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·REPORT
OF THE
JAIPUR STATE
Post-War Reconstruction Committee

·PRINTED BY KRISEN 4 Rax MEITA, AT THE LEADER PRESS, ALLATADAD ·CONTENTS PAGE 1 Stc110% A Preliminary 4 SECTIO B The General Problem 12 28 SECTION C Agriculture SECTION D Industries SECTIOT E Public Health and Natation 66 SECTION F Educat on 1 7 APPENDICES ATTENDIX A The Economc Each round ITTENDIX B Tho Trining of Soldiers before Demobi lization ArrexDIT C Thc Arca of Land out of Holding Irre\DIS D Lield and \ct Profit from Winter Crops AFTENDIT E Scope for Irigation Datelopment AFTE\DIX T irrigated Arca under Different Crops ArrenuIX G The Improroment of Livestoch ATTENDIX II The l'os ililities of Hydro-cloctric Power Generation 10 11 13 15 IrreyDX 1 Statistical Tables of Income and Expen diture on D velopment least 233 Various States ATTE DII J list of Properd School 21 25

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·Repori olibe Post-War Reconstruction Committee, Jaipur State, 1943. Section A : Preuminary The Committee may appointed by the Gorenmont of Jarpur in the following onder : fioremment Order No 1010S C, dlated the 20th July, 1943 *llis Ilighn-eg' Gorernment hare had under consideration for romno tinc ranous problems relating to Post War Reconstruction, with particular reference to the question of finding emplos. ment for thosc anbjects of His ligimmers not engaged on ar dutses who are likely to return to civil enployment after the feration of hostilities llis Highners' Gorernment hare also ins vice the need for a loog penod programme for developing the economic resources of the State on a systematic and planned basis These problems can best be reviewed by a special com mittee and Goremmaent are therefore, pleased to appoint a Committee for this purpose composed as follows Conrcner -\[ry Rollo Specul Ixlucation Ofcer, Jaipur Nemlery - Rsa Sarılar Singazı Bahadur of Khetre ! Rao Bahadur Thakur Narendra Singhy of Jovaer Yr O Seshagiri Rao Chief Engineer for Irrigation Dewan Bahadur Sardar Santokh Singh, Senior Officer, Sihar De Dessau, State geologist and lining Engineer, Jaipur Siste Khan Sthio Altaf Ahmad Kherie, Jlemler Rerenuc Board 7 Yr E da Costa, Pnrate Secretary to the Primr Vinter Wr 13 Bhattacharya, Secretary to tho liorernment, Derelopment Department 3 4 5 * ·7 9. Mr P. N. Kathju, Director of Industrie and Commerce. 10 Mr. Karpoor Chandra Patni. 11. Dr. A. R. Normand, Church of Mission, 12. Captain S. D. Pande, Principal, Bila College, Palanı, 13. Mr. B. H. Zaidi, Advocate Secretary :-Mr. P. S. Narayan Prasad, Professor of Economics, Mabaraja's College, Jaipur, "In particular, the Committee is requested to report on the extent to which agricultural production in the State can be increased (a) by the development of irrigation facilities, both by tanks and by wells, (b) by the uso of improved agricultural methods including schemes for crop planning suitable to local needs, and (c) by the adoption of methods of co-operativo farming, and (d) other methods by which the health and economic condition of the agriculturist may be bettered “The Committee is also requested to give its attention to problems of soil erosion and to make recommendations for the development and full utilization of forests in the State. "In regard to industries, the Committee is requested to deal particularly with the assistanco nluch will bo required for industries in the State in order to enable them to adapt themselves to post-trar conditions "In the field of education, the Committee 18 requested to examine the extent to which educational facilities should bo increased and the degree to which special empbasis should be placed on technical education "Tho machinery and organisation such will be required to gire effect to tho Committee's recommei dations may also bo indicated ” The general Committee met five times in addition to tho many meetings of the sub committees At tho first meeting, on July 31, 1913, four sul committees were formed. Theso including members subsequently co opted usere as follows.

·Agricultore hain Sahib Sa Kheric, Correder Pasja Sirdar Single Bahadur of kbetri Ils G Seakaga Pro Detran Bahadur Sardar Santokit Singh J F di Costs Captain S Pande Ir P S Jararan Irasad Industries PX Katlayu Conrennt 3Ir G Sezkigut Rao, subscquently Contener Dr G De au Jfr B C Bhattacharya BIF KC Pata Mr PS arayan I'rasail [TY V Jathur (Professor of Commerce, Maharaja's College Jaipur) VrQJ I Drehtason ( Igent Imperial Bank of India, Jaspur) Health and Nutrition D & R normand Conrenet Vs Sashagin dan N40 Baldur Thakur Narendra Singh of Jobner » Eds Costa WT B ( Bhatiacliary: Dr Dasty Wr 710) VPS Serigen Prosa Atos Consul Education Wsje polls Consesses Rajs plus inglys Itzhatus of Kibar Illa! 14+ Thialur Vaten im Singhji of Jobner tl san 13!? spilar Sanithh Singh ን Whathu Hohe Pain D- & Surmand hills 19 km Brgy. Jo jer Ess!* J This Hira Eleg («***1954 1973 1 7 **{!} of kerstenithe a tlore Eat-contec ·9 Mr P N Katbju, Director of Industries and Commerce 10 Mr Karpoor Chandra Patni 11 Dr AR Normand, Church of Scotland Mission 12 Captain SD Pande, Principal, Bi la College, Pilani 13 Mr BH Zaidi, Adrocate Secretary MIC P S Narayan Prasnd, Professor of Economics, Maharaja & College, Jaipur In particular, the Committee is requested to report on tho extent to which agricultural production in the State can be increased (n) by the development of irrigation facilities, both by tanks and by wells, (b) by the uso of improred agricultural methods including schemes for crop planning suitablo to local needs, and (c) by the adoption of methods of co operativo farming, and (d) other methods by luck the health and economic condition of tho agriculturist may be bettored "The Committee is also requested to givo its attention to problems of soil erosion and to make recommcndations for tho development and full utilization of forests in the Stato "In regard to industries the Committee is requested to deal particularly with the assistance which will bo required for industries in the Stato in order to enable them to adapt them selves to post war conditions "In the field of education, the Committee is rcqucsted to examine tbo ostent to mbich cducational facilities should bo increased and the degree to which special emphasis should bo placed on technical education • Tho machinery and organisation which sill be required to give effect to tho Committees recommendations may also bo indicated' The general Committee met five times in addition to the many meetings of the sub committees At the first meeting, on July 31, 1943, four sub committees vero formed Thicso including members subsequently co opted were as follos ·mshe this possible tren & aliort period of lapsing trould mean tha los of what they lare pined, and there rests upon us therefore the most urgent responsibility of changug tho conde tions to which thoy return so that these will not reduce tho mon to their prc was lerel of living, material and montal Further, tho ways in which these mon lave been benefited by the change to oro ufc are precisely the mass in such tho raising of the general standard, in towo and country, through out the State, is desirablo, cien necesegry The return of men who hare becomo accustomed to such stabdard affords? unique opportunity of general uplift through their iniluence, prorided, again, that conditions are so replanned by the Stato As to afford this orrortunity Thus thero is really one all comprehensive problem, apart from the reabsorption question how to make lifo better i escry sense for the people of the State The most clamant need for improvement in the material necessities of liforfor freedom from rant and the fear of st There ought to be, Besond mere subsistence, a certain comfort and security for all and this is tlo Grst conditwa of educational, social, political atrancement 1t 14, fortunately perfectis feasible in Jaipur The resources and opportunities are present, and mo haro end-aroured to inccato how they insy best Le u od, and low Also giren satisfactory food clothing and suelter, something can then be done for uplift'in a less material sense Tour aspects of the single problem fare been considered oas fout sub committees for Agriculture Industry, Itealth and Suntion, and Educatica uk throughout vero ayatt of cab others deliberations througla overlapping of member ship and the Secretary membership of all sub-committecs Thius 11 trou datie deplezation, Agd, it u Leliered, no incon *ulcaey, between tho reports of the diffrent committees inch of these committees bas had a thind the stato or fals in this particular Suate, sal has tried to mako entirely fractingffe propwali la each of the four apheres an MICASA rilen cf rajedrigets i llecessary and perfectly possidio Tt6 apriin particulul to industrial developmcat. The ·Captam S D Pando Mr BH Zaidi Mr P S Narayan Prasad In Section B of this Report, tlo general problemi 15 defined, provision for the future of those nom engaged in war serrico is dealt with, so far as it 19 separable and machunery for economic planning 19 proposed The other sections consist of the reports of the four sub committees as rovised by the general committee In Appendix A will be found a brief account of present conditions in Jaipur State Renders unacquainted with Jarpur might do well to read this first Other appendices contain notes by experts, of a nature too detailed for insertion in tho body of the Report So far as possible we have obtaned and worked on preciso data, but there is a notablo lack of statistical material in tho State Our proposal (under “ Vachinery for Economio Planning”) for the institution in the State of a permanent Economic Conncıl with tho service of statistical experts 29 designed portks to meet this need nor and hereafter SECTION B 1 Thero The General Problem This intestigation arises from the transitory problem of demobilization, both of soldiers and of others employed in for work The problem is partly that of their employment, partly that of ensuring for them satisfactory conditions of life can be no doubt that for most of them life in the army Ins upeant a definite raising of standards in scieral ways, mcamo, food and clothing, health regio, lygionic conditions methodical and disciplined war of life, comradeslup and social amenities, physical recreation accurato information about cvonts, acquaintanceslup witli pcoplo of other religions of races and gonuino though limited o lucation It would be most un fortunato iſ in their return to cul life thoz were obliged to lower thieso standards Ratle it is to be desireed that they should bring theso no standards with then, 29 far as to cart 1 ·mosha thus possible Lren A short period of lapsing rould mean the loss of shat thoz hare gained, and there rests upon us Iberefore the most urgent responsibilty of changing tho condi tions to thich they return so that these will not reduce tho een to their prc trar level of living material and mental Further, the ways in which the«o men have been benefited by the change to army life are precisely the trays in wluch tho raising of the general standard, in town and country, through out the State is desirable, cien necessary Tho return of men who have become accustomed to such a standard affords 1 uniquo opportunity of general uplift through their influence, provided, Again, that conditions are 80 replanned by tho Stato *9 to afford the opportunity Thus there is really ono all comprehensive problom, apart from the rabsorption question how to mako lifo better in every sense for the people of the State The most clamant nocd or improvement in the material necessities of life--for freedom from want and the fear of it There ought to be, besond micro substcnce, a certain comfort and securits for all, and this is the first condition of educational, social, political Advancement It 1.9, fortunately, perfectly feasible in Jaipur The resources and opportunities are present, and wo haso endesroured to indicato how they may best to u ed, and low also giren salufactory food clothing and shelter, somothing can then bo dono for "uplift' in a less material sense Tour aspects of tlc single problem have been considered br our four sub committees, for Agriculture, Industry, Health and Xulntion, and Educatica, which throughout were aware of each others deliberations through orerlapping of member up and the Secretary & membership of all sub commuttees Thus there 11 latio duplication, and, it is beliered, no incon enr), Between the reports of the diferent committees back of thcx connuttecs has had ui inind the state of oftain in this particular State, and has tried to make entirely frortinil's propes! In cach of the four splicres an immenso rulent of raid progtes is ficcesory, and rerfectly possillo This applins particularis to industrial derelopment The ·predominant occupation is of course agriculture The recom mendations of thic Agriculturo Committee corer overy aspect of the agricultural question Improred and ortended agriculture would, in incre food production, mahe an immense difference to thio well being of the people But without industrial dore lopment agriculture mil full far sport of its own possibilities It cannot prosper fully unless tho people's purchasing power is groatly increased, and this can be brought about only by the dovelopment of industry, which of course includes not only large scale factory production but also cottage industries in the country, crafts work in the towns, and industries related to agriculture itself Industry, wisely initiated and controlled and kept far short of adventure and speculation--lept in reasonable relationslup to the State's resources will make and distributo wealth Wise planning must regard the distribution as of equal importance with the making Further, industry ill enrich the State and increaso its resources for every sort of welfare undertaking For example it can sıfoly bs said that witbout considerable industrial development there can never be uni versal education nor such general prosperity ns will mako posiblo a legunto leisura in the mºans for the best amplov ment of thus Considering all this and the extremc backward ness of Jaipur like the States in general, in industry it cannot bo wondered at that in our report n o ano inclined to emphasiso the importance of the section dealng with industries 2 The Future of those Demobilized d be Ar се Jemio 1100 10 Thus pariod which may be of Considerablo longth con bo used to great advantage in concentrated truning preparatory to entrs or return to various casil occupations and such training 13 bring planned by the Directorate of llofire and 4nionitics at Gencral leadquarters In thuis Jupur (11 oparate by training soldiers (aftor tho Irmistice) as instructors to troops draiting demobilization certain occupational inattery, and also in various aspects of selfare I detailed note on this is apprnded * * Appendix B in ·The demabilized soldier mal retard to their homes pre. Plaas 1 pare to enjoy & good holday, and much a considerable sum of muliza Ther laro carned both, but it is in their powes & #pral both taticis. It is necessary to keep in touch with k of them from the day of deroobiuzation, and enable Jim to terzlec that Government and his fellow extizens tale ai actio though unobtrusive interest in his future It would be gool if, for somo time, the er soldiers in the diffenxat parts of the State were given opportunities of meetiam in & more or kces consisid) way, and were given tho Sind of entertaroment to which tker hare become accustomed in the army They might be encourage), Blo, to take the lead in tillage sports ations, and also in all sorts of sallage improvement, mapecially in 828itation and hygiene Among these men thereis available at triacca O amount of knowledge and statice that mozda de most raluable in the work of village reconstruction It s for the local officers to utze the And a holiday so spent trould bo much better than ideaees for tho men themselves Besosht to beadrused alo, mitbout interference, n the expenditure of their moner, macht is being accumulated with thic apcalidt of procutzage for thea useful equipment, etc. for their futuro corect Same should spend it for keep it to be aquests on improved agricultural equipment The building of good houses to themselves sould be soother excellent nec uomo could them ofres busid the houses, and most could at Maantjorn in the 12 u de sable foo that some agency, toch as the National Hor Front should krep these mer supplied with things to read, and policularly trsti ncs relating to post thr dereloppent Aqueislamall per decal miglt vell bo producnd for the de clurgiu wlists in Pomu Uniu, and efficiently distributed to them thus milit peshapu bo dane by the Goremment of Indis but if not 1 rool) *cl be done for the State by the husle itsell through th Sational or front with the help of Pullerity Of.oef and rert i ont or two other prrsoon of editonal ceptiste Sach a porodical would indeed have a Witosa farkasond to soldiers ·(6) predominant occupation is of course Agriculture The tecom mendations of the Agriculture Committee cover orery aspect of tlo agricultural question Improied and oftended ngriculturc would in more food production make an immense diferenco to the well being of tlie people But nithout industrnl derc lopment agriculture will fall fır short of its or possibilities It cannot prosper fully unless the people's purchasing potter 18 greatly increased and this can be brought about only by the development of industry, which of courso includes not only large scale factory production but also cottago industries in the country, crafts ork in the towns and industries rolatod to agriculture itself Industry, wisely initiated and controlled and hept for short of adventure and speculation-.ept in reasonable relationslıp to the State s resources-72]] make and distributo Wealth Tisc planning must regard the distribution as of equal importance with the making Further, industry will enrich the State and mcrease its resources for crery sort of welfare undertaking For example it can safely bs said that without considerable industrial develop ront thors can never bo uni versal education nor such general prosperity is will malo possiblo a loquate leisura an] the mains for the best emplor mont of the Considering a}} this and the ortrcmc bachirard ness of Jaipur like the States in general in industry it cannot be wondered at that in our report wo are inclined to empha-150 the importance of tho section dealing rith industries 2 The Future of those Demobilized Per Oct be twcen Ar raistico and Demo bil zation This period wluch may be of co 13.darable length ran bo used to great advantage in concentrated truning preparatory to cntry or seturn to rarions civil occupations and such training is being planned by the Directorato of lielfare and Amenities at General Headquarters in the Jupur (in co op rate by training soldiers (nftar tio \rmistice) as instructors to troops awaiting demobilization certain occupational inatters, and also in various aspocts of welfar dictailed note on this is appanded • Appeadıs B in ·Asad Esch large gadastry might be escoaraged to conduct such training for itself; but rastruction in agricultural methods sod in the small industries would have to be undertaken by Goremgnnt In the meantime the Amenities Department should bo supplied it fras desiredwirth notes in Roman Urdu (wluch it can use in one of its pamphlets for soldiers) regarding the post rear plans and in particular regarding agri cultural deselopment and change The granting of land and of concessions has been dealt with in the report of the igriculture sub-committee It is to be msired that all those demobilized should, if possible, receive land, and have the prul. and responsibilty of a stake in the country cren if they theraselres do not fork on the land The granting of land howcrer, mll be quite futile unless conditions of lenanng can be so changed that a man has the sense of security without which ha cannot be expected to derelap the laricdomlig tlo planting of orchards for orample This matter luong beca referred to also in tho report of the Health and Mutation Sub-Carottes Should there be a considerable body of men that cannot imamediately bo providod for in the ways suggested above, thoy may be employed in the most urgcatly necessary public works The report of tho Industnes Sub-Commitke has dselt on the secensity of embarkina immediately upon a planned programma of mad making-both metallod and urmatalled roads This the needs to emphasusing here Communications are in a mont elementary slale and their improrepicht is essential not merely to agricultural and industrai donelopment but to wagtest in every sphere all roads bould be made and Anunced by tho btato, by means of loans if necessary, and this will make £24168 tbs employment of es wat-emp'ozces on thu mon't Bul great care must be taken to avoid the employment in toad tabouret B kork and other work of a purcly playscal turkcice of mea possessing or competent to acquiro como kind of all, vince i dulls each capsels There is a striking lach of certs, and thapnation is theu production Some miglit tum n the slosung and other villagos constructional most 2 ·Thoir Even before demobilization, however, the problem of their Employment and Training peace employment must be dealt with as far as possible It? neces ?ry to prepare at once & census of all soldiers enlisted from the Stato (shether in tho Jupnr forces or in others), with their formor employments and their qualifications Inform ation can be obtuned from tlie enligting authorities and tho homes of the men A tenative schedulo of suitable croployment can be propared with these data Immediately after demobiliz ation, and in many c7ses before it aduce can be given ond the decis ons of the men obtained As many of them as possible may be fitted into the States schonie of agricultural concessions and assistance indastrial development, and public works Many of tho men who hitherto have been ongaged m agricnlture will now prefer industrial or other work not on tho Innd, and many others will havo hul no experience pointing in any particular direction In such cases thoro wall be a special nocessity for interroving 198033115 capacity, and aduising accordingis There must be an Employmuont Bureruor Officer maintain Ing a completo register of demobilizod rar employeos, readily niarlable for consultation Ho must be completely asware of n!] openings in botu govornmont and prirate employment and not simply waiting to be consulted but constantly activo in investigation of what has happrnod to tho mon and in presenting their claims to industrial and other cmploy ory who nlao should report vacancies to him It would be an immense advantago If arrangements for various kinds of training classes could be perfected bofore tho The Army Amenities Department is doing its bost to provide the mon with practical knowledgo rointed to peacs time employnient, and the cffect of this attempt will be felt, but & suo t concentrated course of instruction after demobiliz ation will, in the case of many occupations including ngriculture, bo necessary if the start or to start of the man is to fulfil the possibilities of the time Thero aro industrial jobs which are to be learnt satisfactorily by & man as ho goos along, but in triany casce skilled labour should lare some training beforo var enda ·hind. Esch large cadastry might be encouraged to condact sach trurung for itself, but instruction in agricultural methods god in the small industries fould have to be undertaken by Government In the meantime the medities Department should be supplied ~33 st his desired with notes in Roman Urdu (which it c30 ose in one of its pamphlets for soldiers) regarding the past war plans and in particular regarding agri cultural derelopment and change The granting of land and of concessions has been dealt with in the report of the Agriculture gab-committee It is to be desired that all those demobilized should if possible receive land and have the paid and responsibilitr of & stake in the coantry eren of the themeelres do not work on the land The granting of Land however will be quite fatile anles condicions of tenancy csa be sa changel that a mia has the sense of secunty without wbuch he cannot be espected to develop the land-by the planting of orchards for example This matter has been referred to also ma the report of the Health and Vatntion Sab-Committee Should there be a canaderable body of men that cannot immediately be provided for in the ways suggested above thes may be employed in the most urgentis necessary public works The report of the ladatnes Sub-Committze has dwelt on the necessity of embarking immediately upon a planned programme This af road making both metalled and unmetalled wada in itself needs re-emphasuing here Commanications sre in & most elementary state and their improvement B essential not merely to agricultural and iadastral derelopment but to progress in every sphare All roads should be made and financed by the State, bs trans of loans f necessary, and thu will make easier the employraent of ex far-emp opees on this work. Bat great cats must be taken to arod the employment in road labourer & work and other work of a purely phyical ebaracter of men possessing or competent to acquire some kind of skill, muce it dalk noch capacity There sa striking lack of cartu, and slegriation is theu prodaction Some might turn to thu loinng aal other village construction also moat 2 ·Their Even before demobilization, however, the problem of their Employment and Training peace omployment must be dealt with as far as possible. It is necessary to preparo at once a census of all soldiers enlisted from the State (whether in the Jaipur forces or in others), with their former employments and their qualifications. Information can be obtained from the enlisting authorities and the homes of tho men. A tonative schedule of suitable employment can bo propared with these data. Immedintely after demobilization, nnd in many cases before it, adrico can bo giren and the decisions of the inen obtained. As many of them as possible may be fitted into the State's schone of agricultural roncessions and assistance, industrial development, and public works. Many of the men who hitherto have been ongaged in agricnlture will now prefor industrial or other work not on the land, and many others will lnve had no experienco pointing in any particular direction. In such cases there will be a special necessity for intersiewing, assessing capacity, and advising accordingly. There innst be an Employmont Burcauor Officer maintain. ing a comploto register of demobilizod war employees, roadily available for consultation. He must be completely aware of all opening in both government and privato cmployment; and not simply waiting to be consulted but constantly activo in investigation of what lins ha nod to tho men and in presenting their claims to industrial and other omployers, who also should report vacancies to him It rould be an immense advantago if arrangements for rarious kinds of training classes could be perfected boforo tło ar ends. The Army Amenitics Dopartmont is doing its best to provide the mon trith practical knowlodge related to peace time employment, and the cffect of this attoinpt will be felt; but & short concentrated course of instruction after domobilization will, in thio case of many occupations including agriculture, bo necessary iſ the start or ro-start of tho mon is to fulfil the possibilities of the time. Thero nro industrial jobs which aro to be learnt satisfactorily by a man as he goes along, but in many cases skilled labour should have some training beforo.

·possible also to get educated tromea together for this purpose. It is casy to depreciate the need for information and discussion, for krtborto eren the educated public has, on the whole, been but sets laterested in the dorelopment of the resources of the State But it will be found, as time goes on, that nothing is moro raluablo than a sell informed and constructiro and erea coccical public opinion in suggesting teris100 in vaiversity education to hire had this la ricw, but it is possible to take other steps immediately to promote general interest and discus4108 4 Machwery for Economic Planning Detelopment in any sphero is conditioned by economic considerations, and economic improvement is atself the aim of most dorolopment proposals It 19 necessary therefore that both now and permanently Government should have tho assistance of body of economic advisory The need for an Economic Advisory Council hos long been recognized. In 1928 to establishment of such bodies was recommended by the League of Nations, and they have been established in Great Britain and other European countries In Indis Sir Arthur Salter, Director of the Economic and Financial Section of the Lcagu of Nations, in bus schemo submitted to the Govern rent of India jo 1931, suggested tho establshop nt of Buch bodies both at the contra and in the provinces, and Sir I Vestesya saiya has persustently adsocated this as esecntial to any satu factory economic planning. It is desirablo to have a very small expert staff of Santa mula and statisticians contiguously employed in the coletico and anals 118 of morzestion relating to industries, marketing favour co-operation, industrial and rural arenee transport And csery other branch of derclopment work. LS malutain a regular statistical service arailable to presenten fif193 a3 tell as to Coretament It will le s'est normale Gorernucnt on all technical economic Este es mit nomic legulation A larget Council, adrwed by azid stali, could also be useful It Follow “ ·( 10 ) urgently necessaryo-might for many be a suitable employment, temporary or permanent, and there will also be considerable demand for the erection of large public buildings,--schools, for example It need hardly be said that satisfactory war servico bhould constituts a strong claim for appointment to posts for which a min 13 also qualified others ise, though this of courso should never be so applied as to diminish efficiency It us for tho consi deration of Government whether posts for which war-employcos Are lhely to be suited should in the moantime be filled only temporarily It is always to bo kept in mind that men in the army have rendered to the country & service without which all freedom would have been lost for centuries, and that they have faced the hazard of disablement and death There aro quite a number of Jaipurjans who have bocome var technicians They not merely requro consideration in view of their service but will be of special uso to tho Stato Great care should bo e corcisod in directing them to the employment where thoy may be most useful, and in providing them with specialized training whero it is necessary 3 Public Information and Discussion It is desirable to use all pose ble moins of awakening public interest in the post war problems that are now boing consi dered, and to malo known, not only to tho domobilized but to the people in goneral, the plans approve { by Gosenmont We need, for crample, & form of Newslettor that fall bo intelligible to all who are literate, which would, inc dentally, be of great servico in conserving Interacy Discussion on al levels should bo stimulated, but particularly among ell cdu cated people in colleges and schools there should be discus sion groups which should include pupils as well as teachers, and systematic addresses should also bo given for the convoying of information and the sctting out of points for discussion There should bo citizens groups in shich teachers would play a part no doubt, but educated men in otlior alle or ufo It should bo Bhould be tacouraged to take ibo lead in theso ·(11) possible also to get educated romen together for this purpose, It is easy to depreciate the need for iaformation and discus3100, for bitherto eren the educated public has, on the whole, been but little latcrested in the derelopment of the resources of the State But it will be found, as time goes ou, that nothing 19 more valuable than & trell informed and constructive and oren critical public aplauan Ia suggesting terision in university edu. cation to have had thu in view, but it is pocable to tako other steps immediately to promote general interest and discussion 4 Machuery for EconomLc Planding Derelopment in any sphers in conditioned by economic comederations, and economic improvement 13 itself the aim of most development proposals It us necessary therefore that both now epi permanently Government should have tbe as3stance of a body of economic advisors The need for an Economic Advisory Council has long been recognized In 1928 the establishment of such bodies Fas recommended by the League of Nations and they have been established in Great Bntau and other Europea conatries In India Sir Arthur Salter, Director of the Economic and Financsal Section of the League of Nations, in his scbemas submitted to the Govern rent of Inda in 2031, suggested the establesům-nt of such bodies both at the centro and in the provinces, and Sir DI Visvestra raiya has persistentis advocated this as essential to any satis factory economic planning It is desirable to have a Tery small expert staff of econo muests and statisticians, continpously employed in the collection and analy81 of information relating to industries, agriculture, marketing, labour, cooperation, industna) and rural finance, transport and every other branch of derelopment work It can saratsi s regular statistical service stailable to private enter prise as well as to Gorernment It will be able to advise Goserament on all technical economic matters including eco momke legulation larger Cousel, adrked bs and including the small expert stall, would also be useful It would be presided ones by a ·(12) On Terms of Rofcrence minister, and would include the heads of all departments in the State and also non official ropresentatives of industry, commerce, finance and possibly otlier branches Such a bodr, compotent on the oconomic side and also compotont to judge every aspect of each problem, could both consider and initiate der elog mont proposals, and wonld be invaluable in the co ordinntion of policy It would have the great advantage too of bringing togethor, for discussion and agreement, intercsts which otherwise might conflict, and through it unofficial experience, judgment and enterprise might play an important part in derelopment While its functions would be purely advisory, the conclusions at which it arried by goneral agreemont would naturally laro grent weight with Government Section C Agriculture 1 This Committco has been asked to roport problems relating to post war reconstruction with particular reference to tho question of finding employment for thoso subjects of His Highness nou engaged on wr duties who are likely to return to civil employment after tho cessation of hostilities In particular, this sub committco is concorned with the question as to how ngricultural production in tho the State can bo increased (a) by the des elopment of nigation facilities both by tanks and tells (6) by tho use of improved ngricultural mothods, (c) througli schemes for crop planning suited to local needs, (d) by the adoption of methods of co operativo forming It is concerned also with other methods by luchtlic health and cconomic condition of the agriculturist inay bo bottered Tho Sul committee lins also been requested to go ils attention to the problems of soil orasion and to mnhe recommendations for the developnicnt and proper utilization of forests in tho Stato ·( 15 ) Whilo this Sub-Committed recognises its special Scapo of Enquiry responsibility in respect of findmg occupation for demobilized soldiers it cannot lose sight of the fact that the probleins raued aro of a general nature and must be treated on a wider b3818 than that of findiag employment for soldiers alone 3 It 29 necessary if full use 19 to made of the resources Object ras ignca en of the State that there should be deliberato plan for developing rules our agricultural production and it is the opinion of this Sab Coinmitteo that we should prepare a plan for a definite period tay fre years during which necessary changes should be introduced on the lines indicated belo's The nature of these changes 25 no doubt open to discussion Lut o mag adopt tentatively certain suggestions made by the International Food Conferenco recently held in US $ These suggestions are likely to find general acceptancc crea though in detail they will need many modifications to adapt them to local conditions and the special problems of the State They may be classed under four main heads (*) In the Post Iar period there should be planned increase in agricultural production in order to meet minimum food requrements The creaced cultura tion of cereals should han fira productio: makiaga e milk ww ws and ruts Adequate attention must also be given to the development of commercial crops but this should not be allowed to curtail food production unduly () Adequate production should be maintained by securing for producers fair prices for their com molities If agricultural production is to he perma Bentley proposed whe necessary and by Stato encouragement througlu u LoL subsidies where marhatmg societies which will enable the cultivator to obtain a fair return for his produce ( To mucrease agricultural production new lands must be brought under cultivation by the grant of all conccselong required to ensure that suitable land will be taken up and cultivated 6 of prices ·Sono Facts about Agriculturo in the State con in (d) It is also necossary that sido by side with the alrease in agricultural production there should bo dorel opment of agricultural industries ind subsidiary occupations suited to orch zrca Iyo consider that, where possiblo esperiments should bo mado in the preparation of dehydrated and canned goods for which a considerable markot orists Cortain tentativo suggestions are mado bolor in regard to somo lines on which dorelopmont mry be sought 4 Broadly speaking the main difficulty in regard to tlo development of agriculturo in the Stato is tho inadequacy and uncertainty of rainfall The average rainfall does nos exceed 20 inches a year, and over more than half of the Stato it is below 15 inches The availablo irrigated land in the Khalsu nrer is loss than 3,40 000 bighas and it scoms unlikely that this figure short period bo greatly increased It is c'err, theroforo, that apart from tho ortongion of irrigation facilties, the fold for which is limited, the only form of agriculture which 19 feasiblo 13 dry farming Tho tablo below gires figures for the Khalsa area of the actual aror cultivated and the area aralable for cultivation and also of thio plouglis and tho plough cattle Bighas l'otal hhnisa arca 46,70 568 Arca under cultivation 17 26 252 Irrigated arcı 3,40,008 Umrrigated arca 13 85 244 Cultivablo fallos (orcluding tho now fallow 13,98,581 under occupation) Number of ploughs in tho Khals i area 1 38 764 Number of plough cattio do 1 75 82U It will be seen that an aren of 13 08 531* bighine 13 available for extension of cultivation and wo consider that it should be the main aim of our polics to bring ny much of th19 aron as possible under cultiration within tho next firojcars Ths ortension of the area under cultisition involsce, ainong other problems that of shortage of favour, and also to *This estimato is only approximate Vido Arreodlı C. Capital Negoutt to ents ·( 15 ) an almost equalerteat, that of shortage of ploughing implements and cattle Assuming that a pair of bullocks and a plough can deal with 16 biglas of land, the equipment roquired to bring the whole of this culturable waste m the Khalsaren vader cultiration could be about 93,000 ploughs and 1,80,000 ploughing cattle These requirements hare to be provided for almost in toto, 29 the exsting stock of ploughs is only 1,38,754 and that of ploughing cattle 4,76,822, learzag hardly ADG Surplus for new cultivation Assuming that a ploughi costa R 20 and each pair of bullochs Rs 100, the total capital roquired to ensure this extension would come to kg 2,56,51,100 This capital has to be provided mainly by prirate finance, and the grant of land for cultivation may be made conditional upon tao person concerned finding the necessary capital for agricul tural icaplements, ploagh cattle, etc In special cases the Stato may provide the necessary capital, by direct grants or through Taqarı or co operative finance On the whole we consider that it is not an impossible task to bring under cultivation within the next five years the grcator portion of the available cultivable area We consider the place of agriculture in tho State's economy so important that should not shrink from the hearit esponsibilities włach such a plan ronid undoubtedly involve 8 Land may be given to any one willing to settle Propos on it enber for the purpose of cultivating it limself or getting Durpose land st culturated by bus relatives, servants or sub tenants and he should have therein the tenure of heritable tenancy, to be cojoged 1) rent free for the first 10 years, for at half the orduarg rate of rent payable for landa of similar quality for the rest of his life and for the life of his legitimate sons surviving him, or should be lerro na legitimate sons, then for the lures of such legitimate grandsons that 1, legitimate song of lius predeceased legitimate 1088, 89 mas currins him, ·Somo Facts about Agriculturo 10 the State can in 1 (d) It is also necessary that side by side with the increase in agricultural production there should be dorel opment of agricultural industries and subsidiary occupations suited to onch area Wo consider that, vhero possible, orperiments should bo mado in the preparation of dehydrated and canned goods, for which a considerablo markot exists Certain tentativo suggestions are made boloty in regard to como lincs on which derelopment may bo sought 4 Broadly speaking the mun difficulty in regard to tho development of agriculturo in the Stato is tho inadequncy and uncertainty of rainfall Tho average rainfalt does not oxceed 20 inches & joar, and over more than half of tho Stato at is below 15 inches The availablo irrigated land in tho Khalen area 19 less than 3,40,000 bighns and it scoms unlikely that thus figura short porod bo greatly 1acre used It is c'err, thoroforo, that aprrt from tho ortonsion of errigation facilities, the ficld for mich 13 limited, the only form of Agriculturo shich is feasiblo is dry farming Tho tablo belon gires figures, for tho Khalsa area, of tho actual nrer cultirated and the area available for cultivation, and also of tho plouglis and tho plough cattle Bigues. Total Khalsa arca 46,70,508 Aren under cultivation 17,25,252 Irrigated area 3,10,008 Unirigated arca 13,85,24+ Cultırablo ſallon (crcludmg the now fallon 13,98,581 under occupation) Number of plouglis in the Kials i arca 1,38,761 Number of plough cattle do 175,822 It will be scon that is Ore 1 of 13,93 591* bigh14 18 available for extension of cultivation and wo consider that it should bo tlo main aim of our policy to bring as imuch of the urci as possible under cultiration stinn thio next five years This extension of the arc? undor cultitation molsce, ainong other probloms that of sbortigo of labour, and also, to This estimate is only approximate Vide Arpeadir Capital Requiremcats ·calonists This will enable them to carry into their peacetimo lifo some of that esprit d, 1097 mbich 3 Bo Taluable a part of those kar time training It will also make it easier to introduce co operative and collective methods of farming 'The provision of social amenities is of very great importance 8 th hile the grant of isnd to demobilized soldiers is very Grant of neces43ty and they should be gusca th right of the first refusa) clara. of lands available, the Sab committee considers that since sacreased agricoltural prodaction also to be aimed at, land not required by soldiers slıould be granted on similar terms to crilians also, particularly to cducated unemployed persons ulo may be willing to cultivate the land or to get it cultivated by their relatires, servants or sub tenants 9 Thus work of setthog soldiers and others on land Colonization Officht can be undertaken successfully and ia timo only if all the neceagary preparation 19 made before the end of the war seems necessary, therefore, to appoint a land colonization ollicer to whom the work of carrying out the preliminary ifrestigations and planning for the contemplated agriculture settlements should be entrusted He should be aeled to inseedigate, among other natters, the arer of cultivable fund available litt erch village or tehsal,* its distance from the nearest rarlway station, the kind of soil available faccording to revenue classification), the prevailing rules of rent for such land, and whether or not irrigation facilities are provided including information regarding the level of the Bub soul -ster, etc The same oificer may Blso be entrusted with the daty of planning these settlements, beeping in vier the many recommendations made in this report concering agricultural derelopment and organization 10 It has been brought to our notice that tenancy con. Tenancy ditions compare unfaroucable with those in the Adjoumng Conditions. British Indian Provines, and it is necesary to improve con ditions of securty and tonu e 80 to stimulate greater interest in his tands on the part of the cultivator Waererer conditions pirmit, erety effort should be mixation made for the sinking of non trells and the repairing of old Power Apple tarihten & ·( 18 ) 7 Quotes for the Grant of Lan! (rr) and after these successite lines at the orde rept payable for land of similar quality (6) For nor settiers on Innd concessions may bo given regard to rent, etc, similar to those mentioned helor in paragraplı on irrigation (Para 11 ) The preliminary prepiration of new land for purposes cultivation is often a matter of expense for the agriculturi particularly in regard to ierolling and the first plouglu This latter item of work can be dono bettor and moro cheaj with the holp of tractors We therefore recommond that Agricultural Department should maintain a fer tractors, a make them arailable for tho first ploughing, for bro chary syluich shou'd be as small as possible Wo suggest that grant of land might bo mide ont basis of tho following figures for durerent ranks VCOs and Sepoys in the Jaipur State Torces or the Indian Army 00 bight Officers in the Jaipur State Forces or holding Viceroy & Commission 80 State Oficers or tl10ne holding King Commision 120 It would nppear that, cscept in respect of new irrigati works no Chahia land is availnble and even in regard to th vorhs, most of the land to be brought under irrigation alreads under prosato holding for this reason, tho recoi mondations are confinod in the main to Baronit Innd Assumi thint the net overige return from a bigbn of Baranı land wou bo Rs 107, the approximate art incopo front ho lond Buggest would be as folloss Rs XCOs and Soposs COU) Ind an Officers 800 State Officers 1,300 As far as possiblo, tho gmnt of this land mas bo nada 1 large cont guous blocks so that tho holders mag lito together 91 > • Chakr landetrigated land Boranı land-unitigated lead : Vide & ppeodis D ·famines in es arid though fertile tract Tho need for tho extension of irrigation facilities us from every point of view most pressing and no consider that no espenditure should be spared in achieving this as rapidly as is technically feasible There should be a detailed scheme of crop planning Food Crop clesigned to secure the maximum agricultural production and the optimum distribution of area between food and non food crops With regard to food production to endorso the suggestion of the Natrition Sub committee that the Cosernment shonld hare a permanent food policy and 8 committee to consider detalls of planned food production Such a food policy should aim mainly at two things, 4.5 suggested by the International Food Conference Firstly, in the inmediato post tras pened there is likely to be a general shortage of cereals and it should be the aim of governments to plan for this contingency In Jaipur, 18 Perhaps za overy other part of India there 13 shortage of food in relation to the need for it and the aim of the Government should be to provide for this need by extending the arca under cultivat oa of such cereals as wheat and barley starchy foods 1 ko potatoes and mullets ke bajra and maize In course of time tha Gorerament should also attempt to increase the pro duction of protective foods like milk fruit vegetables and pulses accordmg to a well formulated plan brought into effect by Bustained and rigorous propaganda as well as by direct Gorernment agenstance whenever required In the matter of planning for food production we mas parhape make & distinction between immediate and ultimate objects Immediately it ahould be the aim of the Government to provide for as much food production 89 18 practicable With A Fier to making the Stato e nearly sell-suficient 43 possible This is mapply Pro mution against the recurrence in the post Far Borld of difficulties of transport etc lieb will prerent our importing the food we require for our immediato needs In the long run, horrerer it is desirable that the economy of India as a whole aliould be taken into account And and should be devoted to 4 1 23 ·ones (18) A special survey may be camned out by the Irrigation Department and selection mado of the existing pucca trells godas etc which require reprors that can be effected in thio next five years If the repairs or construction cannot be carried out by the culturator bimself, cren with the help of Tagar: loans, the Irrigation Department should itself under tako the work The view has, harrerer, been expressed before us that it is much more economical for the construction of tells to be left in private hands than for it to be undertaken by government department There seems to be need for some publicity to bring home to tlic cultivators the hborni concess ions in rent already available for the construction of net irri gation works or tho improrement of thoso nlready oxyeting and for bringing fallon Innds under cultivation, as thero is reason to believe that insufficient advantago is being taken of them In the opinon of tho Sub committee Gorcrnment might act Aside erory Forr, for the next five years, a sum of Rs 2 Inklis for tho repair of old wells and the construction of new ones This allotment should bo in addition to tho nllotments that are usually made for lagari purposes and should be funded 50 that unspent balances do not lapec It may also be desirable to gire, for the next five years, Tagant loans for this purpose free of all interest Besides thus, permission may be readily giren to remoso wood from forosts or clsen hero for the construction of wells or for other long side product 10 requirements of agri culturists Tho Irrigation Department might giro technical advice regarding construction of trella ete free of charge parti cularly in regard to the construction of Ahain wells in tirer beds or other lon is ing arcns According to a noto (Appendix C) handly propared for thus Committco by the Chef Fngineer for Irrigation it would appear ihnt there 19 act pe for bringing under cultivation orer 43 000 bigling of land in the near future 13 also pointed out that investigation in rocal further scopo for oxtending tho arez under irrigation llo lase to add that the extension of Irrigation facilities in a state bil o Janmr should not be judged by whether or not thics aro pirulductivo under takings They should be tindertaken as protectiro cxpendi ture" winch 14 necesay77 ne the best muranet against periaal ·famincs m an arid, though fertile, tract The need for the extension of stsgation facilities 13 from every point of view Dost pressing and we consider that no expenditur should be spared in achieving this as rapidly 23 13 techmeally feasible Thero should be a detailed scheme of crop planng, Food Cropdesigned to gosure the manmum agricultural production and the optimum distrbution of area between food and non food crops With regard to food production, wo endorse the suggestion of the Nutrition Sub committee that the Gorernment should have a permanent food policy and & committee to consider details of planacd food production Such a food policy should aim mainly at two thingy, a$ suggested by the International Food Conference Firstly, in the immedute post war period there 29 Iskely to be & general shortage af mereals, and it should be the aim of governments to plan for thus contingency In Jaipur, 25 perhaps in every other part of India, there is shortage of food in relation to the need for it, and the aim of the Government should bo to provide for this need by extending the area under cultirat on of such cereals as wheat and barley, starchy foods bilo potatoes and millets like bajra and maize In course of time, the Goremment should also attempt to increase the pro duction of protective foods like milk, fruit, vegetables and pulses, according to a well formulated plat brought into effect by sustained and vigorous propagande as Tell as by direct Coremment assistance thenever required In the matter of plapping for food production wo mas, perhaps make a distinction between mediate and ultimate objectives Immediately, it should be the aun of the Ciorernment to provide for As much food production as 13 practicable tith A riek to making the State Altullicient as possible as nearly This is thaisly pre caglion against the tecurrence 33 the post war world of dificuitics of transport, etc which will prevent our importing the food we require for our immediata seeds howerer it a desirable that the economy of India as a whole shock Le calea mto account, and land should be devoted to In the long run, ·( 18 ) opes A special survey may be camed out by the Imngation Department and selection raade of the existing pucca well nadas etc which requiro repurs that can be effected in the next fire years If the repairs or construction cannot be carried out by the cultivator himself, eren with the help of Tagar loins, the Irrigation Department should itself under taho the work The vier has, hotorer, been expressed before is that it is much more economical for the construction of wells to be left in prirate hands than for it to be undertaken by a gorerament department There seems to be need for some publicity to bring home to the cultivators the liberal concess sons in rent already available for the construction of new im gation worhs or the improvement of thoso already existing and for bringing fallow lands under cultivation, as thero is reason to behere that insufficient advantago 13 being talen of them In the opinion of the Sub committee, Gorernment might set asido erory year, for the next five years, a sum of Rs 2118hs for tho repair of old wells and tho construction of new ones This allotment should bo in addition to the allotments that are usually made for Taqarı purposes and should be funded 60 that unspent balances do not lapsc It may also be desirable to gise for the next five scars Tagari loans for this purpose frec of all interest Besides the permission may br readily giren to remoto wood from forests or clscaliere for tho construction of trolls or for other lona fide product se requirements of agri culturists The Irrigation Department might giro technical advice regarding construction of wells etc free of charge, partı cularly in regard to the construction of thom ells in riser beds or other low lying areas According to a noto (Appendur L) hindly prepared for the Committed by the Chief Engineer for Irrigation it would appear that there is sc pe for fringing under cultiration over 43 000 bigh84 of land in the dienr future It is also pointed out that investigation mas rovent further scopo for extending tho arcunder irrigation the extension of irrigntion facilities in a state lihe Jarpur should not be judged by n liether or not they are for luctho under talinge They should be undertaken as ture" nich is neccesary ng the lost inauitanit ng sinut periodical llo base to add that protective appendı ·in lizers B3 ratber dificult because they are pot suited to local The local cultivator cannot conditions and are not economical afford there and in any case it would appear that the minutes best susted to the soul in Jaipur Stato are green manure, compost and bone char The use of imported varieties of simple agru cultural implements vluch have proved spccessful should, doserer, be made more general In order to help agriculture as much as possible, wo also suggest the production of agricule tural implements within the State, if possible through the organization of a State trorkshop, and their sale at cost price For this purpose cooperation between the Departments of Agriculture and Industries and Commerce la neressary, and wo consider dlsat the matter is apportant enough to be dealt with try a special comauttee on kuich both departments j]} bo represented 15 llevare lccr raformed tant large scale power farming with the help of agricultural machinery cannot be undertalen except in rery special circumstances lucha hold over a very lizated area of the State Further, on this inatter there is some difference of opimion Wine rt 15 recognized that in special circumstances there are undoubted adrantages in the ice of tractors it has beca pointed cut that w the esisting conditions with numerous small holding their use may not in many places, We practicable, and it may also read to incitase agricultural unemployment If ca operatuse methods of farming Provo snc cessful then the introduction of tractors may be desirable 1 or this reason wo are of opinion that if there are to be some newly settled agricultural colonies or model villages orgnized for cooperaturo farming colonista may be assisted in acquiring tractors and usag tropi esperimentall The experience gained be used later in other kullancs 16 Ile mercastog of agricultural production and the im {ruimg of the economic condition of the agriculturists ate, to a sess largo extent, bound up with the quality and number of thelt lite stock Litto attention sceus to bare been gren to this problem, particularly to cattle breeding and fodder supply from three cxnerunents nar ·(20) guch types of cultivation as will bring in the largest returns, irrespective of whether this is dene by the cultivation of food or non food crops In regard to the choice of food crops nbich need special oncouragement, we find ourselves in agreement with tho suggestions made by the Nutrition Sub committed and would refer to the reconimendations made in its report In regard to non food crops, consideration may bo grien to the cultivation of fodder crops, cspecially younr, gouar, carrots and lucerne, and also loong and alm in suitablo arcae Other crops suggested ore sugarcane, groundnut, cuminsced and long staple and medium staple cotton Wo understand, however, that it will not bo posible to extend the arct of sugarcane to any great citent becau e of thc inadequacy of irrigation Cultivation of segotivies on the lines suggested by tho Nutrition Sub committee may also bo undertaken 13 Regarding crop planning vo regret that it has not beon possible for us to male dotarled intestigations and recon mondations of a moro concreto character This has been duc to tho inadequacy of statistical information and wo would incidentally suggest thint stops abonld be tahen as carly ag possible, to complo preliminary statistical data with rogard to ncrengo of different crops and to obtain at least rough estimates regarding crop gielda etc, on the lires of the statistics pub lislcd by the Government of India We would also proposo thint the work of crop pinunmg inay be assisted by offering direct subsidics or by indirect encouragement like the main tenance of prices lor crops ihrels are to be discouraged x discriminating rescnuo also bo considered Assistance may also be given by the ficc supply of seeds in tho first instance, is the offering of the advice and log supplying cheap tu plements 14 To improro crop stritti tlie uit luction of quality reeds should be cffected through village punchants and co opcratise societies Ilheres er po-sule the distribution of NCty seeds free of cost at least in the case ifaume the crops should be undertaken The vec of imported sarittice of furto Appendix 1 no es mcnt M ·lands, for the purpose of growing purely fodder crops. Thurdly, it most important to arrange for proper conservation in trdes nhen fodder supply 19 abundant There 19 cortamiy a great deal of waste ja the use of fodder at such times, and to rectify this the habit of building up fodder reserses 17 years of good rainfall should be dereloped To this end, we suggest that there should be State fodder reserves, of possible onc in cach Tehsil If this is not possible in all tle Tchsils, they may be maintained at least in the Tehsils of Moazzamabad, Chalsa, Malpura, Nurai and a portion of subject to be helpel BusinQIR its own folder reserve, managed by the village punclajat, and brrangements may be made througlu some kind of cooperatire management for maintaining reserves of fodder for at least one year's use We attach considerable importance to the last of these proposals, and would recommend that a beginning should be made with this scheme without delay + The protection of pcople, stock and land from the ravages of wild animals 29 of great importance Tresh cultivation may bolundered by this danger 17 In addition to the specific improvements sugg ated above, the improrement of agricultural organization through n rigorotza co operntire movement seems to be necessary, and its the res of this Committee that rural co operation may well be used as "the chief ostrument for rural reconstruc tion" But it is deelrable to avoid the mistakes com mitted in tho organization of the cooperatite movement 10 other parts of India ile feel strongly that the starting of co-operating activity at the credit end by the creation of pocieties for tho purposo of money lesuros, bas rendered difficult the realization by the agriculturist in general of the true spirit And purpose of cooperative activity We are not arerset the starting of credit co-operation, but it 15 our considered vies ibat al co-operation 9 to be truly understood, a begions • Alcaide Aprendito ·(22) The production of quality cittle should be carofully planned ind for this purpose work of the kind that is being donc be the Rishab Sadhar Mandal at Pilanı may be undertaken with State assistance This association aims at the maintenanco of a cattle farm, and the sale or gift of stud bulls to villagers who undertake to follow certain instructions for maintaining tho purity of the breed of cattle A strihing orample of tho ralue to a silnge of breeding from fino cattle is to be found in the Sikar villago of Khun There are already two hundred descendants of the stud bull and tho pride of the villagers 10 these and their economic improvement are equally notable The State should maintain centres of its own similar to and on a larger scalo than those muntamed by the Mandal at Pilanı We understand that the toll taken by cattlo discuses 13 very heavy and that measures criating at present for proven tion and cura aro very snadequato Wo consider that the loss suffered by agriculturists by the promitur death of their cattle 13 v cry serious and the Governinant should undertake without dolny all musuroi ngrossary for the provontion loro possible of theso dugnises anů for prompt and a loquato attention when opidemics breah out Ilus will involvo 1 considerable incre 140 in the Statos veterinary services but thus necd must bo faced This derelopunent is cleminded by the needs of other animals alo--for instance horsex camels alieep goats and doma and tlicro should be in os cry tounsillo seterinary oficer with enough ceport assistance to malo pogablo care for outlying pinccs also With regard to the fodder problem one RpXunt featuro in thuis Stnte is that thicro 14 grert variation i fod lor supply between different settons of the year and also buneen years when tlic rainfall 19 good and those in whulith 1139 m 19 results in thic denth of cattle of Aluge ste luring rers of folder scarcits to ascit theo periodical duistern, we reconncn i tho ortension of the forest ares, particularly in places whero rainfall 18 compariusely lon, though the can only rers martialls role the problem Sorani) 15, lands in cach village may be specially set asido as praturo (1 (IICa uro ·(23) lands, for the purpose of growing purely fodder crops T?urdis. it most important to arrange for proper conservation m times when fodder supply 13 abandant There 1 cartainly A great deal of reste in the use of fodder at such times, and to rectify this the habit of building up fodder reserves in fears of good rainfall should be developed To this end ve suggest that there should be Stats fodder regerres, of possible one in cach Tehsil If this is not possible in all the Tebesls, they may be maintained at least in the Tehsils of Moazzamabad, Chaksu, Malpura, Nurai and a portion of Sawar Jaipwr, as there are arras which are particularly subject to fodder scarcity Fourthiy, cach pillage should bc helped to maintain 318 own fodder reserse, managed by the riage punchayat and arrangements may be made through conac Mac o co opcrature management for maintaining reserves ol lodder for at least one years use Ye attach considerable importance to the last of these proposals and would recommend that a beginning should be made with this scheme without delay * The protection of people stock and land from the rayages of wild animals is of great importance Fresh cultivation may le lundered by the danger In addition to the specific improrements sugg sted Rs ahore the improrement of agricultural organization through A vigorous cooperative morement scems to be necessary, and lo 13 the vies of the Committee that rural co operation may well bo pued as the chief instrument for rural reconstruc tion But 14 13 desirable to Aroid tbe mistakes com mitted in the organization of the cooperative movement in other parts of India lle feel strongls that the starting of co-operatie actints at the credit end by the creation of Boxieties for tho purpose of money lenuing, has rendered difficult tio realization by the agriculturist in general of the true spurt And purpose of cooperatiro actitts We are not arene to the starting of credit co-operation, but it is our considered new that if operation is to be truly understood, a beginning Alerde AfrodzQ ·( 24 ) 13 we should be made with non credit co operative societies lle nould also suggest that before lannelung tho to opemfire movement, particularly in rural are78, there in need for plia ning the details and for enrefully training the personnel af te Cooperatie Department The Registrar of Computatite Societies and a staff of inspectors should be adequatel trand at co operatie institutions in British India 18 One of the most usoful channels for the energies of thic co operatie morement thint of co operatire marketing In the marketing of agricultural produce in Jaipur, 19 in most other places to diference between the price paid by tho consumer and that recerc by the producer 19 anduls large If the Government could do any thing to clinunate the middleman and his agents, this might add from 15 to 20 per cent to the incomo of agrion! turists Varheting Societies started in other parts of India huso been of great 19913tanco both to the agriculturist and to rural artisans and reconimend that steps should be taken to les clop tır cooperative narketing moscmcnt in the Stato There should also be a State marketing departmrut the nuts of Black would be to study tho marketing onditions the possibility of des cloming marhets rius epirtment would ulicreier pros alle, vo operato in the marketing departments of the Government of India and theme of the prosincog and other atates. It would be advisable to maintain at important centres Stato link terataic 2000ts warehousca, and arrangements may be made for alle prug warehouse receipts As sccurity for the advancing of linunue to the agneulturist by co operativo socictics or banke Rural cooperation may alan bi dol spoil in the case of subsidiaries like dairying fodder, production nf inol ind puro lasing 0 HL nnii implements 20 We nou suggest tho marting 16 flrated centres, of grultural Tliece aciclice fjuanco tlic prolitus or Or ittle breeding upply of w operators multi plitpur societies ·(25) 89 consumption needs of the agriculturist, supply his seed, manuro and implepleats, tale orer his marketing, and 103 thug may tackle all kis problems through one single agency There is much to commend this form of co oper ation Yach good tork on the basis of these societies has been done in the VP, and that experience may be usefulls borrowed by us But as in the other aspects of co operatise actirits, we cannot too strongly emphasize the need for quality rather than quantity, and we should prefer a fer societies which work efficiently to a large number of bad ones Finance for 2 The financing of the cooperative morement will have Co-operato be greatly assisted by the State for this purpose at may 1200 be desirable to rave finance through the flotation of debentures 29 With regard to credit societies, we are in favour of Rural Debt Legislation of deferring them to a later stage In the meanthile, how crer, rural credit needs cannot altogether be neglacted As for the requirements of easonal finance, for the time being moncy leadec finance must no doubt continue to provide these But money lender finance u subject here as elsewhere, to certain defects which need to be remedies There is a good imal olaroidable unfairners in dealings between money lenders and village agriculturists The money lenders rate of interest u too high he forces his cheats to write a bond for larger bums that what are given, he often realizes & years interest in advance without treating it as actually received, and it is A common practice to compound interest with the principal after some time and ask for a fresh bond for the new amount 1'ractices of this character should be eradicated as rapidly as possible, and the adoption of rural debt legislation on the lines of shat has been done in some of the provinces in recent times and its rigorous cnlorcement seems to be urgently called for As a help in the solution of the rural debt problem we also recommend that the control on social estavagancs introduced during war time may be continged in the post war period Anther useful suggestion that has come to us in Rural Credit the connection for the starting of bidhis or indigenous dies. ubrough + ·( 26 ) banks on tho lines of similar institutions working in the Madras Presidency According to the Vidhis system, the members pool their savings or fired monthly instalmente crers month Lots are drawn and the month's pool is taken by ono member This is a form of siving which is independent of tho sccunts furnished by tho membors of the society individually or collec tively It may be used, and has been used in tho Vadrus Presidency, to provide short term agricultural capital This esperience muy bo heipful to Jaipur 24 Co operation may also bo used for tho purpose of consolidation of holdings and tho elimination of fragmentation No precise figurcs are availablo but there are indications that the oril of sulidit ision of holdings orists on a fassig sido scale in the Stato and any considerablo incrc1s0 in agricultural production cannot be achiored without consolidation In most cases such schomies aro remunerative and thero no question of paymont of promiums by tho mom bors of the socicty It is possible, however that costs of consolidation may, for somo timo 12310 to be met by the Government, and the actual vorh of consolidation of holdings may knro to le Larried througir under Gorernment superi ision after the nocovery logulation has been critev in that caso the expendituro incurred by the Government can be treated ng a loan given to tho sacicly repuyable in a prescribed number of instal incnts shich can be recurored with the lind rorenuo of tho members concerned It would be in udisabilo in viour of the to un test the too leary programme of consolidation of holding, at once Tho suggestion therefore, 13 mrdo that crpcrmuents should be tuc 11 (no or to Nizamats and the seleme 17 a luille ostea led i uthors in the light of experience gained Co opertue farining in the present circumstances 13 not very rasy to undertaho owing to the litera y of this their complctolik regarding co opomtion and in ricir of certain orlo sgranan tcnincs, ote conditione mrlating to vols lo many difficulties 1 agriculturists and f nowledge This can ·and soul (27) thought of at a later stago, but, in the meanwhile, attempts may be made in one or two places norly brought under caltssation to organize sıllages on the principle of cooperative firming This may be best undertaken if it 19 possible to selost for these colonies å feir educated mea as settlers, and grants of land may be made to them on the specific understanding that the lands will be cultivated co operatively. If this could be donc, it might be possible to introduce side by Bide mtb co-operatire farming power farming inrolsing the Such uc of tractors and other agricultural machunery esperiments would sorte a double purposem-first as models for other colomcs and villages, and second es valuable experiments on which futuro practice may be based 20 Tho inadequacy of forests at present seeros to need forestations Brgent attention in the net Khalsz arca of 4,657 square Erosion milcs the arca ander forests is only 343 square miles, which mast but considered grossly inadequate Eren the area is more or less concentrated in one place, learing the larger part of the Stato denudcd of forests The derelopment of forests is necessary both for providing reserves of food and fuel and for preventing 1soil erosion and lacreasing the prospects of rainfall Further, this seems to be the only way of preventing the very evident tendency of the western desert area gradually to encroach to the east For these reasons & vigorous policy of afforeslation should be pursued No return for the money spent should bo expected for the first eight or ten years, although at 18 quito blely that the usremunerative persod may be less than this This deselopment should begin in those areas bordening on the neers Banks and Chambal where the problem of roll erosion has 29amed sast proportions owing to sledy 3911on of toteste It is desirable that those areas which are subject to extensive crosion and those in which rafine formation hero talen place Eliould be handed orer to the Forest Department so that they may arrange, u possible, for their reclamation If the post rar plans for colonization gucceed, the Model Villagos blaio should codearour to plan, in one or to of these ·( 28 ) Uniform Policy for Khalss and Non Khalsa Arnas Tho Terms of Reference nowly extended arcis, and also at the rate of one in cach Tehsil tho organization of model villages These may be colonized by soldiers or educated persons, or preferably Loth, and they should be planned in all details concerning forming, subsidiary industries and rural reconstruction in general, as rıllages which deserve emulation by the rest of the State Here experiments in cooperative farming and the use of tractors and other machines may be made 28 Wo hope that these recommendations will appeal to all in both the Khalsa and the non Khalsa nroas, and that whero there is difficulty in carrying them out, as there may be in bomo of the Thilanas, the Government will consider giving any reasonablo aid Section D Industries 1 The Industries Sub Committee was asked to deal particularly with the assistanco thich will bo required for tho industries in tho Stato in order to enable them to adapt them sclvcs to post rir conditions" Turtlicr, "IIis Iligline 3 Government have also in v10w the need for a long period programmo for doveloping tho cconomic resources of the Stato on a systematic and planned b7819" The Sub committco therefore offers proposals designed to meet both tho imme diato post war industrial problems and the wholo problem of dovelopment I The Immediato Problems of Industry Tho problems of industry in the period following the end of the war may lo considered in two brond categories, (1) tho difficulties arising out of demobilization of technical and other labour from var industry thic ccgantion of war demands and the probavlo slump in prices requiring short penod ada, (ii) tho further problem of planning tho les clopment of industry in tho nest few years, and tho principles governing such derelopment Of course, the two are interrelated and can best bo considered together 3. Tor a short period following tlio war, Ainto aid for industrial adaptation till bo needed in tro maje -($) tho Immediate & Ultimate Objectives interrolated Two dupects of Chori period Alda ·gemobilized soldiers and technicians still hare to be reabsorbed in peace time industry by the creation of sutable conditions of industrial development, and (c) the rolume of purchasing power sa the hands of the community should be maintained against an inortable deflation of currency, słuch, if too great, rould lead to a depression in prices, a lowering of the demand for consumer's goods and increased unemployment As regards planning for the employment of demobilized Al ngister to men, a list of those in war-employment should not be prepared, thoss now and should if possible, record, their qualifications and any Empioyment ertal training receired by them during their car service, so as to facilitate their absorption in industry Thus register could per Japs bo maintained by the Industries Department 5 A standing committee consisting of officials and repre eentatives of industry may be constituted, with the Durcctor of Industries as Cherman to make a detailed investigat on into the questions (7) bow the demobilized men may be reabsorbed, (.1) whether any war moustnes may be converted to peaco production and (11) the exact nature of the help monetary And other thielt the State might give to the industries in Aucla transition And (tr) this committee nng also be entrusted tith the work of preparing in the meanwhile, the capital estimates required for the private indastcial wlertalings ta bo planned in the post var period These estimates have to Lo got ready of applications for priorities in obtaining machu nery ete ato to be made fortese Tue estimates for government undertakings will be prepared by the departntents Unless the-o catimates are prepared immoediately, 16 may not be pouble in the ma. to obtain giroti condemned to start with the deadly handicap of second nie jlant And machinery I standing committco is necrasny for this purpose for two Insestigations and plans can bo tzseful only when misda is collaboration with representatives of industry, and the nature and needs of Burl Adjustment can bo best judged by a trotte ·1 in the next few years, and the girinciples gorerning such 3. For a short period follou thing this war, xato ad for ( 28 ) nowls extended areis, and also at the rate of one in each Tebez the organization of model rullages Theec may be colourd by soldiers or educated persons, or preferably both, and they should be planned in all details concerning farming, subsidiary industries and rural reconstruction in general, as villages which deserve emulation by the rest of thio Stato Here experimente in cooperativo farming and the use of tractors and other machines may be made Uniform 28 Wo hopo that theso recommendations will appeal to Policy for Khalss and all in both tho Khalsa and tho non Khaira areas, and that on h halsa Areas where there is dificulty in carrying them out, as there may be ni some of tro Thlanas, the Government will consider giring any reasonable and Section D Industries The Terms of Tho Industries Sub Committeo was asked to deal Reference particularly with the assistance which will be required for the industries in tho Stato in order to enable them to adapt them. &clres to post war conditions" Turther, "flis Highnaus" Government have also in vior the need for long rezed programmo for developing tho economic resources of the Stato on a systematic and planned basis". The Sub committed thereforo offers proposals designed to meet both the immediato post var industrial problems and the whole problem of derelopment I The Immediate Problems of Industry Immediate & The problems of industry in the period following the Ulla to end of the war may be considered in two brord categories,... Objertires interrolated. (1) tho dilicuſtica ansing out of demobilization of technical and other labour from war industri the ceacation of tar demands and the probablo slump in prices requiring short penod nida, (1) tho further problem of planning the slevelopment of industri derelopment Of course, the two are interrelated and can beat bo considered togetler Two Arpel of Sbort industnal adaptation will be needed in period aids two WAJ.-) tho ·4 5 (29) gemobilized soldiers and technicians trill bare to be rerbsorbed in peace time industry by the creation of suitable conditions of industrul dorelopment, and (11) the volume of purchasing power in the hands of the community should be maintained against an ineritable deflation of currency, which, if too great, rould lead to a depression in prices, a lowering of the demand for consumer's goods, and increased unemploy. ment As regards planning for the employment of demobilszed Al egister to be kept of men, a list of those in war employment should not be prepared, those now and should, if possible, record, their qualifications and any employment civil training receired by them during their war service, so as to facilitate their alssorption in industry. This register could per kops be maintained by the Industries Department A standing committee consisting of officials and repre eentatives of industry may be constituted, with the Director of Industnes as Chairman, to make a detailed investigat on into the questions (0) Hor the demobilized men may be reabsorbed, (1) whether any par industries may be converted to peaco prodluction and (1:1) the exact nature of the kelp, monetary and other, which the State might give to the industries in auch transition And (sr) this committee may also be entrusted with the work of preparing in the meanwhile, the capital ctuates required for the private industrial undertakings to lo planned in the post rar period These estimates have to Legnt ready if applications for pronties in obtaining machu wery, etc, are to be made clectne The estimates for governi. ment undertakings will be prepared by the departments Unless these patimates are prepared immediately, it may not be posible, in the post war scramble, for applicants from the State to obtain priorities, and post nar industrial schemes may be condemned to start with the deadly handicap of second rate fiint and maschinery Amanding committer se necessary for this purpose for two Insestigations and plans can be useful only when muln in collaboration with representatires of industry, and the naturt and needs of such adjustment can be best judged by a 20 ·(30) committco luch, on the one hand, mahes a detailed study of the growth of war industry, and, on the othor hand, hus on idea of the concrete details of actual dos clopments contorplated in the post war y cars This committeo may bo useful also in translating into practico somo of the proposals made in this report regarding further short period ards to industry A Public 11 orka Policy as an inti depression Iccourc In the first months or years following tho cud of the war, industries in the Stato may have to faca a depression in prices following tho contraction of purchasing power crused by tho cessation of war demand and tho demobilization of labour froin war industries This rull linvo ropercussions on agricul tural prices and it is probible that a gencral downware! movement of prices will have to bo faced This is likely to nggravato tho stato of unoinployment and under omployment In such an cvont it becomes the responsibility of the Stato to help to maintain the price level as well as the solumo of purchasing poner in tho hands of tho community, so as to maintain empoyment at ng luigh a lovol ng possiblo This could bo dona by undertahing a polioz of public works Tortunately for us in Inipur thoro ars son cral directions in which publio prorks of great ut lity may bs undertakon Roads and br dges, Irrigation projects hydro electric projects forests--ill these form productivo into tments An crtromoly ugnful unlortaling woukl be the proposed ostensions of tho Jaipur Stato Railway lines from Jaipur to imber and Bairnth on ono sido am to Digsi Valpurn and Todorningh on the other Such works Kliould be planned carefully and tho planning should includo if possible arrangements for the provi sion of financo nt tho appropriato time If Inunched immo diately after tho vor they will creato employment and alrearls & good fraction of the deinobilized soldiers and techniciana Thus *pecial public worls programm should ho maintnmed during tho period (in all probability betweeni ono and thro scars) or adjustment to perec tima production 111 thio meansiile pubhc worka s ducha tho administration may xonador non essential may bo postponce 1101 ·( 31 ) Supplemen Begides public works undertaken by the State it is tary Pri vate in al o desirable to stimulato private investment, which gould vestmenthare the same effect of bringing about increased employment Hansen Policy and would supplement the stunulus giren through public works For the sell-concered liousing and town planning scbemes Arc desirable Dunng penods of depression it has been noticed that thero is generally a boom in the building trade in towns crused by the activity of middle class people with fixed in comey, because during such periods the value of their real This income, and therefore their ability to save, increases should be taken adrantage of by the State, which may promote house building (a) by giving financial and on a large scale to co operativc hou ing agencies (1) by encouraging the floatation of proato housing derelopment companies and (c) by itself undertaking on a large scale the construction of dwellings for Labourers and the poorer section of the population This would Loa further indirect aid in maintaining purchasing power and the level of employment 8 The financing of such public works need not be limited F dance for Public to the funds arailable from normal revenue sources The Worka by serenucs of the Stato during auch times will have a tendency Bortor ng to contract The temptation in fact, during such times 19 to effect economies and retreachment but in our view this 13 pre riscig miat should be avoided if the depression us to be success fully countered Funds for the extra qutlay necesitated by a dep cssion and designed to create employment and maintain incomes, must Li* found somchor, and Lorrowing may be resor ted to if necessary, for the purpose of undertaking the public works programme, provided the policy is supplemented by Arrangements for to prompt reparment of lains when the recruty adjustments liare taken place and private industry las leca stimulated adequately and does Dot stand in aced of support from State activity Such expenditure on public works 11 all the moro desirable because, in the present undeveloped con lition of the Stato most of the expendituro Fould be of a ductiso character and would repay itself in course of ·(30) committee which, on the one hand, makes a detailed studs of the growth of war industry, and, on the other hand, ling an idea of the concrete details of actual des clopments contemplated in the post war years This conimittoo may bo useful also in translating into practico some of tho proposals made in this report regarding further short period aids to industry A Public 6 In the first months or jcars following the end of the Worl, rohej AS AN Inti før, industries in tho Stato may hare to face a depression in depteegion Beasure prices following the contraction of purchasing power causrd by the cessation of war demand and the demobilization of flour froin rar industries This will have repercussions on agricul turi! prices, and it is probable that a general downwant morement of prices will have to bo faced This is likely to aggrirate the stato of unemployment and under onplouarent In such an orent it becomes the responsibility of tho Stato lo help to maintain the prico lorol as well as the solumo of purchasing power in the hands of tho community, so as to mountain cmpov ment at as high a lovel ns possible This could bo dono by undertaking a police of public rorhs Tortunately for us in Jaipur, thoro oro soserai directions in inch public Trorks of great ut lity may bo undertaken Rinda mlir dges, irrigation projects, hy dro electric project forcstq--7!! these form productio insostments An ortrenols conful un lortaking should be the proposed extensions of tho Jaipur Stato Ruluaj lines from Jaipur to Amber and Bairath on ono sido anel to Diggi Valpura and Todorisangh on the other Such prorks should be planned unrefully and tho planning should includo if possible arrangem nty for this prası son of finance at tho appropriate time It im liccl indio diately after the vor they will creato empliment au tabourly a good friction of the demobilized sollici8 and techncana Th14 fpecial public works psortimmo shoulil bu mamtaince cluring tho period (in all probability låtsas one to three veits) 0 adjustment to peace limo prodita fun in tlie meansluilo publc rorka #hich the administration mot under non-essential may bo postponed ION ·tory Pri rate le ( 31 ) fupplemen Besides public works andertalen by the State, it is al o desirable to stimulate prirete investment, which tould Yestock hare the same effect of bringiag about increased employment Housing Polics and would supplement the stimulus given through public work For this, well concured housing and tonn planang schemes art dcarrable Daring periods of depression it has been noticed that there is generally a boom in the building trade u torns, mused by tho activity of middle class people with fixed in comes, because during such periods the ralue of their real income, and therefore their ability to sare, increases shoald be taken adrantage of by the State, which may promote house building (a} by sifing financul eid on a large scale to to-operative housing Agencies, () by eacouraglag the flortation of rnrate housing derelopment companies and (c) by itself undertaking on a large scale the construction of drellings for Habourets and the poorer section of the population This would lic a further indirect ad in maintaining purchasing power and the icrel of employment 8 The financing of such public rorks Bced not be limited F dance for Public to the funds arailable from normal ratenue sourcc9 CECRUCY of tho Stato during such times will have a tendency Portofing Public to contract The temptation, in fact, during such times is to Seet roonoques and retrenchment, but in our view this is prc czecis what should be aroided if the depression 13 to be success fully countered Funds for the extra outlas necessitated by a deg fasion and designed to create employment and maintaa incomea, must bc Cound canichos, and borrowing may be resor led to if necessary for the purpose of undertaking the public Forks programme prosuded this policy 13 supplemented by arrangements for the prompt repayment of loans ben the na pery adjustments are tskes place and private industry Latimea stimulated adequately and does not stand in need of furport from State actisit's Suth expænditure on public works is all she alore desirable locaux, ** tho present undescloped ronchition a' the State most of this expenditure would be of a sroluceuse character and would repas itself in course of The Works by ·47 totes Pro Cucts etc, (33) II Long Period Industnal Development Varketing But ono of tho most important ways of nding industry Botrd for Organized lies in finding and tending tho marhots for goods We refer cisc. Latheting ulcro (see infra, para 16) to the question of narketing in rela. tion to cottage industries and agricultural produco, but all tho srork of marketing slould come situn the purTicir of a Jarhet. ing Board, to bo added to the dopartment of Industries and Commerce Co opcration wit} the myrketing depırtments elsonshore in India is very desirable, particularly in tho work of arranging grado standards, etc, and this should be under. taken at the carliest opportunity Tor some of our products there is nu do scopo for demand in foreign markets, if the proper presentation of samples 18 arranged through the Trade Commissioners of the Government of India in other countrics Desclopment of co operitne marketing particularly for tho products of small industries, Isho those of the linndloom scems to hold out great prospects 10 Besides marketing, co operation may bo oncouraged operation in urban areas, as this organization inay sell proso to be a Develog great contenience to industrial activity It 19 suggested cisc * hcro (sco infra, pirn IG) that the starting o industrul co-operan) Cottage, Industry tuses for cottage industries may be advantageous such an organization will lars the adiantage of encouraging decentral ization of industry, and should be welcomed for this reason UContom r. too Encouragement through arrangemonts for finnncing, niny alco bo gisen to co11911mars co operatio societies Ilioso societies have been a great succese in niny paste of India and abroad, and with tho sound commercial 17+tin to vluch the people of this regron pos4c89 thiy sant of co opc ation may trell bo #llecayful here Co operatisbung cics clopment in urban att34 would have a nido usofisligent and the financing of no other form of co oporation 19 $0 * )an I am {n} lloaring fale as the financing of louring dos clopment not hare tho least hesitation in financing housse debere for bones no le dusclling requirements (nsonline ap obelisa construction), eren be the raising of losne snil stimulatora desclopment of housing socictie: Urban Co. for the ment of The Staten el Societ ·Rates (33) There are one or to other mais 12 mhich industrial Ixelland. Dus Aids to growth mas be further aided by the State The Jaspus State Industry Nailiray might frame & rates police particularly designed to entourage local commerce and Industry Small trains or (a) Railway coaches may be run from neighbouring villages to the toras at approprate times, progiding transport for mulkmen, regetable sellers and other traders If this is done, the Arra of the market will be widened to the matual adrantage of the town and village dwellers Specially cheap rates may be fired for such transport Concessions may be issued to bona fide traders visiting markets and fairs with their frares The control (6) Controlled of investment ako 29 a means by which, indirectly, the State forestment en od prirato industry By making it obligatory for net public companies to obtom prior approval of the Government, She State may decide which industries should hare a prority in desclopnient and mar thug inake conditions of capital raising comparatısely casy for the more important industries Reason alla facilities (like the grant of free land and loans for erecting buildings) may be offered to any business houses operating outa lo tho Stato but willing to more into the Stato AT Analt of each concessions 12 We consider that the State should be prepared to Industries should not #eise in a policy of industrialisation but that it should not w State Owned undertako functions much can efficiently be discharged by private enlerpriso In this Stato capital and enterprisc are not lacking and it should be the object of the State to create 11c conditions under thuch their most profitable use is possible without cncroscking upon th field which 3 ordinartly left to private enterprise The widest measure of freedom should be allowed to cadastral undertakings so that they may adapt themselres nipills to changing conditions The State sbor regulate the conditions of labour and hours of morh andm ay firari le information an! supply power when available in pecial aixt where the necessary captol 13 not forthcoming ricert with Goremmentari a part of the intestment mng bo taken up by the State Rok beaning in industry, hoverer is TO ** A rule a function #lich should be discharged by the flute $ ·(32) II Long Pemod Industnal Development A Varketing 9 But one of the most important ways of ndug industry Board for Organized lies in finding and tending the markets for goods We refer else Marketing of the shero (see infra, para 16) to the question of maricting in rela State & Pro tion to cottage industries and agricultural produce, but all the ducta worb of marketing should come within the purview of a Market ing Board, to be added to the department of Industries and Commerce Co operation with the marketing departments elsewhere in India is very desirable, particularly in the work of arranging grade standards etc, and this should be under talen at the earliest opportunity For some of our products there is mido scopo for demand in foreign inarkets, if the proper presentation of samples, etc, is arranged through the Trade Commissioners of the Government of India in other countries Development of co operative marketing particularly for the products of small industries, like those of the landloom seems to hold out great prospects Liban ca 20 Besides marheting co operation may be encouraged operation in urban areas, as this organization may well prove to be a for the Derelor great convenience to industrial activity It is suggested else ment of Where (see infra, para 16) that the starting o industrial co opera (a) Cottage Industry tives for cottage industries may be adrantageous such an organization will bare tile advantage of encouraging decentral ization of industry, and should be welcomed for this reason ()Consum re too Encouragement, through arrangements for financing may also be given to consumers co operatiro societies Ihese so ieties hase been a great success in many parts of India and abroad, and with the sound commorcial instincts which the people of this region possess this variety of co ope ation may well be successful here Co operative housing verelopment an urban areas would have a wide usefulness and the financing of no other form of co operation 19 so sound and (c) Hloubog safe as the financing of housing derclopment The Stato need Societies not hare the least hesitation in financing housing schemes for bona fide dwelling requirements (avoiding speculativo construction), eren by the raising of loans, and stimulating the derelopment of liousing societies uleg ·Rateg ( 33 ) There are one or two other ways in which industrial Missellans- Ous Sids to growth may be further aided by the State The Jaipur State Indastry Railway might frame & rates policy particularly designed to Small trains or encourage local commerce and industry (a) Railway roaches may be run from neighbouring villages to the towns at appropriate times, providing transport for milkmen, vegetable sellers and other traders If this 19 done, the arts of the market will be widened to the mutual advantage of the town and rutage duellers Specially cheap rates may be fixed for such transport Concessions may be 1sgued to bona fide leaders visiting markets and fairs with their rares The control (6) Controlled of inretmeat also 1 s meins by which, indirectly, the State Investorent an aid privato industry By making it obligatory for new public companies to obtain prior approval of the Government, the State mag decide which industries should have a pr ority in derclopment, and may thus make conditions of capital raising comparatively casy for the more important industries Reason ablo facilities (like the grant of free land and loans for crecting buildings) may be offered to any business houses operating outarde the State but willing to move into the State ar arnalt of Buch concessions 12 llc consider that the State should be prepared to ladustries should not &*>t in a policy of industralisation but that it should not te Stata Owned undertake functions which can cliciently be discharged by private enterprise In this state capital and enterprise ara not incking and it should be the object of the State to create the con litions under which their most profitable use 19 possible without cncroaching upon th: field which 13 ordinarily left to privato enterprise The widest measure of freedom should be allowed to industrial undertakiogs so that they may adapt thiemeelin raprells to changing conditions The State should regulito the conditions of labour an 1 hours of worh, andm ay Trorilo information an! supply power when availablo In special taxes where the necessary capital is not forthcoming stept with Cortiment Bid a part of the investment may be taken op ly the State Rish bearing in indusóry, however, is Not a tule a function which should be ducharged by the 4 ·Excepuon 13 In the case of all public utility undertakings, Lowever, we hold emphatically that they should be Stato owned, and should be operated with consideration of social advantage rather than of rising revenue Water-torhs, electrical concerns, telephones, broadcasting etc, como into this category Nor does thero seem to be any objection to the official operation of concerns of & Bemi commercial character possessing public utility Wherever the need exists, municipalities may run motor transport for local trafic purposes and raise revenue of possible, by competitive rating Simuarly, the tourist industry may well be run by the State and in this case there seems to be fair reigon for charging what the traffic will bear Large and Certain proposals for the establishment of large and Medium Sized Indus. medium scale industries were outlined bofore the Corrartteo Cops der by the Director of Industries and Commerce these industries are as follows trieg under t100 ܢܝܙ Cement 2 Mineral acids and alum 3 Boots and shoes 4 Tanning 5 Oil mill Rectified spirit 7 Porrer alcohol 8 Cold storage plant 3 Hosiery 10 Porcelain goods Pharmaceutical products 12 Clochs and tratches 13 Machine tools bolts and nuts Starch 15 Scientific apparatus 16 Sugar refinenes and a sugar factory Radio fets, excluding relies 18 Telephones and accessories 39 Textiles 20 Glass industry ·( 35 ) It is not within the scope of thus taguiry to go into & detailed investigation relating to proposed industries But the comastico would ble to suggest the following panciples (1) Tho sadustrics gelected should be such as promiso continued prosperity in post war years (o) For this purpone & detailed inrestigation should insanabls procede the starting of erery industry, with reference not only to technical production factors but also to economic factors like costs and prices (present ond prospective), the availability of markets and raw materials, and the nature of competition (presant and prospective) (a) Great vigilanco 19 necessary in the selection of site and machinery The latter be as up to stata these industries with technical n the pre war for) Caution is deesrablo in respect of the experience and standing of business men anri tanka who aro to have d mat - whuo at 29 possible pitfall . prtiments aliould not be lost might vs Any failures would have a serious effect on the psychology of insestment () It is desirable to obtain in advance an idea of the natuta and cxtent of antant thio Stato And als during whicb such (-s) To examno new proposals for industry in the bght of there and other recognized principles, it 19 desirable for the State to hiro & womber of ctpert scientific and technical consultants and an economic advisory boly of the kind suggested in Section B of this irport Threadrisery would not have a deciding soice but the results of their scrutiny and informed criticum roll be arailable to Government before Om 10 ore isken. This would minimize the risks of optım am and enthusiasm ·(36) Urban Cot tage Indus tries Their Limitations Organization for Derelon Inent 13 The derelopment of cottage industries should form an important aspect of post war reconstruction because there are several of these for which Jaipur is famous and which can still be profitabl revired The limitations from which they suffer are as follows The worl ers are literate, and have no idea of adapting thesr work to the congumers' tastes, easy going and idle, they do not understand the modern ways of efficient and regular production, their tools are primitive and hamper their capacity to compete with machine wndo products, the middleman, interested entirely in his profit and seching to score at every stage, often acta in such a manner as to kill tho goose that lays the golden eggs, and the methods of marketing are old fashoned, and in many cases the consunier who is cager to buy is never reached by the industry 16 Much can be done to improve inatters provided the State plans and lends in the reorganization In Jaspur, with the talent available such reorganization should prove easy This planning for handicrafts has three aspects. thoso of (a) marketing, (6) production and (c) finance To start with masheting, there should be a central Emporum of Handicrafts maintained by the State, like the empore maintained by the Governments of U P and Bihar It should combine a muscum of products ssstu a sales department having as many sections possible-brass worl, cut semi procious stones, jewellery made of or fitted with them, carved products, porcelain and pottery textiles, lacquer and papier mache work carpets durries, furniture choondrter, felts, bangles, etc, etc It should be a place to which the tourist or the consuwer could go with perfect confidence rium should drstnbute price lists and catalogues, adscrtisc tho goods in all possible ways establish agencies, get in touch with the trade commissioners of the Government of India in other countries, lase stalls in exhibitions, and so on It should be assisted by a staff of marl eting officers to be posted in different provinces and states in India Their functrons wil bo (a) to run a branch of the Emporium, (o) to collect infordiation about the needs of the consumers in that locality, (f) to indicate (a) Market ingEm porn af Ilandicrafts A9 The Empo ·( 37 ) tle nature of competing products, etc They need not be lingbly paid officials & scale of salary ranging round a handred rugim will be suficient The Thole Bebeme should easily ficare a commercial success, and need not be a Stability on the State funds-grosided an able, tell trained business man is not in charge Eron should it entsıl some expenditure from rerenues it is worth undertabing considering its great adran Cages to the people of the State סטו} Covernment mgut consider the adoption of State marks FUBFBaleeing to the purchaser the authenticity and geneipeness of the products and their conformity with the adı ertisements Precious metal work should bear marks Indicating the content 15 Sineness of the metal ased Clear distractions should be made Letween rory and imitations between the rarious textile Inbrice elc But the success of the Emporium will necessarily depend 5) Produc on ho proper planning of production itself For this a central Polstecbase of the kind recommended by the Education Sub Committee would be necessary It should impart instruction to artisans in improved methods of production It must have an exp*rt staff to study the way in which the talent available may be adapted to produce new things that can go on the market Working in co operation th the Emaporium x wall combere employment with instruction The papel will also be A worker and will be paging bus say while learning hus Jescons at ang rate in the later stages of his studentship Thie Polytechnic kull strell be a huge trorkshop too, prodacing for the tmponent and thus #bolly or partly paying its Own Roy But the largez field of purate production needs planping (c) tanance tra alu "This wa Waate yes par trould not be reduced opetaurer to the position of a wage camer under & trionless middleman 11o dloull base the necrasasz bnsncial and in buying bus tools ani rak nitrnila and in muntaming himself while producing Sy » វា li bnane is the rers kle of the bandicraft industry This lip ray bogisen through the starting of co-operativo Serenissa fiert too, the rich experience of the British Indias ·provinces is available It is quite possible to adapt that oxperi ence The co operativo society will not bo & mero financing agency That would lead to disastrous results, for tho artisan may borror and not ropay It will bo a multi purposo society, organized under a department of the Stato It will financo lum not in money but by supplying him with tools, rav materials and reasonablo needs of life, but the accounts will be kept in monoy Tho society will then buy the finished goods or wirect them co operatusely Co operation is good because whatever profit is made will be the workers alono And if the socioty controls overy stage of tho work it will lead to saior financo Other steps may lo takon, and details may bo tvorhod out moro fully, but this offers the sheloton of an organization which would add to tho artisans' incono and tho quantity of omployment In this tho Department of Industries has a task wuch may be coinparatively casy of accomplishment because the labour and the nocessary tradition are already thero 17 The improvement of the economic wellbeing of the rural population, it 13 widols recognized, is bound up with the development not only of agriculturo but also of several indus tries subsidiary to it proper investigation zay Torcal scope for the dorolopment of many such industries, but 10 suggest that in tho first instanco concentrated attention should Lo guon to the following as they seom to bo capablo of immediato development In regard to the woollon industry tho prospects aro bright, if only some vory simplo defects are romos od In the first place, tlo rool, 83 at present marketod, 19 far from cloan, and its producers do not know how to spirito tho soft from the hard wool, and as a result the wholo of tho wool 19 sold at the price of the inferior varioty, although the 13 estimated to be only about 15% of the total Domonstra tions in the method of clipping wool should bo arranged by the State Certain orperliponts in sheop breeding at the Pılanı farm haro provod to be very successful, and scientiüc sheop breeding on these lines might be triod at ono Subsidiary Arcultural Industros (a) lloallen Industry ·(38) or tro sele sed ceatres At present sheep breeding 13 in the bands of literste people, and if it 13 OgBluzed ca scientific lunce tu industry slone maya gire employment to a cool nom ber of cr soldiers and others not in paremplos Heat The derelopment of this important agricultural ram product would alo render east the startug of a woollen tertile m. sa the State As far as possible, plans for these two industries may be copsidered as taling under one scheme (0) Daxy The dairy industry also seems to hold out excellent pro4 meta Sach tracta of land ag are not fit for the cultivation of 1.0 portsat crops mar be derelord A3 pastare lands If dairy gas taken up alongside of cattle breeding) in such places and el**lere at mar deselop into another important agri ra? aral industry India imports annually large quantities of milm products and under & spitable organization there 18 no refon hy this mudiry Tour Dot be planned to cater for thu market Again the difference in the price of milk and milk maluch bet seen the aban and village areas v enormous and turcakt te fusgeir eliminated f dairying were derelosed on tolmen Lee Industry Another subsidiary industry 29 that of cattle breeding (c) Cotte Breeding 7 is a good rosrket for cattle both in the neighbouring stes al Pajputana and in the adjoining British Indian pro Fren for local needs the production of quality cattle sboss dla mielulis planned (Fide the section on Agriculture dsocker very important indastry in the rural area; 13 the (0) Handloom handloom indeur e dare no exact informaation as to how many poops are employed directly or indirectly in thus is dastre, but the fact tl at handloom cloth is bewg exported from then * sfte meeting a good fraction of local needs indicates Statetust thatcher At preget the industry 13 sa a four thing cocestion, bat at the tad al te far what the mill a srces cas le tapecied to fill it sill be in trouble, particolaris to aginaleg utlich While 1 c State may not be ale to the Lacduse Industry it should assist the Lalion vessen partualazle through marketing agencies and ·( 38 ) proi inces is available It is quite possible to adapt that experi once The co operative society will not bo & mora financing agency That would lead to draustrous results, for tho artisan may borrow and not repay, It will be a multi purposo society, organized under a department of tho State It will financo him not in money but by supplying him with tools, rar inaterials and reasonablo needs of life, but the accounts will bo lept in money The society will then buy the finished goods or warhet thom co operately. Co operation : good because whatever profit is made will be the rorher's nlono And if the society controls orory stage of tho rork it will load to safer finance Other steps may bo takon, and details may be worked out moro fully, but this offers the skeleton of an organization which would add to the artisans' incomo and the quantity of omployment In this tho Doprrtment of Industries has a task wlucli mas bo comparatively casy of accomplishment because the labour and the necessary tradition are already there 17 Tho improvement of the economic wellbeing of tho rural population, it 15 kidoly recognized, is bound up with the dovoloppent not only of agriculture, but also of several indus tries subsidiary to it A proper investigation may rorcal scope for tho doi clopmont of many such industrios, but 18 suggest that in tho first instance concentrated attention should bo guon to tho following as thoy scom to bo capablo of immediato development In regırd to tho woollon industry the prospects aro bright, if onls sonic sery simple defects aro romored tho first place, tho rool, as at present molotod, 13 far from clean, and its producers do not know how to soprrato tho Boft from the lord wool and as a result the wholo of thic 100l 19 sold at the price of the inferior rarioty, although this 18 cstimated to be only about 15% of the tota} Domonstra tions in the method of slipping wool should bo arranged by the Stato Certain copertinents in shcop breeding at tho Pilast farm haro proved to bo sery successful, and scientific shocp breeding on these lines might be tried at ono Sul diary Agricultural Industries (a) Woollen Industry ·(39) or tho selonted cectre At paper steep breeding zu the lands of illiterate people and it is organized ca saueatur hnes ths destry alone mase give emplorzeat to a good footer of ex-soldiers and others tot n saremplos TE- derelopment of this important agricultural ru Fraluct would ako recde eist the starting of a Foollen textile il n. the State As far as possible, plans for these to industries már be cors dered as falling under one eczeme (5) D.Very The durf indestry aLo seems to Eold out excellent prcs. pects Soch tracts of Lod as are not fit for the cat is hon of samprotant crops may be developed a pastare hands If durv zz u taken up (along-de of cattle breedmg) in such places and else there! mur derelog uto another mportant aux col wimdaster Indu imports anacally large quantities of m. I. products and order 3 sutable oman. tion thema no ruan wis this industry my not be planned to cater for the Parket gule, the deference in the price of mill. sod mill. prodam te ween the urban and village areas is ero mom and thus could be largely eliminated of duirting rere dereloped on oder linea Another subsidiary edustry u ihst of cattle breedte (CALLE Predag There is good market for cattle both the pergt bouring ates of Rajputana and in the adjowing Brush Indian pro Eren for local needs the production of quality cattle should be carefulls planned (5d the cection on Suncature) 400 Ler vers uportant xdustry w the rural area the () dece radaire sedloom istry Vetate to cuact information 35 to how many feaple are employed directly or directly in ths in dastry bez ike fact that berdloon cloth bem, esported from the State altet seeix good fraction of local seeds dicated estesise christer At present the indectas un tour i ung condition but at the end of the Fat won the will cloth prces car le espected to at, it will be s trouble fastuculult 16e sp. his sectica Wale tze State may not be Able to aid the band punisz industry it should askust the Bismloops three pattuslsls through marketing egefeies and ·Derelopment of Mines co operatire societies and by organizing production centres at important places These centres should finance, through the medium of co operative societies, the production of hand moren cloth Further ad could be given to this industry by starting a textile branch in a technical school, and also by starting within the State a textile mill for producing yarn in counts suitable for handloom forhers Detailed investigation till rereal the possibilities of other rural industries like bee beepwg production of regetable fodder, rope maling lac collection sericulture and poultry breeding The possibility of dereloping dehydration as a regular industry, ng recommended br the Nutrition Cominittee, may also be considered 18 The greater part of the Jupur mining industry 13 quite sound and vital, and fortunately in tho inmediato post war period, when so many activities will have to rely on direct assistance from the Government, it will be quite able to look after itself, if only at the right time some necessary adminis tratne changes are adopted One of these admistrative nicasures which cannot be too strongly recommended, is the conversion of the prevailing short term mining leases into very long term oncs of 20 or 30 years Tlcso are the terms in use in British India and in all the more advanc'd countries No psy chological monient could be moro furournble for introducing this chango than the present one, because the lease holders oing to war time profits, are in a inood to so ure the sources of their gains for a longer period The holders of short terin leases tend to esploit tho mineral deposits intensively and irrationally in boom times, Tithout any regard for the future and to giro thom up in times of depression whereas the folders of long term leaves to oroid decadenco in the lenses will continue rorh in less profitablo periods oren at temporary financiał loes Thoy ill also be more ready for inrestment in machinery otc truch bears fruit only after a comparatively long period But in all cases minernis should be arailable for inclustrie, ithin the State territory and the lessce should not bo pesmiled to ·atranglo local distries by refusing to supply minerals, while supping them to factories outside As regards the defelopment of the mining industry one project, namely the reopening of the old Khetri copper mildes, 19 already under the active consideration of the Jaspur Govern ment, and, if successful, will be of great importance for the cconomy of the State Beyond thus, there does not seem to be much scope for expansion But though the hopes of discovery and utilization of ner deposits are not rery bright, there s uced for an unrelenting exploration on the part of the Vung Department, shich should be duly strengthened and endored 19 An appendix to the Report gires & brief dea sdn elea of a project nader contemplation for hydro electric porrer o ere opment generation Jaipur Stato us plain country, with much of soft and sandy #oll, and the natural features do not easily lend themselres to bringing about the conditions of storage and large drop in short distance necessary for economical generation of port The only possible situation, as indicated in the appendur, is under arestigation Preluinary surveys here edown that at 19 possible to generate electricity there by water power, and the project 13 being worked out in financial detail It 29 expocted that the plug will soon be ready 20 Anather ladespensable bid to the development of commerce and industry (Ras well as agriculture) 2 t'he develop Dovelapmout men of rural roads in which respect ako there is need for considerabla expansion in the State, particularly in the porthern The ideal to be aimed at is that no village shoald be more than half a mio away from a good road, and pe in ebss Stats are still fety far from the idea? Considering the estent la which the development of industry and agriculture 13 conditioned by the developm nt of roads, the committee feels that this at all orentz, must accompany, of not precede, the development of industry and agriculture There can be no more useful project than the desclopracat of soads Money pent on thu pould be most productire, and the necessary AFU 1 Rond ·expenditure might confidently be raised though loans For this work also the necessary estimates and finance plans should be prepared fortbyth, so that the work may bo tahen in hand without loss of timo at the end of the war In planning road developmont, however, it seems necessary to Leep in mind the following principles (a) A balance should be struck between the development of metalled highways and the extension of unmetalled Tural roads For agricultural needs and rural market ing the latter aro as important as the former (b) Every extension of miloage sbould be, approximately at any rate, measured against tho lilely economic advantages that would follow such extension, particularly because the cost per milo of road making and maintenance in a sandy tract lihe Jaipur 18 fairly high (c) Even if there are going to be local self government institutions, road making should remain a responºi bility of the State Road making and maintenance by local bodies in British India hns not yielded Batisfactory results (d) If road development is to be financed by louns, as recommended aboro, tho rate of progress should be 80 arranged that the oxpenso of this investment (interest on the loans, and the cost of main tenance of rords) could be met without unduo strain on the normal revenues of the State It is no uso making ronds the maintenance of which is impossible Wo also recommend tho setting up of a Transport Derelopment Board to coordinato the means of transport and to draw up plans for their oxtension and improrement As part of this problem of rural transport, the Committco also considered the question of a suitable des go for a villago cart and that of pneumatic tyres for bullock carts In the opinion of the committeo tho design on the local bulloch cart 19 quto suited to local needs and it 19 not considered nocessary to recommend the extended use of the pneumatio ts rootcopt in urban arcas and in the service of industrial undertakinga which invol e large and concentrated transportation_oning to (1) the common uso of wooden wheels on local carts, kluich do bot Bear out roads quickly, (2) the fligh initial cost o pnouvarious " ·mestic tyres, and (3) tho ignorance of the villagers, which readers manipulation difficult 3 Ajthough a detailed es3 bination of the State's publio Flosada! finance calls outside the scope of this committee's laquury, a reference to this aspect is perhaps not out of place in yiew of the intimate relation between proper arrangements va public financo add the development of the State's economic resources. The amount spent annually by the State on development departments greatly influences the p3ce of development, and tre invito attention to statistical information of a comparative character given as an appendu' to this roport Besides, it must be borne in mind that the general character of reveaua and espenditure sdfdences, in B number of indirect ways, the development of tho region 1 The following measures of financial reforms relevant to developraent might be considered 1) In order to achieve equity in the distribution of the 13x warded, at Beemos desirable to establish certain direct taxes which would mabe possible the introduction of the principle of progression in taxation and would bring about greater correspondence botteen tos and ability to pay than is possible under & system of indirect taxes (1) Development of taxation by local bodies 1s necesaary in order to release a larger percentage of the State's Tevenue for development purposes (1) Governmeat might consider whether funds held in inrestment by tho Stato could be used in dereloping productive resourers 22 Prot ction of the interests of labour has been effected Labout in this Stito through the Jaipur Factories Act of 1940 Legislation The profilone of this Act are generally satufactory Wo would suggest boroses, their eaforcement through a body of inspec- It ecemi necessary also to supplement the esisting labour legislation till 3 Part reguising labour conditions on the lines of British Indian legislation As far as peacties to the standards of labour legislation preralent in Hoti h In lia should ba silapted At present the State us the Pappiest emplores of Industrial labour, on its railway, and it can 113 mince & Sta Eulb 14. Kb1 ani de Bixbarys dusent from the reader of Beton :)

·Bot an example to private employees by the standards adopted there The Government of India in their Labour Department are working out a schomo for sickness insurance, and the scheme evolved might be considered for adoption in Jaipur-at least for the workers on the Jaipur Stato Rails 2 For all labour employed on the railways or in government factories (including permanont servants of the government) some form of provident fund scheme should be made compulsory In the case of govornment servants the prorident fund schemo may be offered as an alternative to the pension scheme which is at present sn operation, besides being applied to those who are non pension able We suggest also that commutation of a part of the ponsion, as in British India, may be mado pormissible >> serious SECTION E Public Health and Nutrition A. PUBLO HEALTH 2 "It is an admitted fact that the conditions of life in rural areas generally are primitivo, public licalth Borvicos ang practically oil, medical and is scanty, and the people are mostly illiterate, backward, conservativo in ideas and economically very depressed' In respect of public health much remains to bo prosided oson in the towns, but conditions in the villages are much more Insanitation and illness cruse porerty, and pororty leads to insanitation, illness misory and pauponism appreciablo adranco is to be made this vicious circlo has to be broken Cloarly, a public health programme for rural areas is needed which must be simplo, practical cheap and many sided, but not too ambitious or rigid in nature 2 Programo Tho programmo suggested bolow roſers only to the basia it on requirements for ensuring a reasonable standard of gonora} health among the peoplo in rural follos Attention to genoral sanitation and hygiona The supply of fresh and safe drinking yator. If any Mearates aroas Thoso ar as 1 ·Hygiene (a) Improve ment Hou 10g Cordialect 3 Promision of medical rebef Prercation of common infectious diseases Education of the masses in public health This covers 8 xide field, but our proposals touch only the most urgent neods The chief aims in housing conditions must bo to abate over crowding, secure adequate light and ventilation, arod damp nosa and schiere general deanliness of the premises There are in the nei three aspects of the rural housiog problem in the first place, there is the pressing problem of ther replacement of houses which, judged by the most elementaxy standard of public health, are unfit for use Secondly, there are houses for which some simple and inesponsivo improvemente sarted to local conditions and mthin the capacity of the people concemed may be devised Finally, there 19 tho question of improving the layout of villages in cases where they are belirg sored or where new extensions are being laid out to semoro congestoon We may deal with tbese thres aspects of the housing problem in tara We bare no definite information about the number of houses which may be clasged 89 "aft for use" We under stand, however, that the number is very considerable, and that, sa parirculat, thero aro a large number of med bouges built for temporary purjecs bich are quite unsuitable when rain Abnormal, as it was in Shekhawatı last year Vo tunk it is adereable to mako an annual prorsion of one lakh of rupees for new rural housing This Amount 15 doatended for the ner cztensions referred to later but merely for grant of materials, particularly tiles and timbers, to Leeds owners of houses anst for use Es for at improrements in existing houses are concerned, espenedre elsewhere supports the view that they can be carsied out at & tery mal cost, which 19 ordinariy mthin the capacity of the persons coacceaed The main improvements pogosted are the introduction of mindons suitable flooring, simp'o pit letrsnes and sutable cattle sheds. It may be ·Bot an example to private employees by the standards adopted there The Governmsnt of India in their Labour Department Are working out a scheme for sickness insurance, and the scheme ovolved might be considered for adoption in Jaipur-at least for the workors on the Jaipur State Railway For all labour employed on the railways or in government factories (including permanent serrants of the government) some form of provident fund scheme should be made compulsory In the case of government servants the provident fund scheme may be offerol as an alternative to tho pension scheme which is at present sa operation, besides being applied to those who are non pension able Wo suggest also that commutation of a part of the pansion, as in British India, may be made permissible 2 $1 serious SECTION E Public Health and Nutrition A. POBLIO HEALTH "It is an admitted fact that the conditions of life in rural areas gonerally are primitive, public health services aro practically nil, medical and is scanty, and the people are mostly illiterato, backward, conservativo in ideas and economically very dopregsod In respect of public health much remains to bo proridod oren in the towns, but conditions in the villages aro much more Insanitation and s}}ness cruso poverty, and porerty leads to rasanitation, illness misery and pauperem appreciable adranco 29 to be mnde this vicious circle has to be brokon Cloarly, a public health programmo for rural areas is needed which must be simple, practical, clicar and many sided, but not too ambitious or rigid in nature 2 Frogramm The programmo suggested below rofers only to the basia of Roral requirements for ensuring reasonablo standard of gonora! 1.lth health among the peoplo in rural Thoso aro AS follows Attoption to genoral £3nitation and hygieno 2 The supply of fresh and safo drinking water If any Weargros ancas - 1 ·3 Prorision of medical relief Prevention of common infectious diseases $ Education of the masses in public health This covers a wide field, but our proposals touch only the most urgent needs station & The chief Bimg in housing conditions must be to abate over- Hygiene crowding secure adequate light and ventilation, avoid damp nees and achieve general cleanliness of the premises (a) ImpTOTT ment in There are in the pain three aspects of the rural housing HO BIDR Conditiona problem in the first place, there is the pressing problem of the replacement of houses which, judged by the most element. org standard of public health, are unfit for use Secondly, there are bouses for which some simple and inexpensive improve menta ozited to local conditions and within the capacity of the people concerned may be devised Finally, there is the question of improving the layout of villages in cases where they are being mored or there new extensions are being laid out to remote congestion We may deal with these three aspects of the housing problem in turn 3 We have no definite information about the number of houses bich may be classed as "uafit for 188 " Wo under atand, however, that the number 13 very considerable, and that, in particular, there are a large number of mud houses built for temporary purposes which are quite unsuitable when rain 13 abnormal, as it was in Shekhawati last year To think it 19 advisable to make an annual provision of one lakh of rupecs for C# tural boung This amount is not intended for the net extensions referred to later but merely for grant of matenals, particularly tiles and timbers, to needy owners of houses uafit for 130 So far as improrements in existing houses are concerned, espenenee elsewhere supports the view that they can be carried out at a very small cost, which 13 ordinarly within the capacity of the persons concerned The main improvements muggested are the introduction of windows, sustable floonng olmpo pit latrines and sustabla cattle sheds. It may be ·(46) necessary for this purpose to have a trained sanitary inspector in ench tebsıl to undertake the necessary propaganda amongst the people Such inspectors may be given other public health dutos as well Finally, we come to the question of laying out now villages and village orton 029 We understand that plans for typo designs of rural houses and type layouts for now villages hare already been prepared by the Chief Engineor for Irrigation for tho villages affected by the recont floods Te recommend that these designs should be enforced wherever possiblo When now housing is being undertaken and when now extensions are being planned, the Public Horlth Doprrtment should invariably bo consulted in rogard to the site and layout where the villages are unable to finance tho sclicme, government grants should be available, and erory reasonable concession in regard to the provision of land for this purpose free of taration should be given Vullige Taste (b) Tho 3 Tho refuse consists of night boil, cattlo dung, gras, Collection Nemoral & hay, leaves of trees, rage paper, bodies of dead animals, etc Disposal of An economical system of scavonging wil bavo to bo dovr ed Refuse and According to utility, such materials will have to be burnt buried periodically removed to tho fields or stored in samo ronato corner and treated by somo manuring process without creating a nuisince to other villagers From the publia hoalth point of voir the burning of refuso 13 desir i blo boing a sanitary method of disposal, but it doprivos the agriculturist of a certain amount of manure which ho salues and requiros for his crops Discretion has thereforo to bo oxercised on this debatablo point Common (c) Supres Dulancos aro pits oxcavations pools rank vogetation, dirty s roots rat holes and tho opon air prity 60 much in vogue not only in villagos but in ovory part of the country Thos giro riso to fios mosquitos and nuts The30 nuisances have to bo oradıcated by means of organized labour either voluntary or paid Tho actual method of cradication will consist of gonoral clearance filling levelling and drainago In suitable places constructiou of bore lolo latriacs and Qush Bion of uisadce ·} {atroes with local septic tanks will reduco inzapitation and the Als nuance These mass be used esperimentals and as widely as possible Arriegesents wust be made for tho despasal of household (d) Dralangos rullage, lango collections of rater in pits and excarations during tho mios, and magte well rater Small dralas, saspies, or some krad of mecbspucal means of a manual nature may effect this 8 Atteation will bars to be paid to the following points Supply The qushty of the stater 3 The quantity of the water 3 Thd safety and freshaess of the water The sources of drinking water in rullagos congest mainly of ahallof Wells, Laradis and tanks, snu, ja cortain places, spring The quakty of dnaking ister hould be determined when trer possible by a chemical examination of simples In oruinary curcumstances treatment may not be called for, but the clamation of tells periodicalls 13 a precaution which should not be neglected Danking water may be treated in the following page 1 Periodical cleaning 2 Nepamog of roll tops and prosiding proper plat forms and parspet walls 3 Proper disposal of wasto roll water * Frequent duinoction of water 8 Protection of sell water from contamination from cxternal and internal sources Pathing magbiag of dirty utensils, leares dust, and faccal droppings of animale constituto extoral contaminations , and the storage of large manuro heaps in tho ncar Ficuauty of the well 33 A source ol uternal contamination through sochage The quantity of tho dnnking water supply can bo increased in the following mays - (6) Ver tells may be susk and prosided with pumps and with floors to ensure freedom from contamination 1) Old Keils may be tebored or norr tube weils may be put la ·( 46 ) necessary for this purpose to have a trained sanitary inspector in each tehsil to undertake the necessary propaganda amongst the people Such inspectors may bo giren other public health duties as well Finally, we come to the question of laying out now villagos and village oxtensions We understand that plans for ts po designs of rural housos and type layouts for now villagos havo already boon prepared by the Chief Engineer for Irrigation for tho villages affected by the recent loods TVC rocommond that these designs should bo onforced wheropor possible Whon not houung 19 boing undertaken and when now oxtensions aro being planned, the Public Hoalth Departmont blould invariably bo consulted in regard to tho sito and layout Whoro tho villages are unable to finance tho schemo, govornmont grants sbould be available, and orory reasonablo concossion in regard to the provision of land for this purpose free of taration should bo given lige othor (b) Tha 3 Tho refuse congists of night soil, cattlo dung, grass, Collect on Removal & hay, leaves of trees, tags paper, bodies of dead animals otc Disposal of An economical system of scaronging will have to bo devised Refuse and According to utility, such materials will hero to bo burnt Watco buried, periodically removed to the fields, or stored in somo remote corner and treated by somo manuring procogs without creating a nutsance to other villagers From the publio hoalth point of view the burning of rofuso is desırıblo boing - snit ry method of disposal, but it depriyos tho agriculturist of a cortain amount of manure which he valuos and requires for las crops Discretion has thoroforo to bo exercisod on this dobutablo point Common (c) Supres pulsancog are pits excavations pools rank vegetation, dirty stroots rat holos and tho opon at pruty 60 Nuisancee much in vogue not only in villages but in orory part of tho country Choy giro rise to flics mosquitos and rits Theso nuisancos havo to bo eradicated by means of organizod inbour cithor voluatary or paid Tho actual method of oradıcation will consist of goacral clearanco, filling, lorolling and drainago In suitable placos constructiou of boro holo latrics and Ausly BOD of ·8 latriocs with local septic tanks will reduce insanitation and the is norance These may be used experimentally and as Fidely 13 possible Arrangements must be made for the disposal of bonsehold (d) Drainago Ballage, large collections of water in pits and excafations during the rains and paste rell Fater Small dralai, soskpits, or some kind of mechanical means of a manual nature may effect this Attention till have to be paid to the following points 19 des Sappls | The quality of the water 9 The quratity of the water 3 The safety and freshness of the water The sources of draking frater in Fulages consist mainly of shallow wells Taradıs and tanks and cortain places, Apringe The quality of draking water should be determined when erer possible by a chemical examigation of samples Ia onlasty ctecamstances treatment may not be called for, but the examination of wells periodically u9 & precaution which should not be neglected Danking water may be treated in the following tay 1 Periodical cleaning 2 Repairing of well top3 and providing proper plat forms and parapet walls 3 Proper disposal of raste tell water 4 Frequent durfoction of water Frotection of well rater from contargination froin external and internal sources Bathing washing of duty utensils, leaves dust, and faecal droppings of animals constitute external contaminatione , Anitha etorago of largo manats heaps in the near rickaity of the well is a source of internal contamination through spaLago The quantity of the drinking water supply can be increased in the following page - fo) \cx rells may be sunk and provided with pumps and with Teg Trous to ensure freedom from contamination 1) Old mells may be rebond or not tabe wells rasy be pot in.

·(48) (.) Local dams may have to bo constructed if tho subsoil level of the water has gone down Tho choice of mothods will dopend upon funds and local circumstances The supply of safo tater from baradis 13 problematic and difficult to arrange for unless the opponso of mechanical power is not objectod to From springs tha water may be delivered by means of pipes from a reservoir, and the spring should bo protected It should be tomombored that a piped water supply without adequato arrangements for drainage 19 often & sourco of malarial infection Tho needs and difficultios of the doprogsod classes should be specially hopt in vio 7. The subject of medical relof for the villager 19 a problem of special difficulty Dispensaries are few and in adequato Even now in certain cases the distanco botoen dispensaries 19 more than 45 mules It may be noted that thoro 18 no disponsary between Sanganer and Aalpura, vhod aro 47 miles npart Similarly thero is no dispensary botwcon Amber and Pawata or Bairath, which ara separated by about tho samo distance In many villages oren vards and hakims are not found In a brief roport like this it is possible only to mention somo of tho means by which medical rolof can be given to the villager These aro Diegomination of the knowlodgo of tho applicntion and use of local drugs whero po siblo 2 Prorision of medical chesta in certain villages whero educated persons resido Theso can be entrusted with tho tash of distributing medicines according to instructions 3 Subsidization of indigenous systom of modicino Fithin limits Distribution of sclected mcdicincs through the sanitary staff Occasional touring by medical Officers of the die pensaries 6. Prorusion of travelling dispencaries 7 Establishment of hospitals nnd dispensaries 8 Hospitalization of oxuting dispensarlos 1 $ 6 ·(49) Tha indigenous systems of medicine, Onani and Ayurvedic, baterer be their shortcomings, hare the confidence of the fillager, and their respensireness 23 an attraction to him Further, it is only frou s raid or hakim that most villagers 8t present cao obtain medical help within a reasonable distance of their houses It u suggested, therefore, that Govermoent might casuter the leccusing and employment of raids and brima Travelloog dispensaries are expensive to moutaja, and their platy 19 limited by the poor means of communication They are well suited for the provison of raedical aid in an emergency, in accessible places The hospitalization of dispensaries and the establishment of new hospitals and dispensanes 13 most necessary Erery nuzimat, indeed every tebsıl, should have a hospital if possible And the distribution of both hospitals and dispensaries should sobor a carefully considered plan 8 Animuuediately practicable method of providing medical Needly Touring chef for thic sillagea seems to be this--that medical oficers of by Medical dicers. the deepensanes should tour on meebly market dage 13 a fireabanged arca People from surrounding villages couil come to get the necessary medical belg, including prophylius 25 theso reckly tours the officer ml be able to supply medical Icip to 30 30 villages a month In a year he may be able to FOIFC every village of the district He will save many from the couchers and from the financial aurden of journey 10 Jalfor Medrcal riset skould not be the special privilege of ibc tekezl torn geople, the villagers also can expect sueb belp Medical officers would have to be remunerated vitalals for has extra cºpies The objection pay be raised that they have enough fork to do at the dispensary, and their work 11 ere troula enllez by such touring But in reality at wonli to ughtened Jopeat outfit 3 required The common bulments in villages aro ferere (malaria, speumonia and typloid), mesurs omslt por, darilocs, peepten), cjc trouble, eczema, fingworm, tad teeth, andemu and ostlims Tuberculosis and + koprives are found but only seasonally 1 ·(60) Midwifery and Water nity Lotitable Diseases Occurs 9 Whenorer possible a midmo should be attached to each of the dispensaries In selected areas it may bo advisible to appoint public health nurses y lo would receive adequate training in all aspects of publie health and in particular, in propaganda Women teachers in village schools may when possible, be quien training in lygiene and maternity work The problem of inducing yıllago dau to adopt more c canly methods 13 a very urgent ono 10 The outbreaks of notifiable di case are forrer now than a couple of decades ago It is however, essential to cloch the spread of an infectious disease as soon as the outbreak The fol oiring recommendations are mado by vluch prompt control of epidemic diseases could bo effected (a) Rules should be enncted for the compulsory notifica tion to the Director of Public Health of an infections disease or any other condition associated with an abnormal number of deaths 80 that he can take inmediate action (6) Vital statistics from the district must rcach the Director of Public Health regularly overy month It is understood that rules in this connoction have been drafted by the Director of Public Herith Thore must bo euch an ngency ns will enain prompt and accurato roports (c) Extension of the health services and employment of additional sanitary staff is necessary (11) Thero slould bo a travelling Health Dispensary for prompt anti-opidome measures Sanitary training should be giren to reicnuo officials (nais tansıldars, Lanungos girdawars patwaris) who taro frequent occasion to : 11t tho villages (c) Appliances for the destruction of pests should be provided U) The patels ought to be literate 6) Tho serviccs of teachors may bo utilized in sprending hnowledgo of hygiene and training in first aid may lo arranged for them at the heallquarters hospital The importanco of hygiene publi ity work hng lxon ciplinsized This kind of rorh 1174 to be fully ay atemntired Ny5 ene Pablies Mark ·( 51 ) PITICS and wasio efficient and educative The following recommenda. tions are mande (e) The publicits staff should form part of the staff of the tourne public health dispensary () Modern app'ıances for educating the public should be prorded and handbills and personal talks should bo made available (1) Health exhibitions may be held cccasionally m des ent parts of the State (d) Closet collaboration of school teachers with the health Ecrvices is desirable Kural 1! It is understood that it 19 the intention of Govern Puackeyals meat to set up punchayats in rural areas Such punchayata, or 823|| town committees, would be able to undertake many of tha Acuisilies suggested 13 A sanitary codo might bo drewn up for the guidance of the punchayat and they might be authorized to levy a sanctation tar to meet the cost of ordinary municipal Stato grants may lo allotted for such works as are neccesars but beyond tho scope of the punchayat 14 Public health work is many sided and involves Co-operation of tho various departments of Government with cach other and with the peoplo Term work 13 essential, and there u nido scope for co xestire effort of & voluntary nature Villages which co operito and carry out the instructions of slepartmental officers should have preference in the allotment of grants for worla which cannot normally be carried out by them If the releruo autliorities could arrange that the mswaris and the patels took an active interest in the organiz aliin of lealth both the chiect would be excellent The clut to ordination of the nork of the medial and public tratth dugattudents aurantial for the rattssful carry ing out of such dessuteS as chavo suggested B Nutrition Iltough the problem of nutntion in Jaipur may laro Antire of the fratares steroliar to iloals, it is difficult to obtain a clesr idea Nutrition of the boʻ2013 n3 spona stuiy las so far b3an attempted General Problem th 1 ·and accurate data aro not avai’nblo. Tho problom is much the same in its fundamentals as in the rest of India. In Indian dietaries the following features are generally observed. Firstly, the population, taken as & rbole, is suffering from a sorious under-consumption in a quantitatiro sense. Secondly, there is a pant of balanco from the point of view of nutritional requirements. There is a preponderance of carbohydrates and ît considerable under consumption of protectire foods like vegetables and fruits and sources of mineral and fat, duo largely to their non-arailabilty at prices which peoplo cn atford. Tho consumption of protein-yielding foods liho pulses, meat, milk and mill products is also very much belon clenicntary needs. Of course, in respect of theso deficiencies there are considerablo variations between differont parts of India, the dict in somo parts of the country being far worse than in others. According to Dr. McCarrison, the people of Rajputant and those of the Punjab and the North-1Vest Fronticr belong to the moro vigorous classes, and natritional problems hero differ somewhat from those in South India Novertheless it may bo prosumed that here, as well as clsen hicro, there is deficiency in respect of both quantity and quality of food, and something can certainly be done to rectify this by a carefully planned food policy The Probleta a Jaipur 2 The chiof characteristics of the food generally con. bumed in tho Stato are as follows The bulk of tho population subsists on bayra, lorley and Jocar Wheat is used by thoso who an fairly well off The poorest sometimes uso inferior grains lihe macca In nitor, bazra 19 consumed in placo of barley. There is very littlo consumption, particularly in the diets of the poor people, of vegetables and fruits Vegetables are not arailablo cycn in somo of the town Frunts are mostly imported from outside and are, therefore, unobtainablo orecpt by fairly sell to do pcoplc Esen fruits which can bo grown casily, liho tho papierin, aro httlo grown, and ecil in the market at ratcs well aware the re ich of tho ordinary consumer. Citrus fruits and important vitamin bearing frusts like tho ama aro cobspicuously absent except in a few favoured spots Tho ·( 53 ) Besletin o ſmall is fairly large, but its common utilization in making masa to Eerto as a base for streets 13 a comparatiely Tasteful use from the nutritional point of vier Potatoes are mostly imported, and except for tho or three months in the year their price is prohibitire for the poorer consumers 3 In view of these facts we consuler that attention may Propowals particularly bo given to the following measures and suck Planning others as may increase the general availability of the foods that and mentioned A high This, of course, 13 not to suggest that it wil be possible to prorido at once an abundince of properly balanced food for tho entire population of the State But mthin the next few years, Ficha cutable eyetem of crop planning and a well thought out plan for obtaining nätritional requirements, more good food can certainly be provided than is at present available ventee of self sufficiency in food may be achieved with the d of a long term food policy (a) An attempt should be made to obtain large quantities Cercals of theat to sapplement barley and youar, if possible by odertaking the cultivation of wheat on laods which are to be brought under cultivation under the post war development schemot, or by any other methods that may be suggested by the Department of Agni culture ( 14 13 desirable also to increase the cultivation of Potaro potatoes in the State because the potato as a Cultisation source of carbohyrater, is considered to be superior to wheat, and increased potato consumption is desirable Hersts Ort and Lubbock, in their recent bool. on Feeding the People in Wat Time , express the ver than the potato 13 of spacul salue for health An Bere of potatoes gires thrice as much food as an acre of whest 16 the surest first crop off plaughed up pasture' In his book on Food Planning for tour llun Ired Miluans', Dr Radha Kamal Muberice "Protein wastage in tho dietary due to the writes formation of amon13 for ho could be effectirelt quale quantities of upotatoms, raduhes, ·(62 and accurato data are not avai blo Tho problom is much the same in its fundamentals as in tho rest of India In Indian dietaries the following ſentures are generally observed I'vrstly, the population, taken as a whole, 13 suffering from a sorious under consumption in a quantitative sonso Secondly, there is & want of balanco from the point of view of nutritional requirements There is a preponderance of carbohydrates and a considerable under consumption of protective foods like regetables and fruits and sources of mineral and fat, duo Jargely to thoir non availability at prices which peoplo on afford The consumption of protein yielding faods lho pulsca, meat, milk and milk products is also very much belon clemen tary nceds Of course, in respect of these deficioncies there are considerablo variations betreen different parts of Indix, tho diet in some parts of the country being far worse than in others According to Dr McCarrison, the people of Rajputana and those of the Punjab and the North West Frontier bclong to the more vigorous classes, and nutritional problems hicro differ somewhat from those in South India Novertheless it mas lo presumed that here, as well as clsen hicro, there is deficiency in respect of both quantity and quality of food and somothing can certainly be dono to rectify this by a crofully planned food polioy be Problem 20 Jalpur 2 The chuef characteristics of the food gonerally con sumed in the Stato aro 19 folloug The bulk of tho population slibsists on lapra, Carley and goldar Whent is used by tloso v ho are fairly well off Tho poorest sometimes uso inferior grains lihe macca In winter, bayra 14 consumed in placo of barley Thero is cry littlo consumption particularly in the dicts of the poor peoplo, of vegetables and frusts Vegetables aro not arazablo cien in some of the town Truuts are mostly imported from outside and are therefore unobtainablo oxcept by fairly well to do pcople Dien fruite uluch con bo gronn cally, hhe tho papeeta nro little grown, and sell in the marhet at rates well aboso the reach of the ordinary consumer Citatis fruits and important vitamin bearing frusts liko tlo amla ara conspicuously absent cxcept in a few furoured spoty Tho ·6 U ber (65) between diffcrent seasons and also betteen differen' towns and vlages Te recommend that any possible measures should bo tales to prevent adulteration of animal stce nith tegrieble oils D) The cultiration of fruits should seceive particular Fruits attention The planting of frut gardens will not bo undertaken in the absence of security of tenure, and improvement in this matter seems to be urgently necessary The planting of orchards should in Cacourged by every asallıhlam the grant supply of pels horticultural assistance Special attention should be niya tion of the averinant where erer срзig may Du 4 subsidiary industry ) Tho cultivation of vegetables should be specially Tegetables increased De Ayl royd made the spagestion that garderung in rural schools and other public institu trong ghould be encouraged If it 19 practicable each rural school may be supplied with some 10 or 20 highas of free land whero cultivation of vegetables may be undertolen as of part of the school work It has been pointed out to as that the villagers' lack of regetables is due not merely to their scarcity but also to west of taste for them and ignoranco of their diet value The cultivation of vegetables in schools may be holpful in rectifying this particu Jarly if these products are occasionally distribut-d fro to the Slagers through the children We also soggest that specially Cheap rates may be allowed by the State Railway for the transport of segetables to duperent areas Again the debydration process has come to etay as an agricultural industry and may be dereloped here Vegetables produced in large quan titra duning the farourable seasons could perbaps be stored in a dehydrated condition for other seasons The Troksitletics in this direction should be care fully studied, and the advice of the experts nom being sent to Inda might be obtained To ciecute thice schemes of nutritional plooming the roterorent blould harc a long pened food policy and of Food Photo Wanted pwxeble atoul Department the main preoccupation of which thepartment ·cin bo Pulscs the Soya Bcan & are not only rich in carbohydrate but also in allah, Vitamin C and iron " Experiments made in the Punjab in growing, various Scotch linds of potato huo yielded orcellent results Besides potatoes, root vegetables Ithe radishes and beetroot mas ho grown more extensively, particularly bocauso these grown in this soul furis eas is (c) Pulses aro of great importance as sourco of proteca In this locality tho bulls of the population 19 vego tarsan According to Dr Aykroyd, the consumption of pulses in India should increase by about hundred per cent This can be taken as applying to our Stato The possibilities of a wide oxtension of leguminous cultivation interspersed with other crops, and of the further use of ground put as a food, may be considered It may also be investr gated whiother the cultivation of tho soy a bean an bo undertakon Tho soja horn 19 sometimes described as the frondor crop of the age Its food values aro cnorinous, becauso it is not only an orcellent source of protein and fat but also an excellent substitute for milk and milk products 'The range of by pro ducts in this caso is incredibly largo and would make possiblo tho dovelopment of a large number of subsi diary manufacturing processes In the USA thus las become a multi million dollar industry If it is found possible to cultivato this bern tho starting of manufacturing processes aliould be planned simultane ously Wo aro the moro hopeful because the soja Leon 18 e lardy plant thriving ösen on poor soil, and cxperiments made in cultivating it in Sind aro roported to have been ortrenely favourblo (1) In rogard to mill and mill products it is necessary that a much larger production should be planned, an] milk sliould bo arailable in much larger quantities ! both villages and towns But it is also 110ccsorry to plan i noro proper utilization of thio availablo supni It should bo possiblo to dos clop arcas wluch oro now "culturablo vaste A good fodder areas and Jain ing as a modern industry subedian) to ngricultur should ho undertal on with tho a991341nco of tho Strto Tho possibility of dos cloping a condensed mth and milk powder industry may lo incatigated In Inding there is an occellent mari ct for both thicro prorlucts , but such production line saluto also from iho point of view of local neceis since thero 19 con Biderable variation in the quantitics of market suppls Milk and MIL Products ·ribanas meatoned in the appendix bare schools now. To day 16. Trast his as many s$ 238 schools in the State of Jaipur, Ikutotended to add 100 more to this number during the 7 trc of the year Thus within a year there will, it hoped, be a school din bote miles of ecerg village e think, horrerer, that on three miles 29 too far for small children to go, and should Tro miles to be the limit of distance Further thag imme- Bla plan, while bringing schools near to all villages, pro des for only a tiny fraction of the number who, under & istem of universal education, spould attend We now consider it problem of the provision necessary for universal primary lacalan The total population of the State according to the census ( 1811 29 30,40,876 and the number of children between the het sy of 5 and 10 ya giren 43 4,38,986, and of those between 10 Id 15 R$ 3,54,551 Wo may perhaps tahe the primary school. pocas populatian 89 Approximately 5,00,000 The total number bow receifing lastruction in primary schools is 24,279, and 25 rhetoalat and muktabs 11 110, a total of about 35,000 Te amounts to only 7 per cent of the primary schoolgoing population on the catimato made above Tho total number of primary school is 481, and there are 373 chawolds and muldigbe, the srerage attendance per school kung 43 iſ on this vagis te make provision for the remain 193 primary schoolgoing population, we shall need nearly 11.un moro school Actualiy, however, some schools could La conserted into dagble teacher schools, and 10,000 additionat acbools would probably moct practically all requirements This would be a conreniegt figure to work sith profesionally If wonenme that tbo Brerage cost of building school Ils 1.009 then the total buldog cost of new schools would If we eestime further that the recurring cost of A ungin teacher is Rs 300, the recurring cost of the addi. tronal schools will amount to Rs 30 lakhs If there were tipo Wu bng aclimau, llx cost would probably be in the neighbour baol of B1 33 lakh. It is the opinion of the Committee that bol i more ·( 66 ) would be (a) to cacourage coordination between tho Health, Rerenue and Agriculture Departments, (b) to propngato ideas about proper diet, and (c) to plan smtablo measures for the control of consumption, if necessary Futare A detailed study of the dietetic conditions by nutritional Study and Propaganda erperts may be arranged for from timo to timo Surtible schemes of diet appropriato to difforent cl18ses of people should be worhed out through the State Health Department, and information concerning these should do giren 101 small pamphlets in the local languages, and widely distributed to th public SECTION F Education (1) ELEMENTARY EDUCATION It is desirable that elementary education should bo mado universal throughout tho Stato Tinancially, this 19 mado easier in Jaipur Stato by the immenso ortent of privato muni ficenco The disposition of the schools should be carefully planned upon & geographical study of the wholo Stato, and 10 such a way that tho children of no villago shail lavo moro than tiro milca to travel to school A noto from Captain Pande shows that the problem of making primary education accessible to all is already being dealt with energetically in tlic Stato The Birla Education Trust," writos Captain Pande, which at present controls tho largest number of villago schools zu ia tdo State, conducted an educational survey of tho Stato at placed before itself as to laro a school within thrco miles of overy villago From all tho information it could procuro from the list of schools published by the Stato and from reports of unofficial agencies, it was found that if the State and schools in tho villages giren in the Appendix“, bnrring thio hilly tracts, licro villages aro too far apart from ono another, tho aim outlined by the Trust would be achiored Tho Trist has Inunched programmo of opening of school and 100 of tho See Arrartir J The aim ·rilisgas mentioned in the appendu hate schools now. To-day the Trust kss as many as 238 schools in the State of Jaipur, and it u intended to add 100 more to this nuraber during tho cour of the year" Thus within a year there will, it is hoped, be a school within three miles of every village We think, however, that cren (hree miles us 100 far for braall children to go, and should like two miles to be the limit of dulance. Farther this imme. date plan, while brlaging schools near to all villages, pro ndes for only a tray fraction of the number who, wkler A system of universal education, youll attend We non coasıder the problem of the provision necessary for universal primary Jacation Tlc total population of the State according to the census of 1941 30,40,876 and the number of children bedsreca the nye of $ and 10 us given 15 4 38 988, and of those between 10 and 15 as 3,54651 1'e may perhaps take the primary schoolgarag population as approximately 5,00,000 The total number 20% receiring mastruction in primary schools x 24,279, and in chatodlar and muktaba 11,110, a total of about 35,000 Tbus amounts to only 1 per cent of the primary schoolgoing population on tho catenato made above The total number of primary school is 181, e8d there are 373 ratsalds and multabı, the srerage attendance per school king 43 H on this basiq we make provision for the remain ina primary schoolgaing population, he shall need nearly 11,10%) moro school Actually, howeser, some schools could In converted into double teacher schools, and 10 000 additional mbool would probably weet practically all requirements This would be a contenent figure to work with profusionally 11 a puume that the arcrage cost of building a school ia la I then the total building cost of new schools would hotector If we assume further that the recurring cost of a nuzlo kscher u Rs 300, the recurring cost of the addifogal Achools will staount to Pa 30 lakhs II there were tom texcher khools this post would probably be an iho neighbour hal of Rs Slalu It is the opinion of the Committee that ·(58) all new schools should bo double or multiple teacher schools and provision should, therefore, bo mndo for tho latter figure It will be clear from these figures that universal primary education in this Stato is not an immediato practicable roºst bility A twenty fire year plan is, therefore proposed sith the object of providing the required number of schools by tho ond of that period This Tould insolve the setting up of 400 additional schools es cry year with an annual capital expendi ture of Rs 4 lalhs Tho recurring cost rould rise by 12 lakhs every year We recommend the lery of an education cess both in Khalsa and Non Klalo& areas, and consider that the receipts under this head may be estimated at Rs 16 Inkhe With the proceeds of the cducation cess and Arded by privato munificence, we consider that the Stato sloukl bo able to innnco a scheme on these lines Thero can bo no doubt that tho provision of additional facilities for education is ono of the most urgent problems facing the Stato The present figuro of literacy in tho wholo Stato 19 5 3 per cent literacy among malcs boing I 4 per cont, and among womon only 85 per cent The total number of hitetto peoplo in a population of over 30 lahlis is only 100 000 It is clear that if any substantial progresy is to be made education must be gren a foremost placo llenco thc pro posal to introduce smisersal primary cducation in n tsenty five year potiod Tverything possible should be done to secure the selling co operation of parents By proj aganda both official and unoflicial they should bo słown that the advantages of cdu cntion to their children får mioro thun componente for their own inconvenience and that tle brneht 19 lost if the children do not remain at school for the full primary couno Thicre should be put pris ssion for guls educatioti Ag will orercomo tho seruples of parents it would do an imenso adiantage from every point of sicer of ono free not a day could be proruled Perhaps priato generosits could maht suci parusa pion by endomment Tho expenso youll be great but no would particularis emphasize the fact that money could to ·(59) pleat in no more profitable ras The physical and mental fiert of living proper food at least once & day throughout the jeans of childhood 23 incalculable Then there is the fermoncilung effect upon patents, and finally the opportunity of setting an example in properls nutritire diet Another quastion to be considered 10 many places is that of frep arerade Ibe education given should, me think, be closely related daily 11, respect both of domestic and social environment tal of rellano occupations Ered very young children can get zoper nicas about hygiene and sautation and antipest measures 2.9d so on permanently fixed in their minds This is already part of the Jaipur curriculum for primary schools And ! Fen st the primary stage much can bo taught about nght modact and relations between neighborrs As for occupational of oral training it seems desirable to continue to experiment su velncted schools with the principle involved in the "basic" mant bond a craft being studied not necessarily in preparation for practuring it bat in such a way as to traw the physical and mann's faculties of the pupů and also to lead through the mely craft to various branches of knowledge and action Oled to it Isus method sluch is useleg and tasteful Onliness it has been carefully studied Not erery teacher in cope with it even after training "The experiment should 1 hectome bo on a small scale and the teachers 50 selected as to fire the experiment & fate chanec It is pointed out in Captain Tandes ngle that one case for the frequent lapsing ito Hiteracy of those who have had zindary school education 23 unst the two teen given to read at school has Rot stimulated an internat in the world around them which they will eart to so on utfyuf Ibo Bita F ducalional Irust u inning out tus leading bookt usted to 81x classes and ages toy inmars ahoslt an icon. Ang of lessons on all the subjects *lich lould be stoise Thesis 1904, Baze Captain Mercig slay raience agriculture posts tints in ...

·( 58 ) all not schoole should be double or multiplo teacher schools and provision should, therefore, be made for the latter figure It will be clear from these figures that unisersal primary education in this Stato is not an immediato practicablo poesi bility A twenty five year plan is, therefore, proposed with the object of providing the required number of schools by the ond of that period This would inrolro the setting up of 100 additional schools every year with an annual capital expendi turo of Rs 4 lalhs The recurring cost would rise by 22 lablis every year We recommend the levy of an education cers both in Khalsa and Non Khalsa arers, and consider that tho receipts under this head may be estimated at Rs 16 lakhs With the proceeds of the education cess and aided by privato munificence, we consider that the State should bo able to finance a scheme on these lines There can bo no doubt that the provision of additional facilities for cducation is one of tho most urgent problem facing the State The present figure of htcracy in tho s holo State is 63 por cent, literacy among males being 9 4 per cont, and among women only 85 per cent Tho total number of fitornto peoplo in a population of over 30 lakhs is onls 1,02,000 It 18 clear that of any substantial progress 1 to be made education must be given a foremost plico Hence the pro posal to introduco insersni primary education in a twenty. five year period Everything possible should be done to secure trio willing co operation of parents By propaganda both oflical and unofficial they should bo shown that the adrantages of cdu cntion to their children for more than compensato for their Osn inconscienco and that tlie benefit 19 lost if tho children do not remain at school for the full primary couno There should lc such prorision for girls' education as will orcrcomo tho scruples of parents It would be an immense adunntage, from every point of view, if ono ſreo menl day could be proruded Perhaps prato generosity could make auch provi Hon us endorment Tho expense would be great, but so would particularis ampliasizo the fact that money could be ·(0) kustang Fork were publebed by Gorerament, since this roald easure an cract conforests to needs sed mould be economical. Tee post abroaa scheme in adult dacation is that of crering or das clases, thronghoat the cold weather, for those whose school education bas been rpt short They should be Leld at schools, by teachers who would receive an hono a now, and their range of eabjects would be aloost as mida As the school curriculum in connection with the Rural Dere. opreet Scheme, adult setools were opened is a large number of Jaspus silloges en 1939, and a tcrised and detsiled scheme for special adult schools in villages us before the Raral Deve lopment Board It 2 EBCCESORTy for us to duplicate the Bosred's Oscussion of this matter Bat we shoald like to make tro suggestions 113 hen an adult school 23 established in a village, would bot be right, by limitation of the size of classes, to exclude any one who desires to learn Ar! preputed to attend regularly This srould have a dystrous effect on the people's wants If the classes become loc large se u roperalire that supplemental arrangements should be se vor should there be ad age limit, provided ferson 19 fit for education (2) Horerer great the import so of adult education, it should sa do cage be given prefer came to the girersaling of children's education at the rimary klage, and after measures to maintain and enlarge to knowledge thus gained The extension of primary educa tions superior in importance to esory other educational Amreloment shaloerer tu nerassry that training 29 auult education sliouk bo Firen 10 trery leicher in h13 training course Ile should, furthry, tereire la ties must special preparation for thin general lesilership which will be increasingly expected of fiun in & vells Ilus desirable that all ligte traploycts of labour stoeld Linu! alult -books for lim olacation of the employees thient factors of other concerns in Jerursy tho este Daion lectuning begun by tlie start of the Saluraja's College should to developed, aoul ( to a through.

·(60) world affairs, etc The children, while learning the language through the book, will simultancously get instruction in subjects which are trught to them at present as separato subjects through books thich are not interesting reading Instruction by means of slides, films and radio might be systematized and greatly ertended It is necessary to raise the salaries, and thus tho statura, of teachers in elementary schools, in order to improro tho efficiency of teaching by making the profession attractivo to better equipped porsons and relioving them of acuto personni anxioty and hardslup Every teacher should be trained, and unt ained teachers in servico, whother government or prnato, should bo deputed for training as early as possible (2) Literacy and Adult Education We suggest that a thoroughly representatro Stato Literacy Council might be formed, and entrusted with the planning and supervising of a scheme to bring about univcrsal literacy in tho State It is indood worthy of consideration whether tho wholo schemo of adult cducation might not best bo entrusted to such a body In ciery sphicro unofficial cooperation is to be encouraged diorcover thero 13 a tendency to respond moro readily to a moj ement thnt in plan and operation 19 largely unofficial Again, the extent of privato educationni munifi cenco in the Stato gireg point to this proposal In the towns much of the literacy work can bo donc by tho atudents and schoolboys In villagos the work might bo ontrusted to tho villago schoolinastor a bonus being giron him for each person mnde litorato This would not result in ang tung liho universal literney but it might bo a very uscful beginning and could at first bo triod in eclected sillages It 19 necessary also to sco that litomcy, onco acquired 14 not lost An arrangement might bo malo for continued guidanco by to villago teacher Thero should bo in cachi rullage A library of simplo books in the scrnaculars It would bo sell of both these books and tho boole required in tho ·L&I* *ork were published by Gosernmest, since this would Beare an cract conformity to needs and mould bo economical The mos$ obstoas scherzo ia adult education 23 that of eredlog or dir classes, throughout the cold weather, for tback * hoxe school education has been cut short Ther should be tel 5 shopis, by teachers klo rould recerré an hoao a man and their range of subjects would be almost as wido as thosehool rurnculaIn connection with the Raral Deve opmert Scheme, adult schnole mere opened in a large sitimber of Jaspur villages in 1939, and a scrised and detailed scheme for special adult schools in villages is before the Raral Defe Sopment Board it is unnecesaury for us to dupucato the Bonnia Cuscusson of thus ut er Bat we should like to miko two goggestions (1) When an adult school is Labluhed in a pillage it would not be right, by Rotation of the «uc of classes, to excluda any cas ako desires to learn 2nd 13 gwepared to attend regularly Tbus rould have a 1817019 effect on the people's minds If the classes become 100 largest is imperative that supplemental arrangements lywould be fondo Yor should there be an age limit, provided the person is fit for education (2) Horerer great the import auto of adult education, it should in no case be given prefer face to the unsererling of children's education at the primary tlage and after woraures to maintain and enlarge 1 Loonbedio tkus gainer! The extension of primary educa tion 19 A2pcssot in importance to every sther educational desclopment whatsoerer Mecausry that training in adult education should buy goren to every teacher in his training course Ke Akaula, (nther sofexto in this courte special preparation for the gamemaJestlership which will bo inetesslagls espected of 22 Atillo lt u dirable that all largo employers of labour ploull ali i ndyhools for llc clucation of tlio employees 10 1 Le factonici u oster oncerns in Jaipur Cits tas eile as on lecturing begun isytho staff of tho Vaataja College should le dercloped, and in towns through ·(60) world affairs, etc The children, whilo learning tho lungungo through the booh, wall simultaneously get instruction in Buljects which are taught to them at present rs scparate subjects through books which are not interesting reading" Instruction by means of slides, Allms and radio might be bystomatized and greatly ortonded It is necessary to raise tho salaries, and thus the status, of teachers in olementary schools, in order to improro tho efficiency of teaching by making the profession attractno to botter equipped porsons and rellosing them of acuto personal anxiety and hardship Erory teacher should be trained, and unt ained teachers in sery.co, whether government or privato, slıould bo deputed for training as oarly as possible (2) Literacy and Adult Education We suggest that a thoroughly representatro Stato Latcracy Council might be formed, and entrusted with the planning and sapori sing of a schemo to bring about universal literacy in tho Stato It is indeed worthy of considerntion whether tho »holo sohomo of adult education might not best le entrusted to such a body In ei cry sphero unofficial co oporation 18 to Do encouraged Worcover there is a tendency to respond moro readily to n morement that in plan and operntion 19 Inrgely unofficial Again, tho extent of prii ato educational munificenco in the Stato gives point to tius proposal In tho towns much of the literacy work can be done by tho students and schoolboyz In iagos the work might bo ontrusted to the village schoolinastor bonus being guen lum for cach poreon mada hiternto This would not result in anything liko universal literacy but it might bo a very useful beginning, and conld at first bo triod in eclected villages It 18 ncccssary also to sco that htorcs, onco scquired 14 not lost An arrangement might bo inado for continuesi Thero should be in cncia guidance by tho sublago lcicher village a hurary of simple books in the crnaculars It would be rell v both these books and the books required in tho ·183) As courto soald to itself prorus a good al round education, ved there shocll be rersion frith this end to view This course, cren of admits a certain amont of choice, should in the main farve uaform There are still 898 ha irragiae that at the fearl farm stage a pupil can be expected to decide whether ho # 313 to the distrsity, and eren what course he will take shore sad that be should make choice of school options Acordung! There should be do such specialistaga at the school stage lle canarder that the high school course and essamation should be such that the pupil mall be free at the wat stage to take any course far thich ke u fitted by abihty without dependence on prior special study at school {4) Vajfersity Edacation Pod in Jaipur and elsewhere the reconstruction of SURFEMRIT Clacation 180 urgent question, since its present montert sad methods are but itt}e suited to the production of welfarmed self reliant and effectise citizens Adam 10should wo think be restricted to those who can profit by university education This restriction shenid be accomplulce partis by adoptuag a lugh standard of admission la some proriaces the matnculation certifica 38 regularly **a drd to cindidates who ste ndculonsly unfit for higher 112 iş and perhaps nowhere is the standard of admission that Pohould be Another means of restriction is to cease to give Itelegraec la graduates in filing asaray elencal appointments **b #uld raibes te filled by competitive examination baini on siecial course of allice training to the course, Arxi bottes deplorga course: commercial technical and so on, mangoloutl be duserted on the cow.lein of lax bougla steak reure un eselset Such coasers following on the bigh school ruuminaliou might hell tuo conducted by the University, and a Birthly diphos might be given Perrors who are not tell marted to drico courrim will more Mingiş forego them if they ranch Sobium a diTercat sort of recogastion by tho university *&lr more and cursatuas can perhaps best le controlled by the unir molts ·( 62 ) out the Stato anch locturos might bo delu cred regularly hop Visiting locturers from tho colleges and by other This tork might be under the control of the Jnharaja's Collego Estension Lectures Committeo Catonsion lecturing would continuo to bo lionorary rork It should have a frido mingo, sorging with audience and subject Thiero mny be scholarly lectures, in English or Hindustani, and very simplo ones in Ilindustani for those with littlo education For tho lattor, films and slides should frequontly be used Distinguishod visitors should bo invited to gro lectures of tho former trpo in Jaipur, and if possiblo in other towns Tho camp system in rhich a group of mombers of tho college staff remain for a week or so in a noſfusıl placo, giving talks and demonstrations and becoming intimato with tho peoplo, may be tried It has been ortreino bliccessful in Mysore This worh may bo shared by school teachers and others Sutablo locturcs or scries of lecturor should afterwards bo published by Gosernment, in Urdu and Hindi Regular courscs for oducated pooplo in particular subjects, might bo triod They would bo held in tho mornings or tho ovening Thoso enrolled would pay a foo and their study would be supervised Tho lecturers would rocciso an honor Tor such cl1930s tlicro 19 A very groat domand in Turopo but hero it miglit bc neccesary to stimulato tho domond by 1550ng and recognizing a certificato of proficiency ritim In Scandinavia there is an ostremely succossful gyatom by luch cıployecs of Gororament and of firms aro deputed for n period of somo months to attend clagece in subjects relato i to their professional work and thus incrciso their efficiency This also 19 worthy of consideration (3) High School Education Wo agro with tho prosalent vior trint there shoul i bon singlo bigh school coure, intended both for thoso ulio will ultimately 60 tho university and thoso w bo till not, and that ·Paperi of both knowledge and mental discipline They Al bare komt A way of thought and be which **)}} Ways $ to kapriness and usefuioess; and they must in all well equipped for citizensoy 198 songest means towards 1 Dsing to the specialization of bonours studenta li sot be se to desole to ibis travaug so much time {&um pass Des, but * 35 possible la carious ways to raciado un e breedte and thus y particularly descable for 13 stadenke al science *) I tres sem strange soradays, when the present darreraty education so ridely condemned ks too books and literary", to propose that a good Sest of time--more than at present should be spent by rrent student, arts of Kience, on the study of Iterature (partly, but sot entirely, English literature) There are many, boterer, o sealsze that nos thyself" (and knox kamar osture, with the deepest posible insight and eyupatby) 13 still the paramount am of education, and tūat of thead much else teratard u the best teacher, besides ata valug as Bitkisg the most worthy sort of dorght The plan, Loseter, most o that of fairly wide seading, within to stødent'a zaoge, and must aut menzog gent Ad mtelligent appreciation, not anaolation or summaris- 19 or 128 Parrot oso of critical terms There 19 no tudent who cannot profit greatly yy such a studya nghtly directed Mach defends on the plan, bat moro on the teacher, who must be chosen for 128 intelligrace, wat for detraction hecured by the stanamning of sigon itizens 4 we abeership (some & Fery hugh seria, but all in an important gense) in the entical years of reconstrution. They will have to meet, and should Las able to help in wling, the various problesos, and *** tutir endt mels meuble duty to gays and to dikemaste ascorsie infortation igarding these tod fine guidaner to the general thought Those # ko become teachers, in particulat, mil have a great stupouubility of their pupus sa these matters The problemi ein In Classic B5 political, economic, intalnal, *x34), nad on, but all 45 interrelated.

·(64) It is the genoml pion throughout India that the B 4 or B Sc courso, Whether pass or honours, should be a continuong three years course, but that this is impossible until there 179 hcen a complete reorganization of Ingh school education and an extension of it to includo an ortra year, which 19 now the junior intermediate year Wo agree as to the three years course, but consider that, for the present at lent, that ycar should be taken in college, 18 A Feir of special properation for the university course, under tho instruction of the collego stall, and under college conditions of life and work This 13 a year, intermediate between school and college, of wlucli tho greatest uso can be mado Tho student, who will ns a rule have studied up to this point through his crnacular, will now use the English medium, and by this practicc, and by special instruction in tho languago, will becomo fit for a satis factory 10 of this medium sben, in tlio following year, lo begins lus university course proper lo will also at this stago bo given some instruction in subjccts pertaraing to citizenshup But, besides, tho work of this preliminary year, and thio cromi ration concluding it, will include subjects preparntory to a specific university course A beginning in specialization will be made and the students fitness for this will be tested and there be decision also as to mluch students aro fit for honours studies Thus, not only is there no need to deny tho introduction of the three years degree course until school education line lieen reorganized and catended but there aid sort great acli antages inloving the preliminary year in college. 1o aso inclined to thunk that thero should bo separto honours courses not simply the obtaining of honours by distinction in pass papers and in somo orto papers AS WAT emphasised by the Calcutta Unuscrsity Commission students of outstanding ability aro handicapped by being made to proceed througli cha peke course at tho speed and with tho scopi full to pass men In the training of both pass and honours stud ale it must L the purpo-c of the unirersity to produce really educated soen 1 ·66 ) A respekt of both knowledge and mental discipline Thor flould have leamt & may of thought and life which will Trays lead to happiness and usefulness, and they must in all ho fell equipped for citizenship me suggest means towards the end Owing to the specialization of honours students they will not be able to devote to this training so much time A11ko pats men, but it is possible in Famous PAJS to include tam in its benefits, and thus is particplarly desirable for honours students of scichco ta) It may seem strange nokadays, when the present anirersity educativa 3 80 widely condemned us too "bookah and literary", to propose that a good deal of time--more than at present should be spent bs erers student, arts or science, on the study of literature (partly, but not entirely, English literature) There are many, katerer, who realise that "Inox kyself" (and Laos human nature, with the deepest posible insight and sympathy) is stdl the paramount aim of education, and that of this and much else Iteraturo u the best teacher, besides us valve 23 giring the most worthy sort of de sght The plan, howerer, must be that of fairly mide reading, within tkontodents range, and must aim at edjoyment and intelligent appreciation, not annotation or summaris ing or the parrot use of cntical terms There is no student who cannot proſt greatly by Buch a study, mgttis directed Mach depends on the plan, but more on the teacher, bo must be chosen for his intelligence, sot for distinction secured by the cramming of forgon (&) Fducation for citizenshin pre ulap must go far bu the present cour graduates of the eu HILL occups A onion of leadership (somo la very high sense, but all in an important sense is the crtical years of econstruction They will bayo to moet, and should Wo able to telp in voising the sanous problemas, and 16 w their exit melt responsible duty to gain and to duseminato arcurato information regarding these and gite guidance to tho general thought Those who kercizio teachers, in particular, *ill have a great jubility their pupula in those matters Tha problemi con le classified as political, economic, indarra! **13), and so on, but all aro jatorrelated, ·It 13 the general tiem throughout India that tho B A OT 3 Sc course, a lether pass or bonours, should be a continuoua three years course, but that this is impossiblo until there has been a complete reorganization of lugh school education and an extension of it to include an ostra year, mbich 18 nos tha junior intermediate year Wyo agrco as to tho threo jer course, but consider that, for the present at least, that year should be taken in college, as a year of special preparation for the university course, (inder the instruction of tho collego start, and under college conditions of life and work This 18 a year, untermediate between school nnd college of wel tho greatest use can bo mado The student, who will as rulo hare studied up to this point through dus vernacular, wl? now use the English medium, and by this practico, and by special instruction in the languago, will becomo fit for n satis factory use of this medium mcn, in the following year, lo begins bus university courso proper Ho will also at thus blago bo given somo instruction in subjects pertaining to citizenship But, bcaides, the work of the preliminary year, and the examı nation concluding st, }l includo subjects preparatory to a specific university courso A beginning in specialization till he made, and the student's fitness for this will be tested and there will be decision also as to which studenta oro fit for honours studies Thus, not only is there no need to delny tho introduction of the three years degree courgo untıl school cducation has been reorganized and extended but shcro nio very great advantages in laying this preliminary year in college Iro aro inclined to think that thero should do separato Honours courses not simply tho obtaining of honoura luz distinction in pasa pagsers and in sono com papers As wax cmphasised by the Calcutta University Commission, atulonia of outstanding ability aro bandicapped by being made to proceedi through the pasa course at tro sprecl and sath tho ecojxo furtad to pass men In tlio tmining of both pass and honours stadcate it rnune in the purpose of the universits to produce really clucated inen ·opent of Dota koorledge and mental discipline They Erld tosse learnt & BF of thought and lửa which will kad ta happiness and usefulness, and they must in all ways hom se'l snipped for citizenship te suggest means towards 12x sol. Oring to the specialization of bonours studenta they ml not be able to devote to this training eo much tube to the pua maa but st 33 posible in Farious ways to vidlade tie201 do its benefits and the is particularly desirable for borasraadents of scicace may seem strange nowadays, when the present wird*sity srstics is to ridely condemned es too fokush and literary , to propose that a good deal of time more than at present should be spent by erery etsidest, arts or Bence, on the study of literature (pastly, bat dat entuely, Eagluh literature Tamme are many, bakerer, who realise that "know tbyser (and knox human nature, with the deepest portale insight and as mpathy) 13 stui the paramount air of education, and that of this and much else Pterature 2: the best teacher, besides its value 93 giring de zaost sortky sort of de gat The plan, bowerer, must be that of fauly wide reading, within te students raage, and must also at enjoyment and ntelligent appreciation, not annotation CF summarus. 19, or the parrot use of critical terms there is no student wha cannot pruit greatly by sued a study, niglinis directed Muels depends on the plan, but mort on the teacber, wo must be chosen for bis talebgrace, not for distinction secured by the cramming of zergon 1 tzen The и азив өзі оссару в mai ina of ksdetstip (some in a very high sense, in all in on toportant rose) m the critical jeons of Tooxcaction. Thes !! bass to meet, and should in able to help la wany, the vanos problcros, bod 11 * tkor extr mes esponsible duty to gain and to dummins morale information regarding these and fire fusdanto to the general thought Those bio Previous teacher, to panicular il lave great syaibuaty est pupils in the matters The problemas tar in chaud es political, economic, blazinul ****, pd so on, bal as are interrelated ·( 66 ) and our idea must bo to start from the actur! problems, consider them in all aspects, and help to solso thom in the light of past experience and of tho principles derired from t1119 Thero wil als 779 bo necd for the theoretic specialist m each sphero, but there is rory great need nor for a body of citizens who haro a propor understanding of the issues and cin set an examplo of restraint and impartiality This is tho most important function of tho graduato in tho nerr futur, and if he 19 to perform it well ho must spend a good deal of his time at collego on a systematic course that might be called Present day Problems It would be inost cducatic course, full of human interest and requiring tho application of strict scientific method and those who passed through it could not casily bo deluded by catch words and looso and sentimental arguments It might also, in social so rico faro its practical Bido Discussion would play an importnnt part, and in theso matters cren more than in others students must bo onroumged to think for themselves For this course it will bo necessary to find university teachors with sufficient comprehensireness of know ledge and understanding And not only in this but in all dopartments of university studs it must bo romcmbored that the qualities required for first rato research and for first rato teaching aro not the enmo, though research within 1113 capacity almaya lielp, the teacher () Eicry Jaipur student should be roll up in the listory of Rajputann and should find inspiration in the Further, the artistic gifts that are characteristic of the region should bo gnen opportunity of deseloj mont, not merely in collcgo societies but also by mcans of the curnculum, in ufuch to study of Indian art architecture, and craftsmanslup, with a spehal Jaipur reference, slıould occup3 an inportant place (1) The arts students should not be allowed to learo the University in ignorance, n9 is non ugunl of oven the simpleat facts and principles of science das scicnco should be a compulsory subject in arheory Itemmento importanco in preparation for liro 14 cmphasreed by sta inclusion as a compulers Hubject in the ICS Examination and in the stormoli, it 15 desirable think crert student should obtain sunio idea of scientific method and also of the rignificanco I very ·TI (67) cf recent scientific discovery and thought an elaborate or tanha 13 ntelligent tance with the ww110 educated man should be withoat this At present eren students of <cence are frequently without it, being concerned only with the facts of their science and not its own wyer relationships and meaning On these studies essential to all & considerable amount be will be spent. A good deal of it may be in the preli. sury sear bat much 11 tl remain for the greater matunty the day the cours" Eren the pasg graduate, however, *t bare also a thorough training in a group of op 1onal sub forts and this will be mado possible despite the claims of the como a subjects we have mentioned by the continuity of the those years corre, so that the curriculum while immensely Emelumire than that now prevalent, will be at least as Iazu opt onal sabjccts as that of other universities, not to speak of the high standard of instruction and examining which 9.9. ted upon le do not wish to go into details regarding optionals, but ut that an attempt should be made (a) to relate every 21 in dels caperience and (4) to accompany the study of artimular subject with such subsidiary studies as are neces fur the genuine understanding of it It 13 suggested also that in all stu ly of Indian hutory spec al attention should be muid to the cultural traditions of th Indian peoples, and to .: 5 un ly as may be found among them so that mutual onlowning an l apprecistion may be cultivated Thus the unirenity will be playing its part in the development of wbat ral called an Indian culture Fufstas post there should be a system of tutorial Enlign for its lants and thinte sboald be a regular system of dus deinaufryme maquinng the contribution of each student and (16*1* lu orn thought Besides such classes for furt place as), te them shouli bo other equally systematic deri nelung Axlet surtes Ini the wholo system of Songs sup PTH 37 should be earh as to make every ·(60) ånd our idca must bo to start from the actual problems, consider them in all aspects, and help to solve them in the light of past experienco and of the principles derired from tlus Thero will alırats bo need for the theoretic specialist in cich sphere, but tliere 18 rory great need now for a body of citizens who have a proper understanding of the issues and can set an csample of restrunt and impartiality This is tho most important function of the graduato in tho nei futur', and if he is to perform it tell ho must spend a good deal of his timo n college on a systematic course that might bo called 'Present day Problems It would bo & most educativc course, full of human interest and requiring the application of strict scientific incthod, and those who passed through it could not easily be deluded by catchwords and looso and sentimental arguments It might niso, in socul 80 vico, haso its practical sido Discussion would play an important part, and in theso matters cien more than in otlicrs students must be oncourged to think for themselves For thus courro it will bo necessary to find unus creity tenchors with sufficient comprchcnsirences of know. lcdgo and understanding And not only in the but in all departments of university study it must bo rememborcd that the qualitics required for first rato recorrch and for first rate touching nro not tho same, though rcccarel sitlun lis ciprcity always helps tho teacher (c) Crery Jaipur student sliould bo voll up in the history of Rajputans, and should find inspiration in this Further, tho artistic gifts that are characteristic of tho region should bo gnen opportunity of des clop ment, not merely in collogo bocictics but also by means of tho curriculum, in wlucha tho study of Indian art, architecture, and craftsmanship, with a special Jaipur rcfe ence, should or cupy an important place (1) Tho arts students should not be allowed to Ionio the University in ignorance as 13 nok usual, of cren the simplest facts and principles of science Isery day science ghould lio a compulsor; fubject in schools Its immenso importaner in propamtion for life 14 emphasised by iti inclusion as a compulsory subject Ju tho I CS Examinntion and in the ustrersity it 18 desirable tlint cient student should obtain somo idea of scientific method and also of the significanco ·of recent scientific discovery and thought Without An elaborate or technical course it is possible to obtain an intelligent sed, 80 far as it goes, accurate, acqaauttance with these matters, and no educated man should be without this At present eren students of CICACE are frequently mthout it, being concerned only with the facts of their science and not its own wider relationships and meaning Ontheon etuciics esecntial to all, & considerable amount of timo trill be spent A good deal of it may be in the preli minary year, but much will remata for the greater matunty of the degree courses Esen tho pass graduste, however, must bard also a thorough training in a group of op ional sub 3ect* and thus till bo made possible, despite the claims of the connavn subjecta tro laro mentioned, by the continuity of 1]>o Share yet course 80 that the curriculuni, thule immensely noro educatiro than that now presalent, will be at least as Brong in opt onal subjects as that of other turersities, not to Apeal of the highe standard of instruction and cxamuung which must be 29110 mpon We do not rush to go into details regarding optronals, but avageat that an attempt should be madde() to relato overy *ludy to duly experience and (b) to accompany the etody of # particular subject with such subsidiary studies as are neces mary for the ground understanding of zt It is suggested also that in all riu l of ladian history spec al attention should be paid 10 t/ o cultural cridation of the ladian peoples, and to Febs unies at any to fauni among them, so that mutual nalotan ling and appreciatio i usy be culturated Thus tho puerity mill bo playing its part in the dovelopment of what rarle called an Infin cultime So far as possibl there should do a setom of tutorial brne for nuleat and there ekonld be a regular sistem of mmon cfangme requiring the contribution of each student and the excitie of hit oun thought Besides such clasacs for My a'u cabects there should bo other equally systematic 94114 los A sider surre! in the whole pystem of tay trio sbould bs such as to malo erory ·(08) student, in howevor limited a sense, A resourch workor, mahing and testing discos cries of his own In tho case of honours and post graduato degrees the writton oxaminations (or the production of a thesis, where this is provided for) should be supplemented by a tri roce oxamination, to which considerable importanco should be attached (5) A University for Japur Wo tlunk it desirable that a nor univorsity should be ostablished for the State of Jaipur, with its liendquartors and administration in this city Tho present affiliation to Agrs University and (in rospect of the Intermediato Crominntion) to tho Rajputana and Ajmer Board is in many ways unsatisfactors, and it 19 only by constructing a unisorsity of our own that the adeas mentioned abovo can bo carried out Thcro will be constituent colleges, undor tha diroct administration of the university, in Jaipur cits but thero will also bo rocognized colleges, under tho superrision but not tho management of the turersity, at Pilani and perhaps clsen hero in tho Stato, and moroover thoro nro adiantages in admitting to affiliation colleges in other states of Rajputana which may wish to join lho professional colleges will mcot a need not merely local, and so may crpect them ala nyo to laro moro applicants than placas It is likely that this will happan in tlio caso of non professional courses also, sinco tho nor principles on which thoz sill bo designed are bound to appeal to peoplo in other parts of India Thero oro two principles which wo hupo wall bo observed scrupulously by tho Unirersity of Jaipur Ono 19 an exception alls high standard of instruction and or cramınıng to bo recur od partly by tho appointment of distinguished mon aq uniser rity professors and the appointment oven to minor teaching posts of none but men of first rato ability Ilo other in the completo duregard, in every aspect of tho unirersity a activity, of all considerations except elliciency ·(6) Female Edacation, We suggest that s cvery stage separata educational institutions for girls should be provided Without the cont dance thot giren to parents and guardians there can be no rapid extension of female education in the State In schools and memes of the's van girls can be free from embarrassment, and can enjoy all the benefits of college lưfa and activity It 28 acuitable that they should bo taught by romen teachers and should be under their control But in the anirereits, whilo a womes's college, residential in type, xs esecntial, it will not be pongilla la climinate lectuning by men, particolarly in the most aranecd etulics Women students cannot be escluded from the lectunng and gardence of distingusked members of the Essersity stall por mill it be possible to provide in the woman's college for tho completa range of anisersity subjects It will lo necessary. In somo caves, for men to lecture in the women's college, or for dorad women students to attend the men's college for certain lectures or for laboratory work, or both these arrangements may be necessary The girls' high schools should, of course Lo staffød entirols by women 17) Research Rescarch and original work are of course e most import .: clement in fughes education And expert research is of uch value to the stato that its careful organization is neces Aars We feel that for some time to come in Tier of the aprot necessits al accelerating the cronomic derelopment of Ibe rounin special attention should be giren to research of practical significance Tuts inclades not only research in the natural sciences but also the expert analysis of facts relating to E tronomic and xocul life ic augment that research should be planned with a view to ed un af work in runous branches If, for csample, tho po telefoane of mali alustrie is under conudention, an thomasyon ni Kould le acel to iniesligate the economic problems #r*r*$** 10 moal andertale a ensus of those industries, and potegnpetent in technological recarch Tould investigato ·(08) student, in hofsrer limited 1 senga a ressarch rorhor, making and testing discoveries of his own In the case of honours and post gmduato degrees the written oraminations (or the production of a thesis hero this is provided for) s'ould be supplomented by a firi roce oxamination, to which considorable importanco should be attached (5) A University for Jaipur Wo thunk it desirable that a nor unicornity should be ostablished for the Stato of Jaipur with its headquarters and administration in this city Tho present affiliation to Agra University and (in respect of the Intermediato L'ramination) to tho Rajputına and Ajmer Board is in many ways unsatisfactors and it is only by constructing a unit orsity of our own that the ideas mentioned abovo can be carried out Thero will be constituent colleges undor tho diroct administration of the university, in Jaipur city but thero will also bo rocognized colleges under tho supervision but not the management of thn university, at Pılanı and perlinps elsew fiero in the Stato and moroorer thero nro advantages in admitting to nffiliation colleges in other states of Rajputana wluch may wish to join Tho professional colleges will meet a need not merele local, and wo may copect them always to liv0 moro applicants than place It is likely that this will happan in tho caso of Don professional courses also, sinco tho nor principles on which they will be designed are bound to appeal to people in other parts of India Thero aro two princij les shich so hopo will bo obcorred Bcrupulously by the University of Jaipur One 19 an oxcoption alle high standard of instruction and of cramınıng to bo occur cd partly by the appointinent of di tinguisfied mon as uniser sity professors and tho appointment oven to minor terching posts of none but men of fimt rate abilits completo duregard in eters aspect of the university * artivity, of all considerations cxcept efficiency The other in tho ·( 71 ) 7 The Impenal Veterinary Research Institute 8 The Instituto of Animal Husbandry and Darving, Bangalore 9 The Nointion Research Institute 10 The Mining Institute, Dhanbad 1 Tho Department of Minung Benares Hinda Vaiver 1? The Geological Survey of India 13 The Inces Hot orological D»partment 14 The Statistical Instituta, Calcatta 35 Tho Bombay University School of Economics The Sydonlam College of Commerco, Borabay 17 The Sss Drabji Tata Graduate School of Social TVork. Bombas Such Assistance abould norce ba giren except to men of Justinction who will be able, in retura, to render special service to the State Buences men and industrinlists ahould realise the immense valus to then of such organized to earch, and should contributo towards the faancing of it It may lo desirable to castitutute Rearch Fund the catcrest on which would be tande available for lanciag ricarch In addition to such planded research, there should be ample encouragement and old for approved independent fperarh Despite the predomidint need at present for scientific **** cb bumanistic rescarch mut not bo allowed to lapso Bu both nox Ard always it must bo of a significant onů fruitful hind Wichtro las been rasted, fo- example in the sphero Lutory, pbilosophs and languago on research that has no Kort of salce 8 Technical Education The organision of technical edocation 1a region must le with rekreact to the needs of local industries and crafts la 3tr t cre are a large number of small industries requiring Setelert and modernization In view of the paucity of ** ct power it is not likely that Jaipur will become an *****t sratre of largo scale industries A Polytechnic on the Litsette Dells Polytechnic and adapted in its courses of ·(70) the possibility of improving their techniquo Similarly, in an endearour to Miso the nutritional standards of tho people a medical rescarch vorher would be ashed to preprro charts of balanced diet for different classes of people, an economist rould work out on that basis the quotas of food materials that must bo produced or imported to malo ntailablo tho contemplated clemonts of diet, and a student of agricultural scienco rould study the problom of production Theso a ro only illustrations Thoro will be many opportunities for such co ordination of ro carch, 60 og to bring into simultaneous consideration the various aspocts of cach problem Tlu hind of co ordination inplicg co-ordination of another sort—the bringing together of tho probloms of tho rariots dopartments of Government, and nlso shererer possiblo, therm of privato industry In particular, thic hends of the Depart monts of Industries and Conimerce, Agriculture, Toreste Transport, Tinanco, Public Henlth and Co operation will hare to meet and consider which of their problems requiro mutual assistanco among dopartmonts Consider tivu may bo giren to tho idea of constituting a Scientific Rescarch Organization Committee consisting of the hands of thicao departments representatives of industry and agriculture, and representatires of thonnycruity or college It will be tho work of tlıu commuttco to co ordinato research fork and also to recommend tho distribution of funds Brilliant students might bo ga on scholarslipe for ndianced rcscarch in specialized institutions in India and abroad Among suck stuutions in the country of the following Tho Laboratory of tho Department of Industrica and Scicntific Research Old Delhi 2 Tio Indian Instituto of Scienco, Bangalor 3 The Department of Chemical Technology, Bombas University Tho Indian Association for tho Caltıontion of Sciencr Calcutta The Imporal Agricultural Rc carch Institute, Nov Delhi The Forest Inscarch Instituto 1 5 6 ·( 71 ) 7 The Impenal Veterinary Research Institute $ The Institute of Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Bangaloro 0 Tbo Tuintion Research Institute 10 The Mining Institute, Dhanbad 11 The Dapartment of Hlaing Benares Hindu Unirer mits Tho Crological Surrey of India 13 The India Motsorological Department 14 Tbe Statutical Instituto, Calcatts 15 Tho Bombas University School of Ecoronics 10 The Syd-nham College of Commerce Bombay 17 The Sır Dorabji Tata Graduate School of Social Tork Bombas Such tagitance should norcr bo giren except to men of dutinction who toll bo ablo, in return to render special pcrtice to the Stato Baneng men and industrialiste ehouki rcalıso the immense ralue to them of such organized re earch and should contributo tovants the financing of it It may bo desirable to institutute Rranch Fon the interest on which would bo made availablo for financing rescarch In alltion to such planned research, there should be A1155 I encouragement and aid for approred independent re carch Despite the predomissnt need at present for scientific fracach bumanistic rescarch must not be allowed to lapso Bu toth now ard always it must bo of a ngnificant and fruitful kind Juch nipelas been trasted, for example in the sphero of listory philosophy and languago on research that has no kr of value B Technical Education. *540 urginition of technucal education in a region must In its refereaco to the needs of local industries and crafts la de foto tlest arc a large number of small industries requiring recent and modernization In Ties of the paucity of ** m* of poker t li nat likely that Jaipur will become an 1 thang mas malts of laro gale industriee Lista Delhi Polstechnic and adapted la ate courses of A Polytechnic on ·(70) the possibility of improving their technique Similarly, in an endearoor to raise the nutritional standards of the people, a medical research Forker would be ashed to prepare charts of balanced diet for different classes of people, as economist would work out on that basis the quotas of food materials that must be produced or imported to male arailable the contemplated elements of diet, and a student of agricultural science rould studs the problem of production These are only allustrationg There will be man opportun ties for such co-ordination of re earch, so as to bring into simultaneous consideration the ranous aspects of each problem Thuis kind of co-ordination implies co-ordination of another sort the bringing together of the problems of the ration! departments of Government, and also whererer possible, those of private industry In particular, the heads of the Departments of Industries and Commerce, Agriculture, Forest, Transport Finance, Public Health and Co-operation will bare to meet and consider which of their problems require mutual assistance among departments Consider tu may be giren to the idea of constituting a Scientific Research Organization Committee consisting of the beads of these departments representatires of industry and agricul ore, and representatires of the university or college It will be the trork of thu committee to co ordinate research work and also to recommend the distribution of funds Ballant students might be giren scholarship for adranced research in specialzed institutions in India and abroad Among such 10-titutions in this country are the follorOS The Laboratory of the Department of Industries and Scientific Research Old Delhi. 2 The Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore The Department of Chemical Technology, Bombas University The Indian Association for the Caltiration of Science, Calcatts 5 Ibo Imperial Agricultural Re earch Institute, Nerr Delhi The Forest Research Institute 1 6 ·7 The Impenal Veterinary Research Institute & The Institute of Arme! Kasbandry and Daiming, Bangalore The Nutrition Researel Institute 10 The Wining Institate, Dhanbad 11 The Department of Mining Bentres Hindu Univor Hits 12 Tho Ceological Surrey of India 13 The In 113 Yeteorological D.partment 1 The Statistical Institute Calcutta 13 The Bombay Vniversity School of r'conomica 10 The Sydenham College of Commerce, Bombay 17 Tho Sir Darabji Tatı Graduate School of Social Work, Bombts Such asuuslance should naver be given except to men of Uzetin-tron *luomall be able, in return, to sender special Erice to tbc Stato Buvinen, men and industrialista sbould realiso the marengo talut to them of such organized ro carch, and should contributo towards the financing of it It may be desirable to institutate lcearch Fund the interest on which woulu be made available for financing tracorch In adlition to buchs planned rescarch, there shouki bo amplo carouragement and avi for approved independent srcearch Despite the predominant need at present for scientific tercard humanistic rescarck must not be allowed to lapse Rui baih now and always it must be of A significant and fruitful Lind Vabimo tas been wasted, fo-esample in the sphere of kissort, Slosophy and languago on research that has on * of alle 8 Technical Education T20 organization of technical education is a region must r *116 terrace to the needs of local industries and crafts 1a Je, with one are a large number of small sndustries sequinng ert and solcrnization In view of the paucity of <! pat it is not likely that Jaipur Fill become az the only the sa'yo at laro sale industries A Polytechnic or the Delhi Polrtechnic and adapted in its courses of ·(72) instruction to local needs Tould rerive and develop our langu, hing industries. It would impart instruction in improved methods of production to the artisans and their children It should have an expert staff, trained in technology of various kids and able to direct the different branches of work and develop the bnonledge and skill that already exist They will study, in particular, ways in wluch the talent arailable enay be adapted to produce new and attractive articles for the market The Polytechnic will h lp the artisan to improve and modernize his tools, to understand the use of small machines, to work with a clear understanding of tho technique of production, and to make the most of lus artistic gifts (9) Libraries There should be town librarics, village librarios, and circulating or travelling libraries to supplement village libraries and to provide for villnges wlich are without these Evory sort of library should be supported largely, but not entirely, by Stato grants Tho borrowing of B single book at a timo should be free, but there ahould be a small fee for borrow ing beyond this When there can be no stationary library there should at least be a reading room and this 19 likely to dovelop eventually into a library Each library may be managed by a committoo, usuells headed by non officials Tlio librarian may be a full-time omployee in the larger towns and part time in smaller towns and in villages Ho will maintain the accounts and conduct correspondence, besides managing the library In towns, books may bo selected by the library committee, subject to the approval of the library department and for village and travelling libraries books may be selected by the dopartment All purcba.es, whether of books or of other articles which can thus bo moro economically and satisfactonly obtained, may be made through tho Libranes' Co operativa Society in which every library committeo sul deposit the whole of its funds The tendency to spend too large a proportion of funds upon porodicals should be aroided There should be special ·(73) toos leration of the needs of those who les to school early, and those who through the alult literacy work bare become litersta, blag without such care these are likely ta lapse iata ilksteracy It should be remembered, in choosing both books and fenolicals, that interest and amusement are quito as important 13 instruction In the larger torns at least, no-ono should be appointed brasian unless ho passec3e3 & good certificate in librarianstup, and as many as puble of the librariang in the small libraries Xhould have an adequate training Tho clauification of books should always be at simplo as possiblc an claborato decimal ayam bing only a nauin so ore pt ia raslly large librarios Prequantis soms well to-do and generous person will givo a bulling for tlo village librues, which will be segociated with 2013 humo or another aimo bestowed on it by him In Baroda thero art ladies' libraries, which are also Attractiso social and educativo centres for women s life "Not onis atc books and periodicals supplied, bat classes are held for teaching women various arts and crafts such as hostting. cmlitur lors, sing music, painting Tho library is in all ways nalo sa altretiro placo to go to This very successful rde: molt bo in Iliere also Thero may be children 8, librarios too, attached either to la licz' Wltating or to general librancs In most of the aboro trommendations we are greatly indchlel to the Baroda aj stem 10 Scoating In nating a great deal of ourful work has been done in thir Sus but the moremant 539 nerer cuoght tho imagination of them pople Its dos elop-at ani milling adoption by the rabs w of unquatreps tince and is functions are (1) train. of e'ssracter and culisation of the labit of helpfulness 3 congritulition, (2) training in quickness and **** both payrical and mental, (3) corapleto forgetfulness playmount and other diferences, () bodily health, and no 13 con acrity, and (5) direct public servico of Iltadt Tin borca Seu ruined as soon as any lunt of } 3 ·conıpulsion enters, in respect either of teachers or of boys Scouting must nover be part of a school curriculum , its activities must norer be assigned periods in the school time tablo , nor must hiking competitions, rallies games, etc, bo regarded as scouting exeept when related to regular scout training Suggestions --(1) Scout training and enthusiasmi should be regarded as an addition to a mans qualifications (2) It is a duty of headmasters to give continual encouragement to scouting to select with the greatest cars thoso teachers who will be scout mastors or scouters, to be in constant touch with their work, and to obtain duc rocogaction for it (3) Opon groups in towns shonld bo oncourtged, and scouting should be made possible for the poorest people (4) An attempt should be made to get scouting introduced in every village (5) The grcatest possible practical use should by made of scouts both on official occasions and at other times The kinds of work which thog can do well, and which are os ceedingly good for them, aro upany--for examplo, acting as guides, helping in crowd or traffic, ambulanco worl, spreading accurate information teaching (by rorers) for instance of hygiene and literacy, and rchoving porerty If such activities are encourged the movement will make a much greater appeal to the public than at present JC Rollo (Correner) Sardar Sragli Narendra Singh G Seshagırı Rao Santokh Singh G Dessau MA A Kherio I da Costa BG Bhattacharya PN hathju KC Patni AR Normand SD Pande BH Zaidi P. S Narayan Prasnd (Scorelasy) ·APPENDIX A The Economic Background in Jaipur State. Tb tale o! Jupes 18 one of the most az ortadt of the flajputans Size and con. fondation of Eu!rc trang thiet in siz and first la populsion It has an area of tha Stats 13,031 17 milmy, with a population of 80,40,876 persons according to the fasce ol 911 Tie terrory of the State falls into txo maalt durian, Kparald by a range al t'he Araralı biüs calling across the 64. The soul is geberally borly in the earth and west, bat in the Malloca area it is ex hand black and better suited to profitable agricaltare. : 77-re are three pribeipal riters la the State--the Banus, the freza. Clarlaland 11. I'angangambeajes a Domber of small streams which are di arrept donng the rainy CALON The Banas 18 a tributary of the Cymrnlal, whorl loro od thin sourbira border of the S..te throagh the Jrxis of Malpara an] Sawa Salhapor The Darganga flows in the Fuster fart of State si pipa the river Jomar. The State bas an orang lelaki at Sambut on the border between Jarpar and Jollar The charakterys and is soldat focilemots of cold and heat Climate and Palpfal. The stage tuplalls !! 87 taches baks Tares cosesderably in different urar of the State and a dderal year In 1933 16 was 30 48 inches, Lacin 131 11 * $: 03 inches Semilarly is one seat it was recordoi * * w* Sa.150, ar hul A tualall of GI TG sneles, while in places like 3lol.2', baltatate al hurdar is al es low as 9 anches 4 1) ile Siale ilere tre tonos, the ball foxs being the city Twens and 1 dlaga. cf taxtla, bls 3* dmstred coopibily with Jodhpar Sisle There ** 3,9:3 villages of ile 10*01 3: Lure • popul4f100 of oter 5,000, s! Lorelst fera a cheat ibcrease to the artes populairon daring the less!", <£# gresieot fzerese being recorded to the populatrans of Duparcs na 3 Star $ Todastre of literes us estressely low HOWBillalls, 1.62(6 px150% sit reckoond w lente, perteotage for the sia's population the laterky Sure *14% lie that of lemneles is % There are 1,094 a las 5 bich Islode riasy schools, secondary schools of the total population Literacy.

·? compulsion enters, in respect either of teachers or of bors Scouting must nover bo part of a school curriculum , its activities must never be assigned periods in the school time table nor must hiking, competitions, rallies, games, etc, bo regarded as scouting except whon rolated to regular scout training Suggestions -m(1) Scout training and enthusiasm should be regarded as an addition to a man's qualıfications (2) It is & duty of headmasters to give continual encouragement to scouting to select with the greatest caro those teachers who will be scoutmasters or scouters, to be in constant touch with ther work and to obtain due recognition for it (3) Open groups in towns should be encouraged, and scouting should be made possible for the poorest people (4) An attempt should be made to get scouting introduced in every village (5) Tho greatest possible practical use should brmado of scouts, both on official occasions and at other times The kinds of work which they can do well, and which aro oxceedingly good for them, are many for examplo, acting as guides, helping in crowd or traffic, ambulance work, spreading accurate information teaching (by corers), for instance of Bygiene and literacy, and relieving pororty If such activities are encouraged the movement will make a much greater appeal to the public than at present JC Rollo (Convener) Sardar Singh Narendra Singh, G Seshagiri Rao Santokh Singh G Dessau MAA Kherie I da Costa B G Bhattacharya PN Kathja KC Pata ÅR Normand SD Pande BH Zaidi PS Narayan Prasad (Sccrelary) ·APPENDIX A The Economic Background in Jaipur State. The State of Japar Lope of the most imortsat o! the Pagataas Eize and come formatron of Statss, beat therd u tre and first la population It has 49 sres of the Suato 15,601 nq miles, with a population of $0,40,876 persons according to the cen$113 of IDEI The territory of the State fslls into two pais drurn9, separated by a range of the Asawala kills cutting start the Slatc. The soil na generally saniy ra the earth and west, but in the southern area at is rich and black and better rated to profitable gncaltare ! There are three principal rivers in the State-ke Banes, the Burers. Chambal nad the Engagambr dess number of small streams which are dry except dundg 15rainy season The Bsass 13 tribatary of the Chambal, which flows on the south-ra bordar of the S.ate through the district: al Halpaca 401 Samu Jahaper Tas Banging towy oths eastern part of 1 Slate and golds the tirer James The State kas an important salt lake at Sarabhar on the border between Jaipne aad Jodhpor 3 The climate is dry, sad u subject to extremos of cold and beat. Miasta kad PRIATAL The average raspfall w 21 87 iaches , bat si Taries corderabit is diferent areas of the State and a diferent years la 1939 t *&$ 10 $ 8pches, wbde 1936 it w33 39 03 actes Simulatly 13 02 year it as recorde that Sawar Jadbopar had runfall of 6176 taches, while in places like Noturnabad, Shekhawat and handar 16 #13 ss low 33 9 uncbes 4 In the State these are S&J toma', the ball town being the esty Torns and of Santhar, wbich is administered coppolotly with Jodhpur State There tre 5,998 villages or the lowes 82 bave & population of over 5,000, usd there bas been cleas screase in the arbaz popullida daring the lut decade, be greatest increase being secorded in the populations of pur city and Sitar % Ite degree of literacy is extremely low of the total population Lateszty. d karlo 344 takbe, 1,62,246 persons are reckoned afterste, . percentage ct 3 (or the State For tåe tale popolation the lifersey figytire 14 # 94 %, while tost of females 85% There are 1,094 12.633 mititauons, wbieb iseidde praary schools, secondary schools ·(3) Open groups in torng compulsion enters, in respect either of teachers or of boys Scouting must novor ba part of a school curriculum its activities must never bo assigned periods in the school time tablo, nor must hiking competitions rallies games etc be regarded as scouting except when related to regular scout training Suggestions moll) Scout training and enthusiasm should be regarded as an addition to a min s qualifications (2) It is a duty of headmastors to give continual encouragement to scouting to select with the greatest cars those teachors who will be scout masters or scoutors to be in constant touch with their work and to obtain duo recognition for it should be encouraged and scouting should be made possible for the poorcst people (4) An attempt should bo mado to get scouting introduced in every village (5) The greatest possible practical use should bn made of scouts both on official occasions and at othor times The kinds of work which they can do well and which are oxceedingly good for them are many for example acting as gudes helping in crowd or traffic ambulance work spreading accurate information teaching (by rovers) for instanco of hygieno and literacy and roloving pororty If such activities are encouraged the moroment will mako a much grerter appeal to the public than at present JC Rollo (Contener) Sardar Singh Narendra Singh G Seshagiri Rao Santokh Singh G Dessau A A A Kherio I da Costa BG Bhattacharya PA Kathju KC Patni A R Normand SD Pandc BH Zaidi PS Narayan Prasad (Secretary) ·trøp3 the total field of the large do rek halss area 13 srailable Isrtest inspections are carried out in only 2,919 yıllages (a kalsa, partly Adales, and Sikar, Shetn and Uniara), comprising an area ol 6907,945 bighs3 or 431% of the entire area of the State record staff is maistained 18 8,400 village, comprising an area of 20,60,311 bagtas, or 56 9 % of the total area of the State Some of the Yu, Allda villages bare not ever been surreged With the exception of the Sikar, Kbetri sed Vaura Thul sias, the Punc para Th lonas al Shekhawat1 mhere settlement has recently been introdaced, and certain other brg Tulay , cask assessment has not been intcodaced by the State-grantees Eten up the case of the Khaler spes, there are al present to whole Ichstle (dlozumakad su Malpers) in the Western Resende Dation and sereral larga lliges ra the Eastera Rerende Diruanga ia which cæsk reats hate not been introduced Thesegue with the exceptos of the balut crows in the grain renied Alals, villages for which figures can be extracted from the village records, there 18 no record of the total yield from the area under coltivatus 11th the exception of Nezamat baaskasm, where the besralort system prersils the tennals in the khalsa villages do not at present posices occapancy rights 10 Out of the total area of hbt's villages 16,70,"68 bighas, tbc este poder sres ander cultiration dering St 1997 (the last complete year for which figures are available at the moment) was 17,25,252 biglas, classified as below - Imngated 3,40,008 bigbss Unicrighted 13,89,244 bigbas. The callaratie dacaltsrated area, erelading the belle fallos ander Decoration, totalled 18,98 581 bighas, or 29 8% of the total brea and 81% of the coltivated ares 11 There is a 1992 irrigation tspls, classified thas Tanks spa Wells State-orded 950 Patate 742 ·Popalation Occupatione G The population of the State bas been increasing, according to cengus figures The increase was 12 5% in the 1931 ceasns and 18 5% in that of 1941 The density of popalation for}(the State as a whole staads at 19492 per sq mile Besides natural sncrease of population there is & certain amouot of immigration isło the State It is recorded in the censas of 1941 that 97,846 persons hare mored into the State from aptride, of whora 22,995 are males sod 74,851 females Orer 95% of the 10 migrants are from the adjoraing states of Rajpntana and Ajmer Herrara, and the cause of immigration us social rather than economic 7 According to the Census Report of 1941 the number of people #lo are classified as earners shows a declise and the number of depend ants a corresponding increase Larders kare decreased by 17 per thousand, and dependaots and son Torkers hare inereased by the same proportion The main occupation of the people is agriculture and the production of raw materials, and this accounts for about 66 % of the population Preparation and supply of material sabstances gives employment to 21% of the people, while the rest ese engaged in public administration, the liberal arts and other mork of Farious kinds 8 Among indastries, which sre mostly of the small scale cottage type, the most important are textiles, kides and skins, indastries relating to dress and toilet, the building sodastry and trood manufacture There are few large scale industries With regard to agrscaltare the following facts may be of interest The orec of Jaipur State is 15,601 sq miles, of which orer 70% 18 Aon.hhols (e sol duectly State-admistered) and 13 held by a large number of land holders, ranging from small Udhes holding OBC 1970 baghas of land, receired through charity to large estate holders like the Rajus of Sikar and Abetri To put it is another way, ont of a total of 6,418 tomas and villages only 2,164 are Alala and the rest Non- Khalsa In the lui al sea area the State-grantees exercise practically anrestricted powers so far as culturstiou and products are concerned They are at liberty to let their lands; tio fallow, or to have them cultivated in Whatever manner they please Further, with the exception of the three jurisdictiopal Thulanaol Sikar, hbetri ard UNATA, ao information regarding the acreage, the ladustry Agricultura Bud Land Revenge or *Paragraph is based on a note prepared by hiss Sahib A A Kherie for the use of the Agrieultoro Sub-commistter ·APPENDIX B. The training is Jasper State of soldiers mbo mil Bet array Instructors id unl matters daning the period between the Armistice and Demobilization - The Directorata al Vellare and Amenities at General Headquartere kas ta viene scheme by wbich the time of soldiers may be usefully employed, between the armishce and demobilization, more concentrated educational courses than are possible to them in wartime Certain courses moll be common to all-for example, health, saitatzan, agtrition, and first ud, and 115lsoets in these can be girea by the military oficers of the T*T1003 terbaical corps There may be, however, fery many ather courses $urled to different personal sal segsoos! Deeds It buss been suggested that provinces and states mght train lastractors i caides for which they bare facilities and web bear relation to their own plans for post *** deselopment Tha traibed astractors would then proceed to Tarious military tracing centres, and train others specally selected from various unds, who would then act as instructors to men in their own unis Thus scheme would begia its operation immediately alter the armistice detals a respect of Jaspor would have to be completely arranged for ita mediately, so that we may be ready bowerer goon the armistice may AN Lts come of the large lust at sabjects from whick cho psy wefalis be made, #shonil keleet & small somber partealarly related to the State's resources and its post mor plans, sod spate po troable or expense to secure eficiency Toy the ends of development as well as of the tribing of the collies will be served for itt training centres may remain permaneatly, and the tastructors traipti mill be of personnent use The courses in mbich Japar Siste might proride training taszediately Iter tlc armistice are the followsag Tegetable growing At Bay? ? Da nying-mat Plast? $ Ehcep-farm agat Planı ? 1. Pergeples and Practice of Co-operation, including sererst igpes of Camepesafite Societiesia the Watsisa : College, Jarpas $ Orgeaiting of games, clubs, boy scoats, dramas, etc Jaipur, Bley Scoat Hesdquarters ·In use The total pember of Ahnlra wells 13 52, 109 as shown below Ost of age Total Pucca 21,905 11,998 33,903 á ham 13,261 18,500 Total 85,160 52,409 In other words nearly 33% of the hbrids wells are out of use O thesc Dearly 12,000 ars pucca The figures for the aen Alalso rallage: are not arallable ribarpa Tops 17 12 The pripcipal food and fodder crops gropa so the Stale aro maxe, baru, yoxur, barley, wheat, gram, gateur, carrots, laccine and chur-awar, The total alalsu area under each of the e crops during 8t 1997 was Mloze 74,259 biglas Bayrau 5,57,568 Jotdan 2,69 757 Barley 1,96,779 Wheat 1,12,811 Gram 104,321 Gateur 45 871 Carrots > $1 13 Lacerde Bot krona Jorra 19 448 73 Plougha and Plauga cattle Commun trons There are 1,88 754 plougls in the dá a area of the State Figures for the slon á kules villages are not avatlable There are 1,75,822 plough cuttle in the State 13 The total length of roads, mctalled and uometalled, maintained by the State us 878 57 milos Ti e recurring expenditure for the opt ecp nod maintenance of the roads is al out Rs 4 3 lakhs per annum The State also oras and operates a railway the total length of which is 254 miles. The State's lotal capital ooliny on railways up to the end of dlarch, 1912, 15 1 crores The gross cardiogs of the saulstay in 1912 13 were 29 89 Isths, ·APPENDIX C STATEMENT SHOWING ASALSA AREA OUT OF HOLDING* IN JAIPUR STATE According to the Ares Statement for the Season 1942-43 {Sambat 1999) Bighas Details of a halms ares out of holding Unculturable Itemsrks Culinable Namo or Tebois Grand Total Old Inllow sod calturable weate Total New Pallon Not fit for grazing Total. Fit for grazing Grotes. 8 2 6 B 7 3 5 4 Sawa Jaspor Chakra 38,625 27,868 19 273 135 34,700 817 14 334 3,017 30 544 8 109 8,087 38 737 18 631 26 84.8 According Lo St 1998 Do 97,500 68 884 19 1 Do Amber Jomwa Namgarh Torarati Barrath Sambhar 488 868 1,148 636 464 10,638 13,482 10 380 2,108 499 11 205 20 931 11 303 7,633 29 203 25,553 39,711 8664 18 890 8418 36 405 4 99$ 16 295 48 383 33,971 $9,596 7,469 32,340 8,205 4 887 te it note on p 3 ·1 In this list places have been suggested for the following reasons At the Government experimental farm at Last there is already a section deroted to vegetable growing At Pilani there is a floansking dairy farm, supervised by an expert of the Imperial Coaocul of Agricultaral Research, who las provided a note on daitg-farming attached to the report of this Committee superfision of the proposed training would be valuable 3 There is already a sheep farm at Piled! 4 There is an expert Commerce stati ia the Maharaja : Colleges eod classes in cooperation could be eccellently fundacted 5 It would be good to have in Jaspur city the traiding in the organizing ol games, sconting, etc, because apart from its direct usefaloess it would gire a great impetus to the scout morement in the city As regards detailed arrangements, cost, number of trainees, and length of course, information can be obtained only from experts en esch branch, and the scheuse will be governed also by the extent of financial support available It 19 assumed that (1) if sach training centres are establisbed 19 this State they wi}} bo opeo to niher soldier-traidens as rell as to those froso thus State (6) tkał similarly Jarpur soldiers }} be adatted to training courses elsewhere in subjects which cannot be provided for bere Tube followiog subjects are specially suited to Jaipur soldiers in proposed derelopments in the State addition of course to subjects tapiformly suitable The agricultaral subjects Fruit and vegetable capring and botting pickles, chulbojs, squashes, etc 3 Poultry keeping 4 Ben-keeping 5 Silkworm tearing Lac prodaction VICTO!

·3 1,219 80 9$ 2,027 18 Ian thong atrapat 15'ncirpor Ilamowe Nadott Iluodaan Ghozala Toja Bhim Mabw Kot Rasila 19 36,718 1,685 370 10,085 4,150 8,619 61 33,431 1,397 519 8,038 4,084 3,195 43 25 2,317 8,774 18,836 4,788 2,436 18,073 9,180 99,325 3 590 $,525 4,208 1,897 16,69 7,266 4,936 6,363 3,277 6,894 5,557 4,858 5,5CO 2,799 432 18 29 88 2,586 83,471 72,180 12,052 13,787 6,772 7,84% 24,468 34,35$ 1.2,457 10,607 89,859 49,478 9,147 9,08 9,378 9,432 9,768 12,380 4,090 14,000 7,59,246 11,66,766* Net ared in bughax az aile able for ertension of cultiration 7 2,613 9,810 ... 21,056 2,69,532 4,95,604 8,85,884 4,07,420 260 (Figures supplied by Khan Sabib A. A Kheric) Ir. Nork Oat of bolding--Land which is not in the occapation of any ono and for which do Chalbanlı parchas have been used. Old Fallow-Land which has agt been caltrated for over three years New Fallow-Land not culturated for three years or legs.

·APPENDIX C-continuel). Letails of h Aalta ares, out of holding Culturable Uncultorable Nane ok Tehsil Remarks New fallow Old fallow and caltarable Faste Total Grores Fit for grazing Yot fit lor grans Total Grand Total, $ 3 6 7 8 10 00 3,888 36 1,453 3 261 393 244 6 7 27,385 75,580 30,828 84 216 28,843 78,798 31 227 84 460 1,435 7,794 29,360 47,898 6,78 5,323 19,056 39,285 62,600 13,695 5,667 48,499 1,18,183 93,827 48,155 6,907 Dagta Ramgarh Mostzamabaut Malpars Toda Raisingh Niwat Chekhawats Dauga Lalot Basya 5 dikatas Sawas Madhoppr Khaodar Bonli 179 165 129 18,755 4,486 43 401 9,389 42,600 80,671 12,692 10 9 16 SG 12 04 926 318 7 5 10,448 43,127 33,344 1 14 045 14,678 4,286 18,155 27,373 19,831 68,736 36,751 18,529 8,772 17,700 34,902 38,163 84,791 60 912 19 638 20,997 13,561 18,431 43,952 81,916 1,18,195 G4,157 ·APPENDIX E Scope for Development of Irrigatios in Jaipur Stat- The existing tapks ta Japar State base so aggregate capacity of 17,000 M CIt, and during the ruiny season of 1942-48 the total storage becared PAS 12 000 M Cit, of which a quantity of 800) M Cit, ** o-ed for the itngation of 34,000 biglas There is scope for increasng iingation under some of the existing tanks by aproving the channels and arranging for a more economical system of sapplies Bat the mala factor besng the rainfall on which the tanks depend for their storage, the area ol igation ander the tankz taries with the abundance of rainfall Thus 6290D, at tho time of wnting (early Aagast), the tanks are not yet fall 1a any part of the State except in the eastern margin close to the fupplier ko Bank near Mandarar close to Alvar territory is fal] Important tanks of the State--Torri, Moran, Ramgarb, and sesers) others ste pot fall, though they have received some water This shows that the larger etreams and Catcbolents close to the kills shoald be dealt with This year the stream 159cids from the hills in Gadha Jagir between Bibsa Samand and Morat has been tackled and a estimate of Rs. 106 lakhs tas been sanctioned to bring onder irrigation 2,400 bighas, and the work is in progress, Tea other smaller tank works have also been taken in hand this year Tho programme for dext year is as given below Area 1504 Aame at work Serial irrigable la biglas Probable cost of work Big Rs 3 I Proposed Rand at Jaipar Britto do. Sorel Milto da Jaggar Ditto do Gobalpbra Detta do Jegrampurs Ditto Sapply for f'atap Tack 5,966 25,200 5,000 1,000 5,05,345 13,50,00 6,00,000 62,000 45 000 85 000 r 1,700 1,600 40,466 25 37,845 dro-electric Scheme with a Re- ITO + Do the Patia3 frer Grand total 1,00,00,000 1,25,97,315 ·APPENDIX D (Supplied by Captain Pande) Statement of yield and net profil from different kinds of winter crops based on experiments at the Pilanı Farm Actual total Crops Area 10 Bigkas Actual Actual expenses expenses per bigbo totel Actual yield Actual inco88 per bighs yield per Actual total Actual income per profit per bigha bigba Actual total profit Rato bigha per bigha Re & P Luterno Japan Rape Gram R. A PRE & FAds 8 ch 0 27 00268 22 9 18 8 0 3 33 00 135 36 15 3 6 1 2000 4 0 0 1 OJ 27 3 3 23 2000 0 300 R&& 84 14 0 1080 23 73 Ra ap Rs & P 33 63 83 14 0 10 & 3 10 5 3 8 3 $ 8 39 Ro & 0 80 08 0 4 000 Musard Bids #ck 113 300 13 03 30 00 1080 1 20 OG 23 73 4 O OB 318 20 0 Orced 24 32 B 2 10 OG 2 BOB 7100 BOD 30 4+ 178 22 36 103 100 1966 74 0 0 18 33 47 % 08 O Groen 08 OG 0 0 0 0 80 Anita! Sebyt Cowpea so Barley for fodder Carrot 15 8 0 7 12 3 24 200 13 340 8 16 0 12 0 B 800 8 0 0 44 178 3 1966 88 0 6 BF 16 12 3 0 0 18 29 3 6 30 300 8 4 8 2014 14 3 6 12 33 9 4 2 3 670 14 3 6 38 6 0 80 08 0 349 12 0349B3398 12 007 200 169 6 3 608 46 Lit 10 0 208 13 9 080 White Mam tard Theat 30 4 329 8 G 00 OB 30 49 2013 2013 34 3 102 150 110 3 6 10 3 6 3 2180 6 OB 3,286 385 3 B 8 37 40 13 26 12 B 8 10 10 G 9 33 6 B 1!! 53 983 30 200 23 0 8 150 17 12 9 Barles 41 DOB 43 20 00 89 0 0 B 2507 78 29 10 9 278 0615 48 10 3 Bersen BOG 02 OB 4 4 OG 0 8 B 3 000 8 O 080 0 60 0 0 Croog 0 0 0 935811,189 18 3 39 15 5 105 14 3 27 27 7 3 472 7 0 0 15 6 280 30 8 8 3 203 40 18 10 8 Green 403 50 17 19 G 11 200 1 10 4 B 40 00 0 & 013 Nos 0 11 Gran IlkoRA ·UAV od APPENDIX F Statoment obowing the area of different kinds of crops ingated in the Sus Tilladaries Sambal 1999 Year 1942-43 7lladones Rapal Total Madbopur ama of crop in Iliadunagi Dansa Soriat oumler Nino of crop la Eaglish. Q498&por fozamabad Jaipur 1091 BR bis 1 073 3 1 499 15 480 11 Bir bk 28 BR? 1: 9778 0 2" 948 Big bis 53382 12 1002 2 472 3 Big ble 906 487 0 1 692 15 Dig bit 6378 15 3 731 33 53"} 6 100 6 "O9 29 333 13 Dig bis 4 G36 10 2 817 168 19 7 400 12 898 5 Chana Baljhad 16 492 0739 16 890 18" ..d Barles Gram Parley Gram Wheat V boat 7 30ng 18 1 618 13 3 100 33 JEZ 7 I 387 17 15418 877 15 45 18 5511 14 4 097 20 28 6 181 15 aud VOOA Gebun Gojars Zeers Gochant 380 14 3 $30 16 Der er en I 873 11 2 183 12 n05 18 ng 18 OBO 15 235 29 #d 2 8 S60 972 11 30 18 57 17 010 0 115 1 078 8 2 34 12 103 15 166 + 18 4 2 665 27 250 375 16 8 15 D 18 3 no 0 31 16 3 29 34 7 9 1 1 15 8 Dan 9 Dlaids 10 Kukka 31 Bag 12 Vadi 13 Parnt l'elab 14 GAERT 15 Muagpall 10 Lamich 17 Dhania 19 Baston 19 Alat 66 14 07 32 3 34 3 J3 Cotton Fenugroek A[algo Gardena Vegetables Watering Groundnut Call Corisg der Beod Rape Lipod Flex 37 13 39 6 3 4 0 2 Carrot 23 10 30 16 161 19 3 3 1 1 377 12 6 23 13 8

·( 12 )
From the works proposed for next year 40,000 bigbas irrigation can
be expected.
Tackling the Banas river, the floods in which hare caused such great
baroc this year, is an important means of securing safety against drought
in Jaipur,
G. SESHAGIRI RAO,
Chief Engineor for Irrigation.

·APPENDIX G Suggestions for the Improvement of the Livestock in tbe State of Japw 83 a Post-War Reconstruction Measure BY 1 JD SEXPATA KOKARAN B S1, LP P (Loxs), ofl ARI, DAIRY EXPERT, BIELA COLLGE, PILANI, JAIPUR STATE India is predominantly an age coltaral country where the agricultoral operations are carrid on with the help of the cattle Apart from this aspect there 13 the question of the haman diet in the shape of sulke Though we bare here ia ladia the lowest per capita consumption of milk, stillst forms so important article of diet It 13 therefore goste obrious that ang attempt to improve and preserve the live-stock in our country will be ol importaace to the battooal economy It 18 needless to refiere the present position of the cattle wealth of our country Suffice to say that centuries of neglect, lamine, pestilence, and the present war, which has also cootributed by way of indiscriminate slapghter, bare all lowered the genera) standard and usefaloess of the live-stock. The examples set by the different adraaced coastries of the world in improving their lire stock will belp as to bcb eve spccess a that direction The improrement of the lire stock of day place or coastry is not a thing which could be achieved in a fer years It 14 more than a mn 3 ble work The highly evolved breeds of cattle of foreign countries cannot be supposed to have been soddenly produced a weeee tbem DOX They are the result of centuries of selectios ad caselul breeding The dep 18 Kisa 9 power of accumulatire lection 10.32 adds them up to certain directions The constructire treeding is done by matching the records of actual performance sod not be any random selection I shall now deal with broad principles which will ensole as to bring about real iz prorement in the cattle-wealth of the State (1) There should be as eficent Lare-stock Department with an *****enced live-stock expert to direct the work of eitle improvement la the Eme Sorh a department skoold Dot Oply organize model farms sl] Grer 16. stoletat also gire all possible technical help to the villager T}& Smartzett booli lascisos as the intermediary for the supply of sound and ferdigreed asetals, lsb w}}foran tbe foundation berd of mapy a larm, ubod to be?T* 1 agency to disseminate the latest knopledge on ·APPENDIX F (conclu ler) Zilladaries Senal gumber Name of emplo Industant. Name of crop in Pssglish Torri Sfozamabad Ja per Gangapur Dauka Sawal Sindrogur Big bis Big bis Big bis Biz Big bus 14 3 11 Tobseco Sweet Potato Drugs Sp cea Great Britiet Aniseed 0 013 03 38 % B 10 1 0 11 3 O 4 0 16 68 2 3 3 6 3 3 2 3 3 32 39 28 7 17 1 33 77 0 es 3 Tambaka 21 Sbarrogandi 22 Kseni 23 Janar 21 | Sons 25 Chawal 50 Alu Gone* ST ng Singlara 30 Chata 31 Arhat 3 Bialat 33 Pyat 31 an Bw Ranks 36 Blorir 37 Cosi 39 Noong 33 Bajta 10 Shalaa 41 Chins Potato Engstcano Ongelly Watersat Het Apalto Pess Oniona Horas Lacerno rasa 012 ats Aaaaaaaon. • జcance 2 o 5 8 > 4 3 10 1 6 1 3 3 3 8 3 010 0 3 152 4 o 2 3 % 3 8 Total 28 628 15 902 3 165 O 22 275 1& 21 081 2 9 007 93 727 13 OBESITAATIT RAO ·built to say the exact requirements By Carterting the glass of legume into alags, we can preserre it even for a penod of twenty years. Further, 1hezz » absolale safety against fire in the contemplated model forn, model sslo-pits and bilo towers conld be built, and the procees of preserta- 1:02 daly demonstrated to the villagers (5) The question of 1,9e-stock leed 15 A problem of continuous importance aloce the feed selected should not only provide the desired digestille outrients bat should slso be the cheapest Thas a working knowledge ol the composition of feeds and their natntire raloe for each class at hre-stock, together with some boowledge about the movements of prices of vanous possible leeds, thoald be hsd Aseries of monthly aretage prices of each important feedstof in this State should be made ayarlable Information regarding the seasonal ranations of sach prices and their relation to the feeding value slould be at the disposal of the villager (6) An abundant snpply of water, easily obtained whenever the animal apis * » pecessary to every class of animal and specially to the dary con* About 87 per cent of milk 18 water, and if the Cow & Supply of water is limited the milk field is proportionately redaced It pays to iardil pare palatable water, saumer and winter, so that the cow will dreak larges quautitrex ** Within resonable limits, an itcrease in water tuavam toal tags an sicres. e in milk yield Vilthy pond water will not orly tout tlc curth but will be a source of many a contagious disease 11 1 tl prefore importart that only clean water should be made available to the cattle (7) Tbe le-stock also requue good shelter. It need not be an elaborate dating int just answering the needs of the anime! 3 sbond be quite aliy and easy to cicat, and there should be so chance for the dong and erspe to slagoste In these parts tbe send door, though it Answers melt, kas many drawbacks Wherever possible • purra foor should de mule It has a double adroddsye, the bre cara be kept clear and eresy drop of the liquid mandre can be made use of s{ obly scutsble drazas are constructed, whirballimately lead to & acarafare sewage farta totenatis peresbial pra9:23 each us Geuses an Xapier could be 770*ta ertas abuse $$$ smage desitage 13 led The ligud magus? 1 * xualit) by He'l, asce at regenerates the soil. It may be led by torns is duerent Bella. Iye tazo:tale of this adfsatage could be seen in a lng ni well g'aanel duzglary Very (8) The titom sl malayas domes like riadespes! and anthrax would at least tein16, Islastningeot messages Le taken ·(16) It may cattle improvement. There are various ways of conducting at hold shows and fairs at important places, arrange lectures and demons tralions, and employ all methods which cao shop tho rullager for best he can improve his cattle-realtha (2) In a number of place, breeding bulls shonld be thaiptaided The ball us the most importaat spisal, since de contributes one-half of the inheritaace of the future herd. Progress in the improvement of say herd depends to a rery large extent apon the transmitting ability of the ball The worth of the ball is knowp by 3tx progeny The Life-stock Department should see that each bull has e paddock, pasture or exercise lot adjacent to a shelter The feed supplied to a bull should be of such quality and amount as to keep him quite rigorous (3) In the initial stages tác villagers should be encouraged to procure good cows typical of the breed. The cows should contributa to the villager & Bufficient quantity of milk and also maintain their calves healthy and strong Thoy should obtain a part of their fred by gleaning fields from thick crops lave been karrested Thoy should be able to convert the fodder into mill. The labour used in such cases should be partly employed on other farm work. Regarding the dual purpose animals, much importance is given to the ball calves and in some instances com calres are attoriy neglected This will not answer the question of replacement of the cows Wlien once any farm is established the question of replacement of cows must be anstered by raising hosfers from the same farm stock The espose of raising a finale calf to R CON is aot perceptible It may amount to that of a parchased con but :: not incurred all at once There 18 another aspect as well, the villager koows the performance of the mother, and from this can judge what sluſt he has in the heifer Baying always entails a certain amount of uncertainty with respect to quality, stands, etc Were agsın ?s the seed to educate the villager about all tkrse faer details. (4) Problems relative to the precessation of the fødder are of rata. mogat importance in aay life-stock improrement prograin me parts green fodder 13 ayailable only for a couple of months Coorertig this into hay brings about a great nutritiro loss Experiments elsewhere show tkal the conrersion of greea fodder jało kilago is a very sound and profitable practice. Permanent pastures of grasses and legumes could be formed. Surplas green grass preserved as a silage will , long way in keeping op the milk font la the hot summer period when there 13 88 absolate scarcity of fodder. A wide range of crops and combinations of crops could be used foş making sulage The silpsta or towers could be ·duit ta said the exact requirements By converting the grass ot legame koto zilage, we can prezerte it eten for a period of twenty years Forther, {here is absolute safety against fre la the contemplated model {symy model silo-pits and silo-tomers conld be built, and the process of preservin toa daly demostrated to the tillegers (5) The question of lire-stock feed # # problem of continuous importance since the feed selected should not only provide the desited digestille balneats bat should also be the cheapest Thas a working knowledge of the composition of feeds and their natitire raias lar each class of live-stock, trgother with some knowledge abont the movements of prices ol vartoas possible leeds, should be had A series of montbly average prices of each important feedstars in the State tbonid be made available Ialoriast:on regarding the reasonal tanasons of such prices on their relation to the feeling talas slould be at the deposal of the filager (6) An alundant supply of water, easils obtained whenever the animal wants it 19 necessary to every class of opma) and specially to the Qars cows About 87 per cent of milk is water, and if the com's supply of water 13 imited the milk rield 13 propot honately reduced It pays to fondi i pare ralasalle water, sommes god fioler, so that the cow ? distik lange gentilles & Pitt Brex obable limits, AR increase in water cupsum lion fungs an increa e in mulk yield Filthy pond water will not oily enint lic muiliut will be a source of mindy a contagious disngce It 15 Herefore important that only clean water should be made avalable to the cattle (*) The fire-stork also require good ebelter It need not be an laborale building but just amenitig the needs of the animal It should But quite diss and easy to cless, and there aboal? Lund chance for the dung and arise to stagnate lo these past the saed 2001, though it sisters welt, has many drawbacks kererer possible , ruce floor should basi It has a double adradiage the byre can be kept clean sed every drop of Diclon maaare oso be wide tise of if only suitable drags RJE Constructed, which stimately lead tos slutare serrage farm very rastepally pertanial grasses sach 13 Geides and Vapier could be Flora in areas where this sewage drainage 19 led The liquid maapare * * ville ty itselt, ssace u regenerates the si It may be led by turns 11 dermal fields. The magnita); of (&is adtantage could be seen JB 2 xell platsed dairy farts The tasagas of contagiaas discases like riaderpest and anthrax Valess stringent measures are taken > ut le molts coplade ·(18) against sach out reaks, it will be well nigh impossible to make any headway sa the improvement of the lire stock Srstematic and periodx inoculation against such desdly diseases and the testing of arusaals for tuberculosis Deed greater emphasis Homan life is closely connected with the lealth of the re-stock It is commor kaomledge that * number of animal diseases are communicable to man From milk alone such infections as Tabercalosis, Typbord, Septic Tonsilte, etc , are frazismitted Veterioary aid to the lire stock shonld be available (9) The increased deorand for meat daring recent tiping has led to Tery indiscrimigate slaughter of fire-stock There should be every strice legislation prohibitiog the slaughter of all pregnant animals and animals capable of reproduction Slaughter houses sbonld be rigoroudly inspected by competent officers. Attempts should also be made to sairage the Cosa and other useful animals from larger cities were slaughterios goes on noabated. (10) The Imperial Coupcil of Agricultural Research kare recently introduced a system of registerus pedigree animals It mould be prom fitable at the breeders vere escoaraged to breed animals according to the true type, and get them duly registered This will naturally enhance the talue of their animals, and they will be materially bcnefited. Since there happens at present to be no particular breed in thrs State, it is ol the utmost importance to have the best breeds and start a foundation berd Il odce such a thing is done the future is rers hopeful Within the space of this brief recommendation it is not possible to go into the details of the work This can be done at a latter stage whes things take definite shape ·APPENDIX Hi Rote on the Possibilities of Hydro-Electric Power Generation in Jaipur State Super Stato slendis 19 need of cheap power for development of anda tres, luge sad sealt There is plenty of scope for such develope ment but want of power stanis in the way Wood fuel 15 pot syailable in officedl guastite to rup sleam pladt for direct use or lor generating electric power which can be transmitted to diferent centres Coal bas to come from a long di tance, and of foel is expensive ap) 19 not easily obtargate Cheap vlectric poe* $ #bat is most need di Jaipur State The possibilities of generating hydro-electric power bave been in sestigated *21 11e Chambal nier, als ich might hare been thought suitable, is found to flow too far thraagbout its course of 44 miles on the boapdary of Ho Slove, hasa lall of only $6 it so that length Jorepves, the flow of the niret is meagre doring the sommes ScAgDD, TOT 19 there a constant fieavy flow for the greater part of the year There 19 no scope for a TC Toit on this wyser ia the State Ito Esos tirer 13 the oply fource with ca be atilised, though sth great drüiculty It has a source in ite Arsyal, Hills, and fathers water from a cand seat arex of 14000 miles, of which 19 000 sq miles lze bare the site selectcil for A reservoir 18 the firet, 4 sleg up-stream at the forry crosag of the Leisole-Sawat Badhopur Road on the river This * the only wise solliciratis dear to the sides where the generaling stations coolt to constructed The Bigas is a tnbolory ol the Chambal, and a few lock duwa-stress of the junction the Chambal leaves the State boundary Llew m les op-st 422 23 the most potable place for localios a generating talloa, becsege Baxisom parres can only be generated dy dropping the 3r trom tbo guest eleration to the lowest Ars?ble water coarse, The scheme comprise the coastract of resercou to hold up by to 1 drap mo s pater spread of $5 miles, and the volume carize would be 17000 1 Cit The dam will be of majoory this cakes and a sbg waste meer, god of csrihert band of the SŁWant to be taken from táss sesest011 by means of » shaxsel 1.9 og en so kogtli, add dropped to the rifer bed at Malarna , le fires o brad of sbeot 80 feet The tad water enters the neer mod par dana 15 pics dat ss picked up at Baqol and by means ·of another channel 12 mles in length at 19 dropped down by 30 It to the Chambal bed Thus tolal drop of 170 it is secured, bat the arrangement necessitates ino geserating stations With only one station on the Chambal, the length of cdinnel could be adout 50 maks and the loss in head oald Le Do It The total capacity of the tro stations together is designed to lue 11,000 Kilo Watts, and this will suffice for the first stage The cost 33 estimated at Rs one crore, and with a dependable 10,000 I P of power at the consumers' end, the annual rerenne anticipated is 14,60,000 at Rs 145 per II P per annum Deductios Rs 6 5 lakhs for porking crpcnees and depreciation, Rs 8 foklis ponld be the net rercndo, which means 8 per cent on the capital cost The details of the project are under O Festigation, and the cost can only be arrired at a'ter all the cius fully estimated for Further, the present stuation and the port wa situation may c1050 a tremeadons difference in the cost of machinery and electric cquipecat as compared with the pie pur prices, and crea what could be considered as proballe prices as estimated now In the second stage, & rescrroir on the Banaz at Bısalpar near Deol can be constructed after reaching an agreement with Tonk Stalc, and the power generated can be donbled IP, ingrend of 11,000 KW, city would be 22,000 1 11 Tke capacity of this ***CI FOTr trould be another 17,000 D Cit, and refer can be let down in the riter utilised at the two gencrating stations nientioned abore This us all the scopo for generation of hydro-electrie lower in the Jaipur State thero 39 no other place G SLSUAGIRI RAO, Chirs Engineer for Irrigation the card ·APPENDIX 1 Comparative statement showing (1) the total retenue and (11) the Tuttists from laxed as percentage of total redenue in different states Total Derecce Land frevenue total Castoma Cxcise Income Tax . 1 Ilyderabad 8,61,98,167 36 31 19 7725 08 Wyboto 3,96,22,010 29 03 16 GS 719 3 Tratadcore 2,33,82,250 13 78 19 20 29 03 410 Baroda 2,25,74,400 36 33 73116 22 275 5 Jammu xud Kashmir 2,82,15,000 27 31 28 39 1 32 6 Cachia 36,62,103 12 38 26 6921 67 809 7 In lore 1,20,00,000 19 312171 10 58 8 Bikaart 88,03,931 10 03 1988 1378 3 Jopas 1,55,00,000 39001290 484 It any de Roted that there it is come tax in many of the progreMBITO States (17) tot considering tho percentage proportions, Jaipur's {ar resources la general and that of exciso in parti colar seem to be less developed than in most other States Adaple looma tsble from The Indian Journal of Economic', April 1511, 898 (Figares for all the States except Jaipur are for 1938-89, for Jalpar Leyne lør 1949) ·( 22 ) TABLE B, Comparative statement showing the total rspenditure and the percentages under some detclopment heads in different states, Slate Total Exp 1. Hyderabad 19 35 19 00 . 2. Mysore .. $90 S16 9.09 ) 10 46 8 Traradcore 9,94,43,500 | 10 GO 4,09,60,857 | 1341 2,55,64,008 | 1975 2,29,90,000 17 08 and 2,29,49,000 554 I 80 0 75 1903 + Baroda 373 8 08 071/1435 905 994 29 O GC Jam tau Kashmir 6. Cochin 7 65 5 73 1.63 1333 7. Indoro 9 08 106 $30 11 50 95,64,890 1952 1,19,07,200 816 6,66,16,811 5 96 1,35,00,000 8 Bilanır G 63 O GO 00210 69 9 Jaipar GII 490 0 0 009 (13 83 Note-ti) tbe general loxness of proportion spent ander development heads in Jaipor; (w) the particular deficicacy ander the heads of Education, Agriculturo and Industries (Adapted from The Il dian Journal of Economics, April 1941, p B29, with Jaipur figures added ) ·TABLE C Comparative statement of expenditure on development in different states Percentage State or Province total expenda ture Expenditore per head of population Rs & P 1 Hyderabad 35 68 : Mysore 32 64 2 0 1 3 Travacote 89 56 1 15 9 4 Baroda 98 96 8 92 6 Jammu & haskar 23 43 1 4 11 C Cochin 1709 911 G Indore 28 30 4 14 % 8 Jaipur 25 88 B kans 29 83 1 10 21 It may be cotel-() that ependiture on derelopment per head of population is lowest in Jaspor, that percentage speat on development is tburd lowest, those still lower belag Bikanir and Jammu and Kashmir (tdapted from The la Lan Journal of Economics, April 1911, p 826, Vapor Sgezes added.)

·( 22 ) TABLE B. Comparative statement showing the total espenditure and the percentages under som derclopment heads in different states. State. Total Exp. Percentag spent on Education, Medical and public health. Agriculture and Co-operation. 1. Hyderabad Industries. Public work. 2. Mysore 3. Travancore 0,84,48,500 10 60 4,03,60,857 13 41 2,55,64,008 19 75 3 54 2-19 0 35 19 00 ... 4. Baroda 4.90 3.16 9.09 1048 5 54 5 1 80 Jammu Kashmır. 2,29,90,000 1708 2,29,49,000 9 05 0.75 13 and 374 3 08 6. Cochin 0.71 14 3 94 2 29 ... 7. Indoro 95,64,890 19 52 0.66 14 8. Bokadir 7 65 6 79 816 1.69 19 33 9 308 1,19,07,200 6,66,16,811 1,55,00,000 Jaipur 1 06 5 96 4 30 11 50 6 63 0 60 611 002 10 69 4 90 040 0 0919 89 Note--(1) the general lowness of proportion epent under development box in Jaipur (11) the particular deficiency under the heads of Education, Agricolton sad jedustries (Adapted from The li dian Journal of Economics, April 1941, p 829, with Jaipur figures added) ·APPENDIX J List of Proposed Schools, Jalpur State. AUGUST, 1912 (Saplled by Captain Pande, Principal, Bula College, Pilani ) A Shekhawati 1 2 Aminpar-Gadhali. 8 Baghuba 4 Jodi 6 Dawa Chara. 7 Xoloth Dari 8 Bhadanpers 9 Jaipur 10 hakoda Cbatan 12 Darbar 19 Bandralt. 16 Caopakharda 15 Shabpar 16 Jak od 17 hant JB Cadania 19 Absar 20 Solda * Skeotstapars. ! Dhanu 30 Jakbora 81 Ghamansar 32 3310 para 93 Lalpar 84 Bajalo 35 Desagar 8C Lund 87 Hassasar 98 Shekhar 89 Betamsst 40 Udaras Ajari. 49 Badelmas 43 With was Sedigert 45 Tadsar 46 Thodi 47 Laonda 48 Gards. Nathasar 50 Pstbasar 53 Badbet 52 Jahasar 33 Ranagar hslothra 33 Mamlas Pa sada 67 Jatrara Numar 39 Bas 0 Bedrass *3 Ebazpor # Vanipes 4 fontufas ·( 24 ) Table D Comparative statement showBg expenditure on education to different states Percentage of total Expeadı tare Per Ilead of population 1 Hyderabad 10 6 0 101 2 Mysore 19 11 9 Travancore 19 75 © 15 1 Baroda 17 08 19 Cochta 19 32 1 8 ) 6 Ladace 816 011 1 7. Jammu and hashmir 905 09 8 Bikaart 06 9. Ja pur It may be noted that per fufity cependiture on Cuacation : latest in Jaipur (1dapted from The Ind an Journal of r'coronac* {pril 1941, p 899 milk ffures for Jaipur added) ·( 27 ) 187 Kad para 132 Harpers 110 Nannagopora 383 Bhadarpark 14? Whstway 143 Rasolois 10 Dhundola 113 Bijapas 116 Chandru 117 buradpart 118 Juroott. 343 Womana. 350 Gopalgara 151 Kharsznu. 15° Narods. 158 Lodra 154 Passat, 135 horlogna, 256 Mungera 107 Godba 158 Gadgets 359 Sangh I'us $60 Bhojpurua IGI 162 Amateurs Amber Hizamat 108 kann. 261 hora por 165 Dashsagarb 566 Chas pora 178 Gopsipark 173 kaljaapara 180 Udaipur 181 Amarpan ROTATI, 133 Chat 181 Sangla 185 Ganodla 186 Kookta! 187 Khaļas 188 Kapas 189 190 Blogrla. 191 Chipota 192 Blojpurs 133 SandarPDTB 395 Gbatwer! 195 Todaladı 196 Laripuis. 197 Balod 198 Kuda 199 Togeta 200 haligons 201 Dugtunata 202 B121901. 203 Bashni 204 Bamatwa 803 Nimi 206 Mollah 207 Pagtawas E Jaipur Nizamat 208 Nails 209 Dzlopora 210 Palat Sada! 212 haars 915 hatrar 214 Malwara Fslebpor 1674 11aj para 168 hangs! 163 Cache. 170 Yoga til Dadas 1: S Rampant 1 labu t'! Raloota 13 Clarges 16 Dislaliassa 1 " Dargth 213 216 Saogata ·(28) 102. Jhschired Bari. 103. Alarratu Chhota. 104. Karadge Bata. 105. Handela Bara. 106. Balania, 107. Tbitbanata. 108, Thethalia. 109. Nari 110. Shekhisar. 111. Sabaksar. 112. Jrleo. 119. Palas, B. Torawati. 61. Shşampere, 62. Kanwarpars, 69. Jagatpura. 64. Padoli. 65. Rasidpur. 66. Jhingar. 67. Amirpara. 68. Punlao. 69. Kbem wasar, 70. Bidasar. 71. Alcbpura. 72. Gariada, 78. Antroli. 74. Anokhu. 75. Fatehpurs. 76. Sihat 77. Senadchhoto. 78. Sewad Bari, 79. Rulana wlali. 80. Dhabi Charan, 82. Kachiya. 82. Tunwa, 83, Jhajar. 84. Kirroli Bari. 85. Oatoth. 86. Tirlokipath. 87. Garoda, 88. Jeoli, 89. Ghitra Bari, 90. 91. Jalu. 92, Bathoib. 93. Pateada. 94. Shola. 95. Juliassr. 96. Dhaudha, 97. Marsas. 98. Dban. Para, 39. Kantins. 100. Dagror, 101. Sbethabas 114. Jhalra, 135, Kho, 116. Dbani. 117. Salaidipora. 118. Papisras. 119. Khandela. 120. Bamera. 121. Bhamanwas. 122. Rajpura. 129. Sangara. 124. Kali Khera. 125. Nilar. 126. Loborsas, 127. Abirpala, 128. Rampuran 129. Chitrapas. 130. Paadu. 191. Amlotn, C. Sambhar. 192. Sasad Para, 189. Raghunath Para. 134, Madpars. 135. Popgarb. IBG. Jandias, 137. Chandaapon. 188. Akhipura.

·() 37 Abbaptis 139 Budakhe 999 Desgerpart 300 Karons: 801 Gal 802 Les $03 BLATOAKUS 803 Balous 306 Khatri 907 Burzapars 303 Lakbaopni 303 Ramaları Hudaun Nizamat 385 Rajpur 886 337. Cheranda 338 Kbera 899 Aluda 340 841 Mohanpur 342 Raroata 319 Khaadip KOBAWA 345 Baroda 346 Toksi 847 Baglal 948 Bap 849 Sahar 850 Bardala 351 Bamors 882 Sarai 833 Aligat; 854 Ghult 385 Kepkals 358 Amargoth 837 Surgach 838 Bitor $59 Dhos: 360 Bhitah 862 Ghara 862 Atarwas 910 Bhads $11 Papgo? 312 hot 913 Qarh $14 Pakbar SI5 Paris 816 Bordoku 317 Bunle 11 918 Ialrabera 819 kabehpar. 320 Piula ut Karlopar $29 Iarle 893 Job 991 hher 993 Pond $96 Tigria Malar 199 Dhapdhaper 33 h bers 30 Saonog bad 331 Dhopur 33* Urdu 1. Sawai Madhopur Nizama 363 Gbadroli 964 Bacaboch $63 Narol 366 Phulwara 967 Terrara 368 Narayanpor $69 Batoda 370 Vorpa 571 Gbal mapart 372 Paalsoola Gangapar Nizamat L Durato ·( 28 ) Rop Bxs 217 durgaro 918 Jtrola 219 Satakhpnra 220 Bilyar 221 BiBadralo Kishorpara 223 Deoringbpura 224 Jigsada 225 Sagadpura 226 Naslo 227 Brampurs 228 Nendpara 229. Hatheli 280 Sartipara 231 Temaria 292 Lomara 233 Jagoghpurr 284 Khalpura 235. Sandara 236. Patan 237. Badhogarh 238 Mabarajpura 289 hatepars 20 Dhanoo 241 Rupdass 242 Ibers 243 Dhols Basra Tikaria Minka Jagsirs 917 faipara Darazpara Karch Gararpraps 253 Radoli 252. kashipura Dausa Nizamat 256 Chandaars 257 Nezars 958 Dalavarper 239 Kanor 260 Pandırara 261 Baual 262 Lilodh 203 hhera 26 Hangola 265 Balera 266 Bajamara. 287 Latimora 268 259 Aliner -70 Pachhopata Chandora 272 Baragoon 279 Basra 274 Pichopare Kalan 275 Deları 276 Kalma. Alahasra 278 Nora 279 Melaros 280 Dagoria 281 Banjana 282 Ganglatras 285 Deori 284 Rajhas 285 Cubokramara 286 Achhalpara 287 Gandras 288 Pannol 289 hala khol 990 Dairands hlash 292 SIWAS Alads 591 Lasikas 295 Maramas Rajes 2.58 Nampura Udhali

·( 91 )
(51 Khayari
(5: Almere
453 Mor
434 Sahi
453 Jhali
(56 kastol
K. Kot Kasim Nizamat
458 Lalpar
459 BA
460 Bhonker
461 Oatabpar
462 Balaber,
463 Baghna
464 Gikaks,
457
Borara
Pated by Krishna Ran Vete, at the Larder Press, Allahabad

·( 30 ) 415 Rapthstabhor Kandhers 3 Malpura Nizamst 973 Nieod 874 Pipelda 375 Ghats 876 Mittarpura 877 Bojara 378 Snrampara 879 Baragoon 880 Sirohi 381 Khiraz 889 Варт 883 Baur Khera 384 Kodha 885 Mamrolt 986 Baragood 387 Papalwara 388 Basi 389 Siwarah 890 Ihonpura 831 Bighios 899 Barola S9S Rappota 894 Kander 895 Bh dola. 996 hawar 997 Dchkwa 898 Afan 899 Dabi 400 Khat, 401 Bhodott Chandholt 109 Badolas 104 Ulsahra Bilor Basa 107 Dangra 408 hasert. 409 Bagboys 410 Birpur horolt Taloon. Lawards 416 Siras 417 Muodis 418 Chanepara 919 Bagager 420 Baspora 421 Dangarthal 422 Berthal 423 Sonars 424 Jodbpar Akoris 426 Bisneo 497 Chandia 428 Mokarpara 423 Ratanpara. 490 Sırsa 491 Mandoora 432 Sitapara 433 Sbes 494 Antoli 435 Band 490 Pipals 497 Garjero 438 Pratappara 483 Gopalpura Desmu kacholia hodara $43 Najpura Dols haala Jalangırpara Hamirper 40B Lamba Basera 450 Pathra1

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