·BOMBAY;
PRINTED AT GANPAT KRISIINAJI'S PRESS BY TIIE
PROPRIETOR, ATMARAM KANOBA.

·भथ मार्गोपदेशिका संस्कृतं जिज्ञासूनां मुम्बापुरस्थयुरोपीयपण्डितपरिषदत्त मास्तर आव् आतंति ज- मण्यदेशीयगोतिगाणपुरस्थविद्वत्परिषदत्त फिलासफीए दाक्तर एत आर्शिउम् माजिस्तेरेत्युपपदद्वयधारिणा लन्दनराजधा- नीपतिरायलआसिआतिकसोसतीत्यभिधपण्डितसद- सा स्वसदस्यपदं प्रापितेन दक्षिणापथवार्त- पियालयस्थसंस्कृताध्यापकेन भाण्डारकरकुलोत्पन्नेन गोपालसूनुना रामकृष्णेन विरचिता सत्सूनुना मास्तर आव आतेत्युपपदधारिणा श्रीधरेण च संशोधिता। -00- सा च मुम्बापुर्या मुद्रिना। नवमीबमकनाइत्तिः। शकनृपाब्दाः १००० मूल्यमानाः पद।

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·PREFACE TO THE EIGHTH EDITION. A new lesson on the Potential Mood has been added in the present edition. All the conjugational tenses and moods of the first class of conjugations have thus been brought together in the same book. Poona, 17th May 1883. PREFACE TO THE FIRST DYTION. The study of Sanskrit has but recently risen in the estimation of the educated natives of this Presidency and of our Educational authorities. The old Sanskrit College of Poona owed its existence and continuance rather to a spirit of conciliation and toleration in our rulers, than to their conviction of the utility of Sanskrit as a branch of general education. The modern critical and progressive spirit was not brought to bear upon it. The old Sastris were allowed to carry all things in their own way. After about thirty years since its establishment, the authorities began to exercise active baterference, until at length the College was abolished, and a new system inaugurated, which to be complete and effective, requires in my humble opinion, a partial restoration of the old institution. This newly-awakened and more onlightened zeal in favour of Sanskrit cannot last, or produce extensive ro·vi PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. sults, unless books are prepared to facilitate the gene. ral study of that language. I have heard students complain that they find Sanskrit more difficult than Latin, and many have actually left the study of their own classical tongue for that of its foreign rival. I do not know if this complaint has a foundation in the structure of the two languages; but this, at least, I am sure of, that Sanskrit would be considerably more easy than it is, if there were men educated in our English Colleges to teach it, and if books specially adapted for beginners were available. It was with the view of supplying in some measure this latter desideratum, that this little book was prepared about a year and a half ago. Its plan was originally sketched out by Dr. Haug, though in a few places I found it necessary to deviate from it. The Book is intended principally for boys; but for the benefit of young men whose minds have already undergone some culture, I have added a great deal of matter, especially in foot-notes, which perhaps ought not to be introduced into a book written merely for children. In preparing the book, I found nothing so difficult as composing from about forty to fifty sentences, Sanskrit and English, for each lesson, since my choice of words and gravmatical forms was considerably limited by the conditions of that lesson. I have, however, done what I could, and in several places, especially at the end, have put in such sentences, occurring in original Sanskrit works, as I remembered. It is attempted to teach nearly all the declensions, some irregularities only being omitted, foue conjugations of verbs, two•tenses and one mood, pas ·PREFACE TO THE FIFTH EDITION sive forms, and some of the more important verbal derivatives. Poona, March 1864. R. G. B. One of my aims in giving to this book its peculiar form, was to enable the intelligent student to go through it without assistance. I am now happy to learn that this object it remarkably fulfils. To increase its efficacy in this respect, such explanations as seemed to be called for have been added in the shape of foot-notes, and a few other improvements and modifications been made. Ratnagiri, 16th November 1866. R. G. B. PREFACE TO THE FIFTH EDITION. It has come to my knowledge that in some of the schools in which this book is taught, the teachers conwider it to be their only duty to get their pupils to translate mechanically from and into Sanskrit the sen. tences given in each lesson. They pay little or no attention to the grammatical portion. In others, such books as the common Rûpavali are put into the hands of the pupils, and they are made to learn by heart the declensional forms given in these. This shows a misconception of the object of this book, which is evidently to teach grammar, and to teach it, not for its own sake, but in its connexion with the language, not in a manner simply to overburden the pupil's memory, but in a manner to awaken and encourage thought. The sentences are intended to serve as exercises in the rules ·viii PREPACE TO THE FIFTE EDITION. and forms, and should be used as such. The teachor should see that the pupil thoroughly understands the rules and knows the forms, and, in going over the sentences, get him frequently to explain the grammar of the words occurring therein, and such other points. Repeated exercise is what the teacher should particu• larly attend to. To help him in this portion of his work, and to enable the pupil to digest what he has jearnt into a connected whole, I have in certain places given examination questions, and brought together the results of the lessons that precede. Another im. provement is a general Glossary of all the words contained in the book, which will be found at the end. I am very glad to hear from my friend, the Curator of the Government Book Depot, that this book is used in various parts of India, and that the demand for copies is daily increasing and extending over a wider area. The improvements made in this edition will, I earnestly hope, increase its usefulness and render; still more acceptable. Bombay, 9th September 1871, R, GB, ·उपोद्घातः। संस्कृतभाषागहनप्रविविक्षणां मार्गोपदेशिकेयं पाठा- वलिप्रथ्यते । अस्यां चैकैकस्मिन् पाठे पूर्व प्रकृतिप्रत्यया- झकार्यादीनि प्रदर्य पश्चाद्यथासंभवं सुप्तिङ्कदन्तानां रूपाणि वाक्येषु प्रयुज्योदाहरिष्यामि । तानि च वाक्या- न्याङ्ग्लभाषया विद्यार्थिनो विपरिणमयेयुः । तथैवाल- वाक्यानि पाठान्ते लेखिष्यमाणानि संस्कृतरूपं प्रापयेयुः। इत्थमल्पायासेनैव यान्यत्र विभक्त्यादिरूपाण्युपनिभ- न्यन्ते तान्यध्येतुः स्मृतौ दृढमवगाढानि भविष्यन्ति । संस्कृतवाक्येषु व्युपत्तिस्तद्रचनायां चाल्पमपि पाटवं समासादितं च भविष्यति । संस्कृतं जिज्ञासूनामीप्सितसिद्धिकृत्सु रघुवंशादिका- व्येषु सत्सु किमर्थोयं यत्न इति चेदुच्यते। काचिदप्यपरि- चितपूर्वा भाषा तस्या व्याकरणमनधीत्य न सम्यग् ज्ञा. यते। एतदेवाभिमेत्य व्याकरणप्रयोजनेषु लध्वसंदेहाविति प्रयोजनइयं कात्यायनः परिसंचख्यौ भाष्यकृयेन्द्रबृह- स्पत्याख्यायिकामुदाजहार ।। ननु तर्हि सहैव काव्येन ·x लघुकौमुदी तत्सदृशोऽन्यो वा व्याकरणग्रन्थोऽप्यधो- यतां किं पुनरनया पाठवल्येति चेन्न । तादृशानां ग्रन्था- नां बालकैः प्रौढवयस्कैरपि पुरुषैः संस्कृतमजानद्भिर्दुरव- बोधतया तेषामध्ययने महान् कालक्षेपो भवति। गरीयां- श्व परिश्रमोऽपेक्ष्यते । न तथेदृशस्य ग्रन्थस्य । तस्य स- रलान्वयिवाक्यवत्त्वात्तद्गतव्याकरणसिद्धान्तानामपि वै- शयेनाभिहितत्वात् । एतल्लक्षणस्य ग्रन्थस्याभावात्संप्रति कतिपये नवविद्यार्थिनः संस्कृताध्ययनात्पराजयन्ते तन्मा भूदितोयं पाठावलियथामति विरच्यते ॥

·TABLE OF CONTENTS. LESSON PAGE 1 .................. ........... TIIE ALPHABET VERBS.PARASMAIPADA-PRESENT TENSE. 1. Singular Terminations 4 II. Plural Terminations. III. Dual Terminations IV. On the Present Tense generally General Results and E.camination............ 11 PREPOSITIONS 13 6 7 9 .......... ......... ..... NOUNS EXDING IN SY AND F, MASCULINE AND NEUTER. ... .... ........ V. Nominative Case........ 14 VI. Accusative Case 18 VII. Instrumental Case 22 VIII. Dative and Ablative Cases 24 IX. Genitive, Locative, and Vocative Cases... 28 General Results and Examination........ 31 ADVERBS 34 .... VERBS.--ATMANEPAD PADA-PRESENT TENSE. X. Singular Namber X). Dual and Plural Numbers XII Passive and Impersonal Forms General Results and Examination ............ 35 37 39 ............... 41 ·xii PAGE .......... LESSON FEMININE NOUNS ENDING IN STT AND G. XIII. Nominative and Accusative Cases ..... 42 XIV. Instrumental, Dative, and Ablative Cases 45 XV. Genitive, Locative, and Vocative Cases .. 48 General Results and Examination 50 VERBS.—IMPERPECT, OR FIRST PRETEBITE. XVI. Parasmaipada, Singular and Dual Numbers 51 XVII. Parasmaipada, Plural Number, and Âtmanepada, Singular Number 53 XVIII. Atmanepada, Dual and Plural Numbers 55 General Results and Examination ........... 57 NOUNS ENDING IN OTHER Vowels, Mascu- LINE AND NEUTER. .. .... XIX. The first four cases of nouns ending in and F Masc. and Neut, 58 XX. The last four cases 62 Examination 65 XXI. Feminine Nouns ending in 5,7,5 and 65 Examination 70 ...I VERBS. -IMPERATIVE MOOD. 71 73 XXII. Parasmaipada XXIII. Åtmanepada XXIV. Soine of the more important Verbei Derivatives...... Examination ........... 74 77 1...7 10.I.S.

·LESSON PAGE NOUNS ENDING IN CONSONANTS. XxV. च्, द, न, वन, मत् Examination XXVI. अन् and इन् Examination xxVII. स, वस्, and ईयस् or एयस्.. Examination.. ......... 78 82 83 89 89 95 ..... ....... ............ XXVIII. Verbs-Potential Mood............... 96 Examination 101 ...... PRONOUNS. .................... ........... ........ XXIX. Demonstrative, Relative, and Interrogative 102 Examination 106 XXX. Of the 1st and 2nd Persons............ 107 XXXI. भरस and इदम् . 110 Examination 114 XXXII. SELECTIONS, POETICAL&PROSE 115 GLOSSARY,SANSKRIT AND ENGLISH... 119 ENGLISH AND SANSKRIT... 147 ............. 9 ·FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. ALPHABET. l'ouels. इ औ Как влогие Ia, । ऊ, ऋri, ऋ., ल! ए. ऐai, ओ, Anushara. : Visarya. the Consonants. flutturals क; ख_kh, ग, घ, इ., Palatals च ch, chh, ज, झjh, , Linguals P, th, ड्, , , Dentals त्, थ् th, द्ध dh, न्, Labials , , म्॥, Palatal य्, Lingual , Semi-vowels Dental ! Dental and Labial T v, Palatal श , , Sibilants .. Lingual sh, Dental स् , Aspirate . The last three letters of each of the first tive classes, together with the semi-vowels and the aspirate, aro 'alled soft. consonants. The rest are called surds or hard consonants. हूँ ॥

·2 FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. The vowel letters assume the following forms wheni added to consonants :-- " The addition of 37 is to be known by the olilitera tion of the nether stroke ; and for आ, इ, ई, उ, ऊ, ऋ फ, ल, ए, ऐ, ओ, औ, we haverf, 1, , respectively, as in the following instances, ir which these vowels are added on to a:- it ka, Fit kâ Far ki, it ki, ku, ků, s kri, k1, pri kli, ãg ke के kai, को ko, को kau. The principal conjunct consonants are these :-- य g-r-ya का k-ha h k-ta क्व kt-1a on kuna कम k-ma कk-m क्य ka क. k-la. कk-12 BT k-slia है t-tal त्स्य t-5-ya ग्ल gh टच -ya त्र t-la ग्वg-a = t11-11 स्प t-1-12 ध्य gh-Ja व्य thiya at na घgli-la गdgu त्प t-la ध्व gh-Ja ड्य diya त्स t-sa न gh.ha ड्डd-12 व्य t-r-Ja i-ha d-ima रफ t-pha 1. ii-k-ta. ढय !h-ja त्थ 1-tha च्य (li-Ja स्त्र t-5-11a च th-tha स्त्र t-t-1a च्छ th-chha ण्य -yar थ्य th-Jan cl-chah-va of r-11-yả d-ga च्म ch-ma ण्व -2 any ch-chah-ra # t-ta 2 d-yu. त्य t-ya त्व t.ln त्म t-ma द्रघ l-i-ya पण l-ar एम n-ma श्य k-h-Ja स्वk-51-12 क्ष्म k-sh-ma ण k-sh-ha ख्य kh-ya ग्ध g-dha मg-na ग्रg.ra Td-la ज्ज 12 ६d-da d-dha न J-ra ज्वJ-12 ·FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. < diya द्र d-l-a प्स p-la ल्म ]-ma ल्व l-va घ d-1-ya प्रp-ra प्य -ya ल 1-la ब्ध U-dha व्य Viya त्र 1-ra. ब्ज 0-Ja द्र -12 मd-ma e della 5 d-1-12 ध्म dlh-ma न dh-ma dl-ra म sh-p-ra ष्य sh-ya व्व sh-12 Fa -ka स्खs-kha FT s ta स्म S-Ima FPT s-tha स्र S-10 वS-11a ब्द -da ब्र )-1a. श्र-la भ-na श्य -yi श्व- ध्य dh-ya ध्व dh-va r-lh-va स्म 5-1-12 Em s-1le स्य S-ye न्न 11-11a म्य m-ya न्य ll-ya न्व 1-1a न्म 11-1ma #p-ta प्त्य p-tiya प्स p-sar म p-lla प्य Piya प्म prillia ब्य )-Ja a bh-ya y c-la 7 bl-ra भ्ण bh-ha इम (:-ina भ्व Dh-la श्च :-(lhn भ्न bh-ha ष्क sh-ka म्र 110-12 एक sh-k-ra ष्ट sh-ta म्ल ma gh-1-12 म्व m-12 Eshtra म्म m-ma. ष्टच sh-t-yal 8 sh-tha ल्क ]-ka ष्ठच sh-th-ya ल्ग ]-ga T sh-pa ल्य -ya ष्ण sh-ma ल्प ]-pa 6H sli-una ह्र hua ह्म -ma है 1-12 ह्य hya है hm ह 1-1a है 1-la व -ta ·1 1 FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. LESSON I. VERBS. Parasmaipada. - Present Tense. SINGULAR NUMBER. Terminations, 1st Pers. FF, 2nd Pers. F#, 3rd Pers. fer. Roots of the First Conjugation. TA (ITEZ] to बुध (बोध) to | रक्ष to protect. go know or un ale to speak (721) to lead derstand dą to dwell or carry (7) to lw, (FTI) to move 1 पत् to fall become There are two sets of conjugitional communis in Sanskiit, Parasmaipala and Atmanepada Soine roots take en clusively the former and some the latter ; while there we others which take either + The substitutes and other changes which one roots une clergo before the conjugational sign we shown within rectangular brackets The final vowel and the penultimate short of roots take their grote mabistiinte before the st of the first conjugation The guerre of or is T, of J or in BTT, of EF 12 19 577 and of ल is अल्. Thus it becomes ã, to włuch 37 is to be juine, and then he termination Ft. Iu Sauskuit, two vonels cannot together without colekcing, anul the lule to be olwerved in the mesent else is, thut the preceding T, ETT, , and shi, become 372, 371, Tr, and STTT, lespetively, and then the following vowel ay aldled on to their, at + 3t = नय् +3 नय And with ति, नयति. Sunilarly, भू +अ-भो+अभव+ * and with fa, stafa. The forns which roots assunio in consequence of such vowel changus irc cuclusvd within circular brackets. Come ·FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. 5 Roots of the Second Conjugation-अस् to be, अद् to eat. at is added on to the roots of the first conjugation, before the terininations. In the second conjugation, the terminations are applied directly. Before the terminations of the first person beginning with Ħ and the procedmg sy is lengthened. वदामि ।। सरसि। गच्छति।। बोधामि। रक्षसि.. नयामि। अदिद। भवति। पतति । वससि। अत्ति। नयति । अस्ति । पच to cook 1st Conjugation. चर् to go, to walk दह to hurn जीव to live नम् to bow to, to त्य to abandon salute (Thou) speakest. | (He) knows. (He) abandons. (He) speaks. (Thou) leadlest. / (Thou) bowest. (Thou) goest. (He) moves. (1) cook. (I) go. (1) become. (Thou) burnest. (He) dwells. (Thou) eatest. (I) protect. (I) dwell. (I) am. (He) walks. (Thou) fallest. (Thou) art. 1 (I) live. As the second conjugation is very difficult, only two 100ts are given in this book. It is fully treated in the Second Bouk. Before haril consonants, the preceding consonants, except pasalo, substitute the first (i e lard unaspirate) letter of their class; as ककुभ् + प्रान्त = ककुष्प्रान्त, and इशद् + मतति- देशस्पतति. +भुस् loses its final before सि. - ·6 FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. LESSON II. PLURAL TERMINATIONS, 1st Pers. मस, 2nd Pers. थ, 3rd Pers.*अन्ति. 4th Conjugation. 6th Conjugation. नश to perish इष [इच्छ्] to wish नृतं to dance प्रच्छ् [पृच्छ] to ask पुष to nourish मुच् [मुञ्च] to leare or release मुह to her silly, lose sense, विश् to enter to faint सृज् to abandon or create लभ to coret स्पृश् to touch In the fourth conjugation य, and in the sixth अ,are added on to the roots before the terminations. † The st of the root st# is dropped before the plural and dual terminations. वदामः। अदन्ति । नृत्यथ । दहामः। मुह्यामः । लुभ्यन्ति । नयामः। जीवथ । स्पृशामः। भवथ। सृजथ। पुष्यामः। इच्छन्ति । पृच्छथ। मुञ्चामः। * The precedmg 37 is dipped before a termination with an initial ST. † In these conjugations the vowels do not take their guna substitute as in the first. # At the end of words whether followed by any letter or not and followed by a hard consonaut or by nothing are changed to a visarga. गच्छन्ति । बोधथ । सन्ति । नमन्ति । वसन्ति । स्था नश्यन्ति । विशति । है ·FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. 7 1st Coni. 4th Com). 6th Conj. जि (जय) to conquer अस to throw Favy to throw T (959) to see कुस् to embrace तुद् to inflict धाव to run Tyto be pleased pain पा [पिब] to drink or satisfied | Fast to show Ft to worship लुट to wallow | सिच् [सिञ्च । This to bear, blow, How Tq to diy to spumble FE (F#T) to remember! z (at) to take away (You) prak. (You) live, (We) drink (They) 110mish. You) worshup (They, know. (We) perish. (They) bear, (You) lead. (They) dance. (We) remember. (They) become. (You) are silly. (You) throw. (Wo) dwell. (W) covet (They) embrace. (You) eat. (They) touch, (WV) are Satis (We) are. (Wo) conquer. fied. (They) burn. (You) take away (They)dry. (We) live (They) see. (You) wallow. (They)mthct pam. (We, thiow |(You) sprinkle. (W) go. LESSON TIT. DU'AL TERMINATIONS. 1st P'ers. T, 2nd Pene. 97, 3rd Pers. ETR. Roots of the Tenth Conjugation. गण् to count घुष् (घोष) to proclaim Roots of the tenth conjugation are, as a general rule, both Parasnaipadi and Átmauepadı. Tu to tell ·8 FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. स्पृह to desire चिन्म to contemplate पीर् to give pain|प्रथ to publish शुरू * (चोर) to steal to प्री[प्रीण] to please रच् to arrange Roots of the tenth conjugation take gre before the termimations. चोरयावः। घोषयथः । नमथः। पोडयथः। स्पृहयावः। स्तः। कथयतः। चिन्तयतः। स्मरात्रः । गणयावः। प्रीणयथः। जयथः। प्रथयावः। गच्छतः। नश्यतः। रचयतः। नयावः। नृत्यावः । विशतः। इच्छतः। अट् Famil स्फर to throb 1st Conj. 4th Conj. 6th Conj. Sto wander, | कुप् to be angry उञ्छ to glean शुभ् to be agitated कृष to plough चल् to go, more fuq to enı brace जल्प to prattle निन्द् to censure शंस to praise or tell|| * Before 37 the final vowels and the penultimate 37 (except in some cases, as कथ, गण, रच, प्रथ्, &c.) take their arriddhi substitute , the riddhi of 7 is 3TT, of or is , of Jor Fis औ, of a or a in आर्, and of is आल्. The penultimate short vowel, except in some cases, as FTP, FT&c. takes its guna sulietitute. Thus, चिbecomes चै, wluch with अय is चायय, and with ति, चाययति; तड् + अय = ताड् +अय%ताडय, and with ति, ताडयति; घुष् + अय =घोप् + भय = घोषय, sund with ति, घोषयति.

·FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. 9 10th Conj. qay to adore, aof to extol or describe, fires to appease. ·, ) become (You two) steal. (You two) are (You two) speak. (They, give pain. angry. (They ., (We „) tell. (They „,) plough. (You , ) cook. (You ,,) count. (We , ) adore. (We , ) under- (They,,) see. (You ,, ) ranıble. stand. (We ,) arrange. (They ,, ) are agi-(They,: ) eat. (You ,,) desire. tated. We ) are (They,,)proclaim. (We „ ) glean. satisfied. (We ,) contem- |(They,, ) extol. (You ,, ) covet. plate. (We,,) embrace. (They,, ) wallow. (You „) publish. (You , ) prate. (We ,,) touch. (They,) please. (They,, ) appease. (You ,,) ask. (We, ) censure. We ,, ) praise. LESSON IV. PRESENT TENSE GENERALLI. 1st Conj. 4th Conj. क्षि (क्षर) to waste away HO[arc] to be mad, to err I (TT) to water, to be wet ata[arc]to be calm or रुह (रोह) to grow tranquil FUT(Fag) to stand x []to be wcary (67) to call 10th Conj. MAR (TCI) to wash off तल (वोल्) to weigh its (arb) to beat en to adorn ·10 FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. मुह्यति । मुश्चथ। बोधामः। रक्षति । पतामि। नयन्ति । सन्ति । नश्यसि । वदसि । ताडयसि हरतः। वसथ। इच्छामि। रोहन्ति । जयसि। पूजयन्ति पिबन्ति । स्पृशति । तिटामि। पश्यावः। स्मरथ। स्पृहयथ। यति । वहतः। क्षालयति। पीडयन्ति । अत्थः । सिञ्चसि। क्षयतः। यजामः । लुट्यन्ति । अद्मि। श्राम्यामि। तुष्यामि। जीवामः। घोषयथ । नृत्यति । अस्यथः। त्यजथ। गणयति । विशामः। कथयामि पचन्ति । कृषामः। पृच्छथः। पष्यामि। द्रवन्ति । चिन्तयति। (He) nourishes. (Thou) art weary (We) take. (1) dancc. (1) wish. (You) tell. (You) covet. (Ve two) drink. (Thou) touchest. (He) enters. (You) burn (They) desire. (Thou) wishest. (They) wash off. (You’ two) go. (1)adore. (It)wastes away. |(He) steals. (Thou)givest pain (Thou) tellest, (We two)are. (He) weighs. (Thou) pleasest, (We) call. (They)steal. (I) enter. (He) is silly (You) arrangha. They) beat. (They)are satisfied (He) proclaims. (We two ) ccok. |(1) remember. You) adore. (They twn)dwell. शंसथ । (It) grows. (I) conquer. (You) go.

·11 FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. GENERAL RESULTS AND EXAMINATION. 1st Conjugation Du. 1st pers. Siny. बोधामि बोधसि बोधति बोधाव: बोधथः बोधतः Pl. बोधामः बोधथ बोधन्ति 2nd pers. 3rd pers. 1th Conjugation. Sing. Du. Pl. 1st pers. पुष्यामि 2nd pers. पुष्यसि पुष्यति पुष्यावः पुष्यथ: पुष्यतः पुष्यामः पुष्यथ पुष्यन्ति 3rd pers. 6th Conjugalion. Du. Pl. Siny. विशामि 2nd विशसि pers. विशति 1st pers. विशावः विशथः विशतः विशामः विशथ विशन्ति 3rd pers. 1st pers. 10th Conjugation. चोरयामि चोरयावः चारयसि चोरयथः चोरयति चोरयतः चोरयामः चोरयथ चोरयन्ति 2nd pers. 3rd pers.

·12 FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. 1. What are the Gutturals, 1 Palatals, c Linguals, i Dentals, e Labials, f Semi-vowels, 9 Soft consonants, h Hard consonants ? 2. Give the Guna and Vriddhi of 19 >> (1) 3 (c) (८) ल 3. What are the characteristics of the (a) First conjugation, (1) Fourth (c) Sixth (11) Tenth (C) Second 4. Repeat the terminations of the Present Tense. 5. What change does the preceding 37 undergo before the & and of the 1st person? 6. To what syliables are , st, T, and sit, changed when followed by a vowel ? Give instances. 7. Explain the change a consor.ant undergoes when followed by a hard consonànt. Give instances. 8 What are final and changed to ? Under what circumstances does the latter undergo the change? 03 1 ·FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. 13 effet 9. Give the forms of the Present Tense of-[As inany roots as are necessary to impress the forms thoroughly on the pupil's memory should be put under this question by the Teacher. ] Prepositions (ITF) when prefixed to verbs modify the original sense of the roots. The following are the principal of these spfar beyond , farrufat goes over or beyond, transgresses. over, above, upon , 37 Festefa goes over or on, 2. e, knows or gets. अनु after, like, अनुसरति, अनुगच्छति goes after, follows. syft to, unto, near to, 37freyfa goes to, or near to. 377 down, off, from , starfa goes down, descends. bounding or limiting, reversing to, as far as; भा Suriyegla comes , cefa grows to, ascends. up, above, superior ; 3697fa falls up, jumps; उद् 36 Eyfa goes up, lises. 39 near, less, next to , 397763fa approaches. FF in, down , Frontera sits down. TTT opposite, or opposed to , TTTFTTT defeats. qfa reverted, again, afarga speaks in return, replies. 7 foith, before ; Tatra goes forth. Fa privation, apart, away , faficufat separates e being conjoined with , tega becomes united, unites. * H at the end of a wood or particle, followed by a consonant in general, as changed to an unusvåra optionally, and necessarily when it is followed by T, C, F, 5, and . When it is Hot changed to an anusvara it 18 changed to the nasal of the class to which the following letter belongs and to a nasal , T, pay when swallowed by ,, respectively.

·11 FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. LESSON V. NOMINATIVE CASE, 1. Nouns ending in अ. Terminations. Singular Dual Plural औ नृपाः। Masculine स अस् Neuter म आनि नृपः नपो फल फलानि SUBSTANTIVES. (Masculine. ) राम name of a person ईश्वर God वृक्ष a tree कूर्म a tortoise पुत्र a son समुद्र Sea. जन people, man बाल a child sity life, an बुध a wise man हस्त the hand animal मूर्ख a fool नर a man HET a cloud अश्व a horse नृप a king पवन wind सूद a cook * If ए, ऐ, ओ, or औ follow अ or आ, the vowel which takes the place of both is t in the first two cases, and it in the last two 3 + When any vowel, short or long, except the last four, is followed by the same vowel, short or long, the substitute for both is the same vowel lengthened; दैत्य + अरि दैत्यारि; कवि +ईश = कवीश; &c Note * p. 6 is not applicable in the case of the forms of the Nom, and Acc. If 37 or STT is followed ly 5, 3, #, or 7, short or long, the corresponding guna letter is substituted for both.

·FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. 15 (Neuter. ) कमल a lotus|दुःख misery |पर्ण a leaf गृह a house धन wealth फल a fruit मुख happiness जल water नेत्र the cye मित्र a fiiend हृदय heart मुख mouth SSENTENCES. नृपो जयति। सुखं प्रोणयति । कूर्मः सरति । अश्वावुत्पततः.। जीवो मुह्यति । फले पततः। जनाविदन्ति। हस्तौ हरतः। धनं नश्यति । बालः स्पृहयति । मुखानि द्रवन्ति। नरा गच्छन्ति । गृहाणि॥ रक्षन्ति । दुःखं पीडयति । कमले नृत्यतः । नेत्रे पश्यतः । रामः पूजयति । मित्राणि कथयन्ति। मेघः सिञ्चति । पुत्रौ तुष्यतः। बुधौ मुञ्चतः। जलं शुष्यति । * When visai ga is preceded by 37 and followed by 37 or a soft consonant, it is changed to उ, which, with the preceding 37, becomes SiT ( see the list note, j + See note I, page Visarga peceded by TT and followel by a vowel or a soft consonant is dropped It is also dropped when preceded by ST and followed by any vowel except अ. The two vowe:- brought together by the dropping of visarga do not coalesce, e y., नरा इमे for नराः इमे; बुध इच्छति for बुधः इच्छति. ॥ न coming after , spr in the same word is changed to ". This change takes place even if a vowel, ahemi-vowel (excéptel), the aspirate, or a letter of the guttural or labial class, comes between , sort and I This change does not take place when - ends a word, as नरान् s See yote, page 13 14) ·16 FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. Kings protect. (The two) seas are agitated. (Two) children wallow. (A) wise man is calm. (A) son pleases. Fools prate. Horses gallop. (A) friend asks. Winds bear. Leaves fall. God creates. (The) heart is satisfied. Cooks cook. Trees grow. 2. Nouns ending in Terminations. § Singular Dual Plural Masculinc स (none) STET In the dual the vowel z is lengthened, and before Ta of the plural, it takes the guna substitute. हरिः (हरे+अस) हरयः Neuter (none) Before the terminations beginning with vowels I is added on to nouns in g of the neuter gender, ris lengthened before the nominative and accusative plural termination. aft atfruit वारीणि SUBSTANTIVES. Masculine. अनि fire ऋषि a sage नृपति a king ppt an enemy airê a monkey lara Indra's tliun- असि a sword कवि a poet derbolt उदधि ocean गिरि a mountain पाणि the hand धूर्जवि the godsual ·FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. 17 of an ascetic व्याधि sickness or dis- हरि the name of a man, or the god Indra easo. न not (indeclinable)*. वारि n. water. SENTENCES. । उदधिः क्षुभ्यति । नृपति । र्यजति । वारि नास्ति । कपयः क्षिपन्ति । वारीणि शुष्यन्ति । गिरिर्वहति । ऋषी चिन्तयतः । अग्निर्दहति । अरिः पीडयति । कवयः शंसन्ति । न्ति। पविः पतति । व्याधयो नश्य- पाणी हरतः। + Siva protects. || Sages are tranquil. Monkeys run. (A) poet describes. Kings lead. Ascetics do not desire. (The) sword falls. (The two)enemies conquer'. Hari becomes angry. (The) hand sprinkles. Words which do not take case-terminations, i e., are not inflected, are indeclinable. tor visarga preceded by any vowel except 37 or HT, anul followed by a vowel or sofa consonant, is changed tu i followed by T is dropped, and the preceding vowel, if short, is inade long. Visarga followed by T, T, 01 F, is either retained or changed to T, C, or FC, respectively.

·18 FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. LESSON VI. ACCUSATIVE CASE. 1. Nouns ending in 57. Terminations Masc. म Singular Dual Plural 370 STIT बुधम बुधौ बधान Neuter-same as the nominative. The accusative forms of neuter nouns are always the same as those of the nommative. SUBSTANTII ES. Jascular IT a buden जनक father ओदन cooked rice पुरुष : man EET a tiger rañar a servant 957 a wise man Te a logue कांश a treasure बिडाल a cat TT an arrow गज an elephant सिंह a lion ग्राम a village मोक्ष absolution सूर्य the sun योध a warrior स्तेन a thief f the body i Veda ( Hindu Ftv Heaven sacred scriptures) Nutor. अरण्य a forest नगर a town ato reality, truth fare poison तृण grass सुवर्ण gold धान्य corn मांस flesh Roots :-- 10th Conj. दण्ड to punish, भष to eat, मार्ग to seeks. पाद the foot वस्त्र cloth पाप sin पुस्तक a book ·FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. 19 SENTENCES. ईश्वरं जनः पूजयति । कविर्बुधौ शंसति । नृपः शान् दण्डयति। पत्रो जनकं सान्त्वयनि । रामो ऽश्वमारोहति । पुस्तकं मार्गयामि। व्यावो मांसमत्ति। सुवर्ण तोलयामः। हरिहस्तौ क्षालयति। ग्रामानटावः । योधः शरान् क्षिपति। फले भक्षयामि। धनं लुभ्यति । कमलानि पश्यति । स्तेनो धान्यं चोरयति । भारं वहति किंकरः। नगरी गच्छामि। प्रज्ञान वर्णयन्ति जनाः। पापं वदसि । वस्त्रे त्यजति मूर्खः । स्मरसि मित्राणि। तृणान्यत्त्यश्वः। बुधो मोक्षमिच्छति । यतिदेहं मुञ्चति। ध्याधयो नरान् पोडयन्ति। बिडाला स्ताडयति पुरुषः । जलं पिबथ। गृहं प्रविशामः। 5 * When Çor 3 at the end of a word or grammatical form is followed by अ. the latter menges into the former ; the it is neither pronounced nor written In its place the maik S is generally put. † Verbs implying motion govern the accusative, and some times the dative, of the place to which the motion is directed. * IVhen इ, उ, ऋ, and ल, short or long, ure followed by a dissimilar vowel, य, व, and लू, le respectively substituted for then. || A fingl न, when followed by च, छ्, त, थ, and इ, उ, is changed to an anusvåra and visaiga. Visarga followed by and is changed to FT; by and Y to , and by and इ। हरिश्चरति, for हरिः चैरति, रामस्तरात, रामष्टीकते.

·20 FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. C Râma sees tigers. They wash (their) fert, Horses bear (the) treasure. (Two) fools drink poison. (A) wise man ascends to Kings punish thieves. Heaven. (Th-y) arrange (the) books, Lions devour elephants. (You) eat cooked rice. (He) counts (the) fruits. (His) friends remember (Th) ascetic goes to (a) Râma. forest. People praise (their)kings (The) warrior discharges Wise men dead people. (two) arrows. (1) understand (the) truth. God protects men. (The) Vedas praise (the) (We) enter (two) villages. (A)son pleases (his)father. SW 2. Nouns endmg in . Terminatious. Singular Dual Plural Masc. म (none] न् The ending s is lengthened in the dual and before the 7 of the plural. हरिम हरीन SUBSTANTIVES. (111asculine.) अलि a bee मणि a lewel विधि fate Farifi a loar Tre the sun antre rice of various afas an oblation(food) rat a heap kinds (a grain of) fra 4 beggar वायस a crow साराये a charior aer it with 37r 1st Conj., to bring.

·FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. 21 SENTLSCES. वायसो बलिं भक्षयति । नृपतिररी* जयति । हार पीडयति व्याधिः । मेघो वारि सिञ्चति । कमलमलीन प्रीशायति । रामो रविं नमति। पाणी प्रक्षालयामः। उदधिं गच्छावः। ऋषी नमामः। व्याघ्रः किरीनत्ति। सारथीनालयामः। ईश्वरो विधि जयति । राशिं नयतः। घोहीनुञ्चति भिक्षुकः। गिरी। आरोहन्ति । Poits praise sages (Rishi). (-1) war or throws a swoud. Rama salutes poets (1) desnie jewels. (111) ascetic yous to the (Hee) lambles over seas. mountam. (The) man enters fire (1) strike (two) monkeys. (Pyre). Hari brings heaps. (He asks (two) charioteers. When ou « consonant of the lental clans is compounded with T or a consonant of the pralntal class, a letter of the latter class is substituted for the former, and in this order, Jus fo1 स्, चात, ज् for , &c The sune happens when dentals die wmbinex with Imguale, being substituted for for त, 3 for थ, &c † There are a few cases in which two vowels, though coming together, do not coalesce The rule applicable in the present casu is that when the dual ot a noun vi a tulb ends in 6,5 or Te tucse vowels do not cuiubiue with another following them, ·FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. LESSON VIl. INSTRUMENTAL CASE. Nouns ending in अ and इ. Terminations. Singular Dual Plural इन भ्याम् ऐस Mast. भिस् The preceding sy is lengthened before 2014 Singular Dual Plural दण्डेन दण्डाभ्याम् मृण्डैः मणिना मणिभ्याम् मणिभिः Nouns ending in 37 are in all except the Neuter first two cases declined exactly like the corresponding masculine आ भ्याम् वारिणा वारिभ्याम् वारिभिः SUBSTANTIVES. (lasculine.) अलंकार an orma-नद a river ment नाविक a sailor राषण King of इन्द्र god of thunder पत्ति a foot-soldier| Laiikt or Cry- उपहार a present बाण an arrow lon, the great AT Brahmana 4 enemy of Râma कौशिक des-मन्त्र a Vedic verseविधि sacred precendant of कुश यजमान a stucrificer cept शोक a furse भिस् रथ chariot कर hand a यत्न effort खज्ज lame दण्ड a stick * See the rules, p. 16 and uote il, 1), 15.

·FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. 23 Neuter, अन्न food पुण्य merit चक्र a wheel शरीर the hody अर्घ्य materials of नख a nail TET a science worship शीर्ष the head खनित्र a sparle यन्त्र a machine| मुक्त Velic hymn otra family or racel Teata Jewel खन to dig सह with (in- गम irith Roots,1st Conj. अव, to know declinable) चल् to more ह (सार) 10th e rrith , to strike Conj. to tear SSENTENCES. न्ति। पुरुषःस्तेनं दण्डन ताडयति। कवयः लोकैर्नृपं वर्णयन्ति। शरीरमलंकारैर्भूषयति । बुधाः सुखेन जीवन्ति । नाविकानदेन समुद्रं प्रविश- नेत्राभ्यां पश्यति जनः । वारिणा हस्तौ क्षालयति । योधी बाणैररि जयति । पाणिभ्यां स्पृशति शीर्षम् । सिंहो नखैर्गजान दारयति । *पुत्रैःसह मामं गच्छति हरिः अग्निना गृहं दहति । चक्राभ्यां चलति रथः । बुधःशास्त्रैःस्तत्त्वमवगच्छ- खनित्रण खनति ) रामोऽर्येण ऋषिं पूजयति। पत्तिभिर्गच्छति योधः । पादन खञ्जः। ति। सह gove governs the institmental † FE after any vowel except the last four in opitionally aut corabined, and the preceding vowel if long is made sluit. See rule in the latter part of lute ll, page 19 ·24 FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. पादाभ्यां धावन्ति बालाः । रामः कपिभिर्जयति रावणम्। पुण्येन हरिं पश्यति । गोत्रेण कौशिकोऽस्मि । Râma adorns his) body with jewels. Man speaks with ( his) mouth. Men nourish ( their ) bodies with food. (They) bear loads hoy (their ) heads. Hari pleases ( the ) sage with efforts. Kinys are pleased with presents. Chariots move loy ( means of ) machines. (The) Brahmanas invoke (a) god with (two) hymns. (He)worships God by(according to the)sacred precept. (Ile) praises Rama lry (two) verses. (The) man strikes ( lis ) enemy with (a) sword. Rama yotis with ( the ),charioteer. LESSON TIII. Dat. य Abl. आत in अ DATIVE AND ABLATIVE CASES. Terininations. Sinywlar Dual plural Nouns भ्याम् भ्यस ending भ्याम् भ्यस Neuter,-Same as the masculine. Before 2 and +3714 the preceding, sy is lengthened, and before भ्यस beconues ए. रामाय रामाभ्याम् रामेभ्यः रामात रामाभ्याम रामेभ्यः Nouns ( Masc. f Dal. ए भ्याम् भ्यस् ending and भ्याम् भ्यस in sº Neut. Abl. oral ·FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. 25 a man Dat. हरे* + ए = हरये हरिभ्याम् हरिभ्यः Abl. हरे+अस् =हरे हरिभ्याम् हरिभ्यः Dat. वारिणे वारिभ्याम् वारिभ्यः Abl. वारिणः वारिभ्याम् वारिभ्यः SUBSTANTIVES. Masculine. अतिथि a guestiद्वीप an island, con- वराह a hog starfar name of tinent विनय modesty निष्कagolden coin शिखरtop, summit आचार्य precep- पर्वत a mountain शिष्य pupil 979 a sinner, sinful arf a caravan, a कलि a strife, a प्रासाद a palace crowd quarrel भृत्य a servant सेनापति general, कृष्ण name of a माष a kind ofpulse commander of person मोदक sweetmeat याचकa mendicant सैनिक a soldier क्रोश two miles | लोक people, world fans sesamum विध killing Neuter आकाश sky योजन eight miles आसन a seat तारक a star वन a forest, wood उद्यान a garden पल्वल small to a hundred कल्याणwelfare, pond, a puddle Fierite one's duty good भोजन dinner tor, tutor an army क्रोध anger कुसुम a flower a The ending I'or 3 of masculine nouns takes its guna substitute before the terminations of the Dative, Ablative and Genitive singular. + The t of अस् is dropped after the preceding ए or भो. 2 ·26 FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. Roors. up, rise 1st Conjugation. गम with अधि, to obtain |भू with उद् to be produced, दा [यच्छ्] to give ; with to result qfa, to exchange स्था [तिष्ठ] witle उद्, to get भज् to worship feet urith 59, 6th conj., to teach, adı ise धू 10th conj. to hold, to wear, to owe Indeclinables. नमस। bow! |विना without | स्वस्ति hail ! SENTENCES. हरिाह्मणेभ्यो निष्कान् य-हरये नृपतिः । कुप्यति । मोदकेभ्यो बालः स्पृहयति। मनुष्यो प्रामाय गच्छति । नगरादा $ गच्छति । कल्याणाय हरि भजति। अश्वात्पतति । फलेभ्यो गच्छामि। अतिथिभ्योऽनं यच्छति । च्छति । * ¥ in this sense governs the dative of the person to whom something is owing. 77: and FTFEST govern a dative, and fear an accusative instrumental, or ablative. + Verbs implying anger, malice, rivalry, and jealousy (inc., having the senses of Qध, द्रुहू, ईर्ष्या, and असूया) govern the dative of the person or thing against whom or which the fecung is directed. Fu also governs the dative of the object of wish. $ The preceding consonant (except a nasal) takes the third consonant of its class as its substitute when compounded witu a soft consonant or the initial vowel of a word.

·FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. 27 तिलेभ्यः प्रतियच्छति मा- दीपाट्वीपमति सार्थः । षान् । [चार्याः। भृत्य क्रोधाद्रामस्ताडयति । आसनेभ्य उत्तिष्ठन्त्या- नगरं वनायोजनम् । वधाविनारिन शाम्यति । नमो देवेभ्यः। खेर्लोकः सुखमधिगच्छति। स्वस्ति हरये। [न्ति । प्रासादा*जनं पश्यति नृपः। पल्वलेभ्यो वराहा उत्तिष्ठ- शिष्याय शास्त्रमुपदिशति । विनयः सुखाय भवति । कलिभ्यो दुःखान्युद्भवन्ति । निष्कान् धारयति रामाय शिखरात्पतन्ति गजाः । । हरिः। Râma goes home for dinner. Fruits fall from trees. (I) give money to mendicants. llari owes (a) hundred to As'vapati. (A) wise man worships God for absolution. ('The) general leadst (his) soldiers from village to village. Brahmanas obtain wealth from kings. (The) mountain is two coss from (the) sca, Hari goes to (the) garden for flowers. Misery results from sin, (The ) gods throw sinners from Heaven. Rama errs fronı (his) duties. (He) brings rice from (two) heaps. page 21. See rule in note + There are some roots that govern two accusatives; नी, प्रच्छ, and याच are instances. Phe synonyms of these also govermatwo.

·28 FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. Stars fall from (the) ixy. Hail to (the) poets ! LESSON IX. GENITIVE, LOCATIVE, AND VOCATIVE CASES. Terminations. Singular Dual Plural Nouns ending ओस् नाम ओस in अ Neuter-same as the masculine. The preceding short vowel becomes long before 774. The final अ becomes ए before ओस and षु. Nouns ओस् नाम् ending Loc. औ Masculine Gen. FST Loc. ३ asculine Gen. अस ओस ins The preceding s is dropped before औ. The vocative singular of nouns ending in sy is the same as the crude, and that of nouns ending in g is formed by simply changing the g to t. The dual and plural of the vocative are in all cases the same as the corresponding nominative. Gen. रामस्य रामयो. रामाणाम् Loc. रामे रामयोः रामेष Voc. रामो रामाः Gen. हयों हरीणाम Loc. हयोः हरिषु Voc. हरयः हरी See note t page 25.

·FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. 29 Nouns Gen. अस् ending ओस नाम् Loc. ओस ins The vocative singular is वारे or वारि. Gen. वारिणः वारिणोः वारीणाम् Loc. वारिणि वारिणोः वारिषु SUBSTANTIYES. Masculine. अगद medicine| धनपति god of | यक्ष servant of fyrfa master wealth, Kubera Kubera आचार conduct धनिक a rich man वर्ण caste, colour कासार a lake |धर्म duty, virtue वीर a warrior खड़ a sword farfe store ग्रीष्म summer पराक्रम exploit श्वापद a beast of चन्द्र the moon | पालक protector prey दीप lamp प्रकाश light सुमन्त्र Rama's प्रसाद favour, gracel charioteer वृष a bullock Neuter. घृत ghee ing life यूथ a herd प्रमाण evidence, वचन saying चरित the nan authority सौन्दर्य beauty ner of lead- युद्ध battle हh mansion हिम snow चित्त mind (लांबूल tail ADJECTIVES. आहादक de| चण्ड hot, fierce | प्रशस्य praiseworthy lighting गर्दा censurable| प्रथम irst श्रेष्ठ best, superior Along लवण salt ·30 FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. विश् with उप to sit. hind. where ? Note.-Adjectives agree with the substantives they qualify in number, gender, and casc. SENTENCES. नराणां पालको नृपः। हरेः पुस्तकं क्वास्ति। समुद्रस्य जलं लवणम् । नगरे जना वसन्ति । देवस्य प्रसादेन जीवामि। | रामस्य पुत्रा ग्रामं गच्छन्ति । शास्त्राणां तत्त्वं प्रज्ञो बोधति। वनेषु श्वापदाः सन्ति वीरयोयुद्धं भवति । आचार्याः शिष्याणां धर्म वारीणां निधिरुदधिः। कथयन्ति । आसनेषूपविशन्ति। मनुष्याणामगदेन व्याधयो गिरेः शिखरादृषः पतति। नश्यन्ति। कासारे कमलान्युद्भवन्ति । रामस्य सारथिः सुमन्त्रो वनं गजानां यथं चरति। रथं नयति । ग्रीष्मे सूर्यस्य प्रकाशश्च- चन्द्रस्य प्रकाशो जनानामा- ण्डोभवति। हादको भवति। वर्णानां ब्राह्मणः श्रेष्ठः। गिरिषु वसन्ति सिंहाः। ऋषीणां वचनं प्रमाणम्। अरीणां सैनिकान् नृपति- शानां चरितं गद्यम् । जयति । कवयो लोकेषु वीराणां प- योधस्य पाणी खड्गोऽस्ति । राक्रमान् प्रथयन्ति । | धूर्जटौ यतीनां चित्तमस्ति । (The)conduct of (the two) sons of Hari is praiseworthy. (There) are lamps in (the)houses. (The) yakshas are (the) servants of (the) god of wealth. * See note t page 27.

·FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. 31 (The) tails of monkeys are long. Among poets, Kalidasa is (the) first. (The) man's servant goes to (a) village. Kings reside in palaces. Rich men dwell in mansions. Rama is (the) best of men. (The) water of (the) lakes is salt. (There) is snow en (the) tops of (the) mountains. (A) thief steals (the ) wealth of (a) Brahmana. (I) am pleased at (the) beauty of (the) gardens. (He) brings (a) leaf of (the) trce. (I) throw ghee into (the) fire. GENERAL RESULTS AND EXAMINATION. नृपm. Sing. Du. Pl. Nom. Acc. Instr. Dat. Abl. Gen. Loc. Voc नृपः नृपम् नृपेण नृपाय नृपात् तपस्य नृपे नृपौ नृपो नृपाभ्याम् नृपाभ्याम् नृपाभ्याम् नृपयोः नृपयोः नृपौ नृपाः नृपान् नृपैः नृपेभ्यः नृपेभ्यः नृपाणाम नृपेषु नृपाः नृप कलि m. Rom. Acc. कलिः कलिम् कली कली कलयः कलीन ·32 FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. Sing. Du. Pl. Instr. Dat. Abl. Gen. Loc. Voc. कलिना कलये कले कलेः कलौ कले कलिभ्याम कलिभ्याम् कलिभ्याम् कल्योः कल्यो कली कलिभिः कलिभ्यः कलिभ्यः कलीनाम कलिषु कलयः वन 2. वनम् वनम् बनेन Nom. Acc. Instr. Dat. Abl. Gen. Loc. Voc. वनाय वनात वनस्य वने घने वने वनाभ्याम् वनाभ्याम् वनाभ्याम् वनयोः वनयोः वने वनानि वनानि वनैः बनेभ्यः बनेभ्यः वनानाम् वनेषु वनानि वन सुरभि adj. m.f.n. 22. Nom. Acc. Instr. सुरभि सरभि सुरभिणा सुराभणे सरभिणः सुरभिणी सुरभीणि सुरभिणी सुरभीणि सुराभेश्याम सुरभिभि सुरभिभ्याम् सुरभिभ्यः सुरभिभ्याम् सुरभिभ्यः सरभिणोः Dat. ADI. . Gen. सुरभी गाम ·FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. 33 e. Sing. Du. Pl. Loc. Utforfor सुरभिणोः सुरभिषु Voc. utra och erfaroft सुरभीणि 1. State and explain the rules of Sandhi of the following letters with instances :- Q. Similar vowels except the last four. b. W or yr followed by<, 3, #, or short or long. भ or आ followed by ए, ऐ, ओ, or औ. d. ,J, #, or a short or long, followed by any dissimilar vowel. p or it followed by 3. f. The ending & 5, or of dual nouns followed by a vowel, and after any vowel cxcept the last four. 5. Hat the end of a word. h. स and the dentals with and the palatals. j. and the dentals with and the linguals. k. Any consonant of the five classes, except a nasal, followed by a soft consonant, or the initial vowel of a word. 1. followed by : When is 'z changed to q? 3. Under what circumstances is Visarga changed to sit, , or H, 1, and, and when is it dropped.? t. When is final a changed to an anusvåra and visarga .

·34 FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. 5. What cases do the following verbs and particles govern : a. Verbs implying motion. b. Verbs implying anger, malice, rivalry, and jealousy. C. in the sense of to owe, and eye. d. सह, नमः, स्वस्ति, and विना. 6. Mention any roots governing two accusatives. 7. Decline the noun--[Put in as many as may be necessary, of the masculine and neuter genders, ending in 37 or :) manner (re- STT even lative ) Some of the more important indeclinables. अव्ययानि. 2777: hence gg: whence? यथा in which 277 here or where? अद्य to-day *** and lative) 97 YTT now चिरम् long (time) या when (re- ततः thence इति so, thus तत्र there वा* or इत्यम् in this man- तथा in than man- वृथा in vain To like, as [ner are then Luer 2 to-morrow एव only पुनर् again are always पुरा formerly सवत्र every perqin what man- 27: whence (reba: ug well [where at when ? (ner? tive) E tive)! fara but 79 where (rela. TF yesterday * * or at is used after each of the parts of speech joined to gether, or once only, that is, after them all; few diferent or हरिगोविन्दच जल्पतः 83 एवम् thus ·FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. 35 LESSON X ÂTMANEPADA TERMINATIONS. 1. SINGULAR. 1st pers. 2nd pers. 3rd pers. कम्प् to shake come, to behove से ते वन्दे बन्दसे वन्दते Roots. *1st Conj. far to sce(with379,1T to sport, to 7% to suspect to expect;withg, be diverted listen to learn. to see; and with रुच् (रोच् ) to शुभ् (शोभ् ) to be qft, to examine) please, to be splendid, to be. liked FIT-T withy toshine # to get शंसwithआ to hope भाष to speak ar to salute na to panegy- मुद् (मोद्) to rejoice वृध् (वर्ध) to in rize, to praise, to extol TH with 34T to be ag to tremble, ag to endure gin, to be engaged to quake सेव to serve Ath Conj. 777 (FTT] to be produced, to get [ro] to die result विद् [विन्द्] to obtain হয় to fight The conjugational peculiarities formerly mentioned should be remembered in conjugating these roots. Roots of the 6th con). ending in Te substitute for het, which with the following 37 of the conjugational sign, become! fra; be.g. g and t_make द्रियते ॥d प्रियते. यत् to strive crease 6th Conj.

·36 FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. For your despise to disregard, मृग् to scek भय n. fear 10th Conj. [stroy to despise सूद् with नि [निषूद्] to de- SUBSTANTIVES. अध्ययन n. study न्याय m. a school of philoso- असत्य m. a lic, falsehood | पारितोषिक n. areward[phy अस्त्रn.a miraculous weapon विश्वामित्र m: name of a sage उद्यम m. exertion, industry शासन N. order कृष्ण m. name of a man सदाचार m. good conduct क्लेश m. pain, distress स्नेहm. affection, friendship दुराचार m. bad conduct FITF24 n.tranquillity, peace SENTENCES. देवं वन्दे । | हे राम सुष्टु शोभसे विनयेन। भयं शङ्कसे। ज्ञानात्सुखं जायते । भयावेपते हृदयम् । नारायणे रामस्य स्नेहोवर्धते। सूर्यः प्रकाशते । जनानां कल्याणाय नृपोयतते। व्यात्रो म्रियते। आचार्य शिष्यः सेवते। असत्यं भाषसे। विश्वामित्रादत्राणि शिक्षते हरेरुद्यम श्लाघे। रामः। पुस्तकानि मृगयसे। सदाचारेण मनुष्यः स्वास्थ्यं वीरोऽरिं निषूदयते । लभते। मोदको बालकाया रोचते। पुत्रस्य दुराचारात्सुखं नाशंसे। • The vowel does not take the guna substitute in this instance; the root is Atmanepadi only : see page 7, note 759 and other verbs having whe same sense govern the dative of the person or thing pleased or satisfied. 4 ·FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT, 37 (I) begin (the) study of (A) warrior fights with Nyaya. enemies. (Thou) endurest pain. (Thou)expectest(a) reward. Krishna sports with chil-(I) rejoice at (the) wel- (The) tree shakes. (dren. fare of friends. (Thou) servest the king. (The) rogue despises (the) (I) obtain wealth. king's orders. (He) salutes Rishis. (1) sec (a) monkey. LESSON XI. DUAL AND PLURAL. 2nd pers. 3rd pers. 1st pers. वहे Dual इथे इते Plural महे sh Stra Asin the Parasmaipada, the preceding spis lengthened before the mandą of the Atmanepada terminations. Dual वन्दावहे वन्तेये बन्देते Pleural वन्दामहे वन्द्रध्ये Roots. 1st Conj. कस्थ् to praise,f डी (डर) to fly JA (FU) to smile; to flatter भिक्ष to beg with fu, to won- क्षम to forgive याच to beg der, to be dis- TFP with sto luth) to be mayed swagger स्पन्द् to throb स्वाद् to taste # * See note . See note page 27. page 6 ·38 FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. 4th Conj. 10th Conj. रुथ wik अनु to obey | वाद् (with अभि to salute, to respect SUBSTANTIVES. of a man अपराध m. a fault | चातुर्य n. skill | मयूर m. a peacock अभ्युदय m. rise, तण्डुल m. rice क्सन्त m. spring prosperity द्रव्य n. money वातायन m. a win. आम्रm. a mango नयन n. eye dow उद्योग m. applica- नारायणm. name| विहग m. a bird tion, exertion वैयात्यm.rudeness, कपट n. fraud, निर्देश m direc- impudence deceit tion [a dance गुक m. a parrot गायक m. songster नृत्य n. dancing, संगीत n. singing गुण merit, भग: m. violaquality, virtue tion, breaking स्वीय adj. one's own m. SENTENCES. मोदकान स्वादन्ते ब्राह्मणाः। मित्राणामभ्युदथे नरामोदन्ते। धनिकंद्रव्यं याचेते भिक्षुको। मुनीनभिवादयावहे । स्त्रीयान् गुणान् कत्थेथे। मूर्खाणां वैयात्यं न सहामहे। उद्योगानं लमध्ये। वृक्षेषु कुसमानि वर्तन्ते। वृथा प्रगल्भध्ये। आचार्यस्य निर्देशमनुरुध्य- बुधा मोक्षं विन्दन्ते। ध्व। भृत्यानामपराधान् क्षमामहे । रामस्य नयने स्पन्देखें। कपट शङ्केथे ।

·FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. 39 आकाशे विहगा डयन्ते । | शासनस्य भजन क्षमन्ते कृष्णस्य चातुर्येण विस्मयन्ते नृपतयः । TTT: 1 गायकात्संगीतं शिक्षावहे । (We) get fruits in spring. (Two) children sport in (You) speak lies. (the) garden. Mountains shake. (We two ) expect good Stars shine. from Hari (You) learn to dance. (You two) forgive (the) Narayana's '(two) friends faults of (your) friends. strive for (his) welfare. (They) extol (the) merits (We two) serve (the) king. of wise men. (You two) taste mangoes. Distresses result from sin. (We) sce (a) peacock on Men die. (the) top of (the) palace. Beggars beg for rice. Parrots fly at(the) window. LESSON XII. PASSIVE AND IMPERSONAL FORMS. Theso" are made up by adding or to the root, † and then appending the Atmanepada terminations:-- There is no conjugational distinction in the case of passive forms; that is, they are formed in the same manner from all roots, sabject, however, to certain peculiarities of the roots themselves. Several roots, therefore, belonging to conjugations which, as being complicated, have not been introduced into this book, are given in the text. The student, of course, will not be able to make up their active forms. + The original roots, and not the substitutes which some roots take before the conjugational sign, as tege for T4, fate for FIT, &c ·40 FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. अ.to hear 5 to do त्यज् + य+ ते-त्यज्यते, त्यज्यसे, त्यज्ये, &c. If a root ends in which is not preceded by a conjunct consonant, ff is substituted for it before the g of the passive; as कृ becomes क्रि. The final s or 3 of a root is lengthened before य; as जि becomes जी. Roors. अर्थ with a to | दा* [दी] to give |रुद् to cry request दिश् with आ to command स्था [स्थी] to stand ज्ञा to know पा [पी] to drink | हन् to kill SUBSTANTIVES. आदेश m. command ध्वनि m. sound काष्ठ 1. wood पौर m. an inhabitant of चाप m. a bow a city, a citizen SENTENCES. निष्का ब्राह्मणेभ्यो दीयन्ते। जनैर्दश्यामहे । नृपतेरादेशः क्रियते। व्याधिभिः पीड्यध्वे । अग्निना काटं दह्यते। प्रेक्ष्यसे जनेन । शटौ पुरुषैस्ताड्येते। पुत्रैः पूज्येथे। आचार्यधर्म उपदिश्यते । धान्यस्य राशंयो नीयन्ते । भृत्यैः सेव्यसे। तत्त्वं बुध्यते प्राज्ञैः। मित्रैस्त्यज्ये । नृपेणारयो जीयन्ते। The forms which some roots assuine before the passive U are here enclosed within rectangular brackets. + Those roots of the tenth conjugation whose vowels take guna or a riddhi substitute in the active voice, undergo the same change before the य of the passive ; as चुर, चोरयति act:, चोर्यते Pass., not चुर्यते.

·FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. 41 बालकै* रुद्यते। ईश्वरेण भूयते । सारथी हन्यते । लोकैः प्रशस्यध्वे। ऋषयो जनेन वन्द्यन्ते। शिष्यैर्नम्यावहे। सूर्येण प्रकाश्यते। (An) enemy is killed with | Krishna's body is adorned (an) arrow. with ornaments. (The) child's hands are (The) virtues of wise men washed with water. are celebrated by poets. (Thou) art extolled by | (A) sound is heard. poets. Thieves are punished by (You) are sought by men. kings. (I) am served by servants. Fruits (two) are caten by (We) are protected byCiod. Ilari. (You two) are known by Arrows (two) are dis. people. charged. Elephants are mounted. (You) are commanded by (We two) are requested (the) king. by (the) citizens. GENERAL RESULTS AND EXAMINATION, स्मि Atm. 'to smile.' PRESENT TENSE. Singular Dual Plural स्मये स्मयावहे स्मयामहे स्मयसे स्मयेथे स्मयध्वे स्मयते स्मयेते स्मयन्ते 1st pers. 2nd pers. 3rd pers. See notes + and t, p. 17. † If roots have a penultinate or anusvara, it is dropped before, except in certain worses.

·42 FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. 1st pers. 2nd pers. 3rd pers. Passive-' to hear.' भूये श्रूयावहे श्रूयामहे श्रूयसे श्रूयेथे श्रूयध्वे श्रूयते श्रूयते भूयन्ते 1. What form does the final # (short) take in the 6th conjugation? In what other case does it assume the same form? 2. What modification does the final short vowel undergo before the y of the Passive? What substitute does the 3T of FITT, ET and qo'to drink,' take in the same circumstances, and how are roots of the tenth conjugation dealt with? 3. Give the Present Tense of y, 6th conj. [and any number of other Âtmanepadi roots necessary). 4. What case do 53 and other roots having the same sense govern? Give an instance. 5. Repeat the Passive forms of T4, FT, FAT (and any number of other roots, Parasmaipadi and Âtmanepadi, the teacher may deem necessary.] 6. Explain the use of = and ar. LESSON XIII. FEMININE NOUNS ENDING IN STP AND E. NOMINATIVE AND ACCUSATIVE CASES. TERMINATIONS. Singular Dual Plural Nouns Nom. (none) STET ending in yr Acc. आम अस ·FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. 43 Singular Nom. THAT Acc. रमाम Dual रमे रमे Plural रमाः रमाः Nouns SNom. (none) ending in ई Acc. म Nom. नदी • Acc. नदीम औ नद्यौ नयो अस् इस नद्यः नदीः SUBSTANTIVES. Feminine. अरुन्धती name of| नटी an actress रजनी night the wife of Va- नदी a river लज्जा shame sishtha, a great arrêt a woman लता a creeping sage qoft wife plant TFT command get the earth ललना a woman कथा a story प्रजा subject, pro- वापी a well कन्या daughter, al geny. शोभा beauty girl प्रमदा a young | सखी a female कला an art friend कुमारी a virgin | भार्या wife सहचरी a female क्षमा forgiveness मही the earth companion or गगा the Ganges माला 2 garland, mate जननी mother wreath woman See Sandhi rule uute I p. 19.

·44 FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. उपवन n. a garden कण्ठ m. neck गमन n. departure जनक m. father of Sita, wife of Rama नारद m. name of a Heavenly Rishi प्रासाद m. a palace, and तल m. surface ; प्रासादतल n. the upper surface or terrace of a palace सूत्रधार m. the inanager or chief actor in a play हरिण m. a deer Roors. 1st Conj. गम् Atm. with ## to join, it with gre to marry to go or flow together 19 Parasm. to bewail (at) Parasm. to cross, a unth 343 to follow to surmount; with 377| to descend SENTENCES. वसिष्ठस्य पन्यरुन्धती। उपवने नृपस्य कन्ये रमेते। नार्यो हाणां वातायनेभ्यः लते स्पृशति । पश्यन्ति । चन्द्रेण रजनी शोभते। कृष्णः कलाः शिक्षते। यति। नद्यौ संगच्छेते । रामो जनकस्य कन्यां परिण- कुमारी संख्यौ भाषते । गगा समुद्रं गच्छति। वराहाः सहचरीः शोचन्ति। क्षमा वीरस्य भूषणम् । लज्जा त्यजति मूर्खः । नारायणो जननीमाह्वयति नटी सूत्रधारस्य भार्या ।

·FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT, 45 प्रजा नृपतिना रक्ष्यन्ते । ललनाः प्रासादतलमारोहन्ति। उद्यानस्य शोभां पश्यति। नृपस्याज्ञे* अनुरुध्येते । ब्राह्मणा महीमटन्ति । Narada descends from Heaven to (tlie) earth. Krishna tells stories of kings. Young women play in (the)garden. (He) wears two wreaths of flowers on (his) neck. Râma's wifc salutes Arundhati. (We) see two virgins. (The)deer's mates follow (the) deer. (There) are (two) wells in (the) village. (The) chief actor (of a play) calls (the) actress. Hari goes to (the) river. Râma's (two) mothers bewail (his) departure to (a) Women go to (the) wells. [forest. LESSON XIV INSTRUMENTAL, DATIVE, AND ABLATIVE CASES. Terminations. Singular Dual Plural Nouns Instr. आ भ्माम भिस in भार Dat. भ्याम् भ्यस anut Abl. अम् भ्याम् भ्यस The ehding 3r is changed to T before the Instr. sing termination. * See note tp. 21.

·46 FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. Nouns ending in fr take the augment el, and those in the augment sit, before the terminations of the Dat., Abl., Gen., and Loc. singular; माला + या + ए. =मालायै नदी + आ + ए = नद्यैः Or the following may be regarded as the singular terminations :- Dat. ALI. Gen. Loc. Nouns in आ ये यास यास याम ऐ आस आस आम् Instr. मालया मालाभ्याम् मालाभिः Dat. मालायै मालाभ्याम् मालाभ्यः Abl. मालायाः मालाभ्याम् मालाभ्यः Instr. नद्या नदीभ्याम् नदीभिः Dat. नये नदीभ्याम् नदीभ्यः ADl. नद्याः नदीभ्याम् नदीभ्यः SUBSTANTIVES. Feminine. अवन्ती name of| जरा old age पूजा worship a town दासी a maid प्रभा light कान्ता a female| देवता deity महिषी a crowned beloved ; wife पञ्चवटी name of queen कौशाम्बी name a place arar speech of a town पाठशाला a school व्यथा pain क्रीडा sport, play| पुरी a town सीता Rama's wife farar anxiety गीत n. aa song जरठ m. an old man दूत m. a messenger नाग m. an elephant संदेश m. a message fra n. suitable, benefit.

·FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. 47 Tu will fart to depart with art to surround गुत् (योन्) 1st corj. Atm. वृत् with to return to shine fe with st to send SENTENCES. देवताभ्यो बलिं यच्छति। [ति। कौशाम्ब्या निवर्तते दूतः। चित्तस्य व्यथया रामो मुह्य- क्रीडायै प्रविशत्युद्यानम् । कान्तायै संदेश प्रहीयते। सखीभिः परित्रियते सीता। अवन्त्या आगच्छति ।[चन्ते। सहचरीभ्यामनुगम्यते कृष्णस्य पल्ल्यै फलानिरोि- नागः । दास्या सेव्यते महिषी। पञ्चवट्या निर्गच्छति रामः जरया क्षीयते शरीरम् ।[दः। लताभ्यां शोभते वृक्षः। मणीनां प्रभाभिर्योतते प्रासा- गङ्गायाः पुरी क्रोशौ । लज्जया प्रविशति गृहम् । वापोभ्यो जलं वहति । देवस्य पूजायाः सुखं लभते। बालकाः पाउशालाभ्य आ- जाभ्यो हितमिच्छन्ति नृप- गच्छन्ति । तयः। Hari appeases (his) friend | Vasishtha comes with by (his) speesh. Arundhati. (The) city is surrounded Râma gives ornaments by rivers. to (his) daughters. From forgiveness (a) man (He) adorns (his) body obtains tranquillity of with garlands. mind (The) queen gets angry Wise men go to Heaven with (her) maid. from (the) earth. Here the passive forms only of this and of ff are used. | See note t P. 36.

·48 FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. ( He) derives pleasure | (An) offering is made by from (the) old man's (two) virgins. stories. Pain results from anxiety. Rice is cooked by Nârâ- Sitâ learns songs from (her) female friends. By (the) king's command Soldiers come out of (the) (I) go to Avanti. town by order of (the) general. yana's wife. LESSON XV. GENITIVE, LOCATIVE, AND VOCATIVE CASES. . Terminations. Singular Dual Plural Nouns ending Gen. अस् ओस् नाम्. in आ and ई Loc. आम् ओस सु After f, g becomes g. The final app is changed to ç before Him. The Vocative singular of nouns ending in 3 is made up by changing the final vowel to y, as हे रमे; and of nouns ending in ई, by shortening the vowel; as हे नदि. The dual and plural forms are the same as those of the corresponding nominative. (See rule, page 28.) Gen. मालायाः मालयोः मालानाम् Loc. मालायाम् मालयोः मालानु Voc. माले माले माला: Gen. नद्याः नयोः नदीनाम् नयोः नदीषु Voc. नदि नौ नयः Loc. नद्याम् ·FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. 49 ness mar- WORDS. starar f. name augær f. name HEFU 11. fishi of a city of a forest माधुर्य . sweet, Scarott f.the wife forur.f. night of Indra निशाचरm.an evil रथ्याf. a strect उदक. water spirit,a wicked वल्लभ n. lover, कौमुदी f. moon person husband light परम alj. rery वाणी f. speech गोदावरी f. name great विवाह M. of a river प्रभून adj. plenti- riage चकोर m. aa speful, much शकुन्तला f. name cies of bird प्रवर्तन n. inciting, of a woman grar f. slade establishing शिलाf. a stone जयन्त m. name प्रावीण्य . profi- शूद्रक m. name of of Indra's son ciency a king तीरn. bank प्रिय adj. beloved संभार m. prepa- मण्डप m. hower ration अहं 1st Conj. Parasm. to deserve क्रीड् 1st Conj. Parasm. to play with Fa, to divert one's self, to amuse, to play SENTENCES. अवन्त्यां शूद्रको वसति । गोदावर्या जले गजौ विह- गगायां प्रमतं जलं वर्तते । रतः। प्रजानां धर्म प्रवर्तन नृपैः ग्रीष्मे नदीनामुदकेषु नृपाः क्रियते। प्रमदाभिः क्रीडन्ति । उज्जायन्यां शिवस्य पूजाउ लतानां मण्डपं प्रविशन्ति नत्यन्ति नार्यः। ललनाः। सखि गच्छामि नद्यास्तीरम्। वाप्यों कमलानि प्ररोहन्ति ।

·50 FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. वृक्षाणां छायासु शिलाया-जनन्योराज्ञामनुरुध्यते रा- मुपविशति । [ति। मः। कृष्णो भार्याया विनयं शंस-प्रिये पुत्रो ग्रामं गच्छति । चन्द्रो निशाया वल्लभः। सख्योः परमः स्नेहः शकु- कन्ययोर्विवाहस्य संभाराः न्तलायाः। क्रियन्ते। (There) are trees on (the) | (I) see chariots in (the) banks of (the) Ganges. streets of Ayodhya. Jayanta is (the) son of S'akuntalâ deserves (the) Indrini. love of (her) friends. Riva's friends live in (There) is sweetness in (the) city. Râma's speech. [Sitâ ? (The) chahora is deliglited Where are (the) sons of in moonlight. (There) are evil spirits (He) brings (a) flower of in Dadaka. (the) creeper. (There) are islands on llari praises (the) merits (the) carth. of (his) daughters. (I) see men under (the) (There) are fishes in rivers. shade of (the) tree. GENERAL RESULTS AND EXAMINATION. शालाf. an establishment., Singular Dual Plural शाला शाला: शालाम शाले शाला: शालया शालाभ्याम् शालाभि. शालाये शालाभ्याम् शालाभ्यः शालायाः शालाभ्याम् शालाभ्यः Nom. Acc. Instr. Dat. Abl. शाले ·TIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. 51 Placral Cien. Loc. Toc. Singular शालायाः शालायाम शाले Dual शालयोः शालयोः शाले शालानाम शालासु शाला: दासी Nom. दासी दाम्यो दास्यः Ace. दासीम् दास्यौ दासीः Instr. दास्या दासीभ्याम् दासीभिः Dat. दास्यै दासीभ्याम् दासीभ्यः AD]. दास्याः दासीभ्याम् दासीभ्यः Cien. दास्याः दास्योः दासीनाम् Loc. दास्याम् दास्याः दासीषु Voc. दासि दास्यो दास्यः 1. Decline सहचरी, प्रमदा, kc., &c. LESSON XVI. 1MPERFEC', On FIRST PRITERRITE, TENSE. Parasmaipadla. Terminations. 1st pers. 3rd pers. 2nd pers. Singular अम* स Dual वे तम् अ Is prefixed to roots in this tense. Sec page 6, note त् तोम * ·FIRST BOOK OP SANSKRIT. 1st pers. 2nd pers. 3rd pers. וויין a book SSingular अबोधम अबोधः अबोधन Dual अबोधाव अबोधतम अबोधताम् The conjugational signs are added on to the roots before the terminations of the Imperfect. The terminations u and take the augment ई in the case of the root STF 'to be,' and 34 in the case of अद् to cat'; as आसीत्, आहत्. WORDS. अज m. a goat तनय m. a son समराङ्गण 2. field गांष्ठ m. n. a cow- | दशरथ n. the of battle name of a king, at f. an army ग्रन्थ m. a work, the father of सकट. ditihculty, the hero Rama perplexity महिष m. a bullalo! SENTENC RS. रामो रावणमजयत्। [त्। देवानयजाव । सीता गोदावर्यास्तीरमगच्छ- अरण्ये महिषानपश्यम् । गगाया जलमपिवम्। स्तेनौ धनिकस्य धनमचोर- योधोऽरौ शरानक्षिपत् । यताम्। ललने छायायामुपाविशताम्। दशरथस्तनयमाह्वयत् । पत्राणां धर्ममकथयः। ईश्वरस्य प्रसादेन हरेः क्लेशो- सीतां वनेऽत्यजाव। उनश्यत् । [मवसम् । संकटेभ्यो जनमरक्षः। पुरा भार्यया सहोज्जयिन्या- गिरेः शिखरादजावपतताम्। शिष्यावाचार्यमनमतीम् । रथं समराङ्गणमनयम् । अवन्त्यामभवः । हरिरश्वमारोहत् । अयोध्यायामासीः। भिक्षुकेभ्यो निष्कानयच्छम् । अग्निर्वनमदहत् ।

·TIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. 53 (The) water of (tre) lake (I) censured Hari. has dried, (You two) dwelt in (a) (The)general led(his) army forest. to (the) battle-field. (The) caravan rambled (His two) friends reniem from town* to town. bered Râma. (1) published the work. (Thou) wert pleased with (You two)took away fruits Râma’s conduct. (sages. from Ilari's garden. (We two) appeaseel (the) You told Kama (a) story.t God created (the) carth. (Two) tigers ran to (the) Men (two) entered (a) COW-pel. yarden, Krishna washed (lis)fect. LESSON XVII. IN PERTECT Trnse (continuer?). Paras maipada Plural and Åtmanepaula singular. Terininations. 1st pers. 2nd pers. 3rd pers. अन् Parasm. Pl. त STTESTAT अगच्छत अगष्टछन् Âım. sing. 5 UTET FT अलभे अलभथाः अलभत If the word TTT be used here, the following sandh or pilionetic rule should be borne in inemory A consonant at the end of a word or granımatical form followed by a nasal is changed to the nasal of its class optionally; as UGE + TFT एतन्मुरारि or एतमुरारि. This change is necessary when the nasal belongs to a nominal termination, as fo@+42T=F319751.. In sometimes goverus tun accusatives or the indnect Olmect may be in the datire or genitive case.

·54 PIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. iman Roots beginning with a rowel take the augment syr instead of 37, which with the following or becomes ऐ, and with उ or : becomes औ; as आ + ईक्ष+ त = ऐक्षत. WORDS. गोप m. a herds- | पाण्डव m. son of राक्षसm. a wicked पाण्डु, a king person, an evil चित्रकूट m. name | बलि m.name of a spirit of a mountain king लव m. name of a देवी / a woman माणवकm. naine son of Râma of distinction, of an indivi- वसुधाf. the earth a goddess dual विराव m. a cry धार्तराष्ट्र m. son of मारुतm. wind, or | शव 1. a dead the deity that body presides over | शृगाल m. a Jackal नृशंस adj. wicked, it सभा f. court, as- पण्डित n. a learn- मार्ग m. a road sembly धृतराष्ट्र, cousin of पाण्ड ed man SENTENCES. पाण्डवानां धार्तराष्ट्रैः सह यु-मित्रस्य कल्याणायायते । द्वान्यभवन् । गोपा अजान पाम*मनयन्। आचार्या धर्ममुपादिशन् । पुरुषमताडयत । रामः सीतया सह गोदावर्या-शृगालोऽनियंत । स्तीरेऽरमत । नृपस्य सभां पण्डिताः प्रा- उद्यमेन धनमलभथाः विशन् । व्यात्रस्य विरावेण नार्या शवमस्पृशत । -हृदयमवेपत। प्रासादे नार्योऽनृत्यन् । * See lage 27, note t. .

·PIRST BOOK OP SANSKRIT. 55 माणवकं मार्गमपृच्छाम* । नृपतेः शासनमवाधीरयथाः। क्लेशो रामेणासात । लवस्य विनयेनर्षयोऽनुष्यन्। देवीमभाषे। हरिणा जनकोऽसेव्यत। नृशंसो राक्षसोऽहन्यत । चित्रकूटस्य शिखरे ऽवसाम। (Ve) sat in (the) shade of|Messengers went to Ayo- (a) tree. dhya (Ile) forgave (the) faults (Thou) spokest a lie. of (his) servants. Krislma rejoiced at (his) (The) Brahmanas fell into friend's prosperity. (the) water's of (the) (You) lived at Kausambi Gauges. then. Horses ran to (the) battle-(He) wondered at Rama's field. exploits. Raman obeyed (the) comm-(Thou) foughtest with mandls of (his) father:. (an) enemy. Hari learned music from (The) rogue was beaten Nâlâyana. at (the) king's order. (1) tasted (the) fruits of|(You) counted (the) nisha mango-tree. kas. 2nd pers. 3rd pers. LESSON XVIII. IMPERFECT TENSE. Atmanepada Terminations ( continued) 1st pers. Duall वहि इयाम् इताम् Primaire महि ध्वम् अन्त अलभावहि अलभेथाम् अलभेताम अलभामहि अलभभ्वम् अलभन्त See age 27, note t.

·56 FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. Roots, LTE 1st Conj. Atm. to perish Hwith for 10th Conj. Atm. to invito MMFFL 6th Conj. Atm. to feel shame Fquf 1st Conj. Atm. to rival FH 1st Conj. Atm. to drop down हस with वि 1st Conj. Parasm. to laugh in contempt WORDS. असुर m. demons, the ene-प्राची f. the cast inics of gods भूप n. king उपालम्भ m. a taunt रमण m. lover, husband कबरीf a braid of hair राज्य n. kingdom FÖTEFAT f. moonlight व्याध n. a hunter cert m. leaving सचिव m. minister SENTENCES. पाण्डवा राज्यमविन्दन्त। मित्राणां त्यागे नालज्जेथाम्। आचार्या शिष्या अभ्यवा- वृक्षेभ्यः शुका उदडयन्त । दयन्त। मृगावहन्येतां व्याधैः। सचिवा भूपमभाषन्त । जनानां सुखायायतामहि । नार्याःकबर्याःपुष्पे अस्रसे-देवैः सहासुरा अस्पर्धन्त । ताम्। रमणैः सह ज्योत्स्नायामर- जनेन व्यहस्यध्वम् । मन्त नार्यः। रथ्यायां जनानां समूहमै-उज्जयिन्याः कदा न्यवर्तध्व- क्षामहि । मिति जनैरापृच्छ्याभहित रामस्य दुःखान्यध्वंसन्त । See rule in note p2l. प्रच्छ becomes पृच्छु in the passive, * ·IIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. Monkeys fouglīt with (You two)were command- Rakshnsas(evil spirits). ed by Rama. (We two) spoke to (the) (We) invited (the) Rishis learned inen at Kasi. for dinner. (They) endured (the)taunt When did(the) messengers with calmness. return from Ayodhya? Stars (two) shone in (the) (We)did not expect favour east. from Haii. (You) are praised by men. (We) got looks at school. GENERAL RESULTS AND EXAMINATION. नी Singular Dual Plural अनयाव अनयाम 1st pers 2nd pers. 3rd pers. अनयम अनयः अनयत अनयत अनयतम् अनयताम अनयन् 1st pers. 2nd pers. 3rd pers. द्युत् अयोते अयोतावहि अद्योतामहि अयोतथाः अद्योतेथाम अयोध्यम् अयोतत अयोसेताम् अयोतन्त 1. Give the forms of the Imperfect of अस, अद्, ईभ, मृग, सृज, रुन्, मन्न with नि, इष, शिक्ष, जीव, डी, मृ, मन, वृत्त, &c., &c. 2. What change does a final consonant undergo when compounded with the following nasal ? When is the change necessary ?

·58 TIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. LFSSON XIX. MASCULINE AND NEUTIR NOUNS ENDING IN उ AND ऋ. Nouns of the masculine gender ending in J aro declined lıke those ending in s, with this difference, that where इ, ई, ए, य् occurs in the latter, उ, ऊ, ओ, or व् should be substituted respectively in the former. Nouns of the neuter gender ending in 3 or are declined like वारि, उ or a being substituted for 5, ऊ or a for ई, and ओ or अर for ए. Masculine. गुरु m. Para: गुरवः गुरून गुरुभिः गुरुभ्यः Singular Dual Non. गुरुः गुरू Acc. गुरुम गुरू Instr. गुहणा गुरुभ्याम् Dat. गुरवे गुरुभ्याम् Neuter. मधु Nom. & Acc. मधु मधुनी Instr. मधुना मधुभ्याम् Dat. मधुने मधुभ्याम् कर्ट 'doer', Nom. & Acc. कई कर्टणी Instr. कर्तृणा कर्तृभ्याम कर्टणे कर्वभ्याम् मधुनि मधुभिः मधुभ्यः ८ कर्तृणि करीभिः कर्तभ्यः Dat.

·FIRST BOOK OP SANSKRIT. 59 Masculine nouns ending in # change it to surg before the terminations of the nominative, and of the singular and dual of the accusative. A few nouns such as पिट, भ्राट, जामाट, देव, नृ and सव्येष्ट, change the final # to 378. The nominative singular of all ends in 371, 3 and the termination F being dropped. Terminations of the First Four Cases. Singulas Dual Mwal Nom. स औ अस Luc. अम औ न् Instr. आ भ्याम् भिस Dat. ए भ्याम् भ्यस Before the preceding F is lengthened. नेट m. leader. Nom. नेता नेतारौ नेतारः Acc नतारम नेतारी नेतृन् Instit नेत्रा नेतृभ्याम् नेहाभिः Dat. नेत्रे नेतृभ्याम नंतभ्यः Nom. भ्राता भ्रातरौ भ्रातरः Acc. भ्रातरम् भातरी भ्रातृन् Instr. मात्रा भ्राभ्याम् भ्राभिई Dat. भ्राने भाभ्याम् भ्रातृभ्यः SUBSTANTIVES, Musculine. इषु an arrow जामाट son-in- | त्वष्ट the architect कनुपर्ण name of law of the gods. a king तडाग aatank husband's कंपोल cheek त: a tree hrather ·60 TIRST BOOK OT SANSKRIT. वायु wind प्रभु lord धाट the Creator | पिट father a man विष्णु the god परशु an axe alarm Vishnu. परशुराम a Brah-| बिन्दु a drop TT an enemy mana hero भर्ट husband, | शम्भु wlio extermi. master, Siva nated the war- the Bindu le- fry an infant, a rior caste gislator [Rama child पांसु dust लक्ष्मण brother of | सव्यंष्ट chariotcer the goul Masc. & Neuter. The defender, a wealth He doer, author protector Frag* universe. गन्ट goer Acuter. Feminine. ETT giver, donor - tear अमरावती Indra's seer तालु palate capital he hater Hy honey जिह्वा tongue Roots. 74 with HTT, to go after, 1 g 1st Conj. Parasm. and follow Atm. to fill; rata pass. T 1st Conj. Parasm. to At rrith far to produce, to drop create; farreta pass. eft witho, to compose, write 150 !st Conj. Parasm. to desire 3 prefixed to words beginning with a consuunt, and 37a to those beginning with a vowel, express neyution. This is declined like a pronoun.

·TIRST BOOK ON SANSKRIT. 61 . SENTENCIES. शम्भुर्जयति। कन्याया भर्तारं जामातरंव. बाहू स्फुरतः। दन्ति। वायुना तरवः कम्पन्ते । मंत्र संदेशः प्रहीयते । भ्रमरा मधु पिबन्ति । नार्याः कपोलयोनयनाभ्या- नरो वसूनि बाञ्छन्ति । मभूणि गलन्ति। इन्द्रः शत्रूनजयत् । त्वष्ट्रामरावती निरमीयत । योधोऽराविषू सिंपति। पितरो वन्यन्ते पुत्रैः। चातको जलस्य बिन्दमपि न रामो जनकस्य जामाता । विष्णवे पुजारोचते। लभते। पाण्डवा द्वेष्टन् युद्धेऽजयन्। प्रभुभि त्या आदिश्यन्त । भर्तारमनुसरति किंकरः। विश्वस्य कर्तारं नमामि । मनुना धर्मः प्राणीयत । गुरुभ्यः शिष्यस्याविनयं धात्रा प्रजाःसृज्यन्ते। रपीयत। कथयामि। [च्छत्। तडागस्य जलमार्गे गन्तृभि- सीता लक्ष्मणं देवरमन्वग- याचका दातारं नालभन्त । Riima gires sweetmeat to Hari touched (Ins) palate children. [dust with (his) tongue. (The) sky is filled with Women went to (the) Paras'urama 'struck (huis) garden with (their) enemies with (an) axe. husbands. Drops of water fall from (The) Rishis were the (the) elouds. secrs of mantras. (The) king called (the) de People adore Vishnu. "enders of (the) town. Rituparna spoke to (his) (1)child obeys(huis, ather. charioteers. (The) Lord of Avanti Ramu went to(the) forest spoke to (his) ministers. with (his) brother Lakshmana.

·62 FIRST BOOK OT SANSKRIT. LESSON XX. NOUNS ENDING In T AND ऋ-ALISC. & NIELT.- ओस (continued. ) Singular Dual Plural Nouns Abl. (none) भ्याम् भ्यस (ten. (none) ओस in ऋ नाम Lol. इ The singular of the ablative and genitive cases is formed by substituting gy for . Before the g of the locative singular, takes 37 as its substitute, and before 14 it is lengthened. This latter change is optional in the case of The vocative singular is mado up by putting 347 for E, and the dual and plural are the same as those of the nominative. * (Masculine.) Singular Dual Plural All. नेतुः नेतृभ्याम् नेटभ्यः (Gen. नेतुः नेत्रीः Loc. नंतरि नेत्राः नेसषु. Voc. नेतर नेतारी नेतारः Neuter. All. कर्तृणः कर्तभ्याभ कर्तृभ्यः Gen. कर्तृणः कर्तृणोः कलणाम् Loc. कर्तृणि कर्तृणोः कतषु Voc. कर्तर् or कर्तृ कर्तृणी कर्तृणि See rule, page 28 नतृणाम् ·FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT, 63 Masculine. मधो or मधु ance. Abl. गुरोः गुरुभ्याम् गुरुभ्यः Gen गुरोः गुर्वोः गुरूणाम् Loc. गरौ गुर्वोः गुरुष Voc. गुरो गुरू गुरवः Neutcr. All. मधन मधुभ्याम् मधुभ्यः Gen. मधुनः मधुनोः मधुनाम् Loc. मधुनि मधुनोः मधषु Vov. मधुनी मधुनि WORDS. अज्ञान 1. ignor- आय m. a respect- कृपा./. farour alle person, द्विज m. one of भर्जुन m. name of name of the the first three one of the sons reniote ancesclasses of Pandu tors of the app m. grandson अलङ्घनीय ally.] Hindus पशु m. a beast that cannot be agt f. wish पितृव्य m. patertransgressed nal uncle इन्दु m. moon अवस्तु n. not a उत्साह m. happi-वन्धु m. a relation thing, an unmess, cheerfal- बल n. strength real thing. mess, energy भीम m. name of अवस्त्वारोप m. 2- कर्ण m. the name one of the sons scribing somes of a hero of Pâulu othing that is time m. a stain, are m. brother not real a spot मह m. intoxica- आदर m. respect कुरु m. name of al tion, insolence भारोप me ascrib-I death country (in the मृत्यु m. ing plural) ·61 FIRST BOOK OT SANSKRIT, रघु n. (in the । वति । न्ति । Vishnu; god-fire m. n. licarer plural) the de-dess of wealth साधु m. a sage, a scendants of a लड़: 1st con]. Âum. man of piety; king namedरघ to transgress, (adj. good रमाf the name to overcome स्रष्ट्र m. n. creator of a woman वस्तु . a thing, al लक्ष्मी f. wife of real thing SENTENCES. तरोः पुष्पाण्यपतन् इन्दौ कलङ्को दृश्यते। शम्भोः कृपया कल्याणं भ- रामो बन्धुषु स्नेहेन वर्तते । मधुनि माधुर्यमस्ति । गुरूणामादेशाननुरुध्यामहे। नृषु हिजः श्रेष्ठः। साधवो मृत्योर्भयं न गणय- दातृभ्यो धनं लभन्ते । कुरुभ्यो दुत आगच्छत् । पितरिरामस्य परम आदरः। विश्वस्य स्रष्टुरिच्छाऽलङ्घनी- पितृव्यः पितुर्धाता। या*। वस्तुन्यवस्त्वारोपोऽज्ञानम् । देतृणामुत्साहं न सहते। बाह्रोर्बलेन पृथ्वीमजयत् । भीमस्य भ्रातर्यर्जुने कर्णो बाणान मुञ्चत् । Râma was (the) chief of |(Ile) begs purdon of (his) (the) Raghus. lhearers. (1) got a book from (the) Janaka saw (the) chariot author. of (his) grandsons. Lakshmît was (the) wifc Nârâyana saw (the) horses of Vishnu. of Hari's sons-in-lav. STT and are the femmine teu ainations in Sanskrit. Adjectives ending in 37, gencrally, though not invariably, tako the first. † This noun taker F in the nom. sing.

·FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. 05 among donors. (The) Argas lifcd in (the) Karna was (the) first Kurus. (A) parrot sat on (the)tree. (The) lion is (the) lord of (A) servant of Hari's beasts. grandson went to (1) Iar is (the) friend of village. Râma's husband. EXAMINATION. 1. Decline tem, and 9., AY, FI, Farą, , धातृ m., नृ, देव, शत्रु, विभु n. and n., भ्रात, स्रष्ट m., वस्तु, aty, dc., &c. 2. Compare the declensions of masc. and neut, nouns ending in 3 with those endig in 3. What change or changes does the ending #of masc nouns undergo in the first five inflexions? 4. What the feminine trummations in Sanskrit ? How is the feminine of adjectives enda ing in 37 generally formed ? are LESSON XXI, FEMININK NOUNS ENDING IN T, 3, AND TE Feminine pouns ending in Fare declined lik those in , 3, 5, or a being substituted for the t, f, or y, occurring in the latter The termination of the nominative singular is not dropped. The terminatiory of the instrumental singular of feminine nouns ending in gorg is str, and that of the accusative plural is Ħ, before which latter the final vowel is lengthened. In other respects these nouns ·66 FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. are declined like the corresponding masculine. The forms for the dative, alılative, genitive, and locative singular are optionally made up like those of nouns ending in for 5 respectively Feminine nouns ending in Te are such as express l'elationship. They are स्वस, माट, दुहिट, ननान्द्व, and याद. The accusative plural termination is æ, before which the # of all these nouns is lengthened. In other respects स्वस is declined like न or गन्त m., and the rest likeपितृ. Adjectives ending in a, such as श्रोट, गन्त, &c., form their feminine hy adding t; as श्रोत्री, गन्त्री, kt. श्वभू. Sungular Dual Plural Nom. श्वश्रू श्वश्वा श्वश्वः Acc. श्वभ्रम् श्वश्वौ श्वश्रूः Instr. श्वश्वा श्वभूभ्याम् श्वभूभिः Dat. श्वश्वे श्वश्रुभ्याम् वधूभ्यः ADl. श्वश्वाः श्वभूभ्याम् श्वभूभ्यः Gen. श्वश्वाः श्वश्वोः वधूणाम Loc. श्वश्वाम श्वश्वाः श्वश्रुषु Voc. শ্ব श्वको श्वश्वः मति. Nom. मती मतयः Ace. मतिम मती मतीः Instr. मत्या मतिभ्याम् मतिभिः Dat: मतये-मत्यै मतिभ्याम् मतिभ्यः Abl. :-मत्याः मतिभ्याम् मतिभ्यः Gen. मतेः-मत्याः म यो मतीनाम Loc. मत्याः मतिष Voc. मत मती मतयः मतिः .. मतेः- मतौ-मत्याम .

·PIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. 07 धेनु. Singular Dual Plural Nom. धनः धेनू धेनवः Acc. धेनुम धेनु Instr. धेन्वा धेनुभ्याम् धेनुभिः Dat. धेनवे-धेन्वे धेनुभ्याम् धेनुभ्यः ADI. धेनोः-धन्वाः धेनुभ्याम् धंनुभ्यः Gen. धेनोः धेन्वाः धन्वोः धेनुनाम् Loc. धनो-धेन्वाम धन्योः धेनुषु Voc. धेनो धनू धेनवः मातृ Nom. माता मातरौ मातरः Ace. मातरम् मातरौ मातृः Instr. मात्रा माभ्याम् माभिः Dat. मात्रे माटभ्याम् मातृभ्यः Abl. मातुः मातृभ्याम् मातृभ्यः Gen. मातुः मात्रो. मातृणाम् Loc. मातरि मात्रो. मादृष Voc. मातः मातरी मातरः SUBSTAXTIVES. Feminine. अङ्ग्लभुमि Eng-Fitia caste, kind of politics land wicked प्रकृति niinistry, airfra splendour, action disposition light दुहिट laughter gfanfa image or कीर्ति fame yâ courage copy धनु a cow प्रीति affection, गति mode of ननान्द्र husband's satisfaction walking, goingl sister दुष्कृत कृति action चद्धि talent ·68 FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. ATE mother भूति prosperity the wife of the app mother-ina ground, land, gol of love law the earth T1f7 night सुकृति virtuous Ty & young wo or good action मुक्ति alsolution man, daughter fe creation मूर्ति an image 01 in-law Fara praise idol Tafa place of re- fara याट husband's sidence brance, Hmdu brother's wife for profession, lau-books रति pleasure;/ avocation l'emem- FTE sister 972. as- 3757 an] 1st coui. l'a-ligos m. a ball of Englislıman 14187, to go l'ice given to 57722 1. ineditatray, to go the dead tion wrong 975 m. inten- 57134# an. hermit. utt adj. Bold sity, greatness age (man) 487[97] with FECTS M. Sono farer.f. censure ρτη Atm, to in-law of 1- Fagy adj. pofitake leave, as Y and brother cient at the time of -in-law of राम पद् ॥ath उद् 4th departure कृnthअधि to au conj. Atm. toag adj. many thorize, (Pass) bir produced, 77 I. god of to lie authorto result love ized qua v. aftel-TaT m. avarice. T m. a lius. wards Landman ·FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. 09 Plof a person विवर 2. a care |निष arith आ 1h |स् with g to शम्बूक m. name conj to spread brace स्निह 1th coni. शान्ता.. Sister of सद् thनि [नि- Parism. to Rana षीद्] Parism. feel atlection शूद्र 0. a person 1.& con. to sit for of the lowest ÅFATET m. prod.) Hindu caste imity SENTENCES गणयन्ति बुधाः। . सुजनस्य कीर्ति के प्रसरति। नारायणस्य कृनया हरे:पी. संकटे धीरोधृतिं न मुञ्चति। त्यै न भवन्ति । रामः प्रीत्या पुत्रमाश्लिष्य-श्रुत्यां शुद्रो नाधिक्रियते । मुक्तये देवं भजति। [ति । मुर्खाणां स्तुतीनिन्दा वा न यक्षाणां वसत्या आगच्छत् । दुःखं दुष्कृतेरुत्पद्यते । प्रकृतिभिर्नृपः सेव्यते। मदनो तेर्वल्लभः। गोपो धेनू रक्षति । सध्याः पालक ईश्वरः। वध्वो नद्या जलमानयन्ति। बुद्धेः प्रकर्षः कीर्तये भवति। श्वश्रूर्जामातरि स्निह्यति । भूमौ निषीदति । चन्द्रस्य कान्तिं पश्यति । जामातुर्ऋष्यशृङ्गस्याश्रमं नुकृतीनां फलमनुभवति । रामस्य मातरोऽगच्छन् । लोभेन बुद्धिवलति । यातनान्दरं चापृच्छत सी- हरिः प्रकृत्या साधुर्वर्तते । ता पश्चादगच्छतितुहम्। रामः पित्रे मात्रे च पिण्डा- स्वोः पिता वसिष्ठस्य धेनु- नयच्छत् । मरक्षत् । स्मृत्यां धर्मः कथ्यते।

·TO FIRST BOOK OT SANSKRIT. Sitâ howed to Rishiya women in Maharashtra kringa, (the) husband of is praiseworthy. (her) husband's sister. Râma saw (his) sister Vis'vâmitra was (a)ksha Śântâ and bowed to triya hy caste; after (liis) motlier. (caste. wards (he) became (a) Râma asked(the) man(his) Brahmana. Men desire prosperity. Sambûka is (a) husband. Englishmen come here man hy profession. from England. Sitâ always pleased (her) In (the) caves in(the)vici. mother-in-law. nity of Verula(there)aro The king's counsellor is many images of gods. proficient in politics. Hari passed* (his) nights Among Smoitis Manu's in ineditation. is (the) best. Krishat (The) modesty of young daughters. had many EXAMINATION. 1. Comparc. (). The declension of feminino nouns ending in with that of those in f. (6). The declension of feminine nouns in and 3 with that of the corresponding masculine. What do the optional forms of the former resenible? (c). The declensions of FTE, Hra, raq, th, and Tra m. with each other. # Use the root oft leie † Use the gen. of Krishna' and nom-of daughters' and the nom of Sanskrit verb corresponding 'were.' Thic feminine of oilo jectives ending in 3 is optionaly the same as the masculine. The other form is made up by adding f.

·TIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. 71 2. How is the feminine of adjectives ending in J and te formed? 3. Decline ननान्न, स्वस, रुचि, कीर्ति, वधू, रज्ज/., नीति, पृथु n. and /, kc.ke. . 3rd pers. I LESSON XXII. Öx The JMPERATIVE MOOD). Parasmaipada Terminations. Singular Dual Plural * 1st pers. आनि आव आम 2nd pers. (none) तम् त ताम् अन्त वदानि वदाव वदाम वर वदतम् वदत वदतु वदताम् वदन्तु The conjugational signs are added on to the roots before the terminations of the Imperative. WORDS. 3777 1. a false-) T5 W, well-being, IT interj. O! oh! hood, an benctit विशn. race truth भू witle अनु to ex- वत्स m. a child अभिधान n. namej perience, to feel वयस्य m. commpan उपदेश m. counscl मा ind. not (pro-_nion, friend डिम्भ m. a child hibitire) दुर्ग.n difficulty रस m. juice सर्वदा ind. always 975 m. a lesson lerents: queen सोम m. a plant used in sacrifices, or its juice The imperative forms of 37 and 37% are given in the Second Book. un-I शङ्का f. doubt ·72 FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. SENTENCES. सत्त्वं जयतु । पश्यत् । लोको दुर्गाणि तरतु भद्राणि वत्स पितरं प्रणम। अयोध्या द्वता गच्छन्तु। नराणां व्याधयो नश्यन्तु । पुत्रावश्वमारोहताम् । मयूरौ प्रासादस्य शिखरे रेरे मा विनयं त्यजत । नृत्यताम् । सख्यौ पुष्पाण्यानयतम् । बालका अनृतं मा वदत। वयस्योपवनं प्रविशाव । आसनयोर्निषीदतम् । जलं त्यज घृतं पिव। डिम्भ जननीमाय । कथं व्याघ्राणां संनिधौ नि- भूपतयः सर्वदा प्रजा धर्मण वसानि । जनः सदानन्दमनुभवतु of men. Tell (your) lrother's name. Thus perislı (the) enemies Children, go to school and learn (your) lesson. | Give money to (the)poor. Ciod save (the) Queen. Châuvala, do not touch(a) Follow ( we the) counsels Brahmane. of wise men. Drink (ve the) juice of (The) gods lie satisfied. Soma. Hari and Madhava, do not Remember (he the) good prattle. deeds of (his) race. Leave off doulit as to Desewive (we the) praises 'Rama's success. of men. * l'se the locative licre.

·FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. 73 LESSON XXIII. IMPERATIVE MOOD (continued). Åtmanepada Terminations. 1st pers. 2nd pers. 3rd pers. Singular ऐ स्व ताम् मोदै मोदस्य मोदताम् Roors. Dual आवह इथाम् इताम् मोदावहै मोत्थाम Plural आमहै ध्यम अन्ताम मोदामहै मोदध्वम् मोदन्ताम SUBSTANTIVES. मोदताम् जिvite वि Atm. to conquer अभिलाष m. desire[conduct पद् untle प्रति to step to- आचार m.proper conduct, wards, to do खल m. a villain मन् 4th conj. Atm. to think, देवदत्त m. name of a person to maintain, to regard पार्थिव m. a king [account वृत uiths to set about Taraf f. intelligence, news, SENTENCES. शत्रुभिः सह युध्यस्व । कन्ये गीतं शिक्षेताम् । चित्तं स्वास्थ्यं लभताम्। भरि सेवेथाम् । शिष्या गुरून् वन्दध्वम् । कथं दुःखं सहै। प्रजाया हिताय पार्थिवाः प्र-कीर्तये यतामहै। वर्तन्ताम् । भूपते विजयस्व । 4 ·74 FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. ताम् । भानुगुणान् मा श्लाघध्वम् जनानां धर्मेऽभिलाषो वर्ध- नरा धान्यस्य समृद्धया मो- दन्ताम्। शृगालौ म्रियेताम् । आचारं प्रतिपयेथाम् । araf: श्रूयन्ताम् Trembıle, (the) enemies of Let the two) books be (the) Queen. brought here. Taste (thou a) mango. Do not (you both) regard Begin (you the) study of Devadatta (an) enemy. Sanskrit. Rejoice at men's pros- Obey (we the) commands perity. of God. Die, villain. [misdeeds. Let (the) moon shine. May men blush at (their) LESSON XXIV. SOME OF THE MORT IMPORTANT VERBAL DERIVATIVES. The past passive participle* is formed by adding af to the root; as x to hear, sya heard. The infinitire of purpose is formed by adding out to the root, as sy to hear, high for hearing. The indeclinable past participle or absolutive is formed by adding car to the root; y to hear, yar haviny hearel. takes the place of car when a preposition is pretixed to the root; rare having experienced. 7 is prefixed to this g when the root ends in a short vowel; studenou having imitated. * The feminine of this is formed by Filding 3TT. # The final vowel or the penultimate short takes its crunch substitute before this termiuatica.

·FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. 75 * 377 to throw Before all these terminations except J, some roots take the augment इ. As a general rule, howerer, roots ending in short vowels do not take it. There are some other modifications which the roots undergo, which are too various to be noticed here. To form the present participle, the conjugational sign* is first affixed to the root,and then the termination अत् ( see note p. 6 ) is added on to it when the root takes Parasmaipada terminations, and Art when it takes Átmanepada terminations. List of Past Passive Participles of several roots. अस्त | दिश् to show दिष्ट आप् to obtain आत | दुष to be made badd दुष्ट कम to desire, to loveकान्त दृश् to sce दृष्ट कृष to draw lines, to धा to put, to have हित plough कृष्ट | धृष् to be proud, todare: •eधृष्ट क्रम् to go क्रान्त | नम् to lhow नत क्रुध् to be angry क्रुद्ध | नश् to perish नष्ट क्लम to be weary क्लान्त | पच् to cook पक्क क्षम् to forgive क्षान्त | पद् to go पन्न क्षुभ् to be agitated क्षुब्ध पुष् to nourish खन् to dig खात प्रच्छ to ask पृष्ट गम् to go गत बन्ध् to bind बद्ध गुढ | भज् to worship भक्त जन् to be produced जात मन् to mind, to think मत out to be satisfied तुष्ट | मस्ज to plunge मन त्य to abandon त्यक्त' मुच to liberate मुक्त to burn Or, more generally, like that form which the root assumes befow the 3rd pers. plural termination of the present teine, nd then add on the participial sufix instead of that termination. गृह to hide * ·76 FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. इष्ट वृत् to be शस्त. to grow मुह to be foolish मूढ or मुग्ध विश् to enter विष्ट 251 to worship वृत्त युज् to join युक्त शंस् to praise रभ् to be engaged in रब्ध शम to be quiet शान्त रम् to sport रत लिष् to embrace श्लिष्ट रुह रूढ | सह to endure सोढ लभ् to obtain लब्ध सज् to create, to लुम् to covet लब्ध abandon दृष्ट वच् to speak उक्त स्पृश् to touch स्पृष्ट वद् to speak उदित हन् to kill वह to bear ऊढ WORDS. उटजm.ahut पकn. mud उपाय m. a remedy पीडा/pain कुम्भकार m. a potter मति f. intellect कूप m. a well मह m. pride, arrogance घट m. ajar यज्ञिय adj. belonging to धृ lst conj. Parasm. and a sacrifice Atm. twith उद् to sa1e, समर्थ adj. able, powerful to release, to lift up सर्पm. a serpent SENTENCES, जलं पातुं नदीमगच्छत् । भार्या त्यक्त्वा वनं गतः। कुम्भकारेण घटः कृतः । रामस्य पीडा नष्टा । हरिणा सो दृष्टः। उपायश्चिन्तितः । ग्रामं गन्तुमिच्छामि । गृहं प्रविष्टः किंकरः। जनानांपीडा:परिहर्तुमीश्वरः शम्बूकेन कथिर्ता वार्ता समर्थोऽस्ति । श्रुत्वा रामोऽमुह्यत् । In sentences in which the past participle is thus used, th copula 57fFT 'is' may be supposed to be understood. - ·FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. 77 नद्यास्तीरे चिरं विहृत्योटज शत्रू जित्वा नगरी प्रावि- निवृत्ता सीता। शत् । [जत । गृहं प्रविश्य कमातेत्यपृच्छत्। सखीभिः पृष्टा ललनाऽल- लक्ष्म्या मदेन स्पृष्टोऽसि । क्लेशः सोढः सीतया। रामेण बहवः कूपास्तडागा-पृथिव्यां चरितुं यज्ञियोऽश्वी वोत्खाताः। कर्तुमारभत। एवमुक्तो हरिाह्मणाय धन-वनात्प्रतिनिवृत्य रामो राज्यं मयच्छत् । पढ़े पतितां धेनुमुद्धरति । अश्वमारोढुं* मतिर्जाता । रक्षितोऽस्मि देवेन । मुक्तः।। EXAMINATION. 1. Give the Imperative (all numbers and persons) of जीव् ईक्ष, जन्, स्पृश्, हु, दृ, स्था act. and pass., पा to drink,' स्फुर, अद, निन्द, शुभ, भू citle अनु act. and pass., सह, &c. ke. 2. How do you form- The Past passive participle, b. The Present participle active, The Present participle passive, llo The Infinitive of purpose, P. The Indeclinable Past participle or absolutive,'with and without a proposition? 3. Give the intinitive of purpose and all participles of मन्, यज्, मुच, खन्, दह, सृज्, वह, लभ्, रम्, लिष, + &c. e. C. . From रुहू. + The pupil will require the teacher's assistance in answer. ing this question, which is rather too advanced for him.

·78 FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. LESSON XXV. NOUNS ENDING IN CONSONANTS. The general scheme of Case-endings given in Sanskrit Grammars is as follows: Singular Dual Plural Nom. & Voc.स औ अस् Acc. अम औ अस Instr. आ भ्याम् भिस Dat. ए भ्याम् भ्यस ADl. अस भ्याम् भ्यस् Gen. अस्त ओस आम Loc. इ भोस सु These terminations are applied without any change to masculine and feminine nouns ending in consonants, but the crudo form itself undergoes certain modifications, which we will shortly notice. 1. There are a number of nouns which undergo no change, and are declined alike whether masculine or feminine; as भुभृत् ॥., मरुत् ॥., शत् F., &c. मरुत् m. Singular Dual Plural Nom. & Voc. मरुत्* मरुती मरुतः Acc. मरुतम मरुसौ मरुतः Instr. मरुता मरुद्भ्याम् मरुद्भिः * When there are more than one confiant at the end of a word, the first is retained and the others dropped; as म्फत् with becomes 978CFC, but is dropped, and the form is मरुतः ·FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. 79 Dual Dat. •ADl. Gen. Loc. Singular मरुते मरुतः मरुतः मरुति मरुद्भ्याम् मरुद्भ्याम् मरुतोः मरुतोः Plural मरुभ्यः मरुभ्यः मरुताम् मरुत्म वाच् * वाक्षु Nom. & Voc. वाक् वाची वाचः Acc. वाचम् वाची वाचः Instr. वाचा वाग्भ्याम वाग्भिः Dat. वाचे वाग्भ्याम् वाग्भ्यः AVI. বাদ: वाग्भ्याम् वाग्भ्यः Gen. वाचः वाचोः वाचाम Loc. वाचि वाचोः 2. Nouns ending in an and was when masculina prefix a to the final a in the first five inflexions. भगवत् . Singular Dual Pla Nom. भगवान् भगवन्तौ भगवन्तः Acc. भगवन्तम् भगवन्तो भगवतः भगवता भगवद्भ्याम् भगवद्भिः Dat. भगवते भगवद्भ्याम् भगवद्भ्यः Abl. भगवतः भगवद्भ्याम् भगवद्भ्यः Gen. भगवतः भगवतोः भगवताम् Loc. भगवति भगवतीः भगवत्सु Voc. भंगवन् भगवन्तो भगवन्तः Tor is changed to at before hard consonants, and to I before any soft consonant except a nasal or bemivowel. This change takes place also when these consonants eud a word. A consonant (except a nasal) at the end of a word is changed to the Mist or third of its class. of following a vowel except 'ST and 37r, or a letter of the guttural class, or s, generally becomes r. Justr.

·80 FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. 3. Present participles differ from this only in the nominative singular, the 57 of the last syllable being short, as yoga pr. part., TEST nom. sing. 4. The terminations of the nominative, vocative and accusative forms of neuter nouns ending in consonants are as follows: Singular Dual Plural (none) इ Before the g of the plural is prefixed to the final consonant if it be not a nasal or a semi-vowel. The other cases are, as in the case of nouns ending in 37, formed exactly like those of the corresponding masculine. Nom., Voc., and Acc. Ta जगती STUFFET Nom., Voc., and Acc. 737 teg - Tag Fora 5. The Nom. Voc, and Acc, dual of the neuter of present participles is just the same as the feminine forin*; *pr. part. -at f. & 1. du., Ferra pr. part. Farstaat or fastot.f. & 9. du. dc. WORDS. 3779€ /. adversity 9777 adj. dependent rych ailj.* long-lived place f. the first day of a TT adj. meritorious lunar fortnight TUTTE adj.divine, majestic TE pron. your Honour tha ndj.sensible, talented Am. a king The feminine forms of adjectives ending in for at, and of present participles, are formed by adding $; as störstatt, long-lived (she). Before of, however, 7 is prefixed to the final of the present participles of the roots of the 1st, 4th, and 10th coujugations, and optionally to the of those of roots of the oth coujugation. tra n. the world दृश. stone * ·FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. 81 मरुत् m. wind, a god श्रीमत् adj. prosperous मूर्तिमत् adj. having form संपद.f. wealth, prosperity यशस्वत् adj. famous सुखभाग adj. happy, those वाच f. speech who enjoy happiness विद्युत् f. lightning सुहृद् m. a friend वियत् n. sky शर. antunin इतभुज् m. fire मृग m. a deer ईभ with उप to neglect कार्तिकm. name of a month वासुदेव m. name of the god नल m. name of a king Krishna महोत्सव m. festival विद् 4th conj. Atm. to be Present Participles. कुर्वत् doing गच्छत् going चोदयन् driving | पश्यत् seeing जयत् conquering| वसत् dwelling *शासत् ruling SENTENCES. नृशंसेभ्यो गुणवतामपि भयं । धीमन्तो लोके यशस्वन्तो विद्यते। भवन्ति । चन्द्रस्य प्रकाशः शरद्याला- रामो मूर्तिमान धर्म हव । दको भवति। [वर्तते । जयतः शत्रून् मोपेक्षस्व । विद्युत सह मेघो वियति | भवद्भिरादिष्टः किंकरो नग- वत्स आयुष्मान् भव, रमगच्छत् । I is not prefixed to in the first five inflexions in this case.

·82 FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. नमो भगवते वासुदेवाय जनाः 'सुखभाजोऽभवन्। पश्यतो*गुरोः शिष्येणाविन-मरुतां भर्तार्जुनं द्रष्टुमिच्छति। यः कृतः। [ नलः । कवीनां वाक्षु माधुर्यमस्ति । हुतभुजा दग्धमरण्यमपश्य- सुहृदोर्वचनमलङ्घनीयम् । दिनेषु : गच्छत्सु नारायणः भवन्तःपुत्रैः सहागच्छन्वि- पण्डितोऽभवत् । ति श्रीमतो देवस्याज्ञा। मही शासति दशरथे भूभृति Narayana is not depend- In prosperity many persons follow (a) man. Deer sit on stones in (a) A man is abandoned by forest. (his) friends in adversity. Indra is (the) lord of (the) Krishna saw men driving gods. horses. On (the) first of Kartika (The) ascetics regard(the) there is (a) festival. world as (a) wilderness. (I) saw (a) boy going to | (A) work is written by school. (the) talented Narayana. Rama lived in (the) prosperous city of Ayodhya.. ent. EXAMINATION. 1. Repeat the case-terminations occurring in Sanskrit Grammars. * This is an instance of the genitive absolute; it hås the sense of 'notwithstanding + This is an instance of the locativé absolute; the meaning is like that of the English nominative absolute-days haring elapsetd.

·FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. 83 2. Compare the declension of nouns in an or with that of present participles, and of these with that of any ordinary noun ending in a consonant, such as the 3. How do you form the neuter dựal or feminine of present participles, and adjectives in ag Or मन् ? 4. How is 7 or treated when followed by hard or soft consonants, or when it is at the end of a word ? 5. In what circumstances is # generally changed to ? 6. Decline प्रतिपद्, हुतभुज, यशस्वत् m., f. & N., an, f. & 1., ECE na & n., Tryshim. & n, दिशत् m., f. &n., परवत् m., आपद्, चोपयत् M.,f. 11., &c. &c. 7. Explain, with instances, the use of the Loc. and Gen, absolute. LESSON XXVI. NOUNS ENDING IN अन् AND इन्. 1. F, the nominative and vocative singular termination, is dropped (see note, page 78). 2. 7 is dropped in the nominative singular, and before all terminations beginning with consonants. 3. The st is lengthened in the first five inflexions, and in the nominative singular only. This rule does not hold good in the case of neuter nouns. But in the ·84 FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. plural of the nom., Toc. and acc. of these, the अ and g are lengthened. 4. अ is dropped before the rorel terminations beginning with the st of the accusative plural, but not in cases when the 37 is preceded by a conjunct consonant of which 4 or a is the final member. This rule is applied optionally in the locative singular of masculine and neuter nouns, and in the nom. voc. and acc. dual of the latter. 5. The vocative singular does not differ from the crude. In the neuter a is optionally dropped. राजन् . Singular Dual Plural Nom. राजा राजानी राजानः Acc राजानम राजानी Instr. राज्ञा राजभ्याम् राजभिः Dat. राज्ञे राजभ्याम् राजभ्यः Abl. राज्ञः राजभ्याम् राजभ्यः Gen. राज्ञोः राज्ञाम Loc. राज्ञि-राजनि राज्ञोः • राजसु Voc. राजन् राजानी राजानः आत्मन् m. Nom. आत्मा आत्मानौ आत्मानः Acc. आत्मानम् आत्मानौ आत्मनः Instr. आत्मना आत्मभ्याम् आत्माभिः Dat. आत्मने आत्मभ्याम् आत्मभ्यः *The 37 of the final syllable Stat being dropped, we have TTT. By a rule of Sandhi (stre page 21, note*), I becomes , which, with the preceding ज, becomes [. राज्ञः* . .

·FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. 85 Singular Dual Plural Abl. Gen. Loc. Voc. आत्मनः आत्मनः आत्मनि आत्मन् आत्मभ्याम् आत्मनोः आत्मनोः आत्मानौ आत्मभ्यः आत्मनाम् आत्मसु आत्मानः नामन् . Nom. and Acc. नाम नामनी or नानी Instr. नाम्ना नामभ्याम् Dat. नाने नामभ्याम् Abl. नाम्नः नामभ्याम Gen. नाम्नः नाम्नः Loc. नामनि-नाम्नि नानोः नामन् or नाम नामनी or नानी नामानि नामभिः नामभ्यः नामभ्यः नानाम नामसु नामानि Voc. शशिन् M. शशिनौ Nom. Acc. Instr. Dat. Abl. Gen. Loc. Voc. शशी शशिनम् शशिना शशिने शशिनः शशिनः श.शनि शशिन शशिनी शारीभ्याम् शशिभ्याम् शशिभ्याम् शशिनोः शशिनोः शशिनी भाविन् n. शशिनः शशिनः शशिभिः शशिभ्यः शशिभ्यः शशिनाम शशिषु शशिनः Nom. and Acc. भावि Voc. भाविन् or भावि The rest like शशिन्. भाविनी भाविनी भावीनि भावीनि ·86 FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. WORDS. ness ani भनुजीविन adj. a /कुशलिन् adj. rata adj. what servant happy, well is to be अपराधिन् adj. क्षेत्रगामिन् adj. महिमन् m. greatguilty, ofgoing to a holy fending place मेधाविन् allj. अश्मन् m. a stone चर्मन् n. leather talented, intelligent STICHT, 2. the THT 1. name soul, self पक्षिन् m. a bird योगिन् m. ascetic TOTT 11. an ani- उत्सङ्गवर्तिन् adj. mal a king (उत्सद्ग M. lap) प्रियवादिन् adj. वर्मन् m. a way, resting on the lap speaking sweet a path ly. faragua m. the कञ्चुकिन् n. an प्रेमन् m. affection architect of attendant on फलाशिन् adj. a the women's fruit-eater [tor Freita I. apartments awam. the Crea mountain कर्मन् m. action भर्मन् 2. a house स्वामिन् m. lord Tota m. the gods a mance अनर्थ m. disad- अमात्य m. country on. beginvantage, eril sellor ning, perfor STEF:ST n. the अम्बर n. sky apartment oc- अवतरत् m. part. उपकार m. doing cupied by of with अव good to women in descending[ter other, obligahouse 3775 f.daugh' tion, benefitting * The feminine form of an adjective ending in 57 is made up by adding $; as Ayrfaraft talented' (roman). anа ·FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. 87 दुष, wicked Ous . नाशm. ruin 1laine another पुण्यवत्adj.virtu- उपानह fa shoe दिन्य n meanness roga past part. छ 1st conj. प्रियवादिख pass. of कुण्ठ, Parasm. to kindliness of hampered, impeded molt with pity speech [grim कौशल n. skill, न कदापि neral यात्रिक m. a pilproficiency | वसुदेव m. गण 10th_conj. निर्मित past pass. of Krishna's father part.of मा with to count, to reckon, to निर्, created, शुभ adj. good, consider constructed, virtuous. जगत्कर्ट m. formed, made श्रवण n. hening tor of the world निर्वतिमत् adj. श्रीषेण m. a proper जीवित 2. life. happy दुष्ट past part. of परिणाम m. result स्वम m. a dream. SENTENCES, cleaname योगिनः फलाशिनो भवन्ति। भाविनोऽनञ् ज्ञातुं न अपराधिनं मा क्षमस्व । समर्थोऽस्ति जनः । अनुजीविने कुप्यति भर्ता । अश्मभिरश्वस्य गतिः कु- दशरथस्य पुत्रो नामा रामः। ण्ठिता। ब्रह्मणः प्रजाः प्रजायन्ते। जगत्कर्तुमहिम्नां फलं सर्वत्र राजन् कुशली भव। दृश्यते । कञ्चुको राज्ञामन्तःपुरेऽ- क्षेत्रगामिना वमना गच्छ- धिकृतः पुरुषः। न्तं यात्रिकमपश्यम् । . † The of this word becomes and in the circumstances mentioned in note* page 79.

·88 FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. द्रवति । जनस्य कल्याणाय यतमानेन अश्मनेव निर्मितं दुष्टानां रामेणात्मा क्लेशमुपानी- हृदयं परकीयस्य दुःख- यत। स्य श्रवणेन न कदापि आत्मनःपुत्राणां कर्मसु कौ- शलं प्रशंसति । शुभानां कर्मणामारम्भः कृष्णो वसुदेवस्य भर्मणि कल्याणाय । वसन्न*म्बरादवतरन्तं जगता कुटुम्बिनं मन्यत । नारदमपश्यत् । आत्मानं साधुः। श्रीषेणस्य राज्ञो महिषी सूर्य प्राणिनामुपकारायैव साधू- चन्द्रं चात्मन उत्सव नां जगति जीवितम्। तिनौ स्वमेऽपश्यत् । प्रियवादिनां प्रियवादित्वं अपराधिनः पुरुषान्दण्डयन्तु, दैन्यं गण्यते शरैः । राजानः। of Devadatta is intelligent. Nala was (the) son ( The) father embraced Vis'vakarman. (his) son with affection. Birds fly in (the) sky. * When 5, T and T at the end of a word or grammatical form are preceded by a short vowel and followed by any vowel, they are doubled. + If a nominal or rerial form ending in ए, ऐ, ओ or भौ is followed by a vowel, and of the substitute for the for. mer are optionally dropped.

·FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT, 89 are maile Servants follow (their) Shoes of lord, leather. Trees grow on mountains Hari's ruin is (the) result (I) do not remember (the) of (his) actions, naines of (the) boys. I Brahmâ created animals, and stones, and the sky. EXAMINATION 1. In what, cases is the # of nouns ending in 377 dropped, and in what cases the 3T? Give cxamples of nouns which do not drop the latter. 2. Compare the declensions of nouns ending in 377 with that of those in ga? 3. Decline मूर्धन्, महिमन्, वर्मन्, यज्वन्, लघिमन, कुशलिन्, भर्मन्, पक्षिन, कर्मन, सीमन /., &c. &c. 4. How do you form the feminine of adjectives ending in इन? LESSON XXVII. NOUNS FRDING IN स, वस, AND ईयस् OR एयस. 1. The nom. sing. of nouns ending in F is formed by dropping the termination # and lengthening 37 if it precedes. The # of the noun is then changed to a visarga (vide note + p. 6). 2 Before the terminations beginning with consonants the # is changed to a visarga, which in being compounded with the terminations follows the Sandhi Mules that have been given (see note page 15, and † and || page 17).

·90 FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. 3. Nouns in वर and ईयस or एयस् prefix in the masculine a 7 to the finall, and their penultimate 3T is lengthened, in the first five inflexions. The nominative singular ends in वान् and यान. 4 The व of वस is changed to उ* before the rowel terminations, beginning with that of the accusative plural, and before the ई of the nom., roc. and acc. dual of the neuter; and the ato ç before the consonantal, and in the nom., Toc. and acc. sing. of the neuter. 5. The rule mentioned in (2) holds also in the case of ईयस 01 एयस. 6. The preceding 57, if any, is not lengthened in the case of the nom., voc. and acc. sing. of neuter Before the of the plural, the penultimate vowel is lengthened and a nasal inserted after it. 7. In the vocatne singulars of all these the penultimate is not lengthened, as चन्द्रमस, विद्वन्, &c. चन्द्रमस n. 1louns. Singular Dual Plural चन्द्रमसौ Nom. चन्द्रमाः चन्द्रमसः Acc. चन्द्रमसम चन्द्रमसः Instr. चन्द्रमसा चन्द्रमीभ्याम् चन्द्रमोभः Dat. चन्द्रमसे चन्द्रमोभ्याम् चन्द्रमोभ्यः Abl. चन्द्रमसः चन्द्रमोभ्याम् चन्द्रमोभ्यः * Before this I the preceding T, 'if any, is dropped, as afe- वस-सेवष: acc. pl.

·FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. 91 Singular Duall Plural Gen, Loc. Voc. चन्द्रमसः चन्द्रमासे चन्द्रमसोः चन्द्रमसोः चन्द्रमसौ चन्द्रमसाम चन्द्रमासु-स्सु चन्द्रमसः चन्द्रमः Nom. Acc. Instr. Dat. Abl. Gen. Loc. Voc. विद्वान् विद्वांसम विदुषा। विदुषे विदुषः वितुषः विदुषि विद्वन् विद्वस 3. विद्वांसौ विद्वांसः विद्वांसौ विदुषः विद्वद्भ्याम् विद्वद्भिः विद्वद्भ्याम् विद्भ्यः विद्वद्भ्याम् विद्भ्यः विदुषोः विषाम् विदुषोः विद्वत्सु विद्वांसौ विद्वांसः श्रयस् m. Nom. श्रयान् श्रेयांसौ श्रेयांसः Acc. श्रेयांसम श्रेयांसौ श्रेयसः Instr. श्रेयसा श्रेयोभ्याम् श्रेयोभिः Dat. प्रेयसे श्रेयोभ्याम् श्रेयोभ्यः Abl. श्रेयसः श्रेयोभ्याम् श्रेयोभ्यः Gen. श्रेयस श्रेयसोः श्रेयसाम् Loc. श्रेयसि श्रेयसोः श्रेयःसु-स्सु Voc. श्रेयन् श्रेयांसो श्रेयांसः • In the body of a word or grammatical form is changed to an anusvara when followed by श, ष, स, or हूँ. +See notet p.79.

·92 FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. मनस् . Singular Dual Plural Nom., Voc. मनः मनसी मनांसि and Acc. The rest like चन्द्रमम्. तस्थिवस . Nom., Voc. तस्थिवत् तस्थुषी तस्थिवांसि and Acc. The rest like विद्वस अर्चिस .. Nom. अर्चिः अचिो चिषः Acc. अर्चिषम अचिषौ अचिषः Instr. अचिषा अचिाम अचिभिः Dat. अचिषे अचिभ्या॑म् अचियः ADI. अचिषः अचिभ्याम् अचिभ्यः Gen. अचिषः अर्चिषोः अचिषाम् Loc. अचिषि अचिषोः अर्चिष्षषु Voc. अर्थिः अचिषौ अचिषः VORDS. अध्यूषिवस् adj. dwelt तस्थिवस adj. sat कनीयस् adj. younger तेजस . light, heat चक्षुस् n. eye दिवौकस् m. a god दुर्वासस m. name of a sage tFarth adj. elder धनुस् n. a bow तपस् n. religious austerity|नभस् n. the sky तमस् n. darkness पयस 1. water * The feminme of wjectives ending in TF is the same as the Nom. Voc. and Acc. dual of the neuter, while that of adject'ves in ईयस and एयस is formed by the simple addi. tion of ई. + This and भूयस are declined like श्रेयस. छन्दस् n. Veda ·FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. 93 adj. very dear, dearer) adj. one dwelling भूयस adj. very great, in a forest greater TUF n. age ATF n. mind वासस ।. cloth TITÆ n. fame, glory FEĦ adj. learned TTH n. an evil spirit, a TUTH 1. Brahmâ Rakshasa PTTH n. the head TFTH n. dust, pollen er adj. superior, pros- ETF n. the breast perous वचस . speech सरस् n. a lake हविस 2. an offering fa f. not ground ship or reverence 375*7 m. hermitage quae f. name of a fe- कीचक m. name of the male companion of sacommander-in-chief of kuntala King Virâța TITUT m. name of a king TT m. name of a son of of the solar race Rama [done, made Faszi n. sex ma past part, pass. of ni, trer f. a branch Trota adj. meritorious Fax lst conj. Parasm. and of adj. worn out, old Âtm. with TT, to resort द्वारका f. name of a town to, to depend upon TE adj. new wat adj. white परिहित adj. worn संतप्त past part. of तप्vitle Ta m, a traveller 77, heated, oppressed CFFUR n. object of wor- Trg with ft to cover; # with 377 to consent, to agree to; ta pr. part. with 39, 397 rising; 01 1st conj. Parasm. to go; with 34t, to eat, to perform a sacrifice. by heat ·94 FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. SENTENCES. मुनयोवनौकसोऽभवन् । शत्रुञ् शिरस्सु प्रहरति । देवान् दिवौकसो वदन्ति । मनसा हरिं ब्रजति । कनीयांसं भ्रातरमाह्वय। तपसां फलमनुभवतु कुशो लवस्य ज्यायान् भ्राता। दुर्वासाःपाण्डवानां वसतिम- प्रेयसोजनान् स्मरति कृष्णः। गच्छत् । र्तिन्ते। उद्यन्तं चन्द्रमसं प्रेक्षस्व। भयांसोऽत्र धान्यराशयो व- तमोभिर्नभो व्याप्यते। रामो रक्षांसि हत्वा यशो- वाससी परिहिते कन्यया। ऽविन्दत। श्रूयते। श्रेयसे यतते। गङ्गायाः पयांसि श्वेतानीति विवद्भिपदिष्टो दशरथो यज्ञमाहरत् । भीमेन वक्षसि ताडितः कीचकोऽमुद्यत् । बहूनि हवींष्यग्नौ प्रास्यति । नगरस्य समीपे तस्थिवद्राजसैन्यमपश्यम् । सूर्यस्य तेजसा संतप्तः पान्थरछायामाश्रयते । *द्वारकामध्युषुषो जनस्य संपदो मनसोऽप्यभूमिरभवन् । वसिष्ठस्य वचांसि श्रुत्वा विश्वामित्रेण सह रामस्य गमनं दशरथोऽन्वमन्यत। गुणाः पूजास्थानं गुणिषु न च लिङ्गं न च वयः । * That is, their wealth and general prosperity exceeded their desires.

·FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. 95 ed men. Hari appeased (his) mo forest-dwelling Rishis ther by (his) speech. were made of leaves Nârâ yana's younger bro and branches of trecs. ther is at Kâs'i. Bhagiratha pleased VC- Pânim speaks of (the) dlhas by(his) austerities. Vedas as Chhandase.s. (There) are lotus-flowers (The) wind brings pollen in (the) waters of (the) from flowers. lakes. May (the) glory of (the) (The) king reveres learn. Queen spread over (the) carth. As (a) man leaves worn Priyai vadâ went to Dur out clothes and wears Tasas and begged par. new ones, so (the) soul don. leaves old bodies and Hari saw (the) chariotcer cnters new ones. driving horses, with Raghu conquered (the) (his) eyes. earth by (his) bows and Rama was waited upon (served) by (lis) youn-(The) offerings thrown into (the) fire are carried (Th) hermitages of the by (the) fire to the godsarrows. ger brothers. EXAMINATION, 1. Compare the declensions of nouns ending in अस, इस, ईयस, 31 एयम्, and वस. 2. When is the of a changed to y, and how is the preceding , if any, treated in this case? 2 How is the feminine of nouns ending in घर and ईयस or एयस fornled?

·96 FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. Decline नभस, धनु, जग्मिवस 'm., J., &n. लघीयस ., f, & n., पयस, चकृवस् m., S., &_n., ज्यायस् M.S., & 21., चक्षुम, बनौकस m. & f., सेदिवस m,f, En, &c. &c. LESSON XXVIII. ON THE POTENTIAL MOOD. Terminations. PARASMAIPADA. Dual 1st pers. 2nd pers. 3rd pers. Singular ईयम ईस इत् Plural ईम ईत ईयुस् इतम् ईताम ATHAXEPADA. 1st pers. 2nd pers. 3rd pers. * Singular Dual Plural विहि ईमाह ईथा ईयाथाम इंध्वम् ईत ईयाताम् । The conjugational signs must be added on to the roots before the terminations of the Potential. * These terminations are the same as those of the Imperfect with the following exceptions and modifications. The Parasm. 3rd pers. plur. mination H instead of 377 and those of the Âtni. 3rd pers plur, 1st pers sing, and 3rd afid end pers duals are रन्, अ, आताम, and आथाम respectively insbaad of अन्त, इ, इताम, and इयाम. To these terminations is to be prefixed when they, begin with a consonant and इय when they begin with a vowel. .

·IIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. 97 . PARASHAIPAPA. JUps. l pois. id pels Singular Dual Phual वसयम वसेव वसेम वसेः वसेतम वसेत वसेत् वसेताम् वसंयु* ÂTMANEPADA. Singular Diul Primul युध्येय युध्यवाहि युध्यमहि युध्येथाः युध्येयाथाम् युध्यध्वम् यध्यंत यध्येयाताम् युध्यरन् The potential expresses (1) probability, commands, prayers, wishes, hopes, Si., and (2) is used in dependont clauses implying these. (3) It is also used in conditional t sentences in which one statement depends on anothcomidas its reason or condition. In these two latter respects it resembles the Englislı subjunctive WORDS. Ishpoots. And pois. 3rd pls. HD अध्वखंद 11. अध्यन् ॥ अपाय m. harm Road, ha m. fatigue; the 376447 past part. pass. fatigue of a journey of भू with आभ, ovel- STTTTTT n pleissing, giv come, overpowered ing clelight to [person fra 1. injury, haru, अपण्डित m. an illiterate damage The potential furns of 37 and 37% are given in the Second Book. † Except pluperfect conditiopalo. 5 ·98 FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT कृप recourse to frarot n. covering, ob- Teata auls. anothers struction पितरौm. dr. of पिट, parents ind. or पुण्य adj. holy 1st conj. Åtm. to be able Tyre 11. 744 alj. STEM 1. f. mean first, previous, chall. Tr 1. singing a good action, a previous TIF 1st conj. Atm. arith, good action 2, to bathe in प्राप्त past part. of आप1th [ with 371, to practisc, 7, arrived at, come to to clo [husband ah ini. out of (used strera m. dir. wife and with the All.) aq Ist conj. larasm. to 15 to resort to, to havo shine, to be lot समिसाj. night भागीरथी / the Ganges afara milj. thursty pfe adj. much prir-a 1. poverty *भोस ind. vocative Tay adlj. poor particle दुर्दशा.. had state HIT 11. silence 4th conj. Parasu. Lo TETT 1. defence act the traitor mt. a rope eft ailj. wise, of forti- 777 1st conj. Åtm. with tude or patience 377, to resort to मीचैराग्य adj. नीचैस वस rith अधि, to sit upon, 3 real t. namne; named to rest upón मीचेस far f. alversity FURIAT F. Full m. jus. farof , a wrong path, tice, far f. court; court evil conduct of justice Farer adj. with the face 9 with fire to result turned away from MTA drops its then followed by a vowel or a soft * colsonaat,

·FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT.
विधमहतोः gen. of विश्राम-समाज m. an assembly
हेतु प., विश्राम m. rest, सुकृत .
हत m. purpose; for the सुचरित.. । a good action
purpose of rest
सुरभि arlj fragrant
शोभन al. good सुवृत्त adj. Virtuous, good
सश्रय m. a resting-place स्मृ with वि to forget
SENTENCES.
विपदाभिभतोऽपि न धर्म त्यजेयम् ।
इच्छामि सोमं पिबेद्भवान् ।
किं भो नृत्यं शिक्षेयोत गानम् ।
भुरिणा प्रयत्लेन तत्त्वमवगच्छेः ।
पुत्राः
सुचरितैः पितरौ प्रीणयेयुः।
ईश्वरस्य पूजया शान्ति विन्देवहि ।
रज्जु सर्प न मन्येध्वम् ।
दुर्दशां गते नरि क्षुद्रोहितमाचरेन् ।
वर्धमानं व्याधि जयन्तं शत्रु च नोपेक्षेत ।
पण्डितानां समाजेऽपण्डिता मौनं भजेयुः ।
कुसुमैः सुरभिणि हय॑ऽध्वखेदं नयेथाः ।
प्रजानामनुरञ्जनाय राजानो यतेरन् ।
सुन्ताय नृपतये प्रजा न द्रुह्येयुः ।
यदि हरिर्वमार्गानिवर्तेत शोभनं भवेत् ।
धर्मेषताः प्रज्ञा हरिं पश्येयुः।
क्सौ मातुराज्ञामनुरुध्येयाथाम् ।

·100
FIRST BOOK OF S.INSKRIT.
धैर्यमवलम्ब्य शत्रुभिः सह युध्येथाः ।
नारायणस्यालस्याहारिन्धं निष्पद्यत ।
शिष्यस्याविनयं गुरुर्न सहेत।
विपत्तौ धीरो न मुद्येद्धर्म वा न परित्यजेत् ।
इच्छामि पुनरपि पुण्यां भागीरथीमवगाहेवहीत्यवदद्राम
सोता।
संश्रयाय पाने मित्रे प्रथमसुकृतानि स्मृत्वा क्षुद्रोऽपि न
विमुखो भवेत्।
तृषिताय जलं यच्छ द्धरेदीनस्य चापदम् ।
नीचैराख्यं गिरिमधिवसेस्तत्र विश्रामहेतोः ।
सूर्ये तपत्यावरणाय दृष्टेः कल्पेत लोकस्य कथं तमिला।
(You two) should wash your hands and fuel when
you return home.
Men should not forget their friends,
If thou wort to taste the fruit of that tree (thou)
wouldst die
The (two) books may be carried in (two) hands.
(You two) should learn Nyaya from (your) teacher.
Let us sit here in (the) shade of (a) tree.
Kings should protect their subjects from larm.
Let us worship God with a pure hear't.
(Thou) shouldst give money to poor persons,
You should not err in [from] (your) duties.
Men should not become agitated without cause.
No man shall covet another's wealth.
* preceded by any of the vist four letters of a class is
changed to the fourth letter of that class optioually.

·FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT,
101
Thai King or cred that the two) rogues should be
beaten.
,711) should obtain fame if (we) died in defence of
our country.
Witnesses shall always tell the truth in courts of
justice.
If (I) go to Kisi (I) will bring many Sanskrit books.
If (you) were to tell a lie (you) would be beaten
hy (your) masters.
(The) King led his soldiers out of (the) (ity that (he)
might fight with (his) enemy.
(1) should be punished by (my) masters if (1)
were seen doing eul (sin).
Would (the) poor Brâlimanas got any money if they
should bey through the town?
(1) gave much money to (my) sisters that (my)
parents might be pleased.
A wife and husband should worship Agui every day
in the house,
EXAMINATION,
1. Compare the terminations of the Imperfect
and the Potential.
2. In what senses is the Potential used?
3. When does it drop its ?
1. Give the Potential (all numbers and persons)
of मृ, इंट, मन्त्र with नि, सृज, हु, डी, मृग, स्था, जन्,
act, and pass., mi pass., with 577 act. and pass.,
sy gass., Tact. and pass. &c. &c.

·103 FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. LESSON XXX, PRONOL NS, -सर्व all', तद The chief pronouns in Sanskrit arethat', एतद् 'this', यद् who' or which' (relative), (किम्) cw ho' or 'which' (interrogative), TFA® l'or 'we, 9547 'thou' or 'you', इदम् this,' अदम् this' or that'. 1. The following five terminations are peculiar to pronouns ending in 37; in other respects they are declined like the corresponding nouns Nom. Pl. Dat. Sing. Abl. Sing. स्मात् Gen. Pl. इषाम् Loc. Sing. स्मिन् सर्वः M . Singular Duall Plural Nom. सर्वो सर्वे Acc. सर्वम् सा सर्वान् Instr. सर्वेण सर्वाभ्याम Dat. सर्वस्मै सर्वाभ्याम् सर्वेभ्यः Abl. सर्वस्मात् सर्वाभ्याम् Gen. सर्वस्य सर्वयोः सर्वेषाम् Loc. सर्वस्मिन् सर्वयोः सर्वेषु 2. Pronouns of the feminine gender ending in 71 take the following peculiar terminations, before all of which, except a, the sy is shortened; in other respects they are declined like nouns in or ·TIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. 103 Dat. Sing. म्यै Abl. Sing. स्यात् Gen. Sing. स्यात Cen. Pl. साम Loc. Simg. स्याम Singular Dual Plural Nom. सर्वा सर्व सर्वाः Acc. सर्वाम सर्व सर्वाः Justu. सर्वया सर्वाभ्याम् सर्वाभिः Dat. सर्वस्यै सर्वाभ्याम् सर्वाभ्यः Abl. सर्वस्या सर्वाभ्याम सर्वाभ्यः Gen. सर्वस्याः सर्बयोः सर्वासाम Loc. सर्वस्याम सर्वयोः सर्वास Text. Nom. cc Acc. सर्वम सर्वे सर्वाणि ॐ. तद्, एतद्, यद्, and किम in the masculine gender are declined as if they were a Va, a, and at, l'e. spectively, ie, pronouns ending in अ. The nom. Sing. forms of तद् and एतद्, howHI (', are सः* and TT: respectively. 4. In the feminine gender these pronouns are de lined as if they were ता, एता, या, and का,i, entling in sr. The nominative singulars of the first two are सा and एषा respectively. Singular Dual Plural तानि Neuter Nom. एतद् एते एतानि and Acc. यद् यानि किम के কানি * स and एष dhoy the final c on visarga when followed by a consonant in a sentence, स पुरुष, &c.

·104 FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT, 1 5. Ta is used optionally for pa in the accusato the instrumental smgular, and genitive and locatio clual in the three genders. VASCULINE. Acc. एतम् or एनम एतौ orएनौ एताना एनान Instr. Sing एतेन 01 एनेन (ien Loc. Du. Çaat: or TTTTT: FEMININE. Acc. एताम् or एनाम् एते or एने एता: 0 एना Instr. Sing एतया 01 एनया Cien, & Loc. Du, aut: or TATTO Neut. Acc. एतद् or एनद् एते । एने एतानि OP एनानि WORDS. stregas adj. all, whole 1779 adj. handsome 23.1. a forest f. name of a goaldess आत्मज m. a son Tm country Se adj. wished, desired Az 107h conj. Paraw. & Topper m. name of a great Atm. to act as in a Sangre dramatic play Tag7 11. gold. [ family Fura aulj, well-versed insta ailj. born of a good ga pust. part. pass. of q, गुणज्ञ ail) गुण merit, and purified, holy it to know, one who ap- 4977 mulj. joined with preciates merit TATT 11. Allahabad # 1st conj. Parasmn. to sing arraqudj. a metaphysical Pin theft philosopher; one knowfaT money given to ing the Brahma Brahmanas ·FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. 105 हिषासुर m. an evil spirit वित्त n. wealth m whe form of a buffalo श्रुतिमत्adj. one who knows मेदिनी f. the earth the Vedas SENTENCES. । कोऽत्रागतः। तस्मै नम ईश्वराय । कस्यैतानि पुस्तकानि । तेषु तेषु शास्त्रेषु निष्णातैः कस्याः पुत्रा एते । द्वयामि । पण्डितैः सह राजाऽभाष- यं पुरुषं ह्योऽपश्यं तमेवा- कयोस्ते वाससी । ति। सा बाला न *किंचिदवदत् । ययात्मानं पूतं मन्यते वसि- तेभ्यो ब्राह्मणेभ्यो दक्षिणाम ष्टस्तामरुन्धती वन्दस्व। यच्छम् । सर्वासु कलासु प्रावीण्यमुप- कस्मान गराइत आगतः। गतो राजपुत्रः एतेषां यद्यदिष्टं तत्तक्रिय- यया महिषासुरो हतस्तस्यै ताम्। दुर्गायै नमः। याः कथाः पुराणेषु श्रूयन्ते ता ते नद्यौ प्रयाग संगच्छेते । एवैते नाटयन्ति । याभ्यां चौर्यं कृतं तौ पुरुषो स एवैष प्रदेशो मस्मिन् प्रि- राजाऽदण्डयत् । यया सह चिरमवसम् । एतस्यामटव्यां पुरा ब्रह्मविदो येनैतदखिलं जगनिरमीयत मुनयो न्यवसन् । * The addition of fra tu Ferit in all its genders gives it an किंचित 'something' or anything', कश्चित् 'someborly,' &c. † See rule, page 53, footnotc. indefinite sense%B ·100 FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. मदिन्युत्खाता ये च कपि-| यासां विवाहाः स्वपुत्रैः सर लस्य कोपेन दग्धास्तान समजायन्त ताभिर्जनक- सगरस्यात्मजान भगीर- स्य कन्याभिः प्रपन्नोराज, थोगङ्गाया जलेनोदधरत। दशरथोऽयोध्यामगच्छत्। पस्यास्ति वित्तं स नरः कुलीनः स पण्डितः स श्रुतिमान् गुणज्ञः । स एव वक्ता स च दर्शनीय. म गुणाः काञ्चनमाश्रयन्ते ॥ Who are these? Where are the men that What is their avocation? have come from those Kho is Hari's daughter. villages ? What is her name? They come from that coun. To whom did Rama say try of which sûdraka so? is the king. He is Govinda's brother. The queen directed those 1 went to school with him. of her maids who were He saw Narayana play- near(in proximity with) ing with those boys. her to bring flowers for Which of his friends docs her. he remember? In this house did the king There are fishes in that of the Alaharashtriyas rivcr. live. He is followed ly licr. Which of those girls sing? EXAMINATION. -1. In what respects doos ühe Pronominal, de. clension differ from the Nominal ?

·FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. 107 2. Do the crude forms of Pronouns (Demonsli stive, Relative, and Interrogative) end in vowels or consonants? Does their declension resemble that of nouns ending in a vowel or in a consonant? 33. How is the visarga of #: and To: treated in combination in a sentence? 4. Decline यद् m.,., &n., तदm, J., EN., किम ॥, Jr., एतद् n.. J., Kn. LESSON XXX. PROYouNS OF TIIE 1ST AND AND PERSoys. (अस्मद 1 or 20t). Nom. Aes. Jnstr. Dat. All. Gen. Loc. Singular Dual Plural अहम সাদাম वयम् माम् or मा आवाम or नौ अस्मान् or नः मया आवाभ्याम् अस्माभिः मह्यम् or मे आवाभ्याम् or नौ अस्मभ्यम् or नः मत् आवाभ्याम् अस्मत् मम or मे आवयोः or नौ अस्माकम् or नः मयि आवयोः अस्मासु TGF (Tluu or you). युवाम यूयम स्वाम or वा युवाम् or वाम युष्मान् or वः स्वया युवाभ्याम् युष्माभिः तुभ्यम् or ते युवाभ्याम् or वाम युष्मभ्यम् or वः खत् युवाभ्याम् युष्मत् तव or ते युवयोः or वाम युष्माकम् or : त्वयि युवयोः युष्मासु Nom. Acc. Instr. Dat. Abl. Gon. Loc.

·108 FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. WORDS. ands. अपराधलव m. aदासजन m. a man|मेघजाल 2. small fault who is a slave semblage of अब 1st conj. Pa- दैव n. fortune clouds. rasm. to protect नन्दिनी.f. girl लव m. a particle अविश्वास्य adj निरस्त adj, scat वियोग m. sopald faithless tered (less tion आर्याf a lenera- निष्फल adj. fruit शिव n. relfar', ble woman पार 10th conj. happiness काल m. time Parasm. &Âtm araa n. the sun ty with acc. siny. to surmount Arreta m. a uit of शरण or वश प्रतनु adj. little, prefixed to it, small सोमवासर m. Monto submit भूतार्थ m. reality day अट . con- मानिनी/ a proud qucror Dess a Woman SCATLACLS. नाहमपराधी। मद्यं धनं न यच्छसि । रघुनाथः स्निपत्यावयोः। शिवो वः शिवाय भवतु । कुत्रास्ति मे पुत्रकः। बालकौ युवयोः पिता का- भगवति त्वामहं वन्दे । मास्मानवधीरय। पृथिवीं रक्षत्सु युष्मासु कुतो विष्णुर्वोऽवतु । [मि। नो भयम् । त्वया सहोपवनं गन्तुमिच्छा- युष्मदभिगतां वार्ती सर्वेभ्यः आर्ये कथयामि ते भूतार्थम्।। शंसामि ।

·FIRST BOOK OF SISSKRIT. 109 नस्य पीडां हर्तुमस्माभिश्वि-| तव सुचरितं ममेव प्रतनु न्तित उपायो निष्फलो- यतो न दीर्घ कालमावां ऽभवत् । सुखमन्वभवाव । मरुता मेघजालमिव देवेनास्माकं सर्व मनोरथा निरस्ताः। *कमपराधलवं मयि पश्यसि त्यजसि मानिनि दासजनं तेषां वधूम्त्वमसि नन्दिनि पार्थिवानां [यतः। येषां कुलेषु संविता च गुरुवयं च । was were or- Thou art a wise man. Do not be sorry at a sco Dost thou suspect me to paration from us. be a faithless person? By thy favour we sur- Who was your guide mounted all perils. when you ascended the I remember what mountain ? done liy you at the time. Who toll thee this story? The witnesses My father went to Käsi. dered by me to come and when he retured on Monday. he brought many books, I gave you heaps of corn and gave them to me. when you came what happened house. there. Thou being defeated, thy where mny soldiers submitted to the conqueror. Amongst us, Hari is the best. to my Tell us I asked you book was. Said by a husband to his wife. Said to Sitä hy Vasislitha, who was the preceptor or chaplain of the solar race of kings, to which Rama belonged, ·110 FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. LESSON XXXI. अदस That or This and इदम This. MASCULINE. Dual Plural *अमू अमू Nom. Acc. Instr. Dat. All. (ren. Loc. Singular असो अमुम अमुना अमुष्मै अमुष्मात् अमुष्य अमुष्मिन् अमूभ्याम् अमूभ्याम् अमूभ्याम् अमुयोः अमुयोः अमी अमून् अमीभिः अमीभ्यः अमीभ्यः अमीषाम अमीषु FEMININE. Nom. Acc. Instr. Dat. Al. (Gen. Loc. असो अमूम अमुया अमुष्यै अमुष्याः अमुष्या अमुष्याम अमू अमू अमूभ्याम् अमूभ्याम् अमूभ्याम् अमुयोः अमुयो अमूः अमूः अमूभिः अमूभ्यः अमूभ्यः अमूषाम अमूषु * Short way of learning the forms of 37 -Suppose the vrord अदस to be अE, masculine, anal decline it like सर्व, and for in cach form put 7, and for the vowel following, if it lie short, put 3, if long, 5; for " in the paural put $, and you will get the forms given in the text. The forms of the Insti. sing. and pl are to be taken as अपना and अदेभि. and not अन and अदै'. The rule of the change of a to r given in a forniser note should be applied. The same may be done with regard to the feminine forms, HET being declined like TT.

·FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. 111 NECTER. Singular Dual Plural अदः अमूनि Nom. and Acc. अम The rost like the Masculine. इदम् This. MASCULINE. Singular Dual Plurub Nom. Acc. Instr. अयम् इमम् अनेन अस्मै इमे इमान् एभिः Dat. इमो आभ्याम् आभ्याम् आभ्याम् अनयोः अनयोः Abl. अस्मात् एभ्यः एभ्यः एषाम् Gen. अस्य : Loc. अस्मिन् FEMININE. इमाः इमाः आभिः आभ्यः आभ्यः Nom. इयम् इमे Acc. इमाम इमे Instr. अनया आभ्याम Vat. अस्यै आभ्याम All. अस्याः आभ्याम Gen. अस्याः अनयः Loe. अस्याम् भनयोः ER. Nom. and Acc. इदम इमे The rest like the Masculine. आसाम आसु - इमानि ·112 FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT. मधुकर m. a bee a WORDS. STEET ind. or foarhaft f. fgar belovca, अवधारणा/ repulsion and Tof intelligence; 346 adj. ready, prepared intelligence about one's 3raft f. name of a celes beloved tial woman fifa adj. f. timid Et m. fa poet, FT HETref H. a inistress; it lord; the lord of poets, woman with fascinating the chief of poets cyes faring ind, verily TATTET 1. Jatâyu, the 177* allj. great lord of vultures FAITE 22. bow or of area adj. sorry, sad, af creepers flicted Tad. one whose form HETE 978. a species of pine is clegant; landsome, 994 aulu. soon, quickly beautiful Tina adlj. g7 son, and TETT f. a wife, mato a madr, made a son, are m. habitation (fence adopted farga adj. disliked, n. ofgt: ind, adv. before (space) atfer f. a road go tha adj. having TT 17. Siva Fracca n. temple of siva TTT 11. source संगमोत्सुक adj. enger प्रसन्न adj pleased foretat atij. f. beloved, antz 11. a kind of bird dearest flowers or 11011 ETTER He a je wananiongst women * The penultimate 37 of this is lengthened and prefixel to the final in the first five inflections. In composition ft generally becomes महा.

·FIRST BOOK OF SAXSKRIT. 113 * इमं सारङ्गं प्रियाप्रवृत्तयेऽभ्यर्थये । । अयं स ते तिष्टति संगमोत्सुको विशङ्क से भीरु यतोऽवधीरणाम् । 1 अमुं पुरः पश्यसि देवदारु पुत्रोकृतोऽसौ वृषभध्वजेन । 'स्त्रीरत्नेषु ममोर्वशी प्रियतमा यथे तवेयं वशा । मधुकर मदिराक्ष्याः शंस तस्याः प्रवृत्ति वरतनुरथवासौ नैव वृष्टा त्वया मे । * हंस प्रयच्छ मे कान्तां गतिरस्यास्त्वया हृता । अस्मिन्नेव लतागृहे त्वमभवः । अस्यैवासीन् महति शिखरे गृध्रराजस्य वासः। मनोहरा अमी वृक्षा दृश्यन्ते पुप्पधारिणः । अगच्छदमुया वीथ्या दास्य द्रुतमानय । कृतं किमेभिस्तव विप्रियं य- दनिष्टमेषामसि कर्तुमुद्यतः। पादानमीषां प्रणतो यतोऽसौ * The sentepecs mai kel with an astuusk are spoken liy a hing who, wlule enjoying the company of his beloved wie in i giovc', suddenly lunes her by some miraculous occurence, anel wanders about #shiny bus and beasts whether they can sive him any intelligence about her The second peech bearing this mark is addressed to an elepliant + Suid by a loves to a nu u ho Was afrau wf meeting with ilepulse at his hand- Sail hy one to another,bout a tree wlueli ma a great Falunite with Savr.

·114 FIRST BOOK OF SAXSKRIT भद्रं ततोऽमीभिरमुप्य कार्यम् । पुर्या पुराऽस्यां किल कालिदासो नाम्नाभवद्योन्यवसत्कवीशः । यदि प्रसन्ना भगवतीमं वरं याचे । अस्मॅिल्लोके यत्क्रियतेतस्य फलममुष्मॅिल्लोकेऽनुभूयते। एभिर्वचोभिः सान्त्वय मे दुःखितां भार्याम् । हे सीते पुत्राविमौ ते । This is my look. I beat a thief with these These men rejoice at their sticks. king's victory. I saw these women in the Tliese girls learn to dine temple of Siva. (clancing) The sources of these There are many learned in the men in these ullages. Himalaya I do not see with these give some sweetmeat to eyes. Flveer these boys, and to those There is a monkry on this girls. There is much water in I saw a tiger coming down these rivers. from the top of that From these mountains mountain, many stones have fallen. DIVCI'S ale EXAMINATION. 1. Which of the pronouns is or are the most irregular? A dental consonant followed by c is changed to ल, and नू to a vasul, which is written as in the text.

·FIRST BOOR OF SANSKRIT.
115
and युष्मद्.
2 Decline भस् m. f., ..., इदम् m. J., dn.,
अस्म
3. Explain the shortest way of arriving at the
forms of अदत.
4. Decline महम् .
5. Whate change do dentals
compounded with the following it?
ndergo when
LESSON XXXII.
SELECTIONS FOR EXERCISE.
विद्वत्त्वं च नृपत्वं च नैव तुल्यं कदाचन ।
स्वदेशे पूज्यते राजा विद्वान सर्वत्र पूज्यते ॥
वरमको गुणी पुत्रो न च मूर्खशतान्यपि ।
एकश्चन्द्रस्तमो हन्ति न च तारागणोऽपि च ॥
एकेनापि सुवृक्षण पुष्पितेन सुगन्धिना ।
वासितं तदनं सर्व सुपुत्रेण कुलं यथा ॥
उत्सवे व्यसने चैव दुर्भिक्षे शत्रुविग्रहे ।
राजद्वारे श्मशाने च यस्तिष्ठति स बान्धवः ॥
दुर्जनः प्रियवादी च नैतविश्वासकारणम् ।
मधु तिष्ठति जिह्वाग्रे हृदये तु हलाहलम् ॥
दुर्जनः परिहर्तव्यो विद्ययालंकृतोऽपि सन् ।
मणिना भूषितः सर्पः किमसौ न भयंकरः ॥
एक is a pronoun, and should be declined hke सर्व

·116
FIRST BOOK OF SANSKRIT,
कुलीनैः सह संपर्क पण्डितैः सह भित्रताम् ।
ज्ञातिभिश्च समं मेलं कुर्वाणो न विनश्यति ।।
यो ध्रुवाणि परित्यज्य अध्रुवं परिषेवते ।
ध्रुवाणि तस्य नश्यन्ति अध्रुवं नष्टमेव च ।।
पादपानां भयं वातः पद्मानां शिशिरो भयम् ।
पर्वतानां भयं वजः साधूनां दुर्जनो भयम् ॥
तस्मात्स्वविषये रक्षा कर्तव्या भूतिमिच्छता ।
यज्ञैर्नावाप्यते स्वर्गो रक्षणालाप्यते यथा ॥
यथा फलानां पकानां नान्यत्र पतनाद्भयम् ।
एवं नरस्य जातस्य नान्यत्र मरणाद्भयम् ॥
न भीतो मरणादस्मि केवलं दृषितं यशः।
विशुद्धस्य हि मे मृत्युः पुत्रजन्मसमः किल ।
अपापानां कुले जाते मयि पापं न विद्यते ।
यदि संभाव्यते पापमपापेन च किं नया ॥
अर्थमनर्थ भावय नित्यं नास्ति तत: सूखलेश: सत्यम्
पुत्रादपि धनभाजां भीतिः सर्वत्रैषः विहिता रीतिः ॥
का तव कान्ता कस्ते पुत्रः संसारोऽयमतीव विचित्र::
कस्य त्वं वा कुत आयातस्तत्त्वं चिन्तय तदिदं भ्रातः॥
शत्रौ मित्रे पुत्रे बन्धौ मा कुरु यत्न विग्रहसंधौ ।
भव समचित्तःसर्वत्र त्वं वाञ्छस्यचिरायदि सतत्त्वम् ।

·FIRST BOOK OF ISKRIT. 117 महता पुण्यपण्येन क्रीतेयं कायनौ स्त्वया । पारं दु:खोदधेर्गन्तुं तर यावन्न भिद्यते ॥ धैर्य यस्य पिता क्षमा च जननी शान्तिश्विरं गेहिनी सत्यं सूनुरयं दया च भगिनी भ्राता मनःसंयमः। शय्या भुमितलं दिशोऽपि वसनं ज्ञानामृतं भोजन- मेते यस्य कुटुम्बिनो वद सखे कस्माद्भयं योगिनः॥ विपदि धैर्यमथाभ्युदये क्षमा सदसि वाक्पटुता युधि विक्रमः । यशसि चाभिरुचिर्व्यसनं श्रुतौ प्रकृतिसिद्धमिदं हि महात्मनाम् ॥ आलस्यं हि मनुष्याणां शरीरस्थो महारिपुः । नास्त्युद्यमसमो बन्धुः कृत्वा यं नावसोदति ॥ अस्ति ब्रह्मारण्ये कर्परतिलको नाम हस्ती। तमवलोक्य सर्व शृगालाश्चिन्तयन्ति स्म यद्ययं केनाप्युपायेन म्रियते तदास्माकमेतहेहेन मासचतुष्टयस्य भोजनं भविष्यति।तत्रै- केन वृद्धशृगालेन प्रतिज्ञातं मया बुद्धिप्रभावादस्यमरणं सा- धयितव्यम्। अनन्तरंस वञ्चकः कर्परतिलकसमीपं गत्वा साष्टाङ्गपातं प्रणम्यावदहेव दृष्टिप्रसादं कुरु । हस्ती ते This word is declined by simply appending the terminata tions given at the heat of Lesson XXV and observiug the Sundhe rules † The T of this is changed to in the noi, sing , and liefore the consonantal ter minations. The ate is changed to be. tove soft consonants (See notesp. # The decleusion of this world is 111egular, 26).

·116 TIRST BOOR OF S.INSKRI. कस्त्वं कुत: समायातः । सोऽत्रदज्जम्बूकोऽहं सर्वैर्वन- वासिभिः पशुभिर्मिलित्वा भवत्सकाशं प्रस्थापितो यदि- ना राज्ञाऽवस्थातुं न युक्तं तदत्राटवीराज्येऽभिषेक्तुं भवा- न्सर्वस्वामिगुणोपेतो निरूपितस्तद्यथा लग्नवेला न विच- लति तथा कृत्वा सत्वरमागम्यतां देवेन । इत्युक्त्वोत्था- य चलितः। ततोऽसौ राज्यलोभाकृष्टः कर्पूरतिलकः शृगा- लवमना धावन् महापङ्के निमग्नः । ततस्तेन हस्तिनोक्तं सखे शृगाल किमधुना विधेयं पड़े निपतितोऽहं म्रिये परावृत्य पश्याशृगालेन विहस्योक्तं देव मम पुच्छकाव- लम्बनं कृस्वोत्तिष्ट । यन्मवचसि त्वया प्रत्ययः कृतस्त- दनुभूयतामशरणं दुःखम् ।

·GENERAL GLOSSARY. अग्नि m. I. the fatigue of a jourпеу S7778FT adv. after Fant adj. all, whole 3772fm. disadvantage, cul awal. a servant, it 37077 1. inedicine dependant fire अडल भूमि / England 37TTTT 11. pleasing, giv- 37faire inc. adv. soon ing delight to 37 F 11. a goat 5777 11. a falschood, an 37 FNTT . 197oranice untruth, adj. false, un. SY Ist con). Parasm. to true wander, ramble Start ST 1. the apartment 372 f. a forest occupied by women in a 8: allv. hence house offafu m a guest 579 7. fool [place tara ind. adv. yrcatly STT Ind. allv. in another 37 T adv. liere अपण्डित m. an illiterate अथवा ind. or person Hand conj. Parasm.to eat 379741. a fault to adv. to-day अपराधलव m. अपराध .. अधिपति m. master fault, eta 11. a particle ; pyn ini. a.lv. nov a small fault अध्ययन n. study 3797fya adj. guilty, of. 37edfoer adj, dwelt fending 374 adj. uncertain अपाय m. hari 3727 91. 3744 11. a sfq ind. even road, खेद m. fatigue'; अभिधान n. namc ·1:20 per place seon sifatnat past part. 20988.1 tag te wälj. that cannot of भू ?rith अभि, over de transgressert come, overpowered 37fcus m. a bce अभिरुचि.f. liking ST7 Ist con). Parcis m. 1o 377 m. desire. protect shfaq inf.of fazt with HTATZpr. part. of a 1st अभि, to crorn con) Parasm. uithe TT, 3TATA./. not the ground. descending 110t the sulyject or pro- STUTTOTI, I, l'opulsion 377-f. name of a town 37ayat m. risi, pirosperity 577 inil. past part of STATT./. India's capital लोक auth अव, having STATE M. a counsellor अम्बर n. the sky 3F n. 1101 a thing, an SUUTEUTS. name of a city unroul thing TT 11. a forest Tatarina (1. ascribing somethmg that is not 37574at f. name of the reall wife of Vasishtha, a अविश्वास्य adj. faithless STETTU (uj. helpless 57Ef n. materials of wor-37347 11. a stone slip S724 172. a horse 345 in one of the sons 574TFT m. name of a mai of Pandu stud.conj. Purasm.to be 3TŲ 10th conj. Atm. rrill she 4the conj, Purusn. to , to request throw अर्थ n. wealth STEETT 11. a lie, a falsehood 1st conj. Parasm. to 3rf 11. a sword deserve असुर m. a demon, the STTTT 116. an ornament enemics of gods (plur.) अरि m. an enemy great Sago 37T 16 a tcar ·21 अत्र Weron 11211 chi per conduct 111&lier miraculous trii la 1 (nerable womai [damage SETT 11. covering, ob. 3rfa 1. injury, harm, struction 3TT. 91534 m. a hermitage 3777T 113. 13. the sky STATT 1. a seat आइलभौम m. an English- आलादक adi. delighting 3, 311777 11. conduct, pro eur.f. wis) Fainul. so, tlus ar m. prerepel, ULUI Fiera inil adr. in this STIFTT/ a command 37rCAT m. it soll आत्मजा./. a daughter 1. moon 5. 111. god of thunder STTATT , soul, sef 5 - Toft f.the wife of Indra 3TTET m. respect आदेश m command Talv, like, as भाध्यान n. meditation TA (585]6th conj. Parasm. to wish Stra to obtain, with 3777 and rrith , to obtam, 9 m. an arrow to reach; arith Ft, to Te past pass. part. of 3& wished, desired 3197 f adversity Set 1st conj. Åt1. to see; prill 379, to expect, rith आम्र n. a mango 7,to see,rrith off, to exafrican adj. long-lived TITm. Deginnnig, perforinine, irith 34,to neglect ईश्वर m. (Hod HUTU M. usuribing Atrof m. a respectable per 37 past pass.part.of 77, son, name of the remote spoken, spoken to estava of the Hmus sving oth conj. Puruism. to gleau COVOT Niance ·tial woman stood up fulness, energy 125 m, a hut 35511 f. rame of a celes- Ja ind, or goera past pass. part. of खन् witle उद्, dug Feq qof m. name of a king JEYT ind. past part. of Feret m. a saye Fear with 3€, having 5775 m. name of the son-in-law of my and उत्सङ्गवर्तिन adj. ( उत्सङ्ग brother-in-law of TTH m. lap) resting on the lap TF P011, one JEHT 1. a festive occasion Ta inil. adv. only JETZ 1. happiness, cheer- Tini. adv. thus ओ. 3 1. water Jer m. the ocean Siant nn. cooked rice उद्यत rast part. of यम with 39, ready, prepared 5 fara m. an attendant 39 m.exertion, industry on the womens apart. ments JUadj. 9. 11. F# like, like exertion 7 m. neck JOTT N. a garden [tion FCU 1st. conj. Âlm. to yatim. application, exerpraise, 'o flatter u 10th conj. to tell 1971 m. doing good #47 ind. adv. in what to another, obligation, manner' benefiting another कथाf a story STT 118. advice, counsel 77 a úv. when? 397* n. a garden after adj. 11. 11. ypunga! ITET 1. a present FFUT J. a daughter, a girl उपानह / a shoe 7792 12. fraud, deceit उपाय . u remedy Fifo m. a monkey [saye TIT m. à taunt oftes m. name of a great ·123 be angry कपाल m. check Fanft m. a boar herf. a braid of hair fahrt ind, a.lv. verily Tlst con). Atm. to shake 177 m. name of the TT 1. a lotus commander-in-chief of C m. the hand [ear King Virata chr of m. name of a hero, the fa f. fame chirieztailj.m.41. what should I n. a family man be done foza past pass. part. of cho ali.m. 1. doer, author Foz, hampered, im- कर्परतिलक . name of an peded clephant ; Anta a adv. whence? near Karp. 7 ailv, where? कर्मन् ॥. action hq 41h conj. Paratsu, to Mm. a stain, a spot कला/ an art कुमारी./. a virgin Trifas m. a strife, a quarrel **Fire 11. a potter Fit TTT 18. welfare, good en m. name of a country ifa m. a poet (in the plural) tay m. pra poet, ata pr. part. Puroem. of in. loril; the lord of to do, doing poets, the chief of poets afor pr. part. Åtm. of ki, #157 n. goli Luife doing Fitrat. f. a female beloved, posto adj. 11. 18. horn of a at fra f. splendour, light good family (well Forfatt m. nane of a month atlasa adj. 11. 11. lapry, काल m. time [to shine 4th conj. Parusm. #T=T let conj. Åtm. with , embrace ATE 11. wood E 11. a flower FTTT m. a lake ThaiT 118. a servallt ** n. a tortoise [thorize for alle. but F to do; with ffy, to auto 09 11. a well ·11'1 to waste away Âtm, to plough a. Atm. to dig mia past pas part of i, for (Ho) la conj. Parasit. made, done कृति.f. action Fary 6th conj. Purusi. 191.f. favour Atm. to throw he ist conj. Parasm. or adj 17. n. nican 6th conj. Parasu. & py 4th conj. f'arasm. to be agitated. hofters m. a husbandman taomfaail). I. 1. going shoot in name of a person to a holy place 1st conj. Åtm. to be able 9 alj. m n only काश m. a treasure 55 in a lame nan कौमुदी / moonlight 5 m. a sword Tas n. skill, proficiency ga 1st conj. Parasm. el FITIERT f. name of a Ta n. a spade miratai m. a descendant elas 12. a villain [play. its Ist conj. Parasm. to 157 f. sport, play tyr f. the (anges mitat past pass. part, of sit, ega pr. part. of IT4 Ist hought conj. Parasm.to go,going 4th conj. Parasm. to 751 1. an elephant in m anger TT 10th c0*). to count, two miles to reckou, to consider er m. pain, distress ta past part, of 74, yone mind. adv. where ?[give otra f. mode of walking, 877 1st conj. Åtm. to for going ETAT f. forgiveness The adj. 111. 17. goer () 10th conj. to FH (37E7] Ist conj. Por wash off rasm. to go ; with prip, town of कुश [be angry क्रोश..

·123 घृत ॥ ghee 10 obtaiu; vridh 377, to TF 11. a house gooftor, follow : rrith itfait ). wife 379, to know; with fat, # lst conj. Parasm. to sing to depart; uth acc. sing. TIT 1. famıly, race of TTT or TT pretixed remart f. name of a river to it, to submit ; with TTT m. a herdsman Àtm., do join, to go fre 11. 11. a cowpen or flow together Fait m. å work, book THT 1. departuro 914 in a village tai ailj. 11. n. censuralle T167 16. summer Tai Ist conj. Parasm. to T. drop TT 1. a jar TF 1st conj. Åtm with घुष 10th conj. to proclaim , to swaggel TIT il, singing TIF 1st conj. Åtm. with 37, to bathe in qind, and rua 11. a songster चकोर m. a species of bird ryfe . a mountain (virtue ex n. the eye गुण m. merit quality, og adj. m. n. hot, fierce गुणज्ञ adj. m. n. गुण ment, चन्द्र m. the moon and I to know, one TT 1st conj. Parasm. to who appreciates merit go, to walk; with 31, to taul).m.n. iferitorious practise, to do Trota adj.m.», meritorious fra 11. the manner of TUTT I. Jatayu, the leading life king of vultures, who a n. leather was friend to Râma's 1st con). Parasm. to father; the lord of vulo go, to move, to go astray, furos 7 n. a wheel TIGT 17. a song to go wrong ·120 name of a चातुर्य n. skill tra . n jarkal 919 m. a lov Fea pr. part. of fq, 1st fub m. conj. Parasm. to conmountain quor, conquering son FIT n. mind jer m. name of Indra's Fra 10th conj. to conten- FTTE 13. an old man plate Ter f. old age frar f. anxiety TT 11, water Farana prast pass, part. of steg 1st«conj. Parasm, to चिन्त, thought prattlo farq adı, long (time) IT (TTT) 10th conj. to जात past part. of जन्, pron steal duced, resulted चोदयत् ". part. of चुद् sirfa f. caste, kind 10th conj. to drive, JATE 11. son-in-law drying Stargar in. dil. wife and चार्य n. theft husband [conquer fs 1st conj. Parasm. to fit with fą Åtm. to conquer छन्दस् n. Veda, a metre जिह्वा /. the tongue छाया./. shade जिह्वाय १. जिह्वा tongue, 379 n. the tip; the tip F n. the world of the tongue Tiene u. Creator of the stof past part. of T, world [live 7 (TT) 4th conj. Atm. to 31t7 ls' conj. Parasin, to be produced, to result m. life, an animal 77 m. people, a person जीवित n. life To m. father; father of Fra aulj m. n, a conqueror Sitâng wife of Rama जा to know जननी f. mother yra n. a relation 5. Wort out, old.

·1:7 AraIT 17. 9.9. know. ara n. the palate Traddye, अमृत n. nectar', तिल n. sesamum knowledgo resembling att n. bank nectar te 6th conj. Parasm. S Ferar ail). m. 11. older Âum, to inflict pari on FAC, f. moonlight The laten) 10th cow), to weigh डिम्भ n. a child Tre adj. m. 1. cqual 34 lit conj. Åtma to fly ga 1th conj. Parasm. to be 77. pleased or satisfied 73 (arz)10th conj. to beat Tun grass STT m, a tank afar milj. thirsty तण्डुल m. c a lot conj. Parasm. to 79: ind. auto theme (l'Oss, to surmount, with und av there 377, to descend 77* 11. reality, truth a TF n. light, heat Hyr ini, aili, in that can I lot con). Parum. to abandon Erin, aile. then CUTIT m. leaving [gods TU M. son Fathem, the architect of the ay løt conj. Pgrasm. to shine, to be hot दक्षिणा./. money given to तपस् 1. religious austerity Brâhmanas CHR n. darkness Cos 10th conj. to punish afhar f. night 05 11. a stick 7 m. a tree 31.1. name of a forest afuta adj. 11. 11. sat Trata allj.nn.n. hanılsome crta n. a star ETTY M. the name of a arttitor m. art f. a star, king, the father of the form. a crowd or clus.. heio Rama [Luin for; a cluster of star 5 lst conj. Parasm. to manner .

·I'S to 2 polluted of seeing et (ft in passine) to give se pare pamat. of 941cconj, ET [zez] Ist conj. Parasm. Parasm. wicked F give; with sqfa, to ex- fra f. daughter change a 18. a messenger raad). m. 11. giver, door forat past pass. part. of arfia a poverty [to sen THF17 11. T# 112 a slave, TT (974) 1st conj.Parasın. Itt m. a person; a man ef. a stone who is a slave Te puest proas part of a areft.f. a maid दृष्टिप्रसाद m. दृष्टि i. seeing, दिवौकस m. a god TFT 1. favour: favour दिश् J. direction feat oth con. Parasm. c (TTT) 10th conj. to teai Àtm. to show; rrith HT, Ear f. deity to command, with 59,97 m. name of a person to teach, aduse TIE I. a species of pine Ta ail). poor if a woman of distinc- दीप ma lamp tion, a goddless E ail). in n. long m. husband's brother 5:21. misery (afflicted *** m. country aren ail). 13. 1. sorry, sad, ag n body दुःखोदधि 1. दुःख ॥. sorrow दैन्य u. meanness gefy m. Ocran; occan n. fortune of sorrow or pallll ya 1st coni. Atm. toshine TTT 1. bad conduct द्रव्य" money GT 1, ditficulty Em, seer, al). on TT.f. name of a goddess Tlst conj. Parası to दुर्जन 91% a wicked person water, to be wet, to melt great f. bac state [famine gramat 11. scarcity, deartlı, 4 adr. soon, quickly Garek m. name of a sage 4th com. Parasmi to दुष्कृति f. wickedl action act the traitor 72. with pity ·tuntut Yllo a bow Taht name of a touni IT allj. 11. 11. certain atq m. . an island, a con- af m. sound LH 1st conj. Åtm.to perish de m. hater, adj. m. I. oud. not 497 11. wealth [Kubera Taherf never 4791 m. god of wealth, 70 n. a nail YAITFT ad). m. 11.1: pos- FTT 1. a town sessor of wealth (17. 11. | नगरी / a town ufata m. a rich man, ad, Tét f. an actress 7? . a uver 7 m. duty, virtue 1. f. a river ya m the Creator 791FT./. husband's sister FJ 11. corn Afret 1. a girl धार्तराष्ट्र m. son of धृतराष्ट्र नम् m. grandsom ETZ 1st conj. Parasm. to 727 n. the sky 77 1st conj. Parasm. to franil.sensible, talented bow to, to salute 18 arith 377 10th conj. to TFF mnd, low! नयन 1. eye disregard, to despise TT m. a man ett ad).m.9. wise, of fortipas mn. name of a king tude or patienee; m. a 77 allj. m. n. new bold or wise man 777 4th conj. Parasm. to E m. the god siva perish ished 10th conj. to hold, to he past part. of 731, perowe, to wear art m an elephant y lst conj. Parasi & 10th conj. to act as in a dramatic play to release, to lift up OTTH nl. adr. hy name', namely f. a cow FTTH n. name l'un Àtm. with 3€, to sale', धृषि f. courage ·1.0 T71. mall ATIT on. name of a Hea- Foto past part of far verly Rishi Pnel conj. th far, well. नारायण m. name of a man versed Tift f. a woman f767 allj. 913. n fruitless নাবিঙ্গ m. a. ১ailor of 1st ron). Parasm. 6 नाश m. ruin Âu, to lead or call'y; fazla aill. always with 371, to bring; with fitfu 11. a store ſto censuri qff, to marry; with T. fare Ist conj. Parasu. to compose, write fatat f. censure नीचैराख्य adj. नीत्रैस. आ- Fargo adj. 11, 7. proficient Tetr name; jame निमन past part. of मस्ज नीचेस with fr. plunged in, affa.f. politics immersed [ilance for Tray past pass. part. of Ta 11), conj. Parrism. to HTH 4th ronj. to throw Frog 13. dancing, dance scattered 19 m. a king fra past pacs. part. of नृपति m. a king They wth fat, found out, 792 1. royalty marked out T m. direction Date adj. m. n. wicked faria past pass. part.of Al T* 11. the eye with far to create, crea-sarrera . a follower of tel, constructed, formed, Nyaya made S. a ship', a boat, Ftfarfa allj. 1. n. happy tar a boat in the shape FATIT past part, ofta with of the body returned न्याय m. school of philo faut f. night soply मिशाचर m. an evil spirit, न्यायसभा/. न्याय m. jusor wickeel person ticé, Frf. court; court fapori m. a golden coin with fag, of justice ·1.31 5 m. mud 91 m, a beast 9. TTTTF 11. an exploit TÍTOTTA ni. a result TFT m. bird greasy ail). m. 1. what sliould be shunned 97. 1st conj. Parasin. & Àtm. to cook artian past pass part of धाnth परि, worn Traf. name of a place पर्ण 7. leaf qroga I, a'learned man cara m. a mountain qo4 1. prire; goo7 11. religious merit as the aray 11. 18. a small pond, a puddle price [fall TEG , wind 98 1st conj Parasm. to [bolt OTE 11. Indra's thunder- 9717 17. falling qina past part. of ga, 17 ind. adv. afterwards fallen of W. a foot-soldier 959. pres.part. of rat 184 009). Parasm., seeing पत्नी./. wife ar [Fa] 1st conj. Plinin € 4th row. Åtm.vulla to drink, or passite. to be produced, to result, irith fax, to result; पांसु m. dust TE 1. a lesson with ta, to step to- पाठशाला./ a school wards, to do Trio mn. a hand T 1. a lotus aroga m. son of aparga 997 n. water king qu adj. 11. n. another's are m. foot परम adj. m. n. Tery great पादप m. a tree un adj. m.n. dependent qrey m. a traveller TTT m. an axe TETTTA m. a Brâhmana qrq m. a sinner; adj. m.ll. nero who exterminated sinful the warrior caste 975 10th conj. to surmount TTT 2. sin ·1.32 OTT 17. the other bank or ge 4th conj. l'arasm. to side nourish grirana 9. a reward gequrta qilj.m. 11. living पार्थिव m. a king flowers #m.protector:adj.m.n. groga milj. n. 1. flowered igos m. a ball of rice FT 1. a look given to the dead Ta 10th conj. to adore fa7 m. father, dlu. parents Tor.f. worship fou m. paternal uncle FTIPUTT 1. object of wor- 013 10th conj to give ship or reverence pain to Lost past passport. of T, पीडा./. pain purified, holy पुच्छकावलम्बन . पुच्छक पृथ्वी f. the (arth 1. tail, 37 1 hold- qe past pass. part of ing; holding the tail asked gee n. merit. milj. m. n. oft m. au inhalatant of a holy city, a citizen gogna avlj.in. n virtuous, mais m. intensity, greatmeritorious TT I. a son TORTET m. light tion 97751HETA allj. m. 12. like rentar.t. ministry, clisposi. the birth of a son प्रकृतिसिद्ध alj mu.प्रकृति/. पुत्रीकृत adj. पुत्र son, and nature, fa past part of hat made; made a son, AT 1st. 4th conj., adopted rrady; natural I ini aill'. again TEB (TE] 6th conj. P'de TT: ind, ndo, before (space) rasm. to ask; with it gi ind. alt. formerly Atm. to take leave', as gri f. a town at the time of departure 954 m. a man TFT f. subject, progeny प्रच्छ, dless ·lui inction Tot in. a wise man conly with 9, pleased qe adj.m.n.f.little, small TATE m. favour, grace प्रतिकृति f. image or copy प्रस्थापित aly. m. n. Sent afara past pass. part. of 7177.1. the cast FT arithafa, promised, ETT m. an intelligent man vowed arfota m. an animal grate f. the first day of a fra past part of आप limar for night 9, anser at, come to Free m. conviction, belief trato n. proficiency U 10th con. to publish TrHT m. a palace, and as TUA d). m. 2. first #. surface, targa ito प्रथमसुकृत 1. प्रथम first, the upper surface or previous, en n. a good terrace of a palace action, id previous good foet ad). m n. beloved ITTET .f. name of the fr- 797 past part of a 4th male companion of a. conj. with a joined kuntalâ with fognar, f beloved, clearest 777 11. source fruara!) ...sprukmy 781 f. light [much sweetly Tod). m. 27. plentiful, iqtarfece . kindliness TATT.f. a young woman of speech THPT 11. eudence, autho- foartafer.t. foer beloved, rity [Allahabari and gefaf.intelligence; प्रयाग n. Sanskrit name of intelligence about one's maan. inciting, estalı. beloved lishing [11]10th cw.to please farebrast part of farzt with #fa.f. affection, satisfacentered (tly TFT adj. 2.1. praisewor- 1971. n. affection 977 past part, of the 18t que adj m. 1. very deur tion ·DI eater TOT 1017 HEITON. name of a forest ATETT M. a Brâhmang n. a fruit Forfata adj. 1. n. a fruit- 27'28. truse 3rd pris. sing. of 2nd conj., says 4. сопј. to cat FY 117. a relation adj.m.n.divine, piosas n strength perous afs 111. name of a king fitoft f. sister afos m. an oblation (food) witty m. name of a king afe iud. out of (usert of the solar race with the 19.) 15 11. violation, breaking ar ailj. n. 1. t. many FT 1st conj. Parasm. A att m. an anow (lation Àim to worship, to jesort ayat 17.. a brother, a reto, to have recourse to arm. a chuld 15 11. well-being, benefit are m. arm STT m. a cat Tinc ail). 11. 11. causing fam. a drop fear, frightful afe f. talent মনন 1. hous(* FCTTM.m. power: 779 Pron. Vour honour the power of talent भवत्सकाशm.भवत and सका- ay 1st conj. Parasm. I 7 m riunity; to your Å tn. to know or underhonour stand facela :ril pers. sing.fua 11. a wise man ture Ansp of FEAT 11. the Creator: 1. 777tzft f. the Ganges the soul of the universe #TT 9n a burden Na adj.m.17. f. a meta- triff. wife physical philosopher : TT 2nd pers. sing. im! one knowing the Brahma of the causal form of a TT 1. fear ·13 a ât m. to heg HCPT 117. fish feel,make;सभाव्यतं ।१६६. | भोजन ॥. dmet of the causal, appears Yig inil. vocative credible particle Afaanilj.11.11. what is to be Fr 17. l»rother yra ist conj. Åtm. to speak Hra preist puut. of , Le- TFT adın n. Lulliant wildered white भिक्ष ] сон). i mo al borgar भिद to break | HIT . a gº 1 1 FIFA.f. fear, clanger T3TM, a hou er FTH m. name of the second tia f. intellect of the sons of Pandu 1 Fe f. timid RE [7]4th ronj. Para:. lat conj. Para m1 to be, to be mad, to crr to become, with 373, to 11 pride, arrogance, ("perience, wth 35, to intoxication, insolence be produced, to result मदन m. the god of love भूतार्य m. reality AFETT 17. a mistress; a fa f prosperity having fas- 49 2. a king cinating or lovely cyes m. a king Fun. honey faf ground, land, the iT . a luce cartli 10h com. Ali, to thuk, H adj. in very great, to maintain, to regard, greater With 375, to consent to, aft allj. 13. 1. f. much to agree to Toth conj. to adorni मनःसंयम 1. संयम m. re- 1st conj. Paraem. & straint, the restraining Âlm. to fill; forgat pass. of the mind Tout m. a servant मनस् n. the mind Womall ·A3 11. the Hindu legislator | Hraf 10th conj. to seek Art with for 10th conj. Arif 11. a road 4 B. to invite Art.f.a garland, a wreath #r* 11. Vedic lose Aro in. a kind of pulse मयूर m. a peacock ATTEN.ATH m. month, To n. death चतुष्टय a collection of ACT m. wind, a god four, four months, four- Fail;. 11. 11. great fold month HECHT IN. Hz great, a 1977 11. a friend great soul, a magna farf. friendship julious person fofascar ind. past part of Airfry m.frg on an enemy Ars, having joned il great enemy i pust pas part of HÍTHET 11 greatness 52, released, left APEC 917. a buttalo Efti f. absolution AFETET m an cul spirt gran mouth in the form of a butalo 7 (957] 6th conj. HET f a crowned queen Parusan. and Àim. to 77 f. the earth leave or release महोत्सव m. a festival he 1st conj. Åtm. to rejoice AT ini. not (prollibitive) JF 1th conj. Parasm. to be Arith fat, to produce, to silly, lose sense, to faint create', निर्मीयते pass. मूर्ख m. a fool मांस n. flesh मूर्खशन 2. शरा a hundred, ATTTT m. name of an ina hundred fools dividual på f. mit image or idol ATT I. mother adj.m.n.having form ATY 1. sweetness [FR] 6th conj. Àim to ATTATT./. il proud woman die HI 111. wind, or the deity got 1047. conj. Åtm. to seel that presides over it T m. u deer ·1.7 Beg m. Orail Àom to beg या crth come af romj if 7 . a cloud L of clouds 4771, a machine #ESTAS 1. an assemblage 27TH n. fame, glory मदिनी... the earth TTF7a al). m. 11. famous Aura ail) 1.1. talented, ara lsl conj. Parasm. d Dielligent #m union), company याचक. mendicant मंत्रावरुण m. a priest at the यात rast part. of या to Soma sacrifice go Hat m. absolution आ, to HETmn sweetmeat या ॥ith सम् And आ, to ATT 1. silence come, past part.HART ATES. husband's lvrothers य. wife TET m. servant of Kubera arfta 11. a pilgram 001). Purism यावत् und, at, as long as a Àton to worship Iti pasi pass. part. of IFTAT 11. a sacrificer e adj. m u belonging c 1. battle to a sacritice ga 1st conj. Âsim. to strive TJ Ath conj. Åtm to fight ora 11. an ascetic 47 Ind. avh, whenen (12- FITA I. an ascetic latin) 1977 11. cight miles 7 m. effort OTTI a warrior 7 ind. adı, where (oria- 11) Tay 1st conj. Parasm. to Ju ini. aut. in which protect manner (relatur) TETTH. defence Ter ind. adv. when (oria- TETH n. an evil spirit, a Rakshasa यज 1st 57,jomed TYI. war, battle 942, a heid ·1,35 named To Chony of Rama TANT.F. prouection (5 f. a quan Traga past pars. part. of T5a 11. kingdom TET, protected राज्यलोभाकृष्ट adj.m.n.राज्य TTT m. defender, protec royalty, my desire, 971 tor, ailj. 11. 11. ne draun, drawn by m. (in the plural) the the desire of royalty descendants of a king vrtat f. unght TT . name of a person 7 10th conj. io arrange Tarot 11 kmy of Larika Taft f. nghit or Ceylon, the great son f. a ropie THTH n. dust, pollen TFT m. a licap Tía f. pleasure, the wife of Atra.t. mammer, way the god of love Is comj.fm.to pilase, Tan.it jewel to be liker Tem a chariot रुद् to ery 1221.1. a street Fatth conj. Åtm. milk रभ cuit Åtmi, to be 01- अनु, to olhey gaged with st, to begin to lol conj. Parasm. to 57 1st conj. Åtm. to sport, s10w, with STT, to mount to be diverted or ascend TAT IN a luter, husband it mter. O' oh! TAI f. name of a woman रवि m. the sun TF 117. juice FACT m. brother of Rama TTTA M. a wicked person, f..wife of Vishnu; an eul spirit goddess of wealth (TT&TT 16. ape nt. cloor, the ATAT S. a (lucky) condoor of a king i. e. of a juncture king's house patay Ist conj. Ålm. to trans- TFT. M. a king gress to overcome ·139 ጎሪ. Gth conj. Åtm. to feel a f. a young woman, shame daughter-in-law 7 TT f. shame n. a forest AT F. a creeping plant Terra adj.n.n living in लतागृह ॥. a bower of a forest Creepers ca 11!. one lwelling * lst conj. Åtm. to get in a forest ma 1st conj. Åtm. with FFE Istconj. Åtm, to saluto 377, to resort to FETE 1. aye pot f. a woman वयस्य companion, 1. a particle [Râma friend e m. name of a son of 777 dj.m.na f.one whose Tad)salt, 8., 16. form is elegant, handml5 11. the tail some, beautiful लिङ्ग 1. sex [wallow 7TH ade: well 1th con Parasm. to TIF 11. a liog uith & 6th conj. Parasm. Top 10th conj. to extol or to covet, to be fasci. describe nated of m. caste, colour empati m. people, world वर्मन् ॥. a way ripA a. a varice 7 m. a lover, husband व TETT 8. a wife, mate TET m, race TĘ 1st conj. Parasm. to TGTH n. the breast dwell, with Tru, to si वचन . saying upon, to rest upon वचस n. speech वसत् pres. part. of वस् FEDTET m. a cheat Paru811., dwelling, TTCH 110, a child वसति.f. place of residence वद् lst conj. Parasm. to वसन n. cloth speak वसन्त m. spring m, killing Ten, wealth ·.. agam. name of Krishun's Farm ailj.911. 17. curious father variegated 541.1. the earth Fa 11. wealth at n. athing, a real thing ag [fare ] Oth cum) aan. cloth Parasm. Atm. to obtiuni B. 1st conj. Parasm trap 1th conj. Åtm. to 11 Atm. to bear, tiow विद्युत् f. hghtning ar ind. or FRETT 18. learning, learn. वाक्पटुता/पटुता clever1154, dness. cleverness ni speech For adj. 1. 23. learned a1 f. speech fart in fate; a sacred porno ATT f. speech desire cept arry !st conj. Purasin. to finally.m.n. what is to be Erort f. speech done वात ॥ Mind FATTU 11. modesty वातायनn. a window ar ind. without are 10th conj. Atm. with fretf. adversity fy, to salute, to respect 99gj. misery [ottene arft f. a well TITT oud). n. 1. disliked, n. वायस macrow fahri m. a wrong path, eul conc'uct fr 1. water furent adj. 1. 1. with the Trai f. intelligence, news, face turned away from account वियत् ॥. the sky a mhalitation [ rant fait m. separation afha ail.1.1. Inade fray. fatra n. a cry TETT m. name of the god faqe 1. a cave Krishna FETE m. marriage faucify m. Fam. hosti- FT 6th conj. Parasm. to lity, war, erm. peace, enter; with 39, to sit war and peace विशुद्ध past part. of शुरू वायु M. Wind ·111 bure crease Ith conj. l'annom. with Tyrul. alv. in vain ja 2 is conj. Å tm. to in- विश्रामहतोः 1. of विश्राम- FT M., FESTA M. rest, 11. a bullock m. purpose, for the 1994757 m. Sia purpose of rest Et m. Veda (Hindu sacred Fant 1. the universe scriptures) विश्वकर्मन् n. the architect वेधस् M. Bhalumi of the gods वप 1st con) À ill. to tren. Farm.name of a sayo ble, to quake {ilence TATEATTT 1. FTATA IN. arreu 10. rudeness, impu- Delief, FITTT 1. reason, व्यथा/ pain reason for belief GUFT 11 ditticulty, adviet. 179 1. poisou edness to anything विष्णु m. the god Tishu |व्यात्र m. a tiger FETT 1. a bud BureT . a hunter [ease Haren past pas- part. of IT m sickness or dis I mth fa, done, esta alst con. Purusm. to go blished TTFE 1. ncc of various FrT f. a road kuds, or a gram of it Att 11. it warrior T. वृith परि, to surround Th 1st ron). Prasil. to 17 1. a tree praise a la conj Àm. to lie, Toth Istoon. Àlin. with ra, to l'eturn to hope [man Ta with air, to bence bach, Tracer je name of a wo Tract having bent V. Ist ron). Atm. to sus back Twith 7, to set about #t: profession, aloca; 115, a rogue tron pect | शङ्का / doult शत n. a hundred ·गम्बूक SON शुष गुहा. Im all (nelly FETTƏTT 11.12. the cold season ay m. hostility with Tu (n. an infant, a child in enemy F2764 17. a pupul 077 [14]ith roui Parasm. 3ītof n. the head to le calm or tranquil T 116. à parrot name of a per- I lst conj. Par17. lo Dewall TE In the god sila TF lst conj. Atm. to be T m. all arrow splendid, to become, to TEL. the autumn belove शरीर n the holy padj. m n.good, virtuous TFT adj. un 1. Jung in (01). Param. to the body; bodily dry शय्या f. a led a pesson of the Ta n. a dead body lowest Hindu caste Far f. sister of Rama Tv. name of a king pealce [place To M. a jackal at f. an establishment, 1977 milj 91. 9. good शास् to rule 7181.f. beauty शासत pres.part. of शास to टमशान 1. cemetery rule, ruling a burnithg-place TT 1. an order **[7]1th conj.Parasmi. TE N. a science Pater lst conj Åtm. to learn 27T 1 hearing FETETT 11. 11. the top, sum fit lst conj Porasın il mit Åtm. prith 3Tt, to resort शिखरिन m. a mountain to, to depend upo: PETTH n. the head Ha allj. 1.1. prosperous frar.f. a stone 19T m. a proper name PTT 1. Welfare, happiness to hcar fare n. a temple of Sival far f. hearing, llindu allia.f. i to be weary ·ligious looks, the Vedas PTT 1. preparation fa all). 11. u one who *** 1. a resting place knows the Vedas FAIT 11. the world, mull. sig allj.1.1. best, supreme dane pyistence, tle Tad). 91. 11. superior, series of the transmi. prosperous grations of the soul E n. hearer, adj. 21.11. Ara n. a friend utq lst conj. Âim. to pa- Hrefi 1. a female friend negyrize, to praise ATT 11. i wmister Fiyat 1th conj. Parasm 10 TTFF 1. the cal thing embrace FET 1. truth free neth 31, to cubrace Apety adv. truly WTF M. a verse HTTF adr. speedily He [at] Ist cont. Par (smil. apy f. mother-in-law with 57, to decline in, vv, to-morrow सद् with नि [निषीद्] 1st 19€ 11. a beast of prey conj. Parasu. to sit ata adj. m 17. white Th.f. nan ressembly Per ini, adı, always 91. difficulty, per's HET IT m. good conduct plexity | सन m. sany. matc. of सत् Hinta 11. sony, singing per port of stĦ to but Frithreach ailj. m. N. eager 197 adj. 1.1. ## adj. #1. Sa court, an assembly for union 1.1. men, fra mind, संतप्त pust part of तप ith pen-minded, aegarding F hented, oppriased by will equally heat #HTFT N, tield of battle Availj.m.12 able, powerful HTATET 113. proximity समाज n. an assembly संपद् / wealth, prosperity समुद्र m. the scil Peti n. touch, contact # In. a message FTTH n. a lako ·BOSS man of 77 118. a serpent Teh ada nia f happ, Tinul. adv everywhere those who enjoy h;Pri- HET Hd, oil, always सविटn. the sun presa in atm. an atom सव्यंष्ट m a charioteer an atom of happiness FT lit conj. Âtm.to endure at arb.m.91 t fragrant 75 ml. with 59F7 . name, of Râma's ATTI. a female ('on Charioteci panion or mate UT (l) 1.1 f fragrant AITETT a w witness सुवर्ण ॥ gold lood ARHITTE adj. m. 10 wat TTT . virtuous, sliould be accomplisher und well ATY N. i sage, a URE a friend pietv, aud) une f. good thin a Vrdne hymn A[77 10th cow to appease E TYTT m. the manager or ArT5 M. a kind of lord cuof actor in a play FITTIû m. a charioteer Els 100h conj. rith trao ATF m. a caravan, a crowd e] to destroy साष्टादपातम (mp aile. with prostration on fall. ing on the right bodily on the sun [move Hoy conj Porr111. tu fan a lion FATFAST) 6th cou Pula with ta, to follow 7, to spread g'asm. & Aton.to sprinkle 5 6th con. Para:m. to firar 1. Râma s wife abandon or create (prefirell to nows) good i f. creation tuous सेना./ an army सुकृति.. or good ga m. general, conile মুনি a. action mander of an army सुख n. happiness h7 18l conj. Átm. to scre m. a cook सून m. son s ו1 11)111 Frith सुकृत ॥. AL ·सेनिक Women a rrith air, to wasort to F1st C01. Purrasin. to f'r. a soldier member, inith it, to for- HTH 1. a plant used in sacrifices, or its juice Fofa f. remembranco, FISHTIĦT I Monday llinelu law looks TG pasi pas. part. of 7 1.1 con). Atm. to drop 7, rudu down FRI 1. beauty Fan, creator, milj. 91. 1. 17. f. praise FFTT 13. Olm's duty FOTm a thief FT T m. 77 one's own, and T 1. a jewel amongst a country, one's own country FYT [FF] lst ronj Pora-99? F#m a dream to stand. Feft pressive FITT m. Heaven म्था ॥ith उद्, to got up स्वविषय विषय dominion; far 4th conj. Parasm. to one's own demunion feel afication for FEf. sister aam affection, friendship Faffa ind. hail ! Fare Ist cong. Åtm, to throb Farila n. tranquillity Fakh Ist conj. Álm. to rival Fre 1st conj. Åtm. to taste स्पृश् 6th conj. Purnsm. to स्वामिगुणोपेत adj. स्वा.मन touch lord, गुण Tirtue, उपेत Te past pars. part. of endlowed or joined with; FTET, touched endowed with the vir- FTF 10th conr). to desire tues of a loro FI 6th con). Para:ín. to FTTT 11. a lord lurol Fiz ul. m. n. one's own fF# 1st Conj. &. mith (7,to wonder, to lie to kill dismayed poft m. the name of a man or the god Indra Åtm. to smile;

·1
afro m. a dee
er 1st con, Pam($m. á Álvik
Frei n. a mansion
to carry away, "o takı
हलाहल n. a deadly poison
away; uth 377, to cont,
f 1. an offering
or perform a sacrifice
FF lst conj. Para:m. with
fa, to laugh in contempt
with 9, to strike; with
FE, to dlıveit one's self,
हस्त m. hand
fr rith q, to send
to ainuse, to play
हित adj. m
11. What is a 11. the heart
suitable or one who is ind. inter). O !
kind, n, benefit kind, aio. yesterday
FEA N. snow
a 1st conj Parasm. &
हुतभुज m. fire
À tn. to call

·II. A Purasm. & Atm. vitth उप Alandon ?'. स्यज् 1st conj. Aflection sनेह m. प्रीति/. Parasm. सज् 6th conj. प्रेमन् Parasm. with वि Aflection, 10 feel, for 1. Able utlj. समर्थ,-, to the ?'. स्निन् 4th (ory. Parasm. 1st cunj Atm. | Allicted PP. दुःखित ad). Absolution s. Hrein.af. Afterwards ado quan. Account 8. वा./ अनन्तरम् ada. alct ( as in i dramatic Again alv. पुनर ind. play) 2. नाद 10th conj. Age . वयस् ॥;-old Purasm. Atm. जरा.. Action 8. कृति./. कर्मन ॥ Agitated, to the 1. क्षु Action, good or virtuouss. 1th conj. Parasm. सुकृति :सुकृत १. सुचरित Agree to ', मन् 4th conj. prerious 8. मथमसुकृत 1. All adj. अखिल, Action, wicked s. gonfal. Always adv. Agt ind. Actor, chief, ing play s. सर्वदा ind. नित्यम् adri सूत्रधार m. .timuse 2. ह. 1st comj. Actresss. नटी. Parasm. & Atm. with वि Idopted as a son p. pg. And cung. 27 ind. जीकृत Anger s. क्रोध m. Adore v. F 19tli cong. Angry, to be, to become Parasm. .. Atm. 2. कुप 1th conj. Parasm. Adorn v. भूष 10th conj. Animal s.जीव m.प्राणिन् m. Parasm. & Åtm. Another's परकीय ad). Adversitys.आपद विपत्ति Anxiety . चिन्ता/ Irbisc r. fF3T 6th conj.l.1partment occupied by n.. À tm. anth STE . सर्व pron.

·तपस॥ इषु m. Homen ira house 8. | Austerity :( religions ; अन्तःपुर . .1ppease . सान्व 10th | Author ९. कट . . Cuty. Purasm. k Atm | Authority • प्रमाण ॥ LApplication - उद्योग m. Authoure ? mth stí Architect of the gods s. Lutumn s शरद् / स्वष्ट विश्वकर्मन . Atarrice. ६. लोमm. Arm 8. बाहा Avocation : वृत्ति/. Lirmy: सना/. Jle. परशु. B Arrange ?'. रच 10th conj. Parasmi. ( Atm. Bank .नीर 2 Arrived at pp प्राप्त Bathe in v trg 1st conj. Arrogance s मदm Atm. th अव Arrows शर m. बाण m. Battle s "? Be १. भू ]st conj. Putram. Auts. कला.. STR 2.009). Parasm. As alr. इव ind यथा ind. वृत ]st con) Alm. विद् Ascend to ? 11 Con). 4th conj. Åtm Parasm irith Bear' व ]st conj Pt. Ascetics. यति m. योगिनm. Ascriling s. आरांप M. Beasts पशु . Ascribing something not वापद M. real s.अवस्त्वारोप m. Beat e तड 10th conj. Pt- Ask t. प्रच्छ् [पृच्छ्] 6th १ asm. c Atm. conj. Parasm. Beautiful adj वरतमु Assemblage of clouds s. Beauty s सौन्दर्य 1. शोभा। मेघजाल. [समाजm. Become .. भू lst con). Pa- Assembly s. सभा/ सदस.n. rusm. (belove) T* 1st Attendant on the women's apartments s. कञ्चुकि- Eco s. अलि m मधुकर m. Before (space)ach gt: 19.1. 1a812. CAtm. of prey Curm Aim. न.

·11) ((ny. Atm. Mithi 571 Behose ... शुभ 1st (0 Bhail . गुच Big?" ang 1st, 2011). Pa-Breahing 8. hem. 7 (12m & Atm. भिश् 1st Breast 6. वक्षस् n. Bring . नी ]st conj. Paleggal s. भिक्षक n. 1 asm. & Åtm. uth str Bgm . रम 1st (on] Atm. Brother . भ्राट m. [ Atm Buffalo s महिष . Bullock s. वृष m Be loved adj. प्रिय, प्रियतम | Burdens. भार m. Benent ५. हित . भ . Burna'. नहु !( conj. Pa. Best adj. श्रेष्ठ 1asm 1st (on. But conj. ana ind. Param. C. Birds विहगा, पक्षिन m Blow / 77 KW (on). PB- I am i Atin Call a'. हे 1 et conj. Par Blush ?' लज् 6th conj. A1m Calm, to be ?. शम् (शाम) Boly - देह m. शरीर -, Ith conj. l'ai asm. douls. व.. Caravan s. सार्य m. Boll al) धीर Cariy v. 7 Ist conj. Pils Book : पुस्तक ग्रन्थ m., - ,Hindu 1th_lous Caste s. वर्ण m. जाति / श्रुति.. Cat s. बिडाल . Bow s चाप . धनम् .. Cave s. विवर. Bowlint?). THE Ind. Celebrate 2. प्रय् 10th conj. How to e. नम् 1st conj Parasm. & Atm. Partsm. Censure s. निन्दा Bower s. मण्डप . Censurer. निन्द् lst conj Boy 5. कुमार m. Parasm. Brand of hain s. कबरी. Censurable adj. गर्दा Branch s. शाखा Cheaiot s. रथ. ?'018M. d Åtm. tsm. & Atm.

·8 Âtin. arith 379 Charioteer antu m. Conquering pr. 1? जयत सव्यष्टm. Conqueror s जेट ma. Cheeks. कपोल .. Consent ?'. मन् 1th (2 Cheerfulness & JETE M Chief adj. मुख्य, प्रधानतम Contemplate e. चिन्त 10th Child ९. बाल ग.शिशु ॥ वत्स conj. Parasm & Atun an. डिम्भm. Continent s. atqın 92 Citizen 8. पोर m. Cook 8. सूद. City 8. नगरी 1. पुरी.. Cook ?'. पच 1st (unt Cloth ५. वस्त्र 1. वासस् 1. Parasm. & Àton Cloud 8. मंघn. Copy s. प्रतिकृति 1. Coin, golden s 6 II. Corn s. धान्य Colour s. वर्ण. Counseel s उपदेश (ome topp प्राम Counsellor s. अमात्य Command 8. आदेश m. धोसचिव आज्ञा.. Count ?'. गण 10th rom7. Command दिश 6th Parasm.k Atm. con). Parusm, & Åtm. Country s. at in राष्ट्र ॥ unth आ [s. सेनापति m. जनपद . Commander of an army Courage s graf. Companloll 8. वयस्य m..--, Court s. If female s. सहचरी Cover v. 3779 with fa Compose 2. नी 1st conj. Covering s. आवरण 1. Parasm. & Atm. mith 9 Coret १. लुभ् 4th Cry. Conduct s. आचार m.;-) Purasm. and s. दुराचार".;-,good Cows. धेनु : ७. सदाचार m..--,proper Cowpen s. गोष्ठ m. p. 8. आचार. Create v. T 6th conj. Conquer 2. जि 1st con]. Parasm. T with FATT Parasm. , with वि 1st Creation 8. सृष्टि f. (on). Atm. Creators, धार स्रष्टा 24 ·2 with 371 ब्रह्मन ,-of the world | Deity " देवता/ s जगत्कर्ट Delight, giving, to 8. 977 Creepers लता f;-s, रजन hower of s लतागृह . Delighted, to he, मुद् 1st Cross तृ 1st con) con] Atm utthi Parasm Delighting al) आलादक Crows वायसm Demons असुर m Crowd ९ साथ ॥ Departv Tu la cong Cryp रुद् Parasm ?'ith निर Cry s विराव Departure गमन D | Depend upon 1. श्रि 151 Dance v नृत् 4th Cony coni Parasm Aton Parasm. Dance Dependent ad) परवत् नृत्य ॥ Dancing Derise ' गम Con) Darkness 8 तमस" Parasm auth अधि, लम Daughter s कन्या/. दुहिट Ist conj. Atm f आत्मजा Descend o तृ IN Daughter in-laws 9asm urth 377 Dear, czy } adj. ware Descending pr 1.8447 Dearest ard) प्रियतम Parasm Atm. Deserve v. tilst conj. Deceuts कपट Parasm Deed s. कृति/चरित 1.;-, Desire (on. good, शुभा कृति शुभ च- Parasm ¿ Âtm. TT रितम्, पराक्रम विक्रमm. Deer । हरिण m मृग 53 1st con) Parasin. Defeaty जि with परा 1st Desire 8 अभिलाष m Desired P PTE Defence 8. रक्षण | Despise v. धीर 10th cony. Defender s, Tae m. n. Parasi & Atm with1377 con) Pa वधू Death 8 मृत्यु . । स्पृह 10th con Åtm ·132 conj. Atun. rasm. & Åt 168117. Destroy v. ag 10th conj. Diverted to be v. 74 Ist Parasm. & Atm. with fa Divine adj. भगवत् Devour 7. 37% 2nd con). Do r. , Tp 4th conj. Atm. Purasm. 727 10th conj. with gra Parasm. 6. Atm. Doer s. cia m.11. Die 2'. & 6th conj. Åtm. Domg pr. 7. Far Difficulty 8. HRIN Tn. Donor s. fra in 1. Dig 1. 97 1st cong. Pa- Doubt s. TGT/ Duik v qr [fqa] 1st conj. Dmner 8. HTFT 12. Pana:11. Direct v. fazy 6th conj Pa- Driving pu". p. ETT rasm. Åtm vith 571 Drop v ta 1 st ent). Pala Direction 8. निर्देश Disadvantage &. 5774 m. Drop down v 777 le conj. Discharge r. 37 4th con) Atm. Parasm. Fuq 6th cong Drop s. fara m. Para em. & Åtm. 7 Dry v. To 41h conj. Pa- (352] 6th conj. Param. Dust s. पांस m. रजस् ।. Disease 8. व्याधि m. Duty 8. Gift 11., ---,one's s Disliked p.p. Farag au). स्वकृत्य. [rasm. Dismayed, to bo r. Fer 1st Duell ?'. qIst cong. Pacunj. Åtm, with Fat Direlling pr p. बसन् Disposition s. genfa f. Dwelt p.p. 37euraa Perf. Disregard 2.Efte 10th conj. Parasm. & Âtº.with a E Distress s. FT In. Eager for union ailj. fit- Divert oneself 1. z 1st French conj. Parasm, & Åtm. Earth s. FEU.f. 2.f. with fa वसुधा / भूमि . मदिपी. 18m. Átm. p. lect.

·1.) आ with 379 con). East s. प्राची.. Examine v. fey 1st conj. Eat ?". द 2nd conj. Pa. Átm. with off rasm. 2727 10th conj.Pa- Exchange v. er [473] 1st rasm. & Atn.ह 1st conj. con). Parasm. wih yra Parasm. & Atm. ruth | Exertions उद्यमm.उद्योगm. Expect 2'. ईक्ष् ]st conj.Atm. Efforts. यत्ना. Elder adj. ज्यायम् Experience ! भू 1st conj. Parasm. ?ith अनु Elephant s. गज.नागm. Embraco r. fara 4th conj. Exploit s q** 11. Parasm. शिष् th आ, Extol ? वर्ण 10th conj. Pa- १rlsm. & Atm. भाघ 1st कुस् 4th conj. Parasm. âtm. [ क्षुम् . Endure ?' सह] st (onj. Aim. Eye 8. नेत्र n. नयन १. च. Enemy s. अरि ॥ शत्रु.,- F of gods 8. असुर m. Face, with the turned Energy s. उत्साह m. away from adj. विमुख Engaged, to be, TI 1.st Faunt 2'. मुह 4th conj. Pacon). Åtm. rrith sys England s. अलभूमि . Faithless all. अविश्वास्य Englhshman 8. अइल m. Fall 2. पत् 1st conj. Pa- आइलभौम M. [त.. Enter 2. विश् 6th conj Pa-| Falsehood s. असत्य .अन- Fame s. कीर्ति f. यशम् n. Err ". मद् [माद]. 1th conj. Family s. गोत्र n.,--, born Parasm. withy of a good adj. कुलिन् Establishing s. प्रवर्तन । Famous adj. यशस्वत Even adr. अपि end. Fates. विधि Everywhere adv. सर्वत्र ind | Father s. जनक m. पिट m. Erdence 8 प्रमाण. Fatigue of a journey 8. Es. अनर्थ ॥ अध्वखेद । 718m. 20sm. Usin.

·m. with अन इण. Fault s.अपराधm.;.-,Small Follower of the Nyaya. s. नैयायिक m. 8. अपराधलवm. Favour s. प्रसाद n. कृपाf.| Food s. अन्नn Fear s. भय . Fool s. मूर्ख Feel v. भू lst conj. Parasm. | Foot s. पाद m. | Foot-soldier s. पत्तिm. Female beloved s.कान्ताf Forest s. अरण्य . वन n. Festival s. महोत्सव . अटवी..;-,one dwelling Field of battles. समरा- in a 8. वनौकस m. Forget v. स्मृ with वि Fierce ad). 703 | Forgive २. क्षम् 1st conj. Fight v. Tu Ith conj. Atm. Atm. Fill v. * 1st conj. Parasm. Forgiveness s. Starf. & Åtm. Form, having at). मूर्तिमत Fires. अग्नि n. हुतभुज m. Formerly adv. get ind. Fortune s. देव ॥. First. cad) प्रथम,-day of a lunar fortnight s. प्रति- Fragrant adj. सुरभि Fraud 8. कपट . पद्. Fish s. मत्स्य m. Friend s. मित्र . वयस्य m. Flatter v. airu lst conj. सहद् n.;- female Atn. सखी. Flesh s. मांस. Friendship s. FRE 11. Flow Fruits. फल 1. वह 1st con). Parasm. t Åtne. Fruit-eater adj. फलाशिन् Flow together ५. गम with | Fruitless adj. निष्फल सम् 1st con]. Atm. G Flower s. कुसुम 1.; having | Gallop ४. पत् 1st conj. Pa- -~-s adj. पुष्पधारिन् Prasm. with उद् Fly ?.. डी 1st conj. Atm. Ganges s. गङ्गा.भागीरथी. Follow v. स 1st con). Pa-| Garden 8. उद्यान n.उपवना. rasns. witle अनु, गम 1st Garland s. मालाf. conj. Parasm. rritle अनु| General s. सेनापति m. . ८.

·1.10 upt. १08m. Giet e. लभ् 1st tiny. lnioddess ४ देवी/. Get स्था [निष्ठ] 1st (old s सुवर्ण काञ्चन ॥. conj. Parasm. with उद् (dood 8. कल्याण n., adj. (thee s. घृत. शोभन (iir s. कन्या f. नन्दिनीf Grace 8 प्रसाद . कुमारी | (Grandson ९ नम्॥ (11) • १. दा [थर] 1st con] (Class 8. टण 1. Parasm. Great redd), very-adj. (iiser s. दात.. परम, भूयस Clean 1. 353 6th cong Greater adj. pH Parasm. (Greatness 8. प्रकष m. म- Glory s. यशस् ॥. हिमन् ॥१. (10" गम् गच्छ] 1st can. Ground s. भूमि / Parasma चर 1st (orj. | Grow e'. रुह 1st conj. Pa- Parasm. चल् 1st con). Parasm. त्रज् 1st con]. (duest s. अतिथि 3. Parasm. Guide 8 मागापदेष्ट 1. मार्ग- Gio after v TH 1st conj. दर्शक m. Parasm. Porth अनु Guilty ad). अपराधिन् (io together v. TĦ rith H सम् 1 st conj. Atm. (toat s. 375 IN. Habitation s. वासm. Goer s. गन्ट.. Dail' interj. Fiffa ind. (Foung pp. p. गच्छत्,-to| Hampered p. p. क्रुण्ठित a holy place adj. क्षेत्र- Hands हस्त n पाणि m. गामिन् करा. [ वरतनु frong s. गति.. Handsome alj. दर्शनीय, liud sogar m.; a god rę - Happen v. qq. 1st conj. वौकस् m. दव M.;-of Purasm. uith आ;-ed wealth कुबेर.;-af love मदन M., wife of मदन . Happiness 8. सुख उत्साह रति. n. शिव . ;- he who P.p. आपनित ·156 Hear 1.2 . enjoy's allj. TEUTET Huntels 'स्याध. Happy ad). सुखमाज, कुश- Husband s. वल्लभ me रमण लिन्, निवृतिमत् m. भटm. s brother Harmms. अपाय n. अहित. 8 Bam. slrother's llater s. 11. 11. uife s यात S sister Head s. शीष 1. शिरस् ॥. 8. ननान्द्र Heap s राशि m. Hushaniiman .कृषीवल m. Hut .. उटजm. Hearing अति । Hymn, vedie 8. Ti 1. Hearer 8. श्रोट m ॥. I Heart s. हदया. Ipron अम्मद Heaven s. स्वर्ग 1. Idol मुनि./ Hence adr. Sta: ind. Ignorance ६ अमान. Herd s. युथ Illiterate person.. अप- Herdsman s. गोपm. ण्डित . Here ade. अत्र ind. Image 8 मुर्ति प्रतिकृति : Hermitage . आश्रम m. Impe-oled p. p. कुण्ठित Hogs. वराह m. Impulences. वेयात्य 1. Hold r. धृ 10th conj. Pa- Inciting : प्रवर्तन 1. [Atm. Increase '. वृध 1st (on]. Holy ad) पुत p. p. पुण्य Industry s. उद्यम . Home 5. गृह . Infants शिशु ? Honey s. मधु . Injury s. अहित । Honour, your भवत pron. Insolences. महा. IIope v. aiĦ rith 3r 1st Intellect s hra S. Intelligence s. arai s Horse 8. अश्व m. alhoat one's helored Hot adj. चण्ड;-, to thcar. प्रियाप्रति तप 1st cont. Parasm. Intelligent aij. मेधाविन .. IHouse 8. गृह १. भर्मन . Lutensity s. प्रकर्ष m. Hundreds. शत n. Intoxication & H118. rasm. & Atm. con). Atm.

·(Hi?. मुच 11111t.ce. मन्त्र 10th contain! ४. भूमि . Åtiv. with it Laughi in contempt 2. 7 Insoker. ]st conj Pa Ini con). Param. uth rasm. Citm uth आ ]slands द्वीप ॥ ॥. Lan-look, Hindu s. स्मृति J Lead rot litcom Parasm. Jar, घट & Atm Jackul s. शृगाल . Leats पर्ण . [Atm. Jewels माण रत्न 1.; Learn r' शिक्ष 1st con]. amongst role]] ५. स्त्री-Lal need arth. विद्वस रत्न [c rity. Itmeather s चमन 1. Jom 1. TH mti 74 1st Leave, brave Jamel 1th p प्रपन्न [मुच ] 6th comp. Pa- JNEES. रस. सभा | Aam. Atn. त्यज् 1st Justic (', count of . न्याय- (011) Palam K Lu ! (', to take (as at the Kill r'हन time of repartur) 2. Killing 8. वध m. प्रच्छ [पृच्छ] ante आ 6th Kindi. जाति King . नृप॥ नृपति. भूपm. Lear img s त्याग m. पार्थिव . भभत्ता राजन 15.(017 8. पाटm. Kingdom “. राज्य ॥ Lics असत्या. hnow t'. बुध 11 com | Lite. s. जीव . Paras Atm. गम Lift rup ?' ध 1st conj. Pa- 1st con]. Purasm. uth १ cen & Atm. aerth उद अव, ज्ञा [ati). ब्रह्मविद् Light. 8 प्रकाश m. प्रभा f. Knowing the Brahman कान्ति तेजस् . L Lightnings. विद्युत Lakeo s. कासार n. सरम 2.Ltions. सिंह m Lime (1). खञ्ज Little adj. प्रतनु Lamp s. दीप ॥ Likel, to be, t. रुच् 1st (11). Atm.

·17 com. nonj. Atm. inil .,-,in uus 52 val., Live r. 3fta 1st conj. Pils in what adv. किथम Va88. वस् 1st conm. Pu. ind.;-, in which (relative) ad. यथा ।nd.,--of Load s. भार . ]k-adding life. ४. चरित. Long adj. दीर्घ [and Mansion s. हर्म्य 1. Long (time) aile. FT Many ad). al Long-lived ad). आयुष्मत Marriage s. विवाह m. Lord s. प्रभु m. स्वामिन M. Marry 1 of 1st conj. Pa- Lotus s. कमल॥ [am n. I'NISM Sun with qit Love s. प्रीति/ स्नह m.प्रमन् Master s. अधिपति M. भता. Lovers. वल्लभ m. रमण m. Mate 8. सहचरी M Mean (adj. क्षुद्र Machine 8. यन्त्र .. Medicines अगद Mad, to be ?. मद् [ माद् ] Meditation s. ध्यान ॥. आ. 4th conj. Purasm. ध्यान ॥ Made p. P. कृत, निर्मित Medicant s. याचक. Maid s. gåtf. [Atm. Merit 8. पुण्य . गण n.; Maintain v. मन् 1th conj. ---one who appreciate's Majestic adj. भगवत 5. गुणज्ञ [गुणिन Man 8. जनm. नरm. पुरुषm. Meritorious adj. गुणवत्, नृm;--,learneds पण्डित Messages. संदेश M. an.;-, old s. जरट m. वृद्ध Messenger s. हुत m.;-of prety s. साधु m. Miles, two s. क्रोश m.,-, rich s. धनिक m.,-who eight s. योजन . is aslave s. दासजन .;-, Mind s. चित्त . मनस् ॥. wise s. बुध प्रज्ञ n. Minister s. सचिव m. Manager in a play s. मूत्र- Ministry s. प्रकृति.. धारा. Misdlecels. दुष्कृति. Mango (fruit) s. आम्र 1. Misery s. दुःख Manner, in that, adv. तथा Modesty 8. विनय m. 18. 1 ·with 877 Monday s. सामवासर You adv. af 110d., - (pralii. Money 8.द्रव्यn;-given to bitive) मा ind. Brahmanas s. दक्षिणा Not ground s. अभूमि. Monkey s. कपि m. | Nourish v. पुष 4th conj. Moon ४. चन्द्र m. इन्दु . Parasm Moonlight s. कौमुदी ज्यो- 0 स्ना. Ointerj. हे ind. रेरे ind. Mother s. जननी. मानObey v. रुध 4th conj. Atm. Mother-in-law 8. श्वभू. Mount?". रुह 1st conj | Oblation | tood) s. बलि m. Parasm. with STT Obstruction 8. आवरण 1. Mountain 8. गिरि m. पर्वत | Obtain ?'. गम 1st con] m शिखरिन् m. Parasm. aorth अधि, बिद् Mouth s मुख n. [विन्द् ] 6th conj. Pa- More स 1st conj. Pa rasm. Atm. लभ् 1st Prasm. चल 1st conj. Pa con. Atm. Ocean 8. उदधिरा. Much adj. प्रभूत, भूरि Offence s विप्रिय n. Offending adj. अपराधिन् Music s. सगीत 1. Offering 8. हविस् ।. बलि m. Oh enter). हे and. ररे ind. Old adj. वृद्ध (man) Name s.अभिधान . नामन्1. Only ader. एव end Neck s. कण्ठ m. Or conj. अथवा and. या and. Neglect v. 2 1st conj. Order १. दिश 6th conj. New, adj. 777 Parasm. 4. Åtm. with ott News s. वार्ता राख्य Order 8. शासन . आज्ञाf. Nichars, called adj. नीचै- Ornament s. अलंकार m. Night s. रजनी/. 'निशf. Out of prep. बहिस् ind. रात्रि. तमित्रा Overcome v. Tasm. Mud s. पङ्क N. Nail s. नख. उत Ind. Atm. rth उप 1st conj.

·160 rasm.Atm. to 706/m. 8. ब्रह्मविद adj. Overcome 12.2.अभि- Pilgrims. यात्रिक १. [ति/. Overpowered भूत Place of residence 8. बस- Own, 2. y 10th conj. Pa- Plant, creeping s. sarf. Play ?'. क्रीड 1st conj. Pa- Own,one's adj. स्वीय 2raem. ह. 1st con]. Pa- P l'asm. & Atm. mth fa Pain s. क्लेश m. व्यथा./. Play s. क्रीडा पीडा/:: to give-to r. Please ?. प्री [प्रीण] 10th पीड 10th conm. Parasm. cony. Purasm. & Åtm. Atn., to jinflict-- रुच 1st conj. Atm १. तुद् (ith coni. Parasm Pleased ' P. प्रसन्न,-, Palaces प्रासाद be r'. Te 4th cong. Pelo Palates. ताल. Pardon s. क्षमा /. [am. Pleasing s. अनुरजन 1. Parents s. पितगैस.of पिट Pleasure s. रति.. सुख n. Plentiful adj. प्रभूत Parrot s. शुकm. Particles. लव m. Plough v. कृष 1st conj Path, wrong s विमार्गm. Parasm. and 6th conj. Teace s. स्वास्थ्य 1. Parasin. &. Åtm. Peacock s. मयूर . Poets. कवि lord of-s, People 8. जन . लोकm. huef of-s s. कवीश m. Peril 8. भय 1. सकट. Polson 8. विष. Perish_r'. 71 4th conj. Politics s. aftitif. Parasm. ध्वस् ]st con). Pollen 8. रजस.. Atm. Pond, snmall ९. पल्वल m.n. Perplexity 8. संकट 7. Poor adj. दरिद्र Person 8 जनm, respecta- Potter 8. कुम्भकार m. ble --- 8. आय m.,wicked Polerty s. दारिद्रय. ४. निशाचर . राक्षस M. Pou •rful adj. समर्थ Philosopher, inciaphysical Practise v. z wth 341 ܪ. ܟ ·101 Praise v. te Ist conj. Pa Parasm. 977 1st conj. priem. Feu lot ronj. Åtm Paraisin. (m. 17. Ta 1st conj. Âlo. Protector : पालक 4. रक्षित Praise s. fra f. Proximity s सनिधि m. Praiseworthy ail). 97774 Publish 2. qu 10th rimj. Prate 769 lit 2032) Puragm. & Atm. Prattle ). Purasin. Puddle s. 979 m. 11. Precept, sacred 8. fefT 11. Punish r. e73 101h conj. Preceptor s. 37797of m. Parasi & Atm. Preparation s. #TT 11. Pupil - शिप्यm. Prepared adj. 397 1:P Puutud !!!! TAT Present s. 3TETT IN. Prude s. HET IN Quality: TT 11I. Priest at the Somna sacri. Quuriel s. FiiS IN. tice s. 7160 . Queen s. (rit f., crowned Proclaim v.9 101h conj. ५. महिषी. Parasn. Aton Quickly adc. 297 Produce v. T with FT R Produced, to be, v 1st Race &. vjra 11. *T IN conj. Parusm. with Ramble qu 377 1st conj. Parasi. sa [377] 4til conj. Atm Reality s. 27. 11. taref on. Recourse, to lave, to r. Profession s. pietf. YST 1st conj. Parasm. Proficienoy s. gratoy . âtm. Proficient adj. निपुण Regard 2. Hatth conj. Progeny s. 757 f. Rejoice 2. 1st conj. Prosperity s. 37 19 11. af. inf. [यस् Relation s. बन्धु m Prosperous. adj.staa it. Relvase v. 71957) 6th Teotect v. TRT 1st conj. conj. Purusna Àtm, 9€ 4th conj. Åtm. mith Ready oil) Tap.P. Àton.

·1st and 10th conj. Pita पूजास्थान n rasm. & Atm. ruth उद् Reward s. पारितोषिक n. Rennedy s. उपाय m. Rice s. तण्डुल m.; ball of- Remember 2'. स्मृ 1st con]. given to the dead '8. Parasm. पिण्ड m.;cooked-s ओ- Remembrance s. स्मृति दनm.;-of various kinds Repulsion s. अवधारणाf. (a grain of ) . ब्रीहि m. Request v. अर्थ 10th conj. Rise s. अभ्युदय m. Atm. with प्र Rise v. स्था [तिष्ठ] 1st conj. Reside v. वस 1st conj. Parasm. unth उद् Parasm. with FT Rising pr. p. उद्यत् Resort to v. 45 1st conj. Rival v. FTP ist conj. Parasm. & Atm. लम्ब् Atm. 1st cony. Atm. witle अव River s. नद m. नदी. Respect s. आदर m. Road s मार्ग m. वीथिf. Rest upon v. वस untlअधि Rogue s. शठ m Rest, for the purpose of Rope s. रज्जु.f. विश्रामहेतोः abl. or yen. Rudeness s. वैयात्य n. of विश्रामहेतु m. Ruin s. नाश m. Resting place s. संश्रय n. Ruling pr. p. शासत् Result v. भू 1st Run e. भाव 18t_conj. conm. Parasm. Parasm. auth उद्, जन् [ जा ] 4th conj. Atm. पद् S 4th conj. Åtm. urth 3? Sacrifice, belonging to a or with TA adj. यज्ञिय; to perform a Result s. परिणाम m. - ७.है 1st con]. Parasm. Return ?'. वृत 1st conj. & Åtm, with 371 Atm. unth नि Sacrificer 8. यजमान m. Revere r. पूज् 10th conj. Sad adj. दुःखित,विषण्णP.P. Parasm. KAtm. Sage 8. ऋषि m. साधु m. Reverence, object of, Sailor 8. arren 11.

·Salt adj. faut Self & STIERA 112. Salute v. 74 1st conj. Sond 2. fe with g Parasm. are 10th conj. Sense, to lose v. F 4th Parasm. ¢ Ârm. irith conj. Parasm. 5777, P., the causal of Sensible ailj. 77 TĘ Ist con. Parasin. Separation . 11. mouth 3777, FC 1st con. Serpent s. 99 n. âlm. Stilaints किकर m. भृत्य Sat p.p.aft Perf. p. act. m. अनुजीविन adj. Satisfaction & graf. Storive 2. Ist con). Satished, to be, 2 79 111 | Sesamun s. fans m. 003). Parasit. 29 11Set about v. za 1st conj. 003). Parasi. Åtm. with a Sarel's by 1st and 10th Sex s. fra n. con. Parasin. Åtm. Shade s. garf 7, ta lot toº | Slake 1. FI 1st của 2 Purasin, imith off Atm. Saying S. 77777 17. Shame s. I f.;to feel Scattered p.p. FTFA 21. लज्ज Science s. TIET Shme v. #Tat 1st conj. School s. 97737II.S. ÀIN. with 9, LT 1st Seal k. समुद्र conj. Àtnu. ag 1st conj. Seat 4. STTH n. Parasin. See v. GET Ise conj. Atm. Shoe s. 36 f. Set writhe 7; TT 954 ] Show 2. fET 61h conj. Ist conj. Parasin. Seemg pr. p. 9577 | Sickness s. व्याधि M. Serk v. Araf 10th conj. Silence 8. Hi 11. Parasm. & Atm. Silly, to be, t. Ik 4in 10th conj. Atm. conj. Parasm. Ser 8.9 m. 11. Sin s. TTT . 6th conj. Åtm. Parasin. & Åtm.

·161 / . (m). Am. (n) Pu Sinful ailj. पाप [ream Speech s., वाचा./. वाणी/ Sing v. T 1st cunj. Pa वाच / वचस् .. Singing s. संगीत ॥. गान १. Spirit, evil s. निशाचर m Smer s. 919 ads. रानस रक्षस् . Sister s. FTES Splendid, to b, शुभ 1st Sit e. 195T 6th cow) Pa- १cism. th उप, सद् ] */plainclour s. कान्ति conj. Parism with a sports starf. (निषीद् ) -u]ion ?'. वर youte'. रम् !st con. itm. with 37727 pot s. कलका. Skill 8. चातुया. Maul ? रह 1st ky s. आकाश ॥ १. अम्बर 9'csm. Ille et ॥ नभम् ॥. वियत । ping . वसन्न .. Small al) प्रतन Snake k:. सिन् सिञ्च Smile . fFA 1st 100). Gith con. Param. Snow s. हिम ॥ So alv. grainl. taims कलह, . Sother s, सैनिक Stundi स्था [ति] 1 Sons. पुत्र. तनय . आ- (). Para m. त्मजा Star 8. तारक Song" s. संगत ॥. गीत ५. tatt, bathy दुर्दशा.. Songste !' 8. गायक m. Steal v. 31 101) (09). Pila Son-in-lu s जामाटा. Soon ade. इतम् Steelp towails. १. पद् 111 Soul s. आत्मन् ॥ con) Atm.. mith प्रति Sound s ध्वनि . Stick. दण्ड m. यष्टि Sorry adj. दुःखित tone 8. शिला1. दश. Sources प्रभव . अग्मन् m. Spale s खनित्र . Stuits. निधि . Speak . वद् 1st cenj. Pa- Stely's. कथा /. Prasm. भाष् 1st conj. Atm. Street 8. रथ्या... 9'08). Atm.

·लाइल ". 1s! Con) Sirengths. बल Srotls असि 2. खड्ग m. Strife of an Suuke ? Ist 2017]. Prin Tall rorism. į mnt 7 St111 यत 11 (1) Am Take this is conj. Pur'an. Alm. Study अध्ययन Thilants. बुद्धि Subjeet, s प्रजा Titl}} tait al) धीमत, मंधा- Submit ('. गम् Part91. th all. Sin. Taluk: तडाग of शरण का वश Su( (.६९ : जय विजय .. Tasti ?' म्बाद 1st cirly. Alm सिद्धि Taunt : उपालम्भ . Suitable, unat is cilj. faa Teich 2. faz oth conj. Summets ग्रीष्म Parasm. 6 Àm. imith Submit s शिखर M. 13. उप Sun ! सूर्य 1. रवि ॥ स- Tears. সম্ভ विटा. Tear?' 10th conj. Pa- Superior' (adj. श्रेष्ठ, श्रेयम् Surface', uppler, of a la- To.}] 2' कथ 10th conj. Pa- Jace8. प्रासादतल n. Sumount त 18/ coni 1*18,1. & Åtm. Tð 1st Parasm. 11 सम् ) उड़, पार ]st com Parasn Tomple : देवकुल 1,-of E Am S11 S. शिवालय ॥ Surround 2". milioni Terrace of a palace &. T- Suspect 1. 75 1st conj. सारतला. That pp. तद्, अदस Sun02 (Y ।' गल्म 1st_c..my Thits. चौय । Atm. imth (Tht adv. तदा 2nd. Streetmcat s. मोदक n. | Thence adv. तत Ind. \u ctnc55 8. माधुर्य । Thite; ad तत्र ind. 17 ह Pism.tilm. cun). Parasm.

·rasm. 1st to • יין' thhet s. स्तन ॥ [ शाम Jath cn). Pa. Things. TET 2.; real 8. वस्तु ..: not a-s. अवस्तु Tranquility s. म्वास्थ्य 1. ११., unreal-s. अवस्तु . 'Thumk 2. मन् 1fll cunj. Alm. Transgress ?'. ल This pron. एतद् इदम्, Aim. अहस Transgressecl, that camot Thor mon. युष्मद be, adj. अलग स्फुर् (ith funj Treasure s कांश n. ..ॐm. स्पन्द 1stern) Tremble; '. वंप lu. conj. Atm. Atu. Throw . अस 4th. Con] Truths. तत्त्व 2. सत्य ॥ Parasi. Fyr 6th con}' भूनाथ . Parasm. Am Tree 8. वृक्ष ॥. तरु . 'Thunderbolt, Indra's s. Tutor' 8. आचार्य m. [nd. U 'Thus odr'. इति (ml. एवम् Tiger 8. व्याघ्र . Uncle, puternal s. पितृव्य Times. काल m. Timid ad). भीरू; भीरू/ Understand To-day ad2. अद्य ind. Con) Furasm. & Åtm. To-morror ade. श्वस १ . Unse'ss विश्व pon n. Tongue. s. जिह्वा Untruths. अनता. 'Top 8. शिखर m. 11. Tortoist; s. कर्म Touch 2 FIT 6th conj. Verily adr. Farins erud. Parasm. Verse 8.श्लोक M.;Vedis:~ . 'Town 8. नगर 1.पी. Traitor, to act the v. दुइ Vivinty 8. संनिधि n. 4th conj. Para8.11. Victory s. विजय m. Tranquil, to be v. 377 Village s. ग्राम . पवि. m. ?' बुध 1st m. मन्त्र .

·. 10872. 8. Viliana s sent 172" We pro SIRET Violation 8. *5 11 Wealth s. ya 11. a 1). Vingin 8. mare f. संपद.. वित्त . Virtue s. धम m. गुण 3. Teapon, miraculous, .. Virtuous adj.पुण्यवत्,सुवृत्त अस्त्र Vultures, lord of, s. 737-Trar 2. 1011 conj. Pa- TTT m. 9'a8n 6 Atm. Weary, to be, ?". 274137] W 1th conj. Parasp Weigh r. 10. Wait rºyon v. 77 1st conj. Parasm & Atm. Parasm. amth परि, सत् Ist conj. Åtm. Welfare stron. -Tan. Walk v. T 1.sl con l'a-Tellal). Entrast Will adr'. Egind. Walking, mode of, Well s. arft f. 9 in. गति Well-being s. yg . Wallow v. Ith conj. Well-versed adj. fasonra Parasn. "Pirt, to be, ist conj. Wander 372 1 54 0172). Parasn. Parasin. What interr. pron. For Warrior s. योध 2. वीर m Wiliat is to be adj. भाविन् Wash les 10th Wheel s. 71. Wash oil CONT. Parasin. When interr. adv.cnet 2nd. 1 &Alm. When rclat. adr. Et ind. Waste away 2. For 1st Whente interr adv. that: conj. Parasm. find. Water s. 7 n. TTT 1. Whence relat. adr. ga: उदक पयस् . flere interr. adı. Water v. lsl coni Pa ind. ind. Where relat, adt. 7 ind. Ivay s. वर्मन् । Which interr. pron. fifin Tasm.

·, Wlich gelat. pron Wonder . FFA 1st conj. 11 lute ad). RiH brilliant 6. vrith FT adj. भावग्शक Tools. काष्ठ 8; (fort st) Who intory. am किम वन. Who Int. jon. यद् Torks. अन्य 1. Whot all अखिल Torrls. लोक M. जगत् 1. Wicked al) नशंस WOMP P. परिहित iiir . भाया । पत्नी | loyn out p. p. जीण कान्ता..: and husband lorship s. पुजा .; mate- '. जायापती ॥du. rials of --- ६. अर्घ्य 2.; Wilderness & अरण्य'. object of - S. पजास्थान. अटवी. Torship ?'. पृज 10th conj. Winds पवन M. मारुत Parasm. Atan. भज वायm. मरुत 78. 1st conj. Parasm. & Tandous. वातायन . Atm. यज् 1st conj. Pa- Wise adh. 1777 Wish s. इच्छा.. Wreath s. माला/ Wish 1.50 [367] 6th Write 1. Fra 6th conj. comj. Param Payasn., लिखित p.p. Tished p. P. इष्ट Write (a lnok) v. af 1st With pep. सह ind. Without prep. faalil. Witness 8. साक्षिन M. Writtenp.p. प्रणीत, लिखित Woman ४. नारी. ललना .f.:--of distuction & f., proul -- Alfat Yestrelay adv. Te ind. fi renciable - 4.37rf Tou pron. TCH young १. प्रमदा.. व. Younger adj. कनीयम् rasm. Atm. 001). Parasm. & Âtm. Pnths ·ADDITIONS TO THE VOCABULARIES IN THE LESSONS. P. 20, yang 10th conj. with 9, to wash P. 29, 92 m. God P. 44, ut n. an ornament P. 56, 4 m. a multitude, a crowd P. 60, FT 1. a bee P. 71, 97 1st conj. Parasm. to learn -, 77 11. truth, goodness P. 73, fa f. plenty, abundance P. 76, ca 1st conj. Parasu. & Åtm. with 37, to dig, to excavate g with ofa and fa, to come back, to return -, 1st conj. Parasm. d: Åtm. with aft, to dispel, to remove P. 108, TF m. a preceptor, a venerable person P. 112, 34 10th conj. Åtm. with suff, to request, to beg of ·LIST OF CORRECTIONS. P. 2, last 1., 2nd column, for' -va gread j-ra. P. 39, 1. 4, right hand column, after sport read in. P. 64, 1. 6 from bottom, - for Narayana read Narayana. P. 66, 1. 3 4th column, for are read मसीनाम्. P. 76, 1.2 -> for the read the P. 86, 1. 12, 3rd column, for thiam. read in 1. P. 102, 1. 4, for ( POTTA) read f. P. 107, 1. 6 from bottom, 2nd column, for a reall स्वाम. P. 110, 1. 14, 2nd column, for 37 In real time P. 119, 1. 9, right hand column, foge sit read अनुरञ्जन. P. 127, 1, 3 from botton, left hand column, for amer real TTT last I., left hand column,, sup star read stars. P. 130, 1. 18, for a targa read निरूपित. P. 139, 1. 8 from bottom, right hand column, for si pead sit. dele the comma after dwelling. P. 140, last l., right hand column, for J4 read T4. P. 141, 1. 3 from bottom, -for शङ्का read शङ्का. P. 153, 1. 4, right hand column, for wh read with. P. 165, 1. 9. from bottom, left hand column, for 1st read 10th. 1.6 -for Te read their

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