·No text on this page.

·No text on this page.

·No text on this page.

·No text on this page.

·No text on this page.

·GENERAL REPORT
ON
PUBLIC INSTRUCTION IN BENGAL,
FOR
1882-83.
Calcutta :
PRINTED AT THE BENGAL SECRETARIAT PRESS.
1883.

·No text on this page.

·INDEX TO THE REPORT ON PUBLIO INSTRUCTION IN BENGAL. PAGE. GENERAL SUMMARY 50 ... ... ... ... CONTROLLING AGENCIES ... ... .. .. .. UNIVERSITY EDUCATION ... 10 1 Attendance in colleges for general education Expenditure First Examination in Arts Distribution of Senior Scholarships B. A. Dogrco Examination M. A. 11 11 14 15 16 17 COLLEAL REPORTA ... *** 18 19 9 ... 20 1) 21 2) .. 21 22 1. 91 ... 28 28 28 28 . .. Presidency College Sanskrit Hooghly Dacca Kishnaghur Patna Ravenshaw (Cuttack) Rajshahyo Berbanpur Midnapur Chittagong Colloge Department of the Bethune School General Assembly's Collogo Free Church St. Xavier's London Mission (Blowanipur) Doveton Collego Metropolitan College City Maharajal's (Burdwan) SECONDARY EDUCATION . 28 24 1. 24 24 24 84 26 26 .. 15 >) 25 26 I.. ... .. 26 26 27 ... .. ... 28 . ... 32 ... .. 2) Secondary schools Attendanco and expendituro in schools of socondary instruction ... High English schools Entrance Examination Goverument High schools Aided Unaided Distribution of Junior Scholurships Middle Euglish schools Acholurship examination vernacular scbooly ... scholarship examination 83 1.. .. . .. .. .. 84. 34 86 37 38 . ... > .. PRIMARY EDUCATION 39 . 1. 40 . Upper primary schools scholarship examination Lower primary schools scholarship examination ... .. 41 . 1.

·ii · Pos. ... ... 92 .. 3 » ... . PRIMARY EDUCATION-conoluded. Progress of primary cducation in Calcutta in Presidency Division in Burdwan in Rajshahye in Daccr in Chittagong in Patna in Bhagalpur in Chotu Nagpur in Orissa in Orissa Tributary Mebala Indigenous institutions 45 48 60 52 56 56 59 2 ... ... 19 61 ... ... » 2 4. 69 63 04 EDUCATION OF EUROPEANS AND EURASIANS .. 64 FEMALI EDUCATION ... 70 SPECIAL INSTRUCTION ... .. 77 Attendance and expenditure in schools for Apecial instruction Law 77 78 ... Medicino ... ... Medical College, Calcutta Medical schools 79 ... .. 80 .. ... ... .. 81 82 82 . .. ... ... Engineering- Seebpor Engineering College Survey schools Indurtrial schools Scliool of Art Art Gallery Normal schools Madrassalia Other schools Sanskrit Title Examination Agricultural Scholarships The Ipdino Association for the cultivation of science 83 88 ... .. 83 86 90 90 91 91 .. ... SCHOLARSILIPS ... 92 ... EMPLOYMENT OF STUDENTS IN THE PUBLIC SERVICE... ... 94 SCHOOL BOOKS ... .. ... 94 GENERAL STATISTICS EDUCATION, GENERAL Form 1- Tieturu of colleges, achouls, and scholars in tho Lowor Provinces of Bengal for the official year 1882-83 97 EDUOATION, GENERAL, FORM 2- Rotirn of collegos, schools, and scholars in the Lower Provinccs of Bengal for the official year 1882-83 98 & 99 ENOCATION, GENERAL FORM 3 Ruturn of expenditure on cuacational establisbments in the Lower Provinces of Bengal for the official year 1882-83 100 & 101 EDUCATION, GENERAL FORM 4- Rotum showing the results of proscribed cxaminatious in the Lower Provinces of Bongal for tbo official year 1683-63 102 Return of the class of instruction at the schools in the Lower Provinces of Bengal for tho ufficial your 1882-83 103 Roturn of social positiou and occupation of the parents and guardians of pupils at the schools apul colleges in ihe Lower Provincos of Bengal for the official yuar 1882-83 104 Rotarn of social pouition and incomo of the parents and guardians of pupils at the schools and colleges in the lower Provinces of Bengal for the official year 1882-83 ... 106 . ... ... T.

·REPORT OY PUBLIC INSTRUCTION IN BENGAL, 1882-83. 1.-GENERAL SUMMARY. THERE has been some delay in the submission of this report, for which an explanation has been alroady submitted to Government. It should also be addod here that forms for returning tho social position and wealth of the guardians of pupils of all grades of schools having this year boon prescribed and issued for the first time, nearly one month after tho cxpiration of the year, all reporting officers had to apply for two to throe weeks' time for submission of their respective reports, and there was consequently a corresponding delay in preparing tho materials for the general report in the Director's office. 2. The year 1882-83 has witnossed a largo and general increase in the number of schools and pupils, the increaso being most marked in institutions for primary education, but being very fairly shared also by socondary schools of all classes. The following summary includes overy school and college that has furnished returns : 1882. 1883, CLASS OP INSTRUOTION. Schools. Pupils. Bchuols. Pupila. University ... Secondary 654 Colleges High English schools Middle Vernacular Upper primary schools Lower >) 22 2,745 23 2,900 217 45,597 232 49.750 627 39,057 41,638 1,050 50,441 1,079 59,213 1,944 68,598 2,214 78,429 48,844 812,339 60,337 1,016,482 4,333(a) 60,850(1) 2,951(c) 35,180(d) 1,042 21,018 1,398 27,486 . Primary Special Female ... Total ... 68,079 1,106,646 68,888 1,311,092 (a) Molusive of 4,275 indigenous schools of spocinl instruction. (6) Ditto of 56,018 pupils attending 4,278 indigenous schools. Ditto of 2,883 indigenous !Wols of special instruction, Ditto of 80,4171 pupils uttonding 2,843 indigenous schools. (d) 3. There has therefore been a total gain of 10,809 schools and 204,447 pupils, with which the.increase of thu previous five years may be comparod: Schools. Pupils. In 1878, a gain of 1879 1880 ... 99 ... 4,740 7,060 6,098 8,131 10,572 10,809 62,049 86,307 91,323 109,459 178,156 204,447 1881 1882 1883 - ... Or a gain in six years of 47,410 schools and 721,741 pupils. It being assumod that we are now approaching the limits of the indigenous system of education in most of the districts of the province, the attention of all district and educational officers has been directed to the improvement of the quality of the education imparted in primary schools, and of the teaching staff itself.

·2 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR AUMWABX, 4.. The population of Bengal, excluding Cooch Behar, Hill Tipperah, and the Tributary States of Chota Nagpore, of which the schools are not included in our returns, is by the last census 68,160,598, of whom 33,917,217 are males and 34,243,381 are females. Of the scholars on our returns, 1,253,714 are boys and 57,378 are girls. If, for convenience of comparison, the proportion of children of a school.going age be reckoned at the usual rate of 15 per cent., a slight calculation will show that of all the boys of a school-going age, more than one in four is at school ; of the girls, one in 89 is at school. 5. An examination of the foregoing table furnishes the following results. The number of colleges has increased by one, the unaided Baptist Mission College at Serampore (since closed) having furnished returns previously witheld. There is also an increase of 156 in the number of college students, which is elsewere accounted for in detail. High English schools show a gain of 15 schools and 4,162 pupils. Middle English instruction shows an increase of 27 schools and 2,581 pupils, and middle vornacular un increase of 29 schools and 2,772 pupils. Upper primary schools show a gain of 270 schools and 9,831 pupils. In lower primary schools, there has been an increase of 11,493 schools and 204,143 pupils. The figures for special instruction requiro explanation. For three years pust, indigenous tols and maktabs, in which tho course of instruction is in no way determined by departmental standards, have been included under this hoad. A large number of those indigenous schools having been transferred to the organized system of primary ivstruction, there is a docrease under this head. Under special instruction" as properly recognized by the department, that is, schools of technical or professional training reading for departmental standards, there is an increase of ton schools, including a law class and a medical Honimopathic) schuol, and of 583 pupils. Female education in schools for girls shows an increase of 356 schools and 6,467 pupils, but the number of girls in schools of all classes has increased by 13,836. 6. In the following table the schools are classified as Government, aided, or unaided :- 1882. 1983. CLABS OF INSTRUCTION. Schools. Pupils. Schools. Pupils. 327 32,079 327 Government schools and colleges Aided 32,666 1,172,036 61,510 966,070 62,708 19 Unaided 6,212 108,196 5,833 103,891 22 19 .. Totul 58,079 1,106,045 68,888 1,311,092 7. The number of Government schools shows no change. The increase of 11,198 aided schools has been chiefly brought about by tho further development of the system of primary iristruction already noticed. In aided schools of a superior status, there has been a gain of 11 high, 20 middlo English, 20 niddlo vernacular, and 132 upper primary schools. Onuided institutions, the bulk of which are those patshalus, tols, and maktabs which as yet conform to no departmental standards, show a decrease in the number of schools as well as pupils—a circumstance which shows that a large number of them bave been transferred to the list of organized schools of primary instruction, and the number of newly discovered patshalas have not been large enough to fill up the void created by their disappearanco. Unaided high and middle schools, also, to a more or less extent, pass on to the aided class, except a few well-established institutions in the towns of Calcutta, Hooghly, and Dacca. There is also an addition of one law class reading for the B. L. degree, which has been opened in connection with the City College, Calcutta. It is already largely attended. 8. The following table compares the expenditure for the year with the budget provision, the figures having been supplied by the Accountant- General. They refer ouly to amounts paid from or into the Government treasuries:

·OF PUBLIC STBOO BUDoor HRAD APBUDITURI. Bunotioned nstimate, 1882-83 Rs. 4,82,960 6,21.476 6,94,680 dotto, Rs. 4,89,562 6,88,073 6,07,474 . ... ... Direction and inspection Government colleges, genoral and special Government schools Grants-in-aid- For secondary and superior instruotion For primary instruction Scholarships Grants for the encouragement of literature Miscellaneous 4,50,000 5,50,000 1,70,000 17,200 21,784 4,70,599 5,99,482 1,79,243 8,888 20,844 Less receipts 28,78,000) 6,30,000 30,11,052 6,85,820 I. Not Government expenditure 23,18,000 24,75,232 ... 9. The expenditure for the year 1882-83 exceoded the original estimates by Rs. 1,27,232. I may explain here that the excess shown under tho head of primary education was no real excess, the grant for the purpose being six lakhs of rupees. Deducting Rs. 50,000 from the total of Rs. 1,27,232, a sum of Rs. 77,232 has still to be accounted for. Under "direction and inspection,” the actuals exceeded the estimates by Rs. 36,601, the excess being mainly due to the inclusion of Mr. Croft's salary in the accounts during his absence on deputation, and also to tho appointment of two additional Assistant Inspectors during the year. The increase of charge shown under “Government colleges” is chiefly due to increments of salaries of graded appointments, and to the return of officers from furlough. In Government schools, which are net grant institutions, any excess of expenditure is met from savings of past years and not from new grants from Govornment, so that the excess is merely nominal. The charges under grants-in-aid of secondary and superior instruction exceeded the estiinatos by Rs. 26,592, but the excess expenditure was incurred under special sanction. It may be noted here that the estimates are liable to be reduced in the Account Department, and that “ probable savings " which are lookod for are not always effected. The increase of charge under the head of “scholarships” does not show that any new scholarships were created, but that more bills for scholarships were cashed during the past year than in the one preceding it. There was a large saying under the head grants for the encouragement of literature,” which calls for no explanation. 10. The following table compares the expenditure for two years, taken from the Departmental returns. The class of instruction and not the budget head of expenditure is here made the basis of classification; and the whole expenditure, public as well as privato, in connection with education is shown, including the oxponditure in aided and unaidod schools, and also including tho receipts and charges of medical oducation, and charges for school buildings, which are not provided for in the estimates of this department:- YEAR ENDING 318T MARCH 1882. Government expenditure. (Not.) Rs. Totul exponditure. ... ...... University ... Collegiate Secondary instruction Primary Female Special Scholarships Buildings Miscellaneous Superintendence ... YEAR ENDINA 318T MARCH 1889. Government expendituro. Total (Nrt.) exponditure. Rs. Rs. 66,000 2,72,000 5,02,000 6,11,000 23,35,00) 5,81,000 24,31,000 1,13,000 4,41,000 4,08,000(a) 6,66,000(a) 1,67,000 1,86,000 4,39,000 4,50,000 28,000(6) 34,000 (6) 4.87,000 4,40.000 Ro. 56,000 5,24,000 19,21,000 20,11,000 3,45,000 6,55,000(a) 1,78,000 2,40,000 42,000 4,40,000 2,77,000 5,58,000 478,000 1.00,000 3,95,000(a) 1,57,000 2,12,000 35,000 4,38,000 12 ... ... .. ... Total 26,50,000 64,12,000 30,56,000 75,61,000 (a) Inclusive of expendituro on indigenous schools of special instruction. (6) Ditto of grauts for the encouragement of literature. 11. The Government expenditure for the year has increased by Rs. 4,06,000 and the private expenditure by Rs. 7,33,000. The proportion paid by Government to the total cost of education (including expenditure on buildings) fell from 41.3 per cent. to 40•4 per cent. The expanditure on col. legiate instruction has decreased by Rs. 22,000, but the Governnlent share of .

·REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR ONIAL SOUMAŁT. this decrease is only Rs. 5,000. I should add here that the expenditure on the big unaided colleges of Calcutta and Burdwan, which are purely under native management, is not included in the foregoing statement. The proportion of Government expenditure to the total cost of collegiate education has increased from 52.9 per cent. to 54.1 per cent. Under secondary instruction, including high and middle schools, there has been a total increase of Rs. 4,14,000, of which Government contributed Rs. 53,000 partly in grants-in-aid and partly in expenditure debitable to surplus balances of zillah schools regranted during the An additional grant of a lakh of rupees was made last year for primary education, and out of the total grant of six lakhs, the expenditure amounted to Rs. 5,81,00n, or according to the Accountant-General's statement, Rs. 5,99,482. The additional contributions of the people towards the support of the patshalas newly aided and brought on the returns amounted to Rs. 3,17,000. Under female instruction there has been an increase of Rs. 13,000 in Government and Rs. 83,000 in private expenditure. The Government expenditure on special instruction shows an increase of Rs. 13,000, while the private expenditure shows a decrease of Rs. 2,000; but this is inclusive of the expenditure on indigenous schools. 12. The following table sums up tho statistics of attendance and cost in all classes of schools for general instruction, whether Government, aided, or unaided. A similar statemont for colleges will be found under its proper head: AVERAGE TRARLY COST OF EACILIUMIT. CLABB OF SCHOOLS. Number of schools. Average roll numr. ber throughout the year. Average daily attend. ance, Percentage of attend. ance on roll aumber. Percentage of Go- Fernant cost to total cost. To Governwent. Total, Rs. A. P. Rs. A. P. 36 9 . O ... ... High Pnglish Schools- Goveramont Aided Unaided 51 118 66 276 129 255 224 101 210 814 783 23 12 7 7 6 12 4 S4 10 10 86 8 9 20 4 11 16'8 ... .. 232 197 160 812 ... ..... I... 4 Total High English Schools Middle English Schools Govorument Aided Unaided 100 . UR 139 68 60 784 776 22 0 11 5 80 600 36 98 16 13 5 8 1 8 01'3 847 . 40 80* HI.... ..... 884 38 776 ..... ".. Total Middle English Schools Midille Vornaoular Schools Government Aided Unwided ... rad Id. 187 808 84 03 49 61 41 98 773 77'5 784 2 10 8 8 13 8 7 7 8 5 8 4 63.06 80'3 ... . PO . ... .. ... ...... 1,079 B0 88 ... 76 ...... ..... Total Middle Vernacular Sohooli Uppar Primary Schools Government Aidod Unaided 19 2,089 100 82 82 31 02:5 812 71 3 14 1 1 11 0 20 22 3 16 8 8 11 8 3 7 10 881 485 ... 2,214 32 812 ...... ... Total Uppor Primary Schouls Impor Primary Schvoli (toverninent Aidini Ugalded 7 0 B ... 8 05,043 4,385 100 18 15 11 13 12 722 80 8118 7 06 0 8 7 .. 2 2 6 Total Lower Primury Schools 80,897 12 86 7 13. The percentage of daily attendance to tho monthly roll number shows little change; but it is observable that while the best organized schools have an average attendance of more than 80 per cento, schools of an inforior type, or those under less able management, have a lower percentage of attendance. The bad attendance of Government upper and lower primary schools is explained by the circumstance that these schools cxist in very backward parts of the country, or among a population which does not appreciate the benefits of education, the function of these schools being that of pioneers. The figures of attendance are 62-5 in upper primary schools and 72:2 in lower primary. 14. The average yearly cost of each pupil in Government high schools is slightly in excess of that of the last year, when it was pointed out that the inclusion of the Moorshedabad Nizamut school and college under this head caused a considerable increase of expenditure. The high average cost in Government middle English schools is due to the inclusion of the Kurseong ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 6 boarding school for Europeans and two boarding schools in the Hill Tracts of Chittagong, all of which cost large sums of money: The cost in aided high schools shows a small decrease, and that in aided midd e English schools a perceptible increase, from Rs. 4-15-3 to Rs. 5-8, this last again being due to the increased charges of a number of schools for Europeans and Eurasians under the Code, which has come into operation under the authority of the Government of India. The cost in aided middla vernacular schools, which teach the same course as the middle English schools, with the exception of English, was only Rs. 2-10-3 against Rs. 2-12-4 of the preceding year. The explanation for this large differenco in cost between these two classes of schools, lies in the circumstance that many of the middlo vernacular schools are weak institutions, and are slightly better than patslalas in point of organization and discipline, and that the sularics of the English masters is the most costly item of expenditure in a middle school. If schools for Europeans were separately returned, there would be a perceptible decrease of cost. It is also seen that while the cost per pupil in an aided upper primary school is Rs. 1-11-9, that in a lower primary school is so low as Ro. 0-8-7 per pupil per annum. This marked difference in cost to Governinent shows that the upper primaries are much better developed schools than the ordinary patshalas. 15. The proportion of Ilindus to Mahomodans in schools of all classes is shown below: 1) ... HINDOR. MANOMEDANA. Totnl number Number of Parcentuge Number of Percentage of pupils. pupils. of pupils. pupils. of pupils. 2,700 2,698 93 115 3:9 50),606 43,357 85.6 4,464 88 43.810 34,011 776 6,766 18.1 69,967 51.259 854 8,208 13.6 81,218 08,057 80.7 13,100 15.5 1,034,375 690 228 66.7 321,731 31 1 856 704 82-2 19 2:2 1,008 880 82 5 125 11.7 1,142 608 63.2 67 5.8 30,671 18,814 61.3 11,348 30.9 ... Arts colloger High English schools Middlo Middle vernacular Upper primary Lowor Profossional colleges Technical schools Normal Indigenous ... ... 1.. 16. In all schools taken together, the number of Mahomcdan pupils has increased from 18, 20, and 221 per cont. in 1880, 1881, and 1832, to 27:9 per cent. in 1883. As in the previous year, the increase is greatest in lower primary schools, in which the percentage of Malomedun pupils has risen from 25.1 to 31.1. A glance at the foregoing tablo shows how rapidly the percentage of Mahomedan pupils falls in schools of the higher classes, though even in them, including arts and professional colleges, the proportion is again slightly better than in the previous year. Thero has been a marked falling off in surveying, industrial, and other technical schools. It is one of the noteworthy facts of the year that the percentage of Mahomedans in indigenous schools shows a considerable decrease (fron 44 to 369 per cent.); but as a large number of schools of this class was transferred to the head of primary instruction during the past year, the decrease is not real. 17. The classification of pupils according to their progress in all schools of general instruction is shown in the following table. The higher stage includes pupils in the first two classes of high schools; tho iniddle stage includes pupils in the lower classes of these schools, and in the higher classes of middle schools down to the point at which primary instruction ends; the upper primary stage includes the higher section, and the lower primary the lower section of primary schools; these last being again divided into those who can, and thoso who cannot, read a printed book :- LOWER PRIMARY STAGR. UPPER PRIMARY HalfH BTAGE. MIDPLE STAGE. BTAGE. TOTAL. Namber of achools. llhor section. OLAH OJ SQUOOL.. Lower section. Number of pupils On the rolls on 81st March, Girls. Total. Boge. Total, Bogs. Girls. Total. Boys. Girls. Tota). Boge. Girls. Total. Total. "Esog 2 .. . Bloha English Hiddha vermucular Upra, primary 00 .. 288 80,800 8,441 102 8,549 19,832 107 19,629 10,808 141 10,013 8,482 250 8,788 2,678 178 2,900 49.788 30,840 888 49,8101 10 108,330 362 8,701 10,1197 801 11,498 18,0191 74+ 14,003 8,280 0A 8,488 41,348 3,86 49,810 1,096 69,287 69 88 8,240 76 0,821 13,632 172 13,705 18,738 407 19,140 17,052 693 17,7 68.820 1,847 $0.907 2,418 84,249 48% 317 800) 12,477 1,060 18,637 31,739 2,106 84,248 31,8704,290 85,840 18,078 8,178 84848 ... 61,488 1,034,876 61 08 12,184 187 12,300 368,203, 10,282 378,878) 010134 33,887 049,500 980,670 45,707 1,034,378 65,014 1,878,006 8,609 102 8,61107,481 93588,410 19,095 8,056 02,001 441,186 14,195 465,801 809,610 39,088 708,567 1,126,04 58,801 1,378,043 90. U. ... . ... Total ·B REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR BOYMAMI. 18. An examination of the foregoing table shows that the percentage of boys in all schools, who are in the higher stage of instruction, is 6, and of girls ·008; in the middle stage, of boys 2:9 and of girls •07; in the upper primary stage, of boys 4.7 and of girls -1; in the higher section of the lower primary stage, of boys 34.6 and of girls 1:1; and in the lower section of the same stage, of boys 52.5 and of girls 3. It also shows that each high and middle school includes a primary school as well, that is to say, 44.5 per cent of tho pupils in high schools aro in toe primary stage, while in middle English schools 80-1 per cent. and in middle vernacular schools 84:3 per cent. belong to the primary stage. The following table shows the social position and wealth of the parents or guardians of pupils pupils attending different classes of educational institutions:- Return of Social Position and Wealth. MIDDLE CLASBEH. POORBL CLAN. CLAAS OF INATITI'T101. Number of Institutions Yumber of pupils on the mis on the 31st March 1883. exceeding Richer classes of society esteeding : exceeding Rs. 2.000, and not Rs. 5,WH) a year.) exceedung Rs. 500), and not more than Rs. 5,000 N'than Rs. 2000 Rs. 201). and rot nuorr than Rs. 500 (111cne Income & Frar. Incoine & ytar a vcar. exceeding Rs. 100, and not more than Rs. 200 A Fear, Income fmm Rs. 100 downrants. JUOJU ƏWUJCI GRAFD TOTAL Total Arta Colleres Professional 441 84 23 11 2,000 850 307 11 817 37 4A1 61 1,787 141 119 0 208 11 (a)2,207 (6) 186 Schools for General Luucation. . For Boyn- HIK h English Middle Middle Vornacular Upper primary Lower Girls' schools Schools tor Hpeciul or toolnicul training Indigenous neliouls Total 232 40,750 0154 11,638 1,079 699,213 78,420 (50,337 1,010,182 1,908 27,450 3,007 001 811 616 2,346 060 1,163 2,082 1,8701 1,632 8,677 1,820 12,400 6,418 6,558 1,810 31,574) 3,024 14,109 32,978 11.730 19,69) 13,183 0,611 11,739 1,1) 38,816 138,965 6,223 10,607 8,004 0,000 11,063 9,975 18,40% 19,929 27,218 $2,405 322,444 552,705 0,809 9.355 13,114 49,759 1,088 41,088 $7,791 50,218 09,023 78,429 870.1 19 1,016,488 16,198 27,186 1.058 (c)9,569 20,105 30,071 9,06! 30,671 56 171 1:32 479 408 1,109 2.63 951 3,747 1,551 0,805 777 10,346 1,181 14,7050 68,888 1,311,092 9,568 23,000 00,440 160,009 2,49,088 405,304 644,846 1,080,150 1,309,708 (a) Erya of 080133 students whose guarılang'incones luns not loeen returned. (0) Itto ditto ditto ditto. Ditto 90 ditto ditto ditto. 20. It is seen that out of 2,900 students in Arts colleges, 2,297 have furnished returns of social position. The return was not received from the big unaided colleges. It is interesting to note that out of 2,297 whose parent's occupation and income are returned, only 307 have an income exceeding Rs. 5,000 per annum, and that so many as 1,787 have incomes varying from Rs. 200 to Rs. 5,000, the great majority consisting of the two upper divisions of the middle classes having an income above Rs. 500 and loss than Rs. 5,000. The return, thercfure, confirms what experinced officers have all along maintaned, that the great bulk of the students in colloges for general education belong to the upper-middle class. Only 203, or less than 10 per cent. are said to belong to the poorer classes. Of the professional colleges, no returns were received, except froin the Engineering colloge at Howrah, and the general conclusion arrived at in reference to tho Arts colloges applies to this institution. It may be explained here, that most of the professional colleges are schools of law attached to Arts colleges, and attended by students belonging to those institutions, so that the social position of the students in the two departments of the same collego cannot be widely different. 21. Of 49,759 boys attending high schools, only 3,667 are returned as having an incomo exceeding Rs. 5,000; but the great bulk of the students, numbering 32,978, belong to the middle class, and only 13,114 to the poorer classes. In middle English schools, however, the proportion of richer and middle class pupils begins to decrease. begins to decrease. Out of 41,638 pupils, only 901 belong to the richer classes, and 19,699 to the middle classes of society, while 21,038, or more than half the number belong to the poorer classes. As we go further ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION + down the series, we find that in middle. vernacular schools, out of 69,213 pupils only 811 belong to the richer, 20,611 to the middle, and 37,791 to the lower classes of society. In upper primary schools, out of 78,429 pupils, only 648 belong to the richer and 18,190 to the middle, while 59,623 belong to the poorer classes. In lower primary schools, which have an attendance of 10,16,482 pupils, only 2,364 belong to the upper and 138,969 to the middle, while 875,149 belong to the poorer classes. Although the returns had to be collectod in a hurry, owing to causes already explained, they afford striking confirmation of the opinion held by many departmental officers, that the lower the status of the school, the poorer the class of pupils attending it. 22. Out of 27,485 girls attending special schools ostablished for their benefit, only 660 belong to the richer and 10,667 to the middle, while 16,158 belong to the poorer classes. Of these last, 12,816 were found in lower primary schools for girls. In special or technical schools, out of 3,659, only 54 are of the richer, whilo 1,551 are of the midde, and 1,958 of the poorer classes, the income of 96 pupils being not reported. Indigenous schools, with an attendance of 30,671 pupils, have returned 171 in the richer, 5,395 in the middle, and 25,105 in the poorer classes. 23. The following table shows the occupations of the parents or guardians of the pupils attending schools of different classes: Return of Socinl Position anil Omupation. MIDLE CLASAK.. iustitu- POORER (LAASRM, CLAAS OF INSTITUTIONS. Number of tions. Number of pupils on the rolls on the 31st Jarch 1383. Richer classes. Government Service. Private service. Estates, Professions, Trades. Commull labour. Skilled labour. Service. Agriculture. Tutal. Trades. Miscellaneous GRAND TOTAL Total. مهمتها 307 4,38 472 29 11 2,800 836 277 0 61 1,787 100) 10 07 30 4 5 ... 208 (a) 7,287 11 (0) 104 ܚܙܝܙ .. Arta Colleges Wholessional Schools for General Education. 10. 7,693 4,893 232 49,759 054 41,034 1,079 59,13 2,214 78,129 60,387 1,016,482 1,398 27,485 87 3,0554 3,338 0,192 Por boy High English Middle Middle Vernaculnr Upper primary Lower Girls' schools Schools for spocial or tochnical training. Indigenoua schools Total 3,667 VO) 811 616 2,804 040) 84 8,263 2,4918 1,21 730 3,458 7,075 5,372 6.20+ 7,097 5,197 33,400 3,426 2,9643 21,800 1,577 1,701 32.978 3,694 199,609 4,570) 20,011 4,051 18,190 49,107 138,00 1,911 10.007 189 1,051 4,841 1,721 6,97 7,0) 14,009 7,231 31,257 01,210 61), HW; 3,274 5,490 892 8:01 745 HON 2,899 2,650 39,201) 1105 31 102 1,097 3,099 6,101 85,861 1,333 67 2,097 2,774 4.299 4,6:13 57,598 8,201 423 18,114 40,789 21,098 41,01% 87,791 09,218 159,849 78,4 $78,149 1,016,482 10,158 27,485 1,938 (0) 3,8138 ... 80,21M) 17.090 2,389 186 207 2,167 701 214 101 171 244 357 2,393 1,601 884 5,396 1,741 16,6:25 1,825 731 1,028 2,078 25,203 30,071 2,883 80,671 (18,888 1,811,092 1,605 | 21,081 40,631 83,919 10,420 01,081 249,1188 96,031 018,820 113,772 46,080 98,410 77,8199 1,050,150 1,309,708 a) Exclusive of 603 Rtudents whose guurdian's occupations have not been rotunell. (6) Ditto 090 dillo ditto ditto, (c) Ditto ditto ditto ditto 24. A brief analysis of the foregoing table shows that out of 1,787 pupils in Arts colleges belonging to the iniddle classes of society--Government service, private service, and estates together contribute the great majority of the students; that each of these contributes in nearly an equal proportion, and that professions and trades als yet contribute a very small number. The Hume remark applies to the only professional college which has furnished returus, and also to high schools in general. In middle schools of both classes, Government service con. tributes a much smaller proportion of middle class students than privato sorvice, estates, professions or tradus, and this rule holds generally in the caso of primary schools of both grades. It may, therefore, be statod in general terms, that Government service, private service, and estates together, largely patronise the high schools and colleges, but middle and primary schools are less favoured by Government servants than by peoplo of other classos of society. This conclusion is in accordance with general observation, as people already in the service of Government naturally find themselves inclined to bring up their children in a way which leads to Government service. These men, in fact, have little or no opportunities of testing the advantages of other lines of work.

·8 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR ORJIBAL UNXAXI. 25. The number of pupils in all classes of institutions, aided and unaided,. is here shown for each division :-- Colloges. Secondary Boliools. Primary schools. Bpecial schools, Indigenous schools. TOTAL DIVIBIOX. 1882. 1888. 1892. 1893. 1892. 1888. 1882. 1883, 1882. 1883, 1682. 1883. I.. 2,445 170 2,049 4,066 !. 2,201 167 484 72 828 17 197 Chloutta Presidency kurdwa Rajshahyo Dscns Chittagong Patia Bhagulpore. Chota Nagpore Orissa Orius Tributary Mehuls .. .. 646 149 8.52 226 8454 425 17,318 17.977 6,444 26,452 29,129 114,565 25,804 27,14% 199,587 12,747 13,000 49,907 26,752 27,047 $70,722 7,7035 9.235 101,944 14,211 14,877 120,287 6,9999 0,260 82,100 9:46 3,3801 211,315 8,64 4,149 90,934 797 674 13,149 10 326 16 220 6,735 125,009 214,712 61,424 185,710 160,035 133,214 83,031 33,670 104,80 11,798 888 89 936 110 536 S50 616) 85 851 100 118 936 2,691 1,089 8,076 8,716 16,610 09 200 958 98 27,107 144,811 230,987 09,219 146,471 114,209 147,487 89,403 84,186 30,387 13,019 28,184 4,217 1,52 1,2+0 1,09 1,683 1.13 27,917 165,867 245,847 76,701 219,411 173,448 183,878 89,628 87,717 109,009 12,676 054 88 411 177 6 46 51 Total 8,492 3,758 144,652 154,383 808,398 1,118,023 3,183 8,659) 613,918 30,071 1,100,046 1,311,003 ... OOSTROLLINO AGBUOTRB 11.–CONTROLLING AGENCIES. 26. The office of Director of Public Instruction was held by Mr. A. W. Croft till the 25th December last, when he was placed on special duty in connection with the Education Commission, and Mr. G. Bellett, (fficiating Prin. cipal, Presidency College, was appointed to act for him. Mr. Croft subse. quently obtaiuod privilege leave for three months, and he is expected to return to his post by the end of Novembor. 27. The following changes have taken place in the staff of superior inspecting officers since the date of the last report. Babu Bromo Mohan Mullick, senior Assistant Inspector, was employed for two months on special duty in Cooch Behar, and Babu Rajkrislına Roy Chowdry, Deputy Inspector of Hooghly, was appointed to do his work. Immediately on tho expiration of the official year Mr. C. B. Clarke returned to India, and relieved Mr. A. M. Nash, Officiating Inspector, Presidency Circlc. Mr. Nash at once joined the newly created post of Inspector of European Schools in accordance with the provisions of the new code sanctionod by the Government of India. Tho Hon'ble Bhudeb Mookerjee, C.J.E., Inspector of Schools, Behar and Western Circles, retired on good service pension, and was succeeded in tho Behar Circle by Mr. John Van Sonueren Popo, Principal, Dacca College, and in the Western Circle by Babu Bromo Mohan Mullick, Assistant Inspector of the Burdwan division. The Lieutenant-Governor in accepting tho resignation by the Ilon'ble Bhudob Mookerjee, C.I.F., of his appointment in the Educational service of Government has placed on record the high estimation, in which the Government of Bengal holds the long and excellent services, which the Hon'ble gentleman has rendered the State, especially in connection with the extension of primary education in these provinces. 28. The duties of the soveral grades of controlling officers of the department as explained in the last report, are defined in tho Government Resolution of the 29th July 1878. The Director is rosponsible to Government for the state of education of every kind, superior, secondary, and primary. Collegiate education is under his immediate control; secondary education under that of the Circle Inspector and the Magistrate respectively. The Circle Ing. poctor is the chicf local administrative officer of the department, who is immediately responsible for the state of secondary education in his circle. He has also to watch over and report on tho progress of primary education. The Joint Inspector occupies within his division the position of Circle Inspector, subject to general exercise of supervision by the Circlo Inspector, especially in matters connected with the administration of grants-in-aid and appointments in zillah schools. The Assistant Inspector is employed in duties either us extended as those of a Joint Inspector, or in certain spocial departments of work assigned to him by the Inspector, whose assistant he is. The Joint and Assistant Inspectors are no separato links in the administrative machinery, but exercise more or less the functions of the Circle Inspectors under express or implied arrangements. The Magistrate, with whom tho District Commitee is associated as a consultative body, is immediately responsible for the state of primary education, including the administration of the primary grant, the award of lower primary scholarships, and the control of the local training school for gurus, where such exists. He and primary ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION 9 11 OQITROLLIN La Draum is also an ex-officio visitor of schools of every class in his district, and his suggestions and criticisms receive the careful consideration of the Inspector or the Director. The District Committee have to supervise the zillah school, so far as regards its finances and discipline, the maintenance of the building, the attached hostel and other questions which can conveniently be disposed of by a committee on the spot. The Deputy Inspector is the local educational officer entrusted with the immediate supervision of schools of all classes in his district, except the zillah school and the first grade normal school, both of which insti. tutions are placed in respect of the appointment and promotion of masters and the regulation of studies under the orders of the Circle Inspector. The Deputy Inspector is therefore subordinate to the Magistrate as regards primary, and to the Inspector as regards secondary education. Under rocent orders, however, the Deputy Inspector is declared to be more closely concerned with secondary education, his responsibility in connection with which has been clearly defined; his duties in rogard to primary education being limited to supervi. sion and control of the Sub-Inspectors' work under orders of the Magistrate. The duty of Sub-Inspectors is mainly confined to the inspection and examination of primary schools in situ as well as at central gatlicrings for rewards and scholarships, under the Deputy Inspector's supervision. In districts where secondary schools are numerous, they are sometimes required to visit middle schools, and to report on their condition to the Deputy Inspector or the Inspector. 29. The inspection of secondary schools being recognized, under existing orders, to be the principal duty of the Deputy Inspectors of Schools, the matter is noticed at some length in the divisional reports. In the Burdwan division, the average number of visits paid by Deputy Iuspectors to high and middle schools was 80, against 83 of the previous your; but the number varied from 42 in Midnapore, where the administration of the primary grant takes up a large portion of the Doputy Inspector's time, and 68 in Beerbhoom, to 101 in Howrah, and 126 in Burdwan. In the Presidency division, the number of visits varied from 174 in the 24-Pergunnahs, and 92 in Nuddea, to 63 in Jessore, the average being 91. In Rajshahye, the average number of visits was 74; varying from 98 in Rungpore to 35 in Julpaiguri. In Dacca, the average is 81, varying from 117 in Dacca to 67 in Backergunge. In Chittagong, the visits numbered 87 in Tippcral, 82 in Chittagong, and only 22 in Noakhali. In the Patna division, the average was 49, varying from 77 in Sarun and 75 in Shahabad to 31 in Mozufferpore and 15 in Durbhanga. In the Bhagulpore division, the average was 62, varying from 80 in Maldah to 41 in the Sonthal Pergunnahs. In the Chota Nagpore division, where the number of secondary schools is very small, the average numbor of visits was only 12. In the Orissa division, the average was 29, varying from 52 in Cuttack to 15 in Pooree. 30. The Deputy Inspectors wore on an average on tour for 144 days during the year, varying from 178 days in the Bhagulpore division to 120 days in the Dacca division and 112 days in the Chittagong division. The low avoruges of these two divisions are probably accounted for by the circumstance that primary education has made a fresh start in them of late years, and largely increased the office work of the Deputy Inspectors in connection with the administration of the primary grant. There can, however, bo no doubt that under a better system, the office work of the Deputy Inspectors can be consider. ably reduced, and these officers set free for tho important ducy of supervising secondary schools in the interior of their charges. The matter, however, is one which requires separate consideration in reforence to the special arrangements in force in each district. 81. The averago length of tour of Sub-Inspectors of schools was 200 days, varying from 238 days in the Dacca division to 154 days in the Chota Nagpore division. It is now generally understood that each Sub-Inspector is expected to be in the interior of his sub-division for at least 20 days in the month, except in the months of April, May, and October, when thoy have to prepare the departmental returns, or when the schools are closed for a certain length of time in accordance with the customs of the country. The average of 200 days is high enough, but in districts where the means of locomotion are good, an average of 240 days may fairly be looked for. The number of schools under each Sub- Inspector varies from 50 in Singbhoom to 1,062 in Pooree. The largest Area under a Sub-Inspector is in Lohardugga, which gives an average of 4,015 square ·10 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR CONTROLIIN 40JNCIRL pro. miles. It may fairly bo assumed that the largest number of schools under a Sub-Inspector, even in very populous tracts, should not exceed 300, so that each school nay be visited in situ once in every six months by the Sub-Inspector himself, and once a month by the chief guru or model guru, where such an auxiliary inspecting agency already exists, or may hereafter come into existence. The Education Commission havo unanimously recommended that the subordinate inspecting officers should be properly remunerated. At present the salary of a third grade Sub-Inspector is only Rs. 30 a month, and the travelling allowance drawn by these officers has been reduced from three annas to two annas a mile. A representation has been submitted to Government on the subject, but no orders have yet been officially communicated to the Director. 32. The chief gurus, model gurus, or inspecting pundits are now employed on inspection work in the divisions of Burdwan, Dacca, Chittagong, Patna, Bhagulpore, and Orissa. The chief guru system was originally started in Behar by the Circle Inspector Baboo Bhudeb Mookerjco, C.I.E., and its chief features were described in the last general report. Wherever it has been tried under adequate supervision, it has not only brought to light a good number of existing schools previously unknown to tho department, but has, by the frequent mobilization of the pupils for central examinations, imparted a new life to the patsbalas. The money spent on the chief guru is small, as he draws only a small allowance of one anna a month for every patshula actually visited by him. The chief portion of his time is devoted to his own patshala, which serves as a model to those in his circle. The inspecting pundits, on the other hand, are a sort of miniaturc Sub-Inspectors, and are men of a somewhat higher standing than the ordinary village gurus; and the whole expendituro incurred on them is perly debitable to Inspection under the budget bead. The chief gurus were 883, and they paid 193,000 visits to patshalas. The number of inspecting pundits was 77, and they paid 45,000 visits to patslialas. 33. The functions of District Committees, under existing orders, however limited, are by no means of an unimportant character. They have generally taken considerable interest in the management of the zillah schools and the attached hostels, wherever they existed. Asthe constituted advisers of the Magistrate in regard to primary education, they have in several districts taken a part in the administration of the primary grant. In the Presidency division, the number of meetings held varied from 5 in Murshedabad to one in Jessore and the 24- Pergunnahs. In the Burdwan division, the Beerbhoom Committee met eight times during the year, and besides disposing of questions regarding the zillah school and the hostel, they helped the Magistrate in administering the primary grant, and in carrying forward the cducation of Sonthals. The districts of Hooghly and Howrah had each one meeting of the Committee during the year, while thero was no meeting whatever held in Burdwan. In the Raj. shahye division, the number of meetings held varied from 6 in Rungpore to 1 is Rajshahye. No return of the work of District Committees in the Dacca and Chittagong divisions has been received; but in the Patna division the number of meetings held varied from 7 in Mozufforpore to 1 in Gya. In the Bhagulpore division, the greatest activity was manifested by the Sonthal Pergunnalis Committee, which met cight times during the year to discuss chiefly questions regarding primary education. In Chota Nagpore, the Manbhoom Committee met ten times, and tho Singhbhoom Committee seven times, whilo the Hazaribagh and Lohardagga Committees met three times during the year. In Orissa the Pooree Committee met five times, the Cuttack Committee three times, and the Balasoro Committee two times during the year. The Committees had, besides supervising the zillah school and advising the Magistrate in respect of primary education, to award primary scholarships and to transact such miscellaneous business as was referred to them from time to time, III.-UNIVERSITY EDUCATION. 34. The number of Government colleges was twelve as in the previous year, inclusive of the College Department of the Bethune Female School. Eight of these are of the first grade, teaching the full course for the B. A. degree, namely the Presidency, Hooghly, Krishnaghur, Dacca, Rajshahye, Patna, and' Ravenshaw Colleges, and the Bethune School. The repiaining four are second grade colleges, teaching up to the First Examination in Arte. The aided ; VAIVERRITT LOCCATION ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 11 Duga colleges are five, as in the preceding year. Of these, throe teach the full college course, and the London Mission College has also opened a third-year class, so that the Doveton College is the only aided college that does not go beyond the First Arts standard. With the oxception of the Martiniere, all the unaided colleges are under the management of native gentlemen. Of these, the Metropolitian Institution toaches the full college course, and the three others confine their instruction to the standard of the First Examination in Arts. Bishop's College, Calcutta, and the Baptist Mission College at Serampore, have ceased to be colleges for general education, and are now theological institutions for training up native preachers. 35. The following statements give the usual information regarding attend. ance and expendituro:- Statement of attendance in Colleges for General Education. Number on thu rolls at tho end of tho yoar. COLLEGB9-GÅNERAL, Monthly fee. 1879. 18RO. 1881. 1882. 1883, R. 12 838 34 874 ... ) ... 383 167 156 283 6 194 ... 840 35 1 PO 116 79 20 114 155 187 76 Content- Presidency Dollogo Sanskrit Hooghly Duore Krtolinnghur Berhampore Putna Ravenshaw Cuttack Rajahnbyo Midnapore Chittagong Bethune Girls' School 194 280 08 11 80 33 182 40 OS 149 31 60 ... 1010 88 05 38 188 89 74 100 18 6 4 8 6 9 8 ... 22 13 10 . 3 5 17 0 .. ..... Tota! 1,058 1,086 1,200 1,805 1,248 6 208 409 361 69 86 1) . Goneral Assembly's College, Calcutta Frou Church 8t. Xavier's Doveton London Mission Collego,'Bhowanipore Total 221 79 8 6 101 145 64 28 60 #4 22 67 142 08 61 68 607 690 808 896 981 200 Unaidedroo. . 8 248 328 CA COCA 20 880 88 7 341 10% 42 62 3 406 108 30 85 18 ..... La Martiniera Calcutta Metropolitan Institution City College Albert Maharaju's Collogo, Burdwell Baptist Mission College, Serampore con. vertud into theological school, Total GRAND TOTAL Pree. 260 882 408 64% 681 .. ... 1,881 2,008 2,5:05 2,745 X300 Inclusive of 23 students studying for the sunshrit Tatle ex minution, Ditto 38 ditto ditto ditio. Statement of Expenditure in Colleges for General Education EXPENDITURE IN 1882-83, COST PER ANNIM POL BACA STUDENT." COLLEGE8-GENERAL. Sumber of pupils on the roils on the 31st March 1833. Average monthly roll nun ber. A Ferage daily atten. dance. From Atato From fuga, l'unda, &o. Total. From Stato Tuudy, rom focu, ac Total, Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. 4. P. Ks. A. P. Ra. A. P. 996 ... . .. SAS 67 150 286 312 88 140 220 177 201 . 30 ... 88 ... 83 180 87 80 133 91 62 8 10 188 30 78.8KO 19,184 31466 21,244 23,026 19,765 865,103 12,201 8,971 2.4450 8,957 8,020 18,190 1,277 11,178 20,849 4,398 2.0X40) 11,414 2,149 13,305 3,777 768 301 1,27,019 21,101 4:1,4% 41.373 20,421 1., 765 47,849 15,200 19.927 6,737 4,705 3,021 236 60) 30) 4 4 177 11 10 81 532 76 3.5 14 8 242 11 2 331 1 101 $ 9 269 1 6 218 11 6 001 0 0 149 ) () 19 6 7 07 10 30 77 JS 5 03 92 Ou 08 70 79 11 21 220 11 343 5 10 42 10 & 100 99 Government Pheridonoy College Sukrit Hooghly Ducou Kushnaghur , Berhampore Pavonshaw Catluck Rajah-hye Midnapore ObittuKODE Bethune Giri 'School... Total Aide General a gombly's College Free Church 84. Xavier's Doveton London Winston Collego, Bhowanipore. Total 379 40 820 911 245 6 7 161) 4 0 0200 8 3808 819 15 10 41 012 11 3.78 61% 78 201 69 704 % 3 18 27 18 11 18 5 119 ... 1,298 1,190 1,025 2,51,743 1,80,900 9,72,739 209 16 4 010 100 14 7 310 13 11 480 1.0 892 189 66 402 288 149 58 81 7,200 6,400 4,200 . 0 0 0 8 87 801 80 128 119 0 6 853 6 91 .. 43,100 22,140 28,800 8,99% 11,874 1024 128 148 1 0 410 18 80,300 27,841) 30,000) 9,03 14,12+ 07 .. 51 86 2,350 40 8 9 218 6 0 258 18 UP 981 80 692 094 10,350 1,06,607 24 6 11 129 8 9 163 1,25,067 4,98,646 GRAND TOTAL 2,440 2,044 1,737 2,71,083 2,27,808 138 0 4 112 8 8 . Found by dividing the expenditure by the average monthly roll number. N.B.Rovimed statistics of the Doveton. Colleve were afterwards received from which it appears that Rs. 600 w drama trum Governmond, and that all adaitional sum of Bw. 2,607 W# expended from local nourdou.

·19 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR UNIVERSITY IDDCATION. 36. It is seen from the first of the forogoing statements that the number of under-graduates in Arts has increased from 2,745 to 2,900 or 5'6 per cent, against 8.6 per cent in the previous year. While there has been a slight decline in Government colleges, the aided colleges show an increase of 56, or 6.2 per cent, and the unaided colleges of 106, or 19:4 per cent. The Government colleges at Patna, Rajshahye, and Midnapore show a satisfactory increase of pupils, and the Presidency College, the Berhampore College, the Dacca College, and the Revenshaw College, Cuttack, are nearly, stationary ; but there has been a decline at Hooghly, Krishnaghur, and Chittagong; and the College Department of the Bethune School also shows a decrease of pupils. The declino at Hooghly is probably to a largo extont due to the establishment of the Maharajalı's Free College at Burdwan, and the long-continued prevalence of malarious fever at Krishnaghur has driven a large number of Nuddea pupils to seek collegiate education at Calcutta. Of the aided colleges, the Free Church Institution and the St. Xavier's College show a large increase in attendance, while thore has been a large falling off in the General Assembly's Institution. The Doveton College is steadily increasing in numbers, but the London Missionary College, which las started a third-year class, shows a small decrcaso. Among unaided colleges, tho Metropolitian Institution maintains its numerical supremacy, and at present occupies the position heretofore held by the General Assembly's College, as the most numerously attended college in Bengal. The General Assembly's College stands second and the Presidency College holds the third place in point of numbers. The Maharajah's College at Burdwan las gained a large accession of pupils, while the Albert College has slightly declinod. The City College has gained a small addition to the numbór of its pupils. The Baptist Mission College at Serampore has ceased to exist as a college for general education. In 1874 the number of students in all colleges was 1,083; in 1883 it is 2,900. This increase is chiefly confinod to Calcutta, where there are now 1,949 students in Arts, against 633 in 1874. The existence and continually increasing success of the aided and private colleges of Calcutta account for this state of things. While the fee-rate in the Prosidency College is Rs. 12 and that in the aided colleges is Rs. 5 a month, all the unaided colleges under the management of native educationists charge a lower rate, namoly Rs. 3 a month. That so large a number as 550 uro receiving collogiate education in these last named institutions not only justifios their existence, but shows that they camo into existence bocause there was a need for them. In 1874 there were only 450 studeuts in the moffusil colleges; in 1883 there are 1,252. 37. The general movement of college students was as follows :-Of 956 candidatos in Bengal, who passod the Entrance Examination in December 1882, 829 joinod the first-year classes of colleges for general instruction in January 1883, besides 26 who joined the Civil Enginecring College, making a total of 89.4 per cent, who pursued a course of studies in the University. The correspouding numbers for 1882, 1881, and 1880 wore 901 out of 1,026, 1,020 out of 1,184, and 729 out of 768, forming an average of 90 per cent. The 901 first-year students of Arts Colleges in 1882, formed the socond-year classes of 1883, and their numbers were increased to 1,158 by the ro-admission of students who had been unsuccessful at the First Arts Examination of 1882, The second-year students of March 1883 numbered 1,135, and of these 1,076, besides 42 teachers, presented thicinselves at the First Arts Examination of the following Deceniber. Of the 370 who passed, 364 form the existing third-year classes of first grade colloges in Arts. The admissions to the Medical College in June 1883 were 23, so that some students who had passed the First Arts Examination in previous years must have taken their admission into the Medical College, and also into the Arts Colleges. The 271 third-year students of 1882, together with 83 candidatos unsuccessful at the B. A. Examination of Janu. ary 1883, now forin the fourth-year classes in Arts Colleges of the first grade. Finally 381 (in addition to 27 teachers) presented themselves at the B. A. Examination of January 1883, and 167 passed, of whom 69 are now reading in first-grade collogos for the M. A. degree, against 65 in the preceding year. The figures given above show, as in previous years, that of the successful candidatos at the entrance examination, about 90 per cent become members of colleges, and that alunost all who pass the First Arts Examination road on for the degreo.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 13 1 UNIVERSITY NDDOA TION. 38. Again, of 1,076 candidates from colleges at the First Arts Examination in December 1882, 366 passed; of the 710 unsucessful candidates, 256 were re-admitted into the second-year classes of 1883 at the beginning of the session, while others will, as usual, be re-admitted later in the year. More than half, however, of the unsuccessful students discontinued their studies. In the same way, of the 219, who failed at the B. A. Examination in January 1883, oply 83 were re-admitted to the fourth-year classes at the beginning of the present session, leaving a residue of 136, who are probably unable to continuo their studies any longer. Some however may join later on. These two classes of ex-students form a large percentage of candidates for employment in the various lines of service for which they are fitted. 39. The total expenditure upon Government and aided colleges for general education has declined from Rs. 5,19,123 to Rs. 4,98,696. Of this sum Government contributed Rs. 2,71,093 to meot Rs. 2,27, 603 from fees, &c., while there has been some increase in the expenditure on the Presidency, Sanskrit, Dacca, and Rajshahye Colleges. The decrease of charges at Krishnaghur has been considerable, and the Hooghly, Putna, and Cuttack Colleges have also cost less than in tho previous year. 40. The total cost of cach student in Government colleges, as dotermined by the averago roll number, has again declined from Rs. 321 to Rs. 311, the State contribution having declined from Rs. 217 to Rs. 210, and the contribution from private sources having also slightly doclined from Rs. 103 to 101. In aided colleges the total cost of each student has been reduced from Rs. 185 to Rs. 153, the cost to the State being Rs. 24 instead of Rs. 28, and the payment from private funds being Rø. 130 instead of Rs. 157. The increase in the average cost to Government of pupils at the Presidency College (from Rs. 215 to Rs 235 is due to the increased expenditure on grade increments of salarios payable to Professors, payınent of arrears of salary, and also to the appointment of a new Professor. At Hooghly the cost to Government has been Rs. 178, against Rs. 192 of the preceding year, but still it was higher than thò avorage of 1881, when it was only Rs. 161. At Dacca the cost was Rs. 81, against Rs. 92 of the preceding year, but at Krishnaghur it roso from Rs. 439 to Rs. 532, owing as explained before, to the large decrease of pupils caused by fevor, in spite of the largo reductions effected in the cost of the professarial staff from January 1883. At Patna the cost to Government was Rs. 243, against Rs. 273, while at Cuttuck, it has declined from Rs. 445 to Rs. 331. The Rajslıahye Collego, however, though largely supported from local funds, shows an increaso of cost por pupil from Rs. 63 to Rs. 101, the increase being due to the increments of salaries drawn by the Professors, and the addition to the staff rondored necessary by the now regulations of the University as to the teaching of science in the First Arts course. Berhampore remains nearly stationary, the cost to Government per pupil being Rs. 326, against Rs. 325 of the previ. ous year. At the Sanskrit College, the cost rose from Rs. 288 to Rs. 301, owing to the increased salaries drawn by the graded staff. At Midnapore, there has been a further increase of cost per pupil, from Rs. 214 to Rs. 269, although the number of pupils has increased. I'ho grade promotions and increments of salary granted to the staff account for this increase. Chittagong shows a large decrease of cost, from Rs. 280 to Rs. 219. The cost of each student in the college classes of the Bethune girls' school is now Rs. 604, against Rs. 750 of the precoding year. Among the aided colleges, the General Assembly's College drew Rs. 15 from Government per pupil, while the Free Church College drew Rs. 29; St. Xavier's College, Rs. 58; the Bhowanipore London Mission College, Rs. 46. 41. UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS.-On comparing the figures of the First Arts Examination with those of the previous year, it is found that in the earlier year, of 806 candidates from collegos, 287 passed, or 35.6 por cent; as many as 41.9 per cent passing of candidates who appeared for the first time and 24.8 per cent of those who had previously failed; while at the examination of 1882, of 1,076 candidates from colleges, 366 passed, or 34 per cent, as many as 36-7 passing of candidates who appeared for the first time, and nearly 29 per cent of the unsuccessful candidates of previous years. Comparing, in the same way, the figures for the B. A. examination in 1882 and 1883, we find that ·14 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR LDUDATION, in the earlier examination, of 283 catididates 91 passed, or 32-2 per cent, 38 per cent passing of candidates appearing for the first time and 24 per cent of the unsuccessful candidates of previous years, while in 1883, of 381 candidates from colleges, 162 passed, or 42.5 per cent, 34.8 per cent passing of candidates appearing for the first time and 51:3 per cent of those who had failed at previous examinations. These variations in the results of the examination from year to year, though still considerable, have a tendency to become less since the appointment of the University Moderators, charged with the duty of preserving uniformity in the standard of the examintious. On the whole, while the results of the F. A. examination were 1:6 per cent worse, those of the B. A., oxamination were 10-3 per cent better than those of the previous year. The year has also to record the unexampled success of unsuccessful B. A. candidates of previous years. 42. First ExamINATION IN ARTS.--The following table gives the details of the examination. The number of second-year students in March 1882 was 1,135 and of these 1,076 (together with 42 teachers) appeared at the examination held in the following December: First Arts Examination, December 1882. NUMBER PARSED IN THE- COLLIG IS. Onnd lates e'x numited. TOTAL First division. Rocond division. Third division, R . 14 1 4. 38 ... ... :::::::: 2 Government- Presidency College Banskrit Hooghly Dacca Kriabraghur Borhampore Patna Ravenalaw Cuttack Rajshahye Midnapore Cbittasong Bothune School (College classes) .. .. 129 18 03 113 28 21 03 1% 92 0 9 1 82 3 26 22 11 6 10 3 6 1 8 . +*na 17 10 10 7 11 . .. . II . IP ... I. Total 473 57 122 198 . 3 12 89 ... 82 400 Alded General Ansembly's College Fron Church St. Xavior's Doveton London Missionary Sociolles College, Bhiwanipur St. Paul's School, Darjeeling (College clusses) 211 107 13 20 26 3 3 S 6 4 1 2 1 1 Total 379 0 30 71 ... 107 10 18 16 ... . Unaided Metropolitan College City Albert Mahurajab's Burdwan La Murtinioro Bora nipore 27 93 $ 8 I. 181 61 20 8 1 7 1 1 ... .. .. 1 2 Total 6 20 38 Teachers ... . GRAND TOTAL 1,118 91 107 232 870 II. 43. An examination of the foregoing statement shows that Government colleges passed 41.8 per cent of their candidates, against 45 per cent in 1881 and 43 per cent in 1880; aided colleges passed 28-2 per cent, against 26-3 per cent in 1881 and 32 per cent in 1880 ; and private colleges 27.2 per cent, against 29 per cent in 1881 and 37 per cent in 1880. Again, of the candidates from Government colleges one in 25 was placod in the first division, against one in 11 in 1881, and one in 20 in 1880; of candidates from aided colleges one in 63, against one in 70 in 1881 and one in 54 in 1880; and of those from private colleges ono in 37, against one in 41 in 1881 and one in 36 in 1880. Tho largest number of successful candidates (54) is supplied by the General Assembly's College, as well as the Presidency College, but while the former passed only 25'5 per cent of its candidates, the latter had a proportion of 42 per cent of successful candidates. Again, while one student out of 70 in the former passed in the first division, one in 16 in the latter won similar honours. The colleges at Hooglily and Dacca maintain a ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 16 OMIVIR HDDOADOR. distinguished position, and the Free Church College takes rank next to these institutions. The Patna College has somewhat fallen back, but all the smaller colleges have done fairly at this oxamination. The Berhampore College has done much better than in the year before, having passed 10 out of its 21 candidates. 44. The following table shows the religion of the candidatos, The numbers passing in tho previous year were 269 Hindus, 12 Mahomedans, 7 Christians, and 7 others :- First Arts Examination, December 1882. NUMBIR PAPRED IN TI Numbor of audruutus, Firut division Ni oond division, Third division. Total. 29 ... ... 1,035 27 95 1 7 344 7 Hindus ... Mahomedan, Christians Others .. 220 6 1 5 21 2 10 7 4 35 6 Total 1,118 31 107 2012 370 45. Upon the results of the First Arts Exainination 50 senior scholarships were awarded. The follwing tablo shows the collegos from which the successful candidates came: Sencor Scholarships, January 1883. COLI.BG BO. First grade, R. 26 a month. Hocond prado, Rs 20 A mouth Total Government .. 8 6 :::: ... 1 Presidency College Hooghly Dacoa Krishnaghur Patna Ravonshaw Cattack Rajshahye Midnapore Borbamporo 5 6 2 6 2 3 2 2 . II. ... .. 2 2 2 Total 7 31 38 1 2 Aided General Antembly's College St. Xavier's College L. M. S College, Bhowaniporo St. Paul's School, Darjeeling 1 1 1 1 ... Total 11 la parede produto 2 2 Onarded Metropolitan College City College Serampore College ... 1 los mese .. Total . GRAND TOTAL ... 10 39 46. The 10 scholarships of the first grade are opon to general compotition. Seven of these were won by students of Government colleges, ono by a student of the aided General Assembly's College, and two by students of tho unaidod Metropolitan Institution. The second grade scholarships are allotted to different districts and divisions, or in other words, except in the case of Caloutta, to certain colleges. It is, therefore, only in Calcutta that thore is any competition between one college and another. Of the Calcutta scholarhipe, the Presidency College carried off four, the aided colleges three, and the unaided collegos three.

·16 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR UNIVERSITY 47. The following table shows the colleges in which the senior scholars elected to continue their studies: EDUOATION, COLLEGBB. Scholars of the art grado. Sobolars of the sound grade. Total 14 ... ..t . 10 4 6 19 ... . Government- Presidency College Hooghly Dacca Krishnagur Patna Ravenshaw Cuttack Kajshahyo ... 1 .. 6 1 8 2 I.. .. loliini :: Total 30 36 Aided Gencrals Assembl'y College St. Xavior's Froo Church 1 91 ... 2 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 St. Paul's School, Darjeeling ... ... Total ... 1 5 6 Unaided- Metropolitan College 3 ... ... 7 GRAND TOTAL 10 39 49 Nineteen of the senior scholars chose the A, or literature course for the B. A. degree and 29 the B, or scionco course, while the remaining one scholar did not select either course at the time of the award. Last year 16 chose the A course. 48. B. A. Examination. The following tablo shows the result of the examination held in January 1883 :- B. 4. Eramination, January 1883. NUMBER PAST) IN TUR COLLEGEN. Candidatos Oxemno, Totul. Necond First division. dynion, Third divinion, 87 10 18 2 Governinant- Presidency College Hooghly Kristinagliur., Tart2 Putra Ruvonshaw College, Cuttack Rajabahye Rethuna Girls School 37 18 1 10 10 5 1 6 33 23 7 7 2 6 S ONDON 2 2 Total .... 187 12 27 82 1 Aidad General Amnejbly's College, Calcutta Free Church St. Xavier's 107 27 6 81 13 S7 15 2 > 1 Tota) . 2 7 86 03 5 (naudad Metropolitan College, Calcutta Surunporo College 94 17 1. Total 34 y 6 17 Teachers 27 5 5 ... II. ...... GIANT) TOTAL 408 16 ... 99 113 167 49. The Government colleges passed 43.8 per cent of their candidates, against 40.5 per cent in 1882 and 465 per cent in 1881; the aided colleges passed 40 per cent, against 24 per cent in 1882 and 43 per cent in 1881, while the unaided Metropolitan Institution passed 44.4 per cent, against 16:0 per cent in 1882 and 42 per cent in 1881. The Hooghly College passed 59 per cent of its candidates, as in the preceding year; but tho Dacca College passed only 30 per cent, against 44 per cent. The Presidency College passed 42.5 per cent of its candidatos, against 38 per cent, and the Patna College 4:3-4, against 33 por cent. The Ravenshaw College passed five out of its seven candidates_one of them in the first division--a result exceedingly creditable to the teaching staff. The Rajshahye Colloge passed four out of seven candidates. The largest failure, as expected, was at Krishnaghur, which suffered from the effects of ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 17 OMITIRAITY EDUCATION malarious fever. The General Assembly's College passed 34.5 per cent of its candidates, and the St. Xavier's College, which was totally unsuccessful in 1882, passed four out of its six candidates in 1883. The Free Church College passed 15 out of its 27 candidates-a very favourable result. Of tho successful students from the Presidency College, 42 failed in English, 36 in mathematics, 20 in science subjects, nine in the second language, two in history, and 14 in philosophy. At Hooghly, the chief failure was of six candidates in mathematics out of 22 sent up. At Dacca 16 failed in English, 17 in mathematics, five in science subjects, five in the second language, four in history, and four in philosophy. The failures were nearly equal in the A as well as the B course. At the Patna College, which teaches only the B course, the chiof failures were nine in English, ten in chemistry, and six in science subjects. At Krishnaghur out of six B-course candidates, one was absent from the examination and there were three failures in English, two in mathematics, ono in chemistry, and one in physics. The increased success in science subjects is due to the strengthening of the lecturing staff. At the Rajshahye College, which teaches only the B course, all the three students who failed wore unsuccessful in English, chemistry, and physical geography. At the General Assembly's College, the failures in English were 45, in mathomutics 43; in philosophy 30; in tho second language 22, and in chenistry 14. At the Free Church Collego, the failures were nine in English, nine in mathematics, three in philosophy, and three in science subjects. At the St. Xavier's College, two failed in English and chemistry. At the Metropolitan Institution, the chief failures were 20 in English, 18 in mathematics, and 12 in philosophy. The fatal subjects in both the A and the B course are English and mathematics, with philosophy in the one and chemistry in the other.course in addition. 50. Of all the candidates from Bengal 205 took tho A, or literature course, and 203 the B, or science course, against 184 and 125, respectively in the previous year. Of these who chose the A course, 38 per cent passed, while of those who took the B course, 43.8 per cent were successful. In the two preceding years the percentages were 23 and 32 in literature and 42 and 50 in science. These results tend to the inference that either the B course is casier, or in selected by the more cour potent students. Government colleges in Bengal sent up 51 candidates for the A and 136 for the B course; non-Government colleges sent up 136 for the A at 58 for the B course. The presidency and Dacca colleges teach both coursos as part of their regular curriculum ; in all other Government colleges the science course alone is taught, though students occasionally present themselves in the literature course from the Hooghly, Krishnaghur, and Patna Colleges. The aided and private colleges prepare more candidates for tho A than for the B course; but at St. Xavier's College the science course holds the chief place. The religion of the candidates is shown in the following statement. The Eshan University Scholarship of Rs. 45 a month, for the Hindu native of Bengal who stands highest in the list, was awarded to Mahendra Nath Ray of the Presidency College. B. A. Fxamination, 1883. NUMBER PABBED IN THE Number of on adidatus. First division. Second division. Turd dı, IJOD. Total. 15. 35 380 17 6 108 4 1 Hindas Mabomedang Ohriatians Others 158 5 2 .. 2 6 1 1 2 Total 408 16 39 113 167 .. M. A. Degree Examination.-The number of candidates from Bengal for Honours in Arts was 39, of whom 20 were successful, three being placed in the first class, nine in the second, and eight in the third. For the ordinary degree there were 35 candidates, of whom 16 passed. From the Presidency College 15 candidates went up for honours, and 10. passed, viz. three in English, two in Mathematics, one in Philosophy, and four in Science. From the Hooghly lange, five went up, and two were successful, one in English and one in Science.

·18 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR UNIVERSITY SDUOATIOX. All the three sent up from the Sanskrit College passed in Sanskrit, and two out of three sent from the Dacca College, passed in Science. From the General Assembly's College, out of seven sent up, two passed in English and one in Mathematics. 51. For the ordinary degree, tho Presidency College passed two in Mathematics and six in Science; the Hooglily College one in English and two in Scienco; the Patna College two in Science, and the Goneral Assembly's College one in Philosophy. 52. Altogether, the results of the examination are more favourable than thoso of the preceding year, when out of' 47 candidates only 19 took honours, and six out of 20 took the ordinary degrco. 53. COLLEGE REPORTS.The following accounts show the progress of higher education in the colleges affiliated to the Uuiversity in Arts. The statistics of the Presideucy Collego are given, as in previous years, in fuller detail than those of other colleges. 54. Presidency College.--During the year under report, the following changes took place in the staff of the collego:-In November 1882, Mr. F. J. Rowe, M.A., returned from furlough. In December, on the appointment of Mr. G. Bellett, M.A., as Officiatiny Director of Public Instruction, Mr. J. Eliot, M.A., was appointed to Act as Principal. In January 1883, Mr. J. A. Martin, B.A, was transferred from Krishnaghur. In February Mr. J. II. Fisher, B.A., who liad just arrived from England, was posted to the Presidency Collego. Mr. W. Booth, B.A., proceeding to Europe on five month's special leave in March, his duties devolved upon Mr. Fisher. Mr. A. E. Gough returned from furlough at the end of March. 1880. 1881. 188. 1R83. Increase in 1883. GENERAL DEPARTMENT. Regular Out Rugular Out. Regular 'Rogular Out Rokular Cute students students. Studunts. students. students. students. Hudents. studuuls. students, studonto. - .. ...... 16 80 5 88 10 .... Ilonour clasy Fourth-yenr class Thurat Ground First 21 75 66 78 105 2 8 31 25 7+ 70 128 80 12 3 99 .... 13 S7 137 DE 111 81 ....10 Total 936 50 311 383 47 9 55. The above table, which gives the numerical strength of the college on the 31st March, during the last four years, shows that there is an increase of nine in the number of regular students and a decrease of sixteen in that of out-students, these last being members of other colleges, who attend lectures at the l’residency in certain special subjects. 56. The honour, class is composed of 25 students, eight of whom are studying English, four mathematics, and 13 physical science. 57. Of the 74 regular students who form the fourth-year class, 52 have elected the B course and 22 the A course. Of these latter, 21 have taken history and philosophy as their optional subject, and one philosophy and mathematics. 58. Of the 70 students in the third-year class, 39 have taken the B course and 37 thu A course. The first-ycar class was examined by the officers of the college, and the result was satisfactory. The third-year class was not examined, as it was favourably reported on by the Professors. The income from fecs was Rs. 48,199, against Rs. 48,503, and the expendituru Rs. 1,27,045, against Rs. 1,20,498 of the preceding year. . The increased expenditure is due to annual increments of salaries, payment of arrears of salary, and also to the appointment of a new Professor. 59. One hundred and twenty-nine candidates from tho second-year class went up for the First Arts examination, and 54 passed, eight in the first division, 14 in the second, and 32 in the third, against a total of 31 of last year. Of the unsuccessful candidates, 56 failod in English, 57 in mathematics, 45 in the second language, 43 in history, and 23,18, and 6 in logic, chemistry, and psychology, respectively. Upon the result of this examination, four senior ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 19 UNITATE EDUCATION, scholarships of the first grade and four of the second grade were awarded to the students of this college. 60. Of 87 candidates from this college at the B. A. examination, 30 selected the A course and 57 the B course. In the A course nino passed and in the B course 28 passed, against a total of 13 and 15 respectively of the previous year. Of the unsuccessful candidates, the failures ranged from 42 and 86 in English and mathematics to one in optional mathematics. On the result of the B. A. examination the following students were elected foundation scholars ; and they are now roading for honours in tho subjects specified against their names :- Name of scholar Name of scholarship. Rs. 50 50 40 Mahendra Nath Roy Rurdwan scholar Mahini Mohan Lahiri Dwarkannth Tagoro scholar Buikuntha Kisor Chakrabatti... Bird scholar Gobind Lal Sot Ryan Jamini Mohan Das (topi Mohan Tagoro Pares Chuudra Banerjea Hindou Collego Foundation Jagendra Nath Mookerjca scholars. 40 Mathematics. English. Physical Science. Ditto. Mathematics. Physical Science. English. ... ... 80 30 Mahendra Nath Roy obtained both the Eshan and Vizianagrain Scholarships, and also the Haris Chandra prizo. 61. Fifteen candidates from this college appeared at the honour examination, and 10 passed, against eight of the preceding year. The classes obtained and the subjects taken up are shown below: NAME. Class, Subjeot. Dhan Ballabh Set Deb Prasad Sarbadhikari Madhab Chunder Dutt Bhupati Chakraburti Rani Chundra Mujumdar Radha Gobind Dus Jadab Chundra Dutt Phani Bhuslian Boge Debendra Nath Monkerjee Jagendra Nath Haldar :::: :::::: Second, Ditto. Third. First. Ditto. Third, Socond. Ditto. Third Ditto. English. Ditto. Ditto. Philosophy. Mathematics. Ditto. Physical Science. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. .. .. 1 Thirteen candidates appeared at the M. A. exanination, and eight passed, against only one of last year. Tho names of the successful candidates and the subjects taken up are given below. Namo of scholar. Subject, Hari Das Bose Physical Science. Narayan Das Chatterjee Mathematics. Gunga Dhur Das l'hysical Scienre. Ambika Charun Majumdar Mathematics. Upendra Chandra Mitra Physical Scicacc. Krislina Doyal Prananık litto. Kali Taran Samunta Ditto. Khetra Lal Sinbe Ditto ... ... ... .. ... 62. The library and tho college building aro in good order. 63. Sanskrit College.-'The Sanskrit College is an Anglo-Sanskrit Institution, though it also provides for the education of those who way wish to study only Sanskrit. In rogard to English, it teaches the same course as second grade colleges, while Sanskrit teaching is carried to a point well above the course laid down for the M. A. examination in that subject. On the retirement from the servico of Professor Giris Chundra Bidyaratna and Assistant Professor Ram Narayan Tarkaratna, their places wero filled by Pundits Chundra Kanta Tarkalankar and Hara Prasad Sastri, M.A., respectively. Pundit Kamikhya Nath Tarkabagisa was transferred from the School to the College Department as an Assistant Professor of the Nyaya Philosophy. Of tho two retired officers the officaiting Principal speaks most highly, both with regard to their scholarship and their services as teachers. The number of students on the 31st March was 57, against 68 of the preceding year, seven being in the first-year class, 12 in the second, three in the third, eight in the fourth, two in the honour class, and 25 in the title C 2 ·20 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR UNIVERSITY BDUOATION, year. The class. The difficulties of the special Sanskrit course prevents the college from being recruited from ordinary Entrance schools, while many students, who pass the Entrance examination from the Sanskrit collegiate school, join other colleges. The examinations of the first and third year classes were conducted by the officers of the college, and the results were fairly satisfactory. Of 17 candidates at the First Arts examination, four passed-one in the second division and three in the third, against a total of 10 of last failures were 11 in English, 12 in mathematics, seven in history, six in logic, and four and one in the remaining subject. 64. The college sends no candidates to the B. A. examination. Such of the students of the fourth-year class, as appear at that examination, are sent up by the Presidency and other colleges in which they learn their English subjects. Of those who appeared at the last B. A. examination, two passed--one in the first division and one in the third, against a total of three of last year. Three candidates went up for the Honour and M. A. examinations in Sanskrit, and they all passed; one in the first class and two in the second. Of two candidates from the college at the Sanskrit Title examination, one passed very creditably and the other failed. The music class, which had been opened as a tentativo measure, was examined in February last, and rewards and prizes awarded to successful students. The term of experiment for which the class was sanctioned has since been extended to another year. The income from fees was Rs. 1,277, against Rs. 1,594 of last year, and the expenditure, Rs. 21,161, against Rs. 20,625. 65. Hooghly College. During the year under review, Mr. A. C. Dutt, Lecturer on Chemistry, and a young officer of great promise, died of cholera, and was succeeded by Babu Braja Bulhav Dutt, M.A. A complete master of his subject, Mr. Dutt threw himself into his work, and took strong interest in those who were entrusted to his charge. Ho was very popular with his students, and his early death was deeply lamented. In Mr. Dutt the Hooghly College has sustained a loss which it will be difficult to replace. On the transfer to Krishnaghur of Mr. J. Mann, M.A., Mr. S. Robson, M.A., was transferred from Patua to Hooghly. The number of students on the 31st March was 154, viz. 41 in the firstyear class, 70 in tho sccoud, 21 in the third, and 22 in the fourth, against à total of 193 of last year. The decrease is in a large measure due to the establishment of a free college at Burdwan teaching to the First Arts standard, and also to the fact that only a fow students passed the Entrance examination from the collgiate and branch schools, from which the first-year class is chiefly recruited. The first and third year classes were examined by the officers of the college, and the results were fairly satisfactory. Sixty candidates went up for the First Arts examination, of whom 36 passed, two in tho first division, eight in the second, and 26 in the third, against à total of 27 of last year. Of 21 candidates at the B. A. examination, 13 passed, two in the first division, four iu the second, and seven in the third, against the same number of last year. Five candidates presented themselves for Hononrs and five for the M. A. degree, two passed in Honours in the second division, one in English, and one in botany. Throe passed the M. A. examination, one in English and two in botany. The results of all the examinations were highly satisfactory, and reflect much credit on the colloge staff, particularly on the principal, Mr. Griffiths. The total fee-receipts were Rs. 11,978, against Rs. 12,854, and the total expenditure Rs. 43,438, against Rs. 47,485. The decrease of expenditure is largely due to the fact that the salary of the mathematical lecturer was less than in the previous year, and that it is partly debitable to the collegiate school, to which he has to devote a portion of his time.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. UTIVEBATT DODATION. There were 60 boarders in the Hindu and 61 in the Mahommedan hostel, against 70 and 67, respectively of the year before. The number in the gymnastic class increased from 43 to 45. The library is in good order. 66. Dacca College.-- On the appointment, in August 1882, pf Babu Mathura Nath Chatterjea, M.A., as Assistant Inspector of Schools, Bhagulpore Division, Babu Raj Mohan Sen, M.A., was appointed locturer on mathematics. In January 1883 Babu Raj Mohan Sen was transferred to Berhampore, his place being filled by Babu Sarada Ranjan Roy, M.A., from Berhampore. During the latter part of the year, an additional lecturer on mathematics was appointed, namely, Babu Raj Kumar Sen, B.A., Second Master of tho Chittagong College. The number of students on the 31st March was 285, against 290 of last year. The income from fees rose from Rs. 18,503 to Rs. 20,319, and the total expenditure from Rs. 39,673 to Rs. 41,574. The increased expendituro is due to increase in the staff, and also to grado increnionts of teachers. One hundred and eleven candidates went up in the First Arts examination, and 36 passed, one in the first division, 13 in tho second, and 22 in the third, against a total of 43 of last year. Of 33 candidates at the B. A. examination, 10 passod, five in the socond division and five in the third, against a total of seven of the preceding year. There were three candidates for Honours, of whom, 2 passed, one in the socond division and one in the third. The large percentage of failures is ascribed to (1) changes of teachers, and (2ndly) to the ravages of cholera in the town. The hostel, the library, and college building are in good condition. The Principal recommends the abolition of the gymnastic class attached to the college, as being unpopular with the students. 67. Krishnaghur College. On the transfor of Mr. J. A. Martin, B.A., to the Presidency College, Mr. J. Mann, M.A., from Ilooghly was appointed Principal. Mr. M. Prothero, B.A., was transferred to Patna, and Babu Lakhi Narayan Das, M.A., Assistant Professor of Mathematics, took sick leave for six months. This officer has died since the end of the official year. Tho vacancies were filled by the apointment of Babus Debendra Nath Mookerjea, M.A., and Deb Sankar Dey, M.A. The number of students on the 31st March was 41, against 56 of last year. The Principal ascribes the falling off to (1) the provalence of malarious fever in the district, (2ndly) changes in tho teaching staff and the withdrawal of a European Professor, and (3rdly) the small number of students passing tho Entrance examination from the collegiate school. The steadily decreasing numbers of the Krishnaghur College will be a subject of serious consideration to the department. Twenty-six candidates appeared at the First Arts examination, and 17 passed, two in the first division, four in tho second, and 11 in the third, against å total of nino of last year. Three of the successful candidates obtained senior scholarships, one being a first grade scholarship, Tho results were very eatisfactory. The failures ranged from seven in Sanskrit to one in psychology. Of five candidates at the B.A. examination, only one passed in the second division, against the same number of last year. The failures were from threo in English and two in mathematics to one in chemistry and physics. Two candidates went up for the M.A. examination, and one passed in history. The fee-receipts were Rs. 2,602, against Rs. 4,093 of the previous year, and the expenditure Rs. 29,424, against Rs. 38,841. Tho library and the college building are in good order. The hostel is improving. In last autumn the college was visited by His Honor the Lieutenant- Governor, who expressed general satisfaction with the working of the institution. 68. Patna Colleg.-On the transfer of Mr. S. Robson to Hooghly, Mr. E. A. Stack of Krishnaghur was appointed to succeed him. Mr. M. Prothero was also transferred from Krishnaghur. The number of students rose from 160 to 188. Of these, 162 were Hindus, 25 Mahommedans, and only one Christian; 130 were Biharis and 58 Bengalis. The proportion of Biharis to Bengalis is on the increase, a fact which shows that the colloge is appreciated by those for whom it is chiefly intended. ;

·22 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 6 ONIY&BSITY ÉDUCATION, The first and third year classes were examined by the officers of the college. The result was fairly satisfactory, Of 53 candidates at the First Arts examination, 18 passed, four in the first division, four in the second, and 10 in the third, against 25 of last year. Tho failures varied from 20 in English to nine in chemistry. Twenty-two candidates went ир for the B. A. examination, of whom 10 passed, three in the second division and seven in the third, against six of last year. There were two candidates for the M. A. examination in botany, and both passod. The income from fees was Rs. 11,444, against Rs. 11,018 of the preceding year, and the total cxpenditure Rs. 47,849, against Rs. 49,573. The library is in good order. The extensions to the collego building are in course of progress. The hostel, which had been for some time in a state of deficit, was closed during the year. The Head Moulavi of the college has opened on a small scale a Mahommedan hostel consisting of cight inmates. 69. Ravenshaw College, Cuttack.–Babu Atul Krishna Roy Chaudhuri, M.A., Lecturer on Botany, being selected by Government for an agricultural scholar. ship, proceeded to Englund to join the Royal College at Cirencester, and was succeeded by Babu Jages Chandra Roy, M.A. On the resignation of Babu Sures Chandra Chatterjea, M.A., Baboo Kali Pada Bose, M.A., was appointed as lecturer in mathematios. The number of students on the 31st March was 39, against 38 of the preceding ycar. Of these, 15 arc genuino Uriyas, 13 domiciled residents of the province, and the rest Bengalis. In addition to the obstacles detailed in last year's report as retarding the progress of the collego, the Principal mentions the absence, in Orissa, of an educated middle class who, of all others, aro the foremost to approciate and encourage English education. The first and third year classes were examinod by the officors of the college, and the results were fair. Twelve candidates went up for the First Arts examination, and seven passed, four in the second division and thrco in the third, against five of last year. All tho soven students of the fourth-year class appeared at the B. A. examination, and fivo passed, one in the first division, two in the second, and two in tho third, aguinst only ouc of last year. The result was highly satisfactory considering the backwardness of the province in an educational point of view, and is creditable to the Principal and teaching staff. The income from fees amounted to Rs. 1,833, and the total expenditure to Rs. 15,199, against Rs. 1,639 and Rs. 17,123, respectively of tho previous year. 70. Rajshahye College.—During the year under review no changes of importunce occurred among the staff of the college. The number of students on the 31st March was 74, against 55 of last The Principal ascribes tho increase to incidental causes, and also to the opening of a privato hostel at the station. Twenty-two candidates presented themselves for tho First Arts examin. ation, and nine passed; three in the second divisiðn and six in the third, against ten of last year. The failures were 11 in mathematics, five in English, seven in Sanskrit, four in history, and two in logic and chemistry. Of seven candidates at the B. A. examination four passed; two in the second division, and two in the third, against three of tho previous year. The failures ranged from three in chemistry and physical geography to one in other subjects. The results of tho annual examination of the college were in general satisfactory The income from foes was Rs. 2,371, against Rs. 2,197 of last year, and the oxpenditure Rs. 19,327, against Rs. 16,662. The increase of expendituro is chiofly due to grade increments of teachers. The new college building is in course of orection. The gymnastic class appears to be popular with the students. voar.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION 28 WMVATT SDVOU MOM: last year, The Principal strongly recommends the establishment of a hostel in connexion with the college. He also recommends the appointment of an additional lecturer on scienco. Mr. P. B. Mukerjee, B.3.C., London, has accordingly been posted to the college since July 1883. 71. Berhampore College.--The number of students on the 31st March was 38; 22 in the first year class and 16 in the second, against the same number of The schooling fees of many of theso were paid by private liberality Twenty-one candidates went up in the Firat Arts examination, and ten passed, one in the first division, four in the second, and five in the third, against three of the provious year. This is a notable fact in the history of the Borhampore College, and it redounds greatly to the crodit of the Principal and his staff. The failures rangod from 10 in Euglish to two in chemistry. The first-year class was examined in November. Tho rosult was satisfactory. The incomo from foes was Rs. 2,000, against. Rs. 1,940 of last year, and the total expenditure Rs. 12,755, against Rs. 12,325. The college building has umdergone thorough repairs, and the attached hostel is in a prosporous condition. The Principal recommends tho reduction of the fees from Rs. 5 to Rs. 3 a month, in viow of the lower rate of focs charged in the neighbouring college at Rajshahye. This should form tho subject of a separato communication. 72. Midnapore College. --The number of studonts on the 31st March was 18, against 11 of last year, showing an increase of seven. Six candidates wont up for the First Arts examination, and four pissed; one in the first division, two in the second, and one in the third, against the samo number of the precoding year. Two senior scholarships of Rs. 20 each were awarded on the result of this examination. The library and the college building are in good order. The feo receipts wore Rs. 741, against Rs. 815 of last year, and the total expendituru Rs. 6,353, against Rs. 0,027. 73. Chittugong College. On tho transfer to Dacca of the Second Master, Baboo Raj Kumar Sen, B.A., the Third Master, Baboo Gour Mohan Basak, was appointed Second Master. Baboo Sutkari Haldar, B.A., was appointed Third Master on a fixed salary of Rs. 100 a month. The number of students on the 31st March was 15; eight in the first-year class, and seven in the socond, against a total of 17 of the previous year. The obstacles detailod in previous reports, as retarding the progress of the college, still exist in full force. Nine candidatos presented themselves at the First Arts examination, and throo passed; all in the third division, against the samo number of last year. Of the romaining six, four failed in English, three in Sanskrit, four in mathomatics, and two in history, The fuo receipts were Rs. 660, against Rs. 528 of the preceding year. 74. College Department of the Bethune School. The number of students on the 31st March was 4, ono in tho first-year class, and threo in the second. There were no third and fourth-year classes at the end of tho year, the single student in the third-year clans havinz joined the Madras Medical Collogo, and the two students, who formed the fourth-year class, having left after passing the B. A. examination. The single candidate at the F. A. examination was unsuccessful. Both the candidates at the B A. examination, Chunder Mukhi Bose and Kadambini Boso (now Mrs. Gangooly), passed in tho third division notable fact in the history of female education in Bengal. It is hoped that their example will be followed by other young ladies in pursuing a collegiate courso of instruction. The fees charged are Rs. 3 for each day-scholar and Rs. 10 for each boarder. 21 AIDED COLLEGES. 75. General Assembly's Institution. The number of students full from 484 in March 1882 to 402 on the last day of the yoar under report. The Principal ascribes tho falling off to accidental causes.

·24 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR DAIVERSITI IDUOATION, Two hundred and four candidates went up for the First Arts examination, and 54 passed; three in the first division, 12 in the second, and 39 in the third, against a total of 44 of last year. Of 107 candidates at the B. A. examination, 37 passed; one in the first division, five in the second, and 31 in the third, against 21 of the previous year. Of 12 candidates at the Honour and M. A. oxaminations, four took Honours in English, one in mathomatics and one passed tho M. A. examination in philosophy, against a total of two of last year. 76. Free Church Institution. During the year under report the staff of the college was considerably strengthened by officers brought from Europe. The number of students on the 31st March was 288, against 221 of the previous year, and 145 of the year before--a fact that conclusively shows that the college is steadily rising in the estimation of the public. One hundred and four candidates appeared at the First Arts examination and 32 passed, 11 in the second division and 21 in the third, against a total of 19 of last year and seven of the year before. Of 26 candidates at the B. X. examination, 17 took the A course and nine the B course. In the A course 10 passed; one in tho second division and nine in the third. In the B course five passed; one in the second division and four in the third, against a total of three of last year. No candidates went up for the Honour or the M. A. examination. The total exponditure during tho year was Rs. 27,540. 77. St. Xavier's College. The number of students rose from 72 in March 1882 to 142 on the last day of the year under review; nearly doubling the numbers. They were thus distributed. First-yeur class ... 63 52 16 10 1 Second Third Fourth Houvur ... . ... Totul 142 ... Thirteen candidates went up for the First Arts examination, and six passed ; one in the first division, two in the second, and three in the third, against four of last year. Of six candidates at the B. A. examination, two selected the A course and four the B course. In the A course. both the candidates passed in the third division. In the B course, two candidatos passed in the third division. The income from fees was Rs. 6,338. 78. London Mission College, Dhowanipore.-In December last an increased grant of Rs. 250 a month was sanctioned by Govornment to provide for the teaching of the full course for the B. A. degree. A promise was also held out to increase the grant to Rs. 300 if the number of pupils, and their success at the examinations, should be considered to justify tho increase. The number of students on the 31st March was 61, against 63 of last year. Twenty-two candidates went up for the First Arts examination, and seven passed ; one in the first division, one in the second, and five in tho third, against a total of nine of last year. 79. Doveton College.- 11 January 1883, a grant of Rs. 200 was made to the college departinent by the Government of Bengal, but the college did not draw any grant during tho year under review. Its roll number was 55 against 55 of the preceding year, and its frce-receipts amounted to Rs. 3,993. The college sent up twenty candidates to the First Arts examination, of whom seven passed-four in the second and three in the third division. UNAIDED COLLEGES. 80. Detropolitan Institution, Calcutta.--This is a first grade college, and provides for tho education of students up to the M. A. degree. The number of students on tho 31st March was 406, ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 25 UNIVERSITI BDUOATION. course. Of 131 candidates at the First Arts examination, 27 passed-4 in the first division, 10 in the second, and 13 in the third. Fifty three candidatos went up for the B. A. examination, and 21 passed, 2 in the first division, 5 in the second, and 17 in the third of the passed candidates, ono stood second in order of merit, and obtained the graduate scholarship of Rs. 40 a month on the foundation of Baboo Durga Churn Laha, and also a graduate scholarship of Rs. 50 founded by Pundit Iswar Chandra Vidinsagur in connection with the Metropolitan Institution; and another student stood fifth in order of merit, and obtained a scholarship of Rs. 30 also founded by Pundit Iswar Chandra Vidiasagur. 81. City College. This is a second grade college, teaching up to the F. A The number of students on the 31st March last was 108 against 103 of the proceding year-12 in the first year class and 50 in the second. The rate of fee in both tho classes is Rs. 3 a month. For the first timo, this college sent candidates to the F. A. examination. Of 51 sent, 23, or 45 per cent, passed-a highly creditable rosult. 82. Maharajah's College, Burdian. The constitution of this colloge was detailed in last year's report and need not be ropeated here. The number of students on the 31st March was 85; 46 in the first-year class and 39 in the second, against a total of 52 of last year. These figuros indicato the popularity of the college. Eight candidates went up for the First Arts examination, and three passed; one in the second division ond two in the third. This is a croditablo rosult, considering the short time during which the college has been in existence. SECONDARY EDUCATION, IV.SECONDARY EDUCATION, 83. The following statement compares the statistics of socondary schools for boys for the past two years. Schools for Europeans and Eurasians being no longer returned under a separate heal, vost of them are included in the following statement, as they have been treated as secondary schools in the divisional reports, in accordance with previous practice. They are separately considered in a subsequent section of this report, and as they are now placed under a special Inspector, they will from next year be more conveniently separated from schools for natives : SECONDARY SCHOOLS. 1991-92. 1882-83. Schools. lupuis. Schools, Pupils. High English- Government Aided Unuided 101 02 14,795 11,187 16,615 01 115 66 15,020 15,956 18,783 Total 217 46,5997 232 40,759 10 Middle English Government Aided Unaided 1,390 30,038 7,629 500 479 138 1,346 32,223 8,069 . 116 Total 627 39,057 65-1 41,038 Middle Vcrnacular- Governmcut Aided Unaided 183 791 76 10,467 41,623 4,351 187 808 84 10,872 13,482 4,859 ... ... Toial 1,050 50,441 1,079 69.213 . GRAND TOTAL ... 1,894 141,095 1,965 150,610 84. There is thus a gain of schools and pupils under nearly every head, but one Government middlo English school has been converted into an aided uiddle English school, and three Government middle vernacular schools ·26 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR SECONDARY KDUCATION, have been re-opened in new localities. The explanation of the gains and losses will be given further on. 85. The following table sums up for reference the detailed statistics of attendance and expendituro in all Government and aided secondary schools for boys:- Attendance and Expenditure in Schools of Secondary Instruction during 1882-88. WALISI EXPENDITURE. CLA88 OF BCHOOLS. Number of schools. Vuinner of pupils on the rolls en the 31st Yarcb 1883. rolls Average number the monthly. Average daily at. tendance. Govern. mont. Local BOUICON. Total. αυ Rs. Rs. Rs. Hogh English Cuvernment Aided 13,020 15,956 11,097 14,8-10 11,407 11.708 113 1,74,079 89,056 3,11,409 4,41,873 4,86,182 5,87,828 Total 100 30,1176 28,807 23,100 2,80,034 7,89,396 10,19,0650 Middle Tinglish- Guvernment Aided 0 660) 1.8.16 82,223 1,208 20,201 986 22,460 28,023 1,01,000 17,800 8,02,531 ... . 40,000 4,09,096 6,64,828 Total BAY 38,669 30,618 23,472 1,49,288 9,20,837 Midla Vernaculur Government Aided .. 187 808 10,872 13,482 9,897 38,931 7,712 $11,809 68,272 1,03,484 32,979 1,03,310 87,644 2,08,704 I. .. .. Totul 990 64,366 49,129 38,621 1.00,77.40 2,20,682 ... 9,86,498 19,10,048 GHLAND TOTAL 1,070 118,693 109,214 85,158 .. 0,10,078 12,90,845 In the previous year, the cost for 1,618 schools and 112,500 pupils was Rs. 5,57,513 to Guvernnient, and Rs. 11,42,185 from privato sources. There has, therefore, been an increase of Rs 52,865 in the Government expenditure, and Rs. 1,57,160 in the expenditure from local sources. The largely increased incono from local sources is satisfactory. 86. Hun ENULISH SCHOOLS.—The figures relating to this class of schools are repeated- TH81-82 1982-83. Schools. Pupils, Schools. l'upils. 51 Government schools Aidod Unaided 14,795 11,187 16 015 101 02 51 1 16 60 15,020) 15,956 18,783 12 Total 217 47,597 232 49,759 87. Of the 232 high schools for boys, 11 are for Europeans and Eurasians, namely, St. James' school, tlo Free school, St. Xavier's school, St. Xavier's brauch school, St. Chrysoston's school, and the Doveton school, in Calcutta; St. Paul's school and St. Joseph's school in Darjeeling, and the Cuttack Protestant school, all of which are aided; and Lu Martiniere and another private school in Calcutta, which receive no aid. 88. The number of Goverument ligh schools was 51, as in tho previous your, no local bodies having as yet come forward to undertake the management of any zillah school. The question of transferring the Beerbhoom zillah school to å local committee of pativo gentlemen formed the subject of correspondence, but no ultimate decision was arrived at. 89. The increaso of 11 aided schools is accounted for as follows: In the Presidency Division, the Meherpur luigh school was reduced to the middle class, and the Khayra Mission school and tho Nimta school received aid us high schools, thio result being a net increase of one school. In the Burdwan Division, the Bagnapara school was reduced to the middle class, and Bhadresar, Jara, and Ghatal schools received aid as liigh schools, the result being a net gain of two schools. Tho Shahzadpur middle school in the Rajshahye Division was raised to the bigb class. In the Dacca Division, the Jamalpur middle school was converted into a high school, and in the Bhagulpore Division tho Ilumka iniddlo school underwent the same process. In Orissa, aided high schools have advanced from two to five, in consequence of the conversion of the Bhudrak and Kendurapura middle schools into high schools, and the ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 27 8LOOMPART EDUCATION grant of aid to the Cuttack academy. The inclusion of the Dovoton school and St. Xavier's branch school in Calcutta in the list of aided high schools shows an increase of two schools in Calcutta. 90. The incrcase of four unaided high schools is due to the ostablishment of a school at Nasirabad by Mr. A. M. Bose, M.A., Barrister-at-Law, tho opening of a high school at Bhagulpore by Babu Tej Narayan, and of another school at the same station by the Church Mission Society, and the inclusion of the Maharajah's school at Tipperah in the departmentul returns. 91. University Entrance Examination.-The results of the Entrance Examination for the threo classes of high English schools aro here compared :- Entrance Erammation, December 1882. be NUMBER MAHARD TX TUR- Porcentaga OLA88 OB SOTOOLS, Number of competing School. Number of candidates. su(CENA First division Srond division. Tlurd division, Total. 7119 Government schools Private schools (audod) Ditto (unaided) Private students und louchers 11 100) 00 73 24 80 197 41 .121 419 200) 320 13 15 160 11 6216 3745 GO 326 TAN 40 Total 211 2,101 190 401 415 932 44'03 92. In the preceding year, 1,026 candidates passed out of 2,105, or 48.8 per cent. The results, therefore, again show some falling off. They canuot, however, be considered unsatisfactory, while the percentage of successful candidates continues more than 44 per cent. The Governincnt schools, as usual, show the best results, whilo among the private schools, the big unaided schools of Calcutta and some of the other populous towns maintain their superiority ovor uided schools situated in less favoured localities. This position is highly creditable to tho town schools, although it is not always maintained 93. The following table compares the success of Government aided and unaided schools in fuller detail:- NIMBIR OY AC'HO018 WIIICIENT CANDI. DATIN. NIMIKKI OF SCHOOLS YILICII VANE) CANDID) 4'11'. CANDIDATKA M'ASSED IN TI DIVISION Total number of scitools. Government. Sunber gained srbolarships. Yomber of candidates. Uzaidiel. Gorerne-nt. Aided. First division, Tatal. Aidel. Una died Toiai, 'Total. V Second division. 35 3! 7 7 70 404 397 87 80 8 13 J9 7 1 24 7 02 343 16 303 14 10 70 10N) 15 65 7 6 147 176 207 43 117 SO+-+* Burdwan Presidengar Calcutta Rajshahyo J'ACCA Chittagong Patna Bhualpur Cbota Nagpur Orissa 10 13 2 20 20 28 17 20 8 14 12 7 10 6 1 s 1 14 7 10 11 7 8 1:3 70) 30) 61 18 3.) 19 1 5 73 29 8 6 6 .. 3 5 3 2 7 17 Total 234 51 100 211 48 79 49 170 2,197 188 404 939 158 • Inclusive of tho Retwa Girls' school, Ditto DiLex. Midrussal. } 94. Of the 51 Government high schools, the Nizamut college at Moorshedabad and the Hazaribagh zillah school sent no candidates. The former is more a special school toaching the relatives of the Nawab of Moorsledabad than a regularly organized high school. It will probably be convenient to class it hereafter as a Madrassa. As the Bethuno Girls' school and the Dacca Madrassa, however, sent candidates to the examination, the number of competing Government schools is shown as 51, and of these, all but tlio three following were successful : Julpigori, Deoglur in the Sonthal Pergunnahs, and Chyebassa in Chota Naypore. All these schools are situated in very backward districts, where English education has as yet made little This being, however, the second year of total failure of the Julpigori school, D 2 ·28 REPORT OF TIE DIRECTOR SROONDARY EDUCATION, the Circle Inspector agroos with the District Committee in laying the blame upon the teachers and the lax discipline which has been allowed to prevail. The Inspector states that the three Entrance candidates attended school 118, 107, and 64 days only, respectively, out of 240 working days. Arrangements for strengthening the teaching staff have partly been sanctioned with a view to remove this stato of things. The number of teachers has lately been increased at the Deoghur school, as the staff was found to bo inadequate for a school teaching up to the Entrance standard. The classes of the Hazaribagh school were re-organized in 1881-82, which left no second class; but the classification has now been completed, and it is expected that the school will now work more successfully, The amalgamation of the Chyebassa school with tho local vernacular school, and the re-organization of its classes on a vernacular basis, took place in July 1882, when i competent second master was appointed. Beforo that date the staff consisted of the head-master, a second master on Rs. 30, and a pundit, assisted by the School Committee's clerk. 95. The progress of aided schools as tested by the Entrance Examination has been steady cnough. In 1878, out of 84 schools, 73 competed, and 49 were successful; in 1879, out of 8ī schools, 80 competed, and 60 were successful; in 1880, out of 88 schools, 83 competed, and 74 were successful; in 1881, out of 98 schools, 88 competed, and 61 were successful; while in 1882, out of 115 schools, 100 competed, and 73 were successful. 96. The number of unaided schools is not exactly known, since some in Calcutta and some in the mofussil furnish 10 returns to this Department. But of 60 schools that sent candidates to the examination, it appoars from the University returns that 49 wero successful. 97. GOVERNMENT SCHOOLS.-—These are either schools attached to collegos and under the control of the Principals, or zillalı schools of the first, second or third class. The class of a school is fixed by the number of its pupils; whether over 300, between 300 and 175, or under 175--conditions which also generally determine the scale of establishment. The following tables show the results of the Entrance Examination for schools of cach class. In accordance with tho practice of previous years, the merit mark in the last column is found by crediting the school with one, two, or three marks for each boy passing in the third, second, or first division. As explained in previous reports, each class includes schools of widely different numerical streugth; and therefore, the merit mark, though supplying a convenient test of progress from year to year, gives only a rough idea of the comparative merits of different schools. : ; Collegiate Schools. ،۱۳ را'' NAMES OF SCHOOLA. Number of Number of pupils. Indidates hret d111810n. Second divis011. d111810n. Total passed. Merit marks. 13 0197 450 87 71 8 15 7 4 71 06 17 8 8 0 10) 39 27 201 21 B 8 23 33 38 84 590 331 390 12 2019 13 90 13 7 Haro Indo DILIC Collekintu Putna Honglily knjahutive Barlmmpura hirmuglur kilvensbn (Cnttack) Midnapore Sanskrit Benighly Brunen Calcutti. Mordrasah Chittagong colleguto Bethune Girls' () 2 9) 3 4 3 . 10 12 IS 289 1 2 18 17 17 17 14 13 13 8 9 11 10 7 8 7 6 1 2 3 1:1 16 13 4 3 107 110 ] 98. Tho Hure and Hindu schools take, as in previous years, the highest places on the list, the former not only beating the latter ir. point of merit marks, but also in regard to tho number of successful candidates. The Hindu school, however, has passed 15 boys in the first divisiou, against only eight in the Hare school, three of them standing at the top of the Entrance list for Bengal.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION, 29 &RCONDARY XDUCATION. The seventh place is also occupied by a student of the Hindu school, and altogether eight junior scholarships have boon gained by Hindu school pupils, against one gained by a pupil of the Hare scbool. The roll number of the Hare schoul has declined from 641 to 607, but that of the Hindu school has risen from 411 to 450. Both tho schools levy higher rates of foes than those prevailing in other schools for native boys. The large numbers attending them are sure indications of the estimation in which they are held by the native community. The account furnished by the Principal of the Presidency collego slows that tho income of the Hare school from fees only was Rs. 28,287, and its expenditure, including taxes and bonus granted to teachers, was Rs. 27,161. The incomo of tho Hindu school was Rs. 20,577, and its exponditure lis. 20,610, leaving a small deficit of Rs. 33, against Rs. 3,104 of the preceding year. Tho Dacca collegiate school maintains its position as third in order of merit, il position which it gained in 1880. The number of its pupils declined from 624 to 514, and its feo receipts amounted to Rs. 11,199, against Rs. 0,450 of the year beforo. The class-rooms are overcrowded, but the recent orlers prohibiting enlargement of house accommodation render the construction of now rooms unnecessary. The l'rincipal proposes the appointment of two extra teachers to take up two of the divisions of the 5th and 6th classes. The Rajchandra Hostel continues to be popular, the number of its inmates huving increased from 86 to 90, His Honor, the Lioutenant-Governor visited the Iſostel, and expressed himself satisfied with tho working of the institution. The Hooghly collegiate school occupies the fifth place on the list, having passel 16 out of its 35 candidates, against 31 out of 40 in the previous year. The fee income was Rs. 12,1 +0, against Rs. 13,171, and the number of its pupils declined from 103 to 331. According to the Principal of the Hooghly college, this marked falling off was due to the enforcement of discipline by the new head master Babu Sib Chandra Som. The Hindu Ilostel had 63 boarders, against 70 of the preceding yeur. Th Patna collegiate school, which last year occupied the fifth place, has now risen to the fourth, and its roll number las risen from 502 t. 581. Its ſeo income was Rs. 12,691, against 11,591. The Hostel has been closed as a (iovernment iustitution, but the head maulavi las opened one for Malonodans as a privato speculation. The school has a branch in city Patni, which has 2:32 pupils, of whom 113 are Hindus, 116 Malomcdans and three Christians. 99. The Rajshahye collegiate school maintains the sixth pluce in order of merit, and its roll nunher has mcreased from 310 to 399. Its fee-roceipts wero Rs. 5,902 against Rs. 5,591 of the previous year.. Tlic Berhampore collegiato school has risen from the fourteenth to the seventh place on the list, and tho number of its pupils has risen from 157 to 161. The atiendance at tho Kishnaghur collegiato school shows a further falling off from 2:35 to 209, and its fee-income was Rs. 4,715 against Rs. 5,715 of the preceding your. The Nuddea fever has done considerable injury to the cause of cducation in the district, and tho collegiate school has suffered much in couscquence. The circumstance that ninc of its pupils were successful, although not quite creditable to the teaching staff, must therefore be looked upon as not unsatisfactory. Tho Cuttack collegiate school lias clono creditably, having passed 11 out of its 12 candidates. T'he same remark upplies to the Midnaporu collegiate school. The Sanskrit Collegiate school passed soven out of its 15 candidatos, a result more satistictory than that of tho previous year, when out of 31 candidates only nine were successful. The Hooglily branch school has evidently lost thu position it occupied some years ago, and only eight out of its 19 candidates woro successful, none of them being in the first division. The Calcutta Madrassa passou soven pupils out of 14, against 10 out of 15 of the preceding year. The Chittagong collegiate school with its increased attendance passed five out of its 15 candidates agamst nine out of 12 of the year before. The Bethunc girls' school passed one out of its two candidates. 100. Zillah schools, first class.--The number of these schools, which are defined by having 300 pupils und upwards, was 17 aguinst 13 of the proceding year. The schools which have recently gained adınission to the class aro tho following, -namely, Pubna, Comniliah, Baraset and Jessore. These schools are only just within the class, and have yot to establish permanently their claim to remain in it. Sanction has just been accorded to the construction of a ucw .

·30 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR CONDARY hlock of rooms for the Baraset school, as the old building can afford accommodation to not more than 150 pupils. EDUCATION. Zillah Schools, First Class. AMVN NAMES OP SCHOOLA. Nilabor of Numilxor of pupils. candidatos. First division. Recond division. Third division. Tota? passed. Merit mark 498 $38 5.55 27 18 20 19 A 6 3 () 11 9 6 b 3 3 8 11 1 20 91 19 17 Utterparah Beerbhoom Birrindul Chupia Bhagulgore Howrah Mymning Pubwa Commillal Arr:zh Barnet Oyu Noakholly Mozuſterporo Monglyr Just Rungproro 800 9: 4401 30) 807 41% SU 401 20 18 17 16 9 10 7 8 8 8 6 8 29 19 20 17 9 1 3 8 1 14 14 16 12 12 0 0 10 0 2 3 7 360) 941 306 13 6 332 1 0 2 101. The Uttarpara school has once more inade good its claim as the best school of its class, and tho Mymensingh school, which occupied the first place last year, has come down to the seventh place on the list. The Beerbhoom school maintains its position as the second on the list, and the Burrisaul school has risen from the fifth to the third place, and the Chupra school from the eighth to the fourth place. The Bhagulpore school has come down from the fourth to the fifth place, passing nine out of its 19 candidates, against 10 out of 13 of the year before. The Ilowrah school maintains the sixth place, and its merit mark is 17 against 19 of the preceding year, but the number of its pupils has fallen from 379 to 3:35. The Mymensing school has, as statıd before, come down from the first to the seventh place, and is bracketed equal with the Pubna and Commillah schools. The tenth place is taken by Arrah, which had 445 pupils against 426 of the year before. Tho Baraset school has gained admission to the first class, but it merit marks have declined from 23 to 12. The attendance at the Gya school fell off from 523 to 161, but its merit mark was the same as in the previous year. The Noakholly school lias come down from the seventh to tho thirteenth place, but its roll number has risen from 329 to 343. Tho Mozufforpore and Monghyr schools hold nearly the samo position as in the preceding year. The Jessore school has for the first time in its history guined admission to the first class, but its merit mark has declined from 18 to 6. The Rungporo school had an attendence of 332 pupils, against 301, but its merit mark was reduced from 9 to 2 102. Zillah schools, second class.--The number of schools in this class is 8 against 9 of the year before ; four schools, namely, those at Pubna, Comillah, Barasct and Jessore having risen from the second to the first class, and the Moorshedabad, Balasore, and Taki schools, having risen from the third to the second class. Zillah Schools, Sccond Class. NAMLA UP SCOO1.8. Number of Number of pupuls. candidates. First division. Recond division. Third division. Totul Pansed. Marit marko. *52 6 6 18 10 Furried paro Funkorrust Murnledalad Bulnero knocus Toki Bogri Diuagpore 10 9 6 8 1 1 0 0 0 1903 179 09 1871 20N 1 13 21 11 10 B 6 4 8 3 3 2 7 8 Oanh 0 103. The Furreedpore school heads the list of second grade schools with 244 pupils, against 275 of the preceding year, and its merit mark was 18 against 19. The Bankoorah school holds the second place as in the previous yeer. The Moorsledadad high school has not only gained an accession of pupils, but its nerit mark has risen from 8 to 16. The control of the school being now vested in the Education Department, the Inspectax nroposes that it should cease to be a free school; but that the Nawab of Mou Þdabad ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 31 ARCONDAME EDVOAMON. should have the right of dominating a fixed number of freo students. The gratuitious instruction afforded in this school has the effect of weakening middle and high schools existing in the neighbourhood, by tempting away their pupils; and should gradually cease. The roll numbers at the Balasoro school having increased from 168 to 179, it has gained admission to the second class, and its merit mark is 9 as in the previous year. The Ranchi school has gained in numerical strength from 197 to 209, but its merit mark is the same as that of the year before. The Taki school has passed 4 pupils, and considering the short time it has been under Government management, the result may be connidered as fair, Tho Bogra and Dinagopore schools have changed places, but both have now more than 200 pupils. 104. Zillah Schools, third class. The following table shows the order of this class of schools. The Hazaribagh zillah school and the Nizamut school, Moorsbedabad, sent no pupils to the examination :-- Zillah Schools, Third Class. NAMES OF Scoonls. Namber Number of of pupils, candidates. First clivision. Second division. Third division. Tot :) Pand, Merit marks. 0 1.0 141 197 4 2 2 1 151 1'511 117 3 2 Pooreo Maldah Purulia Barrackpore Motihari Purnamah Palmow Chyabrsua Denxhur Julpigooro Hnzeribach Mootiliedabad Nizamut school 8.5 1.5 .. 1 7 1.. . 104) 12 48 ..... 105. The Pooree school occupies the first płaco in the list, and it has also gained in numerical strength Tho Maldah school did not do so well at the examination as in previous years, but its roll number has increased from 103 to 137. The Purulia school, which passed no candidates in the previous year, has passed two, while the Barrackporo school has again done badly at the examination, only 1 candidate having passed out of 8 sent up. The bad results are ascribed by the head master to the establislıment of the Sridhar Bunshidlur school at Nawabgunge; but this fact is hardly sufficient to account for the failure of 7 out of 8 candidates. The Viceroy honoured tho Barrackpore school as well as tho Nawabgungo school with his presence on tho occasion of the distribution of prizes, and His Excellency is reported to have observed in his address at Nuwubgungo as follows: “I know that it may be said that the establishment of this school here at Nawabgungo may interfore with the attendance of the children at the Barrackpore school. Probably to some extent it has; but I am a friend to conspetiton in education. I believe that it is a great advantage that a school established and supported by the Government should have in its immediate neiglıbourhood another school, established and founded by private liberality, to enter into competition with it and keep it up to the mark." There can be no doubt that although two rival schools in a small place weaken each other, the competition of two or more schools teaching the same standard in a populous town is almost wholly beneficial. The Motihari school, after its failure of last year, has passed ono pupil, and the Purneuh school, which suffered from the effects of fover, has also passed one candidate. The Palamow school, which is one of the now and small schools, has passed one candidate in the second division. The causes of failure of the Chyebassa, Dooghur and Julpaiguri schools, and the absence of candidates from the Hazaribagli and Moorsledbad schools, have already been explained. 106. The instruction in the lower classes of the zillah schools at Jessore, Barasot, Taki and Chyebassa in the Presidency Division has been placed on a vernacular basis, and the two first-named schools are reported to have considerably benefited by this arrangement. But this reform cannot be carried out at the outset without considerable tact; and tho amalgamation of an English with a vernacular school, which generally precedes the change, is a process which is liable to be subvorsive of discipline and organisation, if the two schools are merely brought together, like oil and water, without actual fusion of the ·32 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR & ECONDARY EDUCATION. component elements. The Asistant Inspector of the Presidency Division noticed a case in which the amalgamation has had the effect of creating classes or sections to the number of twenty-two, in a school of less than 200 pupils taught by ten masters. When carefully carried out, as at Taki, it reduces considerably the troublo of making junior classes understand what they read, and retain it in their memory. 107. AIDED SCIVOLS ---The increase of 11 schools of this class from 104 to 115 has boon already explained. Thirteen schools have been aided as high schools and two llave been reduced to the middle class. 108. The Presidency Division had 33 schools, against 32. Of these, only 25 wore successful. The Islumpur school in Moorshedabad, and the Nimta school in the 24-Pergunnahs, which have been newly raised to the status of high schools, Hent no candidates. The six following schools competed, but were unsuccessful: Harinavi, Sodpur and Hatuganj in the 24-Pergunnahs; Mohespur and Choadanga in Nuddea, and Lukhipasa in Jessore. The managers of the Harinavi school attribute the failure of the institution to the careless teaching of the late head-muster, whom they havo replaced by a good M.A. Tho Sodpur school also has been reorganised with a view to provide botter teaching. The Hatuganj school is in a backward part of the Diamond Harbour sub-division, and its continued success cannot be ensured. Both Mohespur and Choadanga suffered from the effects of the Nuddca fever; and the Lukhipasa school is just struggling out of the difficulties following the suspension of its grant for a long time. The results of the examination of the Narail and Navadwipa schools woro decidedly creditable to the teaching staff. 109. The number of aided high schools in the Burdwan Division was 39, against 37 of the preceding year. The increase in the number of schools is owing to the Bladresar and Jara schools having received new grants, and to the conversion of the Ghatal middle school into a high English school. The Bagnapara high school was, however, reduced to the middle class. Of the 39 schools, three which were new, and 10 others, either sent up no candidates to tho Entrance examination, or could not pass those sont up. The unsuccessful schools were the following: Anita and Ilosba Mondlyc, which had frequently changed their masters; Bagati, Peasara and Chanderuagore, which had suffered from want of adequate local management, and Gurblabanipur, Dusyhura, Maukur and Okersha, which suffered from the effects of tho malarious fever. The Ajodhya school was without a head master for somo months, and tho Patrasiro and Jara schools were newly placed in the class. The Bundogra school suffered from irregular attendance of its masters. The Inspoctor reports that lie has taken steps for tho better management of these schools. 110. In the Rajsliahye Division, there were eight schools, against seven of the preceding year. The increase of one school is due to the conversion of the Shalızadporo middle schwol into a high school. The Inspecter says that except the Serajgunj school, the aided high schools in the plains cut but a poor figure at tho Entrance examination. Putiya and Dighaputia passed one boy oach, and l'orjana passed two boys. Chatmohar sent up four candidates, who all failed. Shahzadpur, boing a new school, sent up no candidates. The schools at Serająuj, Chatmohar and Shahzadpur aro all on a vernacular basis, but the Inspector reports that the head masters at Serajgunj und Chatmohar aro comewhat opposed to the system, so that a great measure of success is not to be looked for for some time. In tho Dacca Division, the number of theso schools wus ten against nine of the previous year. Only thrco of them are of fairly long standling as high schools, tlic remaining seven have been raised within the last three years from the middle to the high class. lloy did very badly at the Entrance examination ; five competed, but four only wero successful, passing one candidate each in the third division. Of the three aided high schools in the Chittagong Division, the one at Bramanbaria passed two candidates in the third division. All the seven candidates sent up from the Patia school, not one was successful. The Feringhibazar school sent up no candidates. The failure of the Putia school is attributed to dissensious among the members of the School Committee. 111. In the Patna Division, the schools were five as in the yoar before, The Diuaporo school passed two candidates, and Bebar, Jhaugunj and Sasseram, ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 88 SROOXDART XDOCATION one candidate each. The Tikari school was unsuccessful. In the Bhagulpore Division, there were three schools against two, the Dumka school having been converted into a bigh school. The Jamalporo school passed all the five candidates sent up; two of them with junior scholarships. The Pakour school passed four out of its six candidates ;, and three of them gained scholarships. The Dumka school sent one candidate, who was unsuccessful. In thio Chota Nagpore Division, there were two schools as iu tho year before; both sont up candidates, who totally failed. Thie failuro is attributed to constant change of teachers. Orissa had five schools against two of the year before; the newly aided schools being the Cuttuck academy, and Bhadruk and Kendarapara schools. The two last sent up no candidates, and the Cuttack European school was unsuccessful. The 'Laklıunnath school passed ono candidato, and the Cuttack acadevy three candidates. 112. 'UNAINED SCHOOLS.-There is an increase of four scliools, from 62 to 66. The schools addod to the list are the following: Nusirabad school in Mymensingh, Tej Narayan school at Bliagulporc, Church Mission school at Bhagulpore , and the Maharajah's school at Tipperalı. The exact number of schools teaching up to the Entranco standard is not known to the Department, as some of them do not furnishe returns. The 60 schools that furnished returns are thus distributed : Calcutta, 23; Presidency Division, 14; Burdwan Division, 11; Rajshahye Division, one; Dacca Division, cight; Chittagong Division, one; Patna Division, five; and Bhagulpore Division, thirco. Somo of the unaided schools charge no fees. 113. The sccond languages taken up by the candidates at the Entrance examination are shown in the following statement :- Entrance Examination, December 1882. 1881, 1882. 1 .. .. .. ... 63) 1,468 1,133 12 92 427 .. Greek Latin Sanskrit Arabic Persian Bengali Urdu Hindi Uriya Armonian Burneso ... I. 100) 315 49 37 13 9 1 38 15 ... ... ... ... Total 2,105 2,137 114. The number of candidates taking up Bengali, which wont on steadily diminishing, so as to justify thò hopo that a classical language could be made compulsory at the Entrance examination, has this time increased. The Calcutta University holds its examinations not only for Bengal but also for the North-Western Provinces,' Oudh, Ceylon and the Punjab, and tho Syndicate finds it no easy. matter to arrange for the examination of a small number of candidates in a number of vernacular languages. Urdu, Hindi, Urya, Armenian and Burmese are languages which were taken up by only 90 candidates in all, but five sets of examination papers had to be provided for their use. 115. The subjoined table classifies the candidates according to their religion :- Entrance Eramination, December 1882. ---- NUMBEL P.189ED IN TIE- RELIGION. Nunibor of candidatos. First division. Shond! division. Third division, Total. 122 360) 861 7 Hindus Mshommedans Uhristiaus Others 1,919 10% 85 24 378 13 10 4 . 23 0 12 ... Total 2,176 197 402 417 950 ... Mahomedan candidates have again increased from 100 to 108), and of successful candidates from 35 to 49. E ·34 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR SECONDARY 116. The following table gives the distribution of junior scholarships awarded on the results of the Entrance examination : BDOCATION. Distribution List of Junior Scholarships, 1883. NUMBER OF SCHOLARSHIPHOLDIES WHO PANORD TITE ENTRANCE EXAMINATION IN THE DIVISION. First grade scholarships, Rs. 20 & month. Second grade scholarships, Rs. 15 a montb, Third grade scholarships, Rs. 10 a month, First dirision, Second division. Third division, Total. 6 *** 0 8 ..... Burdwan Calcutta Presidency kughuhe DIHH Chittagong 12 11 18 10 20 23 200 17 20 ..... 6 6 7 0 7 1 6 S 16 20 18 6 18 8 2 ... 6 4 11 1V inimo ***** • L'atnu 18 .. ... 7 12 0 6 5 ... . .. ... Rhagulpiro Origa Chota Nagporr... .. 12 10) 7 2 5 ... 9 ... . Total 11 43 90 165 88 40 18 ---- 117. It may hero be noted that while in 1882, 94 scholarships were awarded to candidates passing in the first division, in 1883 the number of scholarships awarded to candidates passing in the first division was 88. Eighteen scholar. ships wero awarded to candidates passing in the third division, against 8 in the previous year. Theso facts indicate the failuro of schools, especially in backward districts, to come up to the standard as fully as in tho previous year. The comparativo failure of schools is no sign that the standard of education is deteriorating, or that the standard of examination varies considerably froin year to year; but that a margin of ill-prepared candidates run the risk of failure when their papers aro valued by examiners, with whose mode of marking they or their teachers are not familiar. 118. MIDDLE ENGLISH Scuools.-The figures for this class of schools are repeated- TA81-82. 1882-63. ch Schools, l'upils. 10 ... Government schools ... Aided l'rivate Schools, Pupils. 1,346 500 32,223 145 8,069 1,390 30,038 7,629 .. ... 479 138 ... ... ... ... Total 627 39,057 654 41,638 1 119. The number of Government schools has been reduced from ten to nine, the Nasriganj school in Shahabad, supported from the Estates Improvement Fund, having ceased to be returned under this head on its conversion into an aided middle English school. The nine schools are, tho Rangamati and Bandarbun boarding schools for Aluglis and Chukmas in the Chittagong Hill Tracts; the Bhooteah boarding school, and the zillah school at Darjeeling; the boarding school for Europeans at Kurseong; the Bogra model school; the Patna model school; tho Colinga branch school for Mahomedans, attached to the Calcutta madrassa, and the model sohool attached to the Calcutta Normal School. 120. Of the 500 aided schools, ciglt arc schools for Europeans and Eurasians, namely the Calcutta Boys' school, the Catholic Male Orphanage, and St. Joseph's School in Calcutta, tho Jamalpur school, the Assensole school, St. Thoinas' school at Lowrab, the Eurasian school at Dacca and the Kurji Male Orphanage. Their number last year was scven. Excluding these, which will be treated under a separate heading, it is found that the aided schools for native boys have incrcased from 472 to 192, showing a net gain of 20 schools, which is thus distributed: Presidency Division, three; Burdwan Division, 10; Rajshahye Division, four; Chittagong Division, two; Patna Division, five; and Orissa Division, one. Tho Dacca Division lost four schools ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 85 SBOONDABY KDUJATION and Calcutta one school. Detailed explanation of the increaso and decrease will be given further on. 121. Unaided schools have increased from 138 to 145, or by sevon. The increase is thus accounted for: The Presidency Division gainod síx; the Rajshahye Division, four; the Dacca Division, three; the Chittagong Division, three; the Patna Division, 11 ; the Bhagulpore Division, two; tho Chota Nagpore and Orissa Divisions, one each; while the Burdwan Division lost 22, and Calcutta, two. Unaided middle schools in most cases exist in the liopo of getting Government aid, so that both aided and unaidod schools belong to the same system, and should be considered together. The total of these two shows an increase of 28 schools and 2,625 pupils, a result which may be considered satisfactory 122. Most of the middle English schools havo now been placed on a vernacular basis, so that a vernacular school wishing to transform itself into middle English, has merely to add an English master to teach English as a language only, in addition to the full vernacular course. While strong vernacular schools have a tendency to bo converted into middle English, wcak middle English schools are constantly reducod to the middle vernacular class, without any great violence to its internal organisation. The difference between the two grados of middle schools is every year becoming less and loss marked ever since the publication of the new rules making them cqually eligible to compete for middle English and middle vernacular scholarships. "There is a tendency in middle vernacular schools," says the Assistant Inspector, Presidency Division, " to teach elementary English books to onable " their pupils on joining high schools to tako their admission into some class above the lowest ; and when the people come to perceivo the benelits of such a system, they readily undertako to raise more focs and subscriptions with a viow to the conversion of the school into a middle English institution." 123. In the Presidency Division, the aided middle English schools wero 89, against 86 of the preceding year. There has been a gain of four aided schools in Nuddea and one school in Jessore, while Khoolna has lost two schools, the result being a net gain of three schools. The Chuprah vernacular was converted into a middle English school; the Meherpur school was reduced from higher to middle English standard, and Billogram and Kanchrapara were revived as middle English schools. The increase of one school in Jessore is due to a grant being given to the Hajrupur middle English school. Tho *Masidpur school in Kloona was closed, and the Ajagara middle English roverted to the middlo vernacular class. The unaided schools numbered 35, against 29. There was an increase of five schools in tho 24.Pergummals, of two in Khoolna, and one in Moorshedabad, while Nuddea and Jessore has each lost ono school. • 124, In the Burdwan Division, these schools numberedd 128, of which 116 are aided and 12 unaided. Aided schools have increased by 1l and unaided schools have decreased by 23, showing an apparent loss of 12 middle English schools. The gain of 1l' aided schools is thus explained: Ono new school and 14 unaided schools got Government grants; one high school and two middle vernacular schools wero converted into middle Englislı schools ; and the Joraghat madrassa was returnód as a middle English school. On the other hand, one middle school was converted into a high school, five were temporarily closed, one (Haludbari in Midnapur) was returned as a middlo vernacular school, and one grant was cancelled. Somo of the unaided schools changed their class during the year. Ths. Inspector says that in the preceding year, middle vernacular schools increased by 15, and middle English schools decroased by 12. He thinks it is probably the effect of tho change made in 1882 in the scholarship rules, which enabled vernacular schools to competo on equal terms with English schools for middle English scholarships. School managers have only to attach an Euglish class to a vernacular school to cnable the pupils to compete for both kinds of, scholarslips. The formal conversion of vernacular into English schools is no longer nocossary. 125. In the Rajshahyo division, there were four Government middie English schools, viz., the Kurseong European school, the Bhutca boarding school, the Darjeeling zillal school, and the Bogra model school. Tho aided E2 ·36 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR SECONDARY ITCATION. is schools increasod from 46 to 50. Six schools received aid as middle English schools, one (Shahzadpur) was raised to the high class, and one school was reduced to the middle class. Unaided schools increased from seven to 11. 126. In the Dacca division, the aided sshools declined from 88 to 84, and unaided schools rose from 20 to 23, the result being a loss of ono school. The loss of four aided schools is the result of the withdrawal of aid from five inefficient schools, and the grant of aid to a new school. The gain of three unaided schools is due to the inclusion of six new schools into our returns, and the loss of three unaided schools, one of them being transferred to the class of aided schools, and the others having ceased to exist, or failed to furnish returns. The Joint Inspector deplores the unlimited option now given to boys of middle schools to commence to read or givo up reading English, wherever and from whatever class thoy choosc, as he attributes to it the defoctive knowledge of English on the part of the pupils of middle English schools. Dr. Martin, however, does not think that it would be an advantage to make English a compulsory subject in niddle English schools; and ho knows that such a step would be very unpopular. There is no doubt, however, that there great practical difficulty in keeping up two sets of classes, namely, one according to progress in Englisht, and another according to progress in the vernacular subjects. Schools certainly would gain in efliciency if the same set of boys read together both English and the other subjects. Unnecessary multiplication of small classes in a school having only two or three teachers is a great evil, and this evil reaches its maximum in a school whore boys reading a high Bengali standard have to take their English lessons in a junior class. 127. In the Chittagong division, there are the two Government boarding schools in the hill tracts. The aided schools have increased from 23 to 25, and the unaided from seven to ten. In the Patna division, there is a loss of one Government school, the Nasriganj school liaving been converted into an aided school. Aided schools have advanced from 01 to 67, and unaided schools from 18 to 29. In the Bhagulporo division, aided schools numbered 28 as in tho year before, but unaided schools rose from six to eight. In Chota Nagpur, aided schools numbered 12, as in the previous year, but an unaided school is returned from Manbhoom. In Orissa, the aided schools roso from 19 to 20, but unaided schools continued four, as in tho preceding year. The Tributary Mehals show an increase of one imaided school, from three to four. 128. MIDDLE ENGLISH SCHOLARSHIP EXAMINATION.--Thc results of the examination are given below. The standard is that of the middle vernacular scholarship, with English added us a language only: Diddle English Scholurship E.ramination, 1882. . NWBER (T IN1ION ADING EX- AU VIS. VIR OP PUPILS ON TIEIR KOLINAT THE BEGINNINE OPTIE YEAR. NUMBER OP IXAMINETS. NUMBEN PASSED. DINOY. 1 2 3 c 8 10 11 12 13 14 B 777 77 20 127 ... 203 3 12 17 .. 41) 4,813 1000) 5.080 2.121 5372 111 352 12 8 3 l'rukielenry Caliutti Burdwan Kuhahyo ]щеса Chitleron Putuu Ihupulpur Chota Nagpur Oright Do. Tributary Muliais S 2003 103 121 28 200 41 00 361 1 200 10 4,513 3109 0,086 2.7733 5,572 2,986 630 1,088 4+1 1,011 244 20 218 115 194 28 27 66 92 40 7 (a)134 12 061117 BA 79 18 (c)5 17 79) 18 195 2,219 105 18 19 8 1+ ... 812 923 4+1 1,011 49 21 7 1 2 ro 1+ 10 17 .. ... Total 350 303 883 22,821 23,707 816 05 801 13 18 (1) 106 (a) lurbuyiye of 02 candidates parnod 'in middlu vornnoulut Noholurship esamjallion. u Exclume of 2 cundidaten passed from iniddle vernucular schoo.s. Tilts ditto ditto utto, (u) Ditto ditto dillo ditto.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 37 SECONDARY * EDUCATION to 129. It is seen that 363 schools sent up 894 candidates, of whom 465 were successful. In the previous year, 359 schools sent 962 candidates, of whom 683 passed. The results of the last examination were, therefore, more unfavourable than those of the preceding examination. The decrease in the number of passed candidates was not unoxpected. One of the experienced inspecting officers points out that the middle scholarship candidates have nover before beon subjectod to such a severe tost as in the last year., In previous examinations, candidates were declarod qualified for pass certificates if they obtained four-eighths, three-eighths, or two-cighths of tle aggregate marks. No candidate was allowed last year pass who failed to obtain one-fourth of, tho maximum marks in threo of the subjects of examination, and 110 candidate was considered eligible for a scholarship who did not obtain one-third of the total marks in these subjects. The results, therefore, though inferior in quantity, may be regarded as superior in quality to those of previous years. Another experienced officer notes for his division, that while only 28 pupils failed to gain the maximum qualifying marks in English in 1881, the number plucked in English in 188! was so large as 59. IIo does not think, however, that English is being taught less efficiently than beforc,. but that the facilities afforded by the new rules for the exaniination of middle English and middle vernacular scholarship candidates by means of the same papers of questions induces even those, who are not strong in English, to try tho middlo English papers. 130. MIDDLE VERNACULAR SCIools. Tlio statistics of these scliools for two years are compared- 1891-82: 1992-83. Schools. School Pupils. 10,407 Pupile 10,872 Government 183 187 I.. ... Aided 791 41,623 808 43,182 Private 70 1,331 8-1 4,859 ... Total 1,050 56,11:1 1,079, 59,213 131. There is a not gain of 29 schools and 2,772 pupils. Government schools show an increase of four, which is thus accounted for: the Burdwan divison gained two; Orissa, two; Dacca, oue; and Bhagulpur, two, whilo Chota Nagpur lost one, and the Tributary Mehals of Orissa lost two. This last loss was due to the transfer of a tract of country from the Tributary Mchals to the Cuttack district. The other gains were due to the transfer to new places of schools, not returned in the previous year. The loss reported was, in the same way, due to the closing of a school in an unsuitable locality prior to its re-opening in a place much better suited. The increase of 17 aided schools is thus oxpluned : Presidency division gained five; Burdwan division, seven; Dacca division, four; Chittagong division, ten; and Patna division, six ; whilo the Rajshahiyo division lost four, and the Bhagulpur division, 11.' These last were supported from the primary grant, and on roduction of their status, exist as primary schools. 132. It is too soon yet to predict with confidence the full effect of the changes made in the rules for the award of middle scholarships, but it may be safely affirmed that they have already given an impetus to the establishment and offective organization of both middle English and middlo vernacular schools. . The further spread of a knowledge of English among the people is rendered necessary by the increased extension of tho means of communication, and the desire already manifested in Bengal for such knowledge, even among the poorer classes, can be gratified in a perfectly harmless way by thu systen, under which vernacular schools are permitted to add elementary English classes. I fully agree with Mr. Croft that the present distinction betwen middle English and middlo vernacular ‘schools should be dono away with, and that they should be liberally treated in respect of the grants-in-nid claimed by them.

·38 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 1 BECONDARY 133. The following table gives the results of the middle vernaculas scholarship examination :- DUCATION Middie Vernacular Scholarship Examination, 1882. AL NUMBER OP INSTITUTIONS SENDING EXA- MINKKB, NUMBER OF PUPILA ON TUKIR BOLLO AT THE DEGINNING OF THE YEAL, NUMBER OF EXAMINERS. NUMBER PABORD. DIVISION. Goverment insti. tutions. Other institutions, Gncerrment insti.' tutions. Other institutions. Government insti. tutions. Other iustitutions. Prirate students, Government insti. tutions. Other instituions. Private students, Total, Total. Total, Total 1 2 ce 6 0 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 16 Prosidoncy ... 16 128 130 1,369 7,794 9,163 61 319 51 400 40 170 288 Calouttu ... 6 303 1,990 2,350 10 41 61 8 34 ... ... 20 111 131 1,577 0,095 8,272 SO 312 60 472 64 183 II. Burdwan Rajshahiye. ... 17 83 100 900 3,753 1,078 45 236 820. 19 90 22 (a) 989 1 (6) 118 11 | (o) 367 Droca 21 326 317 016 11,787 12,702 59 623 770 31 316 Chittagong ... B 62 67 226 2,828 8,059 16 130 37 188 6 03 s(d) 78 Patna 946 136 3,017 9,035 195 S05 788 08 99 92 289 0,038 1,748 21 37 09 1,089 2,837 74 89 33 52 75 160 12 16 29 704 1,039 1,803 43 2) 06 14 31 59 Bhagulpur... Chota Nagpur Orissa. Orissa Tributary Muhals 13 23 652 889 1,111 86 0 112 16 30 6 (0) 62 2 3 6 107 207 331 9 19 3 3 7 1 13 Totul 170 871 1,044 10,884 41,791 66,078 017 2,178 1,141 3,936 828 1,074 244 1,046 ... (a) Exclusivo of 42 candidates passed from inddlo English Schools. (0) Otto 38 ditto ditto. () Jitto ditto ditto ditto. Iitto 30 dillo ditto ditto. Ditto ditto quito chittu. Jatto 180 ditto ditto dittu. 134. At this examination 1,014 schools sent. 3,936 candidatos, of whom 1,646 were successful. In the previous year 1,002 schools sent 3,350 candidatos, of whom 2,175 passed. There has, therefore, been a falling off in the proportion of successful candidates to those sent up. This has been partly owing to the same causes that affected the result of the middle English scholarship examination, namely, the revision of the scholarship rules, to the effect that candidates must gain 33 per cent. of the total marks in two subjocts to be eligible for scholarships, and 25 per cent of the marks in the same subjects to qualify for pass-certificates. Considering that the enforcement of the minimum pags marks in different subjects was made for the first time in the last year, the result of the examination may be regarded as satisfactory. The following statement shows the results of both the middle scholarship examinations for the last five years: Number of coinpeting nudile schools. Number of middle scholarship candidatov. Number pausd. ... ... 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1,152 1,191 1,278 1,361 1,407 3,666 3,466 4,496 4,312 4,830 2,135 2,015 2,587 2,858 2,111 ... .. The excep- 135. The foregoing statemont shows that the number of competing schools and candidates has steadily increasod from year to year, and that except in 1882, the number of successful candidates has also increased. tional character of the examinations for 1882 has already been explained, and the schools will henceforth have to make their instruction more effective in the important subjects of English, Bengali, and Arithmetic with a view to ensure incroased success of their pupils at the middle examinations.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 39 * V.-PRIMARY EDUCATION, 136. The statistics of primary schools of all classes for boys for the last two years are compared in the statement subjoinod :- PRIMARY RDUOATION. Upper Primary Schools. 1882. 18A3. Schools, l'pils. Schools. ... Government Aided Private 18 1,847 79 659 65,162 2,777 19 2,089 106 l'upils. 824 74,216 3,589 90 Total ... 1,944 68,698 2.214 78,429 257 Government Ajdod Privato Lower Primary Schools. 10 4.4,606 4,228 754,918 67,164 8 55,9413 4,380 184 960,259 56,039 Total 48,844 812,3339 60,337 1,016,489 GRAND TOTAL ... 50,788 880,937 62,551 1,094,911 137. The number of primary schools has increased from 50,788 to 12,551, or by a little more than 23 per cent, and their pupils from 880,937 to 1,094,911, or by more than 24 per cent. The increase is most notablo in tho · Dacca and Chittagong divisions, but is shared to a less extent by all the other divisions. Dacca has contributed 4,771 schools and 90,158 pupils; Chittagong 2,762 schools and 57,963 pupils; Orissa 1,231 schools and 13,212 pupils; Patna 1,106 schools and 11,796 pupils; Burdwan 834 schools and 14, 914 pupils; and Rajshahye 516 schools and 11,272 pupils. 138. An additional grant of a lakh of rupees for primary instruction, raising the total grant under this head to Rs. 6,00,000, was sanctioned by Government for the year under roport; but the districť officers succccdod in spending only lis. 5,82,000. In the previous year, tlo charges for 50,788 schools and 880,937 pupils wero Rs. 4,78,000 fronı Government and Rs. 15,33,000 froni private sources. While, therefore, the Government expenditure has increased by Rs. 1,04,000, the contributious from private sources has increased froru ks. 15,33,000 to Rs. 18,50,000, or by Rs. 3,17,000; this last sum mainly represents the expenditure, incurred by the peoplo, on tho institutions now for the first time included in tlie primary system. 139. As stated in last general report, the class of schools formerly designated “lower vernacular” and classed as secondary schools are, with tho sanction of Govornment, now included in the primary system, under the namo upper primary schools.” The “primary schools” of former years are in consequenco now classed as “lower primary schools.” The course in the highest class of upper primary schools includes (1) tho vernacular languago; (2) the history and geography of tho Lower Provinces; (3) arithunctic, inclusive of the native system of accounts; (1) the first book of Euclid; (5) clementary physics ; and (6) tho sanitary primer. The lower classes of an upper primary school teach very noarly the same subjects as are taught in a lower primary school, the highest standard attained by which includes (1) a vernacular aadptation of Chamber's rudiments of knowledge; (2) handwriting and reading of manuscript; (3) arithmetic on the European mothod, up to compound division; (4) rules and formulæ for mental arithmetic on tlię nativo system; (5) native system of accounts, including zemindari and bazar accounts; and (0) the sanitary primer. It will thus be seen that while the upper primaries approxi. mate the fifth standard of elementary schools in England, the lower primaries reach a standard above the third but below the fourth. Under existing arrangements, the class of lower primaries includes those indigenous schools, and those only, which have adopted, to any extent, the departmental standards, or which sond pupils to the central examinatious. Indigenous schools, of " ·40 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR PRIMARY KDCOATION. Bueh as pathsalas, tols, and makhtals, which conform to no departmental, standards, are now classed as “indigenous schools." Owing to the large increase reported this year in the number of lower primaries, one patshala in every 28.2 brought under organisation is an upper primary school, instead of one in 25 as in the preceding yoar. The development of lower into upper primaries, however, has received no check, the number of these schools having increased from 1,914 to 2,214, and their pupils from 68,598 to 78,429. It was stated before,. and I re-affirm the fact, that tho upper primaries are either survivals of the old departmental patshalas under trained or certificated teachers, or of indigenous patshalas of a superior class, in which Sanskrit and other similar studies have been replaced by modern subjects of instruction. They are the much a part of the primary system as the lower primaries, with this difference, that they have two classes added at the top, to moct the requirements of the moro advanced pupils, and are in point of discipline and management superior to most of the lower primaries. It has been explained before that the advance of a pupil from the lower to the upper primary standard is brought about in most cases by pressure from within, but that departmental and district officers have in many instances restricter this tendency to rise, partly in the belief that but few gurus were fully qualified to teach the upper primary course, and partly from a fear that the lower pupils would be neglected in favour of the uppor. I uced hardly repeat here the fact that in large patshalas, the monitorial system has been in forco from time immemorial, and that the most cases understand that it is their direct interest to care for all the children placed under their charge. The increase reported cvery year in the number of these schools is a proof that they are now more generally recognized as an essential part of tlic present systeni of popular instruction. 140. UPPER PRIMARY SCHOOLS.-These slow an increase of 270 schools and 98.3) 9,875 pupils; the largest increase is in the divisions of Burdwan, Bhagulpore, Orissu, and Rajshahiye, but every division, except Patna, has contributed its sharc. The Burdwan division leads the list with 405 schools, then comes the Presidency division with 367; Bhagulpore has 322 ; Patna 248; Rajshahye 229; Dacca 223 ; Orissa 185; Chittagong 122; Chota Nagpore 57; and Calcutta 4 schools. The results of the upper primary scholarship examination for boys are tabulated below for each division:- gurus in Upper Primary Scholarship Examina'ion, 1882-83. NUMHAR OP INSTI- TUTTONA AINTING EXAMINEN. NUMBER OT Prirls ON TIIKIN ROLI.SAI TIT: ILOINNIN OllIIS IKAR, NUBIR OP EXAMINEES. NUMBER L'ASSED. insile insti. - Sul insti DIVISION Goier.tient tutions, Gorennent tutlulis Other insitutions Gorernment tulong. Other institut: ns. Private students. Other institutions. Government tutions, Printe students. Tnt:1). Total. Total. Total. 25 Other institutions. 190 7,409 .. ... 213 1 215 1 528 ... 2:53 29 8 608 3089 871 19 1 2:33 15! 89) 1.44 150 IX+ 437 8 01 988 019 488 16 9 14 177 379 1335) 180 182 Prindery na lutt. Budiwani Hushadyo Inco Chutturouk latna Bhakuipore olura Nuspore rias Oussa Tr:hutury Mohale Total 3003 408 7.8000 113 7 01 5.010 13,701 7,431 6,118 6,421 1,718 2,474 34 31 87 10 1.4 8 03 7,801 5,010 14,007 7.992 0,1998 6,021 1,880) 2,1116 706 .. ... 412 416 83 1755 462 164 429 207 221 1+0 00 145 21 JINS 4 8 7 7 5 29 B 6 2 3 4 3 443 288 260 149 71 187 20 3 B 6 7 2 10:3 98 265 655 ) 12 (80) 397,036 1,67 1,415 58 359 550.807 100 3,351 201 4,265 84 2,150 82 4,888 mer 141. The results show an advance over those of the preceding yoar, when 2,813 candidates were sent up from 1,140 schools, of whom 1,716 passed. The increase of successful candidates, howover satisfactory, has one drawback in the circumstance that it is not in proportion to the number sent up to the examination. This result is no doubt due to the fact that many of the competing schools are as yet not fully up to the mark. Tho Burdwan division still maintains its superiority, and the Presidency and Patna divisions also show very satisfactory, results. In the Dacca and Chittagong In the Dacca and Chittagong divisions, schools of a higher ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. PRIMARY HDUCATQx. status och tributed a large percentage of the candidates, who were awarded pass certificates, but were not allowed to win scholarships. Out of 443 successful candidates in the Dacca division, only 129 were from upper primary schools. In the Chittagong division, out of 282 successful candidates, only 123 belonged to upper primaries. 142. LOWER PRIMARY SCHOOLS. These schools have increased from 48,844 to 60,337, and their pupils from 8,12,339 to 10,16,482; the increase is most marked in the divisions of Dacca, Chittagong, Orissa, and Patna. In Daoca the advance is from 3,334 to 8,093 schools, and in Chittagong from 4,602 to 7,350 schools. The Joint-Inspector, Chittagong, has reported that there was no orror in respect of tho compilation of the returns, and that so far as the result of the enquiries set on foot shows, there was no case of wilful inflation of returns on the part of Sub-Inspectors. He adds, “tho Deputy Inspectors state their conviction that there was no such inflation of returns ; and after an examination of the original returns, &c., in the Education office at Tipperah, where the largest increase took place, and aftor local enquiry at some of the contres in that district, I am satisfied as to the corroctness of the number of schools and pupils returned." Ho quotes the opinion of Mr. Cotton, expressed in 1879, that "an educational consus would show that nuore persons knew how to read and write in Chittagong than in almost any, other district of Bengal of the samo size and population, and that for every patshala aided by Government there were at least half a dozen private maklitabs." Mr. Hopkins, Magistrate of Tipperah, is also said to have expressed a similar opinion in reference to the existence of numorous mukhtabs in his district I have elsewhere quoted Mr. Hopkins in extenso, and whown that in his opinion the existenco of two schools to every squaro mile in Tipperah possibly' involves waste of power, and that it would be probably desirable to repress schools, which are unnecessary and probably useless. The increase reported front. the Mymensingh district is also enormous, but the Deputy Inspector writes :-" This enormous nuiuber of schools and pupils exists not merely on paper. The figures are not mere collections of annual returns ; nor was it an educational census of the district taken at a Government cost of Rs. 21,000. The schools wore all registered by 150 modol gurus of the district before the annual returns were taken. These patshalas were not merely registered and then left alone, they are sinco registration being regularly inspected by the I have elsewhere shown that the Sub-Inspectors of Schools in Mymensingh visited in situ only 288 out of the 3,144 lower primaries reported from the district, so that the chief evidenco as to the continued existence of more than 90 por cent of the patsbalas as yet comes from the model gurus. The question of a better system of inspection in situ by the Sub Inspectors is now under consideration. 143. An examintion of the district returns furnishes some curious particulars as to the number of boys actually at school out of the total number of boys of school-going age. Following tho samo mode of calculation as that adopted last year, and taking the boys of school-going ago at 15 per cent of tho malo population, as in England, the results are as follows :-Tho first place is now taken by Tipperah, which hus 86,865 boys at school out of 1,15,633' of school.going age, or in other words 75 por ceat of the boys are already at school. Noakhali, which showed the largest percentage last year, now occupies the second place, having 70 per cent of its boys of school-going ago at school. The town of Calcutta and the metropolitan districts of looghly and tho 24-Pergunnahs have each one boy at school out of 1.9, or a little more than 52 per cent. Districts that havo one boy out of every two at school are Burdwan, Midnapore, Howrah, Chittagong, and Balasoro ; while Dacca, Backorgunge, Bankoorah, and Cuttack have one boy at school out of 2.5. Districts that have one in every three to four boys at school are Boerbhoom, Khoolna, Mymensingh, Furreedporo, Patnaand Pooree. Those that have one in four seven are Jessoro, Nuddea Moorshedabad, Rajshahye, Pubna, Gya, Shar babad, Monghyr, Maldah, Manbhoom, and Singbhoom; while those tliat have one in seven to ten are Dinagepore, Rungpore, Bogra, Darjeeling, Julpigoree, Mozufferpore, Durbhunga, Sarun, Chumparun, Sonthal Pergunnahs, and Orissa Tributrary Mohals. The districts that have one at school in 10 to 11 boys of school-going age are Purneah, Hazaribagh, and Lohardugga. model gurus. ; to ·42 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR FRIMARY HODOATION. 144. Although no absolute reliance can be placed on the gatistica collected from so many thousands of petty schools, soattered all over the country an admittedly imperfect agency, there can be no question that for most of the districts the figures may be taken to represent approximately the present state of popular education. It was shown in the last report that the results brought out by the census operations closely tallied with those. furnished by the educational returns of the year, except in a few instances, and that the general accuracy of the returns could be safely affirmed. 145. It has been stated in the reports for the past few years that the extension of the system of payment by results has brought to light the vast, number of indigenous schools already in existence. All that the departmental pficers had to do were to register the patshalas, havo, then inspected at short intervals, and encourage the pupils and the teachers.to adopt modern methods of study by the offer of rewards on the results of periodical examinations. These reward examinations are in most districts held once in the yoar; but some districts still rotain the system of half-ycarly examinations as a means of ensuring the continued cxistenco of the patshalas. It has been stated on anquestionable authority that in districts where the reward examinationis are held only onco in the cold weather, temporary patshalas spring up and aro closed as soon as the examinations are over. While on the one hand these paishalas, as pointed out by Mr. R. H. Wilson, are of no educational value whatever, no hard-and-fast rule can be devised for excluding from central examinations all patshalas that do not exist throughout the year. In agricultural tracts patslıalas aro, as a matter of fact, closed during the sowing and reaping seasons and on the occurrence of natural calamities; but they revive when the children are no longer required to assist tlieir parents in the field, or when the village returns to it normal condition. Each Magistrate should devise rules on the subject, to meet the circumstances of particular portions of his district. 146. The large increase that has of late years been made to the assignment for primary education, and the malpractices in connection with the administration of the grant that occasionally forın the subject of official enquiry, have imparted considerable importance to the question of audit of primary school expenditure. Our main reliance must always be on the character of tho agents we employ; but we should at the same time take caro not to place them too much under temptation. Tho ordinary paper chocks devised in most of the districts may be described to be as follows. Tho. Suh-Inspectors are the disbursing officers, and when they submit bills for stipends due to primary school teachers for any month, they are required to support these by the teachers' reecipts for stipends for the previous inonth. The Deputy Inspoctor, with the assistanco of tho Education clerk, examines the bills and receipts, and if they are found correct in form, they aro pissed and submitted to the Magistrato for countersignature before payment at the treasury. Sub-Inspectors also roccive advances from tho Magistrato for the reward examinations conducted by them, and when the sums advanced are disbursed, they submit regular accounts, supported by the receipts of the payces for examination in the education branch of the Magistrate's offico. In several districts the monibers of the local committees, which assist the Sub-Inspectors in conducting the reward examinatigns, attest by thcir certificate that the amounts stated to have been paid have actually been disbursed in their presonce;. this certificate system deserves a larger trial. There are districts in which no payment is made on the spot by the Sub-Inspector immediately after the close of the examination; but the results of the cxamination aro forwarded to the Magistrate's office, where calculations are made as to the accounts payablo to the teachers and the pupils; the sums due are transmitted to cach police station for all living within its jurisdiction, and the payments are made by the Sub-Inspector of Schools, on some day previonsly fired by the Magistrate; this systein has the worit of dissociating oducational Sub-Inspectors altogether from keeping large amounts of cash in hand. The success that has attended tho post office money. -order system, has induced some authorities to propose that all payments to gurus and their pupils should be made from the Magistrate's office by means of money, orders. If the postal authorities approve the, arrangement, it will minimise the evils of cash transactions by Sub-Inspectors of Schools; but even under such ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 43 I cannot say that a corrupt person will bot make an income by colluding with the recipients of the Government bounty. The question of providing some satisfactory system of audit is, however, still under consideration, and will form the subject of a separate communication. 147. While most of our experienced inspecting officers consider the present lower primary scholarship course as that which the great body of primary schools should be expected to attain, some of them are of the opinion that too much has been "made of the technical subject of zemindari accounts, which, for any practical purpose, neither the teachers as a class nor tlie pupils can pretond to understand, much less to master, They propose that in place of this compligated and difficult subject, provision should be mado for tho teaching of mensuration of fields in the native as well as the European method, and that modes of finding areas and calculating rents at different rates per bigah should be taught. Considering that in many parts of the country, patshala boys are hardly more than 10 or !! years of age, the proposal appears to be a reasonablo one. Two of the inspecting officers further contend that the subjects of Euclid and elementary science deserve no place in the upper primary scholarship course, on the ground that these subjects“ do not strictly come within tho scope of primary education,” and that they “serve to render tho transition (between upper and lower primaries) too abrupt for casy and gradual ascent." As, how ever, the upper primaries form a connecting link between the lowest primary and the secondary education, these subjects not only carry tho pupils a step in advance, but pave the way for much futuro progress. The elementary schools of England attempt a good deal wore than is prescribed for the upper primary schools of Bengal, and even the primary schools. of Bombay teach a more advanced course. 148. The question, whether the grant of a Government subsidy to a patshala has the effect of proportionately diminishing the peoplo's contributions towards its 'support, lias engaged the attention of most of the inspecting officers. A reference to the expenditure columns shows that the private contributions for primary education have increased from Rs 12,13,000 in 1880-81 to Rs. 15,32,878 in 1881-82, and Rs. 18,49,950 in 1882-83. So far, thereforo, as this evidence of figures goes, it fails to establish a case as against tho grant of a Government subsidy. Again, the number of primary schools returned on the 31st March 1883 being 62,556 and the Government expenditure on then being Rs. 5,81,610, and the local expenditure Rs. 18,49,950, the average income of a patshala teacher is Rs. 9.4 from Government and Rs. 29-9 from private sources, or Rs. 38-13 per annum. Following the same mode of calculation, it is found that the average income of a guru in the preceding year was Rs. 39.8, namely Rs. 46 from Government and Rs. 30-2 froin private This shows that, while the Government contribution remains much the same, privato contributions have slightly declined. To draw, however, any satisfactory conclusions from such duti is not justifiable. It is almost universally understood that the income of the gurus from private sources can only roughly bo known; as the various items, which make it up, consist of payments in kind, of which no regular accounts are kept, and there is a tendency on the part of the gurus to understate their income, with the view of exciting compassion and inducing local officers to pay them a larger · Governmont aid. Thu belief, however, among inspecting officers is almost general that among ignorant and backward populations tho gurt gets less and less support from tho pcoplo directly it is known that lio derives any appreciablo portion of his incomo from Government. In places, however, where the principle of grant-in-aid is well understood, there is reason to boliove that the people are not in the habit of discontinuing their customary contributions to the village teachers. The system -of payment by results has been in operation in most of the districts; but in Singbhoom it has virtually come to be more expensive than the ordinary stipendiary system of previous years, the average paymeut to a guru per annum being at the rate of Rs. 51. In the opinion of the Assistant Inspector of Chota Nagpore, the results-system can work tolerably well in portions of Manbhoom and Hazaribagh, but nowbere else in the division. The large number of mukhtabs existing in Hazaribagh, and its large Hindustani population, render the success of the system possible thero. In sources.

·44 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR PRIMARY EDUOATION the Rajshahye division, also, there has been a satisfactory increase of school and pupils owing to the greater expansion of the results-system in the district of Rungpore and Rajshahye. 150. LOWER PRIMARY SCHOLARSHIP EXAMINATION.-The following table gives the result of the lower primary scholarship examination in each division for boys. Sixty girls passod the examination :- Lourer Primary Scholarship Examination for boys, 1882-83. NUMBER OF INR111UTIONS BENDIN EXAMINER, NIMDER OF PUTILS ON TIIKIR ROLI AT THE DEOINNING OF TUE TBAR. NIMEER OF LXAMINRE.. NUMBER PAHID. DIVI810N. Governr rut IT siltinn, Other Institutions, Goveri ment Institut1077 Other It.stitations, Goseriment Ins stution's Other Institu. tions. Private Students. Government Institutions. Other Instite tiope, Private, Btudent.. Total Total. Total Total 7561 754 23,1097 23,037 9,4371 8 2,410 829 ... 889 du . I. is! 300 1,419 ... . Prosidondy Onloitte Burd wilt Rajahabyo loroa Chitragong " Patna Bhagulyorn Chotu Nagporn Om Orien Tributary Mchals Воун Boya Boys Buva Boya Boy Воум Bopy Boys Boys Boys 1,403 1,803 031 630 8108 828 102 415 116 + 2,67% 2,072 1 39' 1,4:13 100 409) 1,10 1,164 29+ 49,499 17,127 27,411 14,414 72257 21,300 117,4,9 16 019 4 44,902 17,127 27,80331 67 14 048 8 72,257 21 300 16,454 16,918 4,7) 6,219 648 1,005 S 2.707 1,63 10 11,803) 6,000 88 1,18% 9,516 65+ 8,460 1,648 2,861 1,640 18,403 3,086 1,183 8,511 2,089 208 $30) 1,995 407 6,840 1,881 M 700 2,048 946 . .. P. 000 7,903 186 8,082 SH O .de ... ng Total 1x 10,3376' 10 347 100 201,1,20 201,810 05 99 0.39 0.14 39,798 28 18,630 888 10,74 15). In tho provious year 29,182 pupils competed from 8,190 schools, and 15,987 were successful. There is, therefore, an increase of 2,191 competing schools, of 10,616 candidates, and of 805 successful pupils. Every division has contributed its share of the increase, except Bhagulpore where, owing to exceptional causes in operation, one of the districts did not soud in its usual supply of candidates. 152. The following comparative statement shows the gradual advance made since 1870 towards the standard of the lower primary scholarship examination, which may be accepted as that which the general body of primary schools inny strive to attain :- YBAR. Compeung Bcbools, Candidates. Passed, ... .. .. ... 1876 77 1877-78 1878-79 1879-80 1880 81 JA81-82 1882-83 3,110 4,171 6,053 7.620 7,887 *8,283 10,387 11.4.42 12.985 16,810 24,163 26,293 29,3368 5,246 5,047 7,905 11,354 13,951 16,131 16,852 ... 39,798 For the first time in 1882.83, tho pass marks in the several groups of subjects for this exauuination were insisted on in some of the districts; the number of successful candidates was, therefore, to some extent reduced. 153. The district and divisional suinmarios, which follow, show the results of the different systems of administering the primary grant under orders of the District Magistrates, subject to the general suporvision of the higher educational inspecting officers. This supervision is in most cases limited to inspoction of the schools, the money arrangements being entirely under the direction of tne Magistrates. 104. CALU UTTA.---Population, exclusive of the suburbs and tho shipping, is 405,000; aniount paid froin the grant-in-aid fund for primary education Rs. 1,986. Upper primaries nuubored four with 360 pupils, against thrco with 271 pupils of the procedmg your. The expenditure on these was Rs. 2,588, of which Government contributed Rs. 708. The schools are attended by low casste boys. Lower primaries rose from 70 with 3,335 pupils to 76 witá 8,561 pupils. Tho amount paid by Governoicnt was Rs. 1,278, aguinst Rs. 11,787 contributod fruir private sources. After the cluso of the year, on the reprosontatiou of Mr. C. B. Clarke, the Circle Inspector, a grant of Rs. 4,000 from ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION, PRIWART KDOQATION. ! the primary fund has been sanctioned for the extension of education among the poor and illiterate classes in the town. This grant is in addition to that heretofore paid from the grant-in-aid fund. The pupils of primary schools in Calcutta bave at present neither upper por lower primary scholarships to compete for. The Deputy. Inspector represents that such scholarships are necessary, but the question is not yet quite ripe for decision. 155. PRESIDENCY DIVISION.-Of the boys of school-going ago one in 3.8 is at school. While the area of the division remains unchanged, the formation of the new district of Khoolna affected the areas of Jossore and the 24-Per güonahe, the former parting with two of its sub-divisions, and the latter with the sub-division of Satkhira. The comparative statistics as given below are, as far as possible, for the areas constituting the districts of the division on tho 31st March 1883, except where otherwise noted. Primary schools, including indigenous schools, rose from 3,831 to 4,105, and their pupils from 112,889 to 120,385 of the preceding year. The upper primaries numbered 367 with 14,915 pupils against 349 with 14,268 of the previous year. The lower primarios were 3,645 with 104,535 pupils, against 3,300 with 95,672 pupils. While the upper primaries largely increased in the 24-Pergunnahs and to a smaller extent in Jessore, there was a small decline in Nudden and Moorshedabad, and a more marked falling off in the newly-formod district of Khoolna. The lower primaries show a satisfactory increase in all the districts except Nuddea. Indigenous schools declined from 182 with 2,919 pupils to 93 with 935 pupils--a circumstance which shows that the inner and outer circle of primary instruction is fast becoming conterminous.' The systen of payment by results in now in forco in all the districts of the division, but substantial rewards in cash still continue to be paid to pupils in Jessore and the 24-Pergunnahs. 156. 24-Pergunnah: -- Population, including the Suburbs of Calcutta, 1,869,859 ; primary grant raised from Rs. 19,000 to Rs. 23,000, of which Ra. 4,500 were transferred with Satkhira sub-division to the now district of Khoolna. Expenditure Rs. 18,429, of which Rs. 43 were spent on one middle school; Rs. 1,912 on 40 upper primary schools; and Rs. 157 on four girls' schools. Thero were 67 upper primaries aided from the circle grant and 21 from the grant-in-aid fund, so that the total number of aided upper primaries was 128 with 5,087 pupils, against 101 with 4,523 pupils of the preceding year. There were also 14 unaided upper primaries. Aided lower primaries rose from 1,053 to 1,238, and their pupils from 33,083 to 37,630; of these, 14 were aided from the grant-in-aid fund. Unaided lower primaries declined from 185 to 108-a fact which shows a further developniont of the system of payment by results. The Sub-Inspectors paid 1,477 visits in sirr to the lower primaries. Of the boys of school-going ago one in 1.9 is at school. Tho reward examinations were held at 79 centres, and the number of schools competing for rewards rose from 767 to 1,129; and of candidates from 10,250 to 16,825. By the higher standard 1,299 passed in reading and writing, 1,020 in arithmetic and 558 in accounts. By the lower standard, 12,916 passed in reading and writing and 11,311 in arithmetic. The rewards due to the pupils are paid on the spot, but the gurus' get at the time of the examination only half the amount carned, the other half boing payable in March after inspection in situ. There are in the district 47 stipendiary putshalas serving as models to the others, on stipends varying fronı Rs. 4 to Rs. 6. Thirty-seven of theso aro upper primaries and the others are ultimately to reach the sånio standard. The model patshala teachers are utilized in giving notices of examination to the gurus, finding out unaided patshalas, and teaching the gurus how to keep registers of attendanco, and preparo departmental returns. They differ froni the chief gurus of Behar in one essential feature, viz., they do not draw the one anna allowance for each patshala visited by them under orders, and they are not regularly employed on inspection work. Mr. Stevens, the District Magistrate, states that "it has been recently proposed that the teachers of tho model patshalss should close their own patshalas four days a' month, on which they will have to inspect their neighbouring patshalas.” There aro 20 Sanskrit tols, attended by 188 pupils. At the upper primary scholarship examination 54 schools sent up 109 candidates, of whoni 69 were successful, against 64 in the previous year. At the lower primary scholarship examination the number of competing schools was 183, against 174 ; of candidates 604 against 397, and ·46 REPORT OT TAK DIRECTOR TRILLARY TDOOLPION. gurus or model in the of successful candidates 166, against 348 of the preceding year. This examin: ation appears to be conducted with some stringency in this district. The municipalities spent Rs. 6,885 on education. The suburban municipality contributed Rs. 3,000 towards the support of 51 primary schools and never girls' schools. Some special scholarships for girls and the salary of a Sub Inspector were also provided from the same grant. 157. Nudilcu. - Population, 2,018,000; primary grant Rs. 18,000; the whole of which was expended. Of this sum Rs. 96 were spont on two middle schools, Rs. 3,557 on 60 upper primary schools, Rs. 1,894 on 78 girls' schools, and Rs. 540 ou books, printing, &c. The aided upper primaries were 72 with 2,898 pupils, against 77 schools and 3,092 pupils of the previous year; of theso, six were grant-in-aid schools and six circle grant schools. There was only ono unaided school. The aided lower primaries were 530 with 14,699 pupils, against 525 with 14,152; of these one was a grant-in-aid school and two were circle schools. Tho Sub-Inspectors paid 1,115 visits in situ to the lower primaries. Of the boys of school-going age one in 6.4 is at school The unaided patshalas only numbered two. There were also 25 tols and one makhtab, with 196 pupils. The system in operation in Nuddea has not apparently, shown a capacity for expansion, but the prevalance of malarious fever in the district during the last two or three years had probably something to do witlı this unsatisfactory result. Stipendiary schools numbered 81, but the teachers of these schools performed no functions analogous to those of the chief gurus of other districts. The Magistratt, Mr. Taylor, is of opinion that either more Sub-Inspectors should be sanctioned for his district or that visitors as well qualified as the existing body of circlo pundits should be appointed to work as a subsidiary inspecting agency. Ile thinks that chief gurus would not command the respect of other gurus subordinate to them. The examination for rewards was held twice year for cach group of patshulas. Rewards of Rs. 4, Rs. 3, and Rs. 2 were also paid to each guru for every pupil passing the lower primary scholar. ship examination in the 1st, 2nd, or 3rd division. The number of roward oxamination centres was increased from 71 to 143. The Nuddea system is to give stipends to the best as well as to the worst patshalas; to the former to prevent their carrying off a largo portion of the roward money at central examinations, and to tho latter to encourage the growth of schools in backward localities, Tho necessity for keeping back half tho reward money which has been recognized in the 21-Pergunnals is not felt in Nuddea, where tho examinations aro hold twice in the year. At the central cxaninations 133,017 pupils from 972 schools were examined, and 1,570 passed by the 1st and 0,463 by the end standard. At the upper primary scholarship examination 92 candidates were sent up from 45 schools, and 35 were successful against 11 of the previous year. At the lower primary scholarship examination 016 candidates were sent up from 190 schools, and 311 were successful against 203 of the previous year. It should be noted here that while tho scholarship (xuminations of otlicr districts were held at the head-quarters of sub-divisions, the examinations for Nuddoa were held at 28.centres. The number of candidates from Nuddea was nearly the same as that from the 24-Pergunnahs; but the striking difference between the results of tho exaninations for the two districts cannot be accounted for on the assumption that the teaching in ono district was more ellicierit than in the other. The Assistant Inspector, Presidency Division, who saw patshala gatherings in all the districts of his division, cxcept Moorshedabad, could not say that the Nuddea patshalas were superior to those of other districts. The amount expended by municipalities on education in Nuddea was Rs. 2,274. 158. Khovlna.-- Population, 1,079,948; primary grant Rs. 11,000, of which Rs. 4,500 was from the 24-Pergunnahs, and Rs. 6,500 froru Jessore. The whole grant was expended. Of this sum Rs. 228 wero spent on four middle, Rs. 1,378 on 30 upper primary, and Rs. 409 on 14 girls' schools. The aided upper primaries were ol, with 1,775 pupils; of these, two were grant-in-aid schools and 19 circle grant schools. There were two unaided schools with 61 pupils. The aided lower primaries numbered 582 with 15,828 • The pruvious year's figures includo those for Satkhira sub-division, since transforred to Khoolna.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 47 on 47 upper pupa of these, 10 were grant-in-aid schools. The unaided schools were 78 with 1,580 pupils. The stipendiary schools numbered 56. The Sub-Inspec- APOAZIONE tors paid 463 visits in situ to the lower primaries. Of the boys of schoolgoing age" one in 3.9 is at school. Throe tols, with 64 pupils are reported. At the central examinations for rewards 6,926 pupils were sent up from 556 schools, and 1,028 passed by the higher and 4,400 by the lower standard. Khoolna and Bagirhat sub-divisions maintained the Jessore system and the Satkbira sub-division tho 24.Pergunnahs system of payment by results; but the District Committeo lave quite recently adopted the chief guru system combined with the inspecting pundit system. The Magistrate, Mr: "Clay, remarks, "the system of central examinations and payment by results was found to be in existence at the formation of tho distriot in June 1882, and it has romained in the stato found; but thoro is, as pointed oat by the Deputy Inspector, a difference in the way of working the system, as in one part of the district the boys receive nothing after examination but in another part they get rewards. An uniform system will probably havo to be adopted. Inland travelling is not very practicable in this district, and I have not been able to satisfy myself of the existence of an universal system of patshalas or of their quality; but as far as I have been able to observo, patshalas of the ordinary kind are not often met with in the district." Khoolna cannot differ materially from Jessoro and the 24-Pergunnalis, which havo contributed to its formation. At the upper primary scholarship examination 96 candidates appeared from 32 schools, and 40 were successful. At the lower primary scholarship examination only 281 candidatos sent were up from 90 schools; 109 were successful. 159. Jessore.- Population, 1,577,249; primary grant raised from Rs. 17,000 to Rs. 20,000, of which Rs. 6,500 were transferred with the sub-divisions Khoolna and Bayirhat to the Khoolna district. Expenditure, Rs. 13,878, of which Rs. 404 were spent on ciglit middle, Rs. 2,115 primary, and Rs. 1,017 on 47 girls' schools. The aided upper primaries were 11 with 2,501 pupils, against 63 with 2,403 in the previous your; of these, 20 wero grant-in-aid and four circle yrant schools. The uvaided schools were thrco with 76 pupils. The aided lower primaries were 052 with 18,866 pupils, against 553 with 16,745. Four of these were circlo grant schools. The unaided schools were 78 with 1,589) pupils. The Sub-Inspectors paid 1,162 visits in situ to the lower primaries. Of the boys of a school-going ago one in 4:3 is at school. At tho reward examinations 6,272 pupils from 616 schools were examined, and of these, 2,178 passed by the 1st and 5,520 by the 2nd standard. The number of stipendiary schools in the district is 135. The head gurus have now been empowered to visit lower primary schools in their respective beats at least once in the year—a step, however foeble, in the right direction. There are 22 tols and four maklitabs, with 281 pupils. While the reward examination at cach centro in the other districts is finished generally in one day, the Jessore system renders it necessary for the examinees to halt at the place of examination for two or more days. The examination ought certainly to be simplificd, ils the great object in such cases is not to put patshala children to expenso, and compel tliem to sleep at a distance from their homes. At the upper primary scholarship examinatio 112 pupils from 51 schools computed, and 39 were succossful, against 29 of the preceding year. At the lower primary scholarship examination 522 pupils from 172 schools competed, and 156 were successful. 160. Moorshedabad.- Population, 1,226,790; primary grant Rs. 10,000; expenditure Rs. 9,771, of which Rs. 028 were spent on ning middlo, Rs. 1,523 on 31 upper primary, and Rs. 227 on 11 girls' schools. The aided upper primaries numbered 31 with 1,024 pupils, against 32 with 1,045. There was one unaided school. The aided lower primaries wero 313 with 9,063 pupils, against 276 with 6,857 of the preceding year. There were 31 unaided schools with 576 pupils. There wore also four patslialas, cight tuls, and six makhtabs, with an aggregato nuniber of 206 pupils. The stipendiary schools numbered 83. The Sub-Inspectors paid 1,103 visits in situ to the lower primaries. Of the boys of a school.going age one in 6'1 is at school. At the reward examinations 7,939 pupils from 399 schools appeared, and 5,366 of these wero declared successful. Moorsliedabad maintains now ·48 REPORT OF THE DILECTOR PRIMARY EDUCATION four standards of examination, one above that for the lower primary scholarship examination, and in this special standard 278 pupils were successful numbers passed in the three lower standards were 1,258, 953 and 2,877 respectively. The Magistrate, Mr. Mosley, states that with a view to the more completo introduction of the system of payment by results, he has reduced all the stipendiary ratshala grants by half, and in some cases by more than half every school being able to supplement its grant by earning rewards. At the upper primary scholarship examination 37 candidates appeared from 17 school, and 24 were successful, against 17 of the preceding year. At the lower primary scholarslip examination 414 candidates were sent from 107 schools, and 87 were successful. The municipalities contributed Rs. 2,341 in aid of schools. 161. BURDWAN DIVISION.--Of the boys of school-going age one in 2:3 is at school. Upper primaries liave increased from 326 to 405, and their pupils from 10,040 to 12,896. Of these schools 32 are aided from the grant-in-aid fund, 16 from circlo grant, and 344 from the primary fund. Thirteen are unuided: Lower primaries havo risen from 9,211 with 187,448 pupils to 9,966 with 199,506. Of these 73 are grant-in-aid schools, 10 are circle grant schools, 9,569 are primary fund schools, and 314 are unaided. All the grant-in-aid lower primaries, except ono, aro under missionary, management. Primary fund schools havo advanced from 8,789 to 9,569; the incrcase is owing to the discovery of new patshalas in all the districts, except Bankura, where malarious fever raged with some intensity. Sonthal schools numbered 69 in Midnupore with 1,5:37 pupils, and 15 in Beerbhoom with 485 pupils. The payment-by-results system was in operation throughout the division. No material changes in the system were made last year, but nost of the Magistrates have accepted the suggestions of the Circle Inspector in regard to the further extension and improvement of organized primary instruction. In Hooghly, the chief-guru system has been introduced in comection with the scheme originally devised by Mr. Pellew, and subscquently modified under orders of the Commissioner Mr. Beames. In Midnapore, Mr. Ilarrison's system continues in force, but each central guru (locally known as Assistant Secretary) is now induced to raiso his patshala to the upper primary class. In Bankura, the number of chief gurus was increased from 50 to 88 at the suggestion of the Inspector, 80 that cach chief guru has now 20 patshalas and no more in his heat. Peripatetic gurus rose from 94 to 97, but shop-keeper gurus declined from 14 to 2. In Becrbhoom, payment of rewards by classification of patshalus, according to the results of ceutral examinations and the number of pupils in attendance, has continued in force. In Burdwan, Mr. Larminic's system of small stipends and largo rewards has been worked with success, and the Magistrate has approved the Inspector's idea of appointing inspecting gurus. In Howrah, the great bulk of the patshalas was worked up under the results system, and steps have also been taken for introducing tho chief-guru system. Rewards in cash to patshalu pupils have been discontinued under orders of the Commissioner; prizes are now given in books, slates, and writing materials. In Midnapore and Bankura gurus are now induced to appear at the upper primary and middle scholarship examinations, and are paid in proportion to their success at these examinations. 162. Burduun.- Population, 1,391,823; primary grant raised from Rs. 18,000 to Rs. 19,033; expenditure Rs. 19,031, of which Rs. 4,510 wero spent on upper primaries, Rs. 249 on girls' schools, and Rs. 877 on purchase of maps and books. The upper primaries were 87 with 3,195 pupils, against 85 with 3,212 of the preceding year. Aided lower primaries were 1,492 with 38,877 pupils, against 1,149 schools with 33,816 pupils. Of these five were grant-in-aid schools. The Sub-Inspectors paid 557 visits in situ to the lower primaries. Of the boys of a school-going age one in 21 is at school. The reward examinations were held at 74 centres, and were attended by 14,990 boys, 10,484 boys were successful. The rates of reward to the teachers were eight and four annus, respectively for every boy passing by the higher and lower standards.' The gurus also received rewards at Rs. 4, Rs. 3, and Rs. 2 for every pupil passing in the 1st, 2nd, or 3rd division at the lower primary scholursluip examination. At the upper primary scholarship examina, tion 243 candidates competed from 79 schools, and 219 were successful. At the lower primary scholarship examination, 1,789 candidates appeared from 442 schools, and 660 were successful. Mr. Larminie, the Magistrate, hus, on the ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION, 49 BUUCAT101, on whole, every reason to be satisfied with the working of the system, which has Dow been carried on for six years. Its special feature, he observos, is the encouragement it gives to gurus, and the absence of stagnation. No teacher can count on his stipend unless he shows good results, and those who are still unbalaried have every hope of rising if they devote themselves to their work. He thinks that the introduction of the system of inspecting gurus will prove Buccessful. He is further of the opinion that the people generally are taking increasing interest, even in this elementary education, and that the standard attained to is boing gradually raised. 163. Bankuru-Population. 1,041,752 ; primary grant raised from Rs. 13,000 to Rs. 16,000; expenditure Rs. 15,842, of which Rs. 2,014 were spent 58 upper primary schools, Rs. 180 on scholarships, Rs. 34 on music schools, and Rs. 257 on 9 girls' schools. The upper primaries were 63 with 816 pupils, against 58 with 907 pupils. Of these, four were circle grant schools. Aider lower primaries numbered 1,653 with 28,707 pupils, against 1,691 with 30,869 pupils of the preceding year; tho decreaso is attributed to the prevalenco of fever. The chief-guru system was at work in the district. Tho Sub-Inspectors paid 663 visits in situ to tho lower primaries. Of the boys of a school-going ago one in 2-5 is at school. The reward examinations were held at 55 centros, at which 12,177 pupils from 1,006 patshalas attended. These central eximinations were beld in the presence of the Magistrate, the Assistant Inspector, the Sub-Divisional Officer, or the Deputy Inspector. Of the pupils examined, 2,196 from 071 schools received prizes. The gurus were rewarded at one to two annus for every prize-winuing boy, and at Rs. 4, 3, or 2 for every pupil passing the lower primary scholarship examination in the 1st, 2nd or 3rd division. At the upper primary scholarship examination 110 pupils appeared from 40 schools, and were successful. At the lower primary scholarship examination 198 schools sent up 1,099 pupils, of whoin 321 were successful. 164. Bcerbhonm.- Population, 794,428; primary grant Rs. 8,000; exponditure Rs. 7,996, of which Rs. 60 wero spent on one middle school, Rs. 1,371 on 32 upper primary schools, and Rs. 239 on special grants to Sonthal schools. Upper primaries were 44 with 1,115 pupils, against 49 with 1,372 of the previous year. Eight of these wcro grunt-in-aid schools and four wero unaidod. Aided lower primaries numbered 554 with 12,776 pupils, against 514 with 12,237. Unaided schools were nine with 157 pupils. The sub-inspectors paid 446 visits in situ to the lower primaries. Of the boys of a school-going age one is 3:6 is at school. The reward examinations wero held at 20 centres, and 980 candidates from 205 schools appeared, and 401 were successful. At the upper primary scholarship examination 48 candidates appeared from 20 schools, and 35 were successful. At the lower primary scholarship examination 1,199 candidates were sent up from 336 schools, and 267 were successful. 165. Midnapore.-.-Population, 2,517,802; prinary grant raised from Rs. 30,000 to Rs. 32,000, in addition to Rs. 5,165 from the Estates' Improvement Fund; expenditure Rs. 30,992, of which Rs. 4,072 wero spent on stipends to gurus and Rs. 561 on special grants. The upper primaries were 98 with 3,112 pupils, against 72 with 2,198 of the year before. Of these five wero grant-in-aid schools, and 12 circle fund schools, and three were unaided. Aided lower primaries were 4,016 with 72,570 pupils, against 3,735 with 66,792. Unaided schools were 297 with 4,516 pupils The Sub-Inspectors paid 2,070 visits in situ to tho lower primaries. Of the boys of a school. going age one in 2.2 is at school. The reward examinations were held at 125 centres, at which 25,274 boys and 731 girls from 3,968 patshalas attended. The number passed by the higher standard was 2,815 boys and 24 girls. By the second standard 12,712 boys and 337 girls passed. At the upper primary scholarship examination 48 schools sent up 137 candidates, of whom 99 were successful. At the lower primiry scholarship examination 1,724 pupils from 521 schools competed, and 579 were successful. The following observations made by Mr. R. H. Wilson, the District Magistrate, are interesting : Having devoted considerable attention to the subject (patshala statistics) during the past year, I have been driven to the con- Clusion that the statistics yearly furnished regarding the progress of primary education are almost entirely valueless, and that a very considerable part ·50 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR PRIMARY BDOCATIOX, of the primary education grant has hitherto been spent in such a way as to Becure no corresponding benefit, groat or small.* The statistics of sohools and scholars are of course only valuable as showing how many children are, as a matter of fact, receiving primary education, and the statistics annually submitted do not furnish trustworthy information on this point, because some of the patshalas which competo at sub-centre examinations, are only opened for a few weeks, because many of the gurus are quite incapable of imparting any useful instruction, and becauso there is no reason for supposing that the roturns submitted by gurus of the average monthly roll number, and average daily attendance, are correct. Our system is supposed to be one of payment by results; but as it has hitherto been worked, the rewards granted have not been distributed at all strictly in accordance with the educational results attained.* * * Not only is there no uniform standard of proficiency at different sub-centre examinations, but the great object being to encourage all comers to swell the figures in the returns, different standards of proficiency bave bocn applied to difforent schools at one and the same examination, and no guru as a rule, however incompetent, has been allowed to go away empty: handed. * * I am disposed to think that when we give up the pursuit of grand totals and ondeavour to uniforin the quality of primary education, we shall not, at all events for tho noxt year or two, have more than about 2,500 schools to deal with. When useless pathshalas, in existence only for a few months or wooks, and teaching nothing at all, disappear froin cur lists, it will be much easier to provide for the inspection in situ of those which will remain." These remarks evidently have a much wider application than appears at first sight to be the case. 166. Fluoghly.- Population, 1,012,768; primary grant raised from Rs. 10,000 to Rs. 13,832; expendituro Rs. 13,832, of which Rg. 3,152 were spent on 74 upper primary schools, Rs. 643 on maps and black-boards, and Rs. 152 on patshala houses. Aided upper primarios were 93 with 3,414 pupils, against 49 with 1,713 pupils, of the year before. Aided lower primaries numbered 1,414 with 26,403 pupils, against 1,371 with 26,113. There were also 10 unaided schools with 78 pupils. Six of theso are grant-in-aid schools. The Sub-Inspectors paid 925 visits in silu to the lower primaries. Of the boys of a school.going ago in 1.9 is at school. At the reward examinations, which were held at 52 centres, 7,959 pupils competed from 809 schools, and 3,983 gainod prizes. At the upper primary scholarship examination 81 candidates appeared from 34 schools, and 59 were successful. At the lower primary scholarship examination 191 schvols sent 728 candidates, of whom 275 were successful. Tho Magistrate, Mr. Wyer, obscrves that the fears expressed by some of tho Sub-Inspoctors that the discontinuance of tiffin money would reduce the number of pupils that came to the central examination have altogether pussed away, and it is quite cloar that tiffin money had nothing to do with tho attendance of pupils at those examinations. 167. Howrah.--Population, 635,381; primary grant raised from Rs. 5,000 to Rs. 6,500; exponditure Rs 6,273, of which Rs. 793 were spent on 14 upper primaries and Rs. 154 on maps and books supplied to them. Upper primaries nun, berod 20 with 94.1 pupils, against 13 with 638 pupils of the year before. Lower primaries were 524 with 15,530 pupils, against 410 with 12,442. The Sub-Inspectors paid 387 visits in situ to the lower primaries. Of the boys of a school-going age one in 2-2 is at school. At the reward examinations, which were held at 22 contres, 4,062 were examined and 2,219 were successful. The rewards to the gurus were Rs. 2 and Re. 1 for a boy passed by the higher, and eight annas for a boy passed by the lower standard. The rates were double in the case of girls. At the upper primary scholarship examination 26 candidates wore sent up from 10 schools, and 21 were successful. At the lower primary scholarship examination 116 schools sent 329 candidates, and 136 were successful. 168. RAJSHAHYE DIVISION.-Of the boys of school-going ago one in 7-8 is at school. The total number of primary schools for boys rose from 1,851 to 2,168, and their pupils from 49,407 to 60,679. Upper primaries were 229 with 7,804 pupils, against 200 with 7,025 pupils of the preceding year. Lower primaries increased from 1,651 with 42,382 pupils to 2,168 with 62,875 one ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUOTION, PRIMARY EDUCATION pupils. The largest increase is in Rungpur, and Rajshahye comes next. All the other districte also show a gain both in schools and in pupils. The system of payment by results is now in operation in all the districts of the division, except Darjeeling, and it is to the satisfactory working of the system in Rungpore and Rajshahye that the increase in the number of schools and of pupils is, mainly due. 169. Dinagepore.- Population, 1,514,346 ; primary grant Rs. 13,000; expenditure Rs. 12,888, of which Rs. 536 were spent on 18 uppor primary schools And Rs. 1,875 on the salaries and allowances of two Sub-Inspectors of Schools. Upper primary schools were 18 with 552 pupils, against cight with 178 pupils. The lower primaries numbered 545 with 12,691 pupils, against 478 with 10,825. The Sub-Inspectors paid 2,025 visits in situ to the lower primaries. Of the boys of school-going age ono in 8 is at school. At the upper primary scholarship examination 16 candidates from nino schools competed, and eight. were successful. At the lower primary scholarship examination 94 schools sent up 258 pupils, and 65 of them were successful. There aro three standards of examination for rewards, and no guru can receive a reward a second time for passing a boy in the samo standard. The rates of rewards for passing boys in the throe standards are, rospectively six annas, 12 annas, aud one rupee. The rewards are doubled for virls. The Magistrate, Mr. Tute, observes that on the whole education seems to have improved, but it is still very backward, which ho fears must be expocted to be the case for some time to come. The Deputy Inspector says that professional gurumohusoys are unknown in the district, and that the gurus are chiofly recruited from a class of men who are trained in indigenous patslialas. 170. Rajshahye.- Population, 1,338,6:38 ; primary grant Rs. 12,000; expenditure Rs. 11,984, of which Rs. 65 were spent on one middlo, and Rs. 1,427 on 32 upper primary schools. Upper primaries rose from 31 to 33, but their pupils declined from 1,159 to 1,15). Lower primaries advanced froin 264 with 7,892 to 479 with 12,574 pupils. The Sub-Inspectors' paid 956 visits in situ to the lower primaries. Of the boys of school-going age ono in 6 is at school. The system of payment by results was in operation throughout the district, only 33 stipendiary patshalas being retained to serve as models to the others. Examinations were held every four months in the patshala subjects of instruction, and the gurus earned on an average about Rs. 2 a month. At the upper primary scholarslıip examination 62 eandidates appeared from 29 schools, and 29 were successful. At the lower primary scholarship examination 130 schools sent up 299 candidates, of whom 144 were successful. 171. Rungpore.-Population, 2,097,964 ; primary grant Rs. 15,000, the whole of which was expended. Upper primary schools cost Rs. 2,425. Uppor primarios rose from 35 with 1,625 pupils to 60 with 1,812 pupils. Two of these were grant-in-aid schools. The lower primaries were 561 with 11,887 pupils, against 318 with 7,448. The Sub-Inspectors paid 412 visits in situ to the lower primaries. Of the boys of school-going age one in 9:4 is at school. At the upper primary scholarship exumination 61 candidates appeared from 33 schools, and 20 of them were successful. At the lower primary scholarship examination_616 candidates were sent up from 183 schools, and 128 were successful. The syslom in forco was as follows :-Every primary school attended by at least 10 boys was registered as open to Gov. ernment inspection, and eligible to compete for rewards. Rupees 300 wero set apart as rewards to the children of agriculturists, day-labourers, and other working people, who should successfully pass the lower primary scholarship examination, and three standards of examination were fixed. The rates of rewards were, respectively Re. 1-8, Re. 1-6, and Re. 1 4, and in the case of girls were doublod. 172. Bogra.-Population, 734,358; primary grant raised from Rs. 3,500 to Rs. 5,000; expenditure Rs. 4,032, of which Rs. 55 wero spent ou ono "middle and Rs. 998 on 19 upper primary schools. The upper primaries roso from 21 to 22, and their pupils from 706 to 815. Three of these were grautin-aid schools. Lower primaries advanced from 109 with 3,317 pupils to 148 with 4,143 pupils. The Sub-Inspectors paid 622 visits in situ to tho lower primaries. Of the boys of school-going age one in 8.4 is at school. G 2 ·52 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR PRINARY EDUCATION. At the upper primary scholarship examination 46 candidates competed from 19 schools, and 18 were successful. At the lower primary scholarship examination 59 schools sent up 160 candidates, of whom 81 were successful. In Bogra, the schools were partly stipendiary and partly re. warded at half-yearly examinations. The Magistrate, Mr. Livesay, is of opinion that the number of schools is still too small to meet the requirements of the district. It remains to be seen whether all the existing patshalas have been brought on our books. 173. Pubna.- Population, 1,311,728; primary grant raised from Rs. 9,500 to Rs. 10,000; expenditure Rs. 9,491, of which Rs. 312 were spent on six middle and Rs. 2,349 on 62 upper primary schools. The upper primaries advanced from 57 with 2,441 pupils to 68 with 2,392 pupils. Three of these were grant-in-aid schools. Lower primaries were 273 with 8,032 pupils, against 225 with 0,973. The Sub Inspectors paid 370 visits in situ' to the lower primaries. Of the boys of school-going age one in 6-9 is at school. At the upper primary scholarship examination 138 pupils competed from 50 schools, and 63 were successful. At the lower primary scholarship examination 121 schools sont 341 pupils, of whom 76 were successful. The stipends were reduced to provide monoy for rewards, and two standards of examination for rewards were sanctioned. Each boy passing by the higher standard earned for his guru Rs. 3; the lower standard carried rewards of Re. 1-8 for each passed pupil. The rates were double for girls. 174. Darjeeling ---Population, 155,179 ; primary grant Rs. 1,200; expenditurc Rs.1,030, all spent in 25 lower primary schools. Upper primarios numbered 11 with 490 pupils, all aided from the graut-in-aid fund, and the lower primaries were 26 with 633 pupils. No pupils competed for upper primary scholarships, but three of the Terai patshalas sent seven pupils to the lower primary scholarship examination, of whom only two passed. Of the boys of school. going age ono in 9 is at school. The Deputy Commissioner, Mr. Waco, strongly points out the necessity of liaving the Terai schools more frequently inspected The schools under the Scotch Mission, under Mr. Turnbull, are reported to be progressing. There are 14 schools attached to Buddhist monasteries in the district, with an average attendance of about 10 boys; the largest school having 20, and the smallest five. The education imparted is chiefly of a religious character; forms of Buddhist worship are also taught. They pay no foos while studying, but when thcir education is completed, they pay to the Llamas a lump sum, varying from Rs. 30 to Rs. 100, according to their circumstances. In the Kalimpong sub-division, they hold a little land rent-free round their monasterios, and they understand that they are expected to educate boys in return for thic grant. Mr. Wace fears that it will bo long before these Llamas are of any value to the Department as teachers. 175. Jalpaiguri.- Population, 581,562 ; primary grant Rs. 6,490, including contributions from the Estates Improvenient Fund; expenditure Rs. 6,506, of which Rs. 787 wero spent on 11 upper primary schools. Upper primaries numbered 17 with 562 pupils. The lower primaries were 83 (aided) with 1,789 pupils and 53 unaided with 1,126 pupils, the total number of schools being 130 and of pupils 2,915. The Sub-Inspector paid 64 visits in silu to the lower primaries. Of the boys of school-going age one in 9.5 is at school. At the upper primary scholarship examination 26 pupils competed from 10 schools, and 15 were successful. At the lower primary scholarship examination 43 schools sent 112 candidates, of whom 31 were successful; rewards of Rs. 4 and Rs. 2 wero given, respectively for each boy passing the upper and the lower primary scholarship examination. 176. DACCA Division.-Of the boys of school-going age one in 3.2 is at school. The total number of primary schools for boys has advanced from 3,545 with 87,481 pupils to 8,316 with 177,939 pupils. Uppor primaries rose from 211 withi 8,679 pupils to 223 with 9,098 pupils. Of these threo were Government, six were grant-in-aid, and 16 woro circle grant schools, and three were unaided. Lower primaries increased from 3,331 with 78,811 pupils to 8,093 with 108,811 pupils. Of these, five wero Government, and nine were circle grant schools, and 451 were unaided. The system of payment by results has been in full swing in all the districts, and the increase exhibited has sur. + ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 53 PRINARI EDUCATION. 14 passed the most sanguine expectations of those who had anything to do with the division before.. 177. Dacca. Population, 2,116,350 ; primary grant raised from Rs. 14,000 to Rs. 21,977 ; expendituro Rs. 22,547,* of which Rs. 2,212 were spent on 15 middle, Rs. 1,409 on 31 upper primary, and Rs. 1,719 on 135 girls' schools. The upper primaries for boys declined from 42 to 39, and their pupils from 1,531 to 1,272. Of those, 13 were circle grant schools. The lower primaries roso from 913 with 23,819 pupils to 2,300 with 46,059 pupils. Of these last, six were circlo grant schools, and one was unaided. Tho Sub- Inspectors visited in situ only 624 of the lower primaries. Of the boys of schoolgoing age one in 2:6 is at school. Tliero were also 30 putshalas, 64 tols, and 29 makhtabs, with an aggregate number of 2,504 pupils. At the reward examinations 30,261 pupils from 2,037 schools presonted themselves. The examination centres wero 170, and at each centre there was & Board of Examiners, consisting of teachers of local schools, punchayets, and others, with the local guru as Secretary. The Secretary performed all the functions, except inspection, and his remuneration was in no caso to exceed Rs. 20. There wero four standards of examination, but no guru could earn under the rulos more than Rs. 36 per annum. Rewards for stability were also awarded after examination of attendanco registors, and on production of cortificates of existence from village punchayets. All cash payments to pupils, with the exception of tiffin money, and a fow special prizes, are now abolished. At the upper primary scholarship examination 47 pupils from upper primary schools appeared, and 28 were successful : out of 306 candidates from schools of higher status, 181 were successful. At the lower primary scholarship examination there wero 179 candidates from lower primaries, of whom 149 wero successful. Schools of a higher status sent 18.9 candidates, of whom 59 wero successful. 178. Purrecdpore.--- Population, 1,631,734 ; primary grant Rs. 11,000, besides Rs. 1,020 from Estetos' Improvement Fund; expenditure Rs. 12,330, of which lis. 355 were spent on six middlo, Rs. 1,767 on 34 upper primary, and Rs. 1,219 on 67 girls' schools. Upper primaries for boys were 43 with 1,786 pupils, against 37 with 1,536 pupils. Of these, eight were circle grant schools. Lower primarios numbered 715 with 21,616 pupils, against 348 with 12,341 pupils. Of those, eight were circle grant schools. The Sub-Inspectors visited in situ only 575 of the lower primaries. Of the boys of school-going uge one in 4:1 is at school. There were also 30 patshalas, with 683 pupils, 42 tols with 391 pupils, and 31 makhtabs with 461 pupils. Thio stipendiary schools were six middle, 34 upper primary, and 207 lower primary schools, and 32 girls' schools, and the amount spent on them was Rs. 8,766. The reward examinations wero held at 116 centres, at which 8,213 boys from 524 schools were examined, of whom 5,193 passed by the different standards. The average amount earned by a guru was so low as Rs. 5-3-4. So long as the stipends absorb more than two-thirds of the district allotmont, the plea of shortness of funds locally urgod, in justification of the low rates of rewards paid, can hardly be accepted. Casli rewards to pupils still oxist in some shape or other. Rewards of Rs. 3, Rs. 2-8, and Rs. 2 wero paid to gurus of non-stipendiary schools for passing boys at the lower primary scholarship examination in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd divisions, respectively. The Deputy Inspector, while ascribing the large increase of schools to the important part played by the makhtabs, states that many of the patshalas aro scuson schools. At the upper primary scholarship examination 94 pupils appeared from upper primary schools, and 47 wore successful. Candidates from schools of a higher status numbered 74, of whom 39 passed. At the lower primary scholarship examination 595 candidates appoared from patshalas, and 314 wore successful. Schools of higher pretensions sent down 66 candidates, of whom 58 passed. 179. Backergunge.---Population, 1,900,899; primary grant raised from Rs. 14,000 to Rs. 17,000; expenditure Rs. 17,215, of which Rs. 676 were spent on 49 middle, Rs. 2,582 on 75 upper primary, and Rs. 227 on 13 girls' schools. Upper primaries were 82 with 3,569 pupils, against 76 with 3,311 pupils of the preceding year. Of these, four were grant-in-aid, and four circle grant • Escens expenditure met from the corrent year's grant, an irregular proceduro.

·54 RAPORT OF TE DIRECTOR 1 TRIMARY EDUCATION. schools. Lower primaries numbered 1,934 with 49,754 pupils, against 468 with 15,799 pupils. Seven of these were circle grant schools. It may be noted here that while last year there were 1,005 indigenous schools with 22,170 pupils, they have declined this year to 41 with 1,037 pupils, this circumstance shows that they have been bodily transferred to the head of primary schools. The Sub-Inspectors visited iú situ only 462 of the lower primaries. Of the boys of school-going age one in 2.5 is at school. The reward examinations were held at 154 centres, and 19,889 boys and 156 girls from 1,410 schools were examined at these centres. As the amount spent on stipends was Rs. 10,664 for 373 schools, the local officers found some difficulty in making payments on an equally liberal scale to the 1,600 other schools which had also claims on the district grant. All stipends to lowor primary schools should be stopped, as a first step towards the establishment of an equitable system of payment by results. The Inspector reports that a very serious case of fraud was discovered in the course of the examinations of the yoar. A guru holding a patshala in the sudder sub-division appeared with his pupils before the Sub-Inspector of Nulchiti, and earned rewards. He subsequently obtained rewards à second time from the sudder Sub-Inspector, when the fraud was found out; the Deputy Inspector investigatod the case and referrod it to the Magistrate for criminal prosecution. The result of tho proccodings instituted is not yet reported. At the upper primary scholarship examination 111 candidates from upper primary schools competed, and 34 were succossful. Out of 200 candidates from schools of higher pretensions 126 were successful. At the lower primary scholarship examination 662 primary school boys appeared, and 441 were passed. Out of 447 boys from schools of higher status, 322 passed. This passion for passing these lower examinations manifested by boys of superior schools is confined to the Eastern Circle. 180. Mymensingh.- Population, 3,051,966; primary grant raised from Rs. 13,000 to Rs. 24,171; expendituro Rs. 24,103, of which Rs. 933 were spent on 20 middle, Rs. 2,614 on 53 upper primary and Rs. 2,260 on 275 girls' schools. Upper primaries for boys were 59 with 2,471 pupils, against 50 with 2,292 pupils of the preceding year. Of these two were grant-in-aid and eight were circle grant schools. Lower primaries advanced from 1,605 with 26,819 pupils to 3,144 with 51,412 pupils. Eight of these were circle grant schools. The Sub-Inspectors visited in situ only 288 of the lower primaries, but the Magistrate, Mr. Waller, is satisfied that they were visited frequently enough by the mudel gurus, who had brought them on the register of existing patshalas. Of the boys of school-going ayo one in 4 is at school. No indigenous patshalas are reported. The advance made is remarkable, and is attributed by the Deputy Inspector to the registration of patshalas by 150 model gurus, who perform functions analogous to those of chief gurus, but whose reports do not appear to have as yet been verified to any lurgo oxtont after actual in. spection by the Sub-Inspectors of Schools. The amount spent on stipends was Rs. 10,000, and they woro enjoyed by 20 middle, 52 upper primary, 274 lower primary, and nino girls' schools There is no valid why 274 lower primaries should get fixed stipends while the bulk of the schools of the class should go without then. At any rate a large reduction of the stipends inust be effected to set free money for purposes of rewards. At the reward examinations held at centres, 7,950 pupils from 1,129 patshalas appeared, und 1,946 wore successful. Dr. Martin adds, "the Deputy Inspector claims that a very largo ingroase in the number of schools and pupils has taken place under this system, and the schools brought under this system are not merely entered in the yoarly examination returns, but “they are,' the Deputy Inspector says, ' registered, inspected, instructed, examined, and cared for throughout tho your.' This, however, is generally the case in every district.” It muay be added here that only about nine per cent of the lower primaries have been inspected in silu by tho Sub-Inspectors of Schools. At the upper primary scholarship examination 142 candidates appeared from upper primary schools, and 47 were successful. Out of 160 candidates from superior schools 71 passed. At the lower primary scholarship examination 1,046 candi: : datos appearod from lower primaries, of whom 432 were successful, Superior schools sent down 437 candidates, of whom 267 passed. reason ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. PRIMARY IDOCATION. 181. CHITTAGONG DIVIION.Of the boys of school-going age one" in 1.5 is at school. The system of payment by results is in forco in all the districts of the division. Upper primary schools for boys were 122 with 4,631"pupils, against 108 with 4,065 pupils of the preceding year. or these, three wero grant-in-aid schools, 31 circle grant schools, and three were unaided. Lower primaries advanced from 4,602 with 95,860 pupils to 7,350 with 153,357 pupils. Of those, three were Government schools in the Hill Tracts, nine cirolo schools, and 401 stipendiary primary grant schools. The increase of schools and scholars has been large, but according to the Joint-Inspector there is no ground for doubting the correctness of the returns submittod by the local officers. It may, howover, be noted here that out of 7,350 lower primaries returned from the division, only 951 wore inspected in situ by the Sub-Inspectors of Schools. The Joint-Inspector is, however, quite justified in remarking that " if any of the Sub-Inspectors have inflated their röturns by false entries of schools and pupils, it is very necessary that their cases should be brought to light.” “If on the other hand,” adds he, “the roturns filled by Sub-Inspectora are found to be genuino, and show a large actual increase in the number of schools and pupils, it is but fair that they and the Deputy Inspectors who superintended their operations, should have unreservedly the credit that may be judged due to them for energy in inducing the gurus and mlajis of indigenous patshalas and makhtabs to submit to the dopartmental examinations for primary fund rewards." 182. Chittagong.--Population, 1,132,311; primary grant raised from Rs. 8,000 to Rs. 14,741, including khas metal contribution; expenditure Rs. 13,349, of which Rs. 143 were spent on ono middle school, Rs. 1,102 on 16 upper primary schools, Rs. 406 on 11 girls' schools, and Rs. 270 on the salary of the Kyoung examiner. Upper primaries for boys declinod from 25 to 20, and their pupils from 1,127 to 906. Seven of those were circle schools. Lower primaries advanced from 751 with 19,506 pupils to 1,293 with 31,187 pupils. Three of these were circle schools. The Sub-Inspectors visited in situ only 268 of the lower primarios. Of the boys of school-going age one in 2 is at school. There were also 27 Kyoungs, one tol and 23 makhtabs, having an aggregato attendance of 945 pupils. At 77 examination centres 19,806 pupils from 1,196 schools were examined, and a sum of Rs. 6,554 was paid to the gurus as rewards. Tho amount expended on stipendiary schools was Rs. 5,308. Of 128 candidates from 37 schools of different classes, 71 were successful at the upper primary scholarship, examination. At the lower primary scholarship examination 445 candidates were sont up from 140 schools of different classes. Of these 270, including two girls, were successful. 183. Noakholly - Population, 820,772; primary grant raised from Rs. 9,000 to Rs. 15,695, including contribution from khas mohal fund; assignment from wards' estates Rs. 113; expendituro Rs. 15,755, of which Rs. 1,34* wero spent on two middle and 27 upper primary schools, and Rs. 466 on 59 girls' schools. The upper primaries wero 29 with 1,143 pupils, against 11 with 466 pupils of the preceding year. Eleven of these wore circle schools, and one was aided from the grant-iu-aid fund. The lower primaries for boys numbered 1,821 with 39,298 pupils, against 1,286 with 27,434 pupils. Two of these woro circle schools. The Sub-Inspectors visited in situ only 281 of the lower primaries. Of the boys of school-going age one in l.4 is at school, There were also 28 patshalas, five tols, and 129 makhtabs attended by 2,695 pupils in all. The number of stipendiary schools aided from the primary grant rose from 109 to 128. The reward examinations were held at 123 centres, and the number of pupils examined was 21,062 from 1,720 schools. Of these 829 were makhtabs. It appears that the pupils were paid in cash Rs. 880-a most objectionablo practice. Of 105 candidates sent up from 30 schools of different classes, 68 were successful at the uppor primary scholarship examination. At the lower primary scholarship examination 582 candidates were sent up from 157 schools of all classes. Of theso 389, including nine girls, were successful. Mr. Cooke, the Magistrate, reforring to the large increase of schools, says: .6. Such an increase in the number of schools and • Eroluding the Chittagong IIW Tracts.

·56 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR TRIMARY WDUCATION, pupils will go on for a few years to come, till the natural limit is attained." Taking the malo population of the district at 415,248, and 15 per cent of this number as the number of boys of school-going age, it is found that we have already at school 43,549 out of 62,286, or about 70 per cent Noakholly, therefore, at its present rate of expansion, may be expected shortly to return every child of school.going age as already at school, a condition of things hardly realized in more advanced countries than Bengal. 184. l'ipperah.- Population, 1,519,338; primary grant raised from Rs. 14,000 to Rs. 23,773, including khas melial contribution ; expenditure Rs. 23,303, of which Rs. 534 were spent on 17 middle, Rs. 1,629 on 69 upper primary, Rs. 974 on 105 girls' schools, Rs. 1,558 on inspecting pundits, Rs. 886 on superintending gurus, and Rs. 60 on money-ordors. The upper primaries for boys advanced from 72 with 2,472 pupils to 73 with 2,482 pupils. Thirteen of these were circle schools and two were aided from the grant-in-aid fund. The lower primaries increased from 2,622 with 49,322 pupils to 4,233 with 82,807 pupils. Four of those were circle schools. The Sub-Inspectors visited in situ 402 of tho lower primaries. Of the boys of school-going age one in 1.3 is at school. In other words, 77 boys out of every 100 are already reported to be at school. No indigenous schools are reported. Stipendiary schools wero roducod from 272 to 231, and the money set free for rewards. At 151 centros 60,167 pupils from 4,183 schools were examined, and of these 43,576 passed, and earned rewards for their teachers. Altogether the sum of Rs. 15,051 was distributed as rewards, of which Rs. 13,119 were paid to gurus and miajis, each of whom reccived Rs. 3-2 on an average. Books to the value of Rs. 1,932 were distributed among the best pupils. Of 231 candidates sent up from 37 schools of different classos, 71 were successful at the upper primary scholarships examination. At the lower primary scholarship examination 445 candidates were sent up from 140 schools of differout classes. Of these 270, including two girls, were successful. Mr. J. A. Hopkins the District Magistrate, thus comments on the increase that has taken place in the number of schools and pupils, and the difficulty that is felt in supervising them "I am not quite satisfiód that all these schools are essential to the oducational requirments of the district. The nunıber of schools gives one school to every 400 of tho population; of these, say 200 aro females; this gives, leaving out fornale education, one school to every 200 of the malo population. The male population of school-going age is not more than 20 per cent, if much. Again, considering the matter from a gengraphical point of view, and taking the area of the district at 2,000 square miles, oxclusive of bheels and jungle, thero are two schools to every squaro mile. From this point of view, I think, there is a possibility that there is waste of power, and that many of these schools aro ill-attended and located injuriously near to ouch other. The inspecting agency will have their attention called to this, for it appears to me that the payment-by-results system may be overdono." Mr. Hopkins has arrived at the conclusion that if the schools word reduced by one-half no harmı could be done. Again, he writos.--"The nuinber of schools will not require further increase; in fact the inspecting agency should consider my remarks, and endeavour to liscourage any further development in this direction." 185. PATNA DIVISION.-Of the boys of school-going age one in 6.9 is at school. The chief-guru system continues in forco in the division, but the rates of rowards in tho different districts have been fixed with reference to local circumstances and requirements. Tho number of uppor primary schools remains 248, as in the preceding year, but their pupils have increased froin 8,459 to 9,188. The lower primaries have advanced from 9,933 with 111,607 pupils to 11,039 with 122,674 pupils. This increase is shared by all the districts except Darblıunga, which shows a marked falling off. The largest share of the increaso was in Gya, where a large number of indigenous schools has been transferred to the primary class. Tho indigenous schools numbered 1,698 with 15,310 pupils, against 1,628 with 12,252 of the preceding 186. Patna.-- Population, 1,756,856 ; primary grant raised from Rs. 14,000 to Rs. 19,000); expenditure Rs. 14,360, of which Rs. 5,073 were spent on 26 middle and 69 upper primary schools, and Rs. 43 on one girls' school. The 60 year.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 67 PRIXARY ADUCATION, . aided upper primaries were 60 with 2,405 pupils, against 57 with 1,798 pupils of the preceding year. The aided' lower primaries numbered 1,793* with 22,432 pupils, against 1,583 with 19,642 pupils. There were also 358 unaided schools with 3,798 pupils. The Sub-Inspectors paid 1,111 visits in situ to the lower primaries. Of the boys of school-going age one in 3.9 is at school. The number of stipendiary primary schools was nino. The district is divided into 64 chief gurus' circles. The Deputy Inspector examined 4,992 pupils from 440 schools, at central gatherings. Each guru who passos the middle vernacular scholarship examination receives a reward of Rs. 12, and each guru who passes the upper primary scholarship examination receives Rs. 8. Four gurus and two miajis passed the middle and ono guru tho upper primary scholarship examination. Mr. Grierson, the Officiating Magistrato, remarks that, the rates of several kinds of rewards were raised with a view to induco gurus to discover patshalas previously not known, and that rewards for attracting girls to school wero under consideration. The chief-guru system,” says Mr. Grierson, 66 worked well during the year. It was opposod by one Sub- Divisional Officer, but hisviews were not supported by the Magistrate. Two girls for the first time passed the primary scholarship examination. Of 63 candidatos from 34 schools, 25 were successful at the upper primary scholarship examination. At the lower primary scholarship examination 2,898 candidates woro sent from 457 schools, and 2,238 were successful. 187. Gya.- Population, 2,124,682; primary grant raised from Rs. 12,500 to Rs. 12,866; expenditure Rs. 12,047, of which Rs. 3,143 wero spent on one middle and Fo upper primary schools. Upper primaries numbered 61 with 2,357 pupils, against 57 with 2,221. Aided lower primaries were 1,414 with 16,300 pupils, against 875 with 12,190 pupils of the preceding year. The Sub-Inspectors visited in situ 688 of the lower primaries. Of the boys of school-going age one in 6.5 is at school. No unaided schools aro returned. Stipendiary schools were 61. There are 52 chief gurus. The Deputy Inspector examined 8,679 pupils from 487 schools at contral gatherings. At the upper primary scholarship cxamination 145 candidates from 53 schools appeared, and 85 were successful. Out of 1,609 candidates sent up from 415 schools to the lower primary scholarship examination, 440 were successful. 188. Shahabad.-Population, 1,964,909; prinary grant raised from Rs. 12,000 to Rs. 13,270, the whole of whiclı was expended. Of this, Rs. 418 were spent on four middle, Rs. 2,182 on 25 upper primary, and Rs. 101 on five girls' schools. The upper primaries have declined from 45 with 1,295. pupils to 25 with 866 pupils; tho reason assiguod for this falling off is that the gurus discontinued teaching the upper primary course, as they got no rewards for passing boys at this examination, while at the lower primary examination a boy who passed carned one rupee for his guru. The Magistrate has now permitted rewards to be given for success at the upper primary examination too. The aided primaries were 1,208 with 14,965 pupils, against 1,001 with 11,081 pupils. Unaided schools numbered 136 with 1,187 pupils; there were no stipendiary primaries. Tho Sub-Inspectors paid 770 visits in situ to the lower primaries. Of the boys of school-going ago ono in 6:6 is at school. The 'district is parcellod out among fifty-one chief guus. At the upper primary scholarship examination 41 candidates from 22 schools competed, and 25 were successful. At the lower primary scholarship exami. nation 4,809 candidates from 485 schools competed, and 1,594 were successful. The Deputy Inspector examined 20,874 pupils from 1,600 schools at central gatherings. The Magistrate, Mr. Nolan, says.--" It may be said that the system of payment by results has been a complete success, fulfilling the expectations of those who introduced it. * * * What wo did hope was that the rewards distributed would improve the character of oxisting institutions by creating competition, bringing the pupils together for examination, and giving to the teachers a pecuniary intorest in the progress of their boys. These results have been attained." 189. Sarun.-- Population, 2,280,382 ; primary grant Rs. 13,000; expondi. ture Rs. 9,243, of which Rs. 136 were spent on two middle, Rs. 1,332 on 20 upper primary, and Rs. 106 on three girls' schools. Tho upper primaries numbered 20 with 726 pupils, against 18 with 534 pupils. The aided lower primaries were 1,279 with 13,891 pupils, against 1,188 with 13,413 pupils of ; 6 ·58 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR - PRINARY .DUOATION. the preceding year. Unaided schools were 122 with 826 pupils, The Sub- Inspectors paid 1,048 visits in situ to the lower primaries. Of the boys of schools-going age one in 8.6 is at school. There was only one stipendiary primary school. The district is divided into 80 sub-circles, each under a chief guru. At the upper primary scholarship examination 42 pupils com. peted from 15 schools, and 29 were successful. At the lower primary scholarship examination 2,035 candidates appeared from 522 schools, and 628 were uccessful. The Deputy Inspector examined 12,431 pupils from 1,452 school at central gatherings. The Magistrate, Mr. Quinn, looks upon the increase of the number of chief gurus from 43 to 80 as a decided step in advance. It is intended that the chief gurus should romain the only gurus in receipt of stipenda, but at present it is deemed nocossary, in order to support schools in backward parts of tho district, to give small stipends to teachers of ordinary patshalas. The Magistrate believos that the system has worked well, and that the largé savings offected during tho year may enable him to give rewards on a more liberal scale in future. 190. Chumparun.--Population, 1,721,608; primary grant raised from Rs. 0,500 to Rs. 12,000; expenditure Rs. 9,993, of which Rs. 2,033 were spent on 33 upper primary schools, and Rs. 155 on one girls' school. The upper primaries wero 34 with 1,393 pupils, against 36 with 1,261 pupils. Aided lower primaries numbered 1,203 with 12,104 pupils, against 930 with 7,576 of the preceding year. Unaided lower primarics numbered 229 with 997 pupils. There were no stipendiary lower primaries. The Sub-Inspectors paid 719 visits in situ to tho lower primaries. Of the boys of school-going age one in 8.6 is at school. There were were 35 chief gurus in the district. At the upper primary scholarship examination 60 candidutos appeared from 27 schools, and 33 were successful. Of 932 candidates from 282 schools, 185 passed the lower primary scholarship examination. The Deputy Inspector'examined 2,878 pupils from 212 schools at contral gatherings. Mr. Henry, the Magistrate, considers the results of the year's working as satisfactory, and says that it has been found possible to start a large number of now patshalas in localities where the people have given marked indication of their desire to have schools brought within casy distance of their hornos. Mr. Henry thinks that the peopla take a practical interest in patshalas, and that it may hereafter be found possible to with Iraw Government subsidy from many schools and employ them in now localities. He complains of the inefficiency of the gurus. At the central gatherings held, lie allowed the spectators to put questions to the boys assembled; the rosult being that “they seemed to realize moro vividly what tho outcome of our teaching was likely to be, by hearing their own putwaris put questions about arcas of fields, prices of grain, &c., to the boys." 191. Mozufſcrpore.- Population, 2,592,060 ; primary grant raised from Rs. 15,000 to Rs. 10,108; expenditure Rs. 12,612, of which Rs. 760 were spent on 12 upper primary schools; these 12 upper primaries had 388 pupils, against 360 pupils in 10 schools in the previous year. Aided lower primaries were 2,826 with 23,140 pupils, against 2,785 with 20,805 pupils. There was one unaided patslala with 28 pupils. The number of stipendiary lower primaries was 12. The Sub-Inspectors paid 1615 visits in situ to the lower primaries. Of tho boys of school-going age one in 7:3 is at school. The number of chief gurus has been raised from 46 to 100. Under the new rules boys are no longer allowed tiffin money for attending examination centres; and whilo in most other districts the Deputy Inspectors conduct reward examinations in Mozufferporo this duty is performed by the Sub-Inspectors. At the upper primary scholarship examination 18 pupils from 11 schools compet. ed, and 14 were successful. At the lower primary scholarship examination, 604 candidates appeared from 219 schools, and 312 were successful. The Deputy Inspector examined 6,079 pupils from 1,833 schools at central gatherings. "Mr. Nurman, tho Magistrato, quotes two of his Sub-Divisional Officers in support of tho view that education has not only not been improved, but has actually deteriorated during the year, and ho is himself of the opinion that the people take little or no interest in education. He has extended the chiefguru system exporimentally and proposed revised rates of rewards to gurus for each boy whom they nay pass, and he hopes that the benefit of these ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 69 PRIXART NDUOANON. reforms will manifest itself during the current year. He adds, "I have not been satisfied with either the working or the results of the system hitherto in force." It will be remembered that Mr. Norman joined the district during the year under report, and that he awaits the results of the changes introduced into the existing system. 192. Durbhunga.- Population, 2,633,447; primary grant raised from Rs. 14,000 to Rs. 15,125; expenditure Rs. 14,858, of which Rs. 528 wore spent on seven middle, Rs. 2,014 on 27 upper primary, and Rs. 75 on three girls' schools. The upper primaries numbered 27 with 1,053 pupils, against 26 with 984 pupils of the previous year. Aided lower primaries were 470 with 13,006 pupils, against 708 with 16,729 pupils of the year before. The Assistant Inspector accounts for the decrease by the circumstance that tho grants to several inferior schools woro discontinued for want of funds; but as it appears that the Deputy Inspector exemiuod 758 patshalas at central gatherings, the presumption is that the patuhalas exist, though they have not been returned for somo reason or other. There were 110 stipendiary patshalas. The Sub-Inspectors paid 020 visits in situ to tho lower prinarios. Of the boys of school-going age one in 8.4 is at school. The number of chief gi" was 39. At the upper primary scholarship examination 43 pupils competed from 25 schools, and 10 were successful. At the lowor primary scholarship examination 976 pupils appeared from 262 schools, and 443 Wore successful. Thu Deputy Inspector examined 11,306 pupils from 768 schools at central gatherings. 193. BHAGULPORC DivisION.-Of the boys of school-going ayo one in 6.8 is at school. The total number of primary schools declined from 7,50% to 7,464, but their pupils increased from 81,813 to 82,619. The loss in the number of schools and pupils is confined to the Bhagulpore district, Monghyr and Purneah showing considerable iucrcase, and Maldab and the Sonthal Pergunnahs remaining almost stationary. The low outturn of Bhagulporo is ascribed to the circumstance that the Soopolo sub-division returnod only 496 schools, against 1,029 of the previous yoar. This was according to the Assistant Inspector, in all probability the result of the combination of the following circumstances :-(1) The embezzloment case brought against Sub- Inspector Moula Buksh was followed by the issue of orders from the local authorities to stop giving rewards to the gurus for the returns they had submitted the year bofore; (2) the police and subsequent judicial onquiries instituted in the caso of Moula Buksli were deemed to be so harassing that many people of the sub-division seem to have made up their minds, at least for the present, to disconnect their village schools with the supervision which led to such troubles to themselves and their childron. The Assistant Inspector thinks, however, that within a short time the people will forget their troubles, especially when under the system of local self-government they will be ablo to appeal to their village authorities for help. The upper primaries roso from 254 with 8,662 pupils to 3:22 with 10,945. Lower primaries declined from 7,250 with 73,151 pupils to, 7,142 with 71,704 pupils. The causes of the decline have already been referred to. Tho system of examination of patshala gurus by the departmental standards was attended with the following results :- Six gurus passed the middle vernacular and fivo the upper primary scholarship examination in all the subjects, six passed the middle examination in four subjects, 11 in three subjocts, 45 in two subjects, and. 97 in one subject only. Two passed the uppor primary examination in threu subjects, three in two subjects, and 10 in one subject. 194. Monghyr.–Population, 1,969,774; primary grant raised from Rs. 13,000 to Rs. 17,000; the whole of which was expended. Of this sum Rs. 6,278 were spent on 156 upper primary and four girls schools. The upper primaries rose from 111 with 3,963 pupils to 156 with 5,199; they were all aided from the primary fund. Lower primarios advanced from 2,582 with 24,770 pupils to 2,644 with 25,418 pupils. The Sub-Inspectors paid 1,453 visits in situ to the lower primarius. Of the boys of school-going ago ono in 4.5 is at school. The number of chief gurus had increasod from 48 to 88. The Deputy Inspector examined 14,859 pupils from 1,166 patshalas at 57 centres, and 8,224 boy's obtained prizes; the Magistrate was prodent at soven of these gatherings. The Assistant Inspector examined 1,325 ' 2 ·60 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR PRIMART DUCATION. pupils from 88 patsbalas, of whom 389 obtained prizes. At the upper primary scholarship examination 150 candidates appeared from 79 schools, and 45 were Successful Of 2,689 candidates from 834 schools at the lower primary scholarship examination, 1,384, including nine Sonthals, were successful. There were altogether 790 Sonthals in the schools of the district. 195. Bhagulpore.-Population, 1,966,158; primary grant Rs. 13,000; expenditure Rs. 12,793, of which Rs. 8,301 were spont on one middle, 102 upper primary, and three girls' schools. The upper primaries rose from 92 with 2,797 pupils to 102 with 3,104 pupils; they were all aided. The lower primaries doclined from 2,672 to 2,247, and their pupils from 17,718 to 14,732. The Sub-Inspectors paid 744 visits in situ to the lower primaries. Of the boys of school-going age ono in 7.5 is at school. There were 92 chict gurus. Only 7,268 pupils from 744 schools were examined at 25 centres. At the upper primary scholarship examination lll candidates were sent from 58 schools, and 39 were successful. Of 690 candidates from 165 schools, 27 passed the lower primary scholurship examination ; the bad result is attributed to the introduction of the subject of sanitary primer, in which most candidates were rejected. Of 481 Sonthals that attended schools 383 were in Banka and 98 in the sudder sub-division. 196. Purneah.--Population, 1,848,687; primary grant Rs. 10,000; expenditure Rs. 8,322, of which Rs. 1,059 were spent on two middle and 15 upper primary schools, and a girls' patshala, Upper primaries rose from seven with 254 pupils to 15 with 587 pupils. Lower primarics advanced from 752 with 9,314 pupils to 1,020 with 11,632 pupils. The Sub-Inspectors paid 1,623 visits in situ to the lower primaries. Of the boys of school-going age one in 10.9 is at school. The number of chief gurus is 55. At 34 centres 6,649 pupils from 625 schools were examined, and 2,919 pupils obtained prizes. Eleven of these gatherings wero examined by the Sub-Divisional Officers, one by the Assistant Inspector, 22 by the Deputy Inspector, with whom in some casos the Sub-Divisional Officers wero associated, besides these the Commissioner and the Magistrate also hold central oxaminations, but of these no statistics were taken. At the upper .primary scholarship examina. tion 63 pupils from 18 schools competed, and 17 were successful. At the lower primary scholarship examination 748 pupils appeared from 164 schools, and 86 passed. 197. Maldah.- Population, 710,448; primary grant Rs. 6,189, inclusive of khas mehal grant; exponditure Rs. 6,110, of which Rs. 1,957 were spent on 23 uppor primary and two girls' schools. Upper primaries rose from 20 with 714 pupils to 23 with 992 pupils. Lower primaries were 408 with 6,943 pupils, against 414 with 6,892 pupils of the preceding year. Tho Sub- Inspectors paid 268 visits in situ to the lower primaries. Of the boys of school-going age one in 5.5 is at school. At 25 central gatherings 6,503 pupils from 366 schools were examined by the Deputy Inspector, and 1,032 boys obtained prizes. At the upper primary scholarship examination 61 candidates appeared from 23 schools, and 37 were successful. At the lower primary scholarship examination 521 boys from 115 patshalas competed, and 223 were successful. The Barinda, or eastern portion has retained 62 patshalas with 811 pupils, only six of whom are Sonthals. The question of appointing a Sub-Inspector of Schools for this tract is now under consideration. 198. Sonthal Pergunnahs.- Population 1,568,093 ; primary grant raised from Rs. 10,000 to Rs. 13,000; expenditure Rs. 12,786, of which Rs. 1,646 were speut on 22 upper primary schools. The number of lower primary schools has decreased from 830 to 823, and their pupils from 14,457 to 12,979 as shown below:- 1891-82. 18A2-A8. Under Church Misrion Soriety Dr. the Indian Iorar Minion Do. ordinary natire nunngement Schools. 40 23 767 l'upils. 840 392 13,225 Schools, 40 24 769 Pupilo. 814 662 11,613 830 14,457 823 12,979 199. The Sub-Inspectors of Schools held central examinations twice during tho year, and the number of gatherings was 146. The Sub-Inspectors ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 61 PRIMARY EDOOATION. also paid 1,163 visits in situ to the lower primaries. Of the boys of school-going age one in 8 is at school. At the reward examinations 17,254 pupils from 1,191 patshalas attended, and 1,708 obtained prizes. At the upper primary scholarship examination 21 candidates appeared from 9 schools, and 10 were successful. . At the lower primary scholarship examination 402 competed from 115 patshalns, and 161 passed, including 14 candidates from mission schools. Sonthals numberod 5,567, against 5,922, and pahariahs 197, against 234 The docrease is accounted for by the Deputy Inspector thus :-During the year 1881-82 a number of patshalas largely attended by the aboriginal races came into existence in expoctation of the then contom. plated scheme of Sonthal education coming into operation. But the toachers never obtained the stipends thoy had looked for, as the scheme did not come into operation. A good many of those patshalas have disappeared one by one, especially in the Rajmohal sub-division, where the payment of head nonoy, under the system introduced by the district authorities, had been delayed. The causes which have rotarded tho introduction of the special schemo sanctioned for the education of the Sonthals in the Daman-i-Koh, says the Assistant Inspector, have not been yet altogether removed, and ho hopes that it has now reached its last and final stagro. 200. CHOTA NAGPORE DIVISION...Of boys of school-going age one in 8:6 is at school. Upper primaries rose from 40 with 1,859 pupils to 57 with 2,416 pupils. Of these, two were Government schools in Singbhoom and 55 were aided. Aided lower primaries advanced from 904 with 26,110 pupils to 1,073 with 29,676 pupils. Unaided schools declined froin 49 to 42, and their pupils from 978 to 934. Taking the upper and lower primaries together, the schools havo risen from 999 to 1,172, and their pupils from 28,917 to 33,026. The year has therofore been one of progress all round. As yet the principal system of payment has been the stipondiary, but Manbhoom works the results syston on a comparatively larger scalo than tho other districts. The Assistant Inspector states, however, that even there the system must be looked upon as a more supplementary measure, calculated more to create a spirit of emulation among the teachers and the pupils than to effect any extraordinary oxpansion of the field of our operations. Of the pupils in primary schools of the division 1,702 were native-Christians (mainly of the aboriginal races), 3,599 IIos, or Mondas, 1,234 Oraons, 538 Sonthals, and 707 others. The figures for the preceding year were 2,288 native-Christians, 4,892 Kols (llos, Mondas, and Oraons), 357 Sonthals, and 653 others. The increased attendanco of Sonthals at school promises better results in the future. The Assistant Inspector does not say how far the special schools sanctioned for them in Manbhoom havo boen successful. 201. Manbhoom.--Area, 4,130 square miles; population, 1,012,117; primary grant Rs. 9,000; expenditure Rs. 8,579, of which Rs. 675 were spent on eight upper primary and Rs. 80 on three girls' schools, Upper primaries were 13, as in the preceeding year, but their pupils declined from 452 to 445. One of them is aided from the grant-in-aid fund. Aided lower primaries numbered 409 with 9,974 pupils, against 320 with 8,057 pupils. Purely stipendiary schools wero 79, and there were 78 schools receiving both stipends and rewards. There wero uine indigenous sclicols with 144 pupils. The Sub-Inspectors paid 221 visits in situ to the lower primarics. . Of the boys of school-going age one in 6.8 is at school. At the reward examinations 1,752 pupils from 215 schools competed, and 1,318 from 198 schools were successful. T'he amount of rewards earned by the pupils was Rs. 752, and by tho teachers Rs. 1,120. The Assistant Inspector points out that higher rates of rewards were paid for finding areas in bighas and katahs than for tho vernacular language. At the upper primary scholarship examinations 22 pupils from nine schools were Bent up, and 12 were successful. At the lower primary scholarship examinations 109 schools sent up 341 candidates, and of these, 232 were successful. 202. Hazaribagh.-Area, 7,021 square miles; population, 1,104,742; primary grant Rs. 10,000; expenditure Rs. 7,512, of which Rs. 1,117 were spent on 21 upper primary schools and Rs. 126 on threo girls' schools. The oxpenditure on lower primaries was Rs. 6,260, of which Rs. 5,315 were spent in stipends and Rs. 945 in rewards. The salaries of the eight inspecting pundits amounted to Rs. 1,440. The aided upper primary schools for boys rose from 12 with 337 pupils to 22 with 779 pupils. Of these one was aided from the grant-in-aid fund. Tho aided lower primaries were 268 with 6,062 nupils. against 237 with 5,797 pupils of the preceding year. Two of the lower ·62 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOS MBINARY WDUCATION 24 Inspectors paid 222 visits in situ to the lower primaries. Of the boys of schoolgoing age one in 10-6 is at school. At the central examination 1,150 pupile appeared from 113 schools, and 203 pupils earned rewards for themselves and their teachers. The results system showed no progress, and the Commissioner accordingly condemned it as unsuited to the district. The Assistant Inspector, howover, thinks that, as there are 150 to 200 moro unaided patshalas and makhtabs in the district, an attempt should be made to bring thom under regular organization. At the upper primary scholarship examination 25 candidates competed from 17 schools, and 20 were successful. At the lower primary scholarship examination 372 pupils appeared from 186 schools, and 271 were successful; twelve of these were girls. 203. Lohardugga.-Area, 12,044 square miles ; population, 1,609,244; primary grant Rs. 11,000; expenditure Rs. 10,074, of which Rs. 1,118 were spent on 16 upper primaries and Rs. 60 on one girls' school. Aided upper primaries for boys were 16, us in the previous year, but their pupils rose from 766 to 822. Aided lower primaries were 292 with 8,942 pupils, against 262 schools with 7,830 pupils of the year before. Unuided schools numbered 27 with 550 pupils. The number of stipendiary schools was 210, and only 82 received rewards on the results of examinations. The Sub-Inspectors paid 243 visits in situ to the lower primaries. Of the boys of school-going age one in 10 4 is at school. At the central examinations, howevor, only 599 pupils from подstipendiary schools competed, against the same numbor of schools of the previous year. The Deputy Inspector is of tlie opinion that there is little hope of any expansion of the system, and the Assistant Inspector wishes that the scheme should be abandoned as unsuited to Lohardugga. At the upper primary scholarship examination 27 candidates competed from 11 schools, and 20 were successful. At the lower primary scholarship examination 107 schools sent up 304 candidates, of whom 189 were successful. 201. Sinubhoom.--Arca, 5,578 square miles ; population 453,775; primary grant Rs. 5,161, inclusive of the contributions from the Government Estates' In. provement Fund; expendituro Rs. 5,388, of which Rs. 93 were spent on one uppor primary and Rs. 36 on five girls' schools. There were six upper primaries with 370 pupils, against five schools with 304 pupils of the preceding year. Two of theso wore Government schools, throo were grant iu-aid institutions, and ouly one a primary fund school. The aided lower primaries were 104 with 4,698 pupils, against 93 with 4,549 pupils. Of these seven wore grant-in-aid schools. Unaided lower primarios numbered 15 with 384 pupils. The Sub- Inspector paid 40 visits in silu to tho lower primaries." Of the boys of school-going age one in 5.9 is at school. The Chaibassa Jeşuit patshala teaches the ho dialect. In Dhalboom, Bengali is taught, while Hindi is adopted for the rest of the district. The Deputy Inspector has roturned all the lower primarios as aided under the results system. The amount of reward was, however, on an average Rs. 51 per school, or Rs. 4-4 a month. Au the schools were examined in situ by the Deputy Inspector. At the upper primary scholarship examination 17 candidates appeared from six schools, and 14 were successful. At the lower primary scholarship oxamination 173 candidates were sent up from 58 schools, of whom 100 were successful; 52 of the number being lIos. Of the four primary scholarships alloted to the district, three in Singbhoom were carried off by Ho's, and one in Dhalbhoom by a Hindu. 205. Chotu Nagpore Tributary States.--Area, 16,054 square miles; population, 678,002. Proposals for commencing operations in these states have recently been submitted to Government. 206. Orissa Division. Of the boys of school-going age one in 3.2 is at school. Primary schools for boys advancod from 7,770 with 90,152 pupils to 9,001 with 103,364 pupils. Upper primaries roso from 149 with 3,757 pupils to 185 with 4,772 pupils, and lower primaries from 7,621 with 86,395 pupils to 8,816 with 98,592 pupils. The indigenous schools' numbered 73 with 958 pupils, against 163 of the previous year. The Government upper primaries number 10, against six of the year before, owing to the inclusion in the returnia of four such schools in Banki, which now forms part of the Cuttack district. Of the unaided upper primarios 12 aro maintained by the Cuttack Municipality. The Joint-Inspector considers the incroase in the number of upper primaries as very satisfactory, and attributes the large increase in lower primaries to the “further succons of the payment-by-results system in absorbing the indigenous institutions of the country." This system, in fact, was first introduced in Balasore in 1877, in Cuttack a year later, and in Pooree in 1879. Each district has its staff of inspecting pundits, and Cuttack has an auxiliary Agency, in ; - ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 63 PRIMARY RDUCATION, the shape of chief gurus, who receive no regular salaries but are rewarded at the end of the year according to the quality and quantity of the work done by them. It should be noted that while in Balasore money rewards are given only to teachers, in the two other districts they are given to both papils and teachers. 207. Cuttack. - Population, 1,795,065; primary grant Rs. 20,000, exclusive of Rs. 1,253 for Banki, and Rs. 109 from the Khas Mehals Improvement Fund expenditure Rs. 21,125, of which Rs. 2,568 were spent on 68 upper primary schools and Rs. 48 on one girls' school, and Rs. 3,230 in payment to inspecting pundits. Upper primary schools were 105 with 2,598 pupils, against 65 with 1,688 pupils of the preceding year. Of these, four were Government schools, five grant-in-aid schools, and 68 primary grant schools, and 18 were unaided. Aided lower primaries wero 3,850 'with 42,441 pupils, and unaided lower primaries 805 with 6,922 pupils, against an aggregate of 3,730 schools with 38,299 pupils of the ycar before. The Sub-Inspectors paid 2,644 visits in situ to the lower primaries. Of the boys of schoolgoing age one in 2:4 is at school. At the reward examinations 26,476 pupils appeared from 381 schools, and 9,215 passed by the higher and 8,477 by the lower standard. At the upper primary scholarship examination 109 candidates from 40 schools competed, and 59 were successful. At the lower primary scholarship examination 1,598 pupils appeared from 595 schools, and 912 wero successful. 208. Poorce.--Population, 8,88,487; primary grant Rs. 12,261, the whole of which was expended. Rupees 2,875 were spent on 53 upper primary schools, and Rs. 1,113 on the salaries of seven inspecting pundits. Upper primaries for boys were 62 with 1,471 pupils, against 59 with 1,410 pupils, of these six were Governmont schools, one was a grant-in-aid school, 53 were primary fund schools, and two were unaided. The lower primarios numbered 2,036 with 17,625 pupils, against 1,778 with 16,539 pupils of the preceding year. The Sub- Inspectors paid 768 visits in situ to the lower primaries. Of the boys of school-going age one in 3.4 is at school. At the reward examinations 11,750 pupils were sent from 1,834 schools, of whom 7,555 were successful. At the upper primary scholarship examinution 108 pupils competed from 43 schools, and 64 were successful. At the lower primary scholarship examination 285 schools sent up 1,223 candidates, of wliom 717 were successful. 209. Balasore.—Population, 9,45,280; primary grant Rs. 16,000, plus Rs. 835 from the Estates' Improvement Fund ; expendituro Rs. 16,835, of which Rs. 1,597 were spent on 33 upper primaries and Rs. 2,379 on the salaries of 16 inspecting pundits, besides Rs. 239 spent on travelling and halting charges of primary and pass examiners, and Rs. 5,637 on slates and books. Upper primarios were 33 with 703 pupils, against 25 with 629 of the preceding yeur. Lower primaries were 2,125 with 31,603 pupils, against 2,114 with 31,681 pupils of the previous year, so that these schools are now nearly stationary so far as numbers aro concerned. The Sub-Inspectors paid only 571 visits in situ to the lower primaries. Of the boys of school-going ago ono in 2.1 is at school. At the reward'examinations 12,099 candidates competed from 1,766 schools, and 8,650 were successful. At the upper primary scholarship examination 50 pupils were sent up from 23 schools, 29 were fut. In noticing this result, thu Joint-Inspector regrets that in Balasore, which at one timo had the best upper primary schools, a policy of repression was persistently followed with regard to thom for sometime, and the late Deputy Inspector made the teachers feel that these institutions formed no essential links in the educational chain, and that they were indebted for their existence to local prejudice rather than to any considerations of utility. Tho recent increase in the number of these schools is regarded as a favourable sign. At the lower primary scholarship examination 729 boys appeared from 286 schools, of these 491 were successful. 210, Orixga Tributary Mehals.-Area, 16,034 square miles; population, 1,571,045. The Goveroment estate of Banki, which was educationally one of the most advanced states in the Gurjats, was transferred early in the year under review to the Cuttack district. The apparent loss of schools due to this transfer has, however, been more than covered by the registration of new patshalas, but these latter being numerically woak, there has boon a slight apparent decline in the number of pupils. The schools rose from 992 to 1,004, but their pupils declined from 13,01% to 12,576. There wero 52 upper and 928 lower primaries, with 1,498 and 10,267 pupils, respectively. The indigenous schools numbered 10 with 98 pupils. The Sub-Inspectors paid 634 visits in situ success- ·64 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR PRIMARY LDOCATION. to the lower primaries. Of the boys of school-going age one in. 9:6. is at school. There is one special school with six pupils. This school is in Mourbhunj for the education of the minor Chief and his relatives. It conforms to no standard recognized by the Department. Middle English schools rose from three to four, but their pupils declined from 267 to 257. Middle vernacular schools numbered eight with 417 pupils, against nine schools with 465 pupils of the previous year. There was one girls' school with 33 pupils. The Government expenditure was Rs. 7,724, and the expenditure from local sources amounted to Rs. 59,331. At the middle vernacular scholarship examination 12 out of 21 candidates were successful. At the upper primary scholarship examination 25 candidates, out of 55 sent up from 24 schools, were succossful. At the lower primary scholarship examination 054 candidates appeared from 284 schools, and 345 were successful. A system of payment by results has been in force in Angul and Dhenkanal for the last four years, and it was introduced in Maurbhunj last year. At the examination for rewards 4,292 pupils from 483 schools were examined, and 3,027, including 52 girls, were passed. In Angul, Dhenkanal, Maurbhunj, and Keonjhur, says the Superintendent of the Tributary Mehals, there is a considerable number of schools which received stipends or rewards, or both, from tho revenues of the states, in addition to the advantage of periodical inspection by an agency of inspecting pundits paid from the same source. Four schools in Lohara receive stipends from funds set apart by the Rajalı for the purpose, and there are two schools in the Christian village of Chagan in Athigur, supported by contribution from Mission funds. In tho other states, the lower primary schools are left entirely to themselves, being wholly supported by contributions from the people interested in their inaintenance. 211. Indigenous institutions 1882-83.-There are patsbalas, tols, and makhtabs which havo not adopted the departmental standards of instruction. Tho following stateinent furnishes some information regarding them :- Aided sclioul. Pupils. Unaided schools. Pupila. Totul Bchools. Total pupils, Expenditure from Governmont. Total expenditure. R. ka. Patshalas Tols Makhtubs 841 485 000 9,005 3,819 6,543 270 307 290 8,207 3,164 3,991 1,111 882 890 13,162(a) 0,972 (1) 10,637(c) 30,871 1,181 1,080 1,015 26,218 49,638 83,776 1,026 20,269 957 10,402 2,893 3.766 1,08,019 (a) Ot this number 800 were girls. (6) Ditto 3 ditto. (c) Ditto 1 ditto. Of the Government expenditure on tols Rs. 1,254 were spent on ten Sanskrit tols in the town of Navadwipa in the Nuddea district. The order sanctioning this grant cannot be traced, but the local belief is that the grant originated with that patron of leadning, Maharajalı Krishua Chandra Ruy Bahadur of Krishnughur. VI.-EDUCATION OF EUROPEANS AND EURASIANS. HDUOATION OF KUROFRANS AND 212. The following summary includes all the Government and aided school in the province, and all the unaided schools that submitted annual returns. Two of the aided schools failed to subinit theso returns; but in order to complete the table, the necessary figures wcro subsequently obtained :- KORABIANS. Number of schools on the Number of scholars in thom 8181 March on the Slot March. Government expenditure, CLANA. 1882. 3883. 188. 1888, 1881-82 1899-88 Rs. Government Aided Vuaided 1 43 1 49 9 4,81 1,090 81 4,980 582 8,544 74,188 11,000 1,04,898 Total 8,617 6,6132 82,718 1,13,890 213. The increase in the number of aided schools from 43 with 4,546 scholars to 49 with 4,989 scholars is accounted for as follows. Three schools ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 65 BUVOATION OF BURASIANS. with 465 scholars were transferred from the list of unaided schools, and 3 new schools with 68 scholars were opened. The list of unaided schools is very in- EUROPEANS AND complete. The returns show only nine schools with 562 scholars, but about 20 schools are known to exist, and the number of scholars on the rolls is probably between 1,000 and 1,200. Most of the schools refuse to subinit annual returns on account of the difficulty cxperienced in classifying the scholars according to the social position and wealth of their paronts. This classification will not be required from European schools in future, and therefore more complete returns may be expected. Two new unaided schools were openod during the year, one of which has since applied for a grant. 214. In the following table the Government and aided schools are classified according to Art 15 of the Code. The Church Mission Normal school is oniitted as not coming under any of the heads. Unaided schools are also omitted on account of the incompleteness of the returns :- ON ME NUMBER OF CHOLA LY IN THEM ON THE 918T MARCEL NUMBER OF ACTIOOLS ON TUR 319T NAUCIT. OLASA. 1882. 1893. 1882. 1883. Boys. Girls. Total. Boys. Girls, Tula). 11 High Middle Primary 9) 105 18 1,174 717 463 282 831 769 1,7543 1,618 1,252 1.445 1,077 180) 398 All 1,81,3 1,84% 1,328 839 Total 13 2.614 1,:8:39 4,578 2,90 2,004 6,059 215. The increase of two in the number of high schools is thus accounted for. The Doveton has beun transferred from the list of unaided schools; tho Darjeeling convent school has been raised froin the middle class, and St. Joseph's, Calcutta, roduced to that class; a branch of St. Xavior's has been opened in Bow Bazar Street. The total number of iniddle schools remains the same, but the following changos have occurred. The Khurji orphanage at Bankipore received a grant during the year; the Assenzolu convont school, though aided last year, was not included in the returns: St Agnes' at Howrah has been placed in the primary class, and should have appeared in that class last year; the Roman Catholic boys' school at Cuttack has been struck off the list of European schools, the majority of the scholars being non-Europeuns. The four schools added to the list of primary schools are, St. Agnes', already reforred to;'two new railway schools at Saidpur and Sahebganj, and the orphanage for girls attached to St. Joseph's convent at Bankipore, which was returned last year as unaided. 216. In July 1883, the Committee of Enquiry on European Education submitted its report to the Government of India, with a draft code of reguiations for European schools in Bengal. This code was accepted by tho Government of India, with some modifications, in February 1883, and forwarded to the Local Governments for adoption. The necessary orders were not, however, issued until April, so that no change was made until after the close of the your under report. As stated in last year's report, a preliminary cxamination of most of the European schools in Calcutta was lield by the Officiating Inspector of Schools, Presidency Circlo, in August, September, and October 1882, in order to facilitate the introduction of the code this year. The tables given in the last report show the result of this examination. In November, five other schools in Calcutta and Howrah wero examined. The only aided schools that were not examined were the four high schools for boys : St. James', 3 Xavier's, the Doveton, and St. Chrysostom's. It was at first intended that the schools situated along thu East Indian Railway should be examined in tho same way, but there was not sufficient tiine for this work before Christmas, and the results would have been useless if the schools had been examined immediately after the long winter vacation. During tho current your, all the schools will be examined in accordance with the rules of the code. 217. I now proceed to give a more detailed account of the schools. It will be convenient to treat mofussil schools separately from schools in Calcutta ·66 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR SDUCATION OP SUROPXANS AXD and the suburbs. The following table gives the details of the latter slass of schools :- European and Eurasian Schools in Calcutta. KORASLANA. PUPILA. TOTAL BIR. DITURA ACTUAL RECEIPTB FROM COVERA- XENI. NAMES OF SCHOOLS. Monthly Government graut, 1882-83. Munngcaient. Monthly Bobooling feos, 1882-83. 1881-82. 1882-83. Number. Boya. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boyo. Girla. 1881-82. 1882-88. 1881-82. 1888-88 Rs. 4. P. R. Rs. Rs. RA. RA. Ro. AIDED SOHOOLS. Apocial Instruction. 1 Church Mission, Normal High Schools. 1 St. James'... Froe School Protestant ... 11 11 10. 160 00 16 1,020 1,020 8,888 7,728 ... Protestant Ditto 122 251 114 211 131 200 0 0 8966 127 2,400 10,782 2,400 10,78% » 27,3:1 26,4% 28,207 (a)09,856 .. 8 to B 8 to 12 for bouriers and 3 for day scholars. 8 to 10 4 and 8 8 Dovuton St. Xavier's I. 289 UP Ditto Roman Catholic 116)...... 357 400 . 456 200 0 0 2000 0 Capitation grant (0) 2,400 2,400 000 87,840 88,720 8,183 02 ... ... 8,640 ... 5 Ditto, Branch 8 Bt. ChryHostoru's Valuutlu Girls' Ditto Ditto Protestaut 98 75 0 0 200 00 19+ 1,179 900 2,400 500 2,400 147 17, 497 17,025 1 to 4(d) 16 to 20 for bonrders and S to Glor duy scholars, 1,105 205 1,228 .. 274 29,411 17,032 1,47,285 1,85,716 II... Protestant 85 108 3 to 8 . B43 ... 1,263 .. 2,846 Total Middle Schools. i Calcuttr. Boys' 2 Catholic Male Orphanage 8 St. Joseph's Bow Buzar Lorotto 5 Dhurrumtollah Loretto « 6 St. Mary's Roman Catholic Ditto ... 232 354 .. 8,938 4,841 9,746 240 SSB Freo 3 to . ... 0(d) 5,316 12,250 . 2,400 2,400 2,870 4,229 1,800 (0)12,800 Ditto 220 12 32 268 ... 100 85 0 0 from 16 Jalri. 1833. 200 (0) 0 280 0 froin lut Jun. 1883. 2011 00 from Int Jan. 1883. 170 00 fron ist Jan. 1889. 180 0 0 from Ist JAN. 1883. 2 to 4(1) 6,086 14,850 Ditto 30 10. 28 170 . % to 876 2,088 4,16% 6,618 Ditto . 20 50 27 2 to OU G 896 2,265 8,042 6,186 Total 703 434 II 770 490 0,388 24,876 38,710 49,178 Primary Schools. 18t. John's Parochiul Protestant 1992 16 1 to 620 648 1,68 1,576 981. Btophen's Paroosial Ditto 31 20 35 28 1 to 9 089 709 1,981 1,989 8 Benevolent Institution St. l'aul's Ditto Ditto 60 00 from 1st Jan. 1883. 05 0) 0) from 1st Jan. 1983 28100) 200 0 0 fron lab Jun 1883. 200 000) 119 100 88 04 27 05 74 Froe 1 to 11 4,729 3,408 go 1,983 1,802 8,719 2,814 . Ditto 07 ... 07 Froo (9)2,400 (0)9,400 13,782 19,674 6 European Female Orphan Asylum. . St. James' Elementary, 7 Old Church Puruohual Home... Ditto Ditto 38 62 43 18 to 517 780 60 5 0 0 17 Capilation grant, or kx. 3 for ouch bourer. 1,000 605 2,050 2,838 2,980 2,040 I. 1 III. Roman Catholic .. bod 47 % to 4(d) 292 716 810 8 St. Teresa's Entally Orphanago 10 St. Murtha's Ditto Ditlu 15 230 1 3,000 3,400 187 7,104 800 7,104 3 ...... from 1st Jun, 1899. 201 260 0 0 10 Capilation frunt Rts. I for euch scholier. 46 05 0 0 from lot Jun, 1883. 67 100 0 0 from lst Jun. 1889. Ditto . : .. 30 i to 4(d) 616 1,217 2,716 4.108 118t. John's Chepul 19 Old Church Day Protustaut ... 80 50 1 to 2 020 1,877 8,378 4640 Total 308 70. 361 000 14,086 16,482 43,395 10.654 ..... Total for Aided Schouls 2,264 2,359 1,141 42,419 04,398 2,30,026 2,92,274 UNAIDEN SCHOOLA. High Schools. Mr. Vallis' Preparatory 2 Lora.to House Roman Catholic Ditto .. ON 7 20 130 124 . 17 . ... 40 for bonrdore and 6 to 1 for day scholar 4 to 10 s Doroton Institution for young Protestant Indien. 151 149 11,188 . Totud .. 76 310 79 207 Protestant 1. 1 8 to 16 8400 #...0. CON 60 18 8 14 3 ...10 ... ... Middle Schooh. Pratt Memorial Miss Movau's 3 Campbell Cottage Total Total for Unaidud Babools GRAND TOTAL POR CAL- OUTTA SCHOOLS 9 21 76 ... .... .... 976 100 373 •10 .... ..... 2,348 1,789 2,459 1,81% .... .... .... OP (a) Inclusive of Rs. 98,669 for repairs. (Ui Wins not widod. (c) Received and from Int January 1899. (d) Thou nohool. bnvo alwu trte departments (0) Luclusive of the building grant of RH. 10,00. Grant spagand, November 1889 ; oudcollex, May 1888. (0) Exclusive of the military gruut ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 67 SURASTAMA. 018.: The Church Mission Normal school has hitherto been classed as a EDUCATION 0 European school, because the majority of the teachers trained in it are Euro UROPRAWO AND peans. The practising school attached to it is a native school, and the teachers are trained with the object of becoming zenana teachers, so that the school does not in any way come under the new system of European education. It has not been transferred to the Inspector of European Schools, and in future reports will be classed with other normal schools. 219. High Schools.-The Doveton is now returned as an aided school with a monthly grant of Rs. 200. This grant was sanctioned in 1881-82, but was not drawn till after the close of that year. The accommodation at St. Xavier's College being found insufficient for both the school and the college, the latter was transferrod to Bow Bazar Street in January. 1883. A branch of the high school was also opened in the samo building for the convenience of those scholars of the parent institution who resided in that locality. This school is intended to be a high school, without a primary department. At present there is no high department, but the school is classed us a high school, because it received its grant as such. The school has not bocn very successful as yet ; there were only 22 pupils on the 31st March, though 50 were expected to join it as soon as it was opened. St. Joseph's school has been reduced to the middlo class. It was never very successful as a high school, and after tho last examination the Entrance classes were abolished. With the exception of the Doveton and the Calcutta Girls' school, all the high schools show a slight decrease in the number of pupils. St. Chrysostom's is here classed as a European school, but it has not been recognised as such by the Inspector of European Schools. It consists of a pay department, in which the majority of the scholars are Europeans or Eurasians, and a froo department in which the majority are natives. Under the new code, a school is not entitled to a grant unless the majority of the scholars are Europeans (including under this term Eurasians). Taking the two departments together, the numbers of Europeans and non-Europeans are 80 nearly equal that the admission or withdrawal of one or two scholars would make it eligible or ineligible for a grant. The grant, under the code, to the pay department alone would be considerably less than that now drawn by the school, and to avoid this loss of grant the Secretary has boen advised to put all the Europeans into one department. Unless some change of this kind is made, the school will not be classed as a European school in future. 220. Middle and Primary Schools. The only change among middle schools is the transfer to that class of St. Joscph's above referred to. All the schools but St. Joseph's show an increase in the number of scholars. The increase is greatest in the case of the Calcutta Boys' school, where the number of scholars has nearly doubled. There is no change to be recorded among primary schools, but there is a slight decrease in the number of scholars. The decrease is greatest in the Entally orphanage, the Benevolent Institution, and St. Paul's mission school. The grant to the Benevolent Institution was suspended in November 1882, on a report from the Inspector that the school was not doing well, and that the local contributions were not equal to the Government grant; and in May 1883, the grant was cancelled. St. Torosa's school was closed shortly after the end of the official year. The Loretto boarding and day school, Entally (middle), and tho Wesleyan preparatory school, Sudder Street (primary), both received grants after tho end of the official year, but these grants were antedated so as to include a portion of the year under report. In accordance with the orders of the Government of India, these schools have been placed under the new code, and their grants are determined partly by the averago attendance and partly by the result of examination. 12 ·86 BFPORT OF THE DIRECTOR ID NICATION OF 221. The following table shows the attendance and expenditure of the mofussil schools :- BOROPRANG AND BUNADI ANI. European and Euradian Schools outside Caloutta. PUPILS. TOTAL KIPRIPITUR. ACTUAL RBCRIPTS PROM GOVRUN- MENT, NAXB8 or SCHOOLS. Monthly Government Krunt, 1882-$3. Manugomont. Monthly schooling fees, 1882-83. 1891-82. 1892-83. Number Boys Girls. Boys. Girls. 1881-82. 1882-83. 1881-82. 1888-88. Rs. A. P. Rs. Rs. ko. RA, RA. Rs. 14,601 RA 19 48 831 20 to 20 8,694 11,003 ... 19,816 GOVERNMENT (Middlo). 1 Kurserng boarding Protestant ... AIDED SC11OOLB. High Schools, 1 St. Paul's, Depeeling Protestant 2 St. Joseph dominary, Dar. Ruinan Catholic feeling 8 Protuntuut European, Outtack Protestant 4 Vouvent, Danjouling Roman Catholic Total 121 100 181) 01 400 200 0 0 (6) 6,060 1,750 4.800 2,600 36,193 20,710 42,789 16,697 4,748 20,888 00) 30 17 101 19) 1031 Capitation 9 to 10 200 0 0(c)10 to 36 740 1,906 1,336 2,400 8,80% 87,740 ... ... 250 118 217 124 ...... III 10,086 84,878 1,10,506 Middle Schools. ROL 38 07 180 0 0 1 to 4 (d)2,845 (d) 2,614 .. 11,010 11,489 29 17 30 1 East Indian Railway, Janal. Protostant Moro, 2 East Indian Railway, Awhenrolo Ditto Ditto ditto, Buxur Ditto 4 81. Thomar', Howruh Ditto 6 Convent, Cuttuok Roman Catholic Darjeeling girls' I'rotestant 7 Eurasian, VACOD Ditto 8 Kbarji inulo orphanage Romun Catholic 9 Couvent, Annonsule Ditto 25 16 80 8 38 20 200 84 21 to 31 1 to 2 2 to 4 6 to 10 (e) 1 to 6 702 1,066 1,089 810 (710,600 8C5 .. 818 (0) 0 0 10000 & h 00) 2010 00) 160 () 0 0000 80 0 0 2,961 8,614 9,861 4,216 95,056 1,818 .. :: 85 Cu! 13 1792 979 1,208 1,176 (9)14,300 820 840 282 ... .. 1 2,889 8,000 4,181) 80, 1818 1,818 9,824 Roturns un. intelligiblo. 30 80 18 2 to 4 ... ...... Total 191 239 288 17,981 22,800 61 480 86,140 ... 7 7 24 0 0 21 to 31 28N 288 1,000 1,087 101 8 0 5 SO 0 2 880 333 1,086 993 17 Primary Schools. 1 Brat Indian Railway, Ranno. Protestant fungo. 9 Want Indian Railway, Ramporo Ditto Hat. 8 Kaat Indjan Ralway, Khugaul Ditto 4 Bishop Milieu's, Howrah Ditto 5 St. Agnos', Ilowruh Roman Catholic 8 Olristian, Chnsuruh Protestant 7 Christian girls', Cuttack Ditto 8 Suidporu, European Ditto 9 Balubgunge, European Ditto 10 Convent orphanage, Bunk Romun Catholic pore. 171 21 36 10 12 37 16 9 00 13 473 960 826 627 01 80 0 14 to 2 801 00 ANS to A8. O Capitation ! (h) 2 to 0 62 4 0 AR.8 to kn. 1 01 (0) 0 Free 25 0 0 Re. 1 10 Rs. 18 30 0 () 110 60 0 0 Sth 410 000 708 1,478 1,220 0,481 1,220 1,606 1,471 1,924 6,817 884 1,798 NOU 1,200 1,320 15 17 161 11 8 ... OB ...I.. 71 20! 178 420 420 ..... ... ... D... ..... Tolal 103 1271 18 193 9,725 4,614 19,298 • III 10,408 617 641 605 01. GRANT TOTAL POX AIDBD SCHOOLB. .. 81,160 38,350 III. INI UNAJDED SCUOOLS. Middle Schools. 1 Convent Boarding, Runkiporo Roman Catholic 84 46' I... Primary Schools. . . 1 Howrah Ardeny 2 Purneal Convent ... 16 .... .. .... 6 10 Roman Cutholic 8 3 to 20 760 900 .... ....10 Total ... 22 21 1,050 GRAND TOTAL OP GOVERN- MENTN AIDEI), AND UN- AIDAI BONOULB, 674 001 020 014 ...... ..... #1... MVPL24 Ruppen 22 to Rs. 20 for bourdors; Rs. 10 to Rs. 16 fur day scholars. 0) Kojurn 20 10 35 for bourdlern. lls also a free department. (u) Inclusive of boarding krant. le) kupere 30 for bottendors, and ks. 10 for dry scholurs. V) Inclusive of building krilut of k# %,(0. (9) Ditto Ks, 19,000. (i) Ilas ala) a free depuutinent. 222. Government boarding school, Kurseong.-Owing to the school being provided with increased accommodation, the number of pupils was raised to 81 (48 boys and 33 girls), against 41 (28 boys and 13 girls) in the previous year. The monthly average attendance was 60.* Tho fee collections were Rs. 8,312, and the total expenditure was Rs. 19,315, leaving a balance of Rs. 11,003 paid. by Government at the rate of Rs. 917 a month. The full fee for schooling and boarding is Rs. 20 a month. The parents or guardians of 50 of the pupils are in Government servico; those of the remaining 25 are entered 28 being in private service. 223. High schools.--The Darjeeling convent school has been transferred to this class. The school has not yet sent up any candidates for the university ·$ OF PUBLIC INBTRUOTION. 69 EDUCATION OF IDROPIAMA ATD > SVRABIA WA. examinations but four girls are said to be in the Entrance class. There is a slight decrease in the number of scholars in this school and in St. Paul's, and an increase in the other two high schools. 224. Middle schools. The number of these schools is one less than last year. The Darjeeling convent is now classed is a high school. St. Agnes' at Howrah should have been classed as a primary school last year, and is now placed in its proper class. The Roman Catholic boys' school at Cuttack hus ceased to be recognised as a European school, the majority of the scholars being natives. The Khurji orphanage for boys at Bankipore has been added to the list of aided schools, with a grant of Rs. 90 The convent school at Assensole was aided last year, but furnished no returns. This year it has again failed to submit returns; but the figures given above were subsequently obtained in order to complete the list of aided schools. 225. Primary schools. These schools number 10, with 275 pupils, against six schools with 230 pupils last year. Ono school, St. Agnes', has been transferred from the list of middle schools. A primary school was opened at Sahebganj on the East Indian Railway, in the beginning of 1882. A grant of Rs. 30 was sanctioned from the 1st February 1882, but it was not drawn until June. Another primary school was opened at Saidpur on the Northern Bengal State Railway, with a monthly grant of Rs. 25. Tho orphanage for girls attached to the Bankipore convent received a grant of Rs. 60 in November 1882. This school and the boarding school attached to the same convent were returned together as an unaided middlo school last year. The latter school is now returned separately as an unaided middle school. Bishop Milman's school at Howrah is classed as a primary school; but it is really very little more than an infant school. The Secretary has been asked to analgamate it with the infant department of St. Thomas' school. The two unaided primary schools aro botlı new schools. The convent school at Purnoah has applied for a grant. 226. The European schools in Bengal are distributed among the various divisions as follows: In the Presidency Division there are no schools, except those situated in the suburbs of Calcutta. In the Burdwan Division there are nine schvols, eight aided and one unaided. Five of the aided schools also receive grants from the East Indian Railway. In tho Rajshahye Division there aro six schools, four in Darjoeling, one at Kurseong, and one at Saidpur. In the Chittagong Division there is one school, St. Placid's Roman Catholic day school at Chittagong; but no roturns were submitted. This school received a grant after the close of the official year. A girls' school was opened in the same place in May 1883. In thu Patna Division there are five schools, two of which are railway schools and the others Roman Catholic schools; one of the latter being unaided. In the Bhagulpore Division there are three schools, two aided (hoth railway schools) and one unaided. The latter has applied for a grant. In the Orissa Division there are three schools, all situated in Cuttack, and all aided. In the Chota Nagpore Division there is only one school, the Loretto convent school at Hazaribagh. This school is unaided, and has furnished no returns. In the Dacca Division the returns show only one school, Mr. Vyso's aided middle school; but there is also an unaided Roman Catholic school (St. Lewis') at Dacca. 227. The following table gives more detailed statistics about the schools aided by the East Indian Railway Company :- Company's grant, monthly A verigo focus, monthly. Clovernment grunt, minthly. Other receipts, Wunthly. Averago receipts, monthly. Pupils in the soliool. Rs. RA Ra. RH. Re. ... 1070) 30 . 34 10 21 12 I. ... 108 7 33 185 15 549 .. 101 91 2815 78 DUB 10) .. 30 SO 25 08 80 102 80 80 SO ..... St. Thomas' Sohool ... Howrah Bishop Milman's school Baneogange school Assegnole Bampore Hat Jamalpote (hoarding) Buxar Khnraul Bahobigan Total 1 .. 40 8 10 $ 116 150 88 .. 14 . ... . ... 80 00 80 1.17 1005 26 99 + 1. ... 1. 10. 602 1,016 604 95 24216 845 ·70 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR DUOATION OF 228. The success of the European schools at the Entrance examination is IROPRANS AND shown below. The Protestant European school at Cuttack and Mr. Vallis? preparatory school each sent up candidates for the first time, but without KURASIANS. BUCCOSS : Number of candidates. First division. Recond division, Third division. Total. Scholarships gained. NAMES OF SCUOOLS, REMARII. Yumber. 1881-82. 1382-88. 1881-82. 1881-83. 1881-82, 1982-83. 1881-82. 1882-83. 1831-82. 1882-83. 1881-82, 1882-83. 1 St. Xarier's 2 Duveton 100 80 17 19 19 13 7 14 6 3 19 15 7 18 (@)1 118) i (a) Third grade. Hocond grado. 8) Third grada. (a) Sooond grade. 8 .. 1 1 8 2 .. 1 1 4 (a) 1 10 *** ... .. .. 8 La Martiniore 4 St. Jamon's 8 St. Jomph's 6 St. Chrysostomi's 7 Free School 8 St. Joseph's, Darjeeling... 2 .. 100 ... ... J. 1 8 1 1 1 1 8 9 84. Paul's, ditto 8 8 2 2 3 (0) 2 (0) 1 (a) One frut grade and Ono geoond grade. (6) One ancond grado. 4 (a) 1 8 Booond grade. (b) Two second prude, and one bird grade. 8 ... .. 1 ... ... 10 Intestant European, Cuttack. 11 Vallis' Preparatory Total 1 I. ... II. . 85 82 14 8 99 9 11 68 41 6 7 VII.-FEMALE EDUCATION. FXMALX EDUCATION. 229. The following statement comparos the statistics of female education for two years :- 1882-83. 1841-82. Schools. Pupils, Schools. Pupils. Governmont schools Aided Privato 2 963 77 ... 299 . 17,996 2,723 2 1,311 85 301 24,623 2,561 9 1,042 1,898 Total Girls in boys' schools 21,018 23,078 27,485 31,137 ...... ..... Total ... 41,096 68,622 230. About 1,294 of the pupils in girls' schools were little boys. The Gov. ernment schools were nearly stationary, while aided schools have gained 6,627 pupils, Private schools show some decrease, which is accounted for by the fact that these schools are constantly transferred from the unaided to the aided list. Girls in boys' schools show a vory satisfactory increase of 8,095 pupils. It is gratifyirg to find that while the number of girls attending special schools, started for thoir benefit, is 27,485, the number attending boys' schools is much larger, namely, 31,137. This circumstance shows that the education of girls can be most economically conducted, if carried on in schools for boys. 231. The Government Bethune school has now 114 pupils; of these 4 are matriculated students of the University, all of whom aro preparing for the F. A. examination. Out of 110 pupils in the school department, 54 are reading English and 12 a classical language. The college department cost Rs. 3,521, of which Rs. 3,020 were paid by Government and Rs. 501 raised from fees paid by the students. The school department receives a Government grant of Rs. 1,000, and its fee-receipts amountod to Rs. 3,893 during the year. 232. The most notable ovent in the history of female education in Bengal was the success of Kadambini Bose and Chandra Mukhi Bose of the Bethune school in the examination for the B. A. degree. Kadambini Bose, now Mrs. Gangooly, has under recent arrangements, obtained her admission into the Medical College as a regular student. His Honor the Lieutenant-Governor, taking into considoration all the difficulties suggested by the Council of the Medical Collego, decided that no sufficient reasons existed for the exclusion of duly qualified young ladies from the study of medicine in the institation. The Govornment Resolution of the 29th June 1883 pointed out that ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. already these provinces have suffered from the Council's failure to take a broad and unprejudiced view on this question; for the Lieutenant-Governor learns to his regret that some Bengali ladies, fully qualified by educational attainments for admission to the College, have had to betake themselves to the more liberal Presidency of Madras, there to prosecute those medical studies from which the Council of the Calcutta Medical College had excluded them. It is, in Mr. Rivers Thompson's opinion, clearly opposed to the public good, as well as to legitimate private interests, that such a state of things should continue, and that the educational system of Bengal, progressivo in other respects, should be illiberal and retrograde.in this. Illiberality here has great and numerous evil consequences. It encourages zenana prejudices; it strengthens the barriers of caste; and it suppresses the natural and reusonable aspirations of Indian ladics to cnter a profession which would find, in India of all countries in the world, a wide sphere of action and of beneficent service. Every day that passes widens our knowledge of the fact that among the native community there are women in every position of life who would prefer death to treatment by a male physician, and the misory caused by neglected and unskilfully treated illness must be widespread and most lamentable. There is but one way by which this suffering can be relieved, and that is by the medical education of iemales; for, in the present conditions of Iudian life, it would be useless to wait till opposition based upon prejudices if such they can be called) is removed. The Licutenant-Governor therefore considers it bis duty to support this movement; and he looks on the objections which have been made to it, on the ground of tho difficulty of teaching mixed classes, or the alleged inaptitude of females for the profession of medicine, as unsubstantial and obsolete. Experience gained in Europe, in America, and in Madras has shown that mixed classes ean be taught without any bad results; while the aptitude of women for the study and profession of medicino is, in the Lieutenant-Governor's opinion, no longer open to discussion or doubt. Even if the aptitude of women for the profession of medicine were still an open question, it would be an inadequate objection here, for tho fitness or unfitness of women to practise medicine can only be provod by exporience. The issue therefore is, shall it be put to that proof in Bengal? The ladies who apply for admission to the College will be the only losers if they fail in the trial: the community will be the great gainers if they succeed. For his own part the Lieutenant-Governor has no doubt they will succeed far beyond the expectations of their most sanguine supporters, and he looks forward to a not distant time when Calcutta hospitals shall be partly officered by lady doctors. And if the success of the principlo bo established in the capital, there is no reason why our medical schools in tlie provinces should not afford opportunities for a more general extension of the policy, with incalculable advantage to the country.” The College authorities have cordially carried out the measure, which cannot fail to be of lasting benefit to the female population of India. The proposal to lower in favour of females the oducational standard of admission has been negatived, as His Honor “knows of no profession in which a liberal preliminary cducation, training the faculties of observation and thought, is more needed than in the profession of medicine." 233. The second of the two Government girls' schools is the Eden school at Dacca, established in 1878. Its roll number was 191, against 199 in tho preceding year. · Of the pupils 18 read English. It passed no candidates by tho middle, but three by the upper and three by the lower primary standard. The expenditure of the school was Rs. 5,565, of which Government paid Rs. 4,983. The subscriptions amounted to Rs. 582. 234. The following brief account of those young ladies who have taken the lead in the higher education of women in Bengal will be of interest :-Kadambini Bose (now Mrs. Gangooly), who took the B. A. degree in January 1883, is studying medicine in the Medical College, Calcutta. Chandra Mukhi Bose, who was also succossful in the B. A. examination, is now reading for Honours in English. Elleu D'Abreu, who on passing the First Arts examination was awarded a senior scholarship, and Abala Das, who passed the Entrance examination with a junior scholarship, are now attending the Madras School of Medicine. Kumudini Kastagiri, who was reading for the F. A. examination, has left the school. Kamini Sen appeared at the last F. A. examination ·72 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR PEMALE EDUCATION. from the Bethune school, but she was unsuccessful. Lilian 8. Smith and Nirmalabala Mookerjea appear to be still preparing for the F. A. examination. Labanya Prabha Bose passed the last Entrance examiņation in the third division from the Bethune school, Bindu Basini Bose in the third division from the Free Church normal school, and Ellen Masik, also in the third division, from the upper Christian school. They have respectively boon awarded junior scholarships of the 3rd, 2nd, and 1st grades. 235. The subjoined statement shows the institutions in Calcutta (other than the Bothuno school) which are aided by Government for the promotion of female education among natives. The schools are all attended by native girls, except the training class in connection with the Church of England Zenana Mission Normal school, in which European and Eurasian girls are trained to be teachers in native schools :- 1.- Zenana Agencies. Monthly grant. Rs. A. P. 752 0 0 300 0 0 American Mission Agency Church of England Zenana Mission Agency Church of Scotland Agency Froe Church Agency 100 00 90 0 0 ... ... Total 1,212 0 0 II.-- Normal Schools. Free Church Normal School 166 10 8 .. Church of England Zenuna Mission School 160 0 0 Total ... 326 10 8 40 00 III. --Orphanages. Church of Scotland Orphanage American Mission Foundling Asylum Free Church Orphange ... 100 00 .. ... 75 0 0 Total .. 215 0 0 IV..Schools for Native Girls. Church of Scotland - 20 0 0 ... Dhoba para Kiddorpore Sonai 20 0 20 00 ... Free Church- Dr. Duff's School 80 0 0 ... ... ... ... Church Mission Society- Central School ... 50 0 0 .. ... 16 0 0 14 0 0 Mirzaporo Hindu School Syambazar School Wesleyau- Taltolah School 20 0 0 . ... Upitarian Dhurmtollah School ... ... 30 0 0 ... Total 369 0 0 ...

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 73 FEMALS EDUCATION 286. Mrs. Wheeler, Inspectress of Schools, has furnished the progress returns of 1,810 pupils reading in zenanas or in schools mainly connected with zenana agencies. The standard under which they were examined as stated in the last general report are the following:--The primary stage, lower section, is that of a pupil who can read littlo words, can distinguish the different letters composing the words, can write the alphabet neatly, and can enumerate up to 50. The higher section of tho primary stage is that of a pupil who is at least able to read little stories, to spell words with compound letters, to write easy sentences from dictation, and to write and count tho numbers up to 100. If she can answer questions about the stories she has been reading, can write such stories from dictation, can read, spell, and explain compound words, can numerate up to figures with ciphers and do a simple addition sum, she is on the upper limits of the primary, and close to the middle stago. In the middlo stage, she should read Bodhnday, write and spell well, and do addition and subtraction. If she further knows a little grammar and the definitions of geography, can write and spell faultlessly, can turn a picco of poetry into prose, and do a multiplication surn, slo is approaching the confines of the upper stage. It should be explained here that these standards aro applicable mainly to zenana schools, and that ordinary schools for girls in the mofussil endeavour to attain the standard of the different scholarship examinations prescribed by Government or by tlo Hitukari Sabba of Utterparah for tho girls' scholarship examinations. 237. Applying the foregoing standards to the pupils examined, Mrs. Wheeler reports that of the 1,810 examinecs, 109 are unclassed, 705 are in the lower primary, 690 in the higher primary, 249 in the middle and 57 in the upper stage. In the previous year out of 1,841 pnpils examined, 1,381 were in tho lower primary, 408 in the higher primary, 49 in the middle and 3 in the upper stage. The results show that the standards are being better understood and there are more pupils attempting the upper standards than wus the case twelve months ago. Of 012 pupils examined in schools and zenanas belonging to the American Mission Agency, 272 were in the lower primary, 263 in the higher primary, 81 in the middle, and 20 in the upper stage. Of 604 pupils examined in schools und zenanas of the Church of England Zenana Agency, 241 wero in the lower primary, 241 in the higher primary, 110 in the middle, and 12 in the upper stage. Of 103 pupils examined in schools of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, 29 were in the lower primary, 51 in the upper primary, 19 in the middle, and 4 in the upper stuge. Of 183 pupils examined in the schools and zenanas of the Chinsurah Agency, 9:2 are unclassed, 51 are in the lower primary, 23 in the ligher primary, 9 in the middlo, and 8 in the upper stage. Of 278 girls in other schools, 17 were not examined, 112 are in the lower primary, 112 in tho higher primary, 30 in the middle and 7 in the upper stage. The ages of the pupils examined varied from four to upwards of twenty years in all the agencies examined. In the schools under native managers, the maximum reported age is twelve years. The Inspectress also reports that out of 1,810 pupils examined, she took the statistics of attendance of 1,655 pupils, of whom 736 are found to have attended schools for less than six months, 519 between six months and less than two years, and 370 for more than two years. 238. The Inspectress finds that there is a morbid desire, which she fears is not confined to the teachers only, for using advanced reading books, while writing and spelling, explanation and arithmetic, are not properly cared for. When the girls in accordance with the customs of the country, are compelled to leave school at the age of 11 or 12 years, neglect of these important subjects in the early stages of their study cannot fail to be injurious. The Inspectress also refers to the evils of cramming for examinations, and deplores the circumstance that a girl who has passed any number of exaininations becomes physically unfitted for the life that is before her in the zenanas. Another argument used by Mrs. Wheeler is to the effect that a superficial knowledge of examination subjects is apt to render girls conceited, and that, accordingly, it is desirable to reduce considerably the standards of examination for girls' scholarships prescribed by the Hitakari Sabha of Utterparah. At this early atage of female education in Bengal, these recommendation of the Inspectress K ·74 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR FEMALE EDUCATION. can hardly be carried out; as, however valuable the three R's may be as an educational instrument, they are little calculated to elevate the intellect or remove the projudices and superstitions of unprogressive centuries. Some of the other suggestions made by the Inspectress in regard to teaching in girls' schools are not of a nature to be noticed in a general report. 239. Outside Calcutta, the increase of schools and pupils has been most marked in the Dacca division. Girls' schools in the Presidency division have advanced from 192 to 243, and their pupils from 4,878 to 5,706. Girls studying in boys' schools were 3,088, against 3,168 of the previous year, so that tho total number of girls under instruction was 8,794, or rather 8,704, excluding 90 boys attending schools for girls. In the 24-Pergannahs, girls' schools rose from 51 to 53, and thicir pupils from 2,046 to 2,086. In Nuddea, there were 94 schools with 1,986 pupils, against 71 schools with 1,601 pupils of the year before. In Jessore the schools were 63 with 899 pupils, against 42 with 604 pupils. In Khoolna there wero 15 schools with 389 pupils, against 11 with 225. In Moorshodabad tho number of schools was 18, attended by 365 pupils against 17 schools with 331 pupils. Only ono girl in tho 24-Pergunnahs passed tho middlo vernacular scholarship examination, and one in Nuddea the upper primary test. The numbers passed at the lower primary scholarship examination were as follows:-24-Pergunnahs 9, Nuddca 3, Jessore 3, Khoolna 5, Moorshedabad 12, total 32. On these results soven scholarships, debitable to municipal grants, were awarded in tho 24-Pergunnahs. No scholarship was awarded in Nuddea, but Jessore awarded one scholarship, Moorshedabad one scholarship, and Khoolna two scholarships. 240. In the Burdwan division girls' schools have increased from 99 to 127 and their pupils from 2,075 to 2,470. Girls in boys' schools have risen from 6,018 to 8,531, so that the total number of girls undor instruction have risen from 8,093 to 11,009, or 10,962, excluding 47 boys attending girls' schools. Of the 127 schools, only 10 are unaided. Of the 117 aided schools, 52 are grant-in-aid institutions and 65 aro primary fund schools. Of these 55 are in Hooghly, 29 in Howralı, 20 in Midnapore, 10 in Bankura, 8 in Burdwan, and 5 in Becrblioom. The number of girls under instruction in schools has increased almost in every district, and very considerably in Burdwan, where the old plan of inviting girls to attend boys' schools has been re-introduced. Option has been givon to every guru to open a girls' class in connection with liis pertshala. The guru gets a roward of two aunas a month for every girl in attendance, who shows progress. Sixteen girls are reported to be in the middlo stage of instruction, and 297 in the upper primary stage. The course of studies pursued in girls' schools has been fixed generally in reference to the standards of girls' scholarship examinations prescribed by the Utterparh Hitakari Sabha, with the conrurrence of the Circlo Inspector. For the encouragement of girls' schools, fivö scholarships, debitable to the primary allotment, have been created in Bankurah. In Burdwan ono upper primary scholarship has been split into one girls' scholarship of Rs. 2 a month and four of Re. i a month; those scholarships aro awarded on the results of the examinations held by the litakari Sabha. In Midnapore, one middle scholarship has been divided into eight girls' scholarships; seven of these were awarded last year. In Hooghly, one primary scholarship has been set aside for rewarding the best girl in tho schools not affiliated to the Elitakari Sabha. Last year no girl was found quulified to take ир the scholarship The Hitakari Sabha have not yet published the results of tho last cxamination held by them. 211. In the Rajshahye division, the schools rose from 34 to 53, and their pupils from 749 tu 1,032. Girls in boys' schools rose from 683 to 905, so that the total number under instruction rose from 1,132 to 1,937. The number of girls reading in boys' schools is very nearly as great as the number of girls in schools specially intended for them. Rungpore shows the largest advance from nine schools with 159 pupils, to 18 with 268 pupils. Of the total number of girls under instruction, 62 are reading in middle schools and 112 in upper primary schools. Dr. Martin says that, on the wholo, female education is in its infancy, and much cannot be looked for for sometime to come. One girl for the first time in this division passed the upper primary scholarship examination ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. RDUCATION, She appeared from the Rungporo girls' school, and passed in the third division; scholarship was awarded to her. In the town of Beauleah, zonana instruction is given in five or six families by an English lady, 24 In the Dacca division, the only Government school for girls is the Eden female school in the town of Dacca. It is attendod by 191 girls, and it passed three candidatos at the upper and three at the lower primary scholarship examination. Tho total number of girls' schools increased from 219 to 552, and their pupils from 3,530 to 8,162, showing a gain of 333 schools and 4,632 pupils reading in them: Girls in boys' schools rose from 4,573 to 7,309, showing an increase of 2,736. The number of girls under instruction, excluding 593 boys reading in girls' schools, has tlus ultogether increased by 6,809, being a gain of 54 per cent upon the number returned for 1881-82. of the girls, three are in the higher, 16 in the middle, and 94 in the upper primary stage. Of the girls in boys' schools, the great majority rend in lower primary schools. At the upper primary scholarship examination of the Dacca district, four girls competed (three of them from the Eden high school), and were successful. They all got scholarships. One girl in Furroedporo and one in Backergunge passed this oxamination. Out of 93 candidates at tho lower primary scholarship examination from tlic Dacca district, 54 passed, threo winning scholarships. In Furreedpore, the candidates numbered 50, of whom 45 passed; one of them with a scholarship. In Backergungo, thero were 31 candidates, of whom 15 were successful. In Mymensingh, there were only six candidates, of whom four passed; one getting a scholarship. The Deputy Inspector of Furreedpore remarks that “the result (of tho examination of girls) appears much better than that of the boys' cxamipation. The reason is that the questions for the girls were somewhat easier than those set to the boys, and some of the candidates at the girls' cxamination vero aclnlt females of maturer understanding than the boys.” Of 15 adults tlus oxamined, four were between 20 and 30 years of ago, six between 15 and 20, and five botween 13 and 15. One was a widow, two were unmarried Kulin girls, and the rest were married. Most of these belonged to the Gochuparu adult female patshala. “One notoworthy feature," says tho Deputy Inspector," was that a mother and her daughter appeared at the same examination, and both, I am happy to say, passed." In connection with the examination of these girls, the Deputy Inspector remarks " that somo of them have been known to him and to thio Sul-Inspectors from their childhood; and so, although now grown up, they do not feel any delicacy to como and read before us." The widow (aged 25) is preparing herself for the next upper primary scholarship cxamination. The Deputy Inspoctor reconimends that some subject should be substituted for Euclid, Book I. In Mymensingh, the numbor of girls under instruction has risen froin 1,508 to 5,645-a fact which the Deputy Inspector notices as unprecedented in the history of the district. He also characterises the increaso as really surprising." The measuros adopted for increasing the number of girls at school, were a revival of the old deparmental rule, under wliich an allowanco of ono rupeo a month was paid to a teacher for every five girls under instruction. It is not stated whether the girls and their teachers curn, in addition, the ordinary rewards under the primary system. For less than five girls in a boys' patshala, the guru was allowed an annual reward of a rupee per girl in regular attendance. 243. In the Chittagong division, there were 188 girls' schools, attended by 7,327 girls, inclusive of 5,034 reading in boys' schools, against 183 schools with 4,954 girls of the provious year. The policy generally pursued in the division in respect of girls' schools is to encourage the admission of little girls in boys' patshalas. In Tipperah, the schools havo doclined from 114 to 108, owing to withdrawal of stipends from inefficient schools, and the pupils have declined from 1,488 to 1,434 ; but tho number attending boys' schools has advancod from 1,265 to 2,218.' The Zonana Education Society, Tipperalı, which enjoys a grant of Rs. 100 a year, will in future distributo its prizes to deserving girls in communication with the departmental officers. One girl passed the uppor and four the lower primary examination; and one of them got a scholarship. In the Chittagong district, two girls passed the lower primary scholarship examination. In Noakholly, nine girls passed the lower primary examination, K 2' ·76 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR FEMALE 2DUCATION In the Noakholly girls' school, the pundit teaches the advanced girls how to keep accounts and sing verses from the Mahabharut or the Ramayan. 244. In the Patna division, the number of girls' schools rose from 9 to 16, and their pupils from 254 to 391. The numbor of girls attending boys' schools, however, declined from 2,148 to 1,833, so that the total number of girls under instruction has decreasod from 2,402 to 2,224. Of the girls in boys' schools, 23 attended middle and 114 upper primary schools. Of the 1,833 girls in boys' schools, 1,652 are found in the Durbhanga district. Donations amounting to Rs. 1,652 and monthly subscriptions of Rs. 83 have been promised for & girls' school at Arrah, intended for girls of Behari parentago ; its establishinunt will form an era in regard to fomale education in Behar. 245. In the Bhagulpore division, the number of girls' schools has fallen from 29 to 23, but the number of pupils has increased from 396 to 413. There are also 690 girls in schools for boys, against 518 of the preceding year. Of the pupils in girls' schools 39 are boys. The girls' schools are all aided; nine from the grant-in-aid and the rest from the primary assignment. One lower primary and two upper primary schools in the Sonthal Pergunnahs are under missionary management. Of the 23 schools in the division, 1 is a middle school, 5 are upper primaries, and the rest lower primarios. Of the girls under instruction, 13 belong to the middle and 59 to the upper primary stage. Three girls from Bhagulpore and one from Monghyr passed the upper primary scholarship examination ; two of the girls were awarded scholarships. At the lower primary scholarship examination, throe out of four girls from Monglyr, passed. 246. In the Chota Nagpore division, tho number of schools advanced from 14 to 23, and their pupils from 368 to 614; tlıc increase has taken place chiefly in Singbloom, which has adıled seven schools; wliilo Manbhoom and Tlazaribagh show an increase of three schools, and Lohardugga a loss of onc school. The girls attending boys' schools were 976. Tho total number of girls under instruction was 1,603, against 1,197 in tho provious year. Female education in Singbhoom is indebted to Major Garbett, who encourages the pupils in every possible way. There was not a girl in the middlo stage, but 54' are reported as in the upper primary stage. Ono girl passed the upper and 14 the lower primary scholarship examination. Of the girls under instruction, 204 belonged to the aboriginal races. 247. In Orissa, tho schools rose from 33 to 36, and their pupils from 823 to 953. Girls in boys' schools numbered 2,147, against 1,62% of the proceding year. There are two middle English and seven upper primary schools; the two former being schools for Eurasians, and fivo of the latter being schools for native Christians under missionary management. Only two of the upper primaries aro schools for Hindoo girls. Girls' schools are admitted to the roward examinations, but the Joint-Inspector is of the opinion that stipendiary schools for girls should be set up in suitable localities. The old departmental rule of payment at Re. 1 a inonth for cvcry five girls under instruction should be rerived in Orissa. For Euclid and science in the upper primary examination, the Joint-Inspector proposes to substitute needlo-work. Of the girls at school, 12 bave attained the middlo stage and 93 the upper primary stage. Two girls passed the upper and 32 the lower primary scholarship examination. The district of Balusuro is considerably alicad of the other two districts in respect of the progress of femalo education, as it passed 27 out of the 34 candidates, inclusivo of 3 for upper primary scholarships. The Balasore Zenana Mission, under tho superintendence of Miss Ida Phillips, is doing useful work. 248. The following figures show the stages of instruction roached by 56,361 girls, including Europeans and Eurasians, in schools of organized instruction :-In schools for girls exclusively, 102 are returned as in the high stage, approaching the University Entrance standard, 885 in the middle stage, 1,853 in the upper primary stage, and 8,297 in the higher section, and 15,054 in the lower section, of the lower primary stage. In schools for boys, the numbers are in the middle stage, 70;, in the upper primary, 203; in the lower priınary, higher sectiun, 5,808; and in the lower section, 23,999. 11 ·11 OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 77 BPectat VIII.-SPECIAL INSTRUCTION. 249. Under this head are noticed institutions for teaching law, medicine, and engineering, as well as surveying schools, industrial schools, normal schools, the School of Art, and schools of Oriental learning. The usual statistics are given in the following table :- INSTRUCTION Statement of altendance and expenditure in schoois for special instruction in 1882-83. EXTENDITURE, AVEI: AMEAXXUAL. ('ONT OF IDI CANIG ACAPL 11L. Sumber of institations. Sumber of pupils on the rolls on the sist March, moothly roll number. REMRKO. ۴دلاعه From Prouin. ciul revenue. From fees, fe. Crist to Govern- Total. Tutal cost, ment. Rs. Rs. Ry, Rs. A. '. Re, A. 1. Government Law Schools. 1 ] 10,080 130 3 11 17.593 2,31 214 9. 77 11 22 30 Presidency College Hongly Krishnaghur Ducou Patnet Kajshahyo BUYÓUNAW Cuttuck ] 11 311 0 411 32 19 1 2.:):) 38 24 Surplus 2,3- 2, 4:0) 1,38 418) 09 13 10 52 19 10214 66 10) RA, A.T. 1,066 0) 0 Atin (1) 1.08 % Du. Do. 1..334 1024) 9) Total 7 163 207 10,640 10,106 27,080 131 3 7 51 Total surplus 1,81) 3 O II III 279) 123 1 138 O to Unaided Law Schoulx, Metropolitan Institution Oity College Total Total Law Schools Medical College, Calcutta Engineering College, Howrah Government School of Art, Culcutta. 011 1 120 201 1,56,21% 7,715 1,63,9833 815 777 : 3 I. ) 100 1.9 51,000 6,780) 67,310 SR. 10 8 3 13 11 1 96 90 14,381 2,466 16,547 197 30 15) 17 Government t'rtonacular Medical Schools. 1 140 113 38,027 15,11 4.099 2,305 2,90 42.115 17,7 Sealdani latius Dunia Cut uck ... 200 7 13 6 111 177 117 10 2624 J ): 511 15h 10) 1 117 10 2 1 1 119 30 130 503 .. .. Total 1. 311 15.7 77.78 57,00) 2007 + 178 13 1 Unarded Madicul Schoul. 40 31 50 60 1 9 9 Dacca Ilomæpathic School Government Pornucular Survey Schools. 4 2.881 ... ... Dacca Patria Cuttack 1 1 401 +2 3,2115 2,54 2,325 75 14 10 93 11 3 60 . . 86 11 14) 0+ bi 2.79 ... ... Total ... 3 1.16 113 7,18 X9X1 8,374 71 12: 01% 1% 10) Unaided Surrey School. Ranchi Burveyinu School for the truining of a Woulis. 1 10 17 8+ ...... S. +15 0 Government Arilean Schools. 430 13 ... Ranohi Dohrde 1 1 30 72 750 510 1.900 610 8 ... Tota) 2 102 00) 1, 2:0) 450 1,740 185 Unaided Artisan School. 1 28 24 ...... 121) Nawsdt Artisan Bohool in Monglyr. 120 600) 250. Comparing these figures with those of the preceding year, it appears that the number of law students in Government colleges has decreased from 270 to 143. The decrease The decrease has been nioro has been niore or less marked in most of the colleges, the Presidency Collego slicwing the largest falling off (from 121 to 11). The Dacca College and the Ravenshaw College, Cuttack, show a small increuse in the number of pupils. Tho Metropolitan Institution and the City College, both in Calcutta, which aro now afiliated in law to the University, ·78 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR DIRECTO SPROVAL INSTRUCTION. have 421 pupils in their law classes, so that the total number of law students is 564 against 460 of the preceding year. The number of students in the Medical College has increased from 117 to 126, but the Engineering College shows a small decline from 170 to 166. All these departments of instruction are connected with the University; the preliminary qualifications roquired being the B. A. degree for law, the First Arts certificate for medicine, and and tho Entrance certificate for ongineering. The total number of those reading for a professional career has increased from 747 to 856. The Government School of Art has 96 pupils against 77 in the previous year. Taking schools of a lower status, the pupils in Government vernacular schools of medicino have advanced from 310 to 391. If we add to these the Dacca IIomapathic school, which has 46 pupils, the number of students in medical schools is 437. The surveying schools at Dacca, Patna, and Cuttack show an increase in the number of their pupils, the total being 146 against 114 of the preceding year. 251. Law.--'I'here are seven Government colleges of the first grade, to each of which a law class, preparing for the B. L. degree, is attached. Ag stated before, tho unaided first grade Metropolitan Institution and the second grade City College have now the largest numbor of law students on their rolls, the lower rates of fecs charged by them having drawn off almost all the pupils from the Presidency College. The total expenditure in the law classes of the Government colleges was Rs. 27,086 against Rs. 23,892 in the year before. For the first time, however, the Law Department of the Presidency College has cost Goverment Rs. 10,680 during tho year. Tho lecturers in all the other colleges are paid from foes, which anıounted in tho aggregate to Rs. 16,406. The question of closing the law class at tho Prosidency College is now ripo for solution. The following tablo shows the results of the examination for the degree of Bachelor of Law, the number passed being 94 against 67 in the previous year. All the colleges have done fairly, the Presidency College taking the lead as in previous years. The Metropolitan Institution has passed 14 out of its 18 candidates, two of them being in the first division, a decidedly creditable result. Statement showing the results of the examination for the degree of Bachelor of Lau. PARD IN TIR- Number of candidates. First L:YINIO. Second Division. 2 52 9 ... ... ... ... Presidency Collego Hooghly Kishnaghur Dacca Rajshabyo Patna Metropolitan Institution 65 9 3 10 2 9 18 2 9) 8 2 7 12 ... ... ... lalei Total 116 6 88 In the preceding year, out of 103 candidates, only two passed in the first and 65 in the second division. Presidency College.-- The number of students on the 31st March was only 11, against 121 on the same date in the previous year, as detailed below: 1892. 1883. Inoroase. Docreano. .. . ... 88 19 8 ... ... Srd-yoar B.L. class 2nd 1st 2nd Pleudersbip class 195 22 47 ... . ... 2. ... . .. 47 ...... Total 191 11 ..... 110 There is therefore a loss of 110 students in this department, due to the affiliation in law of the Metropolitan Institution and the City College, in both of which the fees charged are at the rates of Rs. 3, Rs. 4, and Rs. 5 for the three classes respectively, while the fee-rato in the Presidency, College is Rs. 20.a month in the four higher classes, and Rs. 5 a month in the lowest. Nine of the ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 79 ANSTRUCTION 254. 1 students are Hindoos, one is a Mahomedan, and one Christian. The fee-roceipts were Rs. 6,915 against Rs. 20,749, and the expenditure Rs. 17,594 against Rs. 18,383 in the previous year. Whether the law classes in the Presidency College will be retained is under consideration. 253. Hooghly College.--On the death of the law-lecturer, Baboo Nabin Krishna Mookerjea, M.A., B.L., Baboo Sib Nath Banerjea, M.A., B.L., was appointed in his place. There wero 30 students on the 31st March, against 37 of last year; 12 in the first-year class, 8 in the second, and 10 in the third. The law-lecturer is paid by fees up to a limit of Rs. 2,400 a year. The feo-receipts were Rs. 2,331 against Rs. 1,900 of last year. 255. Dacca College. There were 40 students on tho 31st March against 38 of last year and 30 of the year before. The steadily increasing numbers attest the popularity of the Law Department. The receipts and expenditure were Rs. 3,462 and Rs. 2,389 against Rs. 3,036 and Rs. 2,370 of the preceding yoar. Luw-books to the value of Rs. 100 were purchased during the year. 256. Patna College.-- The number of students on the 31st March was 32 against 37 of last year; 1-4 in tho first-year class, 11 in the second, and 7 in the third. Of these, 24 woro Biharis and 8 Bengalis; and there were 29 Hindoos and 3 Mahomedans. The feo-receipts were Rs. 2,868, showing a surplus of Rs. 468 after meeting the salary of the lecturer. 257. Kishnaghur College.--The number of students was reducod from 12 on the 31st March 1882 to six on the same date of 1883; the fulling off is ascribed to the affiliation in law of two privato colleges in Calcutta, where lower rates of fees are charged. Tho fce-receipts were Rs. 633 against Rs. 1,274 of the preceding year. 259. Rajshahye College.-The number of students on the last day of the year was 12 against 17 of the previous year. The law-lecturer is paid partly by foes and partly by the interest of an endowment of Rs. 20,000 made by Rani Manniolini Debi of Putia towards the support by the law classog. 259. Ravenshaw College, Cuttack.-On the transfor to Krishnagur of the lawlecturer, Baboo Lukhi Narayan Das, M.A., B.L., Mr. E. S. Wilkins, Barrister-atlaw, was appointed law-lecturer. This gentleman having resigued during the course of tho current year, Baboo Madhu Sudun Das, M.A., B.L., & pleader of the local bar, has been recommended for the appointnicnt. The number of students on the 31st March was 13 against 8 of last year. 260. Midnapore Collegc.-The law classes for highor grado pleadors, which had been held in abeyance for the last few yoars for want of students, wore re-opened in January 1883 with an attendance of 5 students; three in the first-year class and two in the second. 261. Chittagong College.—There wero on tho 31st March two studonts in the Law Departmont--ono in the first-year ploadership class, and one in the socond. The single student in the second-year class passed tho senior grade pleadership examination - held during the year, and is now practising at the local bar. 262. Metropolitan Institution.--The nuinber of studonts attending the law classes was 283 on the last day of the official year. The fees charged are Rs. 3, Rs. 4, and Rs. 5 for the throo classes ruspectively. This lower rate of fees has drawn a large number of students from the Presidency College. 263. City College.--The City College was affiliated in law iu January the number of students on the 31st March was 138,-69 in the first year class, 50 in the second, and 19 in the third. The rate of fces is Rs. 3, Ks. 4, and Rs. 5 respectively as in the Metropolitan Institution. 264. Medical College. The following changes took place in the staff of the College. During the absence of Dr. J. M. Coates, M.D., on privilege leave for three months, Dr. Harvey acted as Principal in addition to his own duties. On the retirement of Dr. E. T. Charlos, Dr. Harvey was confirmed in his appointment as Professor of Midwifery in the College, and as Obstetric Physician in the Hospital. Mr. Woods, Professor of Dentistry, took sick leave for four months, and Dr. McConnell went on furlough for seven months. Dra. Mackenzie and Cunningham resumed their duties in the College on their retarn from leave. Dr. R. C. Chundra took furlough for one year and seven 1883;

·80 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR AT'KLIAL INSTRUCTION. months at the close of the session, and Dr. McConnell, on his return from leave, was appointed to act for him as Professor of Materia Medica and Clinical Medicine, and Second Physician to the Hospital. All students of the College undergo a undergo a course of medical training for five years, though the hospital apprentices read for only three years in the College, their first two years being spent with a regiment. The test for admission to the full five years' College course is the First Arts examination. At the beginning of tho session in June 1882, 117 students rojoined their classes. During its course 111 students were admitted or re-admitted, thus thero was a total of 228 students against 238 of last year. Of the 111 students, the 10 who had obtained the highest marks in the University B.A. and F.A. examivations, received frco presentations, 64 enrolled themselves as paying students, 28 joined as hospital apprentices, and nine as casual students. At the end of the session, five senior scholars and six paying students passed their final M.B. or L.M.S. examination, 15 hospital apprentices passed and left for regimental duties, whilo ono senior and seven junior scholars, and 54 paying and nine free students ceased to attend. Two hospital apprentices were discharged, two resigned the servico, and onc died. Thus at the close of the session, the strength of the College classes was 126 against 117 and 123 of the two preceding years. Of 40 candidates for the First M.B. and L.M.S. examinations, 12 passed, of whom five wcro placed in the first division. Of 37 candidates for the final examination, il passed. Since the first establishment of the English class of this College, 4+ years ago, 731 students have obtained degrees and licenses in medicine and surgery. Of these, 26 were from Ceylon. Five native lais passed 'iu midwifery against four of last year. One military and five civil pupil nurses were passed out as midwives. The College library received considerable addition during the year. The old museuin is under thorough repairs. 265. Campbell Medical Schoul.--Tliere wore 170 students on the rolls against 149 of the previous year Tho session opened with 82 students, and 88 now admissions and re-admissions were made of 65 first-year students, 63 passed for promotion to the second-year class. Of 44 second-year students who prosented themselves for the first diploma examination, 38 passed against 31 of last year. Of the six unsuccessful candidates, five failed in anatony. Of 33 students at the final examination, 20 passed ügainst 44 of the previous year. Of the 13 unsuccessful candidates, eight failed in medicine only, two in surgery, and three in other subjects. 266. Compounders' clu8s.There were suven admissions to this class during the year under report against 14 of lust year. The decrease is probably due to thio holding of half-yearly examinations of students attending tho compounders' class. A special examination was held on the 30th October 1882 of candi. daies who had compounded and dispensed English medicines for at least At this cxumination 91 candidatos-two Europeans and Eurasians and 89 natives—appeared. One European and 54 native candidates passed. 207. Dacca Mcrlical School. There were at the close of the session 22 students in the third and fourth-year classes, 54 in the second-year, and 43 in the first-year, making a totul of 119 against 97 of the previous year. Of these, 25 were vernacular scholars, eight held medical scholarships, and 11 were free students. Sixteen out of total of 22 candidates passed the final diploma examination aguinst 14 of last year. Thirty-nine out of 54 passed the junior diploma examination. At the compounder examination there were eight candidates, of whom five passed. 268. Temple Medical School, Bankipore.—There were at the beginning of the session 167 students, two belonging to the military and 155 to the civil class. Both the military students were in the third-year class. The civil class consisted of 34 fourth and third-year, 36 second-year, and 85 first. year students. Four students of the second-year class were struck off for three years.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 81 TRUTUROMONT one default in payment of school fees, and 28 of the first-year "class left. Thus there were at the end of the season 123 civil students against 99 of last year, Both the military students passed the final examination. Of 34 fourth and third-year students, 26 passed the final diploma examination against 19 of the preceding year. Of 32 second year students, 21 passed the junior examination against 32 of last year. 269. Cuttack Medical School. There were 36 students on the rolls against 30 of last year, 13 in the first-year class, 10 in the second, and 13 in the third. Ten candidates presented themselves for the first diploma examination, and eight passed against eleven of last year. Of 13 candidates for the final diploma examination, twelve passed against five of the preceding year and six of the year before. ENGINEERING 270. Seebpore Engineering College. The following changes took place in the staff of the College. On the return from furlough of Mr. S. F. Downing, the Principal, in January, Mr. J. S. Slater proceeded to Europe on 18 months' loave. Baboo Surendra Kumar Bose, Assistant Teacher of Drawing, taking leave for six months, Baboo Radha Kumar Guha was appointod to act for him. Engineer Department. T'hero were on the 1st April 1882, 66 students on the rolls ; 30 in the first-year class, 14 in the second, 16 in the third, and six in the fourth. Five out of six students in the fourth-year class went up for the L. O. E. examination in May, and only one passed. All the 16 studonts of the third-year passed for promotion to the fourth-year. Six students of the second-year were promoted to the third-year, of whom obtained employment. The first-year class, since reduced to 19, appeared at the annual examination in january, and 12 passed. Thero were threo re-admissions and one withdrawal, so that the number in the second year amounted to 14. The number in the first year was 26-24 new admissious, six re-admissions, and four withdrawals, thus making up a total of 61 on the last day of the official year. Apprentice Department. The number of students on the 1st April 1882 was 104-56 in the first-year class, 18 in the socond, 18 in tho third, and 12 in the fourth. All the 12 students of the fourth-year passed the final examination. Thirteen students of the third-year wore promoted to tho fourth year. These together with two failed. Dehree students, who were promoted as a special case, increased the number to 15 in the fourth-year. Eleven studonts of the second-year passed for promotion to the third-year, and there were two re-admissions, thus making the number in the third-year 13. Thirty-six students of the first-year woro promoted to the second-year. These, together with four re-admissions, made up a total of 50 in the second-year. The strength of the first-year was 37--23 new admissions and 14 re-admissions, thus the total number on the 31st March last was 105. 271. Survey operations. The second and third-year engineer classes went to Muddaporo for the annual survey works. The first-year engineer class and the second and third-year apprentice classes were instructed in surveying during the cold season. The drawing school with attached lecture-rooms was completed during the year. The new buildings for native students are in course of erection. Steps are also being taken to improve the sanitary condition of the College premises and the adjoining grounds. The health of the College was fair. Tho athletic club is much in the same state as last year. The volunteer corps is in a flourshing condition. The library has been considerably enlarged during the year. The conduct and progress of the students in the workshops have been satisfactory. The contract of the boarding arrangements for the Christian students was transferred from the Public Works to the Education Department. A native mess, under the control of the college authorities, was also opened during the year. The total number on the mess roll was 153—83 native and 70 Christians. The Board of visitors met thrice during the year, and transacted the business brought before them. L ·82 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR TRIAL INTRUCNON. 272. Public Works Department Examinution. The subjoined table shown the number of candidates from the Seebpore College, and the number that passed the various tests for employments in the Public Works Department: Avquor 1882. FEBRUARI 1888. BAXIKATION. Nother examined. Number passed, Number examined. Number paaud 1 . .III • 900 ... *19.5 ... ... Por Amnistunt Engineer grade Sub-Enginror grado Overwer Sub-Overseer Accountant 1 ) 1. ... ... 26 1 68 21 OC On the result of the departmental and college oxaminations, one certificate was issued for the grado of Assistant Engineer, two for that of overseer, one of sub-overseer, and 49 of accountant. 273. Dacca Survey School. There wcro There wcro on tho 31st March 52 students against 42 of the preceding year, 35 in the first t-year class, and 17 in the second. Of 23 candidates who appeared at the annual examination, of the first-year class 16 were considered eligible for promotion. For the final examination, 15 students presented themselves, and nino passed. The receipts for fees were Rs. 401 against Rs. 380 of last year, and the expenditure Rs 3,264 against Rs. 2,899. The increased expendituro was due to the survey school, which was hitherto held in the college buildings, being removed to a rented house during the year under review. There is a great demand for the passed students of the Dacca Survey School in connection with the State Railway Surveys, that are going on at Dacca and Mymensingh. 274. Patna Survey School. There were on the 31st March 43 students against 29 of last year, 33 Hindoos and 10 Mahomedans. Twelve out of sixtoon students of the first-year were promoted to the second-year. All the nine students of the second-year class passed the final examination, The receipts for focs wero Rs. 242 against Rs. 184 of last year, and the expenditure Rs. 2,584 against Rs. 2,438. There is an increased deniand for the passed pupils of the Patna Survoy School--a fact that has added to the popularity of the institution, Cuttack Survey School. The number of students increased from 43 on the 31st March 1882 to 51 on the same date of 1883. The chargo of educating three of these students is paid by private liberality. Of 28 students who appeared at the annual examination of the first-year class, 18 were promoted to the sccond-year. The results of the final examination were fairly satisfactory. T'he fee-receipts were Rs. 246, and the expenditure Rs. 2,525. A survey class was opened at Ranchi during tho year under report for training up ameens for employment in the Chota Nagpore estate, and also in the road cess and other local works. It is supported from municipal funds, and is attended by Native Christians. The work of instruction is carried on during his leisuro hours by Baboo Kesab Lal Bose, socond master of the Ranchi zilla school, and lately an officer of the Public Works Department, for which he is allowed an additional remuneration. There were 16 students on the rolls on the 31st March. The total expenditure was Rs. 85. 275. The Dchrce Industrial School. This is really a middle vernacular school for the education of the children of the work people at Dehree, though other children of the neighbourhood are also allowed to attend. The number on the roll was 72 agaiost 61. Of these, 67 are Hindus and 15 Mahomedans. The cost to Government in the Public Works Department was Rs. 540. Two students went up to the middle vernacular scholarship examination, but neither passed. 'Iho general management of the school is good. 276. Patna Industrial School. This school has been lately re-opened. It has furnished no returns. 277. Ranchi Industrial School.This is an aided school under the Berlin Mio sion. The number of students was 30 against 27 of the preceding year. The papilo receive monthly stipends of one or two rupees, and are trained in blacksmith's work and carpentry, besides reading, writing, and arithmetio. The total ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION: 83 Motond 1 It expenditure was Rs. 1,200, of which Rs. 750 was paid by Government and Rs. 450 realized for the sale proceeds of articles manufactured at the work. shop attached to the school, against a total of Rs. 1,180, of which Rs. 780 was paid by Government in the previous year. Both the Commissioner and the Inspector recommend that in order to increase the usefulness of the institution, it should be placed in charge of a trained mechanic. At present the work now turned out is of the most ordinary kind. 278. The Artizan School at Nawadi in Monghyr.-- This school is supported by the East Indian Railway Company at a cost of Rs. 120 per annum. had 25 pupils, who were the sons of the railway, employés. 279. Jamalpore Workshop. --- There is a workshop of the East Indian Rail. way Company at Jamalporo, serving the purpose of a training school for artizans. 280. School of Art.-During the absence on leave to Europe of the permanent Principal Mr. Locke, Mr. Schaumburg has been in charge of the institution. The number of students on the rolls on the 31st March 1883 was 96 against 77 of the previous year. Of these 14 were in the architectural drawing class, 4 in the modelling, 4 in the wood-engraving, 6 in the water-colour painting, 24 in the cast-drawing, and 28 in the elementary class, besides 16 in the new classes opened by Mr. Schaumburg, namely 3 in the oil painting class, 2 in the decorative painting, 3 in the landscape painting, and 8 in the lithographing class. The fee receipts were Rs. 2,406, and the total expenditure Rs. 16,847 against Rs. 1,958 and Rs. 22,020 respectively of the year before. The school continues to maintain its high standard of efficiency. Classes for two new branches of art industry, namely wood-carving and stone-cutting, which were proposed by the Officiating Principal last year, have not been openod for want of funds. Mr. Schaumburg, however, states that wood-carving and motal-chasing are now going on in connection with the forthcoming Exhibition, and that though the workinen employed are hired artizans, the designs are made entirely by tho students of the school. There is one more class of art industry, viz., pottery, which though temporarily attempted for the purposes of the Exhibition, will, the Principal hopes, be rotained permanently without any additional expendituro. 281. Art Gallery.--No additions have been made to the Art Gallery during the year. European ladies and gentlemen as well as nativo students, have availed themselves of the facilities afforded by the collection to improve their studios by copying some of the paintings. The expendituro was Rs. 4,706, and the balance in hand for the purchase of works of Art amounts to Rs. 5,294. The gallery was open to the public for 155 days during the year. The number of visitors was 4,018, of whom 589 were Europeans and Eurasians, 311 were Mahomedans, and 3,118 were Hindus. 282 Government Normal Schools.-There are now 15 Government normal schools, including a small training class at Ghatsila in Singbhoom. The first grado schools are those of Calcutta, Hooghly, Dacca, Chittagong, Rungpore, Patna, Ranchi, and Cuttack; the third grado schools are at Julpigoree, Motihari, Chyebassa, Palamow, Balasore, and Pooree. There are no schools of the second grade. 283. The following is the result of the Vernacular Mastership examination of 1882 for the pupils of first grado normal schools. Those at Cuttack Patna, and Ranchi, in which the medium of instruction is other than Bengali are not included in the common examination: Vernacular Mastership Examination, 1882. FIRST GRADD CERTIFTOATES. BECOND GRADE CERTIFICATES. THIRD GRADE CERTIFICAT88. TOTAL Name or School... Number of can. didatea, Mediam. Total passed. Number of can. didates. Total pasked. High. Number of candidates. Mediom. LOT. Total pasked. High. Low. High. Medium 401 Posted. 8883. Candidato. 28 18 13 13 8 18 5 8 23 4 18 GA 28 15 16 18 21 28 86 eu .. 14 19 20 17 11 19 1 0 Hoorbly Otratte 1 coot in sporo and students Potal PO ... 9 27 8 8 12 19 13 9 10 16 di 000 .. DO .. 19 . 9 108 17 53 70 198 34 69 ... og 999 he 916 L 2 ·84 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR SPECIAL DISTRUOTION. In 1881, 218 candidates passed out of 251. In 1882, while the number of candidates was 292, the number of successful candidates was only 215. The Hooghly Normal School, though still occupying the first place among normal schools, passed 62 only out uf its 86 candidates. The Calcutta Normal School passed 43 out of 60 candidates, and the Dacca School 49 out of 55. The Rungpore Normal School did very creditably, 30 out of its 39 candidates being successful. Although the stipend allowance has been increased in some of the schools, the present demand for trained teachers is so large as to rendor further increase in the allowance absolutely necessary. 281. The following statement shows the outturn of all Government normal schools of the first and third grades, including those first grado schools that were not subjected to the common examination. The number of students declared qualified for the post of lead vernacular teacher of a middle school was only 70, and tho demand for the services of trained teachers was so large that all who passed at once received employment. The fact is, as stated in last roport, our normal schools cannot turn out teachers enough to meet the requirements of middle schools, especially in Behar:- NUMBER OF PUPILS WHO OBTAINED CERTIFICATES DURING TIB TRAB. NAMEN OP BCUOLA. First grade, Second grudo. Third grade. Total . Pundit Department. 1. Tonghly Normal School 2. Culeuttu ditto 8. Duce ditto 4. Chittagong ditto 6. Rungporo ditto 6. Tatra ditto 7. Cuttack ditto 8. Kanchi dutto 20 23 19 ... 18 8 105 7 8 8 8 2 12 14 5 11 18 6 1 3 49 21 88 21 10 .. .. 11 .. 7 Totul 70 699 102 1.. 201 .... 21 ...... 19 Guru Department. 1. Julpigoroo Normal School 2. Chyebas a cillo 3. Ranchi ditto 4. Motihari ditto 6. Palumnow ditto 6. Balasoro ditto 7. Pro on ditio 8. Cuttack ditto 9. Kuukporo ditto 8 14 11 6 14 80 28 30 :::::: 11 S 15 19 11 20 0 1 7 41 17 Total 09 18 208 * Orade of cortificates not statod. 285. IIooghly Normal School. On the 31st March last there were 112 students, including 98 boarders, aguinst 102 on the corresponding date of the preceding year. Of those, four hold middle vernacular scholarships, 13 are feopaying students, and tho remaining 05 holl normal school scholarships of Rs. 3 or Rs. 4 a month. Of the total number of students, 36 are from Burdwan, 12 from Hooghly, 10 from Howrah, 8 from Beerbhoom, 11 from Bankura, 18 from Midnapore, and the rest from districts outside the Burdwan Division. The school maintains its position as the first institution of the kind in Bengal. During the year under report, 20 of the passed students of the Hooghly Normal School obtainod employment in the Burdwan and Presidency Divisions. The demand for the servicos of trained teachers continues to be in excess of the supply. 286. Calcuttu Normal School. There were on the 31st March last 68 students against 63 of the preceding year. Of these, 13 are from the 24-Pergunnahs, six from Jessore, fivo from Nuddea, two from Khoolna, and the rest from districts outside the Presidency Division. Of 50 candidates at the mastership and Normal school examination, 43 passed against $7 of last year. The head-master rocommends the introduction of English into the Normal school course, and an increase in the stipendiary grant from Rs. 200 to Rs. 300 a month, in order to moot the growing wants of the school. 287. Darca Normal School. The number of students rose from 64 on the 31st March 1882 to 76 on the same date of 1883; 42 being in the first-year class, 20 in the second-year, and 14 in the third-year. Of the total number of pupils, 34 are from Dacca, 22 from Backergunge, seven from Furreedpore, six from Mymensingh, four from Tipperah, and the rest from districts outside the Dacca and Chittagong Divisions. The result of the annual examination ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 85: INÁTADOTION. WE H was very satisfactory. The Dacca Normal School is in a fair way to regain its furmer position. 288. Chittagong Normal School.--The number of students on the 31st March is 43 against 42 in the previous year. Of these, 38 are from Chittagong, three from Noakholly, and one and one each from Tipperah and Dacca. All the students, except five, wero Hindus, one being a Bhuddist and four Mahommedans. Eight of the passed students left the school with appointments. Of the 43 students, 21 held scholarships and 22 paid fees. The school is in a satisfactory condition. 289. Rungpore Normal School.—There were 41 students on the 31st March, against 43 of the previous year; 14 in the first-year class, 16 in the secondyear, and 11 in the third-year. Of the total number of pupils, 27 aro Hindus and 14 Mahomedans. Ten came from Pubna, 10 from Rajshahye, six from Rungpore, three from Bogra, and the rest from districts outside tho Rajshahye Division, 290. Paina Normal School.-The Patna Normal School is the only school of its kind to which an English department is attached. The number of students on the 31st March last was 105, including 45 boarders, against 93 of the previous year, 84 belonging to the vernaculnr, and 21 to the English department. Of the total number of students, 34 aro fron, Patna, 21 from Sarun, 18 from Shahabad, 10 from Mozufferporc, eight from Gya, seven from Monghyr, three from Durbhunga, and two from each of the districts of Clumparun and Bhagulpore. Ninety-three are Hindoos, and 12 Mahonicdans. Soven students of the English and 15 of the vernacular department obtained appointments during the year. The result of the annual examination was fair. Twenty-one students of the vernacular and eight of the English department obtained pass certificates. 291. Cuttack Normal School.Thero wore on the 31st March 59 students against the same number of last year, 33 belonging to the pundit and the rest to the guru department. Of the 33 pupils attending the pundit departmont, 27 hold scholarship, and the rest pay fecs. Nineteen of these are Brahmins-- a fact showing that tho Ooriya Brahinins tako rcadily to the occupation of a teacher. Two students from the Kondinals liave for tho first time joinod the Cuttack Normal School. Twenty-fvur candidates from the pundit department passed the examination for certificates against 25 of the preceding year, eight for the first grade, five for the second, and 11 for the third. The school is rising in popularity and usefulness. 292. Ranchi Normal School.-Tho Ranchi Normal School had 68 students on the rolls against 56 of last year, 30 belonging to the puudit and 38 to the guru department, aguinst 27 and 29, in all 50 in the two departments in the previous year. Of the total nuinber of pupils, 42 aro Hindoos, 12 Christians, 8 Kols, and 6 Mahomedang. At tho annual examination held in December, two candidates from the third year, two from the second year, and seven from the first-year class competed, of whom two, one, and four respectively were successful. The question of reorganizing the Ranchi Normal School on an improved basis is under consideration. 293. Julpigorce Normal School. The third grade normal school at Julpigoree was permitted to open a first-year pundit class during the year under review. The number of students attending the class was five, all of whom had passed the vernacular scholarship examination. 294. The Motihari Normal School had an attendance of 20 pupils, and cost Government Rs 1,242 in the year. It turned out 30 gurus, of whom 25 received appointments in patsbalas. Of the 20 pupils on the roll, tlie Assistant Inspector found only eight who wore real gurus. Both the Magistrato and the Inspector seem alive to the necessity of reform in the management of the institution. 295. The normal schools at Pooree and Balasore had respectively 15 and 16 names on their rolls at the close of the year. The Balasore school is reported to be efficient, but the management of the Pooroo school is said to bo indifferent. The Joint-Inspector states that as the number of untrained gurus in Orissa is about 8,000, these schools should either be abandoned or considerably strengthened so as to be able to meet the object for which they were intended. The Pooree school passed out 140, the Balasore school 30 gurus.

·86 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR BPNO1AL DIRBUCTION, 296. The Palamow Normal School bad 17 pupils on the rolla, against 18 of the preceding year. It turned out 23 pupils, and is reported to be more succe#&- fully worked than the guru class at the Ranchi Normal School. 297. The Chyebassa NormasSchool bad 21 pupils against 23. Of these 14 wore Hindoos, two Tamarials, and one Gond. There were 13 stipendiary pupils, of whom nine were actual gurus. The total expenditure was Rs. 862. "The school turned out 11 gurus. The school is said to be ably managed by the head-master. 298. The Ghatsila training class is attached to the local vernacular school, and is supported out of the savings of the Chyebassa Normal School. The expenditure was Rs. 177, and the school turned out eight gurus. This choap class meets the requiremonts of Dhalbhum, the vernacular of which is Bengali. 299. AIDED NORMAL SCHOOLS FOR MASTERS. The Sonthal Normal School.--The aided normal school at Bhimporo, in the district of Midnapore, consists of a male and a female department. There were in the male department 57 students, and in the female department 29, against 49 and 30 respectively of last year. Of the total number of pupils, 55 are Sonthals, 27 Native Christians, and 4 Ilindoos, The course of studies in the highost class is much the same as that prescribed for the middle vernacular scholarship examination, The passed students of this school find omployment in the jungle schools under the American missionaries on salaries ranging from Rs. 6 to Rs. 9 a month. 300. Krishnagar Normal School. This is a special school under the Church Mission Society for the training of teachers for the Mission schools of the middle vernacular and primary classes. The Government grant is Rs. 132-8 a month. The number of students on the 31st March was 27 against 30 of the previous year. All the pupils aro Native Christians, and 17 of them learn both English and Bengali. Ilis Honor the Lieutenant-Governor visited the school in September last. 301. Ranchi Mission School. This school is under the Berlin Mission. It had 255 students on the rolls on the 31st March last, against 214 of the preceding year, showing an increase of 41 pupils. The pupils are all Native Christians, belonging to the poorer classos of the society. The school-house, furniture, and appliances are all of the best description, and the management and disci. pline highly satisfactory. The teaching staff is strong and efficient. 302. The Darjeeling Mission School.-Of this school no report has been received. 303. Aided Normal Schools for Mistresses. Of these there are two with pupils, the Froo Church Normal School for natives, and the Church of England Zenana Mission Normal School for Eurasians, both in Calcutta. The former, besides its special work as a training school, has achieved great success in the Entrance and First Arts examinations. In the latter Eurasian girls are trained to become toachers in native schools and zenanas, They pay Rs. 15 a month for board and instruction. 304. GOVERNMENT MADRASSAS.--The following is a comparative statement of the attendance and expenditure of madrassas for the last two years. The Calcutta Madrassa is maintained from provincial revenues ; the others from the Mohsin Fund. The yearly assignments to the latter are to Dacca, Rs. 10,000; Rajshahye, Rs. 7,000; Chittagong, Rs. 7,000; and Hooghly, Rs. 4,000:- Roovipta from Government. Total expenditure, Wiadrag... Number of pupils in 1842 1888. 1882. 1883. 1802 1888 Rs. R. Rs. R. 253 11,632 10,702 ... Calcutta (Arabic Do. partment) Hooghly Rajshahyo ... Dacca Chittagong 87 332 314 252 40 127 838 382 12,791 7,448 6,825 11,864 8,588 11,970 2,488 7,523 12,648 8,687 ... ... Total *** 1,089 1,139 11,632 10,702 49,618 43,816 .

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUOTION. 87 305. The distribution of the income arising from the Mohsin Endowment Fund is shoryn below, together with the actual expenditure in the year: PROLAL INSTRUOHOH. • Statements of assignment from the Mohsin Fund. Fund. Assigamont. Rs. 28,780 Expenditure. Rs. P. 38,443 2 2 Assignments of Madrassas Dicto for part payment of foos in colleges and schools, and of Arabic and Persian teachers Mohsin scholarships Miscellaneous ... ... ... 18,790 9,702 70 10,880 10 9 ... ... Total 66,412 40,323 12 6 I.. 306. The central examination of all the madrassas was held in December 1882. The comparative results are given in the following table :- Madrastas. Nuinber ol aandidatos. Firat division. Booond divisiun, Third divi. Bion, Totul. 6 ... 6 Calcutta Dacra Cluttagong Rajshahyo Hooghly 70 28 50 12 12 ... 32 7 8 2 2 16 6 10 53 19 21 3 3 3 O Total 172 51 21 39 111 307. The following table gives the results of the examination in further detail:- Central Eramination of Madrassar, 1882. NUMBER WHO I'ABSED IN- Number CLABYES. Madrassos. Total number pasaud. candidates. First Second Third division, division. division. 13 1 Fourth-year olasa I. 14 7 8 $ 16 1 .... 3 6 1 2 1 Third your clase 10 . 1 1 2 Onlcntta Dacy'n Chittagong Rujahahyo Calcutta Drica ... Chittagong Rajshahyo Hooghly Valoutta Decca ... Ohittagong Rajshahyo Hooghly Caloutte Dacre ... Chittagong Rujkhalıye Hooghly 2 6 1 ------------ 1 Second-year Olass ... .. 1 LOS **** 2 0 6 1 2 1 8 2 1 S First-your clara .... 1 8 ..... Total 172 61 21 90 111 .. 308. Of the 172 candidates, 51 passed in the first division, 21 in the second, and 39 in the third, and 61 failed. This is a very satisfactory result as compared with those of the two previous years, as will be seen from the following statement : - 1880. 1881. 1889. ... Number present at the examination Ditto passed in the first division Ditto ditto second ditto Ditto ditto third ditto Ditto failed 165 27 3 46 104 34 15 89 76 172 61 81 39 61 ... 89 ..1 309. Calcutta Madrassa.-The number of students on the 31st March was 1,116 against 1,123 of last year. Of these, 252 belonged to the Arabic Department, 442 to the Anglo-Persian Department, and 422 to the Colinga Branch ·88 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR PUCLAL FIMOTBOOTION. School. Of the 1,116 pupils, 697 are students of English, and 419 of Oriental languages only. They are distributed as follows: Oriental students. Arabic department Oriental department of the branch school 262 157 ... Total 419 English students. Anglo.Persian dopartment English department of the branch school 442 265 Total 697 Two students of the Arabic dopartment and 28 of the Oriental department of the branch school attend classes of the English department for additional instruction, in English. The students of the Arabic department are, without exception, Sunnis. There are 21 Shiahıs in the Anglo-Persian department, and six in the branch school. 310. The total expenditure of the Calcutta Madrassa and the branch school was as follows:- Rs. Arabic department 11,970 Anglo-Persian department 17,717 Colinga Branch School 6,941 ... ... ... .. Total 36.628 against Rs. 36,019 of last year. The increase of cost was chiefly due to grade increments in the salaries of teachers. The fee-receipts were- Arabic departmont Anglo-Persian department Colinga Branch School Rs. 1,268 4,522 1,120 ... ... ... Total 7,210 against Rs. 6,541 of the previous year. Taking the Arabic department by itself, the number of students on the 31st March was 252 against 253 of the previous year. The annual exanination was, as usual, conducted by the Central Board of Examiners appointed to examino the five Madrassa at Calcutta, Hooghly, Dacca, Rajshahye, and Chittagong. The results of the examination are shown in the annexed table: NUMBKR PASAED IN TILB CLASSES. First division. Second division. Third division. Total. 14 ... Fourth senior olags Tbird ditto Booond ditto First ditto 13 8 6 6 1 6 8 6 16 *** 9 Total 82 6 18 89 The lower classes were examined by the teachers of the Madrassa. The result was satisfactory. Of 14 candidates at the University entrance examination, seven passed; one in the first division, four in the second, and two in the third. The library is in good order, and received considerable additions during His Excellency the Viceroy and Governor-General of India presided at the distribution of prizes held in the Madrassa in January last. Medals were liberally awarded, and scholarships endowed by Mahomedan gentlemen in commemoration of His Excellency's visit. the year.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 89 APROTAT INSTRUCTION. 0 Ordors have since been issued, sanctioning the elevation of the Calcutta Madrassa to the status of a second grade college. 311. Dacca Madrassa.The number of students on the 31st March was 338 against 332 of last year; 136 in the Arabic, and 202 in the English department. Of so candidates at the central examination, 19 passed against 17 out of 30 of the previous year; seven in the first division, six in the second, and six in the third. The junior classes and the English department were examined locally, and the results were fairly satisfactory. Of six candidates at the entrance examination, only ono passed against three of last year. The unsatisfactory result is ascribed to be variety of causes--the chicf being the ravages of cholera at this station. fee-receipts wero Rs. 2,027 against Rs. 1,332 of last year, and the expenditure, including the boarding charges, was Rs. 12,648. 312. Rajshahye Madrassa.-The number of students rose from 87 on the 31st March 1882 to 127 on tho samo date of 1883 -a fact that attests the popularity of the institution. All the districts comprised in the Rajshahye Division, with the exception of Dinagopur and Darjeeling, aro reprosopted in the Madrassa. Of 12 candidates at the central examination, nine passed, against eight of last year, two in the first division, threo in the second, and four in the third. The examination of the junior classes was conducted locally. The result was satisfactory. Orders have since been issued sanctioning the abolition of the Rajshahye Madrassa and the appropriation of the funds thus set free to the clevation of the Calcutta Madrassa to the status of a second grade collego. Tho fee-receipts were Rs. 225 against Rs. 181 of last year, and the expenditure, including the boarding charges, Rs. 8,119 against Rs. 7,206. The hostel is in a thriving condition, and the now madrassa building in course of erection. 313. Chittagong Madrassa.--The number of students on tho 31st March was 382, including 30 boarders, against 314 in tho provious year. The increase is chiefly due to the opening of two elementary classes in connection with tho Madrassa. Twenty-one candidates passed the central examination out of a total of 50 against i7 of last year. The junior classes were examinod locally, and the results were fair. English is taught only in the junior classes. The fee-recoipts were Rs. 889 against Rs. 747 of the previous year, and the expendituro Rs. 8,687 against Rs. 8,582. The Superintendent complains of the insufficiency of teachers attached to the Madrassa. The Magistrate supports his viows. The proposal of appointing additional teachers should be separately submitted. 314. Hooghly Madrassa.--There were on the 31st March last 40 students on the rolls, against 43 of the previous year, 22 in the senior and 18 in the junior dopártment. The results of the last central and annual examinations were fairly satisfactory. Of 17 candidates at the central examination, nino passed against 14 of last year, two in the first division, four in the second, and three in the third. 315. The receipts was Rs. 5,779, including the Mohsin grant of Rs. 5,633, and fees amounting to Rs. 146. The expenditure was Rs. 2,488. 316. Joraghat Branch Madrassa.—This school has ceased to be a madrassa, and is now a middle English school, teaching Persian, Bengali, and English. 317. UNAIDED MADRASSAS. Sitapore Madrassa.-In accordance with the orders of Government dated the 23rd April 1879, the Sitapore Madrassa in the district of Hooghly was visited in January last by Moulvi Abdul Hai of the Calcutta Madrassa. The number of students on the rolls was 22 against 21 of last year; the number in attendance was 16. Of these 20 were from the district of Hoogbly, 1 from Burdwan, and 1 from Maldah. There are three teachers attached to the Madrassa. An Arabic teacher, a Persian and Urdu teacher, and a Bengali teacher of mathematics. The result of the examinatiớn held was highly satisfactory. hi ·90 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR SPECIAL INSTRDOTIUN. 318. The other unaided madrassa in the Burdwan Division had each an average number of 20 pupils. The subjects taught are Persian and elementary Arabic. 319. Madrassa Sultan.s- Oudh. - The cost of the madrassa Sultan-i-Oudh, in the district of 24-Pergunnahs, was Rs. 36,000. The number of students was 22. It has a strong teaching staff, consisting of a European Principal and five Mahomedan teachers, costing Rs. 905 a month. costing Rs. 905 a month. The pupils are relatives of His Higliness the King of Qudh, and the standard reachod in the highest class is a little lower than tho University course. There is a strong committee of management, of which the Commissioner of the Division, the Agent to the Governor-General, and the Inspector of Schools, aro ex-officio members. 320. The Bankipore Madrassa-Ilad only 11 students on the rolls. 321. The Kanakha Maitrassa at Sasseram, in the district of Shahabad, is supported from the proccods of an endowment established by the Emperor Forokh Shah, at a cost, last year, of Rs. 7,175. The number of students was 135 against 100 tho year before. Thoro aro thrco Arabic and two Persian teachers, and a Hafiz, who teaches the proper intonation of the Koran when committed to memory. A new building is in course of crection, the course of studies is to be the same as in the Government madrassas. The Sub- Divisional Officer, Mr. Caspersz, takes a great interest in tho madrassa. Thero aro two madrassas with 44 pupils in Monghyr, teaching & higher course than ordinary. 322. Patuakhali Mailrassa.-This institution was established during the year under review. The number of pupils is 17. It is supported by the liberality of somo Mahomodan gentlemen in the district of Backergunge. 323. OTHER SCHOOLS.- Calcultu Music School. This school was established in 1871 under the auspices of Raja Sourendra Moliun Tagore, C.I.E., with the object of imparting instruction in Hindu niusic on scientific principles. In tho year 1880 it received a monthly grant uf Rs. 25. The number of students is 43 against 52 of the preceding year. Two music schools were established last year in the district of Bankoora one at the sudder station, and the other at Bissonporo, with Government grants of Rs. 10 and Rs. 8 respectively, paid from the district primary allotment. These schools are under the management of the local music societies, which are branches of the central academy of inusic at Calcutta. The chief gurus by turns attend theso schools and stay for short periods not exceeding a month at a time. The music schools are also open to the public, who may be admitted on a monthly fue of 8 annus. 324. Mulajor Sanskrit College. The number of pupils was 100 against 58 of tho previous year. The Maharaja Sir Jotindra Mohun Tagore, Bahadur, K.C.S.I., takes a lively interest in the institution, which is rogularly supervised by Pandit Mohes Chandra Nyayaratnu, C.I.E. The school is very successful at the Sanskrit titlo examination. The subjects of instruction are grammar, belles lettres, rhetoric, loyic, and law. The total cost of the institution during the past year was Rs. 4,656, paid from the proceeds of the endowment made by the late Baboo Prasana Kumar Tagoro, C.B.I. 325. Madhubuni Sanskrit School. The number of students on the 31st March last was 70 against 59 of the previous year. There are three departmonts teaching Ilindu law, philosophy, and literature,-respectively. It receives a monthly grant of Rs. 25. 326. The Maurbhanj Jubraj School-Was established for the education of the children of the chiefs of Maurbhanj. 327. Dacca Homeopathic Priorte School. This school, which numbers 46 students on its rolls, was established by some homeopathic practitioners in January 1883. The expenditure was Rs. 50, and tho receipts for fees Rs. 38. The teachers do their work gratuitously. 328. Sanskrit Title Examination. There were 61 candidates against 58 of the preceding year. Of these, 46 passed against 25 of tho year before, AI the candidates, cxcept four, were Bengalis, three being Uriyas, and one Hindustani. All were Brahmins. Three cumo from the tols at Benares, ons from the ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. AMICIAL INSCHBOTTOM Pooree Sanskrit Vidyalaya, two from the Dhenkanal School, Cuttack, four from the Calcutta Sanskrit College, and 50 from the tole of Lower Bengal, includ. ing eight from the Mulajor Sanskrit Vidyalaya, and one was a private student. The following list shows the subjects in which tho candidates presented themselves for examination, tho number of candidates, and the number who passed :- Numbor of oundidatos. Number punsod. 17 23 1. 28 ... 23 *** ... Kavya, or literature... Smriti, or larm Modern Dursana, 01 philosophy (u)---Logic (61-Vedanta philosophy (c)-Sanklya ditto (d)-Patangala ditto 5 .. ..I 1 3 1 2 8 1 ... ... Tutal ... 61 46 329. The Mulajor Sanskrit Vidyalya did remarkably well at this examination, occupying the first placo in tho three important subjects of Kavya, Snıriti, and Nyaya. 330. Pandit Mohes Chundra Nyayaratna observes that the Sanskrit Title Examination has become a popular institution both in Bengal and the surrounding provinces. Many wealthy Hindoo gentlemen liave offered rewards and scholarships for the encouragement of candidates. In addition to the benefac. tors detailed in last year's report, Baboo Mohini Mohan Ray, a leading pleader of the High Court, has increased the value of his roward of Rs. 40 to be given to a successful teacher of Smriti to Rs. 60. IIo lias also founded two annual rewards of Rs. 60 cach, to be given to successful candidates in pliilosophy and literature respectively, and has offered to found a reward in Hindoo medicine. Baboo Abinash Chundra Mitra, Officiatiny Sub-Judge, Mozufferpore, has awarded a silver medal to the best candidate from the tol of pandit Krishna Nath Nyayapunebanan of Purbusthali, district Burdwan. 331. Dacca Saraswat Samaj. - This is an association of pundits formed at Dacca for the promotion of Sanskrit learning. It recrives an annual grant of Rs. 500 from Government to meet a local income of Rs. 1,000. The society bestows titles similar to those conferred on the result of the Sanskrit title examination in Calcutta. The Inspector, Dr Martin, observos that the power assumed by the society to confer titles should be withdrawn, and the candidates from Dacca should compete for the title oxamination held in Calcutta, in common with candidates from other parts of the country, 332 AGRICULTURAL SCHOLARSTIITS.--In accordance with a resolution of the Government of Bengal in 1880, two scholarships were created of tho value of £200 a year each, tenable in an English Agricultural College for two years and-a-half by natives of Bengal, Behar, and Orissa, who have passed the B. A. examination on the physical side. A grant of Rs. 1,000 was also made to each selected candidate for the voyage to England, with a similar allowance for the return journey: At the third election, the two scholarships were awarded to Baboo Atul Krishna Ray Chowdhuri, M.A., and Baboo Bhopal Chundra Bose, B.A. Both the students had passed tho B. A. examination on the physical side, and one of them was at the time of his appointment a lecturer in the Cuttack College. The Government of Bengal, undor orders No. 132, dated 27th July 1883, sanctioned the establislıment of two scholarships, one of £50 and the other of £ 20, tenable at the Agricultural College, Cirencester, for competition by holders of agricultural scholarships from Bengal studying in that college, in order to encourage the study of Veterinary Science. 333. The Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science. This institution which owes its existence to the indefatigable exertions of Babu Mahendra Lal Sarkar, M.D., was formally opened in July 1876 under the presidency of Sir Richard Temple, then Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal; and ever since, lectures have been delivered on physics, chemistry, and astronomy to students and other persons by the Very Revd, Father Lafont, 8. J., Dr. Mahendra Lal Sarkar, Rovd. A. dePeneranda, s.5., and Baboo Tara Prasunna Ray, F.C.S., F.JC. The number of the audience varies from 60 to 100. A system of prizes, medals, and M 2 ·92 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 81DOIAL 'INSTRUOTION scholarships was instituted in 1878. The premises, 210 Bow Bazar Street, were originally acquired by Government at a cost of Rs. 65,000 and conveyed over to the Association for Rs. 30,000. A suitable lecture hall is in course of constuction at an estimated cost of Rs. 30,000, and will probably be completed before December 1883. The total subscriptions realized in aid of the Association amounted a year ago to more than one lakh and eighty thousand rupees. Buboo Kali Kissen Tagore of Calcutta subscribod Rs. 2,500 for the general purposes of the Association, Rs. 25,000 for a laboratory, and Rs. 5,000 in aid of the building fund. The late Maharajah of Puttiala subscribed Rs. 5,000 and the Maharani Sarnamayi of Cossimbazar Rs. 8,000; other noblemen and gentlemen also subscribed very handsome amounts. The institution has a collection of valuable instruments, and when the locture ball is completed a large addi. tion to the audience is expected. 334. The invested funds of the institution come up to Rs. 70,000, which yield an annual incomo Rs. 2,800. There are besides subscriptions which amount to about Rs. 150 a month. The lecturers are paid by fees received from the audience. His Excellency tho Viceroy laid the foundation-stone of the building on the 13th March 1882, and the Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal has consented to be President of the Association. IX-SCHOLARSHIPS. SCHOLARSHIPS. 339. The distribution of Government scholarships is subjoined: Class of scholarships, ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Sanctioned grunt. Expenditure. Rs. Rs. 24,720 25,160 45,735 45,683 53,24+ 15,144 18,480 76,948 1,800 10.680 8,820 4,800 4,382 9,072 2,832 2,709 1,200 1,200 Senior Junior Middle Upper primary Lower primary Girls' Engineering Medical Molsin Sanskrit College Art School I. ... II. ... I.. ... Total ... ... 1,87,707 * Exclusive of Rs. 2,690 provided for the Burmcso students' scholarships by Govocument. 336. The above are Government scholarships. A large number of scholarships have also been founded at various times by private munificeuce, some of which have been placed at the disposal of the University authorities, and others are awarded by this Departmont on the result of University or departmental examinations. Amongst tho carliest of tho endowed scholarships are those created from the old Hindu College fund, which consist of the Burdwan scholarship of Rs. 50 a month, the Dwarka Nath Tagore scholarship of Rs. 50, the Bird and Ryan scholarships cach of Rs. 40, the Gopi Mohan Tagoro scholarship of Rs. 30, and two foundation scholarships of Rs. 30 each, all opon to Hindu graduates of the Presidency College reading for the M.A. degree. The Laha scholarships, founded in 1869 by Babu Durga Churun Laha, of Calcutta, come next in order of importance. This gentleman made over to Government half a lakh of rupees for tho establishment of one medical, two junior, one senior, and three graduate scholarships, besides free-student ships of the aggregate value of Rs. 251 a month. Among other scholarships founded by individual liberality, are the Cowell scholarship, tenablo in the Sanskrit College; the Goodeve and the Abdul Gunny scholarships, tenable in the Medical College; the Hara Kumar Tagore Sanskrit and the Prasanna Kumar Tagore Law scholarships, created by the Maharaja Sir Jotendro Mohan Tagore, K.C.S.l.; the Gobind Prasad senior scholarship, tenable at the Presidency College; the Maharaja of Ill Tiperah scholarship, tenable at any college; the Rani Katvani scholarships, tenable in the Hoogly College; the Hurbullabh Narayan scholarship and tho Pearson scholarship, tenable in the Patna College; the Lachman Irasud scholarship, tenable in tho Midnapore College; the Dhenkanal and Maurbhanj scholarships, tenable in the Cuttack College ;

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 98 the Prince of Wales' scholarship, founded by Raja Syama Nund De of NOROLLA VALLAH, Balasore, also tenable in the Cuttack College; the Khetra Nath scholarships and free-studentships, established in connection with the Baraset Government school; the Temple scholarship of Jessore; the Victoria scholarship, Rungpore; the Hurrish Chundra scholarship, Mymensingh; the Stewart Bayley scholarship, and the Eden scholarship, Gya; "Rani Madhumati scholarship of Rs. 4; Maharani Sarnamayi's scholarships of Rs. 8, Rs. 7, Rs. B, and Rs. 4; Khetramani Devi's annual prize of Rs. 60; the Maharaja of Burdwan's two annual scholarships of Rs. 50 each, and two annual rewards of Rs. 50 each, all in connection with the Sanskrit Title examination; the Raja Kali Narayan Ray scholarship of Rs. 20 a month. tenable for one year in the Honour class of the Dacca College; and the Harrison scholarship of Rs. 2 a month, Midnapore; besides a number of others created by public subscriptions as memorials of persons or events. Since April 1882 tho following prizes and scholarships have been founded in commemoration of Lord Ripon's visit to the Calcutta Madrasga : (1) The Mahomedan Literary Society's Ripon prizes of Rs. 20 each, to be annually awarded to such Mahomodan students of tho Lower Provinces as pass the Entrance oxamination without getting any scholarship (preference being given to pupils of the Calcutta Madrassa); capital fund Rs. 1,000. (2) The Calcutta Madrassa Amir-i-Kabir fund of Rs. 15,000, founded by Nawab Shamsah Umrah Amir-i-Kabir Kurshod Sah Bahadur of Hydrabad. (3) Prince Nasiruddin Hyder's Ripon prize of Rs. 12 per annum, to be awarded on the same conditions as tho Mahomodan Literary Society's prizes. (4) Prince Mabomud Rohim-uddin's two Ripon prizes of Rs. 20 cach; objccts same as above. (5) Mirza Abdul Karim Shirazi's Ripon prize of Rs. 12; objects as above. (6) Nawab Abdool Latif Khan's Ripon prize of Rs. 12; objects as above. (7) Syed Ali Khan Bahadur's Ripon scholarship of Rs. 10 a month, open to Mahomodan students in the Lower Provinces, who pass tho Entranco examination without getting any other scholarship, preference being given to a student of the Calcutta Mudrassa; capital fund Rs. 3,000. (8) Kassim Ali's Ripon prize of Rs. 20; objects same as above. (9) Nawub Zainul Abidir Khan Bahadur's Ripon prize of Rs. 20; objects same as above. (10) National Mahomedan Association scholarship; capital fund Rs. 4,410. (11) Syed Lootuf All Khan's Ripon scholarship fund of Rs. 6,000. Two scholarships of tho value of Rs. 10 a month cach tenable for one year and awardable to Mahomedan students, especially of the Patna College, who have passed the Entrance examipation without getting scholarships. There are two other funds established in connection with the Calcutta Madrassa. Two donations of Rs. 500 each, one made by the Begum of Bhopal and the other by the Maharaja Scindia, have contributed to the creation of an annual prize of Rs. 40. The Maharaja of Durbhunga has made a donation of Rs. 12,000 to the Calcutta Madrassa, called the Madrassa Durbhunga scholarship fund. 337. The following scholarships and prizes have also been created during the last twelve months :-(1) Syed Abdur Soban Choudri has founded in commensuration of the Lieutenant-Governor's visit to Bogra two annual scholarships of Rs. 8 each a mont), each to be awarded in alternate years to the student of the Bograh zillah school who stands highest at the Entrance examination, but fails to gain a Government scholarship, The scholarships are to be called the Zuludata-u-nissa scholarship and the Latifi-u-nissa scholarship. Threo prizes of Rs. 20, 16, and 12 respectively, designated the Thompson prizes, have also been established by tho same gentleman (2). Gopal Chandra and Basanta Kumar medals each of Rs. 20 anuually, created by Babu Gopal Chandra Sarkar and awardable to students of the Bhagulporo zillah school. (3) The “Sati scholarship" of Rs. 3 a month, founded by Rai Jadu Nath Mookerjea of Hazaribagh and open to candidates for middle vernacular scholarships. (4) The_Ajodhya Kam scholarship of Rs. 5 a month founded by Babu Mahondra Lal Khan of Miduapore and awardablo annually to a student of the Midnaporo collegiate school who may pass the Entrance examination without a scholarship. (5) The Mabaraja Durbhunga scholarship and prizes, establishod in connection with the Sanskrit Title examination; capital fund Rs. 5,000. There will be a scholarship of the value of Rs. 18 a month, and a prize of Rs. 20 per annum. (6) The Maharaja ·94 + REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR SOBOLARDIR. of Burdwan scholarship; capital fund, Rs. 5,000. Two annual scholarships of Rs. 50 each for students who may be suocessful in the Sanskrit Title examina. tion, and two rewards of Rs. 50 each open to Sanskrit professors. 338. In addition to the scholarship endowments, there are many invested funds of other kinds created for educational purposes, the chief among them being the Molisin endowment of Rs. 10,08,000; the Rajshahye College endow. ment fund yielding Rs. 11,000 a yoar; the Midnapore College endowment fund with an income of Rs. 3,040; the Kishnaghur College endowment fund yielding Rs. 1,600; the Berhamporo College building and hostel funds yielding Rs. 1,120; and the Tikari, Utturpara, and Mozufferpore school funds yielding from Rs. 1,200 to Rs. 2,000 a year. The number of funds under the control of this departinent exceeds 100. X.-EMPLOYMENT OF STUDENTS IN THE PUBLIC SERVICE. EMPLOYMENT OF 339. Under this head I have nothing to add to Mr. Croft's remarks of pre- STUDENTS IN THE vious years. It was pointed out last year that about two thirds of the number PUBLIC SERVICE. of University graduates were employed in lines of life other than tho service of Government, and that not only the Government in the different departments, but also other large employers of educated men, frequently availed themselves of the services of Univorsity graduates. Nor should the services rendered in humbler positions of life by under-graduates be passed over, as these form a much larger number of candidates for employment. That the increased require. monts of the public service and of the guaranteed railways and othor undertakings are being to a great extent met by men educated in the country is a subject for congratulation, but in the intorests of the candidates theniselves as well as of the country, it is certainly desirable that they should be employod oftener on productive than on unproductive lines of work. XI.-SCIIOOL BOOKS. HOHOOL-BOOK. 340. Tho Central Text-book Committee received for examination down to 31st August 1883 432 books from various authors, of which 400 have been already more or less fully reported on. The duties assigned to the Committee by tho Resolution of tlio Government of Bengal, dated the 7th January 1883, are not confined to the selection of text-books for the middle scholarshiip examination standard, but extend practically over the wholo field of school ſiterature. In Bengal, the number of books written expressly for school use is very large, and is receiving additions every year, so that the work beforo the Conimittee is by no nieans of an casy character. The Committee, it is understood, have arrived at the conclusion that certain practical recommendations should be submitted for sanction, as a first instalment of what inay be looked for in the future. This Committee consists of the Inspector of Schools, Presidency Circle, ex-officio, Dr. Rajendro Lal Mitra, Rai laliadoor, C.I.E., the Hon'blo Bhudeb Mookerjee, C.I.E., Rai Kanai Lal De Baladoor, Nawab Abdul Latif Khan, Pandit Mahes Chandra Nyayaratna, C.I.E., Babu Rajkrishna Mookerjea, M.A., B.L., Babu Surja Kumar Survadhikari, and Dr. Uday Chand Dutt. 341. The Behar committee, as a branch of the Central Committee, consists of Nawab Syed Wilayat Ali Khan, C.I.E., as President, Pandit Chuttu Ram Tewari as monber, und the Inspector of Schools, Behar Circle, as member and Secretary. The Committee, with the help of the Corroctor's Committee at Bankipore, has done much useful work in cxamining and approving new books. The following new school-books in Hindi were issued from the Patna press during the year :- 1. Nitipath moral lessons.) 2. Bhugolbodhini (geography of Asia, with detailed knowledge of India). 3. First geography for the use of children. 4. Barnabodh, part I. 5. Ditto, 6. Guruganitsliatak, part II (native arithmetic.) 7. Behar Darpan (biography of eninent mon of Behar). purt II.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 95 SCHOOL-BOXS.. Numbers 1 to 5 are translations from standard Bengali books, and numbers 6 and 7 are now compilations, Numbers 4 and 5 are printed in the new Kaithi type adopted for the province. A large number of books (some of them now in the press) will be issued in the Kaithi character during tho current year. A great impetus has been given to the preparation of school-books, of which a few years back there was not one published in the province. The establishment of the Behar Text-book Committee, and the encouragement to publishers rendered possiblo by the purchaso from the primary grant of prizebooks by the Magistrates of the several districts, have been attended with the best results. The Assistant Inspector adds that it is to be regretted that some of the translators and compilers have adopted a stylo which detracts much from the usefulness of their books. Ho trusts that ar more new books are published, and a more active compotition is created, tho evil will gradually rectify itself. The Assistant Inspector of Chota Nagpore recommends the preparation of a Hindi atlas to meet the requirements of schools. 342. In Orissa, the examination and selection of text-books aro entrusted to a Committee consisting of the Joint-Inspector of Schools, cx-officio, Babu Madhu Sudan Rao, Deputy Inspector of Schools, Cuttack, and Babu Piyari Mohan Acharjea, Manager of the Cuttack Academy, a private institution. The Joint- Inspector reports that the question of supplying maps and atlases for the schools of Orissa h as been solved by local enterprizo in u very satisfactory manner. An excellent Uriya atlas, not inferrior in execution to the best production of its kind in Bengali, has recently been published by Kumar Baikunt Nath De of Balasore. Mr. Beadon, the late Magistrato of Bulasorc, thus speaks of the work in question: “This collection of maps appears to me to be oxcessively creditable to the publisher, Kumar Baikunt Nath De, and tho lithographer, and must provo a work of the greatest utility to the students of geography in Orissa. "It įs, I believe, the first attempt at lithographing maps in the Uriya language, and as such it is a must successful effort, the forerunner, I hope, of improvement. It compares not at all unfavourably with the best production of a similar character in Bengal." Kumar Baikunt Nath also intends to publish a series of wall-maps for the use of schools in Orissa. A useful manual on agriculture has been published in Uriya, and a Governnient prize of Rs. 100 has been awarded to the authors. 313. The Calcutta School-book Society, which receives a grant of Rs. 200 a month from Government, serves chiefly as an agency for the distribution of books in the interior, its function as a publishing body having of lato years been largely curtailed. Even as a distributing agency, private competition is now doing much of the work originally performed by the Society. In the year 1882, the Society sold in Calcutta and at its 152 agencies in different parts of the country 199,500 books at a price of Rs. 85,300. The Society has, in the 66 years of its cxistenco, accumulated a capital which is now valued at Rs. 1,37,000. G. BELLETT, Offy. Director of Public Instruction.

·No text on this page.

·B.- EDUCATION I. Return of Colleges, Schools and Scholars in the Lorer Prorinces of Bengal, for the oficial year 1882-83. ARBA ASD POPELATION OP TIL PROVINCE, NIYERSITY BDL'CATION. SBCOSTARY EDUCATION, PPIMART EDICATION. SPECIAL OR TECHNICAL EDUCATION, INDIGENOTS EDUCATIOS. PERCENTAGR OT SCHOOL& AID &CHOLARS TO POPULATION. COLLEGES SCHOOLS, AND SCHOLARS. Number of distmots. Number of divisions. Total populution. Total urell. Righ schools. Middlo schools. Primary sohools. Engineering and survuyrug schools, Schools of art. Colloges. Medical schools. Industrinl schools. Normul schools. Indigenous schools of Special instruction. Other schools. Mudrniolin. Grand totul. High schools. Primary ruhoule. Middle schools, Total. 1 2 7 6 10€ 11 12 9 100 9 10 1+ 13 15 on GENERAL STATISTICS. 62 351 33 For males 23 1,733 55 1 5 CA 20 67,473 0003 15 *0025 61980. 2,969 Institutions { 2 1,346 14 females 2 90000. 1 G00000. SIF'I 6 *00201 46 .III ... 238 34 63,897 57 1,779 5 15 3 Total 2,893 1 69,9AS '0003 0926 89980, a. 46, including Calcutta. 9 150,603 square miles, 66,601,450 10,66,745 162 49,735 127 1,467 100,192 1,449 3,762 25 8,393 07 29,735 1. Vales 1,253,781 1'5 Scholars 51,978 936 75 57,361 001 *005 871 3,395 07 Serbian ... 11.18,623 Total 103,777 437 102 1.49 60,696 127 20 1,142 3.756 8,659 1,311,092 1 30,671 16 97 ·98 GENERAL STATISTICS. EDUCATION.GERE Return of Collrges, Schools, and Sckolars in the Lover Provinces of GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS. AIDED INSTITUTIONI. Number of scholars on 81st March learnmg Number of scholam on 818t Maroh lorrning- CLASS OF IXBTITUTIONB. Yumber of institutions. Number of scholars on the rolls on 31st March. Average number on the rolts montbly during the year. Average daily attendance, classical language. A vernacular language. Number of institutions, Yumber of scholars on the rous on 31st Varch. Average number on the rolla monthly during the year. Average daily attendance. A classical language. A vernacular language English. English, 1 2 3 5 0 7 8 9 10 11 12 14 13 UNIVERSITY EDUCATION, Arts Colleges. English 12 1,298"! 1,100 1,015 1,260 822 031 845 692 001 893 ... Dollagos or Departments of Collegos for profesional training. Law 7 1:18 000 207 143 170 I! ... .... .... IBO 1.... 16.) ... Modians 1 196 201 .. . 180 120 III. ... ..... .... POD Enginooring 1 106 140 133 100 ..... udpeg vidau II. SECONDARY EDUCATION, 51 16,020 74,027 .. 14,000 11,457 0.898 115 9,359 15,956 14,840 5,816 10,809 High and Middle Schools. Por boys High schools English English Niddlo schools Vernacular... Kor girls High schools English 11,708 ) 14,811 22,180 22.107 9 1,946 1,258 988 991 !! 200) 1,098 LUX) 32,033 29,261 270 187 10,87 80,077 49,260 9,897 7,719 1,319 10,770 808 43,492 39,031 30,800 ... 3,831 154 301 298 72 29 171 289 2 269 236 219 2052 43 85 . 1,0m) 1,592 HIA 1,010 PI... 87 1,987 171 . Middle nohools English (Vernacular... .. 17 IP... 784 714 543 21 .... . ... 733 PRIMACY EDUCATION. Primary Sohonis. For boys- Vppor primary Lowor ditto 10 624 616 899 2,080 74,216 68,505 I. 54,976 4BB 116 74,190 981,401 8 181 141 149 186 65,913 060,259 852,027 713,602 808 70,659 Por girls L'pper primary Lower ditto 192 1. 6,885 3,108 245 ..... 3,883 .. 6,801 J. J ... 1,076 10,203 19,787 10,961 108 249 ... 16,215 Schools for special or tochnical training. School of art 016 RA ..... Medical schools 4 991 435 809 891 .... . ..... ..... ...10 ... 3 148 112 97 109 .... III. .... ... Geot Engineering and survoying schools Normal schools for mastors 13 899 712 538 21 400 091 B 3193 872 838 ... 97 80 884 ditto for mist188868 3 48 48 48 II. ...... 2 102 910) 102 ..... ...... det *** #1.. Industrial schools Macrobna B 1,189 052 687 298 1,170 109 "... 2.4.1 R... .... Other schools 126 97 04 .... PP. .... ... ..... 70 .... Indigonuus dohools of epocial instruotion, Pathsalas .. 841 .. 0,008 8,012 DI I..... ..... 7,456 8,129 10 2816 Tols 488 4. 3,818 8,000 $ ... Haktabg 600 I. .. 8,640 ... 3,827 ini. 8,038 8 1,818 ... LUI Total 827 32,168 80,000 21,198 19,801 9,495 28,710 | 62,798 1,172,038 1,046,810 806,568 40,618 28,391 2114174 • Tuoluive on 38 students of the Sanskrit College, of whom two aro reading for tho M. A. degree in bapakm). I.-The term classical language in columns 7,14, 91, and % including II.-Wheu boys and girls witood the same sobool, the caluina al por mayor ·GENERAL STATISTICS 99 BAL FORM No. 2. Bongal for the official year 1882-83. UWADDED INSTITUTIONS UND ZEGULAR INSPECTION GRAND 1 OTAL OF 8C ILOLARS OY AT MARCH LEARNINU CLASIFICATION ACCORDING TO RACE OR CREED OP TIB CHOLARS ON 8181 MAHI • Number of scholars on 81st March lerning- REXARES. Namber of institutions. Yumber of scholars on the rolls on 31st Maroh. 4 pergo number on the rolla monthly during the year. Average daily attendence. A classica) language. A vernacular language. Grand total of inat tutions, Grand total of scholars on 31st March e o clasacal languose A vernacular language Eurpeads and Euraslacs sative Christians Habammrdans Englsh English Hidu Others 10 17 18 19 20 21 28 29 27 da 19 6 053 508 510 61 ( 21 2 2.900 2 812 2,336 87 92 698 118 28 A girls. 2 421 847 421 9 384 Br4 17 1 126 16 61 2 89 8 1 100 1 160 64 7 68 18 788 16 84 13 403 19 035 C 671 9 AOC 232 49 750 47 K11 19 SRO 29 47 1 496 302 | 43 115 4,100 1 80741 girls 8,009 7 837 8 824 4,000 137 7 13.3 41 (8 2931 007 39008 163 408 14 (NS 8 768 COS 84 4,859 4,317 3,592 307 26 4 859 1 079 5121 B 417 1") B8 898 30 011 8,104 31 603 2 204 281 250 294 29 847 619 81 844 626 93 242 6 4917 boys 6 173 187 161 173 29 9 172 2 100 37 171 1919 829 9 Sv1 17 on. 21 73 733 4 87 28 619 00 106 1,589 8,906 2 967 118 8 817 2 214 78 420 67) 116 78 21 1 619 09 083 12,079 1,778 2,484 1814. 18,791 28,818 4,886 56099 50 023 42,076 82 775 65 740 60 337 1 016 452 030 80,109 977, 526 0 2013 076,878 817 900 499 808 451 201 6810 235 6,816 8 629 4 904 121 67 80 boys. 69 1,040 1,463 1,108 87 10 1 610 1 146 17,898 140 238 17,959 8 618 19,352 8,775 110 806 1 WIP 96 90 99 1 . 1 48 81 87 5 437 357 8 840 77 10 1 16 17 12 16 4 162 119 17 131 11 20 1 093 118 328 . 438 GOR . 07 9829 girls 1,078 41 2 11 5 11 38 1 215 19 2 26 3 127 127 10 310 272 217 83 250 107 16 1,449 828 1,329 216 4 1 445 8 98 70 100 6 7 240 170 49 8 270 18 823 2,102 3 111 19,102 18 875 5 10,8-18 12,297 2,811 390 449 90 W1 8,207 8,164 3,991 2,850 2,176 2,803 2 288 8,592 8 240 9,113 161 883 6 972 6,028 107 8 OX9 200 23 8 467 1 700 1497 890 10 537 28 P. 8,018 1,409 3 210 9,087 8,808 106,891 94,898 | 79,191 25,190 | 10,009 87,028 08,898 1,311,092 89,942 122,165 1,226,812 6,278 6,079 010 82% 800,388 22,227 84,141 grlo in boys' sohool 1,204 bog 18 girloboole devine tor tiho B. A. degree in Sauskut sulizuots, and the remaining twonty-five for Banskrit titles, Karopean and Bukhorn ohnutoul lavikur How tho somber al girls in boys' schools, and the number of boys in gula' scbools, ·100 GENERAL STATISTICS. EDUCATION. GENE Return of Expenditure on Educational Establishmento WWT. New GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS. AIDED INSTITUTIONS. CLA88 OF INSTITUTIONS. Pronacial revenues. The Local rutes ir cesses. 'Enduwments. Sihscriptions. Muricipal gracts. Other sources. Provinmal revendes. Local rates or cessag. e 'Endominents. Sutscript:ona. Municipal graats. Tutal. Other sources Fees. Total. 1 Pot 36 877 Ry. HA. Rs. R4. RM Ro. Rs. Rs. RA. Re. R4. Rx. Rs. Ra. RE RA. I'NIVEBBITY EDUCATION Arts Colloger, English Colleges or Topartments of (ol. leges for I'rulos8uonal Trainino. 9,61,7181 60 18,0181 8 1,02,200 3,72,73 10,950 22, 100 .. 21,101 13,041 . 88,000 1,29.106 LAW 10,8901 8001 15, CUI! S .. BE 606 INA Madirinen 1,5A,218 7,715 7,040 1,63,934 67,310 . I 1 61,620 8,70 .... III 54.4 Engineering KECONDARY EDUCATION. Ilroh and Middle Schools. Por bayam High Schools Kaplish 1,73,971) 12,7 2,832) 9,41,9131 4,973 4,88.132 R6,000 220 28,245 81,875 2,78,799 . 800 16,7! 40,0029 1,61.(NIS 670 s ditto 1,34% 1.52.70 1,21,617 9,841) 40,468 3,87,888 10,405 18,408 4,68,000 9,147 0,844 2,98,784 . Middle 17 Vornarulur 55,972 6,05 413 25,19 270 87,64 1,05, 15 389 R4,067 98,888 . Por girls Bligh Schools ... English 13,345 382 3,403 17.804 44,592 01.049 2,061 27,491 39.7 s ditto 4,178 190) 22,261 1,88,888 ... 3,902 262 . 6,02% 427 820 71 11,882 . .. Mulalo Veruiacular PRIMART EDUCATION, Primary School (Fornacular.) For boys t'ppoi priruury ... Lowur utto 16) 2,437) 1,1428 735 1 900 84,412 83,8170 112 1,40,8407 12,10,149 1,089 14,985 1,36,8 9,430 2,07,000 80,04,874 1,012 1,012 4,60,.345 2,291 .I.R. For girls- 1pxt przuly 9) 207 1,770 Owl 24,7981 a... 1,06,878 .. 6,070 37,067 09 10,402 Logo ditto 11,113 ... 1,607 076 2,000 43,868 III.10 NUNCTAL LI 4710N. School Jor Sprin or lanır running. Achail of Alt 11,381 16 417 IN... .... I.1. ... . . Millal malol 77 756 2010 87,200) sat .. . und Invinuri Milwols Suricio 31 R.374 H. ..... . Normal kulls for turn 08 122 770 802 GO,010 4,5471 0,010 836 131 ..... ... 14,888 111881 Drito fur unntrix" 3,6.5 6,018 2,106 .. .I. ..... Industrial NCH10014 1,299 150 ... 1,7101 .. . 4... III. Marels 10,702 1,5h 31 13,311 . . . . R10 ... B Other school 33+) 2,100 2981 2,730 adid. 1 ..... INDOCNOUH EPILATION, Indtyenote Srlomo of Spocial Instruction hvala! 1,181 ..... 27 10,781) 0.6051 RU 91,676 . Tulo 1,690 1,372 810 ..... 8 18,100 ... 18,499 7,706 Muktab 1,045 286 11,697 21,657 11 ..... .... ...3 UNIVIUNITY III. ... ..13 ... . ..... DIRK TION 100 ... 1. IRAPBOTION ... ... ... J. . .. 40.0 ..... IDINTKIT COMMITTEE - . .... 00 . . 1 . SCHOLALARIIl's . Colleges bolivulo .... 010 . ..... 10 JIN ** ...10 UT BITICDINCHE . .... .... ..000 & 44100 16.00 *.. GRANTS FOR VIR JANCUKLAGE NRNT OR LIIKKATORS... 01.09 ... ... ette p M ...... ...... HIC LLANBUL'A ubod BIO 1. t. Agte 10 H 1000 .. Total 80 .. 1,499 20,400 15,740 480,080 8,798 89,747 0,28,877 18,00,481,088 3,80,40 11,00,18 6,207 16,86,670 10,62,871 my ·GENERAL STATISTICS. 101 + RAL FORM 3. in the Lower Provinces of Bengal for the official year 1882-83. .WMV ww UNAIDED IXBTITUTIONS, AVERAGM ANNUAL COXT OP EDUCATING EAUTY PUPIL. Ciovernment Institution. Uudod Alded Institutions. Intitution, REMARKS. Total Government expenditure. Total expenditure fron cther sources. Municipal grants. Subscriptions. Endowmente. Percentage on total expenditure. Grand total of expenditure. Other souros. Cost to Goverument. Cost to Government, Total cost. Total, Total cost. Total cost. Feey. 40 40 5 8 D 10 12 14 R.. Rs. Rs. Re. RB, Rs. Ra. Rs. Rs. Rs. A. P. RB, A, P. Ry. A. P. Ka, A. P. Rs, A. P. ..... 0B 2,71,093 2,80,270 0,01,009 310 13 11 200 15 4162 13 S 101... 23 00 ..D 10. 10,406 27,086 3 130 137 51 80 60 . 10,080 1,56,918 7,718 21 $15 ) ! 777 8 9 1... 1,03,433 67,810 ...... ..... ...... 61,6261 6,700 7 384 10 8 845 12 11 Tì 81 10 10 12 7 7 85 $ 6 12 4 20 411 31,617 60,627 2,33,0618 1,646 28,300). 21,93 14 19,191 8,898 1,810 27,713.41,713 1,202 8.200 B9,286 2,60,6:31 10,06,077) 13,65,091 1740 1,89,23 3,79,022 6,68,810 75 1,60,75 3,40,810 4,10,272 3690 no 0 11 15 13 6 6 8 0 8 1 3 058 4,270! 23,834 8 13 8 2 10 3 $5,750 45,7301 18,183) 47.348 1,15,631 118 CO 16 2 45 20 220 1 C 205 102 11 10 1,800 10,020 22 12,672 38,740 1,10,RKO 1,49,005 19 70 9 41 10 15 0 UU 07 R ... 7,270 3,909 ..... 15 11 8 11,232 8 8 9 1. ..... .. 31 0,072 1,21,2181 1,49,806 9,70,018 95 3 15 5 3 14 1 3 11 8 1 11 0 3 7 10 2,700 9,81115 0,6:35 11,750 1,000 19,130 1,07,050 81 83,180 4.817,30717,01,110 21,01,519 0X1) 705 7 0 B 9 6 0 0 8 7 3,192 33 3,081 30),407 7:9,390 108 0 14 1 609 R 76 savo 1,10,300 54,7501 8,200 336 1,133 1,071 10,791 21,893 32,923 9 30 14 7 69 7 11,391 2,-460 16,917 2 187 3 0 109 127 ODOR ... ... .... . 12 Share 50 77,780 0,404 87,2001 11 200 7 4 174 LB 1 1 59 .... I... 7,-482 0701 8,4581 741 S 00 12 101 415 0 100 14...) 1 ... ...... 81,171 1:07 104 % 3 100 1 89 4 11 19 3 0 ... ..... 69,99059 8,036 1,2101 11,9021 7,613 11,13 '1 76 8 4 .. .....! R.I. . .... 120 120 670 1.800 19 6 4 14 5 4 ...100 5 00 ..... ... ...... 10,225 60 36,021 3,000 49,200 10,702 81,900 99.011 10 40 7 101 11 S 10 181 38 1 4,088 61% 237 1,331 ... 9,130 9,473 1 29 3 3 3 72 70 3 10 510 2,096 608 3.799 1,191 24,084 28,211 3 1 11 .... ...... 2,650 208 SC 30,134 $8,620 1,080 48,068 49,098 0 0 7 4 11 13 1 ..... 8,059 4,893 221 7,034 19.909 1,045 32,791 $3,760 3 11 0 ? 10 ..... 8 .11.1 1.. 54,294 1. VOU 7 11.10 .... 3,68,0101 48 be .. 18,112 ... 9 00, 1750 66,1001 61,294 2,305 3,67,320 18,112 10,178 1,04,039) 13.709 80,701 11,617] 4,50,810 II.. I.. ... 89,701 que 1.8 14.at ... ... ...... ... ..... 1'06 70,8:18 4,38,000 ...1 . 1... 000 IM.. 000 ... ...... .... ...O 1... .... 27,473 . 3,717 83,190) Lor 4 I.DE ...! 4.1... ..... ..... 7.870 08,209 7,29,853 30,66.282 Sathg 114,807 70,61,169 100 ...

·102 GENERAL STATISTICS. B.-EDUCATION-No. 4. Statement showing the result of prescribed examinations during the official year 1882-83. NADER OF INSTTTU. TIONS SRNING KI- AMINEEN. NUMBER OF EXAMINEB8. NUMBER PAGSBD. PERCINTAGU ON PASSED HONOLABU OX TOTAL NUME ON ROLLO AT BEGINNING 08 THB YBAR NATURR OP EXAMINATION. Government institutions, Other institutions, Gorproment insti. tutivos. Other institutions. Private students. Government insti. tutions, Other institutions Private students. Government institutions. Other institutions. Total. Total. Total, 1 2 3 8 6 7 8 0 10 11 18 19 ABTCOLLBG28- 17 2.3 Master of Arts ... ... Bachelor of Art, First Exqininution in Arts 7 8 12 3 0 19 10 13 24 27 74 My 1,118 91 R2 198 187 478 ... 80 207 870 .. 80 108 003 181 11'0 COLLEGKS FOR PBOVESSIONAL TRAIN IN Lano 1 71 18 80 14 7.8 29'0 ... Bachelor-of-law Honours-a-law Doctor-of-law 6 1 1 116 3 1 94 1 3 1 ... 1 1 ...... II ... Medicing- 1.III. ... ... ..... 18 40 19 7 12 19 40 19 7 19 89 102 1 1 ...... 10 Ir. 2 ? M.B. First M.B. L. M. 8 Honours in Medicino".. Engineering L. 0. A. B, C.H. . 1 1 7 1 . ... 2 2 9 8:08 ...... 1 BCHOOLS 207 618 28 1.8 107 3 350 80 1 2 1 170 707 2 21 1,319 9 816 40 .... 55 418 1 13 1 ..... 869 101 1 13 019 3 18 (a) 455 1 241 (0)1,846 1 9 6 31 ..... :::::.: 87.6 617 1,141 Matiroulation Roy,.. Girls Middle English Bobolar-Boys whip Examination. Girls Middlo Vorvacular Rcho- Buys. Huurship Examination, Girls Upper Primary Scholar Boys Blup Examination. Girls Lowur Primary Scholar Boys ship Erhminution. (Harle Girls, Scholarship Examinntion, held by thu llitukur) Habh ut Uttarpurs. 2'3 2,150 6 894 2 8,25 3 4,285 19 30,708 38 434 î.074 1 2,150 11 16,530 180 100 2,178 3 3,8261 IS 89,00 30 1,014 2 1,07+ 12 10,387 8 201 B4 1,436 19 10,374 88 II 81 2 908 16 13 05 23. 109 18,792 00) ..... ..... 40 40 80 ...) N.B.-In columus 13 and 14, the percentage has beon calculated on the total nuovor of pupils on the rulls of all institutions of tho class, not of those only which aunt (hundidutek to the Taluution. (a) Exclusiv of 21 candidates passed from Middle Varnocular schools. (6) Ezelusivu of 180 oundida pusmod from Middle Euglish schools, ·ABSTRACT RETURN of the Class of Instruction at the Schools in the Lorcer Prorinces of Bengal, for the year ending 31st March 1883. HIGL STAGE. MIDDLE STAGB. | UPPBE PRIMABY &rade. LOWER PRIMARY STAGE. Comprising pupils who have not passed beyond the primary scholarship standard. TOTAL. CLARS OF SCHOOLS Numbrit of pupils on the rolls ou 31st Maroh, Comprising pupils who bare reacbed a stan. dard equiralent to that of gitmission to Comprising all pupils who tbe Ist or 2nd class of are between the high and & school teaching ite the apper primisry stage. l'airenity Entranco Course, Comprising pupils who have passed berond the primary scholarship, but not be. Fond the lower Fernscular scholarsbip standard, Reading printed books. Number of schools. Not reading printed books. Bnys. Girls, Total. Bors. Girls. Total, Boys. Girls. Total. Bors. Girls. Total. B934. Girls. Total, Boys. Girls. Total Boys' SCHOOLS- 2 815 . 15 6,70 GoFertiment Aided IT paided High English 31 115 15.00 15.95 18,753 0.7011 6.7119 6,773 2,097 3,6:9 3.+10 2.899 3. Hi 4,539 6 ? S 2 11 3 492 931 1,239 8,634 2,76! 493 933 1,25 15,000 18,25 18,763 15,090 15,953 18,783 3, 419 6.781 3,14% تانتره 21 183 9 Gorernment Aident (Unaided Viddle English 1,37 39.29 6,06% 10 12 39 1 9 118 459 6,198 ! 1,045 6.754 1,017 8,513 415 10.1 2.451 8.763 1.9.10 50 6 407 11,5 h 8,015 St.923 :: 13 119 56 1,313 31.83 7,973 5,949 1,975 145 2,051 6 2,715 .,861 in eng . Government Aided Unaided Niddie Vernacular 157 819 &4 10,872 43,12 1.859 2.0ng 6.6.S 672 58 63 3 2.710 94199 8.3 6,471 9.222 1.3.-34 2,767 10.873 15,483 13 1:46 51 3.215 13,989 1,57% 1 2,5 10.541 1,792 814 -- 3,78 11 4,513 4 Government Aided (Unaided 19 2,089 10 l'pper Primary €24 14,216 3,539 125 11.82 8111 57 297 39,113 1.383 03 71,644 11,83 513 597 996 39.616! 1,416 46 17 2012 09.55+ 1.535 9.9 31,936 1,6+2 GEUERAL STATISTICS. 0,397 19219 3,589 17 3,475 111 6: 11 Government &:ded Lower Primary S 35.843 4,385 18+ 981.959 36,039 65 61 6 11 1 3:3 +1 11.08 323 318 531 19, 1% 85 55.236 35,331 33,219 19,639 20,837 817 25,5:1 173 9.34,629 35,603 525, 123 36,078 184 900,250 56 630 219 1,036 GIRLS' SCHOOLS- 14 1+ 113 113 17 Government ded (Unaided High English OVOU 15 17 301 2018 15 17 70 17 B+ 56 391 282 112 71 Só. 252 294 71 9 91 17 55 34 10 Middle English Government Aided Curaided 3176 417 419 32 15 117 199 173 30 6 Oh 5:12 31 1.059 132 181 15 1,999 173 46 51 Middle Vernacular Goverdwent Aided traided *** 754 72 72 17 1:40 213 213 903 363 70 754 ***** .P .... . .. Government Aded Craided Upper Primary 13 2,305 19 13 9,3:9 6,35 6,9 315 1 315 1 1.726 159 29 1 1.769 159 63 1 231 1.2 *** Lower Primary Gorernment Aided Craided 93 9 10.501 4910 : if.253 1.6111 547 23 11,035 3.v10 TAS 38 15,185 1,871 16,259 1845 15 5,3 Intal 65,914 1,973, 16 8,509 102 8,611 37, 461 55 33, 416 59,195 2,05% 50,361 1,973,006 6.,451 41,715 14,195 455,361 ****,514 39,953 78,667 1,916,645 103 ·104 GENERAL ATATISTICS. Return of social position and occupation of the parents and guardians of pupils at the Schools and Colleges in tho Lower Provinces of Bengal for the official year 1882-83. MIDDLE CLAS8B8 OY SOCIETY, POORED CLASBB: OT SOCIETY. CLASS OB SOHOOL. Yunher of schools. Number rt pupils on the rolis on the 31st Warrh. Richer classes of society. Government servire. Private service, Estates. Profession. Agriculture. Skilled labour. Common labour. Trades. Trades. Miscellaneous GRAND TOTAL Total. AKTS COLLEG NA- 12 1,2014 243 41 80 ... ... Ghovernment Aided Unaided 162 287 19 10 2 ES! 1-10 11 11 43 116 2 JA 8 907 805 76 40 13 101 188 (a)1,288 281 (6)898 0 651 2 20 7 11. . (c) 191 PROPEBBIONAL COLLEGEB- ... . . ()143 (1) 21 (CL)176 100 .. 111 9 10 141 1 11 106 Law (Govertimani) Do. (Urxided) Medioiue (Government) Engineering (Covernment) BCHOOLM POR GENERAL EDUOATION For Boys- Governpunt High English Unaided 90 Aide 61 115) 0A 7601 1,847 091 44 402 161 1,079 1:11 518 734 1,100 2,9AB 6,190) 4,098 16,090 15,088 18,788 ... 103) . 15,020 1.676 3,481 1,798 2,405 1,725 1,051 10,500 1.190 10 250 03:, 2,140 2,610 2.750 1,479 1,010 10.0771 1,6231 18,783 1,304 2,56 3,318 2,173 2,002 2,064 12,5-11 2,028 1,346 216 153 177 89 160 790) 119 816 1,408 3,75 4,170 2,700 20:30 157,186 1,300 8.08399 08 8771 1,020 530 7.19 8,724 1,031 Government Middle Euglisli ...Aided 9 600 ] 17 1:31 5,520 1,316 100 2,507 007 401 79 710 1,168 2,150 218 289 889 608 16,448 4,107 1,948 82.223 8,009 Traided 7,073 100 Governmont Andul Middlo Verndoulur { IN7 ROS 81 10,872 4S, 187 4,859 IRA 408 02s 1,133 8301 648 1,000 3,687 4,647 23,0138 8,976 70 330 8241 1773 3,0131,312 16,4-1918,878 1,551 699 2.8016 0,600 1,404 1,487 870 7.00 592) 4,121 1,820 2,220 %,459 208 313 2491 27,488 10,878 49,488 4,869 8,293 Ciovouent 1. Upper Primary 1.0 2,080 ...3 Alded 76,210 9,699 080 38 13 13 41 2 033 2.27R (1,88: 2,31 4,020 69 131 825 41) 17,21% 6,816 937 382 SOD 29,6051 2.107 38 33 7,871 2,70) + 4,850 4,418 331 280 393 5H4 80,423 2,618 684 74,916 8,689 Unded 1:7 137 Lower Primury Government Aided Unuidoil . 06,97-49 4,880 1841 ! 9 13 16 37 6 060,269 2,236 8,779 16,790 499,991 20,000 1,03+ 739,404 CO,NB! 510,163 60,038 127 150 *37) ,421 VHU, 2,038 6,435 3,325 30,228 121 R1,7:54, 35,242 70,077 34,8:9 4,653 2,907 0,04 2,709 825,6801 49,4746 144 980,269 36,089 .. For Girls 301 301 SI 1 3 00) 2 I! Govornmont Auted Umuided 48 88 RONN High Enkliah 771 14 10 41 10 192 211 120 79 10 39 801 202 204 17 ..... ... .. ... ... Middle English Giovernuient Arded (Unidos 1,990! 173 47 1,917 8 142 20 10 .. 67 0 452 009 71 20 1 10 5 27 726 6 1,099 178 B ... 1 ! ... II. . . I. ... .... Middlo Vornacular Government Ancient Umudod *** 17 216 G8 "217 56 24 470 11 23 14 11 491 248 764 ... : *** .... 1. 00 OR... 1.. . ... .... Upper Primary Government "nuidou 102 192 827 . :: 6,366 46 1CD 8 783 07 707) 60) 20560 00) 8,6170 310! 389 13 347 75 154 3 847 2 2,120 190 6,80 184 77 28 . .... .I. ... Lower Primary Government Alila Unduled 1,070 692 10,93 1,610 117 27 860 1,602 160 128 4,279 2,348 Pet 197 4,6481 205 1,709 174 409 1,061 1,490 110 140 11,867 1990 122 16,958 2,640 67 3.6504 217 18th 701 214 183 1,651 302 N91 161 81 67 4231 1,968) (c)8,888 Schonls for special or technical training Indigenous schools of spooral instruction-- 1 1,111 6. 361 bonthaal molt Maktabs 13,102 0,97?! 10,5337 2001 1,010 01:3 11 9091 10 38:31 617 60 207 2,089 1,5th 1.700 76% 375 613 7,621 3.9 M 0,733 1,023 171 407 7 990 42 1,461 720 079 11.004 0,388 4,708 18,162 6.478 10,637 1901 701 210 746 I'vota! 105,2497 1.311,093 20,567 42,0314063163,010 10,420; 61,041 2499R15,031 618,325 113,772 45,660/98,440 77.0.32 1,060,1694 1,809,70$ (2) Exclusive of 18 jul in folie Chittagong Collare pot returned. 16) livelusile 59 ppris m the Duyolun (ollege not returnus. (c) Exclusive of 6:30 pupils not returued. (1) Vot returned (v) Exclusive of yo pupuin ziot returtard.

·GENERAL STATIOTICS. 105 Return of Social Position and Income of the Parents and Guardians of Pupils at the Schools and Colleges in the Lower Provinces of Bengal for the official year 1882-83. 2-4 . . Itu WLA MIDDLE CLASARS II, POORBR OLANSEA 111. OLABS OF INSTITDTIONS, Sumber of institutivos, Vurber of pupils on the rolis on the 31st Barch 1889. Biener classes of society I ( ne Ileeding Rs. 5,600 a tar). loroine eterd ng Rs. than Rs. 5,fvw a year. HOW TOE: puy 42 Incona Erceeding Rs. 564) And not more thun Rs. 2, a Feat. Ininome exceelex Rs. Hard Liottore than Rs 500 eur Income exceeding Rs. 1.1 fai net moto than Rs. ww a year. Ineme from Rs. lvý downwards. GRAID TOTAL 1 Tulal. i Tutal. + - 1 213 2017 . R] 12 6 0 1,951 Ol 031 077 605 199 26 (a)1,383 (6)893 430 100 361 2 14 $ 7 ATU COLLEGE Govorament Alded Uuniced PROFBASIONAL COLLBGB- LAW (Governmont) Do, (unaidant) Medicine (Government) Ragipouring (Govermacut) BOHOOLS TOR GENERAL EDOUATION - For boys- Govornment High English Axod Vouided (d)1 13. (1) 121 1 ll 09 od 61 111 2 164 4,319 10,020 1.5,12301 14,783.6 1,065 1,171 OXO 1,9306 3,071 1 W 111,300 10,077 12,611 1. (itse) 9,753 1.9931 3,61819 3,035 2,940 1,164) 4,993 18.nyn 16,888 18,789 Gti 1,019 1,008 3:51 7990) 1,316 32,123 Middle English Government Aided Uuded 44 49 6) 38 330 *,739 1.1214 451 60 16,133 4,107 . 7,318 82,298 8,009 110 19,143 3,741 1,094 1110 10.872 Middlu Vornucular Govarument Unasded 157 Wils NS 10,47: 43,142 2.5.19 184 66 73 386 1313 1150 074 1,292 317 3.611 11,819 1,05) 7,6173 27,483 3,233 859 3,726 13,402 1,401 175 30), 136 1,66 20% Ayt . Uppor Primary Government Aldu! likle 71216 2,50 100 5:40 1 1,947 4,079 11,17 :) 17.21:3 137 89% DR, 453 2,010 1,040) 3,554 + (tovarument Added I!mudel 8 55 915 Lower Primary 1,279 16,0.3) 8,321 253 37 12,11 6, 18 30.07) 1,013 II 30) 31312 20,14 186 OGU,ZAR 48,0.30 52", 184 0,112 $25,630 49, 176 1,079 127 ► For girls- HighEuglish 2 30 1712 35 1 39 Govarnrucat Ardeal Unando 1:0) 14 301 2!2 241 501 711 111 10 79 10) 171 110 120 Government Aided Unadled Middle English *** 57 331 358 21 0 271 1,999 173 502 65 1.217 401 1 77205 5 1,09A 173 Middlo Veronular Giovertinent (Unajua 17 131) 2012 130 213 766 .... + .. Upper Hvituary s Govornicant Aided Ununtud 5,367 108 199 o GOL 031) 1,170 1,3305 11,3 3,070 310) 1,2014 2,730 196 3.5 4,306 45% 103 1,278) 11,807 .. 1,076 09 34,2533 1,410 6,901 117 27 2,712 374 100) 10,269 1,61 05N Government Lower Primary Aided Uuando BCHOOLS FOR SPECIAL Or TECHNICAL TRAINING Indigenous sakuols of special instruction Pathlu Toly Maktube ... Totul 67 3,059 132 40N 951 1,561 777 1.18) 1.V0& 191 176 2.029) . 1,111 482 NDH) 13,168 15,879 10,337 69 23 1,110, 1,!! 1,117 0,59) 2,117 6,270 11.04 6,305 8.703 (+)3, F03 13,182 0.972 10,687 1,9083.708 2.301 8,12 .. 211 1,7) 68,8HR 1.331,0312 !, bio 2,633 010, 110) 164),19 2 19.049 106,301 611,440 1,030), 1644 TAVNO (a) Hxclanime of 10 pupils in the hittusouw college not return.. (0) Hsolusive of 68 pupil a tho Dovalon Coll. RAIL TOU. (0) Exclusive of 690 pupils au the latun ('ulltyre not returned. (1) Not returneul. () Exclusive" if 40 pupils not returund.. Reg. No. 8334)---560-30-11-83.

·No text on this page.

·GENERAL DEPARTMENT. EDUCATION CALCUTTA, THE 22ND JANUARY 1884. RESOLUTION. READ The Roport on Public Instruction in Bengal in 1882-83. The report is submitted by Mr. Bellett, who officiated as Director of Publio Instruction from tho 25*1. December 18.2 to tho Sth December 1883 during the absence of Mr. Cruſt, first, on deputation with the Education Commission at Simla, and, subsequently, on privilege leave. There has been considerable delay in its subniission, and the Licutenant-Governor is unable to regard the explanation offered as siltisfactory Mr. Rivers Thompson took occasion in the Resolution on the last report, that being the first annual report roccived after his appointment to the office of Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal, to revicw in somo detail the clucational system of the Province, and to record his views on many of the most important questions connected with the working of the Departnient, for the guidance of all officers concerned in the administration of education. It will, therefore, be unnecessary to deal at the same length with the present r port. 2. Tho number of schools and pupils slown in tho returns received for the past year stood thus, as compared with the number in 1681-82 :- 1892. 1683. Class OP INSTRUCTION, University Secondary Colleges (High English schools Middlc Vernacular Upper primary schools Loner i hools. " 2:7 627 1,050 1,941 48,816 4,333(a) 1,012 !'upils. Schools, 2,745 23 45,597 2:32 39,057 Ci 66,141 1.079 08.198 2,214 612:39 €0,337 01,850(5) 2.351(c) 21,018 1,398 Propuls. 2,900 49,759 41,038 59,213 78,129 1,016,432 35,186() 27,185 Primary Specini Bomulo Total 68,079 1,106,6-665 68,888 1,311.092 (n) Inristo of 4.975 indigenous schools of stimmuunstruction. Tutto of 5111414 popies aftellung 1,971950:20115 u. 100ls. of 453 ning selecida aof sip op nixtinction Ditto of 3,071 grupils atlink ** Indigenous schools. وزارت Schoola. ... ... > The schools increased in the past yeur liy 10,803, and the pupils by 204,447. The advanco compares as follows with the increase in each of the preceding five years :- Pupils. In 1878, a grin of 4,740 52,049 1879 7,060 86,307 1880 6,098 91,323 1881 8,131 109,459 1882 10,572 178,156 1883 10,809 201,447 3. Those figures show a gain within the last six years of no less than 47,410 in the number of schools subniitting returns to the Departinent, and of 721,741 in the number of pupils; and, on a comparison of thé total number of pupils now reported to be at school (1,253,714 being boys and 57,378 girls) with the number of children of a school-going age throughout tho Province, it appears that one out of every four boys and one out of every 80 girls are actually receiving instruction of one kind or another. For reasons which will appear when the subject of primary education is discussed further on, tho Licutenant-Governor does not accept theso statistics as an absolutely correct exponent of the present state of cducation in Bengnl, but they woubtedly afford, aitor every allowance has been made for institutions of an clicmeral character and children who are but nominally at school, clear evidence or material progress in education in recent years.

·( 2 ) 4. The statistics in paragraph 2 above will indicate the directions in which progross has been made gonorally; but some explanations may be given here on a fow points. In scbools of special instruction thero is an apparent loss of 1,382 institutions and 23,664 pupils, but this was mainly, if not entirely, due to the transfer of a large number of indigenous tols and maktabs from this class to the houd of primary instruc: tion, to which they properly boiong. In schools of spocial instruction, properly so called, there was an increase of ten institutions and 583 pupils. Female oducation shows a grain of 356 girls' schools and of 13,830 pupils, in boys' as well as girls' schools. The number of colleges and schools entirely supported by the State by tho State was 327, being the sanie als in the previous year, while the number aided rose from 51,510 to 62,708, and the number receiving no aid whatever declined from 6,242 to 5,853. The large increase in aided schools is attributable to further development of tho system of primary oducation. 5. The total expenditure of the Department from bith public funds and private contributions during the past two yours was as follows: YEAK EADING 314T MARCH 168. YEAR ENDING 31ST MARCH 1883. . Guvement expenditure, (Aet.) Rs. (overnment Oxudotare. (Nel.) Rs. ... . University Collegiate Secondary instruction Primary Female Sperial Scholarships Buildings Miscellanenus Suporintendenco 2,77,000 5.58,000) 1.78,000 1,080,1400) 2,995,000(0) 1,57,000 2,12,00) 37,000 4,38,000 Total expenditure. Rs. 60,000 5,24,000 19,21,000 20.11.00) 3,15,000 6.53,000(1) 1.78,000 2.10,000) 42.000 4,10,(100) 2.72.000 0,11,000) 6.81,000 1,13,000 4,08,000)(2) 1,67.00 4,39,000 28.000(0) 4.37,000 Tutul Oxfondivaru. Rs. 00,000 6,02,000 23,35,00) 21.31,400 4, 41,000 (9,60,00 (a) 1,845,000 1,00,000 34,000(6) 1,10,400) Total 26.50,000 1.. 61,12,000 30.50,000 76.51.000 (0) Inclusive of expendituo on indigenous clools of Apecial iustruction. Ditto of grunts for the encouruguinunt of literature. The expenditure on tho unaided Colleges of Calcutta and Burdwan, which are entirely under native management, is not included in this statement. The Government expenditure, it will be observed, increased in the past year hy Rs. 4,00,000, and private expenditure by Rs. 7,33,000 and the percentage of the total cost of education (inclusive of expenditurc on school buildings) borne by the Government fell from 41.3 to 40:4. There was a decrease of Rs. 5,000 in the State expenditure on collegiato education, but an increase of Rs. 53,000 in the expenditure on secondary education, and of Rs. 13,000 in that on female education and on spocial instruction. An additional grant of one lakh was inado for primary education during the year, and the total amount availablo for expenditure was thus raised to six lakis, of which Rs. 5,81,000 were actually spent. The averago yearly cost of cach pupil to the State in the several classes of schools was- ... High English cloools Bindello Bjtto vernacular Uppror primary Lowcr Government institutionin. Rs. A. P. 1: 77 22 0 21 5 9 3 14 1 7 () 6 Ailed institutions Rs. A. P. 6 12 4 6 8 0 2 10 % Ill 9 0 8 7 The higl: cost in the Government Middle English schools is attributed to the inclusion in that class of the Kurnoong boarding school for Europeans, and two boarding schools in the Chittagong llill Tracts, which are all oxponsive institutions. 6. A considerable increase is aguin observable in Mahomedan pupils, their number having amounted to 360,388 at tho end of the year against 262,108 in tho previous year. Tuc percentage of theso pupils at all schools, which stood at 18} in 1830, 20 in 1881, und 22) iu. 1883, has now risen to 273. This seems to the Licutenant-Governor a very fair proportion, as the Mabomedan element does not exceed 31.21 per cent of the entire population, ·( 3 ) It is, however, to be regretted that the porcentage of Mahomodans in the collegos and higher class schools, though improving, continuos still very low, and evidently a considerablo time must yot elapse before the Mahomedans uro found to occupy their proper place in these institutions. The conversion of the Calcutta Madrissa into a second grade college, and the liboral contributions made in aid of that institution by the Amir-i-Kabir of Ilyderabad, the Hon'ble Mabarajah of Durbhungu and several Mahomedan gentlemen of position, in commemoration of the distribution of the prizes thoro by His Excelloncy the Viceroy in January last, will, it is hopod, stimulate tho dovelopment of higher education aniong the botter classes of their community. 7. The report furnishes for the first time roturns of the means, social position, and occupation of the parents and guardians of the pupils at tlo various classes of schools. Having regard to the grcat uncertainty attending even regular official enquiries into the incomes of individuals in this country, the Lieutenant-Goverrior cannot attach valuo to the detailed information liero supplied regarding tho means of the parents and guardians, but tho return of their social position and ocenpation is probably a generally corroct representadtion of the actual facts. From this tublo it appears that, of the parents or guardians of the pupils througlout the country, 9,565 belong to the richer classes, 249,988 to the middle classes, and 1,050,150 to the poorer classes. Of the number bolonging to the iwiddle classes, again, 21,031 aro in Government service, 10,531 in private sorvice, 93,919 landed proprietors, 40,426 professional men and 61,081 traders; and of the poorer classos, 95,031 are in service, 618,325 agriculturists, 113,772 traders, 46,850 skilled labourers, 98,440 vrdinary labourers, and 77,932 follow other miscellaneous callings. The largo majority of College students are, as might have been expected, of the richer and midille classes, but the proportion of youths of the poorer classes found among them-nearly 10 por cent. of the wliolo--is, nevertlioless, fairly high. The parents or guardians are chiefly men in Government and private service and landed proprietors. These three classes also contributo nearly half the pupils in the High Englislı schools, Governinent servants (specially showing a clecided preferenco for these institutions. The proponderance of children of the poorer classes commences in the Middle English schools, where they comprise a little more than hall the pupils, and it naturally becomes very marked in the lower primary schools, where, out of a total of 1,016,482, 875,1.19 bolong to those classes, and only 138,969 and 2,364, to the middle and richer classes respoctively. Girls' schools it appears, attended by 660 children of the richer classes, 10,007 of the middle classes, and 10,158 of the poorer classes. 8. The distribution of the controlling duties of the department among the several classes of officers remained unchanged during the year. The Director is responsible for the entire administration of the Departpont, and lias immediate control of collegiate cducation. The Circle Inspectors, aided by the Joint and Assistant Inspectors, are the chicf local administrative officers of the Department, and they have direct chargo of secondary education, being besides expected to watch over and roport on the progress of primary education. The Magistrate of the district, with whom the District Committee of Education is associated as a consultative body, is immediately responsible for tho stata of primary education, and he is assisted by the Deputy Inspector and the Sub- Inspectors of Schools. The latter are required to visit the primary schools in situ, and they are supervised in this work by Deputy Inspector, whose more immediate duty is the inspection of secondary schools. Turning how to the record of the inspection work done in the past yoar, the Lieutonant-Governor observes that no information is furnished regarding inspections by the Circle Inspectors, Joint-Inspectors and Assistant Inspectors. It being obviously desirable that the Government should bo regularly placed in possession of information on this point, tho Director is requested to supply it in future reports. The amount of inspection work done by the Deputy and Sub-Inspectors generally in the past year does not seem satisfactory. With regard to the Deputy Inspectors, figures of their visits to high and middle schools alone are given, and if these represent the whole of their inspection work, it would appear that they have boen very remiss in several districts, as, for instance, Midnapore, with 42 visits, Beerbhoom, with 68, Jessore, with 63, Julpigori, with 35, Backergunj, with 67, Noakholly, with 22, Mozufferpore, with 31, and Durbhunga, are, ·with 15. In the Chota Nagpore Division the average number of visits was only 12, but this is attributed to the very small number of secondary schools in the province. The same cause probably accounts for the small average in the Orissa Division also. In Midnapore it is stated that the administration of the primary grant took up a large portion of the Deputy Inspector's time, but tho Lieutenant-Governor cannot see why #this should have required Bo much of his attention as to compel him to neglect the inspection of schools of secondary instruction to the oxtent shown in the report. The same causo would probably be assigned for the failuro in inspection work in most districts, but the Licutenant-Governor fears that pressuro of office work is not unoften put forward without sufficient ground as an excuse for omission to proceed on the more arduvus, but more legitimate, duty of inspection. Even in districts where the Deputy Inspector's oflico work is undoubtedly large it could, as observed by the Director, be considerably reduced under a better system. The Liontenant-Governor desiros, therefore, that Mr. Croft will tako the matter into his early consideration and devise, in consultation with the local officers, a sinple and uniform system for all districts. Excess of office work cannot be pleaded by the Sub Inspectors, but in their case also inspection work has not been properly carried out in some districts. The averayo length of their tours during the past year was 200 days, varying from 238 days in the Dacca Division to 154 in the Chota Nagpore Division. The Licutenant-Governor agrcos with the Director that an arcrage of 240 rays might be fairly looked for in tho districts where locomotion is easy, and he trasts that iho district officers will insist on this. It is especially necessary, in view of the extension of the system of chief gurus, model gurus and inspecting pandits, that the Sub Inspectors should be constantly moving about in the interior of their jurisdictions to superviso the work and check the returns of these meni. 9. Unirersity Ellucation. The number of Government colleges during tho year was 12, as in the previous year, that of aided colleges 5, and that of unaiilid colleges 6, inclusive of the Baptist Mission College ut Serampore, which lias since been converted into a theological school. Of the Government colleges ciyht, of tho aitled colleges three and of the undidel colleges one, taught the full courso for the B.A. degree. Of the unaided colleges all but the Martinière are under native management. Tho total number of college students was 2,900, giving an increase of 5.6 per cent. on the previous year, 1,298 being in the Government, 951 in the aided and 651 in tho unaided institutions. The attendance at the Government colleges shows a slight declino duo to a large falling off at Ilooghly and Krishnagur (attributed in the former caso to the establishment of the Maharajal's Free College at Burdwan, anil in the latter to the epidemio of fover from which the Nuddea district hus so severely sufferod), which was not fully inade up my increases at other colleges. Aided collegen, on the other hand, show a gilin of 50 and unaided colleges of 106 students, tlo most largely attended of all colleges, the Metropolitan Institution, being found among the latter. Tho huniber of collego students shows an increase of 208 por cent. in the last nine yours, the Colleges having been attended in 1874 by only 1,053 students. This the Director attributos to the growth and increasing success of aired an privato institutions in Calcutta, the fce-rates of which are much lower than the charge at the Presidency College, and he rightly observes that the large number of students found at these institutions not only justifies their existence, but shows that they came into existence because thero was a need for them." 10. From the particulars furnished in the report, it appears that about 90 per cent. of iho successful candidates at the Entrance Examination, or, in other words, of those who quality for admission into collegos, actually join those institutions. Thenuinbcr of students who, having thus joined, appeared at the First Arts Examination in Dorombor 1882 was 1,070, and of these about 353, or half those who failed, havo discontinued their studiem. Similarly, of those who fuiled at the B. A. Examination in January last, about 136 have not sought re-aclmission, being either unable or unwil. ling to remain longer ut college. Thoso two classes form a large percentage of tho candidates iu search of employment, whether in Government ·- ( 8 ) of private service, whore knowledge of English is requisite, and the above figures afford a fair indication of the number of young men thus annually turned out by the colleges for clerical service. Of the students who suoceed in graduating about one-third find employment under Government, while tbe remainder follow some profession, chiefly the law or medicine, or, in some cases, obtain appointments under private individuals and native chiefs. 11. It is satisfactory to observe a further reduction in the average expenditure on each student at the Government colleges. This amounted in the past year to Rs. 311, of which the State share was Rs. 210 and the contribution from private sources Rs. 101, against Rs. 320 in 1881-82, of which tho State contributed Rs. 217 and private sources Rs. 103. In aided colleges the expenditure of the Stato on each student has fallen from Rs. 28 to Rs. 24, and the total average cost has been reduced from Rs. 185 to Rs. 153. The highest cost in the Government institutions is reached in the college classes of the Bethuno Girls' School, where it amounted to Rs. 604 against Rs. 750, but the circumstances of this school are oxceptional. In Krishnagur the cost rose from Rs. 439 to Rs. 532, this very unfavourable result being due to the large decrease in the number of pupils, for the cause already explained. Considerable reductions having been made in the cost of the professional staff of the College since January last, the next report should show a large diminution in tho average cost of its students to tho Government. An increase of cost is also observable in the Presidency, Patna, Rajshahye and Sanskrit Colleges, while at Hooghly, Cuttack and Chittagong there was a decrease. 12. The results of tho First Arts Examination of the University were less favourable than in the previous year. The number of candidates presenting themselves for examination in 184) was 806, of whom 287, or 35.6 per cent., passed. In 1882 there were 1,118 candidates, inclusive of 42 teachers, and only 370, or 33.09 per cent., wero successful, as shown in the following table: - NUMRER PASSED IN TUR- COLLBORG, Candidates Erumunod, TOTAL. First Division. Soxond Division Third Division, 19 Government Aided Unaided Teachers 473 379 224 42 57 30 20 122 71 198 107 61 6 35 ...... Total 1,1 18 31 107 232 370 The Government colleges, it will bo seen, attained a larger measure of success than the aided and unaided colleges, 41.8 per cent. of their candidatos having passed against 28.2 per cent. of the candidates from aided and 27.2 per cent of those from privato colleges. Of the Government candidates, moreover, one in 25 was placed in the first division, while the aided and private colleges had only one in 63 and one in 37 respectively. 13. In the B. A. Examination more success was obtained than in the preceding year. Altogether 408 candidates, including 27 teachers, presented themselves, and 167 or 41 per cent. were successful, 15 passing in the first division, 39 in the second and 113 in the third division. The Government colleges passed 43.8 per cent. of their candidates against 40-5 per cent. in 1882, the aided colleges 40 per cent. against 24 per cent., and the Metropolitan Institution, which was the only unaided colloge that sent up candidates, 45'3 per cent against 16-6 per cent. The success of this institution reflects great credit on its managers and teaching staff. Among the Government colleges the Ravenshaw College at Cuttack obtained marked Buocean, passing five out of its soven candidates. The next best results were attained in the Rajshahye College, with four successful candidates out of seven, and the Hooghly College, with 13 successful candidates out of 22. Of all the candidates. 205 chose the A, or literature course, and 203 the and the results of the Aramination sram to show that, as the Rowenianna murka • ·(8) B course is presumably not easier, it is taken by the more promising studentielle The A course is selected chiefly by the students of the non-Government colleges, and the B'course by those of the Government colleges, most of these institutions being restricted to preparation for this course alone. 14. For tho M. A. dogree there were 74 candidates, 39 going 'up for honors and 35 for the ordinary degree. Of the former 20 were successful and of the latter 16, these results being more favourable than those of 1882, when only 19 out of 47 candidates passed in honors and 6 out of 20 for the ordinary degree. Half of tho successful men in both examinations were sent up from tho Presidency College. The ITooghly, Sanskrit, Dacca and General Assembly's Colleges passed the remainder in honora; and the Hooghly, Patna and General Assembly's Colleges the remainder in the examination for the ordinary degree. Tho General Assembly's College is apparently the only non-Government college from which candidates went up for this degree in the past year. 15. Secondary Education.—The following statement shows the number of High English Schools and of the pupils attending them during the past two years :- 1881-82. 1882-58. ... .. Govorament achools Aided Uuaided Scliouls. 51 104 02 Pupila. 11.795 14,187 16,615 Schools, 61 115 66 Pupils. 16.020 16,956 18,783 ... Total 217 232 ... ment. 45,597 49,759 Of these schools 11 aro for Europeans and Eurasians. The number of Government schools has remained stationary, no local body having, it is explained, yet come forward to undertake the management of a zillah school. Tho Lieutenant-Governor regrets to learn that the negotiations which were entered into during the year for the transfer of the Boerbhoom school to a local committeo of native gentlemen did not result in a final arrange- The Director is aware of the importance which Mr. Rivors Thompson attaches to the encouragement of private enterprizo in education, and this class of schools particularly might with advantage be made over to native gentlemen in the more advanced contres. They offer, from their great iinportance and popularity, a large field for interesting and renuncrative work to private gentlemen of education. The marked success which has attended thio establishment of unaided colleges in Calcutta is a guarantee that they would continue to be as successful and as useful to the people under private as thoy have been under Government management. The incrcase of 11 in the aided schools was mainly due to the raising of soveral middle class schools into high schools. Of the four new unaided schools, ono was started at Nasirabad by Mr. A. M. Bose, Barrister-at-law, and two were opened at Bhagulpore by Baboo Tej Narain and the Church Mission Society respectively: 16. The following were the results of the University Entrance Examination: NUNDER PASSED IN TIN CLASI OT 8chools, Numbor of competing schools. Number of candidates. Poroetata ot suoo. Firat division. Becond division. Third division, Total. 81 100 00 73 24 Chovernmout erhools Privath Mhools (uncted) (uneludira) Privato students and trachura .. 107 81 121 ... 799 681 788 40 149 05 160 11 419 LIXO 320 19 394 8748 49900 89'0 ... .... Total 211 2.101 190 40L 416 958 19:00 These results are not so good as those of the previous year when' 2,105 pupils appeared and 1,020 or 48.8 per cent. passed; but tho Diroctorconsiders that they cannot be dcome unsatisfactory so long as the percentage of successful candidates exceeds 44. Of the Government schools only the Nizamut College at Moqr. shiedabad, maintained for the oducation of the relatives of the Nawab, which not, however, a regularly organized high school, and the Hazaribagh zillah school, failed to send up candidates in tho past year; but, the loss of these two schools was compensated for by the participation of the Bethune Girls' School ·and the Dacca Madrinsa in the examination. Three only of the schools, those at Julpigori, Deoghur and Cliyebassa, failed to pass any of their candidates. Bad management of late years is stated to be the cause of the failure of the Julpigori school, and the Lieutenant-Governor is glad to find that arrangements have been now made to improve its, condition. Measures have been similarly taken to socuro improvement at Dooghur, Chyebassa and Hazaribagh. Tho progress of the aided schools, as tested by this examination, has been steady and satisfactory since 1878. In that year 73 schools competed out of 84 and 49 were successful, while in the past year 100 schools competed out of 115' and 73 were successful. The unaided schools also show a fair dogree of success. 17. Government High Schools are eithor schools attached to colleges and under the control of the Principal, or Zillah schools, which aro divided into three classes according as the number of pupils excoeds 300, is between 300 and 175, or is under 175. Of tho collegiate schools, judged by the rosults of the Entrance Examination, the most successful in the past year were the Hare and Hindu schools situated in Calcutta, and the Dacca and Patna schools. The two first, though lovying higher rates of fees than those provailing in any othor school for nativo boys, are evidently most popular with the native community, as shown by the largo number of their pupils. The Hare School had an attend. ance of 607 pupils during the year, and its income from fees amounted to Rs. 28,287, against an expenditure of Rs. 27,161: the number of pupils at the Hindoo School. was 450, and its fee-income was Rs. 20,577, against an expenditure of Rs. 20,610. The Dacca Collegiate School lost a fow pupils during the year, but it retained its former position as the third in the list of schools of its class, both in point of numbers and of success at the Entrance Examination. The Patna, collegiate school has risen from tho fifth to the fourth place in the examination. list, and its roll number has also increased from 562 to 586. The continued advance of this school promises woll for the progress of English education in the province of Behar, which has hitherto renainod behind Bengal in this respect. Thic circumstancos of the other collegiate schools do not call for remark, except in the case of the Hooghly school, where a large falling off in the numbor of pupils is attributed to the enforcement of discipline by the new head-master. If the Director is satisfied that the head-master's action was necessary and judicious, the Lieutenant-Governor cannot contemplate tho decline in the attendance of the school with any regret The question of maintaining proper discipline in our schools and colleges generally is, indeed, one which domands the immediate and earnest attention of the Department, and Mr. Rivers Thompson las already desired the Director to submit a special report on the subject. Recent occurrences have emphasized the necessity for an improvement in this direction. Among the objections taken to English cducation by nativo gentlemen of the old school, none is moro frequently and more foolingly advanced than its cvil effect on the demeanour of the boys and young men of the day towards all placed in authority over them, und it is incumbcut on the Government to introduce such measures as may be 'practicable to counteract a result 80 deplorable in itself, and so repugnant" to notions of duty common to India and Western countries. 18. The number of zillal schools of the first class roso during tho yoar from 13 to 17, four schools at Pubnd, Commillah, Baraset and Jessore respectively having been added to the class. The Utterpara school has maintained its position as the first of theso schools. Applications wore lately made to the Government for permission to convert this school into a second grade college, but looking to the proximity of the town to the Hooghly Colloge, and the numerous collegiuto institutions of Calcutta, tho Lieutenant-Governor was unable to accord his consent to the proposal. Next to this school in the order of merit were tho schools at Beerbhoon, Burisaul, Chuprah and Bhagulpore. The zillah schools of tho second class were reduced from nine to eight. in number, owing to the raising of tho four schools above mentioned to the first class, and the transfor in their place of only three schools of the third class--those at Moorsliedabad, Balasoro and Taki. The most successful of the schools are those of l'urroolpore and Bankoora. The question of ultering the constitution of the Moorslıodabad school, to which the Director alludes, ·. ( 8 ) should be separately dealt with, a report being submitted to Government if pecessary. The zillal schools of the third class are 12 in number, the fient place in the list being occupied by the Pooree school, and the next two places by the Maldah and Purulia schools. Referring to the system of placing instruction in the lower classes of zillah schools on a vernacular basis; whick has been introduced in the schools at Jessore, Baraset, Taki and Chyebassa, the Director states that the Jessore and Baraset. schools are reported to have considerably benefitted by the arrangemont. " But," be adds, this reform cannot be carriod out at the outset without considerable tact, and the amalga mation of an Englislı with a vernacular school, which generally precedes the change, is a process which is liablo to be subversive of discipline and organiza. tion, if the two schools are merely brought together, like oil and water, without actual fusion of the component elements. The Assistant Inspector of the Presidency Division noticed a case in which the amalgamation has had the effect of creating classes or sections to the number of twenty-two in a school of less than 200 pupils taught by ten masters. When carefully carried out, as at Taki, it reduces considerably the trouble of making junior classes understand what thoy read, and retain it in their momory.” It is for the Circle Inspectors to see that the change is always judiciously introduced. 19. Of the 115 aided High English schools, 33 are in the Presidency, 30 in the Burdwan, 8 in the Rajshahy, 10 in tho Dacca, 3 in the Chittagong, 6 in the Patna, 3 in the Bhugulpore, 2 in tho Chota Nagpore and 5 in the Orissa Division. In the Presidency Division the results of tho examination of the Narail and Navadwipa schools are said to bave been decidedly creditable to the teaching staff. In the Burdwan Division, the Amta, Ilsoba Mandlyo, Bagati, Peasara, Chandernagore, Ajodhya, and' Bundogra schools appear to havo been inefficiently managed by the local committees, and it is satisfactory to find that the Inspector has since taken steps to improve their management. Of the schools in tho Rajshahyo Division, it is reported that all but that at Serajgungo did badly at tho Entrance examination, and the results in the Dacca, Chittagong, Chota Nagpore and Orissa Divisions also were no better. The condition of many of the schools of these divisions was not creditable to the local committees of munagoment. The Bebar and Bhagulpore Divisions were fairly successful. 20. Middle English schools rose in the past year from 627 with 39,057 to 654 with 41,638 pupils, as appears from the following statement:- 1881-82. Soboola. Goverumont schools... Aided Private Pupils. 1,390 30,038 7,629 1882-AS. Schools. Pupila. 9 1,346 500 32,223 145 8,069 10 479 138 ... A Total 6:7 39,057 654 41.638 “ Most of the Middlo English schools," tho Director states, “have now been placed on a vernacular basis, so that a vernacular school wishing to transform itself into middle English, has merely to add an English master to teach English as a language only, in addition to tho full vernacular course. While strong vernacular schools have a tendency to be converted into middle English, weak middle English schools are constantly reduced to the middle vernacular class, without any great violenco to its internal organization. The difference between the two grades of middle schools is every year becoming less and less marked ever since the publication of the new rules making them equally eligiblo to compete for middle English and middle vernacular scholarships.? Mr. Bellott observes elsewhere that the option given to the boys of the middle schools to take up or abandon the study of English whenever they wish, in consequence of English not being a compulsory subject in these schools, necessitates the keeping up of two sets of classes--one according to progress in the vernacular, and the other according to progress in English and that there would be a gain in efficiency if the same set of boys road. together both English and the other subjects. The Lieutenant-Governor would be glad if the Director would further consider and report on this pointIt would seem that Mr. Bellett's proposals, if adopted, would tend to radically ·7 Lite the existing state of things, and possibly lead to the extinction of the middle Vertaaoular schools as much, 21. The Middle English Scholárship examination was attended by 894 pupils from 863 sobools, of whom 485* were succesaful: This contrasto antavourably with the results in the previous year, when 350 schools sent up 962 candidates and 683 passed; but it is explained that the test in the past year was more severe, the proportion of the maximum marks insisted on as & condition to passing or obtaining a scholarship having been raised. There is apparently no ground for believing that Englişh has been less efficiently fitght: 29. The middle vernacular schools rose from 1,050 to 1,079, and their pupils from 56,441 to 59,213, the gain being. 29 schools and 2,772 pupils. Mr. Bellett thinks, with Mr. Croft, that it would be better to do away with the distinction between these and the Middle. English idle. English schools, and that both classes should be liberally treated in respect of grants-in-aid. It would soon, however, from what has been just stated in the 18th paragraph, that a process of natural selection or survival of the fittest is going on, and that the school is converted into a middle English or remains a middle vernacular as the requirements of the locality demand. It appears to the Lieutenant- Governor that this elastic quality of the present arrangements is not without value. At all events a separate report should be submitted, if the Director desires to obtain the orders of Government on the change suggested. The number of middle' vernacular schools which sent up pupils to the Middle Ver. nacular Scholarship examination was 1,044 and the candidates were 3,936 in number, of whom 1,646 were successful. The results were decidedly worse than in the previous year, whon 1,002 schools sent 3,350 candidates, of whom 2,175 passed, and the same reason is assigned for the failure as that which is believed to have affected the results of the Middle English Scholarship examination. 28. Primary Education.-Primary schools again show a marked advance, their number having rison from 50,788 to 62,551, or by over 23 per cent., and their pupils from 880,937 to 1,094,011, or by over 21 per cent. More than half the increase was contributed by the Dacca and Chittagong Divisions, but there were considerable additions in all the other Divisions. The Government expenditure on primary education rose at the same time from Rs. 4,78,000 to Rs. 5,81,000, and the contributions from private sources are reported to have amounted to Rs. 18,50,000 against Rs. 15,33,000 in the previous year. The schools continue to be divided into upper and lower primary, the former representing the class of schools formerly designated lower vernacular and inoluded among schools of secondary instruction. Many of the indigenous, patshalas, tols, and maktabs are still placed under the head of special instruction, but will hereafter be classed as indigenous schools. 24. Upper primary schools show an increase of 270 schools and 9,831 pupils, and the total number at the close of the year was 2,214 with 78,429 papits. The Upper Primary Scholarship examination was attended by 4,255 pupils from 1,674 schools, against 2,813 pupils from 1,140 schools in the propious year, and 2,288 passed against 1,716. "The Burdwan Division, which pongesses the largest number of these schools, was also the most successful at the étamination, and the Presidency and Patna: Divisions did well. 25. The lower primary schools have increased from 48,844 to 60,337 and their pupils from 812,339 to 1,016,482, and the advance is the more remarkable from its following on successive large increases in each of the preceding five years. It has hitherto been assumed that the large additions made to the number of these schools annually was due not so much to the creation of new schools es to the bringing within the cognizance of the Department of old pohools which had never previously submitted returns. This assumption was probably correct in regard to the bulk of the schools brought on the books of Fio Department up to the end of 1881-82, but the Lientenant Governor doubts whether it can be rightly held to explain the further large Advance in the number of schools in the past year. The conclusion suggested by the statistios for the year 1881-82 was that we were approaching the limits of the indigenous system of education, and, if that view was correct, it is hardly edible that the majority of the 11,403 additional schools returned in the ·# * ( 10 ) past year were old indigenous institutions: There is a strong probability that if the statistics, indeed, represent in all cases schools actually in existence, very maný of these schools were started within the year, or very shortly before, and facts stated in the report suggest the doubt whether such schools possess any stability, or are really fulfilling'any useful function in the educational system of the country: 26. Mr. Wilson, Magistrate of Midnapore, remarks :- " Having devoted considerable attention to the subject (patshala statistics) during the past year, I have been driven to the conclusion that the statistics yearly furnished regarding the progress of primary education are abnost entirely valueloss, and that a very considerable part of the primary education grant hins hitherto been spent in such a way as to secure no corresponding benefit great or small.* The statistics of schools and scholars are of course only valuable as showing how many children are, as a matter of fact, receiving primary educar tion, and the statistics annually submitted do not furnish trustworthy information on this point. because some of tho patshalms which compete at sub-oentro exizminations are only opened for a few weeks, because many of tho gurus sro quito incapable of impurting any useful instruo tion, and because thore is no roason for supposing that the returns submitted by gurus of the average monthly roll number, and average daily attendance, are corroct. Our system is supposed to bo one of payment by results; but as it bus hitherto been worked, the rewards granted have not been distributei at all strictly in accordance with the educational resulta attained. Not only is there no uniform standard of proficiençy at different sub-centro examinations, but the great object being to encourage all comers to swell the figures in the returns difforent standards of proficiency have been applied to different schools at one and the Bame examination, and no giru, as a rule, however incompetent, has boon allowed to go away erdpty-handed.* I am disposed to think that when we give up the pursuit of grand totals and endeavour to uniform the quality of primary education, wo shall not, at all events for the Doxt yenr or two, have more than about 2,500 schools to deal with.* When useless patslialns, in existenco only for a fow months or woeks, and toaching nothing at all, disappear from our lists, it will be much casior to provide for the inspection in situ of those which will remain." Thego observations, the Director himself admits," have a much wider application than appears-at first sight to be the cage;" and he says elsewhere :- * It has been stated on unquestionable. authority that in districts where the reward examinations aro held only once in once in the cold weather temporary patshalas spring up and aro closed as soon as the examinations are over.” Mr. Hopkins, Magistrate of Tipperah, in whose district a very large increase took place in the number of schools in the past year, also remarks: "I am not quite satisfied that all these schoolsare essential to the educational require monts of the district. The number of schools gives ono school to overy 400 of the population; of theso, say 200 are females; this gives, leaving out fomalo education, ono school to overy 206 of the malo population. The male population of school-going age is not moro than 20 per cent., if so much. Aguin considering the mattor from a geographical poiut of view, and taking the area of the district at 2,000 square miles, exclusivo of bhools and jungle, there are two schools to every square mile. From this point of viow I think there is a possibility that there is wiste of power, and that many of these schools are ill-uttondod and located injuriously near to each other." Ho is of opinion that if the schools were reduced by one-half do harm would be done,, and has called the attention of the inspecting agency of his district to the necessity of discouraging any further development of tho number of schools. Again, in. Mymensinghy Chittagong, and Noakholly, whore the number of schools shows a very largo increase, and the local officers are disposed to believe in the genuineness of the returns, the evidence as to the existence of tho schools rests mainly on the statements of the chief or model gurus, who have an obvious pecuniary interest in returning the largest possible number of schools and pupils. In Mymensingh only 288 of the lower primary schools out of 3,144 wero inspected by the Sub-Inspectors in situ, in Chittagong only 951 out of 7,350, and in, Noakholly only 281 out of 1,821. The extremely large proportion of children' of a school-going age reported to be at school in some districts is another feature of the returns justifying. . enquiry, Thus, in Noakholly ono in 1.4, in in Chittagong one in 2:2, in Tipperah one in 13, and in Backergungo .ono in 2.5 children are returned, as compared with one in 1.9, ono in 2.1, one in.2.4, in the districts of the 24-Pergunnahs, Burdwan; and Hooghly respectively, which Bre among the most advanced of the country. The Lieutenant-Governor desires, in giving prominence to these facts and passages from the report, to draw the attention of al Educational Officers and District Magistrate - ·( 11 ) to the necessity for care and watchfulness in the administration of pria mary grant, so as to secure from it the utmost benefit to the people.' It is not his wish to discourage the ostablishment of new schools in districts where their number is still small in comparison with the extont of country and population ; but there can be no doubt that in many districts the developmont of the system of primary education has already reached, if it has not, in some, actually exceeded, the extredie limit compatible with sound administration, and it is desirable that in those districts there should be no further extonsion for some . years, or until the staff of Sub-Inspectors can bo adequately increased. The check which it is possible in such districts to exerciso ovor tho chief gurus, model gurus, and inspecting pandits, and even over tho Sub-Inspectors, now exposed to so much temptation in consequence of the largo suns entrusted to them, is already far from sufficient, and it would only be weakenod by further additions to the number of schools. Consolidation and improvement of oxisting institutions should now be the main object of the local officers, and the search for old indigenous schools outside the palo of the Department, which probably no longer exist in any but a few backward districts, slivuld be generally abandoned. 27. The question of providing an uniform and improved system of audit of school expenditure, to which reference was made in the Resolution on the last Report, still romains unsettled, and the Government has not yot received the report on the subject pronised by the Director. The mattor being of considerable importance, the Lieutenant-Governor trusts that no further time will be lost in submitting a proper Achenie for his consideration. Tho proposal which has been made by sono oflicers that payments to the gurus should be 'effcqted by moans of postal money-orders seems likely to reduce greatly the risk of peculation to which tho systems now in force in difftrent districts are exposed. As pointed out last year, the objects at which any new scheme should aim are prompt payment to the parties entitled.to roceivo them of the sums drawn from the district treasuries, and submission of authentic lls by the inspecting officers. 28. The number of schools competing at the. Lower Primary Scholarship Examination increased in the past year from 8,196 to 10,357, but the propor. tion of competing schools out of the total number of lower primary schools (60,337) Hoes not satisfactory, since it indicates that in & very large majority of the schools even the most advanced boys are not qualified to conipete at this examination. The number of pupils appearing at the examination last ycar was 39,039, of whom 16,792 passed, against 29,182, of whom 15,087 passed in the previous year. The successful pupils were more numerous in the past year but tho increase in their number, it will be obstrved, was not proportionate to the increase in competing schools and candidatos. 29. The following are the chief points callwg for remarks in the detailed information regarding the several Divisions. The system of payment by results prevails in all but a few districts, and to it may be attributed the great developwent of tlie primary system in the last few years. In tho Presidency Division the number of schools rose fron 3,300 with 95,672 pupils to 3,615 with 104,535 pupils, a satisfactory incrcaso having takon placo in all districts except Nuddea, where the fever affected the progress of this as of other classes of schools.' The 24 Pergunnahs shows an increuse of 185 schools, and tho Sub- Inspectors of the district appear to have given proper attention to their inspection duties, 1,477 visits having been paid by them in situ, with a total of 1,238 schools. In · Nuddea these officers did still better, the number of their visits in situ having been 1,115, with a total of 530 schools. The results of the Lower Primary Scholarship examinations in this district appear open to doubt, as the Director himself suggests. They wero held at 28 ccutros, and it is certainly remarkable that so largo a proportion as 311 out of 616 candidates should have boon successful, while only 100 passed out of 604 candidates in the 24-Pergunrahs, where tho examinations took place at the hoad-quarters of thosub divisions. In Jessore the schools increased from 553 with 16,745 pupiis to 652 with 18,866 pupils, “ ånd the Sub-Inspectors 'made 1,162 visits in situ. The Director draws attention to the inconvenionco suffcred by the pupils in this district owing to the extension of the reward exawimations to two or more days, while only one day is taken in other distriats. This sbould be at seem + ·( 12 ) once remedied by the restriction of the examinations to one day. In Moonbedo bad, where the schools increased from 276 with 6,857 to 848 with 9,068 papils during the year, the amount of Inspection work done by the Sab-Inspector was very satisfactory. Each school' under inspection was, qn an average, visited three times. The Burdwan Division gained 755 schools and 12,058 pupils, and the total number of schools and pupils returnod at the close of the year was 9,066 and 199,506 respoctively. The number of local inspections by the Sub- Inspectors was inadequate in all districts, a!though the means of locomotion are fairly good throughout the Division. It is far from satisfactory to find that in Burdwan, with 1,492 schools, only 557 visits were made in situ; in Bankoora, with 1,653 schools, only 663 ; in Beerbhoom, with 554 schools, only 446, in Midnapore, with 4,016 schools, only 2,070; in Hooghly, with 1,414 schools, only 925; and in the small district of Howrab, with 624 schools, oply 387. The mode of applying the payment by results system seems to vary in every district of the Division, and some approach to uniformity might perhaps be made with advantage. This point should receive the Director's attention. It is not clear, for instance, why, in addition to chief gurus, who are employed everywhere, "peripatetic gurus, and shopkeoper gurus," who are apparently unknown elsewhere, should' bo retained in Bankoora. In tho Rajshahye Division the number of schools rose from 1,651 with 42,382 pupils to 2,168 with 52,875 pupils, the largest increase having taken place in Kungpore and Rajshahye. This is a satisfactory advance, as the Division is still backward, and further dovelopment of educational facilities in Deeded. In Dinagepore, Rajshahye, Bogra and Pubna the inspection of schools on the spot appears to have been well attended to, but this cannot be said of Rungporo and Julpigori. In Darjeeling the Deputy Commissioner, it in stated, strongly points out the nocessity for the more frequent inspection of the Terai schools Tho report doos not, howover, explain why theso schögls cannot now bo more frequently inspected. Proposals on the subject should be submitted to Government, if necessary. The most marked increase in lower primary schools occurred in the Dacca Division, where the number rose from 3,545 with 87,481 pupils to 8,316 with 177,939 pupils. In the Dacca district the advance was from 913.to 2,300, in Furreedpore from 348 to 715, in Backergụnge from 468 to 1,934, and in Mymensingh from 1,605 to 3,144. The Lieutenant-Governor has already commented on the figures for Mymensingh, and the returns for the other districts appear to be open to tho samo criticism. In all districts the number of visits made in situ by the inspecting officers was quite inadequato for the proper testing of the reports of the circle gurus. In Backergunge they probably represent accurately enough the number of schools, inasmuoh as nearly the entire increasc was duo to the transfer to this class of schools Previously returned us indigenous institutions, but their correctness centes regards the number of pupils is questionable. In Furreedpore the Deputy Inspector admits that many of the patshalas are not permanent institutions, but" season schools. Cash rewards are said to be still given to pupils in this district; but steps should be at once taken to abolish the system there and in cvery other district where it exists. The gift of books, maps and slates should be substituted. The Chittagong Division shows the noxt largest increase in the number of schools, 7,350 with 153,357 pupils being returned at the end of the year, against 4,602 with 95,880 pupils at tho commencement. The accuracy of the figures is quostionable here also; and the romarkable rise in the number of schools is possibly due to the classing as schools of the little knots of children found under private tuition in the houses of many, of the more substantial cultivators. Tho Director points out in the case of 'Noakholly, that, if the primary system continues to expand at the rate shown in the past year, the district will shortly return "every child of school-going age as already at school-a conditioú of things hardly realised in more advanced countries that Bengal.” Local inspection has been much neglected in every, district of the Division, and the Lieutenant-Governor will expect a decided improvement'in ·( 13 ) this respect in future. No information is furnished regarding the Hill Tracts. The Director's attention has already been drawn, in the Resolution on the Annual Administration Report of the Division, to the neglect of this district by the Department, and it is necessary that the state of education there should be noticed in future reports. The progress made in the Patna Division was satisfactory, except in the Durbhunga district, and the primary system is still susceptible of much expansion in that Division. The schools increased during tue year from '9,933 with 111,607 pupils to . 11,039 with 122,674 pupils. In Vurbhunga there was a marked falling off in tho number of schools, but this appcars to be mainly due to the fact that a large number of schools omitted to submit roturns at the end of the year, as the number of schools oxamined by the Deputy Inspector at central gatherings was larger than that returned for tho preceding year. The chief guru system is generally reported to have worked well; but Mr. Norman, who joined the district of Mozufferpore during the yoar, is not satisfied with its results in that district. He has introduced somo changes in the system, and the noxt report will, it is hoped, be more favourable. Tho Bhagulpore Division shows a declinc in the number of schools, but an increase in the yumber of pupils. Thero were 7,464 schools with 82,649 pupils at tho end of the year, against .7,504 schools with 81,813 pupils in the previous year. A considerable decreaso in both schools and pupils occurred in Bliagulpore, and is ascribed to the proceedings arising out of the discovery of the embezzlement of primary funds for' which tho Sub-Inspector of the Soopole subdivision was convicted some time since. The schools from .which returns were not received appear to be still in existence, and it is hoped that they will shortly resume their. connection with tho Department. In Monghyr and. Purneah there was a fairly large advance in schools and pupils, while in Maldah and the Sonthal Pergunnahs the numbers were noarly stationary. In the latter · district 64 schools were under Missionary management. Tho number of Sunthals and Paharias under instruction: Blows a falling off, and this is attributed · to delay in introducing the scheme .of Sonthal education contemplatod in 1881-82. That scheme has, it is presunied, been now started. In the Chota Nagpore Division the number of schools has made a fair advance, but it is unsatisfactory to notice a decline in the number of pupils of the aboriginal races, the Sonthals only, being moro numerous than in ihe preceding yoar. The payment by "results system is worked on a compara-, tively large scale in Manbhoom alono, tlo stipendiary system being genorally preferred elsewhere. The Division has altogether 1,073 schools with 20,676 pupils, against 901 schools with 26,110 pupils in 1881-82. The amount of local inspoction done by the Sub-Inspectors was fair in Lohardugga, but in-. suflicient in Manbhoom and Hazaribagh, and vory deficient in Singbhoom. In Orissa · considerable progress was made, the number .of schools having risen from 7,621 with $6,395 pupils to 9,816 with 08,592 pupils. Each district has a staff of inspecting pandits, and in Cuttack chief gurus aro also employed. In Cuttack and Pooree money rewards were given to pupils, but. this system must now bo abandonod. In all districts, and more especially in : Poores, the number of inspections in situ was inadequate. In the Tributary Mehals the schools rose from 992 to 1,004, but their pupils declined from 13,019 to 12,576. The loss of pupils is attributed to the transfer of the Government estate of Banki, which was educationally one of tho niost advanced of the mehals, to the district of Cuttack. 30. European and Eurasian Education.—The Committee of Enquiry on European education submitted thoir report during the year, together with a Code of regulations for the working of the now systom proposed by them. These regulations have been introduced, as an experimental measure, since the close of the year, the charge of European cducation being ontrusted to a special Inspector. Definite orders as to the adoption of the Code in its present or in a modified form will not be passed by the Supreme Government until its suitability has been tested for two ycars. The number of schools for Europeans and Eurasians (the two classes being treated as one for educational purposes) in tho province, and the Government expendituru . + ·( 14 ) incurred on them in the last two years, are compared in the following 3 statement : Number of schools on tho Number of wobolar in tham 81st Maroh on the 31. roh Government empap. ditura. orism. 1899. 1888. 1898. J888. 1891-82. 1803.08 81 . ... Government Aidad Vuaided 8,594 74,129 4,848 1,030 11,009 1,03,00 .. 382 .de .. .... Total 88 89 8,617 8,882 82,718 1,18,090 A slight increase is observable in both schools and pupils, but the return of unaided schools is said to be incomplete. Tho Diroctor states that, instead of the nino schools with 562 pupils shown in the statement, 20 schools are known to oxist with, probably, botween 1,000 and 1,200 pupils. Calcutta has 32 schools, of which 16 arc Protestant and 14 Roman Catholic, the denomination of the remaining two being undefined. The most important of the High Schools, seven in number, are tho St. Xavier's, Dovoton and Free Schools; and of the six middlo schools the Catholic Male Orphanago and St. Joseph's Schools are the largest The most important of the mofussil schools are found at Kurseong and Darjeeling At the former placo is locatod the Boarding School for the children of Europoan Government omployés, where 48 boys and 33 girls were under instruction at the end of the year at a cost to their parents or guardians varying from Rs. 10 to Rs. 20 per mengem. Darjeeling has four European schools, attended by 173 boys and 174 girls. Nine of the remaining mofussil schools are maintainod by the East Indian Railway Company at stations on their line, with the help of grants from the Govornment. The number of pupils instructed at those institutions is 345, the cost to the Company being Rs. 502 monthly, supplementod by a total contribution of Rs. 604 from the Government. The total number of candidatos from the European schools appearing at the Entranco Examina. tion was 82 against 85 in 1881-82, and 41 were successful against 46. St. Xavier's and the Doreton sent up and passed the majority of the candidates. 31. Female Education. An important step has been taken in conneotion with female education since the close of tho year by the throwing open of the Calcutta Medical Colloge to female students. This measure was, in the first instance, opposed by the majority of the Council of the College on the ground of difficulty in teaching mixed classes of the two sexes, and of the unfitness of women for the profession of medicine; but Mr. Rivers Thompson felt no hesitation in ovorruling those objections, in view of the success which has attendod the movement for the training of women in medicine and surgery in Europe and America, and even in the Presidency of Madras. He is glad to learn that the Collego authorities are giving effect cordially to his decision, and he is sanguine that this measure will bo fraught with the utmost benefit to the female population of the province, whom caste and żonana prejudices now very generally debar from treatment by male practitioners. Should the change prove succossful after a sufficient trial, the question of extending it to the Vernacular Modical Schools will be considered. 32. The number of female schools and pupils in the past two years was as follows: 1881-82, 1882-83. Government school, Aided Privato Schools. 2 963 77 Pupila. 299 17,996 2,729 Sohools. 2 1,811 86 Pupilo. 801 84,623 2,661 !! ... ... Total 1,042 . 1,898 21,018 23,078 27,485 81,187 Girls in boys' schools Total 44,096 68,088 ...... The increase in schools and pupils was considerable, and there has been an increasing willingness of the part of parents to send their daughters ·+ + ( 15 ). to boys' schools, through the medium of which education can be imparted more economically than in purely female schools. The only Government schools of this class are the Bethune School in Calcutta and the Eden School at Dacca, both of which are very useful institutions, educating a large number of girls. The Bethune School has now a College Dopartment, and two of its pupils took the B. A. degree during the year. Apart from this chool, the Government promotes native female education in Calcutta by grants to several Zenana Agencies, Normal Schools, Orphanages and Schools under the management of various religious bodies. The progress returns of 1,810 pupils reading in zenanas or in schools mainly connected with zenana agencies, submitted by the Inspectress of Schools, show that more pupils now seek to attain the higher standards of the examination held to test their progress. The Inspectress, indeed, complains of the existence of a morbid. desire to use advanced reading books, while writing and spelling, explanation and aritbmetic, are not properly cared for. 33. In all Divisions, except Bhagulporo, the number of girls' schools advanced, the increase being largest in Dacca. The Presidency Division had 243 schools against 192 in the previous year, but the increase occurred almost ontirely in the districts of Nuddea and Jessore. The Burdwan Division shows 127 schools with 2,475 pupils,. as compared with 99 schools and 2,075 pupils in 1881-82. The number of girls at school has increased very considerably in Burdwan, owing, it appears, to the gurus of boys' schools having been granted permission to open a girls' class in connection with their patshalas, and being allowed two annas a month for every girl in attendance who shows progress. Five scholarships, debitable to the primary allotment, have been created in Bankoora for the encouragement of girls' schools. In the Rajshahyo Division the schools rose from 34 to 53, and their pupils from 749 to 1,032. The Circle Inspector reports that female education in the Division is, on the whole, in its infancy, and that much cannot be looked for, for some time to come. The increase in schools and pupils. in the Dacca Division has been so large.as to give cause for suspecting the correctness of the returne. Tho schools advanced from 219 to 552, and their pupils from 3,530 to 8,162, the increase having taken place mainly in the Mymensingh district, where the number of pupils is returned' at 5,645 against only 1,508 in the previous year. The cause of this apparent marked development of female education in Mymensingh is stated to be the revival of an old departmental rule, under which an allowance of one rupee a month was paid to a teacher for every five girls under instruction. This rule, however, obviously holds out a strong temptation to gurus, and to the model or chief gurus over them, to exaggerate the number of girls at school, wherever, as in the present case, the Sub-Inspectors seldom visit the schools. In the Chittagong Division the number of schools rose from 183 to 188, and of pupils from 4,954 to 7,327, inclusive of 5,034 reading in boys' schools. Female education is very backward in Behar, and more attention should be given to its development by tho officers of the Patna Division. The number of schools rose from 9 to 16 during the year, and the pupils from 254 to 391. There were also 1,833 girls at boys' schools, but this number shows a declino of more than 300 on the figures of the previous year. Of these girls, moreover, 1,652 are found in the Durbhunga district alone. In the Bhagulpore Division there has been a slight fall in schools, but an increase in pupils. The Chota Nagpore and Orissa Divisions show an increase in both schools and pupils. 34. Special Instruction-Law Schools. - The total number of law students increased from 460 to 564, but the increase was confined to private institutions, the entire number in the Government colleges having declined from 270 to 143. The loss of students has been most marked in tho Presidency College, where the number on the rolls has dwindled from 121 to 11. This rebult is attributable to the competition of the Metrɔpolitan Institution and City College, where tlie fees are sınaller. Considering the success of the law classes at these institutions, the unwillingness of students to join the Prosidency College at the present rates of fees, and the objection to the Government entering into competition with the private colleges by reducing the fees in its own colleges, the Lieutenant-Governor has approved of the abolition of the law ·1 ( 16 ) classes of the Presidency College at the end of the current year, should no adequato increase take place in the number of students. Of the 504 law students in the past year, no less than 421 were found at the Metropolitan Institution and the City College. The candidates for the degree of Bachelor of Law were 116, and 94 passod. . 35. Medical Schools. The number of students at the Medical College increased from 117 to 126, and at the vernacular schools of medicine Spany 310 to 391. In addition to these, 46 pupils attend a homæopathic schoq started at Dacca. Twelve students from the Medical College passed the first M. B. and L. M. S. examinations, and 11 the final examinations. Five native dhars also qualified in midwifory. Since the first establishment of the Modical College, 44 years ago, 731 students have obtained degrees and licenses in medicine and surgery, of whom 26 came from Ceylon. The Campbell Medical School had an increase of students, but the number whichi qualified for the diploina was only 20 against 44 in the previous year; the results were more satisfactory at the Dacca school, whero the number of students who passed the diploma examination as well as the total number on the roll increased. The Temple School at Bankipore had 157 students ; 2 bolonging to the Military and the rest to the Civil class. The number which passed the diploma examination was satisfactory. Students from the Central Provinces are now truined at this School, tho Nagpore Modical School having been abolished. The Cuttack School passed 12 studonts for the diploma, and its pupils increased from 30 to 36. The school is doing excellent work for the province of Orissa. 36. Engineering.--The students of the Seebporo College nambered 166 at the end of the year, 61 being in the Engineer and 105 in the Apprentice Department. Only one student in the former dcpartment passed the L. C. E. examination, but all tho 12 students of the fourth year in the latter passed the final examination. The second and third-ytar Engineer classes were sent to Muddapore for the usual practical survoy instruction. Twenty-four students passed the Public Works Department examinations for the various grados of appointments, against 25 in the previous year. 37. Survey und Industrial Schwols.-There was an increase of pupils at each of the survey schools of Dawca, Patna, and Cuttack, the total number at the three schools having risen from 114 to 146. There is, it is stated, a great demand for passed students of the Dacca School for the State Railway surveys in that district and Mymonsingh. A survey class was opcnod at Ranchi for the training of ameens for the Chota Nagpore Estate and the local district works. It is supported from Municipal Funds and attended by Native Christians. Tho Dehree and Ranchi Industrial Schools had 102 pupils on their rolls against 88 in 1881-82. Artizans are also trained at Nawadi and Jamalpore by the East Indian Railway Company. 38. School of Art. This school continues to maintain a high standard of efficiency, and its students increased from 77 to 96. No additions were made to the Art Gallery. European ladios and gentlomen, as well as nativo students, are reported to havo made copies of tho paintings during the yoar. The Licutenant-Governor hopos to be able shortly to placo this gallery on an improved footing. 39. Norinal Schools.---Thoso schools are now 14 in number, and there is a small training class at Ghatsila in Singbhoom. Eight of the schools are of the first, and six of the third grade. At the Vernacular Mastership Examination for pupils of the first grade schools, 292 candidates appeared, of whom 52 obtained first grade certificates, 70 second grado, and 93 third grade. The results were less satisfactory than in the previous year, when, out of 251 candidates, 218 received certificutes. Inclusive of third as well as first grade schools; the total number of students who qualified for teacherslips. during the year was 464, and so great was the demand for their servicds, that they all at once received employment. The Hooghly and Patna Schools have the largest number of students. The Sonthal Normal School at Bhimpore, in the district of Midnapore, which trains "both male and female teachers for employment under the Amcrican Missionarios in the jungle schools, is also well attended. There were 86 pupils under instruction during the year, of whom 55 were Sonthals, 27 Native Christians, and 4 Lindus..

·( 17 ) 40. Madrissas.-The total number of pupils at the four. Government Mofussil Madrissas of Hoogbly, Rajshahye, Dacca, and Chittagong, and in the Arabic Department of the Calcutta Madrissa, was 1,139 at the end of the year against 1,089 in the preceding year. The mofussil wadrissas are maintained from the Mohsin Endowment Fund, but the expenses of the Calcutta Madrissa Ihave hitherto been met entirely from Provincial revenues. It has now been decided torradwert this Madrissa into a second grade college, to meet the demand of the M hommedan community for a separate collegiate institution in Calcutta, and the additional funds required for the purpose will be provided from the Mohsin grant of the Rajshahye Madrissa, which has been closed. The total amount expended on Mahommedan cducation from the Mohsin Fund during the year was Rs. 49,324, of which Rs. 38,443 were devoted to the support of the Madrissas and the part payment of the fees of Mahommedan pupils and of Arabic and Persian teachers, and Rs. 10,881 to scholarships. The results of the central oxamination of the Madrissas 'contrasted very favourably with those of the two previous years. Of the 172 candidates examined, 51 passed in the first division, 21 in the second and 39 in the third. T'ho number of students at the Calcutta Madrissa and its branch school was 1,116, of whom 727 were studying English. The best attended of the mofussil madrissas are those of Chittagong and Dacca, which had at the end of the year 382 and 338 students respectively. The number of students at the Rajshahyo Madrissa was 127 and at tho Ilooghly Madrissa 40. 41. Sanskrit Tille Examination. --Sixty.one candidates appeared at this examination against 53 in the previous year, and 46 passed against 25. Fiftyseven were Bengalis, three Uriyas and one Hindustani; Karya or literature was sclected by 23 candidates, of whom 17 passed; Smriti or law by 28 candidates of whom 23 passed ; and Darsana or philosphy by 10 candidates of whom six passed. This examination has attained much popularity in Bengal and the surrounding provinces, and many rewards and scholarships for tho encouragement of tho cundidates have been given by Hindu gentlemen. Titles are also conferred by the Dacca Saraswat Sonaj, but, the Circle Inspector observes, the exercise of this privilege by tho Society seems no longer desirable now that examinations are lield by thy Department in Calcutta. The question of withdrawing it should be considered by the Director. 42. Scholarships.--In addition to the two existing agricultural scholarships of £200 a ycar, two new scholarships of £50 and £20 respectively were sanctioned during the year for competition among the Bengul scholarship-holders at the Circncoster Agricultural College in order to encourage the study of veterinary science. The total Government cxpenditure on other scholarships of all classes within tho province was Rs. 1,64,802. Numerous donations for scholarships and prizes wero also made by private gentlemen during the year, amongst which may be mentioned-Rs. 15,000 by Nawab Shams-ul-Omra, Amir-i-Kabir, Kurslid Jah Bahadur of Hyderabad, Rs. 12,000 by the Hon'ble Maharaja of Durbhunga, and Rs. 6,000 by Syed Lutf Ali Khan c.1.E., of Patna for the benefit of students of the Calcutta Madriesa ; Rs. 5,000 by the Hon'ble Maharaja of Durbhunga in connection with the Sanscrit Title Examination ; and Rs. 5,000 by the Maharaja of Burdwan. 43. School-books. A great impetus has, it is stated, been given to the preparation of school-books in tho province of Behar, whore a few years since not one was published. The duty of examining and approving text-books for the province is discharged by a local branch of the Central Text-book Committee, and much useful work has been done by the members. Seven books, two in the Kaithi character, were printed in the past year, and a large number of others in the Kaithi character will be issued in the current year from the Patna Press. In-Orissa the difficulty felt in the supply of maps and atlases to the vernacular schools of the province has now been solved by the publication of an excellent Uriya Atlas, said to be equal in execution to the best production of its kind in Bengali, by the Hon. Kumar Baikanta Nath Dé of Balasore; and the same public-spirited gentleman intends also to publish a series of wallmaps for the use of schools. 44. The Department has lost the services of a valuable officer since the close of the year by the retirement, on pension, of Babu Bbudeb Mukherji, C.I.E., who, .

·( 18 ) WAS so long associated with the progress of education in Bengal. The Lieute- Dant-Goveruor has already conveyed to Babu Bhudeb Mukherji an expression of the high estimation in which the Government holds the services rendered by him, especially in connection with the extension of primary education. By order of the Licutenant-Governor of Bengal, A. P. MACDONNELL, lawye 0jg. Secretary to the Government of Bengal. No. 49. COPY forwarded to the Director of Public Instruction for information and guidance, with special reference to paragraphs 8, 20, 22, 27, and 29. Circular No. 3 Cory forwarded to all Commissioners of Divisions for information, and for communication to Magistrates of Districts and District Committees. By order of the Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal, C. W. BOLTON, Under-Secretary to the Government of Bengal. CALCUTTA, The 23rd January 1884. C. E. G. and other. H. No. 11407-89828-1-84.

·No text on this page.

·No text on this page.

·No text on this page.

·No text on this page.

·No text on this page.