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·Indian Council of Micdical Rescarchi
TECHNICAL REPORT
OF THE
SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY BOARD
FOR THE YEAR
1957
Price per copy Onc kupec
abtainable from the Director,
Indian Council of Medical Research, P.O. Dox (94,
NEW DELHI (India).

·INDIAN COUNCIL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH GOVERNING BODY President : Shri D.P. KARMARKAR, Minister of Hcalti, Government of India, New Delhi, Vice-President : Shri V.K.B. PILLAI, 1.C.S., Secretary to the Goveroment of India Ministry of Health, New Delhi. Uembers : R3791 Dr. C.B. D'SILVA, Dr. INDERJIT SINGH, M.B.B.s., Ph.D., Acting Director, Central Research Professor of Physiology, Institute, Kasnuli. S.N. Medical College, Agra. Dr. U.P. BASU, D.SC., P.R.S., FN.l., Dr. N. JUNGALWALLA, Director, Bengal Immunity Director, All-India Institute Research Institute, Calcutta. Hygiene & Public Hсalth. Calcutta. Licut.-General B. CHOUDHURY, M.B., licut..Colonel C.K. LAKSHMANAN, I.M.S, DI.R.C.P., T.D.D., F.N.I., M.R.C.P, D.T.M. & ii., D.P.II., Director General of Armed Forces Director Gcncral of Health Medical Services, Ministry of Services, New Delhi. Defence, New Delhi. Dr. R.N. CHAUDHURI, M.B.B.S., M.R.C.P., Licut. Colonel JASWANT SINGH, T.D D.F.N.I., Deputy Director-General of Health Director, School of Tropical Services, New Delhi. Medicine, Calcutta. Dlaharaja SHRI KRISHNA CHANDRA Dr. Ram GOTI BANERJI, M.P., GAJAPATI NARAYANA Deo, P.O. & Distt. Bankura, West Bengal. Maharaja of Parlakimedi, District Ganjam. Dr. DUKHAN RAM, B.SC., M.B., D.L.O., Dr. SUSHILA NAYAR, M.P., D.O.M.S., 19, Rajpu: Road, Delhi-8, Head of the Department of Opthalmology and Oto-rhinology and Dean, Faculty of Medicine, Patna University, Patna. Dr. D. GOVINDA REDDY, M D., Dr. M.S. THACKER, D.SC., Engg., M.I.E.E., Director & Professor, MI DI., Upgraded Department of Pathology, Director . General, Scientific and Andhra Medical College, Industrial Research, Old alill Road, Visakhapatnam (S. ludia) New Delhi. Dr. S.N. HARDIKAR, M.P., Karnatyka Health Institute, Ghataprabha, District Balgaum. T- Secretary : Dr. C.G. PANDIT, M.B.B.S., Ph.D., D.P.H., D.T.M., F.N.I. Director, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi.

·CONTENTS TACE 1 1. CouroSTION OF Tiit ScitytirIC ADVISORY BOARD II. CourosiTION OF THE ADVISORY COMMITTEES III. TICINICAL RTTORT OF THE RESEARCHES CARRIED OUT DURIXC TJIE YTAR 1037. 13 13 17 21 CLINICAL RESEARCH 1. Clinical Rescarch Unit under Dt V. R. Khanolkar at the India Cancer Rescarch Centre Primbay. 3. Neurological Unit under Dr VR. Khanolhar at the Indian Cancer Research Centre, Bombıy. 3. Clinical Research Unit under Dr. R.X Chaudhuri at the School of Tropical Medicine, Calcutta. 4. Inquiry on the Endemic Focus of Schistosomiasis under Dr. 11.1. Jhula at the Grant Medical College, Bombay. 3. Inquiry into the use of artificial hypothermia thibxinution) in uren intracardiac surgery under Dr. L.K. Son at the Sith GS Medical College. Bumbay. 0. Effect of metaphyseal stimulation of longitudinal bone fronth under Or. 11. Mukoradhya at the P. W. Medical College, Patni. 7. ElectroRetinography in vascural hypertension under Dr. R.P. Dhanda at the VG.11. Sedical College, Indore. $. Inquiry entitled "Binchemical and Sirological investigations on Escherichia coli and Klebsiella strains isolated from urinary infections" under Di.S P. Gurta and Dr. N. P. Giunta at the Medical College, Lucknon. 1. mctisation into the role of allergens and various other factors in the road us ton of bronchial asthama in Rajasthan in frreral and in Jalur arca in particular under D. RN1 Karlis al wat. S.S.S. Medical Coliege. Jairus. 10. Inquiry on the furmatinn. distribution structure and do carrint of the splanchnic renes under Dr. Indersta! the Medical College. Amnisst. .

·(ii) 31 33 34 ... 14. 37 ".. 41 10. 42 ... 11. Inquiry on the value of commercial silk grafts to bridge large blood vessel gaps under Dr. Yudhvccr Sachdeva at the Medical College, Amritsar. 12. Study of renal changes following urctcric ligation and estimation of recovery following relcase of obstruction by ureteric transplantation under Dr. B.N. Balkrishna Rao at the G. R. Mcdical College, Gwalior. 13. Inquiry into pneumoconiosis in the non-industrial population of Rajasthan with special reference to cmphysema under Dr. R. K. Goyal at the S. M. S. Medical College, Jaipur. Investigations of certain Ayurvedic preparations in treatment of Diabcics Mellitus under Dr. R. V. Sathe, at the Grant Medical College and Sir J. J. Group of Hospitals, Bombay: 15. Inquiry on the metabolic fate of gelatin administered as a plasma substitute under Dr. C. Sivaraman, Senior Scientific Officer, National Chemical Laboratory, Poona. Development of a simple method of preserving or preparing aortic and arterial homografts under Dr. Timothy Takaro and Dr. A.C. Fletcher at the Wanless Tuberculosis Sanatorium, Waniesswadi. 17. Inquiry on bio-microscopical study of the conjunctival vessels in relation to the general arteriosclerosis and coronary artery disease under Dr. K. N. Mathur, Dr. K. S. Mathur and Dr. P.N. Wahi at the S.N. Medical College, Agra. Inquiry on histo-pathological study of trachoma in relation to the clinical stages of the discascs under Dr. Pashpati Nath Wahi and Dr. P. N. Awasthi, at the S. N. Medical College, Agra. 19. Investigations into the factors affecting the susceptibility of diabetes to infection under Dr. T. P. Bharadwaj at the Topiwala National Medical College, Bombay, 20. Inquiry on biochemical studies on tumor under Dr. S.C. Roy in the Department of Applied Chemistry, Calcutta University, Calcutta. 21. Inquiry on synthetic media of tissue culture and the measurement of proliferation of the cells under Dr. C. V. Ramakrishnan, Faculty of Medicine, Baroda University, Baroda. 22. Clinical study of neuropathies under Dr. P.N. Chuttani at the Medical College, Patiala. 23. Inquiry entitled 'Relative value of rest and movement in the treatment of intra-articular fractures : an experimental study' under Dr. B. Mukopadhya at the P. W. Medical College, Patna. 18. 43 44 ... 45 ... ... 46 47 ... 47 ·49 .. ... 19 3.5 .. ... Inquiry on tropical pulmonary costrophilia under Ds. M. V. Chari, at the Kasturba Micdical College. Mangalore. 23. Inquiry in investigate the mechanism of antibacterial action of Apecific anticrum urdes Dr. J.C. Ray at the Indian Instute for Berchemistry and Experimental Medicine, Calcutta. 20. Studies on mctabolism of the catechol amines in bror.chal astlima and tropical cosinophila under Dr H S. Chakravarti at the Indian Institute for Birchemistry and Experimental Medicine, Calcutta 27 experimental study of the role of adrenal cortex in the fent is of contenital abnormalities under Dr I P. Agama! 1 the GR. Sledical College, Gwalior 4 Study of the mode of infection and grossth characteristics of rhinosjuridium sauber under Di Indu Sinhan Gurta at the Kasturba Medical College, Margalore. 9. Inquiry to find out a suitable medium and method for culuring thingxiridhosis which had not been cultured on far under Dr. Its Andleigh at the SMS Vedical College. Jaipur. 311 Investigation of antisterniolysin tiles in children under 1), S L. Bhata at the Lady Herdinge Medical College. c* Dilhi 31. Crimsaralıke study of scrological techir.ques in detecting anubxlies follonins immunization with $ Typha anligen in robhits and scra of patients suffering fra enteric fesers under Dr. A.K Binurjee at the S. S. K Jiemonatlicspital. Calcutta. Irquity entitled Curly dugnosis of enteric feverx'urder DI NP. Gusta anii Dr S. P Gurla. at the Medical College. Luckr.on. Inquiry into the problem of chromic splenomegaly and its relation to depune rathning) urder Di lik. Ailur, and Dr AK 1.sg at the Institute of logt Graduate Vicdical Educa. titn and Research, Calcutta, 31 Injury into clictrophoretic study of immunred rabbas *ith it!cular reference to unck pical tolerance urder Dr. 1) far as the SSK lemonllliirisal, Calcutti Sturls of Ins!! Plus ith special reference to hisiapsiholor ficulrad 1:15* chemical charges in the culaner us lesions urder Dr C. Johan Rangain at the N1. GM Sedical College, Ir.corc Sudies in the role of trositul in hyperlime padarinas undle Dr. V Srinnaran at the Maduras Metical Clerc. Madurai ... . 33 ++ 61 .

·... ... ... ... 37. Study on the cffects of selected respiratory stimulants in states of pulmonary insufficiency associated with hyper. capnia and hypoxia under Dr. N. R. Konar at the Nilratan Sircar Medical College, Calcutta, 38. Inquiry entitled, 'Pollination Calender for Greater Delhi' at ihc Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi. 39. Inquiry on the relative values of colpomicroscopy and vaginal cytology in the detection of carly carcinoma of cervix utcri under Dr. Chinmoy Ghose at the Calculla National Medical Institutc, Calcuttit. 10. Studies to investigate the role of mucosoly saccharides in the formation of kidney stones under Dr. K.N. Udupa at the Himachal Pradesh Hospital, Simla. 41. Induction of gall stones in monkeys under Dr. B. N. Balakrishna Rao at the G.R. Vcdical College, Gwalior. 42. Effect of tissue therapy in the prevention of blindness due io degenerations and abiotrophics of the retina and choroid under Dr. J. Bose at the R. G. Kar Medical College. Calcutta 43. Inquiry into blood strcam cooling as a method of inducing and maintaining hypothermia under Dr. H.K. Basu at the S.S.K.M. Hospital, Calcutta. 44. Inquiry under investigation into the pathogenesis of spinal concussion following injuries of spinc under Dr. H. K. Sarkar at the S.S.K.Xí. Hospital, Calcutta. ... 15. Hydrocephalas in infants and childrer, investigation on its etiology and treatment under Dr. R. Nigam at the Medical College, Nagpur. 46. Clinical and cxpcrimental studies on licloids under Prof. K.K. Ghosh, Medical College Hospital, Calculla. 47. Investigation of the economic feasibility of using all-plastic, expendable blood-collecting and blood-transfusion equipment in providing a blood transfusion service for a rural arca in Orissa under Dr. David R. Bassett, Dr. Balabhadra Mahapatra and Dr. Dhirendranath Mund at Distt. Sambal. . .. 4 ... . 14 pur, Orissa. 49. Inquiry on development of biologically specific histochemical method for the localization of pituitary hormones under Dr. V.R. Khanolkar at the Indian Cancer Rescarch Centre, Bombay. 49. Survey of malignant lesions of the ora-pharynx in the population of Guntur District and to evaluate pre-disposing and exciting causes, if any, for the high incidence of these lesions in the area under Dr. D. Jagannadha Reddy at the Guntur Medical College, Guntur.

·60 .. 81 1:0. Studies on the physiology of dermatophytes under Dr.A.N. Chakraborty at the School of Tropical Medicinc, Calcutta. HÆMATOLOGY 61. llæmatological unit under Dr. J.B. Chatterjca at the School of Tropical Medicinc, Calcutta. 62. Inquiry on anemias in infants and children under Professor 1.1. Jhali at the Grant Micdical College, Bombay. 63. A survey of occurrence of sickic-cell trait and sickle cell discase or its subtypes in Mahar Community of Nagpur and its neighbouring villages under Dr. R.N. Shukla at the Medical College, Nagpur. Ml. Experimental studies on acquired hæmolytic antmu, under Dr. N. N. Sen at the Scth S. Karnani Niemorial Hospital, Calcutta. 05. A study in the pathogenesis of anæmia in infections under Dr. V. S. Mangalik at the K. G. Medical College, Lucknotr. mo. Inquiry on gastric secretions in pregnancy under Dr. C. R. Das Gupta at the Islamia Hospital, Calcutta. 82 83 63 8$ CARDIO-VASCULAR DISEASES AND HIYPERTENSION 60 .. 07. Inquiry on the incidence of atherosclerosis and hyperten sion in Delhi State and the correlation of the latter with Dlood Lipids under Dr. S. Padmavati at the Lady Hardinge Medical College & Hospital, New Delhi. 68. Study of environmental and nutritional factors affecting the incidence of atherosclerosis and coronary heart discase in Indiant under Dr. K. S. Alathur and Professor P.N. Wahi at the Medical College, Agra. AS $) Wahi and Dr. K.S. Mathur at the Medical Collere, Agra. an. Inquiry on the diagnosis of pre-symptomic diabetes and hypertension under Dr. K.S. Sanjivi at the Madras Medical College, Madras. 61, Studiet .. min. hrin.: t.. factors * D:. Devic 02. Inquiry into artificial firmoricarditis as a means of Irtikularising the my cardium under Dr. GS. Karist the S.S.K.M. Ilcsrital, Calcutta. .-11. Inzical DI ... ... 9 ·(vi) 93 ... ... 94 63. Inquiry of the role of adrenal cortex, stress and cholesterol in atherosclerosis under Dr. S. Sachdev at the M. G. M. Medical College, Indore. 64. Inquiry on pulmonary hypertension under Dr. K.K. Datey at the Seth G.S. Medical College, Bombay. 65. Inquiry on cardiac metabolism under hypothermia under Dr. Sita Ram Kapoor at the K.G. Medical College, Lucknow. 66. Inquiry into electro-retinography in cataract glaucoma and detachment retina under Dr. R.P. Dhanda at the M.G.M. Medical College, Indore. 96 97 .. LIVER DISEASES ... ... . ... . 67. Liver diseases research unit under Dr. P.N. Wahi at the S.N. Medical College, Agra. 99 68. Inquiry into the changes clinical and pathological that are present months and years after apparent recovery from nutritional dystrophy or kwashiorkor under Dr. S.T. Achar at the Institute of Pediatrics, Government General Hopital, Madras. .101 69. Studies on anti-fatty liver fractions of the pancreas and their scope in the prevention and treatment of fatty livers under Dr. J. C. Sachdev at the M.G.M. Medical College, Indore. 101 70. Inquiry on the development of ascites and its relation to portal vein pressure etc., under Dr. R.M.L. Mehrotra at the Medical College, Lucknow. 102 71. Investigation into the Carrier State of the virus infectious hepatitis under Dr. B.K. Aikat at the S.S.K.M. Hospital, Calcutta. 103 72. Investigations to find out the biochemical changes and effect of different types of therapy in hepatic coma under Dr. N.R. Konar at the N.R.S. Medical College, Calcutta. 108 73. Inquiry on blood and CSF ammonia and glutathione in liver disease, with or without coma and the effect of glutamate on these levels and on the clinical condition under Dr. Shiv Kumar at the Medical College, Amritsar. 111 74. Inquiry on electrophoretic and chromatographic studies in experimental_animals and human beings in health and liver injury under Dr. Balasubrahmanyan and Dr. Ramji Dass at the Government Medical College, Patiala. ... lll 75. Study of the liver in cirrhosis following ligation of the splenic artery under Dr. F.A. Antia at the Topiwala. National Medical College, Bombay. 112 ... ... ... ...

·(vii) 1 113 70. Investigation into some aspects of pathogenesis ascites with sprcial reference to the ascites in cirrhosis under Dr. N.C Nayak and Dr. G.S, Mohapatra at the S.C.B. Medical College, Cuttack. 77. sphyxiated batcs ial Kishore and Agra. 5. Inquiry into the cliccts of crude liver extract uscd intra. venously in crperimental hentic cirrhosis under Dr. L.R. Sarin and Dr. S.C. Sarin at the S.11.S. Medical College, Jaipur. 70. Inquiry on the role of vitamin E and molybdenum in liver disorders under Dr. N.G. Magar at the Institutc of Science, Bombay and Dr. T.P. Bhardwaj at the Tariwals National Medical College, Bombay. 6. 113 115 COMMUNICABLE DISEASES CIJOLERA 116 ... .. 11 118 Ma. Cholcra inquiry, under Dr. K. Bhaskaran at the Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow. $1. Inquiry on the evaluation of phages acting on vibrios and the application of bacteriophage typing in epidemiological insestigation on cholera under Dr. MIN Lahiri and Dr. B. Ghosh Roy at the All India Institute of Hygiene & l'ubliclicalth, Calcutta. . $. Cholera inquiry (endotoxin) under Dr. C.K Narayanın at the Central Rescarch Institutc, Kasauli. 83. Immuno-chemical studies with reference to vibrio polysacha. sides and proteins under Dr. Guskirpal Singh and Dr. P. Devi at the Central Research Institute, kasawi. 81. Inquiry on the bacteriological insestigation of cases of cholera with a view to find out the endemicity of cholera in Calcutta under Dr. S.X. Dc. Dr. K.C. Basu Malit and Dr. Jondal at the Medical College and Milrauan Sircar Medical Collefe, Calcutta, 3. Immuno chemical stulica in Vikt:0!ins under Dr. D.L Shrivastava at the Central Drug Research Instituc, Lucinon. A. Inquiry on stralucting of indirental chelera with lateria asiated with cz:51 of clinicalch.!era under Dr. S.X.DE arths Matial College, Calcutt. 119 1 ·(*) 114. Pulmonary function studies in healthy adults and in those with pulmonary tuberculosis under Dr. H.B. Dingley at the Tuberculosis Hospital, Mehrauli Road, Delhi. 103 115. Inquiry on Bronchoscopic studies in cases of pulmonary tuberculosis under Dr. R.N. Tandon at the Kasturba T.B. Clinic, Lucknow. 164 116. Diagnosis of active primary pulmonary tuberculosis in. children below the age of 7 years under Dr. Saktipada Bhattacharjee at the Nilratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital, Calcutta. 166 ... ... 117. Inquiry on effect of antitubercular drugs on the synthesis of phthioic acid in mycobacterium tuberculosis under Dr. S. Chandrasekhar and Lt. Col. A.J.H. de Monte at the V.P. Chest Institute, Delhi. 167 ... 168 118. Inquiry on the influence of nutritional factors on tuberculin reaction in experimental tuberculosis under Dr. M. Sirsi at the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. 119. Inquiry into morbid anatomy and bacteriology of resected lungs in pulmonary tuberculosis under Dr. D. Barua, Dr. A.K. Basu and Dr. B.K. Aikat at the Institute of Post- Graduate Medical Education and Research, Calcutta. 168 ... 120. Contact examination and treatment with isoniazid of Mantoux positive children under Dr. M.D. Deshmukh at the T.B. Clinic, J.J. Group of Hospitals, Bombay. 171 121. Clinical and pathological study of tubercular lymphnode enlargement under Dr. S.P. Srivastava, Medical College, Agra. 171 VENEREAL DISEASES 122. Inquiry on treponemal agglutination test (TPA test) for syphilis under Dr. C.W. Chacko at the Institute of Venereology, Madras. ... ... 172 .. 123. Study of incidence and relationship of prenatal and neonatal syphilis abortions of still-births, neonatal deaths and congenital syphilis and results of treatment with penicillin at various stages under Dr. B.B. Gokhale at the B.J. Medical College, Poona. !.. 174 ... 124. Inquiry on the isolation and establishment of virus of lymphogranuloma venerum L.G.V. in embryonated chicken egg and the preparation of Frei antigen from it under Dr. CW. Chacko at the Institute of Venereology, Madras. 176 ·(xi) DENTAL HEALTH IO. .. II. Study of development and prosth of dentition of Indian children under Dr R$ Nanda at the Dental College and Hospital. Lucknow. 120. Studies on human saliva under Di K.L. Shouric at the Sir CL.M. Dental College. Bombay. 127, 177 . 177 178 128. Inquiry into the effect of sodium hex3.micta phosphate in the treatment of periodontal discases under Dr. K.L. Shouric at the Si CC.d. Dental College, Bombay. 129. Inquiry on study of blood changes associated with periodon. tal disease under Dr. T.X. Chawla at the K.G. Medical Collcec, Lucknow. 130. Investigation to cause the value of various endodontal treatment for the abcessed deciduous and youns permanent tecth under Dr. Vimla Sud at the Sufdarjung Hospital. Now Delhi. 176 .. ISO .. . ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE & SANITATION ... ISO IS3 131. Industrial wastes disposal and mater pollution rescarch unit a: the All-India Institute of Hygicno and Public Health. Calcutta. 132. Inquiry into the effect of sewasic treatment on lubxrcle lucilli at the All India Institute of Hygiene and l'ublic Health, Calcutta. 133. Study of maintenance of small tube wells in rural areas of Bihar under Shri KX. Rolutsi. P.II. Engineering Department, Bihar, l'aina. 131. Study on the dificrent lyms of latrings used in rural areas under I'rofessor N. Majumder at the All-Indu Institute of Ilygiene and l'ublic llcaluh, Cilcutta. 167 INDUSTRIAL PICALTII 133. Induarial llcalth Research Unit under Di M.X. Ran ay the All India Ir.stitute of llygiene & Pullic llcaith, Calcutta 138. study into irciers of pneumonious in the Cariral Indian Casalminer under Dr. K.U. Hoy, vial Oxicor, onsuzalud Colliers, luseabed. 137. Inquiry irtoaksenirçin urds: Di. 11.!'. Dastur, Medical 05:01, Tara industnica (l'anale) L1, Buzluy. INS .

·( xiv) 227 228 228 165. Inquiry on the role of nutritional deficiencies in the causation of peptic ulcer under Dr. C. Raghavachari at the Stanley Medical College, Madras. 166. Studies on the effect of heat on the nutritive value of edible oils under Dr. R. Rajagopalan at the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. 167. Inquiry into the effect of insect infestation on the nutritive value of foodgrains under Dr. M. Swaminathan at the Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore. 168. Goitre Pilot Survey Project (Pb.) under Dr. J.C. Ohri, Officer-in-charge, Goitre Pilot Survey Project, Pathankot. 169. Scheme on relationship between malnutrition and bladder stones under Dr. D.A. Anderson at the Evangeline Booth Hospital, Ahmednagar. 170. A comparative study of the mother's blood, milk and blood of malnutritioned infants, under Dr. M. Thangavelu at the Medical College, Trivandrum. 230 232 ... 233 ... 171. Investigation on the chemical constituents of blood in marasmic conditions of infants and children under Dr. R.K. Dutta Chaudhuri at the Chittaranjan Cancer Hospital, Calcutta, 233 ... · 172. Inquiry on influence of soil fertility and genetic make-up on the yield and nutritive value of Indian pulses under Dr. G.C. Esh and Dr. U.P. Basu at the Bengal Immunity Research Institute, Calcutta. 235 ... 173. Inquiry on separation of different forms of vitamin A, and effect of replacement of vitamin A by vitamin A, on small land animals under Dr. P.D. Dalvi at the S.M.S. Medical College, Jaipur. 236 174. Inquiry on physiological studies on human milk and its role in infant feeding under Dr. A.C. Majumdar and Dr. Mrs. Amala Chaudhuri, Institute of Health, Calcutta. 236 238 ... 175. Inquiry on the mineral nutrition of lactic bacteria under Dr. D.B. Desai at the B.J. Medical College, Poona. 176. Inquiry on malignant malnutrition in children under Dr. L.S.N. Prasad and Dr. A. Saran at the P.W. Medical College, Patna. 239 177. Study of articles of food, the diet and dietary habits of various tribes of N.E.F. Agency under Dr. S.R.K. Iyengar at the Health Training & Research Centre, Pasighat. 239 ·(xv) CLINICAL & FIELD TRIALS WITH PROTEIN RICII FOODS .. 13 174. Inquiry on field trials of protein rich foods under Dt. C. X. Ruimini. Child Welfare Scheme: Corporatirn of Madrat. Madrar. 170. Investigations on clinical trials with protein rich fryds under Dır. R.N. Chaudhuri at the Schoul of Tropical Vedcine. Calcutta. 180. Inquiry on clinical mula of protein rich finds under Dr.S.T. Achar, Director, Institute of Pediatrics Goreninch General llospital. Modras. 181. Inquiry on field trials with protein nich foods under Dr. Vse. Multha Sen, All-India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, Calcutta HUMAN LACTATION 152. Studies on human lactation under Di JW Aitan at the Wilson College, Bombay... 183. Studies on human lactation under Dr. CV Ramalashna at the Biroda University, Barndı. RUS PROTEIN METABOLISMI ise, Inquiry on protein metabxlism in urder-nourished children under Dr. R. X. Chaudhuri at the School of Tropical Medicinc, Calcutta. 15 IN. Studies on calcium phosphorus and protein metabolism including utilization of mistures of dietary screible froseins under Dr. M. Swaminathan it the Central Tiod Technological Rescarch Institute, Slysore. 153. Inquiry into the froicin requirements in pregnancy and 120121 n under 1l. X. Maners at the G.R. Vledical College, Gwalior. this. Inquiry on protein (quirements (a) in infancy ord child. hina. () in nulis: oral (c) in stofnarq. under I'ele:107 M.1. Jelin at the P.W. Mcdical College, l'atra + ISERGY DICTANOI.ISNI Sulics en crerey malatlar under Dr S. Marcs,& *il.c l'roulero Ciliege Cul:.

·( xviii) 277 . 213. Inquiry on canine and human gastric function in summer and winter under Dr. B.S. Kahali, at the S. M. S. Medical College, Jaipur, 214. Neuro-physiology Rescarch Unit under Dr. B.K. Mnand at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. 279 282 283 . 283 254 215. Studics on the growth of resistance in micro-organisms against antibiotics under Dr. S. K. Bose at the University College of Science and Technology, Calcutta. 216, Inquiry on the role of electrolyte imbalance in hypertension under Dr. Inderjit Singh at the S. N. Medical College, Agra. 217. Inquiry on screening of penicillin compounds under Dr. P. D. Kulkarni and Dr. K. Ganapathi at the Rescarch Laboratories of the Hindustan Antibiotics. Pimpri. 218. Inquiry to study the diurétic and anti-diuretic Ayurvedic remedies under Drs. G.K. Karanditar and O. D, Gulhati at the Medical College, Baroda. 219. Inquiry on transmcthylation of nor-adrenaline to adrenalinc in relation to cardiac arrythmias under Dr. B.C. Bosc at the M.G.M. Medical College, Indore. 220. Inquiry on "The cffcct of rutin and related glycosides on the carbohydrate metabolism of liver" under Dr. Mohan Singh Sethi at the Medical College, Amritsar. 221. Inquiry on urinary estimation of catechol amincs in normal and hypertensive individuals under Dr. R.S. Grewal at the Medical College, Nagpur. 222. Inquiry on the effect of astrogens on histaminolytic activity of plasma and on gastric secretion under Dr. B.B. Tripathy at the Medical College, Cuttack. 223. Inquiry on histominc content and histaminolytic properties of cerebrospinal fluid of animals and humans in health and disease under Dr. P.K. Kar at the S.C.B. Medical College, Cuttack. 285 287 28S .. 289 ... ..! 290 290 224. Comprehensive study of the respiratory responses and energy expenditure of expert mountaineers and of other subjects during climbing hills with loads under Dr. H. Saha at the Nilratan Sircar Medical College, Calcutta. 225. Studies in vascular reflexas in spinal and non-spinal preparations clinical and experimental under Dr. S.R. Mukherjee at the Medical College, Calcutta. 226. Inquiry on participation of parathyroid glands in acute systemic stress under Dr. T.H. Rindani at the Topiwala National Medical College, Bombay. 291 292 ·(xix ) 7. 200 227, Investigation of gastric scrutcry furcuca by tulxless method as compared with the standard orturation method under Dr. M.i.. Pai at the Vedical Collese, Birochi *?%. Inquiry on the effect of dutentmn of 1.371095 parts of iniatine (tralt and large) on circulatory, respiraton and alimentary functions under D: BS Kansli a! the SSS Medical College. Jaipur. 9. Studies of 17-1ctnutcroids nutput in lisilth and dixease of Indian, under Dr. JC. Sachdes at the 1GV. Vedical College Indore 230. Drug Research Unit under Di V.L Gural at the KG Medical College, Luci now 31. Druç sevrarch unit under D: CL.M:ll:otsis it the Lidy llardince Medical College, Ver Delhi 232, Inquiry into the antidiabetic properties of some relect in digenous planes under Di Ranita Aiman at the DJ Medical College, l'orina. *07 . PHYSIOLOGY OIJUMAX REPRODUCTION 3:33. Studies on twins and consanguinity under Di LD Singhisa at the Indian Cancer Research Centre, Dustas :31. Investigation to study the function of orary following hysterectomy. under Dr. P.C. Duis at the Eden Hospital. Vicdical College. Calcutta.. 35. Inquiry on radition hazırds alíccting fertility under Dr. SR. Basu and C.L. Mulcrji at the School of Tropical Medicine. Calcutt.. Endometrialrtudy in menstruation under Dr.SC Boss 3! the Medical College, Calcutta 301 VIRUS DISEASES . 37. Rabies enquiry under Dr. M. K. Thomas at the Central Research Institute, Kasauli. 34. l'olin Research Unit under Dr. V.I. Giharrure at the Grant Melical Collefe. Imbay -39. Inquiry as the incidence. rature and we onclic us infection in I mhy Cry ender 1): AND Sanghal at the Sith GS Medical Cillese. Bylay. 4. Radvice inquiry Enter the Director, PascuInstitute. Conei. 11. Maintenance clar ch cultures unirs Dr. KJ Ronadise :1 the Indian Cineet Ressa:ch Centre. Ils 310 ·... ( ** ) 314 316 ... 317 242. Trachoma Pilot Project at the M.U. Institute of Opthalmology & the Gandhi Eye Hospital, Aligarh. 243. Encephalitis Research Unit under the Principal, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi. 244. Inquiry on "cheniotherapy of virus infections" by Dr. V.N. Krishnamurthy, at the Vaccine Institute, Bangalore. 245. Study on chemotherapy of virus infections under Dr. P.L. Narasimha Rao at the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. 246. Inquiry on the isolation virus from tropical diseases of viral origin under Dr. K.N. Neogy at the School of Tropical Medicine, Calcutta. 247. Studies on mutation and re-combination of Indian strains of influenza virus under Dr. I.G.K. Menon at the Pasteur Institute, Coonoor. 318 319 ... 319 320 248, Inquiry on the incidence of influenza in Calcutta, under Dr. D.N. Sengupta at R.G. Kar Medical College, Calcutta. 249. Respiratory and Intestinal Viruses Unit under the Director, Pasteur Institute, Coonoor. IV. Blood GROUP REFERENCE CENTRE UNDER THE DIRECTOR, INDIAN CANCER RESEARCH CENTRE, BOMBAY. 320 .. 323 V. INDIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH. 326 327 ... VI. INDIAN JOURNAL OF MALARIOLOGY. VII. (a) MICROFILM AND PHOTOCOPY SERVICE UNIT AT THE CENTRAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE, KASAULI. (b) MICROFILM AND PHOTOCOPY SERVICE UNIT AT THE TATA MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, BOMBAY. 328 329 VIII. PAPERS PUBLISHED BY WORKERS OF THE INDIAN COUNCIL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH DURING THE YEAR 1957. - 330 ...

·1. COMPOSITION ON THE SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY BOARD The Scientific Advisory Board during the year consisted of the following: Chairman Licut. Colonel C.K. Lakshmanan, I.S., V.R.C.S. D.T.M. & H.. D.P.H., Director General of Heal:h Services, New Delhi, Members Dr. A.K. Basis. Director of the Deparıment of Surgery: Institutc or Post Graduate Medical Education & Rescarch. ii. Louer Circular Road, Calcutta. Dr. R.N. Chaudhuri, M.D., M.R.C.P., T.D.D., F..VI., Director, School of Tropical Medicine, Calcutta. Dr. A1.L. Chakravarty. Professor of Physiology. Medical College. Calcutta. Dr. 11.2. Dustur. Medical Officer, Department of Industrial Medicine, Tata Industries Lid., Bombay Ilouse, Bombay. Dr. V.R. Khanolkar, Ph.D., A.D., Director. Indian Cancer Rescarch Centre. Tata Memorial Ilospital, l'arel, Bombay.12. Dr. N.V. Modak, Special Engineer, Bombay Municipal Corporation, Bombay Licul. Colonel D.P. Xath, [x-Director of Health Services, Bihar, Patna. Dr. V.N. W'atwardhan, M.Sc., Ph.D. (Lond.). A. 11.Sc., Director, Nutr. tion Research Laboratorios, Coonoor. Major K.N. Rao, Director of Medical Services, Andhra Pradesh, Ilyder. ahad. Dercan Major General S. Marzin, Commandant. Armed Forces Medical College, toona. Licut. Colonel Sanghini Lal No. 12, College Road, Madrat-o. Ds. ll. Trapido, Deputy Director, Virus Research Centre. Prona. Dr. P.M. Warle, Assistant Director of Public Health, In-Charec Public liealth Laboratory, Bombay Suale. Panns. Dr. P.W. Wali. Professor of Patixingy, S.X. Medical College. Asra. Skorisry Dr. C.C. Pardul, M.DNS. Ph.D. D.P.II.. D.T. FYI. Director. 1r.dian Council of Medical Research, Ver Delhi.

·II. COMPOSITION OF THE ADVISORY COMMITTEES Clinical Rescarch Dr. B.B. Yoelho, 18. Darabsha Road, Rombay. (Chairman) Dr. A.K. Basu, Director. Department of Surgery, Institute of Post Gradusic. Mledical Education Research, 311, Lower Circular Road, Calcutta. Dr. R.N. Chaudhuri. Director. School of Tropical Medicine. Criculta. Dr. V.R. Khanolkar, Director. Indian Cincer Rescarch Centre, Parel, Bombay:12. Niajor-General S. Narain. Commandanı, Ormed Forces aledical College, Poona. Dr. B.C. Bosc. Principal, M.G.M. Medical College. Indore. Dr.C. Gopalan, Deputy Director, Nutrition Research Laboratories, Coonoor. Dr. K.S. Mathur, Professor of Medicinc, S.N. Veclical College, Agra. Dr. M.D. Ananthachuri. Principal, Madurai Medical Collec, Madurai. Dr. P.N. Wahi, Professor of Pathology, S.N. Medical College, ogra. (Secretary) Communicablc Discascs Licut.-Colonel D.P. Nath, Ex-Director of Health Services. Bihar, Putna. (Chairman) Dr. P.V. Benjamin, Adviser-in-Tuberculosis. Government of India, Directorate-General of Health Services, New Delhi, Licut.-General D.N. Chakravarti, Director of Health Services, West Bengal, Culcutta. Dr. B.C. Das Gupta, 55/6 Manoharpukar Road, P.O. Rashbchari Avenue, Calcutta-29, Lieut.-Colonel Sangham Lal, No. 12, College Road, Madras-. Dr. R.V. Rajam, Director, Institute of Venereology, Government General Hospital, Madras-3. Dr. Dharmendra, Director, Central Leprosy Tcaching & Rescarch Institute, Tirumani (Chingleput Distt.) Major-General S. Narain, Commandant, Armed Forces Medical College, Poona. Licut.-Colonel Jaswant Singh, Deputy Director-General of Health Services, New Delhi. Dr. K.V. Venkatraman, Serologist & Chemical Examiner to the Government of India, School of Tropical Medicine, Calcutta. (Secretary) ·Dental Health C.V.V. Pery. Ilony. Adviser. Dental licalth Services. Ministry of 1lculth. Số 12lbị. {C} :::n) Dr. T..X. Chivit. Readet « licad of Dental College & linspital, Lucknow. Dr. JC Minchanda, Principal, Punjib Government Dental College & flospital. Amritsar Dr. K.I.. Shoutic. Su CCM. Dental College & llo-pitol, Bombay. Dr. G. Ran. Head of Madras Dental Collere. Vadras. Dr. K. Smessara Ran, Nutrition Research Laboratories, Cronnor. Ds. U S. Malik, Principal. Calcutta Denial College and Hospital, Calcutta-14. (Scotc!) Environmental Ilygiene and Sanitation Dr. B.C. Das Gupta, 50. Manoharpukar Road, Rashbchari Avenue, Calcull4.29. Dr. JK. Adran ala. Professor of Preventive and Social Medicine, B). Medical College, Poona. Dr. P.C. Borc. Chicl Engineer, Medical & Public Health Department, Government of West Bengal, Calcutta. Shri R.S. Mchia. Engineer and Secretary. Joint Water and Sewage Board. 7. Scindia llouse, New Delhi, Dr.K.S. Viswanathan. Professor of Public licalth Administration. All- India Institute of Hygiene & Public licalth. Calcutta. Lieut. Colnnel Barhat Sarain. Adviser (Healthi, Ministry of Community Declarmoni, New Delhi. Ar. O.C. Hopkins, Ex Adviser in Public Health Engineering. Alinistry of llcalth, New Delhi this mcrleft ir...:) Shri.V.V. Misk. Special Engineer. Bombay Municipal Corporation. Mercarrilc Rank Building. Mahatma Gandhi Road. mhayi. Dr. T.R. Bhaskaran. Associate Professor of Sanitary Engineering. All. India Institute of llysiene & l'ublic Health, Calcutta. (Secretary) Industrial Ilealth Dr.AC. Biretxe 2. 31, Siating Road, Lucinor. (CET) Lirus. Clinel V... Albuquerque, Director General. Employees S::16 Insurance Crippatien. 2.13. Asif Ali Rnud. New Delhi 04.11!'. Dastur, Wedical 0.1.c0t. Derzent nf Indurnal Medicine. Tsta Industries Lid. Bbw flouse, laluy D:, Kım!. Chithiri, l'eyelinlist, A!im415: Torile in !..ty's Re:earch Arxistian, Ahmedabad.

·Shri N. Majumder, Professor of Sanitary Engineering, All India Institute of Hygiene & Public Health, Calcutta. Shri N.S. Mankiker. Chick Adviser of Factories, Government of India, Ministry of Labour, New Delhi. Dr. H.N. Sahai, Medical Inspector of Factorics, Government of Bihar, Jakanpur, Patna-l. Licut.-Colonel A.N. Roy, Chief Medical Officer, Directorate General of Ordnance Factories, 0, Esplanade East, Calcutta-1. Dr. S. Roy, Chicf Sanitary Officer, Mines Board of Health, Asansol. Dr. M.N. Rao, Professor of Physiological & Industrial Hygiene, All- India Institute of Hygiene & Public Health, Calcutta. (Sccretary) Maternal and Child Health Dr. Subodh Mitra, Director, Chittaranjan Cancer Hospital, 148, S.P. Mookerjce Road, Calcutta-26. (Chairman) Dr. (Smt.) S. Bhatia, Adviser in Maternity & Child Welfare, Directorate- General of Health Services, New Delhi, Dr. V.S. Mangalık, Principal. K.G. Medical College, Lucknow. Dr. T.B. Panse, Tata Memorial Hospital, Bombay, Dr. (Smt) H.M. Sharma, Assistant Director of Public Health, 4, Kilpauk Garden Road, Madras-10. Dr. C.R. Das Gupta, 1125, Prince Gulam Mohammad Road, Calcutta. Shri K.K. Mathen, All-India Institute of Hygiene & Public Health, Calcutta. Dr. J.N. Pohowalla, Reader in Pædiatrics, M.G.M. Medical College, Indore. Dr. M.K. Krishna Menon, Direcor, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynæcology, Government Hospital for Women and Children, Madras-s. Dr. (Smt.) Muktha Sen, Professor of Maternity and Child Welfare, all- India Institute of Hygiene & Public Health, Calcutta. (Secretary) Mental Health Dr. M.V. Govindaswamy, Director, All-India Institute of Mental Health, Bangalore.2. (Chairman) Dr. B.D. Bhatia, Director, Child Guidance Clinic, College of Nursing, New Delhi. Dr. S.C. Mitra, Head of the Department of Psychology, University College of Science & Technology, 92, Upper Circular Road, Calcutta. Lt. Col. H.C. Mediratta, Chief Psychiatrist, Psychological Research Wing, Defence Science Organisation, Ministry of Defence, New Delhi. (by nomination) Dr. T.K.N. Menon, Dean, Faculty of Education & Psychology, M.S. University, Baroda.

·Dr. LD. Sunphri. Research Offices, Indian Cancer Retearch Centre, l'arel, Bombay-12. Dr. L.!'. Verms. Medical Surerintendent, Indian Mental Hesital, Kanke, P.O. Rinchi (Bihar). Dr. V.S Vahia, Ilonorary Psychiatrist. Seth G.S. Medical College and K.E.M. lfospital, Bombay. (S 764.:)) Nutrition Dr. K.C. Sen, 11.4. Southern Avenue. Kalighat P.O., Calcutta-36 (Cicirman) Dr. S.T. Achar, Professor of lædiatrics. Madras Medical College and Goscinment General Hospital, Madras. Dr. L.D. Khatri. Er-Director of Medical and Health Services, Andhra State, Hyderabad-Dn. Dr. BC. Guha. Ilead of the Department of Arplied Chemistry, Univer sity College of Science & Technology, 02, Urrer Circular Road. Calculta. Dr. M.V. Radhakrishna Rao, Assistant Director, In-charge of the Department of Nutrition, Govcrnment of Bombay, Halkınc Institute. l'arci, Bombay Professor K.V. Giri, Professor of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science. Bangalore-3. Dr. V.X. Patwardhan, Director. Nutrition Rescarch Laboratorics, Connoot. Dr. K. Mara. 3. Shashi Ghosh Lane, Calcuttaa. Dr. V. Subrahmanyan. Director, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore. Dr. C. Gopalan, Deputy Director, Nutrition Research Laboratories. Count. (Secretary) Physiology and Pharmacology Dr. B. Mukerji. Director, Central Drug Rescarch Institute. Lucknow (C:) Dr. B.K. Anand, Professor of Psychology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. Dr. Corinda Athari. Director, Bihar Drugs Control Laboratory, Patna. Shri PM. Sabur, Omiest on Special Duty. Alinality of Health, Xem Delhi Dz. (Smt.) Ranita Aiman. Professor of Pharmacology. D). Medical College, l'oona. D:. . Dilshit. Director, All-India Institute o! Medal Sinert, Skatjans, Sº Delhi. D;. Inderjit Singh. I'rrfestar of Physin!ney, Melical Col!cer. Agra. Di. JD. Iathal, l'orcusor er l'hys.closy. Sledical College. Barcha ·6 Dr. K.S. Sanjivi, Professor of Medicine & Physician, Madras · Medical College and Government General Hospital, Madras. Dr. G.K. Karandikar, Professor of Pharmacology, Medical College, Baroda. (Secretary) Physiology of Human Reproduction Dr. V.R. Khanolkar, Director, Indian Cancer Research Centre, Bombay. (Chairman) Dr. B. Mukerji, Director. Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow. Dr. P.K. Malkani, Professor of Gynæcology and Obstetrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi. Dr. V.N. Patwardhan, Director, Nutrition Research Laboratories, Coonoor. Dr. B.K. Anand, Professor of Physiology, All-India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. Lieut.-Colonel B.L. Raina, Officer on Special Duty (Family Planning) Directorate-General of Health Services, New Delhi. (Secretary) Virus Diseases Dr. T.H. Work, Director, Virus Research Centre, Poona. (Chairman) Dr. C.G.S. Iyer, Senior Research Officer, Neuropathological Unit, Indian Cancer Research Centre, Parel, Bombay-12. Dr. I.G.K. Menon, Observer, Govt. of India Influenza Centre, Pasteur Institute of Southern India, Coonoor. Dr. D.W. Soman, Director, Haffkine Institute, Bombay. Shri M.R. Dhanda, Head of the Division of Pathology and Bacteriology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, (by nomination) Lieut.-Colonel S.L. Kalra, Assistant Professor of Pathology, Armed Forces Medical College, Poona. Dr. T. Ramchandra Rao, Assistant Director of Public Health (Malaria), Bombay State, Connaught House, Poona. Dr. J.B. Shrivastav, Professor of Pathology & Bacteriology, Medical College, Nagpur. Dr. N. Veeraraghavan, Director, Pasteur Institute of Southern India, Coonoor. Dr. A.K. Thomas, Assistant Director, Centre Research Institute, Kasauli. (Secretary) Committee for Developing Standard Methods of Analysis of Water, Sewage and Trade Effluents and Formulating Standards of Quality, etc. Shri N.V. Modak, Special Engineer, Bombay Municipal Corporation, Mercantile Bank Building, Mahatma Gandhi Road, Bombay-l. (Chairman) Dr. T.R. Bhaskaran; Associate Professor of Sanitary Engineering, All- India Institute of Hygiene & Public Health, 110, Chittaranjan, Avenue, Calcutta.

·Shri Ll. Borkar, Superintendent and Chemiss, Sexa¢ Purificatinn Works, Tulsi Pipe Road. Dadur. Bunday 24 Dr. S. Govindarajan. Directnr. King Institutc. Guindy, Nadiasılå. Dr.1.1. Guttaxani, Toan Chemist. Tata Iron & Steci C, Lid. Jam:liedjur. Shri O. Ionkin. Er.Adviser in Public licalth Engineering, Directorate Gential of liralih Services, Xos Delhs (huis imeeles: Ir.a) Dr. Y.S. Narayana R:0, No.li, Il Cresent Park Road, Ganda Nipt', Adyar, fadrasai Dr.SC. Pillai. Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, O Valleswaram Bangalore. Shri K. Venkataramanan. Sanitary Chemist, [Public Health Engineering Organisation) Directurale-Goncial of licalil Senices, New Delhi. Dr. K.G. Verraraghavan, Chick Watct Anilysi, King Instituic, Guindy. Madras. (Scotcity) Cardio-vascular Diseases and Ilypertension Sub-Committee Dr. R.J. Valil. Standard Building, 310 llornby Road, Port. Bombay. (Charm.:) Dr. B.K. Anand, Professor of Plus:ology, All-India Insitute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. Dr. C Goralan. Deputy Director, Suisition Research Laboratores, Coonoor. Dr. R.P. Malhotra, Profe:sc5 of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Amritsar. Dr. K.S. Sanjivi. Professor of Medicine and Plys:cran, Madras Medical Cilless and Government General Hospital, Madras Dr.A.K Bise, 124.8. Dharmralla Street, Calcutta.13 Dr. G.G. Hadley: Associate l'rofessor of Pathology, Christian Medical Cilees, Vellose Dr. (Kumari S. Maumivati. I'rofessor of Medine. Lady Hardinge Nicuical College. New Delhi. Dr. P.K.S.n. Proſesire of Surgery, Seth G S. Medical Collers. Bombay D):. KS Mathur, Card: logist, S.N. Medical College. Afsa. (S6516) Ilæmatological Sub.Committee Dr. K.L. Wis, Principul. Medical College, Ainekset (****) 1)s, 3 D. Charicijex. l'roſcusor of llana:718). School of Trortial Mirds cinc, Calcutta. D:...31. tutarisse, l'infeswi or l'atlois) and Raciconfesy, Scil G.S. Medical College, Rumley, Dr. JC Hel. litros desafarit 1'1.ysician, KCS. Ilarial. Nad lisy V** Ne Quern'ı ka!, Ilarlyt. Dr. 5272 Kumar. Incluset. Derurin ont cfl'all...') and Bicen...), KG Medical Celicic, Luvirii.

·8 Liver Diseases Sub-Committee Dr. V.R. Khanolkar, Director, Indian Cancer Research Centre, Parel, Bombay-12. (Chairman) Dr. S.T. Achar, Professor of Pædiatrics, Madras Medical College and Government General Hospital, Madras. Dr. A.K. Basu, Director, Department of Surgery, Institute of Post- Graduate Medical Education and Research, Calcutta-20. Dr. V.N. Patwardhan, Director, Nutrition Research Laboratories, Coonoor. Dr. S.S. Sriramacharyulu, Pathologist, Nutrition Research Laboratories, Coonoor. Dr. B.K. Aikat, Director, Department of Pathology and Bacteriology, Seth Karnani Memorial Hospital, Lower Circular Road, Calcutta-20. Dr. R.M.L. Mehrotra, Reader in Pathology, K.G. Medical College, Lucknow, Dr. M. Thangavelu, Professor of Pathology, Medical College, Trivandrum. Dr. P.N. Wahi, Professor of Pathology, S.N. Medical College, Agra. Dr. V. Ramalingaswami, Professor of Pathology, All-India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. (Secretary) Therapeutic Trials Sub-Committee Dr. B.B. Yodh, 18, Darabsha Road, Bombay. (Convener) Dr. R.N. Chaudhuri, Director, School of Tropical Medicine, Calcutta. Lieut.-Colonel Jaswant Singh, Deputy Director General of Health Services, New Delhi. Dr. G.K. Karandikar, Professor of Pharmacology, Medical College, Baroda. Dr. B. Mukerji, Director, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow. Dr. R.M. Kasliwal, Principal, S.M.S. Medical College, Jaipur. Dr. J.C. Patel, Honorary Assistant Physician, K.E.M. Hospital, Back Bay View, New Queen's Road, Bombay-4. Cholera Sub-Committee Dr. K.V. Venkatraman, Serologist and Chemical Examiner to the Government of India, School of Tropical Medicine, Calcutta. (Chairman) Dr. S.N. De, Professor of Pathology, Medical College, Calcutta. Shri K.K. Mathen, All-India Institute of Hygiene & Public Health, Calcutta. Dr. S.C. Seal, Professor of Epidemiology, All-India Institute of Hygiene & Public Health, Calcutta.

·Dr. M.N. Lahiri. Professor of Mitrobiology. All-India Institute of Hygiene & Public Health. 110, Chittaranjan Avenue. Culoulla, Dr. K. Narayanan, Assistant Director, Central Research Institute, Kansuli. Dr. Cukirpal Singh, Assistant Director, Central Research Institute, Nasauli. (Secretary) Leprosy Sub.Committcc Dr. Dharmendra, Director. Central Leprosy Teaching & Research Ins. titute, Tirumani (Chinglarut Distt.) (Chairman) Dr. Paul W. Brand. Professor of Ortharadics and licad of the Surgical Department. Christian liedical College. Vellore Dr. V.R. Khanolkar, Director. Indian Cancer Research Centre, Parcl. Bombay-12. Dr. W. Monkerji. Onicer-in-charse. Leprosy Department, School of Tropical Vicdicine, Calcutta. Dr. N. Figueredo, Superintendent. Acworth Leprosy Ilome. Wadala. Bombay. Dr. P.L. Karoor, Special Leprosy Omcer, Bombay Statc. Office of the Surgeon General with the Government of Bombay, Bombay-l. Dr. K.R. Chatterjec, Asistant Rescarch Oficer, Leprosy Department, School of Tropical Medicine, Calcutta Dr. R.V. Warilekar, Secretary. Gandhi Memorial Leprosy Foundation, Wardha. (Scorciary) Malaria and other Arthropod Bome Discases Sub-Committee Licut.Colonel Jawant. Singh. Deputy Director General of Ilealth Services, New Delhi. (Chairman) Dr. A. Francis. Assistant Director of Public Health, 61, Mount Road. Cathedral !!, Midras. Dr. T. Ramchandra Rao. Assistant Director of Public Health (Afalarza). Thombay State, Connsught llouso. Perona. Dr. X.GS. Raghavan Assistant Directos. Hataria Institute of India, Delhi. Colonel X.Dr. Kasani, Ollicerin-charge, Ilygiene Derentment, Arred Porcry Medical College, Poona.l. Dr. SC Seal Professor of Epidemiology, All-India Institute of Hygiene & Public Ilcalih. Culcuita. Ds. ll. Trapidlo. Derury Director, Virus Research Centre, Poon: Dr. B. Arandusimy Ran, Orig. Director. Melaria Iniutute of Indir. (Sketc!:) Tulxrculosis Sub.Committee Dr.I.v. Benjamin. Advi'rr in Tulviru! :1. Gurent ! Irdir, Directriale Geroral! liealth Servica. Xe* Delbs. (CL.17:) Circl'... Ian. l'eſesses of the ingy. Aimed roots Manical College, l'ena.

·10 Dr. J. Frimodt-Moller, Medical Superintendent, Union Mission Tuberculosis Sanatorium, Arogyavaram, Near Madanapalle, South India. Dr. K.S. Sanjivi, Professor of Medicine & Physician, Madras Medical College and Government General Hospital, Madras. Dr. B.K. Sikand, Director, Tuberculosis Centre, Circular Road, New Delhi. Dr. C. Chandrasekharan, Professor of Statistics, All-India Institute of Hygiene & Public Health, Calcutta. Dr. K.N. Rao, Director of Medical Services, Andhra State, Hyderabad-Dn. Dr. P.K. Sen, Professor of Medicine, (Tuberculosis & Chest Diseases), Medical College, Calcutta. Dr. K.L. Wig, Principal, Medical College, Amritsar. (Secretary) Venercal Diseases Sub-Commitice Dr. R.V. Rajam, Director, Institute of Venereology, Government General Hospital, Madras-30. (Convener) Dr. C.W. Chacko, Serologist, Venereal Diseases Laboratory, Institute of Venereology, Madras Medical College, Madras. Dr. Sourin Ghosh, Professor of Surgery (Venereology), Medical College and Hospital, SS, College Street, Calcutta.' Dr. K.C. Kandhari, Lecturer in Skin & Venereal Diseases, Medical College, Amritsar. Major-General S. Narain, Commandant, Armed Forces Medical College, Poona. Dr. K.V. Venkatraman, Serologist and Chemical Examiner to the Government of India. School of Tropical Medicine, Calcutta. Sub-Committee for Standardization of Intelligence Tests Dr. B. Kuppuswamy, Professor of Psychology, Maharaja's College, Mysore. (Convener) Shri F.S. Chothia, Vocational Guidance Officer, Vocational Guidance Buredu, 3, Cruickshank Road, Bombay.1. Dr. D. Ganguly, Department of Psychology, University College of Science and Technology, 92, Upper Circular Road, Calcutta. Dr. S.K. Parukh, Consulting Psychologist. 646, Khareghat Road, Dadar, Bombay. Dr. K.C.K.E. Raja, Co-ordinating Officer, Central Demographic Teaching and Research Centre, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Chembur, Bombay-30. Dr. T.V. Srinivasiah, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Baroda, Baroda.

·13 Nutrition Education Sub-Committee Dr. K. fitra, 3, Shashi Ghosh Lane, Calcutta-5. (Ccrivnici) Dr. V. Rainakrishnan Assistant Director General of Health Education, Directorate General of lealth Services, New Delhi. Dr. V.x. Parvardhan. Director, Nutrition Rescarch Laboratorics, Coonoor, Dr. (Sint.) Muktha Sen. Professor of Maternity & Child Wdfare, All. India Institute of Hygienc & Public Health, Calcutta. Dr. C Goralan, Deputy Director. Nutrition Research Laboratorics. Coonoor. 01..M.V. Radhakrishna Ran. Assistant Director in Charcc. Department of Nutrition. Government of Bombay. Haftline Instituts. Parel. Bombay.1: Dr. (Smt.) HM. Sharma, Assistant Director of Public Health, Madras. Nutrition Survey Sub-Committee Dr. K. Mitra, 3. Shashi Ghosh Lanc, Calcuita-s. (Contener) Dr. C. Gopalan, Deputy Director. Nutrition Research Laboratories, Coonoor. Dr. K. Samciwan Rao, Nutrition Research Labntatorics. Coonoor. Shri K.K. Mathen. All-India Institute of Hygiene & Public Health, Calcutta. 1. V.8. Patwardhan, Director. Nutrition Rescarch Laboratories, Commor, Sub-Committee on Protein Malnutrition Dr. V... Patwardhan. Director, Nutrition Rescarch Laboratorica, Cror. (Contener) Dr. S.T. Achar, Professor of I'xdiatrics, Madras Medical College and Gyernment General Ilonpital. Madras Dr. C. Cronalan. Deputy Director, Nutrition Research Laboratories, Cmnont. Dr. C. Chandrasekharan. Professor of Statistics, All India Institute of Ilygiene & Publu Ilealth, Calcutta. Dr. V. Subrahmanyan, Director. Central Food Technological Research Instituse. Cheluvamba Jansion. Mysore. Dr.1.3. Radhakrishna Rao, Assistant Director. In-charge Derartment of Sutritinn. Ilamine Institute, Parel. Bombay.12. Sub-Committee for Compüins Data on Physiological Worms or indiant Dr. W.X. Pasardhen, Director, Vitrition Racach laboratoriu, (Cwx67) Di. DK. AnoProfessor o! Phyuelasy. All India Inaute of Medical Stiences, X'su Delhi.

·12 Dr. J.D. Pathak, Professor of Physiology, Medical College, Baroda. Dr. G.K. Karandikar, Professor of Pharmacology, Medical College, Baroda. Dr. J.C. Sachdev, Professor of Physiology, M.G.M. Medical College, ndore. Sub-Committee for Compiling Information regarding Facilities etc. on Physiological Problems in Medical Colleges. Dr. B.B. Dikshit, Director, All-India Institute of Medical Sciences, Safdarjang, New Delhi. (Chairman) Dr. J.D. Pathak, Professor of Physiology, Medical College, Baroda. Dr. B.K. Anand, Professor of Physiology, All-India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. Dr. G.K. Karandikar, Professor of Pharmacology, Medical College, Baroda. (Secretary) ·III. TECHNICAL. REPORT OF THE RESEARCHES CARRIED OUT DURING THE YEAR 1957. The researches carned out during the year under repost cc recommended by the Scientific Advisory Board at its meetings helt in Alyse on the oth and oth Nuscmlxs, 19.30. and scrc approved to the Governing Body of the Indian Council of Medical Research at its mecling held in New Delhi on ihe 3rd March, 1957. The 1960's exposed by the irdetidual uurhers are rot neccsunly the cours of the Coural. CLINICAL RESEARCH 1. Clinical Research Unit under Dr V. R. Khanollar at the Indian Cancer Rescarch Centre, Bombay. 1. A Cl.com:cal method for climation of chronic concdotrophic hormone (C.G.T.11.) in urine. -The knoon biological methods for the cstimation of CGT.13. are time consume and Larco alles! asc Icing made to develop a chemical method or their cstimation GTII being prutein in nature, its quantitarre cstimation by means of the phenol reasent is being standardised The details of the method are given in the report. The gonadotrophic activity of the txormone prepusatırn obrained by this methx is checked by a bioassay method A mean concentration of GTI in male urine was found to be 6 11 cm 0.714 ms. I hour (expressed as cancin equivalent). E1!1m110 of its non-prolein rifragen costur.is of Serum and t-cintaslthy subjects and in COTECT with Harry lart and kidney diffimas sudy on the non-stolcin ritrogen constituents of rerum and urinc in lieutily subjects and in cancer cases with secundary Inser and lidney dysfunction uss undertalen. The g'urge of the study #28 (a) to investigate uhsil.er the changes in scrum ar.d urinary levels of these constituents.ascumpared to those of beally sutircts, are character. istic of these discares, and (b) to find out of any secit rclate nahin existed in these diseases triacen the scrum and urinary NIV Untituenti. So far, 93 healthy individuals, e cancer calls with scandan ner dyluncti'n and i cancet cases with musterlidney Jysſunutin hare Iren tudied further scrum and unsady XX cuintucrits The #11 Caner case with recondary laser dyr!unction cre claracieriled by the 11.*r fur.ceiin Irrit. On the use the insul:s of this studi 11 *7Tyas that shiese it is an arrecibe change in the rerum .NIXrtflers in 11*** (*•1*ith secundaryliser untuncusn, lwys a high class in t!. une croituent is nici cuxor aici.ith awayein dney dydun.clien, ·14 3. Metabolic Studies on Thiosters of Hydrocarbons.-- Rals wcrc fcd with pure dibenzochiophene and their urine was collected. From the pooled urine, a colourless crystalline compound n.p. 257 Idecon:p.) and an oil have been obtained. Identification of these products is in progress. 2. Neurological Unit under Dr. V.R. Khanolkar at the Indian Cancer Rescarch Centre, Bombay. 1. EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATIONS ON LATHYRISS In continuation of certain observations made last year further experiments were undertaken to test the hypothesis that the focding of Lathyrus sativus could facilitate thic noxious effects of neurotoxic agents in doses that would be innocuous to normal stock-dict fcd animals, Four groups of young Wistar Rits including those maintained for a period of six months on citlicr a : per cent or 100 per cent lathyrus dict and their respective controls, were challenged with graded doses of KCN administered as an aqueous solution by intraperitoncal injection, as follow's : Group (1) received 0·55 mg/kg. hody weight. Group (2) 10 mg/kg., Group (3) 20 mg/lig. and (1) 3:0) mg/kg. body wcighe respectively per dosc, by intraperitoneal injection. All the animals of Group (1) received a total of S injections (one per day), while the remaining three groups received ? injections of the doses specified above. All the animals survived the full schedule of injections. During periods ranging from one to three days after the last injection the animals werc sacrified, and the brain proximal portion of the cervical spinal cord. and portions of the liver were removed carefully for histological examination. Histological changes of varying degrees were found in the brains of all the animals. Pyknosis, shrinkage of cellular outlines. tortuosity of the dendritic processes and homogenous decp staining, with loss of differentiation between nucleus and cytoplasm or pallor with progressive degrees of disintegration of the cell body, were the main nerve cell alterations. There was no appreciable difference in the pattern of distribution of such changes in Lathyrus-fed or control animals. A rough quantitative evaluation of the changes observed in each of these animals was attempted, making this evaluation as objective as possible. The extent of the changes in both nerve cells and white matter was used as a criterion to indicate these in numerically increasing grades of NI, N+ etc. and WŁ, W + etc. The sign + was given the value of l, and I of respectively to both nerve cell and white matter changes. The total obtained for each of the experimental and control groups was averaged and expressed in the terms of average numerical values. It was found (a) that there was no distinct linear relationship between the extent of the changes observed and the doses of cyanide ·13 - rol group. b Wulc the Lathyruled ficut Tc than tlicit rosen uficant. co 1 Wulette results obtained so far, are not conudered in. in any way, sicnificantly offer susmit in the hymthesis on which this experj. mert was based, it is proposed to conclude these inicidifatinas anth oluens suns on similar group of animals treated #ith increasingly higher doses of yarude. 11. Srlos IX PIRIDOXIN DrnicirNCY (a) Monarys: One of the two montcys-crbcy No. 1 maintained on the dictary syridoxinc dchcorry for the last 3 months, harleen sacrificed for histology. At the end of this genod. the animal had lost five gurds in sciphi. Icked aramic and t.:sll; cinaweled ith an extensive lo:s of lizir all scr thc lx.xdy, particularly in tl.c joints of the life. Thete was a marked fill in the lascis ortid haforlobin. siamin B plan a total protein. AG. 131.0 ord Accirc number of fortyscids, and a rose in the plasma alkaline phrashatuse value. However, the levels of Mood ute plasma total lirics, and total cholesterol remained unalíccted. These results apprared to bx indicaric or damage of the liver. The histological cxamination of the viscera of thus animal i PORTC. Monkey No. P. did not slant ans marked changes clinically Timers, significant biochemical chanses have excn olsened in the Incis of vitamu sh. A Gratin, plasma alkalıre phosphatase, and dire numlxt of (211) :cids Altlırsuph direct correlation ixtueen Vitamin it, and infine rember of forty acids could ml be con during this counts of the inJuced deficiency, the prolonged deficiency brruplit alxut * marked seducting in fie plastia in line numixe of fatty acids aftre a prx of 19 months, in furth the mon)cys. In the atsence of adequale surrly of sandmune i arxass, the animals are unalle in mate proper use of sential fatty acids. An increase in Madurea levels obsesc in trde un deb.fr.: rals (Baron ci JNC,); 716, 1953) 25 Dearen in writ), th R:!1: Errerimer::al observa on induced 4:arne Selaincy in rats mentioned in our last year't sep 11 x els cuntitled Intent.adult male Wisin Rats beishing tri coniunt, *ciewed. Then i det red is a malin2! 19 nr 11.c dirt med tay Tullen l'air.28 (1J.A.R. 34: 3, 19*>1) ar. Ikirim via Arc! 1!. Xhem. Biophysics Gt:n, 184). The vitamin, carnit olunand Inset stor dricimit is mittek: al susay cr Ailinci (Ind. En Q.com Anal 13.

·16 141, 1943), liver and blood transaminase by that of Tonhazy et al (Arch. Biochem. 28 : 36, 1950), using Marsh et al technique for blood transaminase (J. Nutrition, 56 : 115, 1955). The estimation of urea was carried out by nesslerization using urease suspension, and the. liver total lipids by the method of Channon et al (Biochem. J. 31 : 1736, 1937). RESULTS : (a) Clinical.-Early clinical manifestations of the deficiency such as roughness, patchy brown discolouration of the fur, reddening of the margins of the ear and skin of paws appeared in 1-2 weeks in both the pyridoxine deficient and deoxypyridoxine treated animals. There was however, a transient regression of these symptoms after 4-6 weeks. The severity of the affection of nose, paws and the anogenital region were observed at the end of 21-3 months and S-8 months in the case of deoxypyridoxine treated, and pyridoxine deficient rats respectively. The delayed appearance of these symptoms may be attributed to the use of adult rats of 180-200 gms. This was necessary to have sufficient material for the entire biochemical studies. Using adult rats of same weight group, Ramalingaswamy and Sinclair, (J. Învest. Dermatology, 20 : 81, 1953) have observed that severe pyridoxine deficiency symptoms occurred after 6 months feeding of the rats on diet deficient in pyridoxine. (b) Biochemical.-The effect of the induced deficiency by deoxypyridoxine appears to be similar to that of dietary pyridoxine deficiency so far as the levels of vitamin B. in blood and liver are concerned. While the levels of blood and liver transaminase diminish significantly in the case of deoxypyridoxine treated rats, only blood transminase values fall markedly whereas the liver transaminase is not significantly affected in the case of pyridoxine deficient animals. In one set of recovery experiments where the animals were kept for 3 months on deoxypyridoxine diet and then fed pyridoxine for 4-5 weeks (Group IV), the levels of vitamin B transaminase and urea reverted almost to normal. The deoxypyridoxine fed rats showed two-fold increase in blood urea while these levels were only slightly elevated in the pyridoxine deficient group, as compared to controls. Definite correlation could be seen between the levels of blood and liver vitamin B and transaminase in the control and experimental groups. The values of vitamin B6 compare favourably with those of Tulpule and Williams (J. Nutrition, 57 : 529, 1955) and those of transaminase are higher than those reported by Caldwell and McHenry, (loc cit). There appears to be no accumulation of fat in the livers of these animals and in fact the values of lipids in experimental groups are lower than those observed in controls. These results are in agreement with those of Caldwell and others. Histological examination of tissues of the rats sacrificed so far is in progress.

·11 III. RETEXEXCE Work 1. Kasamur Forest Disease. During the criure of this year the unit recrived asxcimens of brains and viscera from post-mortems perform. ed on three fatal human cases of Kyunur forest d: case in dysore, and similar specimens from almut in montess found dead in the foreit. Intological cxamination of these specimens have been completed and the findings are being prepared for publication 2. Encephalitis material from Singapore.-During the course of 1 3 from annther 12, and incomplete specimens from others. The first lot has been ruimined and has revealed histological findings of a disseminar d.non-aurrerative encorhalitis, suggestive of varur crccphalitis in the mujority of cases. Two of these cascs reveal intranuclear cosinophilic inclusions. The rest of the material is under study, 3. Miscellaneous.md total of 135 specimerk. Inclusive of muscle biorsies, neurosurgical biopsies, and brains obtaineil from post-mortens on neurological cales, CIC rccened for study the 3. Clinical Research Unit under Dr. RV Chaudhuri School of Tropical Medicine, Calcutta 1. CLINICAL AND Firli) Woxx. 1. Trogical cosirophilia : A clinical study of 101 oy casts.-inst of the patients ucro malce (04) Ixiseen the ages 11 and 30 and residents of Calcutta Occts. pation and environment did not seem to have any influence on the incidence rust history of allergic manifestations due to shunitis, C10$, a (ca 1313 Ard of the patients r family memberi 1 or Clinic:l featurel-The onset was usually inudinus. but acute in a fem.lc duration of illness has from 3 months to "3 car5 The common fissato risiems etc cough and or brunchal ram 1h it ut uretoration. Oihet sympas present in vanir r ::trn! were leathlesunris, agur rains in ches!. los' irr:!ar revcr. lot of wrisht and exchanil spinn! Hinnl. Variout non sulmoniry symp. Tesign, m stly fatto intestinal. cle recent but arraren:ly uncompeted with tropical mus. Iníci! thon: sus :ch. in fr: crne «Urs, including relat sere mmm a finire in the lurst sih maliyema na lex, while the main tascal change *esp. moting in or increased hruach arcular that with hilar Castiny.

·18 Laboratory examinations. - Wbc per c. mm., average 22,470, highest 44,000, lowest 6,200, Eosinophils per c. mm., average 13,934 (62 percent), highest 35,360 (30 per cent), and lowest 2,088 (18 per cent). The common intestinal parasites were present in 21 per cent of patients. None had microfilaria in blood. Various other examinations were made, but the results werc of no importance cxccpt that intradermal tests with dirofilaria immitis antigen were uniformly positive in all the 23 cases tested including 6 cases reported last year. In 5 cases the test was repeated after treatment with positive result. Eight control cases including 5 with microfilaria in blood gave negative results except one. With hydatid fluid it was positive in about hall the cases, while with hookworm antigen obtained locally was uniformly negative. Biopsies of the liver, lymphnodes and skin showed nothing special except eosinophilic infiltrations. Spirochætes often found much in excess in bowel mucus and sputum, than in the control cases, were reduced after treatment. Blood of 104 family members of 31 patients were examined for eosinophilia of whom 11 had eosinophil above 20 per cent, maximum being 60 per cent in one. In treatment, the preliminary report on diethylcarbamazine tried in 28 cases and submitted last year showed that with it the response was striking in 20 cases, the results being "indeterminate" in 5 and "failure" Of the failures 2 did not also respond to arsenic. The trial was carried out this year on a further series of 34 cases making a total of 62. The daily adult dose was 400-500 mgm. in divided doses for 5-7 days. The pulmonary symptoms usually disappeared within a week with a marked fall of eosinophil count in 2-5 weeks. Initial aggravation of cough and spasm occurred in 9 cases. Mild untoward reactions viz. nausea, pain in abdomen, slight fever. etr., were not uncommon, especially with larger doses, but did not necessitate discontinuance of the drug. Two cases however required a second course. The drug is quicker in action and efficient; next comes arsenical injections and after it carbarsone, aureomycin and antimonials. The last three are slow or unreliable. There was no aclvantage in combining diethylcarbamazine with carbarsone. Only 2 out of 5 cases treated with aureomycin, 0.5 gm., 6-hourly had complete relief. Prednisolone, as reported last year, had a temporary effect; it is very useful in cases with status asthmaticus. Antimony injections (I.V. or I.M.) were tried in 18 cases. They were not always tolerated well and the response was good in 6 of which one relapsed after a month. Spleen extract, sulphonamide, antihistaminics, urethane, penicillin and streptomycin were without effect. The benign nature of the disease, long duration when untreated, relapses, absence of gross pathological changes and the fact that the condition is influenced by drugs with parasiticidal (helminthic) action and not by antihistaminics are in favour of an infection with one or more types of organism of low virulence. History of allergy in 27 percent cases and the usually prompt but temporary response to prednisolone suggest the possibility of an allergic factor. A follow-up of 20 cases treated with diethylcarbamazine for a period of 3 to 12 months showed a further fall, on an average from 18 per cent ·10 to procent. One relaxed after a year, but resyndel mit ay kell as in thxc fitt allack, (A) Pald Supiny.-In continuation of a preliminary survey ng exte nipulia 14st year. in Cottain tural areas of West Bengal further purveys on the incidence nf (o inoşbılı any ng 'normal' rople in certain areas of Arran and West Ingal note cared out. in Guiliin duurist b'] of :311 memlxers of all as froups were caminai loath fallu'c cminophil and differential" count. Eshty cases had sinomhuil ount alsnc %) per cent up to a maximum of it as coni, tlır higher in gjence bing noted in young as froup Thirty-two cases had abiplute cunt b:licon (0--13,00) 23,6V) in:1., 3. in 6. 3,-1) 191 2014 13.***the other), l'ut none of them showed any clinical manifesta. **** in Jalpaiguri dokt 0.2sulijecia aretamine Vigie biomas coilected lur microfiluria as well as for differendul cunt in the same ab. iret. Possinnrhile per cent was detected in 113,21 1.ving a cunt of 30 per cent and almve up to a maximum of percint without any clinical minifcations in 39 cases microulant was found in bird of ** only sex hd caseshil count bitxeen percent 2343 per cene These resulta da mi indicite ob.rgus arociation of huch ewinnslislio sath filarial inſcction, although failure to demonstrate suraste does not of coure exclude the infection. In a Factory near Glcuita alicre workers are ex incisous substances and dust, 20 kls»xcel corsorghus abric 997 per cent (1-34 per cent in 79, 31 -- recent in 8 and 31-ger cont in 3) out of si adult maks eraminid. Two gave puthurry of asth. muic attacks. It indicates that arpiure i varuuts, dust elu. JXs not caus: any increase of cosinopuls nor a gravales pulmonary wymptoms in C284 in had cruinophils ne fer cerit. Crime:5.-Thicc suncys are reported on the incidence of cesin. phila (per cent and abuse up to 7 por cent) amn: 9.139 apriori. iy mamel' ixtisic (men. unmen and children in certain urban anu rural areas of nium and West Bengal including a factory arcı The overall incidence of prisiroglulia maslax cent and minif the ca* *ccliund in )rungerar fours (up to yours of c) The uuncy indicates that are curin ritacan cus: Fullsnut an * 2:1071 In one arca (Jalpaiguri) o per cent of the populatio crimined uric found online microalaria in their !xx. trut enly out of 3* in cases had rusinoplulta Ixtuceno) per cent ord 34 pxt cent, the other ...1c. . Trz! Szeme:ly: (1) Alles was Analysis of all the dela o *** cases ol chirme orien galy hned thit il ey were of varied ricas trira! 111? C. $ine of them asie de to ge hens'r'is. moral Cirih 1916. !ibrati pral ry!sucht th:2!1s17:118 ]meablic der, la majority contro rural pris 996 varlt chirnis palatis. mala ultitie, bisan 2:. :oni: fathele uit throrin! ok masytraducirth-11:5gravirub, x8741 4-lits ay irirtisson :1212 diga lista:171 i !! wloc1*1etimi!eri realym} tiestel melicyan! 16 kerrienet.3. dalam alter the years:n ** :J. the titlurile clienti*******!111er11.

·20 In the non-operated series, 22 cases (4 years or less duration) in the 'early' stage were cured on suppressive anti-malarial therapy--weekly or fortnightly for half to one year. In the 'late' stage, 7 out of 14 patients (4-12 years' duration) there was remarkable reduction in the size of the spleen to 2" or less from 6"-9". Others remained in same state or became worse, one having died of hepatic failure following hæmatemesis. In the 'terminal stage (8 to 18 years' duration), 3 out of 7 died and the remaining four had recurrent attacks of hæmatemesis. Seventeen cases in the late stage were subjected to splenectomy. Three died of operation, one of hæmatemesis and hepatic coma one year after and another from ascites and hepatic failure 2 years after while 5 were lost sight of. The remaining 7 patients complained of progressive weakness and lost weight by 4-15 pounds after the initial gain within one year although their blood picture was almost within the normal range. Two had hæmatemesis and melæna l) and 21 years, after the operation. Irregular fever was complained of by 4 patients. Repeated needle biopsy of the liver showed necrosis of liver cells, cellular infiltration and fibrotic changes of varying grades in six of them, and the lesions were found to be more advanced than in the pre-operative biopsies. Careful assessment of a case especially with regard to the state of liver is therefore indicated before splenectomy. It is of interest to note from the field study that as a result of antimalarial measures for several years, the condition, hitherto a serious menace to public health in rural areas, has been virtually eliminated from the area. (2) Investigation for presence of abnormal hæmoglobin.--Fatal hæmoglobin was estimated in the Hæmatology Department in 32 cases, following the alkali denaturation technique of Singer et al. The average level of fæetal hæmoglobin was 2.12 per cent and the range varied from 0.0 to 4.4 per cent. Using an L.K.B. model paper electrophoresis equipment, electrophoretic analysis of hæmoglobin was done in 19 cases. All the patients showed a single spot having electrophoretic mobility of A hæmoglobin and the genotype in each case conformed to AA pattern. None showed any abnormal hæmoglobin. C. Spleen extracts. - Acetone extract of bovine spleen was prepared in the laboratory and evaluated clinically in urticaria, bronchial asthma and tropical eosinophilia. Cases of urticaria showed variable improvement, a number of them being completely relieved during the period of observation for 3 months. Others had little or no improvement. II. EXPERIMENTAL WORK A. Tropical splenomegaly.--Continuation of the study showed that latent P. berghei infection in rat could cause chronic splenomegally of large size. Significant pathological changes in the liver, focal necrosis, cellular infiltration and fibroblastic proliferation, were also observed, and the fibroblastic activities were more marked if the diet was deficient. Initial deposition of malarial pigment in both the spleen and liver ultimately disappeared after 11 to 2 years. The experimental findings ·acre thus some lat similar to those in clinical coct. Central rats trexice! kill meraciinc altes cach inoculation showed to "$ufcunt plcnic enlarferrent and hepatx insoletnient. 1). Ametissi, Intra.cxcal iroculation of crude culture of E. historia in cuinea rigs produced acute intestinal arabilis, lacinis to death within a week or 10. Sme changes in the Ines uose } olrcred. The duuril.rr.c manifestation aus, honect, conficucu.ly its absence in all these animals and, thesclure, it was not algayx xmoble to cxamine the stoo! The cacal content at the time of 520101xc showed. however, rrence of amaba in most of them To facilitatc repeated exametion of the cacal cuntant for Ekinclytics. Without sacrificios the anunal «18 sullfical measure, a method was desised by application of i premanent brillow nictallic fixture into the cxcut for easy recul:100 as well at withdrawal of focal material for examination, whenever rcquiral. 4 Inquiry on the Endemic focus of Schistosomiasis under Dr. H.I. Jhala at the Grant Medical College, Domhay. Infection caperimenils on Snails.-About 16,66 snails (Ferrissa tcnuis) were infected during the year with different doses of muracidia. A majority were infected numasse. 10.511) F. tcnuis collected from nature at Gimsi were infected at Gimvi and ucie brought to the labo. ratury: 13 laluatory bred inals were taken to Gimsi in an atmoa. phere of oxygen, infected at Gimvi and sie brought back to the later falniny: Simriss cf unirc glitsined from patients in Bomba scurt aler:bye t'uz:uation in the number of viable ova, and in the degree of actinity of batched out miracada. The infected rc:111513 tenuis that turived a triod of 3 weris after in retrin emitted iw cerealise, Ayield of imited number cercarile was asallable tuine and a un. This box c14. 25 (no less for animal infection. De to this the infected animals uste ſuund to be csatunc ale: prix of three months. It was eened that a majority of the infected snails die in the 1. bratstylucause of the infectern and rarth ddac in the failure rf 2:1 corrupinil'isonu:s are very mult in size and qunie celicstr. It is!: 1 (bunal that there anails aren'in bust canalis o moc Ix-crirsirAt Gimsiis is find thx the rair of unication in ferriera in tuun! recent in general. Irrin rx114andasnnumly: climarali al - indretents 1s!Y?!!y with S hieman tuml mayay ( 11.Jntnise the Xo! incuhstien. Teie that iurine 41€ (wird angstíc on diritdiun.

·20 Animal infection : (a) With S. hacmatobium : Different methods of animal infection were tricd on mice, young rabbits, but these gove negative results as the cercarini yield was very poor. (b) With S. Spindalis : Micc and rabbits were infected with certarias emitted by naturally infected Indo-planorbis cxhustus and Limnica Luccola snails. A good number of S. Spindalis adult worms were recovered after three months of infection. The cercarial yeild from these snails was considerable. Survey of the village Gimui.--Survey of School children at Gimvi was carried out in the month of January, 1957. Out of 29 cases cxamined 18 were with viable ova (out of these six had gross haematuria), Seven with non-viable ova, and 4 were negative. It was observed that the population of ſcrrissia tenuis was excellent where the structure of the river bed is stoney, water level is shallow, and when there is a constant movement of human beings and animals. Experimental work.--Indo-planorbis cxhustus were used in experiments on quantitative cercarial yield, and the cffect of heat, light and salinity in different grades on the emission of cercarial. Experiments were also carried out on phototrophicity of cereariæ, -viability of F. tenuis in different conditions of oxygen requirement in an atmosphere of oxygen. Experiments on the viability of S. hæmatobium ova under different conditions of media and temperature totally failed. Staining, clearing and mounting of adult worms (S. spindalis) was done satisfactorily. Re-Survey of village Gimui. - House to house survey of Gimvi was carried out in first week of September 1957. In this survey people born, and brought up in the village, and no casual visitors were also taken into account. The total population worked out to be 933 out of which 468 were males and 465 females, 676 per male were staying in the village and 257 were casuals at the time of survey. Infection was maximum in Lower-Marathawada. About 40 percent of males staying in Lower-Marathawada had been infected some time or the other. The incidence was maximum in the age group of 5-15 years, and the 5-25 years group was found to be the usual period of incidence. It was observed that a majority of cases treated by the Public Health Department, Poona, in Nủay, 1955 showed relapse. Three fresh ·in (210 of inlection sere found in Loxtr-Marath:22ade and one Urtxt.Matatsua. Araxt on the detailed survey work 11 in the prest. GLUTPAL Turcirn workers tiere contulied abyut certain peci of the rocarch work but no utisfactory reply was eccened from any of tlxm. An insiutsan to attend the African Cinfcrcncc on Bilarsiasis held a! Brazzaville on oth Xosember to sth Desember, 19:54 was truened λη cxrrous leltet uns *ritten to Director, Indian Council of Medical Rescarch iſ the Council of W.110 #vulil finance the deputation of onc of the members of thus enquiry This was not arranged perhaps duc to short notics A research scheme presented by Di A.K l'arma of the Lise Sirxch Research Station, Bihar was ucli commented upon by ut 5. Inquiry into the use of artificial hypothermia (hibernation) in open intracardiac surgery under Dr PK Sen at the Seth GS Medical College, Bombay. Alingether ton corriments have been carried ost nince Jue August 3057. This work has been divided in two main heads. A. Studies in orderne liggerrus. - To carry cut asxn Arya Carabotomy 09 completely non-pulaule alandauill' heart with a viru in aclude icrebral angri, ventricular fibrillawn 3d Ant cinam. A croup of seven experiments, in s:udy the khaxsour of the heart at uw temperatures ranging froin 2C to lu'C.. hanc tron carrocerul. R. A further group of thres experiments sds con.lucted a pro. duce pulcowling in alnut 3.-C. and rradur& chemical caldo stres: lv refusing the comman cuculatina with pointum.cate mulutmn through the dicending ao 12 afico outlet clamping. A. xruINENTAL 1XOXTOLTES Aduli menerel ders were anritheliresish intraremos perder!!.al mg gilly-weis!!!, an endns.cheal fute 12: 15.14ried and te lungs hxreixent:fedt (* time per minute) Vencsecs. 1 adane 5:1 intranet's lng atted. Clic!io cards ON!:c cin!!! *71% tale, animals vers imetted in Keccled *108 (*t rem. Xidluis in 'C) airt srcolin; the mifinal ferruge tith trial clesix therm.c!. The tal temeature and ECC prerad! : ntaineety ten minutes When the fruitri 1. fXiaoceraire the cold alt var tre ol. ani top:2211 "The Ismxature chal warned 13 *5'C Irs *27 water to 14-varm the anissals in the ciginal tota: 17.

·24 Out of the seven dogs, three went into complete cardiac arrest (Nos. 4, 7 and 15), and did not.register any beat after re-warming. Dog No. 5 when cooled to 10°C., registered 4 beats per minute. On re-warming, it developed ventricular fibrillation at 27°C., and died. Dogs Nos. 9, 12 and 17 registered less than 10 beats per minute when re-warming was started. There was full recovery of the heart beats, reflexes returned and automatic breathing started, but all died within three hours of revival. B. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE Adult mongrel dogs were anæsthetized with intravenous pentothal (30 mg./kg. body weight), an endotracheal tube was inserted and ventilated at a rate of 16 per minute. Electrocardiographic control tracings were taken. The original temperature was recorded with rectal electric thermo couple and animal immersed in ice-cooled water. The temperature and E.C.G. were recorded every ten minutes till the temperature fell to 32°C. The animal was taken out of the bath and placed on the operation table. After drying, the animal, the chest was opened by a transverse incision at the level of 4th intercostal space. The sternum was cut across and retracted. The pericardium incised. The azygos vein was isolated and ligated. The superior vena cava and inferior vena cava were isolated and clamped, and lastly the ascending aorta was clamped. A solution of potassium citrate in blood was injected in the aorta, proximal to the clamp to perfuse the coronary arteries till the heart stopped in diastole. After four minutes of complete cardiac arrest, plain blood was injected into the aorta, proximal to the clamp, under pressure, to wash out the potassium citrate from the coronaries. The clamp was released. The heart started beating, the beats being weak initially and showing some fibrillary twitchings. Calcium chloride was injected in the aorta after applying the clamps again when the heart beats improved but were not well sustained. In these three experiments different concentrations of potassium citrate (25 per cent, 10 per cent, 5 per cent) have been used, these being of the nature of early pilot procedures. The optimal concentration of the cardioplegic drug varies with many factors including that of temperature, 6. Effect of metaphyseal stimulation of longitudinal bone growth under Dr. B. Mukopadhya at the P.W. Medical College, Patna. This series of experiments have been carried over from the year 1954 through 1955 to 1956 and 1957. On the basis of observations made in 1954 and 1955, it was felt that the failure to obtain increase in length of a growing bone could be explained on the basis of a comparatively transient increase in the vascularity of the region of the metaphysis produced by the implantation of thin soft autogenous grafis taken from ·5 varrulanty more sustained, hand cortical adult bine remned from petmal healthy aduk 21 and preserved by chemical senlien 20 used in the present scrics as the grafted material. It *** turl.! that such grafts will lake konset to be able and sell thus puwure more prolongcal increase in vascularıty. The proxess of adopting of the graft was followej by scrul X-rays and in order to avoid cereation of the vasculas responc repeated graſtons was performed in the recent *c*10* of experiments. The following olsservations sere made (1) Even sortate prafting and sustained increase in the acts larity of the diaphyseal side of the criphyscal cartilaf dret not produce acceleraton of the rate of proliferation of the camilage columns and dix's not produce any remanent increase in the length of the growing lone. (O) Repxeated grafting very definitely produce ustained increase in the vascularity of all the layers of tissues, 1e deep fascia, the muscle. the friostum of the region of the metaphy at of the long bones. (3) Rerxated grafting also produces an inflamatory reasons and this is accompanied and followed toy replicement of fibros caurins adherinn of different layers of tissues adjacent to the joint and thus may be a factor in ultimately producing rigidity of the joint. (6) Repeated grafting appears to have caused varying degrees of direct injury in the eriphyseal frowth plite leading in cither retardatinn or crisation of growth in the cartilage plase (9) Repeated crafting i technically a difficult procedure and unless performed with extreme caution may lead to pochilo Rical fracture and thus cause a deluftrits of the limb. It arixan urang tin cquale increase in the sacculany of the region of the inclar!.ysis to a stimulating agent of the spirical $wth rlate. The other mint in one that the metaphysal the crta ripreal frin's flair 11 nu really the supplieraling arction of the strain rose and thus increase of tascularity of this arra may mt 17:ulis tarat multiplication of celle 7. Oksimo. Retinography in Vakula llipertension under Dr. R.P Dhanda at the GM. Medical College, Indore The <l«t: :200 of the work on this crquit) 11 to 1'1.4in.ke the nimal clatin teliniam of indians of the use of years 3 ty 1111::jant ir jy with the tapet fe fcpa!c!y 101 fremst ERG Unit in the 1c11 191:-33 Din prim deriranimoiyet of putra mer ikke ute of in years 514 inintiere only the cancte rrisinde att ·26 was not poorer than 6/18, there was no lens opacity, fundi were normal except the usual senile changes expected in a person of this age group and the blood pressure was within normal limits (i.e. 140/90). It may be stated that it is not very easy to collect normal subjects fulfilling these conditions in the out-patient Department particularly over the age of 40 years. In each case the vision was recorded, ophthalmoscopic examination was done and blood pressure was noted. The patient was dark adapted for 5 minutes and electro-retinograms were recorded on a Sanborn Cardiograph machine by the method already established at this E. R. G. unit at Indore. The stimulus of 1/4 seconds of an intensity of 80 lux and at a interval of 15 seconds was maintained in all cases in this investigation of normal Indians. The average b-pot of 26 eyes of 22 normal Indians above the age of 40 years has been calculated to be .29mV which is distinctly less by 03mV when compared to 32mV of the normal persons of the age group 15–40 years. This subnormal electro-retinogram in older age group may be due to the senile changes at this age. The table on this page gives the details of the observations in each case : Serial No. I 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Name S.K. B.R. S.K. B.R. G.R. M.K. G.S. B.R. RB. V.H. M.G. V.D. B.L. G.B. S.L. R. J.B. R.B V.P. L.M. R.C. S.D. Age 40 48 40 45 46 55 50 47 50 53 55 50 50 50 42 52 40 50 57 65 48 55 B. P. 106/70 130/80 138/90 112/76 126/88 120/76 132/76 100/70 112/74 124/80 112/78 130/86 118/84 110/70 124/90 110/66 116/76 120/84 110/70 140/70 128/82 118/82 b-pot in mV R.E. 4/7 R.E. •137/10 R.E. •4/10 R.E. 3/15 R.E. .25/12 R.E. 3/15 L.E. -4/12 R.E. 3/12 R.E. 32/14 R.E. -345/11 R.E. 30/8 R.E. :30/11 R.E. 250/6 L.E. 222/9 R.E. 2/7 L.E. .2/7 R.E. •111/9 R.E. •266/3 R.E. 2/6 L.E. 315/8 R.E. 411/13 R.E. •308/6 L.E. -306/8 L.E. •255/16 R.E. 30 R.E. •302/9 This E. R. G. Unit has already established during the last 5 years that the electrical potential recorded from the normal retina of Indians between the ages of 15 and 40 years is 32mV.

·27 Stimulux to this work on the clinical application of electro retino graphy in vascular hypertension was provided lry the experimental work by Alenka who reported that the electio-Ichinogram was found to vary with sudden forering and raising of blocxl porusure in animals retina and kidneys tension and their 10-tctnography the cya of patients suffering from lxnign and malignant hypertension. This cin casily be understand because the associated changin blow verrels will affect the nutrition of retina which in turn will offcct the function capacity of retina and ultimately altering tl.c clectrical potential produced at the level of the rclina. With this object in view of the work on CXQUIRY ON VAS. CULAR HYPERTENSION has been planned to be completed in the following itages: 1. n 1-1:2013 above the age those already re- E. R. G. unit. . . 1 Study the effects on the clectro-selinogram of increasing the sensitivity of retina by varying the dark adaptation again in the normal Indians over the age of 10. 3. . td-rctinogram in cases of 'nsion and correlate there Boscopic findings and the 4. Study the effects of treatment on clectro-sctinogram and thus, of missible. to assess the prognostic valuc of clectro-retinomraphy in vascular hypertension. & Inquiry entitled "Dinchemical and Serological investigations on Escherichia coli and Klebsiella strains isolated from urinary infections" under Dr. S.P. Gupla and Dr S.P. Gupta at the Medical College, Lucknow, (!) Covering af steins--1079 strains of colim organima inned ft in citablished 361 of urinary infection have been so far Capiretrl in this department. They huse been preened in one per cert 41:1 12. () Dezemical 10.:-1.--.-So far point irani haichean teicne the hixhemical rodinni tithi media. The result indicate this on hiss ol the panem a tanchemical tesli, about it controle EK! Txhia erli ·28 The use of KCN broth to differentiate Escherichia from Klebsiella was continued. Strains belonging to Escherichia coli did not grow in KCN broth in 24 hours while Klebsiella grew well in the medium. This test was however not found specific, as about 7 per cent of Klebsiella grew after 48 hours and about 21 per cent of Escherichia strains were found to grow in the medium in 24 hours. (3) Hæmagglutination tests were continued with these organisms. 345 strains of Escherichia were tested with red cells of sheep, rabbit, rat, man, chicken and guinea pig. Of the 345 strains of Escherichia coli tested, 164 strains were found to cause agglutination of red cells from one or several animal species. The guinea pig cells were most frequently agglutinated, while sheep and rabbit cells were agglutinated by least number of strains. Red cells from rat, man and chicken occupied an intermediate position. Many strains agglutinated only one species of red cells. Human red cells alone were agglutinated by 34 strains, guinea pig cells alone by 21 strains, rat cells alone by 15 strains, and chicken cells alone by 12 strains. Six strains agglutinated rabbit cells only and 2 strains agglutinated only sheep cells. 5 strains were found agglutinate all the six species of red cells tested. The remaining 69 strains gave variable reactions. There was no correlation between the hæmagglutinating property and the serological type of Escherichia strains. to The hämaggluting strains were tested in the living state for the presence of L-antigen with unabsorbed 9 'OL' sera. 179 hämagglutination positive strains have been tested so far. 92 strains out of 179 did not show any agglutination with these sera. 87 strains could be typed and their L-antigen could be determined. Maximum number of strains were grouped under L-antigen 1. (4) Test for hæmolysin were carried out with all the Escherichia strains and it was found that 58 strains possessed this property. There was no significant correlation between the hämagglutinating property and capacity to produce hæmolysis except in 5 strains out of 449 strains of Escherichia which produced hæmolysis and agglutinated guinea pig red cells. Hæmolytic activity was not confined to any well defined serological group. (5) Serological studies on strains of Escherichia. (a) Determination of 0-group of Escherichia strains with the help of 25.0-sera (constituting the diagnostic schema of Kauffmann, Knipschild and Valene) after preparing the antigen at 100°C. for one hour and again at 120°C. for 21 hours have been continued. (d) Determination of L-antigen of Escherichia strains. Sera against 15 L-antigen were prepared in rabbits and preserved in neutral glycerol. Determination of L-antigen has so far been carried out with unabsorbed 9'OL' sera, 316 strains of Escherichia coli were tested for the presence of L-antigen in living state by slide agglutination ·.2 method. 1:37 strains out of 318 could not be tyred with these nine scla It al alto noted that these strains did not lelong to -3.0.srcu craciuting the diagnostic schema. 31 straint wcie auto afslutinable. Maximum number of strains possessed loantigen 1 and L-antinin 16 Thius 41.93 re: cont strains of Escherichia coli could be iridonu.fied srenlogically with the availab!c D'OL'scra for the presence of l.-antigen. Te! With further sera are in progress. 9. Investigation into the role of allergent and various other factors in the production of bronchial ashama in Rajavilan in general and in Jaipur area in particular under Dr K., Kasliwal at the SM.S. Miedical College, Jaipur. The pollination calendar of a place is a record of the time in days and month, when pollens capable of causing allergic manifestations are present in the atmorphere it will be realized that the funni stor touards datirguishing Incal allergenic plants is to obtain a thorough knowledge of the Ical vegetation as well as of the time when they cilore:cc. It is alac equally clear that the problem is as much betanical as tredical. To accomplish this cork a consic Insanical survey of the area in and afwund Jairus city has been done and the ground alien the seferation efloresces has lxen recorded. The newer additions to the flora, insesti. fred already, is given bylow's Tree).-Acacia dratics. Altesia edorarissima. Par lein. Ceria racin:19, Cassia nume, Casut surellrais. Conna 2:13:03. El. Pop!us touchiatrii. Bauhinia fictifesa. Afelia a rdrach. Salır IMTIYIMI. Icela treneriltas, Phills thus omblxo. l'olyotinia loririfoliu. Web-Cyretus tetulus. Amarantus zodis. Bultostylus Carbutus. Correus cum meriwi. Cyprius ind. Grasses.- Darylutrum nun, Saturning sromlerie-., Ceritrus catharticus, Elus;ne triikil.13. 2ra 101. Carallus bifurus. Perkem Minul drs, logorulaqlardas. The ancophilus liens and the alrundint entomoshıous anes Svelvon collected during the mind of the pillanalinn Allen lill-18 1.** thus len ritableslist. The guilinn lilion1 1,2 mmaterually Hort and surnufying this patters on the calcl rc! : shfrs A daily connus of the xrial gol!rn hiss xen cursued by the Gravly slus irelinique using the sandard unglins desire (butham! An allemruas made to identify the indisidual maliens en the cachmer oldes. The c!! swick rullest te sterol in the crichienent de.. Torel-Air Cargo Ltur: F23, Vilyar...! c. DS. D): 11 ct 44. Vienu. 11. em. ll. A. Dkr.t. Pilli. Il!!:ajiri. Lr7951., Carlo. Cando ·30 versa, Weeds.-Amarantus-Chenopod, Argomone, Abutilon, Datura, Ricinus. A correlation was done with the field survey and this double checking has resulted in pin-pointing the actual time in days and months when the pollination would be clinically significant from the point of diagnosing and treating an allergic individual. The influence of the meteorologic conditions on the concentration of pollens as a whole has been studied. It was seen that the pollen count is effected by a number of factors, such as rainfall, humidity, temperature, duration of sunshine and the velocity of wind. A shower of rain tends to decrease the pollen counts, while a period of draught and the rise of temperature following a heavy rain is associated with increased pollen counts. Increased humidity seems to diminish pollen liberation and is associated with a decrease in pollen counts and vice The rainy season in this part starts with the arrival of monsoon in the 4th week of June. The results of field survey showed that the vegetation effloresces from about mid of July but the catchment slides have shown that the maximum concentration in the atmosphere is attained some two months later because the rainy season persists during this time and the increased humidity interferes with the liberation of pollens. To increase the allergenic flora prevalent here, mass clinical testing has been performed at an Allergy Research Clinic set up in the S.M.S. Hospital, Jaipur. All the patients of respiratory allergy are referred to at this clinic. With the help of a thorough history taking, clinical and laboratary investigations, an attempt is made to discover the offending allergen or allergens in these patients and then the I.C. skin tests are performed. So far 80 cases of respiratory allergy, including cases of asthma, allergic rhinitis, hay fever and allergic bronchitis have been investigated. Pollens of Azadirachta indica (Neem) ; Amarantus spinosus (Kateli chaulai ; (Dodonaea viscosa; Holoptelia integrifolia (chilli); Phyllanethus emblica (Amla); Argemone mexicana (Kateli) ; Chenopodium album (Bathuwa); Ricinus communis (Arand); Chloris barhata.; Cynodon dactylon (Dub); Desmotachya bipinnata (Dab); Digitaria marginata (Jada) ; Elusine indica ; Pennisetum orientale ; Sorghum halepense (Baru) have been considered to be definite offenders. Å more definite information would, however, be available after testing a larger number of patients. Of the 80 cases of allergy, 49 cases were found to be of pollen allergy, and hyposensitization treatment has been started in these cases. The success or failure of the treatment would take sometime to evaluate and more definite conclusion could be deferred till such time. 10. Inquiry on the formation, distribution, structure and development of the splanchnic nerves under Dr. Inderjit at the Medical College, Amritsar. 1. The origin, formation, distribution and termination of all the three splanchnic nerves have been followed on both sides in 94 instances ·(** cadavers). Fine hranches have been fallor cd pith the aid of a dualaus .. Similar dissection has been made in one full term focfux. 3. The histological structure of the nerve has been examined maling anal sections in the case of one ſull term foetus. Sections were mained with appropriate stains. 4. Complete serial sections of the tho ombryot have been prepared. Staining methods used include Masson's trichrome. Il & E and de Castro, 'There will enable us to study the desclopment of splanchnic nervas. 6. Detailed findings have been recorded on a frcially prepared proforma. Photographs of important and unusual lindings have also 11. Inquiry on the value of commercial silk fraft to bridge large blood vessel saps under Dr. Yudhvccr Sachder at the Medical College, Amritsar, Transplantation of preserved aortic homfraſts in the abdominal Anita blow the origin of ronal arteries has been performed in 30 doss Grafts were taken from abdominal and thoracic porta of dogs and were preened in the following media: D. (1) Aper cent neutral furnualin solution at room temperature 10 (or) 70 per cent cthyl alcohol at room temperature 10 (***) Balanced salt solution containing super cent homologous ctum and antimicrobial drugs a temperature *C. to GC 10 Neutral formalın solution was prepired by addinn an rices or calciun cartunate to a 4x cont arluting of li malin and then filtering it. Grafts were reserved in this wlution at tuem temstrature Seriy Mer ernt cthyl alcohol uso riepused by diluring, abrokule alobel and grafts spre riesent at ex icmpcriure. Gratis to be freened in bulanced uale sulistinn ere taken iseptically and the blutro 15 cultured for the grrience of ruthegersc oranssit before transplantation. TOVALY M11:21 Chat In the lin: grur. portic lomurallt presented in I get cens murallinenlurion estr used. In all jo ruch galos or vid in arrithing from 1 to 111 ano ante!1 et grav! lor 6day. 7.c an><tr enixa al rimis:772!! Chifths ist riwo, ·32 Results -- In four animals post mortem was donc ai, 11, 55 and 59 days after the operation (grafts were preserved for 10, 14. U1 and 11 days, respectively). There was no complication and the grofts were function. ing well. The graft in the dog sacrificed after 55 days showed a few small thrombii. 320 days after transplantation of the graft, one of the dogs with 28 days preservelgraſts is still under observation. It has good femoral pulsation. Two dogs diců of lato hæmorrhage due to dehiscence of the anastomosis. One died after of days and the other afier ñ days. Grafts transplanted were preserved for l. and I days, respectively. Two dogs developed paraplegia . days and 3 days after operation. Graſts were preserved for six days and 17 days, respectively. On post: mortem the aorta was found to be occlude by a thrombus in each case. In one dog fenioral pulsation was absent but there was no para. plegia. Post mortem was donc afier 5 days of transplantation and the graft was completely occluded by two thrombii at the two cnds of the graft (Graft was preserved for 1 days). II. Alcohol preserved grafis. Ten grafts were used in dogs weighing from 64 kg. to 133•6 kg. Time of preservation of the grafts varied from 2 to 48 days. Results.--In three dogs post mortem was done 10, 32 and 44 days after the operation. Grafts were prescrvcd for 1, 13 and 10 days, respectively. Grafts were found to be patent. Two dogs with grafts preserved for 3 days and 7 days are still under observation (178 and 147 days after transplantation of the graft). in one dog post mortem was performed after 82 days of operation (39 days preserved graft was used). There was a thrombus occluding the aortic lumen. There was no paraplegia. One dog died of hæmorrhage 5 days after operation due to dehiscence of the anastomosis (48 days preserved graft being used). Three dogs developed paraplegia and post mortem was done after 2, 14 and 19 days after transplantation. (Grafts used were preserved for 2, 15 and 10 days, respectively). On post mortem all the three grafts were found to be completely thrombosed. III. Grafis preserved in balanced salt solution. Ten such grafts were transplanted in dogs weighing from 6-4 kg. to 13.6 kg. Grafts were preserved from 1 to 35 days. Results.-Five dogs are still under observation after 63, 31, 20, 15 and 12 days after transplantation of the grafts. Grafts were preserved for 3. 6, 4 and 5 days respectively. In dog post mortem was done 47 days after operation (5 days old graft was used). The animal had no paraplegia, but a thrombus was found occluding the aortic lumen. In another dog post mortem was done 4 days after the operation (2 days preserved graft was used). The graft was patent. Two dogs died of hæmorrhage due to dehiscence of the anastomosis one ·days and 3 days after transplantion of the Eraſt. Grafts #c: proceed for 13 days and *7 days, rosychely. Two dogs develse paraplegis, 3 and 11 days, rcisestnicly after operation. Gralis sierenc los '90 and I case repectively, were used. On post mortcm acrtic lumon was found to be occluded by a thrombus. Commercial silk crafts—Tubes made of Kashmir silk have been used in dogs. The tulxs scre made in such a way that the inner sur face was smooth and the ends were excited to present fraying of the threads. The tulis utre autoclased. For some time before transplan. lation the tubca kose soaked in the blood of the animal being onerated and allowed to dry. Rrrult.- Onc deg died of ham.ouhase due to dehiscence of the anastomosis after 6 days of transplantation. Threc dogs arc till under observation after 73, 6 and 2 days of the transplantation of the prosthesis. 12. Study of renal changes following ureteric ligation and estimation of recovery follow ing release of obstruction by ureteric trane. plantation under Dr. D.X. Balkrishna Rao at the GR. Medical College, Gwalior. Technique of study. Incomplete obstruction is being produced by introduction of Laminan fent :.19 cm. long. through the left ureferal oufier in the bladder after opening the Wadder After various duration of time it is contemplated to perforareshiccums on the risht ride accompanied by release of obstruction. Befosc rekrase ol tene. a retrostade ryelographic record to be kort :: Sudden, complete obstruction in the wrist " preluced by turgical lipation of left uretor at the level of the lower plc of Icht lindney. 3. Work in production of 17-called idiopathic hyuicherh:09: is still in the preliminary slager. 4. The lymphatics of time and hydronephrudic dsney --| Cc:st is lxirs situalized by in:661:on ciccefil : con: (fquiers L'us in the wall of the orciefraphic roc: ! renascer 1 duirreled bluesleals is lyingier 17;s is borclurine (if any) the role of plastici in abips! k.): 10,6 :0 frontenis tase keen tullut uod Delnaus tack:':** have tranchens during this inquiry. * The «lectrop...chi plan of trium z artists bas dar.. The delication and ribicarhire record al cilin !!.. are brief sinuned.

·The kiner functiva : (Ulied by injecting cither Itc.c. of 0:4 per cent indigocarming of limy. (I c.c.) of phenolsulpinpihalcin (P.S.P.) 7. Blood urea estimation is being conitis King's Technique. 8. Photographic records are bring intindi.t cach stage of both kidneys DISCL's It has been records from the worl: od de 1.13.1 11:0 years, that restitution to nearly normal of sciroparlirtic kincy of certain duration is possible. The recognition of thi', focs d'ef:. 14 com extent the qucrics usually posed: (i) For how long an obruclive lor:.11.11 v the ureter. 1.5., a calculus. which is causing complete o incomplet obstruction. be treated in a conservative manner? (11) In what cases recovery of a hydronephrotic kidney is possible. Our results so for differ fundamentally from eviously published reports of restitution in normal oí hydronephonic kidney. The knowledge sained through experimental worli so far, has following important therapeutic applications.com (o) Conservative treatment of ureteral ribstruction may be followed without any increasei pid; for much longer than is bclicved at present. (ii) The indications for neplırectomy need soe be so frequent in cascs of obstructive hydronephrosis. It should only be pcrformed if sufficient time has claried after removal of the obstruction to allow the renal parenchyma optimum facilities for recovery The production of hydronephrosis by incomplete obstruction has produced many practical difficulties. The use of a Laminaria tent in the urcier, at least has the incrit of producing a gradual obstruction, though incompletc. This state closely, if not accurately, simulates obstruction by a calculus which is growing in the ureter. 13. Inquiry into pneumoconiosis in the non-industrial population of Rajasthan with special reference to emphysema under Dr. R.K. Goyal at the S.M.S. Mcdical College, Jaipur. The occurence of carly pneumoconiosis in the apparently normal individuals of Rajasthan has already been reported to the I.C.M.R. These lesions in the non-industrial population can be found only in the desert regions. The lungs of apparently normal rabbits, guinca.pigs ·nd white tatu in Rajasthan have not born the cristence of cum no Floris. Interstitial pneumonitis can be due to infectiic aules alcnchence presence of the lesion catlusively is not important from the point fries of diagnosis. Granulomalous lesions disociated with the rre ence of silica particles are much more diagnosic. A histopathological zamination of the lungs of other uninjected aumals which could be sed for laboratory work gave the follos ins information - Thitec monkeys aught fresh from the jungle showed the presence of granulomatnu, lesions varying in cxlent Onc of these monkeys as emociated, a number of gregish-white Haques were found in the lungs on naird eye examination On microscopic examination, definite franulomatous lesions ontaining giant cells and dust celle were prevent Focal emphysema as well as thecloning of some of the branches of he pulmonary artery were aldo Inund An examination of the lungs of twelve stock dogs showed varying legrees of granulomatous lesions in cight out of them Tour dags did not shora definite evidence of pacumoxonionis, the rrions, wesc slight or alucne in the dogs aged in a months Out of the four goale crimined, the one aged 7 months did not how any granulnmatous lesings, the others aged 1 to 4 years had a few lust cells or dust-surticles in the alvendar walls, and varying destoel, of nterstitial pneumonilister present in all there cases Seven och sheep aged 1 to 2,279 u cre also examined In addition to the presence of different degrees of interititrat neumonitis, four hud duel cells or dust rarticles in the alcolar walls. In a preliminary reperiment, whilst the lunes of a pisaged: months shou od the preserce of granulomalous lessons run a romi dust rile in the alcolar * allt the lungs of arriher pared : 10 months 13.hne ed alisht granulomatus lesions. But no dust panicles in the holar vall. It can, therefore, ky included that morleys, dond molar riks, are scry susceptible en pneumrxoniniut Sheep and fourt rc Iris suscemible, whereas white jats, rabbits and guires.rift are ather traitant, Ihelelr rrrttim! -A preliminary set of cyfri hidan upen determine the best method of reducins greumeniele n the enperimerial animals, and the truli vile u folks R: 1-rise rabbits resr madrin inkaledu! Piriyen: 4 hymn in the inhoIsina chamber fceptno dayı Orera!!*h inhalel duit fc: ? 11 stirrer de - 31: 4:17!:er the trmt nirert ! the 01:41:4:1 r reliminandrostering) ·36 The other rabbits which were made to inhale the dust discontinuously with long intervals of rest and were sacrificed from 5 weeks to 5 months from the date of commencement of the experiment, developed lesions of early pneumoconiosis; three of them showed thickening and narrowing of arteriolar walls. Guinea-pigs. -When one guinea-pig was made to inhale dust on alternate days for 10 days in all, and was sacrificed one month after the commencement of the experiment, no granulomatous lesions were discernible. When the inhalation was repeated in two other guinea pigs after an interval of three weeks for a second period of 10 days, and the animals were sacrificed 3 to 5 months after the commencement of the experiment, granulomatous lesions varying in degree with a perivascular and sub'endothelial proliferation of connective tissue in a number of pulmonary arterioles were seen. Rats.- The dust inhalation was either given daily or on alternate days for total periods varying from 6 to 64 days. The animals were sacrificed from 8 days after the commencement of the inhalation up to period of 7 months. Out of the 18 rats exposed, nine had slight lesions, five had moderate lesions and four had no granulomatous lesions. The results were rather irregular, the extent and type of the lesions could not always be correlated with the total period of the dust inhalation. Monkeys.--Eight monkeys were exposed to inhalation of dust for periods varying from 10 to 38 days in all, they were sacrificed 13 days to 5 months after the commencement of the experiment. All of them showed granulomatous lesions varying in extent and containing dust cells, a definite thickening of the walls of some branches of the pulmonary artery was seen in four cases. Two baby monkeys born in the Pathology Department were exposed in the inhalation-chamber for 7 and 11 days, respectively. The first one was sacrificed after 24 months and the other after 31 months. The first monkey had very slight lesions, and the second had definite granulomatous lesions with focal emphysema. These experiments were carried out to produce fairly marked lesions, as the preliminary experiments had shown that apparently normal monkeys in Rajasthan suffer from early pneumoconiosis. It appears that there is another factor responsible for the presence of marked lesions, this factor might possibly be an infective one. The control experiments in which charcoal and calcium sulphate, etc., are to be used for inhalation are in progress. Size of quartz particles.--A microscopic examination of human lungs carried out with the help of chemical polaroids revealed the presence of doubly refractile quartz particles at places where an aggregation of carbon particles was present. The size of the quartz particles did not ·37 exceed. In the case of lungi of monkeys.r.ont of the quarta pusti. clet dit mi exceed it, but particles of 10jt in length acic ccessionally encountered. The ordinary atmospheric ale in Rajasthan decsint cause poeum. coniorit in sabbits, guinea pigs and white tats. When these animal asc exposed in artificial dus storms intensiveis in the inhalation. chambær, then alone they develop carly lesson It is therefore, orparent that dust storms constitutc an important factor in the causalien of forumoconious The microscopic examina. tion of dust sem.ocd from the tops of aimuralis should the presence of a high percentage of particles which were less than in dimeter. bust all of them did not have the refractive index of quartz. The minute particles had alio mostly lost their crystalline structure. They constituted soughly 10 to 30 per cent of the dust in deferent umple. . 1 !! 11. Investigations of certain Ajunedic preparations in treatment or Diabetes Mellitut under Dr. R. V. Sathe. at the Grant Medical College and Sir J. J. Group of Hospitals, Bombay. The investigations in the use of Ayun edic drus "Jasad Phasma" (Zinc) were being done in the J. J. Hospital mince Anost 1053, under the Indian Council of Medical Research Scheme The forcedure of the year 1933.10. n the last year's The rest of the 11.e remaining 13 are cases treated during the year of report and are under olsenation for nearly one year. Much of the clinical material incatigated that keen wasted, as the dialytic patients come urtegularly for a follow un. Out of 1 cases which are thoroughly followed-up during the scar under coins 1.ca ard the dosc varied from 10 to 101 units a day. They were also on restricte diett taling rusar, rice and protinet-tut it was not fiorly calculatexl. The are group of the patient, when they came for treatment bas: five were under forty years, while sixteen cre abone forty one year. The age of cost of the disease on the other hand aboard that * print had their onsci helos: the age c! ini while 13 had it after 41 year. THE DONATION OF PIAZETTI Under car (ircrot ostet) 10 yeast Ikueen 01010315 Axe 10 ytan 3 ·38 The diabetic cases can be divided, clinically into three groups : (1) Mild-3 (2) Moderately severe~5 (3) Severe--13 out of these, 9 had complications as mentioned above. THE RESULTS OF THE TREATMENT These results with "Jasad Bhasma" can be summarized as under: (1) Urine Volume.--The 24 hour urine excretion which was above normal, came to within normal limits, as reported in the last year's report. (2) Urine Sugar.---The 24 hour urine sugar before treatment with Jasad Bhasma, varied from trace to 218 gms. à day. After treatiënt with Jasad Bhasma; it was reduced to nil in 13 cases, varied between 6 to 8 gms. in 5 cases, between 11 to 15 gms. in 2 cases and to 18 gms. a day in one case. (3) Blood Sugar Level. - The blood sugår levels of all cases undët treatment with Jasad Bhasma were lower than before as can be seen from the following table. For convenience cases under observation over one year are grouped as A, while those under observation for one year or less are grouped as B. Only fasting blood sugar levels are given below for convenience. B. Fasting Blood Sugar Before Treatment After Treatment Level. Group A. Group B. Group A. Group 80 to 120 mg% Nil Nil 3 2 120 to 160 mg% 2 2 6 161 to 200 mg% 3 2 3 201 and above. 8 2 + + 8 5 1 color formed 1 Total + 13 21 It will be observed that in eight cases which have been followed up from the last year's report (Group A) there was relapse of diabetic condition in two cases, due to no proper control, and in one case due to tuberculosis. The remaining cases continued to be better than before. In Group B, except two cases all showed definite improvement in the carbohydrate tolerance, after treatment with Jasad Bhasma. One case with diabetes and tuberculosis showed improvement very well, being aglycosuric with fasting blood sugar at 125 mg. per cent, without insulin. The original fasting blood sugar in this patient before Jasad Bhasma treatment was started was 315 mg. per cent and the 24 hour urine sugar excretion was 60 gms. (Case No. XV). BLOOD UREA BLOOD CHOLESTEROL The blood urea and blood cholesterol readings were found to be within normal range throughout the period of observation under Jasad ·Bhaima trcatocht in all casct. No adictc cffects on urca and cholcicrol evels in blood were observed when the diabetic patientı xtic under 120 Bhuima treatment. HALUATOLOGIC STUDIES There is appreciably hiedle change in hematologic studies exceny the reduction of hemoslobin salycs in Le Caiet. Diclary inadequacy in the clan of patients sho attend the bospital may be one of the causes of subclinical findings in hemoglobin levek Weicin 1 lof observation for over one year, fine this and three lest by. to 10 Ds. of observation seven added weight lry Hanu live lost vylo it's, and one remained stationery will be seen therefore that out of the Il cases reported 1? 4.81.0 added weight and sie. 35 per cent lost weight. INSULIN Before treatment with Jaud Mhzeit *i* patienit in Group. etc taking insulin and the dose varied from 10 tot units a day Afte: treatment with Jasad Bhi:ma only two cases required the help of insulin as they were of young age groun In Group B, sesen patients, out of thirteen ese islung insulin. the dots varicd from 24 to MI units After treatment with "Jasad Bhasma", out of these seven cases, sit did not require the help of insulin. while one did not react i J23. Bhasma treatment. Our of the 91 Casci teported three did but seact to Jasad Bhaims treatment and an required the help of insulin. Sugar cacretion in truss, with "Jasad Bhuma" and without insulin in lcascs was as under Sugar exc7ction in 24 hours. Xüin 12. Trace to 10 min. Il to 20 min .. Sir case teated with Juud Bhaima only without insulin s: any time showed Jehnite reduction in Hood Augur inel anel urine uzar noetica 1. 0 Dirt 4* Jaun Barua This point was drunr in last sc*::. D:1:1 me fal net trafreevishle change in urdust kaelin me hub:* <2:04 This year to (1161 ate Cucursaloneitrun! It was cloud in a control caetlus na tlxx:='s the filin 2. lorena dia!<?x dist (C: Xaliit dy hrs (using turul loc! 21 10 1:: DIE at 109 ms. ry! :) Yditt ** :) la: berartireuke changes in this old rusu loch ·40 Another patient of severe diabetes (Case No. 20 ) with fasting blood sugar level of 300 mg. per cent was kept on diabetic diet for 21 days without any other treatment. Her fasting blood sugar level lowered down to 280 mg. per centma difference of 20 mg. per cent only. The patient was kept on the same diet and "Jasad Bhasma" was started. After six weeks of "Jasad Bhasma" treatment the fasting blood sugar level lowered down from 280 mg. per cent to 180 mg. per cent a difference of 100 mg. per cent. The patient added 4 lbs., in her weight also. This showed that "Jasad Bhasma” had a definite beneficial effect on carbohydrate tole. rance. Whenever Jasad Bhasma was stopped and the patient remained on the same diet, increase in blood sugar level was observed after some variable period. This showed definitely that Jasad Bhasma in some way helped carbohydrate utilization. THE PLACE OF "JASAD BHASMA' IN THE TREATMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS. It has been observed that "Jasad Bhasma" acts better in maturity onset type of diabetic patients. Patients with onset of diabetes in young age group are less amenable to oral therapy, and more liable to relapse. The effect of Jasad Bhasma on the diabetic syndrome was observed usually after 4 to 6 weeks. It varied with the individual case ; dependa ing upon the severity of the disease, accompanying complications and also the age group of the patient. Earlier the diabetes was detected and properly treated better the results. Uncomplicated cases reacted much earlier and in most satisfactory manner. Infection and irregularity in diet upset the carbohydrate metabolism, but Jasad Bhasma treatment improved the same. Case No. XV - M.P.-A patient of severe diabetes with tuberculosis is worth mentioning. This case required 80 units of insulin a day, The intial blood sugar level here was 315 mgm. per cent. With Jasad Bhasma for four months she became aglycosuric and the fasting blood sugar came down to 125 mg, per cent. It has been observed that some cases did not react to Jasad Bhasma treatment, and no definite cause could be ascribed for this. Diabetes is not a very simple problem and no definite cause for insulin inadequacy can be ascertained in each and every case. But it is worth while studying the effect of these minerals in Ayurvedic form, Jasad Bhasma, etc., as their cost is much less and no side effects have been observed thus for in cases treated for nearly two years. Another aspect of this treatment is that even though the drug takes a long time to actit does not act immediately and rapidly like sulfonyl-urea compounds-- the effects are long lasting. This can be seen from the case reports given in the appendix.

·15. Inquiry on the metabolic rate of selatin administered as plaima substitute under Dr.C. Sivaraman, Senior Scientific Officer, National Chemical labnratory, Pons. Preliminary crrcriments were carried out to study the cool transfusica gelatin oknae'n tycrare molecula: seifht on red cell. 11h ani plami pontein enncentrations. W.! C couns, hxmainers enther Ste chini, «dimentation rate and congulaiion time in adult albına pats maintainrd on the balnsainty block dict. The oficiency of folatın in the treatment of shoxch was alus determined on the hasis of the sunsval rate of tatu. Lureriments were carried cut with dextran uns allung rate ** cirerimental animals. The results obtained *esc mentical with tl.ne olained with gelatin in that the homxllunon cause.I hy dertian infusions preulted in a decrease in rythrocyte count, huomalacrit. and Mbarj rizma protein concentrations. With dex'ran auministration. 11:5*ever, the sedimentation rate and coagulation time prie shchiiv Husher than those obiai allergic reactions were !ck as determined by blond volume and transfused with an equal iolume of dealran #sstound to be comparatively loxer than with sclatin. In a la instances, destran anthought to bx the immediate cause of death due to anarlıylactic hack although evidence for this is not conclusive. The physic-chemical studies were carried out for purposes ni characterization of the transfuwon sclatın prepared on a pilo: plant wlc. The note stop in the investigation was directed ourdt terung this matcrial for rytogenicity. foticity and allergic and anugeox All animals tolerated parenteral administration of Gelatin w.. manifcred no alterations in their phylogical well being all animal fance wcight and showed no anorexia. Warritirrel Fourie-Thienet shuse of the intestigatinas designed to determine whether intravenou gelatin could he anal.cally uulizof, Thic studies circunducteu am no giru;" albin 13:1 Aantained on a topicin veselaran dict (11"11111n: 5'. He pricin After derleur: the prin acut fthe animals las maritance in the Cistances ons fintip or animals itensa, in :!J.: to the dict.cc, ol selalin intuvan oily skive work for these scris thir Cina!!! fimp receiving boy rein mil talme in piacral !!!ın Larsintento nate in paimsest in Arterrine lether transfusion lalin upplementai ith ons is csai rally in <!! :: In":316us'y rice utili::!imit 11am...us.cing rist:: 1 : fin ):01:1, #r' Re-7 Trift-Torte CY!!! *$16 03:15r. **s !!!!!!!1:1!st!"t 1:**** in en incetine!...!!!!! jayants (tr. 1.1*:. ,!!!. 71., 13:41 ·42 was determined after centrifuging the heparinized blood samples in Wintrobe's tubes for 30 minutes at 3,000 r.p.m. Blood volume was estimated by injection of T--1824. Evans blue dye according to the method of Metcoff. Cutting and Favour (Amer. Jour. Physiol., 141, p.695, 1944). Nembutal was used as the anaesthetic at a level of 30 mg/kg. body-weight. Histopathological Study. -Opinion is divided as to whether plasma expanders, such as dextran, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), gelatin etc. cause anatomic changes in the internal organs. This aspect of the problem is of considerable importance in connection with the use of gelatin for transfusion purposes. However, anatomic changes were conspicuous in one specimen only. The structural alterations appear to be similar to the transient changes in the kidney reported by Popper et al (1945) following gelatin administration. To elucidate this point, further experiments are in progress. Histochemical tests with biopsy specimens (Morehead and Little, 1945) were all negative indicating that there was no deposition of gelatin in the tissues.; 16. Development of a simple method of preserving or preparing aortic and arterial homografts under Dr. Timothy Takaro and Dr. A.C. Fletcher at the Wanless Tuberculosis Sanatorium, Wanlesswadi. The experimental method consisted of the implantation of grafts 3 cm. to 5 cm. in length in the abdominal aortas of mongrel dogs. The graft material consisted of (a) homografts fixed and preserved in formalin, (b) grafts made of flexible, corrugated braided nylon tubing, (c) homografts fixed and preserved in 70 per cent ethyl alcohol. Fifteen dogs each have been used for formalin-fixed and nylon graſts, and five dogs for alcohol-fixed grafts. Formalin-fixed grafts are technically satisfactory to handle and early results have been good. However, when animals were sacrificed 5 to 12 months after operation most of the grafts exhibited calcification and degenerative changes. The nylon grafts were technically more difficult to handle, but the late results have been superior. The grafts have remained patent and the lumen is found lined with a layer of intima. Alcohol-preserved homografts have been reported upon by Kimoto, et al. (1954) and by More and Kajikuri (1956). This technique has been adopted recently and only five dogs have been operated upon, There were two early deaths, due to rupture of the graft, possibly a result of improper preservation. The remaining three animals have not yet been sacrificed. The use of homografts, preserved in formalin or in alcohol, has the advantage over nylon grafts, that complicated segments, such as the arch of the aorta, are easily prepared and kept ready for use when needed. It seems likely that alcohol may prove preferable to formalin as preserving agent. a ·17. Inquiry on hin.microscopical sudy of the conjunctival cikel in relation to the general artcrimelerosis and coronary artery discare under Dr. KS Mathur, Dr KS Stathur and Dr. l'.X, Wahi at the SN Vedical College.apra. A tul number of 218 62164 sete primired ich scrc mal caret, 09 'ste lynxrtensive care and 40 cnrosary dicar 3. microcorical study of the conjunctival speelt songs by the technique perfectel last cis Lichty animal. * Iuy retienente Anil coronary dive150# Cars CTC cxamined Ninety-five of hypertenuon were derd It w21 frund that in hugsiensive cases with the increase o! by] rocamac. the classicity of the conjunctival bind vessels became ringtouch less?, 25.1 alon mal tortuouiy, lors, sharp bends. aneuryımı indd 17eşularities in the vessel calibre fond to increase, The lcching of the clasticity of the majunctival vessels wat manifesied by the lroset cucnt of the marimum Jilatation and in taking muste time to reach the maximum dilatation, and in coming back to normal The duraison of maximum dilatation was als greater It war noiel that in some hyrctionelle cases the mavirum dilitatii occurred comparable in that attained in the formal cxret of the sime se prur, lui uime talen to return to formal *25 mnie while in other hypertensive cases though the extent of dilatatirin na lou the time taken to return to normal had nog altered Tory coronary disease cases were cramined 1!1 of these *C!C confirmed by plecion-cardinfram. The elasticity of the islands direct rclatron with the coronary disease. It was onls indirectly related derning up on the brand picswre of the case In 104 of hoyreninn Word sterul 21 dc:cirincil. and it was find cleared in 21 crescnly I'd risusure of the C3141 300etletween 15 r. an. 1 230 mm ille fainiis ardom an! in m. d12stolic. All the cares! Actrale in the c!21:16) « Siyasemillalisels, XT'J..! the fans hustento chicrollid noducci selangrihip sihite clos! In all crors or hypestenin fundus cum: 12.3 'n * -s de unler 1-minninc. Fun fut inunts are 11 recruit of tlic (*1**. in or the crimeunen al is! clasici") was for all 01:41 Lexo try had any fundus findings: 0.04 18. Inquiry on hiszpathological study of trachoma in relatzean to the slınwalutares of the diseases under Dr. l'ashrani Yah Wahi. and Dr. I'.X. .1*Ahi, S.S. Medical College, 123. .::T: 1.- 1:41:n the 2018 ! 16:! 1 ! r::st ne trepo *** ( ***::'1nilor!!!**** ·Clinical Material. The clinical material is provided by the In-patient and Out-patient Departments of the S.N. Hospital, Agra. The medical students also volunteered to act as control cascs. Six groups of cases are being studied, based on the of clinical stages of Maccallan. Biopsies.--The biopsies are taken both from upper and lower fornices after infiltrating the lids with 2 per cent novo-cainc. A stitch is passed just above the lid margin and the lid so is created. A chalazion forcep is applicd on the cverted lid so as to include the tarsal platc. A vertical incision is given on the tarsal plate and an inciscd piccc of tarsal plate including conjunctival epithelium is removed and fixed in 10 per cent formal saline. The biopsy piece is processed and cut and stained with haematoxyline and cosine. Observations and results.--172 cases have been registered up to 30th September, 1957. They comprised 10 asymptomatic cases and 159 cases of trachoma, 3 cases of chalazion and onc case of spring catarrh. The age of the patients ranged from 10 10 10 years. The clinical diagnosis did not give much difficulty in well established cases. Asymptomatic and carly cascs presented difficulties which were finally labelled by clinicopathological data. Most of the cases came from poor and middle class, only one percent of cases were from higher class. Histopathological diagnosis in 16S cases in various clinical stages has been donc. Smcar cxamination findings. As described by Linder, we came across two types of inclusion bodies; (1) initial bodies, and (2) elementary bodies. Initial bodics were seen in 60 per cent of total cases so far registered, whereas clementary bodics were noted in few cases. Thcrapeutic response of various drugs in trachoma.--62 cases of trachoma in various stage were treated by the drugs. Two drugs were tricd, viz. achromycin in oil locally, and sulphamczaihine orally. Achromycin in oil was used as local drops every two hours during the day only: Sulphamczathine was given orally. The dose was 4 tablets start, and 2 tablets 6 hourly, the total dose was 25 g. Thirty cases have been treated by achromycin in oil and the rest treated by sulphacmzathine. 19. Investigations into the factors affecting the susceptibility of diabetes to infection under Dr. T.P. Bharadwaj at the Topiwala National Medical College, Bombay. The following studies were undertaken :- 1. Blood corticoid levels of diabetics have been estimated. These reveal significant difference from normal. 2. Control normal rabbits and rabbits rendered diabetic by alloxan, were given intraperitoneal injections of T.A.B. suspension. The rate of rise of antibody titre was noted by agglutination technique for over 2 ·month. noithet finus n! rabbit as disided into tan schrimnilnumalan dublic finur Toth of them (the animali clect. eductc of arruimtely equal rights: larse quanlitzes vf 21:11-dors in TAB were ginca The initial to cre lcd and this tair of their dissimilatx $1 421 fullended by t*ice cells orçlulitation cacir This has bern folliaed. up to the present fa: alnus morte. In neither instance have unificant differences bxon moird. 77.c kluci.ct are tring rynurd further. 3. Tires of T. B. asglutinatırsantibodies fure byern studied in way normal indoiduals without any hitsny of clinical spbudi recent (three ycare) Similar studies have been started in duabziet. + Studies on perinin, complement lescht rid certain rretsholic aspects of lculocytes arc in fiegicus in normal ar.d Chixtic animali and micn. 20. Inquiry on biochemical studies on tumor under Dr. SC Roy in the Department of Applied Chenairy Calcutta University, Calcutta During the retired under resic" the snok tizo leen antinued eith human malignant and other fissues and directed munly towards the Collowing lines :- (1) Inolosse studies. () study of the tissue kah pengect to los) fice and protein amın racids, th) Siscalsts phnghiale cicos. (ca.de! cils. (d) nucleic acids and I'XA-P DXA'M' talis, (cdchy drs. Comic systems in the mitswchordeu and (i gerides of the true per the purtial hidrols uit 11) In 16:11. Ir 1110 utilization of C.1.20cair ty malienant and anal mal cr fikrd (!?"Ir lası konfr!! on cd up 19 diferent fact: 034;!:ained chemicalls un errari'rx} <!!!!matr graphs cally, scorre 0113y into different commutatuer!! (:) ororecasy Cor ( Hatale cmirds. fel carbohidrates, inchar Krchi's cycle inic. rijer,, (I ligads and (c) free and routein krit. ! l'elimina) hann laulaen dune derret sbe in lasing 1** :* :111n *>! C., and for my sccurate driciminalaca rom,12€ hinderea falon in 12.! utroraphit. Corrinely leasier intrepristranc! Q' lietsien place in the 40.! in malignir! titur. Glutam30 2031. tis. G**!", "ric acid. alınine, arginine anladins, tirar ***.**.miline, mine sulf!, 1. titerite linn the local 31:23 un!. Van sy licitatile stiftais !!3 "f: Millie pr*:{{xu !!" Art.nl.: *** kvennooyla'y 19: 71airr:<!

·46 (2) (a) Free and protein amino acids.--Sixteen more specimens of tissue-malignant, fibroid or normal have been analyzed with respect to free and total aminoacid contents. The results have been found, more or less, the same as reported last year. (b) Glycolytic phosphate esters.-Ten different specimens of tissue (malignant, fibroid and analogous normal) have been analyzed and the results agreed to a considerable extent with those reported last year. (c) a-keto acids.-Twelve specimens of tissue have been analyzed with respect to pyruvate, oxalacetate and a-ketoglutarate by the chromatographic method. The acids have been identified and the process for quantitative determination has been standardized and is being applied. (d) Nucleic acid and PNA-P/DNA-P ratio.-Ten specimens of tissue have been analyzed and PNA-P/DNA-P ratio determined. Attempt has been made to isolate the DNA from human tumor tissue and separate the purine and pyrimidine bases chromatographically. (e) Dehydrogenase systems in the mitochondria.-Mitochondrial preparation has been obtained from the tissue and glutamic acid, alanine and glycine dehydrogenases have been detected by using TTC (2,3,5, -triphenyl tetrazolium chloride) as the electron acceptor. (f) Peptides from the partially hydrolyzed tissue.—Proteins isolated from the tissue were subjected to partial hydrolysis, high speed centrifugation and chromatography of the different fractions so obtained. Several peptides have been located and will be studied in more details with the help of column chromatography. (Moore and Stein, Jour. Biol. Chem., 211, p. 893, 1954). 21. Inquiry on synthetic media of tissue culture and the measurement of proliferation of the cells under Dr. C.V. Ramakrishnan, Faculty of Medicine, Baroda University, Baroda: The conditions have been standardized to grow chick embryo tissues directly on glass in roller tubes using different media, such as HES, M150, Eagle's medium, etc. Several trials of experiments carried out so far show that the heart fibroblast explant can be grown in roller tubes in a purely synthetic medium. Micro-methods have been standardized to estimate the sugar uptake, protein, total number of cells and DNA of the explant during the proliferation of the explant and a correlation has been obtained between these and the proliferation. Once the proliferation stops, the sugar uptake also stops simultaneously, Preliminary experiments carried out show that if glutamine is omitted from the medium, the tissue proliferation is better. The evidence has been obtained to show that glutamine, when added, gets converted to glutamic acid and excess glutamic acid may come in the. way of proliferation.

·22. Clinical study of neuropathieu under Dr. P.X. Chuirani at the Medical College, Patiala. Antal of 17" 02°1 of various type of neuropath:es have bacon studied. at fint at Amour and later at Patiala . 171 have Iron analyzed in detail, the remaining in it fanns stayed long enough for a thiruth tudy. It was found that the main ruilegical or clinical four" met with csc dialytic neunt pathies in :t ratients, ancnical mounathurs in 19. Landry.Guillain-Basic syndrome in 1%, tuk cute combined descriceto tion in 1i, mesalsta puissthetics in 19. skulder strdle syndrome in nuri ritenul neuropathy in 10, and the ubiquinue 'idiputhic vanity in 16 A large number of other varieties kete als sternsuch as disc luct dirlitirna (+). Ieprosy (3). tyglos (3), actum or frisaccinal (3). alcolx112)compression (3) rncumonia (I). brucella (!), furorchogenic carcir . (1)cancer fynia (1). acute dupathic poorlyna (1). liyorme: in pravidarum (1), carnmoroude (1). and amiloidomino) planuritt (S). neuropathy 2**excited with Pink disease (1). And flytt. icni poda (1), wirse alzo met saith and a ringle example el chirinic rrugestite nciroruthy was reen. Apart from constinc laboratory investigations arive bizgalm from destal narcon the inclued lirik's cor valable for his pattcrcical <tamination conducted after srailling o pasa'iin Kochions with 11 & E. 31 armir.e. cemic acid of my clin stain and of concentratan ush.ch I'rozen nections w’esc alus studied under pulanc ligh: Changes, euch an increased cellularity, thiclening of pruncurium and or enfoneurium incre21c of fibrous tinius. fragmenistson. granularity, ballonning and alrence of my cline and willing, fragmentation diminutumn or abecher of mons cien in varius combinations. So put histopath! picture emerged for any tholical variety and there *as no em: w correlation b:****n the Bescrits of histol fleil change and the chini.al escrity of the curigailis. Hoc cr. fath local changes were the rule when reuropathy mas uell declined i fcu serial buigsies from the *** fudents were also studied 2 Inquiry entitled 'Relative value of rest and movement in the trealnxent of intra-anicular fractures on rriniental study under Dr. B Sulor dhiya at the 1W Hidxal Colkue, l'arna I, Ohifth Wok-To study ta'lmal vir entitle seda tár values of the treatment by tot or tresorent br cail: ***! Czerteforlisely in ?!!!ula; (12523.cs dies drtimise form och vuitantal tudies t! streit meil Vortresin.cascouch (12. tujca in human kirni shitur si a trasli calent. The tirarrit!! (rattutet in human rigt: $u!! & mur4071421 $ and the uncond the c.ferent methods of 115812ren! zie 264 4 ty c!!! kura tiercinler dem!!::! + 8 it, the boys the Ons tertens (6!e<!! *! * TIN!'to:1:1:1 the othe! jsirls 1.5. **: e sin « **** ·48 has been slightly altered since the submission of the report last year. The cases have been grouped into three types of fractures for each joint, as follows:- (1) Linear fracture without displacement. (2) Lincar fracture with displacement of various degrees. (3) Comminuted fractures with multiple fragments and marked displacements. The experiments have been so designed that for cach joint immobilized after operation the same joint in a normal animal has been immobi. lized for the same period of time and in exactly the same fashion. For the present study the period of immobilization has been kept fixed at 4 weeks. It will be seen from the study so far made that in intra-articular fractures of moderate severity without comminution, immobilization of the joint very definitely prolongs the period of disability. Encouragement of early physiological activity in the traumatized joint not only reduces the period of disability considerably but also produces morc perfect end results, the movement in the joint returning to full normal range. With immobilization of the joint, a certain percentage of cases develop varying degrees of stiffness in the joint permanently. This difference in the results occur with only 4 weeks immobilization-a period too short to produce complete union in the fracture. Where an intra-articular fracture is severely comminuted causing gross degrees of mal-alignment of the articular surfaces, perfect restoration of function is not possible, whatever method of treatment is used. 24. Inquiry on tropical pulmonary eosinophilia under Dr. M.V. Chari, at the Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore. 1. A report is given on the age, symptoms and laboratory findings of 33 males and 4 females treated under this inquiry from the 1st December, 1956 to 30th September, 1957 at the Government Wenlock Hospital, Mangalore. 2. Particular reference is made to the low grade temperature with raised eosinophil count. 3. It was observed that the paroxysmal attacks bore no relation to peripheral eosinophils. 4. Bone-marrow study was undertaken in 13 cases and was followed up in 6 cases. The results of this study are not conclusive. 5. The radiological findings of 41 cases with changes noted in the appearance of the skiagrams of 20 cases followed up are given. 6. Treatment was given with (a) Hetrazan (6) Banocide, (c) Entacyl, (d) Carbarsone, (e) Hetrazan and carbarsone, (f) Antimony, (3) T.A.B. vaccine, and th) Strontium bromide. With the exception of the last a few patients responded to tratment both clinically and hæmatologically with each of the above lines of treatment.

·40 25. Inquiry to investigate the mechanism of antibacterial action of pecific antinctum under Dr. JC Ras at the Indian Institute for Biochemistry and Experimental Medicine, Calcutta Since the last remot work on one of the aspects. ramels. the effect of anti-serum on the lactose utilization by nucleosides stimulating risp tation in antiserumi ticated cells 15 Ocaring complexion. (a) pret ol arafuictum or lactos utiliza127.-It has lxcon otrchied that the anti-estum treated non-adapted cells, after beins ricadaried in Istore, would utilize lactose to a much lesser destras compared to those expusted to normal serum or the lactme adaried cells 2.4. Dinitrophenol in a concentration af in-ft Fasfrunl to inhibit the utilcontro Dr. unnoticed nonspecific reduction of methylene blue through in a very Arall extent. Thit prompied the investigators in search for another Triinu dye which will be more specific in seduction At the presente moment. :-3.5.triphenyl letrarnlium chlosrde is being used as a suhiste Tule and preliminary experiments have shuunil to be a highly efficient towl for hactcrial adaptation studies as required in this ini csigation. (h) The effect of caberasıne triphosphate (ATP) Antoiker mueleddetin stimulating alastina in ar!!cum trested cells: The progres of this punerf the work was retarded contiderally due to nonavailability of the nucleotides in rure forms. It has recently been taken up and in being erudied using the tetrazolium fechnique. 26. Studies on metabolism of the catecholamines in bronchial mulims and tropical corinophilia under Dr. II.S. Chakravarti at the Indian Institute for Biochemistry & Experimental Micdicinc, Calcutta. scanty Reprints are available on the pattern of catechol amire Arten in various disease conditions, rically where rhyt:!cical dhorse of adrenal medullary hormeret of their defective utili? in the forly may be styrred. rych 2: in breichual **:!.ma sa.! in tropical meinerhilta. nety of the mom cumplex clinical Phimphils. sull remains closcute. Ilish cruint a Halersammlla and prinnal impaemert ith AC711 7 corti:fce!, farbice Usmopolity of some dysfunction of the adrenal glar! weil rinn thar fh the carties and mellary hermanna hang powinnipenne ritect, the late: Keir through the silu.ta:) salarit, Gardering all t.se facea itt: decided to treate forrel! ******!! melary fun the alls 19 0214* ! 18763! #t'papa's archi: ai!.me Institusins. Drie mennt the natierart ratechiarime nucrtina! 17:11:45 13:51 in :1.15. u? urine, kx! ** *3!16 1:41! ! !21 crat, V... int:al.islasifi**. Aurris **!s also made 4.3 17 t.** ·50 eosinophilia in guinea-pig which, however, failed. Plasma protein pattern by paper electrophoresis were also studied in these cases. CATECHIOL AMINES EXCRETION IN 24-HOURS URINE. In tropical cosinophilia.-Patients with characteristic symptoms of tropical eosinophilia were investigated clinically, radiologically and hæmatologically in the department for confirmation of the diagnosis. In a typical case, massive leucocytosis with eosinophils not less than 2,000/cu. mm. of blood were considered for selection. All the patients included in this work came to us before any specific treatment with arsenicals. They were subsequently treated as ambulatory patients with organic arsenical preparation (acetylarsan). For normal control, 26 healthy individuals from laboratory workers were selected. They were ordinarily considered as free from any disease and did not show any high initial eosinophil count. Urine collection.-Twenty-four hour urine collections were made with 5 c.c. of 12 N HCl as preservative. When immediate extraction was not possible, samples of urine were stored at 4°C. in a refrigerator for not more than 7 days. In cases of tropical eosinophilia, estimations were done before instituting any treatment and again one week after completion of the treatment with arsenical. Extraction.--According to a slightly modified method of Euler 200 c.c. aliquot of urine with 20 c.c. of concentrated HCl was boiled for 20 minutes in a reflux condenser and filtered. To the filtrate was added 3.75 of aluminium oxide and alkalinized with concentrated NaOH solution till a pH of 8.5 was attained. A magnetic stirrer was used to shake the mixture continuously during alkalinization. The mixture was taken in a Buchner funnel on two sheets of filter paper and put to mild suction and the filtrate was discarded. The adsorbed amines on the alumina in the funnel was washed with distilled water followed by elution with 0.25 N H2SO4 The eluate was collected and its pH was adjusted to 4 by adding 10 per cent sodium bicarbonate solution. The volume was made to 10 c.c. with distilled water and stored in sealed ampoules in frigidaire/deep-freeze for biological assay. Recovery with this method gave satisfactory result in our laboratory. Assay of catechol amines in the eluate.- As the amount of catechol amines excreted in urine is very small and the calorimetric method of estimation lacks in sensitivity at such concentration, the biological method of assay was adopted. Response produced by given doses of a standard preparation of adrenaline solution in spinal cat was compared to that produced by a quantity of unknown solution and thus the pressure activity of the unknown solution was measured in terms of adrenaline. Total 24-hour content in urine was calculated from the results thus obtained.

·RESCLTS In normal adult subjects, males and 4 females. :!c 377; (! picior amincs was 10,7 1 3 microgrammc cquisalont of loadins. the average being 318 microgrammes per "I louis, Standard 12700 111 21.1. The excretion in 24 cases of tropical casinophilia :) mile: and 4 femalcı belore treatment was betticen 4 and 79 microrrammet equivalent of adrenaline jxer ?! hours, the mean salue lxin, 135: 199 microgrammes. The excretion after the fulionis (stapleted their trail. ment. was in the range of 10.2 to {*}") miesimtame muraient of dienaline, the mean value being 41.05?i murogrammes. When these data are subjected to 't' tesi, u was frund this the sariatinns observed amongst the groups-Normal, cases before trcatireni. and after treatment, were not statistically significant as will be Oudent from the following Table:- Tanlr. Groups compared t' values Remark Normal t's before treatment 0.115 Normal t's after treatment (61 Not significant Before treatment is after treatment 0711 Bronchial asthm...Only 5 cascs has been investigated and catcclia! aminc excretion in 24-hours urine is 45 bent in microgramme equivalent of adrenaline in 24 hours ;- Case No. Dcfore treatment After ten montkin Symfomatx ticarer! 410) . 8 It will lxcident from above that at in froncal minorilia. in bronchit asthma alan there is no significant variatoria in tarcttic!-*"Tipe att sinn. IXCRITI4 OF 17. KrToITI0197 IY URINE Alih ruch variations of pictcting of 1.5ccleg.bich base a muligir trurce of noisin, rele (nudio a: andre milicaling altered function of tenslotal : 1113: 3:07 : .fr Ieprief odionalciter in its rathyrorns of t. r ;'... 111ctnfcirili were estimatalin ly cart 3! marchar 41 :n esimed in nur 1słyby in 21 22!. Fixed un altre complexen of the treatment, mille (1144 within the age gripcn tycan inly ole kiiksi! 1.5 ·02 this study. Number of female cases are, so far, too small for comparison. Results are as below:- Group 17-ketosteroids 24-hours urine (mg.) Normal (21 cases) 7.44+2.48 Tropical eosinophilia before treatment 4.69+1.83 (19 cases) Tropical eosinophilia after treatment 5.97-2.53 (19 cases) Only moderate reduction in excretion of 17-ketosteroids has been observed. Such reduction has also been observed by others in various chronic illnesses and in hospital patients. Returning to normalcy after treatment indicates that the disturbance in 17-ketosteroids is functional in origin. In 5 cases of bronchial asthma of which 4 were females-results were 4.0, 2.5, 1.5 and 5.9 mg. and one male 6,8 mg. 17-ketosteroids in 24-hours urine. PAPER ELECTROPHORESIS OF SERUM PROTEIN Electrophoretic pattern of serum proteins was studied in only 13 cases of tropical eosinophilia and the percentage distribution was analysed with planimeter after properly staining the paper strips. In general, it may be said that there is reduction in the albumin fraction and rise in the globulin of which gamma globulin showed marked rise. In 6 cases, which were studied after treatment, albumin fraction went up over the previous value and gamma globulin fraction showed distinct reduction. ANIMAL INOCULATION Oxalated plasma from 13 cases of tropical eosinophilia were injected intraperitoneally into fresh guinea-pig with low initial eosinophilic count. Total w.b.c. and differential counts were made every week and special care was taken to exclude the Kurloff' cells. All the guinea-pigs were followed for at least three months and in some cases even up to 6 months. There had been some initial rise in the eosinophil count following injection of plasma but, the rise was not sustained and the rise of count was also not to a marked extent. Moreover, in one guinea-pig injected with plasma from a patient of bronchial asthma, the sustained rise of eosinophil count observed was more than in any other guinea-pig in the previous group, indicating that the rise of eosinophilic count observed may be a non-specific reaction rather than due to a transmissible factor. In order to investigate further the possibility of a transmissible factor, plasma from the guinea-pig showing marked rise of eosinophil count following plasma injection from the cases of tropical eosinophilia, ·w _as rcinjected into other fresh guinca.sigs. Periodic blcd count of Ecse guinca-pigs (in 3 cases) did not show any rise in umplulie 7. Experimental study of the role of adrenal cortex in the fonctis of congenital abnormalities under Dr. I.P. ngaral at the G.R. Medical College, Gwalior. Fertilized cars of to strain of hons, : c. white les horn (W.LI) End Rhode Island Red (R.I.R.) were used for the crpertrental sud). 7.c incidence of spontaneous congenital anamolies as and we Kas in W.L.H. in RJ.R., respectively. The comparaisse suvertibility crtilized fsx of two types of strains, one with low and the other with ish incidence of spontancously developing congenital abn maliars in rick embryox to various teratogenic agents, differed in looth the strains. hoc following are the preliminary observations 1 he albumin corectal arly bring at the terasogenic action of cortisone accratc:"- R.I.R. hen number 1 Percentage of spontancously Percentage of motione occurring abnormalities in induced alinormalities fertilized csss in the in the fertilized Control group All embryos died Ifurc oh day o- Im 30 0 The action of costine acetate sa the desc-ring chick !!! ir rol with the degree of startiblity of it feim deter! malin on the age of the descloring chicken1947 tre time Finjecting : Varinis alimalities acuisice in the chil com... 18 ommels club i na treh delcemiss, rii!!! :lom... .::21 siert drence is my st, daxilin. terit12:r and runnthal tre alwaliteit:!mmais!!tricarunter's domédith ricrine sulph:10 2: 1:18.

·54 3. 10 mg. of cortisone was injected into the hens and the fertilized eggs from these hens were collected for 11 months and incubated as such. The following were the observations: PERCENTAGE OF SPONTANEOUS ABNORMALITIES Hen number Before injection of cortisone acetate After injection of 10 mg. of cortisone acetate honey 3 6 23 44 25 0 0 0 From the above data, it appears that cortisone acetate, if injected into the hens, exerts an anti-teratogenic action. 4. The congential abnormalities in the chick embryos have been successfully induced with eserine sulphate and insulin. From the preliminary observations it appears that cortisone acetate, the active hormone of the adrenal cortex, can modify morphogenesis and development of the growing chick embryos, depending upon the susceptibility of individual hens, dose of cortisone acetate, and the age of developing chick embryos at the time of injection. 28. Study of the mode of infection and growth characteristics of rhinosporidium seeberi under Dr. Indu Mohan Gupta at the Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore. Two cases of rhinosporidial growth, both from nose, came under investigation during the period April, 1957 to September, 1957. Specimens removed at operation were collected in sterile physiological saline. One part of the growth was subjected to histopathological study. From the remaining portion, attempt was made to grow the causative organism on different artificial culture media and also tissue transplants of the growth were made aseptically into the buccal mucosa of the guinea-pigs. Attempts to grow the organism have so far not been successful. During the course of cultural study it was interestingly observed that the wall of the sporangium of rhinosporidium seeberi is markedly resistant to prolonging desiccation. The resistant nature of the wall of the sporangium in general, may presumably be related in some way to the failure in obtaining the rhinosporidial growth on artificial culture media and in tissue transplant experiments.

·for culturins far under csr, Jaipur. It was thought that Rhino pondum seekers could fra esther on 1xcial media nt in the living tissue of the animals, usch as menige and rabbit for these purposes a small tissue 21 cred in the Rhin ysgrifial polyp in the nostril of the patient It was then immedias lety. Irut gently, hrcken up in brain hcart-infusun liquid medium in a urile glass restle and mortar. A part of the suspension was inoculated on specialized reikia containing human blood and growth factors, such as vennt. (3?ine ar.d membrane of the nostal of the monkey and the ab Deing thit rerind four casct of R1100spondrosis attended the Huniialt ut coul.! fet material from three cases only and this has injected into the real mucosa of the monkey and the rahhit. All attempts to grow the organism on artificial medium containing buruan blood and growth factors, such as yeast yetine and Heun diul mos gick any krawth of Rhunesmrdium scate is growth or abnormality has appeared as yes in the nazal muccus menine of either the monkey or the rallit They are kring der for further obscrvation. RESULTS 1. All attempts to grow the organism on special mordia hanc failed. 2. No growth has yet appeared in the natul muuna of the mesakey and the rabbits inoculated with a suspension, the chancu miyr. 30 Investigation of antistreptolysin titres in children under Dr. Se Bhatia at the Lady llardinge ledical College, New Delhi Allemsis ar preparing Sitesirls" in tl. 1.lupainty wcis rc! Acrossful. The group A Sironicorus ollaineu frein (da! (X218 Cilation of Tyre Cultures) was found not interuals and the 4174184 Island from casrs investigated in the labwizlo:y xote wird und sic Matsfacinty: Amallanicunt of Siep?rty: 0 - 5 h:2006:1 tom UX. testuin number oficia ucre jul up and the truult urte as f.!r Nirmal cases of children with the lustry of state th:01. Case N zizim. 131722 ·56 A.S.O. titre. Active rheumatic cases-- majority' from Himachal Pradesh obtained by Dr. Devi Chand Units. ) 19 3 Case No. R. 1 R. 2 R. 3 R. 4 R. 5 R. 6 R. 7 R. 8 R. 9 R. 10 R. 1] R. 12 R. 13 R. 14 R. 15 R. 16 R. 17 R. 18 R. 19 R. 20 R. 21 R. 22 R. 23 R. 24 R. 25 R. 26 R. 27 R. 28 1,000 100 1,000 2,000 4,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 600 2,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 800 2,000 4,000 2,000 2,000 800 1,000 100 1,000 1,000 4,000 2,000 80 1,000 2 3 > A large number of sera have been collected and await investigation. Comparative study of serological techinques in detecting antibodies following immunization with S. Typhi ( antigen in rabbits and sera of patients suffering from enteric fevers under Dr. A.K. Banerjee at the S.S.K. Memorial Hospital, Calcutta. Preliminary work on the immuno-chemistry of the specific polysaccharide hapten of the 0 antigen of the smooth form of $. typhi ·is in propress. Anon.motile Orariant of month form of S ... *** vied in the investigation. A mitho has been s:an Jardır:df: :sr8195 an aqueous extract of the antigen of S. Orh: This rciiic polyraccharide was oblained by accione trcalment of the sandilalive 1...........mined, 11:e clicct 12:10n o Eronth 32. Inquiry entitled 'Early diagnosis of enteric fever under Dr. N.P. Gupta and Dr. S. P. Gupta, at the Nicdical College. Lucknow. (1) Experiments were carried out to determine the presence of xilublc polysiccharide antigon of S. Isphi .-- (a) In the urine of patients of typhoid fever. (b) In the sera of patients of typhoid foscr. (c) In the sera of mice inoculated with S. tyrki munum. (d) In thc urinc and fxccs of mice inoculated with Sophr murium. Quicken red cells were sensitized with cell free extracts of Style and S. tyghimurium as required for different tests. Those scnuitoed text cells were used as agglutinable suspensions. A standard vzrum of inrun titer was put up in a standard volume in doubling diletak In arallel ritration a suitable volume of urine, serum or fral extr.: *24 added. The titre of the standard scrum in the presence of his pretical ontohle antigen was noted and recorded. :- . ' lina ints were carried out :th the sera and frcal act: perimentallys. dricct the l'irrence of noluble anticen. Urine of patients of typhoid fever with a murive local culture *1 integrisateu, and the results showed that there. Te dicas of presence of soluble ancigen ini out of focuser. Herlurination inhibienia 1035 ucre care utazh sera e! 16 Natcri'in which blian culture was positive. The sculitin ...! erl, in satthere is the indication rretere(!.!.!.!... (3) Truckschnique of tralucis nof repomenul super has lien aarde satiske prinus cartired cut o dele! 4501 of bacteria Mix actelep! meish.sc:971** t!:: 1! w71"* anjloces cru!Jtx cultested asy. I'!..-:n irtis lielven irrira et shitermins, if unne, :sl-11:11 andler:: i #ro!!:*cixma wewe jalg!! ... tro: with stand:Jarum firingsmedl. armeric! S. 187": -1 ·58 33. Inquiry into the problem of chronic splcnomegaly and its relation to hepatic pathology under Dr. B. K. Aikat, and Dr. A. K. Basu at the Institute of Post-Graduatc Medical Education and Research, Calcutta. The work was carried out according to the approved plan of study. (1) Clinico-pathological study. A total of 31 cases of chronic splenomegaly have so far been investigated in detail. Twenty-nine of these cases have been operated on and are being followed up. RESULTS. ... ... .. The data obtained are summarized as follows: Number of cases (1) Pre-operative : (a) Clinical : Significant history of fever 9 Haemorrhage-hæmatemesis and melaena 16 Jaundice 1 Pallor 31 (b) Heamatological : Anæmia 31 Normocytic normochromic 19 Microcytic hypochromic 12 Leucopenia (below 3,000/cmm.) 20 Thrombocytopenia (below 100,000/cmm.) 7 (c) Bone-marrow study : Hyper-cellular marrow 29 Normoblastic 29 Hypo-cellular normoblastic 2 (d) Liver function studies.-A battery of liver function tests were performed which included total proteins, serum albumin and globulin by micro kjeldahl method, electro-phoretic study of serum protein by 'moving boundary technique thymol, zinc sulphate turbidity tests, cephalin cholesterol flocculation tests, total serum bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase. On the above basis liver function was considered :- No. of cases Normal 8 Moderately damaged 9 Severally damaged 14 (e) Radiology: (a) Ba swallow 14 Oesophageal varix ... ... ... ..

·. . . ... 1 ... X.css'ng (6) Splenopital iyningraphy: (Extra hepatic chatruction (11) Dilated tortuous splenic vein without collaterals (111) Dilated tortuous splenic vein with collaterals (2) Oreralite sluly. (a) Portal «cnous pressure : (1) Below 200 mm sahne (11) 20.300 mm salınc 10 (1) Above 300 mm salinc 1. (h) Aspearance of liver : Coarecly noxlular Diffuse granularity Wide scarsing Atrophy of teſt lobe Fatty liver Enlarged without granularity Normal appearance (c) 'resence of thrill in splenic attery Operative procedure : Splenectomy alone Splenectomy with ap!enorenalshunt Porta.caval shunt l.igation of hepatic artery 3 Final crticlayscal discuter! f ($185. (a) Cirrhosis of lisce with portal hypertension and fi!zw. congeative splenomegaly (2) Putraheparic hieputic elstruction with grital hypertension and liburtongestive piromegaly 0 (1) t'onal courthoumbat (u) Cineshomalt transnarfruntelui (ra) Chronic partcstiti (it) tincicat:c turys llyrotrophic cand:!!*7*013.me on :) 0 I. 3 .. 16 . Vi . 669 ·00 1 1 ... ... ... ... ... (c) Hyperplasia of the Reticulo endothelial cells of the spleen. No. of cases. (i) Kala-azar (ü) Unknown...? Malaria Histology of the liver : Post necrotic cirrhosis 14 Diffuse hepatic fibrosis 4 Post necrotic scarring 2 Protein malnutrition 2 Fatty liver 5 R.E. hyperplasia 3 Normal structure 8 Histology of the spleen : Fibro congestive-splenomegaly 24 Primary R.E. endothelial cells hyperplasia 3 including 1 K.A. R.E. hyperplasia in association with fibrocongestive splenomegaly 24 Myeloid Metaplasia 11 Infarcts 7 Follow up study. -This consists of periodical and regular clinical, hæmatological, radiological examination of the patient combined with evaluation of the structural and functional status of the liver. Experimental work in animals. (1) Monkeys : Supra and infra hepatic obstruction- Mechanical with cellophanetape : Supra hepatic obstruction 6 Infra hepatic obstruction 4 (2) Infra hepatic obstruction : Production of cirrhosis in Albino rats by injection of 0.1 ml. of carbon tetrachloride per 100 gm. of body wt. once a week 36 (3) Splenic hyperplasia :-- Biweekly injection of 0.2 cc. per 100 g. of wt. of 2,5 per cent methyl cellulose of viscosity grade of 400 centipoises. Normal diet and methyl cellulose 18 Low protein diet (2 per cent protein) and Methyl cellulose 18 Low protein diet alone 18 No. of cases. .. ... ..

·The data from the experimental sork cannot be analysed sitke There is good deal of surfestive evidence that these is marked indicate in the splenic blood volume ard outlow in most of the cases with presence of a distinct thrill in the splenic artery in some cases 31 Inquiry into clcctrophoretic study of immunised rabbits with particular reference to immunological tolerance under Dr D Varua at the SSK Micmorial llospital, Calcutta *1 1 The term immunological tolerance sclers to a specific scalenina of surpression of re-activity caused by the cupu:e of 2016 at try sizcaic stimuli before the maturation of the facults of murolepica! emase. Rabbits have been selected as the experimental arial art Sisshi as the antigen to see whether these animals declun sonuna Ispical tolerance to this bacterial antigen when challenged in their feeta! or curly life. The experiments so far carried out are desented under Pne heidings : (a) Pour adult cabbies of about four months of age uercinnculated nd 21*** of heat Lilled S 171 4ffe varying from 1518 10 : cctmshottic study has done by boundary zone method in an intucile apriratus and thirted laed gesls of sammaglobulin. Absorbed sera with homologous anlegen alca od fall of the gamma-globulin reak. (6) Electrophoretic pattern of scra of five adale anul in yours un'm muniecl rabbits was studied by the same method Tic clact:oe $slin pattern of one and two days old ralluts was found t's I delictent from that of adult rabbits. (c) Tuo piernant rabbits were immunised with S lykt arisen by the same meihind as was emploved in the experiment Ammer.is the 15th day of gestation. The era of their i libritat!:** ( trein ome later and from ancther) were found in cuntain antilvalies 5:;' Spk and the title was found to be betu con traind 13 11.sn dryness 3 months old the titre of thicit sera feito 1.se i kters? dred Remaining 8 liters wete atat!?!c frisculuscuri! Imunization when they were of ironth afe Ilic kiss sf muntan 28 mm. as in their trothers, '1ocftixrimod mic of the 1:101) and in 3 ethere the title chum 1.3 (4) Tenemos $ day if soilatt? Hith Theo .cr one With 71.is animal 21 imrunized by this 3 erfit.nak ****** 8. ryb, and the file dJ mit go!ane 13.1. r! (.:: 6? ! lillcat (13 ralka in all). ! ce sa 3*** Kurs organism cithin 1 to IGP1."! ! *** f.ekh of the flities acrelert as Games 939) R76 ·dosc. Four of the Otest animals died within 3 or 4 days. Remaining 5 test animals and of control animals did not show any antilouy when their sera were tested with S. typhi antigen (weeks after birth. All the (1 animals (5 test animals and control animals) were then immunized with the 3 injection schedule. All control animals (four) developed antibodies, the titre varing from 1:2500 to 1:51211. In the test animals (five), the titre varicd from 1:160 to 1;320. It is not possible to try in driw any conclusion about the state of immunological tolerance against bcterial antigens in tablits from the experintents that havc 50 får been done. Attempts are being made to increase the number of animals in cach experiment and to evolve now experiment to prove or clisprove this. 35. Study of kwashiorkor with special reference to histopathological and histochemical changes in the cutancous lesions under Dr. C. Mohan Rangam at the 11.G.11. Mcdical Collegc, Indorc. The matcrial studieci so far consists of skin bicepsics from $ children swith typical cutancous lesions of lwashorkor and I normal lealthy skirs. The criteria for selection of cases were the presence of adema, retarded or arrested physical growth, mental apathy, enlargement of liver, hypoalbuminamia, and typical cutancous lesions, i.e. crazy.pavement cermatosis, enamel paint dermatosis, parchment dermatosis and crackled skin appearence. In all but two cases, biopsies were taken from the skin of the abdominal wall. In the other two cases, biopsics werc taken from the lateral aspect of the leg. The sections from the formal saline processed tissuc were stained with hematoxylin and cosin for routine study. The collagen, clastic tissue and melanin were studied by Van Gicson, Verhoff and Fontana stains, respectively. The scctions from alcohol-fixed tissuc were stained with congo red hematoxylin for keratohyaline and cleidin. It has been obscrved by previous workers that whilst pellagrous lesions occur in regions exposed to sunlight, l;washiorkor Icsions seldom do so. We are unable to confirm this obscrvation since in our scries the lesions have been observed over the dorsum of hand and forearm and extensor surfaces of the legs, distribution regarded as typical of pellagra. Histologically, changes have been observed in the cpidermis and dermis. In the cpidermis, the most striking feature was atrophy of which the following patterns could be recognized. Epidermis. (a) Marked and uniform atrophy with no hyperkeratosis or parakeratosis. (b) Irregular epithelial atrophy alternating with normal stretches causing a marked corrugation of surface. (c) Epithelial atrophy with co-incidental hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis.

·In areas shon ing marked atrophy, the stratum natpipi ons stratum baualis are so greatly decreased in thickness that the cause thicknen of the epidermis scems in lx constituted by strata 6124313 und lucids. In the atrophic areas the stratum granulnium » depleted af Leratohyaline granulcs. The diturbances in the bacal layer scen maximally in the wrophc rrest but elsewhere also consist in an apparent deplacement auf diese celk and loss of cohesion between them. Tlie melinin pigment is allest in the baual layer and is dispersed in the rate malphures and alist in dermis. In the latter case the pigment is found lying citer le or held by histiocyter. Dermis.-The finc wavy collagen of the papillary layer shimas an as the fibrils and fragmentum. Tlie : the sub-pipillary Issct alo che :: show fragmentation and clunrin There is sencralized infiltration of the dermus sith hustoxytes bxslsren in the pupillary layer. Iven at this stage the cutantrus Issions by cried in kwachiorkor secm to be attributable to multiple deficiencies The her proteinemia observed by us would crplain the ai ma in tlic dermis pelare the increased permeability of the Jeronal capillaries duc 19 deficiency of vitamin C reported by previous woslers would au aru mravats the development of dema. The later appears to 1 responsible for fragenentation of collagen and elastic tissue The crithelial atrophy is the result of dermal muoma and the Consequent compression of the dermal capillancs feeding the opere The hyreskeratosis and paradcratesis is explainable on the pass of vitamin A deficiency and perhaps vitamin D complex del.corres Kera:ohyalin granules, lxing protein in natutc. are depleted in kulit. lor, a ducase of protein deficiency. Further, it seems possible to correlate the clinical assessorar al ny funicular type of lesion with the specific tu!uthorsical charar! is in parchment derrra!osis there is unfum er markeder ifr::1 Storly. in crazy-susement dermatosis or cruel fiint dec:14:!.ee in combination of hyferieratrsis and paralersles: shop! *! 19 crackled siin apparence there is mailed cninisaison of the esser:n The air:ulares us incidence of atrophy and hopef!ssu2 kat *** born J in prilagra. 26. Studies on the role of inositol in hyperlipenue conditione unire Dr. V. Srinivasan at the Madurai jeus al Cirikos, Madurai The influence of irositat en lirill metal!. ass fum! In love tsxit's somente with the deserrit retskra 11:9 .!.!** 17. fractions Hlera-chleach levane (in r*11*-1, Fuhlite li ir site 21 frend to inhibi nech, 'sc:. F*c!2** Istnenda!met comfistely key ir milele *renity of lick on parcreatie ritsa!. This is!.!...?)

·37. Study on the cffects of selected respiratory stimulants in states of pulmonary insufficicncy issociated with hypercapnia and hypoxis under Dr. N.R. Konur at the Nilratan Sircar Medical Collcgc, Calcutta. Ten cases of pulmonary insufliciency were taken. In addition to a dutaileri clinical survey, 57. piratory function !t:45. including spirometry and arterial hand gas analysis. wire done in the Before and after injcction of 0.21 % of aminophyllinc slowly by intrarmour routc. Oximeter was calibrated against van Slyte manomiciric apparatus. Clinically, all the cases showed signs of emphysema and after the injection of aminophyllinc, patirnts lccanlı more rostful and dyr-proca was relieved to some extent. Respiratory ratu sis decreased in cases and increased in 3 cases, but the depth of respiration was increased in all the cases. Pulse rare slightly decreased in all the cases. Slight cyanosis was present in cases before injection and it disappcared after injection. Rhonchi was much less aft:r injection. Regarding respiratory function tests, injection of minophyllinc stimulated respiration particularly the amplitude of respiration was increased. und in 3ll the cases there was a not increase of pulmonary ventilation. The vital capacity and maximum breathing capacity, were also increased. The percentage of total vital capacity in ise and 2nd seconds was increased in all the cases investigatedVentilatory equivalent of oxygen, however, increased in all cles. Oxygen content and percentara saturation of arterial blood were increased moderately. The carbon dioxide level of arterial blood showed a change in the reverse direcciais (In one casc, injection of aminophyllinc w.is followed by 31 per cent incrcase in pulmonary ventilation, 37 per cent increase in oxygen consumption per minute and about 70 per cent increase in oxygen content of arterial blood. The calculated oxygen tension of aricrial blood increased from 16 to 103 mm. of Hg. ; there was, However, no significant alteration in the carbon dioxide figures in this case). 38. Inquiry cntitled, 'Pollination Calender for Greater Delhi' at the Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Dclhi, Delhi.. A provisional list of the allergenic plants of Delhi along with the chronology of their pollination season has been compiled. An herbarium and a reference collection of permanent pollen slides of allergenic plants which flowered during the past four months (since June 1957) have been prepared. The incidence of almospheric pollens at three stations :selected in different parts of the city has been recorded. Collection of large amount of pollens from suspected allergenic plants for the extraction of antigens is being carricd on..

·65 39. Inquiry on the relative values of colpomicroscopy and vaginal cytology in the detection of early carcinoma of cervix uteri under Dr. Chinmoy Ghose at the Calcutta National Medical Institute, Calcutta, The detection of early carcinoma of the cervix uteri is of paramount importance to achieve maximum salvage of patients with modern armamentorium at our disposal. The conception of what constitutes the early stage has changed radically during recent years. Carcinoma. in-situ, intraepithelial or pre-invasive carcinoma before the basement membrane barrier is broken has been widely accepted. Unfortunately cervices with pre-invasive carcinoma seldom arouses any suspicion on clinical examination. Cervices that present detectable clinical lesion, diagnosis is usually established on tissue biopsy. Cyto-diagnosis -- Cancer cells being exfoliative in nature, detection of these cells in the vaginal discharge has been universally employed because of its simplicity and wide scope of screening the total popu. lation of women to detect the incipient carcinoma. There are obvious fallacies with a cyto-negative or cyto-positive diagnosis. Colpo-microscopy.-Hinselmann's (1924) original devise of Colposcope gives a magnified view (10-40 times) of the cervix and has been found to be useful in selecting sites for biopsy A great improvement over this magnification has been incorporated in the recent invention of Colpa-microscope (Antoine and Grunberger) which gives a magnifigreat scope f the portio ne gynæcoloit is set up of the vantages repeated as often as is necessary, is harmless and causes no pain, (5) the superficial epithelial layers or modified areas at the surface and slightly deeper seated cell layers upto a de could be seen just one would ordinary microscope. There ar The present study is aimed to find a co-relation between colpomicroscopy and vaginal cyto-diagnosis supported by tissue biopsy whenever indicated in the detection of incipient or early carcinomatous lesion of fors 1 cervix. Unselected patients of 25 years of age and over attending the out patient's department are subjected for study. Cytological smears for papanicolaou stain are made from (a) vaginal discharge collected from posterior fornix, (b) surface scraping by Ayre's spatula from Squamocolumnar junction. A hanging drop preparation is made to exclude Trichomonas infection. History, other gynæcological findings with special note of the clinical condition of the cervix are recorded Colpo. microscopy is done on the same day or at a subsequent date. When indicated cervical biopsy is taken from the areas selected on naked eye ·66 Negative in 71 cases. or Colpo-microscopic findings. 8 to 36 histological sections are prepared for study. Cytological and Colpo-microscopic examination are repeated when necessary. During a period of three months total number of patients examined were 217, of these, only cytology was done in 58 cases, cytology and Colpo-microscopy in 156 cases and cytology, Colpo-microscopy and biopsy in 24 cases. The cases may be grouped as follows :- 1. Cervix clinically healthy 130 cases. (a) Colpo-microscopy (C.M). Cytology (b) Only Cytology done Nagative in 58 cases. (Patients failed to report for C.M. examination). (c) C.M.-Negative In l case. Cytology-Positive Smear showed endometrial type of malignant cells in a postmenopausal woman with healthy cervix, with normal sized uterus and unilateral adnexal mass. The presumptive diagnosis of adnexal malignancy was confirmed postoperatively as primary tubal carcinoma. (d) C.M. Both positive--no case Cytology. encountered. 2. Cervix clinically unhealthy but did not appear malignant (a) C. M. Both negative in 79 cases. Cytology. (b) C. M. Both suspicious in 3 cases. Cytology. Cervical biopsy-negative in 2 cases by serial sections. In one case, biopsy showed moderate basal cell activity in one area. Examination of whole cervix by serial sections after total Hysterectomy did not reveal any activity in other areas. The cases are under follow up. 3. Advanced clinical carcinoma of cervix in 3 cases. C.M. could not be done due to hæmorrhage. Cytology-Positive in 2 cases. Biopsy- Invasive carcinoma in all 3 cases. 4. Vulval Carcinoma-l case. C.M., Surface scraping smear and Biopsy were all positive. 5. Vaginal vault recurrence-l case. R3791 C.M.-Positive. Cytology–Negative. Biopsy--Positive. 82 cases.

·67 The patient was followed up post-operatively after radical abdor nal hysterectomy for carcinoma cervix with pregnancy: Cyto-diagno was twice negative but colpomicroscopy revealed typical malignant ce at the shallow vaginal vault, confirmed by subsequent biopsy. The stu is under progress no conclusion can be drawn at this stage. 40. Studies to investigate the role of mucopoly saccharides in t formation of kidney stones under Dr. KN. Udupa at Himachal Pradesh Hospital, Simla. t For this research scheme, the blood, urine and kidney biops of the normal people and those suffering from kidney stones we the mucopo ethods of t 1. Blood -Ten healthy members of the staff of the Himack Pradesh Hospital were selected as the control subjects for this stuc The serum mucopolysaccharides as determined by the glucosami content varied from 62.5 mg. to 92.5 mg the average being 72 3 per 100 cc. In the same persons the serum calcium and phosph rous contents were also estimated to correlate the same with that mucopolysaccharides. The serum calcium varied from 80 mg. 14,0 mg. the average being 110 mg. per 100 CC. The phosphoro content varied from 30 to 5,0 mgm. the average being 3.75 mg. 100 cc. serum per 100 Ten patients suffering from various types of kidney stones we also studied for the above constituents and found that serum mucopo saccharide contents of the patients varied from 58 75 to 82.6 mg. t average being 72,5 mg. per 100 cc. The serum calcium of these patie varied f "1.0 mg, per 100 cc. 1 the average being 40 DE is at once clear that the is no significant difference between the normal and those patients w renal lithiasis so far as the blood mucopolysaccharides, calcium a phosphorous are concerned. 2. Urine.-All the studies in the urine were carried out in 24 hour urine specimen. These were analysed for glucosamine conteas per the same methods with certain modifications as was done for serum. The urine calcium and urine phosphorus excretion rates w also determined and calculated for the 24 hour period. The results, this study indicate that in normal persons the mucopolysaccharid calcium and phosphorous excretion rates were 154.2 mg/24 hrs., 650 m 24 hrs and 12000 mg/24 hrs But in those cases with kidney stones, E findings were 72 mg. and 6024 mg. and 30 mg: per 24 hours respective From these findings one can conclude that patients with renal calc excrete lesser quantities of mucopolysaccharides and phosphorous a large amounts of calcium. This has been a consistent finding in all cases so far studied. However, further studies in more cases will ha to be done to arrive at a definite conclusion.

·68 Histochemical studies of the kidney biopsy.--Kidney biopsies were taken from normal persons and from those suffering from kidney stones. Normal kidney biopsies were made when we were operating in the neighbourhood of the kidney and a few fresh autopsy specimens were also taken for these studies. The biopsies of the kidneys with stones were invariably made during operation. All the specimens were studies histologically and histochemically. From preliminary observations it appeared that in the kidneys with stones there is derangement of mucopolysaccharides both quantitatively and qualitatively in distribution especially in and around the urinary tubules. From these fidings it seemed that there is some retention of mucopolysaccharides in the kidneys which might be responsible for the initiation of nidus formation for the stones in the kidney. Their future growth and development into typical stones might take place in the calyces where the decreased mucopolysaccharides and increased calcium content of the urine might further contribute to their development. st 41. Induction of gall stones in monkeys under Dr. B.N. Balakrishna Rao at the G.R. Medical College, Gwalior. The problem of gall stones is the problem of calculus formation, in general, and cannot yet be said to have been solved. In this Laboratory, urinary stones have been successfully produced by introduction of F.B. nucleus in the urinary bladder of dogs (T.B. Singh et al, 1954). On a parallel study, this work was undertaken to elucidate the role of obstruction, infection and implantation of nuclei in the production of gall stones in monkeys. Three types of nuclei (zinc, magnesium and pieces of human gall stones) have been used as intracholecystic implants. Serial studies of blood cholesterol, roentgenograms, pH of bile and histological examination of gall bladder wall are being carried out. The effect of cystic duct obstruction after nucleus implantation is also being observed. Till the time of this report, stones have not formed. In most cases monkey bile was found slightly on the acid side and this factor might be responsible for the prevention of deposition of crystalloids (e.g. calcium carbonate). With the idea to possess an all-time easy access of gall bladder bile for serial examination and wilful manipulation, a polythelene tube from the inside of the gall bladder to the outside on the surface of the abdominal skin is under trial in dogs. It would be worthwhile to observe the effect of controlled changes in bile pH. 42. Effect of tissue therapy in the prevention of blindness due to degenerations and abiotrophies of the retina and choroid under Dr. J. Bose at the R.G. Kar Medical College, Calcutta. Altogether we examined 22 cases of pigmentary degenerations of retina, out of which 10 cases are primary and 12 cases are secondary. Of ·69 all the cases examined by us, only one case was female who is a secondary one and rest are males. The age of the patients, examined by us, varjed from 6 years to 44 years and the age of onset of the night blindness, (as told by the patient, or its attendant) varied from 3 years to 12 years From the genetical study, we have found that in cases there is dominant heredity and in one of them Retinitis pigmentosa was present in the same generation. The visual acuity was examined in the modified Landolt's ring charts. All the cases were examined clinically and investigated properly and from the investigations and clinical studies we divided the cases into primary and secondary. Out of 12 secondary cases, only one was a female. Age variation was between 13 and 46 years, while the age of onset, as obtained from the history, was between 9 and 44 years. While investigating the ætiology, it was found that 5 cases showed positive Mantoux test over 1 in 10,000 dilutions (tubercular). Only 3 cases showed a positive Wassermann and Kahn's precipitation test (syphilitic), while in 4 cases, ætiology could not be determined. However, on clinical basis, these undetermined groups could not be included into the primary series as these patients showed a normal dark-adaptation and had no night blindness They had, on the contrary, certain amount of day blindness The perimetric observations were done in all the cases and the records of the observations were noted. The dark adaptation test was done in most cases (both primary and secondary) by means of Della Casa adaptometer Preparation of aqueous extract of placenta.- The placenta (Caesarean or normal delivery) was kept in the refrigerator for 8 to 10 days in the same temperature, mentioned below. The refugerated placenta was washed thoroughly with distilled water to Then 23 5. we.ght of placenta was cut fr cotyledons and then minced very thoro was finally triturated in a mortar. 250 c.c. of sterile normal saline was then added and then kept at room temperature for one hour with occasional stirring, After that the solution was heated in a water bath (temp. 60° C.) for one hour. The solution was then passed through cotton and paper filters. The filtrate was again filtered with paper filters several times but as the sediments were still left, the filtrate was finally passed through glass-wool filter. The filtrate was then boiled in a water bath (temp. 60° C) for 15 minutes and then sealed in glass ampoules. The sealed ampoules were then autoclaved for 45 minutes (temp. 118°C. and 15 lt weight) The autoclaved ampoules containing the solution were then kept in a refrigerator again (temp. 9°C to 4°C.). The protein content of the placenta was then examined and finally ærobic and anzrobic culture examination was done before injecting to patients. Before injecting the solution to human beings it was injected to a guinea-pig to see any reaction. The sealed ampoules were always kept in refrigerator, Unfortunately, turbidity and reddish colour of the filtrate could not be driven out. We are still investigating about the causes of these defects specially the higher percentage of protein than Filatov's specification (01 percent).

·70) TUGUINIQUI Or TISSUI: THERAPY (A) Grafing. At first, the grifting was done in the subtenon's space (vicle conprehensive report submitted in 19950). Nexi tha sub. conjunctival spaces ver tried but clue tu iXtm fibrosis the technique was modified and impl.intation done in the subcutaneous space of the interior obsluminal wall. Lairr, this will changed to the proxiinal portion of the ventral isspect of thor forearm. Whenlle implanted ristie was bigger than the size of it peat the riches uur say cive try tension and the implinteel disce come out and as sich nic implanted less placentil disse ind made the surgical wound higger. The placenta grafting wis.!!2135 clone under local :nirithezia and under strict ascepisc meusoires. In the conjunctival wind subtenon's route there was sommes pain iftis ile ciiurif the local anesthesia was over and the congion used to last for more than 5'6 days but there was an infectul and coming out of the tissue except wice or twice. But in the subcutaneous route, tikros was no pain during and after operation exceptint one who felt try much pain after the operatinn but there was su intecimn. There was 110 stitch abscess except in only Onc Casc. We usually graft's times in it year at an interval or 3 months. (B) Inertion of qurills Catract of pucerilo..The aqueous extract of placentit (so firuf 11b.:rt David & Co. Lid.) was injected by intramuscular route duly. lieres live such injections were done of a stretch during winch one implantation was done along with the injections of iquicous cxtract. lour such courses were done in a year. The ampoules were always kept in i rofrigerator at a temp. of C. 10 °C. Sometimes patients were supplied ampoules with an advice to keep them in ice 1.sk. There are no untoward symptoms with the injections of the aqueous extract of placenta upto this day. 43. Inquiry into blood strcam cooling as a method of inducing and maintaining hypothernjia under Dr. A.K. Basu at thc S.S.K.M. Hospital, Calcutta. Thirty-five animal experiments have been carried out during the period from May 10 December 1957. The experiments have been divided into 3 catcgorics. 1. STANDARDIZATION OF TECHNIQUE OF EXTRA-CORPORCAL VASCULAR COOLING FOR HYPOTIIERIA AND STUDY OF THIS METHOD OF COOLING AS CONTRASTED WITH THE SURFACE METHOD. Twenty-six cxperiments were carried out under this category. The technique employed in per vascular cooling was as follows:- (a) Cannulation of femoral artery and vein by polythene cannula. (b) Circulation of the blood by means of a hand pump through a latex tube submerged in brine mixture (average temp. – 4°C).

·71 (c) Heparinization of the animal's blood to prevent intravascular clotting. (d) Electro-cardiographic hook up. All these experiments were carried out with the animal under I.V. pentothal anesthesia with endotracheal intubation. In addition, in 2 experiments, lytic cocktail consisting of pethıdıne, phenergan and chlorpromazine was used. A number of difficulties were met with during the carrying out of this experiment These included: (a) Thrombosis of blood in the cooling system. (b) Air embolism. (c) Deficient cooling due to insufficient cardiac action in the absence of a pump in the system. (d) Sudden ventricular failure due to loss of peripheral resistance. These were gradually overcome as experience was gained in the experiments. It was fqund that the per vascular method of cooling was generally slower than surface method of cooling and entailed a number of difficult technical procedures which were sometimes associated with complications. TI..J.- cava 2. UTILIZATION OF TECHNIQUE OF HYPOTHERMIA FOR CREATION AND CORRECTION OF INTRACARDIAC DEFECTS nahad was lowered to 28°C id inferior vena was divided. After pericardiotomy, the cardiac inflow was occluded and the right' atrium opened. The interatrial septum was exposed, and a standard size defect created. The atrial wall was closed and the cardiac inflow was re-establıshed by releasing the loops The average time of cardiac inflow arrest was 7 to 9 minutes. Three animals survived the procedure and 6 died. No death was due to ventricular fibrillation or attributable to the direct effects of hypothermia 3. Biochemical and histological studies of different types were undertaken. Blood sugar, blood urea, blood uric acid, liver glycogen, and myocardial potassium were estimated in a number of experiments. There was a general tendency towards rise of blood sugar and fall of liver glycogen and of myocardial potassium. Blood urea and uric acid did not show any significant variation. Histological studies were made in a number of experiments of different parenchyma, such as liver, lungs, myocardium, and kidney. No definite information can be given at present.

·72 44. Inquiry under investigation into the pathogenesis of spinal concussion following injuries of spinc under Dr. H.K. Sarkar at the S.S.K.M. Hospital, Calcutta. The following methods w'arc tried in producc spinal concussion in rabbits:- 1. The clura in the dorsal region was exposed by laminectomy under local aniesthesia (i per cent norocain 7 c.c. to 10c.c.). "The cord enclosed in tlic dura was traunitized by the tip of an artcry forccps. Six animals were used. . Acute forcible flexion of nich was attempted under x-ray screening in another li nimaks. 11 brcomic asparent that it is almost impossible to disincate or fructure a cervical vertebra. 3. This was donc in stages, Stogel.-The idca of this stage is to impair the stability of the cervical spine. This was clone under local anesthesia by separating the posterior cervic:: muscles from the spines and Busine and dividing the ligamentum nucht. inter.pinous and intu's-laminar ligaments. The wound was closed by apposing the past cervical muscles over the damaged spine by interrupted c.itgul stiiches. The rest of the wound was closed by continut caput. During the operation, 5 of the 15 animals showed transient paresis of the hind limbs for 1 10 4 hours. Slagell.- This was done after Sin 10 days of the first operation when the external wound was completely healed up. The animals were acutely flexed at the neck just caudal to the site of injury under x-ray control. in 3 out of 1.5 animals, there was compleic paralysis of the hind limbs with paresis of the fore limbs, whereas in the rest paresis of only the hind limbs was produced. These animals were observed to lic on the side of the trunk with no cffort to movc. Fceding had to be helped. After 8 hours the limbs became spastic. Four to six day's after operation the animals were observed to stand on their legs if supported. In another 8 to 10 days time the animals behaved normally. By this method it became possible to produce in animals post-traumatic complcie or partial paralysis of the limbs with subscquent full functional recovery within 2 weeks' time. This condition is akin to the phenomenon of spinal concussion in human beings observed following injury of the cervical spine. 45. Hydrocephalus in infants and children, investigation of its etiology and treatment under Dr. R. Nigam at the Medical College, Nagpur. This report embodies the work done during the period ending 30th September, 1957. The work consists of two parts. (a) Experimental production of hydrocephalus. Two common laboratory animals, the albino rat and the dog, have been selected for ·73 this study. The technique consisted of injection of either a suspension of Indian ink or a living suspension of mycobacterium tuberculosis, as grown from the discharge of a person shown active disease. Intrathecal injec. tions were given under light ether anæsthesia using a tuberculin syringe and a given size 16-gauge needle. Four groups of animals were employed. Eleven animals died as a result of the injection. Six died two to three weeks after the injection. All these animals were examined post mortem. Both macroscopic and microscopic examination was done. Two animals showed definite hydrocephalus with dilatation of the ventricles deposition of the dye in the meninges, leucocytic reaction and in one case thrombosis of one of the venous sinuses. All the successfully injected animals showed evidence of meningeal irritation with neck retraction and skew deviation of the head. Attempts were made to visualise the ventricles in the albino rat with pyelocil, in the living, but this was a failure. Macroscopic and microscopic changes of the arachnoid granulations in various age groups have been under study. (b) Clinical study of 4 hydrocephalic children --No obvious cause was forthcoming, viz. specific infection, prenatal trauma, toxæmias of pregnancy in the mother, post natal trauma, or meningitis. Most children were quite normal at birth and showed head enlargement a little later. The obstruction was of congenital origin. Investigation by ventriculography, indigo carmine test, C.S.F. examination with manometry, and physical, chemical and microscopic features of the fluid Casel No. Age Type of hydrocephalus C.S.F. pressure Treatment 1 2 years Internal 300 mm. Ventriculo peritoneal shunt 2 2 months Internal 200 mm. Died after ventricular puncture. 3 3 years Communicating 300 mm. Died after ventriculography meningitis. 4 2 months Internal 300 mm. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Ventriculo peritoneal shunt is a simple operation and is compara. tively safe in a child of poor risk The value of ventriculo-uretric shunt in such children is also being studied.

·74 1 46. Clinical and experimental studies on keloids under Prof. K.K. Ghosh, Medical College Hospital, Calcutta. Object of work.--- (1) Why and how keloids occur in certain individuals with or without operative trauma. (2) To establish the relationship between the diffusion of extracellular fluids with the formation and recurrence of keloids in the selected sites. (3) To evaluate the different modes of treatment. In the last 6 months, 43 cases of keloids were encountered of which only 22 had primary keloids. These patients (22 only) were subjected to investigations and different modes of treatment. On completion of detailed history taking and clinical examination, the patients were subjected to (1) ultraviolet fluoroscopic examination for determination of the nature of vascularity and diffusion of extracellular fluid, and (2) microscopic examination of the biopsy material before the institution of treatment for noting the histological structural detail. The patients were then subjected to the following modes of treatment. (1) Deep x-ray in combination with surgery-12 cases. (2) Cortisone infiltration in combination with surgery-7 cases. (3) Cortisone infiltration alone-2 cases. (4) Surgical excision only—l case. After the completion of treatment the patients were again subjected to ultraviolet fluoroscopic examination and the excised keloid was subjected to microscopical examination for determining the changes produced as a result of treatment. The patients are then being followed up. OBSERVATIONS ON THE INVESTIGATION AND TREATMENT (1) Ultraviolet fluoroscopic examination.--Appearance of patchy fluorescent zones in the keloid mass and a denser fluoresene in the perikeloidal zone in ultraviolet fluorscopic examination suggests excessive diffusion of extracellular fluid at these sites. It has been observed further that the selected site where keloid usually occurs, viz., the front of the chest, the outer and anterior aspect of shoulders and a broad zone on the midline of abdomen emit brighter fluorescence than the adjoining skin surfaces in susceptible individuals. In 9 cases there were marked diminution in fluoresence both in the keloid as well as in the peri-keloidal zone after treatment with deep X-ray. In one the fluoresence was absent altogether and in the other the fluoresence was unaltered. Of the two cases treated by cortisone infiltration alone one had definite diminution whereas the other showed hardly any change.

·75 (2) Histological pattern and the changes produced by treatment.-- Untreated keloid has, more or less, a constant structural pattern. The skin lining the keloid shows occasional areas of parakeratosis. The skin appendages are absent in the secondary keloids but are present though in lesser number in the primary ones The sub-epidermal zone shows the collagenous connective tissue layer where there are masses of spindleshaped fibroblastic cells of various size and thickness, with abundant collagenous matrix. The immediate sub-epidermal zone shows loosely woven collagenous meterial Blood vessels consist of endothelium lined spaces and are more numerous in the peripheral part of the fibrous tissue. There are occasional areas of lymphocytic infiltration. Cases treated by deep x-ray exhibited the following changes.--Minute ulceration in the epidermis. Prickle cell layer of the epidermis contained enlarged cells with granular cytoplasm. In the sub-epidermal zone there was ædema and hyalımisation of fibrous tissue which extended deeper. The layer as a whole looked more fibrous than cellular. The nuclei of connective tissue showed fragmentation. The blood vessels were lined by swollen ædemamatous endothelium. Sections stained by Pickworth's method showed very few vessels in the tissues. Cases treated by cortisone infiltration. These showed occasional brick red collagen consisting of granular amorphous cytoplasm with scattered nuclear remnants. There were occasional hæmorrhagic areas with beginning of organization. (3) Treatment by different methods - In the 1st group of the 12 cases treated by deep x-ray along with surgery none has come back with So far, All the patients had more or less relief from symptoms after the completion of pre-operative deep therapy. On an average, the cases had 1450 r in 6 days time both before and after the surgical treatment. 2nd group of the 7 cases treated by cortisone infiltration following surgical excision of the keloid. 1 has come back with complete recurrence within 2 weeks of the completion of treatment. On an average 11 cc. of inj. cortilacetate (1 c.c. equivalent to 25 mg.) was infiltrated in this scar at weekly interval for 5 to 10 weeks. The others in this group are still symptom-free. In the 3rd group, only cortisone infiltration was done at weekly interval with 1} c.c. of inj. cortilacetate both in the keloidal as well as in the perikeloidal zone, Two patients have been subjected to this mode of treatment so far. In both there was partial relief from symptoms after the 3rd injection. In one, the regression of the paramedian free the 5th injection, whereas in emarkable even at the end of recurrence -L1 In the 4th group, only surgical excision was carried out. Only case subjected to this line of treatment came back with recurrence after 2 weeks inspite of healing by primary intention.

·76 47. Investigation of the economic feasibility of using all-plastic, expendable blood-collecting and blood-transfusion equipment in providing a blood transfusion service for a rural area in Orissa under Dr. David R. Bassett, Dr. Balabhadra Mahapatra and Dr. Dhirendranath Mund at Distt. Sambalpur, Orissa. Plastic expendable blood transfusion equipment has many advantages over conventional glass and rubber equipment; it is useful in all blood-banking operations. and especially in rural medical practice (e.g. Primary Health Centre), civilian and military disasters, and for specialized hematologic uses. If this equipment were available in India, it would be possible to give transfusions in rural areas, without requiring the equipment and staff time which is necessary to clean and sterilize conventional equipment. A field research cum demonstration project was set up to investigate the economic feasibility of using plastic expendable equipment in comparison with conventional equipment, plus some related aspects of blood transfusion work in rural areas. Twenty-two transfusions were given to 15 patients between March 1956 and September 1957, using plastic expendable equipment. The average cost per transfusion was Rs. 12.55 (plus additional customs charges for importing equipment averaging Rs. 4.50). Some of the plastic components can be re-used for various hospital purposes, thus reducing the total cost per transfusion. An average of 78 minutes of one physician's time was required for each transfusion. The estimated cost of conventional glass and rubber transfusion equipment prepared according to the standards established at Calcutta Blood Bank, is Rs. 8.40. It has not yet been possible to set up blood transfusion services at the Government Hospitals at Bargarh or elsewhere, so that further cost data regarding conventional equipment has not yet been obtained. Inquiries were made on the status of manufacturing plastic medical equipment in India. The incidence of Rh (D) negativity in the population of this area is 1.89 per cent (S.D. £0.24 per cent). A simple method of providing a hearted, lighted surface for Rh-testing is described. Transfusions were given using proven group (blood without crossmatch. No adverse transfusion reactions occurred. It is possible to establish a simple, portable blood transfusion service for Rs. 180. A report has been prepared describing experience at Barpali in giving transfusions under rural conditions. Eight Physicians have been trained in the practice of blood transfusion therapy. VDRL slide test has been learned by 3 Barpali Village Service physicians, and demonstrated to 5 other physicians and 2 laboratory technicians. The technique is simple, reliable, and can be performed with simple and inexpensive equipment costing about Rs. 165. Three hundred and eighty-three tests were performed. Thirty-five specimens ·were sent to the Antigen Production Unit Laboratory for checking results; it appears that one has a tendency to over-read tests. However, there was no case in which we failed to detect a positive reaction which was reported positive by the Antigen Production Unit Laboratory. 48. Inquiry on development of biologically specific histochemical method for the localization of pituitary hormones under Dr. V.R. Khanolkar at the Indian Cancer Research Centre, Bombay. 1. In vitro stimulation of corticoid synthesis under the influence of added ACTH has been studied It is felt that coupling of oxidative phosphorylation may be necessary for optimum synthesis of corticoids. 2. A new and specific method for the histochemical localization of corticoids has been developed, which consists of oxidising the alphaketol grouping of corticoids with FeCl, to an aldehyde compound Aldehyde compounds are then stained by leucofuchsin or Schiff's reagent. 3. Ovarian sections show evidence of FeClz-Schiff positive material. This observation is likely to give valuable information regarding the pituitary-adrenal-ovary relationship. A new approach for increasing the ACTH secreting cells of the pituitary is being developed. For this the animals are adrenalectomized and the adrenals transplanted in the spleen. With this procedure the renal impairment is prevented and the adrenalectomized animals appear to survive apparantly without the addition of sodium chloride in drinking water. 49. Survey of malignant lesions of the ora-pharynx in the population of Guntur District and to evaluate pre-disposing and exciting causes, if any, fi under Dr. D. Outpatients of the Government General Hospital, Guntur, were examined for the presence of oropharyngeal carcinoma for the period of August to December 1957. Sixty-six cases of epitheliomata were found in the oropharynx as against 65 epitheliomata registered for the same period in sites other than oropharynx. In the latter series carcinoma cervix is found to be 66 per cent of the total. Forty-two .L. males and noma of the opharyngeal percentage in the female. Equal incidence in both sexes but considerably less number was observed of carcinomata of the floor of the mouth, alveolar margin and the larynx. Four cases of the carcinoma palate were exclusively found in the females. One of these patients is in the habit of smoking the chutta keeping the burning end inside the mouth.

·78 The association of smoking of clutta was significant in the majority of male paticnts with carcinoma cheek and tongue and they have been moderate to heavy smokers. In thic female chewing of bctcl, with or without tobacco, was found to be of significant causal importance. In only a very minority of female patients history of smoking chutta was obtained, In a small but negligible number, ncither history of smoking nor of chewing could be elicited. History of addiction to alcohol was recorded in an occasional case or two and this bears no causal importance. Leukoplakia was recognized in 2 cases. V. D. R. L. test was done as a routine in most of the cases and only in a small number it was positive. Barring the isolated case of chuita, cancer observed in the female, the other three cases of palatal cancer noticed in the female arc different, from that reported from Visakhapatnam. In 25 per cent of the oropharyngeal carcinoma registered vitamin deficiency, by way of angular stomatitis, is noticed and in an equal number oral sepsis was also recognized. It is difficult to indicate whether oral sepsis preceded or is consequence of cancer. In about a 3rd of the cases pigmentation of oropharynx was observed. This pigmentation was also noticed in the control groups in whom precancerous or cancerous lesions were not noticed but haveigiven definite history of smoking chuttas. It is intended to carry out biopsy study of these pigmented spots with a view to recognize any pre-cancerous lesion as was suggested by Reddi and Rao (Ind. Jour. Med. Sc., 11. pp. 791-798, 1957.) During this period inpaticnts admitted into the City Hospital for diseases other than oropharyngeal carcinoma and also staff of the institutions were examined for oropharyngeal carcinoma. In 3,000 cases so examined no malignant lesions of oropharynx was spotted in nonsmokers, or smukers belonging to the age group 30 to 70. Verification was also made for the incidence of oropharyngeal carcinoma in various communities resident in Guntur but no significant variation in incidence of the oropharyngeal carcinoma from community to community was observed and this is probably due to common habits of smoking and chewing in various communities resident in Guntur. Carcinoma tonsils and larynx appears to be much less in number in our series when compared to those reported by Khanolkar (Acta Un. Int. Cancer, p.5, 881, 1950). It is proposed to carry out the survey of age group 30 to 70 in the local factories and also in certain parts of Guntur municipality with the sole object of spotting the early malignant lesions of oropharynx and record record available predisposing precipitating factors.

·79 50. Studies on the physiology of dermatophytes under Dr AN Chakraborty at the School of Tropical Medicine, Calcutta, During the period commencing from Ilth May, 1957 to 20th September, 1957 the following lines of work were undertaken.- 1, Culture of dermatophytes -Scrapings from the scales of the skin were taken from 20 cases of ringworm infection out of which 12 proved to be positive for T. Tubrum culturally. Of the remaining 8 cases, 3 did not show any growth and 7 were contaminated with Aspergillus, Penicillium and Helminthosporium, respectively. II. Cytochemical studies of the culture - Normal cytochemical patterns of these fungi were studied. Some cytochemical entities (e.g, alkaline phosphatase, polysaccharides, calcium, iron and lipids) were studied at various ages of growth of the fungus grown on different culture media. It was seen that the reaction for alkaline phosphatase, polysaccharides and lipids were definitely more intense in the fungi grown on Sabouraud's glucose-agar media than those grown on other media (e.g, Sabouraud's maetose-agar, cornmeal-agar, nutrient agar, conservative media and agricultural media). Localization c standard as well as gave better result. was found between 3 and 6 hours. + Polysaccharides were found to be present mostly in outerwalls of the hyphe and microconidia and in inter hyphal septa. Presence of calcium, iron and lipids has been demonstrated for the first time in T. rubrum Here, too, both the techniques were employed of which the modified one proved satisfactory. Iron, both in ferrous and ferric form, as well as in inorganic and organically bound form was observed in hyphæ and microconídia. Lipids were demonstrated by Sudan black B and Sudan III technique. Culture done on media incorporated with these two dyes showed normal growth of the fungus and concentration of the dye within the hyphæ ond microconídia in the form of globules. Inorganic salts of calcium was demonstrated by standard methods both in the hypha and microconidia as scattered grains in the cytoplasm and also in the nucleolus. III. Histochemical studies on the infected skin.-Work has just been started on histochemical studies of the skin infected with ringworm and a few skin biopsy inaterial have been collected from culturally proved cases.

·80 HAEMATOLOGY 51. Hæmatological unit under Dr. J.B. Chatterjea at the School of Tropical Medicine, Calcutta. 1. NUTRITIONAL MACROCYTIC ANAEMIA (A) Assay of vitamin B12 : (a) Serum vitamin Biz level.-In a series of 25 uncomplicated cases, the mean values of free and total B12 level were 9.9 (range 0 to 82) and 96.5 (range 0 to 330) micro-microgram per ml., respectively. In 14 cases the total vitamin B12 level was lower than 90 micro-microgram per ml. These values are significantly lower than the corresponding values for normal Indians. After treatment with specific anti-megaloblastic drugs the level of total vitamin B12 definitely increased. (b) Vitamin Bia binding-capacity of serum.--The vitamin B12 binding-capacity of serum was measured by estimating the serum level of free and total Blą following incubation in vitro of 1 ml. of serum with 1000 micro-microgram of Bi2 at 37°C for two hours. There was significant rise of free and combined fractions following such incubation. (B) Folic acid assay: (a) In serum and urine. -As reported last year, folic-acid levels in serum and urine vary widely and do not present any pattern significantly different from that in the control groups. It appears, therefore, that folic-acid levels in serum and urine per se provide no dependable guide to the existence of folic-acid deficiency. (b) Differential test of urinary folic-acid excretion after test dose of folic acid. --Twenty-four hours' excretion of folic acid in urine was measured after administration in sequence of 5 mg. folic acid, (i) subcutaneously, and (ii) orally. In N.M.A., the mean excretion of folic acid after subcutaneous and oral test doses were' (.79 (range 0.19 to 1.38) and 0.45 (range 0.12 to 1.65) mg., respectively. After treatment, the mean excretion values after subcutaneous and oral test doses were 1.25 (range 0.12 to 2.3) and 0.78 (range 0.19 to 1.38) mg., respectively. With a similar technique, mean normal value after subcutaneous dose was 2.58 (range 1.45 to 3.72) mg. and after oral test dose was 1.83 (range 1.15 to 2.52) mg. II. A THALASSAEMIC SYNDROME During this period comprehensive investigation was done in a series of 86 cases with a view to characterize them as fully as possible It was found that in this series there were 74 instances of Hb.Ethalassæmia, 11 instances of homozygous thalassæmia and 1 instance o Hb.S-thalassæmia.

·81 r T T1 Tri (A) Comparative study of Hb.E-thalassæmia and homozygous thala. ssæmia.-Comparative study in these two groups did not present any differentiating clinical and hæmatological features Homozygous thalassæmia per se did not appear to present any qualitative change significar Clear-cut through (B) Differential hæmoglobin pattern in Hb.E-thalassæmia disease. - Relative proportion of the hæmoglobins E,F and A was measured in a Densitometer. Hb F was measured by alkalı-denaturation technique. In a series of 20 cases, the mean values of Hb E, F and A were 67.1 per cent (range 45 to 83,5 per cent), 24 4 per cent (range 5.8 to 49 per cent) and 8.5 per cent (range 0 to 28.3 per cent) respectively. These data corroborate the view that thalassæmia gene, while enhancing the expressivity of Hb.F, tends to suppress the formation of Hb.A. Expression of Hb.E is also disproportionately increased. (C) Family studies.-In each of the 74 cases with Hb E-thalassæmia disease, Hb.E in the heterozygous form was always present in either parent. Percentage of Hb E in the heterozygous parent varied from 30 to 63. (D) Incidence of Hb E and thalassæmia heterozygote in general population.—In a series of 700 unrelated Bengalee Hindus were encountered 2 instances of Hb.EE, 25 instances of AE and 26 instances of heterozygote thalassæmia (AA). (E) Comparative data on Hb.E heterozygote and thalassæmia heterozy. gote.-Critical analysis of various data in the two groups showed that in general, abnormalities of erythrocytic morphology were more pronounced in thalassæmia heterozygote Owing presumably to the relatively higher percentage of HbĚ in Hb.E heterozygote (AE) over Hb A, component in thalassæmia heterozygotes (AA), paper electrophoretograms in general clearly differentiated the two heterozygote conditions. III. HAEMOPHILIA SYNDROME In a series of 15 patients with evidence of deficient thromboplastin formation manifested by prolonged coagulation time and/or poor fantı-hæmophilic globulin TC), and plasma thrombo. . 3 and 1 respectively. In addition, in one male patient there was evidence of combined deficiency of AHG and PTC. 52. Inquiry on anæmias in infants and children under Professor H.I. Jhala at the Grant Medical College, Bombay. For the purpose of this report the analysis is divided into two parts Part I deals with antenatal cases and their new-born. In the previous report ending September 1956, 73 cases were reported. Thirty, two cases were examined subsequently, and this work was concluded ·82 Follow up after completing investigation of 105 cases. Part II contains the analysis of the results of investigations on anamic infants and children. Last year 55 cases were reported. Since then 145 more children have been cxamined, bringing up the total to 200 cases. However, this report contains data on 150 cases as the remaining are being worked up. Following are the total number of investigations done so far :- Hæmatological 485 Serum Fe 206 143 Serum Biz 208 Bone marrow 148 Sickling 311 Dietary 152 Fetal Hb 178 Rh grouping 220 Paper electrophoresis 13 Serum proteins 137 Families investigated 16 53. A survey of occurrence of sickle-cell trait and sickle-cell disease or its subtypes in Mahar Community of Nagpur and its neigh, bouring villages under Dr. R.N. Shukla at the Medical College, Nagpur. (A) A survey was carried out amongst the adult labour population of the local textile mills, which employ them from different districts covering roughly an area of 100 miles radius surrounding Nagpur. The labourers belong to low economic group of the local population and predominently were from the Mahar, Kunbi, Maratha, Teli, Gond, Koshti and Mohameddan communities. In all 1,010 cases were examined. The presence of sickling was demonstrated by the method of Daland and Castle (1948). Fresh reducing solutions were made daily and the preparations were examined within two hours. All positive cases of the day were re-examined next day to eliminate false positive results. Periphcral smcars were examined in all cases for morphological erythrocytic abnormalities and the presence of target cells. In cases showing the presence of target cells in peripheral smears and sickling by wet sealed preparation, hæmoglobin analysis was done by paper electrophoresis and alkalidenaturation technique for confirmation. Results: INCIDENCE OF SICKLE-CELL TRAIT IN CENTRAL INDIA. Castcs Number of Persons examined Number of persons positive for sickling Percentage of incidence Frequency of Sickle cell gene 100 Mahar Kunbi Teli Gond Koshti Mohameddan Brahmin Miscellancous 450 116 SO 53 46 OS 26 171 9 0 0 22.2 9.4 11.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.12 0.05 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 Total 1,010 ·83 positive sickling cases showed the A S pattern, thus confirming the presence of sickle cell hæmoglobin in heterozygous form. (B) Total number of cases of sickle-cell disease detected from this area so far were seven, out of which four were of sickle-cell anæmia and three of sickle-cell thalassemia. The diagnosis of these cases were confirmed after detailed investigation, hematological (including hæmoglobin analysis by paper electrophoresis and alkali-denaturation technique) and genetical. Experimental studies on acquired hæmolytic anæmia under Dr. N.N. Sen at the Seth S. Karnani Memorial Hospital, Calcutta, The work done was mainly concerned with the production of antisera in rabbits against guinea pig red cells and qualitative and quantitative study of these sera produced during different periods of immunization and by different methods of immunization. Techniques for the detection of 'incomplete antibodies have been standardızed," Rabbits have been immunized against guinea-pig red cells by varying doses, by varying intervals and by different routes of injection. Titre of the antisera by different methods and at different periods have been determined. Effect of temperature on the titre thus obtained has been investigated. 55. A study in the pathogenesis of anæmia in infections under Dr. V.S. Mangalik at the K. G. Medical College, Lucknow. In all 75 normal healthy individuals have been investigated These include medical graduates and students of whom 45 were males and 30 females. They varied from 65 kg. to 85 kg. in weight and in no case the hæmoglobin value was below 120 g. per cent and total serum proteins below 6.0 g, per cent. 1. TECHNIQUES EXPLOYED (a) Hæmatologic techniques.-All estimations were carried out within four hours of the withdrawal of blood from the anticubital vein into wintrobe's double oxalate mixture, Red cells were enumerated in ·84 Thoma's pipette in a dilution of 1 in 200, using isotonic sodium-chloride solution as the diluent. Two-pipette two-chamber method was employed as advocated by Ham and the standard error of the red cells count was determined in each casc. Total leucocytes were counted in a dilution of 1 in 20, using 3 per cent acctic acid as the diluent. Hæmoglobin determinations were performed by acid hæmatin technique of Sahli. For the study of red cell morphology and differential leucocyte counts, peripheral smears were drawn on glass slides and staincd with Wright's stain. Wintrobe's hæmatocrit was employed for the determination of packed red cell volume. (b) Biochemical techniques : Plasma iron was determined by a modified technique of Hamilton. To 1.5 c.c. of plasma was added 0.75 c.c. of 2N hydrochloric acid and the mixture allowed to stand for 10 to 15 minutes after thorough shaking. 0.75 c.c. of trichlor-acetic acid was then added with vigorous stirring by a glass rod. This mixture was left for 20 to 30 minutes, and then centrifuged at 3,000 r.p.m. for 30 minutes. The supernatent was dccanted off. To 1.8 c.c. aliquot of the supernatent were added the following in this order : 0.05 c.c. thioglycolic acid. 0.40 c.c. (0.1 g./100 c.c.) O-phenonthroline. 0.75 C.C. saturated sodium acetate. The tube was shaken and allowed to remain at room temperature with a reagent blank (0.90 c.c. glass distilled water, 0.45 c.c. 2N HCl and 0.45 c.c. trichlor acetic acid plus reagents above) for 30 minutes. Optical density was measured in a Beckman's spectrophotometer model B at 510 m. Total and unsaturated iron-binding capacity as also the per cent satuaration of iron in the plasma calculated as suggested by Cartwright and Wintrobe (Jour. Clin. Invest., 28, p. 46, 1949). For the determination of plasma copper and the copper content of the red blood cells and the whole blood, the techniques of Gubler et al. (Jour. Biol. Chem., 196, p. 209, 1952) were followed. Glassware used in the collection, storage and estimation for iron and copper was carefully cleaned to make it copper-iron free by washing thoroughly with soap and water, rinsing, emmersing in potent potassium dichromate-sulphuric acid cleaning solution for one hour, and then rinsing with tap-water, simple distilled water, and finally with double distilled water, prepared in a all glass still. All the reagents used, including anti-coagulants were of A-R grade and of known iron-copper content. Matching of colour was performed on a Beckman spectrophotometer model B at 510 ml for iron and 440 mp for copper.