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·GENERAL REPORT
ON
PUBLIC INSTRUCTION IN BENGAL,
FOR
1884-85.
Calcutta:
BENGAL SECRETARIAT PRESS.
1885.

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·INDEX TO THE REPORT ON PUBLIC INSTRUCTION IN BENGAL FOR 1884-85. PAG. 1 . 1 .. ... ... 15 . GENERAL SUMMARY CONTROLLING AGENCIES UNIVERSITY EDUCATION .. Attendance in colleges for genoral education Expenditure Univorsity examinations COLLRGB REPORTE- 9 16 17 18 ... . 21 22 23 .. . .. .. 28 ... .. 24 25 > 26 25 ... 11 26 > 26 27 ... Presidency College Sanskrit Hooghly Dacca Krishnagbur Patna Havenshaw (Cuttack) Rajbhahye Berhampore Midnapore Chittagong College 1)epartment of Bethune School Calcutta Madrange General Assembly's Institution Free Church St. Xavier's College London Mission Bhowanipore Free Church Normal School City College Albert Mahu ajab's (Burdwan) Jagunnath Ripon SECONDARY EDUCATION ... 27 . DO 27 27 27 28 ... ... 28 ... 28 ... . 28 ... 28 ... ... ... ... ... 29 29 ... 30 31 31 Secondary schools Attendavco and expenditure in secondary schools High English schools University Entrance examination Special notices of cortain high schools Middle English schools Scholarship examination Vernacular schools Scholarship exanisation ... . 1 13 .. PRIMARY EDUCATION ... 46 ... ... 21 ... 47 48 49 I. ... ... Upper primury acbools Scholurship examination Lower schools Scholarship examiantion Clawsification of primary schools Alleged neglect of traditional subjacts of inatructiou Examinations of primary schools in situ Simol aneous examination of primary schools in a district Systans of payment to gurus Expenditure on prizes Infrequency of visits to lower primary schools . 50 51 51 ... . ... 3 ... ta ·ü PRIMARY EDUCATION-Oontinued. PAGR. 64 .. ... .. 68 s > . . 63 n . 1 ... 9 64 66 69 71 74 ... ... Progress of primary educatiap in Caloutta in Presidency Division in Burdwan in Rajshabye jo Dacon in Chittagong in Patos in Bhagulpore in Cbota Nagpore , in Orissa Tributary Meals SPECIAL INSTRUCTION Training schools Other schools of special instruction FEMALE EDUCATION EDUCATION OF EUROPEANS EDUCATION OF MAHOMEDANS ) ... 76 11 77 ... ... ... 78 .. ... 88 .. ... 93 U ... 105 : .. 118 ... EDUCATION OF ABORIGINAL AND BACKWARD RACES .. 128 INDIGENOUS EDUCATION .. 126 PREPARATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF TEXT-BOOKS 127 ... GENERAL STATISTICS (Appendix) ·REPORT OX PUBLIC INSTRUCTION IN BENGAL, 1884-85. I. GENERAL SUMMARY, 1. The present report differs from those of preceding years in containing Do account of the University examinations, which were postponed to April. The usual tests of the progress of University and secondary education are therefore wanting in it; and the consideration of the comparative success of high schools, and of the educational results of the new courses adopted for the F. A. and B.A. examinations must be reserved for next yoar's report. The action of the University has also involved the postponement of some of the departmental examinations, as will be shewn subsequently. It has moreover reduced the number of pupils in Colleges and High schools at the end of the year, and diminished the recoipts from fees. These and other consequences of the change will be detailed in the body of the report. 2. The following table shews the progress made in educational institutions of all kinds that submit returns to the department: 1889-84. CLASB OF INSTITUTION. 1884-86. Average number of pupils, Schools Pupils. 1884-85. Schools. Pupila. ... Public institutions- University Secondary Colleges (High English schools Middle vernacular SUppor primary Lower 24 2,826 25 2,779 244 53,498 249 53,272 665 44,177 709 49,186 1,108 61,702 1,140 06,011 2,470 91,019 2,722 100,738 61,263 1,073,934 62,863 1,121,900 98 6,918 67 4,843 1,820 34,877 2,354 44,112 111 214 69 57 37 17.8 72 18 19 .. . ... Primary Special Female .. 0. .. ... Total public institutions 67,682 1,307,381 70,129 1,442,841 ... Private institutions Advanced : toaching-- Arabic or Persian Sanskrit Elementary: teaching a vernacular only or mainly Other schools not conforming to departmental standards 706 941 7,018 7,09% 940 1,088 10.485 9,841 ... 816 9,392 372 5,265 112 1,1:26 112 1,748 Total private institutions 2,576 25,228 2,612 27,339 GRAND TOTAL 70,257 1,392,609 72,641 1,470,180 It appears from the above table that there is a gain of 2,447 public sehools and of 75,460 pupils. There is a loss of 63 in private schools, but on the other hand there is a gain of 2,111 pupils. The loss shown against private hools is probably to be accounted for by their transfer to the departmental stem. The total increase is of 2,384 schools and of 77,571 pupils. 3. The following figures shew the comparative increase in schodis and pupils during the last six yoars :- In 1880, a gain of .. 1881 ... » 1882 Schools. 6,098 8,131 10,672 10,809 1,369 2,384 Pupil 91,3 3 109,99 178,56 204. 47 81517 77671 ::::: ... 1883 1884 1885 .00 ..

·REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OBNTRAL SUMMARI. year the Last year there was a comparatively small increase in the number of schools, but the increase of pupils was in a much higher ratio. The figures of this year wear an altogether different complexion. They resemble closely those of 1879, when there was an increase of 2,060 schools and 86,307 pupils. 4. The population of Bengal excluding Cooch Behar, Hill Tipperah, and the Tributary States of Chota Nagpore, of which the schools are not included in our returns, amounted by the last census to68,160,598, of whom 33,917,217 were males and 34,243,381 were females. Reckoned at the usual proportion of 15 per cent., the number of male children of school-going age would be 5,087,582, and the number of female children 5,136,507. Of the scholars in our returns 1,390,649 are boys and 79,531 are girls. Hence, of all boys of a school-going age, over 1 'in 4 is at school ; of all girls of a school-going age 1 in 64. Last proportion for boys was a little less than the number in the present year, and for girls 1 in 75. As the numbers of towns and villages in Bengal is close upon 260,000, it appears that there is rather over 1 school to every 4 villages-à village being defined as that which has less than 5,000 inhabitants down to the smallest hamlet. 5. An examination of the table in paragraph 2 gives the following results: There is an increase of 1 in colleges, due to the affiliation to the University of Jagannath College, Dacca. The nominal falling off in pupils is due to the change in the date of the University examinations. There is an increase of 5 in High English schools, and a falling off of 226 pupils. This falling off also is due to the action of the University. The change in the date of the University examination has rendered March the month of minimum numerical strength. Formerly the colleges and schools were about at their fullest during this month. Middle schools shew an increase of 76 schools and 9,318 pupils. In upper primary schools there is an increase of 252 schools and 9,689 pupils, against an increase in the previous year of 256 schools with 12,620 pupils. `In lower primary schools there is an increase of 1,610 schools with 47,966 pupils, against an increase of 916 schools and 57,942 pupils in the previous year. The decrease in special schools is to be accounted for by the retransfer of 35 kyoungs to the hoad of unaided private institutions, balanced by other changes which will be detailed hereafter. Under female education thero is a gain of 534 schools and 9,235 pupils. There is also a further gain of 2,064 girls reading in boys' schools. 6. The following table classifies schools according to their managoment: 1884. 1886. Schools. Pupils. Schools. Pupils. PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS- Under public management- Maintained by the department by municipal boards ... !!. 329 43 32,488 2,592 325 43 30,966 3,079 Under private management- Aided by the dopartment or by municipal boards Unaided ... 62,623 4,787 1,239,451 92,850 63,248 6,616 1,286,625 122,182 ... Total 67,682 ... 1,367,381 70,129 1,442,841 PRIVATE INSTI UTION- Of indigenous instruction ... 2,575 25,228 2,512 27,339 GRAND TOTAL 70,267 1,802,609 id 72,841 1,470,180 7. It will be observed that there is a decrease of 4 in the number of schoolamaintained by the department and of 1,533 in the number of pupils. The Liw Department of the Presidency College has been abolished. There in a fallng off of 2 in middle vernacular schools, and a loss of 2 in primary ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTIOK. 8 GENERAL ATXMART. schools. There is an increase of one in madrasas, owing to the Oriental Department of the Rajshahye College having this year been again included among madrasas. The number of schools maintained by municipal boards is the same as in the previous year. Last year aided schools exhibited a falling off of 186 schools and a gain of 67,000 pupils. In the present year there appears to be an increase of 723 schools with a gain of only 47,174 pupils. As regards boys' schools there has been an increase of 6 in high schools, of 13 in middle English and of 4 in middle vernacular schools, of 255 in upper, and of 6 in lower primary schools. In secondary schools for girls there has been an increase of y, in upper primary of 17, and in lower primary of 448. To counterbalance this, there has been a loss of 35 special schools, the kyoungs erroneously included under this head in last year's report. In unaided schools there is a gain of 1,728 schools and 29,332 pupils. In indigenous schools, i.e., pathsalas, tols and maktabs, that do not conform to departmental standards, there is a loss of 63 schools with a gain of 2,111 pupils. There are some districts, for instance Backergunge and Mymensingh, from which no returns of this class of schools have been received. 8. The following table compares the expenditure for the year with the budget provision, the figures having been supplied by the Accountant-General. They refer only to amounts paid from or into Government treasuries :- w BUDGET A BAD OP EXPENDITURB. Sanntioned estimate, 1884-86. Actuals, 1884-88. REXABK8. Rs. Rs. 4,91,700 4,97,647 Direction and inspection Government Colloges, general and spocial Goverument schools 5,87.136 7,41,390 6,66,145 7,42,284 .. Grants-in-aid. 1 For secondary and superior instruction primary instruction Scholarships Grants for the encouragemeut of liter. ature Miscellaneous* 5,76,000 7,89,165 1,85,000 ... 5,84.673 7,95,134 1,78,251 ... ... 13,100 23,800 15,926 21,167 * Including prizes" and " refunds." Total Less receipts 31,07,291 6,56,191 31,00,227 6,36,609 ... ... Net Government expendituro ... 28,61,100 28,63,618 9. Under Direction there was an excess of Rs. 3,435. This may bo pl. accounted for by the travelling charges of the Director's office, for which o Rs. 500 were allowed last year. Under Inspection there was an excess of Rs 2,512, duo probably to Bellett's resuming charge of the Rajshahye inspectorship: The excess in grants-in-aid for secondary and superior instruction is mainly to the sanctioning of building grants to European schools not proved for in the budget. The amount actually spent under this head in 1881-8.5vas Rs. 94,933. The receipts fell short of the sanctioned estimate by Rs. 19,582. pere was a falling off of Rs. 14,659 in Government colleges. This may be partly accounted for by the fact that in some colleges no fees were collectod frod the 2nd and 4th year students during the months of January, February and Iarch, owing to their having completed the period of study required by the Uniprsity. The receipts from municipalities fell short of the estimate, being R$ 4,556 instead of Rs. 7,245 as was anticipated. The excess of Rs. 12,518 in net expenditure over the estimate is therefore to a certain extent explained. 10. The following table compares the expenditure for two yeas taken from the departmental returns. The class of instruction and not th budget head of expenditure is here made the basis of classification. The datement ·4 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR GENERAL BUMYABY, includes expenditure from private sources, such as fees and contributions in all public schools, the receipts and charges of medical education, and the charges for school buildings YBAR 1884-88. YEAR 1888-94. Government Total expenuiture. expenditure. (Not.) Government expenditure, (Not.) Total expenditure. Rs. Rs. R.. Rs. ... University Collegiate Secondary instruction Primary Female Special Scholarships Buildings Furniture and apparatus Miscellaneous Superintondence... 2,88,000 5,72,000 6,05,000 1,19,000 4,29,000 1,69,000 2,20,000 13,000) 67,000 4,60,000 61,000 6,21,000 23,68,000 26,36,000 4,41,000 6,49,000 1,87,000 2,71,000 15,000 77,000 4,63,000 3.27,000 5,82,000 6,61,000 1,89,000 4,14,000 1,64,000 1,92,000 8,000 1,06,000 4,97,000 81,000 3,62,000 24,86,000 27,18,000 4,77,000 5,60,000 1.86,000 2,29,000 9,000 1,09,000 5,00,000 ... I. . Total 29,42,000 74,83,000 30,80,000 78,15,000 11. The net Government expenditure has increased by Rs. 1,38,000, and the total expenditure by Rs. 3,32,000. The proportion of Government expenditure to the total cost of education is 39:4 against 39:3 last year. No returns of expenditure have been received from La Martinière, or from the Metropolitan, City, and Albert Colleges. 'University education shows Rs. 31,000 expenditure against Rs. 61,000 in the previous year. This is easily explained by tho fact that candidates for the Entrance, F. A. and B.A. examinations paid their fees in the month of March, but the examiners did not receive their remuneration during the year under report. Under collegiato instruction there has been an increase of Rs. 39,000 in Government expenditure. Under secondary instruction there has been an increase of Rs. 10,000. The increase appears to have taken place principally in middle schools. In high schools there is a decrease of about Rs. 900. Primary schools show an increase of Rs. 46,000; about Rs. 4,600 being in upper primary schools. Under female education there is an increase of Rs. 20,000. There is an increase of Rs. 4,000 in middle vernacular, and a slight decrease in high schools for girls, while the expenditure on middle English schools has diminished by more than Rs. 2,000. * There is an increase f nearly Rs. 7,000 in upper primary schools for girls, and of nearly 18. 12,000 in lower primary schools. The expenditure on special education is fallon off by Rs. 15,000, the decrease in public institutions of special struction being about Rs. 1,700. The cost of superintendence has increased b: Rs. 37,000. This is due probably to the return of Mr. Bellett to inspecting wek, and the increased pay of the officers holding the appointments included unler this head. The large increase under the head of miscellaneous is due to thuţransfer to this head of several charges formerly included under primary edilation. 12. The fee receipts of institutions under public management show a falling off his year, which is almost compensated by an increase in subscriptions. Ther is a falling off of over Rs. 7,000 in the fees of Arts colleges, which has been bready accounted for. In aided colleges under. private management there is a falling off of about R&. 7,000 in fees. In all aided institutions under private management the fees amounted to Rs. 22,86, 100, against Rs. 21,60,000 in the previous year. Municipalities have paid Rs. 5,064 towards the support of schopls under public management maintained by the department, chiefly high schools. On schools maintained by municipal boards Rs 6,734 have been expendild from this source. Of this sum Rs. 5,586 have been expended on seconda.y schools, Rs. 842 8n primary, and' Bs. 306 on surveying schools. To the support of schools under private management they have contributed ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 5 CUIXERAL QUXMARY. Rs. 63,808. The total amount contributed from municipal funds is Rs. 71,412, against Rs 70,598 in the preceding year. 13. The following table sums up the statistics of attendance and cost in all schools for native boys :- Schools for native boys. AVERAGE YEARLT COST OY BACH PUPIL. CLASS OF SCHOOLB. Yamber of schools. tby Average roll oumber throughout Fear. Average daily attendance. Percentage of attendance on roll number. Percentage of Gov. ernment out to total cost, To Govern ment. Total. Rs. A. P. R.. A. P. .. 101 ... ... BIG! ENGLIBE SCHOOLS- Under public manapomont- Maintained by the Department Ditto by municipal boarda Undar private managoment- Aided by the Department or by municipal boards Uasided 284 264 238 198 8157 7007 9 8 1 1 11 1 81 74 16 40 8 30-2 104 ... ... 129 03 141 290 110 296 78.01 8104 198 11 16 11 6 218 ... ... .. .. ... 280 212 170 80'2 7 ... 181 286 106 224 80 1 84-6 11 11 8 21 76 6 1 9 54'6 ) ... 899 160 04 67 40 453 78'5 754 4 1 9 12 12 6 7 7 8 82.1 ... Total High English Schools MIDDLX DXGLIAT SCHOOLA- Undor public management- Maiutained by the Departmout Ditto by municipal boards Under private management- Aided by the Department or by municipal boards Unaided Total Middle English Schools MIDDLB VERNACULAR SCHOOLS Under publin managomont- Maintained hy the Department Ditto by municipal boards Under private management- Aided by the Department or by municipal boards Unaided Total Middle Vernacular Bchools 808 777 ... . 100 180 9 52 160 40 110 77" 73's 6 0 5 0 1 7 7 18 8 80 849 109 .. 849 102 2 99 .. 52 80 40 49 77 77 7 7 7 6 92 349 ... .. 1,140 83 41 77.3 . 82 6 ... 83 80 22 10 66'6 69 8 8 7 4 8 13 10 8996 100 1. 27 ... 2,618 79 84 88 HO 78-8 8 7 11 8 45 457 ... .. 2,720 84 27 79'4 T.I. UPPER PRIMARY SCHOOLS Under public managemont- Maintained by the Department Ditto by municipal boards Under private management- Aided by the Department or by municipal boards Unaided Total Upper Primary Bohools LOWEB PRIMARY SCHOOLE- Under public management- Maintained by the Department Ditto by municipal boards Under private management- Aided by the Departmont or by municipal boards Unaided Total Lowor Primary Schools ... ... .. 8 20 18 23 18 9 8 7 6 722 39'1 6 10 8 11 7 9806 . ... 0 66,826 8,017 18 11 18 9 R12 819 2 71 2 2 7 . u. 100 . ... ... 62,800 16 19 80'C 14. The percontage of attendance in upper primary schools maintained by municipal boards bas risen from 42:3 tɔ 53.3, and in lower primary schools main. tained by those bodies it has fallen from 75 to 39.1. In other respects there is little change. With reference to the percentage of attendance in aided lower primary schools, Dr. Martin remarks :-"The high percentage of attendance in lower primary schools in the Lower Provinces of Bengal (viz. 86.6 per cent.), upon which the Director made some unfavourable strictures, on the ground that it argued false returns, was not observable in this division, and I have reason to think that the statistics which I bave given of lower primary schools are trustworthy." The percentage which Dr. Martin gave last year was 68.2. This year it is 70-3. In most of the schools the cost of each pupil to Government and the total cost have decreased. In high English schools maintained by municipal boards the cost to Government has risen from annas 9-7 to Re. 1-11-1; and the total cost from Rs. 13-13-9 to Rs. 16-4. In middle vernacular schools maintained by municipal boards the cost of each pupil to Government has decreased fairly ·6 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR GENERAT BUNMART. from annas 10-2 to anna 1-7; while the total cost has decreased from Rs. 8-0-3 to Rs. 8-0-1. In lower primary schools maintained by the department the average cost to Government has risen from Rs. 4-8-1 to Rs. 5-7-5, and the total cost from Rs. 5-0-4 to Rs. 5-10-5. In lower primary schools aided by the department or by municipal boards the average cost to Government has risen from annas 8.2 to annas 8-9, and the total cost from Rs. 2-5-5 to Rs. 2-7-1. 15. The classification of pupils according to their progress in all schools of general instruction is shown in the following table. The higher stage includes pupils in the first two classes of high schools, the middle stage includes pupils in the lower classes of those schools, and in the higher classes of middle schools, down to the point where primary instruction ends. The upper primary stage includes the higher section, and the lower primary the lower section of primary schools or classes; these last being divided into those who are learning to read, and those who are not learning to read a printed book:- LOWER PRIMARY STAGE. HIGI STAGE. UPPER PRIMARY MIDDLE STAGE. STAGE. Total. CLASB OP BCTTOOLS. Number of schools. Higher section (read. Lower section (not ing printod books). reading printod books). Numher of papils on the rolls on the 31st March. Bogs. Girls. Girls, Total Boys. Girls. Total. Boys. Girls. Total, 9 Boys. 1 II High English Middle English Middlo parnacular Upper primary lower primary .. 287 64,011 11,264 60 11,824 16,080 191 10,827 13,421 187 19,891 19.998 201 11,186 709 80 849 08,042 678 63,717 7891 31,439 % 8,884 874 9,208 14,125 629 14.764 21,820 78029,805 4,380 670 4,850 49,168 2,293 81,459 1,180 68,888 0 99,840 100 9,910 10,00 261118,287 29,805 786 30,190 20,053 880 10,642 60,279) 1,715 68,489 3,000 109,750 1761 78 248 18,490 1,602, 90,392 61,8911 8,817 67,408 20,792 4,989 81.761 97,888 12,051 149,784 04,882 1,189,002 109 4,870 895,478 20,018 024, 496 490,878, 82,755 533,027 1,001,127 61,878 1,163,002 70,097 1,436,219 11,275 00 11,385 86,485 788 36,229 87,162 2,661 80,823 709,481 36,281 748,705 532,89038,689 371,750 1,356,290 78,600 1,-434,8056 . .. 4,777 200 II. 1. Total II. • Returns of 1A8 host of La Martınıéro sohool and of 109 girls of the Darjeeling convent school have not been furnished. + Hetarns of 20 girls of the Old Church Farorlu Tome have not been furnished. Exclusive of 314 pupils (188 boys and 18 girls), whose returns have not born furnished. 16. The following compendious summary of the above table compares the saliont figures of 1883-84 and 1884-85:- NUMBER OF PUPILA. STAGE Increuse. Decrease. 188.9-96. 1884-86. 593 953 . .. High Middle lipper primary Lower Ditto 11.928 35,270) 70,229 (18,913 592,897 11,335 36,223 69,823 745.705 571,759 40€ 96,862 21,138 Total ... 1,359,237 1,134,905 76,568 • Exclusive of $14 puple whose returns have not been furnished. Exclusive of 314 pupils, whose returns have not been furnished, the total number of pupils in all primary and secondary schools has increasod 5.56 per cent., against 6-75 per cent. in the previous year. There is a decrease this year of 4:9 per cent. in pupils in the higher stage of instruction, against an increase of 38 per cent in the previous year. This must be accounted for by the falling off of the two upper classes in the month of March. In the number of pupils in the middle stage there is an increase of 2.7 per cent., against a decrease of 8 per cent. in the previous year. In upper primary pupils there is an increase of 57 por cent., against an increase of 13 per cent. last year. In the higher section of the lower primary stage there is an increase of 14:9, against an increase of 42 per cent. last year. In the lower section of the lower primary stage there is a decroase of 3.5, against a decrease of 16 per cent. in 1883-84. It appears that out of a total of 1,434,905 pupils 571,754 or 39-8 per cent. have not learned to read printed books, against 43.6 per cent. in the previous year.

·OF PUBLIO INSTRUCTION. 7 GENERAL SUXUARY. The proportion of those not reading printed books in high schools only is 1:5 per cent., in middle English schools 9:5 per cent., in middle vernacular schools 15.8 per cent., in upper primary schools 28.9 per cent., in lower primary schools 45'4 per cent. If we take all pupils in the upper and lower primary stages together, we find that the proportion of primary pupils in high schools is 47 per cent., in middle English schools 82 per cent, and in middle vernacular schools 85 per cent, Of boys :9 per cent. are in the high stage, and of girls 08 per cent. ; the figures for the middle stage are 2-6 per cent.and.9 per cent. respectively; for the upper primary stage 4•9 per cent. and 3:3 per cent., for the higher section of the lower primary stage 52.3 per cent. and 46 per cent. ; for the lower section of the lower primary stage 39 per cent. and 494 per cent. 17. The following table shows the caste and creed of pupils in all institutions: Abstract Return of Caste and Creed of Pupils at Colleges and Schools in Bengal for the year 1884-85. HINDUS. OHRISTIANA, radu Euro CLAAS ON INSTITUTIONS. Number of pupils on the rolls on the 31st March, Number of institutions. раа Raj. Kapsths, and (1).- Brahmans, Babhans. pats, (2).-Navasalhs. goldsmiths, (3).-Soparbanins, car. and other intermediats penters, castes. Pods, (4).-Chamars. Domes, Baris, Bagdis, Musulmans. (sboriginal) Buddhinis, t'arsis, &c. Other Xatire Christians. Grand total of All races. Total Europeans alans. Total. PopLic INSTITUTIONS, University Education, Arts colleges 2,779 2,087 800 108 1 2,068 129 82 70 2,779 I 8 18 Professional colleghe 10 990 089 76 80 795 86 82 5 930 Schools for General Edu. cution. Boyu' schools High English 240 69,272 39,871 0,553 6,274 182 46,880* 8,096 1,479 .. 1,878 268 53,800* Middlo 700 49,186 20,384 7,238 0,803 10,77871 0,229 1,450 167 1,500 49,2787 vernacular 1,140 13 R6,011 82,017 11,120 11,879 1,8: $0,041 8,980 182 182 820 06,011 Upper primary 2,722 .. 100,798 80,327 18,686 29,686 8,042 81,680) 17,408 87 018 1,207 100,79N lowor 02,863 1,121,900 268,861 106,849 210,000 727,902 304,351 87 8,376 3,01 .. 26,786 1,181,900 64,024 1,227 Girls' sclinols 9,854 44,112 17,840 6,108 0,804 82,0841) 0,440 8,187 . 2,967 ... 6,656 44,1091 1,081 Schools for Apecial education ... 87 8,918 1,262 170 187 28 1,633 1,046 10 409 185 8,918 - Total 70,129 1,442,811 409,388 247,308 971,298 01,310 080,2005) 409,212 6,318 14,242 80,00% 1,442,7536 OPI PRIVATE INSTIILTIONS. Advanced 2,028 20,326 10.048 78 809 85 11,001 6 20,396 tot .. 9,269 2,207 Eleruentury... 7,019 1,645 610 1,564 378 4,604 15 607 7,013 Toul 2,012 27,899 12,191 597 1,866 411 16,065 11,468 18 45 673 27,899 GRAND TOTAL 72,641 1,470,180 421,578 847,902 278.162 01,781 8,318 1,004,8843| 420,748 7,809 I. 14,287 30,675 1,470,0945 • Returns of 64 pupils have not been furnished. Ditto 18 ditto ditto. Ditto 9 ditto dittu, Exclusive of 88 pi pils whose returnu have not been furnished, 18. Of the pupils in all public institutions, 68 per cent. are Hindus, moro than 28 per cent. Mabomedans, nearly 1 per cent. Christians, and more than 2 per cent. aborigines. Of the Hindus at school, 42 per cent. belong to the dominant castes, nearly 25 per cent. to the Navasakhs, 27 per cent to the Bapias, &c., and more than 6 per cent. to the Domes and other low castes. In Arts colleges there are 2,067 of the high castes, against 496 of tho other castes, or more than 4 to 1. In professional colleges there are 659 Brahmans, &c., against 136 of the other castes. In high English schools the proportion is nearly 3 to 1, in middle English schools about % to 1, in middle vernacular about 3 to 2, in upper primary schools about 4 to 5, in lower primary about 1 to 2. ( ·8 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR GENERAL 19. The following table shows the social position and occupation of th parents of the pupils :- SUMMARY Abstract Return of Occupation of Purents or Guardians of Pupils at Colleges and Schools in Bengal for the year 1884-85. W- MIDDLE CLABBRA OF SOCIETY (TEARLY INCOM. FROM RS. 200 TO Rs. 5,000). POOBER OLAG BOP ROCIRTY (YEARLY INCOME NOT EXOEEDING RA. 800). CLASS OF INSTITUTIONS. Number of inetitutions, Number of pupils on the rolls on the 31st Marcb. Richer classes of society (rearly lacome above Rs. 5,000). Government service. Private service. Professions, Estatea. Common labour. Trades. Agriculture. Service. Skilled labour. Trades. Miscellaneous, Total, GBAXD TOTAL. Total. PupLic INSTITUTIONS. linuversity Edwoation. Arts collegos Professional 354 223 28 10 2.779 980 0 007 228 648 239 $58 116 277 78 2,178 712 114 08 86 8 39 11 09 10 952 192 2,779 980 10. Schrole for General Education, I. Boys' schools Hixh English Middle vernacular Upper primary Lower Girls' schools Schools for spooial education 249 53,272 70) 49,146 06,011 2,722 100,738 82,289 1,121,900 41,112 3,709 1,179 1,190 679 8,487 HDS 8,927 8,741 8,193 6,471 4,886 88,004 8,192 8,775 2,089 750 471 2,011 8,943 6,720 6,974 8,289 4,14% 24,3 8,6780) 8,001 3,6141 1,378 1,115 2,738 2,050 0,119 8,617 2,001 6,529 25,906 8,002 15,779 8,731 2,486 8,977 3,749 9,421 1,787 6,684 21,579 9,062 43,320 12.340 4,040) 4,178 4,14) 8,381 20,226 56,8tib 13,425 99,750 182,450 73,610 044,746 107,219 | 44,842 62,848 42,408 3,015 4,2014 3,930 2,211 3,526 17,450 6,246 9,888 4,630 1,57% 2,302 2,474 200 383 611 831 3R6 1,814 688 7911 238 72 108 210 13,317 63,041* 29,684 4,0737 88,986 coull 78,580 110,798 986.683 1,191,400 25,871 44,7456 2,017 3,918 13 2,354 57 3,118 100 Total 70,120 1,418,441 11,384 28,84901,239 99,149 28,004 | 63,999 289,950 100,331 780,771 156,831 | 10,044 | 73,100 68,084 1,107.841 1,423,175$ 1. PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS. HO Advanced Elementary 2,0:19 20,3% 7.0133 131 37 183 21 472 130 2, 281 1,337 77 737 601 1,244 4,401 1,080 9,703 3,314 939 363 1,620 701 B01 1,025 808 15,394 6,4911 20,320 7,013 Total 2,51% 27,899 108 217 611 2,340 1,411 1,098 6,8818 1,089 13,109 2,048 1,324 1,023 21,286 27,349 72,1141 1,470,180 11,662 20,088 51,870 95,595 30,104 05,237 203,898 111,020 742,980 198,6562,602 74,4:22 B4,1897 1,184,120 1,408,3145 (RAND TOTAL * Returns of 188 pupils huve not lopun furnished. + Ditto of 111 dillo duto. Ditto of 307 ditto ditto. Exclusiou of ditt pupils whose returns have not been furnished. 20. Of 2,779 pupils in Arts collegos, only 354 or more than 12 per cent. aro the sons of parents having a yearly income of over Rs. 5,000; whilo the parents of 252 or 9 per cent. have incomes not exceeding Rs. 200 a month. Two thousand one hundred and seventy-three or 78 per cent. are the sons of middlo class parents, whoso yearly incomo ranges from Rs. 200 to Rs. 5,000. This gives à vivid idea of the poverty of our college students. In professional colleges 96 or 10 per cent. belong to the upper classes, and 712 or 76 per cent. to the middle, while 122 or 13 per cent. belong to the poorer classes. In high English schools the proportion of middle class pupils is 67 per cent., in middle English 19 per cent., in middle vernacular 39 per cent., in upper primary 21 per cent., in lower primary 11 per cent. These figures speak for themselves. 21. The number of pupils in all classes of institutions, aided and unaided, is shown in the following table for each division :- IN PUBLIC INNTITUTIONS. IN PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS. DIVISION College's. Secondary whools. Primary Nolwols. Speinl schools. Total, Advanced, Elementary. Total. GRAND) TOTAL. 1944. 1895. 1884. 1880. 1881. 1885, 1881. 1895. 188+. 1895. 1984. 1886. 1881. 1885. 1884. 1985. 1881. 1885. 968 6841 IU 9,620 2,551 14,278 13,623 8,975 1.1 1601 31,780 34.905 137,086 491 20.1041 32.987 217,465 96 x2 19,01013,676 82,216 273 220 28,2016 129,065 216,561 2 10,(48 10.870 148,104 231 21N 16,804 16,467 147,1.54 0,842) 84,497 3,458 i5.11 86,807 361 38 4,099 4,839 106,890 747 12,814 10,04 11),163 224,828 84,947 2:45,14% 123.71 150,70 12,810 461,385 122,074 1621 31:1 RA 759 1,112 874 16 Calcutta Presidency Burdwani Rajshahyo Duca Chitingong Anna Bluxulpore (hofu Nnkpore Orins Orissa Tributary Mehulp Pupil in schools for Europian18 und BuriNILON through out the country 803) 6,472 197 189,119 876 347,84% 160' 115,100) 678 245,881 676 154.:86 5011 103,51) 94,MW 4,208 2181 110,823 97,023 291 4021 .. 129 201 6.91 175,417 1,003 268,728 1,207 1,864 890 1,701 1,847 3,615 98,170 918 421) 138 911 1,031 735 277,811 2.492 4,674 611 1,413 6.087 136,501 348 BO! 32 801 969 173,8327,1:34 10,653 6,813 1,663 12,051 | 18,1113 99,280 683 393 747 50,642 120 837) 1,704 886 1,849 078 127,166 8:20 887 1,012 Y81 1,887 1,148 14,706 118) 121) G 10 194 191 20,768 170,115 249,595 46,40 248,807 164,847 170,41% 96,812 42,807 119,059 97,554 196,081 202,087 99,905 283,894 186,316 145,034 90.977 61,305 198.914 6,97% 245 368 19,443 16 10) 1. 13,613 18,887 14,836 .. .. 0,162 6,604 703 746 6,856 6,400 3,773 3,700 102,046 173,468 1,190,602 1,202,787 4,871 3,015 1,307,881 1,443,841 14,710 20,3% 10,618 7,018 25,228 3,963 6,409 27,999 1,892,809 1,470,180 Total ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 9 GENERAL SUMNARI, CONTROLLING The falling off in the number of primary school pupils in the Chittagong Division is due to the measures taken to exclude pathsalas and maktabs of an inferior character. The falling off in special schools in the Chittagong Division has been accounted for in a previous paragraph by the transfer of 35 kyoungs to the head of indigenous private institutions. In Chota Nagpore 71 Mission and other schools with 1,216 pupils have been transferred to the list of public institutions. II.-CONTROLLING AGENCIES. 22. Mr. A. W. Croft took 13 months' furlough from the 8th of March 1885, and I was appointed to officiate as Director of Public Instruction. 23. The following changes took place in the staff of higher inspecting officers during the year-Mr. C. B. Clarke left for Aceam under the orders of the Government of India on the 14th of February, and Baboo Radhika Prasanna Mukherji, Assistant Inspector, Presidency Division, was appointed to officiate as Inspector of the Presidency Circle : Baboo Jagat Chandra Banerjee was appointed to officiate for him as Assistant Inspector. From the beginning of the official year until the 9th of October, Dr. Martin was in charge of both the Eastern and Rajshahye Circles, with Baboo Dina Nath Sen as his Joint- Inspector in the Eastern Circle. On the 6th of October Mr. G. Bellett returned from leave, and received charge of the Rajshahye Circle from Dr. Martin. Dr. Martin took privilege loave for threo months from the 7th of November, and Baboo Dina Nath Sen officiated for him. Baboo Brahmo Mohun Mallik remained in charge of the Western Circle throughout the year, with Baboo Radha Nath Rai as Joint-Inspector in Orissa. Mr. A. M. Nasli continued to be Inspector of European Schools during the year, and Mr. Lefeuvre was temporarily appointed as Assistant Inspector. In February Mr. Bamford arrived from England, and took over the duties of Assistant Inspector. 24. The following table shews the amount of work done by the Inspectors of Schools with their Joint and Assistant Inspectors- Statement of work done by the Inspectors of Schools and their Assistants during the ycar 1884-85. NAME OP OFFICER, Days on inspection. Schools Visited, 38 25 22 16 99 200) 13 10 149 .. ... 130 142 .. 16 200 Mr. C. R Clarke, M.A., Inspoctor of Schools, Presideuey Circle (for 10 month*)* Bahoo Radhika Prasanna Mukherji, Officiating Inspector of Schools, Presidency Circle (for two months) Baboo Radhika Prasanna Mukherji, Assistant Inspector of Schools, Presidency Division (for 10 mouths) ... Baboo Jagat Chunder Banerji, Otliciatiug Assistant Inspector of Schools, Prosidency Division (for 25 days) Baboo Bireswar Chakravarti, Assistant Iuspector of Schools, Chota Nagporc , Buboo Brahma Mohan Mullick, Inspector of Schools, Western Cirolo Dr. C. A. Martin, Inspector of Schools, Eastern Circlo. Also in temporary charve of the Rajshahye Circlo from 1st April 1884 to 5th October 18847 Mr. G. Bellett, M.A., Inspector of Schools, Rajshahye Circle, from 6th October 1884 to 31st March 1886 Mr. John vauSumuron Popo, Inspector of Schools, Behar Circle Baboo Dina Nath Sen, Joint-Inspector of Schools, Darca. Circlef Mr. E. R. Tiery, B.A., Assistant Inspector of Schools, Patna Division Baboo Mathura Nath Chatterji, M.A., Assistant Inspector of Schools, Bhagulporo Division Baboo Radha Nath Roy, Joint-Inspector of Schools, Orissa Division Mr. A. M. Nash, M.A., Inspector of European Schools Mr. K. Le Feuvro, tumporary Assistant Inspector of European Schools, for eight months, from June 1884 Mr. H. A. Bamford, Assistant Inspuctor of Europoan Schools, for two months, from February 1885 131 182 152 110 176 173 185 216 190 173 218 107 00 67 99 • Wan employed as a Profew or in the Presidency College in addition to his own duties from 1st July 1984 to 1st January 18635. + Wns on privilege love for three months from 7th November 1884. Habo Dina Nnth Sen neted as in pector. Had ondire obargo vf the Easteru Circko for three months during the absouco ou privilege leave of Dr. C. A Martın. 25. It was pointed out in last year's report that the work of the Inspector of European Schools is of a different kind from that of any other Inspector. It was also pointed out that the Presidency Inspector is necessarily much more confined to head-quarters than the Inspectors of the other circles. During a ·10 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR CONTROLLING AGENCIES. great part of last year, Mr. Clarke was employed to teach mathematics to the higher classes in the Presidency College in addition to his other duties. As it is impossible for Inspectors to visit overy school in situ, primary schools are assembled at gatherings for their inspection. In this way Dr. Martin inspected 118 primary schools, containing 3,376 pupils, at 30 gatherings. Mr. Bellott inspected 46 pathsalas at seven gatherings. Baboo Radha Nath Ray saw in this way. 372. pathsalas containing 2,783 pupils. Dr. Martin writes that in spite of his strict injunctions to Deputy Inspectors to have no more than five or six pathsalas assembled at one place, the schools are so numerous in some places and the desire to show themselves to the Inspectors so grent, that he has found as many as 12 pathsalas assembled. 26. The following statement shews the amount of work done by Deputy Inspectors during the year- Statement of work done by Deputy Inspectors of Schools during the year 1884-85. DISTRICTS, Daya on tour, Number Visits to of schools secondary visited. schools. Secondary schools unior inspection. REMARKS. 110 81 Rurdwan HOU Burdwani Bankoora Divi- Beerbhoom Midnaporo Hooghly (Howrah 179 199 165 181 149 735 288 810 167 177 218 224 181 127 78 90 117 88 There is an additional Deputy Inspoctor for Secondary schools in Burdwan, whose work is not shown in this statement. 14 107 61 ..d ... . ... 169 290 107 78 Average for the division Caloutta 197 8 . .. .. 108 148 I. (94-Pergunnahs Nuddaa Proaidency Divi- { Janare Bion Khulna Moorshedabad 921 164 159 1660) 147 294 177 203 2018 210 87 127 101 80 70 30 16. .. 167 2A2 100 80 . 128 191 188 1835 173 Average for the division (Dinagapore Rajulahyo Rajshahye Divi. Rungporo Pubria Bogra Darjeeling (Julpigorge Average for tho division 145 838 14 3.58 809 67 87 97 139 82 ... PE 28 02 B1 28 DIONI I. ...... The Deputy Ingpootor WAS un special dut. 102 176 85 My I. 161 226 91 36 111 .. .. 149 170 88 129 248 201 144 213 148 70 89 79 .. .. 120 . Dacca Tcra Division ... Hurreedpore Mymonsingh Backurguuge Avocare for the division Chittagong Divi. Chittagong Nonkholly BIOT Commillah 192 229 104 94 10. 11. ... .. 168 107 185 189 394 916 48 28 72 .. 78 81 ... 14 .. Average for the division 150 197 49 . .. ... . ... 03 73 135 46 82 .. 209 166 178 106 102 160 198 ..) 224 311 170 179 201 181 178 81 34 80 20 13 17 20 .. ... 20 61 Patna Olya Shahabad Patna Divinion Barun Chumnarun HozwTerporo (Durbhungu .. Avorugo for tho division Monghyr Bhagyılporo Bhagalpore Dvi. Purneuh NION Maldah Sonthal Porgunnabs 168 177 69 28 26 .. ..) ... 184 208 207 ICA 100 247 298 811 200 180 . 05 49 85 28 25 19 Average for the division 188 239 64 20 . . . ... Onana Division Cuttack Poor Balasore 164 146 145 229 177 187 70 29 70 34 20 . 181 101 60 25 14 . .. .. 00 21 Averago for the division Flaxaribagh Chota Nagporo Lobardugga Division Manbhoom Bingbhoom Avorage for the division ... 10 384 144 178 211 m8 820 208 688 18 88 198 16 13 ... 27. The last report states that every Deputy Inspector should be out on tour 150 days in the year. It will be soon from the above table that only 11 officers fell short of this limit, against 18 in the previous year. The Dacca average is again lower than that of any other division, and the average of the Chota Nagpore Division is the highest, as in the previous year. Dr. Martin remarka that Baboo Brajendra Kumar Guba, Deputy Inspector of Mymensingh, who was only absent from Head-quarters for 88 days in 1884-85, and for 70 in the ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 11 CONTROLLINO AGRXÇIRS. previous year, is an excellent organizer, and 8008 that the plans which he originates are carried out, but has not attended sufficiently to his inspection duties. Dr. Martin does not consider the inspection work of any of the Deputy Inspectors in the Dacca Division thoroughly satisfactory. He is inclined to apply a more elaborate test to an inspecting officer's work than is furnished by the statistics of the table given above. Še remarks: “Hitherto we have gauged the quality of an inspecting officor's work principally by the number of days spent by him out of bead-quartors. I now propose that it should be tested by three standards: (1) the number of days spent on tour, (2) the number of schools inspected in situ, and (3) the number of miles travelled as compared with the number of schools inspected. He is of opinion that a Deputy Inspector should inspect a school for every ten miles he travels, and that he should inspect one primary school for each day's absence from headquarters, visiting all the secondary schools of his district." Tried by this test, he considers that the inspection work done by Baboo Tarak Nath Sen was the best in the division, In the Burdwan Division the Deputy Inspectors have been, with one exception, moved from one district to another, and therefore the above figures do not give a correct idea of the amount of work done by cach individual officer. If the figures are separated so as to shew the personal activity of oach Deputy Inspector holding a permanent appointment, it will be found that Baboo Bhoobun Mohan Neogy heads the list in the Burdwan Division. There has boon a decided improvement in the Presidency Division. Baboo Jagat Chandra Banerjea, who has since retired from the service, displayed last year his usual activity. The Officiating Presidency Inspector justly remarks that “he will long be missed by the department which he served so faithfully for upwards of thirty years." "In the Rajshahyo Division the Deputy Inspectors of Pubna, Rajshahye, and Bogra have each done very good work, and the work of the Deputy Inspector of Rungpore has been well above the required amount. The Deputy Inspector of Dinagepore has been in a bad state of health, and was absent three months on leave. The Deputy Inspoctor of Julpigoreo, Baboo Prabhat Chandra Sen, excuses his inactivity on the ground that travelling in his district being accomplished by means more rupid than elsewhere, his quarterly inspections are completed rapidly. This excuse does not seem satisfactory to the Inspector or to the Commissioner. In the Chittagong Division the Deputy Inspector of Noakholly was only absent 107 days from head-quarters. Ile says that on account of work connected with primary fund operations he was unable to devote more of his time to inspection. In the Patna Division Moulvi Abdul Rahim, instead of standing last, as he did last year, stands first in the number of days spent out of head-quarters. The average for the Bhagulpore Division is satisfactory; but Mr. Pope is not satisfied with the Deputy Inspector of the Sonthal Pergunnahs. There was some shifting of Deputy Inspectors in the Patna and Bhagulpore Divisions. The work performed by the Deputy Inspector of Hazaribagh is very praiseworthy, especially as he appears to have heavy clerical duties in addition to his inspecting work. He heads the list, having been 254 days on tour. Next to him comes the Deputy Inspector of the 24-Pergunnahs with 221 days, The average for the whole of Bengal appears to have been 165 days, against 156 in the preceding year. 28. The inspection of secondary schools is declared to be the chief duty of Deputy Inspectors, but there appears to be in somo circles a tendency among Deputy Inspectors to overgrcat neglect of primary schools. To obviate this tendency, Dr. Martin issued a circular calling on Deputy Inspectors to inspect on an average one primary school for each day's absence from head-quarters. To complaints that this would involve less. attention to secondary schools, Dr. Martin replied that all he required was such an examination of primary schools as would occupy a Deputy Inspector for an hour a day. Mr. Pope also complains that Deputy Inspectors are losing touch of primary education and leaving it to Sub-Inspectors. With a view to check this evil, he took away from the Deputy Inspectors their power of inspecting zillah schools. There is a slight falling off this year in the number of secondary schools visited in the Presidency, Patna, and Bhagulpore Divisions, while in the Chota Nagpore and Orissa Divisions there is a very considerable increase. The average for the whole of Bengal has risen from 72 to 81. The number of schools of all kinds visited has increased in every division but Orissa, where the average has fallen from 202 to 191. The Deputy Inspector of Singbhoom appears to have visited the largest number of schools, having visited this year B 2 ·12 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR CONTROLLING AOBNOINS 633, against 435 in 1883-84. Next comes the Deputy Inspector of Hazaribagh with 508 schools. The Deputy Inspector of the 24-Pergunnahs appears to have visited the largest number of secondary schools, viz. 166. Next to him comes the Deputy Inspector of Burdwan with 151 schools. The large number inspected in Shahabad (135) is to be explained, as in the former year, by the fact that the Deputy Inspector does not hold central pathsala gatherings. The very small number of visits recorded for Chumparun is accounted for by Baboo Baldeo Ram having been under suspension for several months, and his successor, Baboo Sajjivan Lal, not having taken over charge until the 28th September. The smallest number of schools visited was in Gya (111). The Deputy Inspector of Mymensingh, in spite of his having been absent from head-quarters for a shorter period than any other Deputy Inspector, has managed to inspect 144 schools The number of schools of all kinds inspected in the Patna Division is lower than in any other. This was also the case last year. 29. The following table shews the amount of work done by the Sub- Inspectors of each district taken together, and the average for each division- Statement of work done by Sub-Inspectors of Schools during the year 1884-85. D18TRICTS. Number of Sub- Inspectors. Days on tour. Number of schools visitud. Schools under Napoution. REMARKS. Burdwan Division. 1,101 6433 . Burdwan Bankoort Bearbhoom Midnapore Hooghly Howrah 6 3 3 10 5* st 2,099 1,874 628 4,8801 2,41 679 1,578 1,020 89 4,200 1,715 818 2,017 1,100 472 Including oducation clerk. + Ditto ditto. Avarage for the division-29 officers 211 870 . ... ... 9 6 6 Inoluding one Municipal Sub- Inspector. .. 2,082 1,328 1,180 8.98 983 9,871 2,841 2,587 1,782 1,872 1,721 820 1,218 968 000 RO! 110 ... ... 221 419 186 ID 6 90 Including education clerk, ... 1,805 881 1,0982 889 399 198 078 2,690 1,110 1,178 1,978 782 108 725 648 898 952 844 008 30 241 I. $ Ditto ditto, .. .. 81! Ditto ditto. 209 318 .. ... 164 . Prasidoncy Division, 24-Porgunnahs Nuddoa JHBBore Khulna Moorshodabad Averago for the division-29 officert Rajshahya Division. Dinagenore Rajshabyo Rungpore l'ubna Borra Darjouling Julpigores Average for the division-28 officers Dacca Divistoti, Dacoa Kurrned porn Mymensingh Burisaul Average for the division-20 officers Chittagong Division, Chittagong Noakholly Tippurah Chittagong Hill Tractor Average for the division-10 oficors Paina Division. Patna Gya Shahabad Sarun Chumparun Mozutforpore Durhbunga Avenge for the division-24 oflloers 8 4 3,0m ... ... . 1. 1,727 964 864 1,910 2,448 1,331 1,184 1,404 . ... 6 4,818 8,188 . 249 317 074 2 d. ... 467 808 888 263 681 1,36% 1,487 78 892 1,61 2,796 82 S. 1 Including Kyoungo in the Chittagong distriot. 100 ... 220 848 ... 844 ... . S 4 4 ... 341 887 771 90% 303 887 642 1,084 1,469 1,4:1 1,809 879 1,487 1,200 ... 2,169 1.888 1,461 1,818 1,888 1,784 1,684 4 8 ** Ezoluding acboole. indigenous . 11. . I. ... 208 870 604 ... 20 bed 8 4 . ... ... J. . 810 942 846 404 1,100 .. 2,848 2,881 1,175 408 978 ... 1,891 1,850 2,912 918 1,838 ++ Including education olork. . . tt 6 ... 110 .. . 198 846 378 M 6 ... •1. ... ... ... ... 1.013 481 807 Bhayulpore Division. Monghyr Bhagulpore Parranh Maldub Boatha) Perguanaba Averago for tbe division-20 officers Orinsa Division. Cuttack Poorou Balasore Orinda Tributary Mahala Average for the division-14 oflloer Chota Nagpore Division. Hazaribagh Loharduga Manbhoom singbroin Average for the division-21 officers A. 2,926 896 1,071 1,089 4,732 2,006 2,805 1,181 ... .. 1,854 1. . . 498 703 958 ... . .. ... 26 840 890 617 882 873 . ... ... 1,727 987 1,239 tha :: Including educatinn clerk Ditto ditto. Ditto 2 4. 808 210 410 199 ·F PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 13 CONTROLLING AGENCIES manner. 30. The number of days travelled this year by Sub-Inspectors is above the required limit of 200 in every division except Bhagulpore. The average for the whole of Bengal is 215 days, against 204 in the previous year. The average for the Orissa and Dacca Divisions is the highest, as was also the case last year. The average for the Bhagulpore division has been reduced by the low average of the Sonthal Pergunnahs, and this has been brought down by the small amount of work done by Baboo Baroda Prosad Sarkar, Sub- Inspector of Dumka, and the two Sonthal Sub-Inspectors Kanhai Majhi and John Chand Roy. The last named two officers were appointed in the latter part of the year, and the insufficiency of their work is therefore satisfactorily explained. Dr. Martin has applied the three tests mentioned in a previous paragraph to the work of all the Sub-Inspectors in the Dacca and Furreedpore districts, and pronounces the result satisfactory. With the work of the other two districts he is not so well pleased. Jessore is the only district in the Presidency Division where the average fulls short of the prescribed minimum. In the 24-Pergunnahs the work of the Sub-Inspector of the Suburbs of Calcutta paid by the municipality was beluw the mark. There has been a decided improvement in Burdwan, which the Inspector attributes to the rules laid down last year. But the Inspector justly remarks that the work and activity of Sub-Inspectors cannot be judged solely by the number of days spent out of head-quarters nor by tho number of schools visited in situ. In order to form a just estimate of the work of any inspecting officer, we must know whether ho is in the habit of examining schools carefully and minutely, or in a perfunctory In the Chittagong district the kyoung examiner works for six months as a Sub-Inspector. The kyoungs lie far apart, and the country through which he has to travel is very difficult. In Rajshahye Mr. Bellott is satisfied with the tours of all the Sub-Inspectors, except Baboo Krishna Lal Sanyal of Pubna, who was absent from head-quarters for only 183 days in the year, and Baboo Jadu Nath Chakravarti who only travelled for 164 days. The Chota Nagpore Sub-Inspectors appear to have done well. Among them Baboo Kalikananda Mookerjee of Dhalbhoom is singled out for special commendation. 31. The number of visits paid to schools in situ is highest in the Burdwan Division, where an average of 449 visits for each Sub-Inspector has been attained. Next come the Prosidency and Orissa Divisions with 443 and 428 respectively. The averago is lowest in the Rajshahye Division. It has already been stated that Mr. Bollett is not satisfied with Baboo Krishna Lal Sanyal of Pubna, who only visited 207 schools in 183 days, and Baboo Jadu Nath Chakravarti, who paid only 113 visits in situ; but the inactivity of this latter officer is ascribed to bad hoalth. Baboo Tarini Charan Mookerjee of Rungpore is said to pay too much attention to middle schools, and to neglect his primary schools. The schools in the Dinagepore district are scattered and backward, and yet Baboo Krishna Gopal Chatterjee visited 550 schools in 265 days. Mr. Bellett considers the visits too numerous for the time. The largest number of visits in the Burdwan Division was paid by Baboo Rasik Lal Bhaduri, Sub-Inspector of Kutwa, in Burdwan. In the Presidency Division Baboo Arun Chandra Ganguli, Sub-Inspector of Kandi, in Moorshedabad, paid 742 visits in 268 days. This figure seems almost too high, considering the number of days during which he was on tour. The average for the Chota Nagpore Division is satisfactory, when it is taken into consideration that the province is hilly and sparsely populated. The average for the Dacoa Division has risen from 266 to 317 and for the Chittagong Division from 244 to 348. Mr. Pope does not consider the number of visits paid in the Sonthal Pergunnahs satisfactory. He is of opinion that the Deputy Inspector is principally to blame for this, as he should have kept his Sub-Inspectors better up to the mark. In Orissa the Sub-Inspector of Jajpur, Baboo Raghunath Ghose, is returned as having visited 997 schools in situ in 236 days. Mr. Croft's remarks in last year's report seem applicable to this case. His inspection of the schools he visited cannot have been of a very thorough character. 32. I* the Presidency Division 127 chief gurus paid 7,843 visits to subpathsalas. In Calcutta, two inspecting, pundits paid 1,034 visits to primary sobools. There are no chief gurus in the 24-Pergunnahs, Nuddea, and Moorshedabad, but arrangements are in progress in all these districts for a more or less complete adoption of the chief-guru system. In the Burdwan Division the 35 inspecting pundits and 306 chief gurus paid 45,587 visits to the rural pathsalas." In the Bhagulpore division 343 chief gurus paid 61,481 visits to schools, against 70,879 visits paid last year. The decline took place in the Bhagulpore and Monghyr districts. In the Patna Division 430 chief gurus paid 109,058 visits. In the Orissa Division 95 inspecting pundits paid ·14 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR CONTKOLLING AU&NCURS. 58,092 visits. In Pooree 10 inspecting abadbans or chief gurus paid 1,926 visits. The Joint-Inspector remarks that the services of the abadhans would long ago have been dispensed with but for want of funds. In the Dacca district 13 inspecting pundits paid 6,784 visits. In Furreodpore five inspecting pundits paid 1,654 visits, and for the last three months 113 chief gurus were employed, who paid 5,143 visits. In Backergunge 83 chief gurus were replaced after six months by 29 inspecting pundits, as the villagers complained that the chief gurus neglected their own pathsalas. In all 16,222 visits were paid. In Mymensingh five inspecting pundits and 150 chief gurus were employed. The inspecting pundits paid 2,770 visits to schools in situ, and the chief gurus paid 58,674 visits. 33." In last year's report Mr. Croft remarked that inspecting pundits are a more expensive agency than chief gurus, and gave other reasons for looking to the multiplication of chief gurus rather than of inspocting pundits for the continued extension of our subordinate inspecting agency. At the same time he remarks that he certainly would not interfere with inspectin pundits in any district in which they are found to work well. In the present year the question of the comparative merits of these officers has been raised by Mr. Pope, who writes as follows of the chief guru system-" This system has had a fair trial, and it is time now to replace it by the iuspecting pundit system. * The chief guru system is a system that works woll enough as long as the chief gurus remain in their primitive stage, which is one of comparative ignorance and consequent loss of efficiency. As soon as he passes and he is made to do so for the sake of efficiency-the upper or middle scholarship examination, he wants higher wages, and the system breaks down. The chief gurus as a body are doing very little to improve primary education: they do not know how to. It is a rule that every chief guru's pathsala shall be an upper primary one; but many of the gurus have not passed, and cannot pass, the upper primary examination. The result is that the inspection of other upper primary schools is a farce, and a large number of schools are classod as upper primary that are not even good lower primary. The appointment of a smaller number of men in each district whose whole time and not only Sundays shall be spent in inspection; men of higher attairments on a consolidated pay of Rs. 20, i.e. Rs. 15 salary and Rs. 5 travelling allowance, and with a definite sphere of work, will vastly improve and spread primary education. “I night add that the chief guru system opens the door to many malpractices." 34. I have thought it desirable to give this prominence to Mr. Pope's views, as they seem to harmonize with the experience of some districts in other circles. At the same time I suppose that henceforth district boards will have in their hands the control of the lower inspecting agency, and will appoint chief gurus or inspecting pundits, and fix their salaries according to their own judg. ment. It is therefore too late to think of adopting any uniform system for the whole of Behar, as Mr. Pope seems to recommend, even if it were in itself desirable. Otherwise I might remark that it seems difficult to get over Mr. Croft's objection that an inspecting pundit is after all but an inferior kind of Sub-Inspector, and that his salary is not largo enough to put him out of the reach of temptation. There is no reason to suppose that malpractices are confinod to the chief guru agency. As long as officers are insufficiently remunorated, it is useless to expect from them a high standard of virtue. It has been found nocessary to raise the pay of third grade Sub-Inspectors in accordance with the suggestion in last year's report. The suggested appointmont of 80 additional Sub-Inspectors has not been carried out this year for financial reasons, though additional Sub-Inspectors are much required, notably in the Chittagong district, where the Commissioner remarks that 'two Sub- Inspectors are simply lost, in Orissa, and in Chota Nagporo. 35. The functions of District Educational Committees were defined in last year's report, The largest number of meetings held in the Presideney Division was held by the District Committee of Moorshedabad, which met four times. The Jessore Committee of 25 members met three times, with an average attendance of six members, to consider matters relating to primary education, and the management of the zillah school and hostels. The Midnapore Committee held two meetings of 11 members to consider principally the affairs of tho zillah school. The Bankoora Committee met four times on business of a similar nature, The largest number of meetings held in Orissa was six at Balasore. In Chota Nagpore the Manbhoom Committee met 11 times. The Singbloom Committee met seven times, but had the largest number of members present. In the Bhagulpore Division the number of ·&F PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 15 CONTROL.LING AGENCIES. meetings held varied from five in Monghyr to one in Purneah and the Sonthal Pergunnahs. At Shahabad the District Committee met four times; at Chumparun three times, but with an average attendance of nine out of 16 members. Mr. Pope remarks: " It does not appear that the Committees have troubled themselves too much about education. I doubt whether the majority of the members have much personal acquaintance with primary education or knowledge of the interior of the district for which they form the Committee. With the few exceptions of men who have this knowledge, and who add to it an interest in education, the members as a rule leave the work to be done by the Vice-President and the Deputy Inspector, who, after all, are the best authorities on the subject.” In Dacca one meeting was held, in Furreedpore three, in Backergunge three, and in Mymensingh two, At Backergunge the average number of members present was 10 out of 19; at Mymensingh three out of 13. Dr. Martin is of opinion that the “non-official members of the District Education Committees do not take much interest in educational matters." It is to be hoped that the District and Local Boards appointed under the Local Self-Government Act, which will apparently have much more extensive powers, in respect of primary education at any rate, will exhibit more enthusiasm. IIT.- UNIVERSITY EDUCATION. 36. The number of Government Colleges was thirteen-the same as in the preceding year. Tho aided colleges were five, as in the preceding year. No alteration has taken place in the grade of these institutions. The unaided colleges are now seven in number, as the Jagannath College, Dacca, has been affiliated to the University up to the standard of the F.A. Examination, with effect from the 1st of April 1883. The designation of the Presidency Institution has been changed, and it is now called the Ripon College. This college has been affiliated to the University up to the B.A. standard, with effect from the 1st of June 1885. For the purpose of this report it must therefore be considered as a second grade college. The first grade unaided colleges are therefore the Metropolitan Institution, the City College, and the Calcutta Martinière: the remaining four colleges teach up to the F.A. standard only. 37. The following statement gives the usual information with regard to attendance and expenditure- Statement of attendance in Colleges for general education. UNIVERSITY EDUCATION NUNUDB ON THX ROLLS AT THP WXD OP TIE TKAR. COLLEGES-GENERAL. Monthly foo. 1881. 1882. 1988. 1884. 1888. Re. 34 8R3 (6)67 ... UP. 166 286 ... a. Govornmond Presidency College Banstrit Hooghly Dacos Kishnaghur Berbamporo Patna Ravensbaw (Outtack) Rajsbahya Midnapore Chittagung Bethune Babool'(college classes) Caloutta Madrubb ... NUOLO waaaaaa 874 (2) 68 194 21) 58 88 180 88 85 11 17 204 (d) 58 141 149 48 81 174 09 194 257 80 39 102 30 68 16 19 B .. 842 (c)86 180 240 89 27 178 32 81 19 22 5 20 4. 88 188 89 74 18 16 3. OR. ... .. .. 29 6 16 . Total 4.-. 1,200 1,806 1,298 1,211 940 Aided 6 . 601 148 165 878 Gononl Aabembly's College, Oaloutta Press Church Mt. Xavier's Doveton London Mission Bhowaniporo 102 288 142 68 81 221 78 66 63 980 198 I. 170 1 . ... 60 59 70 13 Total 808 898 961 713 877 Magided . Fres S 20 980 68 La Martiniere, Calcutta Metropolitan Institution City College Msharajah's College, Burdwan Albert College Bipon College Jagannath College, Dacca 7 811 108 32 P. Free 400 108 80 88 26 300 176 101 88 08 ...... 608 186 97 A 88 418 ... 8 ac .. I. 11.06 20.. . . .. ... ..... ... Total 438 640 038 909 968 . GRAID TOTAL 2,526 2,746 . 2,887 2,880 3,779 Inclusive of 23 students studying for the Hanskrit title examination, Ditto 88 ditto ditto ditto, Ditto 20 ditto ditto ditto. Ditto 19 ditto ditto ditto. 38. From these figures it would appear that there is a decrease of 47 students in the Arts colleges. But this decrease is probably only nominal. It is mainly due to the change in the date of the University examinations.

·16 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR UNIVERAITY EDUCATION, The regulations of the University require that, in order to be admitted to the F.A. and B.A. examinations, a student should read two years in an affiliated college. It was accordingly found on the 31st of December 1884 that the majority of the second and fourth year students in Government Colleges had completed the required period of attendance, and it was not considered fair to make them pay fees for the three following months of 1885. This explains to a great extent the decrease of 265 students in Government Colleges. It must, however, be observed that the Principal of the Patna College retained the names of some students on the books after they had left the college. This appears to have been done at Midnapore also. The Principal of the Krishnaghur Collego gives the figures as they stood on the 31st of December. The figure 141 of the Hooghly College is nominal, as it includes students who had left tho college after completing the two yoars' course. The mere fact that the number of students on the rolls of the Presidency College ou the 31st of December 1884 was 325, while the number on the rolls at the end of the year under report was 204, shows that the explanation given above is satisfactory. It is possible that the holding of the supplomentary examination in May 1884 has to a certain extent reduced the strength of the Arts colloges. It may safely be assumed that of the 334 candidates who passed the F.A. aud of the 02 who passed the B.A. examination, many would otherwise have joined the colloges for a course of six months' reading. But on the other hand it is known that some of the candidates who passed the F.A. supplementary examination in June have joined affiliated colleges with the view of continuing their studios up to the B.A. examination. 39. Taking the figures as they stund, it appears that thero is a decrease of 265 students in Government Colleges, against an increase of 164 in aided and 54 in unaided colloges. The only Government Colleges in which there is any increasc are the Berhamporo College, the Midnapore College, the Hooghly College and the Bethune School. Amoug the aided colleges the General Assembly's Institution has recovered from its temporary depression, and bids fair to regain some of its old popularity. Its numbers have risen from 165 to 174. A slight increase has taken place in all the remaining collegos, except the Doveton, which has lost ono student. The unaided colleges still continue to advance, and the Jagannath College has already 48 students. The Metropolitan Institution still remains at the head of the list with its 508 students, against 500 in the procoding year. In tho Martiniere a large decrease seems to have taken place, and there is a slight falling off in the Maharajali's College, Burdwan, and the Albert College. 40. The following table shews tho distribution of college students at the end of the year 1884-85- Statement shuring the distribution of the students attending the Colleges for general education during the year 1884-85. NAUK OF COLLEGE. First-year. Second-year. Third-year. Fourth-year. M.A. Total Government- 01 38 17 73 0 S ... 20 For M. A. 0 Sw218. titlo 19 1 1 79 21 31 51 8 15 3 7 ...... Presidency Collogo Sanskrit Mooghly L'ACCA Krishnaxhur Berlawwporu Patna Ravenshaw (Cutluck) Rajshahyo Midnapore Chittagong Hethuno school (Colluge Depilrtment). Culcutta Mudrumah (ditto) 88 16 20) 12 52 11 2014 52 141 149) 48 31 174 90 87 2x 22 15 1 7 32 8 21 .... 36 ..... 1 15 14 ...." . 02 . I... .... I.... 15 16 Total 5 405 192 237 04 948 Aided 60 9 ... 122 05 General Assembly's College Free Church $t. Xuvier's Doveton London Mission (Blowumpore) Total 40 81 10 il 23 874 3x9 108 20 30 11 12 ...a 8 70 17 1... 245 290 266 129 18 877 Uuarded ... ..... 140 74 LF Martipiero Metropolitan Instituhon City College Muharajah's Colloge, Kurdwan Albert College Ripon Jagannath : Vucca 108 71 EL 29 ..... 121 64 86 12 ...... 606 185 97 84 82 II ..... ..... 11... ..... ..... S3 18 . ...... ..... Total 498 280 200 74 8 988 .. GRAND TOTAL 1,088 881 703 201 06 2,779 ·"OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 17 41. The following statement shews the expenditure in colleges roceiving grants from the State UNIVERSITY EDUCATION. Statement of expenditure in Colleges for general education. EXPENDITURE IN 1884-88 COST PEB ANNUM FOR BACI STUDENT COLLEGB8-GENERAL. Number of pupils on the rolls on the Slot March 1885, drerage monthly roll number, Averge daily attend. ance. From Stato From foos, funds, &c. Total, From State From feos funds. &c. l'otal. Rs. Re. Rs. Rs. A, P. RB, A, P. Rs. 4. P. 256 *** 204 82 141 149 42,895 1,105 > ) ... 112 167 +0 2 . 804 52 113 NA 48 29 181 32 Govornmont- Presidency College Nanskrit Hooghly Duxen Kishnaghur Borhampore Patna Ravenshaw (Cuttack) Rajshahyo Midnapore Chittagong Betbune School (College classes), Calcutta Madrasah 1,01,138 20.0161 42,214 20.167 14,549 11,850 38,439 11 . 1,49,8:33 22,1450 61,6513 41,8363 18.735 13,520 30,811 17,90 23,-489 3,300 832 11 0 MIX 14 LVS 8 180 % 11 303 1 4 408 0 11 2149 1.53 40 107 64 81 174 18,079 4,187 1,670 12,002 2,310 14,161 4.377 1,083 204 +I. 168 27 76 16 21 149 71 473 2 1 23 7 125 18 1 GA (8 361 98 83 6 5 2:2 8 6 87 38 3:10 5 (1) 67 9 4 46%) 9 3 06 4 11 280 14 80 1% 0 34 1 0) 102 10) 209 15 218 13 7 1987 201 8 68 12 9 710 12 9 1 . 20 9.338 29 3,351 3,200 6 3,584 152 6 652 0 1 () 15 19 14 ... 18,740 412 17,152 933 10 11 2110 11 953 6 10 Total 1 130 ... 3,09,819 1,08,770 4,19,589 2718 13 97 2 4 900 0 240 2105 107 197 182 ... 274 29 198 SA 70 General Assembly's College Frer Church St. Xavier's Doveton London Mission Bhowampore. Total 1.18 1,300 6,800 4,200) 2.800 3,000 40.288 27,480 28,070 3,8038 14,182 10.58 31,080 33,170 0.63A 15,452 20 40 24 13 0 % 1% 9 57 2 3 4 78 107 13 10 10% 4 191 00 78 15 0 140 1 11 194 1 10 128 1 11 287 9 () 136 18 236 92 11 49 605 1 477 707 648 r. 22.000 1.35,989 20 13 147 71 177 4 1,13,088 2,22,861 GRAND TOTAL 1,823 1,897 1,557 8,26,719 5,10,677 172 37 117 7 9 289 11 • Found by dividing the expendituro ly the avorago monthly roll number, 42. The total expenditure upon Government and aided colleges continues to advance. In 1883-84 it was Rs. 5,13,877. In 1884-85 it amounted to Rs. 5,49,577, of which Rs. 3,26,713 were Government expeuditure, and Rs. 2,22,864 wero dorived from fees, fincs, &c. The corresponding figures in the previous year were Rs. 2,87,614 from Governniont, and Rs. 2,26,203 from othor sources. In other words, Government exponditure has increased by Rs. 39,099, and tho contributions from privato sources have decreased by Rs 3,399. In Government Colleges the Government expenditure has advanced from Rs. 2,65,413 to Rs. 3,03,813-an incroase of Rs. 38,400—and the contribution from private sources has diminished from Rs. 1,17,222 to Rs. 1,09,776- a loss of Rs. 7,446. The large advance in the expenditure from State funds on Government Colleges is due mainly to the falling off of fees during the months of January, February, and March. There is a considerable reduction of charges at Krishnaghur and Midnapore, and a slight reduction at Dacca and Chittagong. There is an incrcase of Rs. 700 in Government expenditure on aided colleges, due to the revision of the grants to aided colleges made in July 1884, by which the grants to the Free Church Institution and the Doveton College were increased, and the grant to tho General Assembly's College diminishod; but on the other hand the income from private scurces has increased by Rs. 4,016. 43. The total annual cost of each student, estimated by dividing the expenditure by the average monthly roll number, has increased in Government Colleges from Rs. 337 to Rs. 366. The State contribution has risen from Rs. 234 to Rs. 269, and tho contribution from private sources has dininishod from Rs. 103 to Rø. 97. In aided collogos the total cost has risen from Rs. 157 to Rs. 177, the cost to the State being Rs. 30 instead of Rs. 27, and the contribution from private sources Rs. 147, against Rs.130 in the previous year. Tho increase in the Presidency College (trom Rs. 270 to Rs. 332) is explained partly by the higher salary of the Principal and the cutertainment of an additional Professor of Physical Science, and partly by the decrease in the average roll number. In addition to this it must be borne in mind that one-third sharo of the office establishment, the contingent and tho book allowances hitherto borne by the Law Department, havo been transforred to the General Department.

·18 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR UNIVERSITY EDUCATION The increase in the Sanskrit College (from Rs. 350 to Rs. 402) is due to a decrease in the roll number. The average roll number of the Dacca College has been reduced from 230 to 188 owing to the affiliation of the Jagannath College, and consequently the cost to Government of each student has risen from Rs. 114 to Rs. 139. The increase in the Hooghly College from Rs. 274 to Rs. 295 is to be accounted for by the increments of the Professors and the addition of Mr. Fisher's salary. At Krishnaghur the cost of each pupil to Government has again declincd, having beon reduced from Rs. 441 to Rs. 303. At Berhampore the average roll number has again diminished and the cost of cach student to the State has increased from Rs. 362 to Rs. 408. The Principal accounts for this by the fact that scholarship-holders, of whom there is a larger number than there has been for five or six years, paid no fees for the first three months of the year 1885. At Patna there is a slight increase from Rs. 207 to Rs. 214 in the cost to Government, though the total cost of educating cach student is slightly less than in the previous year. The increased cost to Government is due to the salaries of Professors Parry and Mowat. The Principal is of opinion that it will be diminished by the transfer of Mr. Mowat to Hooghly, The cost to Government of each student in the Ravonshaw College, Cuttack, has risen from Rs. 387 to Rs. 453. This is duo to the falling off in fees, to the annual increments of the professorial staff, and the temporary appointment of a Lecturer on Physiology at Rs. 70 per mensem. There is a small increase at Rajshahiye from Rs. 106 to Rs. 107. The cost at Midnapore has been reduced from Rs. 178 to Rs. 46. This is due to tho reductions made in the staff of the college hy the Director. The Chittagong College again shows a decrease from Rs. 196 to Rs. 152. The cost of cach student in the Bethune College classes has fallen from Rs. 780 to Rs. 652. The cost to Government of each pupil in tho College classes of the Calcutta Madrasah is Rs. 933. Passing on to the aided colleges, we find that tho General Assembly's Collego shews a cost of Rs. 26 for each pupil, against Rs. 22 in the preceding ycar, which may be accounted for by the fact that the average roll number has decreased to 240 from 320. The cost has also rison in tho Free Church College from Rs. 19 to Rs. 24, the average roll number having gone down from 281 to 266, and the grant having been raised from Rs. 5,400 to Rs. 6,600. St. Xavier's College shews a decreaso from Rs. 32 to Rs. 28, and the London Mission College, Bhowanipore, from Rs. 58 to Rs. 45 ; while in the Doveton College thc cost to the State of each pupil has rison from Rs. 46 to Rs. 57. 44. UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS.— The ordinary Entrance, F.A., and B.A. examinations were not held during the year under roport, as tho University had decided to postpone them to April. The only Arts examinations therefore to be noticed are the supplementary F.A. and B.A. examinations. These were held in May 1884, in ordor, as was mentioned in last report, to give unsuccessful candidatos at the First Arts and B.A. examinations of 1883-84 a further chance under the old standards. Owing to the postponement of the University examinations, the senior and graduate scholarships were not awarded. 45. FIRST EXAMINATION IN ARTS.— The following table gives the detailed results of the supplementary F.A. examination held in May 1884– Supplementary First Arts Examination, 1884. NOMBER PASSED IN THE COLLEGP). Candulatas Oxamined. First divisiou. Second division. Third division, Total. 8 31 ... 22 9 37 Government- Presidency College Sanskrit Hooghly Dacca Krishnaghur Berhampore Patna Ravonshaw (Cuttack) Rajsbahye Midnapore Chittagong 449 9 28 76 5 8 30 3 8 3 3 22 3 9 14 1 2 12 3 3 11 23 2 3 8 ... . .. col:::::::: 20 8 7 1 3 1 3 ... .. Total 222 72 60 136 136 ·OF PUBLIO INSTRUCTION. 19 NUMBAR PABARD IN THE- Secund Thurd division. division, UNIVBRSITY Total Pirst division, SDUCATION, 91 12 COLLEGEK Candidatos examinod. dided General Assembly's Colloge Free Church 64 St. Xavier's Dovoton 16 London Mission (Bhowanipore) 7 St. Paul's School, Darjeeling 3 Froe Church Normal School 1 19 1 25 15 3 6 10 3 7 37 25 7 13 ... ... : ܝܢ : ܕ݁ܺܝܙ : ܐܘ ... 1 1 ܕܬ ܝ ܝ,]e 3 1 ... Total 201 39 40 90 8 5 .. Unaided Metropolitan College City Albort Maharajah's (Burdwan) Serampore 64 26 15 19 10 4 6 5 2 18 9 7 12 ... 1 1 ... 19 6 2 Jus:63015101 Total 128 27 21 50 Teachors 36 1 6 8 15 GRAND TOTAL 587 144 138 290 46. An analysis of the above table shows that Government Colleges passed 60 per cent. of their candidates, aided colleges 44 per cont., and unaided colleges 39 per cent. Assuming that all the candidates who appeared for the supplemontary examination had appeared at the previous examination in the cold weather, we find that out of a total of 507 candidates who went up for the F.A. examination of 1883 from Government Collegos, 395, or 78 per cent., eventually passed : out of 442 candidates who went up from aided colleges, 284, or 64 per cent., passed ; and out of 280 who went up for the same examination from unaided colleges, 177, or 63 per cent. passed. In 1882 Government Colleges passed 42 per cent. and in 1881 45 per cent. In the same years aided colleges passed 28 per cent. and 26 per cent., and unaided colleges 27 per cont. and 29 per cont. It is clear that the supplementary examination of 1884 increased very considerably the percentage of passed candidates for 1883. But it must be remembered that, if the University had not instituted this examination, unsuccessful candidates would have had to take up in 1885 a wholly now set of subjects, which would have been felt as a great hardship. Taking the results of the two examinations together on the pretty safe assumption that the candidates who appeared at the supplomentary examination in May had before appeared in December), we find that the Presidency Colloge passed 97 out of 125, or 77 per cent. The Metropolitan College passed 80 out of 136, or ncarly 59 per cent. The Rajshahye Collego appears to have passed 29 out of 30, The Freo Church Normal School passed three out of four in December 1883, which was spoken of in last year's report as a highly gratifying result, and in May 1884" the candidate who failed appeared and passed. The percentage of passed candidates from the Berhampore College has been much raised by the supplementary examination, as 75 per cent., instead of 44 per cent., have passed. The Albert College only passed five in December 1883, but at the supplementary oxamination seven passed, making altogether a percentage of 52 instead of 22. The percontage of the City College is raised to 63. But the Burdwan Maharajah’s College succeeded in passing 12 students at the supplementary examination, thereby raising its percentage to 74. The percentage of the Ravenshaw College stands higher even than that of Rajshahye, as it passed all its candidates. The same feat was achieved by the Serampore among unaided colleges. The number of students passing in the first division at the supplementary examination is unimportant, being only eight for the whole of Bengal. This was of course to be expected, as, with the exception of a few who may have been handicapped by illness or other untoward circumstances, tho élite of the Bengal students could not have failed to be successful at the examination held in December. c2 or 97 per cont.

·20 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR UNIVERSITY 47. The following table shows the religion of the candidates who appeared at the supplementary First Arts examination of 1884 XDUCATION. First Arts Examination, 1884. NUMARB PA88BD IN THB- Number of candidates. First division. Second division, Third division, Total. 6 127 129 Hindus Maliomedans Christians Others :: 532 20 17 202 8 12 ... 7 0 3 2 18 ... Total 687 114 138 290 ... 48. The following table shews the number of candidates who appeared at the supplementary B.A. examination of 1881- Supplementary B.A. Examination, 1884. NUMPIR PARSED IN TIIE- COLLEGES. Candidates elaninod. First division. Second division. 'Third division. Total. Governinent Presidency Colloge Hooghly Krishuaguur Dacca Patna Rivoushaw (Cuttack) Rajshalye B.C.E. 32 5 2 23 10 1 10 1 2 7 4 1 9) ... 2 2 12 1 20 2 2 9 7 1 3 1 2 99 1 1 ... .. Total ... 81 1 17 27 45 Aideri General Assembly's College Free Church St Xavier's 1 55 20 21 7 2 31 9 .. . I. - Total ... 79 11 28 40 Unaided Metropolitan Institution 33 3 15 18 Teachers 25 1 8 9 1991: 1: 1 Blol GRAND TOTAL ... 218 32 78 112 49. From this tablo it appears that Government Colleges passod 55 per cent. of the candidates sent up, aided colloges passed 50 per cent., and the Metropolitan Institution 94 per cent. If we assume that all the candidates who appeared at tho supplementary oxamination of 1884 had presented themselves for examination in January of the same year and failed, we find that out of the 178 candidates who appeared at that examination from Government colleges, 135, or 76 per cent. passed : out of the 150 who appeared from aided collegos, 112, or 75 per cent. passed; and out of the 74 candidates who appeared from the Metropolitan Institution, 52, or 70 per cent. passed. The corresponding figures in 1883 and 1882 were 44 and 40 per cent. for Government, and 40 and 24 per cont. for aided colleges, while the Metropolitan Institution passed 44 per cent. in 1883 and 17 per cent. in 1882. The percentage of the Hooghly College is still further improved by the supplementary examination, for of the five unsuccessful candidates, two passed, giving a percentage of 87 instead of 79. The porcentage of the Free Church Institution has been raised from 64 to 80. The Presidency College has passed 55 out of 70. or 78 The Patua Collogo passed 77 per cent. In the previous examination both passed 50 per cent. cent. The General Assembly's Institution passed as many in the supplementary May examination as in the previous December, making a total of 62 out per cent.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 21 UWIVERSITY EDUCATION. of 86, or 72 per cent. The Dacca College passed nine at the supplementary examination and 10 at the December examination-nearly 53 per cent. Krishna. ghur is the highest of all the colleges with 100 per cent.; next comes Rajshahye with 90 per cent. ; Hooghly and the Free Church follow with 87 and with 80 per cent. respectively. The remarks made with respect to the divisions in the supplementary F.A. examination hold good with regard to this examination also. 50. The religion of the candidates for the supplementary B.A. degreo is shewn in the following statement- Supplementary B.A. Eramination, 1884. NUMDER PASSRD IN TIX- First docond Third division. division. divisiou, Number of candidates, Total, 29 71 1 102 2 1 IIindus Mahomedans Christians Others 196 7 1 15 ... ::: ... 2 : :: | Total 218 32 78 112 . COLLEGE REPORTS. 51. Presidency College. The following changes took place in the staff of the college during the year under report. Mr. Booth, Professor of Mathematics, was transferred to the Dacca College on the 22nd June 1884. On the transfer of Mr, Booth, Mr. A. Macdonell from the Dacca College joined tho Presidency Collego. Mr. Stack of the Patna College on his return from furlough was posted to the Presidency College. On the death of Dr. Hugh W. McCann, his work was temporarily taken by Messrs. C. B. Clarke, Inspector of Schools, and J. H. Gilliland, Professor, Engineering College, Sibpore. The former was relieved on the 31st January 1885, and the latter on tho 2nd March by the arrival of Mr. G. W. Kuechler. Mr. J. Eliot made over charge of his duties on the 25th November last to Mr. A. W. Macdonell and left for England. Mr. J. C. Bose was temporarily appointed to act as Professor of Physical Science. IIe joined his appointment on the 6th of January 1885. On my being appoiutod to officiate as Director of Public Instruction, Mr. Griffiths took charge of the office of Principal. 52. The following table shews the number of students on the rolls of the college on the 31st March 1885 compared with the corresponding figures in the threo previous yearsww 1882. 1889. 1881 1885. CLASB. Rogular students. Out students, Regular students. Out students, Regular students. Out students. Ropular studenta, Out students. 1.0.1 8 20 89 865 137 7 M.A. Poorth your Third Recoud First 10 9 28 74 70 128 80 1% 8 32 87 80 78 78 20 17 78 88 61 1.0 19 ..... II. . 31 Total 374 03 383 342 204 .. This shews a decrease of 138 and fou. students respectively in the number of regular and out students. The latter class has in fact disappeared. The decrease is not so great as it appears to be, as the average monthly roll number was 304, against 318 in tho previous year. The depletion of the second and fourth-year classes has already been accounted for by the postponement of the F.A. and B.A. examinations to April 1885. The following is the classification of the 204 students according to the social position of their parents and guardians- Belonging to the richer classes Middle Poorer .. .. 84 119 1 I. The M.A. class was composed of 20 B.A. students, or four students less than on the last day of the previous year. Of these, 10 are reading English, eight ·22 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR UNIVERSITY EDUCATION, physical science, one philosophy, and one mathematics for the M.A. examination, which is to take place in November next. The M.A. class contains 11 graduate scholars, or four more than in the preceding year. These four additional scholarships were created from the surplus balance of the Hindu College fund. 53. Of the 17 regular students of the fourth class left in the college at the end of the year, six were reading the A and 11 the B course. They were all senior scholars allowed to read free of charge after the expiration of their scholarships. The third-year class consisted of 73 regular students (66 Hindus, six Mahomedans, and one European), 14 of whom were sonior scholars, six in the A and eight in the B course sections. Of these 73, 42 have taken the A and 31 the B course. Of the A courso students, 12 are reading for honours in English and four in Sanskrit. Of the B course students, 15 are reading for honours in physical science and eight in mathematics. The second-year class contained on the 31st of March last 33 students-30 Hindus and three Mahomedans. The first-year class contained 61 students, of whom 57 were Hindus. Of the remainder, ong was a Sikh, two Mahomedans, and one a native Christian. There were 14 junior scholars in this class. 54. The income from fees and fines during the year amounted to Rs. 42,695, against Rs. 47,050 in the previous year, involving a decrease of Rs. 4,355, and the gross expenditure was Rs. 1,43,833, against Rs. 1,33,106 in the previous ycar, shewing an increase of Rs. 10,727. Tho Officiating Principal, Mr. Griffiths, observes that the increased expenditure is due mainly to the appointment of additional Professors, and to the transfer to the department of the one-third share of the office establishment, the contingent and the book allowances which, before the abolition of the Law Department on the 1st of January last, were debited to that department. The cost to Government was Rs. 1,01,138, against Rs. 86,056 in the previous year, shewing an increase of Rs. 15,082. The library is in excollent condition, and 310 volumes wore added to it during the year, exclusive of reviews and periodicals. 55 In memory of the late Dr. Hugh W. McCann, who was Professor of Mathematics in the college, a tablet has been erected in the library by his colleagues and pupils. Forty-nine students were sent up from this college to the supplementary F.A. examination. Of these, one passed in tho first division, 22 in the second, and cight in the third. Five students went up for the supplementary B.A. examination in the A course subjects, and two passed in the third division. Twenty-seven presented thomselves for examination in the B course subjects, of whom 10 passed in the second division and cight in the third. 56. Sanskrit College.--The Sanskrit College is divided into two sections, the Sanskrit section and the Anglo-Sanskrit section. The former contains the M.A. class preparing for the highest University examination in Sanskrit; the fourth-yoar class reading Sanskrit for the B.A. examination; three "title" classes, reading Kavya, Smriti, and Darsana respectively; and the first and third year classes, in which the Sanskrit subjects of the college senior scholarship examinations are taught. The Anglo-Sanskrit section consists of the first and socond year classes, in which tho subjects of the F.A. examination are taught. The first-year class belongs to the Sanskrit and Anglo-Sanskrit sections. During the year 1884-85, the instructional staff of the department consisted of five Sanskrit Professors and two English Lecturers. The number of students on the 31st March was 52, against 56 in the preceding year. Of these, 11 were in the first-year class, 3 in the second-year, 9 in the third-year, 4 in the fourth-year, 6 in the fifth-year, and 19 in the title class. The income from fees was Rs. 1,198, against Rs. 1,283 in the preceding year, and the total cost Rs. 22,148, against Rs. 21,239. The first, second, and fifth year students pay fces at the rate of Rs. 5 a month. Of the third and fourth year students, those who pass the University F.A. examination, pay no fees at the Sanskrit College, but pay at the Presidency College (where they read the English B A. subjects) the full or half rate of fees, according as they hold University scholarships or not. If, however, they choose to read the English subjects of the B.A. examination in any of the other first grade colleges in ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 23 UNIVERSITY EDVOATION. Caloutta, they have to pay a fee of Rs. 2-8 a month to the Sanskrit College. Out-students who attend Sanskrit lectures in the undergraduate classes, or who attend lectures in the M.A. class in one subject only, pay the same. The fee in the College Department in the case of sons of bona fide pundits, not being scholarship-holders, is Rs. 2 a month, with the provision that the number of students admitted on this reduced fee shall never exceed 20. The students of the title classes pay no feo. Nine candidates were sent up for the supplementary F.A. examination, of whom three passed, being placed in the second division. As the college does not send up any candidates for the B.A. examination, such of the students as appear are sent up from the colleges in which they study their English subjects. Of the students who went up in this way for the supplementary B.A. examination, two parsed-one in the second and the other in the third division. Nine students appeared at the Sanskrit title examination in Sahitya, or literature. Of these, four passed and the rest failed. In consequence of the time for holding tho University examinations having been changed, there were no college examinations beld during the year, and consequently no scholarship was awarded. For the same reason there was no examination of the music class opened in the college by Raja Sir Surendra Mohan Tagore, C.I.E. Tho class opened for teaching Vedic hymns, the cost of which is borne by Raja Sir Surendra Mohan Tagore, has unfortunately failed to attract pupils. The library appears to have beon in a state of confusion when the Principal sent in bis report. The books were being rearranged. The building was not in good condition, the time having come for tho quadrennial ropairs. 57. Hooghly College.--Mr. W. Griffiths, Principal, was appointed to act as Principal of the Presidency College, and Mr. S. Robson was placed in temporary charge of tho college on the 2nd of March. The number of students on the 31st of March was 87, against 130 in the preceding year. This is accounted for by the gradual withdrawal from the college of the students of the second and fourth year classes. The average roll number is 143, against 134 in the preceding year. Twonty-eight students wont up for the supplementary F.A. examination, of whom two passed in the first division, nine in the second, and 11 in the third. For the supplementary B.A. examination five students presented themselves, of whom one passed in the second division and one in the third. The total fee income of the college decreased from Rs. 9,845 in 1883-84 to Rs. 9,442. This includes the sum debitable to the Mohsin fund on account of the part payment of fees of Mahomedan students, which amounted this year to Rs. 585. This decrease is due to the rotirement from the college of the students of the second and fourth yoar classes on completing their course of two years. The total expenditure of the college rose from Rs. 46,683 in 1883-84 to Rs. 51,656 in 1884-85. This incrcase is accountod for by the increments in the salaries of the Professors and by the salary of Mr. Fisher, who was appointed a Professor in the college in January 1884. The number of new books and pamphlets purchased for the library during the yoar was 116. Sixty volumes wore received gratis from Government and other sources. One thousand and ninety-eight volumes were taken out of the library during the year. There were 60 boarders on the rolls of the Hindu hostol on the 31st of March 1885, against 69 in the preceding yoar, but the average number was 66, against 57. The cost to Government, consisting of a fixed allowance and head-money, increascd from Rs. 834 to Rs. 898. There were 60 boarders in the Mahomedan hostel on the 31st of March 1885, against 66 on the same dato in 1884, but the average number was 59, against 53. The total expenditure of the hostel amounted to Rs. 2,168 and was paid from the Mobsin fund, with the exception of Rs. 208 for municipal tax and ground rent, which were paid out of provincial revenues. 58. Dacca College. On the 20th of June 1884, Mr. Parry, who was then officiating as Principal, was transferred to Patna, and Mr. W. Booth was appointed Principal. Mr. Macdonell, Professor of Physical Science, was ·24 REPORT OF TAE DIRECTOR UNIVERSITY EDUCATION transferred to the Presidency College on the 18th June 1881. Baboo Surja Kumar Agasti, M.A., Assistant Professor, took chargo on the 26th June 1884, and reverted to his former appointment on the 18th September 1884. The number of students on the rolls on the 31st of March was 149, distributod as follows- M.A. class ܢܚܪ . IV year III year II year I year 8 61 15 79 I. 9. ... ... ... 149 up Most of the students of the second and fourth year classes left the college on the 31st of December 1881, after completing their full two years' course, otherwise the number of students on the rolls would have been 220. Many of the students have got themselves transferred to the Jagannath College, which charges a foo of Rs. 3 a month. The number of Mahomedan students was 17. Tho receipts from foes and fines were Rs. 14,910, against Rs. 18,801 in the preceding year. Including the two-third payments from the Mohsin fund, they auiounted to Rs. 15,879. The total expenditure was Rs. 41,836, against Rs. 45,179 in the preceding year. Seventy-five students went up for the supplomentary F.A. examination, and 37 passod, 14 in the second and 23 in the third division. Eight students went up for the B.A. examination in the A course and three passed-ono in the first and two in the second division. Fifteen went in the B courso and six passed, one in the second, and five in the third division. The hostel was removed to another houso on the 1st October 1884. It contains 24 separate sloeping rooms, and the number of students occupying each room varies from one to six. The monthly charges are Rs. 6-8, Rs. 5-8, and Rs. 5, according to the part of the building occupied. On tho 31st of March the number of inmates was 77, all being Hindus. The total income of 1884-85 derived from fees, fines, Government capitation grant, together with the balance of last year, amounted to Rs. 5,655, and the total exponditure was Rs. 5,473. The health of the boarders has been perfectly good during the year, 59. Krishnaghur College.—Mr. J. Mann has been Principal during the year under review. There has been only one change in the staff during the year. In May 1884 the college lost the services of Baboo Nil Kanta Sarcar, who obtained an officiuting appointment in the Subordinate Executive Sorvice. The vacancy was filled up by the appointment of a young graduate, Baboo Govind Lall Set, M.A. The students of the second and fourth year classes had ceased to attend by tho 31st of March. As, lowovor, doubts were folt for some timo as to whether they could be permitted to withdraw, they read up to February, and the numbers of the college are raturned as if they had continued to read up to the end of March. The strength of the colloge declined from 53 to 43 during the year. The Principal remarks that the withdrawals wero principally on the ground of ill health, and anticipates that at the beginning of the new academical the numbers will rise at least to the level of last year. He does not anticipate'much incruase in the B.A. class, as the college teaches only tho B or science course. Fivo candidates appeared in the supplementary F.A. examination, three of whom passed, one in tho second division, and two in the third. Two candidates appeared at the supplementary B.A. examination, and both passed in the third division. The total expendituro of the college shows a very substantial decrease. This is due to changes in the professorial staff and diminished expenditure for contingencies. Tho cost per head is less than it has been for the last six years. The total cost to Government of each student is Rs. 303, against Rs. 441 in the preceding year. Sixty-nine volumes have boen added to the library by purchase during the year, Tho gymnastic class is popular, and the apparatus in satisfactory order. The number of inmates of the hostel at the end of the year was 19, against 20, and the average monthly number 18, against 18 in 1883-84. Another house was hired in September 1884 at a lower rent. The hostel is still managed by the gymnastic teacher, Baboo Surendra Nath Banerji. year ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 25 UNIVBRSITY EDUCATION 60. Patna.--Mr. A. Ewbank has been in charge of the collego throughout the year. The staff has suffered two changes, one by the transfer of Mr. Stack to the Presidency College, and another by that of Mr. Mowat to the Hooghly College. The number of students really attached to this college on 31st March 1885 was 174. This includes tho second and fourth year classes, though many of them left the college in order to avoid payment of fees. Owing to tie introduction of the new courses, and the holding of the supplementary examinations, po failed students joined the collego. Of the 174 students, 143 were Hindus, 30 Mahommedans, and one was a Christian : 117 were natives of Behar, and 57 Bengalis. The fees and fines aggrogated Rs. 12,002, against Rs. 12,532 in the provi. ous year. The total expenditure is returned at Rs. 50,841 against, Rs. 16,639 for 1883-84. Thirty students presented themselves for the supplementary F.A. examination, of whom 12 passed in the second division and cight in the third. One student appeared for the suppleinontary B.A. examination in the A course subjects, and passed in the third division. Eleven appeared in the B course subjects, of whom six passed-one in the first division, two in the second, and three in the third, The sum spent on books in 1884-85 was Rs. 432, and nothing was spent on library contingencies. Tho Mohsin fund expondituro was Rs. 620. Mr Ewbank remarks that the present building is too small for the wants of the college and the collegiate school, owing to the variety of subjects recognised by the University and the necessity of dividing the school classes into sections. 61. Ruvenshaw College, Cuttack.--Mr. S. Ager was in charge of the college during the year. No chango took place in the professorial staff. The number of students on the rolls at the close of the year wils 29, against 32 in 1884. One of the students who failed at the B.A. examination of 1884 appeared at the supplementary examinatiou of the same year, and passod in the third division. Tho three who failed at the F.A. examination also appeared in the supplementary examination, and passed in tho third division. Of the 29 students on the rolls, four are Mahomedans and one is u European; the rest are all Hindus. Of these, again, eight only aro Uryas, 10 are Bengali settlers, and six are Bengalis residing temporarily in the province. The cost of the college to Government this year was Rs. 14,501, agaiust Rs. 13,545 in the preceding year. The income from fees was Rs. 1,180 (Rs. 290 less than in the previous year) and from endowment 11, 05, and the total cost was Rs. 17,090, against Rs. 16,420 in 1881. The increaso is accounted for by the temporary appointment of a locturer in physiology on Rs. 70 per mensem, and the grade increments of the professoriál staff. 62. Rajshuhye College.--Mr. A. Clarke Edwards continuod in charge of the college during the year, and there has been no chango in the professorial staff. The number on the rolls of the college at the end of the official year was 57 only, while the number on the corresponding date of tho preceding year was 81. This is to be explained by the cause which has operated in the other colleges-the withdrawal of the second and fourth year students (28 in number) on the completion of the period of two years' study prescribed by the University. Notwithstanding, the average monthly roll number was 87, against 60 in the preceding year. The receipts from fees were Rs. 3,142 against Rs. 2,822 in the preceding year, and the total expenditure was Rs. 23,189, against Rs 20,810. The increase is mainly due to the grado increments of the professorial staff. Four candidates presented themselves for the supplementary B.A. examination, of whom three passed-one in the second and two in the third division. Eight students appeared at the supplementary F.A. examination, of whom seven passed--three in the second and four in the third division. The college library is in good order. The Principal observes that the college buildings need repairs, but he understands that these are deforred for 1) ·26 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR UNIVERSITY EDUCATION. want of funds. The new college building was opened on the 21st of June last. The gymnastio class rotains its popularity; and a cricket club has been established, the members of which have already attained considerable proficiency in the game. 63. Berhampore.-Mr. Livingstone was Principal during the your under report, and there have been no changes in the staff. There is an increase of throe in the first-year class and of one in the second-year class, the total number on the rolls of the college being 31, against 27 in the preceding year. Eight students presented themselves for the supplementary F.A. examination, of whom two passed in the second division and three in the third. Taking this fiyure in connection with that of the provious cxamination held in December 1883, we have a total of 12 who passed the F.A. Examination from Berhamporo-a very satisfactory result. The total cost of the college this year is Rs. 13,520, against Rs. 13,057 in the previous year. The receipts from fees were Rs. 1,670, against Rs. 1,824 in 1883-87. The college building is in a very satisfactory condition. The averago number of students in the hostel has been 23. Rs. 856 were paid by the boarders, and the interest of the Ilostel fund aniounts to Rs. 840. 04. Milnupore College.-Baboo Gangadhar Acharja, late head mastor of the college, was transferred to Bhagulpore in June 1884, and the second master, Baboo Syama Churn Das, took his place; the third master was mado second master, the additional third master became third master, and the post of additional third master was ordered to be kept in abeyance for financial reasons. In Baboo Gangadhar Acharja, whose death took placo shortly after his transfer, the department lost a valuable officer, who had served as lead master of the Midnapore College for about 17 years. The total expenditure of the college was Rs. 5,300, tho interest from the endowment fund was Rs. 3,078, and the fees and finos amouuted to Rs. 1,298. The numerical strength of the college on the 31st March was actually 15 on account of the permission given to the second and fourth year students to withdraw their names; otherwise the roll number on the 1st of March would have been 33, against 19 in the preceding year. Three students went up for the supplementary F.A. examination in May 1884, of whom one passed in the third divisiou. On account of the postponement of the University examinations, the gold medal given by the zemindar of Mahisadal to tho student who passos highest in the F.A. examination from this college was not awarded this year. For the same reason the Malisadal scholarships were not awarded. The total number of books in the library is 2,006, against 2,580 in the previous year. The science apparatus, which is under the care of Baboo Hara Charan Roy, third teacher of the college, is in good order. There are 98 students on the roll of the gymnastic class, and the average daily attendance was 63. 65. Chittagong College. The only change in tho staff of the college during the year was the appointment of Baboo Gobind Gopal Gupta, m.a., as third naster. He joined the college on the 3rd of July. Of the five students out of 11 sent up who failed in the F.A. examination of 1883, four appeared at tho supplementary examination, and three passed all in the second division. On the 31st March last there were 14 students in the first-year class and eight in tho second-year class, against the very same number in both classes in the previous year. The average monthly roll number rose from 18 to 22, and the avorage daily attendance from 14 to 21. The income from fees was Rs. 962, the interest from the college fund Rs. 79, and the expenditure from provincial revenues Rs. 3,351. The building is in good condition, with the exception of some of the outhouses. The library is in good order, and the gymnasium is very popular.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 27 UNIVERSITY BDUCATION, sors, 66. College Department of the Bethune School. On the 31st of March 1885 the number of students in the college classes was six. There were two pupils in the second-year class, and four in the third-year class: there was no fourthyear class. No changes have taken place in the instructional staff of the College Department during the year. No candidates appeared for the supplomentary F.Å. and B.A. examinations—the only University examination held during the year under report. In last November & drawing class was opened in connoction with the institution. 67. College Department of the Calcutta Madrasah.--first-year class was formed in February 1884, and continued throughout tlo year. The number on the roll of this class on the 31st March 1885 was 15. It is hoped that in the ensuing year the college will possess its full complement of two classes. The cost of the College Department was Rs. 17,152. During the year Rs. 412 were collected as fecs from the studonts of this department. AIDED COLLEGES. 68. General Assembly's Institution. The number of students on the rolls has been steadily increasing, and on the 31st March there were 274 on the rolls, against 165 in the previous year. The Foreign Mission Committee of tho Church of Scotland has during the present sossion sent out two now profes- Ninety-one candidates appeared for the supplementary F.A. examination held in May 1884, and 37 passed--12 in the second division and 25 in the third division. Fifty-fivo candidates wont up for the B.A. examination–43 in the A course and 12 in the B course subjects. Of those who took up the Acourse, eight passed in the second division and 16 in the third. Of those who took Of those who took up the B course, one passed in the first division, oue in the second, and five in the third. The institution has now a larger staff of European professors than at any foriner period of its history. The receipts from fees were Rs. 5,875, and the total expenditurc Rs. 46,588. 69, Frce Church Institution.-The number of students on the 31st of March 1885 was 289, against 272 in the previous year. The total expenditure was Rs. 34,080, of which Governmont paid Rs. 6,600. The receipts from fees were Rs. 12,642. Sixty-four students went up for the supplementary F.A. examination of 1884, of whom 25 passed--10 in the second and 15 in the third division. Fourteen students presented themselves for the supplementary F.A. examination in the A course subjects, two of whom passed in the second and six in the third division. Six presented themselves in the B course subjects, of whom ono pussed in the third division. 70. St. Xavier's College.---The number on the rolls for the official year 1884-85 was 198, with a monthly average of 116. The corresponding figures in the precoding year were 170 and 130. The total expenditure was Rs. 33,170 : the Government grant was Rs. 4,200. Nineteen students wont up for the supplementary F.A. examination, of whom one passed in the first division, thrºo in the second, and three in the third. Four' students wont up for the B.A. examination in the B courso, all of whom failed. 71. London Mission College Bhowanipore. -There has been a satisfactory increase in the number of students this year, the roll on the 31st March showing 70 studonts, against 59 in the preceding year. Seven of the candidates from this college, who failed in the F.A. examination of 1883, appeared in the supplementary examination held in May 1884. Four of them passed. These, togethor with the 15 successful candidates of the previous examination, make a total of 19 passed out of 24; 15 in the second division and four in the third. The total expendituro of the year was Rs. 15,482, of which Rs. 3,000 vere contributed by Government. D 2 ·28 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR UNIVERSITY EDUCATION. 72. Free Church Normal School.--No collego class was kept up in connection with this school during the year 1884-85. One student went up to the supplementary F.A. cxamination in the year 1884, and passed. UNAIDED COLLEGES. 73. City College. The total strength of the College Department has been 185, against 175 in the preceding year. Tho third-year class consists of 57 students. Twenty-six students went up for the supplementary F.A. examination, of whom four passed in the second division and fivo in the third. Special classos are held in this college in gymnastics, drawing, music, science, and carpentry. The new building was opened on the 10th of December last by His Excellency the Marquis of Ripon, in the presence of His Honor the Lieute. nant-Governor of Bengal and a numerous assemblage. His Excellency expressed himself much pleased at the combination in the City College of moral with intellectual training, and at tho establishment of a carpentry class, which he rogarded as a forward stop in the direction of technical education. 74. Albert College.--Tho roll number was 34, against 35 in the preceding ycar. Fifteen students went up for the supplementary F.A. examination, of whom one passed in the first and six in the second division. There are five Professors attached to the institution, drawing a salary of Rs. 490 a month. There are two scholarships attached to the collego of the value of Rs. 5 each: one is the endowment of Rajah Sir Sourendra Mohun Tagoro; the other was established in honour of Sir Evelyn Baring. Tho laboratory for the science classes has been placed on a satisfactory footing. 75. Maharajali's College, Burdwan.— The number on the rolls of the college was 97 on the 31st of March. The large number of admissions, and the still larger number of applications for admission, which could not be entertained, shew that the college continues to hold a high place in general estimation. Nineteen boys were sent up to the supplementary F.A. exanivation of 1884, of whom 12 passed-one in the first, five in tho socond, and six in the third division. A gymnasium has been established for the use of the students, The college classes are taught by the Principal and two Assistant Professors. The library is in good order and contains soine 1,746 works. The laboratory is in excellent condition, but the additional instruments ordered have not is yet arrived. The building, though in good repair, is no longer sufficient for the increasing wants of the College Department. 76. Jagannath College.--This college is maintained by Baboo Kissori Lall Roy of Baliati in the district of Dacca. F.A. classes wero opened in 1883, and it wus affiliated to the University with effect from April 1883. The establislıment charges amount roughly to Rs. 450 a month. The number on the roll came up at one time to 10), but has boon reduced by cholera and small-pox, and stood at 48 on 31st March. Thirty-two belonged to the first-year, and 16 (all of whom subsequently presented themselves for the F.A. examination) to the second-year class. 77. Ripon College.-The College Department of this institution had only one class during the period under review. In this class the number of students was 82. The total annual incomo of the department was lis. 1,701-8, and the total amount of cost was Rs. 1,590. lu this institution instruction is given in carpentry and drawing as well as gymnastics. Great attention is paid to moral culture, and efforts are made to elevate the tone of the students by means of lectures and by requiring them to commit to memory literary extracts conveying good moral lessous. Monthly reports of the progross and conduct of the students are forwarded to their parerts.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 29 IV.-SECONDARY EDUCATION. SECONDARY 78. The following statement compares the statistics of secondary schools for native boys for the past two years :- EDUCATION. 1683-84. 1884-85. Schools. Pupils. Schouls. Pupils. 61 15,309 058 High English- Maintained by the department Ditto municipal boards Aided by the departnicut or by the muni. cipal boards Unaided ... 51 2 14,401 490 2 118 16,856 19,245 123 63 18,167 18,050 .. ... Total ... 61,967 239 61,708 Middle English, Maintained by the department Ditto municípul boards Aided by the dopartment or by munici. 7 7 1,077 283 92. 280 1 pal boards ..5 . 521 126 31.361 7,013 532 165 37,215 0,295 Unaided Total 05:3 42.737 695 47,714 1 A2 5 10,313 737 190 9 Middle vernacular.com Maintained by the department ... Ditto municipal boards Aidod by the department or by municipal boards Unaided 10,474 1,411 815 76 45,661 4,991 849 102 47,872 6,221 ... ... ... Total 1,108 61,702 1,110 66,011 .. GRAND TOTAL 1,996 156, 106 2,071 165, 133 Secondary schools have advanced from 1,996 to 2,074, or by nearly 4 por cent., and their pupils from 156,106 to 165,433, or by nearly 6 per cent. The schools are therefore better attended than before. A full explanation of the increase and decrease in each class of schools will be given further on. 79. The following table shews the detailed statistics of attendance and expenditure in all Government and aided secondary schools for native boys:- Attendance and crpenditure in schools of secondary instruction during 1884-85. EXPENDITURE. CLASS OF SCHOOLH. Number of gools. Yumber of A9 Re pupils on the rolls munter on the rolls on the Sint March 1885. monthly. Avome daily attendunce. Governimont. Local Hour('09, Total. Rs. Bs. Rs. 61 14,401 Hrgh English Maintained by the department Ditto municipal boards Aided hy the department or xoards 14,479 507 11,459 980 1,37,601 659 3,17,743 7,381 2,61,8134 4,55,341 8,20 municipal 123 19,167 17,421 13,506 72.816 3,84,180 Total 170 33,058 39,101 25,735 2,10,776 6,80,988 7,97,761 BR. 7 Midillo English. Maintained by the department Ditto rounicipal tardo Aided by the department or municipai boards 737 24 10,818 280 265 8,979 1,020 19,791 1,820 .632 37,215 84,210 26,883 1,40,671 2,96,796 4,37,487 ... Total ... 040 38,119 35,103 27,311 1,61,189 3,07,580 4,84,878 Michello vernacular. 180 9 10,474 9,411 1,848 7,867 902 47,177 133 26,702 10,663 74,270 10,796 Maintained by the departmanat Ditto municipal hunrds Aided by the dopam wont or by municipal boards 840 47,872 44,854 84,630 1,16,999 2,16,674 3,31,633 .6. Total 1,038 59,700) 65,149 42,479 1,63,340 2,A2,969 5,10,608 GRAND TOTAL 1,784 131,267 122,947 95,07R 5,25,814 11,17,336 10,78, 160 In the previous year the exponditure on 1,732 schools attended by 125,157 pupils was Rs. 16,21,455, of which Rs. 5,17,724 were contributed by Govern. ment, and Rs. 11,03,731 from privato sources. There has thereforo been a ·30 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR ARCONDARY EDUCATION decrease of the Government expenditure and an increaso of tho expenditure from local sources. 80. HIGH ENGLISH SCHOOLS.—The statistics of these schools are repeated : IIigh English schools for boys. 1889-84. 1884-85. School, 51 Pupils, 15,309 058 Schools. 61 2 Pupils. 14,401 490) ... Maintained by the department Ditto municipal boards Aided by the department or by municipal boards Unaided ... 118 01 16,855 19,245 123 03 18,167 18,600) ... Total 236 51,967 239 51,708 ... 81. The number of Government schools remains 51 as in the previous year, the Patna City school, which was hitherto treatod as part and parcel of the Patna collegiate school liaving been recognized as a separate institution, and tho Bhootca boarding school having been transferred to the class of special schools. The Khula aided school was taken over by Government and placed on tho footing of a Zilla School from 1st April 1885. Its change of status does not thereforo affect the statistics of the year under reviow. 82. Two high schools are returned as maintained by municipal boards. These aro the schools at Santipore and Burdwan. The Feringhi bazar school in Chittagong, which is really a school under the management of the local municipality, and is noticed as such in the Assistant Inspector's report, has been returned under a separate heading, under the orders of the Circle Inspector, who holds that as it is in receipt of a Government grant, it ought not to be classed with schools maintained by municipalities. Aided schools have advanced from 118 to 123, and unaided schools havo declined from 64 to 63. Taking these two classes of schools together, there is a net gain of four schools. The l’residency Division shows a gain of two, and the Patna Division of three schools, while there is a loss of one school in the Rajshahye Division. The gains and losses are explained below in fuller detail. 83. In the Presidency Division, the unaided school at Ariadaha received a municipal grant, and the Mcherpur middle English school was raised to the status of a high school during the year, there being thus an increase of two aided schools. The number of unaided schools remained unchanged; but in point of fact new schools were opened at Gustia and Baliaghata in the 24.Pergunnahs, wbilo tho Kasipur school was abolished and the Ariadaha school transferred to the aided class. It should be noted here that the total number of high schools in the division was 57, of which seven wero Government schools, ono was a municipal school, 10 were aidel, and nine were unaided schools. The unaided schools were the South Suburban school at Kalighat, the Bhowaniporo London Missionary Society's institution, the Kandi school, the Kishnaghur Anglo-Vernacular school, the Nawabganj Sridhar-Bangsidhar school, the Nuldanga Blusan school, the Madrasa-i-Anwaria, and the Baliaghata and Gustia schools. All these, with tho exception of the two last, aro well-known institutions, and form a part of the regular cducational systemi of the country: 81. In Calcutta the only aided school on our returns is St. Chrysostom's. Its numerical strength came down from 103 to 99. Of these 94 pupils, 62 were Europeans and Eurasians, 30 Hindus, 5 Mahomodans, and 2 others." This school is excluded from the list of European Schools in accordance with article 6, clause (c) of the Code of Regulations for such schools. It consists of a paying and a froe department. In the forner the pupils are mostly Europeans, and in the latter the majority are natives. The total expenditure of the school was Rs. 4,440, Rs. 900 being paid by Goverument. The unaided schools numbered 21, and their pupils 7,715. The expenditure on these schools was Rs. 1,49,081, of which Rs. 1,24,011 were raised from fees and Rs. 25,070 from other sources. All these schools, with the exception of the General Assembly's institution, the Free Church institution, Mr. Dall's High English school, the Church Missionary Society's boarding school, and the Oxford Mission school, are under native management. Among the schools ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 31 ALOONDARY EDUCATION. under native management the Metropolitan institution, its Syampukur branch, the Ripon Collegiate school, formerly called the Presidency school, the City and Albert Collegiate schools, the Oriental seminary, the Training Academy, Seal's Free school and the Calcutta Institution deserve prominent montion. They are well attended and ably conducted. Some of these schools are self-supporting and have large surplus balances at the end of each year, and one school (Scal's Free school) is supported solely from the proceods of an endowment of Rs. 1,50,000. 85. In the Burdwan Division the total number of high schools was 62 as in the previous year, there being seven Government schools, one municipal school, 42 aided and 12 unaided schools. The municipal school is the one at Burdwan noticed in a foregoing paragraph. This school was troated as an ordinary aided school in the previous year. Tho Ukhra school was reduced from the high to the middle standard. On the othor hand, the unaided school at Maju in Howrah has roceived a Government grant, and the Uluberia middle English school has been raised to the standard of a high school. Unaided schools numbered 12, against 13 in the preceding year, the decrease of one school having been brought about by the transfer of the Maju school to the aided list, the reduction of the Burdwan night school to tho middle standard, and the opening of a new school at Mahes in the Ilooghly district. Tho unaided schools of the division on 31st March 1885 were the Bali seminary, the Sivpur school, the Sulkea Anglo-Sanskrit school, the Buinchi Behari Lal institution, the Khanakul school, the Tarakeswar school, tho Mahes school, the Maharajah's school at Burdwan, the Maharajali's school at Kulna, the Chuckdiggi Saroda Prasad institution, the Rajyram school, and the Midnaporo town school. 86. In the Rajshahye Division there were 15 high schools, against 16 in the previous year. The apparent loss of one school is thus accounted for. The Bhutia boarding school was transferred from the head of Government high schools to that of special schools, and the Suidpur school was reduced to the middlo standard, while tho new school at Nattore received a municipal grant. One of the two unaided schools of the previous year, viz. the one at Nyagaon, reccived a Government grant. 87. In the Dacca Division the number of schools was 24, as in the previous Of these, four were Government schools, 1:3 aided, and seven unaided. While a new unaided school was started at Burisaul, the Nasirabad school in Mymensingh was amalgamated with the Mymensingh Institution. The number of schools in the Chittagong Division was six, as in the year before. These were the three Government schools at Chittagong, Comillah, and Noakholly; the Fcringlii Bazar municipal school, the l'atiya aided school in Chittagong, and the Bralımanberia aided school in Tipperah. 88. In the latna Division high schools numbered 22, against 19 in the previous year. The Governinent schools were seven instead of six, the additional school being the Putna City school, which was hitherto treated as a branch of the Patna Collegiate school, but has now been returned independently for the first time. The aided schools were five as before, but the unaided schools rose from eight to 10. Of these last the Durbhunga Raj school, the Dumraon Raj school, the Bankipore Training academy, the Arrah Town school, the Behar National Institution, the Mozufferpur Mookerjec's Seminary, and two schools in the town of Gya aro the best known. The nunber of high schools in the Bhagulpore Division was 11, as in the year beforc, five of them being Government schools, tlıree aided, and threo unaided schools. In Chota Nagpore there were sovon schools as before, five of them being Government schools and two aided. In Orissa the number of schools was ninc, as in the preceding year. Of these, three were Government schools and six aided. Three of them are at work in the town of Cuttack. 89. University Entrance Examination. Under the new regulations, the date of the university examinations having been altered, no Entrance examination was held during the year under review. The usual detailed notices of the success of the Government and aided schools at the examination find therefore no place in the present report. 90. I proceed, however, to extract below from local reports a few points of importance regarding the administration of the Government high schools.

·32 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR SECONDARY EDUCATION In Calcutta the four Government schools are the Hindu and Hare schools, the Sanskrit Collegiate school, and the Anglo-Persian Department of the Calcutta Madrassa. The number of pupils in them was 1,527, against 1,750. The expenditure was Rs. 77,069, of which Rs. 20,145 were paid from provincial revonues and Rs. 56,924 raised from fees. It is worthy of mention here that the Hindu and Hare schools, which had the reputation, not only of being selfsupporting, but also of remitting surplus bulances to the Government treasury, had to draw Rs. 1,167 from provincial revenues for their support during the past year. Their income from focs no longer suffices to meet all their chargos. 91. The officiating Inspector of the Prosidency Circlo thus notices some facts regarding the zillah schools in the Presidency Division : “ The hostels attached to the first grade schools at Baraset and Jessore continued to bo in flourishing state. The dining hall attached to the Jessore hostel was finished, and arrangements were made for placing tho Mahomodan hostel on a permanent ing during tho year under report. A boarding establishment was also opened in February last, in conneotion with the Nawab of Moorslednbril's high school. Bauction was obtained to the construction of additional rooms for the Baraset Govornment school, and for the improvement of the Moorshedabad high school building mainly from the funds of the schools concerned. Lord Ripon on the eve of his departure placed at the disposal of the Education Department a sum of Rs. 1,000 from llis Excellenoy's privato purse for the enlargement of tho Barrackpore school building, and the question will shortly be taken up. It may not be amiss to point out here that the representation made in the previous year's report, viz. that the aided school at Khulua failed to meet the requirements of a rapidly growing zilla station and railway terminus, has been successful, tho school having been elevated to the rank of a zilla school from tho 1st April last. Sir Rivers Thompson on the ocuasion of his visit to the station receiverl ropresentations from the local community on the subject, and was pleased to tako the matter into his favourablo consideration. The scheme received the cordial support of the Commiosioner, who had visited Khulna before and studiod the question in all its benrings. The school is at present held in the old aided school building, which is being ropaired by the former managing committee, the building annctioned by Government being in course of constrution loy the Department of Public Works. Under orders of the Director of Publio Instruction, dated the 18th April 1884, n supplementary examination for promotion was required to be held in Soptomber last in all high English schools, especially to promote those students of the second class who might be workod up during the cold weather term of the year wder report for the Entranco oxamination. I regret to state that I have been furnislied with no data on the subject, oxcrpt in regard to tho Barrackpore and Taki Government schools. It appears that in both of these schools no studout could be found who was doserving of promotion to the Entranco class. In the former school, a fow boys were promoted from the third and fourth classes, and in the latter promotion was given to a fow of the most promising boys of the lower classes. "The amalgamated high English schools at Barasot, Jessoro, Taki, Ranaghat, and Janghipur continued to preparo cundidates for the midilio vernacular scholarship examivation as well as the university Entrance examination. It was pointed out in the last report that the practive of teaching English in the lower classes of these schools for only one hour a day was believed in certain quarters to be detrimental to the study of tbat subject. Mr. Clarke therefore, with the concurrenco of the Director, issued orders permitting all high schools on a vernacular basis to teach English for two hours a day in the fifth and lower classes, it being understood that the full vernaculur middle course was also taught. To unsure that the vernncular instruction was not, under the now perinission, invaded or curtailel, it was provided that any school wishing to avail itself of it must sond in all the pupils of the fifth class to the middle vornacular scholarship examination. The examination fees of these candidates were to bo paid by the Diroctor froin funds at his disqusnl, but the Government of Bengol has recently ruled that the payinont of suoh fees is not to be nude from public funds in future years. Hond-masters wore cautioned against uny atteint to evado the rule by keeping a fifth class in parallel sections, by double Jiromotion in the year of boys from the sixth clnss to the fourth, or by any other subterfuge. It was further lail down that schools which accepted the new concession should be left to make their own arrangements in respect of the additional teaching without being allowed to claim oxtra establishment or nore expenditure. The only school which availed itself of the two hours' permission was the aided high school at. Janglipur; but it is belioved that it will be more generally accepted during the current year. "Since the close of tho year, the Government liigh school at Taki has been provided with a locul luloitation of its owu at the expense of Baboo Raj Mohan Roy Choudhary of that place. The building is so well suited to the purposes of the school, and the grounds have been so well laid out and provided with out-offices, that there is overy probability of increased numbers now attending the school. The cost was estimated at Rs. 12,000, and I havo reasons to believo that at the authorized scale it would be valued at much more. Laboo Raj Moban bas also redeemed bis promise of permanently cudowing the institution with an income of Rs. 300 a year, by making over to Goveromont 4 per cont. promissory notes for Rs. 7,500. The formalities to bo gone through in respect of the trustership of the building and of the securities are now the subject of oltivial correspondence. A grant ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 33 BBOONDARY EDOCATION wan. of Rs. 1.000 has subsequently been sanotioned by Government from the expected savings of the education budget for 1885-86 for furnishing the Taki school." Government has further sanctioned the erection of a tablet in the school building to commemorate the liberality and public spirit of Baboo Raj Mohun Roy Choudhary. 92. In the Burdwan Division there are eight high schools under public management, viz. seven departmental schools, and the municipal school at Burd. The average number of pupils in the departmental schools was 308, against 331 returned in the preceding year. There has been a loss of pupils in each of these schools on account of the operation of causes which have equally affected all of them. The postponement of the university Entrance and school examinations to April 1885, and the enforcement of the rule of payment of fees from the beginning of the session, stopped all admissions in the last quarter of the year. It generally happens that the numerical strength of a school falls off about the close of an academical year, and that it rises to the highest point within a short time after the new session has begun. Hence, in other ycars, March was the month of maxinium numerical strength, as it has been that of minimum numbers this year. In addition to this general causo, it is to be stated that some of the sudder station schools have Jost pupils on account of the establishment of other schools in their neighbourhood. 93. The Inspector notices that the Uttarpara Government school, which enjoys a Government grant of Rs. 1,200 and an endowment of an equal value from Baboo Joykrislına Mookerjea and the lato Buboo Rajkrishua Mookerjea, had a total income of Rs. 15,160 from all sources, while its expenditure amounted to only Rs. 12,095. The Boerbhoom school, which of late years has shewn brilliant results at the Entranco examination, was visited by His Honor the Lieutenant-Governor in November 1884. Sir Rivers Thompson was pleased to record the following remarks regarding the school—The report which I received of the working of the Government school at Soory was a very gratifying one. It was specially successful in the last examination, passing 19 out of 31. I propose to give a prize to the boy from this school who passes highest in the next Entrance examination." The expendituro of the Howrah school has for some years exceeded its income, owing mainly to the grado increments of the masters' salaries; but on the promotion of the late head-master to an Assistant Inspectorship, his successor has been appointed on a somewhat lower salary. The new head-master desired to havo the old net grant to the school restored, but the Vice-President of the District Committee held that no action should be taken on the recommendation till the scheme of local self-government came into operation. 94. The Inspector of the Behar Circle writes as follows- “ Private entorprise in the matter of high schools is steadily making its way, and every encouragement is given to it. Perfectly free competition is maintained, the only condition being that it is honest. The middle English school, supported by tho Hatwa kaj, has been raised to the Entrance standard, but it is not yet knowo whether the University bus accepted the school. So with the Sadıkpore school in Patna City. The Revilgunj Municipal school is applying to be raised also, but I cannot recommend this, as the change is very premature. The chief features in the history of the zillah schools have been the separntion of the City school, Patna, from the Collegiate school, and the amalgamation with it of the Jhuugunge aided school, and the transfer of the zillah school from Deoghur to Dumka." It may be observed that the question of the transfor of the zillah school from Deoghur to Dumka is still under the consideration of Government. 95. Middle English Schools. The statistics for these schools for the past two years are compared below:- 1883-84. 1885-85. Schools, Pupils. Schools. Pupils. 7 7 MIDDLE ENGLISH SCHOOLS FOR BOYS- Maintained by the department Ditto municipal boards Aided by the department or by muni. cipal boards Unaided 1,077 283 924 200 1 .. 521 124 34,364 7,013 539 155 37,216 9,295 ... Total ... 663 42.737 095 17,714 ·34 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR SECONDARY EDUOATION. 96. These figures do not include schools for Europeans and Eurasians. The number of Government schools was seven, as in the previous year. These wore the Colingah branch school for Mahomedans attached to the Calcutta Madrassa, the model school attached to the Calcutta normal school, the Rangamati and Bandarban boarding schools for Mughs and Chukmas in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, the Darjeeling zilla school, the model school attached to the Patna normal school, and the Cuttack model school. The singlo municipal school is the model school at Bogra, which recoives a grant from the local municipality in lieu of the old Government grant. 97. Aided schools have risen from 521 to 532, and their pupils from 34,364 to 37,215. This increase of schools may bo thus explained :- The Presidency Division gained seven schools, the Burdwan Division six, Rajshahyo one, and Dacca five, while Patna lost one school and Bhagulpore seven schools. The number of schools in the other divisions remained unchanged. 98, Unaided schools show an advance from 124 to 155. This gain of 31 schools is thus accounted for. The Presidency Division gained nino, Burdwan twelve, Rajshahye one, Dacca two, Chittagong two, Bhagulpore six, and Orissa four schools, the town of Calcutta gainod one school, while Patna lost five and the Chota Nagpore Division lost one. The aidod and unaided middle English schools, as pointed out before, form parts of the same educational system, since many of the latter are started and kopt up in the hope of receiving a Government grant. The total number of middle English schools was 695, against 653 of the proceding year. IIad the position of the grant-in-aid fund been easy onough, many of the 157 unaided schools would have been brought over to tho aided list. The distribution of middle Englislı schools is shewn below. The Presidency Division has 142, Calcutta nine, Burdwan Division 158, Rajshahye 64, Daccio 116, Chittagong 39, Patna 89, Bhagulporo 33, Chota Nagpore 11, Orissa 27, and the Orissa Tributary Mehals four. 99. I yive below the usual extracts from tho divisional reports in explanation of the increase and decrease in the number of schools, and their success at the departmental exanıination. In tho Presidency Division the number of aided schools rose from 104 to 111, and the number of their pupils from 7,182 to 7,904. In the 2-Pergunnahs the aided schools increased by one. Three unaided middle English schools, viz. the Naihati, Kaurapukur, and Magra received new grants during the your, whilo the grant-in-aid school at Nalkuru was closed by the managers, and the municipal middle English school at Mirzapore was changed into a middle vernacular school. The number of aided schools in Nuddea remained stationary, but the place of the Mehorpore aided middlo English school (raised to the status of a high English school, us noticed before) was filled by the Apulia middle English school, which received a new grant. The number of aided middle English schools in Jessore rose from 14 to 18. Now grants were sanctioned for four schools, viz. Fulari, Bhaturia, Kamta, and Mahoshklola, and the two aided middle vernacular schools at Joydeah and Kotchandpur were raisod to the aided middle English standard. At the same time the schools at Hazrapur and Chandra ceased to exist. In Khulna the new school at Musri received a grant, and so increased by one the number of middle English aided schools returned last year. In Moorshedabad the number of aided schools rose from 13 to 14, owing to a new grant having boen sanctioned for the Jeaganj school from the funds of the Moorshedabad Municipality. The unaided schools mcrcased from 22 to 31; the increase being largest in Jessore, which reports six new schools. Moorshedabad shows no change, while the 24-Pergunnahs show an apparent loss of one school. It appears that while in the previous year 115 candidates were successful out of 193 sent up, 185 passed out of 291 during the year under report. There were 31 pupils from middle English schools who passed by the middlo vernacular standard. Adding these to the number passed by the middle English standard, the total number that passed the iniddle examination from middle English schools was 216, against 173 in the previous yoar. There were, besides, six pupils who passed the middle English scholarship examination from four middle vernacular schools, one from the Senhati school in Khulna gaining a middle English scholarship. Of 92 aided middle English schools that sent up candidates to the middle English scholarship examination, 75 passed pupils by the middle English and eight by the middle vernacular standard. “The Dhakuria, Sarangabad, Salipur, and Syamnugar schools ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 35 6BOONDABY BDUCATION. in the 24-Pergunnahs; the Belpukuria, Chapra, and Haradham schools in Nuddea; and the Basundhia and Raigram schools in Jessore wero unsuccessful. There were 19 aided middle English schools which did not compete for any middle examination, against 27 in the previous year. The namos of these 19 noncompeting schools are given below. In the 24-Pergunnahs-Goria, Kaorapukur, Gopalpur, Dhanghata, Magrahat, and Naihati; in Nuddea-Subarnapur, Chapra, and Hatisala; in Jossoro--Ganganandapur, Bhaturia, Sundorpur, and Kamta ; in Khulna-Karapara, Musni, Chandanpur, and Nalta; in Moorshedabad-Jeagunge and Rampal. Among the competing schools the most successful were Gobindpur, Nibadhai, and Bishnupur in the 24-Pergunnahs; Bhajangbat, Goari Hindu, Ula, and Anulia in Nuddea ; Bongong and Sailkupa in Jussoro; Khararia and Banka Bhowanipur in Khulna; and Eroali in Moorshedabad. The Meherpur middle English school, lately clevated to the class of a high English school, sent up three pupils to the middle English scholarship exumination, all of whom passed, and two obtained scholarships. 100. In the Burdwan Division, the aided middlo English schools have increased from 127 to 133, and tho unaided from 13 to 25. The increase of six aidod schools has been thus brought about : six new grants have been sanctionod, one school bas been raisod from middlo vernacular to middle English, and one high school reduced to the middle English standard. On the other hand, one grant has been cancelled and one middle English school of the last year has been raised to the status of a high English school. The unaided schools have increased by 12, and many of them have applied for grants. With the gain in the number of schools, there has been a corresponding gain in the number of pupils. The actual increase is represented by 1,504 students. The Inspoctor reports that, in comparison with the results of the preceding year, the numbor of competing schools has increased by 21, the number of examinees by 69, and the number passed by 76. Twenty-eight more candidates from nine niddle vernacular schools appeared at the middlo English examination, of whom 13 were successful; and 78 boys from 44 middlo Englislı schools passed by the vernacular standard. It is further to be noted that two passed candidates from the Dumurdaha and Haripore middle vernacular schools have obtained middle English scholarships. Of the 100 competing aided schools, 87 have passed candidates either by the middle English or the middle vernacular standard. Of the romaiuing schools that did not send up candidates, 13 are new schools, and tho rest on account of local and other causes, such as prevalence of fever, want of proper supervision on the part of the managers, and frequent change of teachers, could not prepare candidates for the examination. Many of tho middle schools in the Burdwan Division havo an inadoquate staff of teachors, and it is owing to this circumstance that thoy are not in a position to propare candidates for the scholarship oxamination regularly every year. The average grant to a middlo English school is now less than Rs. 25 a month. The Inspoctor's suggestion that it slıould be raised to Rs. 30 a month is a good one, and muy be carried out, if there are sufficient funds. 101. In the Rajshahye Division, while one upper primary and one middle vernacular school were raised to the middle English standard, and one high school reduced to the status of a middle school, one middle English school war made a high school and one school ceased to be aided. At the middle English scholarship examination, Bogra, Dinagepore, Pubna, and Rungpore sent up candidates from a larger number of schools than before, while in Julpigoree and Rajshahye the number of competing schools diminished. The number of candidates foll in Darjeeling, Julpigoroe, and Rajshahye, but rose considerably in Rungpore and Pubna, 102. In the Dauca Division the aided schools have advanced from 87 to 92 and their pupils from 7,431 to 7,964, while the unaided schools have advanced from 22 with 1,108 pupils to 21 with 1,691. In the Dacca district all the aided schools (36 with 3,257 pupils) were aided from the grant-in-uid fund: there were also seven unaided schools with 525 pupils. The schools that have done well at the scholarship examination are those at Sakta, Lauhajang, Lotakhola, Abdullapur, and Dhankora. Those that failed to prys boys are Madanjanj, Bandar, Aminpur, Rajarampur, Muhammadpur, Konda, Betka, Banari, Srinagar, Suapur, Nannar, and Jainsar. Of these, Bandar, Rajarampur, and Muhammadpur are now schools ; Madanganj and Aminpur bave E 2 ·36 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR SECONDARY IDOCATION teachers who are hardly qualified for their posts; and Konda, Betka, and Jainsar suffered from frequent changes of teachers. Nannar, Banari, and Srinagar passed candidates at the middle vernacular examination. Ten schools sent up no candidates. Four of these are new, two had incompetent teachers, two had been successful in former y cars, one is situated in a very backward part, and the tenth is practically a vernacular school with an English class attached. In the Furreedpore district the aided schools increased by one, and the unaided decreased by three, the net loss being two. Of the 15 aided schools, 12 competed at the middle scholarship examination, and two of the five unaided schools competed. Also three middle vernacular schools competed at the English examination, and properly speaking should have been ranked as middle English schools. This was not dono because they receive their grants-in-aid as vernacular schools. The most successful schools are those at Khalkula, Meghna, Gosainhat, and Amgram. One school only competed and was unsuccessful, viz. the Kotwalipara school, situated in the most backward part of the district. The Bangesvardi, Padamdi, Olpur, Kartikpur, and Palong schools, though unsuccessful in the English examination, passed candidates by the middle vernacular test. The schools of the Backergungo district have increased from 19 to 24, 2.c. by five, of which four are aided schools. Thirteen of them sent up 30 candidates to the middle English examination. The schools which sent up no candidates are Khalsakati, Daulatkhan, Goalbhaor, Kusangal, Nathullaboz, Bakai, Samdaykati, Krishnakati, and Rairkati. The five first namod are now schools; the Rairkati school ranked as a high school till November last, and consequently was unable to present candidates; and the other three schools competed at the middle vernacular examination. The most notably succossful of the middle English schools are Uzirpur, Rahamatpur, Bassanda, Gaila, Kirtipasa, Abhaynil, Banaripara, l'atuakhali, and Baophal; no school competed and failed to pass in Englisli excepting Gabha, but it passed a boy at the middle vernacular examination. In Mymensingh, the aided schools fell from 20 with 1,617 pupils to 19 with 1,593 pupils. Applications were received for aid from several schools, but no grants could be given to them for want of funds. The unaided schools advanced from nino with 498 pupils to 10 with 651 pupils. The schools which obtained romarkably good results at the middle English examination are those at Kalipur, Banagram, Elenga, Nagarpur, and Pingna. The schools at Delduar, Gayhata, Karatiya, Netrakona, Bajitpur, and Jangalbari also competed, but, failing in English, obtained vernacular certificates. The schools which competed but failed entirely are the Jalalpur, Noapur, and Achmita schools. 103. In the Chittagong Division there was a net increase of 10 schools. In Tipperah the number of aided schools was the samo as in the provious year. The largest aided school of this class is that at Chandpur, containing 108 pupils, and the smallest is that at Leishara, which is in a very unsutisfactory condition. The Deputy Inspector recommends the transfer of its grant to the newly established unaided school at Babur Hat. The number of unaided schools has risen by one, and that of their pupils has risen from 527 to 580. In Chittagong the number of aided schools was the samo as in the year before, but that of their pupils has risen from 544 to 671. Unaided schools show an increase of one, and the number of their pupils has risen from 187 to 279. In Noakholly the number of aided schools was the same as in the previous There hus been a slight falling off in tho number of pupils. In the Hill Tracts the number of middle English schools bas remained the same. They are the two Government boarding schools at Rangamati and Bandarban. These are the only Government schools of the middle English class in the division. The fee receipts show an improvement from Rs. 50 to Rs. 69. The Deputy Commissioner supports the views of the Deputy Inspector in regard to the desirability of establishing a higher class English school in the Hill Tracts. Dr. Martin is of opinion that it would be an expensive innovation, and that very little would be gained by it. The Officiating Commissioner, Mr. Lyall, is of opinion that the question of raising the standard of the Rangamati school may “at present lie over." scholarship examination, 71 candidates appeared from 22 schools, and 35 from 18 schools were successful, In the Patna Division, the number of middle class English schools has fallen from 96 to 90. The decrease of six schools is thus accounted for: 13 new schools were opened, 18 were closed, and one submitted yeur.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 37 BECONDARY EDUCATION. no returns. There has been a loss of one aided and fire upaided schools. The large decrease of nine unaided schools in the Gya district is accounted for by the fact that four of them wero aided during the year, while four others were merely primary schools, and should never have been styled middle schools. The ninth submitted no returns. Six schools were closed in the Shahabad district. They were all worthless schools, the secretaries of which had quite disregarded their responsibilities. Such schools are being gradually weeded out. At the middle scholarship examination the number of competing schools was 35, and the number of successful schools 30. The number of successful candidates was 56, and the number of those who secured scholarships 19. Tested by the merit marks, Patna stands first, Gya second, and Mozufferpore a good way behind-third. The other districts have not done well. Sarun, which last year occupied the first place along with Mozufferpore, row stands fifth. None of the districts have done well at tho middle English scholarship examination. 104. In the Bhagulpore Division, aided schools have declined from 29 to 22, and their pupils from 1,399 to 1,228. The two schools--Kharhara and Sainchak -of Bhagulpore, and the two schools--Kilpara and Bhariadangi—of Purneah were abolished on account of the withdrawal of their Government grants; the school at Aiho in Maldah was reduced to the middle vernacular grade, and the Bengali boys' school at Monghyr has been classed as unaided on account of the withdrawal of its Government grant. This accounts for the loss of soven schools under the aided class. The increase of six unaided schools has entirely taken place in the district of Monghyr. Threo new schools were opened at Monghyr, one at Gogri, and one at Garsanda, and the Bengali school at Monghyr has been included in this class. At the middlo scholarship examination 48 candidates arpeared from 14 schools, of whom eight passed. Half the unsuccessful candidates, however, obtained middle vernacular pass certificates. In the Bhagulpore district, Banka, Colgong, and Supoole (aided) and Madchpura (unaided) sent up 12 candidates, and two passed from Supoole. One from Banka, two from Colgong, and one from Supoole passed the middlo vernacular examination. In Monghyr 15 boys from three schools, viz. Shaikhpuru, Jamui, and Beguserai competed, and one from each school passed. Jainui and Beguserai passed one candidate each in the middle vernacular examination. In Purneah, the Arrariah and City Purncah schools sent two candidates each, and none passed. One from Arrariah and two from City Purncah succeeded in passing the middle vernacular examination. In the Sonthal Pergunnahs 11 candidates from all the four aided schools, viz. Anjora, Rajmehal, Sahebgunge, and Godda competed, and only two passed one from Rajmehal and one from Godda. One from Amjora, two from Godda, and three from Sahebgunge passed the middle vernacular examination. In Muldal only one school out of five, viz. Kansat, sent up candidates. Of the six that appeared from this institution only one passed. Four others, however, passed the middle vernacular examination. 105. In Chota Nagpore, the loss of one school and 38 pupils is due to the abolition of the Kharakdiha aided school in Hazaribagh for want of local support. The decrease of one school and 90 pupils under the head of unaided has resulted from the transfer of the Ichak schodi, in the same district, to the list of aided institutions. This has made up for the loss of Kharakdiha under the head of aided schools. Of the 13 aided schools, four with 187 pupils were in Manbhoom, seven with 441 scholars in Hazaribagh, and two attended by 299 children in Lobardugga. The one unaided school with seven pupils was in Singbhoom, and was supported by the Raja of Seraikela. This was attended purely by the children of the Raja's family, and should not have been returned under the head of public schools. Of the 14 schools, only eight competed at the examination with 34 candidates. Out of these again, 25 pupils were successful from seven schools, three being placed in the first, nine in the second, and 13 in the third division. Besides these, two boys passed in the second division from the middle department of the Chaibassa amalgamated school. The corresponding figures for the preceding year were six in the second and six in the third division: in all 12 only. The result for the year was therefore highly satisfactory. Considering each district separately, Manbhoom competed with three schools and vine candidates and pussed six from two schools--one in the first division. The successful schools were those at Raghunathpur and Barabazar, the former passing five candidates, and the ·38 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR SLUONDARY EDUCATION. latter one only. In Hazaribagh, three schools sont up 13 candidates, of whom 12 passed from three schools, viz. four from Giridih, three from Chatra, and five from Ichak, one of the boys passed from the last named school being placed in the first division. In Lohardugga, the Ranchi Anglican Mission and Lohardugga schools compotod respectively with 11 and one in all 12 candidates--of whom seven passed, viz. six from the former and one from the latter school, the successful boy from Lohardugga being placed in the first division. In the district of Sing. bhoom, two boys were successful from the Chaibassa zilla school. The Assistant Inspector states that all the middle English schools in Chota Nagpore bave adopted the vernacular basis. This, I nood hardly observe, is a constitution which suits a poor and backward provinco excoedingly well. In advanced districts, most childron that attend these schools do so with the avowed object of preparing themselves for high English and university education. Hero a majority of our pupils in middle English schools do not go boyond the middle standard To tho former, thereforo, a greater familiarity with the English language is. necessary, and it cannot be denied that the study of all subjects except the second language through the medium of English in a great measure tends towards the attainment of that end. To our pupils in Chota Nagpore, on the other hand, most of whon must finish their education in middle schools, the acquisition of as much useful knowledge as possible within a few years is the first consideration, and there can be little doubt that this object is best attained by learning things through one's own vernacular. The use, however, to hich oven a little knowledge of English can be turned is also not lost sight of, and tho pupils are allowed to learn as much of it as they can afford to do, along with the more substantial study of the vernacular subjects. The paucity, nevertheless, of suitable text-books in Hindi (to be dealt with more fully in its proper place) stands, to a certain extent, in the way of working these schools with as much success as is done in Bengal proper." 106. In Orissa, the increase of four schools has been the result of the opening of the Metcalfe, the Cuttack Town, Birol, and Banpur schools in Cuttack and Pooree, the elevation of the Parikood middle vernacular school in Pooree to the middle English class, and the abolition of the Bentkar school in Cuttack. The only Government middle English school is the Cuttack model school. Of the aided schools, the most efficiont are the Barbati and the Dehurda schools in Balasoro, Khorda in Pooree, and the Cuttack model, Sangat, Kaunpur, and Purusttumpur schools in Cuttack. Tho Cuttack town school is the best of the unaided class. Not a few of these unaided schools, both middle English and middlo vernacular that have put in applications for grants, are reported to be languishing for want of Government support.” Commenting ou the results of tho ruiddle English scholarship examination tho Joint-Inspector says: numerical results for the yoar under review indicate some advance in officiency; but considered with reference to quality, they do not afford oqual grounds for congratulation. Out of 33 successful candidates, only five have secured the miniinum marks in English in order to be cligible for scholarships. The failure in most casos has been in English, and is mainly due to the circumstance that the English paper was unusually difficult. Many of the competing schools avoided absolute failure by passing candidates at the middle vernacular scholarship examination." The non-competing schools are for the most part new institutions scarcely ripe for shewing results. The most successful schools in tho division are Barbati in Balasoro, Khorda in Pooree, and Purusttumpore in Cuttack. In the Orissa Tributary Mehals there were seven candidates sent up to the scholarship examination from two out of its four schools, viz. Baripada and Dhenkanal, of whom four passed in the first division and three in the second : the Baripada school stood first in Orisha in point of merit." 107. Middle English scholarship examination. The results of the examination are tabulated below. The standard is that of the middle vernacular scholarship examination with English added as a language only :- " The ·Vilillo English scholarship é.cumination, 1885. NUYBRE OP INSTITUTIONS BENDIXG BYAXINBBS NCXBER OF ESANITEEB, NCYBBR PASSED. BACB OR CB3RD OP PABEBD BCHOLARS. Government institutions. Aided institutions. Other institutions, Total. 'Gay amont institutions. Aident institutions. Other iostitutions. Private students. Total. DIVISIONS Computing schools. Suoomustul schools. Competing schools, Successful sohools. Competing schools. Sucressful schools. Computing schools, Succogsful scbools. Government institutions. Luded institutions. Other institutions. Privato students. First division. Si con division. Third division. l'irst division. Second division. Thurd division. First division. Second division. Third division. First division, Second division. Third division. First division. Suoond division. Third division. Europhans and Hurriano. Native Christiana. Mahomedone. Hindus. Total. Othors. Presidency ...... 92 75 96 ... 284 10 301 ... . .. 82 US 58 2 NO 2 If 85 64 185 ** .. 5 L. Calcotta 1 1 1 1 2 21 2 1 11 1 23 8 1 . . 1 8 5 8 15 . .. Burdwan 100 10. ...... 6 83 9 108 87 293 11 326 17 71 79 PI 17 87 172 4 ... Rajshahge OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 2 90 98 8 105 173 $ & 1 18 10 2 1 18 85 14 3 ... .. .. Dacca 69 41 199 11 7 157 24 21 6 I ... 24 . 6 : 52 II. O 5 Chittagong 18 10 2 22 18 51 19 72 1 7 16 4 9 1 ... 7 23 ... . 5 8577 ... .. *** wo Hatua 8 8 33 12 58 15 19 95 1 2 9 3 % ... . 10 ... - 10 ... 2 ca 26 13 Bbagulpore 7 1 ft 3 51 ... . 1 4 3 .. 1 3 6 II. .. Chota Yagpore & 7 8 7 1 II... ... 3 9 13 .... ... 3 9 13 6 19 Ir. . .00 OTHS 1 14 20 2 2 17 13 12 8 ES 1 .. 8 12 7 1 . 9 16 ... ... > 9 91 d. 2 IN Orissa Tributary Jehals 2 2 G 2 Pl. ... .. 3 ... ... . ... ... 4 0 . II. . Total 6 78 22 417 302 1,085 110 1,291 13 10 2 113 250 193 8 11 2 10 134 283 6 398 21 1 * Excluding 26 bogs from 21 middle Fernscular schools aud five bore from two high English schools rassing middlo Englist scholarship examination, t approximate. 89 BDUOATION. BLOONDARY ·40 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR SBCONDARY EDUCATION 108. The foregoing statement shows that 417 grhouls sent up 1,291 can. didates, of whom 623 were successful, in addition to 26 who passed the examination from vernacular schools. In the previous year 337 schools sent up 985 candidates, of whom 453 passed, together with 28 boys from vernacular schools. The total number of successful candidates therefore was 649, against 481 in the year before. This result is highly gratifying, and shows that the schools are gradually accommodating themselves to the systom of minimum pass marks in English, vernacular, and arithmetic, which was introduced in 1882. The postponement of the examination from October to March no doubt contributed to some extont to this result. The aided schools, which form the backbone of the middle system, passed by far the largest number of candidates It is also interesting to note that, while in the previous year only 12 middle vernacular schools succooded in passing candidates at the middle English examination, no less than 21 schools are now reportod to have reached that standard, so as to justify their inclusion in the returns of iniddle English_schools. This satisfactory result is entirely due to the rule under which middle English schools are conducted on a vernacular basis. The detailed accounts of the succoss of different divisions and districts have beon furnished elsewhere. 109. Middle vernacular schools.-The comparative statistics of these schools for two years are subjoined 1883-84. 1884-86. Schools. Pupils, Schvols, Pupils. 182 MIDDLE VERNACULAR SCIOOLS FOR BOYS Maintained by the department Ditto municipal boards Aided by the department or municipal bourds Unaided ... 10,313 737 180 9 10,474 1,441 5 I.. 846 76 45.661 4,991 849 102 47,872 6,221 Total ... 1,108 61,702 1,140 66,011 110. The schools have advanced from 1,108 to 1,140, and their from 61,702 to 66,011. There is a decrease of two dopartmental schools, which is thus explained. Two schools in the Burdwan Division, one school in Rajshahye, and one in Bhagulpore have been transferred to municipal boards, while two new schools have boon returned from the Patna Division. Schools maintained by municipal boards have rison from five to nine, while two schools in tho Burdwan Division, and one school in each of the divisions of Rajshahye, Bhagulpore, and Chota Nagpore, was taken over by municipal boards, and one school in the Patna Division is reported to have been given up by then. The increase of four aided schools is thus accounted for. The Presi. dency Division shows an increase of 12 schools, tho Burdwan Division of 17, Rajshaliye three, Chittagong one school, Chota Nagpore two schools, and Orissa one school. On the other hand, the Dacca Division shows a loss of nine, the Patna Division of 19, and the Bhagulpore Division of four schools. These losses are nainly due to the reduction of the schools from the middle to the upper primary standard. ill. While in the preceding year unaided schools decreased from 84 to 76, they rose from 76 to 102 during the year under review. The increase of 26 schools is explained below. The Presidency Division shows a gain of three schools, the Burdwan Division of 14 schools, Rajshahye four, Dacca two, Chittagong two, and Orissa two schools, und Bhagulpore one school, while the town of Calcutta shews a loss of two schools. Taking all classes of middle vernacular schools together, their present distribution is as follows : - Presidency Division 231, Calcutta nine, Burdwan Division 219, Rajshahye Division 140, Dacca 235, Chittagong 99, Putna 74, Bhagulpore 56, Chota Nagpore 30, Orissa 39, and the Orissa Tributary Mehals eight. 112.' It has been stated in a foregoing paragraph that the aided and unaided schools form parts of the same system, both attempting to impart instruction of the same character, and that most schools pass through a preliminary unaided stage before thoy are assisted by Government grants. It is a significant fact that during the past year there has beon a large addition to the list of unaided middle schools, the unaided middle English schools having advanced from ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 41 SECONDARY EDUCATION. 124 to 155, and the unaided middle vernacular schools from 76 to 102. A few of the unaided schools are not likely to be aided owing to local or other difficul. ties; but the great majority of them were started and oxist in the hope of getting a grant-in-aid. Assuming that 200 out of the 257 unaided middle schools are to be aided, and that the average grant to a school is to be only Rs. 20 a month, Government will have to provide in the immediate future a sum of Rs. 4,000 a month, or Rs. 48,000 a year in aid of these schools alone. Owing to the circumstance that the grant-in-aid fund was exhausted during the past year, and that it has not been found practicable to make any substantial addition to it during the current year, the projectors of the new schools have in many instances folt disappointed. There are other classes of schools for natives also in need of assistance, but their number is not large, and I may confidently limit the Government expenditure on them during tho coming year to Rs. 20,000. It appears therefore that an addition of Rs. 68,000 per annum is required under the head of grants-in-aid to native schools. It has been pointed out elsewhere that at present a number of primary schools for boys are aided from the grant-iu-aid allotment. If they are in future subsidised from the primary fuod, a sum of Rs. 16,000 or more will be set free for expenditure on secondary schools, and will thus to some extent relieve the grant-in-aid budget. 113. The policy enunciated by Mr. Croft and accepted by Government that Government vernucular schools should be planted in advanced rather than backward localities has been recognized as a step in advance, and endeavours are being made in different localities to add English classes to these institutions. It is believed that this change will have the effect of so improving the position of the schools that they will in a few years recover their original character of “ model” schools a character which they had lost under the previous system of administration, that treated them as • pioneer” schools for less advanced tracts. It has been rightly held that for such tracts upper primary schools op a liberal basis, costing about Rs. 8 a month, wcro good enough, and that it was not necessary to spend Rs. 25 a month for such a purpose. Circle schools also in certain districts fulfilled functions analogous to those expected of the model schools, at an average cost of less than Rs. 8 a month. The financial effect of the change will not be felt for the prosent, as the model schools will only be transplanted to wealthier and more populous localities, where the people build a good school-house and furnish it suitably, besides providing from fces and subscriptions for a considerable portion of the total expenditure. 114. The following table gives the results of the middle vernacular scholarship examination:

·EDUCATION. SECONDARY + Jiddle cornaculur schokırship examination, 1885. 42 ---- NUMBER OF INSTITUTIONS SEXUISG EXAMINEES. XENBER OF EXAYINEES. XCYBER PABIED. BACE OR CRRD OP PABSED SCHOLARS. Griernninnt institutions 4 idee. untstitutions. Other insitutions. Total Government institutionis. Aided institutions. Other institutions. Private students, Total, DIVISIOSS. Competing schools. ILU Successful schools. Computing schools. Successful school, Competing schools. Buckeyeful schools, Competing 4chools. Successful schools. Govertiment institution Aided institutions. Other institutions. Private students. First division. Second division. Thad division. First division. Second division. Third division, First division. Second division. Third division, First division. Second division, Third division, Firat division. Socond division. Third division. Europenns and Eurasians. Native Chriatians. Mabomedans. Hindus. Total. Others. I Presidency ... 10 19 170 140 A 186 165 53 57 S 81 1 7231+ 16 11 82 151 1# 5 2 2 11 23 66 183 185 *** 431 REPORT Calcutta 1 5 5 1 3 7713 34 10... ... 3 2 16 NO . ** Burdwan 27 22 163 135 5 193 10 107 5 511 23 175 816 15 29 | 36 35 169 ... 31 3 15 | 63 5,3 146 271 .. 183 7 Rajshahye ... 21 15 13 6 ins 70 211 30 37.3 6 16 22 16 55 33 1 to 6 .. 1 8 74 13 Dacca 195 151 13 9 9 21: 177 48 011 EFT 85 1999 19 83 103 159 $ 15 2 13 JA OF THE DIRECTOR 109 209 *** 1. es Chittagong .. 8 QC 61 6 16 71 12 2 5 13 3 33 1 1 38 110 *** Patna 39 31 36 19 20 95 63 136 635 01 10 18 8 19 10 68 1 198 188 Bhagulpore ... 18 11 20 18 1 39 27 69 73 135 4 13 19 5 15 13 2 ... 10 11 11 Chota Naspore 10 13 11 23 19 51 15 1 164 9 10 16 2 . ... Orissa 13 11 39 39 2 33 19:14 17 5 10 3 9 6 27 19 4 101 Orissa Tributary Mehals 2 2 ***** 9 6 8 S 31 1 1 18 1 UN wa N 8 8 19 1. *** Total 100 134 762 617 76 47 SFL 700 2,351 218 1,019 6,433 4,433 97 780 173 307 658 €38 7 41 51 | 14 5+ |180 914 1,010 4,174 198 2,3797 2,379 * Approximate. + Excluding 62 boys from five high English and 674 boss from 24% widdle English schools, to amalgajated hixb English scbools, une survey, and one normal school passing the middle vernacular scholarship examination, ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 43 SKOONDARY BDODATION. 115. Out of 1,108 middle vernacular schools existing at tho beginning of the year, 998 sent 4,482 candidates to the examination, of whom 2,379 were successful in addition to 736 candidates passing from middle English schools or from the vernacular departments of high schools. The total number of successful candidates was therefore 3,115, against 2,031 in the procoding year. As both descriptions of middle schools are now eligible for middle vernacular as well as middle English scholarships and cortificates, I give below the combined result of the two examinations 1883-84. PARAED AT THE CLABS OP BCHOOLS. Number of candidates. Total paused. M.E. examination. M.V. examination. Middle English vernacular 936 3,720 453 28 510 1,521 363 1,549 19 ... Total 4,655 181 2,031 2,512 ... 1884-85, Middle English vernacular ... 3,027 1,513 31 736 2,379 1,35:1 2,410 .. Total ... 7,540 654 3,115 3,700 116. The date of the examinations having been altered from October to March, the candidatos liad nearly 17 instead of 12 months to prepare for tho cxamination. The large increase in the number of examinees as well as in that of successful candidates was to a great extent due to this circumstance, but it was no doubt partly owing to the better supervision exercised over secondary schools by the higher inspecting officers. V-PRIMARY EDUCATION. • רב אנשיו 117. The statistics of primary schools of all classes for native boys for the last two years are coinpared in the following statement : EDUCATION Upper Primary Schools. 1883-84. 1881-86. sehools. Pupils. Solvols. Pupils. 20 ... 656 780 22 6 753 201 Under Public Management- Maintained by the Department Ditto municipal boards Under Private Management- Aided by the Department or by municipal boards... Unaided 2,355 61 86,987 2,383 2,613 96,903 2,858 IO .. ... 79 Total 2,464 90,806 2,720) 100,715 ... Lower Primary Schools. Undor Public Management Maintained by the Department 12 297 Ditto municipal boards 2 51 Under Private Managomont- Aided by the Dopartment or by municipal boards 60,879 1,019,025 Unaided 4,369 54,531 20 152 489 ... ... 56,885 6,917 1,012,239 78,985 . Total 61,262 1,072,904 62,860 1,121,866 GRAND TOTAL 63,716 1,164,709 66,580 1,222,580 118 There is thus a total gain of 1,864 schools and 57,871 pupils. The schools have increased from 63,716 to 65,580, or by 2.9 per cent., and thoir ·44 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR PRIMARY EDUCATION pupils from 1,164,709 to 1,222,580, or by 4.9 per cent. These figures show that the schools are somewhat better attended than before. The increase is again most marked in the Dacca Division, which adds 2,116 schools and 27,532 pupils. Orissa has added 425 schools and 15,851. pupils, and Chota Nagpore 365 schools and 8,922 pupils. All the other Divisions show some increase, varying from 74 to 134 in schools and 1,800 to 6,600 in pupils, except Chittagong and Patna. Chittagong shows a loss of 1,139 schools and 18,570 pupils. The Patna Division shows a decrease of 428 schools, but an increase of 9,114 pupils—a circumstance which can be interpreted in but one way, viz. that the process of splitting up patshalas has at last reached its limit, and that a large number of inefficient gurus have left the field to their more successful competitors. The decrease in the Chittagong Division is reported to be the result of the orders of 1883-84 enjoining the gradual improvement of the patshalas already in hand and the non-admission to the reward examinations of schools of a rudimentary and ephemeral character. The subject will, however, be again discussed further on. 119. The following statement shows tho proportion of boys actually at school in the different districts as compared with the number of boys of schoolgoing age. I have assumed, as in previous years, that the boys of school-going age form 15 per cent. of the male population here, as in England. The returns for tho preceding year show that Noakholly occupied the first place with 66 per cont. of its boys at school ; Tipperah came next with 62.5 por cent; Hooghly stood third with 55.0 per cent, and Howrah fourth with 52:6 per cent. The districts of Burdwan, Midnapore, the 24-Pergunnahs, Backeryunge, Chittagong, Cuttack, and Balasore showed a percentage of botween 43 and 45 ; while Bankura, Dacca, Khoolna, Furrecdpore, Mymensingh, Beerbhoom and Pooree had between 28 and 36 per cent of their boys at school. The districts lowest in the scale were Julpaigori, Darjooling, Hazaribagh, and Lohardugga with between 8 and 10 per cent. The returns of the year under report show that Noakholly and IIooghly head tho list with 57 per cent. of their boys at school; Howrah is second with 55 per cent.; Tipperah is third with 53 per cont; Balasore is fourth with 51 per cent. ; and Backergunge is fifth with 50 per cent. The districts of Cuttack, Burdwan, Calcutta, Chittagong, Bankura, 24-Pergunnahs, Midnapore, and Dacca form the next group with 40 to 49 per cent. ; Furreedporo, Pooree, Beerbhoom, Myinonsingh, Khulna, and Singhbhoom have between 30 and 39 per cent ; Jessorc, Patna, Moorshedabad, Pubna, Bogra, Monghyr, and Maldah have from 20 to 28 per cent. . The lowest place in the series is occupied by Shahabad, Rajshahye, Gya, Nuddea, the Sonthal Pergunnahs, Sarun, Bhagulpore, Manbhoom, Rungpore, Dinagepore, Chum- Lohardugga, Darjeeling, Julpaigori, Durbliunga, Durblıunga, Mozufferpore, Purncah, and Hazaribagh with between 10 and 17 per cent. 120. An additional grant of Rs. 50,000 for primary education, ' raising the total grant under this head to Rs. 7,50,000, was sanctioned by Government for the year under report, in addition to the sum of Rs. 36,742 from the Estates Improvement Fund; but the district officers, who are charged with the admin. istration of the primary grant, succeeded in spending only Rs. 7,53,603. In addition to this a further sum of Rs. 61,018 was spent on primary schools for boys and girls from the grant-in-aid fund, Rs. 16,362 from the circle grant, and Rs. 16,771 were contributed by municipalities towards the support of primary schools. The total Government expenditure on aidod primary schools for boys and girls, exclusive of contingent and miscellaneous charges, amounted to Rs. 7,25,430 against Rs. 21,97,067 contributed from local sources, including municipal grants. Again, as the number of Government and aided lower primary schools for boys was 56,913, and the expenditure on them Rs. 22,38,282, each school on an average received Rs. 39 per annum from all sources. As a guru cannot be expected regularly to carry on his duties for less than Rs. 6 or Rs. 7 a month, it is clear that a part of the receipts from local sources, consisting of various small customary payments in kind, is not included in the returns, or that the guru often finds it necessary to combine some other occupation with his tutorial work. There is some measure of truth in either view of the case. The average Government contribution to a lower primary boys' school was less than Rs. 9 per annum-a fact wbich shows that as yet the Stato share of primary expenditure is small, and that speaking parun, ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 45 PRIMARY EDUOATIAN. broadly the patshalas are pre-eminently institutions maintained by the people for their own benefit. 121. An examination of the return of primary grant expenditure shows that 2,693 schools with 81,084 pupils were aided by stipends only amounting to Rs. 1,02,390 for the year, the average Government expenditure upon each school being about Rs. 38; that 4,501 schools with 144,423 pupils wero paid Rs. 1,39,437 in stipends and Rs. 48,148 in rewards and other payments, or a total of Rs. 2,89,975, boing at the rate of Rs. 40 a school ; and that 47,113 schools with 824,442 pupils received in rewards and other payments Rs. 3,15,573 in all, or at the rate of Rs. 7 for each school. There were also 6,100 schools with 87,449 pupils, which received Rs. 13,427 in sundry little payments, without sending pupils to any departmental or local examination. The average payment to each of these schools was a little above Rs. 2 a year, mainly for keeping registers of attendanco and submitting annual returns. These schools aro in a state of transition, but have not yet fornually accepted the departmental standards of examination. A sum of Rs. 1,378 was spont on indigenous schools. Miscellaneous paymonts cumo up to Rs. 87,647, being payments to chief gurus for the inspection of subordinate pathsalas (Rs. 41,572), contingencies (Rs. 16,534), contributions to circle and model schools (Rs. 7,548), grants for houses and furniture (Rs. 14,002), special primary scholarships (Rs. 4,031), special Sub-Inspectors (Rs. 1,422), and registration of unaided pathsalas (Rs. 2,538). The following summary gives the principal heads of charge:- Rs. Stipendiary schools Non-stipendiary schools Indigoncus schools Cost of prizes to pupils Other payments 2,89,975 3,29,000 1,378 45,603 87,647 Total 7,53,603 122. The subjoined statement shows the existing distribution of the primary graut:- DIVISION. Bchools. Pupils. Grunt for 1984-86. (trant for 1886-88. Rs. Rs. Presidency ... ... 5,149 150,209 96,000 94,400 Burdwan 10,202 224,928 1,26,000 1,24,200 Rajshahye ... ... ... 3,561 84.847 70,000 ... 77,400 Dacca 12,538 ... ... 246,948 1,000,000 96,600 Chittagong 5,247 123,716 70,000 ... .. 66,900 Patna ... ... ... 11,544 166,766 1,16,000 1,11,200 ... ... 7,431 ... 92,810 70,000 68,100 Bhagulpore Chota Nagpore ... 1,618 ... .. 46,385 49,000 47,000 Orissa ... ... ... 9,402 122,074 61,000 59,200 123. As explained in the previous report, the amount of grant for each division is determined not only by the number of primary schools and pupils in it, but also by the progress they have made and the material condition of the people. The consequence is that the divisions of Raj. shahye, Patna, Bhagulpore, and Chota Nagpore receive more in proportion to the numbers at school than the others, while Burdwan, which shows the highest progress, receives a larger share of the allotment than Dacca, which has nearly the same number of pupils.

·46 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR PRIMARY IDUUATION. 124, Upper Primary schools. These schools have advanced from 2,484 with 90,805 pupils to 2,720 with 100,715 pupils, giving an increase of 256 schools and nearly 10,000 pupils. This increase is most marked in the Dacca, Burdwan, Rajshahye, Presidency, and Chittagong Divisions; but all the Divisions have shared in it except Bhagulpore, which shows an appreciable decline. The prosent distribution of upper primary schools is as follows:- The Burdwan Division heads the list with 587 schools; the Presidency has 410, Dacca 364, Bhagulpore 321, Patna 285, Rajshahye 281, Orissa 208, Chittagong 159, and Chota Nagporo 65. Cálcutta has 3, and the Orissa Tributary Mehals have 37. 125. Out of 65,580 primary schools for boys it appears that 2,720 have reached the upper primary standard, -in other words, that there is one upper primary school for every 23 lower primaries, against 25 in the proceding year. Mr. Croft was not satisfied last year with the small number of these schools, and pointed out that at no distant day we ought to find about 5,000 schools reading the upper primary course, giving a proportion of 1 school of this class to 10 or 12 of a lower standard. The past year's operations have added 256 schools to the upper class, in spite of the fact that in some districts these schools are still regarded with disfavour, under the assumption that they form the lower portion of the edifice of secondary education, and not the top and crowning part of tho primary system. Some officers are apt to forget that the highest standard of primary education in England embraces, besidos English literature (at least as high as that fixed for tho Calcutta Univorsity Entrance standard), history, geography, and arithmetic, such spocific subjects as algebra, Euclid, mensuration, mechanics, botany, chemistry, physics, physiology, &c., Latin and French ;* and that the Bombay standard for primary schools is somewhat higher than the upper primary course for Bengal. At any rate, there can no longer bo any doubt that upper primary schools have a claim on funds set apart for primary education. The time has now arrived for affording them liberal aid and encouragement. They are in many cases survivals of the improved patshalas establishod by Baboo Bhudob Mukerjea, C.I.E., late Inspector of Schools, more than 20 years ago. The question of substituting in these schools mensuration for the first book of Euclid was discussed during the past year, but it is open to doubt whether mensuration could be effectually taught without some knowledge of geometry, and I am inclined to support the proposal that the two subjects should be taught together. In the primary schools of England and Scotland Euclid and Mensuration go together. 126. The results of the upper primary scholarship examination of 1885 for boys are tabulated below for each Division: Upper Primary Scholarship E.rumination for boys, 1885. NUYNER OR INSTITUTIONS BINDING EXAMINEES, NUMNER OF EXAMINERS. (ioonrnment Intitution14 Aided institutions. Other institutius. Total. DIVISIUN. : Correting schools. Successful schools. Competing schools. Successful schools. Competing schools, Successful schools. Competing schools. Successful schools, Government institutions. Aided institutions. Other institutions. Private students. Total. 279 1 1 192 710 798 1 ... ..... ..... 4501 1 26 206 142 .... 3 $ 19 30 20 5 2+ 21 278 291 104 52 70 8.5 10 1 1 1 610 267 117 195 191 225 90 149 180 Presidency .. Calcutta Burdwan ... ICO Chittagong Kunlunya Patat Bburalare Chota Vaux poro (TINY Crasil 'Tributary Mehals Total 101 104 1,426 599 214 474 628 687 160 485 1 NO 1,690 712 296 492 641 713 187 58% 70 NO .. .. III... 0 100 120 21 11 1 . 1 2 7 17 140 139 182 84 144 21 12 22 14 14 + 22 17 19 18 1,69 1,131 111 2,024 1,223 88 3,171 0,003 * The Scotch Code (1895) naken provision for Creek, German, and l'hysical Gengrupby in addition to the subjects amel xbovo.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 47 PHINAKY NUMDAR PABERD. BAOB OR CRERD OP PANSKD BCHOLARS. RDUOATION. Government institutions. Aided instilutions, Other institutions. Private Atudonta. Total. DIVISION. First division, Second division, Third division, First division. Second division. First division. Secind division. Third division First division. Second division. Third division. First division, Second division, Third division. Europeans and Eurasians. Native Christians, Hindus. Mauomedans. Olbers, 235 Third division. 13 71 1 100 3 13 73 10 229 + 927 I. 1.48 4 288 195 10 100 6 vod 1 300 SL 810 153 15 07 ... ... 1 81 381 34 10 11 7 15 11 1 8S 20 20 3 35 178 98 00) . crimi::: kimi:: 102 4 2842 241 80 10:39 87 77 S Przaidanoy Caloutta Burd wun Dncce Chittagong Rujshahye Patna Blaculporo... Chota Nakpore Orinou Orima Tributary Mehale Total ... 89 51 1 2 19 07 5 $10 70 58 31 17 12 17 21 14 10 20 103 165 1411 73 18 2. ... 12 13 1 .. 1. 170 201 136 1999 GR 35 102 18 879 10 I. 18 2 71 6 29 DI 13 650) 943 52 027 91 110 798 1,112' 1,113 9.1999 210*26* * Exclusive of the classification of 222 passed candidates froin the Cittagong Division, from which no returns wera ruceived. 127. Candidates forthe upper primary pass certificate from secondary schools have been excluded from the foregoing statement. Out of 2,024 competing schools only 1,223 were successful. Of 0,002 candidates, 2,953 passed the examination. In the provious year 1,465 schools sont up 3,955 candidates, of whom 1,945 were successful. The results therefore are entirely satisfactory. The Burdwan Division takes the lead, the Dacca Division stands next in order of importance, and Orissa tukos the third place. 128. Lower Primary Schools.—These schools have advanced from 61,252 to 62,860, and their pupils from 1,073,904 to 1,121,865, the Dacca Division having contributed the largest share of the increase, which is shared by all the divisions except Chittagong, where thero has been an apparent decrease of 1,178 schools and 19,735 pupils, and Patna, whore the number of schools has been reduced by 455, but the number of pupils shows an increase of 7,631. The decrease in the Chittagong Division is shared by all the districts, and is explained at length in the divisional and district summaries which follow. While the Magistrate of Tipperah attributes it to the wholesome strictness with which the reward examinations have been conducted, and the Magistrate of Noakholly considers it to be due to the fact that the examination was held simultaneously throughout the district under local committees at the several centres, the Deputy Inspector of Chittagong adduces both the causes as having been in operation in his district, and adds one or two of a less permanent character. It has been elsewhere shown that in regard to the numbers at school, Noakholly shares with Hooghly the honour of being the most advanced district of Bengal. "In the Patna Division, the loss of schools, attended by an increase in the number of pupils, is a sign that worthless gurus are gradually retiring from the field. The disappearance of the weakest and most ephemeral schools is no matter for regret, if it is followed by increased attention to the stronger and better taught schools. It appears that in Mozufferpore, a school with even one boy was recognised as a patshala; a man teaching only his son or other relative was considered as the teacher of a school : the duration of the existence of a patshala was not taken into account, and the nature of the instruccion imparted was not noted at all. It is further stated that more than throc-fourths of the non-stipendiary schools were season schools, which sprang up during tho winter and died away in the summer. A somewhat similar report comes from a vernacular nowspaper, which arranges the patshalas of a certain district in four classes, viz., (1) real patshalas which work regularly; (2) putshalas which are started about a month before the roward examinations, and disappcar as soon as the rewards are paid; (3) patshalas which do not exist at all, the inspecting pandit being shown a cluster of boys from a neighbouring patshula on tho day of inspection; (4) patahulas kept up for the convenience of particular families, which have very few pupils. The rule, therefore, under which no reward can be paid to a patshala which has not existed for at least six months ·48 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR TRIMARY BDUCATION and presented 10 boys at the examination, is likely to have an entirely salutary effect. 129. The following table gives the result of the lower primary scholarship examination for boys in each division :- Lower Primary Scholarship Examination for boys, 1884. NUMER OP INSTITUTIONS BENDING EXAMINERS. NUMBER OF EXAMIRRES. Government institutions. Aided institutions, ()ther institutions, Totul. DIVISION Competing schools. Successful schools. Competing schools. Saccessful schoule. Competing scbools. Successful schools. Competing schools. Successful schools, Government institutions. dided institutivns. Other institutions. Private students. Total. 737 469 737 469 2,214 2,274 1,461 3 15 400 1 ..... 1,441 1 343 482 1,91% 817 S 3 12 27 Presidency CAliutta Burdwan laore Chittagong Rajaluyu Patna Bhagalporo Chow Nagporc risau Tributury Mohola Total 00 2,227 1,814 456 841 2,468 1,186 6:38 1,505 25 843 477 1,012 817 8 2,237 1,816 456 871 2,469 1,188 538 1,50M 108 7,076 4,201 1,112 2,719 18,818 4,898 1, 4+5 ,208 72 8,089 4,217 1,648 2,314 13,61% 4,880 1,446 8,208 . 1 1,283 1,283 91 78 60 22 10 B 11,205 8,045 101 78 11,406 8,129 42,628 282 468 43,410 NUMER PANDED. RACIC OR CILEED OF VANSKI) SCILOLA 19. Government institutions, Aided institutrons. Other institutions. I'rivata studunts. Total. 18ION, Furst dirisien. Second division. Third division. First division. Second division, Third division. First division. Second division. Third disision. First dirig;en. Second division, Third division, First division, Second division. Third division, Europeans and Eurasians. Yative Christians. Hindus. Mabomedans. Others, 800 900) 4 721 175 ... 8,826 1,407 184 478 82 3 Presidency Calcutta Burdwab Luc: Chittagong Rajabalye Puina Bluxulpore Chota Nakpure Orga Orios Tributury Melals .. 713 1,1:7 (1,083 63 89 127 776 1.228 1,710 1,98 1.8178 (829 candidatus passed, but notailord classifications are 100 given) 552 210 17 | 12 874 12,783 3.2017 2,78 3,207 9:40) 055 X5,5 20 410 6.74 855 239 213 1 239 214 1:38 2,603 847 2,503 847 8 32 5 34 619 310 8,880 1,451) 717 9,2018 107 4998 078 23 41 31 102 20 Total 5,279 8,744 0,1791 43 64 45 86 97 137 3,406* 4,014° 6,331* 9° 17,601 2,800 205* .. * Exclusive of 829 pasaud cundulates from the Chittagong Division, which furnished no returne. In the previous your 40,706 pupils competed from 10,979 schools, and 20,011 were successful. There is therefore an increase of 427 competing schools, 2,704 candidates, and 1,489 successful scholars. 130. The following comparative statement shows the gradual advance made since 1876 towards the standard of the lower primary scholarship examination, which is generally accepted as that which the great majority of primary schools should in time attain :- YEAR. Candidatos. Paneed. Successful schools. ... ...... ... ..... 1877-78 1878.79 1879-80 1880-81 1881-82 1882-83 1883-84 1884-85 Competing schools. 4,474 6,053 7,020 7,487 8,283 10,387 10,979 11, 106 12,985 16,910 24,163 26,293 29,368 39,798 40,706 43,410 5,647 7,965. 11,354 13,951 16,131 16,862 20,011 21,500 ...... 8,129 . II ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 49 PRIMARY EDUOATION, Since 1882-83, minimum pass marks have been required in the different groups of subjects, so that the results of later examinations have presumably a higher educational value than those of previous examinations. 131. A question having arisen as to the success of the Government system of scholarships in enabling boys to advance through the chain of lower primary, upper primary, middle, junior and senior schulurships to a university degree, Mr. Croft requested the heads of all Government high schools to report which of the middle scholarship-holders studying in their respective institutions had previously held a Government upper or lower primary scholarship. The result of the enquiry shows that out of 669 middle scholarship-holders in zillah and collegiate schools , 93 had held upper and 66 lower primary scholarships, and the others liad apparently been brought up in middle schools. In other words, more than 22 per cent. of middle scholars had previously been primary scholars. A number of Government middle and primary scholarships are lield in non-Government schools, from which no returns were obtained; but the percentago given above probably holds good throughout, and shows that the money expended on scholarships is well spent. Some of the most cxperienced Inspectors confirm the general opinion that niidule scholars occupy a good position in the Entrance Examination, and it was pointed out years ago that the first Bengali gentleman who canio out as a Wrangler at Cambridge was originally a vernacular scholarship-holder in the Mymensingh district. 132. Tlie following table sliows the classification of lower primary schools according to the standards attained by them :- Statement showing the classification of Frimary Schools. F A- Viudher of Those that are lower pirimary below the low or Those in wluch that sent pupils to lower pri no printed shaji ufundard, Rcholarmary buons are rourt. but rrud printed slup examinabooks, tion. pirmary robolar. Total, DIVISION . Number of lower primary schools exaruined for rowards. Number of NONBKK OF PUPILS PABBED BY TIIBpupily Number prekond of for 5176 psfull olamine schools. tion, Ist or lower 2nd Any huxher standard standard Total. (0). standarul (e). Achools, Pupils, schools. Pupils, Schools. Pupils. Schools. Pupils. 1,049 315,640 20 409 3,618 64,892 3,506 39,403 10.971 1.670 44,44 I'residency Clienti Burd will Rajslibye l'H(174 Chiltong Putu Bharulpore Chota Nakpore (۲۱۶۶ 2,084 78,159 0,927 1,700 120.01.16 ,130 405,02 8,02 161,700 08,778 4.8:10 11,44% 2. 91 14,418 $5 2,418 0,00! 70,094 038 *+, 183 1,071 601,1.6.) 6:1 19.08 9,105 65,742 2,819 39,676 001 38,913 2,125 36,706 4,101 113,270 16: 8,17 2,133 119,633 3, 7: 74,500) 12,186 282.981 6,08 117,468 11,2 1144,90 7,158 801,762 1,5:37 9,183 116,190 918 3,981 1,801 27,166 1,366 3,107 32,050) 2,138 10,058 11 4,892 1. 7,82,5 2,039 7,39 4,00) 10,0417 1,139 411 7,452 81,077 92.439 112,07 82,798 315.000 80,917 4,170 87,079 7,6:26 2,345 7,067 4,4916 RAP 3,239 307 7,223 21,9) 12,383 43,760 -15.5519 3,661 15,290 5,1036 21,257 17,053 18,NA2 4,129 *8,388 42,098 2,034 14,4R3 22,078 87,002 12,130 77,784 5,879 52,402 8,61412,134 410 1,950 88,071 +2,421 1,2331 28,183 7,888 . This includes the 4th course, in which thore aro 1,180 pupils. 133. It was pointed out last year that considerable differences of opinion existod as to whether the traditional subjects of patshala instruction, such as mental arithmetic, subhankari, zemindari and mahujani accounts were taught as efficiently in the lower primary schools as they used to be in the patshalas of the old type. The subject is again noticed in the repcrts of some of the Inspectors and their assistants. The Officiating Inspector of the Presidency Circle writes :-“Tho Deputy Inspector of the 24-Pergunnahs, an officer of ability and experience, reports that there is an improvement in the teaching of those subjects, and that, in one subdivision in particular, many candidates from different patshalas answered questions in them so promptly as to elicit the praise of the examiners. The Deputy Inspector of Nuddea is of opinion that while the great majority of the patshalas in his district are riot strong in those subjects, there are many others which teach them to perfection. The report from Jessore confirms my own experience that the subjects have been to a groat extent neglected thero, owing to the undue preference shown for the reading of printed books. The Khulna report admits the existence of the evil, and the Deputy Inspector of Moorshedabad takes the same view and attributes the unsatisfactory state of things to the incompetence of the gurus employed there. Among the causes which interfere with the teaching of subhankari and zemindari and mahajani accounts in a practical manner are- (1) the low age at which boys are required to pass through a pathisala, the ·50 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR PRIMARY IDUCATION, scholarship limit being 11 years; (2) the withdrawal of patronage from the patshalas by the upper classes ; (3) the consequent employment of inferior men as gurus; (4) the apathy of the village community, which no longer considers it a part of its duty to keep up a good patshala. It must also be borne in mind that the middle and upper classes of the people no longer find patshala education sufficient for their purposes, and are accordingly compelled to support secondary schools for the education of their children. The great change that has come over the country, since the development of its administrative system and tho multiplication of railways, post offices, and other agencies for the spread of civilisation has no doubt operated in a direction unfavourable to the maintenance of patshalas on their old basis. The primary school course prescribed by Government, combining as it does some modern subjects, is, under such circumstances, not unsuited to the requirements of the country. A knowledgo of subhankari is imparted in many pathsalas with tolerable success, but the acquisition of a technical acquaintance with the details of zemindari and mahajani sherista is only possible after devoting to it special attention as an apprentico. Ilaving had the benefit of pathsala education myself, I am in a position to state that hardly one boy in 50 in my timo ever acquired any proficiency in those Special branches, which were reserved for those who had zemindaris to manage, or who were compelled to seek service in the zomindari kutcheri.” The Inspector of the Western Circle records the following remarks :-"With regard to the statemont that, in the present organized primaries, the traditional subjects of patshala instruction are neglected, it may be observed that the complaint is not altogether groundless. The gurus of the old class, who were experts in these subjects, are now being replaced by passed pupils of middle or upper primary schools, who, whatever may be their attainments in other subjects, aro not so well versed in zemindari and mahajani accounts, and in the indigenous system of mental arithmetic, as their predecessors. Further, the pupils in pathsalas belonging to the middle classes do not reinain in these schools for a sufficiently long time to learn thoroughly the old subjects. It may be stator, however, that during the past two years, the attention of the Sub-Inspectors having been directed to the toaching of these subjects, there has been some improvement in this respect. Dr. Martin quotes the views of his Deputy Inspectors, and points out that, if the guru ir an old class man and his pupils belong to the trading classes, subhankari and mahajani accounts receive particular attention. Where, however, the guru is an ex-pupil of a middle school, and his pupils do not much care for those subjects, they are apt to be neglected. Mr. Pope, Inspoctor of Behar, gives the following opinion :-"As to the neglect of the traditional subjocts in primary schools, I find a greater tendency in this direction in Bengali villages than in Behari. Á groat deal depends in this matter upon the Sub-Inspectors, and especially upon the control which the Deputy Inspoctor exerts. Hitherto thoy have had the idea that the more they encouraged modern subjects and methods, the better chance they had of promotion. They have been disabused of this idea, definite instructions have been laid down, care is taken to see that they are carried out, with the effect that the really useful portions of the traditional subjects are attended to and cared for. Much, as I said above, depends upon the supervision of the Deputy and Sub-Inspectors it the matter. If they will take the pains to study these subjects, and insist upon examining in them when they inspect, they will not be neglected. These officers are apt to affect a contempt for them ; but the fact is they find it a bit troublesome to learn them and examine in them.'' I am myself inclined to beliove that, now that attention has been directed to the defect, inspecting officers will insist upon a fair knowledge of the neglected subjects on the part of the gurus as well as of their pupils. 134. The malpractices that are occasionally detected in connection with the exanıination of patshalas at central gatherings led the Inspector of the Presidency Circle to instituto experimentally, at first in the Presidency Division, the examination of patshalas in situ for rewards. The result is eminently satisfactory, as the following extract from the Officiating Inspector's roport will show :-"An endeavour was made during the year under report to ensure, as far as practicable, the examination of primary schools for rewards in situ. This was done in accordance with certain recommendations of the Education Commission, which ran as follows :That indigenous schools receiving aid be inspected in situ, and as ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 51 PRIMARY EDUCATION. far as possible the examinations for their grants-in-aid be conducted in situ.' "That examinations by inspecting officers be conducted as far as possible in situ, and all primary schools receiving aid be invariably inspected in situ.' The subject was also discussed at the conference of Inspectors held at Darjeeling last year, the following resolution being recorded :- That the numbor of Sub- Inspectors be increased, and as they will under the new system be relieved of a great deal of office work, examination in situ for rewards be required, and inspection of stipendiary schools in situ be insisted upon I am glad to be able to report that under the auspices of Mr. C. C. Stevuus, late Magistrate of the 24-Pergunnahs, the district educational committee adopted the system of examinations in situ for rewards for all the subdivisions except Diamond Harbour. The Deputy Inspector, 24-Pergunnahs, states that the experiment has proved so successful as to lead him to hope that its extension to Diamond Harbour will prove equally efficacious. Similar success has attended the introduction of examinations in situ into the district of Khulna. In Moorshedabad also an effort was made to conduct tho examinations in situ, but its extent is not clearly defined. I should montion here that the average number of schools under a Sub-Inspector is highest in Khulna (239), and that the averages for Nuddea, Jersoro, and Mootshedabad were 137, 203, and 165 respectively, The 24-Pergunnahs average was 191. It is clear therefore that, if the inspecting staff of the other districts be required to work as mothodically as those of Khulna and the 24-Pergunnahs, a system of examinations in situ can without difficulty be carried out in the Presidency Division. A small increase to the number of Sub-Inspectors will, however, be necessary. The advantages of inspection in situ are too well known to require detailed notice here. It will, among other things, enable the department" to fix the responsibility of the correctness of school returns, and put an effectual stop to bogus pathsalas. The system possesses the undoubted merit of making tho Sub-Inspector entirely responsible for the absolute correctness of the statistics submitted by him, instead of throwing the responsibility on the chief gurus and inspocting pundits, who bring pathsalas together for examination at central gatherings held by the Sub-Inspector or by a local committee. 135. The system of simultaneous examination of all the patshalas of a district on the same day, which was introduced about two years ago in some of the districts, is still in operation. Whatever may be its valuo as a means of testing the comparativo efficiency of schols examined by independent non-professional bodies at widely separatod centres, it is believed to have had the effect of sensibly reducing the number of doubtful pathsalas in the districts of the Chittagong Division. In Jessore, the examination was held for the first time simultaneously at 75 centres, by means of printed questions, by local committees appointed by the Magistrate on the nomination of the Sub-Inspectors. It is stated that difficulties were experienced in forming the sub-conimittoos, and also in ensuring fairness in the work. The Deputy Inspector points out that at some contres the committees admitted boys from secondary schools to compete for rewards, so that those who had read such advanced prose readers as Sitarbanabas in Bengali , or Royal Reader No. III in English, goometry, and so forth, were actually cxamined in Bodhodoy and the simple rules of arithmetic and subhankari. It appears that a fow of these candidates were subsequently eliminated from the examination returns. As pointed out last year, local committees are extremely useful in assisting the departmental examinor; but their independent action is at times open to objection, and their awards do not always command the complete confidenco of the public. 136. Different systems for the transmission of rewards or stipends to the teachors of primary schools were in operation in the several divisions and districts during the year under report. The Officiating Inspector of the Presidency Circle states that in the 24-Pergunnahs, while the stipendiary gurus were gonerally paid on the spot by the Sub-Inspectors, in accordance with previous practico, money rewards earned by gurus on the result of examinations were transmitted to them by means of postul monoy-orders, the commission being paid from the primary grant. In Nuddea all payments were pade to the gurus tlırough the agency of the Sub-Inspectors as iú previous years. The Jessore authorities forwarded the money to each examination centre through the subdivisional and the police officers, and it was only in the case of gurus not being present at G 2 ·52 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR PRIMARY EDUCATION, the gurus. a centre on the date of payment, that the system of paying by money order was adopted. In Khulna the payments were all made by money-orders, tho gurus paying the commission charged on the orders. The Deputy Inspector of Moorshedabad does not report any change of system, and the old plan of paying through the Sub-Inspectors appears to be in full force in that district. It is hoped that during the current year the systom of paying through the post office will become more general, its advantages far outweighing its disadvantages." 137. The Inspector of the Western Circle thus describes the system prevalent in the Burdwan Division :-“The system followed in making payments to gurus (stipendiary and rowarded) is the same in almost all the districts in tho division, as in previous years. The Sub-Inspectors draw the stipend bills every two or three months, which are examined by the Doputy Inspectors, and passed for payment by the District Magistrates. The Sub-Inspectors distributo the money to the gurus, either with or without the help of the polico. The amount of rewards to the gurus is paid annually by the Sub- Inspectors, who are required to submit to the Magistrate's office the receipts of In some of the districts, the gurus assemble on a fixed day at the sudder station or at subdivisional headquarters, and are paid in the presence of the Magistrates or subdivisional officers. This system of payment has lately bcon changed in one district only, viz., IIooghly. In accordance with the recommendation of the Educational Conference held at Darjeeling in Juni last, the postal money-order system has becu introduced in this district, and the arrangement has proved satisfactory alike to the Sub-Inspectors and gurus. The commission charged by the Postul Department is deducted from tho amount of reward earned by the gurus. It would have been much better, if the charge had been met out of the district primary allotment." I fully endorso the Inspector's view. 138. The system of payment by money-orders appears to be generally followed in the divisions of Dacca and Chittagong, but it is not clear low pay. ments are made in Behar. In Chota Nagpuro all sums due to primary schoolmasters are paid through the Sub-Inspectors of Schools. In the first instance, the Deputy Inspector sends down the amounts from head-quarters through the police in sealed bags to the several thanas, whence the Sub-Inspector of Schools receives them and inakes payments to the teachers. This system of payment has several disadvantages. But thore is one point of view from which it is particulurly objectionable. Irregularity in rho payment of teachers' stipends is al matter which is specially taken notice of by the district officers, and such Sub-Inspectors as are found guilty of it incur the severe displeasuro of those officers. It accordingly happens that our Sub- Inspectors of Schools look upon the payment of primary money due to teachers as a more responsiblo duty than the inspection of schools. The Assistant Inspector looks upon the introduction of the system of payment by money-orders as an effective remedy for these ovils. le doubts, however, whether Singbhoom will be able to benefit by the change, as it has large tracts where there is no postal comunication whatever. The subject is not noticed in the divisional report of Orissa. I am vf opinion that payments through the inedium of the post office will render Sub-Iuspectors less liable to charges of embezzlement than heretofore, though the duty of issuing the money-orders will add periodically to the office work of the Deputy Inspectors. 139. An analysis of the amounts expended in the different districts on prizehooks required for distribution among meritorious students of primary schools shows that striking differences exist as to the proportion of the district allotment devoted to this purpose. While the district of Mozufferpore spent on prize-books no less than 22:3 per cont. of its allotment, Sarun 15.4 per cent., Singbhoom 15.1 per cent., the Sonthal Pergunnahs 14.7 per cent., Bhagulpore 10.9 per cent., Patna 10:8 per cent., and the 24-Pergunnahs 10:3 per cent., the returns show that the amounts expended in somo of the other districts were merely trifling, ranging from 1 to 8 per cent., and the item is not entered at all in the returns of Purnealı , Pooroe, Ilazaribagh and Lohardugya. It may be assumed that in these districts the old system of cash payments to pupils is still in force, or that the arrangements for obtaining supplies of prize.books ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 53 PIIMARY EDUCATION are not yet completed. These prizes are recognised as a powerful means of evoking competition among pathsala pupils, and should, in my opinion, be awarded on some definite principle. I believe they should in no district form a charge of less than 5 or more than 10 per cont. on the primary grant of the district. 140. With regard to the infrequency of the visits of Sub-Inspectors to lower primary schools in certain districts, I am compelled to record the opinion that so long as every patshala is not visited by an officer of the rank of Sub. Inspector, its existence cannot be vouched for with any degree of confidence. Chief gurus and inspecting pundits are persons directly interested in inflating the returns, and it is the imperative duty of the Sub-Inspector to verify tho accuracy of the lists of schools received from their inferior agents by actual inspection of them in situ. When it is found that in some districts a Sub- Inspector can visit between 400 and 850 lower primaries per annum, there is no reason why in others, with similar advantages as to roads and means of travelling, the number of visits to lower primaries should vary from 100 to 150. In the district of Mymensingh, which has 3,982 lower primaries for boys, earl Sub-Inspector visited between 106 and 151 lower primaries only. Had oach of the five officers visited even 500 schools, the department would have been able to say that at least 2,500 patshalas were known to exist in the district on the report of a Suh-Inspector of Schools. The same remark applies more or Jess strongly to the work of Sub-Inspectors in the other districts of the Daccu Division and also to the districts of the Chittagong Division. A strong effort should be made in these Divisions to raise the average standard of inspection : work to the level of the Burdwan Division. Payment of money to p rsons produced at patshala gatherings as gurus without satisfactory proof that they are bona fide teachers is a hazardous gaic, and I am not at all satisfied with this mode of expending public money. Baboo Bhudeb Mookherjee, C.).E., when introducing in 1876 the chief guru system into Behar, insisted in a letter to the Commissioners of the Patna and Bhagulpore Divisions that the Deputy Inspector should, on the receipt of annual returns of unaided patshalas from chief gurus, instruct his Sul)-Inspectors to visit them and pay their gurus the promised reward of one rupee each. The neglect of this precaution is, no doubt, one of the causes of the unsatisfactory character of some of the statistics collected. 141. Mr. Croft pointed out in the last report that the registration of indigenous pathsalas had been overdone in somo of the districts, and that many so-called schools of a purely temporary character, with four or five pupils each, were rightly excluded from the returns. The samo process of exclusion is still going on in the Chittagong Division, in Miduapore, in parts of Bohur, and clsewhere. The opinion expressed last year, that we should confine our attention and our efforts to the moro promising schools, and specially to those of the upper primary class, finds an echo in some of the district reports. The weakest patslialas, such as they are, fulfil no important educational function, and are called into existence, not by the local community, but by sone neody person who combines with other ill-paid occupations that of a pathsala guru. It has been shown elsewhere that the Government subsidy to tho rewarded lower primaries is too small (Rs. 9 per annum) to affect them ono way or the other. The question for consideration is whether the rewards paid from the primary grant stimulate the activity of the teachers and induce them to work more methodically and regularly than before; but on this point the evidence is not quite conclusive. Our main reliance must therofore be on the upper primary schools and the superior lower primaries, which regularly prepare pupils for the scholarship examinations. The improvement of these schools will fully occupy the tiine of our inspecting staff. 142. Mr. A. W. Paul, Magistrate of the 21-Pergunnals, points out the desirability of applying the grant-in-aid fund exclusively to the encouragement of socondary education by placing primary schools hitherto aided from that fund on the list of primary fund schools as far as possible. Mr. Bellett, Inspector of Rajshahye, states in his report that in the course of the current year prinary schools in his circle will cease to be paid from the grant-in-aid fund. l'he necessity of this measure is the moro urgent now that the district boards, shortly to come into existence, will be charged with the administration of primary education in their respective jurisdictions, the primary grant being ·54 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR PRIMARY BDUCATION. placed entirely at their disposal. It has been stated already that a sum of Rs. 61,018 is spent on primary schools from the grant-in-aid fund, but of this amount, Rs. 44,939 represents the expenditure in girls' schools, which cannot be dealt with in a summary way, and Rs. 16,079 only are spent op schools for boys. This sum should, however, at once be set free, by the transfer of the schools concerned to the primary list. 143. Some of the reports deal with night schools for the education of the labouring poor, but these schools require to be closely looked after. Mr. C. C. Stevens, Commissioner of Chota Nagporo, is of opinion that where they are genuine they do much good; but his experience is that thoy are too often mere contrivances to give extra pay to some master of a neighbouring day school. This he rightly considers a thoroughly mischievous practice, since it either happens that the master attempts to work day and night without being able to do justice to either school, or the night school is more or less of a fiction. They should, he adds, be aided where they are genuine and really necessary for the instruction of pupils, who cannot attend school in the daytime. The following paragraphs furnish the usual detailed statistics of primary education in cach division and district :- 144. Calcutta.- Population, excluding the suburbs and the shipping, 405,000; primary grant raised from Rs. 4,000 to Rs. 6,000, in addition to Rs. 1,278 paid from the grant-in-aid fund, making a total of Rs. 7,278; expenditure ks. 6,522, of which Rs. 4,203 were spent on 104 lower primaries for boys, Rs. 1,183 on 43 lowor primaries for girls, Rs. 552 on two inspecting pandits, Rs. 300 on prizes to girls, Rs. 200 on rewards to maktabs and other indigenous schools, and Rs. 84 on contingencies. There were two upper primaries for boys and 120 upper primaries for girls aided from the grant-in-aid fund, so that the total number of aided upper primaries was 122 with 3,024 pupils. These grant-in-aid upper primaries are all under missionary management. The expenditure on them was Rs. 74,156, of which Rs 20,248 were paid from provincial revenues. There were also two unaided upper primaries with 93 pupils, ono for boys and one for girls. The aided lower primaries rose froin 97 to 147, and their pupils from 4,950 to 6,775. Of these, 101 with 5,6633 pupils were boys' schools and 43 with 1,112 pupils were girls' schools. The girls' schools were all started during the year. The expenditure on these 147 schools was Rs. 19,671, of which Rs. 5,386 were contributed by Government. The unaided schools declined from 9 to 5, and their pupils from 318 to 152. The decrease is due to the transfer of certain schools from tho unaided to the aided list. In July last, when the primary grant of Rs. 4,000 was raised to Rs. 0,000, Mr. Clarko, with the concurrence of tho Director of Public Instruction, introdured a system of capitation grants for providing clementary education for girls under the gurus of the existing primary schools. The system consists in paying each guru who has opened a girls' class in connection with his pathsala, or opened an independent girls' school, at the rate of four annas per girl under instruction up to 40 girls, The conditions under which the grants are to be paid aro--(1) that no girl less than five years of age shall be considered a bond file scholar; (2) that no guru teaching less than four girls shall be entitled to a grant; (3) that payments shall be made according to the actual number of girls found present ou the date of inspection; and (4) that the maximuin grant which a teacher may earn shall not exceed Rs. 10 a month. Under this system 43 girls' schools and 34 attached girls' classes, giving instruction to 1,497 girls, were opened during the year. There being no lower primary scholarships for Calcuttu, the putlısalas do not attempt to attain the standard fixed for the scholarship exanination. There was a proposal to create ten primary scholarships at an annual cost of Rs. 480, but it has not received sanction as yet. In order to raise the standard of teaching in the pathsalas, it is in contemplation to introduce the system of payment by results. As the work in comection with primary education is day by day increasing, the appointinent of a Sub-Inspector is deemed absolutely necessary. 145. Presidency Division.-Of the boys of school-going ago, one in 3.4 is at school. Primary schools aclvanced from 4.379 to 4,511 and their pupils from 1:39,077 to 132,101. The upper primaries mumbered 410 with 15,831 pupils against 370 with 15,273 pupils in the preceding year. The lower primaries wero 4,101 with 115,270, against 4,009 with 114,805 pupils. Upper primaries ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION, 55 PRIMARY EDUCATIOX. increased in all the districts except Nuddea, which showed a small decline. Lower primaries increased in Khulna and Moorshedabad and declined in the 24-Pergunnahs, Nuddea, and Jessore. It is interesting to note that, while the attendance in the 24-Pergunnahs rose from 33 to 33.8 per pathsala, there was a decrease in Nuddea from 27 to 28.6 and in Jessore from 27 to 26.5. Khulna is nearly stationary with 26, and Moorshedabad shows an increase from 26 to 26.8. The system of payment by results is in force throughout the division; but almost all the successful upper primary schools roceive fixed monthly stipends. Of the lower primaries, while only 9 receive stipends in the 24-Pergunnahs, there are 38 stipendiaries in Nuddea, 58 in Jessore, 30 in Khulna, and 39 in Moorshedabad. The most notable event in the history of primary education in the division was the assembling of pathsalas at the Ranaghat railway station under the orders of His Excellency the late Viceroy. There were 38 primary schools present, attended by 850 pupils, all belonging to the Ranaghat subdivision. Lord Ripon heard the pupils recite the multiplication table, and answer questions in mental arithmetic and subhankari, and also saw the different specimens of writing on palm leaf, plantain leaf, and paper. . His Lordship expressed his satisfaction with what he saw and heard, and urged the necessity of clovating the standard of pathsala cducation. Ranaghat also had the good fortune of being visited by His Honor the Licu. tenant-Governor, who not only inaugurated the public library known as the Rivers Thompson Hall, and saw a gathering of pathsalas, but also inspected the local High English school and the girls' schools. In the 24-Pergunnahs, Khulna, and Moorshedabad an attempt was made to examine each pathsala in situ for rewards, and the oxperiment is reported to have answered admirably. 146. 24-Pergunnahs.- Population, including the suburbs of Calcutta, 1,869,859; primary grant increased from Rs. 20,000 to Rs. 25,000; expenditure, Rs. 24,794. Of this sum, Rs. 2,989 were spent on 56 upper primary schools and Rs. 382 on 18 girls' schools. There were 57 upper primaries aided from the circle grant, 19 from the grant-in-aid allotment, and 4 from municipal funds, so that the total number of aided upper primaries was 140 with 6,267 pupils, against 131 with 5,944 pupils in the preceding year. There were also 4 unaided upper primaries with 279 pupils, against 8 with 463 pupils in the preceding year. There were 4 khas mehal upper primary schools with 170 pupils. The number of aided lower primaries declined from 1,345 to 1,175 and the pupils from 41,289 to 39,699. Of these, 14 were aided from the grantin-aid allotment, 56 from municipal funds, and 11 from the khas muchal grant. The number of unaided lower primaries rose from 2 to 162. With regard to the diminution in the number of aided lower primary schools, the Deputy Inspector of the 24-Pergunnahs gives the following explanation :--" The aided schools show a decrease by 170. It should be remembered that last year the number of such schools rose to such a high figure as 1,345, simply because 184 indigenous schools (which were allowed 8 annas each for registration) were included in the list as aided schools. But in the year under review the pructice of rewarding schools that way was discontinued, and schools that did not send pupils to the pass examinations for rewards received nothing from Government in any shape. The unaided schools therefore again swelled up in numbers. It will be found on summing up the total of all classes of lower primary schools for boys that we have lost on the whole 11 schools with 1,139 scholars. The loss, it is believed, is due, as has been explained before, to food grains huving become dearer, and to a more strict application of the rules for giving rewards." The Sub-Inspectors paid 2,378 visits in situ to tho lower primaries, against 2,208 in the previous year. Of the boys of school-going age, one in 2-3 is at school. The number of schools competing for rewards decreased trom 1,160 to 1,146, but that of candidates rose from 21,233 to 23,843 : 4,064 passed by the second standard and 16,625 by the lower standard. All the lower primary schools were examined in situ except those of the Diamond Harbour subdivisiou and a few schools in the Basirhat subdivision. There were 46 stipendiary patshalas, one of which was a middle vernacular school, 43 upper primary, and 2 lower primary schools. The Doputy Inspector notices the following changes with regard to the payment of the gurus :-—"The stipendiary gurus were paid on the spot by the Sub-Inspectors as usual, generally after inspection of their schools, and sometimes at other ·50 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR PRIMARY EDUCATION, ; places, according as it suited them or the Sub-Inspectors. The old practice of paying the rewards of the gurus was as follows:-The Sub-Inspectors had to draw bills for the rewards determined upon the results of the pass examination, and after these were passed by the Magistrate and cashed, they had to tuke the money with them to central places in their circles where the gurus had been ordered to attend, and make payments after taking the annual returns from them. But during the year under report all such payments were made from my office by means of postal money-orders, the acknowledgments received from tho post offico serving as vouchers of payments. This method of payment involv. ed much additional office work, which it is our object to reduce; but I must confess that the advantage attending the system, viz. that it saves the Sub- Inspectors from risk and temptation, niore than counterbalances the disadvantages. Another year's trinl will enable me to pronounce more accurately on its merits and domerits." At the lower primary scholarship examination, the number of competing schools was 150 against 165 in the previous year. Of 410 candidates, 141 passed, against 112 out of 413 in the year before. Two hundred and fifty-eight aided schools with 10,280 pupils were returned as having attained the standard of the lower primary scholarship examination, and 1,076 schools with 32,919 pupils as bolow that standard but using printed books. The municipalities spent Rs. 13,121 on education (against Rs. 11,855), of which Rs. 4,212 were spent on high schools, Rs. 3,465 on middle schools, Rs. 4,506 on primary schools (including those for girls), Rs. 341 on inspoction, Rs. 363 on scholarships, and Rs. 174 on school furnituro. The Magistrate, Mr. Paul, is of opinion that tho system of aiding a few primary schools from the grant-in-nid fund should cease, 147. Nuddeu. - Population 1,655,721 ; primary grant Rs. 16,000, as in the preceding year. The expenditure was Rs. 15,990: Rs. 2,769 were spent on 51 upper primary schools, Rs. 2,845 on 109 girls' schools, Rs. 20 on stipends to girls, and Rs. 76 on pathsala sheds. The aided upper primarios wore 62 with 2,459 pupils against 66 with 2,550 pupils in the previous year. Of thesc, 4 were grant-in-aid schools, 6 circle schools, and 1 a khas mehal school. There were no unaided upper primary schools. The aided lower primaries were 538 with 14,350 pupils, against 509 schools with 14,403 pupils in the previous year. There was no unaided lower primary school. The Deputy Inspector tlius accounts for the decrease in the number of primary schools in the district. "Many of the primary schools died out on the establishment of secondary schools in their vicinity. Another cause which has told on the number of primary schools is tho failure of crops for the last two years successively. This, together with the malurious fever prevalent in the district, will explain why Nuddea is so poorly off in respect of primary schools and school attend. ance. A further causo is found in the fact that about the end of 1883-84 the district authorities tried to introduce the stipendiary system on an extensive scale in order to establish new pathsulas in backward localities. This system was continued for some months, and new schools sprang up at the close of the yoar to add to the bulk of the district returns. But when the yoar 1884-85 was far advanced, it was discovered, though too late, that the primary fund was too low to admit of stipends being paid as had before been done. The Sub-Inspectors therefore had to withdraw the stipends gradually, and the patlısalas which lad sprung up liko mushrooms died out in the middle of the year. It would therefore he fairer to compare the year with 1882-83, when there were 426 schools with 14,699 pupils, exclusive of Bongong. The Magistrate, Mr. J. A. IIopkins, thus comments on this portion of the Deputy Inspector's report :- I am afraid this about rightly depicts the effect of an indiscriminato application of the monthly payment system. To test the stability of some of these schools, which are still in existence, it would not be a bad plan to withdraw the stipends in populous peighbourhoods." The Deputy Inspector further remarks that there was an increase of pupils in the lower primary schools in Meherpure, and that Ranaghat stands lowest in the list in this respect, though elsewhere he has said that lanaghat is the most advanced subdivision in the district, judging hy the ratio of pupils under iustruction to the total population of that subdivision. The Sub-Inspectors paid 1,731 visits in situ to the lower primary schools. Of the boys of school-going uge, 1 in 6:6 is at school. Stipendiary schools numbered 84 against 139. >> ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 57 PBNUARY EDUCATION. At the lower primary scholarship examination, the number of competing schools was 129 against 156; of candidates 381 against 453, and of successful pupila 269 against 178 in the preceding year. The examination for rewards was held twice in the year,, viz. in June 1884 and February 1885. The number of examination centres was 122, against 56 in the previous year. At the central examinations 5,559 pupils from 429 schools were examined. Of these 607 passed by the second, and 3,288 by the first or lower standard. Two hundred and three schools with 6,565 pupils were returned as having attained the lower primary scholarship standard, and 322 schools with 7,720 pupils as having been below that standard, but using printed books. The amount spent by municipalities on education in the district was Rs. 5,633, against Rs. 2,855 in the preceding year, viz. Rs. 2,914 on secondary schools, Rs. 419 on primary schools, and Rs. 2,300 on buildings. 148. Jessore.- Population 1,939,375; primary grant raised from Rs. 18,000 to Rs. 19,077 ; total expenditure Rs. 19,069. Of this sum Rs. 599 were spent on 12 middle schools, Rs. 3,619 on 77 upper primary schools, and Rs. 1,376 on 71 girls' schools. The aided upper primaries numbered 94 with 3,576 pupils, against 68 with 2,637 pupils. Of these, 9 were grant-in-aid and 8 circle grant schools. There was 1 unaided school with 17 pupils, against 3 schools with 71 pupils in the preceding year. The aided lower primaries were 830 with 22,010 pupils, against 870 with 23,652 pupils. Two of these were circle schools. Unaided schools numbered 103 with 2,158 pupils, against 74 with 1,650 pupils in the previous year. The aided upper primary schools rose from 68 to 94, showing an increase of 26 schools, while there was a net loss of 40 aided lower primary schools and of 1,642 pupils. The Deputy Inspector points out that some of the lower primary schools were pushed up to the upper primary standard; but there is no satisfactory explanation of the loss of the remaining schools. T'he Sub-Inspectors paid 1,669 visits in situ to the lower primary schools. Of the boys of school-going age, 1 in 3.5 was at school. The reward examinations were held at 75 centres. The number of schools competing for rewards fell froin 811 to 784, and that of candidates from 8,583 to 7,890. The number of stipendiary boys' schools in the district was 125. Of tho pupils presented for examination, 2,629 passed by the first or lower standard and 2,621 by the second standard. At the last lower primary scholarship examination, 215 schools competed of which 86 were successful. Of 667 candidates 154 passed. The return shows that 215 schools with 6,830 pupils have attained the lower primary scholarship standard, ,714 with 17,237 pupils are below that standard but use printed books, and there are four schools with 101 pupils in which printed books are not read. The amount spent by municipalities on education was Rs. 426, of which Rs 96 were spent on high schools, Rs. 240 on middle English schools for boys, Rs. 60 on middle schools for girls, and Rs. 30 on lower primary schools for boys. The Deputy Inspector complains that it was possible under the rules he found in force to recognizo pathsalas not visited by Sub- Inspectors, but he has taken steps to remove this sourco of error. 149. Khulna.- Population 1,079,948; primary grant raised from Rs. 13,000 to Rs. 15,000, of which Rs 14,176 were spent during the year. Of this sum Rs. 423 were spent on 9 middle, Rs. 2,395 on 64 upper primary, and Rs. 810 on 26 girls' schools. The aided upper primaries were 71 with 2,588 pupils, against 62 with 2,388 pupils. Of these four were grant-in-aid and 13 circle grant schools. There were no unaided schools. The aided lower primaries were 709 with 18,410 pupils, against 711 with 18,736 in the preceding ycar. Of these 9 were grant-in-aid and seven khas mehal grant schools. The unaided schools were 73 with 1,630 pupils. The stipendiary schools numbered 82. The Sub-Inspectors paid 1,162 visits in situ to lower primary schools. Of the boys of school.going age 1 in 3.3 is at school. The number of gatherings beld for the examination of pathsalas was 40, in which 191 schools with 2,514 pupils were examined. In the reward examinations 687 schools were examined, of which 686 were successful. Of 8,050 pupils presented for examination, 5,384 passed by the first or lower standard and 1,132 by the second standard. The number of chief gurus in the district was 52, and they paid 6,529 visits to pathsalas. The amount earned by them for inspection work was Rs. 397. At the lower primary scholarship examination 335 candidates ·58 RIPORT OF THE DIRECTOR PRIMARY EDUCATIOX. were sent up from 100 schools, and 115 candidates from 60 schools were successful. The Deputy Inspector has returned 218 schools with 6,636 pupils as having attained the standard of the lower primary scholarship examination, 547 schools with 13,192, pripile as below that standard but using printed books, and 16 schools with 213 pupils as using no printed books. The amount spent by municipalities on education was Rs. 803, of which Rs. 14 were spent on high schools, Rs. 297 on middle English, Rs. 144 on middle vernacular, Rs. 240 on upper primary for boys, Rs. 48 on lower primary for boys, and Rs. 60 on upper primary schools for girls. The amount of reward earned by the gurus was Rs. 7,357. Prize books costing Rs. 650 were distributed among the pupils. 150. Moorshedabad. - Population 1,226,790; primary grant Rs. 12,000; expenditure Rs. 12,161 inclusive of contributions from khas mehats, of which Rs. 775 were spent on 12 middle, Rs. 1,708 on 36 upper primary, and Ra. 425 on 26 girls' schools. The aided upper primaries were 38 with 1,645 pupils, against 30 with 1,173 pupils. There was no unaided upper primary school. The aided lower primaries were 463 with 12,417 pupils against 358 with 9,738 pupils in the preceding year. There were 48° unaided schools with 1,034 pupils. The stipendiary schools were 74. The Sub-Inspectors paid 1,284 visits to lower primary schools in situ. Of the boys of school-going age one in 4.5 is at school. At the reward examinations 9,550 pupils from 469 schools appeared. All the schools were successful. Of the successful candidates 3,567 passed by the first or lower standard, 1,850 by the second, and 1,679 by the third standard. At the lower primary scholarship examination 421 candidates appeared from 143 schools,and 221 passed from 106 schools. The Deputy Inspector has returned 194 schools with 6,339 pupils as having attained the standard of the lower primary scholarship examination, 314 schools with 7,044 pupils as below that standard but using printed books, ard 3 schools with 58 pupils as using no printed books. The amount spent by municipalities on education was Rs. 4,142, of which Rs. 540 were spent on high English, Rs. 120 on middle English, Rs. 756 on middle vernacular schools, Rs. 57 on upper primaries for Rs. 782 on lower primarios for boys, Rs. 525 on lower primaries for girls, Rs. 1,162 on buildings, Rs. 150 on furniture and apparatus, and Rs. 50 on prize books and registration of pathsalas Rewards to gurus amounted to Rs. 9,528. 151. BURDWAN DIVISION.-Of the boys of school-going age, 1 in 2.1 is at school. Primary schools for boys havo advanced from 9,885 to 10,019, and their pupils from 213,810 to 220,459. The upper primaries have risen from 518 to 587, and their pupils from 18,267 to 20,846. All the districts have con. tributed more or less to this increase. Lower primaries have risen from 9,367 to 9,432, and their pupils from 195,543 to 199,613. The increase would have been considerable had not Midnapore lost 169 schools and 4,909 pupils, and Howrah 46 schools and 1,250 pupils. Bankoora has partly recovered the loss, it sustained in the previous year, by the addition of 267 schools and 4,656 scholars. Beerbhoom has added to its list 88 schools and 2,404 students, and Hooghly and Burdwan, respectively, 1,860 and 1,389 pupils ; but the former has lost 29, and the latter 46 schools. The small decrease in the number of schools in the districts of Hooghly and Burdwan has been owing to the ex. clusion of weak and ephemeral pathsalas from the returns. The apparent loss of 46 schools in Howrah is only a case of the transfer of ubaided schools to the list of indigenous schools. Tho Deputy Inspector of Midnapore explains the decrease in his district as due to his refusal to admit to the reward examinations schools which did not work for six months during the year, or in which a register of attendance had not been regularly kept. The explanation offered by the Deputy Inspector is, in the opinion of the District Magistrate, Mr. Cornish, " neither sufficient nor quite intelligible, and it is certainly startling to find the decrease continued from one year to another.” The Deputy Inspector should have certainly taken measures to return under the head of unaided institutions those pathsalas which were precluded from sending candidates to the sub-centre esaminations. In the districts of Bankoora sad Midnapore, 35 inspecting pundits, on salaries varying from Rs. 18 to Rs. 20 a month, were appointed. In Bankoora 10 circle pundits, one for each thada, on Rs. 12 a month each, have also been entertained ; and primary schools, boys, ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION, 59 PRIMARY BDVOATION, attended largely by Mahomedans or by aboriginal tribes, have been subsidized by monthly stipends. In Howrah pathsalas situated in backward parts received monthly stipends of Re. 1 and Rs. 2; and similar steps were taken for opening pathsalas in outlying villages in Midnapore to ensure their stability. The system of payment-by-results was in operation in all the districts without any material change other than what has been indicated above. The average roll number in a lower primary school was 23, and the average daily attendance 17. The annual cost of maintaining a school was Rs. 10 to Government and Rs. 35 to the people ; each guru's income would, therefore, be less than Rs. 4 a month, if he had no other source of incoine.' But generally speaking, a guru receives payments in kind amounting to almost Rs. 2 a month; and this sum is generally left out of calculation. Assuming that the average receipt of a guru from all sources amounts to Rs. 6 a month, a seventh part of his income is contributed by Government. 152. Burdwan.--Population 1,391,823; primary grant raised from Ra. 21,000 to Rs. 25,033, expenditure Rs. 24,955, of which Rs. 307 were spent on 5 middle vernacular schools, Rs. 5,007 on 99 upper primaries, and Rs. 655 were paid for prize books. The upper primaries rose from 95 with 3,872 pupils to 99 with 4,203 pupils. The lower primaries were 1,453 with 38,138 pupils, against 1,499 with 36,749 pupils in the preceding year The Sub-Inspectors paid 2,165 visits to lower primaries in situ, and the chief gurus paid 12,677 visits also in situ. Of tho boys of school-going age, 1 in 2 is at school. The reward examinations were held at 158 centres, and 14,532 boys and 388 girls from 1,099 schools were examined ; 4,708 boys and 69 girls passed by the higher standard, and 5,626 boys and 120 girls by the lower. The rates of reward were Re. 1 and 8 annas rospectively for every boy passing by the higher or lower standard. The gurus also received rewards of Rs. 4, Rs. 3, and Rs. 2 for every boy passed in the first, second, and third divisions at the lower primary scholarship exanination. At the upper primary scholarship examination 394 pupils competed from 108 schools, against 322 and 91 respectively in the previous year; and 226 candidates passed against 260. At the lower primary scholarship examination 27,025 pupils from 610 schools competed, and 1,077 were successful Five middle schools, supported from the primary fund, passed 6 boys at the middle scholarship examination out of 14 sent up; 627 lower primaries with 19,524 pupils have attained the lower primary standard, and 826 schools with 18,614 pupils are below that standard, but teach prioted books. 153. Beerbhoom.- Population 794,428 ; primary grant raised from Rs. 9,000 to Rs. 10,003 ; expenditure Rs. 10,000, of which Rs. 15 were spent on one middle verpacular school, Rs. 2,430 on 58 upper primaries, Rs. 16 on maps, Rs. 117 as special grants to Sonthal schools, Rs. 48 on two lower primary scholarships, and Rs. 268 on prize books. The number of upper primaries, including two girls' schools, was 71 with 2,159 pupils, against 58 with 1,732 pupils returned in the previous year. Aided lower primaries numbered 669 with 15,709, against 573 with 13,161 pupils in the proceding year. The Sub-Inspectors paid 523 visits to the lower primaries in situ. Of the boys of school-going age, 1 in 2.9 is at school. "The reward examinations were held at 21 centres, at which 4,673 children attended from 652 schools, and 1,408 were successful. At the upper primary scholarship examination 88 candidates appeared from 42 schools, and 36 were successful. At the lower primary scholarship examination, 297 candidates appeared from 164 schools, and 211 passed. Of the total number of lower primaries, 354 with 9,545 pupils have attained the lower primary scholarship standard, and 322 with 8,312 pupils are below that standard, hut use printed books. 154. Bankoora.- Population 1,041,752; primary grant raised from Rs. 17,000 to Rs. 19,000 ; exponditure Rs. 18,654. Rs. 638 were spent on prize books, Rs. 155 on 4 middle schools, Rs. 3,858 on 91 upper primaries, Rs. 33 on special schools, Rs. 323 on 15 girls' schools, Rs. 193 on miscellaneous items, and Rs. 1,514 on 10 inspecting pundits. The upper primaries, including circle schools, were 93 with 2,171 pupils, against 63 with 1,493 pupils in the previous year. The aided lower primaries rose to 1,341 with 28,017 papile from 1,120 with 24,013 pupils. The Sub-Inspectors paid 1,343 visits to the lower primaries, and the inspecting pundits 3,081 visits. Of the boys H2 ;

·60 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR PRIMARY EDUOAMOX of school-going age, one in 2-3 was at school. To the reward examinations 764 schools sent 5,266 candidates. Of these, 1,805 candidates from 780 schools were successful. Five hundred and two schools sent 7,480 pupils to the central examinations. Of these, 1,482 pupils from 421 schools were successful. At the upper primary scholarship examination, 386 pupils representing 89 schools competed with success. At the lower primary scholarship examination, 1,140 candidates appeared from 344 schools, and 530 passed. Of the 1,397 aided and unaided lower primary schools, 394 with 11,319 pupils have attained the lower primary scholarship standard and 1,003 with 17,408 pupils are below that standard, but teach printed books. 155. Hooghly.- Population, 1,015,005; primary grant raised from Rs. 15,000 to Rs. 20,000, exclusive of Rs. 2,341 paid from the Government khas mohals ; cxpenditure Rs. 21,201, of which Rs. 8,669 were spent on 80 upper primaries, Rs. 1,148 on chief gurus, Rs. 685 on prize books, Rs 64 on maps, Rs. 25 on buildings, and Rs. 200 as remuneration to examiners at the lower primary scholarship examination. Aided upper primaries were 98 with 3,888 pupils, against 97 with 3,665 pupils in the previous year. Aided lower primaries numbered 1,177 with 27,561 pupils, against 1,448 with 28,118 pupils in the preceding yoar. Unaided primaries rose from 9 with 94 pupils to 251 with 2,531 pupils. The Sub-Inspectors and the education clork puid 1,761 visits to schools in situ, and the chief gurus paid 12,118 visits to schools also in situ. Of the boys of school-going age, one in 1:7 is at school. At the reward examinations held at 52 centres, 10,289 pupils competod from 1,165 schools, and 2,910 pupils were successful. At the upper primary scholarship examination 196 candidates appeared from 97 schools, and 95 were successful. Three hundred and thirty-one schools sent 1,035 candidates to the lowor primary scholarship examination, and of these 512 passod. Of tho 1,428 nided and unaided lower primaries, 486 havo reached the primary scholarship standard. In the remaining 942 printed books are used. 156. Howrah. - Population 635,381 ; primary grant raised from Rs. 8,000 to Rs. 12.059; expenditure Rs. 12,058, of which Rs 2,429 were expended on 43 upper primaries, Rs. 405 on school-houses, and Rs 302 on maps. Upper primaries numbered 43 with 2,075 pupils, against 36 with 1,729 pupils in the preceding yoar. Tho lowor primaries were 584 with 17,500 pupils, against 620 with 18,750 pupils. The Sub-Inspectors visited 552 lower priniaries in situ. Of the boys of school-going age, 1 in 1.8 is at school At the reward exaininations, which were held at 25 centres, 5,533 children were oxamined, and 3,347 were successful. The rates of reward to the gurus wery Rs. 2 and Re. 1.4 for every boy passing by the higher, and Re. 1 for every boy passing by tho lower standard. The gurus also received rewards of Rs. 2 for every boy passed at the lower primary scholarship examination. The rate was doubled in the case of girls. Twenty-six schools sent 54 candidates to compete at the upper primary scholarship examination, and 34 passed. To the lower primary scholarship examination 204 schools sent 582 candidates, of whom 305 were succossful. Two hundred and four schools with 7,548 pupils have attained the scholarship standard, and 380 schools with 9,952 pupils are below that standard, but uso printed books. 157. Midnapore. - Population 2,517,802 ; primary grant raisod from Rs. 33,000 to Rs. 40,100, inclusive of Rs. 6,100 contributed from the Estates' Improvement Fund; expenditure Rs. 39,562, of which Ra. 0,853 were spent on 161 upper primary schools. The upper primary schools were 182 with 6,229 pupils, against 162 with 5,773 pupils in the previous year. Aided lower primaries were 3,539 with 63,915 pupils, against 3,851 with 71,038 pupils in the year before.' Unaided schools numbered 355 with 5,354 pupils, against 212 with 3,170 pupils in the preceding year. The Sub-Inspectors paid 4,345 visits to lower primaries in situ. Of the boys of school-going age, 1 in 2:3 is at school. At the reward cxaminations 39,429 boys appeared from 3,528 schools, of whom 1,186 passed by the fourth or highest standard, 3,499 by the third standard, 6,956 boys by the second standard, and 10,227 boys by the first or lowest standard. To the upper primary scholarship examination 156 schools sent 414 candidates, of whom 216 were successful. To the lower primary scholarship examination 574 schools sont 2,066 candidatos, and 1,080 passed. Of the 3,594 lower primaries, 667 are up to the primary scholarship standard, ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 61 PRIMARY EDUOATION and the others 13,227) are below that standard, but use printed books. Mr. Cornish, the District Magistrate, writes:-"The most noticeable feature in our annual returns seems to be the falling off in the number of schools and scholars in the lower primary class. Tho explanation offered by the Deputy Inspector appears neither sufficient nor quite intelligible, and it is certainly startling to find the decrease continued from one year to another. As far as I understand the Deputy Inspector, he holds that the transfer of a few wealthy men's sons from a pathsala to a newly-established higher school ruins the guru, and forces him to close his pathsala I would hope, however, that the decrease is nominal rather than real, and is the result not of the closure of real pathsalas, but of the exclusion of bogus schools from our statistics. It is quite possible that strioter enquiries may reduce the figure in our returns still more, though the schools actually at work and deserving of the name may remain the same or even increase. 158. RAJSHAHYE DIVISION.-Of the boys of school-going age, 1 in 8.1 is at school. Primary schools for boys rose from 3,319 with 79,974 pupils to 3,393 with 81,769 pupils, upper primaries advanced from 228 with 7,915 pupils to 281 'with 9,550 pupils, and lower primaries from 3,091 with 72,059 pupils to 3,112 with 72.219. The Inspector finds that there is a tendency to the multiplication of stipendiary schools in somo of the districts, especially Dinageporo and Julpigoree, but the system of payment-by-results is now in operation more or less in every district of the division except Darjeeling, the circumstances of which are peculiar. 159. Dinagepore.- Population 1,514,346; primary grant Rs. 15,000; expenditure Rs. 12,714, of which Rs. 924 wore spent on 17 upper primary and 4 girls' schools, and Rs. 1,422 on two Sub-Inspectory. The upper primary schools were 18 with 553 pupils against 17 with 499 in the year before. The lower primaries numbered 597 with 13,9:46 pupils against 545 with 12,777 pupils. The Sub-Inspectors paid 2,313 visits in situ to the lower primaries. Of the boys of school-going ago 1 in 8.3 is at school. The Magistrate, Mr. H. S. Beadon, remarks: "No doubt the people of this district are of low caste and lower surroundings than in some other parts of Bongal, but it must not be forgotten that they are the descendants of a rich, prosperous, and civilized population who occupicd the land in the days of the Pal and Sen Rajas. It seems to me that the chief reason that education makes but slow progress, is the fact that, with the exception of some 12 zemindars, every zemindar in the district is deeply in debt, or an absentec. The leading men are themselves ignorant, and as a consequence there is a want of enthusiasm for learning among the people. It is manifestly impossible to expect Bengali education to spread in such a district without a competent staff of teachers, who, besides knowing the language they have to teach, know the patris which, it is to supersede. Then, too, we must have men who can give their whole attention to education. At present the teachers for the most part are gomastas, or even small tenure-holders, who may find leisure to instruct, but have nothing in the way of knowledge to impart." At the upper primary scholarship examination 31 candidates appeared from 13 schools, and 13 were successful. At the lower primary scholarship examination 393 candidates were presented from 128 schools, of whom 52 passed. The returns show that 110 schools with 3,040 pupils have attained tho lower scholarship standard, 463 schools with 10,688 pupils are below that standard but use printed books, and 29 with 357 pupils uso no printed books. Theso roturns include schools for boys as well as girls. The reward examinations were held twice during the year. The average result was as follows-434 schools presented 6,046 pupils, of whom 2,405 were succossful. There were three standards of examination. 160. Rojshahye. - Population 1,338,638; primary grant Rs. 16,000; expenditure Rs. 15,919, of wisich Rs. 2,040 were spent on 44 upper primary and 13 girls' schools. Upper primaries were 45 with 1,335 pupils against 48 with 1,844. Lower primaries numbeied 506 with 12,996 pupils against 557 with 14,350. The loss of schools is ascribed to the failure of gurus to get stipends and to the scarcity. The Sub-Inspectors paid 604 visits to lower primaries in situ. Of the boys of school-going ago 1 in 6.2 is at school. At the upper primary scholarship examination 57 candidates appeared from 32 schools, aud 26 were ·82 REPORT OF THE DIREOTOR PSINARY EDUCATION, successful. At the lower primary scholarship 481 candidates were presented from 183 schools, of whom 134 passed. The retums show that 168 schools with 4,696 pupils attained the scholarship standard, 338 schools with 7,722 pupils are below that standard but read printed books, and 18 schools with 746 pupils use no printed books. These figures include schools for boys as well as girls. At the reward examinations 399 schools sent up 6,288 candidates, of whom 3,863 passed. 161. Rungporo. Population 2,097,984 ; primary grant raised from Rs. 16,000 to Rs. 19,000; expenditure 19,080, of which Rs. 92 were spent on two middle schools, Rs. 3,074 on 86 upper primaries, and Rs. 177 on 14 girls' schools. Upper primaries were 87 with 2,632 pupils against 52 with 1,643 pupils. The lower primaries numbered 765 with 16,106 pupils against 704 with 14,190 pupils. The Sub-Inspectors paid 769 visits in situ to lower primaries. Of the boys of school-going age 1 in 7.6 is at school. At the upper primary scholarship examination, 89 candidates appeared from 36 schools, and 29 were successful. At the lower primary scholarship examination 674 candidates competed from 259 schools, and 251 passed. The returns show that 302 schools with 7,041 pupils have reached the scholarship standard, 445 with 8,688 are below that standard but use printed books, and 36 schools with 608 pupils use no printed books. These figures include boys ns well as girls. The reward examinations were held four times during the year, and the average result of the examinations is as follows-721 schools presented 7,496 pupils, of whom 3,700 passed. The Magistrate, Mr. Newbery, considers that the employment of chief gurus has led to good results, inasmuch as it has multiplied the number of primary schools in the district, and gone far to improve their quality. 162. Bogra.- Population 734,358; primary grant raised from Rs. 6,000 to Rs. 8,297 ; expenditure Rs. 8,297, of which Rs. 1,257 were spent on 33 upper primary and 7 girls' schools. The upper primaries were 34 with 1,390 pupils, against 24 with 910 pupils. Lower prinaries numbered 348 with 8,710 pupils, against 253 with 0,395 pupils. The Sub-Inspectors paid 592 visits in situ to the lower primaries. Of the boys of school-going age, 1 in 4.7 is at school. At the upper primary scholarship examination 95 candidates appeared from 36 schools, and 25 were successful. At the lower primary scholarship examination 295 candidates appeared from 114 schools, of whom 165 passed. The returns show that 115 schools with 3,458 pupils have attained the scholarship standard, 209 with 4,950 pupils are below that stand. ard, but use printed books, and 36 with 515 pupils use no printed books. These figures include schools for boys as well as girls. At the reward examinations 333 schools sent up 7,295 pupils, of whom 6,935 passed. 163. Pubna.--Population 1,311,728; primary grant raised from Rs. 12,200 to Rs. 14,141; expendituro Rs. 11,08.), of which Rs. 73 were spent on three middle schools, and Rs. 3,631 on 69 upper primary, and 72 girls' schools. The upper primaries were 70 with 2,615 pupils, against 66 with 2,318 pupils, and the lower primaries 671 with 15,817 pupils, against 844 with 20,664 pupils. The Magistrato, Mr. Tuto, does not regret this apparent loss, as many of the pathsalas, started in the previous year, were of a temporary character. He thinks that it is much better to have a smaller number of pathsalas, that do real good to the localities in which they are situated, than a larger number of nominal ones. The Sub-Inspectors paid 1,033 visits in situ to the lower primaries. Of the boys of school-going age, 1 in 4.5 is at school. At the primary scholarship examination 165 candidates appeared from 57 schools, of whom 68 were successful. At the lower primary scholarship examination 299 candidates were presented from 118 schools, and 122 passed. The returns show that 158 schools with 4,792 pupils have attained the scholarship standard, 496 with 10,526 pupils are below that standard, but use printed books, and 99 with 1,765 pupils use no printed books. These figures include schools for boys as well as girls. Tho reward examinations were held three timos during the year, and the average result of the examination is as follows--439 schools presented 2,933 pupils, of whom 1,600 passed. 164. Darjeeling.–Population, 155,179 ; primary grant raised from Rs. 2,000 to Rs. 3,126 ; expenditure Rs. 3,125. The upper primaries numbered 12 with 565 pupils, against 9 with 352 pupils, and the lower primaries 38 with 929 At the upper ·OF PUBLIC IXSTRUCTTON. 63 PRIXARY SDUCATION pupils, against 32 with 649 pupils. No boy presented himself at the upper. primary scholarship examination. At the lower primary examination 18 pupils appeared from 9 schools, and 8. pasgod. Of the boys of schoolgoing age, 1 in 9 is at school. The returns show that 8 schools with 157 pupils have attained the scholarship standard, and 30 schools with 772 pupils are below that standard, but use printed books. The Deputy Commissioner, Mr. Oldham, mentions the fact that primary education in the Terai portion of the district is almost wholly supported from the one anna cess fund. He doubts if the total fees and really private subscriptions average more than Rs. 12 per annum for each school there, and for the lower primary schools they are considerably less. At the reward examinations 25 schools presented 191 pupils, of whom 172 passed. The Darjeeling Hill schools are managed by the Scotch Mission with State assistance, partly from the grant in-aid fund and partly from the district grant for primary educa. tion. There were altogether 22 schools under the mission with 1,037 pupils, one of them being a training school. 165. Julpiyoree.- Population 581,562; primary grant Rs. 4,670; expendi. ture Rs. 4,670, of which Rs. 960 were spent on 11 upper primary and 18 girls' schools. Upper primaries were 15 with 460 pupils, against 12 with 350 pupils. The lower primaries numbered 187 with 3,665 pupils against 156 with 3,034 pupils. The Sub-Inspectors paid 706 visits in situ to the lower primaries Of the boys of school-going age, 1 in 9 is at school. At the upper primary scholarship examination, 31 candidates appeared from 12 schools, and 10 were successful. To the lower primary scholarship examination 154 candidates were sent up from 61 schools, of whom 49 passed. The returns show that 57 schools with 1,209 pupils have attained the scholarship standard, and 155 with 2,682 pupils are below that standard, but use printed books. These figures include schools for boys as well as girls. For the reward examinations 188 schools sent up 2,183 candidates, of whom 808 passod. 166. DACCA DIVISION.-Of the boys of school-going age, 1 in 2.1 is at school. The total number of primary schools for boys was 11,589 with 235,314 pupils , against 9,473 schools with 207,782 pupils in the preceding yoar. Upper primaries numbered 364 with 14.127 pupils, against 273 with 11,190, and lower primaries 11,225 with 221,187 pupils, against 9,200 with 196,592 pupils. The system of payment by results is in operation' in all the districts of the division. 167. Dacca.- Population, 2,116,350 ; primary grant raised from Rs. 23,712 to Rs. 26,000; expenditure Rs. 25,926, of which Rs. 3,945 were spent on 59 upper primary and 276 girls' schools. Upper primaries rose from 54 with 2,010 pupils to 87 with 2,936 pupils. Lower primaries numbered 2,196 with 44,022 pupils, against 2,067 with 44,814 pupils. The Sub-Inspectors paid 1,390 visits in situ to the lower primaries. Of the boys of school-going age, l' in 2.5 is at school. At the upper primary scholarship examination 71 candidates appeared from 38 schools, of whom 62 were successful. At the lower primary scholarship examination 945 candidates were presented from 336 schools, and 491 passed. The returns show that 327 schools with 10,664 pupils have attained the scholarship standard, 2,044 with 35,838 pupils are below that standard but use printed books, and 96 schools with 1,037 pupils use no printed books. These figures include schools for boys as well as girls. At the reward examinations 2,099 schools presented 32,698 pupils, of whom 27,853 passed. 168. Furreodpore.- Population 1,631,734; the primary grant was raised from Rs. 14,000 to Rs. 16,896 ; the expenditure was Rs. 16,896, of which Rs. 3,931 were spent on one middle school, 58 upper primary, and 198 girls schools. Upper primaries vumbered 67 with 2,681 pupils against 52 with 2,109 pupils. Lower primaries were 2,067 with 39,666 pupils against 1,234 with 30,829 pupils. The Sub-Inspectors paid 818 visits in situ to the lower primaries. Of the boys of school-going age, 1 in 2.5 is at school. At the upper primary scholarship examination 164 candidates appeared from 64 schools, of whom 116 were suocessful. At the lower primary scholarship examination 344 schools presented 1,011 candidates, of whom 402 passed. The returns show that 386 schools with 10,086 pupils have attained the scholarship standard, 1,054 schools with 19,679 pupils are below that standard but use printed books, and ·64 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR PRIMARY EDUCATION that 831 schools with 12,265 pupils use no printed books. These figures include schools for boys as well as girls. At the reward examiuations 1,646 schools presented 24,382 pupils for examination, of whom 11,623 passed Mr. Barrow, the District Magistrate, is of opinion that it is better to pay a fixed stipend and to depend on inspections, than to have a system of payment by results crudely and inefficiently carried out. 169. Backergunge.-- Population 1,900,889; primary grant raised from Rs. 20,000 to Rs. 23,000; expenditure Rs. 21,821, of which Rs. 3,313 were spent on 3 middle, 92 upper primary, and 31 girls' schools. The upper primaries numbered 204 with 4,405 pupils, against 105 with 4,485 in the previous year. The lower primaries were 2.980 with 68,849 pupils against 2,604 with 62,724. The Sub-Inspectors paid 902 visits in situ to the lower primaries. Of the boys of school-going age, ! in 2 is at school. Reforring to this fact, the Magistrate, Mr. Fasson, roniarks that it is obvious that education has become extremely general amongst the Hindoos and better class Musulmans, so much so as to leave little room for extension, though of course much for improvement of quality. In respect of the proportion of their boys under education, he thinks these classes in Backergunge would probably now compare not unfavourably with almost any existing community. At the upper primary scholarship examination 184 candidates appeared from 67 schools, of whom, 136 were successful. At the lower primary scholarship examination 274 schools prosented 894 candidates, of whom 402 passed. The returns show that 553 schools with 17,483 pupils have attained the scholarship standard, 1,800 with 41,630 pupils are below that standard but use printed books, and 658 with 10,28% pupils use no printed books. The figures include schools for boys as well as girls. At the reward examinations 2,226 schools presented 41,052 pupils, of whon 38,766 wero successful. 170. Mymensingh.-- Population 3,051,966 ; primary grant raised from Rs. 28,496 to Rs. 30,912; expenditure Rs. 30,9+2, of which Rs. 7,865 were spent on 10 middle, 92 upper primary, and 424 girls' schools. The upper primaries were 100 with 4,105 pupils against 6:2 with 2,586 pupils. Tho lower primaries numbered 3,982 with 68,651 pupils, against 3,295 with 58,205 in the year before. The Sub-Inspectors paid 663 visits in situ to the lower primaries. Of the boys of school-going age 1 in 3 is at school. At the upper primary scholarship examination 2:18 candidatos appeared from 98 schools, of whom 165 were successful. For the lower primary scholarship cxamination 454 schools sont up 1,572 candidates, of whom 821 passed. The returus show that 405 schools with 12,222 pupils have attained the scholarship standard, 3,726 with 57,633 pupils are below that standard but use printed books, and 276 with 3,560 pupils use no printed books. These figures include schools for boys as well as girls. At tho reward examination 1,618 schools presented 13,905 pupils, of whom 8,759 passed. Mr. Glazier, the Magistrate, draws attention to the fact that Baboo Brajendra Kumar Guha joined the district in June 1881, when there were 692 schools with 19,048 pupils, while on 31st March 1885 there wero on the returns 4,603 schools with 81,722 pupils. There were 5 inspecting pundits and 150 chief or model gurus, who are reported to have paid 61,444 visits to schools. During the year the number of stipendiury schools was reduced from 328 to 301, and the rates of stipends There are three Government lower primary schools in thanah Durgapur for the benefit of the hill people: they aro attended by 74 pupils, and cost Government Rs. 316. 171. CHITTAGONG Division.-Of the boys of school-going age, 1 in 1:7 is at school. The total number of primary schools for boys was 5,108 with 122,188 pupils, against 6,247 with 140,758 pupils in the preceding year. Upper primary schools numbered 159 with 5,700 pupils, against 120 with 4,535 pupils, und lower primary schools were 4,919 with 116,488 pupils, against 6,127 with 136,223 pupils. The system of payment by resulis obtains in all districts except the Chittagong Hill Tracts. 172. Tipperah. -- Population 1,519,338 ; primary grant raised from Rs. 25,000 to Rs. 30,926; expenditure Rs. 30,908, of which Rs. 2,499 were spent on 6 middle, 57 upper primary, and 35 girls' schools. Upper primaries numbered 79 with 2,600 pupils, against 51 with 1,696 pupils. Lower were reduced ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 65 PRIMARY EDUCATION primaries were 2.010 with 56,195 pupils against 3,323 with 66,745. Mr. Skrine, the Magistrate attributes this decrease to the wholesome strictness with which the reward xaminations have been conducted, and specially to the six months' existence rule, which has effectually checked the growth of bogus schools. Ho gadis that there are few districts in India where considerably more than hell the boys of school-going age are receiving some sort of education. He considers the gurus generally as grossly ignorant." The only effect of the chief guru system appears to have been the ruin of the chief guru's own school. Inspecting pundits are an anachronism. The idea of inspection is entirely a European one, and cannot be grafted on the uneducated nativo mind. Inspocting pundits therefore think only of amassing as many annas as possible by inspecting as many pathsalas as possible in a single day. The tale of work' demanded from these people is simply absurd. To suppose that a chief guru can look after 25 or 20, or even 15 pathsalas besides his own is futility itsolf; and the samo remark applies to the 75 schools which the inspecting pundit is expected to visit during the month.” IIo refers to certain criminal prosecutions for fraud as having an ominous look, and as furnishing indications that such frauds are very widespread. Tho Sub-Inspectors paid 1,046 visits in situ to the lower primaries. Of the boys of school-going age, 1 in 1•8 is at school. At the upper primary scholarship oxamination 102 candidates appeared from 51 schools, of whom 71 were successful. At tho lower primary scholarship examination 189 schools presented 623 candidates, of whom 306 passed. The returns show that 189 schools with 5,958 pupils havo attained the scholarship standard, and 2,458 with 50,752 pupils are below that standard but use printed books. These figures include schools for boys as well as girls. At the reward examinations 2,523 schools presented 41,945 candidates, of whom 38,194 passed. 173. Noakholly.- Population 820,772 ; primary grant raisod from Rs. 15,000 to Rs. 19,150; expenditure Rs. 18,993, of which Rs. 3,620 wero spent on one middle school, 32 upper primary, and 91 girls' schools . Upper primaries nunıbered 46 with 1,662 pupils, against 40 with 1,499 pupils ; while lower primaries were 1,431 with 33,131 pupils, against 1,652 with 39,445. Mr. Burooah, the Magistrate, says : -" Tho apparent decrease appears to me to be due to the simultaneousness of the examination in every part of the district. Last year the examination was not held simultaneously, and some of the pupils may have appeared at more than one centre.” He adds the number of primary schools is so large that Sub-Inspectors cannot inspect them more than once or at most twice a year.” As a matter of fact they did much less. The Sub-Inspectors paid 958 visits in situ to the lower primaries. Of the boys of school-going age l in 1:1 is at school. At tho upper primary scholarship examination 86 candidates appeared from 35 schools, of whom 76 wero successful. At the lower primary scholarship examination, 149 schools presented 475 candidatos, of whom 329 passed. The returns show that 171 schools with 5,673 pupils have attained the scholarship standard, 1,278 with 27,055 pupils are below thatystandard but use printed books, and 77 with 1,266 pupils use no printed books. These figures include schvols for boys as well as girls. For the reward examinations 1,162 schools sent up 20,504 candidates, of whom 16,336 passed. 174. Chittagong.- Population 1,132,341 ; primary grant raised from Rs. 15,000 to Rs. 18,211; expenditure Rs. 17,962, of which Rs. 1,610 wero spent on 1 middle school and 27 upper primary, and 6 girls' schools. Upper primaries numbered 34 with 1,438 pupils against 29 with 1,341 pupils. Lower pridiaries were 894 with 26,929 pupils, against 1;147 with 29,93i. Tho Deputy İnspector attributes the decrease to cholera, to the dying out of worthless schools under strict supervision, to the holding of reward examinations simultaneously at all the centres, and to thio exclusion of ephemeral patshalus from the reward examinations. Why no returns of those last were taken is not explained. The Sub-Inspectors paid 427 visits in situ to the lower primaries. Of the boys of school.going age 1 in 2:2 is at school. At the upper primary scholarship examination 81 candidates appeared from 30 schools, of whom 56 were successful. At the lower primary scholarship examination 137 schools presented 606 candidates, of whom 215 passed. The returns show that 161 schools with 6,321 pupils have attained the scholarship standard and 739 with ·66 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR HINARY DICATION year. The 20,738 pupils are below that standard but use printed boons. These figures include schools for boys as well as girls. At the reward examinations 817 schools sent up 20,349 candidates, of whom 20,224 passed. 175. Chittagong Hill Tracts. - Population 101,597. The lower primaries numbered 14 with 233 pupils against 5 with 102 pupils . There were thero 40 Kyoungs attached to Buddhist monasteries attended by 803 pupils, of whon. 30 aro girls. These are reckoned as private schools. The Government expenditure was Rs. 468 paid from the savings of the Rangamati Government school. There is no primary grant. The cost of the Kyoung examiner was Rs 150 for five months besides Rs 37 as travelling allowance. He paid 21 visits to schools. 176. Patna DIVISION.-Of the boys of school-going age 1 in 6.1 is at school. The upper primaries numbered 285 against 258 and their pupils 11,660 against 10,177. There has been a large decrcase in their number in the Patna district, but a considerable increase in Gya, Sarun, and Durbhunga. The lower primaries declined from 11,654 to 11,199, but their pupils rose from 136,355 to 143,986. Only a small proportion of these have been visited by the Deputy Inspectors of Schools. The chief guru system is in force in all the districts of the Division, but the rulos for administering the primary grant vary considerably in them. In Patna, Gya, and Durbhunga the stipendiary system provails, while in Mozuſfcrpore and Shalabad payments to gurus aro made by results. The latter is the case in Sarun too, but some stipendiary schools are maintainod in backward parts of the district. Iu Chumparun & combination of the two systems is in force. 177. Putna.—The population of the Patna district is 1,756,856. The primary grant for the year was Rs. 20,000, besides Rs. 500 from tho Estates Improvement Fund. The total expenditure for tho year was Rs. 19,894, of which Rs. 2,029 was spent on 27 upper primary schools and Rs. 22 on I lower primary girls' school, which existed for about seven months in the total number of aided lower primary pathsalas was 1,611 with 23,475 pupils, against 1,452 schools with 19,658 pupils. Unaided schools numbered 453 with 3,935 pupils, against 512 schools with 5,065 pupils. The upper primarios were 27 with 977 pupils. The Sub-Inspectors paid 878 visits to lower primaries in situ. Of the boys of school-going age 1 in 4:1 is at school. At the upper primary scholarship examination 53 candidates appeared from 21 schools, and 14 passed. At the lower primary scholarship examinsation 576 schools presented 3,860 candidates, of whom 1,935 wore successful. It appears from the returns that 524 schools with 11,710 pupils have attained the scholarship standard, 905 with 9,662 pupils are below that standard, but use printed books, and 636 with 6,057 pupils read no printed books. These figures include schools for boys as well as girls. The number of stipendiary patshalas on 31st March was 125. The district is divided into 70 circles, each under a chief guru. At 52 central gatherings 11,861 pupils from 902 schools were examined by the Deputy Inspector, and 0,348 passed. 178. Gya.—The population is 2,124,682. The primary grant was Rs. 15,000, besides Rs.877 from the Government Estates Improvement Fund, and the expenditure Rs. 15,728. Of this, Rs. 6,233 was spent on 1 middle und 97 upper primary schools. The upper primaries were 97 with 3,825 pupils. The aidel lower primary schools were 1,567 with 19,06+ pupils, against 1,440 with 16,739 pupils. Unaided schools have been returned as 31 with 770 pupils. The Sub-Inspectors puid 953 visits in situ to the lower primarios. Of the boys of school-going age 1 in 6.2 is at school. At the upper primary scholarship examination 227 candidates appeared from 71 schools, and 69 passod. The number of stipendiary schools was 112. There were 54 whick gurus. Of 3,185 pupils from 619 schools, 1,872 pupils from 498 schools passed the lower primary scholarship examination. Sixteen thousand six hundred and two pupils from 1,267 schools were examined by the Deputy Inspector at 60 central gatherings. It appears from the returns that 702 schools with 10,205 pupils have attained the scholarship standard, 417 with 4,107 pupils are below that standard but use printed books, and 479 with 5,222 pupils use no printed books. Mr. Bolton, the Magistrate, is glad to find a fair number of stipendiary schools, because he believos they are always far better than the schools aided on the payment-by-results system. This system has, in his opinion, been carried much too far iu many districts, for the sake, merely, of showing big results annually ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION, 67 PRIMARY RICATION in the shape of a large" addition” to the number of schools and pupils. Much of this is pure sham, and should be strongly discouraged. He doubts whether in many districts the primary grant is used to the best advantage. 179. Shahabad.--The population is 1,964,909. The primary grant is Rs. 15,612. Out of this Ra. 1,378 was paid to unnar primary schools. Upper primaries numbered 15 with 590 pupils The number of aided lower primary patshalas was 1,330 with 20,875 pupils, against 1,218 with 19,597 pupils. Unaided patshalas numbered 48 with 441 pupils, against 119 with 1,286 pupils, There wore no stipendiary patshalas beyond those kopt by the chief gurus, and the 2 patshalas on the Rohtas plateau for Dhangars. There wero 51 chief gurus. At the upper primary scholarship examination 36 candidates appeared from 14 schools and 8 more successful. Of 2,573 pupils from 349 schools, 1,174 pupils from 083 schools passed the lower primary scholarship examination. The Sub-Inspectors paid 1,109 visits in situ to the lower primaries. Of the boys of school-going age 1 in 5.8 was at school. Threo thousand two hundred and ninety-five pupils from 191 schools were examined by the Deputy Inspector at 8 central gatherings. Owing to the large number of middle schools in the district, the Magistrate has permitted tho Sub-Inspectors to hold the half-yearly examinations instead of the Deputy Inspector. The Sub-Inspoctors held 106 gatherings of 2,035 schools with 29,493 scholars. It appears from the returns that 428 schools with 7,203 pupils have attainod the scholarship standard, 671 with 10,899 pupils are below that standard, but use printed books, and 265 with 2,647 pupils uso no printed books. The Magistrate, Mr. Power, states that the District Committee will shortly decide in what directions tho existing system of administration is capable of improvement. Somo rules have been propared, the principal object of which is to render chief gurus pecuniarily independent of tho paynıont-by-results system, and to make sure that competing schools and pupils have been at work for a sufficient period before the examination to guarantee the bona fides of each institution and its candidates. 180. Sarun.- Population 2,280,382. The primary grant was Rs. 14,240, including Rs. 210 from the Government Estate Improvement Fund, and the expenditure was Rs. 12,194. Out of this Rs. 2,778 was spent on 45 upper primary schools and Rs. 476 on 24 girls' schools. The upper primaries num. bered 45 with 1,731 pupils. The number of aided lower primary patshalas was 1,679 with 20,521 pupils, against 1,441 with 16,295 pupils. 'Unaided pathsalas numbered 64 with 412 pupils, against 158 with 1,034 pupils. The Sub-Inspectors paid 1,185 visits in situ to the lower primaries. Of the boys of school-going age 1 in 7.1 is at school. The number of stipendiary schools was 19. There are 78 chief gurus. At the upper primary scholarship examination 55 candidates appeared from 21 schools, and 19 passed. Of 1,272 pupils from 358 schools, 548 pupils from 254 schools passed the lower primary scholarship examination. Ten thousand nine hundred and seventy-three pupils from 1,144 schools were examined by the Deputy Inspector at 40 central gatherings. The returns show that 357 schools withi 5,750 pupils have attained the scholarship standard, 1,033 with 10,747 pupils are below that standard but use printed books, and 308 with 2,705 pupils uso no printed books. 181. Chumparun.-Population 1,721,608. The prim ary grant was Rs. 14,000, and Rs. 100, the permanent advance in the hands of the Sudder Sub- Inspector, was refunded at the close of the year and placed to the credit of the Primary Fund. The expenditure was Rs. 14,077. Out of this Rs. 2,231 was spent on 36 upper primary schools and Rs. 129 on three lower primary girls? schools. The upper primaries were 36 with 1,569 pupils. The number of aided lower primaries was 1,069 with 13,626 pupils.' Unaided pathsalas numbered 157 with 983 pupils. There were 135 stipendiary pathsalas. Thero were 43 chief gurus. The Sub-Inspectors paid 422 visits in situ to the lower primaries. Of the boys of school-going age 1 in 12 is at school. At the upper primary scholarship examination 84 candidates appeared from 33 schools, and 9 passed. Of 708 pupils from 188 schools, 463 pupils from 134 schools passed the lower primary scholarship examination. Three thousand five hundred pupils from 238 schools were examined by the Deputy Inspector at 8 central gatherings. The returns show that 547 schools with 7,466 pupils have attained tho scholarship standard, 375 with 2,766 pupils are below that standard but use printed books, and 240 with 2,247 pupils use no printed books. Mr. Henry, the 1 2 ·68 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR PILIMARY EOTCATION. was District Magistrate, states that "the decrease in the number of lower primary schools amounts to 242, and is observable solely in the sudder subdivision. This decrease, apparently large, is, however, only nominal, and is due to & change in the lode of classifying the schools. In former years the practice was to classify under the heau of nublic institutions all schools of an indigenous character, such as tols and maktabs, which are managed entirely on the native system, and bave not accepted in any shape the dopartmental standard of instruction, and are not subject to any public test. During the year under report these schools have boen carefully eliminated from the returns of the sudder subdivision, though from the increase in the number of schools in the Bettiah subdivision they appear to have been included in the returns of that subdivision. Another fact which has probably helped in bringing about # reduction in the number of schools is that at tho time the forms of annual retums were distributed, the chief gurus were clearly given to understand that rewards for furnishing returns would not be paid until the schools had been personally inspected by the Sub-Inspectors in situ, and until it wis shown to the Sub-Inspector's satisfaction that they had been in existenco on the 31st March last. The effect of this order was to prevent the chief gurus from entering in their returns any schools not in existence, as inay perhaps have previously occurred. On the whole I am of opinion that the decrease is a nominal and not a real one. During the year four stipendiary patshalas have been started in villagos bordoring on the Nepal frontior in the north-west part of the district; these villages are inhabited by an aboriginal tribe called Tharus, who chiefly live by cultivation. Hitherto no attempt had been made by Government to give these people the benefit of any education whatever, and the establishment of these schools may prove successful. The average attendance at the four schools taken together is 63." 182. Mozufferpore. - Population 2,582,060 The primary grant Rs. 18,000 and the expendituro Rs. 16,941. Of these, Rs. 1,137 were spent on 15 upper primary schools. The upper primaries wero 16 with 579 pupils. The number of aided lower primaries was 1,764 with 19,161 pupils, against 2,855 with 22,897 pupils. The number of stipendiary pathsalas was 84. "There wero 84 chief gurus. The Sub-Inspectors paid 1,315 visits in situ to the lower primaries. Of the boys of school-going ago 1 in 10 is at school. At the upper primary scholarship examination 36 candidates appeared from 15 schools, and 6 passed. To the lower primary scholarship examination 94 schools sent up 204 pupils, of whom 76 passed from 49 schools. Three thousand one hundrod and thirty-two pupils from 339 schools were examined by the Deputy Inspector at 12 central gatherings. The returns show that 224 schools with 3,974 pupils have attained the scholarship standard, 853 with 8,320 pupils aro below that standard but use printed books, and 672 with 6,356 pupils use no printed books. The officiating Magistrate, Mr. Marindin, says that “the progress of education under the payment-by-results and the chief guru system does not seem to have been great. Indeed, Mr. Collin from Ilajeeporo reports that the chief guru schools are not so good as they were before the chief guru system, and that the chief gurus themselves are a focble and unintelligent body of men. The system, it seems to me, contains ono irredeomablo fault in offering the chief gurus an inducement to neglect their own schools in order to gain the fee for visiting others." 183. Durbhungu.-- Population 2,633,447._The primary grant was Rs. 17,000, besides Rs. 154 from the Government Estates Improvement Fund, and the expenditure Rs 16,907. Of this, Rs. 60 were spent on 1 middle vernacular school, Rs. 2,009 on 17 upper primary schools and Rs. 180 on 10 lower primary girls schools . The upper primaries were 49 with 2,389 pupils. The total number of aided lower primary schools was 1,585 with 26,017 pupils against 1,053 patlısulas with 20,297 pupils. Two unaided pathsalas were returned with 98 pupils. There were 169 stipendiary pathsalas and 40 chief gurus. The Sub- Inspectors paid 879 visits in situ to the lower primaries. Of the boys of schoolgoing ago, 1 in 9 is at school. At the upper primary scholarship examina. tion, 44 candidates appeared from 16 schools, and 10 passed. To the lower primary scholarship examination 285 schools sent up 1,814 pupils, of whom 799 passed from 211 schools. Nineteen thousand five hundred and eighteen pupils from 990 schools were examined by the Deputy Inspector at 66 ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 69 L'AIMARY KIUCATION central gatherings. A system of payment-by-results has lately been introduced into the district, and a boy passing in reading, dictation and handwriting, European arithmetic, &c., and native arithmetic earns for his guru 12 annas. The returns show that 383 schools with 9,454 pupils heve attained the scholarship standard, 615 with 9,942 pupils are below that standard but use printed books, and 567 with 6,816 pupils use no priuted books. 184.BHAGULPORE Division. Of the boys of school-going age, 1 in 6:3 is at school. The total number of primary schools (7,304) remained stationary, but thér pupils increased from 87,389 to 70,582. The upper primaries declined from 374 to 321, and their pupils from 13,109 to 11,835. The lower primaries were 7,943 with 78,727 pupils against 6,894 with 74,280 pupils in the preceding year. There has been a considerable increase in schools and pupils in Purneah. Maghyr and Maldah show a decrease in schools, but an advance in pupils, the Sonhal Pergunnahs a decroase in both, and Bhagulpore an increase in schools buti decline in pupils. Increased grants for primary education were mado to all districts of the division. The chief guru system with some modifications was in face in Bhagulpore, Purneah, and Monghyr. In the Sonthal Pergunnahs and Maldah the system has been changed, leaving, however, the chiof guru intact There are still in all the districts schools aided by fixed monthly stipenls. In Purneah and the Sonthal Pergunnahıs tho stipendiary system has been tsorted to extensively. From 225 upper primary schools 587 went up for theupper primary scholarship examination, and 139 passed : 1,186 lower primares sent up 4,338 candidates, and 1,879 scholars were successful. Flevonpatlısala gatherings, in which 255 pathsalas with 1,776 pupils were assembled, wire held by the Assistant Inspector of Schools. 18 Bhagulpore. Population 1,966,158; primary grant Rs. 16,210, inclusive of tle assignment from the Government estates improvement fund; expenditure Rs.13,403, of which Rs. 5,499 were spent on 102 upper primary schools and Rs. 67 on 23 girly' schools; the rost was spent on the lower primaries for boys The number of upper primaries was 102 as in the year before, but their pujils have decreased from 3,781 to 3,712: they were all stipendiary. The lowe primaries have increased from 2,411 to 2,137, but their pupils have decreascd from 17,155 to 16,775. The Sub-Inspectors puid 712 visits in situ to lower primaries. Of the boys of school-going age 1 in 7:1 is at school. There wec 81 chief gurus. Only 9,186 pupils from 1,716 schools were examined at 47 centres. For the upper primury scholarship examination 120 candidates were sent from 53 schools, and 24 were successful. Of the 410 candidates from 168 lower primary schools, 87 passed at the lower primary scholarship oxamination. The returns show that 403 schools with 5,945 pupils haw attained the scholarship standard, 573 schools with 2,281 pupils are below that standard but read printed books, while 1,484 schools with 8,927 pupils use ao printed books. There were 405 Sonthals attending the schools. Of these, 1 passed the lower primary scholarship examination, and 1 obtained a scholarship 186. Monghyr.- Population 1,969,774; primary grant raised from Rs. 18,0000 Rs. 19,000 exclusive of the assigunent of Rs. 1,010 from tho Government estate improvement fund; cxpenditurc Rs. 18,897, of which Rs. 6,931 were spenton 112 upper primary schools including the khas mehal schools, Rs. 1,615 n girls schools, and the rest on lower primary schools. The upper primaries fill from 159 with 4,995 pupils to 112 with 3,966 pupils. All recoived fixed stiperds. Lower primaries fell from 2,158 to 2,128, but their pupils increased from 22,197 to 24,754. The Sub-Inspectors paid 884 visits in situ to lower primaries. Of the boys of school-going age, 1 in 5 is at school. The number of chief gurus increased from 88 to 89. The Deputy Inspector examined 1,010 pattsalas with 6,348 pupils at 40 centres. The Assistant Inspector was present at 3 of these gatherings. At the upper primary scholarship examination 135 candidates appeared from 84 schools and 26 were successful. Of 1,907 candidates from 562 schools at the lower primary scholarship examination, 1,231 wcro successful. The returns show that 1,482 schools with 17,134 pupils have attained the scholarship standard, 387 schools with 3,977 pupils are below that standard but read printed books, and 321 with 4,768 pupils use to printed books. There were altogether 581 Sonthals in the schools ·70 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR PRIMARY EDUCATION. grant. of the district. There was no change in the administration of the primary 187. Purneah.- Population 1,848,687; primary grant Rs. 11,000; expenditure Rs. 11,044, of which Rs. 1,453 wero spent on 25 upper primary schools, Rs. 130 on 9 girls' schools, and the rest on the lower primary schools. The upper primaries rose from 23 with 886 pupils to 25 with 1,052 pupils; tho lower primaries increased from 972 with 11,337 pupils to 1,128 with 13,214 pupils. The Sub-Inspoctors paid 884 visits in situ to the lower primaries.' Of the boys of school-going age, 1 in 10 is at school. The number of chief guxus increased from 55 to 57. The central examinations were held according to the Burdwan system by the Sub-Inspectors, either in the presence of the Doputy Inspector, the subdivisional officer or local committoes. At the upper primary scholarship examination, 67 candidates appeared fron 24 pathsalas, of whom 12 passod. At the lower primary scholarship examinţion 358 candidates passed out of 966 prosented from 169 pathsalas. The rearns show that 621 schools with 8,141 pupils have attained the scholarship stanard, 221 with 2,606 pupils are below that standard but read printed books, and 305 with 2,783 pupils read no printed books. All rowards to gurus weré roritted by postal money.orders. 188. Sonthal Pergunnahs.- Population 1,568,093; the primary grat was raised from Rs. 14,000 to Rs. 15,000. The grant under the special schene for tho education of the Sonthals was Rs. 5,000. Rupees 2,042 were spont on 37 upper primary schools, and the rest on lower primaries. The upper pinary schools maintained from the primary grant rose to 37. The number & lowor primary schools decreased from 960 to 946, and their pupils from 1,929 to 16,631. Of theso, 112 are under the Church Mission Society and 29 under the Indian Home Mission. The Sub-Inspectors paid 1,199 visits in situ to te lower primaries. Of the boys of school-going age 1 in 6.6 is at school. Th number of chief gurus increased from 70 to 73. At the upper primary sciolarship examination, 44 boys out of 109 from 33 pathsalas passed, 10 of tlom being Sonthals. Of 575 candidates from 166 schools, 103 passed at the lowe primary scholarship examination, of whom 37 were Sonthals. The returnsshow that 200 schools with 4,778 pupils havo attained the scholarship standard 760 with 12,152 pupils are below that standard but road printed books, and tlere is no school whore printed books are not read. The number of Sonthals attending school has increased from 8,086 to 8,152, and that of Paharias from 11 to 212. The Sub-Inspectors held central examinations twice during the year. One hundred and thirty-five school-gatherings were also held. Twelv thousand nine hundred and fifty-five pupils were examinod from 974 pathsalas. The Assistant Inspector of Schools was present at one of these gatherings, where 127 pupils were assembled from ( pathsalas. 189. The special schome of Sonthal education in the Damipi-koh was carried out during the year with satisfactory results. The Sonthalsare taught their own language in the Roman character, and Bengali or Hindi Ls a second language, their teachers being all Sonthals or men of aboriginal extraction. Two Sonthal Sub-Inspectors were appointed in August 1884, aid dirocted to select sites for the new pathsalas and to visit the existing schools. In the month of October grants from the district allotment to the Damin-i-loh pathsalas were withheld by order of the Deputy Commissioner except in the ase of those in tho bazars whore non-aboriginal races predominate. In the Danin portion of the Godda and the Rajmehal subdivisions, a good many pathsalas were opened during 1882-83 and 1883-84 in anticipation of a grant under the scheme. Some of them were subsoquently closed. At the time of introduang the new system 33 pathsalas were found working in the Godda Damin-i-koh aid 32 in the Kajmelal Damin, besides a few more having less than 10 pupils. In the Sudder Damin, 3 pathsalas had been opened, but 2 of them were closed at ibe time the scheme was introduced. In the Pakour Damin-i-kob there were no pathsalas except 10 special ones said to be under tho immediate managoment of the subdivisional Officer of Pakour, but in reality under the management of Mr. Blaich, the resident missionary at Heranpore, on behalf of the subdivisional officer. Whilo grants from the district funds were withdrawn from all other Dainiu pathsalas on the introduction of the new scheme, the grants to these 10 pathsalas wore left undisturbed. Under these circumstances tñe hundred ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 71 PRIMARY EUVOVTION, pathsalas to be opened in the Damin-i-koh under the scheme were allotted thus- Godda Damin-i-koh 30 Rajmehal Pakour 15 Sudder 25 ... 80 ... Total 100 L. succe88. 190. Maldah.-Population 710,448; primary grant raised from Rs. 8,000 to Rs. 8,350; expenditure Rs. 8,325, of which Rs. 2,221 were spent on 43 upper primary schools and Rs. 174 on 6 girls' schools. Upper primarios declined from 48 with 1,946 pupils to 43 with 1,742 pupils. Lower primaries rose from 388 with 6,662 pupils to 394 with 7,123 pupils. The Sub-Inspectors, including the educational clerk, paid 632 visits in situ to the lower primaries. Of the boys of school-going age, 1 in 5 is at school. Fourthousand throo hundred and twenty-five pupils from 370 schools were examined by the Deputy and Sub-Inspectors at 42 central gatherings, and 989 pupils obtained prizes. On an average there were ğ pathsalas and 103 pupils present at cach centre. Rewards to the amount of Rs. 2,230 were given to the non-stipendiary gurus on the results of the central examinations. The number of sub-circles has been increased from 30 to 43. At the upper primary scholarship examination 106 candidates from 32 schools appeared and 33 passed. At the lower primary scholarship examination 479 candidates competed from 126 schools, and 117 passed. The returns show that 140 schools with 3,590 pupils have attained the scholarship standard; 237 schools with 3,301 pupils are below that standard but read printed books, and 17 with 172 pupils use no printed books at all. The number of pathsalas in the Barendra portion of the district further fell from 46 with 593 pupils to 33 with 483 pupils. Distress and scarcity appear to be the only cause of the decline of primary education. There were no Sonthals at school in tho district. The standards of reward examinations and the rates of rowards were tho same as in the year before. The upper primary schools were excluded by order of the Circle Inspector from the central examinations. The primary remittances were made by postal money.order: this system of payment has met with completo The maximum stipend of a guru was raised to Rs. 6. At the standard examinations no rewards were given for a boy unless he passed by a standard higher than that in which ho had passed in the previous year. 191. CHOTA NAQPORE DIVISION.-Of the boys of school-going age one in 6-7 is at school. Upper primaries rose from 63 to 65, and their pupils from 2,867 to 3,144. The lower primaries numbered 1,467 with 40,603 pupils against 1,104 with 31,958 pupils in the preceding year. This increase undoubtedly indicates a growing desire on the part of the people to educate their children. It is worthy of note that it is shared more or less by all the districts of the division. The Assistant Inspector adds that the increase of schools and pupils in Chota Nagpore does not mean so much the inclusion of existing schools in the departmental returns as the opening of new schools in tho hope of the Government subsidy. It niust be observed, howo ver, that 69 schools with 1,459 pupils were erroneously excluded from tho returns of primary schools in Lohardugga in the preceding year, and treated as private schools. Of the primary schools 84 with 1,778 pupils were night schools. These schools are at times very useful in providing the means of elementary instruction to the agricultural labourer, but the Assistant Inspector was not quite satisfied with the working of some of them. The whole body of pupils in them would have attended the day schools, had there beon no arrangement to teach them at night. The teacher in cach caso got between Rs. 4 and Rs. 8 from the day school, and another Rs. 4 or 5 for keeping up tho night class without strong reasons for its existence. Abuses of this kind should be put down by the inspecting officers. The examinations for rewards were held, as in previous years, in the districts of Manbhoom, Hazaribagh, and Lohardugga, during the last autumn and cold weather. In all the three districts, they were conducted by the Sub-Inspectors of Schools. Except in the subdivision of Gobindpur, iu ·REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR EDUCATION Manbhoom, in which in each pathsala was examined in situ, the examinations were held at central gatherings. On the results of these examinations, prizes were awarded to the successful pupils in useful books and slaten, and rewards were distributed to the teachors in cash. The amount of reward giver to a teacher on account of each pupil passed in Manbhoom was double the value of the prize to which the pupil was himself entitled. In Ilazaribagh the ratio of a teacher's gain was still greater, the pupils getting only prizes of small value. The system adopted in this district differed from that followed in the other two, in that stipendiary schools were allowed to compete at these examinations, the prizes and rewards, in their caso, being of smaller value than in that of non-stipendiary schools. There were two standards of pass in all the three districts at these examinations. 192. Manbhoom.--Area in square miles 4,147; population 1,038, 028; number of Sub-Inspectors 2, besides the education clerk, who also works as a Sub-Inspector in addition to his own duties ; primary grant raised from Rs. 10,000 to Rs. 12,000. Expenditure Rs. 11,892 ; of which Rs. 696 were spent on 13 upper primary and Rs. 177 on 4 girls' schools, besides Rs. 668 returned as “ other payments." Besides theso, Rs. 150 and Rs. 739 were spent on 1 boys' and 3 girls' upper primary schools respectively from the grant-inaid allotment. The total amount spent on primary education from public sources was Rs. 12,781, the private expenditure being Rs. 14,714, inclusive of Rs. 204 froin municipal funds. Aided upper primary schools for boys were 14 with 450 pupils against 10 schools and 351 pupils in the year preceding. One of these attended by 30 pupils was a grant-in-aid school. Aided lower primaries for boys advanced from 39 schools with 9,314 pupils to 454 schools attended by 10,593 children, showing a gain of 61 schools and 1,249 pupils. All the 13 upper primaries supported from the primary grant wero stipendiary schools. Of the 45t lower primaries, 180 were stipendiary, and 274 reward schools. No unaided primary or private institution has been returned from this district. Of the boys of school-going age, one in 7.1 was at school. Each Sub-Inspector paid, on an average, 316 visits to primary schools in situ, and examined 560 pupils in gatherings. Eleven candidatos, viz. 1 girl and 10 boys, from 1 girls' and 7 boys' schools, passed at the upper, and 195 boys and 3 girls from 91 boys' and 2 girls' schools, at the lower primary scholarship examination. One boy obtained an uppor primary scholarship and 7 received lower primary scholarships. In the previous year, 8 candidates from 5 schools were successful at the former, and 159 from 69 schools at the latter examination. At the reward examinations 1,343 pupils passed out of 1,989, who con peted from 178 schools attended by 4,381 pupils. The succossful pupils carned prizes to the value of Rs. 760, and their teachers received Rs. 1,516, as rewards. 193. llazuribagh.--Area in squaro miles 7,021; population 1,104,742; number of Sub-Inspectors 2, besides the education clerk, whio works regularly as a Sub-Inspector, in addition to his own duties. The primary allotment, inclusive of Rs. 710 from the Govor..ment estates improvement fund, and a special grant of Rs. 1,272 sanctioned in 1882 for travelling pundits, was Rs 14,982. The expenditure was Rs. 13,317, of which Rs. 1,507 were spent on 17 upper primary and Rs. 260 on 3 girls' schools, Rs. 209 being returned Besides these, Rs. 418 and Rs. 441 rospectively were spent on one boys' school and 2 girls' schools, supported from the grant-in-aid allotment. The total expenditure on primury instructiou from provincial funds was thus Rs. 14,170, the expenditure from private sources being Rs. 11,996. Aided upper primary schools for boys were 18, attended by 583 pupils, against 25 schools and 758 pupils, in the year preceding. Of the 18 upper primaries, one was supported from the grant-in-aid allotment, and 17 were primary fund stipendiary schools. Aided lower primary schools for boys advauced from 249 with 5,324 pupils to 257 attended by 5,871 scholars. There wore, besides these, 80 unaidod luwer primaries for boys, attended by 1,463 pupils, mostly new schools opened with the hope of receiving Government grants. “Private institutions" were j with 633 pupils on their rolls. Of the pupils of school-going age, one in 10 was at school, against I in 13 in the year preceding. Each Sub- Inspector paid, on an average, 304 visits to schools in situ, ond examinod 410 pupils in 13 gatherings. At the upper primary scholarship examination, 6 candidates passed from 5 schools, against 11 candidates froiu 8 schools in 5 other pay:

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 73 PRIMARY EDVUATION. 1883-84, shewing a considerable decline. At the lower primary scholarship examination, 278 boys and 9 girls, from 150 boys and 2 girls' schools, were successful (16 receiving scholarships), against 230 from 121 schools in the year preceding. Eight hundred and two pupils competed from 204 stipendiary and other boys' schools at the reward examinations, of whom 406 from 177 schools succeeded. Amongst those, prizes to the value of Rs. 502 were distributed, the teachers receiving Rs. 737 in the shape of rowards. 194. Lohardugga.--Area in square miles 12,045; population 1,609,244 ; number of Sub-Inspectors 3, besides the education clerk, who also works as a Sub-Inspector, in addition to his own duties. Primary allotment Rs. 15,114, inclusive of Rs. 622 from the Government estatos improvement fund, and Rs. 492 paid through the Commissioner. Expenditure Rs. 14,878, of which Rs. 1,568 were spent on 19 upper primaries for boys and Rs. 112 on 3 girls' upper primary schools, Rs. 668 being returned as other payments.” Besides the above, Rs. 800 were spent on 3 upper primary schools for girls from the grantin-aid allotment. The total Government expenditure on primary instruction was thus Rs. 15,678, the outlay from private sources amounting to Rs. 13,204. Aided upper primaries were 19, attended by 1,106 pupils, at the close of the year, against 18 schools and 1,004 pupils in the year preceding. One of these schools with 15 pupils was paid by rewards, and the rest were stipendiary schools. Lower primaries for boys aided by Government advanced from 287 with 9,568 pupils to 348 attended by 10,700 children. Unaided lower primaries for boys were 107 with 2,225 pupils, and for girls 3 with 120 female children. Private schools were 46, attended by 566 pupils. Of the children of school-going age, ono in 8-3 was at school. Each Sub-Inspector, on an average, paid 421 visits to primary schools in situ, and examinod 76 pupils at gatherings. Sixteen schools sent up 52 pupils for the last upper primary scholarship examination, of whom 32 passed from 15 schools. The number of successful schools and scholars were 15 and 25 rospectively in 1883-84. At the lower primary scholarship examination 165 schools competed with 384 candidates, of whom 257 passed from 123 schools, 10 obta ning scholarships, against 119 successful schools and 179 pupils in the year preceding. At the reward examinations, 5 schools sent up 98 candidates, of whom all passed by one or the other standard, and earned prizes for themselves and rewards for their teachers, which amounted to Rs. 12 and Rs 89 respectively-in all to Rs. 101. The Deputy Commissioner, Colonel Samuells, strongly supports the stipendiary system for his district. 195. Singbhoom.--Area in square miles, 4,336; population 501,964 ; number of Sub-Inspectors 2. Primary grant Rs. 11,460, inclusive of Rs. 460 from the Government ostates improvement fund. Expendituro Rs. 11,413. The amount spent therefrom on 8 upper primary schools was Rs. 552, on 1 middle vernacular Rs. 65, and on 49 lower primary girls' schools Rs. 1,931, while Rs 1,264 were “ other payments.” Rupees 406 were spent on 3 upper, and Rs. 357 on 7 lower primary schools for boys, in addition to Rs. 322 spent on 2 upper primary schools for girls, which were paid from the grant-in-aid allotment. A further sum of Rs. 340 was spent from model school grants on two departmental upper primary schools. The total amount of expenditure on all classos of primary schools from the provincial revenues was thus Rs. 12,838, while the private expenditure was Rs. 5,662. Aided upper primaries for boys were 11 during the year, attonded by 825 children, against 8 with 621 pupils in the year preceding. Lower primary boys' schools receiving Govornmont aid rose from 150 with 7,140 students, to 172 with 8,531 children on their rolls. Of those, 3 upper and 7 lower primaries, attended respoctively by 248 and 177 pupils, were aided from the grant-in aid allotment, and tho rest were all primary fund schools. The other schools that were supported from the primary fund were one middle vernacular for boys with® 102 pupils and 49 girls' lower primaries attended by 1,719 pupils. The total number of schools receiving aid from the primary fund was therefore 223 with 10,752 pupils on their rolls. Besides these, there were 2 upper primary grant-in-aid schools for girls attended by 88 pupils. All the 223 schools supported from the primary grant in this district have been returned as “rewarded" schools. These rewards have, , however, been merely_stipends paid on the basis of attendance and progress, as in the districts of Hazareebagh and Lohardugga. Unaided primaries for boys were 49 with 1,220 pupils, and for girls 6 attended by 129 students. K ·74 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR PRIMARY EDUCATION “Private institutions" were 3 with a roll number of 44. Of boys of school. going age, 1 in 3:3 is at school against one in five in the previous year. The Sub-Inspectors paid 594 visits to primary schools in sits. To the upper primary scholarship examination were sent 66 boys and 1 girl-in all 67 candidates-from 12 boys and 1 girls-in all 13 schools--of whom the girl and 18 boys were successful. Five more candidates appeared from the upper primary department of the Chaibassa zilla school, all of whom passed successfully. At the lower primary scholarship exainination, 349 boys and 39 girls appeared from 87 boys' and 6 girls' schools. Of these, 257, viz. 235 male and 26 female candidates, were successful, 10 boys and 4 girls being entitled to scholarships. The number of successful schools and of pupils in the year preceding were 9 and 20 respoctively at the upper, and 44 and 126 at the lower, primary scholarship examination. 196. TRIBUTARY STATES OF CHOTA NAGPORE.- Area in square miles 15,471; population 569,813. Operations have not commenced, Government being unwilling to sanction a grant, on the ground that the political status of the states is as yet undecidod. No statistics were received in the Commissioner's office for the year under review. The Deputy Inspector of Lohardugga has, however, furnished the following statistics of the Bisrampur school in Surguja. The school is supported by Maharaja Raghunath Singh Bahadur, who is himself the secretary to the institution. The languages taught are Hindi and Urdu. There were on the 31st of March last 36 pupils on the rolls, of whom 32 were Hindus and 4 Mahomedans. All these were the children of agriculturists : 26 could read from a printed book and 10 could not. The Maharaja's expenditure on the school amounted during the year to Rs. 600. 197. ORISSA DIVision.--Of the boys of school-going age one in 2:1 is at school. Primary schools for boys were 9,356 with 121,220 pupils against 8,920 with 104,953 in the preceding year. The upper primaries numbered 219 with 5,88+ pupils against 203 with 5,344 pupils, and the lower primaries rose from 8,717 schools with 99,609 pupils to 9,137 schools with 115,336 pupils. Upper primaries do not as yet receive a fair share of the primary grant in Balasore. Of the primary fund schools, only 50 receive fixed monthly stipends; the rest are rowarded schools. The only difference between the system of administering primary schools in vogue in the three districts is the way in which pass examinations are conducted in Balasore and Pooreo on the one hand and Cuttack on the other. In Pooree and Balasore success in the pass examination depends on the candidates obtaining a certain percentage of the aggregate marks assigned to all subjects. In Cuttack a different system is followed, each subject having a separate examination of its own in which the candidates are passed in tho higher or lower grades, according to the degree of proficiency they may have respectively attained in that subject. This difference will cease to exist with the enforcement of the recent departmental orders in connection with the conduct of the reward oxaminations. The special measures in connection with the administration of primary education in the two districts of Cuttack and Pooree are those that relato to the establishment of girls' schools, and night schools for adult day-labourers. Cuttack has taken the lead in both those matters, as also in establishing schools for the instruction of backward races. In Pooree no schools of the last-mentioned kind have as yet been started. The district nevertheless must be credited with having shown a commendable degroe of activity in developing its system of girls' schools and night schools. 198. Cuttack.-- Population 1,795,065. An additional grant of Rs 3,000 was sanctioned during the year under report. The primary allotment was Rs. 29,893, inclusive of khas mehal grants. The expenditure was Rs. 29,889, of which Rs. 16,852 were spent on lower primary schools, Rs. 3,151 on upper primary schools, and Rs. 5,592 in making payments to 40 inspecting pandits. Upper primary schools were 101 with 2,968 pupils against 100 with 2,991 pupils in the preceding year. Of these 3 were Governinent, 4 grant-in-aid, 75 primary grant, 14 municipal, and 5 unaided schools. The lower primaries numbered 4,547 with 58,897 pupils against 4,682 with 50,022 pupils in the preceding year. Of these 3,850 were primary grant and 697 unaided schools. The Sub-Inspectors paid 2,500 visits in situ to the lower primaries. Of the boys of school-going age, one in 2 is at school. At the reward examination 29,704 pupils appeared from 3,800 ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 75 PRIMARY EDUCATION schools, of whom 19,811 from 3,694 schools earned rewards for their abadhans. At the lower primary scholarship examination 1,923 pupils appeared from 802 schools, and 1,182 from 488 schools were successful. At the upper primary scholarship examination 240 candidates from 68 schools competed, and 183 from 59 schools passed. Of the total number of lower primarios 1,146 with 20,009 have reached the lower primary scholarship standard ; 3,214 with 37,114 are below that standard, but read printed books; and 1,774 pupils belonging to 187 schools read as yet no printed books. The special measures inaugurated during the past year in connection with the administration of the primary grant aro-(1) the abolition of the chief abadhan system and the appointment of additional inspecting pandits ; (2) the institution of rewards to stable and well-attended patshalas whose average attendance was not less than 20; (3) the offer of stipends to schools for girls and low caste pupils and to night schools for adult day-labourers; and (4) the exclusion from the reward examination of pathsalas which had less than 8 pupils, and which had not been in existence for six months during the year. Mr. "Currie, the Magistrate, regrets that the attendance registers cannot be trusted, but finds it difficult to suggest any way of making them trustworthy. He is also sorry to see that the people should reduce their subscriptions when Government aids the abadhans. 199. Pooree.- Population 808,487. Primary grant raised from Rs. 14,261 to Rs. 14,844, inclusive of the khas mehal grant. The whole of this grant was expended. Rs. 3,672 were spent on 64 upper primary schools, Rs. 7,619 on lower primarios, and Rs. 1,802 on the salaries of 12 inspecting pundits. Upper primary schools, for both boys and girls, were 76 with 1.877 pupils, against 70 witń 1,767 pupils. Of those 2 wore Government, 4 circle fund, 3 grantin-aid, 64 primary grant, and 3 unaided schools. The lower primaries numbered 2,396 with 22,013 pupils against 1,968 with 17,726 pupils in the preceding year. Of these 1,906 were primary grant and 490 unaided schools. The Sub-Inspectors paid €63 visits in situ to the lower primaries. Of the boys of school-going age, 1 in 2:7 is at school. At the reward examinations 12,616 candidates appeared from 1,899 schools, of whom 8,005 from 1,886 schools earned rewards. For the lower primary scholarship examination, 397 schools sent up 1,767 candidates, of whom 1,336 from 382 schools wero successful. At the upper primary scholarship examination, 190 pupils competed from 61 schools, of whom 146 from 57 schools succeeded in passing. Of tho lowor primaries returned on 31st March last, the full primary scholarship course is taught in 416 schools attended by 4,996 pupils ; 1,668 with 14,459 pupils are reported to have reached an intermediate stage of development; and 312 with 2,558 pupils are in a rudimentary stage, using no printed books. The special measures in connection with the administration of the primary system were the establishment of 12 night schools and 6 girls' schools. The night schools, numbering 14 in all, had an aggregate attendance of 160 pupils. Those schools have been roturned as lower primaries. 200. Balusorc.-- Population 945,280. "Primary allotment Rs. 20,827, of which Rs. 600 were from the estates improvement fund Expenditure Rs. 20,327, of which 2,478 were spent on 37 upper primaries, Rs. 8,357 on lower primaries, and Rs 6,289 on the salaries of 43 inspecting pandits. Upper primary schools for both boys and girls were 42 with 1,039 pupils against 40 with 964 pupils. Of these $7 were primary grant, 3 grant-in-aid, and 2 unaided schools. Lower primaries were 2,240 with 35,280 pupils against 2,092 with 32,420 pupils in the previous year. Of the former, 1,695 were primary grant, 18 grant-in-aid, and 527 unaided schools. The Sub- Inspectors paid 898 visits in situ to the lower primaries. Of the boys of school-going age, ono in 1.9 is at school. At the reward examinations 15,359 candidates competed from 1,753 schools, and 8,920 from 1,648 schools were successful. At the lower primary scholarship oxamination 1,563 candidates appeared from 505 schools. Of these 832 from 413 schools were successful. At the upper primary scholarship examination 101 pupils appeared from 37 schools, of whom 65 from 30 schools succeeded in passing. Of the lower primaries returned for the year under review, 563 schools, with 10,769 pupils, teach the full lower primary scholarship course, and 1,677 schools attended by 24,521 pupils impart instruction of a lower standard, though using printed books. K 2 ·76 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR PRIMARY KDUCATION 201. OBISSA TRIBUTARY MEHALS.Area 16,034 square miles. Population 1,571,045. The schools rose from 1,060 to 1,151, and their pupils from 13,667 to 14,836. There were 37 upper and 1,086 lower primaries with 1,250 and 12,621 pupils respectively. There were also 4 middle English, and 8 middle vernacular scbools with a total number of 747 pupils. There were in addition to 1 special school with 15 pupils, 11 private schools with 131 pupils, and 4 girls' schools with 72 pupils. There are 5 Sub-Inspectors, and 6 inspecting pundits, who paid 2,383 visits to schools in situ. I he total expenditure on education was Rs. 59,364, of which Government contributed Rs. 8,122. At the middle English scholarship examination the Baripada and Dhenkanal schools presented 7 candidates, of whom 4 passed in the 1st and 3 in the 2nd division, At the middle vernacular scholarship examination 28 candidates appeared from 8 schools, of whom 17 from 6 schools were succossful. At the upper primary scholarship examination the 69 candidates appeared from 26 schools, and 47 from 21 schools passed the examination. Out of 294 candidates from 103 schools presented at the lower primary scholarship examination, 187 from 91 schools were successful. There are altogether 260 girls under instruction, of whom 188 are in schools for boys, and only 72 aro taught in special schools established for their benefit 202. The rates of reward for success in the pathsala examination in the several states are tabulated below:- RATE OF BEWARDS FOR First standuri. Second standard. Third standard. Fourth standard. STATE, l'upil. Toucher. Pupil. Teacher. Pupil. Teachor. Pupil. Teaober. AB, Ay, ! AB, As. A. As. Ks. A. P. .. 3 8 12 . 8 2 to 3 ... 1 8 1 8 0 0 4 2 to 8 2 to 3 12 2 to 8 ... .. D 6 1...... ... .... Ungool Dhenkanal Mourbhanj Barnbu Ilindol Кңариг Khovdmals Koonjhar 1 ...I I. 8 0 ... I. 1 8 0 ... V. ..... 1.1 ...... .. The average earning of a school from rewards was Rs. 9-14 in Ungool, Rs. 2-7 in Dhenkanal, Rs. 3-13 in Mourbhanj, Rs. 2-1 in Baramba, Re. 1.6 in Hindol, and Rs. 2-1 in Kanpur. In the Khondmals a teacher gets Rs. 2-8 as reward for every pupil who successfully passes the lower primary scholarship examination from his school. No such rewards are given in Keonjhar. Cash payments to pupils have been entirely discontinued in Ungool, prize books being given in lieu thereof. Most of the other states have adopted a similar plan. 203. The results of the examination aro embodied in tho table which follow& Wew NTXOBBR OP NUMBER OF CANDI. DATK8. VUMBER PASSED IN THE First standard, Second standard. Third standard. Fourth standard. Total. TATR. Competing acbools. Successful school, Boga, Girls. Boys. . Boy8. Girls. Brys. Girls. "SEOA Girk. Born. Girls, 21 164 131 189 11 lingool Dhankanal Mourbhun) Baramulo Hindua Kanpur Khondruals keonjhar 1203 201 180 28 27 BO 8 84 98 06 ::: A Girls. 035 707 648 98 64 131 126 1,407 22 201 1,000 140 1,756 17 26 188 1931 gum 24 10 210 217 254 7 2 49 1. 1,088 92 2,103 38 1,03617 100 78 180 8 14 10. ....10 ... ... ... . 6 . . Total 086 681 6,889 70 2,298 87 748 7 2 186 3,044 07 204. The systems of administering the primary allotment in the 8 states mentioned in the foregoing table are not exactly alike. In Dhenkanal, Baramba, Hindol, and Ranpur there prevails a payment-by-results system pure and simple.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 77 PRIMARY EDUCATION The stipendiary system is in force in Keonjhar and the Khondmals, the only difference being that in the latter state teachers get money rewards for the success of their pupils in the lower primary scholarship examination. In Mourbhanj and Ungool the method adopted is a combination of the stipendiary and the payment-by-results systems. Of the 1,090 lower primary schools in the Gurjats, 112 have reached the lower primary scholarship course, 511 use printed books and are in an intermediate stage of development, the rest, forming 42 per cent. of the total number, use no printed books at all. 205. The only states in which lower primary schools have met with any encouragement from the chiefs are Mourbhanj, Keonjhar, Ungool, Dhenkanal, Baramba, Lahara, Hindol, Ranpur, and the Khondmals. In the remaining 10 states the lower primary schools owe their existence to the unaided efforts of the people. Most of the schools of the latter description are as yet strangers to printed books. The chiefs of Hindol and Ranpur have of late evinced a commendable interest in the progress of primary education in their respective killahs. There are 3 Christian schools in the Tributary States, viz. 1 in Nilgiri and 2 in the Athagar, supported by contribution from mission funds. Ono of them is a girls' school. Of the 73 stipendiury schools, 20 in the Khondmals were established for the oducation of Khonds, 15 in Keonjhar are Bhuyan schools, and about a dozen in Mourbhanj aro attended by pupils belonging to aboriginal races, such as Sontals, Purans, &c. The stipondiary system is the only system that has any chance of success amongst primitive racos, who have no indigenous education of their own. VI.-SPECIAL INSTRUCTION. 206. Under this head are included (a) training schools for teachers; () all other institutious of professional, technical, and industrial education. The figures for 1883-84 and 1881-85 are compared in the following table INSTBUCTION, 1883-84. 1884-86. CLASS OF INSTITUTIONS. Schools. Pupils. Schooly. Pupils. 22 1,090 22 1,083 ... Training schools for masters Ditto for mistresses 3 117 3 102 School of art 1 139 1 167 ... Law schools 9 664 8 649 . ... 6 722 7 804 *** 6 354 6 320 Medical schools Engineering and surveying schools Industrial schools ... Madrasas Other schools .. 144 .. 5 172 7 1,323 ... 11 1,388 705 . 5 168 98 6,318 67 4,843 207. Training schools are 25 in number, as in the previous year, The Chaibassa school has been abolished, but a new training class has been attached to the Saidabad model school. Law schools have been reduced to eight by the abolition of the Law Department of the Presidency College. A now hommopathic school has sprung up at Dacca. There is a large increaso of pupils in the Government school of art. The decrease of the number of pupils in some of the other institutions is accounted for by the fact that the date of the opening of the session has been changed. The increase in industrial schools is explained by the foundation in the course of the year of the Mahisadal industrial school in Midnapore. This school owes its existonce to the public spirit of the zemindars of Mahisadal. Though shewn under special instruction, madrasas will be considered under the head of Mahomedan education.

·7-8 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR SPECIAL DNSTRUCTION. 208. There is a large apparent decrease this year under the bead of "other schools." This is explained by the fact that last year 35 kyoungs in the Chittagong district were erroneously included under this head. It was stated in last year's report that they would come this year under the head of unaided private institutions. The fivo" other schools” this year are three music schools and two Sanskrit schools. The jail reformatory school at Hazaribagh has been excluded this year. (a) TRAINING SCHOOLS. 209. The following table gives the most important figures with regard to these institutions- EXPENDITURY CLASS OP INSTITUTION8. Nuraber of schools. Numher of pupils. From publio revenue From private source. Total. Re. Ra. Ra. Govorp ment truining schools For masters ... ... .. ... 16 664 046,992 659 67,651 Aided training schools For masters ... 6 129 8,630 13,14 18.6188 mistresses 3 .. 102 4,828 9,688 > 14,816 Total 25 1,185 77,169 23,491 1,00,850 Last year there were 25 schools with 1,207 pupils, and the expenditure was Rs. 99,257, of which Government contributed Rs. 75,548. 210. Government training schools. There are now 16 training schools, the abolition of the Chaibassa school having, as stated above, been componsated by the establishment of the now training class at the Saidabad model school in Moorshedabad. The Ghatsilla training class is now represented by the Haldipukar training school. As stated in last year's report, first grade training schools prepare students through a three yoars' course, second grade schools through a two years' course, and third grade schools are intended for the training of gurus during a course lasting ordinarily six months or a year. The first grado training schools this year are those of Calcutta, Hooghly, Dacca, Chittagong, Rungpore, Patna, Ranchi, and Cuttack: there is a secind grade school at Julpigoree, and the third grado training schools are at Motihari, Pooree, Balasore, Palamow, Haldipukar, Ungool, and Saidabad. As the vernacular mastership examination was held in April, the results cannot be given in the present report. 211. There is a difficulty in connection with the training school system, which was touched upon in last year's report, and is engaging the attention of the department at the present time. It is found that many passed students of our training schools do not adopt the profession of teaching. This has been observed by Mr. Metcalfe in Orissa. He remarks: “ The three normal schools train about 84 gurus-a number lamentably inadequate to the requirements of primary education in Orissa. A palpable defect of the present system of training gurus consists in the fact that a large proportion of them sever all connection with their pathsalas when they aro drafted to the normal schools for training, and after completing their education, seek some other profession. The revenue settlement seems to hold out groat attractions to passed abadhans. The contemplated establishment of guru classes in connection with middle schools seems to offer the best solution of the difficulty." The Deputy Inspector of Schools, Furreedpore, asserts that “at present a great deal of the money we spend on our normal schools is really spent on creating a batch of mukhtears every year," and suggests that a rule should be passed to the effect that any one ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 79 8P'KOIAL INSTRUCTION accepting a training school stipend should bind himself to serve at least three years in the Education Department. Dr. Martin says that when he was in Assam he worked a system of agreements with students of normal schools, by which they bound themselves on stamped paper to serve in the department for three years after leaving the normal school, failing which they were to refund to the department all the money which they received in the form of stipends while reading in the school. This system is in accordance with the provisions of the Code for European Schools, and reasonable in itself, and most of the Inspectors seem to think that some such scheme should be introduced, if possible. It appears, however, that the same proposal was made some years ago, and the scheme was, after discussion, dropped as impracticable. It must be admitted that it is scarcely worth Government's while to keep up normal schools, if a large number of the pupils render no service as teachers. At the same time it is fair to say that the evil does not appear to make itself felt so much in other parts of Bengal. 212. The Hooghly training school. There were 110 pupils on the rolls on the 31st March last, against 109 on the same date in the previous year. Of this total, 33 are from Burdwan, 20 from Bankoora, 19 from Midnapore, eight from Beerbhoom, an equal number from Hooghly, and the rest from Nuddea, Moorshedabad, Howrah, Khulna, Rajshahye, and Jessoro. In the third-year class there were 21 students, in the second-year 53, and in the first-year 30. The number of stipendiary pupils was 95, of whom two-both pupil teachers-receivod fiverupee scholarships, 11 four-rupee scholarships, and 82 three-rupee scholarships. As the last academical session was prolonged from 12 to 16 months, and the final examination did not take place till after the conclusion of the official year, none of the students received appointments during the period under report. The expenditure upon the school was Rs. 10,587, and the total cost to Government Rs. 10,530. 213. Calcutta training school.—The number of students has decreasod from 78 to 69. Of these, 19 were from the 24.Pergunnahs, three fron. Jossore, seven from Khulna, throe from Nuddea, and the rest from districts outside the Presidency Division. The late head-master, Baboo Gopal Chundra Banerji, retired on the 1st January last, after holding his post for 25 yeurs, and was succeeded by Baboo Nunda "Lall Das, who was relieved by Baboo Jadu Nath Mookerji on the 31st March 1885. The expenditure on the school was Rs. 11,064, of which Rs. 10,775 were paid by Government. This year tho Officiating Presidency Inspector has taken the precaution of making Doputy Inspectors send to the school a fair proportion of noininees from their respective districts, selected from the boys who stood highest in the middlo vernacular scholarship examination. Only two stipends have been given to students from other divisions admitted to the first-year class. It is hoped that these measures will do something to clock the abuses indicated in last year's report. 214. Dacca training school.- There were on the 31st of March 76 students, against 81 on the same date in tho previous year. The falling off in thenumber is owing to the fact that on account of the change in the date of the examinations no new admissions were made in January, February, and March. In future the session will begin in June, instead of January. Of the 76 pupils, 30 belong to the Dacca district, 19 to Backergunge, six to Furreedporo, six tó Mymensingh, 11 to Tipperah, two to Pubna, and one each to Khulna and Sylhet. Thirty-six belong to the middle classes of society with incomes over Rs. 200 a year, and 40 come from the poorer classes. The receipts of the school amounted to Rs. 198, and the expenditure to Rs. 8,970. 215. Chittagong training school. The number of students on the 31st of March was 54, as in the previous year. The head-master reports that the number has remained stationary owing to the change in the commencement of the session. Of the 54 pupils, 45 belonged to the Chittagong district, six to Noukholly, two were from Tipperah, and one from Dacca. Three boys took admission during the year, against 22 in the previous year. The number of students that left the school was three, against 11 in the previous year. One left with an appointment from the second-year class, and the other two withdrow on account of illness. On account of the change in the time fixed for the examination, no examination was held in the year under report. The establishment has risen from Rs. 255 to Rs. 350 a month, principally on account of ·80 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR XPECIAL INSTAUCTION. -- increments in the salaries of the teaching staff, and the appointment of an additional master. 216. Rungpore training school. The number of pupils of both classes--pundit and guru-was the same as last year: there were 13 in the third-year class, eight in the second-year class, 13 in the first-year class, and 11 in the guru class. There were 23 Hindus and 11 Mahomedans in the pundit classes, and two Hindus and 9 Mahomedans in the guru class. All the guru class but one came from Rungpore; while of the pundit pupils, nine came from Rungpore, three from Bogra, five from Rajshahye, eight from Pubna, and 11 from districts outside the division. None came froni the Dinagopore district. The total cost of the school was Rs. 5,202, or about Rs. 438 per mensem. There has been no vernacular mastership examination during the year under report, but nine pupils of the guru class appeared at the pass examination, and six passed. 217. Patru training school. - The Patna training school is the only school of its kind to whichi an English Department is attached. The head-master and the Inspector recommend the abolition of the English Department, both in the training school and the attached model school. The latter remarks that the supply of English teachers for middle schools can be better met from the existing higher class English schools, for which a better class of men can be got. The number on the roll was 80, against 90 in the preceding year. The sanctioned number of stipendiaries in the English Department is 21, and in the vernacular 80; but in spite of every attempt to induce pupils to join the school, many stipends have not been taken up, and there were on the 31st March 1885 only 12 stipend-holders in the English and 68 in the Vernacular Depurtuont. The Inspector would raise the stipends for the first-year class from Rs. 3 to Rs. 4 a month, out of the saving effectod by the abolition of the English Department, and by a reduction in the number of stipends. Of the 80 pupils, 20 were from Patna, 18 from Sarun, 11 from Mozufferpore, 10 from Shahabad, and the rest from other districts of the l'atna and Bhagulpore Divisions, with the exception of five, who camo from the North-West Provinces : 18 were Mahomodans and 62 Hindus. The expenditure was Rs. 11,548, against Rs. 12,157 the ycar before : the fees were Rs. 578, against Rs 633 in 1883.84. 218. Cuttack training school.—The Pundit Department of the Cuttack normal school had 35 pupils on its rolls on the 31st March last. Of these, 24 were normal scholarship-holders, four vernacular scholarsliip-holders, and the rest paying pupils. Of the 35 pundit students, 19 belong to Cuttack, seven to Pooree, one to Balasore, and cight to the Tributary States. Twenty of them are Brahmans. It is observed that the ex-students of middle schools in the Balasoro district generally prefer to join tho Cuttack medical school. The boardinghouse attached to the school had 23 boarders, and their general health during the year was good. During the year six gurus obtained first and 12 second class certificates. 219. Ranchi truining school.-- This school consisted ever since its foundation in 1876 of a Pundit and a Guru Department, until towards the close of the year under report, when the guru class was broken up. The number of pupils on the rolls was 25 on the 31st March last, against 31 at the close of the proceding year. One of the socond-year students was appointed head-pundit of the guru training school at Haldipukar. Nineteen of the pupils were Hidus and four Mahomeduns. There was one native Christian among them and one Kol, The grant for the year was Rs. 3,750, out of which the total expenditure was Rs. 2,620. The total expenditure includes that on the Guru Department, which was abolished at the end of the year. It is proposed to strengthen further the Ranchi training school, so as to moot fully all the requirements of the division. Twenty pupil gurus appeared at the two half-yearly examinations of the guru department, before it was abolished, and 15 passed, 7 in the first, 6 in the second, and 2 in the third division. 220. Julpigoree training school.—The Julpigoree training school belongs to the second grade. The numbers on the rolls have risen from 26 to 30. Of these, four were in the second-year class, nine in the first-year class, nine in the guru, and eight in the Mech class. The pupils of the second and third year classes have all passed the vernacular scholarship oxamination, and 10 out of the 13 are nativos of Julpigoree. Of the guru elass, six came from Julpigoree, ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 81 SPECIAL INSTRUCTION. two from the Darjeeling Terai, and one from the Bhutan Duars. Of the Mech class, seven are genuine Meches, coming from the Bhutan Duars, and the remain. ing lad is a paharia from the Kurseong sub-division. Of the guru class, nino out of 11 passed the examination. The cost for the year has been Rs. 2,294, or about Rs. 190 per mensem, of which Rs. 123 per mensem were expended in stipends. 221. Motihari training school.- The Motihari training school has been raised to a middle vernacular school, open to the public at large. The course for gurus has been extended to a year and six months for ench class. A new head-master has been appointed. 222. Ponree and Balasore training schools. The guru training school at Pooree had 15 and that at Balasoro 30 students on its rolls at the end of the year. The roll number of the lattor institution has been increased by 15 in consequence of the allotment of so many stipends from the district primary assignment. The boarding-house in connection with the school was also enlarged at a cost of Rs. 993 met from the same sourco. 223. Palamow training school.-- The Doputy Inspector of Schools remarks that “this school has been doing more useful work than was done by the lato guru class of the Ranchi normal school, as most of its passod students are known to accept service as gurus, either in old or new lower primary schools." The number of pupils on the rolls of this school on the last day of the your was 17, against 20 at the close of the preceding year. The expenditure was Rs. 770, against Rs. 739. At the first half-yearly examination held in September, six candidates passed out of 10, and at the examination in March, all the nine candidates who appeared were successful. Six candidates were sent up to the middle vernacular scholarship examination, all of whom were successful. 224. Haldipular training school.-At the beginning of the year under review, the third grade training school at Chaibassa was abolished, and with Rs. 45, being half the amount of the grant thus set free, an additional Sub-Inspector was appointod. The remaining half was utilized in maintaining the Ghatsilla training class, which has since been transferred to Haldipukar, and organized as a third grade training school with a suitable establishment. There were on the 31st of March last 11 pupil toachers on the rolls , of whom six were actual gurus and five candidates for primary masterships. The number on the rolls of the Ghatsilla training class, of which this training school has taken the place, was six on the same date in the previous year. The Government expenditure was Rs. 313. At the first yoarly examination held at Ghutuilla, five out of six candidates gained certificates. At the second examination held at Haldipukar, six out of seven passed. These 11 successful candidates have accepted guruships in Dhalbhoom. 225. Ungool training school.-The Ungool training school had 15 pupils on the last day of the year. It passed in the final guru cxamination all the 29 candidates that it sent up. But it is difficult to induce the passed abadhaus, in spite of the special provision of retaining fees made for thein in this State, to adopt teaching as a profession. There has been no appreciable increase in the number of trained gurus employed in Ungool in the year under report. 226. Saidabad training cluse.--A training class was attached to the Govermont model school in July last. The Government grant, which was withdrawn from that institution, went to meet the expenditure in connection with the new training class. Rs. 20—the Government grant withdrawn from the Kandi model school, supplemented by Rs. 10 given by the Magistrate of Moorshedabad from the primary grant-was utilized in creating ten scholarships of Rs. 3 each. The scholarships are tenable for six months, during which the pupils remain in the school. The training class was attended by 11 grown up pupils, who were in fact village school-masters. At the first half-yoarly examination held in December, eight gurus appeared, and all passed. The total expenditure was Rs. 220. 227. AIDED TRAINING SCHOOLS FOR MASTERS. --Bhimpore Sonthal training school. -The Bhimpore Sonthal training school contains 10$ pupils, of whoin 74 are males and 34 are females, against a total of 104 in the previous year. Tho course of instruction in the male department corresponds with the middle vernacular scholarship standard. At the last vernacular scholarsluip examination four ·82 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR SPECIAL INSTIZICTION, revenues. Sonthal boys appeared, but failed. No tuition fee is charged. No tuition fee is charged. Seventy-five of the pupil teachers receive a diet allowance of from one to four pice daily. The school cost Government Rs. 1,350 last year. 228. Bishenpore training school. This school was removed to Bishonpore from Ghola during the year. It is managed by the Wesleyan Mission. The aid sanctioned last year was Rs. 25 a month. There wore 12 pupils on the roll on the 31st March last. 229. Barrackpore Wesleyan training school.--This school has had a boarding establishment attached to it. The school was attended by 22 pupils, of whom eighteen were Christians and four Hindus. Sixteon of the total number of pupils reached the middle stage, and six the upper primary. The total expenditure was Rs. 4,500, of which Rs. 1,200 came from provincial 230. Kishnughur Church Mission training school.—This training scho for masters bad an attendance of 24 pupils--all native converts--during the year, against 18 in the proceding year. Government expenditure on the school was Rs. 1,200, and the expenditure from mission funds was Rs. 2,010. 231. Ranchi Berlin Mission school. This consists of four departments, viz. the seminary, the upper and lower schools, and the training class. In the seminary pupils are trained for the posts of catechists and ministers, and in the training class for those of teachers in village schools under the inission. The teaching is excellent, music being among other things admirably taught. The houso accommodation, furniture, and discipline are all good. Doubts are, however, expressed as to whether the school should be included amoug training schools, as the training class forms but an insignificant part of the whole school. The number of pupils on the rolls on the 31st of March last was 255-all native Christians-against 238 in the previous year. The expenditure was Rs. 0,863, of which Goverument contributed Rs. 1,200, and Rs. 400 wero collected in fees. 232. The Darjeeling Mission school.--The Superintendent writes as follows- “The average attendance at the normal school has been 11. Recently the stipends had been raised a rupce a month, and this fact coupled with the Rs. 20 (rewards that are provided by the Deputy Coinmissioner) to be awarded to teachers who have been in the steady service of the mission for full four years, will, it is hoped, enable us to keep our students more constant, and ultimately lead to the necessity of keeping a smaller number on the rolls, that is to say, oight constant students will meet the needs of the mission better than tho il inconstant students we have on an average maintained hitherto.” The total cost was Rs. 815, of which Rs. 439 were borne by Goverument. 233. AIDED NORMAL SCHOOLS FOR MISTRESSES.-Tho two aided schools for mistresses in Calcutta are the Church of England Zenana Mission school iu Cornwallis' Square, and the Free Church Mission school in Beadon Strect. The number of pupils in the two schools has declined from 40 to 38. Neither of the schools sends up pupils to any departmental examination. The Church of England Zonana School was attended by 11 pupils, nine of whom were of European descent, and two native Christians. diture during the year was Rs. 7,728, of which Rs. 1,920 were contributed by Government. The school has a boarding establishment, the charge for each boarder being Rs. 15 a month. There are arrangements in the Church of England Zenuna Mission school for teaching up to the entrance standard. The Free Church normal school has passed several pupils at the entrance and F. A. examinations. Last year its success was brilliant at the latter examination. This institution had 27 pupils on its rolls, all of whom were native Christians. The expenditure was Rs. 4,028, of which Government contributed Rs. 1,988. The fee rate is Rs. 2 for day-scholars. 234. The Roman Catholic girls' school at Kishnaghur is a boarding insti. tution, and had 64 pupils on its rolls in the year under report, against 77 in the previous year. The Government grant to the school is Rs. 720. A certi. ticate of honour was awarded to the institution by the Calcutta International Exhibition for its excellent necdlework and embroidery. The object of the institution is to send out toachers in connection with the mission, but it does not teach boyond the upper primary standard. The expen:

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 83 SPECIAL INSTRUCTION (6) OTIER SCHOOLS OF SPECIAL INSTRUCTION. 235. This head includes institutions and departments of institutions teaching law, modicine, and engineering, whether affiliated to the university or not, together with the Calcutta school of art, industrial schools, and other schools of a special character. The usual statistics of the principal institutions are given in the following table- Statement of attendance and expenditure in schools of special instruction in 1884-86. - EXPENDITURE AVERAGE ANNTIAL CORT OF KDUCATING KACK PUPIL.. RENARES. 1.-Law, R. Rs. Rs. Rs. A.P. Rs. A.P. Government law schools. 1 .. 1 37 7 28 0 23 ... .. Hooghly College Krishnaphur Ducos Patna Rujshahye Havenshaw Cuttack... 1,200 377 2.318 2,100 1,009 630 1.000 977 2,918 2,40 1.300 15.30 63 13 8 N? 3 40 00 Surplus love Rs. 3,6537 71 70 00 ... 22 19 .. 1 0 Total 126 103 9,194 9,194 846 Surplus fees Rs. 33,037 Una idod laun schools. 1 Metropolitan institution City College 2016 228 385 217 (Money returns not furnishod.) Ditto dittu 1 Total 524 002 ... TOTAL LAW SCITOOLS 8 19 765 .. JI.MEDICINE. Medical Collego, Calcutta ... 1 132 170 1,40,387 3,777 1,00,164 825 12 10 893 50 Gountament vernacular modical schools. ... .. Senldah Patna INCOR Cuttack JOA 361 1-19 173 165 2015 38,111 17,917 14,830 4,120 4,780 2,870 4,727 . 12,491 20.:'17 19,7058 4.920 020 48 109 128 NO 14 7 247 149 1.7 LB 3 118 9 (Hi 7 . ... Total 1 5,47 75,214 12,377 87,891 1.37 80 .. 100 % 0 Unarded medical schools. Daccu Aomeopathic schools 2 16M 130 2,181 2,181 ..... ... 16 129 TOTAL MEDICAL ACHOOL,8 7 801 R47 2,16,001 24,838 9,331,038 251 8 9 283 44 111.- ENGINEERING, 1 149 160 69,200 4,06A 67,868 4.9 73 Government Engineering Col. loge, Howruh. Gonernment surveying schools. 1 61 1. ... Dacca Patna Cuttuok 2.810 1.970 2,250 653 570) 498 3,395 2,5M 2.74! 05 10 11 55 2 10 3) 98 C6 1 46 6 8 1897 . ... I. 1 ... 67 Total 3 100 10+ 7,060 1,018 8,0881 63 16 2 Municipal surveying school. Ranchi surveying class 16 10 813 312 ... 19) 8 0 be 8 320) 890 70,260 6,798 76,461 12 14 10 . Total engineering schools IV.-ART AND INDUSTRY, Giovernmont school of art, Culcutta. 3 167 145 19,236 3,406 22,042 132 10 7 1561 2 3 Government industrial schools. 36 1 1 Kanchi industrial school Dohreo ditto Total 84 20 1,800 507 1,817 5-10 YS 52 16 0 17 7 8 62 15 0 18 9 11 .... 2 82 08 2,307 33 38 9 10 87 28 ... Aida industrial school. Govindpore ... B 02 80 181 18 6 4 90 3 2 old Unaided industrial schools, Mabiandal Nawadi . I! 08 88 BA, 28 800 120 807 10 11 10 9 4 4 7 1 ... Total 9 106 96 920 090 .... TOTAL ART SCHOOL 8 890 300 21,635 4,418 98,089 700 236. It appears from the above table that the number of law students in Government colleges on thc 31st March has decreased. But the average ·84 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR NIECIAL INSTRUCTION monthly roll number is higher this year, being 163, against 131 in the previous year. The decrease in the number of students on the 31st March is due to the fact that the sessions of the colleges now begin in June. The monthly roll number in the Metropolitan institution has risen from 243 to 385 and in the City College from 148 to 217. The monthly roll number of all law schools has risen from 522 to 765, which shows that the number of students reading law has largely increased. The number of students reading medicine has also increased considerably, as the number on the rolls on the 31st March was 804, against 722 in the previous year, and the average monthly roll nuinber was 847, against 741. This increase is not restricted to the Calcutta Medical College, which is affiliated to the university. There is also an increase in the Government vernacular medical schools at Sealdah, Patna, Dacca, and Cuttack. A second homeopathic school has been started at Dacca. The average monthly roll number of the Engineering College has incroased. There is a slight increase in the monthly roll number of the Government surveying schools. The Government school of art had 157 students, against 139 in the preceding year on the 31st of March, and the average monthly roll number has risen from 106 to 145. Tho average monthly roll number in the art schools has risen from 246 to 309. 237. LAW.–There are now six Government colleges in which instruction is given in law, as tho Presidency College law classes were abolished on the 31st of December 1884. The foes and finos in this department of the Presi. dency College amounted to Rs. 425 only during the nine months of its continuance, and the expenditure on tho salary of tho Professors amounted to Rs 12,600. The total expenditure in the law classes of the Government colleges was therefore Rs. 8,538, taking into account the surplus in the Patna College of Rs. 3,037. The locturers in all the other Government colleges are paid from foes, up to a limit of Rs. 2,400 a year, and the total expenditure on the classes during the year under report amounted to Rs. 9,194. 238. The following table shews the results of the examination for the degree of Bachelor of Law, the number passed being 77 out of 140 candidates. Last year 51 passed out of 92, the percentage of passed candidates being 55 in both year 10 passod in the first division, against eight in 1883-84. years. This Statement showing the results of the examination for the degree of Backelor of Laro. PAONED IN THE Number of curuidutes. Pirut division. Second division, 2 11 . . . Providency College lhoghly Kishnaghur Dacia Patua Rajalahve Ravenshaw ('uttack Metropolitan institution City College 18 9 2 9 11 3 .. 1 5 6 2 . 1 1 ... 31 ... 62 25 ... Total 140 10 07 239. Presirlency Coilege.--Seven students attended these classos during the year. The total cost of educating each scholar to Government was Rs. 330. The classos were abolished on the 31st of December 1884, as stated above, by the orders of Government. 240. Hooghly College. - There were 21 students on the rolls of the college on the 31st of March 1885, against 29 on the same date in tho previous year. The first-year class consisted of 10 and the third-year class of 11: the second. year class had not been formod. Nine candidates went up for the B.L. examination, and four passed: all in the second division. The law locturer, Baboo Shib Nath Banerjee, M.A., B.L., is paid from fee receipts, which amounted this year to Rs. 1,900, against Rs. 2,096 in 1883-84. 241. Kishnaghur College.--In Fobruary last, Baboo Uma Nath Ghoshal applied for and obtained an extension of leave for one year. Baboo Tarapada Banerji continues to officiate as law lecturer.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 85 SPFUTAT. INSTRIOTION. The average monthly number of students in the Law Department in 1884-85 was seven, and the number on the rolls on the 31st March six, against six and five in the preceding year. The lecturer's remuneration was Rs. 377, against Rs. 326 in the previous year. Two candidates appeared at the last B.L. examination, and one passod in tho second division. 242. Dacca College. The number of students on the roll on the 31st of March 1885 was 23, against 27 on the same date of the preceding year. The law lecturer considers that this decrease is due to the fact that the university session now begins in June instead of January. Nine students went up for the B.L. examination, and seven passed-one standing second and another third in order of merit. Ten students went up for the higher grade pleadership examination, and six passed in the first division. Tho expenditure this year was Rs. 2,318, against Rs. 2,411 in the preceding year. 243. Patna College.--Tho number of students was 44, against 53 in the preceding year. Of these, 34 were Hindus and 10 Mahomedans: 35 were Beharis, and nine Bengalis. This falling off is merely temporary, being due to the alteration in the time of the university examinations. Accordingly we find that the avorage roll number during the year was 60. Eleven students appeared at the last B.L. examination, and seven passed-one in the first division and six in the second. The savings in the Law Department after paying the salary of the locturer amounted this year to Rs. 3,637. 244. Rajshahye College.-The number of law students has increased considerably, thero being 25 on the roll at tho end of the year under reviow, against 17' in the preceding year. The average monthly number was 22, against 13. Throe candidates went up for the degree of B.L., and two were successful, passing in the second division. The total remuneration of the law locturer during the year amounted to Rs. 1,569, about half, roughly speaking, being the income of the Rani Monmohini Devi endowment. 245. Ravenshaw College, Cuttack.-Baboo Madhu Sudan Das, M.A., B.L., held the post of law lecturer throughout the year. The number of students on the 31st March was six, against four in the provious your. The average monthly roll number was 9, against 10 in the previous year. One student appeared at the B.L. examination, and passed in the second division. The sum realized by fees was Rs 630, against Rs. 710 last year. 246. Midnapore College. -The number on tho rolls on the last day of the year was two, and the average monthly number 4.8. The students of the secondyear class, who were five in number, completed their loctures in December, and the class ceased to exist in January. This college contains only pleadership classes. 247. Chittagong College.-There were two studonts on the rolls of the firstyear pleadership class, and seven on those of the second year pleadership class on the 31st March last. Tho income from fees amounted to Rs. 420--the highest figure that hus been reached since the re-establishment of the pleadership classes in 1879. 248, `Metropolitan Institution--The total number of students has fallen from 311 to 296, but the average monthly roll number has risen from 243 to 386. For the B.L. examination 62 candidatos appeared, and 31 passed, three of whom were in the first division. 249. City College - Tho number of students attending the law classos has risen from 150 in the preceding year to 228. The law classes have been under the tuition of Mr. O. C. Dutt, barrister-at-law, and Baboo Upendra Nath Mitra, M.A., BL. Twenty-five students appeared for the B.L. examination, of whom eight passod-two in the first division and six in the second. 250. MEDICINE.-The total number of students of medicine has increased from 722 to 804. The average monthly roll number is 847. In the Medical College the number has risen from 117 to 132, and there is an increase in the four vernacular schools at Sealdah, Patna, Dacca, and Cuttack, the total number of students in these institutions being 547, against 461 in the previous year.

·86 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR SPECIAL INSTRUOTION, 251. Medical College. The following changes took place in the staff of the college-Mr. W. T. Woods resumed charge of his duties as Lecturer on Dentistry on the 12th September. Dr. J. Anderson returned from furlough on the 8th of December, rolieving Mr. J. Wood-Mason; but he took sick leave for nine months on the 21st of February, and Mr. J. Wood-Mason was again appointed to officiate in the Chair of Comparative Anatomy and Zoology. Dr. R. Harvey went on furlough for 200 days, and Dr. C. H. Joubert was appointed to officiate as Profes. sor of Midwifery and Obstetric Physician. Dr. D. D. Cunningham having been deputed as special assistant to the Sanitary Commissioner with the Government of India, the Chair of Pathology has been made over to Dr. L. A. Waddlo as a temporary arrangement. At the close of the session, Dr. Chandra returned from furlough and relieved Dr. McConnell. Dr. G. King returned from furlough on the 20th October 1881. The session opened with 117 students ; 14 students of previous years rejoined the classes, and there were 86 new admissions. We have thereforo a total of 217 students, against 197 in the preceding year. Of the 86 new and the 14 readmitted students, the 10 who had obtained the highest number of marks in the F.A. and B.A. examinations received froe studentships; 56 enrolled themselvos as paying or matriculated students, 13 entered as casual or non-matriculated students, and 21 joined the hospital approntice class. At the close of the sossion one senior scholar and 13 paying students passed their final L.M.S. and M.B. examinations, 29 hospital apprentices passed and left for regimental duties, while two senior and four junior scholars, 29 paying and seven free students ceased to attend. The strongth of the college at the close of the session was therefore 132, against 117 in tho previous year. There were thrco female students on the rolls on the 31st March 1885, Mrs. Kadambini Ganguli, Bidhumukhi Bose, and Virginia Mary Mitter. All three are holders of special scholarships of the valuo of Rs. 20 a month. For the first M.B. examination 27 candidatos were registered, and of these, 13 passed in the second division. For the second M.B. examination thero were 20 candidates, of whom 11 passed in the second division. For the first L.M.S. examination there were nine candidates, of whom three passed. For the second L.M.S. examination thero were five candidates, of whom three passed, Thus 44 per cent. passed the first examinations, against 50, 30, and 30 per cent. in the previous three years; and 56 per cent. passed the final cxaminations, against 25, 39, and 38 per cent. Two native dhais passed in midwifery, against throe of last year, and received certificates of qualification, and eight pupil nurses passed out as inidwivos, against six in 1884-85. Surgeon F. C. Chatterjee, M.D., gave Rs. 5,000 in 4 per cent. Government securities to be awarded to the student of the fourth-year (with the exclusion of European and native Christians) who does best in Practical and Theoretical Histology, Normal and Morbid. Dr. Bholanath Bose bequeathed to the college several scientific instruments and medals, and Rs. 1,000 in Government securities, the interest of which is to bo appropriated to a prize to be given in alternate years to the best of tho fourth-year matriculated students in bedside diagnosis of medical and surgical cases. The Maharani Svarnamayi of Cossim Bazar gave Rs. 1,50,000 to build a hostel for female students. The foundation stone of this building was laid in March last by Her Excellency the Countess Dufferin. The expenditure during year under report was Rs. 1,50,164, against Rs. 1,54,239 in the preceding year. The fees wero Rs. 9,777, against Rs. 8,129 in 1883-84. Eighty-two new books have been added to the library. A new dissecting-room has been sanctioned, but not yet built. 252. Campbell medical school, Sealdah. Dr. S. Coull "Mackenzie has been Superintendent throughout the year.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 87 ARNOIAL INSTRUCTION, and the expen- The number of students who attended the school during the year was 207, against 190 in 1883-84, and 170 in the preceding year. There were 118 at the beginning of the session: 77 were admitted during the year, 10 were readmitted, and two were transferred from the Dacca medical school. Of 58 first-year students, who were in the school about the end of the session, 55, or 94.82 per cent., obtained sufficient marks to entitle them to promotion to the second class, against 96.42 per cent. during the provious year. The three first-year students who failed were removed from the school. Of 62 second-year students who went up for the First License examination, 57, or 91.93 per cent. passed, against 98.14 per cent. in the previous year. Of the five unsuccessful students, two were rejected in anatomy and three in niateria modica. Fifty-six students of the third and fourth year were left in the school at the end of the year. They were all permitted to appear for the second or final License examination, and all of them passed. Six of the seven students who failed during 1883-84 in only one subject, and who were permitted to reappear in three months, passed on the 2nd June 1884. Some valuable books have been presented to the library by Surgeon- General A. J. Payne. The books issued to the staff of the school and hospital have been returned in excollent condition. At the end of the session of 1883-84, there were two students in the compounders' class, and in June 1884 they passed the required examination. Two Eurasian and 10 native students were admitted at the beginning of the present session. The usual examinations for compounders were held in April and October. In April 24 passed out of 27, and in October 26 out of 29. The percentage of candidates from the mofussil was larger than formerly, though the sections of the Calcutta Municipal Act requiring compounders to be legally qualified do not apply to mofussil municipalities. During the yoar 15 licentiates of the school have been admitted into Government service. The income was Rs. 4,780, against Rs. 4,119 in last yoar, diture was Rs. 42,891, against Rs. 41,624. 253. Dacca medical school.--Surgeon-Major A. Crombie continued to be Superintendent throughout the year except from the 14th of February to tho 9th of March 1885, when Surgeon J. B. Gibbon officiated. There were at the close of the session 149 on the rolls, namely, seven fourth-year, 34 third-year, 45 second-year, and 63 first-year students, against 131 in the previous year. Of 41 candidates for the junior diploma examination, 34 passed, tho same number as in last year: Of 41 candidates for the final examination, 31 passed and received their diplomas as civil hospital assistants. The receipts from fees were Rs. 4,727, against Rs. 3,390 in the previous year. The expenditure was Rs. 19,563, against Rs. 19,621 in the previous year. The Superintendent is not satisfied with the school building, which consists of three thatched rooms and a long shed. A groat part of the compound is occupied by the Executive Engineer as a storeyard. 254. Temple medical school, Bankiporc. - The session opened with 211 students, and at the close of the year there remained 151 including six Naypore students-one in the third year and fivo in the first. Of the 31 third-year students, 16 were stipend-holders, and of the 46 second-year students, 20 were stipend-holders. Among the 74 first-year students were five stipend-holders from Nagpore, and one middle vernacular scholarship-holder from Bhopal. Eleven free studentships were awarded in the first-year class from October 1884 to March 1885, and a sum of Rs. 66 was credited to Government towards their cost, met from the interest derived from the investment in favour of the school in the hands of the Accountant-General of Bengal. Of the 46 second-year students, 35 passed successfully. Of the 31 thirdyear students, 16 (the Nagpore student being one of them) obtained diplomas. The receipts from fees were Rs. 2,761. 255. Cuttack medical school.-Surgeon-Major W. D. Stewart was in charge of the school throughout the year. The number of students was 35, as in last year, 12 in the junior class, 12 in the second, and 11 in the third. Twelve candidates presented themselves for the junior examination, and ten passed. Eleven candidates presented themselves ·88 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR SPECIAL INSTRUCTION, for the final examination, and all passed, obtaining licenses qualifying them for third class hospital assistants, or to become ordinary native medical practitioners. During the nine years that this school has existed, 64 students have passed out from it, and are employed in different parts of Bengal, Orissa, and the native States between it and Sumbulpore. Their conduct has been, with scarcely an exception, satisfactory. Mr. Motcalfo remarks that great credit is due to Dr. Stewart for his able and efficient supervision of this institution. 256. Dacca homeopathic schools.--The popularity of the homeopathic school, which was started in 1882-83, has led to the establishment of a second such institution in 1884-85. The two schools have 168 pupils, and cost Rs. 2,184, which were collected in the shape of fees. After a throe-years' course, the pupils are considered qualified to practiso, and may expect to earn an income of Rs. 30 to Rs. 50 a month. 257. ENGINEERING.-The institutions for teaching engineoring and surveying are the Engineering College at Soobpore, near Howrah, the three Guvernmient survey schools at Dacca, Patna, and Cuttack, and the Ranchi survoy class for the training of amins. The number of students in theso institutions on the 31st March, which rose last yoar from 328 to 354, has now declined to 320. The falling off, which is pretty ovenly distributed over all of thoni, appears to be due to the change in the date for the opening of the session. The average monthly roll number has slightly increased. 258. Engineering College, Seebpore.— The following changes took place in the staff of the college during the year. Mr. J. S. Slator returned from furlough in November, relieving Mr. A. 11. Mason, who rejoined the Public Works Department. Mr. J. T. Simpson, Executive Engineer, took over charge of the workshops from Mr. J. C. Coxe in December. The number of students in the Engineering Department on the 31st of March 1885 wus +2. Of these, 20 were in the first year cluss, 16 in the second, five in the third, and one in the fourth. The apprentico class contained 107, distributed as follows-Twenty-five in the first year class, 35 in the second, 27 in the third, 13 in the fourth, and seven in the senior. Owing to the alteration in the dates of the university examinations, no students, except those who had previously failed. were qualified to appear at the L.C.E. and B.C.E. cxaminations held in August last. Five students from the Engineering Department of this college passed tho first examination in engineering in August last , and they have been promoted in June 1885 to the fourth-year class. One failed, who has rejoined the third- The final examination of the fourth-year class of the apprentice department was held in July 1881. Twelve students presented themselves, and eight wero allowed to pass; two belonging to the "civil overseor” class have gone to Akra to learn practical brick-making, one has left the college with an appointment in Assam, and the remaining five are going througli their 18 months' training in the workshops. The departmental engineering cxaminations have been done away with by the Pullic Works Department, and no examination for fourth grade accountants was held during the year, the date having been changed to the first Monday in June. Ono sub-overseer's and one overseer's certificato were granted to students on leaving the college. One wing of the new buildings for native students has been completed, but has not yet been handed over to the Principal of the college. The native dining hall and cook-room are almost finished. Two iron tanks for storing driuking-water have been erected. Two hundred and seventeen volumes were added to the library during the year. Eighty-five volumes wure purchased, 25 presented, and the remaining 107 were transferred from the library of the late Dehree training school. Mr. Mondy is engaged in making a catalogue of the books. The models have been brought away from the Presidency College, but the college is still without a suitable room for their reception. year class.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 89 SPECIAL INSTRUCTIUN. The second and third year classes went to Muddapore for survey work under the charge of the Principal, assisted by Baboo Dwarka Nath Dutt. The work done was satisfactory, and the health of the students good. The first year class, under the direction of Mr. J. S. Slater, made a chain and compass survey of the Botanical gardens. The first, second, and third year apprentice classes were exercised in surveying in the neighbourhood of the college by Baboo Surendra Kumar Bose. The Principal is of opinion that considerablo apathy still prevails among the students, and that this can only be removed by the granting of a larger number of Government appointments to students who pass the university examinations. At present one and two appointments in the Assistant Engineer grade in alternato years have been guaranteed to enginoer students. The volunteer corps has boen without a commanding officer since the departure of Lieutenant A. 11. Mason. It contains 35 Christian apprentices. Mr. J. S. Slator got up a very successful meeting for athletic sports at the end of the cold season, in which it was satisfactory to see that native students joined. Some students have applied for permission to take up the B or mechanical engineor course after passing the first examination in engineering. Arrangements for teaching such a class, provided it can be formod, have been recently sanctioned by Government. The health of the collego has been fair during the past year. The percentago on the sick list daily was 5.2, which, strange to say, exactly coincides with last year's figure. The total expenditure of tho college, excluding the hostel, was Rs. 67,868, of which Rs. 63,200 were from provincial funds and Rs. 4,668 from fees. The corresponding figures in the previous year were Rs. 57,999, Rs. 52,778, and Rs. 5,221 respectively. There is thereforo Thero is thereforo a decreaso of Rs. 553 in fees received, and an increase in expendituro of Rs. 9,869. On the 31st of March 1885 there were 143 students in the college hostels- 94 Hindus and 49 Christians. During the year under review the total expenditure incurred on account of the native mess was Rs. 6,565, tho roccipts for the same period being Rs. 5,123. For the Christian students' mess the expenditure was Rs. 9,866 and the receipts Rs. 4,994. The apprentices or D class of the engineering college receive practical instruction in carpenter'-, blacksmith's, fitter's, and mouldor's work in the shops. Tbo Superintendont of the Workshops romarks that a large portion of tho native students find manual labour distasteful, and devise ingenious expedients for avoiding it. The European and Eurasian students are attentive to their work. With the view of checking idleness in the shops, the Superintendent has drawn up rules for annual examinations. It is hoped that these will put a stop to the evil by converting the idlers into earnest workers, or effectuully disposing of them. Ten students appearod in the final examination of the class, which was held in July 1884, and seven passed successfully. The Superintendcut considers the progress made by the students on the whole satisfactory, and anticipates still better results under the new system. 259. Dacca survey school.--On the 31st of March 1885 there were 24 students in the first-yeur and 23 in the second-year. The decreuse in the number of the first-year students is due to the time for opening the session having been changed from March to June. The income from fees was Rs. 555, against Rs. 494 in the previous year, and the gross expendituro Rs. 3,395, against Rs. 3,653. As in former years, great attention has been paid to practical work. The numerous new buildings and culvorts and bridges now under constructivu on the Dacca and Mymensingh State Railway have given the students abundanú opportunities of executing plans and drawings from measurements. In the cold weather an area of more than 25 square miles, containing about 20 villages, was surveyed. The students had to camp out for some part of the season on account of the groat distance to which the work extended. No examinations took place during the period under report. 260. Patna survey school.--The number of students on the rolls on the 31st of March was 54, and the average monthly number 56: 34 were Hindus, 19 Mahomedans, and one an Eurasian. M ·90 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR SPECIAL INSTRUCTION, The annual income from fees was Rs. 570, against Rs. 482 in the previous year, and the total expenditure was Rs. 2,540, against Rs. 2,545. The annual examinations were not hold at the usual time, owing to tho change in the opening of the session from March to June. It is expected that a larger number of students will take their admission noxt session. The field work began in tho latter part of November, and lasted till the 10th of March. Both classes were divided into three partios, and received practical instruction in surveying. 261. Cuttack survey school.— The number of students on the 31st of March was 55, against 66 in the previous year. Tho head-master attributes the falling off to the difficulty of finding suitable appointments for passed students. The fces during the year amountoil to Rs. 493, which is an increase of Rs. 57 on last year. The expenditure was Rs. 2,749, against Rs. 2,720. The results of the examination of the first and second year classes were not known when the report of the school was sent in. 262. Ranchi survey class.— The object of this class is to train amins for employment in the Chota Nagporo estate. The courso taught consists of practical geometry, mensuration, drawing, surveying with chain and compass, and a littlo levelling. Instruction is given through tho wedium of the Hindi language, and the pupils are Christian Kols brought up in the mission school at Ranchi. The number of pupils on the last day of the year was 15. As there is no great demand for amins in the district, the Assistant Inspector thinks that the prospects of the institution are not very clicering. But Mr. C. C. Stevens remarks that this view is probably not correct, as extensive settlement operations are now in progress, and an important change of system has begun, under which assessmonts will be made as definite, not as indefinite areas. 263. The Superintendents of these four institutions for the teaching of surveying have recontly been invited to make suggestions for rendering the course more practical. The enquiries addressed to them have elicited a protty general consensus of opinion that the course is already as practical as it can be mado. In proof of this, the Principal of the Dacca school states that the pupils are able to undertake surveys independently immediately on leaving the school, and that they have never failed to do their work to the satisfaction of their superiors. Moreover, up to the present timo tho passed students have found little difficulty in obtaining employment, but owing to the recent reduction in the public works, and the stoppage of various railway operations, it is anticipated that many will be thrown out of employment. "The opinion of the Principal of the survey school at Cuttack is that the course is as thoroughly practical as it can be made, but lie does not seom hopeful with regard to tho prospects of tho students. The Assistant Inspector of Schools, Chota Nagpore, is averse to making any alteration in the present course. The Principal of the Patna survey school thinks that the students would be much more largely employed if English were made an indispensablo condition for entering the school. Those passed students who are acquainted with English fiud no difficulty in obtaining cmployment. He would also raise the standurd of technical instruction, and considers that the appointment of an additional master and an increase of accommodation are required to mako the school thoroughly efficient. On the whole it does not appear that much fault can be found with the character of the technical instruction given in these institutions. There is nothing surprising in the fact that a knowledge of Eng. lish is indispensable if a man is to be successful as a surveyor. The same is the caso in all employments. 284. ART AND ÎNDUSTRY.--The Government school of art in Calcutta is the most important institution under this head. It continues to maintain its high character, and has this year had a large accession of pupils. There is a new industrial school at Govindpory, while that at Patna bas disappeared. But the most interesting and hopeful feature with regard to industrial education is the fact that the zemindars of Mahisadal have established and endowed an industrial school, which is already exceedingly popular. 265. School of art. The number of students on the roll continues to increase. There was 157 at the close of last year, against 139 in 1883-84 and 96 in 1882-83.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 91 SPECIAL INSTRUCTIOX. The subjects taught continue to be the same, and the same standard of excellence is maintained. A very high standard in each stage has now been firmly established, and is well worked up to. It is the opinion of competent authorities that the students' work will stand well in comparison with that of any school of art in England or clsewhere. The lithographic class is still employed upon the plates for Dr. King's great work on the Indian order Ficaceæ, and tho Committee for the exhibition to be held in London next year have sought the assistance of the school for 1. A collection of work illustrating the various stages of instruction forming the school course. 2. Works in metal repoussé. 3. Wood carving. 4. Designs for Monghyr slato works. 5. Designs for pottery. The Principal anticipates that the school will acquit itself creditably in all these matters. Ho speaks in high terms of his staff of assistants, who are all natives and old students of the school, and particularly of Baboo Annada Prosad Bagchi, the head-master. The receipts from fees wero Rs. 3, 106, against Rs. 2,803 in the previous year, and the expenditure was Rs. 22,6+2, against Rs. 18,109. 206. Ranchi industrial school.--This school has a permanent grant of Rs. 100 a month ; but from the beginning of the year under review an additional grant of Rs. 50 has been sanctioned as an experimental measuro, with the object of entertaining a European head mechanic and superintendent. The school has improved as far as carpentry is concernel, but the blacksmith's shop has been closed during the year owing to the Superintendent Mr. Raynbird not being familiar with such work. The only part of the accounts that the educational officers are allowed to inspect is the statement of receipts and disbursements of the Government grant. There were 36 stipendiary pupils on the rolls during the year on the 31st of March last, against 28 in the preceding year. Besides carpentry, the pupils learn reading and writing, and a little arithinetic. Thu Inspector is of opinion that the grant to the school should be discontinued. But the Deputy Commissioner of Lohardugga saya that the head mechanic Mr. Rayubird lus lately resigned his appointment, and that a scheme is under consideration for working the school ou an entirely new plan. 267. Govindpore primary funil industrial school. This school was opened this year as an experimental measure by the sub-divisional officer of Govindpore in Manbhoom. There wero four pupils at the close of the year, who were instructed in ordinary ironwork by a practical blacksmith who was paid Rs. 8 per mensem froin the district primary allotment. The Assistant Inspector is of opinion that the school will not answer any practical purpose. 268. Mahisalul industrial school.-- This school was opened at Midnapore in March last under the auspices of tho zenindars of Malisadal, and has already attracted 68 pupils, 51 of whom are learning carpontry and 17 tinsmith's work. The pupils nostly come from the Midnapore College and other institutions in tho neighbourhood. One is a M.A. and a pleader of the locul bar, wbo las joinod tho school in order to set a good examplo to his fellow-countrymen. The object of the public-spirited founders is to create a taste for industrial arts among young people of good social standing. The Mahisadal estate contributed Rs. 500 for the purchase of instruments, and Rs. 5,000 as an endowment in support of the institution. 269. Dehri industrial school.--This school now consists of two separate schools-an upper primary one, attended exclusively by workshop children, who go to work at 10 A.m., and a mddle vernacular school for the public, which is held in the afternoon. Both schools are doing well, especially the former. 270. Nawadih industrial school. This is kopt up at Nawadih railway station by the East Indian Railway Company for the children of the railway employés at an annual cost of Rs. 120. Tho number of pupils on the 31st March 1885 was 35, against 15 on the corresponding date in the previous year. The books taught in it are in Hindi, and contain directions for tha guidance of the lower casses of servants of the company. There is also a workshop at Jamalpore serving the purpose of a training school for artizans. M 2 ·92 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR l'ECIAL INSTRUCTION. 271. Music schools. The numerical strength of the Bengal music school has risen from 32 to 37. The school meets on the premises of the Calcutta training school three times a week for two hours in the evening. Indian music is taught theoretically and practically under the auspices of Raja Sir Surendra Mohun Tagore, Mus. D. The practical part comprises the teaching of vocal as well as instrumental music. The expenditure last year was Rs. 1,200, of which Rs. 300 were paid by Governmont. The rate of fee is one rupce in all the classes. The Bishenpore music school has been closed, but the Bankoora school has 20 pupils. It has been aided during the year from the grant-in-aid fund. 272. Under the head of other schools" the Madhubani and Pooroe Sanskrit schools are included. The Madhubani Sanskrit school has a grant of Rs. 25. Although the subscribers are greatly in arrears, there is a large balance of Rs. 3,422 to the credit of the school. The fact is the subscription list is very large and the exertions of the Secretary have realized this sum. There are only three teachers: the number on the roll was 45, against 53 in the previous year. The Sanskrit school at Pooreo was founded by the late Maharajah of Bulrampore in Oudh. This school trains up candidatos for the Sanskrit titlo examination. 273. Madrasas will be considered under Mahomedan education and kyoungs (or Buddhist monastic schools) under the head of education of aboriginal races. 274. Bhutea boarding school.-There worc 31 pupils on the rolls on the 31st March, against 32 on the same date last year. Of these, 17 aro Bhuteas, three Lepchas, fivo Nepalis, one is a Tibetan, and five are of mixed extraction. This school was reckoned among high schools last year. The annual allotment is Rs. 4,000. This has been exceeded this year by Rs. 21. Of the total expenditure Rs. 2,319 was spent on establishment, Rs. 877 on boarding charges, Rs. 362 on stipends, Rs. 312 on ordinary contingencies, and Rs. 150 on extraordinary contingencies. This last sum was actually spent in taking four pupils to Calcutta during the cold weather. The annual cost of each pupil was Rs. 134. The standard reached by the first class is nearly that of the ontranco class of the Calcutta University. The three boys composing it are employed as pupil teachers. Their pronunciation of English is unusually good. In last year's report regret was expressed that the pupils of this school are not more employed as “explorers, surveyors, and interpreters.” Lord Ulick Browne, Commissioner of the Rajshahye Division, says: " The reason is that the demand for young men with their qualifications is very limited, and I know that they often take to other occupations. I remember somo years ago wanting an interpreter, and on my enquiring about the boys of the first class in the previous year, I was told they had left Darjeeling and found occupation in different ways. If there is a vacancy in interpreterships, I am sure the Deputy Commissioners of Darjocling and Julpigoree will be glad to securo the services of a competent pupil of the school." 275. Agricultural scholarships.—During the year under report one agri. cultural scholar has proceeded to England, Baboo N. N. Banerjoa, B.A. As no une could be found for some time willing and qualified to take the second scholarship, it has, with the sanction of Government, not been awarded this year. Two agricultural scholars have during the year under report obtained their diploma with honours, Messrs. A. K. Roy and B. C. Basu: Baboo Byomkesh Chakravarti failed to obtain his diploma owing to ill-health. 276. Indian Association for the Cuitivation of Science.--No account of this institution has been received.

·OF PUBLIO INSTRUCTION. 93 VII.-FEMALE EDUCATION. TENALK 277. The statistics of female education for the last two years are compared below: EDUCATION, - 1888-86 1884-88. Bohools, Pupils, Schools. Pupils. 2 .. 289 168 8 4 GIRLS' SCHOOL Maintained by the Department Do. Municipal Boards Aided by the Department or ly Municipal Boards Unaided 186 160 ... ... 1,703 76 29,717 2,013 2,168 135 37,662 2,789 .. Total 1,785 32,167 2,309 40,797 Girls in Boys' Schools 33,616 35,749 GRAND TOTAL 1,786 65,813 2,809 76,546 278. The number of girls' schools has increased from 1,785 to 2,309, and their pupils from 65,813 to 76,546. The number of girls in boys' schools has also incrcased from 33,646 to 35,749, so that the total number of girls under instruction (exclusive of those reading in European schools) was 76,546 against 65,813, or, excluding 776 littlo boys attending girls' schools, 75,770 against 64,883. Besides the above, there were at the close of the yoar 19 privato (indigenous) schools for girls with an attendance of 307 pupils against 12 schools and 339 pupils in the proceding year. For the first timo sinco 1882 the number of girls reading in boys' schools is reported to he less than the number reading in girls' schools-a circumstance which is capable of explanation on the assumption that the girls' classes originally attached to primary schools have gained sufficient strength to justify their classification as separate schools. The system of paying gurus a capitation allowance for every girl under regular instruction has apparently brought about a large expansion of the elementary education of girls. The distribution of girls' schools was as follows: Calcutta 169 (including Zenana agencies, cach teacher of which counted as one school), the Presidency division 366, Burdwan division 188, Rajshahye division 169, Dacca division 953, Chittagong division 142, Putna division 61, Bhagulpore division 118, Chota Nagpore 80, Orissa 59, and Orissa Tributary Mehals four. 279. The total cost of 2,309 girls' schools with 40,797 pupils was Rs. 2,68,072, of which Government contributed Rs. 1,03,268. The expenditure from municipal funds was Rs. 6,504, from fees Rs. 20,785, and from all other sources, mainly subscriptions and donations, Rs. 1,37,515. The two Government High English schools cost altogether Rs. 22,162, of which Government paid Rs. 17,490. The four uppor primary schools maintained by Municipal Boards cost Rs. 842 ; 2,169 schools aided by Government or by Municipalities cost Rs. 2,37,399, of which Government prid Rs. 85,778; and 135 unaided schools cost Rs. 7,669. 280. It is interesting to note that while the number of girls' schools aided from the grant-in-aid fund is 320 with 10,190 pupils, and from the khas mehal, circle, and municipal grants only 35 with 1,069 pupils, 1,817 schools with 20,417 pupils are aided from the primary fund. A grant-in-aid girls' school costs Rs. 170 per annum, while a primary fund girls' school costs only Rs. 15. It is clear therefore that for the rapid extension of this branch of public instruction, we must rely mainly on a further development of the primary system. It is also a matter for consideration whether girls' schools which do not go beyond the primary stage should continue to receivo large monthly grants from Government. 281. The two Government schools are the Bethune school in Calcutta and the Eden female school at Dacca. The school department of the former had on its rolls 124 pupils against 112 in the preceding year. The college department had six pupils, viz. 2 in the second and 4 in the third-year class." No candidates presented themselves at the middle scholarship examination, and none of the ordinary university examinations were held during the year. The college classes cost Rs. 3,554, of which Rs. 3,260 were paid by Government.

·94 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR FEMALE BDICATION, The expenditure of the school department was Rs. 16,295, of which Rs. 12,450 wero contributed by Government; the fees amounted to Rs. 3,815. The school building requires early enlargement to provide for the increased number of students desirous of admission as boarders. 282. The Edon school at Dacca had 62 pupils, against 157 in the year before. This loss is ascribed to the levy of fees throughout the-school and to the reduction of expenditure upon gharry hire, necessitated by the falling off of the subscriptions from which it was paid. The Inspector roports that in spite of the great loss of pupils on the rolls, the fall in the average daily attendance has been only from 69 to 52, and that, while the attendance was only 44 per cent. of the roll number in 1883-84, in the year under report it was nearly 84 per cent. It is possible thorofore that the school will be a gainer by the loss of a large number of students whose attendance was so irrogular as to make them a source of injury to the others. The school cost Rs. 5,807, of which Government contributed Rs. 5,040. Four out of five pupils passed the lower primary scholarship examination, two the upper primary, and four the middle scholarship examination. 283. Of the young native ladies who have won university distinctions, Mrs. Ganguli, after taking tho B.A. degree in January 1883, is studying medicine in the Calcutta Medical College, and Chandra Mukhi Buse, who has taken the M.A. degreo with honours in English, is employed as a senior teacher in the Bethune school. Elleu D'Abreu aud Abala Das, who pussed the First Arts and Entrance examinations respectively from the Betluno school in January 1882, joined the Madras Medical College, and they have been granted special scholarships of Rs. 20 a month, tenable to the end of their collego course. Virginia Mary Mitter and Bidhu Mukhi Bose, who joined the Calcutta Medical College after passing the First Arts examination, have been granted scholarships of Rs. 20 a month tenable for five years. There were on tho 31st March last in the second-your class of the Bethune school Bindubasini Bose and Labunyaprabha Bose, and in the third-yoar class of tho samo institution Kamini Sen, Kumudini Kastagiri , Nirinalabala Mookerjee, and Priyatama Dutt. Priyatama Dutt passed the supplementary F.A. examination in May 1884, and the others in January of the same year. 284. The most notable incident in connection with the encouragement of the higher education of women in Bengal during the year under report was the munificent donation of a lakh and a half of rupees by tho Maharani Surnamayi of Cossimibazar for the promotion of female medical education. The following extract from the Governmont resolution on the subject will prove interesting.-" The problem of creating a class of qualified fomale medical practitioners to attend upon native women in their sickness is one, which presents many special difficulties in a country, where the habits and traditions of tho women of the upper classes prevent them froin availing themselves of the services of men as their medical advisers. Attempts have been made from time to time to supply what has always been felt to be a pressing want, but the efforts of Government in this direction have until lately been impeded, partly by the difficulty of introducing a serious innovation into the conservativo domain of medical practice, and partly by the inadequacy of the funds which could be appropriated to the furtherance of so large an object. In the letter of 29th June 1883, cited in the preamble to this resolution, Mr. Rivers Thompson reviewed at length the various objections raised on professional grounds to the admission of women to the classes of tho Calcutta Medical College, and gave expression to his final decision that, on grounds of both principle and expediency, the exclusion of women could no longer be maintained. In the resolution of the 6th May 1884, he endeavoured to give fuller effect to this policy by offering special encouragement in the form of scholarships to ladies who, after passing the First Arts examination at the University, should elect to enter the Calcutta Medical College as students. This was as largo a measure of encouragement as the provincial finances would admit of, and up to the to the present time the Lieutenant-Governor has had little hope of being able to offer further support to a movement which commands his hearty sympathy. The Maharani Surnamayi, Lady of the Order of the Crown of India, whose good name in the cause of public charities and private benevolence is already known throughout India, has now come forward to supplement the ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 95 FEMALK EDUCATION. resources of the State with the munificent donation of Rs. 1,50,000, which she has placed at the disposal of the Bengal Government for the promotion of female modical education. In the letter communicating her gracious intentions, the Maharani imposes no restriction upon the mode in which her gift should be administered; but it is understood that she would be gratified if the money could be expended on the construction of a hostel for native ladies studying medicine in Calcutta. The Lieutenant-Governor agrees with the Maharani in thinking that an institution of this kind will materially forward the cause of female medical education in Bengal. The difficulties experionced by young men in pursuing their education in large towns have alrendy led to the establishment of hostels for their accommodation. These difficulties are. of courso greatly increased in the case of ladies, some of whom may come from distant homes : and the proposed institution may help to open a useful career to many women, who otherwise would havo 10 opportunity at all of instruction in medical science. The Lieutenant-Governor has much ploasure, therefore, in accepting the very liberal offer of the Maharani, who has thus increased the large claim to public gratitude which she has already so signally established, and added one more to the many past recognitions by this Government of her acts of beneficence to the people of Bengal.” To carry out the objects of the resolution, Mr. Croft, in communication with the authorities of the Medical Colloge, submitted a scheme for tho medical education of women unconnected with the University. It was proposed to open a special class for female students touchin: up to the standard of the Scaldah Medical School, and to enlarge the existing Midwifery class. The object of the first was to provide for girls who have passed the Entrance examination and therefore know English, (the F.A. standard being required of those who attend the regular college classes for the degree of L.M.S.), and of the second to help those who know Bengali only, and can therefore join the midwifery class already at work in connection with the Eden Hospital. It was further proposed that no fees be charged in cither class, and that the students of the English class be pero to compete for the prizes and honours open to the regular students of the Medical College. Tho scheme received the sanction of Sir Rivers Thompson on 20th March 1885, subject to rovision and reconsideration of the point of froe tuition after an experimont of three years. 285. The subjoined statement shows the principal institutions in Calcutta (other than the Bethune female school) for tho promotion of fumale education 20ong natives, which are aided by Government. The schools are all attended by nativo girls, except the Church of England Zenana Mission school, in which European and Eurasian girls are trained to bo teachers in nativo schools. The totul monthly grant is Rs. 2,420. 1.- Zenana Agencies. Monthly grants. Rs. A. P. ... ... .. American Mission Agency Church of England Zenana Mission Agency Church of Scotland ditto ditto Prvo Church Agency 752 0 0 300 0 0 100 0 0 90 0 (0) ... Total 1,242 00 II.- Normal Schouls. Freo Church Normal School Church of England Zepana Mission Normal School .. 166 10 8 160 00 Total 326 10 8 ... .. ... III. - Orphanages. Church of Scotland Orphanage American Mission Orphanage (Fouodling Asylum) Free Church Orphanage 40 00 100 0 0 75 00 ... Total 216 0 0 ...

·96 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR FEMALE IV.- Schools for Native Girls. (A) GRANT-IN-AID Fond. EDUCATION. ontbly grants. Rs. A. P. . 20 0 0 20 0 0 20 00 ... ... ... ... - .. ... 80 0 0 ... ... ... .. ... ... 160 00 50 0 0 16 0 0 25 0 0 20 0 () 25 00 ... Church of Scotland Dhopapara Kidderpore Sonai Free Church Dr. Dull's Church of England - Christ Church High English Central Mirzaporo Syambazar (Darji para) Kannaripara Sobhabazar Methodist Episcopal- Dr. Thoburn's Native Girls', Dhurrumtollah Wesleyan Mission- Taltollah ... American Unitarian A ngociution- Mr. Dall's, Dhurrumtollah Stroot .. Native Management Darjipara Hindu ... ... IC ... ... ... 25 00 ... ... ... 20 00 ... ... 40 00 ... 21 00 ... Total 541 0 0 ... .. ... ... .. II. .. (B) PRINARY FUND. Syambazar (Wesleyan Mission) Chorobagan Ilindu Maduu Mitter's Lune Ranibagan 1. Gouhagan Sinduriapati Camac Street (Wesleyan Mission) Machooubazar 2nd Street (Church of England) Rambagan II Amberst Street Manicktollah Street Kansaripara Sukeas Street ... 10 0 0 10 0 0 9 0 0 8 0 0 8 (0) 8 0 0 7 0) 0 6 0 0 6 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 5 0) () .. ... ... ... .. ... .. ... ... ... Total 95 0 0 GRAND TOTAL 2,419 10 8 ... 286. The Church of England High school is the Christ Church school in Cornwallis street. It had 40 pupils on its rolls, of whom 3 were Eurasians, 35 native Christians, and 2 Hindus. Many of the pupils are boarders, and a few are day-scholars. The school was examined by the Inspector and is believed to be doing good work, though it has not yet quite attained the University Entranco standard. There is provision for teaching neodlo-work, drawing and music to the girls in addition to the ordinary school subjects. The expenditure was Rs. 5,796, of which Rs. 1,920 were contributed by Government. 287. Middle Schools. The thrco schools classified as aided "middlo vernacular” are the Church of Scotland Orphanage, thc Foundling Asylum, and the Central School. The number of pupils in the three schools was 283 against 290. The schools have each a training class attached to them for the purpose of preparing mistresses for the girls' schools and zenanas under them. None of the schools have ever attempted to attain the standard prescribed for the middle vernacular scholarships. The text-books they use are not very advanced, with the exception of those in language. It is difficult to include these schools under any departmental classification. The expenditure on these schools was Rs. 15,466, of which Government contributed Rs. 1,956. 288. Upper Primary Schools. The upper primary schools decreased from 125 to 121, and their pupils from 3,149 to 2,833. There is thus a loss of four schools and of 316 pupils. Of these 121 schools, 120 with 2,787 pupils were aided, and 1 with 46 pupils unaided. Of the 120 aided upper primaries, 107 were zenana schools, and 13 ordinary schools. Of the latter, Sobbabazar and Kansaripara were aided during the year. The work of ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 97 MEYALE instruction in the zenanas is entirely in the hands of four Christian bodies, called zenana agencies or zenana missions. The number of teachers employed under each agency and its number of pupils are given below :- EDUCATION, 1884-88. Nax. OP AGBCT. 1883-84, Touchors. Pupilo. Tearbers, Pupite. ... 1 Amerions Mission Zenana Agency Church of England Zenana Agency 8 Church of Scotland Zonana Agency 4 Froe Church Zonana Agency 61 27 10 62 27 1) 1,286 228 I. 1,112 248 72 211 ... 191 ... .. Total 107 1,643 107 1,762 289. The number of teachers remains unchanged, but the number of pupils has increased by 119. For return purposes it has been the practice to count each zenana teacher as a school. The operations of the agencies are not confined to the town. They send out teachers to villages outside Calcutta. The duties of the toachers consist chiefly in visiting a certain number of houses once, twice, or thrice a week, and teaching young ladies and girls needlework in addition to reading, writing, and arithmetic in Bengali or English. The zenana schools are all inspectod by Mrs. Wheeler, and detailed information regarding their progress is given further on from her report. The expenditure on these zenana schools was Rs. 56,354, of which Rs. 14,804 was paid from provincial revenues and Rs. 41,550 from local 290. The following table gives the number of pupils in the remaining 13 upper primary girls' schools for the last two years :- sources. NAME OP SCHOOL. 1848-8). Pupils. 1884-A6. Pupils. 86 65 ... ... ... 131 44 .IO .. 00 ... ... 80 75 72 110 80 100 43 112 95 60 64 ... 1 American Unitarian Association Girls' 2 Mirzapur 3 Darjipara Church of England Zenana Mission 4 Darjipara Hindu ... 5 Dhopapara 6 Kidderpore 7 Sonai 8 Dr. Duff's Girls' 9 Dr. Thoburn's Native Girls' 10 Wesleyan Mission 11 Freu Church Orphanage 12 Kansaripara 13 Sobhabazar ... .. ... 92 49 109 102 59 53 84 76 ... ... ... ... ... . ::: 62 82 ... ... ... Total ... 990 1,025 291. It is seen that there is a gain of 35 pupils. All these schools, with the exception of the Darjipara Hindu Girls,' are under missionary management. The standards taught in them do not strictly conform to those prescribed for the upper or lower primary scholarship examination. As a rule the pupils in most schools are found to be deficient in arithmetic. Thore being no upper primary scholarships for Calcutta, these schools do not attempt to attain the standards for the scholarship examination. The creation of a number of scholarships will no doubt improve their status. The expenditure on them was Rs. 10,965, Rs. 4,861 being contributed from provincial revenues. 292. Unaided Upper Primary Schools. Of the 6 unaided schools noticed last year, 2 (Kansaripara and Sobhabazar II) received grants during the year, and appeared in the aided list, and 4 (Sobhabazar I, Badurbagan, Bagbazar, and Bowbazar) furnished no returns. The only unaided school which has for the first time appeared in our returns is the Chorebagan Hindu Girls'. It has been at work for several years, and is under the management of Babu Bhuban Mohan Sarkar, L.M.S., of Chorebagan. The numerical strength was 46, and the expenditure was Rs. 243, of which Rs. 99 were raised from fees and Rs. 144 from subscriptions. The standards taught do not exactly correspond to those prescribed for the upper primary scholarship examination. There are some girls' schools under the Baptist Zenana Mission and the Church of Scotland Zenana Mission which decline to furnish returns.

·98 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR TUMALE EDUCATION 293. Lower Primary Schools. --The number of lower primary girls schools subsidized during the year under the system of capitation grants brought into operation from 1st August 1884 was 43, and the number of pupils in thóm was 1,112. With the exception of 3 schools under missionary management, none of them were in existence before July 1884. When the primary grunt of Calcutta was raised from Rs. 4,000 to Rs. 6,000 in July last, instructions were issued to the Deputy Inspector asking him to make immediate arrangements for introducing a system of capitation grants for starting girls' schools, or girls' classes in connection with the existing lower primary schools, in different parts of the town. The Deputy Inspector lost no time in giving practical effect to the scheme, and the result was that 40 new girls' schools were established in a short time, besides the three missionary schools referred to above. Of these 43 schools, 5 are under female teachers, and 38 are co acted by gurus having separate boys' pathshalas. The boys' pathshalas in Calcutta are generally held in the morning and afternoon, and remain closed from 10 A.M. to 31 P.M. Consequently the girls' schools under the gurus are held between the hours of 11 A.M. and 3 P.M. The 5 girls' schools under mistresses sit between the hours of 11 A.M. and 4 P.M. The Inspector reports that one of these schools is conducted by a native lady, possessing a fair knowledge of the Bengali language and accounts. As tho schools were at work only for a few months during the year, the progress made by them was not considerable. The expenditure was Rs. 1,233, of which Rs. 1,183 was paid by Government. 294. Attached Girls' Classes — There were 34 girls' classes attached to lower primary schools for boys. The number of girls receiving instruction in then was 285. They are taught along with the boys. Many of them are beginners, and havo not passed beyond the lower section of the lower primary stage. The Govornment expenditure on them was. Rs. 210, included in the accounts of the lower primaries for boys. 295. Mrs. Wheeler, Inspectress of Schools, has furnished the examination returns of 3,702 pupils reading in zenanas and in schools for infants in Calcutta and its neighbourhood. The standards under which they were examined aro the following:- The primary stage, lower section, is that of a pupil who can read little words, can distinguish the different letters composing the words, can write the alphabet neatly, can enumerate up to 50, and who has not gone beyond that standard. In the higher section of the primary stage, a pupil should at least be able to read short stories, to spell words with compound letters, to write easy sentences from dictation, and to write and couut the numbers up to 1,000. If she can answer questions about the storios she has been reading, can write such stories from dictation, can read, spell, and explain compound words, can numerate up to five figures, with ciphers, ind do a simple addition sum, she is on the upper limits of the primary, and close to the middle stage. In the middle stage she should be able to read Bodhodoy, write and spell well, and do addition and subtraction. If she further knows a little grammar and the definitions of geography, can write and spell faultlessly, can turn a piece of poetry into prose, and do a multiplication sum, she is approaching the confines of the upper stage. These standards are appli. cable mainly to schools under zenana agencies in Calcutta. The ordinary schools for girls in the mufassal read for the standards of the different scholarship examinations prescribed by Government, or for those fixed by the Hitakari Sabha of Uttarpara and other local associations for their own scholarship or reward examinations. 296. Applying the foregoing standards to the 3,702 pupils examined, Mrs. Wheeler reports that only 680 passed by her standards, 1,335 were mere infants, and 1,687 were rejected. The Inspectress says that although the number of pupils not passed is still greater than the number passed, the past year shows a decided improvement, and she expresses the hope that in the years to come the successful students will be in the majority. Out of 761 pupils of the American Zenana Mission who were examined, 127 passed. The Church of England Zenana Mission had 445 pupils examined, and 63 passed. The Church of Scotland Zenana Mission presented 654 pupils, of whom 238 passed. The Free Church Zenana Mission sont up 45 pupils, of whom 12 passed. Of the pupils of the Zenana Mission connected with the Society for the Propagation ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 99 YEMALE KDUOATION. of the Gospel, 529 were examined, and 134 - were declared to have passed. Sohouls unconnected with zenana missions presented 1,268 pupils, of whom 111 passed: These last are generally taught by male teachers, and are regularly inspeoted by the local inspecting staff. The chief field of Mrs. Wheeler's labours is the zenana schools of Calcutta for the education of married Hindu ladies, who are visited and taught by the female teachers connected with the different senana missions, and are practically shut out from the inspection of the regular staff of the department. 207. Mrs. Wheeler congratulates the Church of Scotland Zenana Mission on the success of its pupils at her examinations. She is also glad to note that some schools are beginning to make a distinction, though as yet a very trivial one, between prizes and presents at their distributions, and that fees are becoming more or lesa universal. Mr. Croft recorded the opinion last year that the visiting of schools connected with agencies, that have their head-quarters at Calcutta, would fully take up the Inspectress's whole time if the schools, and especially the zenanas of Calcutta, are to be efficiently supervised, and this opinion gains additional force as the operations of these agencies extend. 298. Outside Calcutta, the schools under male teachers are multiplying fast. In the Presidency Division the number of girls' schools rose from 303 to 366 and their pupils from 7,048 to 8,229. The Government expenditure in them rose from Rs. 14,640 to Rs. 16,828, and the expenditure from local sources from Rs. 29,858 to Rs. 32,254. There were besides 3,469 girls in boys' schools, against 3,168 in the previous year, so that the total number of girls under instruction was 11,589, against 10,123, excluding 109 boys attending schools for girls. Of the 366 girls' schools existing in the division, 66 are aided from the grant-in-aid fund, 250 from the primary grant, 16 from municipal funds, and 2 from the Estates' Improvement Fund, besides 32 receive ing no aid whatever. The large expansion of girls' schools of late years is due more to the exertions of the Sub-Inspectors of Schonls, who have utilised a portion of the primary grant for the purpose, than to any other agency. The cost of the 250 primary grant girls' schools was Rs.5,838 only, or about Rs. 24 per school per annum, while the 66 grant-in-aid schools cost Government Rs. 10,743, or Rs. 163 per school. It is seen therefore that oach grant-in-aid girls' school cost nearly seven times as much to Government as a primary fund girls' school. There is not that marked distinction in point of efficiency between girls' schools supported from different funds to justify such difference of expenditure. With a view to reduce this excessive charge, Mr. Clarke issued the following instructions to Deputy Inspectors in regard to applications for grants to girls' schools :-" In the case of aided girls' schools, if the girls are infants (i.e., the elder ones not noro than 11 years of age), it will be assumed that the school is not of a class above the upper primary. Where female teachers are employed in girls' schools, though their attainments may not exceed those of a lower primary guru, they may be put down in the grant-in-aid application at Rs. 10. These are the rates which can be allowed in the grant-in-aid application. The managers may of course pay their teachers as high as they please; but Government cannot contribute to such high rates except in very special cases. I shall be obliged by your sending me a list of aided schools employing teachers above the rates specified. Thus, among so-called middle vernacular schools , I want to know those not teaching the middle scholarship standard, but having a head-pandit paid more than Rs. 10. The girls' schouls require special attention, and each grant, when it has run five years, must be overhauled in accordance with the above instructions." The question of reducing the cost of girls' schools will demand immediate consideration in view of the retrenchments recently ordered by Government. The Officiating Inspector is disposed to recommend some system of payment by results universally applicable, where the schools do not go beyond the primary standard: the payments should ordinarily be made from the primary grant. The large number of girls studying in boys' schools 13,460) affords ground for the belief that the gurus of primary schools enjoy the confidence of the people, and can bring together a much larger number of girls under a proper system of rewards. The old departmental rule allowed one rupee for four or five girls under regular instruction, and it has been revived in some of the districts with decidedly beneficial results. There are N 2 ·100 RAPORT OF THE DIRECTOR PENALE EDUCATION two independent native agencies for the encouragement of female education in the division, viz., the Jessore-Khulna Union and the Central Bengal Union. The former, with a grant of Rs. 100 from the primary fund of the Khulna district, examined 547 girls, of whom 453 passed. The amount expended in rewards to girls is not separately shown in the report, but it appears that Rs. 30 were spent in rewarding teachers of girls' schools, and a certain sum is spent in printing examination questions. The Central Bengal Union examined 262 candidates, of whom 227 passed. Details of its operations have not been received. The results of the university and middle examinations were not known, but 34 girls passed the lower primary scholarship examination, and eight of them won scholarships. 299. In the Burdwan Division girls' schools rose from 151 to 188 and their pupils from 3,497 to 4,660 (including 14 boys), and girls in boys' schools were 7,487, against 7,503 in the preceding year." Of the 60 grant-in-aid schools in the division, 39 are connected with different missions. There were two zenana agencies, viz. the American agency at Midnapore receiving a grant of Rs. 50, and the Chinsurah agency receiving Rs. 80 a month. The total expenditure on female education was Rs. 28,694, of which Rs. 9,678 were contributed by Government, Rs. 1,597 by municipalities, Rs. 2,382 from school fees, and the balance from other local sources. The two middle English schools are-one at Midnapore attended by seven native Christians and two Europeans, and one at Chinsurah in Hooghly under Miss Babonau attended by Christian boys and girls reading English. These two schools do not compete at any public examination. The three middle vernacular schools arc-one at Bankoora and two in Beerbhoom. These three schools, though returned as middle vernacular, have not as yet competed at any public examination. The upper primary schools are among the several grant-in-aid schools under native and Christian management, some of which compete at the Uttarparah Hitukari Sabha's scholarship examinations, and some, though not competing at any public examination, read up to a standard nearly equivalent to that which is fixed by the department for the upper primary scholarship examination for boys. The lower primaries teach the same subjects as are taught in the lower primaries for boys. 300. It was complained in certain quarters that the Hitakari standards were somewhat too hard for many of the schools to prepare for the Sabba's scholarship examinations; hence, at a conference, consisting of the members of the Sabha, the Inspectress of Schools, the Inspector of Schools, Western Circle, and the Deputy Inspectors of Hooghly and Howrah, beld in October last, the Sabha's standards were rovised so as to conforın to the departmental standards, so that any school reading the departmental standards might compete at the Sabha's examinations. The standards having been thus revised, three new schools from Beerbhoom have affiliated themselves to the Sabha, and the girls' schools in Midnapore have adopted the courses laid down by this body. 301. The results of the junior, senior, and final examinations of the Hitakari Sabha, held in March last, are shown below:- NUMBEX OF EXAMINKKB AT NUMBER PASSED, DISTRICT. Junior. Senior. Final, Total, Junior, Benlor, Finni. Total. 1 86 7 10 12 .. Howrah Hookly Burdwan Beerbhoom Bankoore Midnupore 21 99 8 39 60 20 S8 17 82 10 3 89 27 9 Does not competo n. the Altakari examinations. 1 88 8 88 ... .. Total 142 35 0 188 100 92 183 302. The scholarships awarded on the result of these examinations were three of Rs. 3 each per month for success in the final examination, 12 of Rs. 2 each per month for sucoess in the senior, and 39 of Re. 1 each for success in the junior examination. The largest number of scholarships was taken up by the district of Hooghly. At the departmental examinations for upper primary scholarships, two girls from Midnapore passed-one in the first and one in the third division. The first of these has obtained a scholarship. At the lower primary ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION, 101 FEMALE EDUCATION, sobolarship examinations, held under orders of the several District Magistrates, ten girls competed-ix from Burdwan, two from Midnapore, one from Beerbhoom, and one from Howrah. The number passed was five; one of the girls passed was a Sonthal from Midnapore. The total number of girls presented at the several central examinations for reward was 1,845, of whom 123 passed by the higher, and 1,139 by the lower standard. For the special encouragement of girls' schools, one scholarship of Rs. 3, one of Rs. 2, and two of Re. I each a month, all tenable for one year, have been created this year in Beerbhoom out of the district primary grant. Burdwan has one upper primary scholarship, divided into one girl's scholarship of Rs. 2, and four of Re. 1 each, tenable for one year; and five more of Re. 1 each have been created out of the district primary grant. Midnapore has one middle scholarship split into eight smaller scholarships for girls. Bankoora allots one scholarship of Rs. 3, two of Rs. 2 each, and eight of Re. 1 each out of the primary grant of the district. In Hooghly one primary scholarship of Rs. 2, tenable for two years, is set apart for schools not affiliated to the Hitakari Sabha. Howrah bas no special scholarship for girls, but grants rewards at double rates at the reward examinations. 303. In the Rajshahye Division, the girls' schools advanced from 150 with 2,275 pupils to 169 with 2,492 pupils. Girls in boys' schools rose from 1,588 to 1,817. This last increase has taken place chiefly in Darjeeling, Dinagepore, and Rungpore, while Bogra, Pubna, and Rajshahye show a falling off. The number of girls in girls schools has nearly doubled in Julpigoree, and greatly increased in Bogra and Rungpora, but has fallen off in Pubna. The general improvement is steady, though not very remarkable. The total expenditure was Rs. 7,922, of which Government contributed Rs. 3,815. 304. In the Dacca Division the schools rose from 672 to 953, and their pupils from 9,153 to 11,802. Girls in boys' schools were 8,075, against 8,334 in the preceding year. Excluding little boys attending girls' schools, the actual number of girls at school in the two years was 10,896 on the 31st March 1884 and 19,524 on the 31st March 1885. There is thus a total gain of 2,628 girls at school, showing a gain of 15 per cent. The Inspector is not, however, quite satisfied with the figures, "as the increase is brought about by the starting of girls' schools, and the number of girls atttending boys' schools has fallen off, and it is, I believe, principally by the establishment of girls' classes attached to boys' schools that we should aim at the advancement of female education. In my peregrinations, I have been much annoyed at finding many stipendiary girls' schools at places where the people could well afford to pay something towards the education of their daughters, but where they absolutely paid nothing at all. For this the Deputy Inspectors and Sub-Inspectors were to blame, their defence being that, except this principle were followed, girls' schools could not be maintained at all. My answer was that if the people were not willing to pay anything for female education, it was a sign that the schools were started among à people who did not want it, and why should we, as it were, force upon them a thing which they do not want? I addressed a circular to Magistrates on this subject, and I believe it has now been settled in all districts that stipends to girls' schools will be given only on condition that an equal sum be collected locally be it by fees or subscriptions. My belief is that matters are not so bad as the subordinate inspecting officers would make it, and that in most places where there are girls' schocls, the people will gladly pay a small fee rather than have the school taken away. I find that for 924 aided lower primary schools for girls the total cost was Rs. 13,820, of which sum Government gave Rs. 10,734, municipalities gave Rs. 261, subscriptions and endow. ments amounted to Rs. 1,561, and Rs. 1,264 were collected in foes, so that already a beginning has been made." In Dacca the number of girls' schools has risen from 238 with 3,296 pupils to 303 with 4,071 pupils, but the number of girls reading in boys' schools bas declined from 1,103 to 669. 'The multiply. ing of girls schools has been carried on, Dr. Martin fears, rather injudiciously during the year in this district. In Furreedpore the number of girls' schools has advanced from 108 with 1,444 pupils to 207 with 2,322 pupils : on the other hand the number of girls reading in boys' schools fell from 1,023 to 974. Of the two candidates who appeared at the upper primary examination, one was fronu the Biutilak pathsala in Madaripore sub-division, and the other is a Hindu ·102 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR HEMALE RDVCATION. widow of about 27 years, who appeared from the Balitarpar girls' sebool in the Gopalguoge Sub-Inspector's division. Both of thom passed in the second division. The five schools noticed in the last report as being taught by female teachers continue to exist. Of the 37 who passed the lower primary examination, one is a Mahomedan widow of 16 years, another is a married girl of 13, and two others are Brahman girls of 16 and 20 years of age. The girls competed with the boys in all subjects but zemindari and mahajani accounts. In Backergunge the number of girls? schools rose from 14 with 291 girls to 34 with 628 girls. It is in this district, however, that most is done in the direction of oncouraging girls to attend boys' schools (there were 5,329 girls in boys' schoola); nor has the result of the lower primary examination been a bad one, since we saw above that 43 out of 68 female candidates passed. Two of the 43 girls who passed are Mahomedang. There is an association entitled the Backergunge Hitaishini Sabha, which does a good deal towards advancing the cause of female education. It was established in Calcutta in 1877 by a few students of this district, its object being “to ameliorate the degraded condition of the people of Backergunge," and female education is one of the principal means by which it attempts to attain its object. It gives monthly grants to girls' schools, assists poor girls with books, slates, &c., and holds an annual examination, to which girls from schools and zonanas--principally from the latter—are admitted. In 1884 the association laid out nearly Rs. 196, viz., Rs. 75 in grants to schools, Rs 117 in prizes to girls and zenana ladies, and Rs. 4 on books and slatos for poor girls. An association of this kind is calculated to do much good, and the Inspector thinks it right to bring it to notice. There is a similar association in the Furreedpore district, which also is very useful. In Mymonsingh, the number of girls' schools has increased from 312 with 3,531 to 426 with 4,670 pupils, but here, as in Dacca and Furreedpore, we havo a falling off in girls reading in boys' schools, viz., from 1,589 to 1,103. On this subject the Deputy Inspector remarks as follows: “The conservative ideas and the social prejudices of the people of this district prevent any large number of girls going to tho boys' schools. What was done by the offer of allowances to gurus for opening girls' classes in boys' schools is being slowly counteracted by local prejudices, the result being the formation of separate girls' schools." He further says that the educatod rative class as a body appreciate femalo education, as they see that no social improvement is possible without it. The educated people, however, in a village are few: the majority are uneducated : the demand for female education is therefore not yet spontaneous." It is a very remarkable fact that a girl headed the list of successful candidates from upper primary schools at the upper primary examination; and another headed the list of successful candidates at the lower primary exumination. The first mentioned was a pupil of the Alexander Girls' school in the town of Mymensingh, and the latter read in the Alisakanda non-stipendiary school in the Tangail sub-division. 305. There were in the Chittagong Division 142 girls' schools, and 5,905 girls including 19 boys reading in girls' schools, against 200 girls' schools and 7,337 girls, including 65 boys, reading in girls' schools, in the previous year. Of the 142 schools, three middle vernacular schools and one upper primary school were aided from the grant-in-aid fund, 30 lower primary schools wero aided by stipends, and 102 by rewards from the primary fund, and 3 were aided from the khas mehal fund, while 3 were unaided. Of the 5,905 girls under tuition, 1,633 were pupils of the schools mentioned above, and 4,272 girls were reading in boys' schools. The corresponding figures for the previous year were 4 middle vernacular, 1 upper primary, and 195 lower primary schools, with 2,600 pupils and 4,737 girls reading in boys' schools. So there has been a loss of 58 schools with 1,432 pupils and of 465 girls among those reading in boys' schools. This loss is due principally to the exclusion from the returns of a large number of maktabs in which boys and girls genorally learn the Koran together. In Tipperah the number of girls' schools has fallen off from 100 to 39, and that of their pupils from 1,482 to 590. The loss is due to the same causes that operated towards the reduction of primary schools for boyu iz. “the exclusion of pathsalas not six months in existence from the central examinations for rewards.'' “Further," the Deputy Inspector reports, "unlike ·. OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 103 F&WALK DUCATION, vious year. previous years, in which girls were examined in their own schools, they were required during the past year to attend the central examinations, which they generally refused to do." The number of girls reading in boys' schools has risen from 1,789 to 1,880. The loss of one middlo vernacular girls' school is due to a change in classification. T'he Zenana Education Society, which is merely an examining body, has not been returned as a school this year. In previous years, when this society was returned as a school, the number of examinoos was returned as the number on the rolls at the close of the year. Most of the exominoes, being pupils of schools, were thus entered twice over-once as pupils of the schools to which they respectively belonged, and again as pupils of the school constituted by the society. Two girls, one from the middle vernacular, and the other from the upper primary girls' schools, as also eight girls from five of the lower primary schools, appeared at the lower primary scholarship examination, and all the 10 candidates were successful. "Out of the eight girls who passed from lower primary schools, three were from one stipendiary lower primary school, all of whom passed, and one of them got a scholarship. Three girls obtained scholarships this year, and they stood high on the list and carried off these scholarships in a competitive examination with boys. This is undoubtedly a very creditable result. The Zenana Education Society has altered the time for holding their examinations from September to January, consequently there was no examination held by the society during the year under report. In Chittagong, in the year under report, there were seven girls' schools with 153 pupils in the district, against 13 schools with 295 pupils in the pre- There has thus been a loss of six schools and 14: pupils. The decrease is due to the abolition of six schools whose grants were withdrawn during the year for inefficiency and other reasons. The number of girls reading in boys schools has declined from 1,305 to 1,186. This loss is due to the exclusion from the returns of a number of maktabs teaching boys and girls together. The total number of girls under tuition was 1,339, against 1,600 in the previous year. The only middle vernacular girls' school in the district is the Chittagong girls' school, in which the average attendance of pupils has fallen from 17 to 14. The average attendance in schools in the interior has also declined. The Chittagong girls school has during the year undergone 8 complete change both in its constitution and instructive staff. The two branches into which the school was formerly divided have been united into one, and instead of two pandits there are now one pandit and one mistress. Thó Deputy Inspector reports that "every thing has been done to ensure the future success of this school." But the imniediate result of the change has been a decline in the number of pupils. Two girls from the Chittagong girls' school appeared at the lower primary scholarship examination. Both of them passed with credit, and one girl obtained a scholarship In Noakholly, the number of girls' schools has risen from 87 to 96. The number of girls reading in boys' schools has declined from 1,643 to 1,206, and the total number of girls under tuition has fallen from 2,466 to 2,096. This loss is due to the circumstance that a number of maktabs teaching boys and girls together have been excluded from the returns. The average attendance in middle vernacular girls' schools, as well as in stipendiary lower primary schools, has declined from 24 and 126 to, 22 and 97 respectively. This is unsatisfactory. The Noakholly girls' school did not send up any candidates to the examination of its class, nor to the upper primary exami. nation. The Deputy Inspector reports that he does not think it necessary to retain its grant any longer as a middle vernacular school. It sent up two candidates to the lower primary examination, both of whom passed with success. Six lower primary schools sent up 14 candidates, and 12 of them passed. 306. In the Patna Division, the number of girls' schools was 61 with 1,149 pupils, against 39 with 645. Girls in boys' schools of different classes numbered 3,523, against 3,241 in the preceding year. The chief girls' school is the one at Bankipore attended by 64 pupils. 307. In the Bhagulpore Division, the schools rose from 64 to 118 and their pupils from 1,149 to 2,268 (157 of these latter being boys). Girls in boys schools rose from 1,376 to 2,027. The increase in both schools and pupils is shared by all the districts, but Monghyr is much in advance of ·104 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR PHMALE EDUJATION, the other districts in the division. In Bhagulpore there was a gain of two schools and of 78 pupils, in Monghyr a gain of 36 schools and of 691 pupils, in Purneah of six schools and 23 pupils, in the Sonthal Pergunnahs of nine schools and 294 pupils, and in Maldah of two schools and 48 pupils. The total cost of 118 girls' schools with 2,268 pupils was Rs. 20,280, of which Government contributed Rs. 5,521. The expenditure from municipal funds was Rs. 268, from fees Rs. 646, and from all other sources, namely subscriptions and donations, Rs. 13,845. One hundrod and ten schools aided by Government, including the middle vernacular school at Bhagulpore, cost Rs. 20,214, and eight unaided schools cost Rs. 66. Of the 110 aided schools, eight schools with 425 pupils were assisted from the grant-in-aid allotmont and municipal funds, one with 18 pupils from the khas mehal grant, and 101 with 1,721 pupils from the primary grant. The Government cost of educating each girl was Rs. 2-7, and the total cost was Rs. 6-8. One girl from the Bhagulpore girls' school appeared at the upper primary scholarship examination passed in the second division, and obtainod a scholarship. In Monghyr four girls appeared at the lower scholarship primary examination, and two passed. In the Sonthal Pergunnahs five appeared at the lower primary examination and one from a boys' school passed. During the your under review the Director of Public Instruction, at the instance of the Deputy Commissioner of the Sonthal Pergunnahs, sanctioned 10 scholarships for girls-six of one rupoo and four of two rupees-each tenable for one ycar: Four of those scholarships were awarded to girls in the Mission schools and the rest to girls in schools under native management. In Maldah five girls competed at the lower primary examination, and one passed : this is the first time that a girl passed at a public examination from this district. In Purneal two appeared at the lower primary examination, and both passed. 308. In the Chota Nagpore Division, the schools advanced from 49 to 80, and their pupils from 1,482 to 2,638 (including 35 boys). Girls in boys' schools were 2,023, against 1,191. All the districts have shared in the increase, which is most marked in Singbboom. The Assistant Inspector writos- “It is worthy of prominent note that the small and outlying district of Singbhoom, otherwise backward, has advanced wonderfully in matters of female education, and can now safely stand in comparison with a majority of the most advanced districts of Bengal. The improvement, on the other hand, as will be shown further on, has not been in numbers only, but also in the efficioncy of the schools. I visited some of the institutions in last cold weather and was highly delighted to find that a large number of little girls in each school could not only read and explain passages from their text-books- Bodhoday and Sisusiksha-in a majority of cases, but could also work easy sums in European and native arithmetic, with remarkable facility. The best thanks of the department are due for these brilliant results to the Deputy Commissioner of the district, Major Garbett, whose devotion to the cause of primary and female education is simply admirable. In his cold weather tours, it is the custom of this officer, amidst his multifarious duties, to mix freely with the peoplo, with the view of encouraging them in opening new schools and to visit and inspect existing ones very minutely, distributing prizes in books, slates, jewellery, sweetmeats, and cash. In last winter he spent an amount of Rs. 600 from his own pocket towards these purposes. The chief field of female education in this district is Dhalbhoom-a pergunnah on the borders of Manbhoom and Midnapore, which is inhabited chiefly by Bengalis and partly by Sonthals. A great majority of our teachers and pupils are therefore Bengalis, the exceptions being chiefly confined to Sonthals. There are very fow Kols ( Hos or Uraons) in this part of Singbhoom; so that the progress made by the district in its female education is not owing 'partly to the independent character of the Kol women'as observed in paragraph 22 of the Government resolution on the general report of public instruction for the year 1883-84. The credit is entirely due to the great influence which Major Garbett has with the people of Singhbhoom, and to the warm interest and pleasure that he feels to work in the cause of education. It is gratifying to observe that, after the praiseworthy example of the people of Dhalbhoom, the Hos of the Kolhan also have since commenced to appreciate female eduotion. A certain number of schools were accordingly opened amongst them during the year under review."

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 105 FEMALE EDUCATION. 309. In Orissa, the schools rose from 32 to 59, and their pupils from 887 to 1,421. Of these 25 are grant-in-aid, 18 primary fund, four municipal, and 12 unaided schools: the majority of the grant-in-aid schools are under missionary management. No efforts have been made in Balasore to aid girls' schools froin the primary grant, but Cuttack has set a laudable example in this respect. The Deputy Inspector of Cuttack writes:- “The capabilities of this district in respect of female education have not hitherto been sufficiently appreciated. Thöre are two respectable castos in Orissa--the Karnns and Khandayats—which offer a promising field for the diffusion of an efficient system of female education. These castes generally keep their daughters unmarried to an advanced age, and do really give some sort of education to them in their own homos. They have no doubt their projudices in respect of sending their girls to public schools, but their prejudices may in many cases be removed by the exercise of a little persuusivo influence on the part of our inspecting officers. I am glad to bo able to any that our efforts in the direction of establishing schools for grown-up girls of these onstes have succeeded remarkably in the case of two villagos in the thana of Jajpur. Two schools have thus beon openod for the instruction of grown-up girls, and both of thom are taught by respectablo Ilindu ladies, theinselves unmarried, whose oxample will, it is hoped, bo largely followed. It may not be out of placra here to state that in respoot of efficiency of instruction those schools are superior to the grea. majority of lower primary schools in the district." A good beginning has also been made in Pooree in the matter of opening primary fund girls' schools, six new schools having been subsidized during the year under review. Three girls from Cuttack and two from Balasore passed the middlo vernacular scholarship examination, nino from Cuttack and six fronı Balasore the upper primary, and one from Cuttack, five from Poorco, and twenty from Balasore the lower primary examination. The Balasore Zenana Agency under Mr. Phillips receives a Government grant of Rs. 25, and teaches 67 pupils, who are taught on alternato days. In thic Orissa Tributary Mehals there were 4 schools with 72 pupils. There were also 188 girls in different classes of schools for boys. VIII.-EDUCATION OF EUROPEANS. EDICATION OF EUROLEANS 310. The year under roport completes the period of two years during which the Code was declared to be on probation. A report on the whole period of probation was submitted by Mr. Nash in March and formed a subject of discussion at the conference of Inspectors held at Nynee Tal in April and May. The conferenco submitted their report to the Government of India on the 11th of May, and the revised code with certain modifications was sanctioned by that Government in the Resolution of the Ilome Department dated the 9th June 1885. In accordance with the precedent of last year, I have thought it desirablo to lay Mr Nasl's report in full before Government, with a few unimportant verbal alterations. 311. The following table gives the number of Government, aided, and unaided schools and the number of scholars in them on the 31st March : - Number of schools on thu 31At March Number of scholars in them on the 318t Marroh C.ASS. 1884. 1885. 1984. 1 55. 1 Government Aided Unaided 1 49 13 53 15 97 4,915 913 92 5,053 1,264 Total 63 09 5,955 6,409 312. The boarding school of Kurseong is still the only Government school for Europeans in the province; the number of scholars is slightly less than it was last year. The number of aidod schools has increased from 49 to 53. St. Joseph's Seminary at Darjeeling has been restored to the list of aided schools St. Agnes' School, Howrah, has been divided into 2 schools, and 2 schools previously unaided, St. Scholastica's, Chittagong, and Miss O'Brien's, Calcutta, have received aid during the year. The number of scholars on the ·106 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR KDNICATION OF KUROPEANA. rolls on the 31st March in the aided schools was 5,053, and the average number on the rolls during the year was 4,860. The average daily attendance was 4,035, or about 83 por cent. of the average number on the rolls. Of the 13 unaided schools shown in last year's returns, 3 have been transferred to the list of aided schools, one private school in Calcutta was closed during the year; 2 new private schools have been opened in Calcutta and 4 schools that did not furnish any returns last year have now submitted then. The school at Somastipur on the Tirhoot State Railway was closed on the 31st March, the number of children having dwindled down to four. . The lists given below include all the European schools that are known to exist in Bengal, with the exception of a small school recently opened at Muddapur on the East Indian Railway. The total number of schools in the province is therefore 70, and the number of scholars attending school rather over 6,400. Of these 38 schools with 4,693 scholars are in Calcutta. 313. The table given below shows the classification of schools as primary, middle, and high according to article 14 of the Code. The Old Church Parochial Home is omitted, as it does not come under any of the definitions :- NUMBER OF SCHOLARS IN TREM ON TIIR SINT MARCET Yumbor of schools ou tbe 31st Murch LANS 1984. 1886. 1980. Boys. Girly. Total. Boys, , Girls. Total. High 11 15 1,366 347 1,718 1,522 888 2,077 Middle 34 35 1,551 1,809 3,419 1,600 1.927 9,657 Primary 10 11 320 487 703 262 48.9 725 Total 3. 2.712 0,055 8,444 2,985 8,889 The apparent increase of 4 in the number of high schools is due to the inclusion of 4 unaided schools that did not submit returns last year. The increase of 1 in the number of middle schools is also apparent, being due to the recognition of the free department of St. Agnes', Howrah, as a separate school under the name of St. Elizabeth's. This school belongs properly to the primary class, but it is now included among the middle schools, because the figures for last year include both schools. st. Placid's, Chittagong, has been transferred from the primary to the middle class, and St. John's Parochial School, Calcuttu, from the middle to the primary Among the primary schools there are 3 new private adventure schools, and 1 school of the same class has been closed, so that there is a total gain of 2 schools. 314. The Government expenditure on European education in Bengal for the last two years is shown in the following table :- 1888.84. 1884-86. Rs. Re. Government school 12,701 13,268 Monthly grants 70,870 79,829 Aided sohools Building and furniture grants 12,504 94,933 (Pupil-teachers' grants 900 1,552 Inspection 15,054 19,666 Scholarships 52 558 ... O. - Total 1,12,081 2,09,806 . This table shows an increase of expenditure under every head. The cost of the Government Boarding School at Kurseong increased by Rs. 567. The increase of Rs. 9,000 in the monthly grants to schools is due mainly to the additions to the number of aided schools during the last two years. The expenditure on building grants is at present abnormally high, but when the buildings now in course of erection are completed there will not be much demand for fresh grants. .

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 107 UTCATION OF EUROPRANS. The expenditure on pupil-teachers and on scholarships will gradually increase for two or three years, and will then remain nearly stationary. The cost of inspection has increased by Rs. 4,600 owing to grade-increments, and to the appointment of an Assistant Inspector and additional office establishment. 315. The following table shows the attendance and expenditure of high echools: High Schools. --- NUMBER OF PIP11,8 ON THE 88T MARCHI ACTIAL RECEIPTA FROM GOVERN- NBNT 20rar EXPENDILE NAYE OP BCHOOL. Management. 1914. 1R8. Monthly Gov. ernment krunt, 1884-85, Boys. Girls Boys, Girls. 1983-84. 1884-86, 1883-84. 1894-89. dided Schools. Bs. A. P. Rs. Ry, Rs. 1. St. James' Protestant 64 ... 1,349 .. ... ... 24,210) 2000 (a) 4,40) (e) 4,400 814 8 4 (5)11,423 (742,1112 . Preo School Ditto 245 246 131 105 88,888 115,6is& ... I. 3. Doveton Ditto 297 2 20 2 200 0 0 1,600 2,40X) 49,464 53,-250) ... 4. St. Xavier's 389 807 Ronnn Catho. lic. 200 0 0 (0) 1,686 7,299 60,711 ... 1.. . b. Ditto Branch Ditto 60 CO . 1,450 830 8,05+ Cnputation klant of Rs. 2 per scholur, Protestant 125 197 400 0 0 4,385 8,200 48,077 BIS . St. Paul's, Darjeeling Protestant European, Cuttack. Ditto 47 54 40 Cupitation (d) 2,717 1,080 1,788 0,917 . I.. 43 Roman Catho. lic, ... 1,352 1,143 10,490 ..FI K. St. Joseph's Seminary, Darjeeling. Total 1,283 102 1,2:28 1+7 29,202 69,456 2,60,082 2,73,772 Unaided Schools. 1. Couvent, Darjeeling 1..... 106 ... Roman Catho. lic. 1,4001 .... 2. Mr. Vallie' preparatory... Ditio 05 21 82 ***** 3. Loretto Hongo Ditto 9 123 IS 129 ... ... ..... Ditto 9 11 34 1. Convent, Hazaribagh 8. La Martiniere, Boys' 6. Ditto, Girls' J'rotoutunt 188 ... .... Intro) 90 . ... 8 122 ...... 7. Boveton lugtitution for young ladies, Total 83 148 207 51.3 1,100 This school receiver & grilut under the Code. (a) Inclusivo of the building grant of Rs. 2,000. (6) Inclusive of the pupil-tauchors' grant of Rs. 410 aud a special grant of Rs. 250 for furniture. (c) Inclusive of Rs. 500 sunotioved ar special grant for furniture. (d) Inclusive of Rs. 1,000 for furnituro, &. (e) Inclusive of the l'uilding grant of Rs. 1,000. () Inclusive of the building grunt of Rs. 30,000 and a pupil-tenchors' grant of Rs. 780. The grant to St. Joseph's Seminary, Darjeeling, was withdrawn in November 1883, and the school was returned as unaided last year. The grant was afterwards restored with effect from the 1st January 1881, the school being pluced under the Code. Both of the large high schools in Calcutta, St. Xavier's and the Doveton, show a decrease in the number of scholars, but this decrease is confined to the primary standards. There is also a considerable decrease in the girls' department of the Free School, but this is probably due to the loss of the day-scholars, in consequenco of the temporary removal of the school to Chinsurah during tho orection of the new school buildings. 316. University Entrance Examination.-Owing to the change of date from November to April, no examination was held during the year under report. There was also no examination by the alternative standard of the Code, for none of the schools have attempted to prepare candidates for examination by this standard.

·108 RETORT OF THE DIRECTOR EDUCATION OF 317. The following table shows the attendance and cost of middle schools :- CUROPEANS. Middle Schools. w NUMBER OF OUTILE ON TIK 318T MARCH ACTUAL RECEIPTS FROM GOVERNMENT. TOTAL EIPENDITORE. NAME OF SCHOOL. Management. 1884. 1888, Monthly Government grant, 1831-85. 1889-89. 1984-83. 1883-84. 1884-85. Rogs. Girls. Boys, Girls, Gouerntent. ks. Rs. Rs. RA. 1 kursong Boarding Protestant 37 40 BA SA 12,701 ... 13,209 27,012 20,601 - Aided Schools. .. 149 131 200 I. 135 129 257 ... . 30 277 10 130 2.1 998 37 80 19 30 3 290 149 1. 200 880) 2110) 170 1801 100) 030 .. Calcutta Girls' Ditto Bays' 3, Catholic Mnio Orphanage L'At. Janeph'n 6 Bow Bazar Loretto Dhurrumtolluli Lorotto 7 St. Mary's * N Paul's » Entally Orphanago 16 Ditto Boardunk und Day 11 Wellmut Memorial 12 Wesleyan Preparatory... 18 Pratt Memorial 11 MIN Stark's 15 St.Jolin's G rls' 10 Si Elizubeth's, Ilowruh . I'rotestant Ditto Roman Catholic Ditto Dito Jitto Ditto l'rotestant Roman Catholio Ditto Protestant Ditto Ditto Ditto Roman Catholic Ditto ... 39 8 ... 2,400) 2,400 (a) 1,106 1.720 (0) 8,174 | (l) 17,4N) 3,310 3,380 (c) 2,604) (m) 3,000 (tl) 3,120 (n) 2,426 (e) 1,920) (0) 1,158 1,100) (0) 20,800 8,000 8,000) 1,193 (9) 0,298 1,100) (r) 21,900 1,170 530 1,599 420 (h) 1,030 (s) 1,130 158 18,097 17,387 10,468 14,49749 4,7133 0,380) 0,192 2,493 17,077 11,884 3,819 2,400 10,500) 2,375 1,638 I. 19,980 11,345 16,491 7,180 6,08 9.999 7,380 8,008 24,847 15,404) 8,849 1,884 1,2:38 1,003 1,505 2,037 2.30 6) 69 ... 73 21 57 511 15 89 .. 11 73 O 10 100 + ... . I. 17 18 13 w S1 38 65 265 Captation grant 10. . of Re. 1 por Rs. 17 St. Agnes', Ditto 1. S3 70 6,127 0,502 33 100) 18 Nt. Tiomas', 29 E.I, K., Jamalpur 20 Dito, Assensolo 21 Dilto, Buzar Dillo, Salubguruko 3 Diuto, Kaloegungo) ... 24 St. Marlinol's (toorji) %3Convent, Assonsolo Protestant Titta Dito litto Duito Dito Romani ('ntholic Ditto 24 61 2:2 17 16 10 50 100 35 21 7 3,876 4.007 9, 466 2:37 1,119 1,210 11,378 0,8032 Moliolar And 10 for housp-ront. 49 Capitationgront (i) 1,331 (t) 007 of RA. I per scholar, 22 134 1,0.30 1,090 113 3,019 (u) 2,015 20 742 7:12 20) 89 1,157 1,00 S450) 3080) 10 819 (7) 120 1,040)(v) 1,410) 20 Capitcion grant of Re, 1 par Acholar. 21 TOO 823 3 84 6) 8,008 73 200 SS 60 720) (w) 720 11 Oapitation grant 840 905 of Ry, 2-8 & head. (k) 662 1,009 3,324 13,435 8,807 2,747 1.008 1,318 9,491 4,916 RS 8 1) ly du 97 15 4:7 0 61 16 9- 8 9,609 26 EJ. R., Klagnul 27 Convint, Cuttack Daljvelink Girls' Convent Orpliannge, Rankipur 30 1 Europan and Eurasiun, Dacca Protestant Roman Catholic Protestunt Homan Catholic Protestant 19 64 07 30 11 4,872 34,15 85,883 4,681 . 33 32 ... 1,010 31 St. Piacul's R. C. Day, Chittagong .. Roman Catholic 79 83 1. 1.138 2,400 Total 1,658 ... 1,828 1,6-40 14. 47,801 $7,001 2.23,297 2,32,439 Unaided Schools. 87 109 71 14 12.00 ... Jewish Boys' and Girls' Campbell'ottage si Couvent Buurdiniy, Bankipur Jawishi Protestant Koman Ontholic 101 7 33 40 1 14 Total ..... 170 78 1.48 * Thcsc schools receive a grant under the Code. (a) Grant incrhallod froin RH. 85 to Rs. 137 from Junuary 1835. (6) Inclusive of the furniture grant of Rs. 774. Ditto of the pupil-Wachers' Frart of Rs.100. Ditto ditto ditto of Rs. 210, and a spacul grant of Rs. 1,000 for un omnibus. Ditto of the furniture gruil of Rs. 200, and a pupil-tonchers' vrant of Rs. 150), (1) Dildo of Rs. 335 for replies und Rs. 100 lor furniture. 10) Received and fruja 146 January last. (1) Tuclusive of Rs. 260) for furuiture, Ditto of Rs. 300 for ditt and an omnibus. Ditto of the builting grant of ks. 5,000. (k) Received aid from 1st May 1493. (1) Inclusive of the building prout of Rs. 15,000. Ditto of the special grant for furniture of Rs. 600. (n) Ditto of the pupil-leachern" grant of RN. 38ts. (0) Ditto ditto ditto of RX, 434, (p) Ditto of the building grant of Rs 10000. (4) Ditto ditto ditto of RX, 8,000. (r) Ditto ditto ditto or Rs. 20,000. (4) Ditto of the special giant of Rs. 550 for 4D omnibus. (t) Ditto of the building grant of Rs. 300. (u) Ditto of tho monthly boarding grant. (v) Exclusivo of the military trant. Ditto ditto ditto. (7) Grant increased froiu Rs. 00 to Rs. 120 from 1st April 1884.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 109 EDUCATION OF EUROPEANS, The changes among the middle schools have already been alludod to. St. Joseph's Convent Boarding School at Bankipur and the Jewish Boys' and Girls' School , Calcutta, though unaided, are both inspected and examined under the Code in the same manner as aided schools. The former has recently applied for a grant. 318. The figures for primary schools are given below :- Primary Schools. ULAN NUMBER OP PUPILS ON THE 31ST MARCTI ACTUAL RECRIPTA FROM GOVERNMENT. TOTAL EXPENDITURB. NAME OF Sonool. Managomont. 1881, 1885. Monthly Government grant, 1884-85. 1983-84 1884-85. 1883-84. 1885-95, Roys, Girla. Boys. Girls, Aided schools. Rs. A, P. ks. Ru. P.8. Ry. 26 18 ... 23 03 00 2,400 : 1 Nt. Stephen's 2 E. F, 0, Asylum 3 St. James kleinentory 4 Bt. Jolm's Parochin 5 Miss ('krien's 0 St. Martha's l'rotestant Milto Ditto Ditto Intto Roman Catholic 770 (0)8,200 800 (PALA 1,967 1.5,191 2,03N .(M)4 ... 2,091 15,184 2,374 2,418 1,719 1,200 20 (a)1,080 (6)...... ... 39 10 8 178 10 .. 216 RO 1,200 17 W 000 2(M) () () 43 75 0 02 31 SB5 11 Capitation grant of Rs. 1 per scholar, 20 Cupitation krunt of Ry, 3 per boarilor. 9 900) () 3 311 7 01 0) 0 7 Old Church Parochu) Home Protestant 20 647 706 2,522 It 10 16 1,99 1,164 Ditto Ditto Ditto 364 8.77 700) 360) 880) (9)863 23 13 9 1,983 2,200 8 Bebop Milman's, Howrah 9 E. 1. R., Runipur Hat 10 English Church Scbool and Towe, Cuttack, 11 Europan, Saidpur 1 Ditta, Dina pin 1: Conv. nt, Parvenh 11 st. Scholasticu's, Corttikoni 1.10: Ditto Ditto Roman Catholic Dicto 10 6 2 37 9 20 19 450 (0)263 994 300 7,615 1.IN (h) 9.40) 1,161 1,62233 4,243 4,28 71 Tutul 178 158 337 9,02" 19,827 30,077 ,387 71 07 co 82 . Unaurd Schoola. 1. Brnevolent Institution | Miss Cooper's 3 Builway School, Boinnstipar.. 4 M2MB Rend' Day School M18. Josepli's 0 Mrs. Peter's 5 1 Protcutant Ditto Ditto Roman Catholic Jutto Ditto (0)3 (j) 13 20 .. .... . 13 18 .... Total 101 126 104 126 . These schools recorre prants under the Cole. (a) Inclusive of furmture grunt of Rs. 480. (6) Aided from the 1st September 188+. (r) Aided from 1st October 1883, inclusive of Rs. 100 for furniture, (d) Received aid from Int April 1884. () Exclusive of the Military grant. (1) Inclusive of the sprealgmut of Rs. 288. (0) Incinsive of the special grunt of Rx. 89 for furniture. () Inclusive of the building krunt of Rs. 0,373. (1) cloned during the year. (j) Ditto on the 31st March 1888. St. Scholastica's school, Chittagong, and Miss O'Brien's, Calcutta, received grants during the year. One of tho unaided schools, Miss Cooper's, was closed during the year, and the railway school at Somastipur ut the end of the year. The last three schools on the list have been opened recently, 319. Scholarship Examination. The first examination under the Code was held in December 1883. At thit time the limits of age for primary and middle scholarships were 11 and 14 years respectively, and for certificates 13 und 16 years respectively. In that year 6 schools sent up 13 candidates for middle scholarships, and 7 schools sent up 21 candidates for middle certificates ; 7 schools sent up 14 candidates for primary scholarships, and 14 schools sent up 45 candidates for primary certificates. The total number of competing schools was 14, and the total number of candidates 93. In 1884 the limits of age for scholarships were raised by one year, and the limits for candidates for certificates were withdrawn. Girls also were allowed to compete for scholarships, while in 1883 they could obtain certificates only. Owing to these changes and the greater notoriety that had been obtained by the publication of the results of the provious examination, the number of competing schools rose from 14 to 31 and the number of candidates from 93 to 320. The number of candidates for middle scholarships increased from 13 to 24, one candidate being a girl. The number of candidates for primary scholarships increased fronu 14 to 103, 41 of these being girls. There were 49 candidntes (12 girls) for middle ·110 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR PICATION OF EUROPLANS. certificates, and 144 (57 girls) for primary certificates. Only 1 of the candidates for middle scholarships obtained the requisite number of marks, so that only 1 scholarship was awarded out of 5 that might have been given by the rules, which allow one scholarship to be given for every ten candidates in each circle. At the primary examination all of the scholarships were awarded, 8 being gained by boys and 5 by girls. 320. The following table shows the result of both examinations:- Results of the Scholarship Examinations hell in 1883 and 1881. NOMDBH OF SUCCERSPUL CANDIDATEN. Vuunber of competik schools. Nunler of Nuniber of candidates, xbsont(49. Vumber of scholarships obtained. First Ola 8. Second cluns. Third clayn. Total, 1863. 1884. 1883, 1881. 1889. 1884. 1883. 1894. 1883. 1884. 1883. 1884. 1888. 1886. 1983. 1881. Middle scholarship, boys 8 10 13 23 1 1 1 0 1 1 OL B 9 3 girls 1 ... ... .. 1 certificate, boys ... 5 13 37 1 7 1 3 3 10 8 girls ... 3 6 8 12 1 ... ... .. 4. . 4 Total ... 1+ 31 73 3 11 1 1 0 4 7 25 17 SO 3 Plurnary scholarship, Loy .. 7 18 2 6 3 5 0 19 2 18 11 39 3 girls 13 1 5 5 6 ... 18 ... 8 02 82 87 5 12 6 13 26 15 23 ... fertilicute, Lys girls 6 11 13 67 3 13 ... 12 1 16 12 לי 43 13 Total 18 28 59 6 ſ 247 15 33 40 9 63 148 .. 3 GRAND TOTAL 14 31 99 820 9 39 16 94 35 16 90 65 ins 6 321. In both years there were many more candidates for certificates than for scholarships. This shows that the popularity of the examination does not depend upon the pecuniary reward offered by Government, and Mr. Nash is of opinion that if no scholarships had been given last year, the number of candidates would have been very little smaller than it actually was. The list of successful candidates is published in the Calcutta Gazette, and is also sent to every school, whether aided or unaided. At the next cxamination it is expected that the number of competing schools will be larger than it was last year, but that there will not be any large increase in the number of candidates. It is probable that many of the schools will refuse to send up any but the best scholars in order to avoid the risk of failure. It is not likely that the number will decrease, for both the scholars themselves and their parents aro very anxious to obtain the certificates. The result of the middle scholarship and certificate examination in 1884 was very poor; more than half of the candidates failed to get 30 per cent. of the aggregate marks, and only 5 obtained 45 per cent., of whom 1 only was under the limit of age. One boy obtuined over 60 per cent., and was placed in the first division, but he had previously passed the Entrance Examin. ation. This shows that none of the schools have been able to work fully up to the seventh standard. 322. The two tables given below show the result of the scholarship examination for each school separately. In the middle scholarship examination the Catholic Male Orphanago stood first in order of merit, passing all the 4 candidates and obtaining the only scholarship that was awarded. The Calcutta Female Nornial School, though not recognised as a European school, sont up 3 candidates, all of whom passed. In the primary scholarship examination the Darjeeling Girls' School was most successful; 13 candidates were sent up, of whom 11 passed in the first division, and 2 in the second; both the ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 111 RDICATION OF BUROPKANS. scholarships allotted to the circle were gained by pupils from this school. The Welland Memorial School stands second with 5 candidates, 2 in the first division and 3 in the second; both of those in the first division obtaining scholarships. The Calcutta Free School, the Convent School at Cuttack, the Loretto Day School, Bow Bazar, and St. Thomas' School at Howrah did very well in the examination. A boy from the last-named institution stood first in order of merit. Result of the Middle Scholarship Examination, 1884-85. NUMBER OF CANDI- DATES FOR NUMBER PASSED IN THE NAMB OF SCHOOL, REMABAS. Scholarship Cerlificate. Number absent. Number of scholarships gsiued. First divisiou. Second division. Third division. Total, ... .. ... 8 5 1 15 3 ...... 9 3 1 II . 1 .. . ... I. .. ... .. . Dovoton College Calcutta Free Sohool St. Xavier's College Ditto Branch St. Paul's, Darjeeling Caloutta Boys' St. Josoph's Catholic Mule Orphanage E. I. R., Jainalpur St. Michaulin, Coorji Bow Bazar, Loretto Dhurrumtollah, Lorotto... Pemalt Normal Sobool Girls', Darjeeling Total 1 1 1 8 ... 640 2 ... .... 1 1 1 3 4 1 1 1 1 8 1 . IN dad - 2+ 49 11 1 OG 1 Result of the Primary Scholarship Examination, 1884-85. NUMBER OF CANDI. DATES FOL NUMDER PASSED IN TIK NAME OP SCHOOL. ILENARKS. Scholarship. Certificate. Number absent. Number of scholarships kuued. First division, Second division. Thurd division, Total. 5 10 8 6 ". ... .. ) ... 10 3 6 2 1 8 2 - 5 NO 19 6 9 5 4 11 11 ... 1 2 7 1 9 6 18 2 6 3 9 10 S .... 10 3 ... 10 .. 1 8 8 ... III .11. II. .. •10 ... .. .. ... 1 3 9 8 3 9 1 11 2 ... Doveton College Calcutta Free School St. Xavier's Collona Welland Memorial Caloutta Boys' Bt. James' Higla Ht. Joseph's Catholic Malo Orphanage St. Paul's St. Thomas', Howrah Jewish Boys' and Girls' Bt. James' Elementary Dhurrumtollah, Lorotto... Bow Babar, Loretto Girls', Darjeeling Calcutta Girls' Wesleyan Preparatory Miagas Stark's Batally Orphanaga Bt. Chrysuntom's E. I. P. Sahebgunj St. Joseph's Convent, Cuttack St. Michael's, Cnorji E. I. R., Kbapaul Ditto, Raneugunj Protestant European, Cuttank... Government Boarding, Kurseong St. Paul's, Darjeeling Total 1 10 10 2 ...... ... ... 11. ..... X 1 1 1 1 End Recon 1 ... ... 10 .... ... 10 ... I. 19 3 B S 000 1 1 1 1 1 8 1 ... ...... HO 1 2 8 ...10 10. 5 6 7 ..... 109 ih 83 00 90 148 18 19.

·112 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR EDUCATION OF EUROPEANS, 323. Mr. Nash in his report on the working of the Codo during the last two the examinations held last year with those of the Results of the Examinations LE AU PIERCENTAGE OF PEROENTAGE ELEMENTARY Standard. CLA98. Yumber of schools esaunined. Number of scholars enter. ed on the examination schedule, Non-Euro. poane Scholars Aloqualitud Acholars Absontece. by eligible for inmutflci. instruction grant. attendances. anny of Reading. Writing. Arithmetic. 1983-84. 1SS+93. 1991-85. 1833-81. 1833-34. 1951-83. 1883-34. 1884-85. 1683-84. 1884-85. 1983-84. 183-84. 1883-84. 1884-85. olan 182 178 80 198 23 16 4 20-2 2A6 1996 09:1 6'5 42 08 1 70-3 0 7 10 21 7.68 High sch0014 Middle schools for loya Ditto for girls Primary schools Total 7 212 19 50 128 277 133 119 235 130 49 51.8 780 R04 000 909 950 DOR 39 2 900 8049 R22 841 98 1 389 870 82 758 878 708 72 38 2007 239 713 R008 772 77'5 888 0.8 0591 694 98 34 208 23') 882 678 83292 898 88 777 805 6 87 85 80-8 Il High schools Aliddin schools for boys Ditto for girls Primary schools 126 172 300 131 102 179 907 1 # 19 17 37 108 11'R 17 2.9 34 858 SA 71 28 99 10 167 1163 29.4 21 15 123 10 20 92 20 54.9 713 8006 829 03:8 NO 90:1 84'3 809 887 1923 917 347 849) 887 87'G 09'8 7746 898 878 789 77'5 55'4 744 54.7 878 53 779 Total .. 48 66 720) 734 30 126 18 779 760 879 ol 778 882 694 60 ) 6 7 82 8 0+ 111 Nigh schools Middlo schooly for bove Ditto for girls Primary schools 10 15 129 197 2+1 12 159 200 2718 78 2005 3.55 25 61 1' 22 103 123 13 18-3 178 11) 6 14.5 11'i 33 2' 17 1'6 70'5 781 793 779 66 + 70 H11 744 012 9:21 R22 N56 88 41 899 81'1 879 78-8 010) 681 70 5 89.9 70's 789 802 72-5 70 72-8 75'8 673 6006 537 17 .. Totul ... 63 (179 700 37 30 15.3 16-08 77 757 85.1 886 680 79'03 74 307 12:1 9'6 720 82-8 21.1 059 8 167 126 206 4 7 15 14 IV 121 149 1K3 6:3 Iliylı salooja Middle schools for boys Ditto for girls Primary schools Total 82 8'1 2:9) ! 149 85 98 179 109 125 13 29 33 18) 694 8233 817 90 5 739 736 977 81 5007 01067 752 770 86-9 42:1 12 835 854 8509 76 929 854 847 400 724 ... 488 683 47 43 3 10 128 81:8 79 8 82-7 SX4 0898 881 5115 043 131 142 164 402 429 High schools Middle schools for loy intto fur girls Primary schools 6 7 13 6 8:1 32 V 7 8 21 b 162 1 133 1.3 119 4 3 68 11 16 167 7'6 68 10 58.2 HR2 HA4 W 061 883 874 70.9 821 800 816 778 81 2:1 700 80'7 015 70 56'1 087 78 80 20 393 002 BO 60 71:1 850 613 389 .. I. Total 81 41 333 67 6'0 700 ... 29 | 10 114 783 787 832 88• 30 B 48'2 616 13'5 8'1 799 11.9 10 High schools Mulde schools for brnya Ditt 696 V] 7 7 16 1 16 6.94 101 61 78 188 88 64 4) 58 40 TECH GAS 094 832 907 7718 09.1 84.1 87.7 UN 6 978 811 01'4 for kiris 5'8 482 822 009 6-8 8.36 793 . 800 529 "Total 19 30 180 293 7 66 48 9 11'1 829) 928 879 007 807 711 02-4 521 167 R21 VII . Thigh school Middle role for boys Ditto for girls 25.6 40 00) 80 8 4 13'3 10 3:3 4 40 A5 10 95'8 69'9 824 807 100 05 9607 4:1 7018 00 782 71'4 Total ... 7 19 47 110) 2:1 43 10'9 030 77'3 95'6 89'5 08-2 7808 608 947 6 7 11' 28 1 84-7 Total for nl stund ards, HIKI Nchool Mickie chool for love for kurs Priinary schools 612 790 8 798) 857 22 1,100 1,3015 20 488 429 saat 7.9 80 09 4.1 34 22 2'4 S'S 1108 118 145 10'8 191 089 155 822 163771 15'0 789 016 798 794 77'1 27 R014 81'1 8N5 826 674 672 7703 789 80'4 841 8997 634 782 643 637 917 887 84'1 054 BOB 60'7 21 14 I. GRAND TOTAL FOR ALL b'HOOL BO 57 3,02 8,375 4:1 61 05 27 13 6 169 .. II 769 758 8K1 893 12 4 8167 60'6 321. Mr. Nash observes that tho method of classification of schools in this table is the saine as in the corresponding table on page 138 of last year's report, and does not quite agree with the method adopted in previous paragraphs. In this table an attempt has been made to place each school in the class to which it will probably belong in future, while in the foregoing tables the schools havo been classified according to their present status. The difference between the two modes of classification is loss than it was last year, as the schools are gradually settling down into their proper places, but there are still five primary schools in which the highest class is beyond Standard IV. In two of those the fifth standard has been abolished since the last examination, but the other three are still oscillating betwoen the primary and middle classes.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION, 113 EDUOATION OF years, which was submitted in March, gave a table comparing the results of preceding year. This table is reproduced below:- EUROPEANS. hell in 1883-84 and in 1884-86. ---- OP PASSES IN PERCENTAGE OF SCHOLARS PASSED IN SUBJECTS. CLABS SUBJBCT8. SPECIAL SUBJECT www Threo elemontary subjects. Two ole. mentary subjects. Percentace of instruction grant earned One olemont. ary subjoct. No clement. ary subject. The three Olumentary subject takon toyother. English. Neople work, Geography History. Mathematics. Latin. 1683-84 1894-85. 1883-84. 1884-86. 1893-94. 1984-85. 1983-84. 1884-85. 1883-84. 1981-85. 1583-84 1894-55, 1883-84. 1884-85. 158+-85. 183+86. 1883-84. 155 +85. 1683-84. 189 +85. 188+83. 869 759 ... 172 9,1853-84. 88 8805 925 85-8 829 19:1 2:56 90'9 981 914 1199 1 15.1 79'4989 831 7998 94 1 72 7 7098 63-2 038 02:3 840 16 2 4'5 09 168 079 09 11 2 37 22 % 27 879 78 78 159 890 808 INIC 448 ... '9 009 713 21. 2014 11 %'1 090 714 668 V. 83.3 78 748 733 708 N27 788 79 8 89-1 752 8418 727 200 563) 30 9:"8 010 617 5694 421 69-5 $12 22 :) 26 177 78.6 814 P 50 $ 001 4X2 62 37'5 3119 417 899 10+ 16'3 152 177 3:1 77 900 69 1 01" 3:3 70'1 7998 888 81'5 ... 79'6 81" 483 BU 7 303 47 7 15'1 S 99 ILL 87. 671 $+7 3.0 ... 4: 11 17:1 11'8 80-8 799 766 768 8006 728 743 7890 38 1 498 713 719 NO'S 66' MI 621 789 687 488 7818 728 297 3:36 280 781 67 1 80* 55'4 421 481 431 16:3 B2-6 620 399 27 UR 116 31 74 NG (137 . 769 75 64'1 79% 848 033 781 ... 511 ... 472 28.3 393 1699 91 .. 19 01C 1. 147 1.. ... 15'0 40 4 075 792 89'4 JOU 740 N17 837 718 20 77 356 547 6+7 046 23:1 53 729 (13'6 05:1 91 794 771 80-8 833 768 80'5 33.9 888 266 46' 635 029 117 299 870 299 80'4 787 222 113 172 022 7*! 75' 6.99 7 1 191 191 104 . 677 7996 794 807 6433 7899 891 641 317 9:3-5 183 80 31 705 III 28.2 284 215 18'5 343 480 9 16 . 18 89 ! 508 7007 68 571 57.3 00-9 782 70' 222 61% 80-5 29% 711 40 410 899 5) ' 444 11'3 689 91 g 89'3 61'8 BVB 20 262 458 381 00 245 183 105 384 265 149 10- 234 193 153 10 1102 30 12:3 079 70" 833 333 434 278 310) 338 187 167 20 . 847 669 46'! 70'0 42'5 892 83.8 824 34-1 383 93'1 30-6 882 361 197 1419 2.1 X5 217 28.2 426 37 710 097 77'4 2018 17* B09 652 62'S 430 78 25.9 S11 60 29 491 091 11'8 183 849 50'4 783 06'7 29 87'4 06.7 418 211 25'9 207 483 358 491 333 1097 278 311 121 2117 241 108 ... 978 62' 83.3 01" 370 17 100 09 719 36'3 01 3 ASS 3603 409 37.3 42-2 69 7 809 970 84'4 36'8 40'N 417 229 19'8 19 2:1 48 46'2 128 25-6 337 : 10 10. 59 720 701 69 471 828 3805 1102 88'1 794 778 338 89.1 478 478 80:8 81" 26:1 307"R 353 8705 584 235 517 217 143 57 118 38 19-2 93 3 68 6896 614 094 31 198 610 735 0677 082 647 08 492 818 46.6 498 478 898 798 SA 6 294 182 103 6.9 488 2498 36'6 51.9 3892 407 8.9. 1. 09'1 788 7097 74-8 717 789 788 777 49.1 638 712 03.1 しかし 63'5 703 808 8108 17.3 873 48'8 937 5.37 353 40-6897 616 4002 42-7 08 % 62-3 626 192 174 1.1% 16) 850) 926 361 367 18:15 107 95 77 7 30 84 704 009 019 R2-3 81'8 113 31'03 448 611 1007 50 8 8966 24 *6'1 07 74 7792 0905 702 82-8 472 60 88'9 887 4896 84'9 397 36'4 489 6096 809 358 163 10'8 48 88 632 ... The middle schools have been divided into boys' schools and girls ' schools, but the other classes are not so divided. One of the high schools, the Protestant European School, Cuttack, contuins both boys and girls ; in the figures for 1883-84 the boys' department was shown as a high school and the girls' department as a middle school: since that time, however, the primary classes of the two departments have been amalgamated, and the whole school has been shown as a high school. All the other high schools and the middle schools for boys contain boys only, but in the schools classed as girls' schools about 12 per cent of the scholars are boys. Almost all of the primary schools contain both boys and girls ; there are only two schools exclusively for girls and only one for boys. The boys' school will shortly be raised to the middle class.

·114 REPORT OF TIIE DIRECTOR EDICATION OR ETRO'BANA, 325. The increase from 50 to 57 in the number of schools examined is partly rcal and partly nominal; in some cases the pay and free departments of a school are now reckonod as separate schools. The increase of the high schools from 6 to 7 is real. St. Joseph's Seminary was examined for the first time last year. The boys' department of the East Indian Railway School at Kbagaul was opened in 1883, and placed on the list of aided schools in 1884, and this accounts for the increase of 1 in the number of middle schools for boys. Of the 6 additional middle schools for girls, only 2-the Pratt Memorial and the Misses Stark's--are new schools not examined in 1883-84; the others are either transferred from the primary class, or are separato departments of other schools now treated as separate schools. In the primary class 3 new schools were examined last year,--the European School at Dinapur, St. Scholastica’s at Chittagong, and Miss O'Brien's in Calcutta. The last was unaided at the time of the examination, but has since recoived a grant. The total number of scholars entered in the schedules increased from 3,024 to 3,375. To show the rate of increase it is necessary to exclude all the scholars in schools that were not examinod in 1883-84, and also the scholars in the seventh standard of the high schools, since theso were not examined in the first year. After making these deductions the number of scholars in the schedules has increased by 178, or 5.9 per cent. The following table shows the increase or decrease in cach standard: NURILOR COLABS IN STANDARD) YIR. TOTAL. II Il IV VI VIL 5.7. 189 1983-84 1994- 720 644 079 717 498 632 333 35% 47 00 3,094 3,203 The table shows a decrease of the number of scholars in the first and second standards, and an increaso in all the higher standards. Mr. Nash does not seem to think that much value can be attached to these figures at present, as the new system is still in its infancy, but they seem to show a tendency on the part of scholars to remain longer at school than they did formerly. This tendeney was pointed out to him by the managers of some of the schools, especially girls' schools. In 1883-84 16 per cent. of the scholars in middle schools for girls were in the middle standards, while in 1884-85 the number lad risen to 18 per cent. In boys' schools the percentage of scholars in the middle standards has remained stationary. 20. Non-Europeans.---Tho number of non-Europeans has increased from 124 to 173, or from 4:1 to 5:1 per cent. This increase has taken place in all classes of schools, and in all the standards except the sixth. In the table Jews and Armenians are counted as Europeans, and Indo-Chineso as non- Europeans. In accordance with recent orders of the Government of Bengal, Armenians who are naturalized British subjects will henceforth be considered as Europeans, but all other Armenians as non-Europeans. Asiatic Jews and Indo-Chinese will be treated as non-lờuropeans. It has not boon thought necessary to introduce this classification into the present report, as it was ordered subsequently to the Resolution of the Government of India sanctioning the revised code, and leaving certain doubtful points to the decision of Local Goveriments. The non-Europeans are thus classified-Native Christians 59, Hindus 47, Mahomedans 19, Burmese 19, Parsis 12, Chinese 12, Indo-Chinese 5. Native Christians are found in most of the schools in Calcutta, and in a few of the mofussil schools, but with very few exceptions the other classes are found only in the high schools in Calcutta, and in the Calcutta Boys' School. Tho schools that contained the highest percentage of non-Europeans were St. Xavier's Branch (24:3), the Doveton (23.3), St. Placid's (162), Miss O'Brien’s (12.5), and St. Xavier's (12.1). Ten other schools contained from 5 to 10 per cent. . 327. Absenter8.-Only 2.7 per cent. of the scholars were absent on the day of examination against 5.5 por cent. last year. These figures are not very trustworthy, as it is not known whether the names of all the absentees were entered in the examination schedules. The number of scholars in oach ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 115 BDUCATION OF BUROPEANG. In every class is given in the managers' returns; but the entries made ure su inaccurate that no conclusions can be drawn from them. The annual roturns submitted in May show a much larger number of scholars eligiblo for examination, espocially in the higher standards, but these ruturns cannot be trustod. 328. The number of scholars disqualified for instruction grants by insuffici. ency of attendances has increased from 13.5 to 16-3 per cent. The increase is greatest in the high schools, and this is due to tho fact noticed in the last report that in the Doveton the attendances had been registered for two · months only, and therefore the number of scholars who had made less than the minimum number of attendancus was very small. Tho increase in othor classes of schools is due to tho influx of now scholars after tho boginning of the year rather than to greater irrogularity of attendanco. 329. The number of scholars eligible for instruction grants has decreased from 76:9 to 75.8 per cent., so that about one-fourth of tho scholars are disqualified for various reasons, 3:30. Elementary subjects. In the last report it was stated that the percentuge of passes in the thiroo olementary subjocts taken together was tho best test of the comparative morits of different classes of schools. This test is open to the objection that it takes no account of the class subjects, though English is quito ns inportant as any of the elenicntary subjects. In the presont report the percentage of grants earned in the elementary and class subjects taken together las been given; this gives a better test of the merits of different schools of the same class, but it is scarcely fair to apply it to schools of different classes, since the number of subjects taken up is niuch larger in high than in middle schools, while in middle schools it is much larger than in primary schools. Judgod by the first test, the high schools are the worst of the four classes, the other threo being nearly equal; but a comparison of the schools, standard by standard, shows very wide variations from this arrangement. In class of schools the percentage of passes was higher than it was in the previous year, the inprovement being greatest in middle schools for boys. The percentage of scholars who passed in all the three elementary subjects also increased from 48 to 50:6, and the percentage of scholars who passed in two at least out of the three subjects, and so qualified themselves for an instruction grant, roso from 78-9 to 85.4. The passes in reading have increused from 85:1 to 89.3 per cent. The higli schools have slightly deteriorated in this subject, but the other three classes have improved, the improvement being chiefly in the primary standards. In writing the improvement is much greater, from 724 to 81.7 per cent., and it is more equally distributed throughout the standards. In arithmetic there is a slight decrease in the percentage in all classes of schools, except the high schools. The questions set in 1883-84 were rather easier than in 1884-85; in the former year the schools had not workod fully up to the standards, and allowance was mado for this in setting the papers. Last year Mr. Nash set questions in accordance with the standards in the Code, and the result shows that at present the schools cannot work up to these standards. He therefore recomniended a reduction of the course prescribed for all the standards above thu tlıird. In the second and third standards, a large proportion of the failures were due to errors in numeration; it seems reasonable to expect that tliis brunch of the subject will be moro carefully taught in future, and therefore Mr. Naslı did not think it necessary to recomiend any roduction in the work of these standards. Mr. Nash's recommendations were not accepted by the conference of Inspectors. 331. Class subjects.-In English there has been a considerable increase in the number of passes, but in the standards above the third this is mainly due to the reduction of the work prescribed which was sanctioned last year. A few girls' schools were examined in needlework in 1883-84, but the results were not tabulated. In 1884 definite rules for the method of examination were published, and all the girls' schools wero examined in accordance with these rules. The figures given in the table show that all the standards did In geography all the standards have improved excopt the fifth, but the third and fourth are the only standards that have done fairly well. P 2 very well.

·REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR EDUCATION OF EUROPEANS, French by 5 scholars, of whom 3 passed; Bengali was taken up scholars that 116 In history all the classes have done badly: In the fifth standard only Indian history is_required, and in the sixth and seventh standards both Indian and English history. Indian history is much too difficult and uninteresting for children, and this accounts for a large proportion of the failures. Indian history bas now been cut out of standards V and VI, and a considerable improvement may be expected. In mathematics also the results were very poor, the failures being chiefly in geometry. Very few of the teachers knew how to teach this subject properly, and as a rule the boys learn the propositions of Euclid by heart, and do not understand them at all. In the new Code an attempt has been made to remedy this by postponing the study of geometry till the sixth standard is reached, and by requiring the scholars to be able to work out easy deductions. Object lessons have been regularly given in only two or three schools. In England a list of the object lessons given during the yoar is submitted to the Inspector at his annual visit; he selects one lesson and calls upon the teacher to give it again in his presence. At a certain stage in the lesson ho questions tho children himself or requires the teacher to do so, and gives or withholds the grant according to the amount of intelligenco displayed in the answers of the children. This is almost equivalent to an examination into the teacher's knowledge of the proper method of giving the lessons. But in the Indian Code as it stood last year object lessons were class subjects and therefore could not help degenerating into a mere cramming up of a certain number of facts, since in these subjocts the Inspector is required to examine each child individually and enter the result in the scholars' registers. For the reasons stated above, Mr. Nash did not examine the scholars individually in this subject, although it was included among the class subjects. In the new Code the subject is excluded from this category, and the grant is given on the average attendance. 332. Special subjects. With the exception of the high schools, in which Latin is generally taught, very few of the schools attempted any of the special subjects. Latin was taken up by 201 scholars, of whom 117 passed; by scholars, of whom I passed. Mr. Nash was not able to examine the scholars that had been taught Urdu, but arrangements have since been made for examining in this subject next year. In one or two schools botany was taught, but Mr. Nash did not examine in this subject. No arrangements were made last year for conducting the examination in drawing, and consequently no scholars were examined in this subject, but the Principal of the Government School of Art has been asked to take the necessary steps in the present year. 333. Financial results of the examinations. The financial results of the examinations were given in detail in the report submitted in March, and a new scale of grants based upon these results has been accepted by Government. It cloes not appear necessary to repeat these details. Calculated on the old scale the average amount of grant for elementary subjects earned by each scholar who was eligible for instruction grants has risen from Rs. 10-4-8 to Rs. 11-1-0 and the average amount earned by each scholar on the schedules from Rs. 7-14-7 to Rs. 8-6-3. The total earnings of all the schools on the elementary subjects alone has increased from Rs. 23,920 to Rs. 26,139. The earnings in the class subjects now amount to Rs. 10,835; last year they were estimated at Rs.11,000 or Rs. 12,000, but this was probably much too high. The carnings in tho special subjects were not calculated in the last report : during the past year they amounted to only Rs. 260. The estimate of the amount of the attendance grant for 1883-84 was based upon the average attendance given in the annual returns, which are not in all cases trustworthy. The amount was given as Rs. 28,332. During the past year the average attendance of each school was calculated direct from the attendance registors, and the total amount of the grant was Rs. 33,233. As anticipated in the last report, the scale of grants given in the Code was much too high : the scale now adopted by Government will give smaller grants for both attendance and instruction. 334. In the last report a table was given showing the percentage of passes in the elementary subjects in all the schools of Calcutta and Howrah ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 117 EDUCATION OF EUROPEANS. that had been examined twice, and the schools were arranged in order of the magnitude of the percentage. This method of comparing the merits of different schools is defective; it does not take into account the work done in the class subjects, which in the middle departments are almost as important as the elementary subjects, and occupy a great deal more time. It also makes no allowance for the fact that in some schools scholars are purposely kept back in order to show a better result in the next year. A better test of the merits of schools is the percentage of instruction grant earned, for this takes into consideration both elementary and class subjects, and is affected by the promotion or non-promotion of scholars. This method has been adopted in the following tables, in which the primary and middle departments of schools aro separately arranged in order of merit. Schools that were examined for the first time last year are not included in these tables, because the result of the first examination depends more upon the classification of the scholars than upon the quality of the teaching :- Middle Departments. NIEL Order of merit. NAME Number of Class of scholars oligible Percentage of school. for instrucinstruction tion graut. graut ourtiet. M. 1 2 ... . ... .. .. 17 7 3 24 8 16 23 19 . 6 7 $ 9 . 7 8946 8886 81'45 8021 7176 6844 69-8 01:43 5923 87 7% 6529 6481 11:35 B2:44 4903 48 84 M. M. M. M. II. M. M, M. M. M. M. M. M M. M. M. M. M. M. M. 11 12 13 1 15 10 Free School, Girls' Department Entally Boarding and Day Wesleyan Preparatory Government Bourdink Bchool, Kursuong Entally (rphanago Protestant Europian School, Cuttack Catholic Male Orphanage Girls' School, Darjeeling St. Paul's Mission E I. R. School, Jamalpur (Koys Department) Dhurrumtollah Loretto, l'ny Department St. Michael's School, Coorji St. Jonoph's Convont, Ontrack Calcutta Girls' E. 1. R. School, Jamalpur (GirlsDepartment) St. Thomna' School, Howrah Convent, Asmensole E. I. R. School, Assengolo Free School, Boys' Dopartmont At. Mary's School Bow Burar Loretto, Free Dopartment Dillo, Pay ditto St. Paul's School, Darjoeling St. Xavier's College St. Joseph's School, l'ay Nopartment Ditto, Frue uitto Calcutta Boys' Doveton College St. James' High St. Xavior's Branch School Orpbanera, Bankapur St. Agnes' School, Howruh ... 26 6 10 2 7 70 .. 17 18 1 20 21 22 ... 10 0 8 19 1. ... II. .. 76 43.92 43.48 4094 SR27 30990 986 8204 8111 31 13 SI '05 9976 28.92 2275 17.2R . 26 H. H. M. M. M. I. H. H. M. M. 6 13 ... 27 28 29 30 31 32 31 .. ... 10 21 > ... 0 ... . Primary Departments. 70 ::::: M. P. P. M. 4 1 21 23 15 17 M. ... .. 6 7 ... 1 01 66 $92 89'83 87 92 80921 86.19 8126 80'02 77.42 7985 79-28 7778 76 59 78'93 . M. M. P. H. 37 124 15 19. 0 87 69 10 11 18 13 14 15 10 17 18 19 20 21 M. 91 I. M. ... 09 103 29 18 . Free Scbool, Girls' Dopartment A. B. S. Railwav, Sulimur Dhurtumtolluh Lorutto, Free Department St. Thomas' Sobool, Howrah E. I, kailway School, Sahebgunj Wesleyan Preparatory Welland Memorial Darjonling Girls' Ontholic Male Orphanage E. I. Railway Bchool, kurar St. Paul's School, Darjeeling Bt Stophen'm Sohool Dhurrumtollah Luretto, Pay Department Govornment Boarding Bohool, Bursong Convent, Purnach Bt. Joseph's, Pay Department Al. Xavior's College Bt. Michael's, Coorji Antally Orpbaning Free school, Boys' Department St. Placid's, Chittagong Convent, ABBergole 8t. Mary » School European and Eurasian school, Dacia 8t. Paul's Mission Entally Boarding and Day Bohool Protestant Europian, Cuttack 8t. Agnes', Howrah Row lazar Loretto, Pay Department E. I. R. School, Renoegunj Doveton College Bt. James' Klomentary Calcutta Girls' St. Joseph'n Bobool, Free Department Bankipur Orphanage E. I R. School, Jamalpur (Girls' Departmont) 8t. Joseph's Convent, Cuttwok E. I. R. School, Jamalpur (Boys' Department) Oaloutta Boys' Bagluh Church Bobool and Home, Cuttack Bt. John's Girls' School St. Elizabeth's, Howrah B. F. 0. Asylum Bow Bazar Loretto, Pay Departmont St. James' High E. I. R., Assensole Bt. Jubn's Parochial ... .. ... 23 24 26 26 27 28 29 30 31 92 39 84 S6 36 M. P. M. M H M. M. P. H. ... 19 47 27 49 27 48 9 75 35 62 74** 74-08 73.26 79.13 7258 70 14 0 47 08:1 27 AHOR 07-08 66.07 83.89 03.76 6920 8188 6180 60'N2 6062 BR 49 63 487 8940 8128 61023 4906 47 3 1968 43:08 41'64 4076 88 89 85M .. .. M. M M. M M. M. M. 21 21 22 51 00 190 ... 38 SU 40 ... 7 18 PO . ... P P. ... ... 44 45 48 M N. M. P. SO 81 24 25 9 ·118 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR KDUCATION OF KOOPEANS. three years The Girls' Department of the Calcutta Froe School heads both lists; for in succession this school has stood first in order of merit. The first eight in the list of primary departments, and tho first six in the list of middle departments are either girls' or mixed schools. In both lists the high schools come very low down. 335. Pupil Teachers.—At tho beginning of the year under report the number of articled pupil-teachers was 13, distributed among four schools. Of these 6 wero in the first year of their engagement, and 7 in the second. In the Girls' Department of the Calcutta Free School there were five pupilteachers, all of whom succoeded in passing the examination; there were no fresh candidatos at this school. The three pupil-teachers at the Loretto Day School, Dhurrumtollah, also passed the examination satisfactorily; one fresh candidate was accepted. One pupil-teacher at the Loretto Day School, Bow Bazar, resigned at the beginning of the year, and the other at the end of it, after failing in the second year's examination. All tho three pupil-teachers of the St. Mary's, llastings, passed their respective examinations. A candidato was proposed for acceptance, but was rejected for failure to pass the prescribed examination. Six boys were proposed as candidates at the Free School, of whom 5 were accepted. Threo candidates from St. Paul's School, Calcutta, were accepted, but one has since resigned. Tho totul number of pupil-teachers at the end of the year is shown by the following table.- NUMBER OP PUTIL-TEACHERS OF THE SCHOOL Thurd year Second year. First grai. 3 ... Froo School, Girls' Department Ditto, Boys' ditto Loretto Day School, Dhurrumtollah St. Mary's, Fastings St. Paul's, Scott's Lano itsing i med i 1 Total 6 5 8 336. Certificated Teachers. On this subject Mr. Nash has no fresh information to give. During the current year, certificates will be given to those teachers who are entitled to then, and in the next report it will be possible to classify the teachers according to the grade of certificate. IX.-EDUCATION OF MAHOMEDANS. EDICATION ON 337. The following statement , gives the number and percentage of Mahomedans in different classes of educational institutions- MAIOMEDANS. Total number of pupils. Number of Mahoinodans. Percentago of Mahoniedans. Publir institutions- Arts colleges High English schools Modelle ditto Middle vernacular schorts l'pper primary do. Lower do. do. Professional colleges Terbnical schools Normal do. Madrasus 2,779 54,(111 51,-159 66,188 109.769 1,153,002 930 1,340 1,185 1,388 129 5,096 6,223 8,893 17,577 369,613 35 189 71 1,386 4.6 4.4 12:09 13-2 16:01 32:0)5 3.7 1.1.1 0.0 10000) ... Total ... 1,112,841 409,212 283 Prirate institutions- Allvanced Elementary ... ... 20.3326 7,013 9,259 2,207 45.5 32.7 Total 27,339 11,550 42-2 GRAND TOTAL ... 1,470,180) 420,768 28.6 ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 119 EDDCANON OR MAHIOMEDAN. same. 338. Tho advance made last year in Mahomedan education appears to havo been sustained. The number of Mahomedans in schools and colleges of all kinds has risen from 392,003 to 420,768. The percentage has improved very slightly. Last year it was 28.15. The total number of Mahomedans in Arts colleges bas fallen from 132 to 129, but the percentage remains the There is a slight falling off in high English schools and in middle English schools as regards percentage, though the total number of pupils has slightly increased. Middle vernacular schools show a larger number of Mahomedan pupils, while the percentago remains the same. Thero is a satisfactory incroase in upper and lower primary schools. In normal schools tho total number of pupils has fallen off, but the percentayo has increased. There is a slight increase in professional colleges and technical schools. 339. In the Presidency Division there is an increase of 2,264 Mahomedan pupils in primary schools out of a total increase of 2,565. The explanution of this fact was given in last report. The majority of Mahomedans belong to the lower strata of society, and the well-to-do profer to have their children taught by a private teacher. In Burdwan there has been au increase of 2,272 pupils in all schools, and the proportion of Mahomedan pupils has risen from 7 to 9.5. Here also the proportion of increase is greatest in private and in primary schools. Tho Inspector remarks that one is forced to the conclusion " that either the Mahomedan community do not care for the kind of secular education imparted in our schools for socondary instruction, or that the Maho modans in this division are generally poor men, unablo to keep their children at school long enough to pass beyond the primary course of instruction.” In Midnapore, where there is a Mahomedan Sub-Inspoctor charged with the special duty of looking after Mahomedan schools, the percentago has risen from 5.4 to 5.7, and 110 maktabs, 101 for boys and nine for girls, have been returned. In the Dacca Division the percentage of Mahomedan pupils in schools for boys generally is 53, while in lower primary schools it is nearly 61. The proportion of Mahomedans to the total population of the division is 63•6 per cent. In Chittagong the number of Mahomedan pupils has fallen off slightly; the percentage is 03-06, against 63.17 in the previous year. In Rajshahye the proportion of Malomedans at school to the population of that faith has risen slightly since last report. The relativo proportion of Mahomedans to Hindus at school is about 3 to 2, the total Mahomedan population being 4,885,165, against 2,818,858 Hindus. In the Patna Division the number of Mahomedan pupils has risen from 26,824 to 29,242. The number of Mahomedans at school in the Bhagulporo Division has incronsod from 16,891 to 18, 202, or 8 per cent. This increase is shared by all classes of schools, except middle and indigenous schools. Mahomcdans at school form 18-3 per cent. of the total school population, against 17.6 per cent. in the previous year. Tho Mahomedans of the Bhagulpore Division form 19.6 of tho total population. In Chota Nagpore the number of Mahomedan pupils has risen from 2,266 to 2,774. The percentage of Mahomedans attending our public schools of all classes during the year was 5:5, which is very nearly the same as tho population percentage. In Orissa the number of Mahomedan pupils in public schools has risen from 2,503 to 2,766. On tho whole the figures of this yoar tend to confirin tho conclusion arrived at in last year's report that the small numbor of Mahomedans in our higher educational institutions is principally due to their poverty. 340. The following table shews the number of Mahomedan pupils who passed the only examinations of the University held during the year, Viz. the supplemontary F.A. and B.A. examinations, and the various departmental examinations- NUMBER OF SUCCESSFUL CANDIDATS, PERCENTAAR OF MAJOYKDAN NAME OP RXAMINATION. Mahomalaus. Totul, Anne succes Pul candidatus. lindur instruction. ... ... } Supplementary B.A. Ditto F.A. Middle English vernacular Upper primury Lower 8 21 198 210 2,806 112 230 623 2,379 2 953* 21,50x17 1.8 27 3:33 83 7.1 13:03 4-6 in all college classes. 12:09 13-2 16:01 32:05 ... *Cloniication according to race or cited of 222 pusted candidates m the Chuttugong Division bas not been furnished. + Ditto ditto 829 ditto ditto dittu.

·120 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR EDUCATION OF MAHOMKDANS. 341. The proportion of successful Mahomedans to tho total of successful candidates has fallen this year in all the departmental examinations, except the middle vernacular. The figures of the supplementary examinations are of little interest. The holding of these examinations was a temporary expedient, and it seems to have answered its purpose in preventing any student of any merit whatever from suffering by the change of courses. . 342. The following table shews the estimated expenditure of the Mohsin Fund, together with the actual expenditure under each head, as given by the Accountant-General. The estimated income of the fund is Rs. 59,199- KAD OF CHARGE. Actual expondituro. Rus. Maintenance of madrasas Salaries of Moulvies in high schools Scholarships Short-foo payments Estimated expenditure. Rs. 31,170 4.410 9,072 10,138 A. P. 28,361 98 4.773 2 3 11,252 16 0 10,952 10 9 .. .. Total 54,790 55,340 5 2 343. The district details of expendituro on account of madrasas charged against the ‘Mohsin Fund ure as follows- Hooghly Rs. 4,323-9-6, Rajshahye Rs. 2,263-10-10, Dacca Rs. 13,195-10-9, Chittagong Rs. 8,578-10-7. A proposal for spending the surplus of the Mohsin Fund in the establishment of an English Department in the Chittagong Madrasa has boen under the consideration of Government, but it has been decided that the money might be more usefully spent in other ways. It should be spent in extending the Mohsin contributions for frds fces to approved schools under private management, as proposed by Mr. Croft. Circle Inspectors have been already asked to recommend a few schools of this class. 344. The centrul examination of the madrasas not having been held during the year under report, the tablo shewing the comparative results of it cannot be given. 345. The following is a comparative statement of the attendance and expenditure of all madrasas under Government management during the last two years. The Hooghly, Dacca, and Chittagong Madrasas, and the Oriental Department of the Rajshahye College, are maintained from the Mohsin Fund. The allotments are as follows-To Dacca Rs. 10,400, to Chittagong Rs. 7,000, to flooghly Rs. 3,600, and to Rajshahye Rs. 3,000. Number of pupils in Recipts from Gover.muunt. Totul orpenditun, AVBABAS. 1884. 1886. 1884. 1838. 1884. 1888, Rs. 11,464 Rs. 9,264 .. ...... ..... Calcutta (Arabic Department) Hooghly Darca Chittagong Moorsbiodahal Nawab's Madrara Rajshahyem 255 39 350 497 50 Rs. 12,737 5,613 13,410 8,905 17,711 5,616 336 39 238 341 53 50 .. Rs. 10,891 2,519 12,273 9,121 16,165 2,386 17,711 16,165 ... Totul 1,191 1,057 29,176 26,429 64,062 53,285 • The Rajshahyo Mudrauu Wap abolished on the 16th December 1889. Its junior CIAMROs were, however, transferred to the kujshahye Collegiate school, and are now muintained from the Mobain Fund with an anuual usuigumont of Rs. 3,000. I proceed to give a brief account of these institutions. 346. Calcutta Madrasa.-As stated in last yoar's report, the Calcutta Madrasa was raised to the rank of a second grade college, with offoct from the beginning of 1884, by the order of Government, dated the 17th September 1883. The nunber on the rolls of the Calcutta Madrasa and its branch school on the 31st March 1885 was 1,100, as against 1,253 in 1884. They were distributed as follows--- College department Anglo-Persian department Colinga Branch school... Arabic ... ... ... 15 336 406 343 ... .. . The apparent falling off in the Anglo-Persian department from 493 iu 1883-84 to 406 is due to the change in the time of holding the University ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 121 EDOCATIUN (OF MAHOMIDANS. examinations. The average roll number this year was 425, against 413 in the preceding yoar. This accounts also for the falling off in the Colinga Branch school, which had 485 students on its rolls on the 31st March 1864. There is & considerable increase in the Arabic department, which is not affected by the proceedings of the University. The numbers in this department have risen from 255 to 336. _Forty-seven students of the Arabic department attend the classes of the English department for additional instruction in English. This number includos the boys of what was formerly the Oriental dopartment of the branch school. The students of the Arabic department are without exception Sunnis. There are 21 Shiahs in the Anglo-Persian departmont and six in the branch school. The total expenditure of the Calcutta Madrasa and the Colinga Branch school was as follows Rs 4. P. ... . ... College dopartment Arabic Anglo.Porsinn Colinga Branch school 17,152 13 3 10,820 15 1 16,767 68 5,799 10 2 ... ... Total 49,510 13 5 against Rs. 39,514 during 1883.81. The receipts from foes were Rs. A. P. ... Collego department Arabic Anglo-l'ersian Colinga Branch school 412 0 0 1,567 13 3 5,370 10 6 1 304 90 ... ... ... Total 8,661 15 9 Owing to the change in the date of the University examinations, it was found necessary to make a corrosponding change in the time of holding the annual examination of the various departments of the Madrasa. They are now held in the early part of the month of May, and the results thereforo do not fall within the province of this report. The number of resident students during the year was 72. The gymnastic class had on the 31st March 1885, 49 pupils on its roll. The English and Arabic libraries have been amalgamated since the transfer of the branch school to the Calcutta premises, and a new catalogue is in course of preparation 347. Ducca Madrasu.—Moulvic Obeidullah, the late Superintendent of the Madrasa, died suddenly on the 9th February last. His death is a great loss to the institution, which he served with zeal and ability for the last eleveu yoars. The total number of the students on the rolls was 238, against 350 in the provious year: 139 in the English and 99 in the Arabic department. Tho average monthly roll number of the English department was 154, against 181 in the previous year, and of the Arabic department 121, against 123. The falling off in the strength of the college is attributed by the Principal to the students, especially of the Arabic department, leaving the Madrasa just before the date of the examination, which was changed last ycar. The amount of foes and fines realized in tho Arabic department was Rs. 492, against Rs. 510 in the previous year, and that realized in the English department was Rs. 1,375, against Rs. 1,600 in the previous year, making a total number of Rs. 1,808, aguinst Rs. 2,111. The number of boarders on the rolls on the 31st March was 36, against 40 in the previous year. Tho average monthly roll number was 36, against 35. The boarding fees were Rs. 460, against Rs. 494, and the expenditure Rs. 1,679, against Rs. 2,405. 348. Chittagong Madrasa.-A branch madrasa was established in August 1884, called the Mir Ahiya Madrasa, supported from an anciont Malomedan endowment. The number of students on the rolls of the Chittagong Madrasa and the recently-established branch was on the 31st March last 448, of whom 341 belonged to the former and 107 to the latter institution. The falling off Las takon ·122 REPORT OF TTIE DIRECTOR EDUCATION OF MATIOMEDANS. place in the elementary classes principally, and the Magistrate, Mr. Manson observes that it is not " by itself an injury, as elementary education can be had more cheaply elsewhere. The old town endowment, called the Mir Ahiya Madrasa endowment, having been now affiliated to the Madrasa as a branch institution will most usefully relieve the Government Madrasa of this elementary work." The number of students in the Madrasa roading English was 141 on the 318t March. The receipts from fees were Rs. 1,290, against Rs. 1,085 in the previous year, and the total expenditure was Rs. 9,121, against Rs. 8,964. The total expenditure of the branch madrasa was Rs. 234, and the total amount of fees realized Rs. 46. 319. IIooghly Madrasa.-The number of students on the rolls on the 31st March 1885 was 339, as in the previous year. The average monthly roll number was 4l. The receipts for the year wore Rs. 5,710, against Rs. 5,614 in the previous year, out of which Rs. 5,570 came froin tho Mohsin Fund, and Rs. 140 was realized in fces. The expenditure was Rs. 2,519. 350. Rajshahye Madrasa.--In accordance with the Government resolution, dated the 1st of July 1884, a college madrasa was opened, consisting of the junior classes of the lato Rajshahyo Madrasa. The college madrasa contains five classes, and a grant of Rs. 250 per nensem is made to it from tho Mohsin Fund. The number of students on the rolls on the 31st of March was 50. In connection with the madrasa there is a Mahomedan hostel forming a portion of the new madrasa building, and capable of accommoclatiug 24 inmates - the actual number in it on the 31st of March 1885. The total expenditure was Rs. 2,386, and the receipts wero Rs 2,977, including Rs. 2,800 from the Mohsin grant and Rs. 87 from fees and fines. 351. Nuwub of Moorsheduburl's Madrasa.--On the 31st March last the number on the rolls of the Nawab of Moorshedabad's Madrasil was 53, of whom 52 were Mahomedans and one a Ilindu. The number of pupils in the previous year was 50, of whom one was a Hindu and the rest Mahomodans, The pupils were sons and grandsons of His Highnoss the late Nawab Nazim, and meinbers and connections of tho Nizamut family. Of the students, 21 were resident boarders and the rest day-scholars. The total expenditure on the college, which was mot from provincial revenues, was Rs. 16, 165. 352. Joraghut Madrasa.--This is a school which receives Rs. 40 from the Muhsin Ful. Though teaching Persian and Arabic, it has been returned as a middle English school. :35:3. Cor's Bazar Madrasii.-- This is an institution for teaching Persian and Arabic, established for the benefit of the Mahomedans living in the sub-division of Cox's Bazar. Undor Government orders, dated the 1st November 1884, il special grant of Rs. 40 a month wus sanctioned for it out of provincial 354. UNAIDED MADRASAS. ---Madrasa-i-Sultan-z-Oudh.--The Madrasa Sultan. i-Oudlh is a boarding institution maintained by His Majesty the King of Oudh, and has 2:pupils roading English, Porsian, Hindustani, and Arabic, the highest standard aimed at being that of the Calcutta University Entrance examination. The total cost last year was Rs. 32,000 contributed by the King. 355. Mir Ahiya Maarusa.---This is a feeder to the Chittagong Madrasa, and somc account was givon of it above. It is supportod from the Mir Ahiya endowment, and affiliated to the Government madrasa as a branch institution. In the table given under special instruction, it has been reckoned," porhaps erroneously, as a separate institution. If it is looked upon as a part of the Chittagong Madrasa, the total number of Dadrasas will be 10 instead of 11. 356. Sasserain Madrasa.-This madrasa is supported from an endowment made by the Einperor of Delhi about A. D. 1700, and assisted to a small extent from municipal funds. A handsomo building has recently been erected, as stated in lnst year's report, at a cost of over Rs. 20,000. All attempts to introduce English into the course taught in this institution have failed.' The expenditure during the year under report was Rs. 6,742. The staff consists of three Arabic teachers on Rs. 80, Rs. 40, and Rs. 25 respectively, of two Persian teachers on Rs. 20 and 15, and of one teacher of the Koran, The Madrassa revenues.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 123 KDUCATION ON MAHOMBDAN&. EDUCTION ( IBONIN 11. ANI. J1( KIKALI has this year sent in candidates for the first time to the central examination of Madrassas. 357. Sitapur Madrasa. This is an institution supported by private charity. It has had during the year an attendance of 19 students ; 14 of thet belong to Hooghly, one to Jessore, one to Backergunge, one to Nuddea, one to Rungpore, and one to Burdwan. There were five boys in tho first class, four in the second, five in the third, and five in the fourth class. There are two Mahomedan teachers to give instruction in Arabic, Persian, and Hindustani, and a pundit who teaches arithmetic. Maulavi Abdul Hai examined the madrasa in January. He found the boys better in Arabic than in Persian, and a little wanting in arithmetic. The result of the examination seoms on the whole to have been satisfactory. A yearly grant of Rs. 20 for prizes has been sanctioned for it out of the Mohsin Fund. It is thereforo doubtful whether it should any longer be included among unaided institutions. X.-EDUCATION OF ABORIGINAL AND BACKWARD RACES. 358. The total aboriginal population of Bengal according to the last census is 2,552,293, of whom 1,087,202 aro returned as Sonthals, 871,666 as Kols, 69,622 us other western aborigines, and 35,404 as unspecificd. While Sonthals and Kols form the two principal divisions of the Kolarian family, the term “other wostern aborigines" includos all the non-Aryan tribes whoso homes are in western Bengal, in the Orissa and Chota Nagpore Divisions, and in the feudatory states attached to then. Under the head of eastern aborigines are returned the Indo-Tibetan, Indo-Chineno, and Indo-Burmese, who occupy the slopes of the castern Himalayas and the mountain system which forms the eastern and south-eastern boundary of Bengal. The Southals inhabit principally tho Sonthal Pergunnahs, Manbhoom, Bankoora, Midnapore, , Hazaribagh, Singbhoom, Bhagulporo, Beerbhoom, und Burdwan. In the four districts of Chota Nagpore aro found besides the Sonthals the IIos, including the Mundas and the Uraons. The Hos, or Larka Kols, are found in Singbhoom only, and the Mundas, or Munda Kols, and Uraous in Lolardugga. Among other western aborigines are tho Dhangars, who, like tho Uraons, are Dravidians, the l'aithaliks, and Paharias. Tho two last terms, as would be inferred form their etymology, are indefinito in meaning. The term “ eastern aborigines” includes the Garo, Manipuri, Kuki, Khasia, and Naga tribes of the northern frontior; tho Mech and Assamese tribes of the Assam valley; the Tipperah, Reang, Chakma, and Lushai tribes of the Chittagong and Tipperalı hills. 359. It was pointed out in last year's report that the oducation of the aboriginal races has always prosented features of unusual difficulty. Their poverty, the absence of any indigenous educational system among them, the generally inaccessible character of the tracts that they inhabit, and their reluctance to associate with superior races, are obstacles which have stood in the way of all attempts to introduce even elementary education among them. That, notwithstanding all these obstacles, considerablo progress has been made in the work of educating and civilizing the aboriginal races is due principally to the self-denying exertions of Christian missionarios. 360. It is impossible, for rousons stated in last year's report, to deterniino accurately the number of pupils of aboriginal rnces now at school. Tho following statement is prepared from the divisional reports-- Statement showing the distribution of pupils of aboriginal races at school. NUMDERA ATTENDING DIPIERENT CLARNES OY SCHOOLS, DIV1810n. Iligh Middlo Euglish. English. Middle vorandular, Tipper Lower primury. primary. Girls. Sper1 And privato. Tota), 2 IL ... ... 128 .. .. 51 1 29 4 78 1 ... 101... 10 11 4 ... 10 9 194 Presidency Division Caloutta Burdwan Division Rajshelye Dados Chittagong Patna Bhagulpore Chow Nagpora Origen Do. Tributary Mohale.. ... 187 20 5 59 78 48 133 8 208 882 6 62 91 142 9,611 105 489 2,128 19 9,118 10,980 B 1,044 20 37 21 580 145 3:27 3,763 9 548 3,181 78 9,595 13,699 12 1,898 ... d. 1... I 94 208 88 145 109 1,190 391 19 .. . ... ... 11 24 7 .. ...... ...... Total 236 41 837 1,857 28,287 1,984 1,110 83,101 Q 2 ·124 REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR EDUCATION OF AHOLIGINAL AND BACKWARD RACES, 361. The total number of aboriginal pupils is 33,161, against 28,259 in the previous year. In the Presidency Division the total number of aborigines reading in high English schools is six, against nil in the preceding year. The total number of pupils has increased from 141 to 145. The 204 lower primary pupils in Calcutta belong to the Mehter and Dhangar classes.* 362. In the Burdwan Division the aboriginal population formed according to the last census 3 per cent. of the whole. The total number of aboriginal children at school is 3,763, against 2,904 last year. The percentage of aboriginal pupils on the general total is 1:44. In the districts of Hooghly, Burdwan, and Howrah the number of aborigines is inconsiderable. The operations of the department are confined to Beerbhoom, Bankoora, and Midnapore. In Recrbhoom there are now 18 schools with an attendance of 512 Southal pupils. Fixed monthly stiponds at the rate of Rs. 0 to each chool, bosides rewards for good results, are given from the district primary grant. The pupils pay nothing for tuition, and nothing for the books and slates supplied to them. The total cost of these scholars was Rs. 1,338. At the lower primary scholarship cxamination three Sonthal boys passed, and one received a scholarship by way of encouragement. 363. In Bankoora" there are seven schools for the aboriginal people. They are located in purely Sonthal villages, and supported by fixed monthly grants. The total number of children attending them appears to have increased from 340 to 1,180. The Wesleyan normal school has been removed from Ghola to Bissenpore. In Midnapore there is an aided normal school, which supplies teachers to 52 jungle schools established by thc American Baptist Mission, with an aggregate attendance of 1,215 aboriginal pupils. Two thousand five hundred and eighteen more Sonthal boys attend other schools in the district. Ono Sonthal boy has for the first time in the annals of Sonthal education passed the upper primary scholarship examination. At the lower primary scholarship examination 11 out of 20 Sonthal boys passed. 364. In the Rajshahyo Division Garos have disappeared from the list this year. There are 63 aborigines in the schools in Julpigorec, 39 of whom are Mechs, eight Bhutias, and eight Dhangars. There are 10 Paharias attending the schools in the Darjeeling Terai : cight Bhutias form a primary school at Buxar. Of the Julpigoree training school and the Bhutia school at Darjocling, some account has already been given under Special Instruction. 365. The aborigines of the Dacca Division are found principally in the district of Mymensingh. Thoy inhabit chiefly the Garo hill terai to the north of the district and the Madhupore jungle. Almost all the pupils of the modol schools of Kumargati, Kamarkhali, Kharnai, and Menki are of this class. Of the girls in the Mymensingh schools, 36 are aborigines, of whoin 23 aro Hajongs, soven Dalus, thrce Mandai, and three Garos. In the upper primary examination one Wajong candidate appeared from the Klarnai model school and passed in the third division. In the lower primary examination five Hajong boys competed, and three passed successfully-2 in the first division, and 1 in the second. 366. Of the 3,181 pupils in the Chittagong Division 3,081 have been returned as Buddhists. The others" in Tipperah are principally Tipperahs. They are in religion and manners Hindus. In Chittagong tho tribes aro principally Jumia and Barua Mugs, and Aracuneso Mugs, who are really immigrants from Burma, and hardly come under the category of aboriginal or backward races. Tho Barua Mugs, in the northern part of the district at any rate, are hardly distinguishablo in manners, religion, and customs from Hindus, though they manifest a constant tendency to revert to Buddhist practices. The Jumia Mugs in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, as also the Chakmas, belong to recognised aboriginal racus. It is for their sake that the Government keeps up the hill schools at Rangamati and Bandarban and five lower primary schools. 367. In Patna there are only two schools, namely the patsbalas of Nagabast and Rehal on the Rohtas plateau with Dhangar pupils. 368. The aborigines of the Bhagulpore Division are only 7.8 per cent. of the population; but aboriginal pupils are 9:6 per cent. of the total number. The number of aboriginal children under instruction is proportionately larger tbau of Hindu and Mahoniedan children, possibly on account of their having no prejudices against fomale education.

·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 125 EDDOATION OF BACKWARD RACES, Of the 9,608 aborigines at school, 9,321 are Sonthala, 212 Paharias, 22 Dhangars, and 53 Kols. Twelve Sonthals passed the upper primary, and ABORIGINAL AN» 48 the lower primary examination. A schemo of education for the Sonthals has beon introduced into the Damin-i-koli, and special rules have been laid down to prevent any collision with the missionary schools Under this schemo 82 new schools with 1,931 Sonthal pupils havo been established. 369 The educational work in the Chota Nagpore Division is principally in the hands of missionaries. There are no separate schools for aborigines, but in the interior of the districts of Singbhoom and Lohardugga the schools are attended solely by children belonging to tribes includod under this term. In the Giridih sub-division of Hazaribagh as well as in Tundi in Manbhooin there are so-called Sonthal schools. In sovoral cases, those schools are uttend. ed principally by Sonthal children, but there is no prohibition against the admission of Hindus and Mahomedans. The total number of aboriginal pupils in this division has advanced from 10,120 to 13,597, showing an increase of 84:3 per cent. The percentuge of aborigines to the total number on the rolls is 8.8 in high, 15'4 iu middle, 21 in uppor primary, and 27 in lower primary schools; so that the further we descond, the more numerous are the children belonging to aboriginal tribes. The Assistant Inspector for the Chota Nagpore Division, to whom I owe these figures, remarks that, considering the circumstances of the people generally, this is just as it should be. 370. In Orissa there are only 12 aboriginal pupils in our schools, but the numbor of low caste pupils is 4,465, against 3,226 in the previous year. Six stipendiary lower primary schools have been opened in Cuttack for the oducation of low caste children. Thirteen low caste boys passed the lower primary scholarship examination during the last year, against three in the previous year. The Joint Inspector remarks: “ As regards the aborigines, the system of stipends is the only one that will meet their educational requirements. In Balasoro thero is a considerable Sonthal population in tracts closely bordering on the Mourbhanj State, and there are Khond villagers too in the Khorda sub-division of the Poorco district. Steps should be taken to open a suitable number of stipendiary schools in these wild tracts.” In the Orissa Tributary Mehals the number of aboriginal races borne on the school rolls has rison from 1,519 to 1,638. The majority of the stndents belong to the Bhuyan, Puran, Sonthal, and Khond tribes. Tho special schools for the education of aborigines are the Southal schools in Mourbhanj, the Bhuyan school at Keonjhar, and the coss schools in the Kandmals. The people inhabiting these districts are Baid by the Joint-Inspector to be still very wild and to have very primitive ideas; but even the wildest have made an advance, giving up coverings of fig. leaves for coarse clothing. A. Sonthal boy has for tho first time passed the ninor scholarship examination from the Baripada school, taking a very high place in the divisional list. Soven Sonthal, cight Bhuyan, tlıree Puran, and one Khond boy have successfully passed the lower primary examination from the Gurjats during the year under report. XI.-INDIGENOUS EDUCATION. INDICENDUA LDOCATION 371. Under this head are included tuls in which Sanskrit is taught, maktabs in which Arabic and Persian are taught, and pathsalas and other schools that do not conform to the departmental standards. 372. In the Presidency Division institutions of the latter class have this year ceased to exist. There are 7 advanced schools in which Arabic and Persian are taught to 113 pupils, and 59 tols for the advanced study of Sanskrit containing 551 pupils. 373. In the Chota Nagpore Division the number of Arabic and Persian advanced schools has risen from 6 to 23, and the number of pupils from 107 to 268; while the number of Sanskrit tols has increased from 2 to 6, and the number of pupils from 18 to 69. There is a considerable falling off in elementary vornacular schools owing to the transfer of 71 mission and other schools with 1,431 pupils to the list of public institutions, counterbalanced by the discovery of some new schools. On the whole, there has been a falling off ·126 REPORT OF TIIE DIRECTOR NDIGENOU EDUCATION. Sanskrit grammar, under this head of 36 schools and 1,216 pupils. The Assistant Inspector observes that the number of advanced tols and maktabs is greater than appears from our returns. The former impart instruction in Sanskrit grammar, poetry, and general litorature, with the puranas and astrology in certain cases, and are generally inferior in their standards to the institutions of the same class in Bengal proper. The pupils are not supplied with food by their teacher, as in Bengal, but the teacher and pupils are maintained by some well-todo patron. The maktabs generally impart instruction in the Persian languago and literature, and sometimes in the committing to memory of texts from the Koran. In some few institutions the Arabic language and literature is also taught. The teacher or mianji is generally supported by some rich man, whose children form the nucleus of his school. The elementary schools are indigenous pathsalas in the fullest sense of the term, in which the traditional subjects are taught to the neglect of the study of printed books and all liberal education of the kind favoured by the department. They are, however, the most yielding of all our indigenous schools, and it is from their body that our primary pathsalas are recruited. The Assistant Inspector seenis to be of opinion that they will soon be absorbed in the dopartmental system. 374. In the Burdwan division there is a gain under this hcad of 105 schools and 1,918 pupils. There are 33 advanced schools teaching Arabic and Persian with 5:32 pupils, against 28 in the previous year with 411 pupils. There are are 197 tols with 1,332 pupils against 137 with 856 pupils in 1883-84. There are 76 elementary vernacular schools with 1,701 pupils aguinst 13 with 190 pupils. The cxplanation is that the local officers have displayed greater activity in collecting statistics than they did in the previous year. 375. Iu Orissa there are 79 schools with 1,148 pupils included under this head. Generally speaking maktabs are ahead of tols in point of attendance. The attendance in maktabs has advanced from 605 to 709. Sanskrit literature, and logic are taught in the advanced tols, but the number of such institutions is small, nearly all of thein being situated in tho town of Puri. The curriculum in an average maktab consists of a fow chapters from the works of Sadi Instruction in elementary pathsalas is almost entirely confined to chanting metrical stories about gods and goddesses from palu-leaf books. 370. In the Dacca division there are 320 maktabs attended by 3,572 pupils, of whom, curious to say, 4 aro Hindus, and 148 tols attended by 1,102 pupils. Tho Sarasvat Samuj lield their exuminations on the 19th and 20th May 1884. The examiners were selected from the most eminent Sanskrit schools of Calcutta, Nuddca, Hooghly, Dacca, Faridpur, and Mymensingh. Seventythree tols competed, of whom 56 (represented by 146 candidates, belonged to Dacca. Twenty candidates presented themselves for titles, and 17 were successful. Rupees 804 were distributed in rewards to pandits, Rs. 369 in rewards to pupils, and Rs. 160 in scholarships. The income of the Samaj amounted to Rs. 2,670), of which Government contributed Rs. 500; and the balance at credit of the Association after an expenditure of Rs. 2,468 amounted with the former balance to Rs. 9,224. The encouragement offered to the indigenous institutions for preserving and encouraging Sanskrit learning in Bengal, as evidenced by the grant to tho Nuddea tols and the Dacca Sarasvat Samaj, met with the approbation of the Education Commission, and was rocommended by that body as an example to be followed throughout India. The Surasvat Samaj is an independent organisation for improving the teaching in tols and forconferring titles which shall be a guarantee of the possession by their holders of gonuine Sanskrit learning. As such, its objects are identical with those of Government in instituting the annual examination for Sanskrit titles. 377. The 53 indigenous schools returned for the Chittagong Division, against 27 in the previous year, are tols, maktabs, and kyoungs. The kyoung is the modern representative of the ancient Buddhist Vihára. In these institutions instruction is given in Pali and in the vernacular by a Raoli or Buddhist priest. None but Maghs are admitted into kyoungs. 378. In the Rajshahye Division returns of this class of schools have been received from the Pubna and Bogra districts only. From Pubpa are returned 2 maktubs and 8 tols, with an average of 6 pupils each. There are more of each of these classes in the district, but they have not furnished returns. In Bogra there were reported to exist on the 31st March 3 tols ·OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 127 INDIG NOUS EDUCATION. with 29 pupils. In these institutions loctures are given on law and grammar by pandits of repute. There are only 22 maktabs reported this year, against 80 in the previous year, the teachers declining to send in returns. These maktabs have considerable local popularity, and merit the title of advanced institutions. 379. In Patna there are 1,244 maktabs, tols, and pathsalas, with 12,106 pupils, unaffected by the department. In the first class of institutions Arabic or Persian is taught, in the second only Sanskrit, and in the third Hindi or Urdu, and perhaps a little Persian or Arabic, the latter being confined to learning the Koran by note. In the Hindi pathsalas of the third class no books aro used, and in the Urdu pathsalas no native arithmetic is taught. 380. In Bhagulpore there are returned under the head of indigenous oducation 23 Sanskrit tols with 254 pupils, 6 madrasas teaching an advanced course in Arabic with 264 pupils, and 2 pathsalas with 130 pupils. The pupils in the Bhagulpore tols are all Brahmans, and in the maktabs and madrasas all Mahomedans. In the tols the pupils receive instruction gratis, the teachers considering it objoctionable to lovy any fee for the pious work of imparting knowledge. Besides the 55 schools above mentioned there aro in the division many more which do not teach secular subjects and do not furnish returns. XII.-PREPARATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF TEXT-BOOKS AND OTIIER SCHOOL LITERATURE. OTHEE SCHO. LITERATURE. 381. Under the healthy stimulus of private competition, the preparation PREPARATION AND of vernacular school-books in Bengal has cost Government almost nothing DISTRIBUTION OF during the last 30 years. Prior to 1875, the Education Dopartment liad to select TEXT-WKS ANI) school-books for its own schools and standards of examination; but from that year the business of selecting text-books in history, geography, mathematics and science for the middle scholarship examination was cntrusted to a Central Text-book Committee. The functions of this Committee were considerably enlarged by the Government resolution of January 1882, which empowered them to report to the Director of Public Instruction on alí text-books suited not only to the standard of the scholarship examination, but also to the requirements of the different classes of a middlo school. Down to 15th September 1885, 653 different works were received for examination in the Committec's office froin authors and publishers, of which 608 have boou already more or less fully reported on. The laborious dutics devolving on the Committee rendered it necessary to strengthen that body by the appointment of new members during the year under review. The Committee now consists of 15 gentlemen, of whom six arc membors of the Bengal Education Service, two belong to other branches of the public service, four are Government pensioners, and three are professional gentlemen unconnected with Government. It is hoped that the Committee as now constituted will be able to bring out their list of authorized text-books in conformity with the views of Government. The best acknowledgments of the department are due to Dr. Rajendra Lal Mitra, Roy Bahadur, C.I.E., and his colleagues, for the work already done. 382. Besides the Central Text-book Comuittee sitting at Calcutta, there are branch Committees for Beliar and Orissa. The foriner, having its headquarters at Patna, reports the publication, during the past year, of 44 works, of which 19 were reprints and 25 were first publications. Some are printed in the new Kaithi type, but the great majority are in the Devanagari character. The Inspoctor, Mr. Pope, who is Secretary to the Patna Committee, states that it has been working steadily and usefully, and that it has examined many books. Mr. Pope recommonds that the school. Book Society should undertake the publication of maps brought up to date in Hindi and Urdu. He also states that arrangements are being made for a supply of suitable text-books in Sonthali for the use of pri. mary schools in the Southal Pergunnahs. The Assistant The Assistant Inspector, Chota Nagpore, in a large portion of which the official language is Hindi, writes as follows: "A good atlas and a set of wall maps in Hindi are positive wants. There is also no sanitary primer in the language suited to the capacity of children in lower primary schools. The want of a good selection from Hindi authors for the middle scholarship examination course is also felt. A certain ·128 RETORT' OF TIJE DIRECTOR TEXT BOOKS AND OTEIER BOBOOL LITERATURE PREPAMATION AND sum of money may perhaps be placod with great advantage at the disposal of DISTRIBUTION OF the Assistant Inspoctor every year, with the view of encouraging local efforts towards the publication of good school-books. There is a great difficulty, as I have always represented, in connection with the supply of school-books to our pupils in the interior. Private enterprize is almost nothing in this dircc. tion in Chota Nagpore, and there is hardly a book-seller's concern in the whole province. The teachers of secondary schools procure books for their pupils from Calcutta, Patna, and the North Western Provinces, but for the large number of our primary school pupils, the Sub-Inspectors are the only persons who are lookod up to for the necessary supply: But as, under the existing state of things, this does not form a part of the Sub-Inspector's duties, and they are not supplied with the necessary funds for the purpose, most of these officers do not undertake to supply their schools with books. Under such circumstances, it seems to me to be most desirable that a certain sum of money from tho district primary fund be allowed to each Sub-Inspector as a permanent advance wherewith he will be required to keep a regular supply of books for all the schools under his charge." A Central Book Depot, either in connection with the School-Book Society or tho office of Inspector of Schools at Bankipore, for the purpose of supplying Hindi school-books has, with the advance of primary education in Behar and Chota Nagporc, become a real necessity, in the absence of enterprising booksellers like those of Bengal Propor. 363. The Orissa Text-book Committeo has been reorganized on a wider basis, the number of members having been increased from thrco to eight. Three of these are non-official gentlemen, but as regards the majority it is only proper that it should consist of officers who have to teach and examine in these books, and who have thus better opportunities of judging of their general suitability. 384. The following are the new Uriya school-books published during the year: Name of book, i ofl ok. Name of author or publiskier. Proes from which issued. Patiganita, l'art II Authmore Cinesh Chandra Boso :. Chandamals Kuumu kuliko Soral Bynk ATHI Bhurut It brin liya yungibilyan ... HII NI tu Elementary l'rix Grimer lui Indiri Plus 11 ( Ist Cuttari Printing Coromany's Press. Ditto ditto, Ditto ditto. Ditto) ditio. De's presy, Balnuore. Litto ditto. Mahuhula Run Giovum inth Junnuaill kno war Ibilkunthnautlı ijo Ditto uitto 385. According to the Joint-Inspector, all these books deserve encouragement, and with the exception of the last mentioned, have been included in the list of approved text-books. The Deputy Inspector of Bulasoro remarks thrus regarding the desirability of introducing "Byayamasiklıya” into the schools of Orissa. “ Byayamasikhya trcats of physical education, and is the only book of its kind in the Urya language. As physical education is a great want in our schools, in my humble opinion this book ought to be submitted for the opinion of the Orissa School Text-book Committeo, and, if found suitable, should be circulated in our schools.” Several manuscripts on elementary sanitation, written with a view to supersedle the Urya version of Dr. Cunningham's Sanitary Primer, have been received for examination by the Orissa l'ext-book Committee, which has not as yet pronounced any opinion on their merits. 386. The Joint-Inspector further reports that an educational magazine, entitled the Sikhyabandhu, has already been started, and that it is abıy conducted. There was some agitation in the local newspapers regarding certain school-books, and as the quarrels of rival authors and their partisans are not easily settled, the matter still engages some share of attention. Really healthy and cheap, books approved by the Brauch Test-Book Committee will always command public patronage. 387. The Calcutta School-Book Society, which receives a grant of Rs. 200 a month from Government, still serves as a chief medium for the distribution of books in the interior through its numcrous agencies, but much of the work is now taken up by private book-sellers and publishers. In the year 1884 the society sold in Calcutta and its 142 agencies in different parts of the country 156,597 books valued at Rs. 55,526. DARJEELINO, C. H. TAWNEY, The 10th October 1885. Offg. Director of Public Instruction.

·EDUCATION, GENERAL TABLE I. Abstract return of Colleges, Schools, and Scholars in the Lower Provinces of Bengal at the end of the official year 1884-85. (For details -see General Table III.) ABRA AND POPOLNIO.. PUBLIC IXSTINCTIONS. Private institutions. University education, Sehonl education, keneral, Bchool educs. tion, special. Percentage of Total ares in square iles. Number of towns and villages, Population, Total of public institutions. GBAND TOTAL. Art colleges Profes- &i nal Train. All other ing Sleva schools. schools. Secondary Primary schouls. schools. Advanced. Elementary. RBMABKA. colleges, 6 5 7 9 8 10 11 12 13 2 1: 15 3 16 2,029 465 For males... 24 10 2.098 65,585 22 32 67,771 2,193 27.03 Institutions 19 70,261,7 Institutions to number of towns And vil. lages. 2,377) - For females 57 2,297 3 2,358 19 ... .. 91 II. GENERAL STATISTICS. Towns 165,776 Villages Total 232 269,686 Males 33,917 217 Females 34,243,381 2.028 481 Total 25 10 2,165 67.882 25 32 70,1291 2,512 72,641 27.94 259,918 Total 68,160,598 20.008 6,578 Males 2,773 927 167,669'1,189,815 1,049 2,728 1,363,961 26,586 27.33 ... Scholars ... 318 435 Male scholars to male po 1,390,517 pulation of school-going age.t Female scholars to fe. 79,633 male popu. lation school.go. ing age.t (Females 3 4,789 73,946 136 78,880 753 ... 1.55 of 20.326 7,013 Total 2,779 930 172,458 1,262,761 1.185 2,728 1,442,841 27,339 1,470,180 Total scholars to total population of school.go. ing age. 14:38 * A town contains 5,000 inhabitants or pyards. A village contains less than 5,000 iubabitants. The population of school-going ago 18 taken at 16 per cent of the whole population.

·E: EntCATION.-GENERAL TABLE II. Abstract return of expenditure on Public Instruction in the Louer Prorinces of Bengal for the officiul year 1884-85. (For details-see General Table IV.) TOTAL DIRECT EXPENDITCRE ON PUBLIC IZBIRECTION. TOTAL INDIRECT EXPBSDITTRE OS PUBLIC IXSTRUCTION. University Education, School Fducation, genera). Echool Education, Special, Special granits for fur. oiture Total expenditure on education. Total. Univer-i Direc. sity. tion, | Scholar- Inspection. sbips. Buildings. Miscel. laneous Total. Artg colleges. Professional colleges, and ap- Sann.larr Primary schouls. schools. Taining schools, All other special schools. RAMAUKS. paratus. S + 5 6 7 S 9 10 11 12 13 16 15 16 17 19 Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs: Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs, 1. INSTITUTIONS For males females {tot females 5,58,566 3.55+ 2,27,226 24,35,332 27,17,807 2,32,233 2,15,094 86,334 2,32,18262,57,417 31,318, 56,751 4,42,660 1,84,875) 2,28,559 14,316 4,95,197 9,6107 1,09,36410,62,53173,19.981 4,95,197 ..... ... Total 5,62,120 2,27,226 26,67,565 29,62,901, 1,00,650' 2,32,182 67,52,611 31,318 56,751 4.42,660 1,84,875 2,28,559 9,007 1,09,364 10,62,534 78.16,178 10.61 6 611 20.65 23.88. 2-51 13-1 68.60 1.84 14:30, 5:321 6.23 .27 3:41 31.40 100 GENERAL STATISTICS. 17.29 63'39 80.68 8.31 ... 5.88: ... 5:13 19:32 ...II. 100; I. ...I.. 100, 2. (a) Percentages of provincial expenditure included in columns 2-17 to total provincial expenditure on public instruction. (6) Percentages of local fund expenditure included in columns 2-17 to total local fund expenditure on public instruction. (c) Percentages of municipal expenditure included in columns 2-17 to total municipal expenditure on public instruction. (d) Percentages of total expenditure in columns 2-17 to total expenditure on public instruction. 67.96 23.18 43 91.87 ... 51 ... -64 6.40 21 37 III.. ..IS 8.13 1001 7-19 2.91 34.13 37 91 1.29 2.97 86.40 -40 73 5.60 2 37! 2.92 12 1:10 13.60 100 3.-AVBBAGS ANNUAL COST OF EDTCATING EACH PUPIL IN Rs. A. P. Rs. A. P. Rs. A. P. Rs. A. P. Rs. A. P. Rs. A. P. Rs. A. P. Cost to provincial rere. 268 13 9 421 8 11 9 0 3 3 12 9) 104 57, 62 8 2 30 13 6 Departmental insti. tutions. nues. 0 Cost to local and muni. cipal funds. 3 21 0 2 8 ....1 I.... Total cost 366 011 470 7 223 12 9 4 2 8 105 6 83 12 0 48 15 7 ... ...... ...... .... ..... Local fand schoolst Cost to provincial rere. nues. Cost to local funds Total cost ...... ...... .....

·Cost to provincial reve- 0 76 05 III... 6 .... ..... Municipal schoolst nues. Cost to municipal funds 2 10 2 4 3 71 19 2 0 3 2 5 ...... Total cost 9 11 10 4 3 7 19 8 0 8 4 11 ... II Institutions in natire atates. Cost to native state revenues. Cost to local and muni. cipal funds. ...... ...I.. ...... III.I. Total cost ... ..... ...FI * The annual cost is calculated on the direct expenditure on The average cost of educating each pupil is obtained by dividing the direct expenditure by the average number on the rolls monthly during the year. † The average cost of each papil in local fand and municipal schools is obtained from the figures given in General Table VII. Fractions of a rupee are omitted, except in the columns showing the average 09 annual cost of educating each pupil. 29 13 8 4 0 4 0 11 318 12 8 4 6 2 1 0 Aided institutions. Cost to provincial revenues. Cost to local and mani. cipal funds. 6 1 0 0 3; 0 .... ...... 1..... Total cost 177 9 16 3 3 2 11 •-•.. 0 60 15 1127 11 ... 1 0 7 Unaided institutions. Total cost 59 9 9 11 14 9 2 3 6 91 15 1,5 12 6 .... ...II 154 12 3 421 8 1 3 14 7 0 10 665 3 0 17 9 5 2 11 3 All institutions Cost to provincial Ye- Dues. Cost to local and muni. cipal funds. 0 4 10 0 0 3 0 1 91 0 1 11 IOE TOTAL COST 266 46 470 7 2,16 5 2 10 6 85 3,82 3,82 6 6 13 10 GENERAL STATISTICS.

·Number of scholars on the iv GENERAL STATISTICS. EDUCATION, GENE Return of Colleges and Schools and of Scholars attending them PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS. UNDER PUBLIC MANAGEMENT. UNDRR PRIVATE MANAGEMENT. Maintained by the Departmont. Maintained by Municipal Bourds. Aided by the Department or by Municipal Hoards. Unaided. CLASS OF INSTITUTIOXB. Number of institutions. Number of scholars on the rolls on S1st March. Average number on the rolls monthly during the year. Average daily attendance, Number of institutions. Arerage number on the rolls monthly during the year, Average daily attendance, Number of institutions, Number of scbolars on the rolls on 31st Marcb. Average namber on the rolls monthly during the year. Average daily attendance, rolls on 31st Number of scholars on the rolls on Slot March, Number of institations, Average number on the rolls monthly daring the year. Average daily attendanoo. 8 S 8 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 16 17 UNIVERSITY EDUCATION. Arus Colleges English 18 948 1,190 009 ...... 6 877 707 688 7 980 1,080 845 ...1 COLLEOH OB DEPARTMENTS OF COLLEGES FOX PROFESSIONAL TRAINING. 195) ... . O 824 R. II 602 478 LAW Medicine Engineering B 1 1 שור 103 170) 100 13 164 180 101 349 ... SECONDARY EDUCATION. High and Middle Schools. Por Boy 2 607 390 1 . High schools Middle English English Vernaculer... 01 14,401 8 1,016 180 14,474 14,473 11,869 1,078 833 0,411 7,867 . 40 280) 1,444 131 648 849 199,494 98.548 47,872 18,000 14,582 89,619 47,400 44,884 84,030 155 102 18,847 18,581 16,114 0,206 8,878 6,680 0,221 0,758 .. 1,348 942 Por Girls 2 186 201 110 149 ...... 5 100 High schools English Middle English Vernacular... Total secondary Bohools 40 2,040 257 88 1,601 79: 1,098 940 618 238 20 488 208 18 484 229 14 610 ..00 18 ... ... 1 341 20,077 23,181 20,14219 2,914 2,120 1,006 1,670 104,938 101,462 78,040 392 86,229 89,026 46,894 PRIMARY EDUCATION. Primary School, For Buys Upper primary Lower 92 8 769 189 733 149 490 0 106 30 201 184 450 90 180 2,015 06,826 30,885 1,042,209 89,268 71,816 70 2,858 2,598 2,038 914,814 766,012 6,949 78,097 69.708 08,728 For Girls- 160 ***** 147 115 POP Upper primary Lower 804 260 1,897 8,274 28,711 7,867 5,765 26,080 20,001 14 122 687 2,991 2,901 1,766 Total Primary Soliools 80 SOR R82 60080 850 790 400 61,658 1,176,178 1,098,000 802,584 0,184 84,889 76,108 02,954 167 140 . . 110 632 .. ...... 16 429 108 SPECIAL EDUCATION, Schools for 8pocial Instructw». School of Art Training schools for pastors Ditto for mistruowers Medical Rchools, . Kurveying Industrial Madrass Otber schools 498 118 890 94 III. ...10 I. 9 4 414 1845 161.. 2 188 180 110 ... 18 16 15 I. OR... 604 136 62 1,057 SI 1 6 1 69 1,183 80 878 28 8 6 1 100 381 86 06 287 84 ... 218 8 102 67 il ... 11 14. Total Spooial Buboolo... 39 2,621 2,189 1 18 16 18 13 837 867 658 10 840 647 Sos Total Robools of Public Instruction 828 80,065 30,400 84,881 43 3,070 2,026 2,021 85,246 1,486,646 1.140,878 848,687 8,818 182,189 111,828 01,680 . .. tad sed . !!! PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS I 1. ADVANCED, TEACAING- (a) Ambic or Persian (bi Sanskrit 2. BURMENTABY, TEACHING a Vernacular only or mainly 3. OTIBR SCHOOLS pot conforming to Departmental Standards for boy ... ... giria 10 Por oys girls 31 . Total GRAND TOTAL ·GENERAL STATISTICS. RAL TABLR III. in the Lower Provinces of Bengal for the official year 1884-85. NUMBER OF BOHOLARS ON THE $18T OF MARCI LEARNING CLASSIFICATION OF BOHOLARA ON TES S18T OF MARCR AOCORDING TO RACE OR CREED, RENABIB. Grand total of public institutions. Grand total of scholar on the 81st March. & classical language. A vernaculer language. Europeans and Eurasians. English. he Native Christians. Mabummadans. Hindus. Others. 18 19 20 21 88 29c 28 298 36 2,779 2,741 1,910 32 2,663 120 8 6 girls 8 610) 83 649 182 140 040 782 140 Solo 3 girls. ..... 09 8,098 249 709 1,140 39,272 40,14 60,011 48,723 84,06% 8,011 19,146 819 168 32,078 47,557 65,847 1,479 1,449 408 407 182 40.94 40,789 $6,041 06 2015 320 09 girls. 421 kirls. 749 girls. 8,808 09 8 30 19 789 2,273 977 AS2 2.4.13 113 299 218 184 977 514 2,01 61 191 231 114 09 712 ...... . 87 boys. 401 boys. 5 beyn, 1,233 girls in boys' schools. 433 boys iu kirls' schools, 2,185 172,458 98,818 20,510 1413,658 5,405 1,611 144,208 20,212 902 2,728 62,869 100,788 1,121,800 478 401 103 70,816 100,727 1,101,04% 618 8,376 81,080 727,898 17,408 364,361 1,207 26,796 8,423 girls, 31,870 girls. 278 2,019 9,021 81,102 1,121 69 09 662 8,300 30,718 800 60 1,048 840 7.099 24,005 171 8,252 108 899 873 boys Bu7 boys. 67,888 1,202,701 2,089 71,834 1,240,798 714 8,787 8-80,128 387,190 29,94 64,795 Burls in boys' sclicols. girls' schools. 1 01... 100.00 ... 156 678 2 71 1 91 899 192 38 84 girls. 9 1... RO 167 1,083 102 072 171 172 1.888 188 8 8.49 83 4 17 ...... 1,077 102 091 171 100 76 111 ..... 1 .... 339 130 100 1 187 130 23 31 1,888 11 6 826 81 1,583 80 6 1 81 87 8,918 717 1,842 2,167 10 480 1,638 1,046 186 84 giria. 70.129 1,442,841 100,285 95,896 1,889,008 0,518 7,984 980,988 409,212 80,00238,080 girls in boys' schools. 1,40,9 boyo in girls' schools. 0,269 1 VIII. 1.1.01 ...I 10,486 0,891 4,978 287 1,748 940 1,088 866 10 109 8 10,228 8,792 417 180 1,220 847 800 4,661 101 1,898 9,886 8,888 19 188 173 ..... 318 girls. & kirlB. 84 qu'ils 44 girls. 989 818 1,107 20 ..... 489 . ..... ... ...... 8,818 27,839 1 21,880 5,808 18,065 11,656 673 446 girls in boys' schonla. 86,613 girls in boys' schools. 1,403 boys to girls' schoola. 79,841 1,470,180 100,888 117,705 1,890,414 0,318 7,900 1,004,450 20,764 80,875 ·vi GENERAL STATISTICS. EDUCATION, GENE Return of Expenditure on Public Instruction in the PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS. UNDER POBLIC MANAGEMENT, Maintuined by the Department. Maintained by Municipal Boards, other other UBJECT OF EXTENDITURE. und and Provincial revenues, Local rates or cesses, Junicipal funds. Subscriptions. Endowments sources. en Provincial revenues. Local rates or ceases, Municipal funds. Subscriptions Endowments sources. Pees. Tutal. lees, Total. d1 20 30 Sc 3d 36 8 UNIVERBITY EDUCATION. Rs. RA Rs. Rs. Rs. Re, Ry, Ro, Ro. Rs, Rs. Rs. Rs. Bus. Arts Collegos. English 8,03,813 . 01,370 ... 18,997 4,13,580 .D. 1.100 10 ... 3.10. 12 ... I COLLEGE OR DEPARTMENTS OP COLLEGES FOR PROPESNIONAL TRAINING. 708 101 ... 10. ... 8,9943 9,777 4,668 Medicine Engineering 1... 9,194 1,50,106 67,808) 1,40,387 63,200 ... 111.00 ..... ..... ..... . .. 1 ... SECONDARY EDUCATION. High and Middle Schools. For buys 1,37,601 3,770 2.89,289 6,997 15,887 4,65,341 859 1,280 ... . 8,101 FI ! 8,240 High schools. English Middle schools English Vornucular 11. ... PII 11. I. 84,088 17,477 600 094 21,430 120 20,14 3,702 240 104 .. 74,179 183 578 3,728 1,042 0,021 78 239 1,620 10,798 ... .00 II. For girls 17,400 3,041 652 79 22,162 .. ... .... ... 10. ..... d... . High schoola ... Kuglish Middlo wchools {Enklush Vornucular Total Secondary schools .... ... ... ...... 1. .. 2,20,654 0,064 3,34,808 16,471 | 16,170 3,98,167 092 1... 6,686 13,784 75 239 pod 20,656 PRIMARY EDUCATION. Primary Schools (Vernacular). For boun- Upper piridinty Lowor primary 2,337 35 .... 204 10 PO 2,830 812) 814 ***12 787 1,710 787 1,710 B. . .. 11. For pirls- Ippor primary Lowor primary 842 ... .. 842 IO . ..... .. .. ...... Total Primary schools 9,351 280 12 80 3,678 2,407 8:42 ... 8,889 PRCIAL EDUCATION. .. ... ... 400 •10 3,400 503 ... 10,330 613,894 uc 29,849 07,651 19.000 .. 100 180 . 1.000. 1.00 100 ur.. ... .... 100 4.RO ...19 O' $14.3 Schools for Special Instructor. School of Art Training schools Inr montere Ditto for intresse Modiun) schools Surveying schools Industrial schools Madrenas Other schools 100 2 ... . .. 160 308 6 813 ... 12,269 1,818 89 4,028 .. 76,214 7,000 2,307) 25, 149 87,501 8,681 2,840 08,285 4,021 iu ... *** #... ..... .. .. 23,831 ... 1.1. .. ... Total Special schools 2,00,493 21,889 ... 800 24,090 2,46,214 8 319 - 44141 .....1 1. 10 . .. ..! ... . 1.0.3 .DIDO +40 700 ... 1 O ... 110 ... ... . . 1.11. I'niversity Direction laspection Arta colleges Profesional Collagen Scholarskupa held in Necondary schools l'rimary litto (Special ditto other thun training schools Buildings Furniture and apparatus (spomial granto only) Mirvellendous ... . 4.0 .... .. * ..dia . ..... . 19 .. 094... .00 . .... ..10.. III at 1...00 J. 11.0 . 11 19.00 .... RO d... 1.1 1.1 . ..0400 14.1.0 . P.0 101 **10.. nes 10.0.0 190.00 doo t.lv ... TOTAL EXPENDITURB ON PUBLIu INSTRUC1103 0,37,070 0,0644,71,167 16,4459,460 14 88,874 992 2,497 6,714 O. 78 15,770 284 84,807 ·GENERAL STATISTICS. vi RAL TABLE IV. Lower Provinces of Bengal for the official year 1884-85. UNDER PRIVATE MANAGEMENT. TOTAL EXPENDITURE PROM Aided by the Department or by Municipal Boards. Unaided, other other REMARKS. and and Provincial revenues. Local rates or cesses. Municipal funds. Subscriptions. Endowments sources, Subscriptions. Endowments sources, Provincial revenues. Local rates or cesses. Municipal fands. All other sources. GBAND TOTAL. Pees. Total. Pees. Total, Fees. 45 40 4d 48 4 ba ob Бc 8 Oa 07 Co 60 de 0 7 Bus. Ra. Ro. Ro. Ris. Ro. Rs. RA, Rs. Re, Ka. Ks. Rs Re, Ra. Rs. RA. 22,800 34,638 94,528 63,927 1,80,988 2,898 0,015 12,348 3,26,713 1. 1,28,630 1,00,707 0,63,120 Exclusive of the expenditure in the Lu Martiniere, Metropolitan, City und Albert Collegen. 8,390 708 $),194 Surplux fee in the Patng Col. 19,777 1,80,764 loky, Rs. 3,097. 4,008 67,808 ... .. ... 11.ro . .. BO. dos 1,40,387 03,900 .. 140.00 .... JIN 1.11 ... ...100 98,281 9,94,711 1,59,888 917 1,16,080 19,080 3,42,522 78,920 50,094 3,86,667 2,11,7445,289 49,123 9,08,149 12,211 1,03,ABA 1,07,8:30 22,210 5,16,170 23,723 30,02019, 126 0,189 6,117 1,17,928 66,732 4,819 3,31,633 10,350 13,086 8,000 31,077 1,43,472 917 1,68,5:40 24,030 8,19,6602,48,003 19,68,400) 13,889 2,119,427 2,22,842 6,30,447 10,639 1,55,003 1,19,362 4,48,446 ... VI.. 1,920 28,093 6,167 1,825 2,051 6.7965 94,224 38,12 15,668 1,70,889 1,061 8,508 10,050 27,167 180 391 102 109 117 19, 110 24,693 0,167 180) 301 5.700 2,789 27,058 94,320 63,702 1,70,091 1,001 19,CHIO 27,284 117 4,08,856 917 87,479 7,21,184 3,72,161 1,08,74110,41,228 2,46,926 88,476 70,114 4,01,614 6,96,002 917 48,620 13,16,681 6,60,430 26,67,805 1,44,081 04 5,09,810 411 3,983 1,13,835 41,188 10,985 3,16,226 2,413 2,660 3,531 8,504 8,905 19,98,967 1,48,011/ 1,83,686 22,341,90 1,14,708 91,089 18,056 1,60,916 1,48,5AS 1,241 8,049 1,16,512) 59,099 | 3,27,953 3,01,330 2,121 6,906 15,08,700 3,08,33: 23,00,451 47,234 37,422 *** 9,418 2,516 10,01 1,09,108 1,75,204 4,6457 25,200 09.00) II. 47,264 2,576 14,943 76,208 30,029 1,70,7:50 521 2,180 1,001 3,709 87,422 2,516 3,989 10,5 46 2,588 0,002) 586 2,3116 108 8,748 7,82,228 885 16,029 16,28,787 2,86, HP 2,27,78827,80,0111,18,312 28,793 19,765 1,66,870 7,36,574 3,303 10,771 |16,45,8596.61,836 20,62,602 400 ... II ... 10.. 11.100 dad.. ... ... ..... 10.... 8,58A 4,028 781 12,3631 2,469 7,219 . 18,089 14,810 ..... . . 40 ...... •1•..• 2,181 .. 000 2,184 19,243 72,631 4,028 75,211 7,1186 2,999 28,429 4,438 3,410 1,300 12,503 2,469 7,219 14,454 109 1,044 33 979 4,113 09,016 2011 3,001 22,642 80,394 14,816 819,775 8,91 8,411 10,158 8,400 300 20 R.RO 99 59 161 180 740 920 88 | 82,010 13,785 45,879 1,110 1,116 1...! 100 JO... III... 417 281 2,209 182 8,008 .. ... 10,676 8,621 21,884 182 86,213 2,272 32,280 16,041 80,099 2,10,041 800 27,658 93,027 8,32,832 31,318 ..490 . 00000 100001 11 .. ..900 ... 600 Va... II. 10.100 .... 461 .... . ••• ..tu .... ..... .... ... .... . 1..... ... ..... ...o .... .. .. .. 101 00 ...e 19.90 .1 21. ... . 812) DINO .. ... 64,761 4,40,407 71,248 18,400 07.079 4,620 2,613 1,91,815 8,339 1,06,950 149 814 ...20 32,818 66,7511 1,201 | 4,44,000 17,000 H8,31 1,2156 19,076 1,5072 011,042 205 6,034 210 2,8281 $2,176 2,28,850 518 9,007) 2,879 1,09,581 100110 .. 00110 1... 1. .... ...00 10.14 12. ...10 .... ... ... ..... 14.1 2 11.0a M. J... ....0 4,660 164 208 .10 ...... .... ..... WI... .... 6.00 9721 . 11,74,168 1782 38,808 2,96,106 7,09,856 3,86,098 46,05,448 9,69,107, 1,49,448 2,10,486 6,84,020 80,31,037 0,304 71,412 (91,71,487'14, 80, 1908 78,18,178 ·EDUCATION. GENERAL TARLE V. Return of the Stages of Instruction of Pupils in Public Schools for General Education in the Lower Provinces of Bengal at the end of the official year 1884-85. !!!A HIGA STAGR. MIDDLE STAGR. TPPBR PRIX ARY STAGE. LOWER PRIXABY STAGR. + Comprising all pupils who have not passed beyond the Lower Primary Stare. Compriside all pupils who Comprising all pupils who comprising all pupils who have passed beyond tbe have passed beyond the have passed beyond the Middle Ftage, but have not t'pper Primary Stace. but Lower Primary Stage, but Sed the Matriculation have not passed beyond hare not passed beyond Examination. the Middle Stage. tbe l'pper Primary Stage TOTAL CL268 OF BCROOLS. Number of pupils on the rolls on 31st March. Reading printed books. Not reading printed books Numir of schools, 1 2 3 5 Boys. Girls, Total. Girls. Boys. Total, Boys. . Girls. Total, Boys. Girls. Total. Total. Boys. Girls. Girls. Total. Boys. 3,93% 3,334 3 3,828 3,337 4,092 .. SBCONDART SCHOOLS. Boys' shools. Government High English Aided Craided Goverment Middle English... Aided Unaided Government Middle vernacular Aiden (paided 17 7 11 6 12 2 97 S8 9 191 ! 66 9 675 155 189 849 14,891 19.434 18,947 1.2003 88,595 9,215 11.913 47,872 6,221 4.955 5,494 6,187 3117 7,191 1.319 1,841 7,378 621 4.935 6,73 6,197 916 7,2113 1,318 1,442 7,2811 622 3,591 5,37 4.566 399 11 277 2.5 2.795 11,50 1,460: 2 2 cho coerus 3,501 5,314 4,591 348 11,3.32 2,453 2,91 11,797 1,43 12 8 14 145 60 29 2.491 4,849 3,616 532 16,638 4.53 4,887 21,783 2,691 166 384 285 85 3,970 PIS 2,259 6,721 1,415 2.431 4,891 8,624 5-76 18,783 4.596 4,91 22,005 2,721 14,891 19,992 18,792 1,280 39,275 9,230 11,975 47,243 6,150 166 359 253 83 3,172 911 2.252 6, +23 1,878 14.991 19,94 18,757 1,2: 89,595 9.295 11,918 47,878 6,221 43 6 2 7 998 9 1 2 1 9 ... 71 1021 3 30 Total 2,098 168,469 11,275 11,279 35,320 35,292 154 1,233 3 13.502 43.856 167,048 188,281 61.983 590 15,459 62,583 14,996 Girls' schools. 41 2 188 41 188 .... 186 40 613 13 3 11 13} S 41 High English 105 7 3 27 9 15 105 7 78 ..... 132 80 62 16 6 27 64 2 880 +407 ... 2,040 Government Aided l'naided Government Afded Unaided Government Aided Unaided Niddle Engliek 2,1.30 233 323 25 335 31 GENERAL STATISTICS. 38 12 497 58 585 70 102 17 526 35 171 49 623 62 542 80 371 87 323 T8 1,717 165 . 6 ...... 907 952 Hidalo Fernacular 5 957 1 4 18 1 95 1 85 1 205 1 230 17 423 1 1 1 17 .... Total 57 57 3,929 631 57 18 679 83 903 3,883 132 956 1,166 8, 450 823 1,298 230 699 2,155 TOTAL BBCONDARY SCHOOLI 11,275 172, 456 11,835 35,819 60 35,975 665! 4,6RS 43,555 1,057 44,612 69,115 1,746 63,961 16,381 15,298 187,481 172,164 1,185 - PUXARY BCHOOLS. Por boys. Government Aided Unaided Government Side Unaided 11 159 5 Upper primary 11 159 5 8 1,484 114 25 1,716 431 51,190 1,569 2,615 79 28 38,698 3,849 227 18,113 435 19 4,419 839 954 96,96 ..359 641 1,042,262 78,997 227 18,227 460 19 4, +19 49,700 1,517 294 545,257 29,519 259 25,434 796 917 413,221 47,115 285 820 277,850 99,612 82 2,783 824 690 480, 492 1,012.&37 48,591 77,003 SA 935 8,314 98,928 75 3,853 11 641 29, SAS 1,048,8A2 1,994 78,901 Lower primary 12,064 528 : 577,321 30,077 17,271 1,466 . Total 65,585 1,223,638 175 175 23,552 169 23,721 646,776' 14,110 S4,789 1,432,638 680,886 517,342 20,514 697,856 1,187,845 180 78 $,831 Upper primary 73 280 21 1,967 85 S11 Por girls. Government Aided Cuided Government Aided Unaided 11 1,299 109 160 7,983 503 78 8,608 259 180 13,954 587 8,274 587 2,857 181 3,032 189 291 82 185 90 . . 25 28 ..... Lower primary 69 1,897 120 15,077 28,711 2,891 967 11 16,444 1,856 218 7 12,980 4,025 19,188 1,033 152 2,879 83,711 2,391 3 .40 13 1,945 IN Total 73 ! 2,297 40,123 1,435 970 39.153; 73 $0,103 1,490 593 923 20,425 17,200 21,018 17,522 TOTAL PANI BT SCHOOLS 1,262,761 67,882 175! 73 249 29,807 1,604 25,211 647,869 34,535 881,994 517,664 73,925. 1,282,741 37,714 655,378 1,188,818 .. GRAND TOTAL 70,057 1,495,819 11,276 60 11,335 33,485 738 98,223 671,750 1,368,496 67,162 2,681 69,823 36,281 709,494 745,765 532,890 98,869 i 78,00 11,434,906 1.- Por the purposes of this returu, schools maintained by municipal boards should be included under Government scbools. II.-The number of girls shewn in this table should correspond with the number returned under primary and secondary schools in general form Ill. III.--Mixed schools should be entered as bogs' schools or girls' schools, according as the number of boys or of girls is greater. • Retums of 188 papus from the La Martiniere boge' have not been furnished. # Returns of 108 pupils from the Darjeeling convent girls' school bave not been furpished. Returns of 20 pupils from Old Church Parochial home have not been furnished. Rclusive of 814 pupils, wboso returns have not been furnished, ·GENERAL STATISTICS. EDUCATION, GENERAL TABLE VI. Return showing the results of prescribed Examination in the Lower Provinces of Bengal for the official year 1884-85. NUMBER OF INSTITUTION! HENDING KIAMINEKU, NUMBER OF EXAMINRE8. NUMBER PAASED. RACE OR CRBRD OI PAHID ACROLLRA. institis NATUE 07 BEAMINATION, Goverordent tiuris. Aided institutions. STORIES 1 2 S 16 ART. OOLJ.B@21- 80 3x 119 1. Supplementary Bachelor of Arts Ditto First Examination in Arts. 7 11 NO 1) 28 20 88 919 587 18 00 10 15 201 5 א12 135 80 290 108 288 8 6 2 10 COLLEGRE POR PROY R88IONAL TRAIN- INO- Lan 1. Bachelor-of-low 2 8 83 87 140 85 ...... .. 77 114 "... . Madirine- 1 27 27 19 3 .. 12 1. First M. B. Do. L.MX 3. Second M. B. Do. L. M. N. 1 1 1 1 13 3 11 8 1 1 20 20 6 3 Engineering- 1. L.C.R. $. Fır.t. Examination in Engineer. ing. 1 . 9 10 9 10 ... 1 ... 8 5 12.00 BCBOOLA POK (ENERAL EDUCATION- 6 978 3.9 417 1,075 112 60 1,201 25 846 12 1 806 2,774 y 160 76 998 700) 2,681 212 1,019 102 248 108 2,379 3 2,953 19 111 2,04 60 1 6 271 504 41 480 1,579 3 2,820 23 9 21,091 297 108 228 Middle English Scholur. Boys ship Examination, Girls Middle Veruncular Scho Hoss larship Examination, Girls Upper Primary Scholar- & Boys. ship Examination, Guls Lowor Primary Scholar-Boyh ship Exammation. Girls Girls' Scholarship Elumination held by the Hitakan Sable of Ulterpara 4,489 8 6,012 77 13,410 407 1,894 21 11,290 1.80 . 101 5,171 78 42,078 4070 42 11,4415 140) 458 1 304 9 159 SB 28886 17 18,197 3,089 1256 200 7 21.600 270 1 . אך 78 101 ... 101 194 134 a ·GENERAL STATISTICS. EDUCATION, GENERAL, Return showing the Distribution of Local Fund and Municipal Expenditure on Y EXPENDITURE OF LOCAL FUND BOARDS ON PUBLIO INSTRUCTION. IN INSTITCTIONS MAINTAINED BY LOCAL FUND BOARDA, IN INSTITUTIONS MAIN TAINED BY - Associa. OBJECTS OF EXPENDITURK. Number of institutions, the Number of scholars on rolls on tbe 31st of March. Average nnmher on the rolls montbly during the year. Average daily attendance. grants. Provincial Local rates or cesses. Municipal grants. Endowments and other sources. The Department. Subscriptions. Municipal Boards. Total Local Fand expenditure on Publie Instruction. Private persons or tions. Fees. Total, 9 4 7 8 2 10 11 12 18 18 18 Rs. Rs. Rs. ks. Rs. Hs. RA Rs. Rs, RA. Rs. SECONDABY EDUCATION. Iligh and Middle Schools. For Boys High schools 10. ... . .. ..! English (English Verwoulur... I.. * : ... lot 1.. liddle 19 ... ... .. : ... 10 ... ... For Girls Hirh schools ... . .. ... .. ... English (inglish Vernacular. ... .... I. 100 Middle .!! ... ... - : ... II. .. ... Total *** PRIMARY EDUCATION. Primary Schools, For BOVE ... 201 184 787 ..) ... 787 787" Upper primary Lower 20 489 450 18! .. 1,710 ... 1 ... . 1,7109 ... ... 1,710* For Girls Upper primary ... .... : 1 . ... ... ... Lower ... .. . I. .. .. : Total 11 000 019 280 2,497" .. 2,497* 2,417 2,407" SCHOOL, EDUCATION, NPRCIAL. Sahools for Special Instruction. Trnink sounols for Masters ... II. .. Dit school for Mistrouson ... ... ** ... I. 1. .. Medicul Nchools ... ... ... . DEN ... . Surveyma ... 11 ... 100 ... . Industria) .. .. .. 10 tad .. .. . ... Modrexag ... .. 1 ... 140 1.41 Other pchools .. : ... I. .. : .. . Total ... . ** ... ..... ... ... ... INSPECTION .. A. 11 P. I. ...... ... KCUOLA ENRIPA held in- Accorulary schools .. 1. . 06 ... . ... tou ... ... 199 Primary 1 ... .... 21 ... II . PO .... . 110 b. ... ... Special schools other than training schools 100 : ... ! .. .. 40 BUILI'INGS LI 1. ... .. ... .. . 1. 16 FURNITURE ANI) APPARATUS (Special grants only) .... ... . ... .. ... ... 1. dl... MINCELLANEOUS . . . . ... DU 100 ... .. 2720 GRAND TOTAL 20 890 143 283 2,407 .. 12,487 ... 44 8,638 • Kliondmul Cose Fund.

·GENERAL STATISTICS. TABLE VII. Public Instruction in the Lorcer Provinocs of Bengal for the official year 1884-85. 11 MT BXPENDITORE OF MUNICIPAL BOARDS ON PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. IN INSTITUTIONB MAINTAINED BY MUNICIPAL BOARDS. IN INSTITUTIONS MAINTAINED BY other or asocih REMARKS. kumber of institutions. and Number of scholars on the rolls on the 31st of March. Average bomber on the rolls monthly during the year. Total Expenditure of Local Pund and Municipal Boards on Public Instruction, Average daily attendance. Total Mwicipal expenditure on Public Instraction, Provincial grants. Municipal rates. Local fund grants. Subscriptions. Endowments sources, Local Paud Boards. The Department, Private persons tione. Fee Total, 17 18 19 20 21 22 NG 29 24 26 28 27 98 29 8$ 81 82 Rs. Rs, Rs. Rs. Ru. Rs. Ry, Ra. Rs. Rex, Rs. 2 490 607 890 889 1,280 6,101 ats. 8,210 9,770 38,080 31.030 24,030 ..... 1 280 205 VA .... 678 1,042 ... 1,820 600 13,211 | 13,589 19,38A 1..10 ... 9 1,441 1,349 159 3,728 .... 8,621 75 230 10,780 1,117 101,539 10,599 100 II I.. ... . 11. ..... 180) 150 180 ... III 10.00 I. II. ... u.. dor .... .. 801 361 361 III 12 2,914 2, 120 1,600 002 6,5** 14,7114 70 239 0,086 5,0006 37,81948, 1999 | 48,409 ...! .... 3,909 9,903 3,903 III. ...... ... ... 13.30 ..1 .. . 0,905 6,905 0,105 II. 4 160 147 115 842 2,570 8,418 I. 3,418 ...... .. I. 2,515 2,016 2,615 .... E... 100 147 115 84 16,899 18,741 16,741 ...... ".. ... 111... 54 RID ..... ..... II .. ... .... 10. ..... .... MO 1 18 16 18 300 B 812 306 900 ...... IDI ID IROID ... .... II.1. 4.1.1 1190 1.1. ...10 110 ... .... ..... &.... ...do ... ...... .....4 1 16 10 16 08 HR .... 912 3013! 306 ... ...10 .... 4. 401 ...... .... 481 ..... . .. ... .... IS .....! ..... 149 149 1.In 10.00 1. ... . .. 214 .... 214 1000 ... 100 ... ...00 ..... uery I.BR 11.11 186 2,798 90 ..... 4,944 7 2,778 ...100 2,776 311 10.400 885 888 385 II. .... ..) ITINE ODIO C16 016 ... . . . .101 17 2,389 2,283 1,730 1,1.66 13,770 76 239 24,714 3,094 64,140 70,116 70,145 ·GENERAL STATISTICS. EDUCATION SUBSIDIARY TABLE I. Return of the Caste and Creed of pupils at the Colleges and Schools in the Lower Provinces of Bengal for the year 1884-85. HINDUB. CABIBTIANS. CLAMN OP SCILOOLS, Number of schools. Number of pupils on the rulls on the sist Murch, 11).-Brahnans. Raj. puts. Bathakavarths, and ().-Nasasakhs. 13).- Sonarhanias, Carpenters, Goldemiths, and other intermedi- (1):-Chainars, Domes, Haris, Bagdis, Pods ate castes, &c. Eurpeans and Euraslane, Mussulmans. (Aboriginal races Buddhists. Parsis, &c., &c.). Others Native Christians. Grand Total of all races. Total. Total. UNIVERSITY ICDUCATION. 19 47 1 2 916 877 930 702 B09 700 28 71 08 838 7705 919 95 31 3 5 8 20 67 846 877 956 7 41 4 B. 147 1844 ...on Arts Colleges- Government Aided Unded Colleget ur dopartmonta nf collagra for profr&xloxal training - Government {lorided ... 6 2 17.00 125 894 107 403 112 498 3 68 19 20 11 IN 125 524 99 2 0 Od 64 33 8 SA 11. It Midionne Enginerin Government Ditto 139 149 2 19 16 4 ] 1 9 4 134 140 82 .... IR NCHOOL8 YOU GENERAL EDICATION, For Boys- 41 2,814 Ciovernment Auded l'aided ... High English 14,991 19,19+ 18,47 131 86 10,015 19,599 11,:57 1 004 2), 150 3,083 1,007 1.156 2,761 12,217 (n) 10.1967 (0) 17,162 110 103) 21 1,206 2003 1,456 1,223 131 1,374 473 127 04 84 14.491 19,496 18,928 ... B 9 Government Unaided Middle do. 8 645 155 1,296 38,5116 961 21,089 4,945 86 6,760 1,388 182 4,973 680 (c) 32,84 7,98 640 4,4165 1,268 92 1,95% 3 2 493 14 1,787 25 82 112 74 1,296 38,682 9,295 9,295 1,4998 97 149 Do. vernacular Governinent 11.01A 47,872 0,.21 849 109 6,477 29,752 2,788 1.687 8,482 361 2,602 7 GH 1,6.13 190 991 141 10),OKA 11,-44 6,816 1.631 0,873 881 15 162 15 102 15 linu.ded 216 78 28 11,918 $7,872 0,221 "8 176 24 ... 954 I. .. . Vpper primary Government Unarded 914 BR.926 7,898 195 S8.12 1,004 310 17,711 055 718 78,411 22,690 834 2,802 27 17,017 303 MB 08 492 59 106 1,000 40 0,928 2,858 79 60 804 Lower do. Government Aided Unaided 2A B6, 9H13 6,449 611 1,042,262 78,407 SA 141 2,42,43 180.55.17 16,100 10,161 122 201,612 60.901) 14,544 829 B 076,63841,847 01,531 2,706 2,087 1,288 2,112 1,800 22.971 8,100 R41 1,042,263 78,997 12 w.800 Por Girl 90 10 106 1 89 IR 186 Government Ardech Unaided High Engligh 15 36 186 40 519 B 8 606 1 6 20 38 B07 II.. 507 11 0 Middle do. 50 08 (c) 183 2,040 239 26 4 1.972 ..... 1,789 220 2,040 ... 10 ... - {Heded Do. vernacular... Consided ...... *** 8 05 13 712 9.7 20 231 240 18 1 8,57 20 . 20 .... .... Upper primary Government Aidud Unaided 4 260 140 8.274 587 383 3,037 211 49 1.200 73 1,16:3 70 118 108 6.617 37.5 912 13 (8) 440 164 BO MUC) 9 1,419 150 69 84 160 8,274 880 lowor do. Aident Unaided 1,897 28.711 2.39 11,945 1,014 4,866 MIN) 6,061 3,101 331 831 08 22,232 1,823 629 *17 191 651 246 28 707 184 122 21.711 2,301 SCHOOLS POR SPECIAL EDUCATION. Nchool of Art Govorument 157 92 20 164 2 1 ... 167 fors Training schools masters. 16 Dito (Alded A1 662 01 71 411 ..... AO 10 10 .... 9 340 18 73 940 684 499 .. Do. 8 109 9 99 . 10 ..... 104 ... a... 102 Training wihooly for mistrive. Medical schools Govertiment Uruided 4 504 925 18+ 5 28 8 16 .... SAR 107 128 1 604 168 ... Surveying schools Governinent BE 116 6 190 9 29 17 18 171 1 2 7 1.. 80 80 6 88 Industrial schools Ditto Aidod Unaided 1 ... 19 4 77 I. ... 10 32 24 8 27 % 2 108 Madrasaab! Government Unaided 1 1,037 331 .... 140 1,05R 330 1,007 831 6 .... ... 81 Other schools Government Aided Unaided 1 3 . 31 302 36 14 12 ... 70 95 102 36 ..... 31 102 $5 1 ... II ...00 . PRIVATE INSTITUTIOX8. Advapaud, teaching (a) Sanskrit h) Arabic or Persian Klementary, teaching a vernacular only or mainly Other privato schools 100 10.485 1,098 020 878 112 9.730 916 1,414 191 8 13 618 29 978 1,604 11 24 376 ... 9,845 1.22A 3,872 182 9,260 1,170 1,1:27 45 178 9,841 10,485 6,345 1,748 1.7.48 1... ..... Total 72,841 1,470, 180 421,879 247,902 273,102 61,781 (0)1,004,364 420,708 8,318 7,969 14,287 80,876 1,470,084 Schools viuintained by Municipal Buaris are included under Government schools. (e) 39 pupils whose returns have not been furnished. (6) 20 ditto ditto ditto. (c) 18 ditto ditto ditto. (d) 8 ditto ditto ditto. ditto ditto ditto. ditto ditto ditto. ditto ditto ditto. (y) 84 ·GENERAL STATISTICS. EDUCATION SUBSIDIARY TABLE II. Return of Occupation of Parents or Guardians of pupils at the Colleges and Schools in the Lower Provinces of Bengal during the year 1884-85. MIDDLE CLABERN OF BOCIETT (TRARLY INCOME FROM Rs. 200 TO Rs. 5,000). L'OOKKU CLASARS OP BOCIETY (TRARLY IN- COMO NOT EXCKEJING Bus. 200). with CLASS OF SOROOLS, Number of schools. Number of pupils on the rolls on the 31st March. Richer classes of society (yearly income abore Rs. 5,000.) Government service, Private service. Estatos. Professions, Trades. Conmon labour. Agriculture. Service. Skilled labour. Trades. Miscellaneous. Total. Grand Toul. Total. UNIVERSITY EDUCATION Arts Colleges- 18 19 Government Aided Unuided 940 877 956 174 70 110 919 209 298 139 184 231 204 170 78 441 120 07 6941 789 0901 18 9 8 4 20 3 12 78 18 108 977 85 23 Colleges or Departmonte of Collegor for Profossional Trusning 18 110) . 125 . 1001 861 10 12 52 192 140 11 70 9 6 98 471 G 25 (toverument Unaided Medicine Government Enginwering Ditto SCHOOLS POR GENERAL EDUCATION- 17 2A 10 17 21 24 2011 17 DI 17 34 121 120 184 -a Si For Boys- 2031 High English Government ... Aided Uruided 58 191 00 14,891 1,633 3,041 1,654 2,618 1,841, 1039 10,701 19.494 FOS 2,405 3,058 3.299 1,144 1,599 12,934 18,947 1,327 2,789 3,420 2,300 1,488 2,094 12,279 1.001 2,008 2,133 7788 1,902 7:38 131 280 400 148 240 978 987 741 ... Middlo English Government Aided Unaided 1) 84,5 165 333 118 M 94 103 80 2,500 5,48 6,893 2,077 8,319 20.5 330 1,164 1,267 512 720 89,595 9,290 170 4.2 1,482 19.0147 4,119 IM 6,262 1,687 05) 2,03 1,079 80 87 863 2,113 218 DXB 1 2,607 14,891 6,897 19,484 0,158 () 18,709 தே 1,99% 17,688 () 88, 484 4,861 9,295 7,6057 11.9918 27.828 47,878 8,995 ... Middle Vernacular Governmeut Aided Unaided 180) 840 102 11,918 47.872 0,221 200 422 781 1.450 010, 878 811 2.0852 6,010 0,850 2,0171 4.114 101 1018 095 104 897 4,043 19,788 2,120 1,407 5,990 720 3,819 10,452 2,092 1,400 404 4,601 1,785 1,200 9,214 $75 200 234 . 862 Upper Primary Giovernment Aided Unaided 28 4,615 791 004 26,920 2,858 2014 19 29; SO 9,621 9,188 1,713 6,621 3A 109 222 120 657 22 102 20,14 597 84 0,035 238 609 11,835 %.882 . 097 23 27 11,079 4,648 8,801, 8,941 6!) 10) 185 76,425 %. 284 9,92 2,RUM Lower Primary Government Aided Umudod 28 041 1 1 S 2 20 60,880 1,042,212 3,360 0,185 18,335 61,820 11,AKO 37,80128,194 5,1440) 78,9817 190 148 888 8,026 713 1,8+1 6,700 877 1571 10) 21 27 09,003 097.71% 101,658 408,078 07,903 90,992 3,480 61,615 0,604 $,154, 6,524 2,14 6111 912,76 72,161 ... ... 2,042.12 78,1777 Por Girls 8 46 Government. Aided Unaided 37 B 19 1800 4) 613 نعت و High Eaglish 82 1 07 1444 39 1 2A . 1 109 ... 6 89 8 200 II. (c) 27 715 0821 lel 361 371 12) 23 30 1 20 4 2,010 299 Middle English 1.8140 210 (d) 9,025 17 Unuided { Aided 19 206 77 841 01 80 09 44 Middle Vernaculur 18 1 067 20 06 ... 4 7 241 5 . 9987 20 ZU ULO + ... 131 97 Government Aided Unudod Upper Primary 189 8,274 587 7 8 288 1,3399 7,089 17 201 1! 805 92 871 880 14 2 Y 782 87 649 32 100 9 407 07 6011 50 2281 B 020 4 151 147 160 3,275 (6) 8,218 197 (1) 398 19,850 (g) 28,709 1,824 Aided 194 Lower Primary {Umuided 1,897 122 28,711 2,301 870 1,R25 2,850 130 191 958 1,943 79 208 8,647 821 3,821 290 8,019 7131 8,717 1,186 1,602 1,575 253 65 71 132 213 SCHOOLS TOR SPECIAL EDUCATION- Rchool of Art Government 1 107 1 28 40 21 15 18) 129 13 1 9 34 167 20 78 30 18. 0 50 14 SA 1 84 8 218 10 133 77 2131 224 0 100 480 410 604 429 1 t.. .. Treninder Schools for alle antament Training Rohools for aided Goveramont. { Snaided 31 102 12 es 15 32 11 8 11 16 28 70 104 B0$ 88 86 8 27 Medical Schools 18 ... 42 12 641 21 973 17 48 951 272 108 18 72 05 37 10 210 03 504 106 188 ..... ..I Surveying Soboole... Government 171 2 29 89 29 11 9 111 17 39 1 6. ON 171 8 31 B 28 ... 82 IPO . .. Industria) Bohoolo Government Aidod Unaided OO ... PO ... I. 2 108 7 8 89 8 11 68 38 .. ... ... : 98 106 Governmont 39 119 87 87 1 .. Madrasabe Comentario 1,067 831 824 83 69 3 H. 191 $0 736 06 9 181 81 10 d. 8 97 1,057 881 ... 5 242) 0 21 6 . Government Aided Unaided 12 9 31 Other wohoola 31 102 36 1 19 21 9 6 3 D 9 2 38 10 19 3 10 81 2) ... 104 .. ... 8 0. 10 . .11. SC PRIVATS INSTITUTIONS Advanced, teaching- Banskrit Arabic or Perslan da .. 1. 1,088 940 9,841 10,486 28 108 18 181 279 1,409 1,188 200 6001 199 199 398 8,0291 1,778 8.97 911 8,299 4,BUB 2401 191 eus 1,435 192 OXO 898 450 6,790 8,604 9,841 10,4646 OC II. Elementary, tomohing á verziacular only or mainly Other private schools 1. 101 372 112 8.885 1,740 10 27 14 101 120 14 2001 79 841 13 627 30 996 100 974 87 893 182) 852 70 478 85 772 1HS 418 4,8201 1,571 8,986 1,748 10 III SI - CA Total 72,641 1,470,180 11,602 20,088, 61,870 96,535 30,108 66,297 488,836 111,080 742,880 188,426/ 62,062|74,42 89.697 1,189,18/(%) 1,609,312 I. Bchools maintained by Municipal Boards are included under Government Schools. (a) No return of 184 wupils torn La Martiniere. (o) Oro school has 38 orphana, aud do return of 20 pupile. (0) Two school has 111 Orphans. (1) No returns of 89 pupils. ( Tree geh ole bus 240 pupils. (d) One not han 11 orphADS, (d) Ouo schvol has 10 ur phune. (*) No roturns frou 666 pupils.

·EDUCATION SCBSIDIARY TABLE III. xiv Return of schools anded from the grant-in-nid allotment, the circle grant, municipal funds, or khas mehal grant in the Lover Prorinces of Benyal iluring the year 1884-85. RECEIVED FROM CLASS OF SCHOSLS. Number of schools, Yumber of scholars. Provincial rerences. Municipal funds. Local rates of cesses, Fees, Subscriptions. Endowments and other sources. Total. 2 S 9 10 5 B Re. Bs. Rs. Rs, Rs, Rs. Rs. A.-GBAXT-IN-AID SCHOOLS. 6 3 1 119 791 2,469 261 521) 917 6,599 4 R28 30/0 79,175 1,40,491 44.763 16,414 1,655 Por Dasters TRAIXISG SCHOOLS Distresses MUSIC ECHOOL High English Middle FOR BOYB vernacular I Cpper primary (Lower OTHER SCHOOL (SAXERIT) High English Middle POB GIRLS vernacular 1 t'prer prinary (Lower . 499 103 37 17.619 36,254 30,730 4,352 5,374 15 40 149 927 17.423 9,775 5,121 411 12,399 7.813 3,824 376 .:::::: 1,51,476 1,25.176 49,113 4,389 6,731 SS3 61: 101 151 1 1 3 17 222 77 12,33,3 7,219 639 67,243 1,16,181 83,139 11.493 6,59 1.515 9.51 1.1123 8,548 63,524 11,613 18,683 34,318 1,200 3,90,716 4,31,083 2,88.00 27,462 7,455 1.81 5,784 3,592 27,073 1,32.885 19,6449 IR 1,825 1,99 1,65% 6, 173 3: 7:17 7.112 130 391 2,045 168 1.061 7,832 2-9 10.950 21.317 181 2017 Total 1,334 ... 111,162 8,91.0.2 35,65 1,519 4,07,393 4,22,345 13,13,888 67,670 B. IBCL. FCHOOLS. GENERAL STATISTICS. 145 ... 148 182 31 FOR BOTS 6,739 5,924 938 15,999 14.079 2,141 17,396 6,121) 90+ 1,587 1,524 592 343 23,712 24,266 3,287 149 FOR GIRLS Middle Fernacnlar l'pper primary Lower Middle vernacular Upner primary ". Lower Total 1 40 1 42 148 11 .. 342 13,63+ 32,355 1-44 19, +30 3,259 1,169 36,407 ..MUNICIPAL SCHOOLS. . FOR BOYS 6 12 21 30 263 1 1,08 1.70 2,547 1,318 B,103 15 161 19 70 2.37 2,599 5.741 1,23 8,789 4,233 9,275 1,318 11,2 +0 6 2, 419 2,115 724 133 900 High English Middle vernacular l'pper primary Lower High Boglish. Middle vernacular | Upper primary Lower 1,659 100 $13 91 1,199 13,704 8,35% 16,177 4,100 19,888 312 797 1,710 SORTBYING BCHOOL 4,369 306 . 1 .... FOB GIRLS UU .... . 7 18 419 408 1,323 871) 1.47 29 916 640 B 288 8,39% 1,827 Total 14,945 279 21,5.31 2,197 33,036 6,247 63,254 ..... ..... .D.-KBAS YBHAL GRANT. Middle rernaoular FOB BOYS Cpper primary Lower Yiddle vernacular FOR GIRLS Upper primary Lower 117 1,456 5,077 672 2,5 47 5,805 133 1,818 2,831 149 1,708 111 149 710 4,6% 10,492 222 .. ...... ..... • . ... 9 403 .. 142 453 19 Total 276 6,782 9,320 $787 1,906 280 16,279 Fractions of a mipee to be omitted. * Only thote schools are to be shown ouder this heading which draw ao grant whatever from any other fund, Wbere the same school is in receipt of both municipal and khas mehal grante, it is to be returned under the head which gives it the larger in one.

·EDUCATION, SUBSIDIARY TABLE, IV. * Return of expenditure from the Primary Grant in the Lower Provinces of Bengal during the year 1884-85. (a).-STIPENDIARY SCHOOLS. RECEIVING STIPB YDS ONLY. RBCEIFING OTHER PATYRATS. CLABS OP SCHOOLS Number of schools. Number of pupils on 31st March. Amount paid in stipends. Number of schools. Number of pupils ou 31st March, Amornt paid in stiperids. Amount paid in rewards after examination to teachers Total payments to stipendiary schools Other payments to teachers. Total paid, Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Ro. Middle 1. 1,519 1,555 26 1,924 1,071 78 1,507 8,132 For boys Upper primary 31,213 43,757 1,075 41,110 49.180 4.734 6,883 69,797 1,03,654 Lower 11 1,15 48,568 3,296 99,900 87,096 27,651 7,354 1,22,041 Middle 1,70,669 60 ..... .... 60 For girls ... Upper primary 23 473 884 (Lower 307 5.523 8,5716 114 2,159 2,150 694 806 9,150 11,716 Total 2,693 81,084 1,02,390 4,511 1,44,123 1,89, +37 $9,533 14,615 1,87,585 2,89,976 ().-NON-STIPENDLARY SCHOOLS. SENDING PCPILS FOR EXAMIXATION. NOT BESDING PCI ILS POR EXAYINATIOX. CLA88 OF SCA OLS. Number of schools. Number of pupils on 31st Murch. Amoont paid in rewards after examination to teachers, Other payments to teachers. Total payments to non-stipendiary schools. Total paid. Number of pups on 31st March, Number of schools, Payments to teachers. Total paid. GENERAL STATISTICS. Rs, Rs. Rs. Be. Rs. . .. 13 525 Middle ... Cpper primary 394 120 515 213 61 For boys 62 . 327 11,745 &.166 1,797 9,963 48,364 46 46 (Lower 10,009 ... 45,823 SC0,369 9,39,269 66,431 2,95,749 5,665 35,299 7,788 7,786 3,03,35 . ... ..... III. Por girls D... Middle 1 ... Upper primary (Lower ... .. 87 22 9 31 .... $1 953 11.766 4,033 4,663 9,316 +27 6,573 5,634 5,534 Total 14,850 17,113 824, +42 2,5,503 03.070 3,13,573 6,100 87,719 13,427 13,427 3,29,000 Note.-." Prvate institutions of General Tuble III are not to be included in the above return. Fractions of a rupee to be neglected; the nearest rtifiee to be taken. ST MMARY OF PAYMENTS FROM THE PRIMARY GRANT. • DETAILS OF "OTHER PATTEXTS." Rs. ... ... 0 2.89.973 ... HE ... ... 3.29,00 To stipendiars sehools (2) ., non-stipendiary schools (1) indigenous (private) schools cost of prizes to pupils otber payments .. 1,378 $1,572 14,002 7,548 7,599 4,081 6.329 > Chief guras and inspeeting pandito Grants for houses and farniture Contributions to other than primary schools Contingencies and miscellaneous Scholarships Charges for conducting examination Registration of unarded pathsalas Rewards Reiduneration to examiners Suh-Inspectors' pay, &c. ... For attendance registers ... 45,603 10 ... 87,6-47 1,947 1.258 1,423 Total payments 7, 5.813 Total district primary allotinent 7,72,452 Total 87,657 Reg. No. 6221-500-17-10-85. AX

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·GENERAL DEPARTMENT EDUCATION. CALCUTTA, TIE 2311 DECEMBER 1885. RESOLUTION. READ The Roport on Publio Instruction in Bengal in 1884-85. The Report, which is full and instructive, is submitted by Mr. C. H. Tawney, who has officiated as Director of Public Instruction since the 8th March 1885, on which date Mr. A. W. Croft, C.I.E., took furlough to England for thirteen months. Owing to the postponement to April of the University examinations, it does not contain a complete account of the progress of educatiou in colleges and bigla schools. 2. The following table shows the advance made in schools of all kinds that submit returns to the Department:- 1899-84. 1884-85. CL488 OP INSTITUTIOS. A vernko number of pupils, 1981-85. Schools. l'upils. Schools. Pupilo. Public Inrtitutions Umversity 24 .. Sur ondary 2 Collagen likh Engl schools Middle Vernacular (Upper pruinny (Lower 605 1,108 2,170) 61,25,3 49 2,8205 B3, 1924 4,177 01,702 91,0-49 1,073,934 0,31% 34,877 25 210 70) 1,110) 2,722 82, 05:3 17 2,35+ 2.779 53,272 41),198 Hi,011 100),739 1,131,00 211 8) 17 37 178 79 > Primary Nincial Female 99 1,920 11,112 Total Public lastitutions 67,092 1,867,381 711,120) 1,442,441 10.1895 Prirate Inarilutions Advanced : touching Arabic or Persian 8nnskrit Elonculary: touching a vernacular only or mainly Other subicials not conforming to departmental standards 700 +11 818 112 7,018 7,69 9,392 1,126 040 1,038 97 112 .... 6.365 1,719 . Totul l'rivitu Institutions 25,92% 2,519 27,339 GRAND TOTAL 70,907 1,392,009 7:9,841 1,-170,780 .. ... This year there is a much greuter increase in schools than in 18-3-81, while the increase in pupils has slightly declined. The increase in schools is, however, little moro than one-fifth of that in 1883. The following table shows the comparativo increase during the last six years :- Schools, Pupile. In 1880, a gain of 6,098 91,323 1881 8,131 109,459 1882 10,572 178.156 1883 10,809 20-1,447 1884 1,369 81,517 1885 2,384 77,571 The apparent decrease in special institutions is duo principally to the rotransfer of 35 kyoungs to the head of unaided private institutions. The decrease under private institutions is probably to bo accounted for by the transfer of elementary schools to who departmental system. 3. The expendituro of the Department from public and private sources during the last two years is compared in the following table:-- ... ... > YEAR 1889-84, YEAR 1884-45. Government expenditure. (Net.) Total expenditure. Government expenditure. Net.) Total expenditure. Rs. Re. Rs. Ks. . ... ..... .. .. . ... ... ... . .. .. University Collegiate Hecordury instruction Primary Fernale puoial Scholnr-hips Buildings Furnituro and apparatus Minnellaneous Superintendence ... .. 81,000 6,21,000 23,62,000 25,81,000 4,11.(NO 8,49,000 1,87,000 8,71,000 16,000 77,1.00 4,03,000 2,88,000 8,72,000) 0,05,000 2,10,000 4,29,000 1,00.000 2,20.000 19,00 07.000 4,00,000 3,27,000 6,82,000 6.61,010 1,39, (MO 4,14,000 1,14,000 1.92,000 8,10 1.06,000 4,07.000 31,000 8,02,000 21,30,000) 27,18 000 4,77,000 6.60,000 1,80,000 2,20,000 9,000 1,00,000 6,00,000 ... ... ... ... .. ... ... ... ... .. I. .. II Total ... 74,83,000 80,80,000 78,13,000 ·( 2 ) Government expenditure has increased by Rs. 1,38,000, while the proportion of such expenditure to the total cost of cducation is the same as last year Under collegiate instruction there has been an increase of Rs. 39,000, and under sccondary instruction of Rs. 10,000. There is a large falling off in the fees of Arts Colleges, Government and aided, owing to so many of the students having completed the two years' study required for the F. A. and B. A. Examination on the 31st of December 1884. In high English schools maintained by Municipal Boards, and in all lower primary schools, the cost to Government has increased. In all other schools it has decreased. That the figures showing the percentage of attendance in schools are not very trustworthy in all cases, is shown by the fact that the percontage of attendance in lower primary schools maintained by Municipal Boards is represented to have fallen from 15 to 89.1. Dr. Martin, however, is of opinion that the percentage of 70.3 for aided lower primary schools in the Dacca Circle, which varios very little from that given last year, can be relied on. If this is the case, the result is very satisfactory. 4. The following table gives a classification of pupils during the two last years according to the stage of educational progress reached :- NUMDER OF PUPIL.8. STAQR. Incroage. Deorpsss. 1883-84. 1884-86. .... 399 . DB3 High Middle Upper primary Lowor able to read printed book, agt able to rond printed books 11.028 35,278) 70,3:29 041,418 602,197 .. ... 11.335 3:1,923 60,828 746,715 571,769 ..... 400 ... ... 0,452 Ditto ... . ... 23,188 Total .. .. 1,869,297 1,434,906 75,869 • Exclusive of 314 pupils whoso returns Lave not boon furnished. last year, The decrease in the number of high school pupils is attributed by the Officiating Director to the falling off of the two upper classes in the month of March, which is now, on account of the change of the date of the University examiuation, the period of minimum numerical strength in schools and colleges. It is satisfactory to observe that the percentage of students unablo to read printed books has decreased this year from 43.6 to 39.8. 5. There is very little variation this year in the proportion of students of different creeds and castes in public institutions. Tho figures show that, as in 78 per cent. of the pupils in Arts colleges bolong to the middle classes of society, with incomes varying from Rs. 200 to Rs. 5,000 a year. The proportion of pupils belonging to the richer classes of society in Arts colleges is 12 per cent., and in professional colleges 10 per cent. These figures are not likely to vary much from year to year. It is well known that the majority of youths seeking an education in our colleges belong to the professional classes. 6. There is a satisfactory improvement this yoar in the amount of work done by Deputy Inspectors. Only 11 Deputy Inspectors have fallen short of the amount of 150 duys prescribed for the tour of such officers. In some cases special reasons are assigned for shortcomings, but the Deputy Inspectors of Mymensingh and Julpigoreo fail to offer sufficient explanation for their negloct in this part of their duty, and they should be warned that a repetition of this year's inactivity will be severely dealt with. The average number of days spent on tour by Doputy Inspectors in all Bengal is 165 days against 156 in the proceding year. The number of schools visited has increased in every division except Orissa. There appears to be a tendency in some circles on the part of Deputy Inspectors to neglect the superintendence of primary schools. The steps taken by Dr. Martin and Mr. Pope to check this evil have the entire approbation of the iLieutenant-Governor, and should the abuse be found to exist in other circles, the Director should see that measures of a similar tendency are adopted to counteract it. In the activity of Sub- Inspectors there is a decided improvement on last year's figures. The average length of tour for the whole of Bengal is 215 days against 204 in the previous year. It must, howover, be remembered, and the Lieutenant-Governor is glad to observe that the Circle Inspectors seem to be aware of the fact, that the ·sees ( 8 ) mere prolonged absence from head-quarters of an inspecting officer is not, taken by itself, à satisfactory proof of efficiency in the discharge of his duties. The number of schools visited in situ is, perhaps, a better test; but there is reason to fear that, in spite of the remarks in last year's Resolution, much of the visiting has been of a perfunctory character. With regard to the comparative merits of chief gurus and inspecting pundits as a controlling agency, the Lieutenant-Governor no reason for reversing his judgment on the opinion of Mr. Croft, which was approved in last year's report. The present Officiating Director is right in supposing that, subject to prescribed rules, the appointment and superintendence of the subordinate inspecting officers will be under the Local Self-Government scheme in the hands of District Boards. The larger powers and consequent higher sense of responsibility of these bodies will, it is hoped, make impossible, in their case, the negligent attitude, with regard to educational progress, which the officers of the Department attribute to District Educational Committees. 7. University Education. The number of Government colleges is 13, and of aided colleges five, as in the preceding year. Another unaided college bas been added to the six existing in 1883-84, by the affiliation up to the F. A. standard of the Jaggannath College, Dacca. There is a decrease of 265 students in Government colleges and of 47 in Arts colleges generally. It is represented that this decreaso is to a great extent nominal, and may be explained by the fact that in many cases the names of those students who left their colleges at the end of December 1884, after completing their two years' course, were not retained on the books. There is an increase of 164 pupils in aided and of 54 in unaided colleges, which still continue to advance. The General Assembly's Institution is said to be regaining its old popularity. The average cost to Government of each student in Government colleges has risen from Rs. 234 to Rs. 269, the total average cost in 1884-85 being Rs. 366. This increase is due principally to higher rates of salary and to a falling off in the fees received in the last quarter of the year, In aided colleges the average cost to the State of each student has risen from Rs. 27 to Rs. 30, and the total average cost of each student was Rs. 290. It was a recommendation of the Education Commission that some of the Government collegos should, on convenient opportunities, be handed over to local bodies. Action on this recommendation has not yet been taken; but it is now time that the matter should be seriously considered with a view to somo appropriato practical action being taken. University Examinations.—The usual examinations were not held during the year with which the report deals. But in order to relieve unsuccessful students from the hardship of having to take up an entirely new course in the examination of 1885, the University held supplementary examinations in May 1884. The result increased very much tho percentage of passed candidates in the F. A. Examination of 1683 and the B. A. Examination of 1884. The percentage of passed candidates in the F. A. Examination was raised to 78 per cent. for Government, to 64 por cent. for aided, and to 63 per cent. for unaided colleges. The percentage for the B. A. Examination now stands at 76 per cent. for Government, 75 per cent. for aided, and 70 per cent, for unaided colleges, and the noticeable fact that the Government colleges were run close in this examination by the aided colleges is another argument, if any • wore wanted, in favour of the view that the Government of Bengal should begin to retire from the direction of higher education. The satisfactory substituto of successful private enterprise is evidently available to take the place of Government. Returning to the examinations, it is obvious that tho supplementary examinations must have been very lenient, or that the students must have been stimulated to greater exertions by the consciousness that, if they failed in them, it would be useless for them to attempt an entirely novel set of subjects. Possibly both causes may havo operated. It is worthy of note that while, in the F. A. Examination of 1883, the Free Church Normal School passed three out of four candidates, the fourth candidate appeared at the supplementary examination of May 1884 and passed.

·( 4 ) 8. Secondary Education. The following statement shows the number of high English schools for native boys, and of pupils attending them, during the last two years : 1883-84. 1884-86. Schools. Pupils. Schools. Pupils. ... . Ilor ENOLIAT SC'ITNOLE FOLK BOTH- Maintained by the Department ... Ditto Municipal Boards Ardal hy the Department or by Slunicipal Bonrub Unuidel 51 2 119 15,9ng 858 16,855 11,213 81 2 123 14,401 490 18,167 18,0430 ... 64 ... Total 985 B1,907 299 81,708 The number of Government schools is 51, as in the previous year, the Patna City School, which was hitherto treated as part of the Collegiato School, having been recognized as a separate institution, and the Bhootea Boarding School at Darjeeling having been transferred to the class of special schools. Two schools have been returned as maintained by Municipal Boards, namely those at Santipore and Burdwun, while the Feringhi Bazar School at Chittagong has been omitted on the ground that it receives a grant from Government. Aided schools lave advanced from 118 to 123, au unaided schools have declined from 64 to 63. There is thus a total gain of four schools. The loss of pupils is accounted for by the fact that, owing to the University and school examinations having been postponed to April, March is now the month of minimum numorical strength. The postponement of the Entrance Examination has rendered it impossible for the Officiating Director to submit the usual comparison of the merits of high schools; but there seems every reason to suppose that the usual rate of progress has been maintained in those institutions. The liberality of Baboo Raj Molun Roy Chowdury, in providing a new building for the Government High School at Taki has been already favourably noticed. The Beerbhoom school, which of late ycars has shown exceedingly good results at tho Entrance Examination, was in November 1884 visited by His Ilonor the Licutenant-Governor, who recorded a favourablc opinion on its working. Tho Uttarpara school appears to maintain its high character. The following table gives the comparative statistics of middle English schools for native boys for tho last two years- 9. 1883-H. 188185. Schools. Pupils. Schocls. Pupils. 02 Muu ILINI KO'RI TUR Buis Murntamed by the part 1120.914 Itto Nipol Boards Autat hy the 1)(arent or lwy Municipal Boards I Viticed .. 7 1 1 021 1,077 28,3 51,301 7,013 I. 37,215 155 .. I. Totul 633 +2,737 0:45 47,714 The lumbor of Government schools was seven, as in the previous year. These were tho Culinga Branch School for Malomeduns, attached to the Calcutta Madrassa, the Model School attached to the Calcutta Normal School, tho Rungamati and Bandarban Boarding Schools in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, the Darjeeling Zillah School, the Model School attached to the Patna Normal School, and the Cuttack Model School. The singlo municipal school is the Model School at Bogra. Aided schools have risen from 521 to 532, and their pupils from 34,364 to 37,215. The Presidency Division bas gained seven, Burdwan six, Rajshahiye one, and Davca five, while Patna has lost one, and Bhagulporc seven schools. Unaided schools show an advance from 124 to 155 schools, of which tho Presidency Division has gained nino, Burdwan twelve, Kajshahiye one, Dacca two), Chittagong two, Bhagulpore six, Orissa four, and the Town of Calcutta one, while l'atna hus lost five and Chota Nagpore one. Many of these schools have been started in the expectation of obtaining a Government grant-in-aid, and it is hoped that it may be possible to transfer sone of them to the aided list during the coming year. For the Middle English Scholarship Examination, the standard of which is that of the Middle Vernacular Examination, with English added as a language only, 417 schools ·( 5 ) sent up 1,291 candidatos, of whom 623 were successful. Adding to these 26 boys who passed the examination from vernacular schools, we have a total of 649 against 431 in the year before. The Presidency and Burdwan Divisions sent up 627, or 48 per cent of the whole number of candidates at this examination, and passed 58 per cent. of the whole number of successful candidates. The Bhagulpore and Patna Divisions together only contributed 20 successful candidates. 10. Tho comparative statistics of middle vernacular schools are given below: 1883-84. 1884-86, School . Pupils. Suhools. Pupilo.. 182 ... 180 10,47% MIMIK VERNACULAR SCHOOLS POL Boreainutatulied by the Department Ditt) Municipal Buarda Aideal lay the Depaitoient un by Domnicipal Bourds Unaided 10,313 787 43,481 4,901 816 70 840 lux 47.873 Total 1:108 01.702 1,140 80,011 The decrease of two in departinental schools is accounted for by the fact that two schools in the Burdwan Division, ono in Rajshahyo, and one in Bhagulpore have beon transferred to Municipal Boards, whilo two now schools have been returned from the Patna Division. Schools maintained by Municipal Boards have risen from five to nine, and there is an increase of four aided schools. While in the procoding year unaided schvols declined from 81 to 76, they rose in the year under review from 76 to 102. As in tho case of middlo English schools, a large proportion of them have been started in the hope of obtaining a Government grant. The financial pressuro has made it impossible to meet the wishes of their projectors during the present year. The Officiating Director observes that the grant-in-uid budyot may be relieved by ceasing to aid primary schools from it. This will set frco a sum which may be more legitimately employed in aiding sccondary schools. It is satisfactory to observo that the policy advocated by Mr. Croft, and accepted by Government, of planting Government vernacular schools in advanced rather than backward localities, is beginuing to bear fruit. Efforts are being made in many localities to add English classes to them, and it is expected that their position will be so much improved that they will soon recover their original chiaracter of model schools. Tho Middlo Vernacular Scholarship Examination was attended by 4,482 candidates from 998 schools. Of these, 2,379 successful, in addition to 736 candidates passing from middle English schools, or from the vernacular departments of high schools. The total number of successful candidates was 3,115 against 2,031 in the preceding year. The Dacca Division sent up and passed more caudidatos at this examination than any other division. 11. Primary Education. The following statement illustrates the progress of primary schools for native boys duriug the year under reviewwere 1883-81. 118. 83, Schools. Pupils. Schools. Pupila. Upper Primary Schools, Under Pnblic Management- Maintained by the Department Ditto Municipal Bourds 22 20 28 65! 780 773 201 Upper Private Management- Aided by the Department or by Municipal Boards Unaideu NR,887 2,38.3 2.613 70 61 96,303 2,158 0. ... Total 2,464 $W), 2010 2.720 101,715 ... 12 159 .UI Lorear Primary Schools, Under Public Management- Maintained by the Demartinent Vitto Municipal doaria... Under Privat Management- Altal hy the Departcent or by Municipal Boards Uinsided 297 81 20 .. ... 50,079 .: 1,019.n.5 14,531 OK.RRAS 1.947 1,012.235 78,47 Total 01,20% 1,072,804 02. AM 113,8') GRANT TOTAL 83,71 1,104,709 63,680 1,22.010 LO ·( 6 ) There is thus a total gain of 1,864 schools and 57,871 pupils against an increase of 1,165 schools and 69,798 pupils in the preceding year. Tho rate of progress, while vearly the same as that of 1883-84, differs altogether from from the rapid increase observable in preceding years. It was explained in last year's report that, in obedience to the Government Resolution on the Report for 1682-83, the search for indigenous schools beyond the range of effective supervision had been abandoned, and the efforts of departmental officers had been directed towards the consolidation and improvement of existing schools. The figures show that, while schools have increased by 2.9 per cont., their pupils have increased by 4:9 per cent. T'he obvious conclusion is that existing schools have been better attended. In the case of some districts the figures returned as representing the numbers of primary schools and pupils appear to be of doubtful value. Mention is made of “ Mention is made of “ bogus” and “ cphemeral” schools coming into existence at the time of reward examinations and then disappearing, and it is also stated that the same pupils have appeared at more than ono centre of examination. In the Chittagong Division especially it would scem that figures returned for former years are untrustworthy, but reports for some other districts also show that the tale of primary schools as returned by the Sub-Inspectors is regurded by the District Magistrates with suspicion. The total Government expenditure on aided primary schools for boys and girls was Rs. 7,25,430 ugainst Rs. 21,97,067 contributed from local sources, including municipal grants. The Lieutenant-Governor is pleased to observe that the past year's operations have added about 256 schools to the upper primary class, and quite accepts Mr. Croft's view that efforts should be made to increase the number of schools of this grade. The Officiating Director states that the question of substituting mensuration for the first book of Euclid formed tho subject of departmental discussion during the year, and gives it is his opinion that the two subjects should be taught together, on the ground that mensuration cannot be effectively taught without some knowledge of Geometry. This recommendation has the approval of tho Lieutenant- Governor, and steps should be taken to carry it into effect. The systems of examination of patshalas in situ for rewards, and of simultaneous examination of patshalas which have been introduced into some districts, appear to have been attended with good results. They should be extended where practicable. Tho system of payment of rewards to gurus by means of postal money orders has also proved satisfactory in those districts where it has been adopted. The Officiating Director gives it as his opinion that the commission charged by the Postal Department should not be deducted from the amount of reward carned by the gurus, but should be paid out of the district primary allotment. The question of the best method of paying rewards to teachers will be a matter for the District Boards appointed under the Local Self-Government Act to settle in consultation with the departmental authorities. Though approving generally of the system of payment by money orders, the Lieutenant-Governor does not think that it should be enforced at present in all districts. The proposal to discontinue aiding primary schools from the Grant-in-aid Fund is a good one, and should be gradually carried out. 12. Training Schools. -The number of these institutions is 16, as it was last year, the abolition of the abolition of the Chaibassa Training School having beon compensated by the establislument of the new training class at tho Suidabad Model School in Murshidabad. The Ghatsila training class is now represented by the laldipukur Training School. The Officiating Director calls attention to a defect in our training-school system, which has been observed by Mr. Metcalfe in Orissa, and also by educational officers in the Dacca Circle. It was brought provinently to the Licutenant-Governor's notice on his visit to the training school at Balasore. It is complained that the gurus trained in our normal schools, after completing their course, sever all connection with their patshalas, and seek some more attractive profession thun that of tenching. The surgestion of Dr. Martin that students of training schools should bind themselves by agreement to serve in the Department for three years after leaving the school, failing which they should refund to the Department all the money which they had received in the form of stipends while reading in the school, to which the Officiating Director gives approval, appeurs to havo been considered by the Educational authorities ·(7) of these Provinces some time ago, and finally abandoned as impracticable. The Lieutenant-Governor is decidedly of opinion that the present is not the occasion for reviving it. The whole subject of normal schools is now under the Lieutenant-Governor's consideration in connection with the recommendations of the Education Commission. Law Schools. The number of Governmert law schools has fallen from seven to six, owing to the abolition of the Presidency College classes. The total number of law students on the 31st of March has decreased from 664 to 649. But these figures are deceptive, as the average roll number has risen from 522 to 765. Medical Schools.--The number of students reading in medical schools has increased considerably, the number on the rolls of these institutions having been 804 on the 31st of March against 722 in the preceding year, and the monthly roll number 847 against 741. This increase is not restricted to the Culcutta Medical College, which is affiliated to the University. There is also an increase in the Government vernacular medical schools at Scaldah, Patna, Dacca, and Cuttack, A second homeopathic school has boon started at Dacca, Sixtoon candidates from the Calcutta Modical College passed the first M. B. and L. M. S. Examinations of the University of Calcutti, three candidates passed the second L. M. S. Examination, and eleven qualified for the degree of Bachelor of Medicine. Two native dhais and oight pupil-nurses passed in midwifery. Thirty-one students from the Dacca Medical School, 16 from the Temple Medical School, Bankipore, and 11 from tho Cuttack Medical School obtained their diplomas in the final examination. Engineering. The number of students in the Sechsporo College was 149 on the 31st Marchi 1855 against 166 in the previous year, 42 being in the Enginocring and 107 in the Apprentice Dopartment. Five students from the Engineering Department passed the first examination in Enginoering in August lust. Eight students passed the final examination of the Apprentice Department. One sub-overseer's and one oversoer's certificate were granted to students on leaving the Collego. The Superintendent of the Workshops remarks that a great many of the native students find manual labour distasteful, and endeavour to avoid it. With tho view of checking this tendency, he hus drawn up rules for annual examinations, which, it is hoped, will convert the idlers into earnest workers, or effectually dispose of them. Survey and Industrial Schools. There is an apparent decrease in the Dacca Survey School, which is attributod to the opening of the Session having been postponed to the month of Juuc. Great attention has been paid in the school to practical work. The numerical strength of the Patna Survoy School is the same as last year, while the number of students in the Cuttack Survey School has fallen from 66 to 55, owing, as is supposed by the head-mustor, to the difficulty of finding suitablo appointments for passed students. It is anticipated that the stoppage of railway operations will interfere, temporarilv at any rate, with the prospects of the students of these schools; but there does not seoni to be any reason to suppose that the course tuught in thein is not sufficiently practical. The Principal of the Patua Survey School would admit no students ignorant of English ; the Lieutenut-Governor does not think it desirable to introduce this restriction. The Officiating Director observes that the starting of the Mohisadul Industrial School, under tho auspices of tho zemindars of Mohisadal, is one of the most interesting and hopeful facts with regard to industrial education. The schools supported by the East ludian Railway Company continue to flourish, The subject of technical and industrial schools has come under reconsideration since the close of the year. School of Art.-This institution continues to maintain its high character. The number of students on its rolls has risen from 139 to 157. The Com . mittee of the Exhibition to be held in London next year have sought the assistance of the school for a colloction of work illustrating the various stuyos of instruction in the school, repoussé work, wond-carving, designs for Monghyr slate-works, and designs for pottery. It is expected that the school will acquit itself creditably in all the work it has undertaken. The Lieutenant-Governor has learnt with interest and satisfection that this school has produced spoci- ·( 8 ) mens of engraved and chased brass ware, copied from exhibits in the Calcutta International Exhibition and the Art Museum in Chowringhee. Such an industry was not before known in Bengal. 13. Female Education. The following table shows the advance that has been made in femalo education during the year :- 1883-84. 1886 83. ! Schools. Pupils. Schools. Pupils. . GIRLS' SCHOOLS. Maintained by the Irpartment Iitto Munsuru Bourite Aided by the liepriment or by Municiju Boards Vauded ... .. . . 2 4 1,703 708 200 108 29,717 2,013 4 2,108 185 180 160 37,002 2.780 ..) .de POO Total 1,785 32,167 2,300 40,787 Girls in boys' Achools 33,6 L1 35,749 .. ... .... GRAND TOTAL 1,786 65,818 2,309 70,546) It appears from this table that, taking into account the girls attending boys' schools, and excluding 776 little boys attending girls' schools, the total of girls under instruction has risen from 61,893 to 75,770. The number of girls' schools has risen from 1,785 to 2,309, and of their pupils from 32,167 to 40,797. The number of girls rcading in boys' schools has increased from 3:3,646 to 35,749. Tho total cost of the 2,039 schools was Rs. 2,68,07:, of which Government contributed Rs. 1,03,268; the expenditure from municipal funds was Rs. 0,504, from fees Rs. 20,785, and from all other sources, moinly subscriptions and donations, Rs. 1,37,515. The two Government schools for girls are the Bethune School in Calcutta and the Eden Female School at Dacca. The Bethune School had on its rolls 150 pupils, of whom six were in the College Department, against 117 in tho year before, of wliom five were in the College Department. The numerical strength of the Eden School at Ducca, which in the year 1883-84 fell from 191 to 157, has now fallen to 02. This decrease is ascribed to the levying of fees throughout tho school, and the reduction of expenditure upon gharry hire, owing to the falling off of the subscriptions from which it was paid. It is explained that tho fall in the average daily attendance is only from 69 to 52, and that, while the attendance was only 41 of the roll nuniber in 1883-84, in the year under report it was 84 per cent.; and it is surmised that the school will be a gainer by the loss of a number of girls whose attendance was so irregular as to make thon a source of injury to their follow-students. The most notable incident in connection with female education (uring the year was the donation of a lakh and a half of rupees by the Maharani Surnumayi of Cossimibazar for the foundation of a hostel for female medical students, the first stone of which was laid by the Countess of Dufferin in March last. Mrs. Wheeler, Inspoctress of Schools, reports an inprovement in the examination results of pupils reading in zonanas, and in schools for infants in Calcutta and its neighbourhood. Out of 3,703 pupils exanined by her standards, 080 passed, 1,335 were mere infants, and 1,687 were rejected. Tho pupils of the Church of Scotland Zenana Mission appear to havo been particularly successful at these examinations. Outside Calcutta, girls' schools are multiplying fast. The increase is shared by all the divisions except Chittagong. The decrease in the Chittagong Division is partly accounted for by the exclusion from tho returns of schools in which boys and girls learn the Koran together, an exclusion which appears to require explanation. Renark has been above made on the returns of primary education in the Chittagong Division. The falling off in the district of Tipperalı is attributed to the same cause that operated towards the reduction of primary schools for boys, viz. the exclusion of patshalas, uot six months in existence, from the central examination for rewards; and to the fuot that, whereas in previous years girls were examined in their own schools, they were required this year to attend the central examinations, and this parents did not generally permit. There is a considerable increase in the number of girls under instruction in Patna and Bhagulpore, Monghyr being far in advance of the other districts in the latter division, ·' (9) The advance in the Chota Nagpore Division is shared by all the districts, but is most marked in Singbhoom. This is due to the independent character of the Kol women, and also to the great influence which Major Garbett, the Deputy Commissioner, has with the people of the district, and to the warm interest that he takes in education. It is important to recognise that much has been done for female education by local associations, among which the Uttarpara Hitakari Sabha and the Backergunge Hitaishini Sabha deserve special mention. The former society has recently revised its standards so as to bring them into conformity with those of the department. 14. European and Eurasian Education. The following table gives the number of Government aided and unaided schools, and the number of scholars in them, on the 31st of March last :- Number of wchools on the 818t March Yumbor of Acholart in thens on the 8181 March CLA88. 1881 1886 1881. 1888 ... 07 Government Aided Uuridad 1 38 15 49 19 . 3 8,069 1,484 08 Total 09 6,056 The Government expenditure has increased under overy, head. The expenditure on building grants is at presont abnormally high, but when the buildings now in course of erection aro completed, it is anticipated that it will not be necessary to mako largo grants under this hoad for some time to come. The year under report completes the period of two years during which the Code was declared to be on probation. A report on the whole period of probation was submitted by Mr. Nash in March last, and formed a subject of discussion at the Conference of Inspectors held at Nynee Tal in April and May. The Conference submitted their report on the 11th of May, and the Code was finally sanctioned by tho Government of India on the oth of Juno 1885. The scale of grants adopted in the Code, as finally approved by Government, is lower both for attendance and instruction than the scale originally proposed, Calculated by the old scale, the total earnings of all the schools on the elementary subjects alone has increased from Rs. 23,920 to Rs. 20,139;. tho averago amount of grant for elementary subjects earned by each scholar who was eligible for instruction grants, has risen from Rs. 10.4-8 to Rs. 11-1-0; and the average amount earned by each scholar on the schedules from Rs 7-14-7 to Rs. 8.6.3. On tho whole, it appears that the result of tho introduction of the Code system has been a general improvement in the efficiency of European schools, The Lieutenant-Governor is specially gratified to observe that the scholarship examinations have had an admirablo effect upon European education, and that tho popularity of the examinations does pot depend upon the pecuniary reward offered by Government, as is evidenced by tho fact that both in 1883 and 1884 there bave been more candidatos for certificates than for scholarships. These encouraging results aro in a great measure due to the zeal and efficiency of Mr. Nash, to whom the thanks of Government. have already been given for his services in conneotion with European education. 15. Mahomedan Education. The following statement gives the dumber and percentage of Mahomodans in different classes of Educational institutions :- Total number of pupils Number of Mabomedade. Poroentage of Mabomodos . Public Institutions Arts colleges High English schools ... Middle ditto Middle vernacular sohools Upper primary do. Lower do. do. Professional colleges .... Technical schools Normal do. Madrassas 2,779 54 011 51,459 66,988 •109,759 1,163,002 930 1,340 1,185 120 3,096 6,223 8,893 17,577 369,613 35 189 71 1,886 4.6 9.4 12 09 13-2 16.01 32:05 3.7 141 6•0 1000 • 1,388 Total 1,442,841 409,212 28.3 ·( 10 ).. Total pomber of pupils. Number of Mahoneduns. Porcentage Mahomiedms. Private Institutions Advanoed Elementary 20,326 7,013 9,259 2,207 45.5 32.7 ... Total 27,339 ... 11,558 42.2. GRAND TOTAL 1,470,180 420,768 28.6 . The advance made last year in Mahome dan education appears to have been sustained. The number of Mahoniedans in schools and colleges of all kinds has risen from 392,003 to 420,768 Tho percentage is nearly the same as last year. The total number of Mahomedans in Arts Colleges hus fallen from 13.2 to 129, but the percentage remains the same. There is a slight falling off in high English schools and in middle English schools as regards percentage, though the total number of pupils has slightly increased. Middle vernacular schools slow a large number of Mahomedan pupils, though the percentage remains the sanje. There is a satisfactory increase in upper and lower primary schools. The only division in which the number of Mahomedan pupils has fallen off is Chittagong: The Officiating Director ostimates the surplus of the Mohsin Fund upon figuros furnished by the Accountant-General at less than Rs. 4,000. He suggests that the surplus should now be spent in the way proposed by Mr. Croft, viz. in extending the Mohsin contributions for two-thirds fees to approved schools under privato management. This recommendation will be separately dealt with Tho madrassas maintained from the Mohsin endowment are the Hooghly, Dacca, and Chittagong Madrassus, and the Oriental Department of the Rajshahye College. The Calcutta Madrassa and the Moorshedabad Nawab's Madrassa. are maintained from Provincial revenues. In, all the madrassas under Government management, the number of pupils has fallen from 1,191 to 1,057. The decrease is supposed to be only apparont, bcing due to the change in the date of the Univorsity examinations. The number on the rolls of the Calcutta Madrassa and its branch school on the 31st March 1885 was 1,100 as against 1,253 on the same dato in 1884. In the Anglo-Persian Department the numbers have fallen from 493 to 406, but the average roll number was 425 against 413 in the preceding gear. The Colinga Branch School had 406 students on its rolls on the 31st March 1885, against 485 on the same date in the preceding year. In the Arabic Departmont, which is not affected by the proceedings of tho University, there is an increase from 255 to 336. The total expenditure of the Calcutta Madrassa and the Colinga Branch School has risen from Rs. 39,514 to Rs 49,540. The expenditure on the Collego Department was Rs.17,152. At Chittagong a branch madrassa, called tho Mir Ahya Madrassa, was established in August 1834. Some of the students in the elementary classes of the Chittagong Madrassa have left to join the new institution. It is belioved that the Chittagong Madrassa will gain by being relieved of this eloinentary, work. The central examination of the Mudrassus not having been held this year, no account has been given of it in the report under review. The subject of providing special facilities for the edacation of Mahomedans has occupied the Lieutenant-Governor's attention in connection with the recominendations of the. Education Commission and in connection with the Memorial addressed to the Government of India by, the National Mahome. dan Association; and under Orders.contained in a recent Resolution, a Committee has been appointed to enquire into and report on the present manageof Mahomedan educational endowments.: With a decrease of the financial pressure, it is hoped that funds may be mado available for the special encouragement of Mahomedan education. 16. Aboriginal and backward races. --The total number of aboriginal pupils under instruction has risen from 29,259 to 33,151. Of these, 13,599 are ·are ( 11 ) found in the Chota Nagpore and 9,533 in the Bhagulpore Division. The educational work in the Chota Nagpore Division is priacipally in the hands of missionaries. There no separate schools for aborigines, to the exclusion of Hindus and Mahomedans; but in the interior of the districts of Singbhoom and Lohardugga, the schools are attonded solely by children belonging to aboriginal tribes. It appears that the lower we descend in the grade of schools, the more numerous are children of this clase. The aborigines of the Bhagulpore Division are oply 7-8 per cent. of the population, but aboriginal pupils are 9.6 per cent. of the total number. This is ascribed to the fact that the aborigines have no prejudice against fomale education. A scheme of education for the Sonthals has been introduced into the Damin-i-Koh, and special rųles have been laid down to provent any collision with the missionary schools. Under this schome 82 new schools with 1,931 Southal pupils havo been established. 19. Indigenous Education. Under this head are included tols in which *Sanskrit is taught, maktabs in which. Arabic and Persian are taught, and pathsalas and other schools that do not conform to the dopartmental standard. The tols havo lately bcon much encouraged by the institution of the Sanskrit Titles Examination, and great efforts are being mado in the same direction by the Sarasvat Samaj of Dacca. This is an independent association for improving the study of Sanskrit by holding examinations and conferring titles. It is satisfactory to observe that its finances are declared to be in a flourishing condition. In the Rajshahye Division some of the maktabs appear to merit the title of advanced institutions. In Chota Nagporo institutions of this kind appear to be supported by rich patrons. It is cloar that throughout Bengal these schools have still considerablo hold on the Mahomodan population. Iě is much to be rogretted that tho information furnished with regard to tols and maktabs generally by tho Education Department is so very meagro. This is no doubt due in somno cases to the unwillingness of the teachers to furnish roturns; but it is to be feared that the absence of information with regard to those institutions is mainly to be ascribed to the fact that they are looked uponi with disfavour by the subordinate officers of the department. 18. School-books.—The Central Text-Book Committee has been enlarged during the year under review, so that it now consists of 15 gentlemen, of whom six are members of the Bengal Educational Servico, two belong to other brauchos of the public service, four are Government pensioners, and three are professional gentlemen unconnected with Government. Down to the 15th September 1885, 653 works were received in the Committoo's office from authors and publishers, of which 608 have been already more or less fully reported on. The Lioutenant-Governor has much pleasure in acknowlodging the services rendered to educational literature by the President of the Committeo, Dr. Rajendra Lala Mittra, C.I.E, Rai Babadoor, and his colleagues. The Behur Toxt-Book Committee reports the publication during the year of 44 works, of which 19 weru reprints and 25 first publications. Some are printed in the new Kaithi type, but the great majority are in the Devanagri character. The Orissa Text-Book Committee has been roorganized on a widor basis, the number of its members having been increased from three to eight. It now contains three non-official gentlemen. Six Uriya text-books havo been published during the year, of which five have been included in tho approved list. 19. The Lieutenant-Governor desires to thank the Officiating Diroctor, Mr. Tawney, for a full and instructive report, and for tho energy and ability which have marked his management of this most important department of the public service. The thanks of Government are also due to the Inspectors and to the Professors of Colleges, whoso zealous dischargo of their onerous duties has so much contributed to the good results of the year. By order of the Lieutenant-Guvernor of Bengal, A. P. MACDONNELL, Secretary to the Govt. of Bengal.

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No. 454.
Copy forwarded to the Director of Public Instruction for information and
guidance, with special reference to paragraphs 6, 7, 11, 12, and 15.-
Circular No. 34.
Cory forwarded to all Commissioners of Divisions for information, and for
cominunication to Magistrates of districts and District Committees.
By order of the Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal,
W. C. MACPHERSON,
Offg. Under-Secretary to the Govt. of Bengal.
CALCUTTA,
The 23rd December 1885.
O.K.G.Beg. No. 117990. 919mm 28-12-85.

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