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·SIA:M:
SOME GENERAL REMARKS
ON ITS
PRODUCTIONS,
AND PARTICULARLY
ON ITS IMPORTS AND EXPORTS,
AND
THE MODE OF TRANSACTING BUSINESS WITH TIIE PEOPLE.
BY
D. E. MALLOCH.
AnVUNNU
CALCUTTA!
PRINTED BY J. THOMAS AT THE BAPTIST MISSION PRESS.
1852.

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·CONTENTS ANNA ... II. .. coo II. ... ... . .. ITA PIC II. .. ....14 ... SIAM-General Remarks on the Climate, Soil and Manuers of the People, with the mode of transacting business, • Page 1 Presents for the King, 3 Holidays, --Business Scason, 6 Population, ... ib. Climate and Producc,... ... ib. Chinese Immigrants, ... 8 Habits of the People, ... . Wants of the People-their dress, 10 Marriage Ceremony, ... 12 Royal Funeral, . ... ib. Opium extensively used, ... 13 Treasury, . ".. ... Fires, ib. The Language, .. ... ... 15 The Siamese quiet, peaccable and timid, ib. No regular Army, ... Burmose Captives, ... ib. Not prejudiced against other Religions, ... 18 The King,... 19 Roads, ... ... ... Religion, ... 20 Miscellaneous Remarks, .. 22 Portuguese Residents, 23 Fruits and Vegetables, ... *** Temperature, 25 Prospective Relations, ". . A present Statement~the Capabilities, ... The Lao and other countries, ... 29 II .. 46 I. ... ... 1. ib. ... ... . : ... ... II ... ... 24 ... *** II. 26 . 27 :

·iy
33
52.
... 56
59
64
PRODUCTIONS OF SIAM.
Amount and Value of Annual Exports,...
.
.
British Piece Goods imported into Siam,
Imports of Indian Goods, ...
...
Imports of China Goods,
Annual Revenue of Siam,
Number of Junks and Vessels of all descriptions trading to şiam
annually, slowing the Quantity of Tonnago,
Coins, Weights and Mcasui es in Siam,
Scales of Wages, &c., at Siam,
Names of Provinces, Cities, Towns and Villages of Siam,
Vocabulary of the Slamo.se Language,
...
65
67
68
...
...
70
74
.

·PANJOHT Vidli SI A 1839 M. GENERAL REMARKS. ON THE CLIMATE, SOIL AND MANNERS OF THE PEOPLE, WITH THE MODE OF TRANSACTING BUSINESS. A BRITISH Merchant, Supercargo, or Commander of a ship or vessel visiting Siam on mercantile or other pursuits, must, on arriving off the Bar, (three miles distant from Paknam,) at the mouth of the river Menum, come to anchor, and go on shore and report his arrival and wishes to the Governor of that place; when that authority will imme. diately convey by a bo&t the necessary intelligence to the Praklang, or Minister of Trade and Foreign Affairs, in order to obtain the King's permission for the vessel to proceed to Bangkok, the capital of Siam, where the King resides. On the following day an order from His Majesty through the Praklang to the Governor of Paknam, will announce that permission has been granted for the ship to proceed up to Bangkok. After getting over the Bar, (a soft sandbank with 3 to 34 fathams water on it) the river from Paknam to Bangkok, a distance of thirty miles, is clear and safe in all parts, throughout the entire passage from shore to shore, før the largest ships, there being never less than five fathoms water ; there is consequently no necessity for a Pilota although a person under that designation is invariably sent on board in that capacity and as Interpreter ; but whose real character corresponds more with that of a spy. On the arrival of the vessel at Bangkok, the Commander or Supercargo must go on shore and report himself to the Praklang, with a Manifest of the cargo, who will appoint a day to receive musters of the various goods, and speak with you on the object of your visit to Siam.

·• 2 The Praklang will at this meeting appoint a day to receive mojters of your various goods, which generally happens two days after your arrival, when he, the Government merchants, and principal Intera' Ureters assemble in a shed near the Minister's house, for the purpose of ascertaining the prices. You may now expect to be daily attending for at least ten days to settle the prices at which you intend to sell. Should you find it necessary you must endeavour to put off this meet. ing for a day or two, in order to ascertain what vessels have arrived, what description of goods they have brought, and how the market is supplied with goods similar to those you have brought and the selling 'bazar rates,' wļich you can only do by going to the bazar, or rather sending a trustworthy person under pretence of purchasing musters of similar goods to those you have got, giving him fifty ticals or so for that purpose, in order to induce them to believe you are in earnest ; and as all the goods the shop-keepers have, are exhibited in their shops to open view, one day will suffice to satisfy you fully on this subject, und aid you greatly in preparing a memorandum of your goods and prices for the Government merchants. Ilaving satisfied yourself as to the bazar prices and other particulars, you may then send for the Port-Captain or first Interpreter, Jose Peadade, and tell him to inform the Praklang, you háve prepared a memorandum of your goods and their selling prices, in order to ascertain the quantity of goods required for the Government, ministers and nobility; and to fix a, Jay for the delivery of His Majesty's and others' presents. Viere you must expect to meet with very great annoyances for ten days, as before stated, in their devising by every trick and maneuvre in their power to reduce your prices. You must, therefore, however much you may feel annoyed, be especially on your guard, not to let them discover the smallest symptoms of anger, or of being irritated by them ; for if they once discover you have lost your temper and ‘are angry with them and they are far from being slow of discernment in his respect) they will be quite pleased and delighted, and conside. their object to cause you to reduce your prices, as already and completely obtained, though they will, pretend to leave you, apparently very much grieved and offended, and not see you agaili for several days. In this way all intercourse of business will be interrupted, and until you have settled with the Government at what rate ·. 3. . you can dispose of your goods to them, you will not be allowed to sell one single pice worth to the bazar people ; and even if they were to purchase a single rupee's worth from you previously to this settlement, they would be geverely fined and logged: Under such circumstances, you must always bear in mind that the 'great and chief object, in order to obtain your end, is, under such insults and annoyances as you mast expect to experience, to keep your temper as even and unruffled as possible, and always, appear pleased with them, (particularly the Praklang,) which is no light or easy task for one possessed of even a moderate temper. It is in a great measure owing to the Praklang and his brother Pya Sipad's ambitiousøviews, more particularly those of the former, that merchants have met with so many obstacles in the freedom of trade. Great annoyances are also experienced from the Portuguese Christians (born in the country) of whom there are nearly, 1000, and they have always been known to be the dirtiest, laziest, and most unconscionable villains in the country, yniting chicanery with prevarication; to deal with them, the British metchant finds all his cate and attention extremely requisite. They are much attached to the Government, having been all brought up and born in the country, and they withhold all information which they may in any way conceive detrimental to it. The greatest hatred of us prevails likewise, among the other class (Chulias) from motives of a religious nature, and they take great delight in doing us all the mischief they can in our dcaling with the shop-keepers, in order to benefit themselres and their own caste. PRESENTS FOR THE KING &c. Ilaving now settled your prices it will be necessary to declare the presents you intend for the King, 2nd King and Praklang. They know very well the value of gold and silver articles and precious stones, so you must not gives them any of these ; but give them such goods as are of a dashing appearance and look well at a distance; but which in reality are of no great value ; because your return presents will not exceed one-half of the amount you give. The following articles would be #cceptable and prized for the Ladies of the Palace, and those of the Praklang and Nobility: viz. All manner of Ladies' dress pieces, medium quality ;. Muslin and B 2 ·C . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Chintz, star or pretty flower patterns, 10, 20, or 30 yards. Ten yard's make three dresses. Scent Bottles of various sorts, with nice scents, ..O 100 Ticals. Muslin Dresses, patterns as described, 100 Pieces. Chintz ditto, 28 yards, 36 inches wide, ..... 50 Toilet Bottles, not expensive but neat, filled with scents, 24 No. Lavender Water and Eau de Cologne, medium qnality 100 Bottles. Ghazepore Rose Water, put into white quart bottles, do. 100 Musical Boxes, playing 2 to 6 Tunes, 20 No. And for the King 100 Muskets, old with G. R. and Crown marked on them. 6' Fowling pieces with 2 to 6 Barrels. 6 Pistols with ditto. 30 Yards of handsome light blue, bright red, or green Silk Velvet. 2 Osandaliers that look well, with many drops. 6 Bhaugulpore Rugs, 6 by 3 feet. And to the 2nd King, one-fourth of the same articles, without the muskets or pistols. And to the Praklang, one-half of the presents to the 2nd King, with. out the muskets or pistols. To the Port-Captain, 30 Ticals worth of Chintz and other small articues. Having now delivered your presents and settled your business with the Rraklang and Government Officers, and fixed the rates at which the King and they will take şuch portion of your goods as they require, you will then be permitted freely (as they will tell you) to dispose of the remainder to the baar people, and others desirous of purchasing ; but in reality no such permission is ever given, uctil they have first get rid of all they have purchased of you, which is done in a few days ; and any one found dealing with you till then is threatened with being severely flogged and fined, and theaPraklang asąd Government people are very watchful for the heavy fines they would extort from any one found doing.80, so here you may easily imagine how the shop-keepers and others are fettered in their operations, and fearful of dealing with ús till they first see the course clear before them. The people who have purchased the goods you sold to the Government, are always sure to be greatly favoured, in being allowed to extort and cheat without ·the smallest notice being taken of it ; which in some degree compensates them for the high prices they are obliged to pay to the Government for what they parchase from us; and to make any complaint under such circumstances, would be useless, and the sufferer who dares to do so is sure to be always threatened with a flogging for his pains. Almost every person at Bangkok, men and women, are dealers, from the King downwards to the lowest of his subjects. On your obtaining permission to sell freely, you must Bend some persop acquainted with the language into the bazar with musters of your goods for the inspection of the shop-keepers, inviting them at the same time civilly to visit your store or place of business, wherever it may happen to be, either on shore or on board the ship. All sales are effected by barter for sugar, ivory, stick-lac, gamboge, benjamin, or other goods, the produce of the country, as you may require, deliverable on board your vessel, free of all charges on a certain date to be specificd in the agreement made between yourself and the parties with whom you are negociating. You need not be afraid of trusting them, as a regard for their own interest compels them to be honest. In the event, however, of their failing in any instance, to pay or fulfil the conditions of their engager: ment, the circumstance needs only to be brought to the notice of the Praklang, who will immediately issue a summons against them, and enforce payment with heavy costs, generally amounting to upwards of twenty per cent. according to the circumstances of the debtors, besides causing them to be disgraced. In cases in which their failure is known to arise from inability, they are severely punished by a flogging and taken as Government slaves, till some friend or relative comes forward and pays the debt with heavy interest and costs amounting nearly to double the original sum. So far, therefore, protection is afforded by Government to foreigners, which in some degree compensates for the annoyance and loss of time so often experienced in the course of dealing with them. During the three years I remained at Siam, we were paid up every pice owing to us by the bazar people freely, and never had occasion to use legal measures to recover any debto On leaving we had no difficulty in settling accounts fairly with every one, probably from the reasons already stated.

·6 HOLIDAYS-BUSINESS SEASON. The Cutin or great holidays commence at the new moon in October, and last for thirty days, during which time the King appears seven Hays on the river in his State boats, attended by the principal people, in visiting the different 'Pagodas and the Forts at Paknam and Paccalat. It has been said for many years that the King intends reducing the number of days devoted to this festival, as he thinks them too great a waste of time, which might be usefully employed in the administration of Government, and in active employment; but in a letter I had from a friend of mine lately residing at Bangkok, he informs me that no ateration has yet been made. The beginning of October is the Best time for a trading vessel to go to Siam, for during their merry-making holidays, every one who can afford it is anxious to purchase something, so that by the end of December the cargo would be all sold, when produce from the interior begins to arrive, to meet the China, Cochin and Hainan junks, which arrive in January and February, during which time the Government officers, merchants and shop-keepers are entirely occupied in purchasivg from and selling to these junks: a British merchant ought therefore to have all his goods disposed of and his return cargo purchased before they arrive. POPULATION. When we left Siam there were 133,940 inhabitants at Bangkok ; and & a communication I hed at the end of last year with a gentleman froth that place, he estimates the number of inhabitants, taken from the official records at 160,900. He states that 15,000 Chinamen arrive annually in the“Junks from Canton and different other parts of China, the far greater number of whom go to different parts in the katerior of the country, after agricultural and other pursuits. The southern boundary is situated in 5° North latitude, extending 'to 21° North the western limit in the Bay of Bengal is 97° 50' East longitude, its line of eastern boundary is about 105° East. Its exten: is nearly sixteen degrees of latitude with only three million and a half of inhabitants-an extensive country for. so small a population. CBIMATE AND PRODUCE. The climate is extremely healthy throughout, and the soil of the low lands is fertile, rich and well suited for the cultivation of rice, e ·.7 . sugar, &c. equal to the best procurable in Bengal; and the former can be had in great abundance cheaper than in any part of the world, and is exported in large quantities to China and the Malay Coast, with the permission of Government. Sugar was notécultivated till within the last sixty years. Its cultivation is owing solely to Chinese industry, it is rapidly increasing, is equal to the best Dhoba Sugar, and may be increased according to the demand. The mountainous parts of the country, abound with veryo fine Teak timber of two descriptions, similar to that in the Burman Empire. The one which is the best is hard and adapted for ship building; the other is much softer, and as well as the former is plentiful; it' is used for house-building and for furniture. It also produces a large quantity of Sapan-wood of good quality, which is exported to China, Singapore and England, together with Rose-wood, Black-wood or Ebony, Redwood, &c. As the Oak timber becomes scarce in England, this, Teak timber will be much in demand, and that it is now beginning to get so, is evidenced by several cargoes within the last three years having been shipped to England from Moulmein, which sold on arrival to very great advantage. The Siam forests are extensive, and inexhausti. ble and equal to any demand. The timber is floated down the river Minum to Bangkok in rafts as required for ship or house-building. I should imagine that the Sianese Government would be too glad to allow the English to settle in Siam occasionally for a short period, for the purpose of building ships ; pyhich could be done at a more moderate rate than in any other part of India. The Chinese Junks built in Siam cost 25 Ticals per ton, which, at 2.6 per Tical, or 61} cents nearly, is £3-2-0. d do not pretend to say that a ship could be built at this low rate; but one of 400 tons, I have been credibly informed, might, with proper economical management, be built for 20,000 Ticals, under the Superintendence of a proper European carpenter, with the requisite number of Chhamen under bim, who would require to be registered in the Government books, with a proper agreement; so that in the event of their wishing to evade the terms of their agreement for more lucrative employment, 'recourse might be had to legal measures to compel, them to abide by their bargain. To effect this a contract must be entered into with the Government previously, for the delivery of the timber at angiven price ·5 8 on a certain date, so that the workmen may not be detained till it arrives. I dare say in less than twenty years something similar to this will be carried into effect with the Siamese Government on advan.' dageous terms and fair footing, offering every encouragement and assistance to facilitate our business, and to enforce the Chinese mechanics, to fulfil their engagements; so, that being prevented from running away or otherwise acting according to their whims or caprices, their services will be better secured; but in order to bring about all this, we must gradually try to gain the confidence of the Siamese people by behaving kindly to them; and overcome their present jealous feelings towards'us, which can only be effected by correct conduct towards them, honest dealing and good temper : hitherto we bave been viewed by thein only in the light of Pirates, and held in great diead. CHINESE IMMIGRANTS. Considering the extent of Siam, it is thinly peopled, and capable of supporting twice the number of its present inhabitants; but now that the Chinese have seen the beauty of the country, and of late years are arriving annually from Canton, Fokien and different parts of China to the number of 15,000, Siam cannot fail of eventually becoming a country of considerable magnitude and importance as a place of trade. As it now is, it is next to China ia a commercial point of view, of any native state in the East. When I was in Siam I had a memo. randum from the public records, shewing that 12,000 emigrants arrived annuelly from China, of whom the far greater number were from Canton. The Chinamen are well pleased with the country, and their prospects; and the China Junks which bring so many passengers carry very few away. A great many Chinamen arrive annually to see their friends, and on mercantile pursuits, but very few of them find their way back. In this way several Chinese merchants visit Siam annually, and return by the same Jurk, when they have seen the result of the speculation for that year, and have ascertained what will be most suitable for the next. Chinamen are of quick discernment and can soon discover the wants of the people, and are too much alive to their own interest not to pursue it to advantage in their next speculation to that port. If the increase of population progresses so rapidly for the next fifty years, the population will be half as many again as it is now, and ·9. it is reasonable to hope that the trade of the country will increase in proportion to meet the wants of the people. Laboure states that about 150 years ago, there were only three Chinese Junks trading to Siam annually, that there were then only three thousand Chinamen in the country, that the trade was very insignificant and very little produce procurable-sugar was not cultivated till about sixty years ago. If therefore it is reasonable to judge of the future state of things, in a commercial point of view, from the past, we may reasonably conclude that Siam will soon become a place of great importance, indeed it is so now; and it is therefore well worth the attention of British merchants, desirous of speculating to that country to cultivate friendly relations with its inhabitants i order to secure their kind offices when required. IIABITS OF THE PEOPLE. The Siamese are like the Bengalees a quiet and peaceable rade, and like them teo, cowardly and easily managedb??? The Chinese are too much engrossed with their own business, and how to provide for their families, ever to think of warlike or other pursuits, so that there is nothing ever to be apprehended from them in that respect. There . are now more Chinese than Siamese in the country, atd the Chinese being an industrious, quiet, sober and hard working race of people, the country wherever they go to establish themselves, is sure to prosper. Java, Singapore, Penang and Moulmein may be mentioned as instances, and certainly Siam would have been very insignificant without othèm : there is abundance of room for them to immigrate for the next hundred years, as nearly half the country is uncultivated and uninhabited, and the mountainous parts are not cultivated or inhabited at all. Siam owes its growing prosperity to the Chinese ; the Siamese are without exception the most slothful race that ever came under my observation in any country, hence naturally arises their poverty and inability to make any heavy purchases ; they are accustomed to slesp about fourteen hours out of the twenty-four, and being careless about luxuries, they never purchase any article which they really do not want—so that merchant must know well the tastes and wants of the people before he ventures to speculate to that country.

·( The Siamese have no idea of learning any trade or acquiring any line of profession, beside that of becoming priests ; and their reason for this is, their great aversion to all kinds of manuallabour. I believe that three-fourths of the Talapains in Siam enter the priesthood with a view of avoiding hard labour ; otherwise I am sure from what I have seen of them, they would never choose such a line of life, if they could select one more suited to their own feelings and hare their usual quantity of lethargic sleep ; which is, reasonably speaking, 14 hours out of the 24; but the beauty of it is, that they get fat and strong upon it. The Chinese do nearly all the manual labour, and the Government are always too happy at the chance of getting them; because they know they can trust their going on regularly with their work, and having it well done, which they could not do with their own countrymen. WANTS OF THE PEOPLE-THEIR DRESS. I was purticularly careful during the three years I remained in Siam to ascertain well the wants of all classes of the inhabitants, and wnat they were most fond of. The list of imports from different parts will be a good Vade Mecum to guide a merchant desirous of trying a speculation to that country, and what description of goods to take; and it is my opinion that there is no place to which a well selected investment, amounting to about half a lakh of rupees, principally consisting of British abd Indian piece goods, and other small useful articles, could be ventured with more chance of success than to Siam, touching at Tringano and Calantan on the way, with suitable piece goods, and opium for the Malays. You must be particularly careful never to take any thing there, however cheap you may be able to purchase it, which does not accord with their taste, and is very useful ; for they will never buy it at any pricę, though they are always ready to receive any thing, however trifling, as presents. Of late years they have become more fond of dressing gaudily to attend festivals, &c. at late hours : on ordinary occasions the dress of the poor people is merely a piece of cchintz, blue or red, wrapped round the lower part of their bodies, without any head covering. Chintz is the principal article of dress of all classes when at home. The ladies dress finely, particularly those in the palace ; and as the 0 ;

·11 . Siamese are not like the Bengalees, a grecdy and penurious race, they spend their money freely for what they really want. I am in hopes that the influence of the English nation will be effective in producing & material change in their tastes and prejudices some few years hench especially under the reign of a monarch so enlightened as the present, who can read, and write, and speak the English language grammatičally, and that their wants will gradually increasc ; and, as they are not averse to eat any thing that Europeans ,ent, we may in time even induce them to take a fancy to some of the good things and luxuries of England. In order to do this, we must adopt the same policy that the Chinese have done, to cnable them to pay for them. The Siamese dress gaudily ir silks, satins and velvets, to attend marriages and festivals, and these articles of dress are mostly imported from China. These festivals are always celebrated at night, from ten in the evening till day-light next morning; the music forms a very prominent part of their amusement; but dancing is entirely neglected, an.l is not at all liked by them. The colours most esteemed by the Siamese are mentioned in my list of British piece goods, to which I refer you. The Siamese shave their heads, leaving only a small bit of hair on the crown about two inches long and three inches in diameter: the ladies crop the hair short, leaving only a small portion on the crown of their heads, a little larger than that of the men. The ladies when they attend festivals wear a little jewelry only, consisting chiefly of gold bracelets, and , neck chains. The Siamese being very fond of their childrew, drnament them extravagantly with expensive jewelry and precious stones of all descriptions. The Siamese paint their teeth black, and their mouths are always besmeared over with lime, betelnut and pawn, which they constantly use as luxuries, both men and women, to t extravagant degree. They eat and smoke tobacco constantly to such an extent that they seldom desist from it, but when they are asleep, and even then they have got a segar in their mouths or a piece of tobacco. You seldom see a man or woman without a segar or a piece of tobacco in their mouths ; hence the Siamese ladies, according to the European idea of beauty, are only considered blessed with a small proportion of that seductive blandishment. c2 ·12 MARRIAGE CEREMONY. The marriage ceremony of the Siamese is extremely simple; instead of a ring, they only use a small bit of white cotton thread, tied round he right hand of the bride and bridegroom, by one of the nearest relatives, repeating the following words, viz. " Be man and wife till death do part you." To which they swear a solemn oath. ROYAL FUNERAL. The funeral ceremony of the king, and principal personages of the country is very spleHdi 1, according to the Siamese idea of splendour; they embalm the bodies of the king, ministers and nobility, and preserve them sometimes as long as twelve months, during which time they are busily engaged erecting spacious buildings for the purpose of burning the bodies with all the honor due to their tunk. The king who dled in the year 1824, was kept embalmed for twelve months, till the building was finished. - In England such a building could have been got up quite as splendid (according to the Siamese idea of splendour) in a fortnight, but as I have mentioned before, the Siamese are a very slothful and indolent race of people," quite averse to all kinds of manual labour, and require so nfuch rest and sleep, that the length of time occupied in performing any manner of work is easily accounted for. The above piece of · workmanship was however, "principally done by the Chinese, who, being badly paid, and in many instances of this kind, forced to work against their will, take their time to do it. The Siamese have no idea of the value of time, and the government functionaries, being unequal to judge of the length of time required to complete this building, were oftly required to attend daily for a few minutes to inspect and ascertain how the work was progressing, and as they saw the workmen busily engaged when they called, they went away pleased at what the Chinese workmen told them; for these people were always referred to and not the Siamese, on whom they place no reliance, but consider them working under the Chinese merely as ecoolies. This extraordinary building was 400 feet long, painted green and yellow, which are fancy colours in that country, and ornamented with gold and silver trimmings, which have a good effect at a distance ; yet, notwith- ·' 13. standing the extravagant cost of this building, it would be considered in England a very shabby piece of worlemanship, as a receptacle for the body of such a high personage, whose soul they say went into the body of the white Elephant and would be taken great care of there), and treated kindly, hence the value they place on their precious souls. This building might have been erected in England for one-eighth part of the cost, with much better taste, and more substantially. In 1850, the predecessor of the present kigg died; on which occasion similar and more grand and extravagant ceremonies were performed on the remains of his majesty, whose reign of twenty-seven years was quiet, and in peace with all nations, though he walls a natural son and not the legal heir to the throne. OPIUM EXTENSIVELY USED. Opium is used by most of the Chinamen throughout the kingilom, as well as by many of the Siamese who can afford to purchase it; and though it is prohibited, I have been informed that about four hundred chests find their way annually to Siam from Singapore, Penang, and different parts of the Malay Coast, and that a great quantity of it is purchased by the ministers and other government servants, and sold. again at a large profit, but now that it has lately been legalized by the Monarch, I should say that 1,500 chests would be required annušlly at different times, -200 chests or so, at a time. The Praklang used to purchase largely of it, and sell it again. The Chinamen easily manage to get what they bring on shore without detection during the night, when the Custom-house people, (Portuguese,) are asleep. The Government bring considerable quantities of it themselves from Singapore and Penang, &c. which enables Chinamen the more easily to dispose of theirs without being discovered. Among the poor classes of people in Siam, tha support of the whole family depends entirely on the women, they plough the ground and do all the weaving. The husbands treat their wives kindly; and employ them as cash-keepers, and in conducting all manner of business in buying and selling. The women are well behaved, without. that bashfulness and dread of men, so much eviuced by the women of Hindustan, and other parts of India ; but they are very modest and well behaved.

·TREASURY. It is reported that there is never more at any one time than three lacs of Ticals in the Treasury, and most people in Siam believe it to be okhe case ; but I have been told by a person in great confidence in the Government service, whose name I cannot mention, that he believed there were upwards of ten millions sterling in it; all lodged somewhere in the Palace. No one is considered to know any thing of it or where it is placed, but the King and ministers. The revenue of Siam is £4,000,000 sterling; and when it is considered that the Pagodas, Public buildings, &c. are paid by contributions levied on the inhabitants, each according to liis circumstances, the Treasury must be rich, which was that gentleman's expression to me; though the policy of the Government is to keep this a profound secret in the event of invasion, &c. The ministers never enter on the subject of the Treasury, and any one known to do so, would be severely punished. A large quantity of iron railing for the Pagodas was sent to His Majesty from Singapore, when I was at Bangkok, which at first was refused, although highly approved of, knowing they would be obliged to make a suitable return; they therefore purchased it by the contribution of the people; each paying, according to circumstances, from five to forty Peculs of sugar or about 1} cwt. to the Pecul. Every merchant and shop-keeper is obliged to contribute towards the object for which the others are taxed. FIRES. Some large fires break out at Bangkok and do great harm. When I was there, several occurred, and just before I left, a large one broke out near the Palace, which destroyed upwards of 500 houses, amongst which was one belonging to a brother of the king ; but, as tomary in the country, numerous presents were sent to him from all quarters, and it was believed that he, like many others of high rank, who suffer in this way, was enriched by his misfortune. It is not go with poor people, for very few condole with them or gi.e them any thing. Another large fire broke out a short time after this at His Majesty's Magazine in the Bazar river from a man through taking a light with him into the dwelling, which occasioned the acci. dent; it caused an immense explosion, and it was said that not less than 1000 houses on both sides of the narrow river, in shore, were burnt cus- - ·'15. down; the King, 2d King, and Princes came to the spot to render what assistance they could; but as in similar cases, more confusion than regularity prevailed, and nothing was done of any consequence. The Phepad, 2nd Praklang, one of the best men in the country, had his house completely levelled with the ground, and lost a little boy at the same time, but saved all his money, which was said to be very considerable. THE LANGUAGE. The Siamese language is of great simplicity, and is easily and soon acquired ; a person devoting himself to the study of it, might with moderate attention be able to speak, read and write it in six to eight months : Colonel Henry Burney who remained at Siam for eight months was able to do so before he left ; and could have managed his business with the minister without the aid of an Interpreter ; but it being against the rule to speak to a minister on public affairs but through an Interpreter, he, of course, was not permitted to do so, although he could speak to him at any other time on matters unconnected with Gowerpment. THE SIAMESE QUIET, PEACEABLE AND TIMID. The Siamese are very quiet and peaceable, and not like their neighbours the Malays, of a revengeful and blood-thirsty disposition. It is very seldom indeed that a case of murder happens in Siam ; they are always inclined and ready to forgive injuries; they are also honest and not at all given to thieving and other dishonest acts; which makes property in Siam very secure. We never lost any thing there during the three years we remained in the country, but we never put temptation in their way ; and I would recommend any one going there not to do so. My reason for saying so is,-because they are great liars, and it is generally believed that a person who will lie will also steal. They are good husbands, kind and affectionate fathers, and great caro and attention is bestowed by them on the morals of their children ; they delight in seeing them comfortable and well dressed ; indeed a gweat deal of money is uselessly squandered away on them for dress, jewels and toys, much of which might be easily dispensed with. The Siamese are certainly great cowards, and it is perfectly true what Laboure says in his time, upwards of one hundred years ago, that one European with a stick in his hand is enough to make a score of Siamese forget the most positive orders of their master. This I ·.16 found and proved to be the case shortly after my arrival : I remember well one evening, at their merty-making holidays, that Mr. IIunter and I had a shamfight for amusement only, with the Minister's son and embout fifty Siamese, by attacking one another with fireworks ; which although they knew very well at the time that it commenced was in sport, they found as too much for them, and fearful of getting greatly burned or otherwise injured, they very soon all fled being very much frightened, thinking we were in earnest. No REGULAR ARMY. From the dread of rebellion the Siamese never keep up any regular army, but in the ment of war raise conscripts from among the peo. ple, and that is easily managed as every male in Siam after 21 years of age is obliged to serve the Government four months in the year without pay, consequently the army is an undisciplined rabble, all in confusiog and uproar ; one highland regiment would in half an hour, put all their army to the rout, coming to the charge on open ground. The Siamese never come to an open fight with muskets and bayonets, but watch an opportunity to find the enemy off theit guard, and then seize them and bring them prisoners to Bangkok. BURMESE CAPTIVES. It is a verya common thing in Siam to see one Burmah beat off threc or four Siamese, both on the river in boats and on shore, and take what rice, fish, &c. he wants, which the Burmese captives are allowed to dd to a certain extent-athey levy a contribution of a few cowrics from each person, to which the Siamese as well as the Chinese are invariably obliged to submit, and the Burmese being by far the strongest and most courageous, they always manage to obtain what they require without any difficulty. The Governntent do not allow these poor creatures sufficient food to keep them alive; and being constantly kept in double irons, and hard-worked, ditching, sawing 'timber, brick-making, &c. their appearance is consequently very miserable, notwithstanding you may judge of their strength and activity, they are so courageous that they would rather die than fail in the accomplishment of their end. The Government are aware of all this, and that their labour is valuable and therefore they wink at their procuring food in the way they do; the people knowing this never make any complaint, and it would be utterly useless to do so.

·1 . '17. 'In the event of any European nation sending a fleet of war vessels to attack Siam, the Government would; immediately on notice being given of their artival, give prders to remove all the floating houses on both sides of the river, and the momeift the enemy entered the river Menam, would set fire to them and send them floating down the river with the tide, with a view of setting fire to the ships of the enemy: and this I have been credibly informed by parties in the Governmeut confidence would be the case. Such a manæuvre could not fail to do much, injury to the enemy's shipping, but a few broadsides from the Steamers and Men-of-War, would cause great confusion, and the Sianese would immediately run away in search of boats, wherever they might think they could find them, to convey them to the mountainous parts of the country, leaving Bangkok, with the immense treasure in the Palace without a soul to protect it. The Siamese are much too' timid and cowardly to stand fight with any European nation, particularly the English, to whom they give the appellation of “ Devil.” I cannot imagine hów Siam has so long escaped being invaded by the Burmese, who are certainly far superior to them in courage, strength and activity, and could easily conquer Siam if they were only to march against it with å proper number of troops say 20,000, led by a good spirited Generel. The Siamese and the Burmese are now, and have been ever since the Burmese war with tne English, ou mox friendly terms, than they had been for the last century. The present sensible and enlightened Monarch evinces every disposition to be at peace with all nations, giving encouragement to trade from all parts, particularly England, with whom he wishes to cultivate the most friendly feelings, which lie has abundantly proved already in his short reign, by the very handsomo and unlooked-for reductions he has made, (nearly one-half) on the duties and port charges ; under such auspices, Siam cannot fail to prosper and become at no very distant period a country of great importance in a commercial point of view. And now that the new Monarch has proved himself so well disposed to the English, and desirous of cultivating friendly relations with them by the great reductions he has lately made in the duties, of from 1,700 to 1,000 ticals per fathom of the ship's breadth of the beam at the broadest 0 ·. .18 part, which is their method of calculating the charges of duties,ʻit may be presumed that the 'smallest representation from the Bengal Government for a further reduction, say of 500 ticals more per fathom, unwhich would be very gratifying to the mercantile community and pleasing to themselves, as likely to increase commercial intercourse and friendly feelings, would be immediately complied with; and certainly with such an extensive country as Siam is, thinly peopled, but one of the most healthy, climates in the world, with a rich alluvial soil, capable of producing in great abundance and of good quality, all the necessaries of life procurable in Bengal or any part of India, and at 'a considerably cheaper rate, it would be well worth their consideration. NOT PREJUDICED AGAINST OTHER RELIGIONS. The Siamese themselves have no aversion to any one differing from them in religion, and the Court is formed of Chinese, Malays, Christians, descendants of Portuguese born in the country, Cochin Chinese, Loos, Cambojans, &c., and some of them hold very bigla appoiutments and are very much beloved by His Hajesty. I have seen several Chinese at Bangkok who had become Siamese and cut their tails off. The Chinese immediately after their arrival in the country adopt the manners of the Siamese and intermarry with ther Siam women. The Siamese eat indiscriminately all kinds of food, viz. becf, fowls, dogs, cats, fish, &c., and in this respect very much resemble the Chinese. They however never assist in killing, it being against their religion to take away the life of any animal; but after it is killed, cooked and placed on che table, they never ask any questions about the manner you possessed yourself of it ; and the priests, though they are more strictly prohibited than others, readily partake of whatever is placed before them, waiving all religious scruples. The Minister's Son used to dine with us frequently, and ate and drank every thing that was placed before him, and praised our, judgment and taste much for discerning so well "the good things of this world.” He was a well behared and gentlemanly youth, about cighteen years of age, very different from the generality of his country. men, and would not, like them, ask for any present, but was always more ready to give than to receive. When we left he could speak ·* 19. English a little. I have lately been informed that he is a great favourite with his present Majesty. .TAE KING.. It is considered rude in Siam for any one to enquire after the King'. health ; indeed it is criminal, and the person who dares to do so, subjects himself to severe punishment, if represented by any one, for it is considered that the King never dies. The presents most esteemed by the king and ministers are some Pali books from Ceylon, from which country their religion (Buddhism) was derived. The late King Khromocheat, who on his access on to the throne in 1824, created a second King, who had under him two great Ministers, Kalaham and 'Chokri; the former is in charge of the Land Revenue and Taxes and the head of Law Officers, the other, Chokri, is Minister of Commerce and Foreign Affairs, and has the same number of of@cers of cqual rank under him as Kalaham. The King.gives two audiences to his Ministers daily, the one early in the morning and the other late at night; but he never detains them longer than half an hour, except on extraordinary occasions of State matters, or in negociating with foreign Ambassadors. His Majesty spends all the rest of the day with the Ladies of the Palace, and with the Priests. The King sent a ship with a large cargo of goods for sale to Calcutta in 1822, commanded by a Portuguese. I was told by the port Captain that this ship took eighteen months to complete the voyage, and that his Majesty sustained a loss of 20,000 ticals or 25,000 Rs. by the speculation ; whereas he ought to have måde something, had a choice investment of the produce of the country been carefully selected, such as ivory, gamboge, benjamin, stick lac and many other articles, except sugar, which is too high there for thig market. Roads. There are no regular roads at Siam. At Bangkok, there are two short narrow roads, about half a mile long, one near the Palace and on the same side of the river, and another a little farther down, which is partly occupied as a bazar for provisions and fish. Wheel carriages are totally unknown, and so are arches and stone bridges, even about the palace ; planks or slabs are thrown across the narrow Mvulets and m 2 ·C 20' other impassable parts for people to walk over on, and most of them are very narrow; there are 'a great many of these rivulets in Siam, leading in from the great river Menam. Instead of travelling by land, nahe people are obliged to go in boats by water, and carry their goods along with them. All manner of produce is brought from the interior in this way. The currents are strong, sometimes eight knots an hour ; but run longer and stronger down the river than up. A large boat with thirty men can pull down the river to Paknam with the tide, a distance of twenty miles, in an hour. The cost of realizing debts in Siam by process of law is twenty-five per cent., besides presents to the law officers, which are always expected, otherwise you must expect to be aclayed. The title of the nobility in Siam expires with the situation and does not descend to any member of the family The interest of money in Siam is 33 per cent. per annum, but any loan'got from the King is 75 per cent., which is certainly an extravagant rate of interest to pay, to enable a fair dealing trader to realize a reasonable profit by borrowing money to carry on his business. On the 27th April, the Siamese hold the plough, which is done precisely in the same manner and for the same reason as in China in celebration of agriculture. A certain nan chosen from among the people on that day represents his majesty standing on one foot, in the middle of a field, while another ploughs all round him; if he cannot stand till the ploughing is completed it presages some serious misfortune to the country, with r failure of the crops ; but the persou so chosen has never been known to fail in performing his task; and he is always after as a matter of courtesy called his majesty, at which he is of course well pleased. The king can punish any person in the kindom for the most trifling offence, by flogging or otherwise ; but this I have been informed has never happened to any person of' consequence for the last hundred years. RELIGION. Buddhism is the religion of Siam, it was first derived from Ceylon and is precisely the same as in that country, Burmalı, Cambaja, Loa, Pegu and Arracan. They suppose that after undergoing a certain number of transmigrations and according to their actiong, good ·21 of evil, the souls of the good will be received into heaven when they will be free forever from all cares and passions, and that the wicked will never be free from perpetual transmigrations into wicked animals, or eternal torment. The Siamese do not believe in God. There have been four of their Buddhas in the world, the last Guadama, their greatest whom they venerate and worship above all the others, who in some thousand years hence is to be superseded by another called *Areemadayeh. This Guadama was the son of a king, who had lived in states which cannot be numbered, and who had done wonderful works before his last birth. 'At his death upwards of two thousand years ago, he ordered that his image should be worshipped, and that Pagodas should be erected to lais memory till the next Buddh'appeared, where he would then enter into eternal glory and happiness. Every one in Siam must at some time of his life enter the priesthood from fourteen years and upwards, as may be convenient. There are 15,000 Talapains or priests at Bangkok, and double that number throughout the whole kingdom. They live, altogether in convents within the enclosure of a Temple. Females are excluded from the order. The Talapains are promoted to higher grades according to their learning and age. Every convent is under the direction of a superior, called Abbot with us. Above all is the Samkrat or High Priest, who is appointed by the King and abways resides in the palace with the King. He ordains all the Talapains and the greatest honours are paid to him. The Talapaits live on alms, and they pardon the sins of those who bestow alms on them. They are better and richer clothed than others, in yellow silks or cottons, the same as the Priests of Ceylon.. They go about begging in the morning before breakfast, waiting at the doors as they pass along for two minutes or so, and if they receive nothing after that they go away. The food received is always ready cooked and of the best kind, and the dresses are always ready made up. • The Talapains are pleased at making converts of people of other nations, which they are allowed to do, but are much too lazy to attempt the task; and consequently, they have rarely succeeded in mak. ing a single proselyte. Every male person above twenty-one years is obliged to serve the king four months in the year, in any capacity that may be required, ·22 without wages, and those exempted are obliged to pay a sum annually according to their circumstances up to eight rupees each, or to find a substitute; but all the Chinese are exempted by paying a heavy Poll Tax." 1) C MISCELLANEOUS REMARKS. Quedo, Patani, Kalantan and Tringano are merely nominally tributar.y to Siam., and a flower of gold or silver is sent annually to the king; but in the event of war, money and men are expected to be given, this however seldom happens. The mineralogy of Siam is little known; the Chinese of the place know more of it than the Siamese do; but they keep it a profound secret, in hopes, no doubt, to gain advantages froin it some years hence. Jupkceylon produces a large quantity of very fine tin, and so do Ligor and Chumpan. In the beginning of May the rains commence with light showers occasionally; in July it commences to fall hedvily and continyes till the end of September when it ceases entirely; after that it is five till the beginning of March, when the hot weather begins to set in. The river begins to rise in August, but it rises sooner farther up and continues to do so till October. The river rises 18 feet. The literature of Siam is extremely meagre, consisting of silly songs, uninteresting romances, with some proverbs. The people are all in great ignorance of geography, history, science, architecture, masonry, house-building, &c. There is a large Pagoda at Bangkok for all classes of people, built of brick and covered with tiles, 600 feet square, in which are placed two thousand images of Buddha of various sizes and shapes. This Pagoda cost the enormous sum of £50,000 about sixty years ago. This building like all others of the kind was not paid for by the Government, as most strangers imagine, (and hence arises, they say, the small amount in the treasury) but was raised by levying contributions on the people, each according to his circumstances : this is a very heavy tux'on the poor people, and is the cause of their great aversion to all kinds of manual labour, or learning any useful profession, knowing as they do that any money acquired may be taken from them without ·28. . notice or warning, or borrowed as a loan, which it is well known is neves returned, nor dares any person ask for il, under pain of being severely punished or otherwise made very uncomfortable and annoyed by the Government servants in important situations, who being badly paid are allowed to extort money in any way they can to enable them to meet their expences. If you call at any Siamese house on business or otherwise during the day, you will invariably find that the master of the house is asleep, or at least his wife or servants will tell you so; this I know well from three years' experience to be a fact, and I merely mention the circumstance here, for the guidance of strangers, that they may be aware of it, and know how to act accordingly. The Siamese like the Bengalees are very fond of asking for presents, wherever they may happen to meet you, and will ask for any thing they see, from your shoes to your hat, without the least shawisow of shame, nor are they daunted with a refusal at first, but persetre to the last, in, the hope of extorting something in the end, and when all their attempts fail they go away seemingly as unconcerned as if they had never asked for any thing; and, what may appear extraordinary is, that most of the higher orders are equally, if not more impudent in this respect than the poorer class, and more artfut and cunning, for they always ask for valuable articles; and if they should be fortunate enough to extract what they want, they make a point never to thank you for it, in order that you may not fancy they, have placed any great value on it that when the period arrives that they are expected to make a return present (which is always in the produce of the country) they may give you something' vary inadequate in value to the present given by you ; but it is very seldom indeed that any person except the king and ministers ever think of making any return present, and when they do, you may congider yourself fortunate if you get one-half the value of the present you gave. PORTUGUESE RESIDENTS. All the Portuguese now residing in Siam are descendants of those who emigrated from Goa in the beginning of the sixteenth century; the number in the whole kingdom does not exteed 1,500; at Bangkok there were 950 in 1827. In 1839 the number was not so many; and in 1850 it had not increased. They are a pusillanimous race, very much ·C U .24 resembling the Siamese, whose habits and manners of life they strictly follow, and if they can exist and get their usual quantity of sleep and food, with their scgar, betel-nut, chunam, tobacco, &c. that is all hey seem to care about. Even the Bishop and Portuguese Clergy under him are not at all zealous in making proselytes, from the grent dread they entertain of the authorities. Some American missionaries have gone to Siam of late years, but have not, (that I have heard,) succeeded in making a single convert, notwithstanding they have been most zealous, and laboured hard. These missionaries are going on well, they have established schools and got up & printing press; and the schools are well attended principally by Chinese children. Near the end of the sixteenth century a massacre of the English took place at Siam, when the French left the country, but the Portuguese remained, and for all the good they have ever done in any way, whey would not have been missed if they had gone also. Till within the last twenty-five years, Siam had constantly been involved in war, or more properly skirmishes, with their neighbours, th» Burmese, which may, with various unreasonable and unfair extortions, account in some measure for the indolent habits of the people, and aversion to all manner of labour. It is a great pity that so rich, fertile, healchy and extensive a country as Siam is, should be so completely neglected, and that the natives should have no encouragement to induce them to exert themselves. The population of China, India, and other eastern nations, it is well known, is immense ; whercas Siam may, as regards population only, be compared to New South Wales, inasmuch as it is a farge tract of country thinly peopled. The sapphire, ruby and topaz are found in Martában and some parts of Loa, similar to those procured in the Burman empire, but of quality very infprior to those found in other parts; and they are never offered for public sale, but are given as presents to the Ladies of the palace, and to children. Fruits. AŅD VEGETABLES. The fruit of Siam is of a very superior kind, and much better than that of Bengal, with the addition of the Mangosteen and Durian, two most delicious fruits : the latter requires only to be tasted several times to test its goodness, the former is too well known to Indians to require ·23 any comment. The best time for fruit is from the beginning of Aprils to the end of July. Great quantities of very fine oranges in small baskets, leeches, candied fruits, &c. are brought from China in Junks, and are sold very cheap. The vegetables of Siam are of very infer rior quality, no care being taken to rear them. I tried to grow potatoes there and succeeded admirably; the climate is well suited for all kind of vegetables procurable in Bengal. Food may be had in great abundance to suit the Chinese taste, viz. such as ducks, fowls, pork, deer's meat; but beef and mutton, unless you kill the animal yourself, is not to be had. If the Chinese were fond of beef and mutton, it might be had in any quantity, but they consider it preferable to rear ducks and pigs, and the Siamese agree perfectly with them in every thing ; so completely have these artful people gained them over to their side. Fish may be had in Siam in great abundance, of a very coarse Rind. The only good kind is a fish precisely the taste and flavour of a Scotch Ilerring, but about half the size, which is very plentiful and che.op: the rest iso coarse, and after being preserved, a great quantity of it is exported to China. TEMPERATURE. In the winter months, December, January, and February, the thermometer is from 640 to 70°. In summer, March, April, May and June, it ranges from 940 to 97º. Names of the days of the week. Sunday-Athel, Monday-Chan, Tuesday-Ankhan, Wednesday- Phut, Thursday- Phrahat, Friday—Sok, Saturday: -—San. Names of the months and number of days. January-Duan-ai, 29 days. February-Daun-ji, 30 days. March-Daun-Sam, 29 days. April-Daun-Le, 30 days. May-Daun-Ha, 29 days. June-Daun-Hoc, 30 days. July-Daun-Chet, 29 days. August-Daun-Pet, 30 days. September-Daun-Cau, 29 days.

·26 October-Daun-Lep, 30 days. November-Daun-Libet, 29 days. December-Daun-Leb Sang 30 days ; 345 days in the year. a The remainder is added every third year, after the eighth month. As among the Hindus, the months are divided into a bright and dark side or half moon, and the year commences with the first moon in December. Time.-Twelve watches, are reckoned from sunrise to sunset, and from this till sunset again. The month of 29 and 30 days alternately, and the year of 12 months or 354 days; a month of 30 days is added every third year. Their chronometer is a copper or brass cup with a small hole at the bottom, placed in a large basin of water, which sinks at each watch. O t . PROSPECTIVE RELATIONS. Since the king has ascended the throne he has certainly evinced every disposition, ag far as appearances go, to increase the trade of the country by the praiseworthy and business-like manner he has commenced his reign, in making at once such an unlooked-for and handsome reduction on the former heavy duties and port charges on British built vessels to nearly one-half. Flis Majesty has also allowed the free exportation of rice and teak timber and the importation of opium, and his Majesty promises a still further reduction in the port charges, should it be necessary; in order that merchants may not obe losers by venturing speculations to his dominions. All this looks very well, but I am afraid there is a good deal of wex in the honey ; for I know welp that they do not really wish to see any English vessels at Bangkok; they are too much afraid that the English are only desirous of one day taking possession of thșir country, and they therefore wish by every annoyance they can give us to keep us out of it, and the Chinese tell them every thing they can to our prejudice. Siam can get all its wants supplied by their own junks from Singapore, Penang and Java, and they would rather prefer this, as giving employment to their own shipping; and the Chinese merchants are still more anxious to do so than they are, being by far more active men of business. But since the king is in so good a humour, and expresses a wish to reduce the port ·27 charges still further on British vessels, it would be well to embrace sg desirable an opportunity of explaining to his Majesty that small vessels of 300 Tons, cannot afford to pay the same rate of port charges as large vessels of 800 and 1000 Tons, which carry away cargoes four times the amount in value, and only pay about fifty per cent. more port charges. Small vessels under 300. Tons ought not therefore to pay more than 500 Ticals instead of 1000 Ticals per fathom of the 'breadth of the beam of the vessel at the broadest part. I feel convinced that the smallest representation from the proper quarter would, now that they are willing to make a few small concessions, settle this matter in the way pointed out at once, and make room for 30 more small vessels of the above tonnage to Siam annually. They could easily find cargoes of rice and teak timber, the former for the Mauritius and New South Wales, and the latter for the English market, in barter for opium and piece goods, &c. described in the imports of British and Indian piece goods. The rice may be had to a great extent,'equal if not superior to the best Patna, and that part of the courftry for rice not being half cultivated, it might be increased to any reasonable demand, cheaper than in any part of the world. Teak timber will always find a ready sale in England ; several cargoes were shipped from Maulmein a few years ago, which realized more than double its original cost, and the teak timber of Siam is cheaper, and of the same quality as that of the Burman Empire. The importation of opium into Siam will cause a very great addition to the value of their imports. There being more Chinamen in Siam than.Siamese, I should say that 1500 chests annually would not be too great a quantity to send at different times in the course of the year, say about 200 chests or so at a time, which would always find a ready sale at a remunerative rate to Chinamen, in barter for the produce of the country, which is the mode of transacting business there. A PRESENT STATEMENT-THE CAPABILITIES. I wish here to explain and refute an extraordinary production, which appeared in the Hurkange a few days ago, said to be writtep by the Prime Minister of Siam by desire of his Majesty, stating that the people were all very poor; and their wants very trifling, which were principally supplied by the Chinese, who arrive annually'with good's E 2 ·28 from China, taking the produce of the country in exchange, which lie also states, is to be had in small quantities, &c., that these junks sometimes find difficulty in getting cargoes, and he fears 'should any more Hossels arrive with goods they would not only find difficulty in disposing of them, but would not be able to get full return cargoes. All this is certainly very disheartening to strangers desirous of venturing their capital to Siam, as indicating that a few small junks only trade to Siam annually, whereas I have myself seen for three successive years upwards of 150 trading junks at one time in the river at Bangkok from Canton, different parts of China, Hainam, Cochin China, Singapore, Penang and the Malay Coast, averaging upwards of 25,000 Tons, all bringing full cargoes of goods, and taking full valuable cargoes away. The trade is rapidly increasing, it is now 60,000 Tons annually. It is very surprising that the Minister in the face of all this,,could have written such a letter, and said too that it was by desire of his Majesty. I rather think there must have been some trick in all this, and that some cunning Chinaman must haye possessed himself of the original document of quite a different nature, and gubstituted this cunningly devised fraudulent one in its stead; for it is quite impossible that the King or Minister could have ever framed such a false document, which every one in the country must have ridiculed as altogether incorrect, however much the Chinese might have been pleased with it on the occasion, as likely to mislead us and keep us out of the country, which it is perfectly clear must have been the intention in framing such a document, for the produce of the country may be had in great abundance; and now that rice and teak timber are allowed to be exported and opium imported, I have no hesitation in declaring that there is room for 10,000 Tons more of shipping, or thirty British Brigs or Ships annually of 300 Tons each. It is very well known that China merchants residing at Bangkok, have for many years enjoyed an extensive and profitable trade with different parts of China, Hainam, Cochin China, Singapore and the Malay Coast; and they have always been very jealous of the English encroaching too much on this very valuable part of their trade, and these crafty people take great pleasure in doing us all the mischief they can by false and malicious representations to the King and Ministers to prejudice them against us, to indute them to keep us out of the country. Some of them hold ;

·29. high appointments under the Government, and consequently have most powerful interest, which they know well how to turn to good account, which tauses their artful statements against us to the King and Minister to gain instant belief. However much the Government and Chinamen may wish to keep us out of Siam, -and that they both do so, I have not the smallest doubt, the traditg class of people, both Siamese and Chinese, would readily purchase goods from British ships if they were equally good and a little cheaper than those belonging either to the Siamese or Chinese, and therefore parties desirous of trading to Siam, need not at all let any such representations frighten or discourage them from trading to that country, as there is no friendship in business with Chinamen. I know very well that the Siamese do not wish the English to go and settle there entirely, and the Chinese merchants there are still more averse to it. They were very glad when yye left, for the reasons I have already stated, notwithstanding we did all in our power during the three years we remained amongst them to conciliate every class of inhabitants and gain their good wishes, A gentleman who was there at the same time, and remained three years in the country, afterwards returned to it as a merchant, but was at length much annoyed by the Government that he was obliged to leave it in disgust, and came to Calcutta some years ago to represent his grievances, which were certainly very great, thouge he was of good temper, stricty honest and just in all his dealings; he has never since returned to Siam. A person pught to be well paid før the annoyance and degradation consequent in gych a trade; but it is to be hoped under such an enlightened monarch as the present, that many of these anngyances will soon be removedo; though it cannot be expected that all their ancient customs can be so at once, or that the Ministers or those in power will give up trading, robbery and corruption so long as their salaries are so low as they are now. TAE LAO AND OTHER COUNTRIES. Lao is divided into eight large provinces, four of which belong to Siam, viz. Chang.man, Lan-chang, Parak, and Luang-phru-bang, each of which has a prince. Lan-chang is the capital of Lao, in 15° 45' N. Lat. on the river of Kamboja. The whole of these four provinces contain 600,000 people. There are three worsen to two ·.30 + men. The Laos are much fairer and better looking than the Siamese, they are a much more industrious race, and dress better. Lao abounds in rich prodụce, which ia sent in bùats to Bangkok in December and January," and finds a ready sale by the China merchants, for the junks which arrive in these months from different parts of China. The Laos take back what goods they require of British and China manufactures, &c. to a considerable amount. See my list of productions. The other four provinces are tributary to Burmáh and also send large quantities of the productions of the country to Bangkok, similar to that of the other four provinces, in return for which they take away what goods they require from Bangkok. The population of these four provinces is said to be 400,000. I should judge from the appearance of the people that the Lao country is extremely healthy. Kamboja is divided into six provinces, the largest of which Bantabang. is situated next to and belongs entirely to Siam ; the other five are tributary, to Cochin China. The two principal provinces are Penompeng and Pontaipret, the former is the capital where the King resides, who, in the Government of the country, is under the control of a Cochin Chinese Governor, who resides in the Fort with Cochin Chinese troops. This fort was erected by the Cochin Chinese about fifty years ago. The country abounds with valuable produce, which is shipped at different times during the year to Bangkok, in about 30 small' coasting Junks to meet the Chinese Junks. The produce of Kamboja consisting of gamboge, benjamin, cardamums of a very superior quality, double the size of those of the Malabar coast or any other country, which realizes a very high price and is much liked by the Chinése ---agila-wood, rhinoceros's hides and horns, stick-lac, ivory, sapan and other dye-woods and wood for furniture, buffaloe's and deer's hides and horns, dried deer's and buffaloe's meat, aniseed, palm oil, betel-nut. Kamboja is separated from Siam and Lao by mountains. The Kambojans are fairer and better-looking than the Siamese. They are a quiet and inoffensive race. They are very dissatisfied at being under the controul of the Cochin Chinese. The climate is salubrious and healthy and the people I have seen at Bangkok, from that place, all look well and in excellent health. The Mal.y States tributary to Siam are Queda, Patane, Kalantan ·31. and Tringanoo ; the two latter States can only be said to be nominally, tributary, having only to send every three years a gold and silver flower; the two former, with, by far the largest number of inhabitants, are entirely under the Siam administration ; there are about 250,000 inhabitants in the whole of these provinces. 'About fifty small Junks of 700 Peculs, trade from these States to Siam with goods suitable for the China market, which are sold to China merchants at Bangkoknamely, tin, pepper, ratans, benjamin of good quality, biche-de-mar, skins and hides of sorts, gambier, sago, birds' nests, sharks' fins. fish-mawg, betel-nut, dammer, dragon's blood, red and white mats, camphor, gold dust, &c. In return for which they take sugar, rice, salt, dried fish, dried buffaloe and deer's meat, red leather, mattrasses and cushions stuffed with cotton, Malay shoes made at Bangkok by Chinamen, tobacco, dried shrimps, halichang, oils, a large quantity of earthen-ware, and glass-ware of China manufacture. The Malay dress being very different from that of the Siamese, the Malays of these States get all their piece goods from Singapore, Penang, Batavia, Samarang, Sourabay, and different parts of Java, but the far greatest portion from Singapore. The trade next in importance to China with Siam is that of Singapore, principally in piece goods and opium, in barter for sugar, pepper, rice, sapan-wood, gamboge, benjamin, ivory, deer's horns, &c. suited for the English market. The value of which is stated in my Tonnage list. Next to the above trade with Siam, is that with Hainan and Cochin Chine, the former synd upwards of 50 Junks arthually of 2500 Peculs each, and the latter about the same number of 800 Peculs each, the particulars of which are stated in my list of productions and Imports and Tonnage, shewing the amount in value. Though the Natives of Siam have always been greatly oppressed by the authorites in every way they could think of, besides being obliged in addition to pay heavy taxes, to submit to the heavy contributions levied on them by the Government for buildings gilding and repairing of Pagodas, public buildings, &c. yet they have never, time out of mind, become dacoits or robbers, so frequent in almost every country in Asia, in Cochin China, Burmah, Bengal, Malay Peninsula, New South ·. 32 C C Wales called Bush-rangers, Manila, China, &c. hence life and property are perfectly secure in Siam. They seem all perfectly contented with their fate, knowing that any appeal to the authorities would not avail, dat on the contrary, would throw them back in their estimation, and that they never fail when the smallest opportunity arises, to punish them well for their pains by fines or otherwise.

·PRODUCTIONS OF SIAM.
nunn
AMOUNT AND VALUE
OP
ANNUAL E X.PORTS.

·34 Production of Price in Ticals. Quantity unnually. Amount in Ticals. Procured. Exported. Numes of Produce. rul Highest. Lowest. 65 60 250 250 15,000 .... 40 30 35 25 300 150 300 100 10,500 2,500 ... Biche de Mar 1st quality, per Pecul, Ditto 2nd ditto ditto, Ditto 3rd ditto ditto, Benjamin (Kamian) 1st quality should be very clean, of an agreeable smell, mixed with many White marble tears; it snould be broken quite through, reject the black without smell, per Pecul, Ditto 2nd ditto ditto, Ditto 3rd ditto ditto, 60 55 150 150 8,250 . ...... ...... 45 25 40 20 70 150 150 O... 150 6,000 100 2,500 4 30,000 801 4 while and transparent, per Catty,.. 50 45 Ditto Belly, cor'nd quality ditto..... Ditto Foot, or 3rd ditto, very inferior of little value, ditto, Bones Buffaloe, per Pecul, 25 25 1,12,500 30 a 10 30. 30,000 20,000/ 20,000 20,000 25 15 a'20 14 Ticals/} ........... ..... 3,000 19,500 1201 7,500 in No.]} 150 ..... 15,000 500 2,000 ........ ..... 7,500 45,000 10,0001 65,000 .. .... Ditto Elephants, ditto,.... 6. 3,000 Ditto Leopards, bones of each ani- 500 15 mul, ditto, Ditto Tigers, ditto, 30 a 40 35 500 in No. Balaching, made from dried shrimps, Abundditto, ance. Bark for Caulking Ships, ditto, 6 6 15,000 Ditto for Tanning, per pecul, 7 61 20,000 Bamboos 30 to 40 feet long, 6 to 12 41 inches round, per c.00, 3) Pleptiful. Betel.nut, green, 1500, Abund-i 2 Ditto dry, per Pecul, Cardamums, (Kra-wan,) Ist quality 300 300 250 ditto, white and large, Ditto 2nd ditto ditto, Rice, 200 1801 2001 Ditto 3rd ditto ditto, 50 a' 8050 a'80 250) Copper Siam, dittą. 401 37 3,000 Cotton in Seed, 1st quality ditto,.. 61 6 Ditto 2nd ditto ditto, 5 80,000 Ditto 3rd ditto ditto, ... 21 1} .. .. ance. 250 75,000 ...... ........ 200 200 36,000 13,000 . . . . . 30,000 1,50,000 311 ·35 Sian Annually. 1 When it Cheapest time arrives in the to purchase. market. Where procured. Where exported. Dec, to Mar. December, Lakon, Longkha, Malay China, Hajnan, Cochin Coast. China. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto, Ditto. Rohing, Chiang Mai, Las Singapore, Surat, China. kon. . . . . Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto Ditto. Ditto. Queda, Malay Coast, East China. Coast of the Bay of Bengul. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditta Ditto. Ditto, Difft. times. Augt. to Oct. Throughout, Forests, Kam- Ditto. boja, Lao. Ditto. Ditto. Lap, Kamboja forests. Ditto. Dec, and Jan. December, Ditto. Ditto used by the Chinese for Medical purposes. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. ...... Difft. times. Any time. Tachin, Micklong? Patu, Used in the country, and Banlapore. Malay Coast. Ditto. Sept. & Oct. Micklong, Kamboja: Used in ditto, China. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Jan. to July. January. Throughout. Used in the country for houses. Ditto. Ditto. At and near Bangkok, Ditto. Dec. to May. January. Kamboja, Chantabua, China. Tungyai. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. January Sep. to Oct. Lao Mountains. Used in the country. Ditto. January. Ligor, Pakprik Kemboja, Used in the country for Mengm, Noi, and Up- stuffing matrasses and land countries, 1st qiya pillows Cochin China, lity Pakprik. and China.

·36. Production of - Names of Produce. Price in Ticals. Quantity annually. Amount in Ticals. Procured. Export- Highest. Lowest. ed. Cotton Cleanéd, 1st quality, per Pecul, Ditto 2nd ditto ditto, Ditto 3rd ditto ditto, Cushions, red leather, stuffed with cotton, each, 16 12 8 141 10 8 } ............ 60,000 30,000 3,00,000 at 10 Tis. } 85,00,000 in No. 5,000 1,87,500 Small Birds of Sort, preserved 100,.. 35 30 1,00,000 in No. 100 30,000 21 5,000 10,000 Chunam (Kho-wan) 1st quality from bones, per Pecul, Ditto 2nd quality ditto, Chunam, 2 Abund. ance. 1 Ditto. 11 5,000 .. 5,000 2 13 Ditto. 500 ........ 750 . .. Chillies dry, ditto,... Copper Utensils, ditto,.......... Cocoa-nuts green, ditto, Ditto dry, ditto, Dammer in pieces, ditto, ...... Ditto in powder, ditto, . Elephants' Teeth, 1st quality ditto ,.. Abundance, Ditto. C .. .. 11 11 1} 15,000 ....... 160 156 300 300 48,000 . Ditto 2nd ditto ditto, 140 145 200 200 29,000 Ditto Small ditto, ................ 650 501 50 50 2,500 Dragons' Blood, 1st quality ditto,.... 50 45 7 700 at 30 Tis. 700 21,200 per Pe- Ditto 2nd and 3rd ditto ditto,. 20 a'30 20 a'30 J cul.

·.37 Stam Annually.-Continued. When it arrives in the market. Cheapest time to purchase. Where procured. Where exported. . January. January The cotton thrives best China, Hainan. in the high lands. Always. Any time. Made at Bangkok by Chinamen. Ditto. Jan. to May. January. Throughout, Malay Coast. China. January, Sept. to Jan. Bangkok. Malay Coast, Cochin China, and used in the country. January Near Bangkok. Malay Coast, and ditto. Any time. Made at Bangkok by Used in Siam. Chinamen. Ditto. In the Vicinity of Bang- Ditto. kok, Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Difft. times. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Different parts, and Ma. Ditto. lay Coast. Lao Kamboja. China, Singapore. Different times Sept, Oct. each additional tooth per Pecul, 8 Ticals less, they should be sounded as Chinamen load them with lead. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Legor, Malay Coast. China. Duc. to Mar. December. that in drops is preferred to the cakes.! Reject the impure masses, the genuine readily melts.

·38. Production of Names of Produce. Price in Ticals. QuantityMannually. Amount in Ticals. Procured. Exported. i Higbest. Lowest. Deers' Neives, Ist quality, per Pecul, Ditto 2nd ditto ditto, 30 20 26 16 } 1,000 1,000 20,000 .. Earthen Wurt Jars, each,' to } # 1,00,000 Filled 37,500 in No. with Sun. dries. 25 400 400 10,000 20,000 15,000 1,05,000 Feathers, per Pecul, ...... Fish, Cabus, dried ditto, 25 8 Dittovlit small, ditto ditto, Ditto. Roes, ditto, Ditto Maws, ditto, 4 8 50 30,000 15,000 10,000 2,000 350 3001 ..... .. 60,000 16,000 16,500 60 Gamboge (Rong), 1st quality. The sticks are preferred, though that in cakes is equally good, it should give a bright yellow, rub it on your nail with water, reject the dark, ditto, o...... 601 60 200 200 12,000 i Ditto 2nd ditto ditto, 56 54 200 200! 10,800 42 40 2501 2001 8,000 Ditto 3rd ditto, that in sticks is preferred, though the cakes are equully good, ditto, Gold Dust, 1st quality, Tical Weight, Ditto 2nd ditto ditta, 1 16 16 2 15 15 .. 2 Ginger, per Pecul,.... Glue, ditto, 7 6,000 3,000 18,000 . Hides Buffaloe, ditta, Ditto Cow, ditto, 2 *}}} 50,000 30,000 2,50,000 Ditto Rhinoceros, ditto, Ditto Elephants, ditto,. Horns Black, ditto, Ditto White, ditto, 12 5.1 12 51 4,000 5,000 6,000 300 4,000 48,000 5,000 27,500 6,000 30,000 300 1,950 ...... . 0 611 ·39 Stam Annually.—Continued. When it arrives in the market. Cheapest time to purchase. Where procured. Where exported. . . Difft. times. ar- Any time be- Lao, Kamboja, princi- China, fore the pally. Junks iive. Ditto. Made at Bangkok. Country, Malay Coast, Cochin China. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Throughout. Bamplasoi, Menam. China. Ditto, Hainan and Malay Coast. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto, Bamplasoi, Malay Coast. Ditto. Ditto. Kamboja. China, Singapore, Eug. land, Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Junkceylon, Bantapan, Rachan, Rachiang River. Used in the country for gilding Pagodas, &c. Ditto. Ditto. January January Difft. times. Throughout, Lao Kamboja. Siam and Malay Coast. Siam. Any time. Ditto. Ditto. China, 'Cochin China. Any time before the China Junks arrive. Ditto. Ditto, Ditto Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto and throughout. 'Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto for making soup.

·40, Production of Names of Produce. Price in Ticals. Quantity wanually. Amount Exportin Ticals. Procured. ed. Highest. Lowest. Horns Rhinoceros, 1st quality, No... 500/10 in No. 5,000* Ditto ditto, No..... 50 501 2 2,500 Ditto, ditto, No..... to 10 1,000 24 201 2,400 Ditto Deer, 'st ditto, per Pair, Ditto ditto, 2nd ditto, 500 2 at 2 Rs. each, 100 3 in No. 600 in No. 3,000 3,000 at 8 per Pecul. Tls. 15 12 7,200 Ditto ditto soft, per Pecul, 10 9 24,000 Ditto ditto hard, ditto,.. 8) . c Horoy, ditto..... 500 Iron, ditto,.. 6 ...... ſ 10,000 60,000 100000 Ditu, ditto, 3 3 10,000 30,000 30 . ...... 1,000 Indigo, coarse, ditto, Lead, white and black, ditto, 12 to 16 3,000 ...... Meat, Buffaloes, dried, ditto, 57 15,000 15,000 75,000 ch Ditto Deer, ditto ditto, 61 7,000 7,000 45,500 Matrasses, red leather of sizes, stuffed with cotton, No. }4t08 4 to 8 600 24,000 15,000 No. exported 4,000 in No.

·Siam Annually.- Continued. When it arrives in the Cheppest time Where procured. Where exported. market. to purchase. Difft. times. Any time be. Loa and Kamboja,, the China, the 1st sort are fore the animal is killed for the used for drinking cup China Junks hides and horos. as, a preventive against arrive. poison, for medicinai purposes, &c. the rest . are for varigus purposes. There is a peculiar mark by which the 1st quality is known. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditta Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. . Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Chantabon, Pisiluk, Rah- China, Cochin China. ing. Lakor Sawan, Melak 2 to Malay Coast and Siani. 300 miles up-couAdry, Hilly countries. Near Bangkok. Used in the country. May. May. 1 Cec. to May. January. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Paprik mountain ; the mines worked by moun. taineers. In the forests, the animal is shot for the meat, hides, &c. Loa, Korat, Kamboja. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. China, Hainan. Difft. times. Augt. to Nov. Made at Bangkok by China, Hainan, Cochii Chinamen. China, Malay Coast.

·42 Production of Price in Ticals. Quantityrannually. Names of Produce. Amount in Ticals. Highest. Lowest. Procured. Exported. N 60,000 Mats, Dunnage, per 100,............ 33 3 Abund. ance. Ditto, white and red, per 100g...... 25 to 30 25 to 30 4,00,000) in No. Oil, Cncoanut, 1st quality, per Pecul, 8 15,000 10,000 Ditto 2nd ditto ditto, 6 55 Ditto Fish, ditto, 6 51 6,000 2,000 Ditto Dammer, ditto, 10,000 Ditto Palm, ditto...... 2,000 .... 11,000 . .. Ditto Wood refined, ditto, 8 ........ 10,000 5,000! 30,000 Ditto ditto unrefined, ditto,.. Ditto Elephants, ditto,ç... .. Onion, small, ditto, 600 ..... Otier Skins, per 100, 50 Small quantity. 11 Abund 400 ance. 45 6,000 Pls. 150! in No. 28 6,000 21 in No 10,000 2,700 Peacocks' Tails, per 100,............ 30 1,680 20 .. Ponder, coarse, large grain, per Pecul, Roots, Medical, Various, ditto, .. Rice; 1st quality, Coyan of 25 Peculs, 32 Great quantity Th. 28 200,000 May befor 8,000 had to Coyans 261 meet @ 18 Rs. 144000 any de-per Coy. mand. an Cargo 18 Rice. Ditto 2nd ditto ditto, 28 Ditto inferior qualities, ditto, 20 Paddy, 1st ditto ditto, Ditto 2nd ditto ditto, .... Ditto. 1,00,000 .. 6,000 Ditto 3rd ditto ditto, ·43 Stam Annually. Continued. When it arrives in the market. Cheapest time to purchase. Where procured. Where exported. Difft. times. Augt. Nov. Made at Paknan. Used in Siam. Dec. to May. Ditto. Ditto. Trigans, Calantan, Co. chin China. Ditto. December. Throughout the low lands. Slam, Malay Coast. Ditto. Ditto. Noi River. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Throughout and Kamboja. Used in Siam. Ditto. Ditto. Kamboja. Ditto, Ditto. Ditto. Different parts. Siam, Malay Coast, Co. chin China, Hainan. Ditto. Ditto. Lao, Kamboja. Used in Siam. Ditto. Ditto. Thaoughout. Siam and Malay Coast. Ditto. Ditto. Kamboja, Bangkok and China. throughout. Loa and in Teak forests. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Difft, times. Any time. Near Bangkok. Used in Siam. Ditto. Ditto. Jan, to July. June. Throughout. Ditto. Pripri, Mecklong. Cochin, Malay Coast Hainan. Throughout between Pum- China'. rung and Bandon a large tract west of the Bay, Bangpasoi to Tungyai is well cleared and cultivated for rice. The crops never fail, it produces forty times the quantity of the seed. Ditto. Ditto. • Ditto. Malay Coast. G?

·44 Production of Names of Produce. Price in Ticals. Quantity annually. Amount in Ticals. Procured. Exported. Highest. Lowest. Pepper black, (Prektbai,) per Pecul, 14 12 70,000 60,000 72,000' Ditto white, ditto,.... Ditto long, ditto, Prawns, dried, ditto, 20 20 10 18 1,000 18. 1,000 8 Abundance. 7 10,000 1,000 500 2,000 18,000 9,000 16,000 Pigs' Feet, ditto, ....... 8,000 56,000 } Salt (25 Peculs per Coyan,) Ist quality, per Coyan,... Ditto 2nd ditto ditto, Ditto 3rd ditto Uitto, 43 Suffici. ent to 38 meet 50,000 Peculs. { 6,000 any de. 3 ............ 21 land. Stick Lac, 1st quality, per Pecul, 18 17 6,000 6,000 1,02,000 Ditto 2nd ditto ditto, 16 15 8,000 8,000 1,20,000 $ Ditto 3rd ditto ditto, 10 8 ............ 6,000 4,000 32,000 a) Skins, Deer, per 100, 26 ........... 24 150000 in No. 100000 Ex. ported. 1,500 22,000 Ditte ditto, 20 18 Ditto, Leopard, each, 13 201 1,500 .. + 1,000 in No. 600 Ditto, Tiger, ditto, 1 1 12 600 ..... Bitto, Shark, per Pecul, 20 18 ......... 1,000 1,000 18,000 Ditto, Pari, from 10 to 12 feet long, including its tail of 4 feet, covered with prickles so hard and strong tbat it must be lifted with caution, ditto, 401 30) 5,000 5,000 1,50,000 ........................ Ditto, Kid, per 100....... 15 15 .. Ditto, Serpent, large ditto,... 30 26 2,000 in No. 20,000 in No. 50,000 100 5,200 Ditto ditto, small ditto, 16 12 100 6,000 in No.l.

·45 Stam Annually.- Continued. When it arrives in the market. Cheapest time Where procured. Where exported. to purchase. Dec. to Mar. January. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Chantabun, Tungyai Li-China, Hainan, Singagor. pore. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Bangtapan. China. Difft. times. Augt. to Dec. Throughout and at Bang. Ditto and Hainan. kok (250 Pigs are killed at Bangkok alone duily) Micklong and about 500 throughout. Ditto. Ditto. Dec. and Jan. July to Dec. Merklong, Paknam. Ditto. Malay Coast. China, Cochin China, Ditto. Ditto. Loa, Chiangmai, Pisaluk, Singapore, Malay Coast. Sokotan, and Siam Pro. vince of Kamboja. Jan, to May. January. Loa, Kamboja and moun- China tainous parts. Ditto. Ditto. Loa, Kamboja. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Outside Bai, Malay Coast. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Difft. times. Ditto. Up-country Used at Bangkok. 1 Ditto. Ditto. Throughout, Lao, Kata- China. boja. Bangkok. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto.

·46 Production of Names of Produce. Price in Ticals. Quantity onnually. Amount in Ticals. Procured. Exported. 1 Highest. Lowest. Tobacco (Medicine, Siam name). To. bacco was not grown in Siaw till about 40 years ago, 1st and 2nd quality, ditto,.... 12 10 25,000 10,000 1,00,000 Tin, Ist ditto ditto, ....., 33 32 } 12,000 6,000 1,86,000 Ditto 2nd ditto ditto, 31 31 Tamarinds, ditto, 5 4 10,000 5,000 20,000 Sugar, 1st quality, ditto, ...... 8 8 50,000 30,000 2,40,000 Ditto 2nd ditto ditto, 7 7 .. 50,000 40,000 2,80,000 Ditto 3rd ditto'üitto, 6 ......... 5) 30,000) 20,000 1,00,000 Ditto Palm, ditto,... 15,000 15,000 60,000 Ditto very inferior, ditto ditto, .... 23 Suger Candy, 1st quality, ditto, 16 15 5,000 2,000 28,000 Ditto 2nd ditto ditto, 14 13 Samooo Spirits, ditto, 5 ... .. Large quantity. 500 Sharks"fins, white, ditto,.. 60 55 500 27,500 24 20 600 600 12,000 Ditto black, ditto,.. Silver, a good deal, Tubs for Oil, per 3 Peculs éach,.... . 3 .. Sugar Bags, per 106, (121 3 3,000 in No. 8! Abundance, very bad. Tin Utensils, of ali descriptions,.... 45 15,000 67,500 Berries, black, small, .... .. 5001 .. Cotton Yarn, used as under, . ..

·Stam Annually. Continued. When it arrives in the Cheapest time market. to purchase. Where procured. Where exported. Dec. to Mar. December. Chantabun, Bamposoi, Java, Cochin China, Mathroughout. lay Coast. Ditto. Ditto. Junkceylon, Ponga, Chim- China, Haidan. polum, Ligor, Taiyung or Champon. About Bangkok. Malay Coast. January January Ditto. Ditto. Chantabun, Lakonchassi. China, Hainan. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. • Bamplasoi, Parin, Ban- Singapore, Malay Obast. tapan. • Kamboja. Surat, Bombay, America and England. The cane is planted in Used in Siam. June, cut in December and arrives at Bangkok January Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Made at Bangkok. Singapore and Malay Coast Always. Any time. Dec. and Jan. December. Made throughout 18 dif- Used in the country, ferent Provinces. Chantabun, Trigano, Pa- China. tani, Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Difft. times. Ditto. Up-country, Chantabun. Used in the country Ditto, Ditto. Different parts. Ditto. December. Ditto. Made at Bangkok. . Ditto. Sept. to Jan. October. September. Ditto. Ditto ditto by Chinamen. Cochir? China, Malay Coast. Near Bangkok. Used in Siam for dyeing black, Bangkok and throughoat. Used in Siam for making cloth. Difft. times. Any time.

·48 Production of Names of Produce. Price in Ticals. Quantity unnually. Amount Export. in Ticals, Procured. ed. Highest. Lowest. Silk Sarongs or Dresses, 31 feet long, by 34 inches, No... } 20 Say 1,000 No. .. Ditto ditto ditto, 10 2,000 No. 1 .. Ditto, various sorts, ditto, 5 to 8 3,000 No. Ditto, Silk and Cotton, ditto, 3 to 2 6,000 HO Cotton Sarongs, sime size, ditto..... ] Many. . .. Ditto. Fine striped cloth, half cotton half } 6 silk, 6 yards by 30 inches, ditto,.. Ditto Silk Cotton, 6 yards by 24 2) inches, ditto,!. Ditto. Coarse thin Blue Cotton Cloth, same size, ditto,..... Ditto. ....... . . . . . } 11 } 23 Ditto strong white Cotton Cloth, 14 yards by 24 uches, ditto...... Ditto. Turmeric, per Pecul,.. 6 5 5,000 3,000 18,000 Varoisa, ditto, 201 500 & sling. 200,000 700 37,500 Chinamen's Shoes, No. Malay Shoes, per Pair, Antimony, per Pecul, #sling 50,000 300 9,375 2,000 .... .. Hogs' Lard and Tallow, ditto, 10 20,000 10,000 90,000 . Turtle Eggs (same of Revenue,) ditto, .. Plentiful. Teak Timber, hard for ship building, may be purchased in the logs 121 Ticals per Ton of 50 cubic feet, ditto, Ditto 'ditto, soft for house building, .. Ditto ditto, hárd iron wood for Junk Anchors.'alcto,.. .. ..

·49 Siam Annually- Continued. When it arrives in the market. Cheapest time to purchase. Where procured. Where exported. Difft. times. Any time. Bangkok and through-Used by ladies of rank. but. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. General use. Ditto. • Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. May. Difft. times. Ditto. Ditto. namen, Ditto. May. Near Bangkok. Cochin China, Malay Coast, China. Any time. The Siam Province of Used in Siam. Kamboja. Augt. to Dec. Made at Bangkok by China, Cochin Chiga. Chinemen. Any time. Made at Bangkok, by Chi. Malay Coast. Ditto. Paprik, Loa, Teak forests, Used in the county in Bamposoi. manufacturing iron, &c. Ditto. Throughout. Singapore, Malay Coast. Ditto. Bamposoi and adjacent Is- Used in the country as lands, East Coast of the food. Gulf. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto, Ditto. Ditto. → ) Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Teak Fordts. Ditto. H ·50 Production of Price in Ticals. Quantity annually Names of Produce. Amount in Ticals, Highest. Lowest. Procured. Exported. 23 .. Teak Wooden Knees, each,........ Ditto Logs for King's Boats, 120 feet long 1000 Ticals, ditto, Some- . .C { times 20 .. Ditto Litto for Mandırin Boats, 80 feet long 390 Ticals, dito, Ditto, for ditto,.... .. 50 } } } } Many Ditto Planks of any size, 25 Rs. per Ton of 50 cubic feet, . . .. .. .... ance. ma ... } .. . .... ...... .. Woc Sapan, the small sort is preferred, per Pecul, 31 Abund- 1,00,000 3,50,00 Ditto Rose or red, ditto, 13 131,00,000 40.000 60,000 Ditto Black or Ebony, ditto, 25 21 7,000 5,000 12,500 Ditto Agila or Eagle, 1st quality, ditto, 1,000 1,000 20 20 20,000 Ditto ditto 2nd ditto ditto, 400) 100 100 40,000 Ditto ditto diéto, 50 100 800 800 46,000 Ditco Ceylac, a sweet-scented wood, Sl Small 50 ditto, quantity about Ditto Jack, ditto, Ditto Billet, ditto, 8 Wax, įst quality, ditto, 70) 65 4,000 Ditto 2nd ditto, ditto, 60 55 Sik, Raw, ditto, 750 Ditto ditto, 500 600 1,000 Iron, made into various utensils, pots, pans, &c., ditto, } 10 5,000 20,000 Ditto, made into nails, small and (12) 10) large, ditto, 5,000 50,000 Earthen Ware bowls, basons, cups, dishes, &c., large quantity exported 5,000 20,000 to Malay Coast, .. • A .. . . . . 1 } .. ..... 8 .............. sin OC ...... Peculs Ticals 923,815 55,84,955 Tons £ 58,0137 6,98,119 ·,51 Stam Annually-Continued. When it arrives in the market. Cheapest time to purchase. Where procured. Where exported. 'Difft. times. Any time. Ditto, Ditto. The hard Teak Timber Used in the country. for ship-building is procured in the bill forests of Rahing and Changmai. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. The soft timber for house building is procured at Champon, Ligor, Ponga and Pran. Nitto. Ditto. 1 Tec. and Jan. Augt. to Dec. Vitto. Ditto, Ditto. Ditto. Teak forests, Bangposoi, China, Singapore. Bampomung, Munglai, Kamboja mountains. Ditto. China. Chantabun, &c. Ditto. East Coast, Gulf of Siam Ditto for the temples and from Bangposoito Chºn- medicinal purposes. tabun, Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Pfft. timer. Ditto, Ditto, Any time. Ditto. Ditto. Kamboja. Used in Siam for the Pagodas. Pa'.nam. Used in the country. Ditto. Ditto. Kamboja, Lao, Malay Ditto. Coast. Ditto, Ditto. Lao. • Ditto. Made into various uten- Cochia China, Hainan, sils and nails by China Kamboja, and Malay men at Bangkok. Coast. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Dito. Kamboja, Malay Coast. Ditto. Ditto. China. Malay Coust. H 2 ·52 British Piece Goods, sc. imported into Siam. Name and Quality of Goods. No. or Quantity. Quantity. Price in Ticals. 1,000 40 ...... .... 1,000 40 witter, .......... . 5,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 四步占999 .... . od .................. .......... Siam Dresses, or Sarongs, bright red, light blue, or bottle green grounds, with small stars or flowers and dots, between 3 yards 6 inches long by 42 to 44 inches wide, if the latter breadth so much the better, with end borders for the men ; the texture of the cloth is of little consequence, so as it is well glazed and the colouf clear and distinct, Corges Ditto ditto for the women', 3 yards 6 inches long by 42 inches wide with end and side borders. The Siamese, like the Cochin Chinese, seldom wash their dresses, Ditto. Chintz of the above colours 36 yards long by 36 inches wide ; if broader so much the more will they be prized; but it is seldom they are made Pieces Chinta, singh colours, 28 yards by 24 inches, Ditto. Ditto Bengal stripes, ditto, Ditto. Ditto Neutral stripes, 24 yards by 36 inches, Ditto. Ditto Pines, ditto, Ditto. Ditto Setts, ditto, Ditto. Cotton cloth, a light blue, bright red, yellow and white, 40 yards by 36 inches wide, coarse middling quality..... Ditto. Ditto ditto fine, Ditto. Shirting, coarse and middling quality, 40 yards by 24 inches, Ditto. Mada pollams, medium quality, 24 yards by 24 inches, Ditto. White Jaconets, 20 yards by 42 inches wide, coarse and middling quality,.. Ditto. White Cambric, 12 yards by 45 inches, coarse and middling quality,... Ditto. Ditto fine, 12 yards b; 45 inches, for Talapains and covering images,'. Ditto, Turkey red figured cloth, coarse to fine, $ wide,.. Yards Printed Mulls, 20 yards by wide, medium quality, Pieces Book Muslin, low and middling numbers, principally for the Burmese,........................... Ditto. Ditto, No. 5, for the Talapains,..., Ditto. Red Camlet, for Soldiers, coarse, Yards Blue Camlet, for the poor Portuguese, coarse,...... Ditto. Ditto, for the better order of ditto, fine, Ditto. Long Ells, light blue, green and yellow colours, 15 to 17 yards long, by 56 inches wide ; the yellow is for the priests for winter dresses and the quantity may be of that colour,.. Ditto. Ginghams of jnferior quality,.. Ditto. Ditto medir a quality for Portuguese females, Ditto. Cbintz, cs Fl: for gowns, 28 yds. by 24 in., ditto, Ditto. 5,000 2,000 9 to 14 15 ............................ . 2,000 2,000 7 to 8 5 2,000 6 4,000 3 to 5 1,000 7 5,000 $ per yd. 1,000 1,000 2 to 3 500 Readily 5 3,000 300 3001 ........ .......... ... 2,000 3 1,000 500 5 5001 7 pieces.

·03 British Imports-Continued. Name and quality of Goods. No. or Quantity Quantity. Price in Ticals. 1,000 ... .............. 5 11 ... 1,000 1,000 500 1,000 500 . . 25 • C 6 to 12 No. ........ ...... 500 1 Pecul of sugar. 50 20 20 12 20 12 200 3 . Ladies' Pelisse cloth dyed yellow, medium quality for the Priests, Yarda Chintz gown pieces, fine and medium quality, 10 yards by 36 inches, sufficient to make 3 dresses for the females, dashing colours,..... Pieces Coarse Woollens for winter covering, Yards Blankets, coarse, large for winter,:. No. Ditto, coarse, smull ditto, Ditto, Ditto, fine large and small, Ditto. Old Tower Muskets with G. R. and Crown, the old are preferred to the New, as not likely to burst, having they think, been tried. Muskets being con. traband must be given as a present to the King, who returns a Pecul of Sugar for each, . Fowling pieces, old; of dashing appearance, Ditto, Pistols, ditto ditto, Ditto. Ditto, double barrelled, Ditto. Musket Locks, G, R. Towum and Crown,.......... Ditto, Large Mirro“s in dashing gilt frames, convex and concave, which look well at a distance, the larger the better, and the more ornaments of serpents, lions, tigers, monkeys, elephants and monsters in ideas, however ridiculous, the more vill they be prized,.. Ditto. Chandeliers of sorts with many drops, Ditto. Argand lamps, to look well, old fashion, Ditto. Globe banging lamps, large, Ditto. Cabin lamps, Ditto. Decanters, diamond cut, to look well only, Ditto. Ditto, common sort Ditto. Tumblers, large and small, diamond cut, old fashion of dashing appearance, Ditto. Tumblers, common sort, large and small,.. Ditto. Old pieces of glass ware of all descriptions, of broken setts, of little value in Englan, Ditto. Wine, claret, champagne, and dessert glasses, diamond cut and plain, Ditto. Very small scent bottles, with and without gluss stoppers, with brass tops, common, middling and good for scents, Ditto. Cruet stands with 6 to 8 bottles, plated, Ditto. Ditto ditto 4 to 6, ditto common,......... Ditto. Basons, red and blue, quarts,.. Ditto. Plates, soup, white, red and blue, common sort, Ditto. Tea cups, small size, pretty appearance, with flopers and ornaments---common and odd pieces,.. Ditto. Small white cups with handles, Ditto. Tea pots-common sort, to bold about a pint, Ditto. Ditto plated ditto, Ditto. Ditto pewter ditto, Ditto. Dogos Very 30 saleable. 12 Ditto. 12 Ditto. 50 Ditto. 50 Ditto. 100 Ditto. 300 1 ...... .. 300 Galeable. 500 Ditto. 1,000 Ditto. 1,000 Ditto. of each. ... 1,000 Ditto. 24 Ditto 12 24 3 2,000 Saleable. 5,000 Ditto, Ditto. 10,000 Litto. 3,000 Ditto. ,000 Ditto. 50) Ditto. . . . . . ... Ditto, ..

·54 British Imports-Continued. Name and quality of Goods. No. or Quantity. Quuntity. Price in Ticals. . 200 Saleable. 2001 Ditto. 500 -Ditto. 1,000 Ditto. 300 Ditto. 30] Ditto. 2,000 Ditto. 200 Ditto. 12 Ditto . . . . . ...... 2,000 Ditto. 1,000 Ditto. 1,000 Ditto. 1 Say 1,000 Ditto. TI. worth. Tea pots, tin, common, No. Plated Spectacles from 46 to 60 Tears, Ditto. German silver, ditto disto common sort, Ditto. Looking glasses in Mahogany frames, common sort, Ditto. Oil cloth, handsome appearance for the palace, &c... Yards Spy glasses, large and small, second hand, No. Snuff Boxes with Ornaments or any other fancy boxes, transparent, tu hold betel, &c, Ditto. Watches, the most common China trade sort, it is not necessary that tlley, should be good, they try them like monkeys by putting them to their ears to hear if they tick, and that is all that is required, second hand, very cheap, Ditto, Clocks, common sort, not American, they have already got some of them of late, Ditto. Ladies' gilt chains, to look well only, very cheap, for the children, Ditto. Ditto Bangles for the arms for ditto, Ditto. Ditto Broacher, with stones, common, Ditto. Toys of all descriptions, English and Patna, would meet with a ready sale for the children at their merry making holidays in October, Hair Oil well scented with Bergamot, for the ladies of the palace and others of rank, in pretty small stoppered bottles the half with gilt and plated tops, . Ditto. Glass Toilet bottles with stoppers, filled with scents, Ditto. Lavender in bottles of dashing appearance but very cheap, Ditto. Children's Tea services, pretting looking, cheap, Sects. Artificial flowers for the Pagodas, common, but pretty to look at, would go off readily, Ditto. False Pearls, much esteemed,.. Peculs Glass Beads of all colours, buttons, earrings, &c..... Ditto. Coral Beads and Necklaces, No. Mock Corals, large and small in great demand, White Silk, flowered, for the ladies--Medium,..... Yards Musical Boxes plaging from 2 to 6 pretty lively Scotch airs, No. Self-performing organs, playing from 6 to 12 do, Ditto. Guitars-native male, Ditto. Some cheap bazar cloth and white coats, waistcoats, trowsers, jackets and shirts, for the Portuguese Christinns, to the extent of, Furniture Chiotz, well glazed,.large flowers, 24 Yards, Pieces Paints, green, blue, black, red, .......... Kegs Tarpentine, A.. Gallons Lipseed Oi! . Ditto. 500 Ditto. 100 Ditto. .... .... 100 Ditto. 200 Ditto. .. - . . . . . . . . . . . 3,000 Ditto. Rs.worth. 2 W'ell. 200 Rs.worth. 200 Well. 300 TI. worth. 200 ..... 24 Saleable. 12 Ditto: 100 Ditto. ... Rs. 500 Readily. 1,000 12 20 of each per lb. 100 4 3001 3 . ..... .

·,55 British Imports-Continued. Name and quality of Goods. No, or Quantity Quantity. Price in Ticals. 100 ... ..... Twine, . Maunds Paisley Square Sbawls, white imitation Cashmere not expensive, No. 'Ditto red, green and yellow, Ditto. Velvet silk, red, green and blue, Yard's Cotton ditto, ditto ditto, Ditto. Gauze, white, Ditto: Cotton Umbrellas, common sort, No. Silk ditto, small, cheap, . Ditto. 2,000 200 200 500 10 1,000 Well. 1,000 1 ,100 3 .... .

·56, Imports of India Goods to Siam. Quality of Goods. No. or Quantity Quantity. Price in Ticals. 1,000 25 to 30 1,200 25 to 30 1,000 18 to 20 500 500 1,000 35 28 20 ... ... ... .. Siam Dresses, or Sarongs (Chintz) bright red, light blue and bottle green grounds, with small stars or flowers and dots between, 3 yards 6 inches long by 42 to 44 inches broad, of the latter breadth so much the better, with end borders for the men. The texture of the cloth is of no consequence, 80 as the coloyrs are clear and distinct. The Siamese with regard to cleanliness resemble ther neigh. bours, the Cochin Chinese a great deal, inasmuch as they seldom or never wash their dresses, Corges Ditto ditto for the women with the addition of side, borders, viz. (end and side borders) 3 yards 2 or 3 inches long by 40 inches wide, Ditto. Chintz of the above patterns, 10 yards by 36 to 40 inches wide, sufficient to make 3 dresses, for com. mon purposes. Pitto. Chintz, patterns*as above, 12 cubits by 27 cubits, 1st quality, Ditto. Ditto ditto, 2nd quality, Ditto ditto, 3rd ditto...po Children's Chintz dresses of the above patterns with end borders, 4 in a piece, each I yard 34 inches 'to 2 yards 22 mches long, from 27 to 33 inchce wide, Ditto. Gurrahs, red, 36 cubits by 21, of different qualities,.. | Ditto. Ditto blue, same size ditto, Ditto. Moories, blue, 22 cubits by 24, different qualities, Ditto. Ditto fed, same size, Ditto. Raftas, blue, same size ditto, Ditto. Ditto red, ditto ditto, Ditto. Sannabs, coarse, medium and fine, 44 cubits by 24,. Ditto. 'Mamoodies ditto, 40 cubits by 21, Ditto. Cavabs, Tanjibq, 44 cubits by 21, Ginghams, coarse, middling and fine, Dacca Sarries ..... White cloth, coarse, medium and fine, always in de. mand and saleable, Pieces Palempores, No. Bandannas, coarse and fine, square, Meces Taffaties, Small Dacca Muslin, coarse, medium and fine, for marriage ceremonies and covering images, Yards Liquorice root, Peculs Aloes, Ditto. Almonds, ..:: Ditto. Arsenic, whity and yellow, Ditto. Red and you w Ochre, Ditto. Ditto. .. .... 500 80 200) 20 to 30 200) 20 to 30 200 18 to 25 200 18 to 25 2001 25 to 30 2001 25 to 30 3001 50 to 70 2001 50 to 60 Wanted Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. 0 ........ .. ... .. ...... .......... ........ I. 2,000 1,000 1 to 4 500 6 to 9 Quantity. OC . .......... ..... . 00 5,000 30 40 20 201 25 10] to 1 12 20 10 25 4 16 OC Raisins, Beststan Gulf,....

·57 Indian Goods-Continued. No. Quality of Goods. or Quantity. Ticals Price in Quantity. .... ..... .10 12 16 .. . .. .. .. . .... 60 . 10 5 25 100 20 20 15 10 15 . er C . ... .... OC 35 16 12 5 . .. • 60 ... ...... . . . . . . . . 9. V OC ... . .... C .. ... .. . . C ...C . .... .... .. .C .... . . .. ..... Ditto inferior, Ditto. Senna Leaf, Ditto Putchuck-root, Ditto. Saltpetre, Ditto. Munjeet, Ditto: Safflower,.. Ditto. Tincal, Ditto. Olibanum, Ditto Galingal, Ditt Galnuts, [Atto. Asafoetida, Ditto B'dellium, Ditto. Rose Water, Persian Gulf, Ditto. Ditto. Nutmegs from Malay Coast, Ditto wild, ditto, Ditto. Sago, Ditto, Ditto. Toitoise Shell, ditto, Ditto. Turmeric, ditto, Ditto. Wax, ditto, Ditto. Fish Mams, from the Malay Coast, Peculs Gambier, ditto, Ditto. Ditto. Camphor, ditto, Cloves, ditto, Ditto. Coffee, ditto, Ditto. Ditto. Ditto Mocha, Persian Gulf, Wax Candles, Malay Coast, Ditto. Cassia, ditto, Ditto. Rattans, ditto, Ditto. Turpentine, Bengal, ditto, Gallons Soap, Dacca, ditto........... Peculs Blankets, Patna, ditto coarse, No. Ditto small ditto, Ditto. Gum Tragacanth or Gum Dragon, from Turkey,.... Peculs Gunjah for Smoking (this must be sold to the Chi. naman who farms the Opium,) Maunds Dozens Honey in French bottles (quarts,) Maunds Rope assorted for Junks, I to 3 inches, Lines of sorts, country, Ditto, Dozens Castor Oil in clear quart French bottles, Mustard Oil in Hbds., Hhds. Ditto. Linseed Oil in ditto, Ditto. Rum, Bengal, Prunes, called Allo Buckara, from the Persian Gulf, Peculs Aniseed, Pitto. Ditto. Cummin Seed, Coriander Seed, Ditto. Ditto. Carraway Seed, 20 18 15 14 20 20 5 90 10 25 50 4 .30 3 30 40 40 to 80 50 4 60 30 25 150 14 30 18 30 80 2 300 200 3 20 10 2,000 2 1,500 1 100 16 .. . .... SC ...... .... uc C ... . . .... ...... d:-1లు ... . . . . . . . .. . .......... .... 500 12 12 200 100 20 12 68 Tls. per Maunds. maund. 34 Rs. per gallon. 6 1 R. per gallon. 20 30 100 10 100 12 001 ..... ... .. OC . C C C .. . . C . C I ·58 Indian Goods-Continued. Quality of Goods. Price in No. Or Quantity. Quantity. Ticals. ...c ...... . .. . 1 ... ........ ............. .... .. ........ Otto of Roses,... Phials 6 Glass Beads, green, rel, blue, &c., Peculs 10 Ditto Finger rings set in brass, Dozens 20 Coral Beads, Catties 20 weight. Coral small ditto, Ditto. 104 Tls. for 1 Tl.p.ct. Mock Coral, Peculs Ceylon stones, buttons, ear-rings, finger-rings, 5 and 6 stones set in Pettiar, Dozens 50 Spectacles common sort 40 to 60 Years, Ditto. 30 Cutlery Balasore, common knives, 1, 2 and 6 blades, Razors, Scissors, About 200 Rs. 50 p. ct. worth. Looking Glasses of various sorts and sizes, common, Ditto. 200 Rs. Ditto. worth, A large assortment of Patna Toys of all sorts, Ditto. 500 Rs, Ditto. worth. Rose Water, Geuzeepore, put in quart French bottles, Bay 24 1 Cashmere Shawls, cheap sort, square and no other,.. No. 12 Cawnpore Saddles and Bridles for Ponies, Pitto. 12 Ditto second-hand at Auction, Ditto. 12 Worked Worsted and Sík Slippers, Ditto. 12 Horse Blankets, and covering for horses, small und large for natives in winter, Ditto. 1,500 1 to 13 Blacks assorted, native made second-hand of differ. ent sizes, Ditto. 500 Required. Country Canvas, No. 1 to 6, Bolts 50 10 Oil a Nutmegs, Cinnamon, Maçe, Cassia, Cloves, put in small country-made vſals, Dozens 50 Saleable. Country-made Chandeliers, Tumblers and Wine Glasses of all sizess for the Pagodas, About 1,000 Rs. Ditto. worth, Almanner of odd piecus ef glass.ware and hanging lamns, always saleable, Ditto. 1,000 do. Myrrh from Persian Gulf, reject the black, Peculs 12 Cocculus Indicus, from ditto, a small berry, Ditto. 2 Bezour Lapis (ditto) medical stone, Small Quantity. Balm of Mecca, from Persian Gulf, .... Ditto. (Costus root, from ditto, Ditto. Galbanum, from ditto, Ditto. Gum Arabic, from ditto, Maunds 30 Bhaugulpore Carpets, small size, 8 by 7 feet, No. 50 Ditto bedside ditto, cheap,... Ditto. 100 Ginger Syrup, Lemon ditto, in French quarto, Say 12 14 Verdigris,.... Maunds 201 26 ..... ...... . . C .... .... ...... OC . .................. ...... AY ·59 China Goods imported into Siam-Annually. Quality of Goods. No. or Quantity Quantity. Price in Ticals. . . . . . • • • . . . . . . .... ...... ........ ... ... White Copper, made into stands and various dishes, Peculs 500 Different. 'Brass ditto, Ditto. 200 60 Copper Utensils of various sorts,... Ditto." 200 100 Flowered Silk, white, blue and green, 18 yards by 24 inches different qualities, Prices 5,000 4 to 10 Ditto Satin, ditto ditto,.. Ditto. 5,000 5 to 12 Ditto ditto ditto, fine,.. Ditto. 200 20 Silk surongs of various qualities, blue, brown and green, 3} yards by 44 inches, Ditto. 2,000 4 to 6 Chinamen's dresses of different sorts, Nankeen Silk, Satin and Velvet, No. 20,000 to 10 Silk Velvet, purple, blue, green and black of different qualities, 18 yards of piece, Prices 500 6 to 12 Red cotton cloth, inferior quality for poor class, 18 yards by 6, Ditto. 3,000 31 to 6 Chinamen's Silk theatrical dresses of different descriptions, Dresses 500 1 to 50 Nankeen;" white, blue, yellow of different qualities and sizes, broad and narrow, Prices 10,000 1 to 21 Chinamen's shoes and caps, No. 50,000 Earthen ware bowls, basons 4 to 7 inches diameter for Chinamen's rice and meat, Ditto. A million Flut-bottomed plates for rice 9 inches diameter, Ditto. 50,000 Spittoons, green and blue, 8 inches diameter by 14 inches deep,.. Ditto. 5,000 Earthenware plates, small basons, cups and saucers, small sort, water jars with serpents or monsters of To the India, amount of 50,000 Small dishes 5 in a set, to hold betel, chunam, & Ticals. with spiral tops, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 inches deep and 1} inch diameter, No. 20,000 Dishes, like butter dishes with covers, 8 inch deep and 1 inch diameter, Ditto. 2,000 Small oil pots like the above, 1 inch deep and 2 inches diameter, Ditto. 10,000 Dishes with spiral covers to hold oil for the hair and body, 54 inches deep, and 7 inches diameter, Ditto. 3,000 Round betel-nut dishes with covers, icebes deep, and 17 inch diameter, 3 if a set, Ditto. 50,000 to } Ditio with spiral tops, same size, Ditto. 50,000 Ditto. Tobacco dishes and covers, 14 inch by # inch deep, plain and gilt, Ditto. 50,000 z to t Round lip-salve dishes and covers, 14 inch diameter by $ inches deep, plain and gilt, Ditto. 50,000 Ditto. Small round dishes and covers, to hold oil for the . hair, 14 inches middlé, 1} inches deep at top and 18) deep, different qualities,.. Ditto. 50,00 Various. . $ to 1 tot 1 . . . . . . ... .... I 2 ·60 China Goods-Continued. Quality of Goods. No. or Quantity Quantity. Price in Ticals. . 50,000 to, 50,000 & to #to 1 25,000 5,000 5,000 ...C Brags pawn leaf boxes with covers, 64 inches long, 2 inches broad and *} inch deep, different qualities and workmanship, No. Chinamen's brass dishes with tops, 5] inches long, 14 inch diameter and 3 inches deep, Ditto. Square brass boxes with figures of elephants and monsters in idea, tue more ridiculous, the more they are prized, 2 inches bioad, 6 inches long, 2 inches deep, Ditto. Small white earthenware Bottles with stoppers, Ditto. Small ditto, scent bottles with ditto,.... Ditto. Small cups of sorts, blue, red and white, 1} inch diameter, Ditto. Small meat dishes, painted different colours with spiral tops from 1 to 2 inches deep, 5 in a set... Ditto. Small yellow cups with round covers from 14 to 2 inches diameters for beetel, Ditto, Died blue Ns.okeen cloth, medium to fine quality for the better orwer of Chinaman, of different lengths and breadtbs, 10, 18, 28 yards by 24 to 36 inches wide, Pieces Ditto ditto, red and blue for the poor people, 24 inches broad, 10, 18, 28 yards,... Ditto. Crape shawls, square, white, blue and green of uif. ferent qualities, Ditto. Crąde, white, blue and green of different qualities, 18 yards, Ditto. Silk camlet of different kinds, 18 yards, Ditto. Dama'sk lutestring and figured silk. Yards 500,000 5 Tls. per 100 10,000 to 15 50,000 7 Tis. per 100 . 10,000 15p.yarul, . . .. .. 20,000 2 as. per yard. 20,000 5 to 6 2,000 2:08 4,000 to 1 5,000 Different pieces. 5,000 3,000 5 100 20 Curtain gauze, different qualities and sizes, Silk handkerchiefs, white and red, Camphor, unrefined, • Webebs, Pieces Ditto. Maund Small Quantity Peculs Human hair, Tiles, a large quantity, Gold leaf for the temples, .. Large Quantity Books fTaund 2 3,000 500 1 I... . .. Mock gold leaf in packets, Quicksilver, Grass cloth, single and double pieces, 18 yards by 20 inches, Ditto handkerchiefs, 10 in piece, Chinese hams, 8 to 10 lbs. each, Silk sewing thread, .......... Umbrellas of various sorts, w............. Long ells, Enish, in pieces of 18 yards Broadcloth, jedium and fine, Assiseed, ..... . . . . . . . . Pieces Ditto. No. Maunds No. Pieces Yards Piculs 2,000 8 to 16 200 1,000 101 10,000 to 1 200 60 1,000 14 to 31 1001 10 ... ..

·61 China Goods--Continued. Quality of Goods. No. or Quantity. Quantity. Price in Ticah. Lime-stone, ..... A good deal. Dittra A great quantity. .. Smoking tobacco, "Medical and other Roots of different sorts, Silk twist, white, green, blue, red, yellow, Copper, brass and iron Wire, large and small, Coarse china drawings with and without frames, Small folding bed frames, iron, in a box, Bamboo couches and chairs, Wooden arm chairs, small, dyed red, Knives, common sort, 1 and 2 blades,. Chisels, files and rasps, coarst sort, to 1 Peculs Ditto. No. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto, Ditto. to 2 ... ...... II. 2,000 10,000 ,500 1,000 200 30,000 Large quantity. Ditto. Ditto. 3,000! 600 80,000 2 2,000 Large quantity. 30,000 30,000 üws large and small of sorts, Cbina made,.. issors, large and s...ull for Tailors, Cea moss in baskets, to make soup, Brass table laipps of sizes, China counters, small and large, Silk fringe for beds, Brass articles for bed furniture, Artificial flowers, plain and gilt for Pagodas, 0 6 to 1 Peculs No. Ditto. Peculs Ditto. toinen .. . No. Ditto. to } ito .... Ditto. 10,000 što Ditto. 20,000 ... .It to $ Brass locks, China made, ..... Brass bangles for children - wrists and ankles, Small black and red wooden boxes, square and octagonal with and without locks, Square wooden platters, 8 inches long by 5 and 6 inches diameter, Glass earrings. set in brass, red, green, blue, and yellow for chiliiren, Ditto finger rings, same colours, ditto, Glue, Brimstone, Small paper fans of different sorts, Small transparent boxes, like snuff boxes, the edges set with pieces of glass of colours, for betel, Coarse cinnamon from Hainan, Dice in small boxes for gambling, Chinamen's gambling cards, Rhubarb,.... ChMdren's toys of all descriptions of the most paltry kind, paper, wood, &c.,.. Ditto. Ditto. Peculs Dittc No. 29,000 20,000 it to $ 500 500 10,000 .. C TT Cohen Ditto. Peculs Boxes Packs Peculs 2,000 500 20.000 ► 20,000 500 .. 2. 1. .... ............... .... Small boxes of children's toys, Stick Liquorice..... Lanthorns, common sort, Chinamen's chop or eating sticks, No. Peculs No. 100 *Great quantity. 1,000 to 1 100 30 5,000 Ghat quantiy ·62. China Goods-Continued. Quality of Goods. Price in No. or Quantity. Quantity. Ticals. Tircal,.. Paint, red, blue, black, white and green,.. Musket Locks, Europe, Puppet shows, Peculs No. ܝܤܙ Pickled onions, garlic, '&c., Oranges in baskets, Lechees ditto,.... Chinamen's dressing cases of sorts, paltry sort, Common, blank writing books, Writing paper, china, Jars Baskets Ditto. No. Ditto. ... A small quantity. 500 300 2' Great many. 50,000 10,000 2 5,000 3,000 500,000 što Large quantity. A good deal. 500 A good deal. Ditto. 10,000 Various. 100,000 5,000 100,000 10,000 10,000 5,00 20 15,000 1 to 3 Lack soy, Match paper, • • • • Peculs 7 Chiile ink, fine and coarse, ........ .. .. . 0 ... .... for .......... Ditto, common for marking sugar-bags, &c., Musical instruments of sorts, inferior quality, Bamboo pipes, Musquito curtains in small paper boxes, Tin pipes, Spectacles, common sort, Razors ditto, Tutenague, Gongs of different sizes,.. Rattan mats for floors 7 by 6 feet, Stones for sharpening instruments, No. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Peculs No. Ditto. atom . C OC . . . • O C .. 300 ... ... .. .. Vermicelli, Vermilion, coarse and fine, China root, hlint stones, Vainish, inferior sort, China boats and sampans, Painted cane blinds, Mace, Marble, Peculs Peculs Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. No. Ditto. Peculs A great many 100 20 100 500 500 7 150 8 300 10 to 15 1,000 390 Small quantity. Great many. 30,000 } to .......... Paint brushes, No. ...... .... Ditto. Tumblers, small and large, common in China, Wine Glasses, large, common, før holding flowers in the Pagodas, Ditto. . Mirrors of sorts, China, dasking appearance, Glass lamps, alimmon sort, Chandeliers Latto, Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. 50,000 3 Tls. per 100 500 I to 3 3,000 & to 505 to 20 . ... ..

·63 China Goods--Continued. Quality of goods? No. or Quantity. Quantity. Price in Ticals. . . . . . . . Small Glass vials with stoppers for oil, Tea-pots with tin and brass handles, Glass candlesticks, most paltry description, Brass ditto ditto, Oil of cassia and cloves, No. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. مسلم ...C .. .. 50,000 2 p. 100 30,000 } to 1 5,000 5,000 Small quantity. Great Iquantity. Ditto. 1 Paper for sacrificial purposes, 3 ... Incense rods for the Pagodas, Cassia beads, Sandal-wood sticks for the Pagodas, Peculs .. Q. ...C .. .... . . Saffron, Fishing lines of sorts, Aloes, red, .. Gall-nuts fine, and middling, Preserves of sorts, ginger, &c., Ditto. Ditto. Jars Great many. Ditto. Ditto. 300 25 100 12 to 28 Great quantity 27,000 I to 3 Great many, . . . . ........ No. Ivory fans, inferior to best, Puzzles of different sorts, common and ivory, ·61 Annual Revenue of Siam. From what Sources. Ticals. مه ...... ... . . C C Conscription Tax for exemption from Goverpment service on all except the Chinese who pay a Poll Tax, Poll Tax on the Chinese, Gambling Tax, throughout the Country, Tax for Fishing on the river Menam, Land Tax, Shop-keepers' Tax on shore and on the river,.... Judicial Fees and Fines,........ Tax on Betelnut, Cocoanut, Fruit Trees, &c., Customs Duties,.... Tax on Spirits throughout all the provinces, Tax on Monopoly of Pepper (the Government pay the Grower 8 Ticals per Pecul and sell it again for 12 Ticals,) Cardamums, Ivory, Gamboge, Sugar, Turtles' eggs, Agela, and Sapan Woods, Cotton, &c., Teak Timber, Miscellaneous,'' Profits arising from Trade with China, Singapore, and Malay Coast, 23,280,500 890,000 620,000 85,000 3,859,000 150,000 150,000 630,000 500,000 820,000 ...C ... . . . . . 707,500 150,000 30,000 "1,500,000 ........ Ticals,.... 33,372,000 Or € 4,171,500 ·Number of Junks, Ships, Briys and Vessels of all descriptions trading to Siam annually, Shewing the Quantity of Touniye from each Port and amount in value. I! From What Porte. Average value of Junk's each 1821. 1825. 1826. 1850. 1827. 1836. 1813. Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity No. of Burthen Amount No. of Amount No. of of Ton. No. of of Ton: No. of of Ton- No. of of Ton- Nog off of lon- Junks. ige. each. Tonnage. Junks. Tonnage. Junks. nage. Junks. Peculs. Peculs. Peculs. Peculs. Peeuls. Peculs. Peruls. Peculs. Cargo. Total value Ticals. Remarks nage. Junks. nage. Junks, nage. Junks. . 15,000. 45,000 Canton. The Junks arrive in January and sail,.. 3 3 45,000 3 45,000 3 45,000 4 60,000 60,000 4 60,000 (from the Middle of May, to Middle of July, 40,000 160,000 These Vessels belong to the Government of Siam. 12,000 324,000 Part to ditto and past to Chinese Merchants at Bangkok, 8,000 240,000 22 88,000 22 88,000 18 72,0001 21 84,000 25 100,000 26 101,000 27 109,000 2,5001 50,000 25 Ditto, ditto, ..... 25 62,500 26 65,000 24 60,000 28 75,000 30 70,000 30 75,000 Ditto Ditto, ditto, 36 8,000. 24,000 24,000 3 24,000 25,000 100,000 Ditto ditto.. 3 24,000 32,000 32,0.0 4 4 32,000 to o Ditto, ditto, 3 10,000 30,000 30,000 3 30,000 120,000 Ditto ditto. 30,000 4 40,000 4 40,000 4 10,000 4 40,000 Fokien, Nimpo, Kiangnan, Shanghai, 8,000 8 64,000 12 96,000 8 64,000 13 104,000 20,000 300,000 112,000 13 11 104,000 15 120,000 Owned by the Chinese Merchants of these Ports. 10 6,000 Ditto, 60,000 14 81,000 12 72,000 11 66,000 13 78,800 13 78,000 14 20,000 280,000 84,000 . Ilainan. Arrive in January, and sail in May, and June, 45 2,500 112,500 64 160,000 52 130,000 64 160,000/ 63 10,000 680,000 These Junks belong to Hainan. 157,500 65 170,000 162,500 68 . Cochin China, ditto ditto, ........ 36 7,000 357,000 Ditto ditto, to Cochin China. 800 28,000 38 30,400:40 32,000 43 34,100 47 37,600 50 40,000 51 40,800 Malay Coast. Arrive and sail at different times,.. 35 700 24,500 30. 21,000 27 18,900 34 23,800 38 25,600 40 28,000 45 31,500 4,000 100,000 There Junks principally belong to the Malays on the coast and a few to Siam. Singapore, ditto ditto, 22 2500 55,000 23 57,000 24 60,000 25 62,500 28 70,000 30 75,000 30 75.000 to 3,000 Ditto ditto ditto, 20,000 1,300,000 Part of these Vessels belong to the Government of $ium, part to the Chinese Merchants at Bangkok, and a few to the Chinese Merchants at Singapore. 25 2,000 50,000 24 48,000 7 54,000 29 58,000 29 58,000 30 60,000 35 700 . l'ersian Gulf. Arrive in September, and sail in December, Brig, 3,200 3,200 3,2001 6,400 2 30,000, Native Merchants in the Persian Gulf. 1 3,200 3,200 3,200 1 3,2001 Singapore. Arrive at different times, generally detained 3 Months,... Ships, 2 5,200 10,100 80,0:10 Englislı Merchants. 8,000 3 15,000 4,000 2 9,000 2 8,000 10,100 2 America, ditto ditto, 4,000 4,000 7 1,000 4,000 2 8,000 60,000 American ditto. 8,000 2 2 8,000 Overland Trade, from Singapore and Penang, in Opium and Piece Goods viâ Queda &c. over the Mountains, 200,000 Conducted by Governancnt people and the Chinese Merchants of Bangkok. ..... Bangkok. 241 618,600 265 76,100; 219 692,300 76, 769,900 302 859,900 314 1877.700 332 9.57 300 . 4,331,000 or L541,375 or 58, 5813 Tous!

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·07 Couns, WEIGHTS AND MEASURES IN SLAM. .. 3 . . . . . . . 212; Cowties make.. i Silver Phya. 2 Phyas | Song Phya. 2 Song Phyas 1 Fuong 2 Fuong 1 Sling 4 Slings i Tical or 61; Cents ngarly 2s 6d. 4 Ticals | Tomling. 20 Tomlings 1 Catty of 50 Ticals. 50 Catties of Silver .. 1 Pecul of 4,000 Ticals. Weights. 16 Tomlings make 1 Catty. 100 Catties 1 Pecul or 129. lbs. Meusures of Rice and Salt. 21 Cocoanut Shells make 1 Measure. 100 Measures 1 Coyan or 25 Peculs. It is usual to give two measures in addition to every hundred m'easures of Rice and Salt. Siam Paddy. 25 Cocoanut Shells make 1 Measure. 80 Measures 1 Coyan, or 20 Peculs. 2 Measures allowed as in Rice and Salt to every 80 Measures. Samsoo or Spirits. 25 Cocoanut Shells make 1 Jar or Pecul. Ship Measuring to pay duty. 2 Spans make 1 Culit of 19] Inches. 1 Cubits 1 Fathom. )) . .. > • • • • • • Timber Measure. | Camround make .. 93 Inches. 1 Fathom 79 Inches. Long and Land Measure. 12 Finger breadth make .. jl Span. 2 Spans 1 Cubit 19 Inches. 4 Cubits 1 Fathom. 20 Fathoms l'Seil. 100 Sen 1 Yut. The large Junks belonging to the Government of Cima and Siam or to any of the nobility pay no duty, all the others pny a dyty of 40 Ticals per Fathon on the extreme brehdth of the Vessel or breadth of .. >> ·68 5 the beam, at the broadest part, and a duty on Imports and Exports of 2} per cent. The IIainan and Cochin Chinese Junks pay the same. Junks trading to the Malay Coast pay a duty of 130 Ticals per Fathom of the breadth of the beam, but they pay no Import or Export duties. English Vessels used to pay 118 Ticals per Fathom of the extreme breadth of the beam, with a duty of 8 per cent. on the Import Cargoes, and on Export duty according to the quality of the goods, aperaging about 2} per cent. all this was altered by “ Colonel Burney's Treaty, which is as follows :- A vessel having no Import Cargo pays 1,500 Ticals per fathom on the extreme breadth of the beam, and, a vessel having a Cargo pays 1,700 Ticals, which includes all charges for Imports, Exports, Pilotage, Port Charges, &c. Though these charges might have been all very well for a large vessel carrying a valuable Cargo and taking away another, they were quite frightful and ruinous for small vessels of 200 Tons or so. His present Majesty has lately reduced the charges on English Vesels to 1000 Ticals per fathom, instead of 1,709 T'icals including all duties in Imports, Exports, &c., but still this is much too high. SCALE OE WAGES, &c. AT SIAM. Ticals. Boat Pullers,.. per month 21 Blacksmiths,.. 15 House Carpenters, 15 Ship Carpenters, 15 Sawyers, 15 Bricks per 1000, 2 Ditto usual size, 31 Tiles per 1800, Coolies, 23 Kadjain Mats, to thatch houses per 100 small, Ditto ditto,.. .. large, 23 Ditto ditto,.. largest size, 3} Bamboos to support floating houses according to the size of the house, per 100, 31 to A floating house may be purchased, 350 to 400 Rent of the best floating houses, .. per month, 16 Ditto small ditto. 6 to 10 But of Houses immediately in front of the Pracklanges house, brick built, containing 4 Godowns below and 4 rooms above, length 98 feet and breadth 18 feet, 80 • per month, ·„,69 1 → 3) .15 3 Price Ticals. Canoes to hold 1 person and 3 Pullers, 7 Ditto, ditto 8 Ditto, ditto 2 6 Ditto, ditto 2 8 30 Mandarin's Boats of various sizes and descriptions handsomely fitted out and gilted, &c. from 40 to 120 feet lony, hewn out of one tree, from 500 to 4000. Junks built by my person but the Government complete with masts, rigging, &c., 2} Tical per Pecul. A ship built by an European of 500 Tons complete Ticals, 30,000 Number of houses at Bangkok... 12,000 Number of floating houses or shops on each side of the banks of the river for about 5 miles, and on shore,.. 800 Number of shops on Shore, 500 for sea, . .. .

·70, 1 Names of Provinces, Cities, Towns axd Villages of Siam, with the number of inhabitants and from what Countries immigrated --not including those in the interior after Agricultural pursrits, included in the total number. 0 Bangkok, October 10th, 1819. C Names of Places. From what Countıy. Number Number of people of people in 1826. i 1849. Siamese, ....... 48,090 50,000 Chinese, .... 60,700 81,000 Peguers, 15,000! 19,000 Laos, 3,500 3,590 Cambojans, 1,000 1,030 Tavoyans, 700) 500 Population of Banghok,.... Cochin Chinese, 500 600 Malays, 2,000 1,800 ..c Moors,.. 1,500 1,500 Kiņdoos, 150 150 ........ Christians of Portuguese Pa- 950 961 rents born in the Country, 1,31,090 1,60151 ·71 Siamese Names of Citics, &c. Siamese. Chinese. Malays. : Peguers. Laos. Cambojan. Cochin Chinese. 380 .. 370 850 130 250 .. ... 105 .......... .. 50 280 150 70 70 631 710 290 .... . 961 .. 30 510 70 370 350 1,200 1,800 1,500 190 .... ••••• .. .. 19,500 20,000 250 380 220 275 130 195 250 390) 830 2,500 110 530 186 2,318 70 550 2,715 320 530 1,800 3,500 2,150 520 95 510 1901,200 75 420 890 2,500 3,000 3,500 1,200 850 780 520) 3701 630 390 690 180 150) 150 530 5,100 3,720 150 390 2,200 2,830 220 350 180 250 170 230 180 230 320 210 3,750 8301 1,050 3,500 2,200 380 230 3001 . .. .. .... .. .. .. Krung, former Capital, Mushg 11,..... Muang Phrom, Muang Sing, Muang San, Muang Xainat, Muang Manniam,.. Muang Lakee Krang, The Sung Cruog Tuphian, Muang Uthai, Muang Lakon, Muang Phichet, Muang Phopalok, Muang Phixar,...... Muang Fang, Muang Phree, Muang Non,.. Bangpho, Muang Sang holok,. Muang Sokhchi,.... Muang Sakun thai, Muang Capheeng, Muang Kabeeng, Muang Metac, Muang Thon, Muang Sain Buri,... Muang Phetxahun, Muang Khorat,..... Muang Nang Kong,. Muang Pakhon, Muang Suria, Muang Sangkha, Muang Nakhon Vat, Muang Battahang, Muang Sang, Muang Kaxaburi, Muang Canburi, Muang Sisavat,.. Muang Xayok, Muang Pbitxaburi, Muang Xaija, Lakhon, Muung Xalang,..... Muang Songkhla,.. Muang Taling, Muang takna thung, Muang Talibing, Bangpasoi, Bangpoming,.. Rajong, Chantabun, .. ... ... .. .. .. 219 150 350 370 150 800 5,500 150 2,000 150 1,500 350 450 150 180 250 180 1801 2,200 15,000 350 2,500 ... 250 170 .. 2,100 4,000 350 .. 250 . .. 530 ......... .. 2,700 800 3,500 1,800 8,700 2,500 890 600) 6,200 3,750 10,200 4,200 2,200 1,800 620 860) 1,500 390) 370 890 720 15,000 7,900 4,300 6,200 15,000 1,500 7,500 13,000 3,500 870 1,050 620 1,800 14,000 I. .. .

·72. Siamese Names of Cities,&c. t 950 2,300 1,300 . i .. ... . . OC .. . 320 1,200 1,150 8,800 2,300 7,000 1,000 3,200 1,100 4,500 970 700 1,350 930 2,950 . 450 1,500 2,750 15,000 18,000 22,000 13,000 2,500 7,250 3,570 8,560 .. .. . .. .. . .... .. ........ .. .. .. IC .. Thung Jai, MALAYS. Muang Tana, Muang Tepha, Muang Mapychek, Muang Tani,.. Muang Jaung, Muang Calantan, Muang Trangkana, Muang Ning Sai, Muang Perra, Muang Ranjee, Muang Sải, Siam. Muang Sam, Muang Pak, Muang Savannaphum, Muang Sikit,.. Muang Roe a, ........ Muang Wreng Chun, Muang Pasak, Muang Lung Phubung, Muang Kieng Mai, Muang Lamphun,.. Muang Kieng Seem, Muang Kieng Roi, Myang Mee Nam Khong, Muang Kharianajok, Bang Kbong,.... Muang Packein, Lakhan Kaisie, Muang Suphan, Pakoani tha Thin,.. O. . . . . . . . . .. . .. Oo 3,250 1,300 750 1,050 2,500 900 5,500 3,200 150,000 15,000 10,500 2,500 15,000/ 5,300 1,550 5,750 42,000 6,050) .... .. . .. . .. .. .. .... 950 470 300 1,200 620 1,870 220 7.30 750 6,320 670 2,200 1280 750 . .. C ·73 Population of Sram. 1847. 1849. ....... 1 .... . . . . . .. Siamese, 1,400,000 1,500,000 Chinese, 800,000 1,100,000 Laos, 4 Provinces belonging to Siam, 700,000 700,000 The 4 Provinces belonging to Burmah, contain, I have been informed, as many and are equally valuable, Kambojans 1 Province belonging to Siam, 130,000 130,000 Malays including the Tributary States, 160,009 170,000 Peguers, A great many went to Siam, after the last Bur: mese War having been brutally treated by the Burl. mese, 30,000 40,000 Cochin Chinese, 2,000 2,000 Burmese, 6,500 7,000 Hindoos, 150 150 Moors,.... 2,500 2,500 Christians, descendants of Portuguese, born in the Country, 1,500 1,500 3,252,650 3,653,150 The increase of Population in Siam from 1827 to 1850, arises from tlie immigration of Chinamen, which has been at the rate oy an average for the last ten years of 15,000 annually. ...... .. C C .. .. .. ...

·74 A Short l'ocabulary of Siamese Words for the use of Truder. to Siain. 1 Nung. 2 Sóng. 3 Sámie .. 4 See. 5 Ilá, 6 Ilok. 7 Chet. 8 Pet. 9 Kaú. 10 Seep. Il Seep bet. 12 Seep sóng 13 Seep sám. 14 Seep see. 15 Seep há. 16 Seep hók. 17 Seep chet. 18 Seep pét. 19 Seep kaú. 20 Yee sep. Numerals. 21 Ye sep et. 30 Sám sib. 40 Si sib. 50 Hí sib. 60 Hók sıb. 70 Chet sıb. 80 Pet sib. 90 Kaú sib. 100 Roi nung. 1000 Pan nung. 10,000 Mun nung. 100,000 Sen nung. 1,000,000 Lan nung. 10,000,00 Két nung. 100,000,000 Kotee. & So-un séean. K, hrung nung, Song bo-un. Sám hrung. 4 English. Better, Bow, Boat, Buffalo, Benjamin, Siamese. Kom. Chana. Rua. Quai. Kumeyan, с A English Siamese. Above, Bun. Agila wood, Kistna. All, Tangsea. Also, Séena. Any, Arai. Anger, K, hrot. Arrow, Sok-son. Article, la) Nung. Ai ise Lók. Attachment, Love, Endoo. Aunt Min. Aunt by mother's side, Away, Ak. Averse, Satrookan. Abundance, Mee tem pace. Mái Yeeng. C Can, Dai. Capital, of a place, Krang. Cardamums, Kram. Central, Nai. Ceylon, Lang Kla. Child, Lok. China, Chek. City, Krang Mu-ung Cloth, Pa. Cotton, Fae. Cock, (fowl,) Ki. Copper, Tou deng. Come, Maa. Country, Mu-ung. Curse, Cheep hai. Civil, Mée nam chai. D Daughter, Boot Yeeng. Delightful, Tem su nook. Deficient, Maik, hrop. Bad, Be, Below, Bengal, Behind, Black, Blackish, Bice, • Choa. Mi. Fae. Bangala. Lang. Dam. Dam Dam. Kat.

·75 English. I, me, English. Devil, Discreet, Doctor, Dog, Do, Drink, Ducko Dutch, Siamese. Pée. Mee nani chai. Mák. Ma. Tam. Kin. Pet. Wilowde, Inimical, Interior, (of) Indian corn, Indigo, Incomplete Java, Iron, Island, I J. Siamese. K, ha. Sútroo kiun. Nua, Kao pot. Kram. Mai K, hrop. Chowa. Lek. Ko. E > 'K Eut, Earth, East, English, Escape, Europe, 'Ka. Phrgya. Kin. Din. Trow unok. Ang kret. Nee pai. Karang. Noets. Chang. Plaa. King, Kings, Kamboja, Kambojuns, Kiad Khomen. K, homen. Kway, endou. Eye, Eleplant, Equally, L E Laos, Lesser, Let, to Little, Loadstone, Long, Love, Low, Lao. Nooec. Naú. Nóe. Mé lek. Yal--a. Endoo, rak. Tai. M Par (off), Klai. False, K, ho hok, Father, P,ba. Few, Naee. Fear, Loa. Fearless, Mai k loa. Fight, Rop Kun. Fire, Fai. fish, Pla, From, Tenam. Frenclı, Prang sct. Further, Lco. G Gamboge, Rong. Gentleman, or Sir, Chau. Give, llai. Get, obtain, Au. Goat, Pe. Gold, Tong Kam. Good, Doee. Go, Pi. Goose, Nau. Great, Yai. H Head, Hóa. Hear, Tini. He, Mau. Here, T, he nee. Hindostan, Piam. Hog, Mu. How, T, hou. Horse, Ma. Husband, Samee, Man, P, hoa, Kon. Many, Mak. Mouse, Heen-ek, Mother of waters, Menam. Moon, Phra chan, Mountain, Fukao. Mother, Me. Money, Ngon. Mouth-of, Pak. Musket, Pun. N Near, to New, Nevertheless, Necessary, North, Klai. Ma2. Tá lả. Tang, Kau. Utra. Only, Off, Old, Outur, Plaâ. Yalk. Keo. Nak. > ·76 C English. Sugar, Sugarcandy, Subject, P English. Siamese. Pain, Oo-e. Peace, Tukran, Plentiful, Me tem pace. Pepper, Prek-thai. Peacock, Nok Yoong. Plough, Nao-dai, Polite, or Prudent, Me nam chai. Pour, (out) T, he, or T, bam. Siamese. Nan tan. Nan tan sai. Prai. Waú. Sweet, T Ka-nam, Nee. Me mu. Mung. Q, R Te nell, That, This, Thumb, Thou, There, Thither, Tiger, Tin, Tobacco, To, Tooth, Trumpet, T, hee nai. Sua. Dibuk. Medicine. Ka. Fang. Tré. Quick, Rain, Remain, Red cloth, Reddish, Red, Regard, Love, Religion, Rhinoceros, Rict, fine Ditto, common River, River's mouth, Retain, Run, Chại reo. Pon, Yo. Pa ka lat. Dengédeng. Deng. Endoo. Satsua. Ret. Као. Kao Sau, Let. Paknam. Kep wai, « Weeng. U V Náá chace. Uncle, Ná. Uncle by mother's side, Unawures, Too neeng. Various, Me pan ya. Very, Nac. Verily, Ilai. Village, Ban, S W Sea, Seek, Short, Sheep, Ship, Silk, Sky, Was, Tal.le. Hoa. Sau. Keh. Top. Mae. Fa. Ngen. Eng. T, ham hae San. Chau. Water, We, Weaver, West, Silver, Self, Shorten, Weep, to Who, - What, Sir, Slavec « Ka. Sleep, Siam, Sick, Sapanwood, Somebody, Spiteful, South, Stone, Whoever, Wiſe, Well, to Wish, to Without, Wise, Nou. T, hai. Chep. Fang. H, hou. Tem chang. Sultan, Hin. Dao. Trowan. Oe, Dup. Nau. Leo. Nam. Rau. Taluk. Trow antok, Rang hui. Rai, Pudai. Dai, rai. K, hrai, K, lirai Meea. Slai. Chak, K. hrai. Nok, tai. Méc pan ya. Sap. Cha. K, irai, Nak. Hai. Wai deng. Pu Yeeng. Eng With, Will, go, Star, Will, read, Within, Would, Wood, red Sun, Sugarcane, Sword, Suffer, Woman, Ye, ·77 ? Enylish. I cannot buy, I will buy, Drink water, Eat rice, Very good, Very bad, Go away, Go to sleep, How many I will do it, Come here, In presence of, Very handsome, Beat the dog, We saw it, Alike good, Between life and death, Within the Palao keen, We ourselves saw it, A good disposition, Of a quick apprehension, A sleeping place, What are you doing, what is that? Will you smoke a Segar? Will you eat Betel and Chunam ? &c. A goodanan, A lovely woman, Your slave, Are youоwell, Sir ? Go tbou, (impudently) On what account? I wish to go, He runs well, Go with him, Greatly alarmed, Tolerably well, Near to the Kingdom of Siam, Go to the country of Siam, Sick untu deatlı, Sir, Cowc hcre, Siamese. Kai mí dí. Cha mee. Kin nam. Kin kao. Dai nack. Mi dee. Pai láu. Pai non. Khee? Khi chát, hạn. Ma kee. Trong na. Nam nack. Tee maú. Ran eng hen: De doei kan. T, hung tai t, hung pen. Nai rat. Ran eng hen. Chai-an. Chai reo. T, beenan. Wack arai ? Sup buri? Kin mák ? K, hon thee dee. P, boo Teeng rap ngáám. K, ha meet-cbau. Chau Too dee yoo ru ? Eng pai t, but. A rui, dee? Kla cha pai. Nan weeng dee? Pai doei mun. Lok cháe nuk nao. Mai so dee. Klai pu ung T, hai. Pai muung T, hai. Chep t, hung kam. T, ham má nec

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59, After the seventh line insert Raw Silk from Canton 500 Peculs.
Ditto from Cochin China 200 do.
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