is also an ....portant physiafter distinguish true from supposed ological truth, entirely controverting death. It is the continuance of the as it does, the theory of the celeaudible pulsations of the heart. The brated professor Frederic Hoffinan, means of ascertaining this fact who neld that syncope was due to scientifically could not long escape the entire suspension of the functions the rescarches or modern physio of the heart, and who was supported logy- they are indicated in the mom in this Lelief by no less a man than moir of M. Bousquet. Bichât. It is now clearly establish- It is but recently that we have ed by auscultation that the heart is inknown th.at the application of the deed the seat of life ; that of all the ear, whether directly, or by the in organs it is the last that ceases to pertervention of the stathéscope, to the form it functions, as it is also the first surface of the chest, permits us to ex to begin them. Auscultation then is amine the sounds whether normal or the one infallible guide in all cases of pathological, produced by the ac doubtful death ; cases, it must be adtion of the heart and lungs. This mitted, of frequent occurrence, from fruitful discovery, which in the hands the asphyxia of the new-born babe, of M. Laennec has given to the tu the insensibility produced in the diagnosis of thoracic disease, an adult by cold; by the absorption, unhoped-for certainty; has been 11ap into the system cf poisonous subpily borrowed by M. Bousquet in stances, or by any other cause whatthe prosecution of his researches. The author of the prize essay has But what is the limit which sciexplored cardiac noises on every oc ence has affixed to the silence of casion that has presented itself. the heart, before the practitioner is One man had had the radial artery entitled to pronounce sentence of divided by an incised wound ; and death? 'To answer this question M. the resulting hemorrhage had brought Bousquet assiduously applicd hinion several attacks of syncope in a self, and here is the result of his cli- Tery brief space of time. The skin nical observations. Stand by the bed had already the whiteness of mar side of a dying man, and as soon as ble, the pulse was wanting, the his breath' begins to falter, apply whole body insensible. The hand, Four ear to his precordial region. when applied to the region of the 'You will at once find that a loud heart, felt the chill and the inmovi råle prevents you from hearing the lity of death; but the ear perceived pulsation of the heart; but in the a slight noise, repeated at long in- interval that separates two inspiratervals. The heart, though ultimum tions, or after the last breath has moriens, was still beating! It is been drawn, vou will hear most well known that hysteria has fre distinctly the double pulsations, alquently simulated death so closely though the pulse may be to give credence to pretend tirely gone at the wrist. The ed resurrections. When Raulin re greatest interval which M. Bousever. enas ·The Three Nuts. clxi we quet recognized between two beats 'which is only an affair of yesterwas six seconds. M. Rayer heard day, the certain test which the heart beat after an interval of • now have, was impossible. For seven seconds. The Atademy to the pulse may be imperceptible avoid the possibility of eror, Trave at the wrists, or along the course laid it down that the contractions of of every artery, the hand placed the heart have finally ceased, that over the heart inay feel that all withdeath is real; if she ear, applied in iš motionless, and yet the grand during a period of five ninutes to vital function man still be going on all the regions of the chest where the there, audibly, though not to be folt. pulsation of the heart are ordinarily Now as many persons have recoverrecognized, can detect,no sound. ed from such a state, it was supposed by Hoffinann and others, that a The simplicity of this method will total cessation of the functions of very probably disappoint soine in the heart was compatible with life. scientific readers who may happen And so in endeavouring to distinto be unacquainted with the wonder guish between syncope and death, ful sensation created in the medical the condition of the heart was little profession throughout the world, by attended to, because it was supposed the equally simple discovery of M. to be the same in both cases. But Laennec. It does indeed we now know, thanks to auscultation, wonderful, that so simple a test was that this cessation is apparent only iu not known before ; that accustomed syncope, real in death. Of as mankind have been from the earli this would have been discovered long est periods to look upon the heart as ago, had it accurred to the medithe fountain of vitality, it was luft cal profession 18 use their cars in to M. Bousquet to give to this po studying the audible functions of pular belicf a scientific value. But human life. But this they did not a little reflection will show that learn, until the nineteenth century until the discovery of auscultation, brought its Laenriec. seem .course THE THREE NUTS. (Translated from C. Brentano.) DANIEL William Möller, after other things, some walnuts were placwards professor and librarian in Alt ed on the table, the company began to dorf, lived in the year 1665 in Col speak of the qualities of this fruit, mar, being at the time the tutor of Möller seeing that his pupils seized the three sons of the Burgoinaster the walnuts rather too eagerly, and Maggi. In the month of October began to crack one after another of that year, the Burgomaster had, with great gusto, gave them the folas a guest, a travelling chemist, and, lowing verse to translateas it happened that at supper, among Unica nux prodest, nocet altera, tertia mors est." This they translated ritus: “One nut ready eaten the third nut, and were smacketh good, the second injureth, healthy and well. They must thereand the third is death." Moller, fore think of some better neaning, however, said that this translation Scarcely had he spoken these words, could not be correct, as they bad al when the chemist rose up hastily from ·clxii The Threc Nutt. - the table, and shut himself up in his room, to the great astonishment of all who were present. Thee Burgomaster's youngest son followed the stranger by his father's request to enquire what ailed Irm. The resor of the resun wns shul, but looking through the key-holc, he saw the stranger on his knees, in tears, and wringing his hands, while he cried vehemently, “Ah, mon dieu, mon dieu!" The boy had scarcely told his father of this scene, when the stranger sent word to the Burgomaster that he wished for a private intervicw. Every one else went away. Then the chemist came in, fell on his knees, and weeping, begught the Burgomaster not to betray him to the authorities, and to rescue him from a shameful death. The Burgomaster, greatly ingved at his speech, imagined that the man had lost his senses. Raising him from the ground, he told niin kindly to explain what he meant by so extraordinary a demeanour. The stranger replied: “Sir, do not dissemble. You and master Möller are aware of my crimc; that verse about the three nuts proves it: the third is death. Ah! yes, it was a ball of lead, a touch of the fiftger, and he fell dcad. You have concerted together to torment me; you will betray, mc, and through you I shall lose my head." The Burgomaster was now convinc ed of the madness of the chemist, and strove to soothe him by friendly words. He refused however to be comforted, and said "If you do not know it, your tutor at any rate is aware of my secret, for he regarded me with a searching look, as he said “ Tertia mors est." The Burgomaster could only entreat him to go quietly to bed, assuring him that neither hit nor Möller would betraychim, whätever truth, there might be in his unhappy position. The stranger however refused to go before Möller was sent for, and until he also swore solemnly not to betray him. The next morning the unhappy man left for Basle, having procured from the tutor a letter of recommendation to a physician in that place. Möller gave him a letter to Dr. Bunhinus, and left it open, in order that his suspicions fight not be excited. He left the lpuse in tears, and with repoated er treaties that the Bargobiaster would not betray him. 'The next year, about the same time, but some three weekslater in the scason as the Burgonaster and his family were scated at table, and as it happened, were agairf eating nuts, and recalling to mind the strange behaviour of the chemist, they were informed that there was a wofnan at the door. The servant was ordered to show her in. A woman appeared well dressed, and showing the remains of great beauty, though she was apparently in deep distress. The Burgomaster requested her to sit down, and placed before her a glass of wine and some nuts, but no souner had she scen the fruit, than she seemed greatly agitated, and the tours began to roll down her checks, while she cjaculated, “No nuts, no nuts," and saying this, she pushed away the plate from her. Her strange conduct, and tlic remembrance of the equally unaccountable behaviour of the chemist the year before caused much wonder. The Burgomaster, ordered the senz' yant to remove the nuts, and regretting his ignorance that she had a dislike to thein, enquired what business had brought her to his house. “I am the widow of an apothecary at lyons," she said, “and wish to reside in Colmar; a cruel destiny has compelled me to leave my native town. The Burgomaster requested to see her passport, in order to assure himself that there was nothing suspicious in the manner in which she bad quitted her native country. She showed him her papers, which were in perfect order, and mentioned her as the widow of the apothecary Pierre du Pont, alias "Petre Pontane. She also produced several certificates from persons of the medical profession in Montpellier, to the effect that she was in the possession of the recipes of many excellent medicines. - 1) en 1 ·The three Nuts. clxiii ers. The Burgomaster promised her his the cause of her cmotion, asked her support, and requested her to follow what ailed her : she replied, “Sir, him into his private ronm, where he •how is it that you are acquainted would writcher letters of recam with my woful story? who sketched mendation to soune of the physicians that picture over the door, which we and apothecaries of the town. As pasted just nowo?" The Burgoinashe led the woman upstairs, and was ter then called to mind the skrawing, conducting her across the passage, and said, “ It is the work of iny when she became suddenly so agitat youngest son, who delights in thus cd at the sight of a pisture drawn by a recording whateyer has inade a deep child, that the Burgomaster was afraid impression on him." 'The boy, who that she would faint. lic took her, had seen the chemist on his knces, quickly into his room, and she sank and wringing his hands, had painted down in a chair in tears. a picture, representing him in this position, with three nuts over hiin, The Burgomaster being unaware of and the verse “ Unica nux prodest, nocet altera, tertia mors est ;" and having completed the design, had pursuit pursuit of alphemy. I was young, hung it over the door of the room in and had the misfortune to be very which the chemist had slept. beautiful. I was not frivolous; I “llow can your son be acquaint was only unhappy; for however deed with the dreadfiul story of iny signcdly ill I might dress, it was husband ?" pursued the woman. supposed to be a new inode, and I “ Ilow can le know ibat which was bewitching ; wherever I went or would wish ever to conccal, and stood, I was surrounded by admirwhich has been the cause of my I could not sleep for serequitting iny native land ?" nados, was obliged to keep a servant “ Your husband ?" said the asto- oto return presents and billets doux, nished Burgomaster. “Is the che and had constantly to discharge my mist Todenus your husband? | domestics who were bribed to corthought from your passport that you wore the widow of the, apothecary icoTwo Assistants of my husband Pierre du Pont." poisoned one another, because cach answered the woman, had discovered that the other was “ but the position in which the sub a nobleman, who out of love for me, ject of the picture is represented, hud entered into my service under a the fatal speech, and the nuts over fcigned name. From all this I dehim, prove too plainly that it is my rived nothing but misery and wretchhusband." edness, and had it not been for the The Burgomaster then related to delight which my husband showed her what had happened, whilst the in my appearance, I should have chemist was in his house, and en takenmeans to disfigure myself. I quired why, if he were her husband, often asked him whether he could he had come to him under an as not be contented with the possession sumed name. of my heart and yiind, and I en- “Sir," replied the woman," I per treated hiin to allow me to mur that veive that fate will not allow my fatal beauty which had caused so disgrace to be concealed. 1-cxpect much unhappiness, but he replied, from your right feeling that you Fair Amelia, I should despair, will not suffer my misfortune to act could I no longer behold thy lovely to my prejudice. Her my story. I should be the most unhap- My husband, the apothecary Pierre py of men if, after having toiled du Pont, was well to do in the world, the live-long day in my laboratoand would have been even rich, had ry, I could no more refresh yiyself he not spent all his money in the with the sight of thy countenanco. rupt me. 6 I am, . face ;

·clxiv The Three Nuts. Thou art the light of my existence,' exhausted on my bed, and thought and even if after a hard day's work with bitter tears on the occurrence see all my hopes disappear up the of the night. I could not conceive chimney of my workshop, they re why had brought all this to pass, and vived again at the sight of thy beau cursed my ill-fated beauty, is I rety.' He loved me teiderly, but God garded myself in the looking glass did not bless our loves, for we had no whiche stood opposite to the bed. children. As I one day imparted to As I gazed, I chanced to sce in the him my sorrow on this head, he lookingegliss a paper, which was in frowned and said, If (iod so wills, one of the shoes which were on the and all my exertions are not thrown toilet table; I seized it hastily, and away, this happiness also will be read in greata agitation the following vouchsafed to us. Onc evening lic note : came home late, and related to me DEAREST AMELIA, -My misforwith great joy that lie had been tunes are greater than ever Ilitherto discoursing with a deeply skilled adept, who had taken great interest I have been compelled to avoid thee, and now I must tee the land in which in hiin and ine, and that our wishes thou livest. I have stabbed in a would shortly be fulfilled. I underduel an officer of my garrison, who! stood him not. boastedoof thy favours ; I am pur- Shortly after midnight, I was awakened by a noise. I saw my room sued, and am liere in disguise. l'omorrow is thy birth day. I must full of bright flying beetles. I could not conceive how such a number of sec, thee, and for the last time. This evening thou wilt find me outside these insects could have entered the room. I awakened my husband, and the gate of the town, in the sinull copse under the walnut trees, about asked him what this could mean. a hundred paces to thc right of the Just then I saw on my toilet table a road. If thou canst bring me some beautiful venetian glass, full of the prettiest flowers, and by its sidethee. I could not refrain from money to aid me, God will repay several pairs of silk stockings, Paris shoes, scented gloves, ribbands, and mpending the last few Louis d'or in my such like things. It occurred to me possessiðn, in order to buy thee thic that the morrow was my birth day, birth-day present, which thou see Thou shalt lfcar from me how I sent . and I imagined that my husband it to thee, and what I have underhad shown me this attention, for which I thanked him licartily. Ile gone: thou must be silent, and conne, assured me, however, with the most or my corpse will be brought tomorrow to thy housc! Thine unsolemn anscrtions, that he knew nohappy thing about the presents, and for Imbuis.' the first time the wildest. jealousy took root in his mind. He implored "I read these lines with the greatme at first most tenderly, and then cst sorrow, I could not help secing in ánger, to declare tq hiin who hael him, for I loved him unspeakably, brought me throne things; I wept, and must lose hinn for ever. and could not tell him. He would The Burgomaster here smiled, and not believe me; ordered me to rise; hook his head, saying, "I see then, and I was forced to search througs, Madam, chat you did feel a tender the whole house with low, but we sentiment for a stranger." found no one. He deinanded the The woman answered calmly, key of my writing desk, and looked Yes, sir, but do not condemın me, through all my papers and letters, ere you have heard my story to but discovered nothing. The day the end. I chllected during the day broke, and I was drowned in tears. all I possessed in the shape of mo- My husband left me in a very ill ney and trinkets, and packed them humayr, and betook himself to his in a bundle, which towards evening laboratory. I threw myself down gave to iny muid to carry for me 6 1. <3 ·The Three Nuts. clxV &C. 6 6 an no inore. to a bagino in the vicinity of the the wife or such a fool.' I was irrigate which Louis had inentioned. tated against my husband on There was nothing remarkable in • count of his jealous proceedings the the road which I had often tra"ers night before, and said also, Yes, ed. When we reached the place, I know he is a fool.' But the time I sent my maid back with directions fos separation. had arrived, and I to get a carriage for me, to be ready threw my arm round him, crying, at the bagino at niite o'clock, to co Farewell, my dearest Louis ; see vey me horne. She departed, and how quickly this brief space of meet- I, taking the bundle under my arms, ing has flown by; So also will pass went out of the gate towards the away this wretched state of exiswood where I was expected. I tence. Hape patience; all will soon hastened to the appointed spot, and be at an end. IIe then broke off entered the chapel. Ho flew into three walnuts from a tree near the my arms; we covered one another chapel, and said, Let us cut these with kisses, and wept together on the nuts as a lasting remembrance, and steps of the altar of the little chapel, as often as we see such nuts, let us shaded by walnut trees. We sat with think of one another.' He cracked our arms entwined round each other, the first nut, divided it with me, and and related each to the other our story kissed me tenderly. Ah,' said he, with tender caresscs. He felt conold rhyme occurs to ine, coinvinced that we should see each other incncing nica “ Unux prodest," one The time for parting nut tasteth well, but this is not true, drew near. It was half past eight for we are about to part; the ensuing o'clock, and the coach was waiting. words are trųer, “ Nuret a!tera," the I gave him the money and the jew. second injurcth*; it is true for we els, and he said to me, Amelia, I must leave one another!' He then should have shot myself last night embraced me, and as he divided the at thy beside, but the sight of thy third nut, said, . In this, ut any rate, beauty disarmcd me. I climbed into the proverb is true. Ah Amelia, forthy room through the open window, get me not, pray for me," lertia mors and let Ay in a number of cockcha est," the third is death! fers which I had collected on my portwas heard, and Louis fell at my journcy, and which I knew thou fect, “ Tertia mors cst!" screained a wast fond of. I there laid dowa voice through the window of the the new shoes and stockings, taking chapel. I exclaimed--Oh God! my away those which thou hadst worn. brother, my poor brother Louis hus Thy husband slept on in a troubled been shot."" slumber. I spoke to him yesterday Almighty God. He was your as he met me in the wood while bo brother ? exclaimed the Burgotanising. As I was collecting flow master. Yes, it was my brother," ers to form a nosegay for thee, he replied she, " and guess my horror, imagined that iny tastes were simi .when I saw my husband stand before lar to his, and we fell into a conver me, as the murderer, with a pist8l sation about alchymy. I told him in his hand. He had still one barrel of a secret which a monk had im loaded, and tried to shoot himself, parted to me, with whom I lodged but I wrenched, the weapon froin one night in Provence, and which him, and threw it into a thicket. consisted in distilling, by certain Flec, flee Lecried, justice pursuesthee; mysterious chemical thou art a murderer. He was stuman being out of a glass. Thy good pified with grief, and would not husband took all this as Gospel, em- I became aware of the apbraced me, and requested me to pay proach of people who had heard the him a visit. Little did he think that shot, and giving him hastily the I should visit himn that very night in so money and trinkets which I had strange a manner. How much do destined for my brother, thrust him I grieve that thou art childless, and out of the chapel. > ATE- 3) 66 means, a humove. VOL. 1.-NO. VI.

·clxvi The Three Nutr. was 6 ! again." ces. "I now gave full vent to my cries, the bagnio. He found me not, but and the people who arrived, some of the mistress of the place told him whom knew me, carried me kalf dis- , that she had scen me pass through tracted home. The corpse of my the gate. He then called to mind brother was brought to the Rathhans, the stranger whom he had met in and a strict investigation was setoon the wood, and who had asked after foot. Happily for me I was smitten his wifp. He remembere that this by a fierce fever, which deprivedome person was catching cockchafers. of my senses so long, that before I His suspicions became certainty ; recovered them, my husband he hastened to the wood, reached the beyond the limits of the Kingdom. chapel, heard the end of our con- No one doubted that she was the versation Terria mors est,' and commurderer, because he disappeared mitted the fatal deed." that very evening. Calumny now attacked me with its bitter tongue. I "Oh, the unbappy man !" said will not repeat all that was said of me 1 where is he? the Burgomaster, by women who envicd my benuty, or what brings you here? Can you the scandalous stories of men who forgive himı? Shall we ever see him could find no fault in me but my virtuc. Suffice it to say that I was trod • We shall not see him again," den in the dust, and through grief and anid the Stranger, “ I have forgiven anguish nearly lost my senses. I pro him, but blood for blood. He could cured the administration of my hus never forgive himself. He lived band's affairs in accordance with the eight years in Copenhagen, at the contents of a will which he had ex Court of King Christian the Fourth, ecuted in my favouf, and withdrew as head-chemist, for this Prince was for many years into a religious house. much addicted to the secret scien- At length scandal ceased to rage, After the death of the King, and I occupied myself in preparing he wandered about from one court medicines for the sick people whom to another, ever pursued by his the nuns tended." conscience, and if he saw or heard “ Your misfortune touches me,' of nuts, he was dreadfully agiinterposed the Burgomaster ; ( but tated. At length he came to your the manner in which you spoke of and when he heard the fatal verse, the conduct of your brother gave me fed to Basle. There he lived, the impression that he was rather till the nutting season came round, your lover than your brother.” when he again became a prey to “Oh, sir," said the stranger, " that grief. His course was run. He trais the chief cause of my misery. He velled to Lyons, and gave himself loved me with greater affection than up to justice. He had a tender interwas befitting, but strove manfully to view with me, in which he spoke to resist the evil effect of my beauty. me affectionately, and begged my He frequently never saw me for forgiveness. Alas! I had forgiven ġears' together, and even refrained hin long before. He requested me from writing to me, but this time to leave France immediately after necessity had driven him, and he his disgraceful death, and to go to could not resist seeing me. My Colmar, where he said I should be husband did not know him, and hospitably received by the worthy had married him in order to avoid Burgomaster. Two days after this my brother's love. Alas! it was he was beheaded in the neighbourended by his death! My husband, hood of the chapel, where the murstung with jealousy, left his labora der had been committed, before an tory early. The maid told him that immense concourse of people. He I had gone to the bagnio. A rus knelt down, broke off three walnuts picion of my infidelity crossed his from the tree which had borne my mind, and taking with him a double brother's death fruit, and divided barrelled pistol, he followed me to then with me, embracing me tender- ·He The Novels of Cervantes. clxvii ly. I was then led into the chapel, prayer. however said with a where I sunk down on my knees in loud voice : Unica nux prodeçt, nocet altera, tertia mors est, . and at the last word, a stroke of the the age of her brother, and when she sword put an end to his wretched ex repied that had he lived, he would 'istence. Such is my story.' then have been just 46 years old, When the unhappy wolnan had he cried out joyfully--- Right, you ended her narration, the Burgomaster are quite right! he is of exactly that took her hand and said, ** Unhappy age, for he still lives. Amelia, I am lady! be assured that I am deeply your brother! I was changed in moved by your sorrowful story, and infancy by my nurse for the son of will endeavour. to the best of my the artisan Maggi. Your brother power, to desire the confidence which was not in love with you. It was your husband placed in my probity." the son of the Maggi who bore your As he spoke thus, and the tears brother's name, and met with so unfell from his eyes, he liappened to timely a fate. Happy am I that I observe a signet ring which the wohave found you." man had on her hand. He recog The lady could not comprehend nized on it a crest which excited his this speech, but the Burgomaster attention. The woman said to him proved to her from the deposition of that it was her brothers signet ring, the nurse, when on the bed of death, “ And his name was — " asked the that this exchange had actually Burgomaster eagerly—“ Prantaz, taken place, and she sank in the replied the stranger: “Our father arms of her newly found, brother. was a Savoyard, and had a farm in She superintended the Burgomaster's Montpellier." household until his death, after At this the Burgomaster was much which she retired to the nunnery of moved. He ran to his desk, and St. Clara, in Colmar, to which contook from it several papers which vent she dedicated all her property. he began to read. He enquired A. B. TUIE NOVELS OF CERVANTES. (Translated from the Original.) DIALOGUE OF THE DOGS OF THE HOSPITAL OF THE RESURREC- TION-SCIPIO AND BERGANZA. 2 8CIPIO. . thee, yet I can scarcely credit it,, as “ Friend Berganza, let us to • the fact of our speaking appears to night leave the Hospital, trusting me to surpass the sliinits of nature." to its being protected", and retire to this solitude, where, among these mats, we can enjoy, without fear of « Such is the truth, Berganza, discovery, this unexampled gift and the miracle becomes greater, which heaven has conferred when we not only discourse, but dia bothrat the same time.' course rationally, as if we were pos- BERGANZA. sessed of reason, which is not the “ Brother Scipio, I hear thee case ; for the difference between speak, and I know that I speak to man and the brute animal is that In the original." en guarda de la confiance"-under the guard of confidence. The menn ing is—trusting to thc Hospital's being known to be well guarded, and taking the chance of this reputation sumicing for its protection in their absence. upon us ·clxviii The Novels of 'Cerventes. BERGANZA. 6 Scipio. man is a rational animal, and the that our being gifted with speech, brute irrational." so unexpectedly, falls under the "category of those things called por- " All that thou sayest, Scipio, I tents and wlicn these make their apunderstand, and that thou speakest, pearance, experience proves that and that I understand thee, fills'me some great calamity menaces the with new adiniration and new wenpeople.' der. It is true that in the course BERGANZA. of my life I have heard, on many “In this way it would not be much different occasions, olır faculties so if I were to consider as a portenthighly extolled, that come have ous sign what I heard a student say, even been of mpinion that we are passing by Ascala de Henares. gifted with a natural instinct, so SCIPIO lively and so keen in many things, “What didst thou hear him say?" as to give indications that very little BERGANYA. is wanting to prove that we possess a kind of intellect capable of reason- “ Tlsat drit of five thousand stuing." dents who attended the University that year, two thousand studied me- “ What I have heard praised, dicine." and most highly valued, is our SCIPIO. great memory, our gratitude, and 6 Well, and what dost thou infer great fidelity--so much so, that it from that?" is the custom to represept us as the BÇRGANZA. symbol of friendship. Thus thou “ I infer what, either these two wilt have seen,if thou hast becn thousand students must have sick observant, that on the toinbs of alapeople to cure, which would be a baster, where are carved the forms most dire calanity, or that they must of those buried beneath, when the • die of hunger." deceased are husband and wife, the nigure of a dog is placed at their feet between the two, in token of the “ Be it'as it may, portent or not, friendship and inviolable fidelity converse ; for, what Heaver they preserved towards each other has ordainca, no effort of huduring life.” man wisdom can prevent, so that we need not dispute as to how or wherefore we talk. It will be bet- 6 I well know that there have ter to enjoy this lucky day or lucky been dogs so faithful, that they night at home, and since we have have cast tłemselves into the same so good a onés among those mats, graves with the dead bodies of and we know not how long our good their masters. Others have seated fortune may last, let us take advanthemselves on the sepulchres where tage of it, and talk the whole night their lords were entombed, never without permitting sleep to deprive stirring from their, or eating, until us of a pleasure coveted by me for the termination of their lives. I also know that, after the elephantą a very long time. the dog occupies the first place as regards intelligence, then the horse, "And by me too, for since I had and lastly the ape." strength to gnaw a bone, I longed to speak, in order to give utterance to - SCIRTO: things that I had committed to memo- « Such is the case ; but thou ry, and which, ffom their great number must confess that thou hast neiand the time that had elapsed, either ther scen, nor heard it said, that got very rusty or were altogether forany elephant, dog, horse or ape, gotten. But now that I see myself so evør spoke ; from which I gather unexpectedly enriched with the divine G SCIPIO. we BERGANZA. BERGANZA.

·SCIPIO. SOPIO. BTRGANZA. and now BERGANZA. The Novels of Cervantes. clxix gift of speech, it is my intention to sand in its flaughter-house, which is take advantage and enjoy it as much outside the Prierta de da Carnc, from as I can, hastening to relate every- , which I might have inferred-Were it thing that I may remember, although not for what I will hereafter tell thee it be in a hurried and confused man that my parents must have been masner, for I know not when the boon tiffs of the kind bred by those highwhich I look upon as lent for a priests of that disorderly place who time' may be withdrawn from me." arcadenominated butchers. The first master that I knew was named Nico- “Let it be done in this way, friend las el Romo, (the flat nosed) a robust Berganza. Recount to me tonight all those who work in the shambles. youth, strong and choleric, as are thy life, and the perils-thou hast past The said Nicolas taught me and before arriving at thy present position, other puppies, accompanied by old and if to-morrow night we retain mastiffs, to attack the bulls, and seize the faculty of speech, I will relate them by the ears. In this I sucmine; for it is better to spend the time in telling our histories than in ceeded very easily, and became a prying into the histories of other perfect adept at the work.” people." “ That does not surprize me, Ber- “I have always considered thee, ganza, for as evil doing comes as na- Scipio, as wise and friendly, turally as the harvest, so it is very more so than ever; for as a friend easy to learn it." thou desirest to communicate thy adventures, and be made acquainted “What things could I tell thee, with mine, and thy wisdoin is shown brother Scipio, that I have seen in in selecting the proper tiine to relate thosc shambles? and what astoundbut see, first, if any one can ing events are of common occurrence there? First, thou hast to understand that all from the youngest to the old- “ No one, as I believe, except a est, who work in them, are people of ldier who is near us, undergoing & great width of conscience, merciless, course of sudorifics ; hut he will be feiring neither king nor law court, far more disposed at this time to and the most of then living in concuslcep than to be listening to any binage. They are as carnivorous as birds of prey. They support themselves and their female friends “Well, if I can thus securely by robbery. Every morning, on speak, listen ; and .fo what I relate slaughtering days, before the dawn, should fatigue thee, either take me to an immense multitude of wenches task for it, or desirc me to be silent." and boys crowd to the shambles, obringing with them bags, which com- “Speak until the day dawns, or ing empty, return filled with pieces until we are heard. I will listen to of meat, the girl carrying away thee with the greatest pleasure, with nearly whole pieces of loin and out interrupting thee, unless I see a other delicate parts. Not an ox is killed without these people levying necessity for so doing." tithes, and firstfruits selected from the best and most savoury portions. As « Methinks that the first time I in Seville there are no meat contracgazed upon the sun, it was in Seville, tors, * every one brings the cattle he them; hear us. 19 SCIPIO. BERGANZA. SCIP10. BERGANZA. * in Spain It is a very general custom to give a monopoly of the meat market to any party who undertakes to supply the public at the cheapest rate. This is done by public age. tion, sometimes daily, sometimes weekly, and the owners of caitle bid against each other to obtain the privilege of supplying the public exclusively. The butchers at the shambles are paid so much a head for slaughtering They have nothing to do with the sale of their ·clxx The Norels of Cervantes. BERGANZA. SCIPIO. pleases, and the slanghter commen- counting them-I mean to say there ces cither wit.lft the highest or the aro some stories, although told without lowest quality, and with this arrange- preambles or prnainents of rhetoric, inent there is always great abun that are very pleasing. Others there dance. The owners implore the are that require to be clothed in fine protection of these worthy popple language, and derive great assistance that I speak of not to refrain from from the inovements of hands, the robbing thent, for that is impossible modulations of voice, and the gesti- -but to be moderate in the slices, culations of countenance, so that an and the cunning tricks they practice indifferent tale, from being weak on the slaughtered cattle, which they and languid, is made witty and prune and pare as if they were willows pleasing Do not forget to take ador vines. But nothing surprized me vantage of this advice in what remore, or appeared to ine worse, than mains for thee to toll. to see these butchers kill a man with the same readiness as they would kill a cow. For the veriest trifle, “ I will do so if I can, and if the in the twinkling of an eye, they strong temptation I have to talk gives -stick a yellow hapdled knife into me an opportunity, although it doesapthe belly of a human being as if pear to me that I will have very great they were mazarding a bull. It is difficultyein keeping myself in hand.” a miracle if a day passes without fights of wounds, and sometimes Keep control over thy tongue, deaths. All plume themselves on their for it is the cause of the greatest bravery, and they are, even given evils to mankind." to some of the practices of bullies. BERGANZA. There is not onewithout a protector "Well, then, I must tell thee that in the Squarc of St. Francis, bribed with loins and ox tongues. Finally, I my master taught me to carry a have heard a person of good judgbasket in my mouth, and to defend it against any ment say that the king had three attempting te take it from me. He also show- Places in Seville to bring under his control-the Calle de la Caza, the ed me tne house of his mistress, Costanilla," and the Shambles." « which enabled her, to dispense with the attendance of the servant girl at . SCIPIO. the shambles, for very early in the “ If in relating the characters of morning I conveyed to her every the masters thou hast had, and the thing he had stolen during the night. faults of their craft, thou art to be One day, about the dawn, when I 80 dilatory, friend Berganza, as thou was diligently carrying her share to hast been this time, it will be neces her, I heard 'Some one call me by sary to petition heaven to grant us name from a window. I raised my the use of speech for at least a year. eyes, and saw a young woman, ex- Eren then I fear that at the pace tremely beautiful. I halted for a thou art proceeding thou wilt not short time, and she came down to the reach the half of thy history. There street door, and again called me. I is one thing I wish to bring to thy approached her to learn what she notice, the truth of which thou wilt #anted, which was nothing else thun experience when I relate to thee the to take from me every thing that. events of my life, and it is that some was in the busket, and put in their tales contain the germs of excellence place an old clog. Then, said I to within theraselveç, and others owe myself, the flesh has gone to the their excellence to the manner of re flesh. The yqing woman, after havone meat. This system frequently caures a scarcity in the supply. In Seville, where there was free trader Cervantes informs us, the supply was abundant. A stavet on a declivity in Seville, where fairs were held.

·The Norkels of Cervantes. clxxi mare. owner. 1 BERGANZA. ing deprived me of the meat, ex-when shouting,To, To,+ he called me claimed “Be off with you, Gavilan, to him. I, who desifed nothing else, (sparrow hawk,) or whatever your, approgched hiin, hanging down my name may be, and tell your master, head and wagging my tyil. He patted the flat-nosed 'Nicolas, to place no me on the back, opened my mouth, trust in animals, and that we take expectorated in it, examined my from the basket of the stingy what tusks, found out my age, and then ever we can get. could easily have told the other shepherd's that I had retaken from her what she had de all the points of a dog of good breed. prived me of, but I refrained, not At this moment the master of the wishing to defilc, with my filthy, cattle arrived, trotting on a grey blood-stained mouth, those clean and He was equipped with lance fair hands. and shield, so that he looked more like a coast guard than a cattle He said to the shepherd, “ Thou actedst rery properly, as • What dog is this that has every it is the privilege of beauty to be always held in respect." appearance of being a good one ?' Your worship may well believe that,' replied the shepherd,' I have “ I did so, and returned to my examined liin well, and there is not master without the ment, and with a point about him that does not prothe clog. It struck him that I had mise und demonstrate that he must returned very quickly. He looked be a first-rute dog. He came here at the clog, divined the trick, and just now, and I do not know to taking out his yellow handled knife, whom he belongs, although I do aimed a stab at me, which, hnd I know that lie does not belong to any not uroided, thou wouldst never of the cattle folds in the neighbourhave heard either this story, nor the hood.' many others that I intend to relate ««• This being the case,' said the to thee. I took to my heels, and master, put on hin the collar of pursuing the road behind St. Ber Lconcillo, the dog that died, and nard, as fast as legs and feet cold give liim the same rations as tine carry me, I scoured across those otlers. Be as kind to him as you plains of God, wherever fortune possibly can, that he may take a might carry me. liking to the fold, and henceforth * I slept that night under the ca remain in it.' nopy of heaven, and next day my Saying this, he went away, and good luck led me to a fold or flock the shepherd fastened on my neck a of sheep and cattle. The inomcnt I mastift's collar, stuck full of sharp saw it, I believed that I had found the steel spikes, having first given me a perfection of a resting place, it ap great quantity of milk porridge in a pearing to me to be the proper and na- trough. At the same time he gave tural business of dogs to watch over me a name, calling me Barcino. I cattle, a business distinguished by the found myself well fed, and was well great virtue of favouring and protect- pleased with my second master, and ing the humble and the weak against my new business. I guarded the flock the prond and the powerful. Scarce with the greatest diligence and care, ly was I perceived by one of three never separating from it, except to shepherds who guarded the flock, Sleep the siesta, which I was accus- 9 > * lo the original " del lobo un pelo, y ese de lu expuerta. The phrase " del lobo un pelo, y exe de la frente" is very common in Spain, and means literally" from the wolf a hair, and that from the forehead." origin of the phrase I do not know, but its metaphorical signi. fication is "to take from the stingy anything he will give." Cervantes very wittily substitutes thu word “espuerta." the dog's basket, for “ frente," the forchead. This is one of the pag. sages to which no translator can do justice. wt " To, To-abbreviation of Toma, Tumu-take it, take it. Phrase used in Spain to call a dog."

·clxxii The Novels of Cervantes. SCIPIO. tomed to do sometimes berteath the shepherds and shepherdesses, relatshade of a tree, or overhanging bank, ing how they spent their lives singing or rock; sometimes under a brish, or and playing upon flageolets, bagpipes, on the banks of one of the many ri lutes hautbeys, and other extraordivulets that run near that spot. These, nary instruments. I lingered to hear hours of repose were not passed on her read how the shepherd of Anidleness, for I exercised the memory friso sarg in divinest style, laudingin recalling to mind many things, the peerless Belisirda ; how in ali especially the life that I led in the the woods of Arcadia there was not shambles, and the life that my mas a single trez on whose trunk he had ter led, and that of all those who, not sat, singing from the time that like him, are compelled to comply the sun rose in the arms of Aurora, with the unreasonable freaks of their till he set in thosc of Thetis ; how female friends. Oh! what things even after night had spread her could I now tell thee that I learned black and gloomy wings over the face in the school of that slaughter-house of the carth, he ceased not to pour dame of my master ; but I must forth in song his plaintive sorrows. preserve silence regarding thein, She forgot not to read of the shepherd Iest thou takert re for a long Elicio, more amorous than valiant, tongued censurer. who, it is said, neglected his loves and his locks, to attend to the " As I have heard that a great woes of others. She related also how the great shepherd of Filipuću among the ancients said that it was difficult to refrain from writing da, the unique delincator of a poctical portrait, had been inore confiding satires, I will conserxi to thy censur than fortuna: . Of the faintings of ing lightly, but not mischievously ; by which I mean that thou mayest Sireno, and the repentance of Diana, indicate, but not wound nor scoff at she said she gave tharks to God, and the sage Felicia, wlio with her enany one in a markid manncr ; for chanted water unravelled that heap detraction is not good, should it even of entanglements, and she adored ause great'laughter, if it distresses thai labyrinth of difficulties. I reany one ; and if thou canst pleaso without it, I will look upon thee 19 inembered many other books of this description which i heard her read, very discreet." b'it they were not worthy of being re-called to memory. “I will take thy advice, and I will wait with great anxiety the time " Thou goest on, Berganza, proto arrive for thce to relate thy ad fiting by any advice ; critcize, strike ventures; for he who so well under and pass on, erd let thy intention stands, and can correct the faults of be pure, although it may nou appear my narrative, will be able to relate in thy language. his own in a manner to instruct and delight at the same time. But, to "In these matters the tongue nere-unite the broken thread of my ver trips, unless the intention fails story, I must tell thee that in the si first, but if perchance from carelesslence and solitude of my sicslas, I ness or malice I should be guilty of bethought me, among other things, detraction, I will reply to any one that it could not be true what I had who may reprimand me, what Manheard tell of the lives of shepherds, leon, a billy poet, and professor of at least of those shepherds of whom jests in the Academy of mimic, rethe daine of my manter used to read plied to one who asked him, what was in certain books when I went to her the meaning of Deum de Deo? he anshouse. All these books treated of wered that it meant de donde diere." *“ De donde dipre," is a phrase used to dienote the doing or saying any thing inconsiderately. I do not sec thc wit of the reply, and am very much of Scipio's opinion that it was the reply of a simpleton. BERGANZA. SCIPIO. BERGANZA.

·Tho Novels of Cervantes clxxiii SCIPIO. & BERGANZA. SCIPIO. " That was the answer of a sim- . Encugh, Berganza, return to pleton ; but thou, if thou art lis thy path, and get on with thy crect or desirest to be so, will never story." say a thing that requires an apoloey. Go on with thy story." ; BERGÍNZA.. “I am obliged to thee; friend Scipio, for if thou hadst not admonish- “ All the thoughts that I have com ed me, my inouth was warming with municated to thee, and many more, my subject to such an extent, that were suggested to me by the differ I would not zhave stopped until I ent manners and ways of my shep had described to thee a book full of herds, and all the rest of the same those things which had deceived me class, from those shepherds of whom I 80 much ; but a time will come had heard read of in books ; because when I will relate the whole in a if inine sung, they were not songs well more copious and better style than composed or well tuned, 'but such at present." « Cata el lobo, Do vn Juanica. SCIPIO. “Look to the wolf, Where goeth Junnica," and others of the same descrip- “Look to thy feet, and thou wilt untion. These too were sung, not with ravel the knot, Berganza--by which the accompanimentof hautboys, lutes I mean that thou shouldst take into or flageolets, but to the sound thatone consideration that thou art an ani. crook makes when struck against anmal, destitute of reason, and if at preother, or to that of a few small tiles sent thou givest proof of possessing clashed together between the fingers. a little, remember we have ascertain- Nor were the voices good, delicate or ed that it is a super mural and unheard of event." musical, but so rough, that, whether alone, or together, they sounded, not as if they were singing, but “ That might be the case, if I screaming or groaning. They were as ignorant as at first; but passed the greater part of the day now that I have recalled to my re- Clcuning themselves from verinin, collection all that I intended to reor mending their coccse leather late to thee from the commencement sandals. Nor among them were any of our conversation, my wonder is, named Amarilis, Filida, Galatea or not that I speak so muck, but that Diana. There were no Lisardos, I leave so much unspoken." Lausos, Jacintos or Riselos; they SCIPIO. were all Antonys, Domingos, Pauls or Llorentes, from when I conclud “Well, canst thou nog tell me ed that all these books were works now the things thou reinemberest." of imagination, written for the amusement of the idle, and had not 3** It is a "certain adventure that a word of truth in them; for if they happened to me with a great witch, were true, there would have been the disciple of Carnacha de Monamong my shepherds some traces ) tilla." of that most felicitous life, those pleasant meadows, spacious woods, sacred groves, ' beautiful gardens, "I requestthee to tell it before proceeding with the history of thy life." pellucid streams, and crystalline fountairs; some of those love pas sages so virtuous and 80 well word- 6. That will I not do for 'certain, ed-here a shepherd swooning, there until the proper time. Be patient a shepherdess, thither the sound of a and listen to my adventures in their pipe, and hither that of a flageolet. order, as in this way they will give BERGANZA. . BERGANZA. : SCIPIO. BERGANZA. * An allusion to Cervantes' itended continuation of the Galates, which he dever continued. VOL. I.NO. VI.

·clxxiv The Novels of Cervantes. we were thee greater pleasure, unless thou ture him. Every week art tired and desirest to know the, roused to repel a sudden attack, middle before the beginning. anel I fixed upon one very durk scurio. night, resolved to see those wolves “Be brief, and relate what thoa against which it was impossible to chooseßt, apd in the way that thou guard the flock. I hid myself beath a bushe dogs, my coinpachoosest. nions, passing on ahead and from BERGANZA. that place I peeped and saw two shep- “I must tell thee then that I liked herds seize upon a ram of the best well the business of rzuarding the of the sheepfold, and kill him in flock, as it appeared to me that I such a way, that next morning it ate the bread of my own toil and really appeared as if the wolf had labour, and that I had nothing to do been his executioner. I was as with idleness, the root and mother tounded, andremained thunderstruck of all the vices ; for although I took to find that the shepherds were the rest in the day time, I slept not wolves, and that they slaughtered during the night, as the wolves were the cattle which they ought to have constantly assailing us, and compel- protected. They immediately gave ling us to run to the defence. The notice Sb the master of the carnage shepherds would scarcely have made by the wolf. They gave him shouted « At the wolf Barcino," the skin, and some of the flesh, and wo'en 1, 'foremost of all the dogs, ate themselves the most and the rushed to the spot where the wolf had best. The master again reprimandbeen zinted out w me. I scoured «Pd them, and again the dogs were the valleys, pynlored the hills, dived punished. There were no wolves, into the woods, lcaped over preci but the flock decreased. I was pices, crossed the high roads, and anxious to discover the whole, but in the morning returned to the fold, I was dumb, and this caused me to breathless, tired to death, and my feet marvel, and filled ine with affliction. cut open with the splintered branch- "Good God," said I to myself, es of trees, without having seen a "who can put an end to this wickwolf or the traces of one. edness ? who will ever be able to arrival at the fold, I found either a explain thất the defenders are the dead sheep, or a rain throttled, and offenders, that the centinels sleep, half devotired by the wolf. I was that the trusted are the robbers, and in a state of desperation at finding that the guards are the slayers ?" of how little use were my great care and labours. The master of the flock would come, and the “Thou sayest well, Berganza, for shepherds would turn out to rethere is no greater or more skilful ceive him with the skins of the thiet than the domestic, and so the "dead cattle. Ele reproached the confiding are sacrificed much more shepherds for their negligence, and than the suspicious; but the mischief ordered the dogs to be punished for is, that it is impossible for people to their idleness. Cudgel blows rained get through the world without putupon us, and reproofs upon them. « ting faith and trust in others. But One day, sceing that I had been let us drop the matter here, as I do chastised without any fault, and not wish us to appear as preachers that all my care, swiftness, and cougo on with thy story." rage were of no avail to catch the wolf, I determined to change my “ To proceed. I determined tactics. I would not, as had been leave that business, although it apmy custom, go in search of him at a peared so good, and select another, distance from the flock, but lie in where in doing my duty, if were wait close to it, and as the wolf not remunerated, at least I would came there, I would be sure to cap not be punished. I returned to Se- On my SCIPIO. BERGANZA. - ·The' Novels of Cervantes, clxxv - SCIPIO. SCIP10. BERGANZA. BERGANZA. ville, and entered the service of a him, and when the -Inaster arrived, very wealthy shopkeeper." I would hang down my head, and wagging my tail move towards him, and lick his shoes with my tongue. “ What methods did you adopt to If I was driven out with cudgelget a new master? because, accordblows, I suffered them, and yith uning to the usage of the present day, dirrinished gentleness, i would fawn it is very difficult for an honest man to obtain service with a master. The upon the hand that drubbed me. lords of the earth are very different In this way, seeing my obstinacy and my honourable object, the from the Lord of heaven. The first, before receiving a servent, pry into blows were not repeated, and with his descent, examine his capabilities, a little pertinacity I remained in the house. I served well, and in a short note his neatness of person, and even wish to know what clothes he is postime was so well liked, that nobody dismissed inc, unless indeed I dissessed of ; but to enter the service of missed myself, or, rather went off. God, the poorest is the richest; the I found a master, in whose house most humble of the highest lineage, and if one is only disposed to serve I might perhaps have been to this day if an adverse fate had not perhim with a pure heart, he is admitted secuted me. to the enjoyment of rewards which are so many and so great, that they “In the very same way that thou surpass the desires of the heart." hast related did I obtain entrance into the houses of the masters I “ All this is preaching, frien! served, and it would appear - if we Scipio." had read each other's thoughts." SCIPIO. “ So it does appear to me, and so “ We have coincided in other I will be silent. things as well as in this, if I mistake BERGANZA. not, and I will relate them to you “In reply to thy question as to in due season, as I have promised; my method of obtaining service, thou but now listen to what happened to "Sinuwest that humility is the root and me, after I left the cattle under the ofoundation of all the virtues, and charge of those vagabonds. I rethat without it there is no virtue. turned, as I told you, to Seville, Humility removes obstacles and con which is the asylum of the poor, and quers difficulties, and is ever the sure the refuge of the outcast, in whose megns to conduct us to noble ends : vastness not only is there room for of enemies she makes friends ; she the humble, but even the softens th- wrath of the passionate, not attract attention. I approached and subdues the arrogance of the the door of a great house belonging to proud. She is the mother of modes a shopkeeper. I exerted myself in ty, and the sister of temperance. the usual way, and in a short time Finally, the vices can gain no victo remained in it. They took me in ry over her of any importance, for and tied me behind the door during the arrows of sin become blunted and the day, and let me loose during pointless when brought into contact the night. I did. my duty with with her meekness and gentleness. great care and assiduity. I'barked Of this quality then I availed myself at strangers, and growled at those when I desired to obtain service that were little known. I slept not in any house, having first considered during the night, prowling through and taken care that the house could courtyards, ascending terraces, and support and give admission to a large keeping a general watch over my own dog. I then approached the door, and other peoples' houses. My masand when anyone who appearter was so well pleased with my ed to me to be a stranger, at good services, that he ordered me to tempted to enter, I would bark at be well treated, a raton of bread to great do ·clxxvi The Novels of Cerdantes. be given to me and also the boncs thirty-two flowers to place on a that were taken away orthrown from monument covered with black cloth, his table, along with the leavings of and to these cuttings be attached so the kitchen.' I showed my gratitude muda valye, that he would take his for all this by continually leaning friends to sec them, as if he were about whenever I saw my master, taking them to see the banners and and particularly when he came home spoils of enemies, placed on the I made so many demonstrations of toinbs of his fathers and forefathers. joys and leaped about so wildly, that This shopkeeper" then had two my master ordered ife to be untied, sons, the Sne twelve and the other and permitted to go looge both day about fourteen years of age, who and night. When I found myself li studied granfmar in the school of berated, I ran to him, and coursed the Jesuits. They, went in a very round him, not daring to touch him ostentatious manner, accompanied with my pawn, as I remembered the by a tutor and pages who carried fable of Æsop, where that jackass was their books, and the one that is such an ass as to attempt to caress called the Vademecum. On seeing his master in the same way as did them go with go much pomp, using a little pet dog of his, and earned for chairs if the sun was powerful, or carhimself a sound drubbing.. It ap riages if it rained, I could not help peared to me that in this fable we are reflecting on, and contrasting the given to understand that the accom plain style in which their father intents and pleasantries of some went to the Exchange to transact his do not appear well in others. Let business; for hic took no other serthe buffoon scoff, tkc jiggler tumble vant with himn than a negro, and and exhibit tricks of sleight-of sometimes lie condescended to go on hand ; let the rogue counterfeit the a little mule, not even well caparibraying of an ass, and the low fel soned." low, who has applied himself to it, SCIPIO. imitate the singing of birds, and the “Thou must know, Berganza, that various grimaces and actions of it is the custom and fashion of the beasts and men, but let not the man * shopkeepers of Seville, and even of of good birth do these thipgs, for other cities, to exhibit their authesi-e he can derive no credit or honor ty and weakh, not in their own per-. from a knowledge of such tricks." sons, but in those of their sons; for the shopkeepers are greater in their shadows than in themselves, and as "Enough, Berganza, go on, for I understand thee." they scarcely, by any chance, attend to anything but their dealings and contracts, they ne in a simple manner. « Would to God that, as thou But as they long to manifest their understandest me, those that I in wealth and ambition, they find a end it for would understand the vent for them with their sons, whom also, for there is something--I know they treat and exalt as if they were not what it is in my nature that the sons of princes; and some there afflicts me greatly when I see a gen- earę who obtain for them titles, and tleman become a thimble rigger, and those insignia to place on their boast of his dexterous play with the breasts, which distinguish so much cups and the nuts, and that no one people of rank from plebeians." can rival him in dancing the chacona. I know a gentleman that prided " It is ambition, but a noble ambihimself on having at the splicita- tion, which impels men to better their tions of a sacristan, cut out in paper condition without injury to others." • I have translated the word “ mercuder," shopkeeper, which is its true meaning, now, but it is probable, that i the days of Cervantes, the word was applied to merchant of all classes as the mercader of the dialogue is represented going to tho Exchange, and transacting his business. Also the wealth, pride and ambition of the other mercaders, and their obtaining ytes for their ad_s, would seem to indicate a higher class than shopkeepers. SCIPIO. BERGANZA. BERGANZA.

·The Novels of Cernantes. clxxyii SCIPIO. BERGANZA. Warn ) throw these little huirs into the sea, Rarely or never are the ends of as the boys say,* and let us slander ambition attained without injiry to no more. Pursue thy tale which others." thou leftest off after describing the BERGANZA. pomp with which the sons of the “ We have already agregd not to shopkeeper, thy master, went to the be too severe in pur criticisms.' sçhool of the Company of Jesus." SCIPIO, “Well, I am not criticising any “To Flim I commend myself kinder one.' every circumstance. Although I BERGANYA. hold it to be a very difficult thing to “ Now am I confirmed in the leave off scandal, yet I am thinking truth of what I have very often heard. of trying a reinedy which I heard A mendacious backbiter has scarcely was resorted to by a great swearer, completed the ruin of ten families, who, repenting his evil habit, gave and loaded with caluminies*twenty himself a pinch on the arın, or kisshonest men, when, if any one calls ed the ground as a punishment for him to account for what he has said, his fault every time that he swore he replies that he has sa il nothing, after his pentance; but with all this he continued to swear. and if he did say anything, he did not intend to do any harm, and if In like manner every time that I he had thought that any one would break through the precept thou hast have taken offence, he would not given me, and my own resolution have said it. By my faith, Scipio, not to slander, I will bite the point the man who attempts to carry on of my tongue, so as to paih me, and two hours of conversation without me against committing the touching on the limits of slander, same fault again." must have a great deal of know- SCIPTO. ledge, and be very much on his “Thy remedy is of such a nature, guard. Why, I find in my alf, that if thou stickest to it, I expect animal as I am, that I have hardly that thou wilt bite thy tongue so ofdelivered inyself of a few arguments ten, that thou wilt remain without when words crowd to my tongue, one, and so be deprived of the power like flies to wine, and all of them of slandering." slanderous and malicious. I there- BERGANZA fore repeat what I have before said, " At all cvents I will, on my part, that we inherit cvil deeds and evil speech from our first parents, and do my best, and may heaven supply imbibn it in our milk. This is what is wanting. In continuation clearly seen in the child who has of my story, I must tell thee that scarcely liberated his arm from his the sons of my master one day bandages, when he raises his hand, left a portfolio in the court yard, endeavouring to revenge hiniself • where I happened to be at the same upon any one who may appear to time, and as I was accustomed to have offended him, and alınost the carry the basket of my master the first articulate word that he specks, butcher, I seized the Vademecum, is to call his mother or his nurse a * and followed them with the intention jade." of not leiting it go until I reached the school. Every thing turned out SCIPIO. as I desired, for my masters, who saw 6. That is true, and I confess my me come with the Vademecum in my cryor, and beg thee to pardon me, as mouth, holding it carefully by the I have pardoned thee often. Let us strings, ordered one of their pages " Echemos prlillos a la mar is a phrase used when parties are reconcilod after a quarrel and wish the past to be forgotten. It is derived from a custom of Spanish boys who bound themselves to keep faith to each other by pulling a hair out of their heads, blowing it away and exclaiming "pelillos a la mar." > ·clxxviii The Novels of lervattes. to take it from me, but I did not that my masters were well pleased that allow it, nor dfa I let it go until I I should carry the Vademecum for entered the school-room, where my them, which I aid with great good appearance caused great laughter will. "Ma this play ! passed the life of a among the students. I approached - king, and even better, for it was a the eldest of iny masters, and, in ity very easy one, as the students got into own opinion, placed the book witha the habit of amusing themselves with the greatest courtesy in his hands, me, and I became so tame with and remained seated on my hams them, that they would put their near the door of the school-roorn, hands into my month, and the little gazing at and intently examining ones would mount on my back. the professor, who was reading in the They used to throw away their bonchair. I cannot understand what se nets and hats, and I would bring cret power lies in virtue, for although them back to them in the cleanest I possessed little or nothing of it, I manner, and with demonstrations of at once derived pleasure from con the greatest delight. They used to teinplating the affectionate beha give me as Inany things to eat as viour, the solicitude and industry they could, and it was great amusewhich those good fathers, and masment to them, when they gave me ters employed in teaching those nuts or filberts, to see me cruck them children, guiding the inexperienced like a monkey, throwing away the steps of their youth, that they might shells and eating the kernels. There not veled to evil ways, or go astray were some who, to test my dexterity, from the path of virtue which they brought me in a handkerchief a taught to thein in commort with other great quantity, of salad, which I ate branches of learning. I remarked like a human being. It was the how they reproved them with gen winter season, at which time, in tleness, chastised them with mercy, Seville, the manchets' and butterroused them by example, stimulated cakes are in greatest perfection, and them with rewards, and exercised I was so well supplied with thein, wise forbearance towards them. that more than two Antony's* were Finally, I observed, how they des pawned or sold in order that I might cribed to them the hideouis deformi breakfast. Finally, I led the life of ty of vice, and painted in glowing & student without hunger or the itch, colors the beauty of virtue, that, by which is the highest eulogium that abhorring the one, and loving the can be made upon its excellence, for other, they might attain the object if the itch and hunger were not so for which they were created." inseparable from the condition of students, no other life could be com- “Thou sayest well, Berganza, for pared to theirs the pleasure and pas I have heard it alleged of that holy hand in hand, and their youth is time, as virtue and enjoyment go people, that as statesmen there are none so prudent in the whole world, spent in learning and in recreation. From this glorious state of repose I and that as guides and leaders of the road to heaven there are few to equal was ousted by a lady, who, I believe, them. They are mirrors from whence is called in these parts, reason of are reflected purity, trae doctrine, ,' be complied with, they must be made state. When her exigencies are to singular wisdom, and, finally, profound humility, the basis upon which patent by many other kinds of reais raised the whole fabpic of happi- ters thought that the half hour" al- It happened that those maslowed between each lesson was spent BERGANXA. by the students, not in going over “ It is all as thou describest ; but their lessons, but in playing with me, to pursue my story. Ippust tell thee and so they ordered my masters not SCIPIO. Bons. Dess. * Probably the name of a book.

·BERGANZA. Tlde Novels of Cervantçs. clxxix to take me any more to the school. ing to philosophizry, which thou Bay- They obeyed, took me home, and est, has come over three ; for detracconsigned me to the old place of tion has no better veil to cover and watch at the door, and the ord gen conccal its licentioulas wickedness, tleinan, having forgot the favour he than when the detractor persuades had accorded to me of running about Liself that all his sayings are the loose night and day, they again chain maximns of philosophors, and that to ed ine by the neck, anal placed me speak evil things is to reprehend on a little mat that wag laid behind them, and to point out the fault of the door for me. " Ah, friend Scipio, others is a coinmendable zeal. There if thou knewest how cruel are the suf is not a single back-biter whose life, ferings in passing froin a happy to an if thou wilt observe and examine it unhappy state! I tell thee that when well, will not be found fraught with misery and misfortunes have been vice and insolence- and now that of long duration, and without inter thon knowest this, philosophize as ruption, death speedily puts an end much as thou pleasest." to them, or if not, their continuation renders their endurance a custom or habit from which is derived some al "Thou mayest rest assured, Scipio, leviation during their grer test rigour; that I will censure a little more, for but when from an unhappy and ini. I have made a resolution to that serable condition, one passes sudden effect. It happened then, that as I ly and unexpectedly to the enjoyment was all day idle, and as idiëtiers of one of prosperity, happiness, and causes cogitation, I began to recapijoy, and from that again, in a short tulate some Latin phranog which I time, returns to his former statc, and still remembered out of a great numhis former hardships aud miseries, ber I had learned when I accompathen is the anguish so severe, that if nied my masters to school, as it apit does not destro'y life, it makes life peared to me they improved to some intolerable. Finally, I tell thee, that extent my understanding. I resolved, I returned to my coarse dog-rations, if I ever could speak, to make use úrs and to the bones which were cast to them on any opportunities that might me by a negrese of the house, and offer themselves to me, but in a differeven these were decimated by two ent way from that which is generaltubby cats, which being loose and ly adopted by some ignorant fellows. agile, found it easy to take from me There are certain Romancers* who, alſ that did not fall on the spot to in conversation, fire off from time to which my chain extended. Brother time some Latin Phrase, brief and Scipio, may Heaven grant thee all comprehensive, making thosc, who the gord thou mayurt desire, if thou do not understand it, believe that wilt permit me, without being anthey are great Latin scholars, and noyed, to philosophize a little; for if they can scarcely dccline a noun or 1 omitted to relate to thee thoughts : conjugate a verb." that occurred to me at the time, and which at this moment have returned Solpro. to my memory, it appears to me that my story would not be complete, or “I look upon that as a minor nuiin any way profitable.' sance, compared to that of those who really understand Latin, some of whom are so foolish, that when con- "Beware, Berganza, that it be not versing with a shoemaker or a tailor, a temptation of the devil that long they spout Latin like water." SCIPIO. . * In the original "Romanciata" which means, one who understands no other language but his native tonguo. The word “ Romance" is applied to the Vernacular langnage of Spsin as derived from the Roman or latin. From the practice of the “ Romancista" pretending to knowledge which he did not JOANE88, thc word was used to dennte a deceiver, and hence perhaps (I venture the conjecture) the word "romance" derived its present meaning of fiction.

·clxxx The Novels of Cervantes, BERGANZA. 16 We SCIPIO. BERGANZA. BERGANZA. SCIPIO. SCIPIO. BERGANZA. unay infer from this tlint he “ Those about the Latin and the who spouts Latin before those that Vernacular which I began and thou do not understand it, trangrenses as concludest."'i much as the man who yuotes Latin without understanding it." "Dost thou give the name of scirio. philosophy, to the fault-finding? “ Thou mayest observe another Such is the way ; sanctify, sanctify, thing, and that is, there are some Berganza, the actursed pestilence whose knowledge of Latin, does not of censure, and give it what name prevent them from being donkeys." thou pleasest, but it will give us the name of cynics, which means grun- " True, who can doubt that? The bling dogs. Now for the life of thee, reason is plain, for in the time of be silent, and go or with tlay story." the Romans, when all spoke Latin as their mother tongue, tiiere must have “ How can I go on with it if I re. been some blockhead amongst them, main silent." whose knowledge of Latin could not prevent his being a fool.' “ I mean, that thou continue it uninterruptedly, without making "It requires great discretion, bro it appear like a polypus, by adding ther Berganza, to speak in Latin and so inany tails to it. keep silence in the Vernacular.' BERGANZA. " True, for foolish things may be Speak correctly, for the extreniities of thc polypus are not said in Latin as well as in the Vercalled tails." nacular, and I have known stupid men of letters, ponderous gramma- That is the mistake which that siang and Romancers primed* with their shreds of Latin, who can with man fell into, who said that it was the greatest ease, vex the world, not neither turpitude nor vice to call once, but repeatedly." things by their proper names, as if it were not better, since we are con- SCIPIO. pelled to name them, to do so in a “Let us dfop the suhject, and periphrastic and round-about way, so conuence thou thy philosophic re as to lesson the disgust which is caused by hearing them called by their right nakp28. Decency in “I have already made them; those words denotes the purity of those are my rcinarks which I have just who speak or write them." give utterance to.' “I will believe thee. Well, then 16 Which?" I must tell thee that fortune, not sa- 7 BERGANZA. SCIPIO marks." PERGANZA. BERGANZA. SCIPIO. In the original "varrteados con su libidins de Latin" " variegated with their strips of Latio." A most expressive phrast, derived from a picce of cloth with coloured stripes. The “Ramonrista" is decked out with his strips of Latin as the doth with its coloured stripes. “ Lista" also means list or catalogne which adds to the expressiveness of the phrase, as the "Romancista" has his regular catalogue of Latin quotations.—is it not so Koap? “ Vixére fortes ante Agamemuona mpatti," but i must not become a "Romancistu." A Babylonish dialect, Which learned pedants much affects It was a party coloured dress, Of putch'd and py-ball'd languages; "Twis English cut on Greek and Latin, Like fustian heretofore on satin. HUDIBRAS, Part 1. Cantu 1.

·Thę Nodels of Cervantes. clxxi SCIPIO. - BERGANZA. tisfied with having taken me from my BERGANZA. studies, and the life that I passed du “ First, I beg of theę to tell me, if ring their prosecution, so happy and thou knowest it, what is the meaning tranquil, and having placed. me of philosophy ? for although I use leashed behind a door, an exchang- it, I don't know what it means, and ed the liberality of the students for only imagine it is something good." the stinginess of the negress, prdained that I should be molested in the "I will tell it to thee Briefly.. This life that I had .now brought nyself word is composed of two Greek words, to look upon as quiet and easy. Ilark which are philos and sofia-phtlos, thee, Scipio, look upon it as a certain meaning love, and sofia, science, 80 and well established fact, as I do, that philosophy means a love of that misfortunes search out and dis science, and philosopher a lover of cover the unfortunate, were he to knowledge." hide himself in the uttermost curners of the earth. I say so, because the “ Thou art very learned, Scipio. negress of the house was in love with Who the devil taught thee Greek a negro, also a slave in the house, words." who slept in the porch, which is bescypio. tween the door of the strect and the Truly, Berganza, thou art a simmiddle door behind which I was lo pleton, since thou makest so much of cated. They could not see each this trifle. These things are known other except at night, and for this to every school boy. There are many purpose they had stolen or forged however who pretend to a knowiedge keys, and so almost every night the of the Greek language without knownegress came down, and stoppir g ing it, as there ure to the T.stin who my mouth with a piece of ineat or are ignorant of it.” cheese, she opened the door to the BERGANZA. negro, with whom she spent a plea- “ That is what I said before, and sant time, secured by my silence, I wish such people were put into a but at the cost of many things which press, and by dint of the screw have the negress was in the habit of steal the juice of their knowledge squeezed ing. For some days the donations of out of them, that they might not go. the negress corrupted my conscience, about deceiving the world with the as I thought that without them my tinsel of their tattered Grecian flanks would have fallen in, and breechest and their false Latin, as from a mastiff I would have become the Portuguese do with the negroes a grey hound; but in truth, guided of Guinea. by my good disposition, I determined to fulfil the duty I owed to my master, “ Now then, Berganza, thou may- —for I roceived my perquisites and est well bite thy tongue, and I may ate his bread-as not only every ho nip mine too, for every word that we norable dog, that merits the sur. are saying is ill-natured censure." Dame of grateful, ought to do, but every dog that is a servant." " Nay, 1 An not obliged to do what I have heard tell one called Corondas the Tyrian did, who made “This indeed, Berganza, I will als law that no one should enter the low to pass as philosophy, for it is townhall of his city with arms on reasoning which is founded pn truth pain of death. He forgot this law, and good sense. Go on, and don't and presented himself among the make & long yarn,* I won't say tail, corporation with his sword girded of thy, story. It was pointed out to hun, and * “Hacer soga," Uterally "to make a string," but the phrase is used when a person le unnecessarily lengthy in telling a story. May we not have derived the phrase "to spin yarn" from the Spanlard? Cervantes' play upon the tail and the polypus I could explain, but "Gregueạcos," wide breeches made in the Grecian fashina, commonly used in Spala. A very happy phrase to hold up to ridicule the smatterers in Greek. VOL.NO. VI. 3 > 8CIPIOS BERGANZA. 3 on. the 'Citizen" forbids.

·clxxxii The Norels of Cervantes. SCIPIO. BERGANZA. SCIPIO, SCIP1. remembering the penalty he himself, immodesty of the negroes, I resolved, had imposed, he in an instant unlike a good servant, to put a stop to sheathed his sword and plunged it thein in the best way that I could, into his bosoin, thereby being the and I worked so well, that I gained first to make and break the law and my object. The negress used to pay the penalty. What I said was come down, as thou hast heard, to not to be a law, but only a promise, cecreats herself with the negro, that I would bite my tongue when I tae full confidence that I was kept sutirized any one ; but now-a-days silent by the pieces vf meat, bread, things are not carried on in the same or cheese, that she threw to me. rigorous manner as tu days of yore; Gifts accomplish great things, Sci.. for tu-day a law is made and to-morpio." row it is broken, and perhaps it is as well that it is so. Now we promise to amend our vices, and in a inoment “Very great things; swerve not, afterwards we fall into still greater however, from thy path, but go vices. It is one thing to praise dis straightforward." cipline, and another thing to submit to it. And of a verity there is a " I remember when I was engag™ wide distance between the word and ed in my studies hearing the master the deed. Let the devil bite himself use a Lacin proverb, which they call for I won't, nor will I practice deliadage, to the following effect : cacy behind a piece of matting, where " II abet bovem in Lingua." Idior Seen uy no one who can praise my honorable intentions. “Oh, how mal à propos hast thou “ According to this then, Berganlugged in thy Latin! Hast thou so za, if thou wert a human being, soon forgotten what we said a short would'st thou be a hypocritc, and time ago, against those who mix up would all thy works, feigned and Latin phrases 'vith the Vernacular false, be covered with the cloak of in their conversation ?" virtue, solely that thou mightest be praised, as is the practice of all “ This Latin comes here pat to the hypocrites? purpose, for thow must know that the Athenians used, among others, a “I do not know what I would do coin stamped with the figure of an ox, in that case, but I do know what I and when any judge failed to say or will do now, and that is, not bite do what was right and just, on acmy tongue ; for I have so many count of being bribed, they exclaimthings yet to tell thee, that I cannot ed, . This fellow has an ox in his say how acd when I will be able to tongue.' conclude thein, particularly as I am afraid, that on the rising of the sun, shall be deprived of the faculty " The application is wanting." of speech, and remain in the darkness of ignorance. "Is it not very clear, since the presen's of the negress kept ine dumb “ Heaven will determine things for many days, so that I neither desired or dared to bark when she came ) more fuvourably. Go ry, with thy story, and do not deviate from the dową to see her beloved negro ? So straight path indulging in rambling I must repeat that gifts accomplish digressions, and so, however, long great things." it may be, thou wilt soon arrive at the end." “ I have already replied that they BERGANSA. do, and were it not for fear of mak- "I tell thee, then, that having wit ‘ing a long digression, I would puove Dessed the insolence, thievery and to thee by a thousand examples how BERGANZA. BERGANZA. SCIPIO. BERGANZA. SCIPIO. SCIPIO.

·The Novels of Cervantes. clxxxiii $ much can be accomplished by gifts ; e the catchpoll of whom I spoke in but, perchance, I may tell thee these the beginning of my history, as bethings, if heaven grant ne time, op- ing the great friend of my muster portunity, and speechftclrelate to thee Nicolas ei Romo. Scarcely had he the history of my life." ; cast his eyes on me, when he knew me, and called me by my name. I BERGANZA., tot 'recognized him, and on his call- “ God grant thee thy desires ; ! ut ing me I approached him with my listen to me. At last the wicked pre usual ways and fawnings. He took sents of the negress made me deter me by the neck, and said to his mine to execute my good intentions, brother catchyollsand so, one very dark night, as she “ This is a fainous watch dog, was coining down to ltr accustomed which belonged to a great friend of pastime, I assaulted her without barkmine ; let us take hiin home." ing, in order not to rouse the people The catchpolls were delighted, and of the house, and in an instant I tore said, if I was a watch dog, I would be her shift to pieces, and bit a piece out of great use to them all. They were of her thigli, a jest that suttked to going to lay hold of me to carry me make her keep her bed in earnest off, but my master said it was not for e.ght days, feiguing, I know not necessary to lay hold of me, as I what illness, to her marters. She knew and would follow him. I forgot well, and returned another night, got to tell thce that the collar with and I renewed the fight with the the steel spikes, which I took with jade, but without biting her I me when I separated from, and left scratched her whole body as if I had the cattle fold, was taken from me been carding a woollen blanket. Our by a gipsy at an inn, and I was battles were carried on silently, but then in Seville without one, but the of which I always caine victorious, and catchpoll gave me a collar, ornathe negress in a most miserable plight mented all over with Moorish brass. and still more intensely disgusted. Ponder well, Scipio, on the mutable Soon however her anger made itself whirligis , of fortune. Yesterday, I patent in my hide and my healah. was a student, to-day thou behold- She cut off niy rations and the bones, est me a catchpoll. ad mine gradually began to show themselves in the joirts of the backbone. Nevertheless, although they “ So goeth the world. But do not took froni me my food they could not now begin to rail at the ups and take from me the power of barking ; downs of fortune, for there is no bjit the negress, to finish me at once, great difference between being the brought ine a sponge fried in but servant of a butcher and the servant ter. I detected the .. Icked intention, of a catchpoll. I cannot tolerate or as I knew that it was worse than hear with patience the complaints eating “zarazas''* for whoever eats men make of fortune, who never posit, his stomach becomes inflated, and sessed anything inore than theme he cannot get rid of it without los- Spectation and hope of becoming gening his life. Thinking it then inn tlemen. With wat execrations do possible to protect myself agaiøst they curse it? What contemptuous the wiles of such vindictive enemies, reproaches do they heap upon it! I resolved to run away, 'and disap and with no other object than to pear from their sight. One day, I make thek hearers believe that they happened to be det loose, and without have fallen from a high, prosperous, bidding farewell to any one in the and happy condition, to the low and houge, I bolted into the street, and miserable state in which they be haà scarcely gone a hundred yards, hold them." when chance threw into my way (To be concluded in our next.) SCIPIO. *" Zarusus"-a paste made of pounded glass and poison for killingaglogu.

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·Adrerlisements. 3 . .. 0 Books front America, Just releived by the “ Berkshire. Webster's Dictionary (unabridged) mpwved by Goodrich, Auto. strong ly bound,.. Fining and Tibbing' New and Complete French and English and Eng. fish anú trench Dictionary, ou the basis of the Royal Dictionary, by Dobson, 3d rätion, royal 86o. bound, 16 0 Plato against the Atheists ; or, the Tenth Book of the Dialogaes on Laws, accompanica with critical Notes, and followed by extended Dissertations on some of the inain points of the Platonic Philosophy and Thcology, especially as compared with the Holy Scriptures, by Tayler Leuis, i la D., 8vo. cloth,.. Wealth and Worth ; -, which makes the Man; 18mo. cloth, 18 Buels' Farner's Instrurtur ; consisting of Essays, practical Directions, and Wints for the Manageinent of the Farm and the Garden, 2 vols. 18m. 4 0 The American Almanac and Repository of Useful Knowledgo for 1850, 10 Hildretli's Theory of Jorals : au Inquiry concerning t1 : Law of Moral Distinctions and the Variwtions and Contradictions of Ethical Codes, 1mo. 1 Ives' Musical A. B. C., with Songs to sweeten Sturly, Ives' Musical Reading Bouk, a uew nethod of lustruction, with Music, sacred and secular, Ives' Musical Spelling Book, a new method of Instruction, and Musical Recreations, 80., 2 0 Lectures on the Science of Life, by Sylvester Uraliam, vitli Illustra. tions, 2 vols, 12mo, cloth, 10 0 Frost's Book of Good Examples: drawn from Authentic History and Biography, designed tw illustrate the beneficial effects of Virtuvus tomul., illustrateri, 12.10., 4 0 The si anual of Matriinung, 1 0 Wiarver's Rudimental Peessons in Music ; concating the Primary Instructions requisite for all Beginners in her Art, whether Vocal or Instrumental,.. 2 0 Paul Preston's Book of (iynonasties, of Healthful Sports, Lieber's (reat Events-Great Ijvents Described by Distinguished Historiaus, 12o. cloth, Cuek's American loulirp-Book, being a Practical Treatise on the Ma. pagement of Domestic loultry, engravings, 18mo. cloth,.. Frost's Beauties of fires i llistory, 18.no, cloth, 8 English flistory, 18mo. cloth, 8 Henry's Epitome of the History of Philosophy, being the work adopted by the University of France for lustruction in the Colleges and High Schools ; translated from the French, with additions and a continuation of the Ilistory, by C. S. Henry, D.)., 2 vols. 18mo. cloth, Schmidt's History of Education. Part I. History of Education, ancient and modern. Part 11. A plan of culture and instruction, designed to aid in the right eclucation of youth, physically, intellectually and morally, 18mo. cloth, . Davenport's Perilous Adventudes, or remarkable instances of courage, Perseverance and Suffering,.. 18 Duty of American Women to their Country, Grava's Woman in Ame'ica, being an Examination into the moral and intellectual condition of Americau Female Society, 18mo. cloch, 18 3 0 A 1 0 .. .. 1 .. .. 8 ·Advertisements .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. Johnson's Treatise on Language, or tho relations which Words bear to Things, 8go: cloth, Notts Counsels to Young Man on the formation of Sharacter, and the Principlec which lead to Success and Happiness lie, 18mo. cloth, 2 0 What's to be Done, or the Will and the Way, 2 0 Artuar's Married ang Single, 18mo., ..A 1 0 Horia's History of the Moors in f'pain, topwhich is added an Account of tke Ride, and Decline of the Mohammedan Empire, the Literature, Science and Religion of the Arabs, and the present Condition of lo- 'hammedanism, 18mo, cloth,... 2 0 Whispers to a Newly Married Pair, 0 8 Alcott's Young Woman's Guide to Excellence, 18mo. cloth,.. 3 0 Alcott's Young Husband, or Duties of Man in the Marriage Relation, 12mo, cloth, 3 0 Alcott's Young Wife, or Daties of Woman in the Marriage Relation, 12mu, cloth. 3 0 Alcott's Young Housekeeper, or Thoughts on Food and Cookery, 12mo. cloth, ." 3 0 Alcott's Young Mother, or Management of Children in regard to Health, 12mo. cloth, 3 0 Alcott's Teacher of Health and the Laws of the Human Constitution, 2 yols. 12100. half bound, Home Made Happy, Livermorg's Lectures to Young Men on their Moral Dangers and Duties, 3d ed. 12ins, cloth, 8 1 Fowler's Hereditary. Descent, its laws and Facts applied to Human Impro:ement, with 25 Engravings, 18mo.. 2 0 Fowler's Physiology, Animal and Mental, applied to the preservation and restoration of health of Body and power of Mind, with 26 Engravings, 2 0 Fowler's Self Culture and Perfection of Character, including the Management of Yunth, 2 0 Powler Memory and Intellectual Improvement, applied to self education and juvenile Instruction, with 26 Engravings, 20th ed 12ma., 2 0 Scenes in Nature; or Conversations for Children, 'un land and Water, 18mo. cloth, 1, 8 TERMS-CASH. P.S. D'ROZARIO AND Co. Calcutta, Tank Square, March 17, 1852. .. .. 1 .. .. .. . .. .. .. .

·Advertisements. vii HEALTH FOR ALL!!! The time has now come when the public health in India must be more attentively considered with a viaw to its preservation and improvement Notwithstanding the nunber of Medical Gentlemen employed in the Cintry, it is a vell known fact that hurdreds of our Countrymen ware annually consigned to an early grave, or compelled to return to England with shattereü -onstitutions; no class of people on earth are so physicked-aye--and phy icked with poison too-and yet with hundreds of Doctors within the three Presidences and medicines innumerable-the mortality in India is greater than in any other of our Colonies. The average age to which persons live in this country is 40 years. Another startling fact is, that on-half of all the children born of European parents in India, die before they reach their fifth year, and in many unhealthy Stations a large portion of these die within the first year. What can more clearly demonstrate the fact, that while the Residents in India have been physicked by a large standing Army of Doctors, they have not been taught the best mode of preserving their health. One truth must be clearly understood and consistently acted upon, namely, that all the discases to which the human frame is subject, urise from an impure state of the blood. Let this vital principal be freed from impurities, and disease cannot take place. PURE AIR AND PURE BLOOP.. The relationship between pure air and pure blood is rervintimate. The office of the lungs is to decarbonize the blood. Previously to its passing through those organs it is of a dark black colour, in consequence of its being charged with Carbon ; it is then termed venuus blood When it comes into contact with the oxygen of the atyrosphere, it is purged from the Carbon and changed to a beautiful crinison; it is then terined arterial blood. If the surrounding air be foul, charged with miasma of Córrbonic acid gas, which has escaped from the lungs of individuals or from putrid maticr, it is impossible that the blood should be changed from venous into arterial. The object of the blood is to convey a replenishing principle to every part of the human frame for the purpose of repairing the waste which is constantly going on.. But if it has come in contact with impure air, it gallops through the system, Charged---not with health and vigour-but with a disease-engendering principle : hence low, intermittent fev is, dysentery, cholera, and other fearful deases. AN EFFICACIOUS REMEDY FOR ALL DISEASES. Now if disease arise from the cause pus described-who can question the philosophy or doubt the eficacy of the Hollowayen System. Unlike Doctors in general, he shows how disease may be prevented, or if its presence be detected, he shows there what is the cause. Of course, he says, * If you are suffering from disease takeny Pills." For while Professor Holloway's Pills are perfectly free from poison--they are at the same time charged with a powerful disease-exterminating principle. Being taken into the system they assimilate with the blood, and the vital Auid is thus charged with an element, which wages war with every unhealthy obstruction- a work of emancipation commences and most pleasuring are the results. 1) ·vir Advertisements. COMPLA’NT$ of the liter, THE LUNGS AND THE STOMACH,REMOVEDE The Liver hitherto morbid in its action is fred from unhealthy secretians, acrimonious bilo is carried oft afd along with it distressing pain Tor the right side, and a burning sensatjón at the Stomach, the sallowness of the skirt vanishes and is succeded by a healthy liver. The. Lores, which had been held in thraldom by vitiated humours, causirea constant håcking cough, is set free by the use of these Pills, so that respiration becomes easy. The Stomach, in which impurities had been allowed to accumulate, causes nausea, violent headache, indigestion, nervousness, burning sensation and acute pain, borel complaints, sleepless nights, and a host of other evids, the stomach is completely cleaned of its misery-making occupants, by a few doses of this extraordinary medicinc. MALIGNANT CIJOLERA ROBBED OF ITS VICTIMS. This disease, which is so comunon in India, results froin a redundancy and patrid acriinonyof the bile. Now Ilolloway's Pills by cleansing the intestine and impărting vigour to the whole nervous system are of admirable (se as i preventive; but when this ise of them has been overlogkool. The actual attacks of Cholera may be mitigated by a timely and perseporing use of them. The stomach and bowels will thus be effectually frard from all vitiated Jiumours, and the various functions spredily restored to their proper tone. RHEUMATISM AND GOUT PREVENTED AND CURED. And what is heumatismı ? It is a painful disease, affecting the joints and liwhy-cansed by an accumulation of impurities. Ilow commhou is the exclamation, “ Iltave caught a cold, and has brought on that tiresone excruciating pain on iny shoulders ox. limbs !" "Do you wish to know why this pain! We wtl tell you, and, which is still belier, we will tell you how to get rid of it. liy means of respisation und perspiration the human system is continually throwing off waste matter. Lavoister, the celebrated French Chemist, states that the skin alone during every fony and twenty bours parts with 20 ounces of useless matter. This supposes health and favourable circumstances. But should any of this matter he thrown back into the sysk.m, proportionate disease must negessarily ensuc. You spend some time it a hented play, or drive out visiting during the bot months, and the pores of your pardos become open and sensitive; you go in this state under a punkha or perhaps lic down on a couch right before the "tattics," and fall asleep. The pores are suddenly closed--Yerspiration is obstructed, and the warle matter remaining in the system hycoine a fruitful source of disease and pain. The next morning your eyes swim, your voice is husky and you ferl pain, and you exclaim, " what a Beastly country! I have taken cold from just sitting near the tatticks and then Inw do you act? You do not as you onght, at opce sek'lo free the system from impure obstruc-, tions, but you content yourself with some incre palliative, you lose some of the first, unpleasant sensations, but the impurities still lurk ,within you ? Every now and thens, on feel twitching, torturing pains in your liinbs; but those pains are sent, in mercy, and their language israfo you ·Advertisements, IX have broken a physiciat law: your want of care hus causeck unhealthy obstructions; get rid c these, and you wills be free from pain; allow these to remain and paps stiti more fearful will be the result." This alone can be effectually done by-resorting to a course of Holloway's Pilla: and Ointment, which will, in a few days, remove these obstruction, and in "ore health and vigour to the whiole system. DISEASES IN GENERAL. The same may e said of the other, and almost sumberless diseases rising from this fertile, this cole cause of all diseases the impurities of the blood--and none who have used these invaluable Medicines-"have been disappointed." The grateful aspirations of thousands in every part of the world furnish abundant demonstration that never was a Medicine employed, at once so safe and so salutary, so powerful to conquer disease, yet so harmless that an infant may take it with safety. Wherever these Pills and Ointment have been known they have been regarded as a blessing and are held in the highest estimation as an invaluable Medicine, and every resident in India ought to have a box of the fills and a Pot of the Ointment in his Bungalow, both for himself, his family, his servants, and bis friends. Sold in Boxes and Pots, at 1, 2-8, 4-8, 11, 12, and 33 Rupees each. Directions for their use in all diseases accompany each Box and Pot. . AGENTS FOR INDIA Thomas Payne and Sons, 7-8, Writers' Buildings, Calcutta ; Mr. Ccok, Dacca ; Mn Fell, Cuttack ; Mr. Chapman, Darjeeling; Mr. Wheeler, Hazareebaugh ; Messrs. Thomas and Co., Monglyr F. Smith and Co., Dinapore; Tuttle and Charles, Benares ; Mr. Tiernan, Chunar ; Baboo Rhugbutty Churn Chuckerbutty, Mirzapore; Boilard and Co., Allahabad , Brandon ard Co., Lucknow ; Greenway Brothers, Cawnpore ; Mr. Pyle, Futtyghur; Mr. J. A. Gibbons, Meerut; Noor Buksh and Ch, Delhi and Lahore ; MacDonald and Co., Umballah ; Mr. Coutes, Ferozepore ; Nuby. Bus and Co., Loodianah and Jullundur Doub; Vivian and Co., Sinnlah ; Mr. Greig, Mussoorie ; Mr. Johnstone, Nainee Tall; Pestonjee and Co., Mhow; Cursetjde end Co., Saugor, Jubbulpore, Kamptee and Secundrabad : Hulse and Nephew, Agra. N.B.Directions in “ Oordoo" and " Gooxeratee" can also have had for taking the Medicines. 1 EDUCATION KNOLLSWOOD ACADEMY--SIHLA. CARDS OF PARTICULARS, (WITH UNEXCEPTIONABLE-REFERENCBA) Forwarded on Regidayition. PRINCIPAL-H: WALLACE.

·Advertisensents. THE DEHLI GAZET'TE LITHOGRAPHIC PRESS. In a former Circular, the Proprietors of the Dchli Gazette 'inographic Press expressed their desire to introduce the systein of Cast payment for their Lithographic Forins, cor which object the prices were cons'erably reduced. The Managing Propri..tor, with reference to the comparative cheapness with which paper can now be imported direct from England, is glad to be able to announce that he has further reduced the prices of printed Forms for Cash payments. The rates given below are reduced about TWENTY-FIVE per cent., and the terms of sale from the 1st of March, 1851, will be cash in three months after despatch of the Forms; if in that time payment is not made, Ten per cent. interest will be charged on account. Packing will be charged for. FOR NATIVE INFANTRY. CASH CASII RATES RATES A DOZ. 100. . .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. () 0 0 . . . . Mor*hy Peturns, Rs. 1 8 11 0 Master Rolls for Company, 1 8 11- Copy ditto ditto, 7 0 Pay Abstracts ditto, 8 1 0 Acquittanu Rolls, 7. 0 Muster Rolls, Adjutant's Establishment, 8 11 0 Copy Muster Rolls ditto, 7 Pay Abstracts ditto... 0-12 5- Muster Rolls for Interpreter and Q.-M.'s Establishments, 0-12 5 Copy ditto Nitto ditto, 08 3 Pay Abstracts for Interpreter anr 2.-M.'s Establishments, 1- Acquittanee Rolls ditto ditto, 0- o Inspection Returns, with back, 2 16-8 Confidential Reports, 3 Sheets in cach, 4-8 33- Quarterly Reports of Bazar, 0-12 5- 8 Asparoitical Long Roll, Present State.... 0 7--18 Discharge Certificates, 8 3-2 Leave Certificates, 8 Leview Rull of Children, 3-10 Risposition Returns,.. 7-12 Descriptive Roll of Payee, 1-2 Deceipts for the Treasury,.. 1- 8 Roll of European Non-Coinmissioned Officers, 38 Rasualty List of ditto, 12 8 Letters to Collectors for Family Remittance Israfts, 8 3-8 Indents on the Magazine for Stores, 0-8 3-8 Bills for the Subsistence of Recruits, 1- 8 3- 8 Field Retúrps, Statoement of Cash Balance, Accunt of Half Mounting, 1-12 Recpts for Payer's Drafts, 4 1-)2. Leciers for Patients into Hospitals, 3 1 Present States of a Detachment, 8 3- 8 Feild Officer's Pay Abstracts, .. 8 3-- 8 1- . .. . 08 0 6 .. .. → 8 .. 0 ro . . .. I. .. .. . .. A. 0 4 . .. .. + ..

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·TIV Advertisentents. 4 . 1 ...... .. ... 5 Tur Siante da Deuli, (sold for a charitable puppose.). Rs. 1 Authorised Pay and Audit Regulaarns for the Bengal Army, neatly kound, 8 TransLATIONS by* Cpt. IIollings. Premsagar, Bypal Pucheesee, The orders to be accompanied by a Remittance, with 8-ánnas for packing if wax cloth bwrequired. JOB AND LITHOGRAPHIC, WORKS Of cvery description, can be neatly and cxpeditiously executed at this Press, where Civil, Military and other Lithographed Forms, and Bound Books, Cheque Books, Dawk Books, Ruled Music Books, and Ruled Music Paper, may always be had, with Lists of Prices. Just Published, 1 BY Licut. Col. CHARLES James Collie Davidson, Lale Bengal Engineers, TARA, THE SU T T E E AN INDIAN DRAMA IN FIVE ACTS, IFilh most Copious Notes, Briginal and selected, Most faithfully depicting the existing state of purely Native Society in India, the Religion of its People, and their opinions of their FOREIGN RULERS. 1 One Volume Octavo, Richly Bound in Silf,' Gilt and Lettered, ONE GUINEA. Sent to India 12 Rs. delivered at Oxlcutta, and 9 Rs., bound bandsomely in loth, but not gilt. ümn + TO BE HAD tí. Y oF THE AUTHOR AND PUBLISHER, No. 5, STOCKWELL PAAROAD, LONDON. 0 Il is requested-that the Names and Addrc88cs may be fully legible., ·Advertisements. XV ? O ENLI'S KETCH THE $ 0.0 K, Published in Hiontaly Numbers ON THE BEGINNENG OF EACH MONTI. - TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION : In advancc, ye rly,..... Rs. 16 0 half-yearly,.. Each nutnber........ TERMS OF ADVERTISING : Per line,....... 92 Contract Nalls for a Column or half un, may be ascertained on application to the MANAGING PROPRIETOR of the Dehli Gazette. ....... 8 ......... ......... 0 8 1 ..................... Τ Η Ε 4 GRA MESSENGE E HSPA+ 11, R, TUBLISHED ONCE A WEEK AT AGRA. ............ 9 219 TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION : One year certain,... Rs. 20 Six months certain, 12 All payments m11. be made IN ADVANCE, and no name can be registerrd, except the order for registration be accompanied by a remittance; and Subscription must either be for Six or Twelve Months. TERMS OF ADVERTISING : Par line, for four ins. rtions,..... 3 Annas. Pey line, for fish and subsequent insertions........... Contract Rates for Ceumns and half Columns may be learned on application to the Editor. N. B.-All Arvertisements received, without specifying the number of inscrtions, will be continued until countermanded. AGRA MESSENGER EXTRA : Subscribers to the Dehli Gazette ars entitled, equally with Subsoribers to the Agra Messenger, to a gratis copy of all Extras of Overland Newman that may be issued at the Messenger Press. *JOB AND LITHOGRAPHIC WORK Cf every description, can be neatly ana expeditiously executed at this Press; wherc Civil, Military,d other Lithographed Forms and Round Books, Cheque Books, "DawkBooks, Ruled Music Paper, may always be had, with Lists of Prices, on application to the Editor. L ·XVI Advertisements. Terms Subscription TO THE ".D E HLI GA ZETTE.” ................. ........ 1) .............. ..II.......... In Advancc, per Annum,... Rs. 56 0 per Half Year, 20 0 per Quarter, r. ............................... 12 0 In Arrears, per month, TERMS OF ADVERTISING : Per line, 0 3 Less than 6 lines,......... 1 0 Contract Rates for Columns or half Columns may be learnt on applicatior to the MANAGING Proprietor, Dehli. N. B.-All Advertisernents received, without specifying the number of insertions, will be continued until countermanded, and charged for accordingly. Notice.--All Vouchers and Receipts for monies received on account of the Dehli Gazette, whether for Subscriptions, Advertisements, or other work, will be signed by J. O'B. SAUNDERS, Managing Proprietor, and the following parties are appointed Agents for the Dehli Gazette :- Calcutt-.-Messiz. Mackenzie, Lyall & nd Co. Madras.-Messrs Pha, roah and Co. Bumbay.---Mr. John Turner. Agra.--Mr. P. Saunders Senr. and the receipts of no others will be acknowledged. me All letters connected with the Editorial Department of the Dehli Gazette to be addressed To TIIE Editor.--All letters on business connected with the Press, to be addressed to the Managing PROFRIETOR, Post-paid: DEHLI GAZETTE OVERLAND SUMMARY, Dablished on the last safe date of despatch of each Overland Mail, via Bombay IT CONTAINS, GENERAL REMARKS AND SUMMARY OF INDIAN News. LOCAL INTELLIGENCE. GOVERNMENT NOTIFICATION, :- Civil Orders, Military Orders. DOMESTIC INTELLIGENCE. TERMS :-iwelve Rupees per annum, including Inland Postage from Dehli to Bombay. This Subsəription is payable in advance. N. B.-The Mail via Marseilles will of course entail the cost in England of the French postage of 3d. each copy, for which no provision can possibly be made in the way pre-payment in this country. Thos. of our Subscribers who object to the slight expense thus inourred, 'may have, as at present, their papers forwarded monthly by the Skogthigrapton- Mail.

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