Challenge In Eastern Europe

No text on this page.

NEW SOVIET
SEVEN-YEAR
PLAN
(Theses of N. S. Khrushchov's
Report to 21st CPSU Congress)

No text on this page.

NEW SOVIET
SEVEN-YEAR PLAN
(Theses of N. S. Khrushchov's
Report to 21st CPSU Congress)
THE INFORMATION DEPARTMENT OF THE
USSR EMBASSY IN INDIA
NEW DELHI

No text on this page.

TARGET FIGURES FOR THE ECOXONIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE USSR OVER 1959-1965 Theses of NS Khrushchov's Report 10 21st CPSU Congress) sull mots realking the historic decisions of the 20th Congress of the Communat Pariv of the Soviet Union, the peoples of our couniry have won new mustonc victories. The Soviet Union is coming towards the 21 Parts Congress with outstanding achievements in industry and farming in scientific and cultural development and in the advancement of the working people's material standards and wellbeing the role and prestige of the Soviet State in international affairs and in the fight for peace and secunty of the peoples have grown Our great Motherland is in the full bloom of his creative energies and confidentis advancing towards communism with firti lep Rallis around their communist Party, the Soviet people have reached nummus that are so high, and have accomplished transformations that are so stupendous, that our country is now able to enter a nes cardinal period of development, the period of the comprehensive building of communist society The key tasks of this period * all be the all-ruund establishment of the material and technical basis for communum the further consolidation of our country's economic and defensive might and simultaneously, the ever faller satisfaction of the mounting material and spiritual requirements of the Soviet people. This will be the decistic phase of the corepetition with ihe capitalist world when the handclash of overtaking and outstripping the most bolts descluded wipitalist countries in per capita output must bx Lampada in practive The Communist Party, all the Soviet people are fulls cursunced that this goal will be successfully achieved, to use lo fuller adiantage all the resources and opportunities tre command and to accomplish in the shortest space of time the

No text on this page.

1.34s of social development, drass support from the creative activity And initiative of the broad masses of the working people, and correctly detctmines in state economic plans the principal questions of socialist and communist construction and the ways and means of solving them. The historical experience of socialist construction in the USSR has conclusively demonsirated the necessity of single, uniform state! plans of a long-term order for the successful transformation of economy to socialist lines VI. Lenin, whose genius originated the ideas of the planning of socialist economy, and who worked out the basic principles of socialist planning, inspired and organised the first long-range plan of economic development, a deeply, scientifically substantiated plan for Russia's electrification, the famous GOELRO pian. The tasks of the socialist transformation of agriculture were worked out by Lenin in the renowned co-operative plan The Communist Party inade Lenin's ideas of conomic planning the foundation for the Five-Year Plans. Their successful realisation ensured a high pace of economic advance and our country's rapid conversion into a mighty socialist industrial and collective-farm power This great wealth of experience of rapid economic development in the USSR based on state plans, has earned international recognition In the present conditions, when the Soviet Union's economy teached a new stage of development, the Communist Party put Corward at its 2014 Congress the task of elaborating a long-range pian for a lengthuer period The main trend and aims of this plan were set out at the Session of the USSR Supreme Soviet dedicated to the 40th anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution nu is envisaged in the USSR's economic development over the next 15 years that the country's decisive industries will more than double and treble output in this period. Furthermore, in comparison with 1957, output will increase roughly 3.5 times as regards iron ore, 4 times as regards 01, 13 to 15 times as regards gas, 2.3 times as tegards ris ad and steel, 43 times as regards electricity, 4 times as regards cement, etc in agriculture a further sharp rise of all its branches is slaicu, to guarantee an abundance ce products and the futi satisfaction of the sital needs of the Soviet people. The long-range plan of economic development over the next 15 years is the economic protime of communist construction in the USSR.

historic tasks confronting our country, the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR have instructed the State Planning Committee of the USSR to work out, on the basis of the decisions of the 20th Party Congress and subsequent decisions of the Party and Government, a draft of the target figures for the country's economic development over 1959-65 in line with the programme for the development of the Soviet Union's productive forces that the Communist Party has mapped out for the next 15 years and which was set out at the Jubilee Session of the USSR Supreme Soviet on November 6, 1957. The September Plenary Meeting of the CC CPSU found it necessary to call the extraordinary 21st Congress of the Party in order to examine the target figures for the USSR's economic development over 1959-65. The Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Minisfers of the USSR are placing before the Congress for consideration the draft of the target figures for the USSR's economic development over 1959-65, which has been drawn up by the State Planning Com. mittee of the USSR with the direct participation of the Councils of Ministers of the Union Republics, the ministrics and departments, the Academy of Sciences and other scientific cstablishments. In their turn, the proposals drawn up in the Union republics were based on the projects of the economic councils which liad generalised the materials presented by the enterprises and the construction sites, whicre these materials had been worked out with the active participation of Party, trade union, and YCL organisations, and liad incorporated the numcrous suggestions of factory workers, collective farmers, and cngineers and technicians Hence, the draft of the target figures that is being put before thic Congress, is the fruit of a great and many-sided stint of our Party, government, planning and cconomic bodies, the fruit of the aromend! ous creative endcavour of the broad masses of the working people. This measures up to the sum and substance of socialise planning, which is a cardinai principle of the management of socialist economy and is the vital concern of all the people. The impressive tasks of the development and consolidation of the Soviet state and its economy have always been successfully sols. ed at every phase of socialist construction, because the Communist Party proceeds from the basic tenets of Marxism-Leninism as to the lines of industry and agriculture. Thanks to the rapid desclopment of the productive forces in the 7-year period, the task will te solied of considerably promoting the living standards of the people and of creating in the country the requi-ites for that abundance of material boons necessary for ensuring the full wellbeing and free olla sound development of all the members of society," V.1. Lenin, W'oris, Vol 6, p.37). In the next 15 years the USSR will rise to first place in the world not only in the over-all volume of production but also in per carita output, and communism's material and technical batis will have been established in our country This at the same time will sigrily a great victory for the Soviet Union in peaceful economic competition with the most highly developed capitalist countries. In setting new imposing tasks in the building of communise society, our Party, at the Soviet people are buttressed by the archmaking gams, achieved as the result of the realisation of Manist. Leninistrheory, of the fundamental principles of scientific communikyr. 1. Some Results of Economic and Cultural Desclopment in USSR 1. Guided by the Leninist plan for the building of socialism in our country and by VI Lenin's teaching as to the outstripping desc. lopment of the heavy industry, as the basis for the country's cconomic advance, and turning to good use the advantages of the socialist system of economy, the Soviet people, under the Communist Party's leadership, have won great victories in economic and cultural desc lopment and in the promotion of the people's selfare. As the outcome of the country's industrialuation, the collectivisation of agriculture, the liquidation of the exploiting classes, and the cultural revolution, socialysm has triumphed in the Soviet Union and the gradual transition to Communism is being successfully effected, The world's first sccialist state was built in exceptionally grim conditions International imperialism tried more than once, by force of arms, to the art the building of socialism in the USSR. Or the 41 years of Soviet government, the Soviet people have been able to devote only slightly more than talk to peaceful pursuits, because some 20 years were lost dvc 10 ars and subsequent periods of the tehabilitation of a ravaged economy. The great vitality of the Soviet The target figures for economic development over 1959.65 that are being put before the 21st CPSU Congress are an integral clement of this long-range plan. A goodly part of the programme envisaged to cover a 15-year period, will be carried out in 1959 through 1965. The pivotal problem in the coming 7-year period is that of accelerating economic advance towards communism, of gaining the utmost of timc in the peaceful cconomic competition between som cialism and capitalism Superiority in the pace of development has always been and! remains the decisive advantage of the socialist system of economy. When, after regaining the 1913 level of industrial production, we embarked upon the fundamental reconstruction of economy and began to carry through the First Five-Year Plan, the Soviet Union was from 50 to 100 years behind the most highly developed capitalist countries. Within the space of 10 to 12 years, our country, overcoming a century-long lag, Icaped from backwardness to progress and became a mighty socialist power capable of defending its great gains and its freedom and independence. Despite the fremendous damage done to the USSR's economy during the second world war, in about two and half years after the end of the Patriotic War, the Soviet Union was back again at the pre-wat- 1940-level of industrial production, and exceeded it more than 4 times over in the next 10 years In the coming 7 years, the USSR's economy, and above all its backbone, the heavy industry, will continue, as lutherto, to advance at a pace mani-fold that of the economic development of the capital ist countries, including the United States of America. Our task is 10 make a new leap forward to a still higher level of socialist economy in quality, along the road of its advance to communism, and to subssantially increase the Soviet Union's economic potential for the purpose It is to the accomplishof further promoting the people's welfare ment of this grand historic goal that the assignments of the 7-year plan being put up before the extraordinary 21st CPSU Congress, are subordinated, The 7-ycar plan is based on deep-going changes in qualny in all branches of progressing economy. This will guarantee not only a higher pace of economic advance but also a greater increase, in comparison with the most highly deve loped capitalist countries, in the actual volume of output in hey 4 liges of industry and agriculturs. Thanks to the rapid desciormens of the productive forces in the 7.jear period, the task will de solveu of considerably promoting the living standards of the people and of creating in the country the requisites for that abundance of material boons necessary “. ...for ensuring the full wellbeing and free olla round development of all the merribers of socitly.* 6.3. Lenin, Works, Vol. 6, p 37). In the next 15 years the USSR will rise to first place in the world not only in the over-all volume of production but also in ser capita sulput, and communiem's material and technical basis will have been established in our country This at the same time will signify a great victory for the Soviet Union in peseful cconomic competition with the most highly descloped capitalist countries. In setting new imposing tasks in the building of communisa society, our Party, all the Sorret people are buttressed hy the erec): making giins, achiesed as the result of the realisation of Martisie Leninist theory, of the fundamental principles of scientific communisr. V 1. Some Results of Economic and Cultural Development in USSR. 1, Guided by the Lesunist plan for the building of socialism in our country and by V.1 Lenin's reaching as to the outstripping development of the heavy industry, as the basis for the country's cconomic advance, and turning to good use the advantages of the socialist systems of economy, the Soviet people, under the Communist Party's leadership, bile non great victories in economic and cultural desc lopment and in the promotion of the people's *4e3fase. As che ouscome of the country's industrialisation, the collecttvisation of agriculture, the liquidation of the exploiting classes, and the cultural revolution, socialism has triumphed in the Soviet Union and the gradual transition to Communism is being successfully clected, The world's first socialist stale «as bujlt in exceptionally grim conditions International imperialism tried more than once, by force of arms, to thwart the building of socialism in the USSR. Orike 41 years of Soviet government, the Soviet people have been able 10 devole only slightly more than half to peaceful pursuits, because some 20 years were loss due to wars and subsequent periods of the rehabilitation of a ravaged economy The geat vitality of the Soviet order was graphically manifested in the fact that the Soviet pcopic built up a powerful and prospering socialist economy, surmounting all the difficulties and obstacles in their way. The Sorict Union now commands a powerful all-round develop cd industry, transport and highly mechanised socialist agriculture The country's public wealth and national income are increasing from year to year Since the inception of Soviet power, the nationa? inco mc, the growth of which expresses the general advance of economy and of the people's living standard, has increased 15-fold in terms of per capita. The material and cultural standards of the working people of town and country are steadily rising. The central result, the outcome of the Sovict people's heroic struggle and labour, is that they have built up a new society, 2 society of socialism, and its corresponding new political order, the Soviet socialist statc. With the establishment and development of socialist society and the Soviet state order, there luave arisen now, hitherto unknown, laws of social development and new standards of relationships between human beings Whereas the fundamental aim of modern capitalism, the chief stimulus and spring of its development, is that of extracting the utmost of profit by ruthlessly exploiting the working people, the result of which is the carichment of a tiny part of society and the ruin and pauperisation of the bulk of the population, the supreme goal of socialism, its mighty motive force, is, on the other hand, the steady satisfaction of the mounting requirements of all of society and the growth of the material well-being of the working people, on the basis of the continual development and perfection of industrial and agricultural production, to which end all the achievements of foremost science and technology are taken advantage of Socialist society has no room for the contradictions between the social character of production and the private mode of appropriation, that is characteristic of capitalism It has no place for such things as business competition, anarchy of production, unemployment and economic crises. In the socialist society other economic laws have come into being and operate. They are portionate development of national economy, the uninterrupted and rapid growth of production, knowing of nu slumps or crises makes it possible to plan economy, to determine the trend of in Jese. lopment, the continual increase of production volumes and the ration the balanced and pro- This 6 al distribution of productive forces, and to conduct wide-scale speciale isation and co-operation along socialist lines, Socialism has engendered not only sew economic tans but also new social relationships. Instead of the exploitation of man by man. characteristic of bourgeois society, there have prisen, under socialistu, on the basis of socialist public oh nershin, mutual assistarte und co-operation in common labour of equal and fres members of society, who are deeply interested in economic and cultural development and who realise that this n holly depends on the results of their latour, There have come to take the place of business competition, private enterprise and the brutal exploitation of man by man, new genuinely kumane relationships among the people of socialist society. These are relations of comradely competition and co-operation, support for each other in labour, Stations giving full play to the creato ive initiative, activity and the talents and abilities of the broad misses of the people. In the conditions of socialityn, of the Sovict state order, there have appeared and developed new social relationships, characteristic of genuine democratism. The inviolable alliance of the working class and peassatry, that bedrock foundation of the Soviet slalc, has become still former, and the fraternal friendship of the free and independent peoples of the Soviet Union has grow stronger. The multi-national Soviet state, that voluntary 235xiation of nations, is increasingly gaining in strength with every passing 1027, The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, uniting equal nations and nationalities, guarantees the all-round and steady economic and cultu. ral development of all the Sońct Republics, All these new laws and characteristic fcatures of new social telacionships have now received side ficid for play not only in our country, wuch was first to build socialism, but also in each socialist country, throughout the catire world system of socialism, which with every day is gaining in vitality, and is demonstrating its peat advantages over capitalism. 2 in the years of Soviet power, the working people of the USSR have made good Russia's csatury-long lag in industry and have built up a mighty industry ensuring the Soviet state's economic and political independence. Today, la industrial Oulpus, iht USSR is first in Europe and second to the world. The following figures characterse the huge scales of industrial 7 production our country has achieved. In 1958 we shall melt about 55 million tons of steel and extract 113 million tons of oil. This means that today more steel and more oil is produced in a month than for the whole of 1913. The electri. city output in 1958 will reach 233,000 million kwh Today we gederate every three days as much electricity as tsarist Russia did in the space of a year. Old Russia had actually no chemical industry, but today the USSR is second in the world for the volume of chemical production The successes gained in the advancement of the engineering industry, the mainstay of the industrial desclopment and technical progress of economy, are particularly great We have created anet farge-scale industries producing many types of machinery and equip ment. Thus, whereas in 1913 the country produced turbines aggregaling a total capacity of 6,000 kw, in 1958 the total capacity was some 7 million kw. in 1913 the country produced only 1,500 nietal-cutting machine-tools, but in 1958 it turned out more than 138,000 Currently the industry of the USSR produces every year 220.000 tractors, more than 10.000 excavators, and more than half a million motor cars. The whole of tlic USSR's heavy industry is developing at an accelerated pace: in 1958 production of the means of production will be more than quintuple that of 1940. The high pace of development in the heavy industry and the growth of agricultural production have laid a firm foundation for advancing all the branches of the light and food industries. In 1958 consumer production will be nearly 14 times more than in 1933. This includes a more than 45-fold increase in articles intended for cultural and household purposes. Even though some branches of the light and food industries were thrown many years back in production levels during the Great Patriotic War, currently 27 times more consumer commodities are made than 1n 1940 Socialist industry has won great successes because its develop mert is based on the latest scientific and technical aclvevements, on the increasing creative initiative and selfless endeavour of the factory workers, scientists, engineers and technicians In the period after the 2018 CPSU Congress alone, there have been evolved and put into pro duction more than 4,500 most important mes types of machines, mechanisms and apparatuses, or far more than were created throughout the whole of the Fifth Five-Year Plan, and also more than 800 new 8 types of instruments. A cardinal factor, speeding up economic development, as the reorganisation of the management of industry and construction. The short space of time the Economic Councils kane been working has revealed the tremendous adiantages of the new form of industrial administration. The pace of the growth of industrial output has increased, internal production reserses are being used to far bener advantage, the working class and the engineering and technical person. del are showing more initiatile and activity, and the socialist emulation movement for the fulfilment of state plans has gained still wider momeptum. The increase in industrial output in the first star of the work of the Economic Councits---from July 1957 through June 1958 is 17,000 million roubles more than the increase in output for the previous 12 months. The technical and economic indices of enterprise functioning have improved appreciably. In 1957 and in the first six months of 1958, targets for the increase of labour preluctivity and lower cost prices of industrial output were topru The local aboven plan economy derived through the reduction of the cost prices in this penod amounted to about 10.000 million roubles, As the outcome of the reorganisation of the management of industry and coastruction, direction of production las been elevated to a new and higher level, and broad possibilitics have opened up for the further development of specialsation and co-operation, both within the economic arcas and Republics and throughout all of conomy 3. The Party's consistent implementation of Lenin's co-opera. five plan ensured the victory of socialister in the countrysile. Millions of peasant households are now united into big socialist agricultural establishments, the collective farms, which now number more than 70,000. Alongside with the collectie farms, there are 6.000 bit, state-owned agriculturat establishments, the state farms On the basis of the socialist reconstruction of agriculture and us equipment with modern machinery, the volume of agricultural productson bas considerably increased and the labour productivity of the collective and state farmers has risen. Though the proportion of the population occupied in agriculture is now almost down to half of what it was before the Revolution, the commodity and gross out. put of agriculture has increased stuccal times over. Great successes have been achieved in the further strengthening production our country has achieved. In 1958 we shall melt about 55 million tons of steel and extract 113 million tons of oil, This means that today more steel and more oil is produced in a month than for the whole of 1913. The electricity output in 1938 will teach 233,000 million kwh. Today we generate every three days as much electricity as tsarist Russia did in the space of a year. Old Russia had actually no chemical industry, but today the USSR is second in the world for the volume of chemical production. The successes gained in the advancement of the engineeribg industry, the mainstay of the industrial development and technical progress of economy, are particularly great. We have created anet large-scale industries producing many types of machinery and equip. ment. Thus, whereas in 1913 the country produced turbines aggregating a total capacity of 6,000 kw, in 1958 the total capacity was some 7 million kw. In 1913 the country produced only 1,500 metal-cutting machine-tools, but in 1958 it turned out more than 138,000 Currently the industry of the USSR produces every year 220,000 tractors, more than 10,000 excavators, and more than half a million motor cars. The whole of the USSR's heavy industry is developing at an accelerated pace: in 1958 production of the means of production will be more than quintuple that of 1940. The higit pace of development in the heavy industry and the growth of agricultural production have laid a firm foundation for advancing all the branches of the light and food industries. In 1958 consumer production will be nearly 14 times more than in 1913. This includes a more than 45-fold increase in articles intended for cultural and houschold purposes Even though some branches of the light and food industries were thrown many years back in production levels during the Great Patriotic War, currently 27 times more consumer commodities are made than in 1940 Socialist industry has won great successes because its development is based on the latest scientific and technical acluevements, on the increasing creative initiative and selfless endeavour of the factory workers, scientists, engineers and technicians In the period after the 20th CPSU Congress alone, there have been evolved and put into production more than 4,500 most important new types of machines, mechanisms and apparatuses, or far more than were created throughout the whole of the Fifth Five-Year Plan, and also more than 800 new 15 HP) 370,000 grain harvester combines, 570,000 forries and much Other machinery The socialist reconstruction of agriculture has radically changed the working conditions of the 4033nts. Today the labour of the agricultural workers is becoming more and more a variant of industrial labour. Many skilled organisers and specialists Bork at the colles tive and state farms. Agriculture currently employs some 500.000 specialists with a higher or secondary specialised education, The collective farms have become big, sconomically sturdy cta. blishments By Sanuary 1, 1958, their indis isible funds had reached 102,000 million roubles against the sum of 70.000 milion soubles in 1993. For producto delivered and sold to the state and the co-opers. tives, the collectie farms and their members received 65.000 million Toubies more of cash in 1957 than in 1952. This has all made it possi. ble to considerably increase payment in cash and kind to the collecta ive farmers for work-day units carried and to thereby raise the standards at their material welfare In recent years the state farms have gained in strength and number in five years their crop are increased from 15 million to 52 million hectares, Cardinal measures in the development of socialist agriculture were the reorganisation of the MITS, the changing of the practical production and technical catering to the collective farms, and the introduction of a new system of procurements and new procurement prices for agricultural products. The measures taken by the Party and the Government to drenge then and develop the collective and state farms create at the condi. tions for stil more successfully advancing socialist agricultural produs tion, for considerably stepping up the output of land and animal farming and for lowering its production cost, 4 Noteworthy successes have been achieved in the development of railway, ses and river, and motor and air transport. In 1958 the freight turnover of all types of transport was more than thrice that of 1940, Transport is being technically reconditioned on a wide scale. Electric and deisel traction, as being tremendously superior to steam traction and decisne for bandung an increasing volume of transportation, is being successfully introduced. Transportation by sea and river and by motor has substantialiy increased. Air transport, both saside the country and on interbalyonal lines, has greatly developed.

+ of the collective farm system and in the development of agricultural production since the CC CPSU's Plenary Meetingi n September, 1953. A signal economic task of reclaiming 36 million hectares of virgit and tong-fallow land was solved in a short space of time. There were thereby created a big brcad-basket in the East and the conditions for the zonal specialisation of agricultural production in the country. In the past quinquennium, compared to the previous quinquennium, the average annual proportions of grain production have increased 38 per cent, with maize plantations becoming widespread. The produc tion of raw cotton has increased 20 per cent, or Bax fibre 76 per cent, of sugar beet 66 per cent, of sunflower 65 per cent, of potatoes 11 per cent, and of vegetables 42 per cent. The Soviet Union's total crop arez las exceeded 195 million hectares. In 1958 the country's beef and dairy cattle herd will be roughly 14 million head more than in 1953, including an increase of 7 million head in the number of cows. The respective increases for pigs and sheep are 14 million and 29 million head. In 1957, as against 1953, the output of meat (with the herd increase taken into consideration) was up 1.4 times, of milk 1,5 times, of eggs 1.4 times, and of wool 1.2 times, the last including a 1.9 times increase in fine and semi-inc tool. The average milk yield per cow in the collective farms in 1958 will total roughly 1,900 kg. against the 1953 figure of 1,016 kg. In the last four years ending 1957, the average annual pace of growth in the gross output of agriculture was 7.1 per cent for the USSR, against the } } per cent for the USA. The successes achieved in agricultural development are the result of the all-round organisational activity of the Party and the Government to strengthen the collective farm system and develop the state farms, and of the realisation of the major organisational and political and economic measures taken, above all to stimulate the material incentive of the collective farm peasantry and all the workers in the countryside in making the commonly-owned production grow. The collective farms have received the opportunity to plan the develop ment of the commonly-owned economy in a new way, on the basis of getting the utmost out of the avarlable reserves. The Party and the Government are showing constant concern to equip agriculture with modern machinery, that would thus increase its productivity in the period between 1954 and 1958, agriculture has received 670,000 tractors (or more than 1 million in terms of 10 building and assembly work in 1958 of roughly 17.000 million roubles against 1957. 6. A cultural tevolution has been elected in the years of Soviet power As a result, the culture of all the peoples of the Sovit Union has bloomed upprecedentedly so. The cultural and peacral cducation al standards of the population are steadily rising. Now more than 50 million people study in one way or another. Currently the USSR has 765 ducher educational estabushments, and 3,500 technicums and Other secondary specialised educational institutians, with a student body of more than 4 million The fostering or a big army of specialists is one of the roost signal achevergents of the Party and Soviet poner, The number of specialists, with a higher or secondary specialited education, employed in economy is about 7.5 million, or 39 times more than in 1913. The higher educational establishments in the USSR now graduate reasly three times 35 many engineers as similar establishments in the USA. In our time industrial and agricultural successes are largely conditioned by the progress of new technique, based on the lates: achievements of the natural and technical sciences, and ſos ihat reason the all-round advancement of science is one of the most important tasks of the state. in the USSR the scientists are given every opportunity for fruit. ful scenic kosk, a broad exor of scientific establishments, outfitted with the most up-to-date equipment, has been set up. By the clase of 1958 there are more than 270,000 scientific markers, that 15, 27 UTOS more than before ine Revolution. Soviet scientists kase contributed much to the technical progress of our country's economy The outstanding achievements scored by scienusts in mathematics, mechanics, physics, chemistry, electronics, automation and biology have trade it possible to successfully solve the most intricate problems of economic development. 10 put the latest machunery to use in industry and agriculture, and to wosk ovi húghly cfficient production methods, Our scientists have repeatedly displayed their abiluy lo cope with the most complicated scientific and technical tasks The close pooling of effort by scientists, engineers and designers in work to use atomic energy has guaranteed a general nist in scientvic levels and has brought The USSR to the fore in the leading feldof the paiural sciences and iochmiques. A pokerful atomic ordustry has been built up in the USSR.

5. In the years of Soviet power, large-scaleconstruction has been carried out in all spheres of economy and culture. After the war There has been an annual average increase of 12 per cent in capital investment in the USSR. Between 1946 and 1958 alone, the volume of state-borne capital investment, in the terms of present prices, has totalled more than 1,600,000 million roubles. Within this period some 12,000 big state industrial establishments and a large number of medium and small enterprises have been built and put into operation. The following tabic shows that in the last five years the new capacities put into operation in industry exceeded in many cases the capa. cities commissioned in the two pre-war Five-Year Plans. For whole of ist For last five New Capacities Commissioned in and 2nd Five years ending Production of: Year Plans 1958 together Pag iron, in mins of tons 2 year Steel, in mins of tons a year Cement, in mins of tons a year Co3l, in mins of tons a year Electric stations, in mlns of kw. Granulated sugar, en hundreds of tons of beet processed daily 11.8 10.4 3.1 135.4 6,4 13 9 33 150 24 197.4 680 Housing construction has assumed particularly great proportions, In the last five years alone, 216 milhon sq m of new housing has been erected in the cities, towns and factory settlements This is far in excess of the entire urban stock housing tsarist Russia had in 1913. In the last five years the collective farmers and the rural intelligentsia have built more than 3 million houses in rural localities. In the recent period the Central Committee of the CPSU and the USSR Council of Ministers have cllected several measures in capital construction, in creating a mighty building industry and introducing industrial methods of construction and in fowering costs and improving the quality of building. The reorganisation of the management of industry and construction facilitated the successful fulfilment of the 1957 plan for building work and ensured an increase in the volume of 12 building and assembly work in 1958 of roughly 17,000 million souties against 1957. 6 A cultural resolution has been elected in the years of Sarict power. As a result, the culture of all the peoples of the Sosici Union kas bloomed unprecedentedly so. The cultural and general educational standards of the population are steadily rising. Now more than 50 million people study in one way or another. Currently the USSR has 765 higher educational estabishments, and 3.500 Iechnicums and other secondary specialised educational institutions, with a deni body of more than 4 million The fostering of a big army of specialists is one of the most signal achieverents of the Party and Soviet poner. The number of specialists, with a higher or secondary specialised education, employed in economy is about 7.5 million, or 39 times more than in 1913 The higher educational establishments in the USSR now graduate nearly three times as many engineers as similar establishments in the USA. in our time industrial and agricultural successes are largely conditioned by the progress of new technique, based on the latest achieventents of the natural and technical sciences, and for that reason the all-round advancement of science is one of the most important tasks of the state. In the USSR the scientists are given every opportunity for fruit ful scientific work, a broad actuork of scientific establishments, our fitted with the most up-10-date equipment, has been set up. By the close of 1958 there are more than 270.000 scientific workers, that is 27 times more than before the Revolution. Soviet scientists have contributed much to the technical progress of our country's economy. The outstanding schiesements scored by scienusts in mathemslics, mechanics, physics, chemistry, clecsonics, automation and biology have made it possible to successfully solve the most intricate problems of economic development, to put the latest machunery to use an industry and agriculture, and to work out fugtuly cfficient production methods Our scientists have repeatedly displayed their ability to cope with the most complicated scient:fic and techracal tasks. The clost pooling of effort by scientists, engineers and designers in work to use atomic energy has guaranteed a general ſise in scientssic levels and has brought the USSR to the fore in this leading field of the natural sciences and tech. niques. A ponerful atomic industry has been built up in the USSR.

The world's first atomic poner plant has been operating in the Soviet Union since 1954. The first 100,000-kw section of the world's biggest 600,000-kw atomic power plant has been put into operation this year, and the building of the turbo-electric nuclear-powered ice-breaker "Lenin" is niearing completion. The world's most powerful 10.000 MEV accelerator of charged particles has been created. Soviet scicatists are making successful heads ay in the peaceful usage of thermonuclear enersy. Production of intercontinental ballistic rockets has been successfully set afoot The launching of the first Soviet artificial Earth satellite opened up 1 new era in man's history, that of the coriquest of outer space. The second and third Earth satellites have been launched and preparations are being made for travel to celestial bodies. Several fast electronic digital computers have been created. The successes of Soviet geology were most brightly expressed in the discovery and study of several large deposits of coal, oil, natural combustible gases, iron, nonferrous metals and also deposits of diamonds, rare metals and radio-active ores. 7. As the result of the victory of the Great October Socialist Revolution the conditions were created for steadily promoting the material well-being of the Soviet people. In the years of Soviet power the numerical strength of the working class has considerably increased Currently the USSR's economy employs 54,600,000 factory and office workers, or 4-odd times more than in 1913, and 18 times more than in 1940 Real wages and salaries, taking into consideration pensions, grants, free tuition, and the free health seruices have, in comparison with 1940, almost doubled in 1958, wlule the real incomes of the pcasants have more than doubled for each employed There have been carried out in conformity with the deciswns of the 20th Party Congress, such signal undertakings as the raising of wages and salaries of lower-part factory and office workers the reduction of the working day on holiday eves and Saturdavs the transfer to a shorter working day of factory and office workers in several brindes of the heavy industry, the institution of a 6-and 4-hour working on and a month's holiday foi adolescents and also seseral mcation to improve the provisioning of the working people with stron inter the social insurance scheme Maternity leare has been cytuneld in a new law on state pensions, considerably improving the misc security of the factory and oflice workers, has been enacted Every year the Soviet stits earmarks tremendous sums for soris issurance payments, for grants, pensions, and scholarships for pupils, for free tuition and health service, ſot paid holidays, etc. In 1958 alone total appropriations for these purposes will top 215.000 million soubles, against the 1953 figure of 134,500 million roubles, la the last 5 years ending 1988 these payments and bencfits have increased more than 60 per cent whereas in the previous five years they increased only 27 per cent. The size of the state gensions paid out to the working people Have especially increased. In 1958 the population will receive from the sigit pensions totalling the sum of some 64 thousand million roubles, which is nearly 2.5 times more than the size of the pensions paid out to the population in 1953. There has been marmarked for messuses to improve labour prorection, as set down in the collective agreements for 1956-58, 8,100 million roubles, and for the issuance of free work clothes, 13,500 million soubles. The growth of the Soviet people's standards of material well. being is vividly expressed in rising consumption and in the develop ment of Soviet trade. Since the 20th CPSU Congress, rezi} {rade duas increased, in comparable prices, by 32 per ceni, averaging an annual increase of 9.6 per cent. The entire trade turnover for 1958 will tola! 670.000 million roubles. 8 In the years of Soviet poses all the Republics have gained major successes in economic and cultural advancement, and the material and cultural standards of the working people have grown tremendously As the result of the consistent implementation of the Learnist cational policy and of fraternal mutual assistance, the fortscrly econemically and culturally backward national republics have built up a powerful modern industry, a large-scal mechanised farming and 2 broad network of educational establishments and scientific and cultural inststutions, and have fostered a big army of skilled cadres. In the years of Soviet power the output of the large-scale indus. lry has increased 50 times over in the Central Asian Republics apd Kazakhstan, 30 times over in the Transcaucasian Republics, and 9.5 lines over to the Baltic Republis (the last in comparison with 1940). in recent years the Party and the Government have taken steps to invest the Union Republics with considerably broader posters in economic and cultural vpbuilding, which is making it possible to 13 employ our country's natural and labour resources more efficienily and to develop the economy and culture of each Republic faster. 9. The socialist system of economy has created all the conditions for the rapid growth of labour productivity. On the basis of technical progress and the country-wide socialist emulation movement, productivity of labour is continually increasing in the USSR in all fields of economy. In 1958 productivity of labour in industry in the USSR is roughly 10 times more than in 1913, though the working day is shorter. In comparison with 1940, productivity of labour, per cmployee, luas increased 2.6 times in industry, and 2.4 times in construction. Between 1953 and 1958 productivity of labour has increased 35 and 36 per cent at the state farms and collective farms respectively. 10 The Soviet Union has made considerable headway in accomplishing the fundamental economic goal. Our country has outstripped such well-developed capitalist lands as Britain, West Germany and France in the actual volume of production of pig iron, steel, coal, clectricity, cement, commercial timber, sawn timber, cotton fabrics and some other lines of industrial output. We have considerably bridged over the distance between our country and the USA in the output of iron and steel, iron ore, and coal, several types of machines, instruments and cotton fabrics. In several key industrial and agricultural items as, for example, woollen fabrics, timber and sawn timber, butter, wheat, sugar beet and potatoes, the USSR has surpassed the level of the USA. In recent years the USSR has outstripped the USA not only in the pace of growth, but also in the annual actual increment of many items, potably iron ore, pig iron, steel, oil, coal and cement. 11. All the countries embarked on socialist development have gained tremendous successes in the recent period. The world socialist system is showing ever more fully its indisputable superiority over the capitalist system. According to preliminary estimates, the industnes of the socialist countries will turn out 4.9 times more in 1958 than what was produced on their territories in 1937. If we take into account that in 1937 the Soviet Union was the only socialist country, the volume of industrial output of the socialist system of economy increased 9.5 tunes between 1937 and 1958. In the same period, industriai output of the capitalisi countries has less than doubled, while of late in the USA and some other capitalist countries production has been declining. 16 The results of the USSR's economic and cultural development and also the successes guided in the socialist iransformation of the People's Democracies have irrefutably proved that the new socizi order, which is coming to replace capitalism, that has outlined itt age, is superior and of great vitality, The Soviet Union, which has blazed the trail into socialism for mankind, has now reached sacà a level of development of its productive forces that allows it to turn to the solution of new stupendous tasks in building communism. II. The Basic Tasks of the Development of the National Ecopa my of the USSR in 1959-1965. 1. The chief task of the seven-year plan for the development of the national economy of the USSR in 1959-1965 is a further mighty upsurge of all branches of the economy on the basis of priority expan. sion of the heavy industry, and a substantial enhancement of the country's economic potential so as to ensure a continuous rise in the living standards of the people. As a result of the fulfilment of this plan, a decisive step will be taken towards the creation of the material-technical base of communism and the accomplishment of the main economic task of the USSR: to overtake and surpass in the shortest possible historic span of time the most highly developed capitalist countries in output per head of the population. The Communist Party considers it an all-important task to ensure in this seven-year period a further substantial growth of the real incores of the population in town and country, a considerable rise in the wages of tower and average-paid groups of factory and office workers. The target figures for 1959-1955 envisage a large espansion in the production and consumption of foodstufis and manufactured goods Housing construction will be unfolded on a large scale, The forthcoming seven-year period in the development of the Soviet Union will be characterised by a Turther advance of socialist cultute, growth of the spiritual wealth of Soviet society, rise in the level of consciousness of the working people, the active builders of Com. munisin. Therefore, Questions of the communist education of the working people, and of the growing generation is particular, assume exception- 17 cmploy our country's natural and labour resources more efficiently and to develop the economy and culture of each Republic faster, 9. The socialist system of economy has created all the condi. tions for the rapid grouth of labour productivity. On the basis of technical progress and the country-wide socialist emulation movement, productivity of labour is continually increasing in the USSR in al fields of economy. In 1958 productivity of labour in industry in the USSR is roughly 10 times more than in 1913, though the working day is shorter. In comparison with 1940, productivity of labour, per employce, has increased 2.6 times in industry, and 2.4 times in construction. Between 1953 and 1958 productivity of labour has increased 35 and 36 per cent at the state farms and collective farms respectively. 10 The Soviet Union has made considerable headway in accomplishing the fundamental cconomic goal. Our country has outstripped such well-developed capitalist lands as Britain, West Germany and France in the actual volume of production of pig iron, steel, coal, electricity, cement, commercial timber, sawn timber, cotton fabrics and some other lines of industrial output. We have considerably bridged over the distance between our country and the USA in the output of iron and steel, iron ore, and coal, several types of machunes, instruments and cotton fabrics. In several key industrial and agricultural items as, for example, woollen fabrics, timber and sawn timber, butter, wheat, sugar beet and potatoes, the USSR has surpassed the level of the USA. In recent years the USSR has oulstripped the USA not only in the pace of growth, but also in the annual actual increment of many items, notably iron ore, pig iron, stecl, oil, coal and cement. 11. All the countries embarked on socialist development have gained tremendous successes in the recent period. The world socialist system is showing ever more fully its indisputable superiority over the capitalist system. According to preliminary estimates, the industries of the socialst countries wil turn out 4.9 times more in 1958 than what was produced on their territories in 1937. If sve take into account that in 1937 the Soviet Union was the only socialist country, the volume of industrial output of the socialist system of economy increased 9.5 times berucen 1937 and 1958. In the same period, industrial output of the capitalist countries has less than doubled, while of late in the USA and some other capitalist countries production has been declining. 16 especially, of the production of artificial and synthetic fibre, plastics, and other synthetic materials. The chemical industry will become a major source of raw materials for the productiag of consumer goods; change in the structure of the fuel balance by priority de velopment of the extraction and production of the most economical fuels, namely, oil and gas; rapid development of electrification of all branches of the national economy by building chiefly, large-scale thermal clectric power plants; technical reconstruction of the railways on the basis of eles trification and wide use of diesel locomotives; further advance of all branches of agriculture, ensuring the satisfaction of the country's constantly rising needs for foodstuffs and agricultural raw materials; rapid development of housing construction so as to accom plish successfully the task set by the Party and the Govern meat ta liquidate the shortage of housing for the working people. 3. An important task of the forthcoming seven-year period is that of intensively exploiting the rich natural resources of or country, improving the distribution of the productive forces on its territory, further bringng industry closer to the sources of taw Taterials, fue} and consumption areas, Special attention is devoted to the further devclopment of the natural resources of the Eastern parts of the USSR. To that end it is envisaged : to build a powerful third metallurgical cenise on the basis of the new icon ote deposits discovered in recent yeRTE in Siberia and Kazakhstat, to considerably expand the non-ferrous merals industry in Kazakhstan, Central Asia, the Urals, and the Trans- Bakal area on the basis of the nich raw material resources; to extensively develop the power industry in Siberia on the basis of cheap coat from the new fields; a high rate for the development of the oil and gas industries in the areas between the Volga and the Urals; to create 2 new centre of the gas industry in Uzbekistan; to accelerate development of the chemical industry which 19 ally great importance in modern conditions, become central questions in the activity of the Party, government, trade union, YCL and other public organisations. As a result of the accomplishment of the tasks of economic and cultural development, big successes will be scored in overcoming the essential differences between physical and mental labour, in overcoming the essential differences between toin and country. On the basis of a rapid growth of the productive forces, the application of the achievements of science and technology in industrial and agricultural production, the reduction of the working day, reorganisation of the system of secondary and higher education, develop ment of literature and art, expansion of the network of cultural and educational institutions in town and country, a further rise in the cultural and technical level of the workers and the peasants, will be attained. This will also be one of the major prerequisites for a considerable rise in the productivity of social labour. 2. In drawing up the long-term plan for the development of the country's national economy, the Communist Party proceeds from the necessity of gaining time in the peaceful economic competition with the most highly developed capitalist countries and envisages the maximum acceleration of the development of the economy, and of the deci. sive branches of production in particular. For the utmost acceleration of the economic development of the USSR the target figures provide for a priority growth of those branches of the heavy industry which facilitate the further rapid advancement of the entire national economy. Accomplishment of this task is also to be promoted by the structural clanges in a number of branches envisaged by the target figures, first and foremost by a fundamental repatterning of the fuel balance, which will yield a tremendous saving. The 1959-1965 period will see notable qualitative changes in the structure of production in the national economy of the USSR. The target figures envisage : a high rate and the necessary proportions in the development of the national economy; a substantial increase in the output of ferrous and nonferrous metals to more fully satisfy the growing needs of the national economy: accelerated development of the chemical industry and, 18 6. Accomplishment of the tasks posed by the Party and the GO vernment for the next sevea years pill be of immense political and econ nomic significance for the further strengthening of our country's might. Fullment of the seven-year plan for the development of the national economy of the USSR, the basic trend of which is the pxaceful develop ment of the economy and rise of the well-being of the people, will at the same time facilitate the further strengthening or the defence capacity of the country, its preparedness to protect the great gaias of socialism against any machinations of the imperialist aggressors: Fulfilment of this plan with result in I still further grorth of the might of our Motherland and the forces of all the countries of the great socialist camp, the relations among which are based on friendship, fraternal co-operation and mutual aid. The successes of the peaceful conomic development of the USSR and all the socialist countries w11 be a further expression of the superiority of socialism over capitalism, will still further enhance the magnetic power of the cat ideas of Marxism-Leninism Development of Socialist locastry The Communist Party of the Soviet Union attaches primary significance to the development of industry, particularly it heavy industry which is the bedrock foundation of the socialist economy, of the coudtry's miche, a decisive factor for the developing of the productive forces and raising the productivity of labour in i branches of the national economy "Large-scale machine industries ard its citention to agriculture," V i Lenin Tole,"is the only economic base of socialism, the only base for the successful struggle to rid man. kind of the yoke of capital. (Works, Vol. 33, p. 27), Gross industrial output in 1965 still increase, as compared with 1958, by approximately 80 per cent, including soup A production of the means of production--by 85 10 88 per cent, and group B-STOduction of consumer goods by 62 to 65 per cent. The average an.t.ua increase of gross output is 1959-1965 for industry 23 2 wale ** approximate 8 6 per cent, iccluding group A, 93 per cent, and EN B, about? 3 per cent In 1952, one per cent increase classroom (not counting small-scale subsidiary industry) 2KOTI! million roubles, in 1959 it will amount to about II 01.08 and in 1965 will go up to about 19.000 million renkle, ** 1 will become one of the leading branches of the national economy in the Eastern areas, and in the Central Asian republics particularly; to rapidly develop the logging industry in the wood-abounding districts of Siberia and the Far East. At the same time it is envisaged to utilise all possibilities for the accelerated development of the productive forces in the European part of the country. To that end the plan calls for the : development of the raw material base for the iron and steel industry of the Centre and South on the basis of using the iron ore resources of the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly and the Ukraine; growth of the non-ferrous metal industry on the Kola Peninsula; high-rate development of the oil and gas industries in the Northern Caucasus and the Ukraine; accelerated development of the chemical industry on the basis of oil and gas in many districts; better utilisation of the highly fertile lands in the area of stable precipitation in the districts of the RSFSR, the Ukraine, Byelorussia and the Baltic Republics; higher yields of agricultural crops and higher productivity of animal husbandry. 4. The forthcoming seven-year period will be marked by technological progress in all branches of the national economy. This is to be achieved primarily by the development of the Soviet machinebuilding industry, particularly the machine-tool manufacturing, instrument-making, radio electronic, electrical engineering industries; the production of new and more efficient types of equipment for the metallurgical, chemical, oil and gas industries; the development of the production of polymer materials; still wider use of atomic energy for peaceful purposes, etc. 5. An imperative requisite for the successful implementation of the seven-year plan is the utmost rise of the productivity of social labour. High-rate growth of labour productivity, backed by the advantages of the socialist organisation of the economy, wide application of new techniques, integrated mechanisation and automation, and growing qualification of the personnel, will constitute the chief factor for increasing output in the forthcoming seven-year period, 20 6. Accomplishment of the tasks posed by the Party and the Go yernment for the next seven years will be of immense political and coon nomic significance for the further strengthening of our country's might. Fulfilment of the seven-year plan for the development of the natiacal economy of the USSR, the basic trend of shich is the peaceful developm ment of the economy and rise of the well-being of the people, w at the same time facilitate the further sirengthening of the defence capacity of the country, its preparedness to protect the great gaios of socialista against any machinations of the imperialist arsyessors; Fulfilment of this plan will result in a still further growth of the right of our Motherland and the forces of all the countries of the rest socialist camp, the relations among which are based on friendship, fraternal co-operation and mutual aid The successes of the peaceful economic development of the USSR and all the socialist countries will be a further expression of the superiority of socialism over capitalism, il still further enhance the magnetic power of the seat ideas of Marxism-Leninisal. Derelopment of Sociațist lodastry The Communist Party of the Soviet Union attaches primary significance to the development of industry, particularly the heavy industry which is the bedrock foundation of the socialis economy, of the country's might, a decisive factor for the developing of the pror ductive forces and raising the productivity of labour in all branches of 1A national economy "Large-scale machine industries ard its extention to agriculture," v. 1 Lenin wrote,"is the only economic base of socialsm, the only base for the successful struggle to rid mankind of the yoke of capital, ..." (Works, Vol. 33. p. 27), Gross industrial cufput in 1965 will increase, as compared with 1958, by approxmately 80 per cept, including group A-production of the means of production-by 85 10 88 per cent, and your pro duction of consumer goods--by 62 to 65 per cent. The average annual increase of gross output in 1959-1965 (or industry as a whole will approximate 86 pes ceni, including group A, 9.1 per cent, and group B, about 7.3 per cent in 1952, one per cent increase of Woss output (not counting small-scale subsidiary industry) amounted to 5,000 million roudles, in 1959 it wil amount to about 11,000 million Toubles, and in 1965 sill go up to about 19.000 milion roubles. The average 22 annual increase of industrial output in the forthcoming seven-year period will amount to about 135,000 million roubles, as against 90,000 million roubles in the preceding seven-year period. The development of the major branches of industry is determined by the following: A. The Heary Industry 1. The Iron and Steel Industry. The draft of the target figures envisages an accelerated development of the iron and steel industry, and of its iron ore base particularly. In 1965 it is planned to produce 65-70 million tons of pig iron, or 65-77 per cent more than in 1958; steel, 86-91 million tons, or 56- 65 per cent more; rolled metal, 65-70 million tons, or 52-64 per cent more; dressed iron ore, 150-160 million tons (230-245 million tons of crude ore). The average annual increase in 1959-1965 will amount to : for pig iron, 3.6-4.4 million tons, as against 2.5 million tons in 1952- 1958; for steel, respectively, 4.4.5.1 million tons, as against 3.4 million tons; for rolled metal, 3.2-3.9 million tons, as against 2.7 million tons; and for iron ore (dressed), 9-10.3 million tons, as against 6.2 million tons. To improve the quality of rolled metal it is envisaged to considerably increase the output of alloyed and low-alloyed steels. The production of electric steel will go up by 1.7-2 times; that of sheet steel by approximately 2 times. The assortment of rolled metal and tubes is to be expanded; the output of economical, light and periodical types of rolled metal will increase; the production of bent shapes from sheets and bands is to be set up. To ensure iron ore for the development of the iron and steel Industry, it is envisaged, besides considerably increasing its output at existing mines, to open up new iron ore fields, chiefly by the open-cut method, and the construction of powerful concentration plants. To step up the productivity of blast furnaces it is planned to increase the iron content in dressed ores by higher concentration. In 1959-1965, it is envisaged to build and commission new production capacities for the output of 24-30 million tons of pig iron, as against 16.1 million tons commissioned in 1952-1958; stcel, respectively, 28-36 million tons, as against 12.4 million tons; rolled metal, 23-29 million tons as against 6.9 million tons, The technical level of the iron and steel industry of the USSR 22 will rise substsatially. Pokerful mechanised and automaled metal. lurgical unirs equipped with the latest in engineering, will be built in 1959-1965. It is planned to install high-capacity rol and tube mills and finishing units ensuring continuous production and control for the quality of output, mechanisation and automation of productive oner. ations it is planned to carry out large-scale integrated mechanisation and automation in the coke chemical, refractory, ferroalloy and hard. ware production. New highly effective technological processes will be further improved and applied. 2. Nonferrous metals industry, compared with 1958, the target figures cal for at approximately 2 8-times increase in the output of aluminium, 19 times increase in the output of refined costret, and a substantial increase in the output of nickel, magnesium. titanieren, Eermanius, silicon. The output of other non-ferrous and, anpecially, tate metals will likewise increase, The aluminium industry will develop at a high pace. The utt limited raw material resources for the production of aluminiums, the favourable conditions for its manufacture and the high consirup wonal properties of this metal predetermine its wide application in the machine-building automobile, tractor, transport equipment, shipbuilding, and construction industries, and in the production of cossumer goods. It is cavisaged to create a powerful aluminium Industry in Krasnoyarsk Territory on the basis of its rich resources of nepheline with the concomitant production of cheap cement and soda products. Th: fact that the Territory has cheap coat and possibilities for using the electric power of the Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric station ensures the production of aluminium at the lowest cost Great attention is devated to the development of son-ferrous ore mining. Production of these ores by the opescut method will increase during the seven-year period by more than 2.8 times, and in 1965 will account for 65 per cent of the total ore outpu.. The discovery of diamond fields has creat a dependable raw material base for the organisation in the USSR of alarge-scale diamond extraction industry. The outpot of Soviet diamonds will increase approximately 14 times in 1965, 43 compared with 1998. This will enable wide application of technical diamonds in the roachine-building industry, in geological surveying and is mining operations. The 103-ferrous metals industry w develop on the basis of the further electrificatios of technological processes, mastery of acw progressive technological schemes with the wide use of mechanisation and automation, 3. The Chemical Industry. The target figures envisage the accelerated development of the chemical industry. Overall output of chemicals will increase nearly 3-fold. The production of synthetic materials is to be widely developed : the output of chemical fibres will lacrease 3.8-4 times, including the most valuable, synthetic fibres, 12-14 times, and plastic and synthetic resins, 6.7 times. The production of polymer materials is to develop on a new raw materials basis. It is envisaged to build up a powerful and comprehensively developed industry of synthetic materials with the use of oil gases of oil extraction and natural gases The use of oil gases, instead of alcohol, which was formerly applied in the production of synthetic rubber, makes it possible to save in the forthcoming seven-year period about 1,300 million roubles in capital investments. The production of nitric fertilisers will in the main bc based on the use of natural gases which will make it possible to save about 4,000 million roubles in capital investments, Large-scale production of new types of synthetic materials will make it possible to sharply expand the output of high-quality and cheap consumer goods, as well as to raise the technical level and economics of all branches of the national economy. Great possibilities are opening up for the application of these materials in the building industry, especially in the construction of houses and in the manufacture of furniture. The target figures envisage a nearly 3-fold increase in the output of mineral fertilisers and a considerable expansion in the assortment of chemical products. The output of concentrated mineral fertilisers, the more effective phosphorous-organic preparations against agricultural pests and diseases, as well as weed control chemicals will be increased. The seven-year period should see the construction or the completion of more than 140 new large-scale chemical enterprises and the reconstruction of more than 130 enterprises. It is planned to set up large-scale combined enterprises for the integrated processing of oil gases, of oil extraction, natural gases, gases of oil refineries, and other types of raw materials, And the building of new chemical enterprises and the reconstruction of existing ones will be pursued on the basis of the wide appli- 24 cation of the achievements of science and technology of our country and foreigo knowhow. 4. The fuel industry. For a further improvement in the structure of the country's fuel balance, the draft of the target figures decidedly pursues the line for the leading development of the oil and gas industries. To that end, it is plansed that the oil and gas industries should produce fuel not only for motors and domestic needs, but also for industrial enterprises, electric stations, the railway and water transport Services The shase of oil and gas in the total ſuel production will increase frono 33 per cent at the present time to 31 per cent in 1965, and the share of coal will drop from 59 per cent to 43 per cent. Expansion of the use of oil and gas as technological and power fuel and as raw materials for the chemical industry will make it possible considerably to improve the utilisation of the country's fuel and raw material resources and obtain a large saving social labour. In the oil industry it is pianined to enledd oil extraction in 1965 10 230-240 million tons, a more than two-fold incre350 over 1958. The average annual increase in oil extraction will amount to 16.7-18.3 million tons, as against 66 million tons in 1951-1955, and 14.2 million 100% in 1956-1958. The plan provides for the further improvement of the conditions for the esploitation of od fields so as to ensure the fullest extraction with the lowest outlays, and achieve the set level of oil extraction. The oil refining targets set for 1959-1965 fully provide the oil products needs of the national economy and ensure a considerable improvement in the quality and explotation properties of motor petrol, diesel fuel and lubricants. The capacities for the primary refining of oil will increase 2.1. 22 times in 1999-1965; catalitic cracking, 4.3 times; catalitic reforming, 16-18 times; production of lubricaots, 2 limes. In the gas industry it 33 envisaged to increase the extraction and production of gas in 1965 to 150,000 million cubic metres, as against 30,000 million cubic metres in 1958, or approximately 5 times. While satisfying all the needs for gas both as chemical raw material and as fuel for domestic needs of the population, more than 80 per cent of the entire cu putput is to be used in industry. Thas seven-year period will see the laying of approximately 26,000 kilometres of trunk gas pipelines and branch lines to the cities.

Automation and remote control of technological processes at oll and gas fields, oil refineries, and all trunk oil pipelines, petroleum product pipelines, and gas pipelines, will be widely pursued in the oi? and gas industries. In the coal industry it is envisaged to step up coal output in 1965 to 596-609 million tons, a 20-23 per cent increase over 1958, and the output of the most economical coals in the Eastern parts of the country (exclusive of the Urals) will increase by 42-45 per cent. The output of coking coals is to go up by 60-66 per cent and will amount to 150-156 million tons in 1965. To ensure the planned expansion of coal output it is envisaged to commission in this seven-year period, including the reconstruction of existing enterprises, coat pits and open-cut mines with a capacity of 196-212 million tons, with priority construction of new pits for mining coking coals. As a rule, large pits and open-cut mines are to be built having higher technical and economic performance. The most effective open-cut and hydraulic methods of coal mining will be further extended in the forthcoming seven-year period. Special attention must be devoted to improving the quality of coal and its better concentration. A major task in the coal industry is to improve working conditions, considerably raise technical-economic performances, and, primarily, the growth of labour productivity and reduction of production costs. With a view to further rapidly developing the country's productive forces and providing mineral raw material resources for the planned growth of the national economy, it is envisaged to expand geological surveying work by approximately 65 per cent. First of all it is eavisaged to sharply step up oil and gas prospecting as well as searches for and exploration of deposits of rich and casilyconcentrated ores of ferrons and non-ferrous metals situated in favour. able economic conditions for their exploitation, considering the most rational distribution of new enterprises, Special attention is devoted to heightening the economic effeceiveness of geological surveying work by using the most efficient methods of geological surveying, new drilling facilities and geophysical apparatus. $. Electrification. The forthcoming seven-year period will be a decisive stage in implementing Lenin's idea concerning the all-round electrification of the country. 26 In 1965, electric power output in the country will increase to 500,000-520,000 milion kwees.fl., 2-22 times, and the fied capacity of electric power plants will increase more than twofold. Besides the further electrification of indusiry, some 20,000 km of railways will be electrified during this seven-year period, as well as all the state faras, tepair and technical service stations, collectise farms and industrial settlements, As the chief isend in the development of the clectric power indusrry of the USSR is 1959-6$, it is envisaged to give priority to the construction of thermal electric stations on the basis of cheap coal, natural gas end masout, to develop at an accelerated pace electric grids, and (o consistently perform work on establishing a single poner system in the USSR which will ensure a more rapid rate of development for the country's power industry with smaller capital ovllayi and on a highes technical basis. The fired capacity of thermal tarbine electric stations will increase 23-24 Umes by the end of the sevenhytas period. Of the $8-60 million kilowatts of new capacity to be commissioned at lurbine electric power statioas, 47-50 million kilowatts will be commissioned at thermal electris stations primarily by building large condensation star tiops, each with a capacity of one million kilowans or more, with ibe installation at them of 100, 150, 200, and 300-thousand kw. units in a block systema (boiler-turbine) permitting a considerabic acceleration of construction and lowering of its cost, The enlarged capacities of thermal electric stations in combina tion with the wide use of natural gas and masout at many of them will make it possible to lower the estimated cost of one kilowatt of fixed capacity at all condensation cletíric Dower plants, 10 bite built in 1959-1965, by an average of 23 per cent, as compared with 1958. The priority construction of the mal electric power plants will mate it possible to increase, in the course of the seven-year period, the tatal capacities to be coromissioned at electric power stations by approximately 0 saillion kilowatts, by reducing capital investicats in the construction of hydro-electric power plants, If the correlation that has developed in previous years between the capacities of thermal and hydropower plants were preserved, it would be necessary either to reduce the planned commissioning of new stations, or increast cap. tal investments in the development of the power industry by 23,000 milion roubles.

Automation and remote control of technological processes at oll aod gas fields, oil refineries, and all trunk oil pipelines, petroleum product pipelines, and gas pipelines, will be widely pursued in the oil and gas industries. In the coal industry it is envisaged to step up coal output in 1965 to 596-609 million tons, a 20-23 per cent increase over 1958, and the output of the most economical coals in the Eastern parts of the country (exclusive of the Urals) will increase by 42-45 per cent. The output of coking coals is to go up by 60-66 per cent and will amount to 150-156 million tons in 1965. To ensure the planned expansion of coal output it is envisaged to commission in this seven-year period, including the reconstruction of existing enterprises, coal pits and open-cut mines with a capacity of 196-212 million tons, with priority construction of new pits for mining cokiag coals. As a rule, large pits and open-cut mines are to be built having higher technical and economic performance. The most effective open-cut and hydraulic methods of coal mining will be further extended in the forthcoming seven-year period. Special attention must be devoted to improving the quality of coal and its better concentration, A major task in the coal industry is to improve working conditions, considerably raise technical-economic performances, and, primarily, the growth of labour productivity and reduction of production costs. With a view to further rapidly developing the country's productive forces and providing mineral raw material resources for the planned growth of the national economy, it is envisaged to expand geological surveying work by approximately 65 per cent. First of all it is envisaged to sharply step up oil and gas prospecting as well as searches for and exploration of deposits of rich and easilya concentrated ores of ferrous and non-ferrous metals situated in favourable economic conditions for their exploitation, considering the most rational distribution of new enterprises. Special attention is devoted to heightening the economic effectiveness of geological surveying work by using the most efficient methods of geological surveying, new drilling facilities and geophysical apparatus. 5. Electrification. The forthcoming seven-year period will be a decisive stage in implementing Leain's idea concerning the all-round electrification of the country.

lo 1965, electric power output is the country will increase to 300,000-520,000 million kwars, 14., 2-2.2 times, and the fired capacity of dectric power plants will increase more than to-fold. Besides the further electrification of industry, some 20,000 km of railways will be clectrified during this seven-year period, as well as all the state farpis, repair and technical service stations, collective farms and industrial settlements. As the chief trend in the development of the electric porer indus. try of the USSR is 1959-65, it is envisaged to give priority to the outstruction of thermal electric stations on the basis cheap coal, natural gas and reason, to develop at an accelerated pace clestric grids, and to consistently perform work op establishing a single power system is the USSR which will ensure a more rapid rate of development for the country's power industry with smaller capital outlays and on a higher technical basis. The fixed capacity of thermal turbine electric stations will increase 2.3-2.4 times by the end of the seven-year period of the 58-60 million ksłowasss of new capacity to be commissioned ai suskirse elec tric power stations, 47-50 million kilowalls will be commissioned at thermal electric stations primarily by building large condensation sta. tions, each wath a capacity of one million kilowatts or more, with the installation at them of 100, 150, 200, and 300-thousand kw, units in a block system (boiler-torbrac) permitting a considerable acceleration of construction and lowering of its cost. The enlargest capacsics of thermal electric stations in combins. rjon with the wide use of natural gas and masoul at many of them will make it possible to lower the estimated cost of one kilowatt of Gred capacity at all condensation electric power plants, to be but in 1959-1965, by an average of 23 per cent, as compared with 1958, The priority construction of termal electric powes plants will make it possible to increase, in the course of the seven-year period, the total capacities to be commissioned at clectric power stations by approximately 10 million kilowatts, by reducing capital investments in the construction of hydroelectric power plants. If the correlatioa that has developed in previous years between the capacities of thermal and bydropower plants were preserved, it would be necessary either to reduce the planned commissioning of new stations, or increase capital investments is the development of the power industry by 23,000 million youbles Besides the commissioning of large thermal electric power plants, it is envisaged to complete the construction of the Stalingrad, Bratsk, Kremenchus, Votkinsk, Bukhtarma and a number of other hydroelectric stations. It is also planned to launch the construction of several new hydroelectric stations, chiefly in the areas which do not have enough and cheap fuel resources. Single power systems will be created during these seven years in the European part of the USSR and Central Siberia, as well as pooled power systems in the North-West and West, Transcaucasus, Kazakhstan and Central Asia. It is envisaged to extend the length of the electric grids of 35-500 kilovolt tension approximately 2.5-3 times, which will make it possible to cover towns and industrial and rural districts of the country more widely by centralised electric supplies and seduce the construction of small costly and non-economical electric stations. The construction of inter-collective-farm and inter-district electric stations will be unfolded, utilising the funds of the collective farms. It is envisaged to further expand the centralised heating system of industrial enterprises and cities. Big measures will be carried out during these seven years in the peaceful uses of atomic enesgy. A number of atomic electric power stations with various types of reactors will be commissioned. 6. Machine Building. The high rate of development of the machine-building industry, envisaged in the target figures, will ensure the supply of new equipment to industrial establishments and radical improvement of the technology of production, which will be a decisive factor for the growth of labour productivity, will case working conditions and make it possible further to reduce the work day. Particular attention is given to the development of the electrical equipment industry as the major technical basis for the country's electrification. On the basis of the achievements of science and practice it is planned to raise sharply the technical level and quality of cicctrical machines, devices, apparatuses, cables and electrical insulating materials and to satisfy the requirements in them of all branches of the economy and the needs of the people. Transition to integrated mechanisation and automatic control of production, with the use of electronic devices, represents the most salient feature of contemporary technical progress and must become the main trend in the designing of new machines. In 1959-1965 the machine-building industry will ensure :

the manufacture of the latest equipment for all branches of the economy and in the first place for the icon and steel and non-ferrous metals, chemical and powes industries and construction of excavators, rolling mills, heavy-duty presses and also sets of machines and instruments for tfic further mechanisation of arduous and labour-consuming jobs and the wide introduction of automation in industry, transpon and agriculture; the design and manufacture of machines on the basis of utili sing the latest achievements and discoveries in science and technology, particularly radio-clectronics, super-condua tivity, super-sound, radioisotopes, semi-conductors, nuclear energy, etc.; improvement of the technical and economic characteristian and indices of the manufactured machines and equpipment: co-efficient of efficiency, productivity, reliability is operation with a considerable reduction of these wrisha; the wide use of materials with improved and special charac. teristics and properties such as corrosion and heat resisting mactals, light alloys, plastics, semi-conductors, ferro-magnetic and other materials; further development of specialization and co-operation of industrial establishments, che carrying out of measures to save materials in the manufacture of equipment, radical improvement of the technology of production and setooling of machine-building enterprises through the wide replacement and modernization of equipment and also substantial expansion of mechanisation and automation not only of the main but also of auxiliary jobs, first of all in fouadry production, forging and stamping, the commission- 10B of no less than 1,300 automatic machine lines, the dest. lopment of the manufacture of special and multi-tool machine-tools and machine tools with programme control stamping and calking preises, machines for precision 02516 ing under pressure, casting in itda saxlds, casting in thinstelt moulds and according to max patterns. The output of the machine-bulding and metal-working indusities will nearly double in seven yeass. Such branches as heavy Besides the commissioning of large thermal electric power plants, it is envisaged to complete the construction of the Stalingrad, Bratsk, Kremenchug, Votkinsk, Bukhtarma and a number of other hydroclectric stations. It is also planned to launch the construction of several new hydroelectric stations, chiefly in the areas which do not have enough and cheap fuel resources. Single power systems will be created during these seven years in the European part of the USSR and Central Siberis, as well as pooled power systems in the North-West and West, Transcaucasus, Kazakhstan and Central Asia. It is envisaged to extend the length of the electric grids of 35.500 kilovolt tension approximately 2.5-3 times, which will make it possible to cover towns and industrial and rural districts of the country more widely by centralised electric supplies and reduce the construction of small costly and non-economical electric stations, The construction of inter-collective-farm and inter-district clea tric stations will be unfolded, utilising the funds of the collective farms. Tl is envisaged to further expand the centralised heating system of in dustrial enterprises and cities, Big measures will be carried out during these seven years in the peaceful uses of atomic energy. A number of atomic electric power stations with various types of reactors will be commissioned. 6. Machine Building. The high rate of development of the machine-building industry, envisaged in the target figures, will ensure the supply of new equipment to industrial establishments and radical improvement of the technology of production, which will be a decisive factor for the growth of labour productivity, will ease working conditions and make it possible further to reduce the work day. Particular attention is given to the development of the electrical equipment industry as the major technical basis for the country's electrification. On the basis of the achievements of science and practice it is planned to raise sharply the technical level and quality of electrical machines, devices, apparatuses, cables and clectrical insulating materials and to satisfy the requirements in them of all branches of the economy and the needs of the people. Transition to integrated mechanisation and automatic control of production, with the use of electronic devices, represents the most salient feature of contemporary technical progress and must become the main trend in the designing of new machines. In 1959-1965 the machine-building industry will ensure : 28 Thcexpaasion of machine-building, eavisaged by the target figures, will require considerable development of specialisation and co-operation of production, replacement and moderruisation of obsolete equipment and the radical improvement of technological processes, in the first place on the basis of a wide introduction of automation. These measures will make it possible to ensure, without buidics new plants, a considerable increase in the mosnufacture of turbines, generators, steam boilers, tractors, Diesel locomotives, electric locomotives and other machines. The draft of the target figures calls for reducing the per unit expenditure of rolled ferrous metals in machinc-building by no less than 25 per cent on the average in 7 years. The use of aluminium and plastics in cabic production will save the State upto 10,000 million roubles in 7 years and yield an economy of over 400,000 tons of icad and over 400.000 tons of copper, 7. Timber, paper and woodworking industry. The target figures envisage a substantial growth in the output of the timber, påper ari woodworking industry. The production of paper and card-board, boards made from wood shavings and wood fibre, prefabricated hous. cs, furniture, plywood and parts will rise substantially. Provision is made for the better utilisation of timber and the processing of round logs in timber feling areas so as to reduce considerably the haulage of undressed timber. Total timber haulage, not counting small producers, will increase from 322 million cum in 1958 to 372-378 milion cu.m. In 1965. The haulage of commercial timber will increase 10 275-280 million cu.m. The production of sawo timber in industry covered by the plan is to increase from 68.6 million cum, in 1958 to 92-95 million cu.m. in 1965. Timber sawiog in the wooded areas of the Norb and Siberia will increase 1 8 times. It is planned to increase in the next few years the production of Pre-fabricated standard houses and of sets of parts for houses with Halls made from local building Toalerials. Provision is made to bring up the production of furniture in 1965 10 18,000 milion tonbles ot 2.4 times that of 1958, to improve the quality of the furniture. The pulp and paper, wood-chemical and bydrolytic branches of the industry should be developed substantially. The production of cellulose in 1965 is planned approximately at 4,8 million tons, os 23 times that of 1958. To ensure the perds of industry in artificial 33 1.5 machine-building, precision instrument-making, radio electronics, electrical equipment and machine-tool making will be developed at a high rate. Production of major types of machines and instruments is planoed as follows: 1965 Increase compared with 3958 Metal cutting machine-tools, thousands 190-200 1.4-1.5 times including special, specialized and aggregate machine-tools, thoussods 38 2 Forging and pressing machines, thousands 36.2 Automatic and semi-automatic machinc lines, complete sets 250-271 1.9-2.1 Precision instruments, million roubles 18,500-19,200 2.5-2.6 including computers and mathematical machines, million roubles 2,000-2,100 4.5-4.7 Turbines, million kw. 18.7-20.4 2.8-3 Generators for turbines, million kw. 17.5-18.4 3.3.2 Electric motors of alternating current, million kw. 32-34 2.2-2.4 Rolling mill equipment, thousand tons 200-220 2-2.2 Chemical equipment, million roubles 3.500-3,700 3.3.3.5 Technological equipment for the textile industry, million roubles 2,500 2.2 Technological equipment for the food and flour milling industries, miltion roubles 3,800-4,100 2.1-2.3 Motor vchicles, thousands 750-856 1.5-1.7 Trunk-line, electric and Diesel locomatives, units 2,550-2,700 2.3-2.5 million hp. 8.4-9.0 2.8-3 Technological equipment for the cement industry, thousand tons 180-220 2.1-2.6 Technological equipment for foun- 360-410 dry production, million roubles 2.3 97 52 11 1 Provision is also made for the further improvement of the assort. ment and quality of fabrics, clothing and footwear. The production of hosiery and other knitted articles from low-quality yarn must be categorically forbidden. The output of fabrics, enjoying greater de mand will be expanded substantially: nap fabrics approximately 3.3 umes, agelange fabrics 1 8 times, calico fabrics 1 6 times; high quality worsteds from stapte fibre will be produced in large quantities. Greater production of consumer good's is ensured both by the growing supply of natural raw materials and the processing of artificial and synthetic materials The contemplated rates of growth in the output of fabrics, cloth. ing and footwear will make it possible by the end of the 7-year period to bring the USSR near to the level of the United States both in total output and in per capita production. In 1959-65 it is planned to build approximately 156 new large light industry establishments and to con plete the construction of 114 enterprises, which was started prior to 1959; 3.6 times as many spindles and 2.9 times as many looms will be commissioned as in 1952-1958, and the commissianed capacities for the production of footwear will be more than doubled. Together with the building of new enterprises a substantial sumber of operating factories will be reconstructed, the old and lowproductive equipment will be replaced by new, up-to-date highly efficient machines, 9 Food Industry. The target figures envisage the following output of the major products of the food industry. 1965 1958 cxpected fulfilment 1965 in per cent of 1958 Meat, including firstcategory subsidiary products, from state raw material resouro e thousand tons, 2,830 6,130 217 Bultet from state raw material resources, thousand tons, 627 1,006 160 fibre, the production of viscose cellulose will be brought up to 580,000 tons in 1965, or a 4,5-fold increase. The production of paper in 1965 is scheduled at 3.5 million tons, an increase of 1.6 times, card-board approximately at 2.8 million tons or 4 times that of 1958. Particularly big will be the expansion in the output of cardboard for packing, from 70,000 tons in 1958 to 1,500,000 tons in 1965. The production of newsprint is to grow 1.8 times. The output of paper for the needs of the food industry will increase. B. Production of Consumer Goods The light and food industries are growing continuously and the production of consumer goods is expanding in our country on the basis of the achieved high level of development of heavy industry and the successful carrying out of the measures outlined by the Party for the steep advance of agriculture, We have now created the conditions for expanding still more in the next few years the output of manufactured goods and foodstuffs and also of household articles and thereby making considerable headway in accomplishing the task of fully satisfying the constantly rising material and cultural requirements of the Soviet people, having in view to cover adequately in the next seven years the needs of the popula. tion in fabrics, clothing, footwear and other goods. 8. Light Industry. Gross output of the light industry will increase in 7 years approximately 1.5 times. Production of the main items of the light industry is planned as follows: 1965 1958 expected fulfilment 1965 in per cent of 1958 Cotton fabrics, million metres Woollen fabrics, million metres Linen fabrics, million metres Silk fabrics, million metres Hosiery, million metres Knitted underwear, million pieces Kaitted garments, million pieces Leather footwear, million pairs 9,800 300 480 814 882 392 95 355 7,700-8,000 500 635 1,485 1,250 780 133-138 167 132 182 142 199 168 515 32 Provision is also made for the further improvement of the assortment and quality of fabrics, clothing and footn'car. The production of hosiery and other kpicted articles from low-quality yarn must be categorically forbidden. The output of fabrics, enjoying greater de mood will be expanded substantially: nap fabrics approrimately 3.5 times, melange fabrics L8 times, calico fabrics 1 6 times; high quality worsteds from staple fibre will be produced in large quantities, Greater production of consumer goods is ensured both by the growing supply of natural raw materials and the processing of artificial and synthetic materials. The contemplated rates of growth in the output of fabrics, clothing and footwear wil make it possible by the end of the 7-year period to bring the USSR near to the level of the United States both in total output and in per capita production. In 1959-65 it is planned to build approximately 156 new large light industry establishments and to complete the construction of 114 enterprises, which was started prior to 1959, 36 times as many spindles and 2.9 times as many looms will be commissioned as in 1952-1958, and the commissioned capacities for the production of footwear will be more than doubled. Together with the building of new cnterprises a substantial number of operating factories will be seconstructed, the old and lowproductive equipment x21 be replaced by new, up-to-date highly efficiept machines. 9. Food Industry. The target figures envisage the following output of the major products of the food industry. 1965 1958 expected fulfilment 1965 in per cent of 1958 Meat, including firstcategory subsidiary products, from state raw material resourc cs, thousand tons, 2,830 6,130 217 Butter from state taw Taaterial resources, thousand tons, 627 1,006 160 fibre, the production of viscose cellulose will be brought up to 580,000 tons in 1965, or a 4.5-fold increase. The production of paper in 1965 is scheduled at 3.5 million tons, an increase of 1.6 times, card-board approximately at 2.8 million tons or 4 times that of 1958. Particularly big will be the expansion in the output of cardboard for packing, from 70,000 tons in 1958 to 1,500,000 tons in 1965. The production of newsprint is to grow 1.8 times. The output of paper for the needs of the food industry will increase. B. Production of Consumer Goods The light and food industries are growing continuously and the production of consumer goods is expanding in our country on the basis of the achieved high level of development of heavy industry and the successful carrying out of the measures outlined by the Party for the steep advance of agriculture, We have now created the conditions for expanding still more in the next few years the output of manufactured goods and foodstuffs and also of household articles and thereby making considerable headway in accomplishing the task of fully satisfying the constantly rising material and cultural requirements of the Soviet people, having in view to cover adequately in the next seven years the needs of the popula. tion in fabrics, clothing, footwear and other goods. 8. Light Industry. Gross output of the light industry will increase in 7 years approximately 1.5 times. Production of the main items of the light industry is planned as follows: 1965 1958 expected fulfilment 1965 per cent of 3958 Cotton fabrics, million metres Woollen fabrics, million metres Linen fabrics, million metres Silk fabrics, million metres Hosiery, million metres Knitted underwear, million pieces Knitted garments, million pieces Leather footwear, million pairs 5,800 300 480 814 882 392 95 355 7,700-8,000 500 635 1,485 3,250 780 133-138 167 132 182 142 199 168 145 515 32 nological processes, mechanisation and automation of production, by ensuring the comprehensive use of raw materials. by obtaining a higher yield of ready products, reducing losses and wastes in produs un The capacities of cold storages for keeping foodstuffs will nearly treble in industry and ia trade. Hiving in view that a considerable part of agricultural ram materials is processed outside of state food industry factories, it is necessary to launch the huilding, by the efforts of the collective farms, state forms, and consumers' co-operatives, of establishments for bak ing bread, the production of sausage and semi-prepared meat products, butter, cheese, pot cheese, canned vegetables and fruit, starch and other foodstuff in view of the growing incomes of the collective Currns and their greater marketable output, alongside of building estas blishments for processing agricultural products in separate collective farms, it is necessary more widely to pool lho Tesources of several collective farms for setting up ister-collecuve fasm casseries, bakeries, sausage-making and other establishments for processing milk, sach, Vegetables and frust. This will make it possible to budd larger enter. prises with up-to-date equipment and technology. W. Production of Household Goods. The output of household goods and also of machines and appliances which lighten the house work of women will be doubled and brought up to 88.000 million roubles in 1965 There will be a substantial increase in the output of furniture, sewing machines, refrigerators, washing machines, dishwashers, wireless sets, radiolas and television sets, clocks and watches, bicycles, motorcycles and motorscooters, cameras, and electric household appliances. The mass production of household goods will be organised on the byuys of developing synthetic materials industry. Enterprises of local and co-operative industries are to play : substantial part in the furber, increase of the output of consumer googs and improvement of the daily ssryices to the people. These enterprises must make ides use of local saw material outces, perfect the machinery and technology of production and in this way sharply impiute the assortment and quality of the goods they put out. Clotegited Mechanisation 828 Anitades of Frodactiaa. Specialisation and Cooperation in ladustry. 11. Integrated mechanisation and ibe automation of produc 13,546 Dairy products, in terms of milk, thousand tons, 6,017 Granulated sugar (from sugar beet), thousand tons, 5.150 9,250-10,000 180-194 Vegetable oil, from state raw material resources, thousand tons, 162 1,221 1,975 Fish catch, thousand tons, 4,626 162 2,850 Ethyl alcohol, million decalitres, 202.8 128 158.8 including alcohol made from edible raw material, million decalitres, 100 90 111.7 For per capita output of a number of major foodstuffs the USSR will overtake and surpass the most developed capitalist countries, Together with an expansion of production, the necessary measures are planned for the further improvement of the taste and nutritive properties of products, a considerable improvement of packaging the goods, greater output of semi-prepared foods, delicatessen products, baby and dietetic foods, greater output of packaged foods. In the course of 7 years there will be comnussioned about 250 new meat processing enterprises, over 1,000 milk processing factories, over 200 canneries and other factories. The daily heet processing capacities of sugar rcfineries will be incrcased by 320.000 tons, or more than twicc over. The greater fish catch is to be attained by developing new fishing grounds in the high seas and oceans, by the widc use of ponds, lakes, rivers and reservoires set up in the country, It is planned to expand the output of foodstuffs at operating enterprises through the fuller vtilisation of production capacities, crea loading of the enterprises during the year, thc introduction of new tech- 34 enterprises: the effecting of specialisation not only in industry but also in other spheres of economy : in transport, building, repair and other jobs. Great attention must be paid to improsing the technology of founding and stamping, and everythiog must be done to perfect and develop methods of precisica casting in cngineering The draft of the target figures slates the furflier deseleprecat of the engineering industry's supply facilities, both by improving specialisation and reconditioning operating enterprises and by building socker 75-80 nes bis specialised shops and plants for the manufacture of castings, forgings and stamped pieces, with spocialised capacities to be made to reach by 1965 the targets of 14,700,000 tons for pig iron castings, 4 million tons for steel castings, 1,600,000 tons for forgings, and 3,800,000 tons for stamped pieces. The capacity of specialised Plants for the masu?acture of foundry equipment will be more than quadrupled The organisation of the manufacture of equipment for precision casting is slated. The consideradle extension is envisaged of specialised capacities for manufacturing items used en masse including among other things, standard reducers, metal-working instrumedis, hardware, electrodes, fittings and industrial accessories. Their production should be copcentrated at a smaller number of eguerrrises. It is believed expedient in the industries making motos-cats, tractors and farm wachunery, in the teavy machine-building industry and in the industries making road-laying machinery, to concentrate t: production of items of one and the same type ac the smallest numbes of plants, and to organise the centralised manufacture of uniform and standard units, parts, and aggregates by applying the methods of Suss, farge serial productige Big Deasuses are cnvisaged for the wide-scale application of the Pałop merhod in welding, with a view to organising the manufacture of special profiles of various parts and arucles by this method This will enable fitte-efficient and labousconsuming jobs in founding, forging and metal working to be largely reduced 13 Productivity of labour in industry, which is the derisive factor making for higher ovipur and higher standards of the working people's well-being. will considerably recrease on the basis of undes. takings to be carried out in the sett 7 years in the integraled mechani- 37 tion processes constitute the chief and decisive means for ensuring further technical progress in economy and, on this basis, a new rise of labour productivity, the lowering of cost prices and the improve. ment of the quality of products, Work to automate production processes is being done in all fields of industry, in transport and at communication establishments. Our industry has scored some success in the development of automation, primarily in the power industry, in the iron and steel industry, and in the engineering industry. Several systems of automation and remote control have been put into operation in the chemical, oil. refining, coal-mining, light and food industries, and in several other branches. Much must be done in the way of mechanisation and automation in the engineering industry, where the outlay of hand labour still takes up as much as half of the entire working time. In many branches of industry and in agriculture, transportation and loading and unloading operations must be mechanised. The central task in immediate years is to complete the integrated mechanisation of production processes, We must turn from automation of individual units and aggregates to integrated automation, to the founding of fully automated shops, technological processes, and enterprises. The achievements of computing techniques hold out broad prospects as regards the automating of production processes. The applin cation of modern mechanical computers for controlling production processes allows of automatically selecting and conducting the technological process at the optimum regime. Apart from carrying out the over-all programme of automation in all fields of industry, it is planned to set up more than 50cxperimental model caterprises where the latest patterns of integrated autoniation will be put into elTect. 12. The target figures envisage large undertakings in specialisation and co-operation in industry. These include: the further comprehensive development of the economic arcas through the most rational utilisation of natural resources, with an eye to the need for specialising enterprises and improving co-operation and of doing away with unrational transportations: the far-better use of production capactics at operating 36 enterprises; the effecting of specialisation not only in industry but also in other spheres of economy: ia transport, buiding, repais and other jobs, Great attention must be paid to improving the technology of founding and stamping, and cverything must be done to perfect and develop methods of precision casting in cogineering The draft of the targ21 Egures slates the further development of the engineering industry's supply facilities, both by improving specialisation and reconditioning operating enterprises and by building another 75-80 new big specialised shops and pisots for the manufacture of caslings, forgiags and stamped pieces, with specialised capacities to be made to reach by 1965 tde targets of 14,700,000 tons for pig iran castings, 4 milion tons for steel castings, 1,600,000 tons for forgings, and 3,800,000 tons for stamped pieces. The capacity of specialised plants for the manufacture of foundry equipment aili be more than quadrupled The organisation of the manufacture of equipment for precision casting is slated. The considerable extcosion is envisaged of specialised capacities for manufacturing items used en masse including among other thing, standard reducers, metal-working instruments, hardware, electrodes, Strings and industrial accessories. Their production should be concentrated at a smaller number of enterprises. It is believed expedient in the industries making motor-cars, tractors and famm machinery, in the heavy machine-buiding industry and in the industries making 1034-laying machinery, to concentrate the production of tems of one and the same type at the smallest nurber of plants, 3nd to organise the centralised manufacture of uniform and standard units, parts, and aggregates by applying the methods of mass, large serial production Big Teasures 45€ envisaged for the wide-scale application of the Paton method in weldiog, with a view to organusing the manufacture of special profiles of various parts and arucles by this method This will enable little efficient and labourconsuming jobs in founding, Torging and metal working to be largely reduced. 13 Productivity of labour in industry, which is the decisive factor making for higher output and higher standards of the working psople's well-being. will considerably increase on the basis of ander takings to be corned out is the pext 7 years in the integrated mechani- 37 tion process constitute the chief and decisive means for curing further technical progress in onomy and, on this basis, a 57** nie: of labour productivity, the lonering of cost prices and the impronmeat of th: quzlity of products. Work to automate production processes is king core io £!! fields or indoors, in transport 2.3 31 communication establerts. Our industry #35 scored some sucouss in th: doseloppent of acto tion, primarily in the power industry, in the iron and steel industry, and in the cagincening industry. Several systems of automation and remote control luss been put into operation is the chemical, 01- refinire, qualomining, light and food industries, and in several other branches. Much must be done in the way of mechanication and automation in th: angistering industry, where the outlay of hard labour still takes up as much as half of the entire worki:s time. In many branches of industry and in agriculture, transportation and lodding and unloading operations must be melcised. The central task in itrmediate years is to complete the integrated wh3nisation of production from Cosses. We must turn from automation of isd:17dual units and are gates to insegnaled automation, to the founding of fully automid shops, technological processes, and enterprises. The achievements of computing techniques hold out broad prospects as regards the automating of production processes. The application of modern mechanimal computers for controllins production processes allows of automatically selecting and conducting the technological process 30 lbs optimum regime. Apart from carrying out the over-all programme of automation in all fields of industry, it is planned to set up more than 50 erperirentsi model cnterprises where the latest patterns of integrated automation will be put into effect. 12. The target figures cavisage large undertakings in specialisation and co-operation in industry. These include: the further comprehensive development of the economic are33 ihrough the most rational utilisation of natural resources, with an eye to the need for specialising enterprises and improving co-operation and of doing away nith unrational transportations; the far-better use of production capacities at operating, 36 enterprises; the eflicting of specialisation not only in industry but also ia other spheres of economy: in transport, buiding, repair and other jobs Great attention must be paid to itsproving the technology of founding and stamping, and everything must be done to perfect and derelop methods of precision casting in engineering The dral of the target figures slates the further development of the engineering industry's supply facilities, both by improving specialisation and reconditioning operating enterprises and by building another 75-80 new big specialised shops and plants for the manufacture of castings, forgings and stamped pieces, with specialised capacities to be made to reach by 1965 the targets of 14,700,000 tons for pig iron castings, 4 million tons for steel castings, 1,600,000 tons for forgings, and 3,800,000 toas for stamped pieces. The capacity of specialised plants for the manufacture of ſoundry equipment will be more than quadrupled. The organisation of the manufacture of equipment for precision casting is slated, The considerable extension is envisaged of specialised capacitics for manufacturog iterns used en masse including among other things. standard reducers, metal-working instruments, hardware, electrodes, fittings and industrial accessories. Their production should be concentrated at a smaller number of enterprises It is believed expedient in the industries making motor.cars, tractors and farm machunery, in the teavy machine-building industry and in the redustries making road-laying machinery, to concentrate the production of items of one and the same type at the smallest num- Der of plants, and to organise the centralised manufacture of uniform and standard units, parts, and aggregates by applying the methods of mass, large serial production. Big measures are envisaged for the wide-scale application of the Paton method in welding, with a view to organising the manufacture of special profiles of various parts and articles by this method This will enable ule-efficient and labourconsuming jobs en ſounding, forging and metal working to be largely reduced. 13 Productivity of labour in industry, which is the decisive factor mating for higher output and higher standards of the working people's well-being, will considerably increase on the basis of undertakings to be castsed out in the next 7 years in the integrated mechani. 37 sation and automation of production processes and of the develop ment of specialisation and co-operation in industry. It is planned that productivity of labour, per employec, in indus fry will increase from 45 to 50 per cent over 1959-65, whüc consider ing the shortening of the working day the output per hour will increase still morc. Technically substantiated rate-fixing ti important for the further Fouth of labour productivity. Oui-moded sub-standard output quam tas are still being employed 3! sceral cntcrprises. Energetic measures must be taken to introduce techmully substantialcd output rates. Serious head must he paid to the mechinssation of suxiliary jobs and to the remedying of skoricuimings in the organisation of labour and wases, 14. In accord with the planned volume of gross output and the south of labour productivity, it is enraged that over 1959-65 cost prices in industry will be reduced, in cumparable prices, by roughly 11.5 per cent. In thc rcalisation of the stupendous programme for the develop ment of socialist industry, slated for 1959-65, the connomic councils have a cardinal part in play I he's de in duty bound to sec to it that the direcion of induvry he further imprised and that capital invaimenis und milersal restrices te minst fatally employed in nler to obtain in the shortest chevable time the unlust of effect thoni enterprises either newly put inser operation or reconditioned. Th: creatic talis and u1111verenhi the factory workers, enginas w levhnicians, in exploring for 14 producuon reserves, must his mure widely developed and supported Liery effort must mu w use these new priducen reseries to fulles advantage for ancing all the branches of ect?????, ?? persistently introduce new techniques, sniegralled mechanised?!?!? sufomans of production, to maternic equipment and in effect penalratka37 and currerauon in indiri. wind on the boys of all itess, to continually increase prodrmnil v labour The eldes labour and credito illinc fth lutut working class of sur glorious scientific and leahmud intelligentside sof the entire Sounple, is the carnese and guarantee that the murununus tasks, a lor 1959-65, in further developing malt sidusirs till be *1*7wfully fulfilled. 38 Derelopment of Socialist Agriculture Great successes have been achieved in the development of socialist agriculture as the result of the signal economic and political undertakings carried out in recent years. Our socialist industry has equipped agriculture with modern machinery and has increased th: production of mineral fertilisers and of chemicals for combatting Agricultural pests and seeds. The collective and state farms non command a large army of highly skilled cadres. Y'ast erpanses of virgin and long-fallow lands have been reclaimed of tale and the country's crop areas have been considerably extended. The task in the coming 7 years is to make agricultural production grow to an extent where it will allow of satisfying the popular demand for staple foods and of steeply increasing resources of agricultural crude materials in order to provide the population with a broad range of high-quality food-stuffs in abundance and to meet all the other requirements of the state for agricultural products. The stated programme for the further development of agriculture wil go hand in hand with the perfection of socialist relations of production and with the bringing closer together of the two forms, collective farm and state, of socialist property. This will be erpressed in the further development of the collective farm system, in the growth of production stocks, in the increase and proper use of the indivisible funds of the collective farms, and in the extension of production tics between the collective farms as regards the joint organisation of industnal, building and other economic establishments, and the joint construction of power stations, roads, irrigation and drainage networks, of enterprises for the processing and storing of agricultural products, of schools, especially boarding schools, of infirmaries for the aged and of hospitals and clubs. Accordingly as collective farm production develops, and in the circumstances when the collective farms have become, large-scale establishments, equipped with advanced technique and commanding skilled cadres, the material and other requirements of collective farmers will be satisfied in increasing measure at the expense of the commonly. owned economy, and, therefore, their private, subsidiary holdings will gradually relinquish their importance. The stale farms, the role of which in socialist agriculture has considerably increased of late, will develop as modern socialist esta- 39

No text on this page.

will substantially increase in 1965 and will surpass the present output of these products per 100 hectares of farm land in the USA, as shown by the following figures: per 100 hectares of farm land (metric centners) USSR 1965 1957 USA 329-360 280 Grain 294 19 Potatoes 18.5-20 4.1 Sugar 32 29 Meat (slaughter weight) 200218 101 0.2 Wool 2. Crop production. The forthcoming seven-year period is to set a further rapid expansion of crop production. Today, when ibe Sowet people, led by the Party, have carried out extensise work in bringing virgin and long-fallow land under the plovgh, in equipping agriculture with the latest technical facilities and providing it with qualified personnel, when seed production has been considerably improved and the output of chemical fertilisers is increasing, the following major national economic t25has arisen : to step up the yields of all agricultural crops. The ulmost expansion of the output of grain as the basis of all agricultural production will be the chief line in the development of crop production for the forthcoming period, too. The chief producers of marketable grain will continue to be the collective farms and sale farms of Siberi3, the Urals, the Volga arta, the Kazakh SSR, as well as the Ukrainian SSR, the Northern Caucasus, and the Central blackearth zone of the RSFSR where along with the development of grais productios, the oviput of industrial crops and highly productive animal husbandry will be considerably expanded. In the non-black carth regions of the RSFSR, as well as in Byelorussia, Lithuania, Latvia ard Estonia, higher yields and greater gross harvests of grain must provide the collective farms and state Carras' own grain food and fodder needs Besides increasing the production of grain, it is necessary to improve its quality, saying particular attention to the production of the most valuable hand wheat varicties, belift varieties or buckwheat and blishments providing the collective farms with an example of how to best use estates and machinery for deriving the utmost of agricultural products at the lowest outlay of resources and labour. The trend the development of the stałc farms will take is that of more actively draying their men and women workers into the direct management of production, The new stage in the development of the collective farm system and the increased role of the state farms in advancing agricultural production will make it possiblc to create more rapidly an abundance of agricultural products, which is a major requisite for the transition to Communism. 1. The draft of the target liguses for the development of the national economy of the USSR in 1959-1965 calls for : a further expansion of grain production, so as to ensure by the end of the seven-year period a grain harvest of 10,000 11.000 million poods a year; an increase in the production of the main industrial crops in 1965 as follows : raw cotton, to 5.7-6.1 million tons, or 35-45 per cent more than in 1957; sugar beet, to 70-78 million tons, or 1.8-2 times more; oil-bearing seeds, to approximately 5.5 million tons, or 70 per cent more; fax fibre, to 580,000 tons, or 32 per cent more than in 1957; an increase in 1965 of the gross potato crop to approximately 147 million tons, as against 88 million tons in 1957; the development of the production of vegetables in quantities fully satisfying the needs of the population; an increase in the production of fruit and berries, during the seven years, by no less than 2 limes; grapes no less than 4 times; an increase in the output of the chief animal products in 1965, as compared with 1958 : meat (slaughter weight), to at least 16,000,000 tons, or 2 times; milk, to 100-105 million tons, or 1.7-1 8 times; wool, to, approximately, 548,000 tons, or 1.7 times; and eggs, to 37,000 million, or } 6 times, Gross farm ouiput as a whole will increase 1.7 times in 1965, as compared with 1958. It is planned to sharply improve in the forthcoming seven years the use of the land as the basic means of production in agriculture. The output of major farm products per 100 hectares of farm land banesis of agricultural crops 3 Animal husbandy. lo animal husbandry the chief task to the forthcoming seven years is to increase the output of meat, milk, and wool. While the average annual increase in meat productíon in 1952-1958 amounted to, approximately, 500,000 tons (slaughter weight), in 1959-1965 it must exceed 1,100,000 tons; milk, respectively, 3,100,000 tons and 5,900,000 6,600,000 tons; wool, 18,000 tons and 33,000 tons. Per-cow milk yields must rise to no less than 2,600 kilo. stems on the collective farms. At the same time it is necessary to ensure a sharp increase in the number of all kinds of livestock and poultry. The average annual increase of the herd in 1959-1965, compared with that of the 1952. 1958 period, must be : for catlle, 3 2 times, including cows, 2.2 times; sheep, nearly 2 times. In the first years, the task of increasing the production of meat will be accomplished chiefly by developing pig breeding and poultry farming; and in the subsequent period, with the growth in the number of cattle and sheep, the output of beef and multon will considerably Increase. To step up the productivity of livestock, it is necessary to improve the organisation of pedigree breeding, increase the number of pedigree Stack on the collective farms and state farms, by widely using highly productive pedigree animals for artificial insemination. The coues requisite for the successful accomplishment of the programuge for the development of animal husbandry is the creation of a solid fodder supply base. It is envisaged to eliminate the lag in the production of fodder and to provide animal husbandry in all parts of the country with sufficient quantities of diverse and nourishing fodder The planned increase in grain production will make it possible to allocate 85-90. million tons of concentrated fadder for livestock in 1965 At the same time the production of hay should be increased at least twofold; slage, no less than fourfold; and approximately twice the mount of potatoes should be allocated for livestock fodder as in 1997 Maize must play a decisive part in increasing fodder production. The experience in cultivating maize on large areas in different parts of the country conclusively confirms the possibility of obtaining no less than 500 metric centners of tops and cobs per hectare. Maize sown Ieguminous plants. The arca under sunflower seeds, flax seeds and other oil bearing plants should be expanded and their yields considerably increased in the Urals and Sibonia as well as in the Kazakh SSR. Special attention should be paid to increasing the yields of sunflower seeds in the Ukraine, Moldavia, the Northern Caucasus, the Volga arca and in the Central black-carth districts of the RSFSR. In the suburban zones of large cities and industrial centres, the production of potatoes and vegetables should be concentrated on specialised state farms, using primarily, for this flood land, irrigated land and drained peatland. High stablc yields of all agricultural crops must be obtained and gross harvests must be raised to the planned levels by using a scientifically subatantiated farming sysiem applicable to the conditions of the pin en cconomic zones of the country and cach farm, by the further specialisation and improvement of the distribution of agricultural production, and the wide application of the achievements of science and advanced know how. Application of a proper system of farm manager ment should be regarded as a matter of great state importance. In the next seven-year period st is necessary to introduce on each collective farm and state farm a proper crop rotation as a major component part of the farm management system, which will determine the direction and rational co-ordination of the various branches of production; and ensure a correct system of cultivating the sosl and the use of selected sceds for all crops. It is planned to continue the expansion of the irrigated area in the cotton-growing districts, reclamation work in the north-west and western districts, and bringing water o pastures which have no or little water. The target figures for the development of the national economy of the USSR envisage to increase in 1965 the supply of ouncral fertili sers to agriculture to 31,000,000 tons, as against 103 million lons in 1958. It is also necessary to considerably increase the accumulation and use of organic fertilisers, to extend the liming of sour soil, and to the gypsuming of saline land. The accelerated development of the chemical industry creates conditions in the forthcoming seven-year period for improving pest and discase control of agricultural plants as well as for weed control by chemicals --which is an additional reserve for increasing the gross barvests of agricultural crops. 3. Animal husbandry. la animal husbandry the chief task la the forthcoming seven years is to increase the output of meat, milk, sages and sool. While the average annual iocrease in meat production in 1952-1958 amounted to, approximately, 500,000 tons (slaughter weight), in 1959-1965 it must exceed 1,100,000 tons; milk, respectively, 3,100,000 tons and 5,900,000-6,600,000 tons; wool, 18,000 tons and 33,000 toes Per-cow milk yield; must rise to no less than 2,600 kilograms on the collectire farmus. At the same time it is necessary to ensure a sharp increase in the number of all kinds of livestock and poultry. The average annual increase of the herd in 1959-1965, compared with that of the 1952- 1958 period, must be : for cattle, 3 2 times, including cows, 2.2 times; sheep, nearly 2 times. In the first years, the task of increasing the production of meat will be accomplished chiefly by developing pig breeding and poultry farming: and in the subsequent period, with the growth in the number of cultic and sheep, the output of beef and mutton will considerably Increase To step up the productivity of livestock, it is necessary to improve the organisation of pedigree breeding, increase the number of pedigree stock or the collective farms and state fastos, by widely using highly Prxductive pedigree animals for artificial insemination. The chief requisite for the successful accomplishment of the Programme for the development of ansamal husbandry is the creation of a solid fodder supply base. It is envisaged to eliminate the lag in the production of fodder and to provide aziwał kusbandry in all parts of the country with sufficient quantities of diverse and nourishing fodder, The planned increase in grain production will make it possible to alocate 85-90 million tons of concentrated fodder for livestock in 1965. At the same time ide production of hay should be increased at least twofold, silage, no less than fourfold, and approximately twice the am sunt of potatoes should be allocated for livestock fodder as in 1957 Vizize must play a decisive part in increasing fodder production. The ctperience in cultivating maite on large areas in different parts of the country conclusively confirms the possibility of obtaining no less than 590 metric ceniners of tops and cobs per hectare. Maize sown by the squarc-pocket method, with the use of correct scientific farming practices and complete mechanisation of all work in sowing, tending and livesting the crop, yields the maximum quantity of fodder units per hectarc with less outlays of manpower and money, as compare ed with other crops. Extensive work should be carried out to improve natural haya fields and pastures, to increase their productivity at least one and a half times, The production of concentrated fodder must be increased to 18-20 million tons as against 3.9 million tons in 1957; measures should be taken for the fullest utilisation of the waste products of the fish and mcat industries. The construction of the most cconomical livestock premises raust be considerably expanded, and the livestock department must be mechaniscd, especially with regard to water supplies, milling, and internal transportation. 4. Procurement of agricultural products. The farget figures cnvisage that the procurement of the basic agricultural products should be increased in 1965 to the following: 1965 (thousand tons) 1965 per cent of 1957 Raw cotton 5,700-6,100 135-145 Sugar beet 70,000-78,000 180-200 Oil bearing seeds 3,560 180 Potatoes 11,720 148 Flax fibre $30 137 Meat 11.050 2.2 tumet Milk 40,610 2 - Wool 540 Eggs (million) 10,000 23 It is intended to set the amount of grain procurements at a somewhat higher level than the planned procurements from the 1958 crop, which ensures the state requirements in grain and at the same time makes it possible to increase considerably the use of grain in the collective farras and state farms for obtaining meat, milk and other animal products, The planning and carrying out of procurements of agricultural 37 44 products must be most closely co-ordinated with the proper distribution of agricultural production in the different zones and areas of the couns ly, taking toto account their natural and economic conditions, and must proniote the advance of productive forces in agriculture. The ful and timely fulfilment of the set agricultural procurement plass is a major indication of the proper understanding by the farm folk of the general interests of the state. In the future, too, it is necessary strictly to observe state discipline in this matter, taking measures for the successful fulfilment and overſulfilment of the annual procurement plans for all agricultural products and also of the plans drawn up for the seven-year period In so doing it is necessary to ensure the uncondittonal fulfilment of assignments for the deliveries of products to the all-Union fund designated for the timely satisfaction of the general requirements of the state and the fulfilment of inter-republican deliveries. 5 Development of State Farms. The output of agricultural products in state farms will be greatly increased in the forthcoming years The role of the state farms as leading socialist enterprises in agriculture should be raised still morc. It is planned to complete in the next 7 years the building of production premises and houses in state farms, especially in the virgin land development areas Provision is made to achieve in 1965, in comparable prices, a reduction in the cost of producing grain no less than 30 per cent compared with 1957, meat 19 per cent, milk 23 per cent, wool 8 per cent, cotton 20 per cent. To develop state farm production and ensure high profitability of the state farms, it is planned considerably to increase the supply of machinery and materials to them and fully satysfy their requirements in mineral fertilisers. Specialisation of the state farms in the output of definite products will be effected, 6 Mechanisation and Electrification of Agriculture. The ulmost ctpansion of mechanisation and electrification of production, the further provision of the latest equipment to the collective farms and state Carnis is a decisive condition for ful Ving the assignments as regards the development of agriculture in 1959-65. It is planned to produce for agriculture in 7 years over one million tractors, about 400,000 grain harvester combines and large quantities of other machunes and equipment, The greater technical facilities will make it possible to reduce the tures required for agricultural work and to extend the introduction of integrated mechanisation of agriculture as applicable to different zones of the country, Eclectrification of agriculture will assume 3 wide scope in 1959. 1965. It is envisaged to complcic in the main the electrification of all collective farms in the country by the end of the seven-year period, while the clectrification of state farms and repair and technical service ststions will be completed much sooner. The volume of work ia electrifying collective farnis, scheduled fos the coming 7 years, will be 2.5 times as large as that in 1952-1998 Consumption of clectric power in agriculture will increase approximately 4-fold in 7 years. To accomplish the tasks of electrifying agriculture, it is necessary to colist widely the funds of the collective farms for building inter-collective farm and intcr-district clectric stations. Prosision is also made for supplying clectricity to state farms and collectie farms from the clectric networks of slate power systems and clectric stations. Collective farms and state farms will use clectric powerin production more widely. 7. Forestry. It is planned to use the timber resources in a way SO &not only to fully satisfy the country's current needs, but also to save and replenish the forests The growing requiremeots of the economy and the population in timber will be covered by the greater felling and processing of timber in the forcst-rich areas of the North, the Urals and Siberia. It is necessary to enlist the technical facilities and personnel of timbering organisation for reforestation work. Forest management is to be arranged anew and resumed os & area of 262 million hectares, forests are to be sown and planted and reforestation measures are to be carried out on approximately 11 milion hectares. Improvement of the qualitative composiuon of forests, protection of woodlands from fires and barmful insects are an urgent task. The work of increasing the wooded area in steppe and forest. steppe districts of the country by planung trees on inconvenient lands not used in agriculture should be extended and road building and drainage work in forests should be launched Problems of raising labour productivity, reducing the oustays of labour and resources for the production of a unit of output have now advanced to the foreground in agriculture, just as in all branches of the economy. In seveb-year period labour productivity in she collecuve farms should approximately double, and in the state farms should increase by 55-60 per cent. Each collective farm and state farm should not only assure the obtaining of the marimum of products from the laod secured to them, but also run their enterprises thriftily, making most rational use of all potentialities and exercising the strictest economy. It is precisely on this basis that we will ensure a steady reduce tion of prices of agricultural products and further improvement in the well-being of the masses. The target figures for the economic development of the USSR in 1959-65 provide for high rates in further advancing agricultural production in our country. Great changes have taken place in agriculture in the last 5 years, all requisites have been created for the success ful accomplishment of the tasks put forward in the forthcoming sevenyear period. Socialist emulation of agriculturists and the experience of the best collective farms and state farms show that it is really possible successfully to cope with these big tasks in developing agriculture, Development of Transport & Communications The coming seven-year period will see the radical technical reconditioning of the main types of transport, especially rail and air transport. 1 Freight carriage on the railways will increase in the seven- Pear period to 1,800-1,850 thousand million ton-kilometres os by 40 to 45 per cent in 1965 between 85 and 87 per cent of the entire freight Karriage on the railways will be hauled by electric and Diesellocomotives, against the 26 per cent in 1958 The length of track to be switched lo electric and diesel traction will seach approximately 100,000 km. Key trunk lines, including the Moscow-Kuibyshev-Irkutsk-Far East, the Moscow-Gorky-Sverdlovsk, the Moscou-Kazan-Sverdlovsk, the Karaganda-Magnitogorsk-Uſa, the Moscon-Kharkov-Rostov- Afuneralay Vody and other lines, wi be converted to electric traction, as the result of which the network of electrified Tajlways will appsotimately triple Ir is planned, in order to open up the natural resources in the new 3rcis and to increase iransport communications between the key economus ar as, to lay about 9,600 km of new trunklines and some 8,000 km of second tracks, Tbe construction of the biggest South-Siberian and Middle-Siberian trunk lines will be completed and several new integrated mechanisation of agriculture as applicable to different zones of the country. Eclectrification of agriculture will assume : wide scope in 1959- 1965. It is cnvisaged to complete in the main the electrification of all collective farms in the country by the end of the seven-year period, while the clectrification of state farms and repair and technical service stations will be completed mucli sooner. The volume of work in electrifying collective farms, scheduled for the coming 7 years, will be 2.5" times as large as that in 1952-1958. Consumption of electric power in agriculture will incrcase approximately 4-fold in 7 years. To accomplish the tasks of clectrifying agriculture, it is necessary to calist sidely the funds of the collective farms for building inter-collective fam and inter-district clcctric stations, Provision is also made for supplying clectricity to state farms and collective farms from the clectric betworks of state power systems and electric stations. Collective farms and state farms will use electric power in production more widely. 7. Forestry. It is plasned to use the timber resources in a way so as not only to fully satisfy the country's current needs, but also to save and replenish the forests. The growing requirements of the economy and the population in timber will be covered by the greater felling and processing of timber In the forest-rich areas of the North, the Urals and Siberia. It is necessary to enlist the tcobnical facilities and personnel of timbering organisation for reforestation work. Forest management is to be arranged anew and resumed on an area of 262 million hectares, forests are to be sown and planted and te forestation measures are to be carried out on approximately 11 milion hectares. Improvergent of the qualitative composition of forests, protection of woodlands from fires and harmful insects arc an urge! task. The work of increasing the wooded area in sieppe and foreststeppc districts of the country by planting trees on inconvenicat lands not used in agriculture should be extended and road building and drainage work in forests should be launched. * * Problems of raising labour productivity, reducing the oullays of labour and resources for the production of a unit of output have now advanced to the foreground in agriculture, just as in all branches of the economy. In seven-year period labour productivity in the collective 46 products to be largely dispersed with 3. Freight arriage of the rotor Taruport x11 i creasc rocky 1.9 times in the 7-year period, while the number of passengers carried by motorbos will more than treble. General purpose motor tracsport will continue to develop. Motor garages and depois der the Ecocomic Councils will be merged, the feet of taxi-sans will be increased ard the freight carried by the centralised motor service will be steeply increased. This will allow of doing away with uneconomical small prices acd depots. The total haulage capacity by motor will increase by core than 40 per cent and the motor service will be ao sented with automobiles of new designs. The fleet of buses will increase 4.4 times. Greater construction of motor roads is a paramount task of the 7-year period. It is planned to build 2.8 times more motor roads of state-wide importance over 1959-65, than in the past 7-year period. Furthermore, on the key directions roads will be primarily cercent and concrete surfaced. The network of hard-surface motor roads of Republican, regional and local importance, especially in areas of virgin land development, will be considerably extended. 6. Due to the introduction of fast and large turbo-jet and turbo-prop airliners, the air transport will become one of the main categories of passenger transport. Passenger traffic by air will increase approximately 6 times within the 7-year period. To service the latest types of heavy aircraft, ki is planned to reconstruct and build more than Air lines are to be outitted with modern fight facili- The network of airports on local airlines is to be crtended. 7. Communications will continue to develop. The network of inter-city cable lines will double, while the length of radio-relay communication lines will increase approximately 6-fold. It is planned to increase radio broadcasting capacities and to step up work in the broad introduction of television and ultra-short wave transmission and also in the introduction of colour television. The number of TV stations is to increase 26 tures. The capacity of urban telephone stations will increase 1 5 times in 1959-65 and work to outfit the rural areas with telephone and broadcast services will be completed. 90 airports Capital Investments in Economy and Capital Construction 1. The coming 7-year period will see construction get under way on an unprecedentedly sweeping scale all over the country, esserailway lines will be laid in the districts of Kazakhstan, the Urais and the Volga arca. Furthermore, 2,700 km. of railuay lines are to be laid in arcas of forest development, The fatest automation and tclemechanical devices ajll find wide spread application in rail transport. It is planned, over 1959-65, to outfit railway lines of a total length of 18 to 20 thousand kilnmetres with automatic block systems and centralised dispatching. To casure the cfficient use of new powerful locomotives, no less than 70,000 km. of now rails, primarily hcavy rails, will be laid on operating lines. As the result of the ecchnical reconditioning of the railway's and the better use of its main means, productivity of labour in the rail transport will go up 34-37 per cent in the 7-year period, to surpass the present level of labour productivity on the railways in the USA. Haulage costs by rail will be reduced roughly by 22 per cent in the 7-year period. 2. The cargo carriage of the sea transport will roughly double in the 7-year period, with the proportion of export and import cargoes carried on Soviet merchantmen to be considerably increased. The reconditioning of the merchant marine is to take the trend of its provisioning with new and faster vessels. The total tonnage of the merchant shipping will approximately double in the 7-year period. The handling capacity of the sea ports will increase by 60 10 70 per cent. by the end of the 7-year period integrated mechanisation is to do 75 per cent of the total of loading and unloading operations, 3. The river transport will play a greater role in catering to economy, especially in the areas of Siberia. The freight carriage by river will increase by approximately 16 times in the 7-year period. It is planned to augment and largely renew the river feet, to approximately treble the haulage capacity of the self-propelled fiect, to incrcase the handling capacity of river ports by 70 to 80 per cent and to have integrated mechanisation do 75 per cent of the unloading and loading opcrations at these poris. The Volga-Baltic water-way will go into operation. Ship repair facilities, especially in Siberian river basins, will be considerably extended. 4. In the conditions of the rapid development of the oil indus, try, the length of trunk pipe-lines will almost treble while the volume of transport by pipe-line will increase approximately by 5.6 times in the 7-year period. This will enable costly rail transportation of oil and oil froducts to be largely dispensed with. 5. Freight carriage of the motor transport will increase rougluly 1.9 times in the 7-year period, while the number of passengers carried by motorbus will more than treble. General-purpose motor transport will continue to develop. Motor garages and depots under the Economic Councils will be merged, the fleet of taxi-vans will be increased and the freight carried by the centralised motor service will be steeply increased. This will allow of doing away with uneconomical small garages and depots. The total haulage capacity by motor will increase by more than 40 per cent and the motor service will be augmented with automobiles of sew designs. The fleet of buses will increase 4.4 times. Greater construction of motor roads is a paramount task of the 7-year period it is planned to build 2 8 times more motor roads of Slate-wide importance over 1959-65, than in the past 7-year period: Furthermore, on the key directions roads will be primarily cement and concrete surfaced. The network of hard-surface motor roads of Republıcan, regional and local importance, especially in areas of virgin land development, will be considerably extended. 6. Due to the introduction of fast and large turbo-jet and turbo-prop airliners, the air transport will become one of the main categories of passenger transport. Passenger traffic by air will increase approximately 6 times within the 7-year period. To service the latest types of heavy aircraft, it is planged to reconstruct and build more than 90 airports, Air lines are to be outfitted with modern light facilities. The network of airports on local airlines is to be extended. 7. Communications will continue to develop. The network of inter-city cable lines will double, while the length of radio-relay communication lines will increase approximately 6-fold. It is planned to increase radio-broadcasting capacities and to step up work in the broad introduction of television and ultra-short wave transmission and also in the introduction of colour television. The number of TV stations is to increase 26 times. The capacity of urban telephone stations will increase 1.5 times in 1959-65 and work to outfit the rural arcas with telephone and broadcast services will be completed, Capkal lavestments in Economy and Capital Construction 1 The coming T-year penod will see construction get under *ay on an unprecedentedly sweeping scale all over the country, especially in the Eastern parts. In 1959-65 ske nisurhood Inrestments will be 1.8 times more than in de serious 7mseriod and almosf equal to the 10:a rolume of cricl investrictes in teorory to all the time Soriet pour ce in cristarce. The following table characterises the volume of capital investnents (in thousands of millions of moubles and in comparable prices): 1932-35 1959-63 Increase in per cent $1.384 1,072 1.940-1,970 $21 Total for economy including: construction of objects of industrial designation Housing and public facilities coastruction Construction of educational, cultural and health facilities 1,488-1,513 181-184 205 375-380 180-183 43 179 The Communist Party attaches paramount importance to the most effective designation of capital investments to allow, at a minimum ouday of resources, to build up industrial capacities and to increase industrial output in the shortest conceivable time, with this to be coupled with a steep increase in labour productivity and the reduction of cost prices. Whereas, in determining the prospects of the development of some parts of the country where natural resources have been nonly discovered it would be best to invest capital in the construction of new enterprises (for the extraction of oil and gas, the generation of clectricity, the expansion of the output of raw material resources, etc.), as regards several branches, especially the processing industry, the 7-year plan proccods from the premise that the fundamental reconstruction extension aod technical reconditioning of operating enterprises on the basis of integrated mechanisatiod, automation and new technological processo, providing for the sweeping renewal and modernisation of equipment, should be the main trend over the imunediate years. Reconstruction of enterprises must be done within a short space of time and obligatorily so hand in hand with an increase in production capacities and a considerable growth of labour productivity. Large-scale reconstruction and also the partial extension and 50 technical reconditioning of operating enterprises will in many cases enable the task of boosting output to be solved in the immediate years ut far less an outlay of money and material and sooner, than were nem enterprises to be built. At mady enterprises built during the first Five-Year Plans and earlier, the need is ripe for the replacement of outmoded equipment, for reconstruction, and in some cases for the extension of factory space la order to largely intensify production and to provide at these enterprises the conditions of production that measure up to modern technical requicements and ensure the required growth of labour productivity. lo several economic areas reconstruction of operating enterprises is also prompted by the need for a more rational solution of the ques. tions involved in the comprehensive development of the area's industry, in order to more expediently organise the outfitting of the area's enterprises with the necessary articles, and to substantially improve co-operation in industry. 2. While the total volume of state-borne capital investments in economy in general over 1959-65 will increase 1.8 times, the capital investments in industry will roughly double the investments made in the past seven-year period. Some 100,000 million roubles are to be earmarked for the cons- Iruction of iron and steel industry enterprises which is 2.4 times more than the capital invested in this industry in 1952-58. Here capital investments to develop the iron-ore industry will increase 2.8 times. The chemical industry is being allocated 100,000-105,000 million roubles for its development, including 16,000 million roubles for the develorment of enterprises processing chemical products. About half of all the allocations for the development of the chemical industry will go for the construction of enterprises to manufacture plastics, artificial and synthetic fibre, synthetic rubber, and alcohol Capital investments in the oil and gas industry will amount to 170.000-173,000 million roubles, an increase of 23-24 times, with capital investments in the gas industry to go up 4.2 times, and in the construction of oll-and-chemical works, 25 times, as compared with the preceding seven-year period. For the development of the coal industry, 75,000-78,000 million roubles, is being carmarked, or 22-27 per cent more than in 1952-58, with higher rates of growth envisaged for the development of the coal industry in the Eastern parts of the country and the production of precast prestressed reinforced concrete structural elements, wall panels and blocks, It is planned to effect in 1959-65 measures to strengthen the techalcal facilltics of the building industry and consummate the integrated mocchanisation of mass and laborious building operations. Building Organisations will reccive a large quantity of new eficient machines, mechanisms and transport facilities. It is necessary to continue the work of merging and specialising building and crection organisations and of setting up single territorial building organisations in the economic areas. 5. Accomplishment of the outlined construction programme demands the further development of the building materials industry. It is necessary in the forthcoming 7 years to expand the production of building materials on a scalc as would make it possible fully to satisfy the requirements in them of state capital construction and also individual house building in cities and the repair of buildings, considerably to improve tlic satisfaction of the main needs of collective farm and private housing construction in the countryside. For these purposes the draft of the target figures envisages an Increase in the production of cement in 1965 up to 75-81 milion tons, 16, 2.2-24 timas compared with the output in 1958; precast reinforccd concrete elements and parts up to 12-45 million cu, m, or approxi. mately 2 5 times; slate to 6,000 million standard pieces, or 2.5 times; felt roofing about 1,300 million są m, or 2 tim2s; window glass approximately 220 million sq. m., or 1.7 times compared with 1958. The target figures provide for a higher rate of espansion in the production of building materials in Eastern areas. The target figures for 1959-65 envisage large measures for the development of the asbestos industry and sharp increase in asbestos. cement articles. The wide introduction of asbestos-ccment articles will yield a big economic effect, make it possible to cut the cost of build. ing work and raise its quality. Provision is made to satisfy fully the requirements of the economy in these materials and to ensure the production of asbestos for export. Special attention should be paid to the introducnon of building materials and articles made on the basis of plastics and resins obtained from masout and pest. In seven years the production capacities of the cement industry are to bo enlarged substantially by expanding and reconstructing nag mills, intcasifying production at them and also by buúdics and commissioning nexy mills. It should be considered erpedient to go over to the use of rcio. Purced concrete with a bear-insulation layer or asbestos slate for tools o borses in cities, forbidding the use of sheet iron far house roofs. The trilling of new and reconstruction of operating establish moois will be came out on the basis of the latest progressivs equire The production of local building materials should be further developed by tocal industry and inter-collective-Farm buiding organ $211016 6. The experience of advanced building organisations shors that *t have cremendous parentsalities for reducang budding times in cll Branches of the economy in 1958, for example, large blase fursaces *ere built in 6-8 months, Big successes have been registered lately in reducing the mes required for housing consiruclica. But the building of many enterprises and installations is dragged out inordinately, which dients for a long time bugs material resources 1960 uncompleted construction The long times required for buildinp are due, chiefly, to the existing practice of dispersing state funds at may COAuction projects Some leaders of Party, government and econom mic bodies of regions, territories and republics, instead of concentrato ing capital investments on projects to be commissioned soon, seek 10 ulude in the state construction plans new projects, without regard for the possiblues of providing them with the necessary materials, equipment and finances and without regard for expediency from the mea point of the general interests of the state An end must resolutely be put to such fallacious practices. We must incly adhere to the procedure, under which each new construc 'Cl be ensured sth material and financial resources for the entire gerund of consituclion, proceeding {con the possiblities of ampicung the cinstruction of new projects in shorter periods. Funds 11- vorstruction should he alloted only provided they have been Serun in the nccessary amounts la projects under construction, in the first place those scheduled for commissioning With the nettase in the volume of capital construction evet great. 61 significance is acquired by the sasing of material and financial re- Sourcas vsed in cenyrtlo, zaduction of the cost of building and pro- Fixbit opcranton of all building organisations and enterprises. With precast prestressed reinforced concrete structural elements, wall panels and blocks. It is planned to cffect in 1959.65 measures to strengthen the technical facilities of the building industry and consummate the integrated mechanisation of mass and laborious building operations. Building organisations will receive a large quantity of new efficient machines, mechanisms and transport facilities. It is necessary to continue the work of merging and specialising building and crection organisations and of setting up single territorial building organisations in the economic areas. 5 Accomplishment of the outlined construction programme demands the further development of the building materials industry'. It is necessary in the forthcoming 7 years to expand the production of building materials on a scale as would make it possible fully to satisfy the requirements in them of state capital construction and also individual house building in cities and the repair of buildings, considerably lo improve the satisfaction of the main needs of collectivefarm and private housing construction in the countryside. For these purposes the draft of the target figures envisages an increase in the production of cement in 1965 up to 75-81 sullfion (ogs, 1.e., 22-24 times compared with the output in 1958, precast reinforced concrete elements and parts up to 42-45 million cu m, or approximately 2 5 times, slate to 6,000 million standard pieces, or 2 5 rumos; felt roofing abt 1,300 million sq sr or 2 tim.s, window glass approximately 220 million sq. m, or 17 times compared with 1958. The target figures provide for a higher rate of expansion in the produc tion of building materials in Eastern areas. The target figures for 1959-65 envisage large measures for the development of the asbestos industry and arp increase in asbestoscement articles. The wide introduction of asbestos-cement articles will yield a big economic effect, make it possible to cut the cost of build- Ing work and raise its quality. Provision is made to satisfy fully the requirements of the economy in these materials and to ensure the prom duction of asbestos for export, Special attention should be paid to the introduction of building materials and articles made on the basis of plastics and resins obrained from masout and peat. In seven years the production capacities of the cement industry are to be enlarged substantially by expanding and reconstructing oneraling malls, intsosifying production at ibem and also by building 3d carrimissioaing new mills, It should be coasidered expedient to go over to the use of reigforced concrete with a heat-insulation layer or asbestos slate for roofs of houses in cities, forbidding the use of sheet iron for hause roofs. The building of new and reconstruction of operating establishments will be carried out on the basis of the latest progressive equip. The production of local building materials should be further developed by local indusiry and inter-collective-farm building organl. sations 6 The experience of advanced building organisations show's that we have tremendous potentialities for reducing building times in all branches of the economy. In 1958, for exateple, farge blast furnaces were built in 6-8 months Big successes have been registered lately is reducing the times required for housing construction. But the building of many enterprises and installations is dragged out inordinately, which diverts for a long time huge material resources into uncompleted construction The long từncs required for buildinp are det, eksefly, so the cristing practice of dyspersing stale funds ai many construction projects. Some leaders of Party, government and economic bodies of regions, territories and republics, instead of concentrats img c2pit2l investments on projects to be commissioned soon, seek to include in the state construction plans new projects, without regard for the possislities of providing them with the necessary materials, Mquipment and finances and without regard for expediency from the Men point of the general interests of the state. An end must resolutely be pui lo such fallacious practices. We must strictly adhere to the procedure, under which each new construc tion project would has ensured with material and financial resources for the entire period of construction, proceeding from the possibiries of completing the construction of new projects in shorter periods. Funds for the construction should be alloted only provided they have bees given in the necetiary amounts to projects under construction, io the first place thot scheduled for commissioning. Warh the increase in the volume of capital construction ever ercater lignificance et acquired by the saving or material and financial source ceed in construction, reduciion of the cost of building and pron atable operation of all building Organisations and enterprises. With precise prestressed reinforced concrete structural clements, walt panels and blocks, It is planped to cffect in 1959-65 measures to strengthen the fecha nlal facilities of the building industry and consummate the integrated mechanisation of mass and laborious building operations. Building organisations will receive a large quantity of new efficient machines, mechanisms and transport facilities. It is necessary to continue the work of merging and specialising building and erection organisations and of setting up single territorial building organisations in the economic areas, 5. Accomplishment of the outlined construction programme demands the further development of the building materials industry. It is necessary in the forthcoming 7 years to cepand the production of building materials on a scale as would make it possible fully to satisfy the requirements in them of state capital construction and also Individual house building in cities and the repair of buildings, considerably to improve the satisfaction of the main seeds of collective farm and private housing construction in the countryside. For these purposes the draft of the target figures envisages au Increase in the production of cement in 1965 up to 75-81 million tons, 1.c.22-24 tim as compared with the output in 1958; precast reinforcad concrete elements and parts up to 42-45 million cu m, or approxi. mately 2 S times; slate to 6,000 million standard proces, or 25 times; felt roofing ab»ut 1,300 million sq in or 2 tims, window glass appro ximately 220 million sq m, or 17 times compared with 1958. The target figures provide for a higher rate of etpansion in the produce tion of building matenals in Eastern areas. The target figures for 1959-63 cnvisage large measures for this development of the asbestos industry and sharp increase in asbestoscement articles The wide introduction of asbestos-cement articles will yield a big economic effect, make it pxsible to cut the cost of buud. fng work and raise its quality. Provision ss made to satisfy fully the requirements of the economy in these materials and to ensure the production of asbastos for erport. Special attention should be paid to the introduction of building materials and articlcs made on the basis of plastics and resins obtained from masout and peat. In seven years the production capacities of the cement industry are to bo enlarged substantially by expanding and reconstructing merry to utilize folly the labour TESOUTTES ia conformity with the Lalated production eiperience and the available production faci- Frasi Sators areas and in all the Republics, further to bring industry 2187 to the sources of raw materials and fuel to develop specialization midas-operation in industry to the utmost, to improve economic ties **een areas and to make rational use of all mcóes of transport. The astigamenii cavisaged by the target figures ensure the further specialization and integrated development of the economy of both Republic and large economic-geographical areas, fos example, the Urais, Siberia, Central Asia, the Transcaucasus, etc. In so doing it is necessary to combat resolutely the varrow-local understanding of an Integrand scatomy as a closed economy The singing out of large osomic geographical areas in planning facilitates the proper geogra phiscal distribution and most efficient territorial organisation of the Soszt Union's national economy The main changes in the distnbution of the productive forces in the forthcoming seven-year period are concertsolated first of all in the direction of the accelerated development of the Eastern arcas. Over 5 per cent of all the capital investments in 1959-1965 will go for the development of the Eastern areas, including the Vrals, Siberis, the Far East Kazakhstan and Central Asia. The share of these areas in the country's entre output of major steis ill rise and reach in 1965: in the production of plg son approximately 43 per cert, steel 47 per cent, rolled metal 43 pet cent, coal approximately 50 per cert, op 30 fer cont, clectnc power 46 per cent and sawn timber over 45 per cent. Pru19 1 made for the commissioning of capacities of the munity third iron and steel centre, including capacities for the production of approximately 7.5 million tons of pig iron, The coal Induskry in Siberia and Kazakhstan will be developed at a Tatier rats than us other areas to view of the concentration here of C3} deposits with the most favourable Beological conditions for minice These sreds sill contibute in seven years about 60 per cent of the total increase of cos production in the entus country. A large power industry will also be built up in Siberia and Kazakhstan, Production of dietitic power here will rise 33-3.5 times in seven years and these areas will account for nearly 35 per cent of sotal capansios in electric poker pwuction, The big growth of poxet capacitses and cheap electricity in the Land a!233 all create favourable conditions for the development 57 the present scale of construction, a reduction in the estimated cost of building and assembly work by 1 per cent only means a saving of over 1.000 million roubles, The cost of building and assembly work should be cut no less than 6 per cent in 7 years. In housing construction it is planned to reduce the average cost of a square metre of living floorspace no less than 14 per ceni, A steady growth of labour productivity is a decisive condition for the further advance of the building industry. Labour productivity in construction is scheduled for a 60-65 per cent incrcasc in 1959-65 on the basis of further industrialisaton of construction, completion of the integrated mechanisation of the common and labour-consuming jobs, improvement of the organisation of building work and wide application the best experience of innovators, III. Distribution of the Productive Forces and the Economic Development of the Union Republics In working out plans for the national economic development of the USSR, the Communist Party is guided by the Leninist national policy and proceeds from the need properly to distribute the productive forces on the country's territory with the object of achieving the greatest economic effect and ensuring the economic advance of all the Union Republics. As carly as 1918 VI. Lenin said that the plan for the country's cconomic advance must include the rational distribution of industry from the standpoint of proximity to raw materials and the possibility of the least loss of labour in passing from the treatment of raw materials to all the subsequent stages of processing the semi-manufactures up to obtaining the ready product. These Leninist directives acquire special significance today when our country is undertaking to carry out a neit' sweeping programme of communist construction, The target figures for the national economic development of the USSR in 1959-1965 take into account the interests of the further advance of the economy and culture in all the Union Republics, Provision is made to draxy into economic operation the natural resources which are richest in content and most advantageous as regards conditions of exploitation, particularly in the Eastern areas of the Alatry, 17 be further developed. The light and food industries will tren substantially. The prodsction of sugar will more than treble. Agriculture of the RSFSR is set the task of increasing grain prom eaction substantially in seven years. For other crops production in 1965 is to increase approximately follows compared with 1957: OU-bearing seeds 1.9 times, sugar bet 3.236 times, fax fibre 1.4 tizzes, potatoes 1.8 times, vegetables 22 times, meat 2.3 times, mūk 1.7-1.8 times, eggs 1.6 times and wool 1.8 times. Ose of the prime tasks is to advance agriculture steeply in the non- Hackearth belt, to create a new large centre for the production of sugar beer and sugar in the Kuban, further to develop sugar beet grawing in the central black-carth areas, in the Urals and Siberia, to expand the production of oil-bearing crops in the Eastern and South-Eastern 21636. fu advanciog animal husbandry special attention will be paid to dairy-meat and meat farming in Siberia and the Far East, the Voiga areas and the North Caucasus. The expansion of dairy farming must be ensured 13 suburban and other districts. It is contemplated to increase the area undes maize by reducing the coming of oats and other less advantageous crops, Provision is made to increase the area of irrigated lands, to reclaim lands and bring water to pastures, Capital investments of 954,000-974.000 million roubles are assigned for the development of the Republic's economy, i.e., 86-90 per cent more than was invested in the preceding seven years. The target ligures attach great significance to specialization and the integrated economic development of separate large parts of the Republic.she European part, the Urals and Siberta. In the European part of the USSR the rapid growth of the oil und gat industry is planned in the Volga area and the North Caucasus, which will make it possible to replace power coal by more economical type of fuel oil and gas Provision is made for the building of large trunk gas pipelines from the North Caucasus to Leningrad. Large oil refineries are to be erected in various economic areas which are big consumers of out products, Pipe-lines will be laid to 17:30 port the ord from the Volga area to the refineries. On the basis of oil and gas it is planned to pind the operating chemical plants and to build a big number of new ones in the European part of the Repub $9 of Industries consuming much power, the nonferrous metals industry in the first place, Changes are planned in the distribution of the oil and gas industry which will enjoy priority development in the European part of the USSR and Central Asia on the basis of the rich oil and gas deposits discovered in these areas. Construction of oil refineries in almost all the main oil consuming areas, the building of a large network of oil and gas pipe-lines will be an essential clement in the distribution of the oil and gas industry in the seven-year period. The role of the Union Republics in guiding the economy has risen sharply as a result of the reorganization of industrial and construction management. The target figures for national economic development in 1959 1965 call for the further all-round economic and cultural advance of all the Union Republics, Rasslan Soviet rederative Socialist Republic Total output of industry in the RSFSR will rise approximately 80 per cent. The production of pig iron will grow 70-85 per cent, steel 60-69 per cent, aluminium approximately 3 times, electric power more than esvice. Oil production is scheduled for an increase of 2.1-2 3 times and gas of nearly six times. Particularly extensive will be the development of the oil industry in the Tatar ASSR, the Bashkir ASSR and Kuibysficv Region. The building of 6-7 new large refineries and over 15,000 km of trunk pipe-lines is contemplated in various areas of the Russian Federation. In fact, an oil refining industry will be built up anew in the North-Western and Central areas and in Eastern Siberia. In the coal industry main attention will be given to developing the extraction of coking coals in the Kuzbas and of cheap strip-mined power coals in Krasnoyarsk Territory. Exceptionally rapid development is planned in the chemical industry. In seven years the production of chemical fibres is to grow 3-3.2 times, synthetic rubber 2,6 times, plastics and synthetic resins more than 5 times, and mineral fertilizers 2.6-28 times. Machine building is to expand greatly, Cement production will increase 2.2-2.4 times. The timber and, particularly woodworking aming mution Iw. The timber and woodworking industry should develop at a rapid porno A large pulp and paper industry will be built up, Provision s made for the buildiag of xide-gauge timber-carrying railways and for the construction of a number of large oil refineries. Trunk pipe Bizes are being laid for gansporting oil and oil products. One of the world's biggest diamond mining centres is being built up in the Yalus A5SK. The economic ties between Siberia and the European part of the country are being substantially extended and to maintsin them the transport system as being reinforced, the Siberian trunkline is being lectried and new ranays are being built The huge funds invested in Siberia's econom) will make possit the fullcr use of the natural resources available here for advancin the economy of the entire Soviet Union After commissioning tie electric stations under construction Siberia wall produce more electric power than any European capitalist country Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic Total output of industry in the Ukramjan SSR will rise by 77 per cent on seven years, further development is contemplared of such majar branches as the iron and steel, coil, chemical, power, oil and gasto machune-building and sugar industries Capital investments of 214,1900 219,000 million roubles are catmuked for develaging Ukraine's economy, of which over 50 pes coot will go to the key heavy industries A number of large industrial establishments will be built in the Western tegionis The task of the won and steel isdustry is to ensure a faster Tatt of development for iron ore and manganese mining than for other branches five farge mmg and concentration works are being built in the Kriso Rostran ore basia and a wosks 3: the newly developed Krensenchug deposits, the Kamysh-Butun works will be enlarged. All these measures will make it possible to increase the production of sron ore 16 times Stick years. The produçison of manganese ore at the Nikopol deposits a grow 2 2 times The production of pig Uds in the Republic will rise by 47-97 fit cent in scich years, steel by 38-45 per cent and rolled metal by 32-39 per cent, with the output of shortage rolled stock and pipes 6 lic. particularly plants for the production of chemical fibres, mineral fertilizers and others. Tlic capacities of the iron and steel industry will be extended. or great significance is the scheduled work to develop the iron ore deposits of the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly. Construction of the Cherepovets iron and steel works will be completed and the iron and stccl works in Lipetsk will be expanded considerably. Districes of the Urals will retain a leading place in the Republic for tlac output of ferrous and non-ferrous metals and heavy machine building The further growth of the metallurgical, oil, chemical, timber and machine-building industries and reinforcement of the power capacitics are planned here in the seven-year period. The capacities will be enlarged at the Magnitogorsk, Orsk- Khalilovo and Nizhn-Tagil iron and steel works and also at the Chen lyabinsk iron and steel works, Sinarsky and the Chelyabinsk pipe mills; construction of the first section of the Kachkanar ore mining and concentration works will be completed. In the Urals, Chelyabinsk Region alone will produce in 1965 more pig iron than is produced in France today. The raw material producing capacities of the nonferrous metals industry will be extended, To reinforce the power and ſucl industries of the Urals gas pipelines are to be built to the Urals from other republics and districts of the country. Oil production in the Urals will increase 1.8-2.2 times. The construction of large thermal electric stations working on oil and gas fuel is envisaged. Large chemical works which will utilize oil gases for the manufacture of new types of synthetic rubber and products of organic synthesis are to be built in Bashkiria. In districts of Siberia the huge natural resources will be widely developed. It is planned to build two large iron and steel works which will constitute the foundation for the third iron and steel centre of the USSR. In 1965 coal production in Siberia and the Far East will reacht 182-186 million tons, with about 40 per cent of it being stripmined. The Kuznetsk basın will, as before, remain the main producer of coking coals for the Urals and Siberian metallurgical industry. Large thermal-electric stations working on cheap coal will be built. The world's biggest hydro-electric station, Bratsk, with a capacity of over 3.5 million kw will be commissioned and construction will be launched of the Krasnoyarsk Hydroelectric Station with a capacity 60 The f***inizindust!!!! 1378 on the part in thi'sti 11033*ing ${ste ding of wit ça: licht coming 23:34 fr 2 toastetin e shy of large or sela: Trail Es 27 berg laut for bransporre riladoir, Ons<! **'s biggest dan ad mining centros os ting tillit! Yabz? The economic nu keisten Sitema rflies in '"* te coursy azt being tantuz!ly eased and la prin in its tersport Systet is being referred. the Sikeriastro-enters Sied and 1211ways are being toll Tha hage Tunds ineid na Siheria's economy 3 31, praese He the fuller use of the natural resources adatle here for 243-4- eng etc economy of the erture Sosiet uition Altre cinci dla stations under construchon Siberia wil gee.com munc pouse than any European capitalist country Ukridien Soriet Socialist Reputlic Total output of industry in the Ukrainian SSR will use the 77 per cent in seven lears, further development is cortemplatel of such major branches as the iron and steel, coal.chemical, rosct.olarda, machune-building any sugu industries Capital vestments of 2440003-119.000 million soubles ast cata marked for developing Ukraine's economy, of which over 50 pcs ceat wil go to the key heavy indusines A number of large industrial cuablishments will be built in the Westsin itgions The task of the son and sttel industry 110 ensure a faster tale of developpent for von ose ind mang313cst minute than for other broctes, five large mining and concenita1101 works are being bune in the Krivoy Rog iron ore basis and a works at the realy developed Kremenchug deposits, the Kamysh-Burun works will be enlarged, All these measures will make it possible to incesc thc production of 100 arc (6 times in seven years. The production of manganese orc At the Nikopol deposits will yow 2.2 lunes The production of pig iron in the Republic will rise by 47-57 per cent in Seven years, steel by 38-45 per cent and rolled metal by 32-39 per cent, wits the output of shortage colled stock and pipes - As a result of the fulfilment of the scl assignments the Byelo: sian Republic will contribute in 1965 over 20 per cent of the countı total output of potash fertilizers, 9 per cent of the metal-cutt machine tools, 19 per cent of the tractors, and 15 per cent of flat fib Uzbek Sorict Socialist Republic The Uzbek SSR will remain the main cotton producer of th country. Therefore, in the forthcoming seven years main attentio will be given to the development of cotton growing and the relater industries. Capital investments of 35,000-36,000 million roubles are allotred for developing the republic's economy, or approximately 2.4 times more than in 1952-1958. Irrigation construction will be conducted on a large scale. The machinc-building industry serving the needs of cotton growing will be extended. Total industrial output will rise more than 80 per cent in seven years. The gas deposits discovered in the Bukhara district, which are of tremendous national economic importance, will make it possible to build up a large gas industry which will provide gas not only to a large part of Central Asia but also to major industrial centres in the Urals. The share of gas in the fuel consumption of the republic will rise to 60 per cent in 1965 as against 33 per cent in 1958, which will obviate the need for bringing in Karaganda coal. Two large district electric stations working on gas fuel will be built The Angren district clectric station working on cheap local coal will be commissioned to full capacity. The construction of a large oil refincry will be completed and, together with the operating plant, it will ensure the refining of all the oil produced in the Uzbek and Kirghiz republics The chemical and nonferrous metals industries will be developed on a large scale, Mixed nitrate fertilizer plants will be built. The production of mineral fertilizers will more than double and the output of chemical fibres will grow substantially in seven years. The produce tion of copper, lead, and zinc is being organized The output of cement will grow approximately fourfold. In agriculture the production of raw cotton in 1965 will increase 1.3-1.4 times compared with 1957, silk cocoons approximately 1.6 es vegetables 3 times, at 21 tites, cik 17 tiscs, *®? festes, and karahui stirs 3 times. The tra order cross Bigeyards it to be extended of major importance for its further bustul aparcac! watter production is the utmost nisa ia pie ky loying in presente agrotectaical pested and is repletica of tziartint mecbasization of cottoa culisues in the rest ich je. Crmia able Rort will be done to intindre and master istemelere and state farms wlica-zils!!! sop tetation, to attend the rinis Areas and impose m. Karst Sories Socialist Rage Wir To the Kazakh SSR is planned further is ceciept:: tan-ITICLI Dierals, pouer, masks e-buildirg. chemical, c3, coal, centri, food, 414 light industries and to build up the pros and steel identry on a largt Toul capita iniciati in the republic's Cocony at our < $16.00-119,000 million routics, os aFTGI dtely 2.3 tira as much as in the preceding sesegrejear period. Tocal industrial Quirl! in 1965 wil n o pyrexualely by 170 per cent about 1958. Operating plants will be copanded and new large enterprises will be built in the non-ferrous metals industry, The Karanganda Works and the Yermatov Ferro-Alan Mene will be the major carryction projects of Inc trot and steel industry. The iron ore industry all be greaDy developed by building rew minitt and concentration works. "The Sokolovka-Sarbar mining and concesiration works with an annual analy of 19 million tons al von Ort, the speest in the county, will be commissioned in Kustanai Region during 1959-1965. 101 provide tron ote for the develapiog iron and tecl industry of the Krals and the metallurgical industry of Kazakhstan. The production of pig jron is besng organized in Kazatistan for the first time The Gulput of slecl all kindscased approximately 15 pts Provision is made for the construction of plants madufacturing folling muli and mind equipment, and other machine building plants. The manufacture of electric motors, electricyacuan instruges *14 cables is being osganized for the first fisie.

As a result of the fulfilment of the Set assignments the Byelo-rus. sjan Republic will contribute in 1965 over 20 per cent of the country's total output of potash fertilizers, 9 per cent of the metal-cutting machine tools, 19 per cent of the tractors, and 15 per cent of fax fibre. Uzbek Soriet Socialist Republic The Uzbek SSR will remain the main cotton producer of the country. Therefore, in the forthcoming seven years main attentior will be given to the development of cotton growing and the related industries. Capital investments of 35,000-36,000 million roubles are allotted for developing the republic's economy, or approximately 2.4 times more than in 1952-1958, Irrigation construction will be conducted on a large scale. The machine-building industry serving the needs of cotton growing will be extended. Total industrial output will rise more than 80 per cent in seven years. The gas deposits discovered in the Bukhara district, which are of tremendous national economic importance, will make it possible to build up a large gas industry which will provide gas not only to a large part of Central Asia but also to major industrial centres in the Urals, The share of gas so the fuel consumption of the republic will rise to 60 per cent in 1965 as against 3 3 per cent in 1958, which will obviate the need for bringing in Karaganda coal. Two large district electric stations working on gas fuel will be built. The Angren district electric station working on cheap local coal will be commissioned to full capacity. The construction of a large oil refinery will be completed and, together with the operating plant, it will ensure the refining of all the oil produced in the Uzbek and Kirghiz republics. The chemical and nonferrous metals industrics will be developed on a large scale. Mixed nitrate fertilizer plants will be built. The production of mineral fertilizers will more than double and the output of chemical fibres will grow substantially in seven years. The production of copper, lead, and zinc is being organized. The output of cement will grow approximately fourfold. In agriculture the production of raw cotton in 1965 will increase 1.3-1.4 times compared with 1957, silk cocoons approximately 1.6 ha ties, they Birg2 ore mirty and concentration factories will be Contrred, The electrical equipment and instrument-maling industries are slural for the biggest deselopment in soschino-building; the marulacper elettric locomotives is being organised on a large scals. The Ostre of the chemical industry will STOK aproximately six fold: 1.0 production of minerat fertilizers will inctcase 2.2 times; the manufac. turs of new chemical products will be organised. In seven years IS la factories will be built and the primary uine-making facilities will be expanded. The production of tca will igcrcase 15 times and grape Hinc 2.5 times. In 1965 the fruit crop is to rise approximately 1.8 times compared with 1957. grapes 22 times, the production of meat will incrcau 1.7 times and mak 24 times in 1959-1965 the collectic farms and staic farms are to lay out now orchards and sineyards on an arca or about 78,000 hectares and are to extend the area under outrus fruit. Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic In the Azerbaijan SSR the major economic lasks are further to develop the oil gas, chemical, ferrous and non-ferrous metals, machine-balding and textile industries, in agriculture to develop cotton growing, animal husbandry, horriculture and sticulture. Capital investments in the republic's economy in 1959-1965 are cnvisaged at 29.000 million roubles. 1 6 limcs as much as in the proced. ing seven years Total industrial production will risc approximalely 90 per cent in seven years Oxl production will grow by 33 per cent in seven years, gas 26 times, the manufacture of oil equipment by 71 per cent Add electric motors 2 3 mes The production of electric power will nearly double and the output of chemical industry will risc substantually The production of cotton goods will increase by 60 per cent, woollen fabrics 3 4 times and grape wine hy 87 per cent. Construction of a number of chemical crks and a metallurgical plant is to be completed In 1965 the production of raw cotton will increase 17-18 times compared with 1957, silk cocoons approximately 1.3 times, grain 2 fimes, grapes and fruit 2 3 times, meat 2 times, milk 2.2 times and wool 18 times. The collectie farms and state farms are to lay out In seven years coal mines with a total capacity of 25.5-28.6 million tons are to be commissioned. Coal production is to rise 1.5 1.6 times, with the output of coking coals expanding approximately 3-fold, The chemical industry will develop at 1 rapid pace. The production of artificial fibre will grow approximately 10 times; the output of mineral fertilizers will increase substantially, the production of syn. thetic rubber, automobile tyres and caustic soda will be organised. The manufacture of cellulose and cardboard from rushes is being arranged. The textile, shoe and leather, mest-packing and sugar industries are slated for the biggest development among branches of the light and food industries. In agriculture a further increase in grain production is envisaged. Together with this, the northern districts of the republic should specialize in meat and dairy farming, the breeding of fine wool and semi-fine wool sheep; the areas of desert and semi-desert steppes should specialise in raising livestock for meat, the breeding of sheep yielding semifine wool, meat and fats and of karakul sheep. The production of sugar beet in 1965 will increase 2.9-3.3 times compared with 1957, raw cotton 1.6-1.9 times, oil-bearing seeds approximately 2.8 times, meat 2.9 times, milk 1.9 times, abd wool 2.5 times. The introduction and mastery of proper crop rotations and bringing up the share of clean fallow to 15-20 per cent of the total ploughland are a major condition for obtaining stable yields and increasing the total harvests of grain and other crops, 'The work of developing now lands and bringing water to pastures will be continued. Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic In the Georgian Republic che chemical industry, machinebuilding, the growing of tea and citrus fruit, horticulture and sericulture, viticulture and wine making, and also other branches of the food industry will be further developed. Total capital investments in the economy will amount to 16,800 million roubles. Total industrial output will rise nearly 75 per cent in seven years. The fuel and power facilities are being reinforced : a large clectric station working on gas fuel will be built. New coal capaci.

INO eíseries, 3 sugar refitcrits, 3 mcat-packing plants, sis canneriet, Exhine-building plants, a plant for the manufacture of equipment In the food industry and a cement mill. la agriculture it is envisaged to increase the production of sugar het in 1965 19-21 times compared with 1957, mealassroximately 2.2 tines, milk, 2.3-2.5 times, vegetables approximately 1.9 times ard prapes 2.9 times. The republic's collective farms and sale farras will lay out vineyards on an area of about 150,000 hectares and orchards and berry patches on an area of 116,000 hectares. The building of factories for the processing of fruit and makes on collective farm funds is contemplated, having in view the establishment of inter-collective-farm and inter-district enter. prises. Lattiao Soviet Socialist Republic in the Latvian SSR the major (asks are to devclop the electric cal and radio equipment, instrument-making, transport machinery and the fish industries. Total capital investments in the Republic's economy dutir & 1959-1965 vi} amount to 10.800 million roubles, os twice as much as in the preceding seven years Total industrial output will risc more than 1.6 1mes in seven years, with the output of machine-building and metal working industries increasing more than twice. The production of rail coaches, diesel motors, and electric bulbs will nearly double, The production of instruments will increase 7.3 times, cement approximately 1.5 times, butter 1.8 times, meat 1.9 times and the fish catch 2 2 (imes, Construction and reconstruction of a number of plants in the chemical electrical equipment and machine building industries are contemplated. A substantial increase of the fishing fleet und enlargement of the Riga fisking port are the Visaged. The republic's agriculture should continue to specialise along the lines of dairy farming, the raising of pigs for pork and bacon and the breeding of pedigree livestock. It is planned to incrcase the productionof meat 1 8 tipies in 1965 as compared with 1957, milk 1 7-1.9 times, graia 17-18 times, potatoes 16 tistes and sugar beet 1.5-1.7 times.

Dew orchards and vineyards on an area of about 118,000 hectarcs. Lithuaniao Soriet Socialist Republic In the Lithuanian SSR it is planned further to industrialize the Republic's economy, to develop the machine-building, light, food and fish industries and to build up a chemical industry. About 12,500 million roubles of capital investments are assigned for the economic development of the republic, ie, twice as much as in the preceding seven years. Total industrial output will grow more than 1.8 times in seven years, with the production of the machine-building industry rising 2.6 times, electric power 2 times, linen fabrics 2.5 times, leather footwear 2 times, butter 1.7 times and the fish catch 1 7 times. The production of building materials will be substantially expanded. The power facilities of the Republic are to be reinforced by building new and extending operating electric stations. The republic's agriculture will specialize along the lines of breeding pedigree dairy livestock, and pigs for the production of pork and bacon, in combination with the growing of potatoes and other vegetables, sugar beet and flax, Grain growing should also be further developed. It is planned to increase in 1965 the production of grain and sugar beet 1.5-1.7 times, compared with 1957, potatoes approximately 2 times, flax fibre 1.6 times, meat I.S imes, and milk 1.8-3.9 times. Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic In the Moldavian SSR it is planned further to develop the machine-building, building materials, food and power industries, to advance agriculture, particularly the growing of grapes, fruit, vegetables and sugar beet, Total industrial output will more than double in seven years, the production of grape wine will rise 3.2 times and granulated sugar 2.5- 2.8 times, Capital investments in the republic's economy will amount to 8,800 million roudles in seven years, Provision is made for the building and commissioning of over Neitzevards art orchards will be laid on aastaclansat con tans in 1959-1965. Arardiin Sorlet Socialist Republic 13the Armenian SSR it is planned funtzi to destroy the indasky od the basis of utilizir, ralural gas, to dedo Fiscian chicery and instrument-making and also the food adli indir are loetpand the poner facilities. Capital investments will amount to 12.000 milion roatlesia sesta F223, 22 times as much as in 1952-1958. Totali.destrial capi Fow approximately 2.2 times. To reinforce the republic's poner (acities to escurie s'jors working on natural gas are to be built and commissioned ad itero struction of two hydroelectric stations is to be completed. In agriculture the production of grapes as to increase afTTOI3- mately 2,9 limas en 1985 compared *sih 1959. Sruit 3 times, tocca 14 times, silk cocoons 17 times, meat 21 Simes and milk 18 tim The area under vineyards and orchards will be catered by 44,000 hectares and the production of high quality #19:and cogna Ritte increased considerably Turkmen Soritt Socialist Republic In the Turkmen SSR the oil, gas, chemical, light and food andes Ines will be further descloped It is planeed to allot 15,700 million roubles for developing the republic's economy, 24 times as much as in 1952-1958 The republic's total industrsal output will scarly double. Large capital investiteots wul be made for the development of the oil and gas industries. The production of oil wal increasc 1.8 times and gas 4 3 times Two district thermal electric stations will be built The production of fertilizers is being organized. The output of cotton and silk fabrics and leather footucar will rise ply. The republic's agriculture will conunue to specialise in the production of cottos, particularly face-staple vanelies. The production of cotton is to increase approximately 15 times in 1965 compared Wiik 1957, meat 2.1 times, wool 5 times, karakul skins 1.3 times and silk cocoons 1.2 times Kirghiz Soviet Socielist Republic In the Kirghiz SSR the non-ferrous metals, oil, gas, coal, light and food industries will be further developed. Capital investments in the republic's economy will amount to 10,500 million roubles, or 2.3 times as much as in the preceding seven years, Total industrial output in the republic will rise 2.2 times. The supply of electric power to the economy will be sharply improved, two large electric stations will be commissioned. The republic will preserve a leading place in the Soviet Union for the production of mercury and antimony. The output of oil will be trebled and gas extraction will be organized on a large scale. Enterprises of the machine-building, building materials, light and food industries will be constructed. The republic's agriculture will specialise in the production of cotton, sugar beet and meat, and the breedingof fine wool and semifine wool sheep. It is planned to increase in 1965 the production of sugar beet and raw cotton 1.3-1 4 times compared with 1957, grain 2-2.3 times, meat approximately 3 times, milk 2.6 times, wool 2.8 times and silk cocoons 2.9 times New orchards and vineyards are to be planted on an area of 28,000 hectares in 1959-1965. A large road-building programme will be carried out. Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic In the Tajik SSR it is planned further to develop colton growing, the light and food industries, the building materials industry, forticulture and viticulture; the power facilities are being extended, a gas pipe-linc will be laid from the Uzbek Republic. The chemical and cement industries are being built up. It is contemplated to invest 8,600 million soubles in the Republic's economy, 2.6 times as much as in 1952-1958. Total industrial output will rise by more than 80 per cent. In agriculture the production of raw cotton, primarily of finc staple varieties, is to increase io 1965 1.3-1 4 times compared with 1957, cocoons approximately 1.6 times, mcat 2.1 times, milk 2.6 times and wool 1.5 times. 70 labore TZ2 from the ci ha premiere clearly megta as become on prodextric vcter Int:descu ing according to the sout productive. Onlar er & be a better war on principles of datrici sering samt the one of Comunison. From mich dirasmesser, his reeds" At the present state of crear el horario of the Soviet people a story more 20 year! Production base be subscriberrations for co: ** 103 cass, collear :-2:nom Penyet, kr 2 Le Savien people to live sur better in the te ft. Er growing material ard spiritual registros. Nourishment for the populsion I be substine TETE. particularly by such products as mik, batier, mat, segar. Tetabios and fruit It must be taken into consideration that in the USSR the increase in food production leads to a continuous growth of conserption, where improvement of dietary is achieved for the entire population, for all the nationalities of the Soviet Union without excerrion. Ar the same time in the capitalist countries concealed behind the SVETDET figures 15 a tremendous gap in the proportions of production and consumption, in the standards of nourishment of the propertied classes and the working people, and also of the population of the home coun. tries and colonies There all be a plentiful supply for the Soviet people of high. quality and beautifully designed clothing and footwear. The target igures envisaga a fundamental improvement in the housing conditions for the population by the implementation of a wide-scale housing programarte ta towns, workers' townships and rural localliler, The 73 Estonian Soriet Socialist Republic In the Estonian SSR the task is set further to develop the shale, chemical, electric power, machine building, textile and fish industries, to increase the output of butter and meat. Capital investments in the Republic's economy are planned af 8,100 million roubles, or 1.9 times as much as in 1952-58. Total industrial output will rise approximately 1.8 times, including machinebuilding 2.3 times, shales 1.8 times, cement more than 6 times, meat and meat products 2.1 times, butter 1.8 times and the fish catch 2.3 times. The output of clectric power will rise more than 5-fold. The fishing fleet will be greatly developed and a fishing port in Talling will be built to serve it. Agriculture will continue to specialise in pedigree dairy farming, the breeding of pigs for meat and bacone (It is planned to increase in 1965 the production of meat 1.7 times, compared with 1957, milk 1.8- 1.9 times, grain approximately 2 times, potatoes 2.2 times, vegetables 1.5 times and fax fibre 1.9 times. IV. Increase of Well-being of the Soviet People The law of development of the Soviet Society is a continuous growth of the people's well-being on a basis of the development of socialist production and raising of labour productivity. Whereas under conditions of capitalism a rise in production leads to the enrichment of a handful of exploiters and is accompanied byrelstive and absolute impoverishment of the masses of working people, under socialism production develops in the interests of the whole society, with a view to satisfy the rising material and cultural requirements of all members of society, and the growth of production leads to a steady increase of the well-being of the entire people. The decisive superiority of the socialist system over the capitalist one is that under socialism there takes place a speedy development of the productive forces of society and the ensuring of a just distribution of products of social labour between all workers of socialist society. Functioning in the Soviet Union is the socialist principle of distribution according to labour, in kecping with its quantity and quality which creates personal material incentive of the workar in the results of his labour and is an important stimulus in increasing productivity of 72 labour and growth of production, VI. Lenin taught that without a material incentive it is impos. sible to bring tens and tens of millions of people to communism. The founders of Marism-Leninism stressed the importance of the principle of material incentise of all workers in the goath of publicly. Onted production for the creation of an abundance of products ensuring the transition to Communism, and they in their time criticized the levelling approach to distribution. Distribution according to need can be elected only in the highest stage of Communism, when the productie forces of society will reach a higher level of development than under socjal3m, and when all members of the society will be works ing according in their ability, and their labour will become highly produciuse Only under such conditions will the abundance of consumer goods he achieved and the transition effected from the socialist principle of distribution according to labour to the principle of Communism "From cach according to his abilities, to each according to his needs At the present stage of desclopment, when through the titors of the Soviet people a mighty industry and large-scale agricultural Production have been established, there are all conditions for our work ing class, collective-farm peasantry, intelligentsia, for all the Soviet people to live still better in the near future, to meet more fully their growing material and spiritual requirements, Nourishment for the populalion will be substantially improsed, partxcularly by such products as mulk, butter, meat, sugar, vegetables and fruit. It must be taken into consideration that in the USSR the increase in food production leads to a continuous growth of consum ptron, where improvement of dietary is achieved for the entire population, for all the nationalities of the Soviet Union without exception. At the same time in the capitalist countries concealed behind the as crage figures is a tremendous gap in the proportions of production and consumption, in the standards of nourishment of the propertied classes and the working people, and also of the population of the home countries and colonies There will be a plentiful supply for the Soviet peopic of highquality and beautifully designed clothing and footwear. The target Agures erivisage a fundamental improvement in the housing conditions for the population by the implementation of a wide-scale housing programme in towns, workers' townships and rural localities. The 73 Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic In the Estonian SSR the task is set further to develop the shale, chemical, electric power, machine building, textile and fish industries, to increase the output of butter and meat. Capital investments in the Republic's economy are planned at 8,100 milion roubles, or 1.9 times as much as in 1952-58. Total industrial output will rise approximately 1.8 times, including machinebuilding 2.3 times, shales 1.8 times, cement more than 6 times, meat and mcat products 2.1 times, butter 1.8 times and the fish catch 2.3 times. The output of electric power will rise more than 5-fold. The fishing fleet will be greatly developed and a fishing port in Talling will be built to serve it. Agriculture will continue to specialise in pedigree dairy farming the breeding of pigs for meat and bacon. It is planned to increase in 1965 the production of meat 1.7 times, compared with 1957, milk 1.8- 1.9 times, grain approximately 2 times, potatoes 2.2 times, vegetables 1.5 times and fax fibre 1.9 times. IV. Increase of Well-being of tbe Soviet People The law of development of the Soviet society is a continuous growth of the people's well-being on a basis of the development of socialist production and raising of labour productivity. Whereas under conditions of capitalism a rise in production leads to the enrichment of a handful of exploiters and is accompanied by rciative and absolute impoverishment of the masses of working people, under socialism production develops in the interests of the whole society, with a view to satisfy the rising material and cultural requirements of all members of society, and the growth of production leads to a steady increase of the well-being of the entire people. The decisive superiority of the socialist system over the capitalist one is that under socialism there takes place a speedy development of the productive forces of society and the ensuring of a just distribution of products of social labour between all workers of socialist society. Functioning in the Soviet Union is the socialist principle of distribution according to labour, in keeping with its quantity and quality which creates personal material incentive of the worker in the results of his labour and is an important stimulus in increasing productivity of 32 Large sale de clopment of housing, capansion of the network of berding schools and children's institution, the further concleph 23 of free medical senice, education ard other forms of cultura) 26dure facilities for tee population will be of great importance in the farther rise of the living standards of the working rope 4. The regulating of wages of factors and office workers in all douches of the national economy, starice in recent years, should be completed in the coming seven-year period together with a sercoal icelease ia #ages for factory and office workers The gradual regulal. ug of rages all nican an increase in wages for the low-end averages paid factory and office workers and nasraning in this say the gap in remuneration for labour of low-and average-pard groups of workers in tymparison with highly paid groups The stages of low-pard factory and office workers in the course of : seven-year period will be raised from 270-350 roubles to 500.00 roudles a month. This measure is planned to be cllected gradually, in two stages The first stage is 1959-1962. In this pened it will be necessary to complete the already started regulating of ages of factory and office Morkers with simultaneous increase of minimun wages to 400-450 Toubles a month in all branches of the national cconomy The second stage os 1963-1965. Is this persod it is intended to raise the age mapumum of factory and office workers in all branches by an additional 100-150 roubles 3 months 16 bring it up from 400- 450 roubles to 500-600 roubles a month with certain increased rate or Wages and silanes for the average-pard factory and office workers, An important task will be ensuring a more speedy rise of abous productivity in all branches of the national economy compared with the increase in wages as an essential condition for the lowering of production costs, growth of accumulations and for a rise in the matena) well-being of the working people 5 The measures outlined in the target figures for 1959-1969 ensure a further improvement of working conditions, industrial hygiene and safety engineering at enterprises and construction projects through the use of the newest scientific and engineering actuevements in normal. 1550 g labour conditions Measures for the further improvement of supplying the workers with overalls and footwear will also be carried out, The widespread introductson of new techniques, mechanisation, production of furniture and other household goods will considerably, be expanded, Great attention is to be paid to the expansion of production and improvement of quality of products and goods for the children, The target figures provide for increased wages and particularly substantial increase for low-and average-paid groups of workers and office employees. In the coming seven-year period the state will allot large sums for payment of pensions and grants, for the organisation of the upbringing of children, for the expanding, improving and reduction of prices of public catering. The target figures for the development of the national economy, which envisage a steady rise in the material well-being and the cultural level of the population of the USSR, serve as a fresli and vívid expression of the indefatigable concern of the Communist Party and the Soviet Government for the welfare of the Soviet people. 1. The national income, a truly people's income in the USSR. is used not to enrich the exploiter classes as is the case in the capitalist countries, but for a steady rise in the living standards of the people and for expanding socialist production. The national income will increase by 62-65 per cent in 1965 as compared to 1958 and with its increase a further rise in public consumption will be effected The funds of consumption will go up by 60-63 per cent in the seven-year period. 2. in connection with the vast scale of growth of socialist production and with a considerable expansion in the neinork of enterprises and institutions of science, culture, education and public healiti, public catering, trade, housing and municipal service for the populltion in the seven-year period the number of factori' and office worhers in all branches of the national economy, as is envisaged, will increase by 11 5 million people, or by 21 per cent. The aggregate number of factory and office workers in the national economy will top 66 million people by the end of the seven-year period. 3. The real incomes of the factors and office workers in lfc seven-year period per worker will jump on an average by 40 per cent as a result of the increase in wages, pensions and grants as well as the further price reductions in public catering. On the basis of an increase in agricultural production and higher labour productivity the real incomes of the collective forniers will soar in the seven-year period also by not less than 40 per ceni, mostly due to the growth of common husbandry of the collective farms 2 35-30 hour working week, i.e., for workers engaged in underground work, and in production with harmful labour conditions to a 30-hour working week (5 workdays of 6 hours each with two full days of 2nd a 35-hour working week (5 work-days of 7 hours each with two full days ofT) for the rest of the workers. All these measures are to be completed by 1966-1968. The transfer to a 30 to 35-hour working week with retaining one full day off means introducing correspondingly a five-or six-hour work day. Since for the majority of factory and office workers it is more convenient to have a six or seven-hour work day with tho full days off each week instead of a five-or six-hour work day in a six-day Working week, it is intended to introduce a fire-day working week, i.e., establish two full days of each week, It is intended to make this change-over to a shorter Kork-day and lesser amount of work-days in a week without lowering wages. As a result of this, the USSR will have the shortest work-day and the shortest working week in the world, 9. In accordance with the growth of industrial and agricultural production and the income of the population the volume of retail trade turnover through state and co-operative trading organisations will rise in the seven-year period by 57-62 per cent (in comparable prices). In connection with the speedier increase in monetary incomes of the rural population, the trade turnover in the countryside will also develop at a more rapid pace. The sales of livestock products to the population in the sevenyear period will increase by 2 2 times, Vegetable oils-1.9 times, fruit including citrus-2.5-3 times. Sugar production will rise sharply: by the end of the 7-year period per capita output of sugar in the Soviet Union will reach 41-44 kilograms a year as against 26 kilograms in 1958. In connection with the further upsurge in agriculture and the tremendous growth in production of synthetic malerials and anificial fibre there will be a substantial increase in sales to the population of most important industrial commodities as fabrics, clothing, underwear, footwear There will be greater sales to the population of cultural and welfare and household commodities, particularly those making the work of housewives easier : washing machines, Facuum cleaners, electric Ljor-polishers, electric irons, and refrigerators. la comparison with the previous sexca-year penod sales of refrigerators to the population 77 and automation of production will fundamentally, in the forthcoming Seven-year period, change the labour conditions for the factory and office workers. There will be considerable improvement in working conditions for the women and young workers in industry. 6. Substantial appropriations are envisaged for the expansion of the network of nurseries and kindergartens, boarding schools, and prolonged-day groups in schools. Larger funds will be allocated for free education and advanced training, for free medical aid, for sanatoris and rest homes, for state social insurance grants for factory and office workers, for state grants to unmarried mothers and mothers of large families, for state pensions, for upkeep of homes for the aged, for holiday pay for factory and office workers, and for other payments and grants for the working people. State expenditures for the abovementioned purposes in 1965 will amount to approximately 345,000 million roubles as compared to 215,000 million roubles in 1958. 7. The target figures foresee also a further improvement of pension system. It is planned to increase the amount of minimum pensions. In connection with the increase in minimum wage by 1963 to 400-450 roubles a month the necessity rises of increasing the amounts of minimum pensions. It is intended to increase by 1963 the amounts of old-age minimum pensions from the present 300 roubles (0400 roubles a month in towns and from 255 to 340 roubles for pensioners permanently residing in rural areas and engaged in agriculture, and also to increase the amounts of minimum pensions for the disabled and in case of loss of breadwinners. At the end of the second stage of raising minimum wages to 500- 600 roubles a month it is planned to effect in 1966 a new rise in the amounts of minimum pensions to about 450-500 roubles a month for old-age pensioners in towns and correspondingly boost the minimum in rural localities, and also to increase the minimum amounts of pensions for the disabled and in case of loss of breadwinners, 8. In keeping with the decisions of the 20th CPSU Congress it is intended to complete by 1960 the transfer of factory and office workers to a 7-hour working day, and workers of the leading professions in the coal and mining industries occupied in underground work, to a 6-hour working day. And aiso fully to effect in 1962 the transfer of factory and office workers with a 7-hour working day to a 40-hour working week, Starting from 1964 there will be a gradual transfer to 76 of housewives easier washing machines, vacuum cleaners, electric Door-polisbers, electric irons, and refrigerators In companson with che previous seven-year period sales of refrigerators to the population a 35-30 hour working week, ie., for workers engaged in underground work, and in production with harmful labour wonditions 10 a 30 hour working week (5 workdays of 6 hours each with tno full days om and a 35-hour working week (5 workdays of 7 hours each with two full days ofi) for the rest of the workers. All these measures are to be completed by 1966-1968. The transfer to a 30 to 35-hour working week with retaining one full day off means introducing correspondingly a five or six-hour work day. Since for the majority of factory and office workers it is more convenient to have a six or seven-hour work day with two full days of each week instead of a five-or siz-hour work day in a six day working week, it is intended to introduce a five-day working week, le.. establish two full days of each week, It is intended to make this change-oser to a shorter nork day and lesser amount of work-days in a week without lowering wages. As a result of this, the USSR will have the shortest work-day and the shortest working week in the world. 9. In accordance with the growth of industrial and agricultural production and the income of the population the volume of retail trade turnover through state and co-operative trading organisations will rise in the seven-year period by 57-62 per cent (in comparable prices). In connection with the speedier Increase in monetary incomes of the rural population, the trade turnover in the couniryside will also develop at a more rapid pace The sales of livestock products to the population in the seven. year period will increase by 2.2 times, vegetable oils 1.9 times, fruit including citrus-25-3 times. Sugar production will rise sharply: by the end of the 3-year period per capita output of sugar in the Soviet Union will ceach 41-44 kilograms a year as against 26 kilograms in 1958. In connection with the further upsurge in agriculture and the tremendous growth in production of synthetic materials and artificial abre there will be a substantial increase in sales to the population of most important industrial commoditiesmas fabric, clothing, under: wear, footwear. There will be greater sales to the population of cultural and welfare and household commodities, particularly those making the work 77 and automation of production will fundamentally, in the forthcoming seven-year period, change the labour conditions for the factory and office workers. There will be considerable improvement in working conditions for the women and young workers in industry. 6. Substantial appropriations are envisaged for the expansion of the network of nurseries and kindergartens, boarding schools, and prolonged-day groups in schools. Larger funds will be allocated for free education and advanced training, for free medical aid, for sanatoria and rest homes, for state social insurance grants for factory and office workers, for state grants to unmarried mothers and mothers of large families, for state pensions, for upkeep of homes for the aged, for holiday pay for factory and office workers, and for other payments and grants for the working people State expenditures for the abovementioned purposes in 1965 will amount to approximately 345,000 million roubles as compared to 215,000 million roubles in 1958. 7. The target figures foresee also a further improvement of pension system. It is planned to increase the amount of minimum pensions. In connection with the increase in minimum wage by 1963 to 400-450 roubles a month the necessity rises of increasing the amounts of minimum pensions. It is intended to increase by 1963 the amounts of old-age minimum pensions from the present 300 roubles to 400 roubles a month in towns and from 255 to 340 roubles for pensioners permanently residing in rural areas and engaged in agriculture, and also to increase the amounts of minimum pensions for the disabled and in case of loss of breadwinners, At the end of the second stage of raising minimum wages to 500. 600 roubles a month it is planned to effect in 1966 a new rise in the amounts of minimum pensions to about 450-500 roubles a month for old-age pensioners in towns and correspondingly boost the minimum in rural localities, and also to increase the minimum amounts of pensions for the disabled and in case of loss of breaduinners, 8. In keeping with the decisions of the 20th CPSU Congress it is intended to complete by 1960 the transfer of factory and office workers to a 7-hour working day, and workers of the leading profesa sions in the coal and mining industries occupied in underground work, to a 6-hour working day. And also fully to eileet in 1962 the transfer of factory and office workers with a 7-hour working day to a 40-hour working week. Starting from 1964 there will be a gradual transfer to 76 11. It is carmarked to substantially improve communal and trade services for the population in 1959-1965 period. Great attention will be devoted to the development of public catering The output of public catering establishindents will be more than doubled. The seady-meals-for-home service will be extended. The majority of workers, office employees and students will be served by catering establishments. There will be a great increase in packed and half-finished products, wider home-delivery service and also wider de clopment of other progressive forms of trade services to improve efficiency. There will be a more extcasive network of catering establisdments, retail shops, clothiog and shoe-repairing establishments, sewing shops, laundries and other enterprises of every day repairs and other services, The trade vnions must exert unremitting control over the work of canteens at the plants, factories and other enterprises, organisa. tions and institutions drawing the workers, employees and members of their families for fulfilling this task, The line taken by the Central Committee in respect to price reductions will be promoted further The task is set of considerably expanding the system of catering establishments and improving their work and also to reduce prices on food of catering establishments. This wil tell favourabiy first of all on the budgets of workingtreen's families and make work casier for millions of women, In addition to price cuts on products of the catering establishments, there will be a reduction of prices also on some other commodities (in connection with the need of certain regulation and removal of price discrepancies). 12. The target figures foresce a programme for the further improvement in the protection of the health of the population. Capital investments earmarked for the construction of public health institunons, social maintenance, physical culture and sport and also for the medical industry, will amount to 25,400 million soubles, which is 80 per cent more than in the period of 1952-1958. This will enable through new construction in 1959-1965 the number of accommodations in hospitals to be doubled, and the number of accommodations in nurseries to be increased by more than 2.5 times in comparison with the increase in the previous seven-year period. With the object of further improving medical service for the population and creating 79 will rise by 5.6 times, washing machines and accessoriesman 8.8 times, sewing machines--2.1 times, television sets-4.6 times,radio receivers.-- 1.7 times, motorcycles and scooters--2.7 times. To meet the demands of individual housing and also for construction of farm buildings at the collective farms it is intended to launch largescale trade with building materials. The sales to the population of standard-type houses will rise by nearly 7 times, cement by 2 8 times, soft roofings by 2 2 times and pane glass by 1 6 times. 10. The Communist Party and the Soviet Government consider that the further development of housing at the present time which is of nation-wide significance is one of the most important tasks confronting all Party, Government, trade union and economic organisations, of the entire Soviet people. The tasks set forth in the decisions of the CC of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers on the development of housing in the USSR are being successfully carried out and their fulfilment nill be Secured in good time with the object of climinating the housing shortage in the country. For this purpose it is envisaged to build in 1959-65 a total of 650-860 million square metres of housing, or nearly 15 million flats which is 2.3 fimes greater than the amount completed in the previous seven-year period Close to 7 million du cllings will be put up in rural localities by the collective farmers and village intelligentsia themselves Housing fund in towns and workers' seulements by the end of the seven-year period will increase by 1.6 times. Econo- 17" and well-appointed flats to be tenanted by one family cach will be buit in urban and rural localities. A target is being set to effect a change in housing distribution, that of providing a separate flat for each family. The state will give utmost encouragement and help to the working people in putting up their own homes and Nats by means of their personal savings. It is envisaged to improve the quality of prefabricated houses sold to the population and also to help the builders in their assembly. Measures will be taken to broadly develop the house building co-operatives with the object of drawing the personal savings of the working people into liousing development. For the development of municipal economy in the towns and workers' settlements it is planned to set aside about 80 per cent more funds than in the previous seven-year period It is also intended to carry out measures for improving fuel supply to the population living in woodless areas of the country, 78 people accosaplished great deeds, and now we are faced practically nith the task of the further education of people of a communist society Xho would be developed and trained in all ways. We hase to take a new great step in the development of socialist culture. Our people is solving in the course of communist construction and will sols successfully the important task which provides for the "combination of education with industrial production", as the “Manifesto of the Com. munist Party", that great work by K. Marx und F. Engels, has it. The realization of the grandiose plan of communist construction cius for a decisive improvement in all the work of educating Soviet people, raising their communist consciousness and activity, forming a Dew man in the spirit of collectivism and diligence, and an understanding of his social duty, in the spirit of socialist internationalism and patriotism, in the spirit of the observance of the loſty moral principles of the new society. Special attention must be paid to bringing up the rising generation in the spirit of communism, to bringing the school close to life, to combining instruction with production work, to mastering the scientific knowledge accumulated by mankind, to overcoming the sur vivals of capitalism in the consciouness of people, and to developing an irreconcilable struggle against hostile bourgeois idcology. The seven-year plan provides for important measures for the development of public education, science and culture, i. It is planned, in the years 1959-1965, considerably to develop general secondary-school education in town and country, 10 extend evening and correspondence higher and specialized secondary education, and to increase the net-work of evening schools for working yourh in town and country The number of pupils in the primary, seven-year and secondary schools in 1965 will be increased to 38-40 million as against 30 milion people in 1958 The number of pupils in the schools for working youth in town and country, in professional-technical schools and also in schools for adults should be considerably increased. The system of boarding schools will be greatly developed, as they are one of the most important forms for bringing up the younger generation, 1965 the number of pupils in these schools will be no less than 2,500,000 as against 180,000 in 1958, that is, it will increase 14 times, The number of children in kindergartens will increase from 2,280,000 in 1958 to 4,200,000, During the coming seven-year period there will be a further im- 81 more favourable conditions of work for doctors it is planned to provide rent-free flats with heating and lighting at hospitals set up in workers' settlements, district centres and rural localities, The medical industry will be considerably developed and particularly the production of anti-biotics and other modern effective curative means. Together with a general growth of output of medical articles by triple in 1965 as compared with 1958, the manufacture of anti-biotics will increase by 3.7 times, vitamins-6 times, medical instruments and apparatuses, including apparatuses for the use of atomic energy in medical purposes--2-2.5 times, With the purpose of creating more favourablc conditions for aged citizens it is planned to organise a large-scale construction of homes for them both in town and country. The necessary ſunds for this will be set aside by the state, trade unions and collective farms. V. Questioas of Communist Upbringiag, Public Education, the Development of Science and Culture. For the transition to communism what is needed is not only a powerful material and technical base, but also a highly conscious attitude on the part of all citizens of socialist society. The ideas of Marxism-Leninism which is the one and only dominating ideology of Soviet society, having got hold of the masses, have become the great material force transforming society on communist principles. Marxism-Leninism teaches that in the process of the building of communism, the entire spiritual life of society becomes transformed, man himself changes and his communist world outlook is formed together with the rise in the productive forces and the radical changes that take place in material production, The Soviet people, guided by the Communist Party, developed immeasurably during the construction of socialism and became tempered as an active fighter for the victory of communism. V.I. Lenin closely associated the building of communism with the tasks of the educational work of the Party. He spoke of the need of effecting a transition "to educating, teaching and training people who would be developed and trained in all ways, people who knew how to do everything. Communism is moving towards this, must move and will arrive at it, but only after many years." During the years of socialist construction the Party and the 80 of the younger generation, 2. la connection with the tasks for the development of the national economy and culture, it is planned funher to eriend and improve the training of specialists with a higher and secondary specialia ed education. During the years 1959-1965 the higher educational institutions will graduate 2,300,000 specialists, as against 1,700,000 in the period of 1952-1958, that is 40 per cent more. The number of eogineers trained for industry, construction, transport and commugications will increase by 90 per cent, and that of agricultural specialists by 50 per cent as compared with the preceding seven-year period. The greatest increase in the number of engineers graduated will take place in the specialities of chemical technology, automation, computing engineering, radioelectronics and other branches of new. technique. At the same time it is planned to improve the cristing system of higher education, to bring it closer to production, and to admit to the higher educational establishments more youth who already have had experience in life and who have a record of practical work. The sole and sigmficance evening and correspondence schools in the system of training specialists with a higher education will increase immeasurably. Secondary specialized education, which will be brought as close 10 production as possible, will be developed further. Four million people will be admitted to the secondary specialized schools in the period of 1959-1965, including those who study while working. 3 Development of science. Dunng the coming seven-year period the necessary conditions will be created for an even more rapid development of all branches of science, for the making of important theoretical studies and new important scientific discoveries. It is with this aim in view that a broad programme of scientificresearchis planned, and the concentration of scienunc forces and means on the most important investigations, such as are of theoretical and practical significance The state allocates huge sums of money for the construction of new scienufic institutions, and the equipment of institutes and laboratories with the most modern instruments, Sosiet scientists who have penetrated the secret of the atom and thermonuclear reactions, and who have created artificial Earth satellites, will enrich our science with even greater discoveries and achievements, The physical sciences occupy the leading place in natural science, for the advance of associated sciences and the national economy 83 (provement in the system of public education, to correspond to the new tasks. The measures outlined by the Central Committee of the CPSU fora radical improvement in the entire system of public education mark a new stage in the development of the Soviet school, a stage which reflects the new requirements in the life of society in the period of transition from socialism to communism. The school is faced by the most important task of preparing the rising generation for life, for useful labour, and of inculcating in our youth a deep respect for the principles of socialist society. The school must train people with an all-round education, people who will have a good knowledge of the foundations of science and, at the same time, will be capable of regular physical work, it must insull in the youth the striving to be of value to society, and to take an active part in the production of material values which society needs. It is planned to carry out the following measures in the period of 1959-1965 : (a) To effect a transition from 7-year to Suycar universal, compulsory cducation. To ensure the organization and necessary equipment of study shops at the 8-year schools, combining polytechnic labour instruction with the extensive drawing of schoolchildren in interesting forms of socially useful work they are capable of performing at their particular age (6) To reorganize the network of 10-year schools (their upper forms) into various types of urban and rural secondary labour schools, the pupils of which, by combining study with work at enterprises, on collective farms and in special work shops, will receive both a complete secondary general and polytechnical education and a special training for a mass trade, depending on the local needs in personnel. (c) Considerably to extend the network of city and village schools which provide their pupils with a secondary school education while they continue to work The new tasks which are being solved by Soviet society persistently advance the need of further increasing the role of the state in the upbringing of children, of increasing the help rendered by the state to the family. The sooner we succeed in providing nurseries, Lindergartens and boarding schools for all the children, the sooner and the more succesfully will we solve the task of the communist upbringing daclopment and strengthening of the collectic farm system, and the rise in the labour activity of the people, In the coming seven-year period the network of scientific insti. tutions will be considerably extended, in particular, in the tastern parts of the country, and the training of scientific personnel will be increased, especially in the most important fields of science. 4 The cinema, press, radio and television will be greatly developed in the coming seven-year period It is planned to bring the total number of cinema projectors up to 110,000-115,000 by the end of 1965. This will make it possible to provide every state farm and collective farm with a cinema projcctor. It is planned considerably to increase the number of public libraries and clubs in 1959-1965 The further development of physical culture, sports and tourism will be ensured One hundred new TV centres and TV stations will be built, TV facilities will be provided in the capitals of all the Unionre publics, in large industrial centres and the rural districts around them. The number of radios will increase by almost 30 million in 1965, which will include 12.5 million TV sets. In 1965 the number of books published will increase to 1600, million copies, the number of magazines printed will be increased more than twofold, and the annual circulation of newspapers will be more than 15 times as great. Soviet literature and art, which play an important role in communist construction and in the upbringing of the new man, should, under modern conditions, strengthen their ties with the life of the people esen more, and should more Tully reflect the efforts of the Soviet people directed towards building a communist society. Workers in the fields of literature, cibema, theatre, music, sculpture and painting are called upon to raise the ideological and artistic level of their work, to continue to be active helpers of the Party and the state in the cause of the communist upbringing of the working people, in the development of a multi-national socialist culture, in the formation of high aesthetic tastes, and in the propagation of the principles of communust morale. S V1. Joternatiopal Significance of the Serco-Year Plan for the Derelopment of the National Economy of the USSR. The experience of the construction of socialism and cople dcpends on their successful development. The further prospects for technical progress are determined at the present time first of all by the achievements in the basic trends of physics. The efforts of Soviet physicists will be concentrated on the solution of problems of cosmic rays, nuclear reactions, and semiconductors. Work in mathematics is of great theoretical and practical importance to the development of many branches of science and practice. Work in the field of computative mathematics is of great theorctical and practical importance for the development of many branches of science and practice. In particular, the successes of computative mathem matics are directly connected with the development of automation. In the field of the chemical sciences, a most important task is the all-possible extension of theoretical studies which contribute to the development of new, modern technological processes and the creation of synthetic materials possessing properties that satisfy the demands of modern technique. The development of biology is a necessary theoretical prerequisite for the advance of medicine as well as for the agricultural sciences. The importance of the group or biological sciences will rise especially as the achievements of physics and chemistry are used in biology. In this connection such branches of science as biochemistry, agrochemistry, biophysics, microbiology, virusology, selection, and genctics will play an important part. In the field of the technical sciences the chief goal of investigation will be to ensure a qualitative advance in the effective use of implements of labour, raw materials, fuel, and electric energy, in razing labour productivity, reducing production costs and in improving the quality of output while simulta. neously increasing efficiency and the safety of labour. The workers in the field of the social sciences are faced with important tasks They must put out basic works which generalize the laws of social development and the practice of socialist construction, must solve problems connected with the gradual transition to com munism. Criticism of modern revisionism and bourgeois idcology constitutes a most important task of these workers in the social sciences. The significance of the science of economy, which must be closely bound with the planning of the national economy and the entire practice of communist construction, increases under the present conditions of the development of the nattonal cconomy of the USSR, the success. ful scorganization of the management of industry and construction the 84 S017Union wil outstrip, and for other items, approach the present level of industrial output in the United States. By this time, the gross aod per capita output of the most important agricultural products will live exceeded the present level in the United States. The superiority of the USSR in the rate of growth of production will create a real basis for overtaking and outstripping the United States within approrimately five years following 1965, for the lescl of per capita output. Thus, by this time, or perhaps cien carlier, the Sovict Union will have moved to first place in the world both in gross and rer capita output, which will ensure the world's highest living standards of the population. It will be an epoch-making victory of socialism in the peaceful competition with capitalism 3. The international significance of the Seven-Year Pian lics in the fact that its fulfilment means further consolidation of the might of the world system of socialism. The Seven-Year Plan envisages an all-round development of the economic co-operation of the Soviet Union with all socialist countries. Whereas the capitalist world is characterised by ever-growing anarchy of production, crises and fierce competition among monopoles and among bourgeois stales, in the world socialist system there operates the law of planned economic development, fraternal ties among countries are being strengthened, erchange of experience is being extended and close cconomic cooperation and friendly mutual assistance are being expanded. During the seven-year period, industrial and agricultural production and the material and cultural standards of the population will grow in the Soviet Union as well as in all socialist countries. The fulfilment of the Seven-Year Plan will bring about a considerable increase in the share of the Soviet Union and the entire system of socialism in world industrial output. Whereas in 1917 the share of the Soviet country in world industrial output was less than 3 per cent, and in 1937, about 10 per cent, in 1958 the Soviet Union's shart in world output will reach almost 20 per cent. As to the entire system of socialism, it accounts for about a third of the entise industrial output of the world. Estimates show that in 1965 the countries of socialism will turn out more than half of the entire industrial produce of the world Thus, duning this short period absolute superiority of the world system of socialism over the capttaliss system in the production of naaterial values, the decisive sphere of human activity, Hill be ensured. The Seven-Year Plan for the Development of the National Ecomunism in our country has international significance, V.I. Lenin foresaw that the Soviet Union would exert chief influence on the entire course of world development by its economic construction. "If Russia", Lenin said, “becomes covered with a dense network of electric stations and powerful technical installations, our communist economic construction will become a model for future socialist Europe and Asia." The successful implementation of the five-year plans by the Soviet Union has demonstrated before the whole world the advantages of the socialist system of economy over the capitalist one and promoted the change in the correlation of forces of capitalism and socialism on the world scale in favour of socialism, Of greatest international significance are the national economic plans implemented in our days by the Soviet Union, the People's Republic of China, by all countries of the socialist camr. The realisation of the Seven-ycar Plan for the Desclopment of the National Economy (1959-1965) will be a new highly important stage in the peaceful economic competition of the two systems--the socialist and capitalist, The main feature of the Seven-Year Plan lics in ensuring further economic development of the country and an inprovement in the lisa ing standards of the people and thereby scoring victory over the capitalist countries in peaceful competition. This plan is an expression of the Soviet Union's consistent policy of peace, of the Leninist principle of peaceful co-existence as opposed to the aggressive policy of the imperialist countries following the course of the militarisation of economy, rabid arms drive and preparation for a new war. The great targets of the Seven-Year Plan, aimed at a further rapid upsurge of the productive forces of the society, creation of an abun. dance of matcrial and cultural wealth for the working people, testify to the unconquerable vitality of socialism, 10 ils undisputed economic and social superiority over moribund capitalism. The successes of the upbuilding of socialism and communism in the USSR and the countries of the socialist camp considerably speed up the develop meat of mankind along the road of peace and progress, 2. As a result of the fulfilment of the Seven-Year Plan, the Soviet Union's per capita industrial output will be ligher than the present output in the most developed capitalist countries of Europc-Britain and West Germany and will advance to first place in Europe, In 1965, for the gross output of some most important items, the working class, all progressive mankind see their own future in communist construction in the USSR, in all socialist countries. The world socialist system is the greatest gain and pride of the working people of all countries By actively supporting the upbuilding of a new socicly in the Soviet Union, the People's Republic of China, in all socialist countries, and guarding it against the intrigues of imperialisi Traction, the working people are fulfiting their international duty. The development and flourishing of the USSR and the world system of socialism facilitate the struggle of the worling class and all toilers of the capitalist countries for their vital intereste, for peace, for democracy, for socialisna The example of the Soviet Union, the People's Republic of China, of all People's Democracics shons to all the exploited and oppressed the ineshaustible creative abilities of a working people who have become masters of their destiny. The Seven-Year Plan for the Development of the National Economy of the USSR, the successes of the upbuilding of socialism in the USSR and all socialist countries lay bare the inventions of our enc mies to the effect that socialist revolution brings with it the destruction of civilisation. As a matter of fact, only under socialism begins rapid, really mass movement forward in all spheres of public and private life, a rapid growth of material production, an improvement in the wel-being of the working people, an unheard-of flourishing of science and culture Only the socialist revolution enabled the Soviet Union to turn from a backward, 123f-literate country into an advanced industrial power setting before itself a perfectly practicable task of advancing, within a historically short period of time, to first place is the world in guaranteeing the material and cultural well-being of its citizens Unable to conceal the great victories of socialist construction in the USSR and the People's Democracies from the population of their countries, the enemies of socialism are doing their utmost to discredit these victories, to present them as some threat to the cause of peace and thereby to divert the attention of the working people from the ulcers and vices of the capitalist system which they are trying to save through the intensification of the cold war and the arms drive, through unleashing wars ia different parts of the world and intensifying reaction in their couniries. The successes of the Soviet Union and other socialist countries, far from threatening anyone, are a guarantee of the preservation of $9 nomy of the USSR opens up new, truly remarkable prospects for the development of the economic, scientific and technical co-operation of socialist states, which will help to bring out more fully all advantages inherent in the world system of socialism and will speed up economic progress in every socialist country, The further inter-state specialisation and co-operation of production through comradely co-ordination in the plans of interconnected branches of national economy will signify a new stage in the development of international division of labour in socialist countries. Rational distribution of production ensuring a harmonious combination of the national interests of every socialist state and the interests of the consolidation and development of the entire socialist camp is one of the most important sources of stepping up the rate of growth of the productive forces in all socialist countries. 4 The Soviet Union is constantly extending its international economic contacts. Whereas in 1946 the Soviet Union traded with 40 countries, at the present time trade is conducted with more than 70 countries. The target figures provided for a further extension of foreign trade, In 1965, the Soviet Union's trade turnover with socialist countries will register a more than 50 per cent increase over 1958. The Soviet Union's economic ties with economically under-developed countries are growing; in 1957 the Soviet Union's trade with them was more than five-fold the 1953 level The Soviet Union expects that its economic contacts with these countries will steadily continue to grow. Trade between the Soviet Union and the capitalist countries shows that the development of foreign trade contacts irrespective of the economic and political systems of states is not only possible but also indispensable for normal relations between countries. The economic programme of peaceful construction in the USSR for 1959-1965 opens up broad prospects for the development of the foreign trade of the Soviet Union. The USSR can, and is prepared to develop cconomic contacts and trade with all countries. 5. The implementation of the Seven-Year Plan will be fresh proof of the fulfilment by the working people of the Soviet Union of their international duty to the working people of all countries, the international communist and labous movement, to all progressive mankind. The interests of the working people of the USSR fully coincide with the vital interests of the working people of the whole world. The Marxist-Leninist teact that war can be averted in the present cpoch. 7. The Seven-Year Plan for the Developroent of the National Economy of the USSR is a living embodiment of the Leninist ide33 of building communist in our country, of the all-conquering force of Marxism-Leninism. Marxism-Leninism teaches that practice is the criterion of the truth. The successes of communist construction in the USSR are the best proof of the correctness of the Leninist general line of the Coromunist Party. The Seven-Year Plan is graphic evidence of the great vital force of the Marxist-Leninist theory, which affirms that in the development of socialist revolution and socialist construction in different countries there exist basic common laws inherent to all countries embarking upon this road, At the same time, the decline and decay in the countries of capitalism are an irrefutable proof of the reactionary nature and doom of the capitalist order, of the futility of the reformist and revisionist attempts to “improve and embellish capitalism, to slur oxer its gaping uicers and antagonistic contradictions. The attempts of the revisionists to emasculate and distort Marxism, to sow discord in the fraternal family of the socialist countries are doomed to failure. The Seven-Year Pian 15 3 staggering blow to bourgeois ideology, to international reformism and revisionism The economic and political results of the competition of the two systems and the prospects of their further development convincingly testify that the onward march of socialism is irresistible, that its victory in peaceful competition with capitalism is inevitable. VII. The Communist Parts—the Leading and Organising Force of the Soriet People in the Struggle for the Victory of Communism, The great successes in the development of socialist industry, agriculture, science and culture, in increasing the material well-being of the working people, are the result of the tireless creative work of the Soviet people and the enormous political and organisational work of the Communist Party, consistently implementing the Leninist general line. As a result of the steady implementation of the epoch-making decisions of the Twentieth Congress of the CPSU, the leading role of 91 peace and the security of peoples, 6. In the present international situation, poisoned as it is by imperialist provocations, the arms drive and the threats of the most terrible annihilating war, the Seven-Year Plan for the Development of the National Economy of the Soviet Union is a powerful means of preserving and strengthening peace. Peace is indispensable for the fulfilment and overſulfilment of the colossal tasks set at the new stage of communist construction. The Seven-Year Plan is another testimony that in the Soviet Union and the entire world socialist system there are no, nor can there be any, social forces interested in outer expansion, in international tension, in predatory aggressive wars. Jointly with other socialist countries, the Soviet Union is waging an untiring struggle in defence of peace, against the threat of a nek devastating war The whole world know's the repeated proposals of the Soviet government for general disarmament, the prohibition of the manufacture and use of nuclear weapons, for ensuring European security. The Soviet Union advocates resolutely universal termination of nuclear weapons tests The policy of peace and peaceful co-existence conducted by the countries of socialisni is not a fortuitous or transient phenomenon; it is organically inherent in socialist society. The policy of peace is insepa rable from socialism, just as the policy of aggression and war is inseparable from imperialism. The Seven Year Plan is a concrete offer of the Soviet Union to the capitalist world to compete in peaceful economic pursuits, for The Soviet Union is against competition in the arms race, in which the imperialist quarters of Western powers engage. The Soviet people cannot be intimidated by sabre-rattling. The selfless labour of the workers, collective farmers and people of science, the high lighting capacity of the Soviet Army, the consolidation of the might of the entire socialist camp are an earnest that the schemes of the imperialists to disrupt peace will be frustrated. The realisation of the Seven-Year Plan will bring about further consolidation of the economic and defensive power, of the unity anu solidarity of the world socialist system, will greatly strengthen the posstions of the peace-loving forces throughout the world, put up now in. surmountable obstacles on the path of the warmongers, and will be a new corroboration of the correctness of the XX CPSU Congress' lopment of the creative activity and initiative of the masses of the working people. The Party has reinforced the key branches of the national economy with cadres and has considerably improved ideological work, subordinating it to the solution of concrete tasis of communist construction 2. The target figures for the development of the national cconomy of the USSR in 1959-1965, submitted for the consideration of the Special Twenty-first CPSU Congress, reflect 3 new stage in our country's progress along the road to communism. Drawing up the great plans of communist construction, the Party resorts to the incrhausti. ble sources of the people's creative energy as the decisive factor for the successful implementation of these plaas. The task of the Party and its focal organisations is to continue in the future indefatigably to expand and consolidate their contacts with the masses, to enlighten and organise them, and, at the same time, constantly to learn from the masses, to generalise and popularise their experience. We must always bear in mind the great Lenin's behest : "In order to serve the masses and to express their properly-conceived interests, the vanguard, the organtsation, should conduct all its work among the masses, drawing in all their best forces without exception, checking at every step, thoroughly and objectively, whether contact is maintained with the masses, and whethes it is alive. Thus, and only thus, does the vanguard educale and enlighten the masses, expressing their interests, teaching them to organise, directing all the masses' activities along the road of class conscious policy." The success of the Seven-Year Plaa will be decided directly at the enterprises and construction projects, in the collective farms and state farms, in the scientific institutions, in the Party, government, economic trade union and YCL organisations. This tends to enhance still more the role of the primary Party organisations whuch are called upon to inspire the masses to the fulfilment of concrete production tasks. We must see to it that each Party orgabisation constantly improves the forms of organisational and political work among the masses, educaling Soviet people in the spirit of understanding the importance of the tasks confronting our country and strict observance of state and labour discipline so that all Communists be active fighters for the fulfilment and oserfulfilment of the plan figures by enterprises and construction projects, by collective farms and state farmas, for the further 93 the Party in the struggle for the fulfilment of plans for communist construction and in the state, social, economic and cultural life of the country has grown still more, the unity and cohesion of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union have become stronger. The Party and the people have come closer, the Party's contacts with the masses have expanded and strengthened immeasurably, and the Party has acquired rich experience in its political and organisational activities among strata of the working people. The Leninist Central Committee and local Party organisations, wlule cradicating the consequences of the personality cult, have conducted a resolute struggle for the restoration and further development of the Leninist norms of inner-party life and the Leninist collective principles in Party and state leadership. In solving problems of communist construction, our Party, its Central Committee, constantly seek the advice of the workers, collective farmers and intelligentsia, rely on their experience and knowledge, and heed their suggestions and critical remarks. Such measures as the nation-wide discussion of draft bills on important problems of state, economic and cultural development, the convening of conferences of workers in various branches of the national economy, science and culture, and appeals to the working people on vital problems of the coustry's life, have become part and parcel of the Party's work and have strengthened still more its ties with the masses. Implementing the decisions of the Twentieth Congress of the CPSU and relying on the great power of the masses of the people, the Party has carried out in recent years radical measures for the improvement of the management of the national economy. Chicf among these measures are : re-organisation of the management of industry and construction, the organisation of Economic Councils in the economic administrative areas, the extension of the rights of the Union Republics, local organs and enterprises, the re-organisation and strengthening of planning bodics, the drawing up of long-range national economic plans, the re-organisation of the machine-and-tractor stations and the implementation of measures for the further development of the collective farm system, the change in the system of procurement and the fixing of uniform prices for farm produce, the extension of the rights and the re-organisation of the work of the frade unions, etc. All this signifies the triumph of the Leninist principles of demo. cratic centralism, ensuring the proper combination of centralised management of communist construction with the maximum deve 92 Feasants and the friendship of the peoples of the USSR. There mtasures Forked out and executed by the Party, besides being practica! importance, are of great theoretical value. The Party boldly blazes Dew fraus into the future. And all this is a manifestation of line Marxism-Leninism in action, of the unbreakable unity of theory and practice and the further enrichment of theory with the cxpcriener of communist upbuilding. Creatively developing Marxism-Leninism, the Party wages a Tesolute struggle against those who cling to old outmoded forms and methods of work, who are infected with conservatism and resist the implementation of the Party's Leninist general line, The June plenum of the CC of the CPSU exposed and defeated the anti-Party group of Malenkov, Kaganovich, Molotov, Bulganin and Shepilov who, sided with them which had fought against the Party's Leninist general line, against the political line adopted at the Twentieth CPSU Congress, against the leading role of the Party, and had taken to the path of factional splitting activities. The anti-Party group came out against such urgent and vitally important measures as the development of virgin and long-fallow lands, the reorganisation of national economic planning, especially in agricultural production, the reorganisation of the management of industry and construction against the Party's macasures aimed at further raising the working people's wellbeing and also against the Party's foreign policy which is aimed at relating international tension, consolidating the peace, developing co. operation and strengthening friendship among peoples. Having cast the anti-Party group aside from its path, our Party has stali more consolidated the Leninist upity of its ranks and rated them stal closer under the great banner of Marxism-Leninisms. The further strengthening of our state, the intensification of its economic, organisational, cultural and educational activities are important prerequisites for the successful ſulfilment of the Seven-Year Plan for the Development of the National Economy. In recent years the Party and the Government have put through a number of important measures ensuring the further development of Sovicldemocracy and the strengthening of socialist faw. The elections to the USSR Supreme Sosiet in March 1958 were a most vivid manifestation of the triumph of socialist democracy, Ovir 133 mulion people, almost 100 per cent of the total voters, cast their ballots for the candidates of the people's bloc of Communist cphancement of our country's might. 3. The greatness of the tasks advanced by the Seven-Year Plan requires a further development of the communist consciousness of the masses of the working people, the intensification of the Marxist- Leninist education of our cadres, of all Soviet people. All means of the Party's ideological work propaganda, agitation, the press, radio, science, literature, art-must be employed for the successful imple mentation of the tasks of communist construction, We must work even more persistently to tie up ideological work ever more closcly to the solution of practical problems, to ensure that communists master theory and experience of the CPSU, to increase political vigilance and conduct as irreconcilable struggle against bourgeois ideology and the different brands of revisionist ideas, All leading cadres must participate most actively and directly in propaganda and agitation work, Without their personal participation in the education of the masses, Lenin pointed out, there can be neither real political activity, nor organisational work The strength of the Communist Party lies in its fidelity to Marxism-Leninism, in the creative application and development of the theory of scientific communism The founders of Marxism had scientifically proved the historical inevitability of the victory of communism and revealed the basic laws applying to the building of socialism and communism, but they did not and could not set themselves the task of determining in detail the concrete says and means of building a communist society Knowledge of the laws of social development and a deep study of the masses' experience make it possible for our Party and all fraterdal Communist and Workers' Parties to develop creativcly the Martist- Leninist theory, to solve new problems of great theoretical and pracss. cal importance put forward by life itself. The decisions of the Twentieth Congress of the CPSU and the decisions of the plcnums of the CC of the CPSU, which represent a progranunc for communist construction in our country, are concrete examples of the creativc develop ment of the Marxist-Leninist theory In recent years important measure flave been taken in our country to strengthen the economic might of the Soviet state, to ensure stue further upsurge of industry and agrsculture, the Nourishing of science and technology, the steady growth of the people's ucll-being, to deve- Jop socialist democracy, to consolidate the union of workers and when our cadres have developed and acquired experience of manas. ing economic and cultural construction, it has become possible to reduce considerably staffs in central, republican, territorial, regional, city and district government and economic bodies, and also in cconomic departments and trusts, at industrial enterprises, construction devc. lopments, on transport, in trade and communications, in the collective farms, state farms and repair and technical service stations, and to transfer the personnel released to work in production. All this should be carried out both by reducing existing staffs and, mainly, by reorganising and amalgamaling administrative management units. Implementation of such measures will make it possible to con. siderably reduce costs of maintaining the managerial apparatus and at the same time will bring management closer to production and will raise the efficiency of this management to a higher level. Accordingly, measures should be taken to reorganise and reduce the staffs of Party, trade union, YCL and other public organisations, 5. An important part in the mobilisation of the masses of the working people for the successful implementation of the plan for the development of the Soviet Union's national economy in 1959-1965 belongs to the trade unions being organisations with the largest membership, uniting in their ranks over 50 million workers and office employees The activities of the trade unions are directed by the Party and are inseparable from the people's heroic struggle for the victory of communism Of late trade union organisations have drawn in the masses to an even greater extent to help manage the economy and they have dealt more thoroughly with problems of production, ratc setting and wages, working more actively for increasing labour productivity. The activities of the trade unions in the improvement of working and living conditions of the workers and office employees, in implementing housing programmes and other measures for the steady raising of the working people's living standards have grown appreciably. The struggle for the implementation of the great programme of communist construction outlined in the seven-year plan represents the most vital, the most important task of trade union organisations They are called upon to mobilise the working class and all working people for the fulfilment and overfulfilment of the state plan at each enterprisc, to develop still further socialist emulation which is a tried and tested method of communist construction in our country. It is ncoessary to develop such forms of attraeting the masses to industrial 97 and non-Party members. The wonderful results of the elections to th: USSR Suprem: Soviet and the results of the nation-wide discussion of important measures for the re-organisation of the management of industry and construction and for the further development of the collective farm system, convincingly bespeak the working people's universal support and ardeat approval of the policy of our Leninist Party, the monolithic unity and unbreakable cohesion of all the peoples of the Soviet Union around the Communist Party. Only a socialist, a really popular, democracy is capable of bringing out the talents of the working people and providing an outlet to the inexhaustible reserves of the people's creative energy. The greater the activities of the masses and the more majestic the problems of communist construction, the wider the scope of the socialist state's organisational activity, the greater its role in the building of communism. As our society advances towards communism, the activities of the Soviets of Working People's Deputies in guiding economic and cultural construction acquire ever greater scope. The republican, territorial, regional, city, district, village, and rural Sovicts should deal daily with the important problems concerning the work of industrial enterprises and construction devclopments, collective farms and state farms in fulfilling the targets of the Seven-Year Plan; they m'ışt cnsure the fullest utilisation of all possibilities and local resources for boosting production, they must see to unproving the well-being ani culture of the people to the fulfilment of housing, cultural and public service construction plans; they must develop and support the creative initiative of the masses. In order to cope with these tasks government bodies are bound continuously to enhance their contacts with the masses, to nip in the bud cases of red tape and bureaucracy. to make cheaper and improve government and economic management, The experience in the reorganisation of the management of industry construction and agriculture, the bringing of management closer to production, have revealed the enormous possibilities for considerably reducing and simpufying the administrative apparatuses of government, economic and other organizations, The question is not one of a routine, mechanical seduction of some part of cristing stalls, but one of radical measures to make it possible considerably to simplify administrative apparatuses in the centre and in the localities in order to make them more efficient, more competent and economical. Now, 96 important, the most priceless thing in the life of Soviet min--ford for the benefit of society. At this new stage in the development of our country, the YCL and the entire Soviel youth are confronted with still morc majestic lasks The great programme of building communism opens up enormous vistas for the greater creative initiative of young men and womes Members of the YCL, all youths and girls of our country, should undertake with still greater energy the development of the natural resources of Siberia, the North, the Far East, and Kazakhstan. The YCL will have to take a great and active part in industrial, house ing, cultural and public services construction, in work for the further development of socialist agriculture, in patronage over the important construction projects of heavy industry. YCL members must continue to serve as an example to the whole youth in highly productive, selfless labour Communismi presupposes the all-round spiritual and physical development of man. Consequently, special atiention should be paid to the formation of a communist outlook in the youth, to the upbringing of active, conscious builders of communist society devotedly loving their country and hating its enemies The youth should ably and persistently combine work in industry with studies, kcep abreast of modern knowledge and master the achievements of socialist culture. The Soviet school, which is called upon to prepare the youth for life and userul Sabour, plays an important role in the communist upbringing of the rising generation The Leninist YCL is to take an active part in the scorganisation of the system of public education contemplated by the Party. It is necessary to strengthen connections between school and industry, to inabue the Young Pioneess and school children with love and cespect for manual labour, with the desire to master knowledge, technology and to harden their bodies. The struggle for the implementation of the seven-year plan will require the constant improvement of the YCL's organisational and educational work among the masses of the youth. It must be seen to it that every YCL organisation becomes a militant, active collective closely connected with the whole of the youth. The source of the YCL's strength and creative activity lies in the Party's guidance. Communisis must display constant concern for the growth and strengthening of YCL organisations, helping them to improve educational and organisssional work among the youth and involving them in solving the 99 management as the standing production councils, meetings of workers, managerial personnel and trade union functionaries, The trade unions must continue to improve their work in the field of housing and everyday services for the workers and office employees, to enhance their control over labour protection in industry, the fulfilment of housing construction plans, the distribution of house ing. the work of trade and catering establishments and medical and public services for the working people. Trade union organisations must intensify educational work among the masses and must perform better their role of an educational organisation, of a school of communism, and persistently foster in the work ing people Soviet patriotism, intolerance of shortcomings, a socialist attitude towards work and public property; they must back up innovators and foremost workers, popularise their experience still more and arouse public indignation against bodgers, shirkers and loafers. Trade union organisations, jointly with Party and YCL organisations, are bound to pay special attention to the necessity of cradioating such features alien to socialist society as hoodlumism, drunken. ness, bribery, protillering and other repulsive vestiges of the past. The trade unions can successfully carry out their tasks only if they raise the level of their organisational work still higher enlisting the support of active members and developing the initiative of the trade union members. 6. The Leninist Young Communist League which unites in its ranks 18 million young people has always been the Party's true aid in carrying out plans of communist construction. In recent years the YCL and the entire Soviet youth have played an outstanding role in the solution of such tasks of great importance to the Statc as the deve lopment of the virgin and long-fallow lands, the construction of impostant enterprises in the country's East, the accelaration of the construction of enterprises of the iron and steel, coal, and chemical industries. This is a manifestation of the militant spirit, ideological firmness and communist consciousness of the Sovici youth who wholchcartedly respond to the Party's appeals. The Party and the people highly value the heroic labour of the young men and women of our country. Inspired by the confidence of the Parly, the Soviet youtlı grow and mature in struggle and labour. Expericncing the great happiness of creation, of building a new life, our youth enrich themselves spiri. tually, obtain revolutionary hardiness, Icarn to value and love the moss OR pery Communist for the fulfilment of state tasks, to enhance the role of the local Soviets, trade unions and the YCL in carrying out the plans of communist construction Consideration and approval by the Twenty-first CPSU Congress of the target figures for the development of the national economy of the L'SSR 1n 1959-1965 will be a great event in the life of the Party and the Soviet people. Party, Government, trade union and YCL organisations will do their utmost to mobilise the working people of our country for the successful implementation of the Congress' decisions, will rally still closer the workers, collective farmers and intelligentsia around the Communist Party, and will lead them to battle for the triumph of the history-making programme of communist construction. (Pranda, Nov. 14. in full.) Published by the laormation Departent of the USSR Embassy in lodia, 25, Barakhamba Road, New Delhi and printed at the New India Prats, Connaught Currus, New Delhi.

major tasks of economic and cultural development. 7. As a result of the triumph of socialism, the Soviet Union has entered a new historical stage of gradual transition from socialism to communism. The long-range plan for the development of the Soviet Union in the next 15 years provides for the creation of the necessary conditions for completing the transition to communism. The imple mentation of the Seven-Year Plan for the Development of the Nation al Economy of the USSR (1959-1965) will be a decisive stage in the creation of the material and technical base of communism. Outlining great plan for building communism, the Party is confident that this time too they will be successfully carricd out. We are able to make a new big step towards communism because all the necessary prerequisites for this have been created in the country, We have a mighty technically developed socialist industry and a rapidly advancing large-scale mechanised agriculture. The reorganisation of the management of industry and construction, the grea achievements in the development of science and technology, the vast natural rom sources of the country, the inexhaustible sources of power, provide big opportunities for the fuller and more effective utilisation of rich reserves for the rapid development of all branches of the Soviet Union's national cconomy The construction of a communist socicty is the live creative work of the multi-million masses of the people. The Sovict people will regard the new Seven-Year Plan as their own vital task, and there can be no doubt that they will work for its implementation with the enersy. enthusiasm and initiative inherent to them Our country possessCS wonderful cadres capable of successfully and correctly solving the most complex tasks or cconomic development Our Leninist Party is strong and monolithic as never bcfore. It rallies and organises the masses and leads them to the cherished goal along the most correct roads. The main task of the Communist Party and its Central Com mittee today is to ensure the absolute implementation of the Seven. Year Plan for the development of the country economy, thereby enhancing still morc ifte might of our country and raising the material and cultural standards of the people To cope successfully will this historic task, the Party must continue, following the Leninist principles of leadership, constantly to strengthen its ties with the masses, the unity of its ranks, to develop further criticism and self-criticism, to dculup initiative and to add to the responsibility of every Party organisation, sm

No text on this page.

Front matter

Challenge In Eastern Europe