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·18.) SAUNDERS: MONTHLY MAGAZINE. www No. VII.) MAY, 185 3. [Vozí 11. A By K., .... INDIA, ...... CONTENTS. PAGE AN INNOCENT FLIRTATION ; BEING PASSACE IN THE LIFE OF THE TION'BLE AUDLEY ASHTON, C. S. BY THE AUTHOR OF RETROSPECTIONS OF A YOUNG MAN, &c.,' 5:39 NEAR AND FAR. 549 MILITARY LAW IN 550 THE ZENANA. By H. G. K., ...... 558 HISTORY OF THE LEAGUE. BY J. H......... 563 MEMORY AND HOPE, BY K., 586 YOUNG BENGAL; OR, THE HOPES OF INDIA. BY (Ediphus, By (Ediphus, 5:38 : ROUGII NOTES ON THE CIVIL ADMINISTRATION OF THE AM- AirSOR DISTRICT, 600 SENT OUT TO INDIA-A TALE. BY HE AUTHOR OF "MY UNCLE Ben's Courtshir8," 613 Brdine SELECTIONS AND TRANSLATION: olden Time, Tableaux-Love in the *xxvii. to xcylia, .....

·NOTICE.
THE FIRST PART OF
OUTH BEBT,
A TA I E,
By Paul Benison,
WIL APPEAR IN TIJE JUNE NUMBER OF THIS MAGAZINE.

·SAUNDERS' MONTHLY MAGAZINE. No. VII.] MAY, 1 8 5 3. [VOL. II. wman AN INNOCENT FLIRTATION; BEING A PASSAGE IN THE LIFE OF THE HON'BLE AUDLEY ASHTON, C. S. By the Author of “ Retrospections of a Young Man," &c. - CHAPTER I, To those who are acquainted the more dignified appellation with the station of IIasilabad in of Joint Magistrate and Deputy the North West Provinces of the Collector. To the natives the Bengal Presidency, I need not “ Chota Sahib" for the time becommunicate the fact that the ing is the Chota Sahib, aryd (like mornings in March are still plea- Wordswo's primusey'is nosant, and cool. When I say that thing more ; the only difference they are not much hotter in the wing perceptible to the officer early part of the month than a himself, who does the same work very hot noon in the English on very different salaries accorddog-days, it will give a sufficient ing to the title he may happen to idea of the climate to those bear. whom it is as yet unknown. A Now it chanced that in the small place with no trade ; but month of March 18–, the Joint as the metropolis of a zillah, how- Magistrate for the time being ever poor, it is the residence of had been so long and so habitualthat odd Indian substitute for a ly passed over in promotion, that Parish Priest-the Collector and as he was of retired habits and Magistrate. This officer is as bad health, he neither made a sisted in his onerous duties by a fuss about it, nor went on sick young gentleman, whose functions leave ; but, being a single man, are much the same, though he with no one dependent on him sometimes figures in the Civil list but an aged mother in England, as ' Assistant, sometimes enjoys he went mad, was shipped off VOL. 11.NO. VII. B ·540 An Innocent Flirtation. a " home," and heard of no more. ed, all proper, with the motto Hasilabad was therefore without « NE FRIGORE TORPET." “ Chota Sahib," when, on onc Hawthorn had come from the of the above-mentioned pleasant China service, (I am speaking of mornings, Mr. Peter Hawthorn, some years ago), and was a young the " Collector and Magistrate,' man for the responsible post he (funny sounding combination of occupied. He was a young man titles) sate at a table in a shady when first appointed, and anyarbour in his garden, surrounded thing but an old one now; while by trees, shrubs, and flowers ofe owing to his good spirits and all kinds and from various cli temper he had the appearance of mates. "She honey-suckle on the being yet younger than he realtrellis, mingled its pale but fra ly was, compared to his bili. grant blossoms with those of glo ous and wrinkled cotemporaries. rious tropical creepers, from Vir Contented and happy, with ginia and Brazil, whose gorgeous sweet, fond wife, an excellent display of blue, scarlet and gold constitution, and plenty of recould not prevent the English sources in music and painting; exile from recognizing the sweet fond, withal, in a manly, active, familiar plant of his own far land. out-of-door way, of his grim and The squirrels rustled chattering dolorous profession ; it will not through the branches of the be matter of wonder that Hawmangoes; like a shower of flying thorn lived on in his pleasant leaves, the parrots hurtled by; bungalow and beautiful garden the " coppersmith" pursued his at Hasilabad, without that connoisy labours in the distance ; stant pining for other scenes and while, in wild diapason, harmo occupations which makes it so nizing the rural concert, swelled especially true of the Anglo-Inalways around, the silver fluting dian, that of innumerable doves. “ Man never is, but always to be, blest." Dear Mrs. Hawthorn, though From this you are to under to sec her was to love her, yet stand that, breakfast being over, no one could find it in his heart the " Burra Sahib” was sinokin to envy Peter the possession of his cigar in complacent case, such treasure. listening, perhaps, with his heart couple secmed formed for one to the voice of Nature, but hav another, the Iławthorns ing his ears filled by the less at mat pair ; so said the world, and tractive accents of a droning Seo, even the breath of scandal rerishtadar. At a short distance frained from clouding the clear Mrs. Peter (how could we have image of their wedded happiness. forgotten her so long !) was set "Take it to your Master, pretled comfortably on a low chair, scntly said the lady, speaking to her sunny ringlets falling on a a tall Jemadar with a fine white large work-frame, on which she beard, the dagger in his sash glitwas busily employed in copying, tering cvery time he moved, with from her husband's design, the its pendent ornaments. armorial bearings of the family; new Assistant, Peter, I think." Argent, a sprig of Glaston Peter took the card from his bury thorn, leaved and blossom servant, and read aloud, “ Hon. а. If ever a were « Our ·An Innocent Flirtation. 541 91 men. am Audley Ashton ?--Yes, let the Silly creature," replied his Sahib come in, Meer Khan." wife, "the absurd vanity of you " Ilow can I let the Sahib But you're all alike. Lis come?" replied Meer Khan," the ten what the Principessa suys of chokidar of the Dawk Bungalow ber brother. *Audley is rather brought the ticket, () cherisher of good looking--some people say the humble. But your worship there is a strong likeness in the has not seen the chitty." So say family and be is aware of his ing, the old man picked up a note advantage. Since he went into which had fallen at bis mistress's stick-up-collars, he has never been feet, and handing it to her, retir out of love, and poor papa and od with an obeisance. mamma have had the greatest “ Excellent," cried Mrs. Peter trouble ; at last he was threatened as she read, and clapping her little with some horrid legal proceedplump hands-—"A letter from ings, and to tell you the truth, that my dear friend Sophie Ashton, was the chief reason he was sent whom I have not seen since I out to India, for we had boped left school. And the new As. to have got him attached to the sistant is her brother; only Embassy here, which would have think !" been so nice. Of course, dear, he “Never heard of her," said has never been to that horrid the philosophic Magistrate, busily Ailesbury, or wherever it is that engaged in the onerous duty of the young Indians learn to smoke signing his name. and scold their servants, (I “Of course not, you dear old told that a native is kept on purgoose. How could you? We pose,) so I hope you will find used to correspond before I threw him presentable. And if he myself away upon ...... comes in your way, do, dear, try ture that smokes cigars. But she to keep him out of mischief, esfollowed my absurd example, pecially marrying a black orman, married an Italian Prince, and which I am sure papa would newent off to the Continent. It is ver allow; and i could never so long since I heard of her, that açlmit her into my house, I would I declare I had quite forgotten sie first. Au reste, hum her. Oh, I am so glad," said the hum, that's all.' young matron, naïvely. Her hus Peter in the ineantime had band perceived the advantage her been methodically disposing his non sequitur had given Wing, papers in a japanned despatchand observed drily, as he looked box, which he locked up, and up from his papers, calling the Jemadar, bade him I should not think your mer send them to Cutcherry. mory was very good, my dear. “ Sensible woman that friend It is rather a bore for your dear of yours. I wonder the lad did est friends, however glad you may not call. English shyness I supbe. However, I can account for it pose, not worn off. A squire of all," and he tried to look very dames,' eh? makes love to the coxcombical. "After you marri- tradesmen's daughters : all blushes ed, you of course had an object and soft speeches : a sort of sackenough to fill every corner of ing Young Marlow, eh? Well (for your friend's sake, my dear,) a crea- . your heart," ·542 An Innocent Flirtation. I'll give into his ways, and look in at the Dawk Bungalow as I go to the office." So saying the cheerful son of Themis took leave of his wife in the form and manner in such cases made and provided ; and his buggy-wheels were heard rumbling away in the distance, soon CHAPTER II. I supcom- 9 AUDLEY Ashton was paring his curry eating spectre Sophie's filbert nails in the Dawk Bunga friend has grown into. low. Around him were the usual pose the letter has found its way agrémens of those houses of wel there by now, and that Hawthorn come (though slender) entertain will come and call upon me. They ment. Wide plains of arid sand, told me in Calcutta that I should with here and there a mangohave to deliver my letter in pertopc; the weedy dull son, but catch me at such a pound," and half-a-dozen mynahs gaucherie. If he can't conform and crows chattering and croak to the usages of English society, ing over the nands in the Veran let him keep his acquaintance to dah, like a company of aged gen himself..... So he fell to tlemen and ladies at lea; such caressing his whiskers, and lookwere the elements of scenery ing at his very tight boots, while revealed through the shattered Hawthorn's buggy was driving venetians. Within, a suspicious- up, and the jovial Magistrate was, looking bedstead, a three-legged next moment, heartily employed table, and a Board of Regulations in wringing the hand of the ashung, picture-wise, upon the wall, tonished dandy. completed the melancholy circle “Ah...... Mr......ah...... Hawof visible objects. thorn I presume. Audley Ashton had propped up “ No presumption in the world the deficient quarter of the iable my dear fellow : but Hawthorn with a magnificent solid leather is my name, England is my naportmanteau, and sate before it, tion, India is my dwelling-place, employed as above; a pale youtA and this my situation : always with elaborate hair and whiskers, jolly, and glad to see you at and clothes of the latest London the present moment ; send your fashion. things up to my house, and jump “ A comfortable introduction to Into the buggy: I'll take you to this infernal country;" he might Cutcherry, and introduce you to have been heard to mutter, look the Omlah, and M& D'Gomes the ing through the opposite wall, as Deputy: come along; qui hye?" if in appeal to Society at large; Thus rattling, the excellent fel- "To what purpose was it that I low gave the necessary orders to got an appointment from the the servants of the Bungalow, and Board, and so escaped Hailey- pushed his bewildered companion bury with its puerile debauchery; into the buggy. Racing over the or cut the colonial gaieties of well-metalled road at the best Calcutta by coming to study up speed of a sixteen-hand roan mare, the country under these Haw (Hawthorn's hack for day-work, thorns? I wonder what kind of which stood any amount of sun or ·An Innocent Flirtation. 543 rain, went about twenty miles an good or evil, on their tempers, hour, and had not a leg to stand comforts and prospects. Serious on,) they speedily reached the certainly is the responsibility Cutcherry, a desolate looking (though weakened by constant building, in the design pf which twaddling) of a youthful foreigner, the architect appeared to have imperfectly acquainted with the wavered between a palanquin language or tone of feeling of the and the Parthenon ; and passing natives, some of whom he is to through the ranks of bowing na rule as official superior, all as tives, made their way into a dark Magistrate ; and one cannot wonroom, where, as his eyes became der at the deep and often shrewd sufficiently expanded, Ashton dis- investigations made by his future covered a jet black elderly gen- dependents into those outward tleman in white hair, and clothes symptoms from which they may of the model of the Prince Regent, conjecture of his mizaj, his kindnibbing a pen at a green-baized ness, his justice, or his gullibility. table. This was Mr. DeGomes, On the present occasion the for- (or as he persisted in spelling 'mation of opinions, whatever they it, D'Gomes, a name obviously might have grown to, was sudnot otherwise pronounceable than denly cut short by Hawthorn, as we have written it)-a mem who, waiting till they were colber of what is called the Un lected round in the most breathcovenanted Service," a body which, less interest, abruptly rose, and in spite of its illogical name, has looked round upon the Onlah, been and always must be an inva- rubbing his hands very briskly, luable instrument for carrying out and pronouncing in English, and most of the details of Anglo-In- in a loud voice the words “ Now dian Administration, Mr. D'. then !" which mysterious ac- Gomes had risen from the ranks tion had the effect of scattering of under-writers at 70 rupees per them with magical rapidity. mensem, to the non-commissioned “Like to come and sit upon the grade of Deputy Collectors, with Bench for a few minutes, Ashton ? full powers as Magistrate, a hand- A beautiful murder case coming some salary, and a recognized gn; old woman found in bed with position in society. her head banging by a thread." " Bless me," said Ashton, with Returning the Assistant's bow a start, “ what a baw for the old with almost equal stateliness, the woman!" worthy Deputy sent for chairs, • "Yes," cried Peter, in his hearand the trio engaged in conver ty way, "and the best of the joke sation; the Native officials mean. is that the evidence is so nicely while with their odd ideas of po- balanced, that it is impossible to liteness (and no class of people tell whether the crime was comcan be more punctilious in their mitted by her own son, or by the own way) availed themselves of Police." the most flimsy and transparent " You don't say so ?" pretexts lo crowd round, and take “Yes, I do; and, as far as I've a mental daguerreotype of the been yet, the tossing up of a brass young “Hákim," who was to ex farthing would be the likeliest way ercise so great an influence for to come to a decision. Old joke, ·544 An Innocent Flirtation. you know," said Peter, suddenly recollecting his responsibility, never do that sort of thing of Come and see." “ Thank you, but it would be rather a baw." “ Well then," said the disappointed Magistrate, “ take the buggy and drive up to my house. You can make yourself miserable with Mrs. Hawthorn till dinnertime. Ho there! Serishtadar !" 13 course. CHAPTER III. As time went on, Audley Ashe sate uneasily thinking over his ton was persuaded that it really want of firmness, with a fine damp was the custom of the country for wind coming over him from the new-comers to call first on the Thermantidote in Cutcherry, and residents in the station. With reminding him of the breeze when that practice he complied, making he used to walk from Broadstairs thereby the acquaintance of the to Ramsgate, and look at the sea Civil Surgeon, (a pleasant person of with-never mind with whomhard features, who spoke English Olivia never knew, " after the school of Fife") and of “Can I have the favour of a the family of Mr. D'Gomes, which word with you, sir ?" asked Mr. consisted of one daughter. Miss D'Gomes, solemnly. The sound Euphrosyne had attractions of un of his voice disturbed Peter Haw. common and picturesque charac thorn's reverie ; and he turned a ter; a Creole beauty, with billowy bewildered gaze on his worthy black hair, and flashing eyes of the Deputy. same colour; moreover, she had : After the chair had been brought, been educated in France, and by and the weather discussed a little, dint of associating with Mrs. Mr. D'Gomes, gradually getting Hawthorn, had added to the verve the better of a smart fit of coughof that country, something of the ing, begged to know if Mr. Asharepose of English society. ton had been behaving anywise Now, with all our respect for remarkably of late ? the Bengal Civil Service-and on Not more so than usual," rethis point it is only necessary to plied Peter, with a smile. reiterate the common remark that Because," pursued Mr. their worst fault is a tendency D'Gomes, severely, "I think he's to talk shop"-it must be con in love." ceded that Ashton was a very idle "God bless me," replied the young man. Peter, whose wbols Magistrate, "with whom ?" soul was in his zillah, was at first "Why, sir, the case is this. much disappointed; but there was Yesterday, being a native holiday something in the vapid good-hu- in consequence of the Choontee mour of the dandy's face, which Pooja, I was sitting in my private defied rebuke, and he was very apartment. I have the bonour to attentive to Mrs. Peter. So on the add for your information that may whole he enjoyed his leisure with- drawing-room is separated thereout much serious remonstrance. from bx a purdah, or native screen, Naughty Peter : he deserved to and as I was dosing, or rather inbreak his neck over the back of dulging in the approaching wings his chair, and he knew it; as he of the drowsy god, it might fairly 11 ·An Innocent Flirtation. 546 ) be inferred by parties in the ad through his work, impatient to joining chamber that I was either confide his discovery to the wife absent, or, if in my room, was of his bosom, and consult with asleep.' her about measures to restrain the “Excuse me, Mr. D'Gomes, brother of her "dear friend." but if this case is not of immediate N poor Mr. D'Gomes had importance, had you not better put indeed acted nobly. Setting aside off the hearing till the evening. the templation we may suppose I have one here that is." him to have felt to connect him. “I shall conclude shortly. I self and settle his daughter with was reclining, as above stated, the well-born and well-provided when I heard voices, which I Civilian, he had a particular dispresently recognized as those of like to Mr. Enfield, and shuddermy daughter and Mr. Enfield. ed at the thought of his becoming • It is of no use talking,' said the the husband of the brilliant Eulatter gentleman, (or words to that phrosyne. effect,) you may please yourself.' To explain this it must be re- Thank you for nothing,' said my membered that Mr. Enfield, the daughter. She has quite her la Head Clerk in the Office, was as mented mother's spirit, has Miss marked a type of the new school D'Gomes. 'I saw you walking of East-Indian, as the Deputy with Mr. Ashton in the Nawaub's was of the old. While the latter garden last night, by moonlight.' adhered to the smooth face, bol- Sir,' says she,' and what if you ster white tie, and short waisted did ? I suppose I am not come to tightness of the plethoric and unask your permission in the selec- gainly period when he first began tion of companions for a walk; ' $0 to associate with Europeans, the after a few more words of a simi. Clerk was a rakish slip of a fellow lar import they separated, as it with curly hair, splendid mousappeared, in somewhat of a heat ; tache, and point de vice clothes of and I have the honor to be-I the most modern design, wouldsay, I think there is, what the great modern masters," as he is sometimes termed, & screw said. In loudness" of costume, loose." indecd, he outshone the Assistant. “I think so too," said Peter. # Now Miss D'Gomes, in virtue your hand, Mr. of her father's oflicial position, D'Gomes ; you have acted like a associated with the Magistrate's man of honour. We mustos family and occasional visitors ; course at once prevent this boy while on the other hand Mr. Enmaking a fool of hims ....... Ahem field visited at the Deputy's, but -no offence Mr. D'Gomes .... pot at the Burra Sahib's. Such is good nfurning then for the present." the rule of Indian Society, the (Aside, as the Deputy retired to test being one rather of bureau his own Court.) Awkward than of birth. And Mr. Enfield pression-no fear of his making a being the only Ferdinand of her foul of himself, though; nature has wilderness the Doctor going Baved him the trouble." Şo, rub for a mere Caliban-may have bing his hands, and chuckling at been considered deserving of some is own (not very brilliant or ori encouragement, and a little excus. ginal joke), Hawthorn hurried able flirtation had in all probabi- " after 66 Give me ex- ·546 An Innocent Flirtation. lity, however checked by Mr. evening, Olivia looked up so has- D'Gomes, been going, on from tily, as to toss out of the ministertime to time between the young ing hand such little implements people. We shall now be better of the toilet as were at the moable to appreciate the extent of ment in use. Also from what the good old man's virtue in afterwards happened, I am inmaking Hawthorn the confidence clined to think that Mrs. Peter he had. was deeply engaged in turning That worthy minister of justice over the plans, prospects and dulost no time in mentioning the af; ties that lay before her in her fair to his wife, who however sur new capacity of guardian to a prised him greatly by not appear young man. This youth, so warming to attach much importance to ly commended to her by the comthe matter. Ah, Olivia, how could panion of her girlhood, must not, you be so silly? Are you smitten under her roof, fall into the snares with that weakness so common to of a common-place adventurer, your sex, of never acknowledging with a forehead of brass and a the merit of any discoveries ex pair of impudent black eyes. cept your owu? I am afraid you Such was Olivia's disparaging valuation of her young friend, as her For the next morning as Mrs. regard for the "favoured guest" Peter was sitting before the glass, inspired her with various plans while her old ayah was “ doing doing" for his preservation. those golden locks, she (Olivia) was lost in thought. In vain, so At length she sighed and cross- I have heard, did the ayah plyed her hands as she sate back in her with news and gossip of one her chair. So that her determisort and another; she remained nation, whatever it was, did not silent. I gather the nature of her seem to afford her satisfaction, meditations however, from the or even much relief. But whatfact that when the old native said ever it was, we may be sure Mrs. that the “Chota Sahib' walked Hawthorn will carry it out. Tis with the " Missy Baba" every a way she has, are. CHAPTER IV. In the meanwhile matters were the worthy Clerk took to reading fast ripening. To any one who Lord Byron's works, and other possessed the key, Mr. Enfield's literature of the like stimulating conduct was diverting in the ex order, and seemed to be revolvtreme; Audley's a little melan- ing in his deep breast, schemes choly. Whether it was the Assis of victory or revenge. Our foldtant's waistcoats or his whiskers, ed arms, many a black look was (and yet Mr. Enfield was scen to proceed from him towards scious of no inferiority in either the unconscious Assistant during respect,) but. Mr. Enfield felt him the celebration of divine service selt" cut out." " Gold sir, gold, in the Hawthorn's drawing-room; and the presumption of a brutal which, if they had been observed aristocracy, backed by woman's by their object, (which they were inberent levity" had done it. So not,) would have received ample con- ·An Innocent Flirtation. 547 poor fellow." compensation in the amenity of to stop where he was, and bask, regard showered by the fair Eu as a blind puppy might, in the phrosyne. sunshine of January. One Monday morning Peter The cold weather having fairly was gone to office, and Audley set in, the party went out into the interior of the District-accordwas sinpering near the Thermantidote, dressed up to the cyes in ing to a common Indian bull spite of the heat. Mrs. Hawthorn having over-ruled " Where are you going, Mr. her husband's proposal that Aud- Ashton ?" asked our fair friend. ley should remain and carry on the current work of the office. “To the D'Gomes'," answered “Mr. D'Gomes would suffice the ingenuous youth, with a futile for that, she was sure ; and beattempt to appear unconcerned. sides poor Mr. Ashton really “ To the D'Gomes? Now fie, ought to learn something of the Mr. Ashton, I must really write District. He did not know and tell the Princess. You know where one of the Thannas was, Mr. D'Gomes is at Office, you must be going to Miss Euphro- Peter Flawthorn was anything syne. Go, sir, pray go at once. but an Othello, but this sort of She is perhaps waiting for you to language, frequently repeated, paint her portrait, or wind worst was beginning to cause him real ed for her. I would not detain annoyance, even anxiety. lle you for the world." saw an insipid man of fashion “My dear lady," said the asquartered upon him, who neglected to inake himself of the tonished, but good. natured coxcomb, “ what can I do for you? slightest use, lounged coolly all I am sure I don't care where I about the house, and seemed to go." be monopoliziny all Mrs. Hawthorn's time and sympathy. Mrs. Hawthorn rewarded him Puor Peter, taking a modest with a smile-such a smilc! and view of his own attractions, when Peter returned from oflice thought this latter fact natural, he found his truunt Assistant (a however disagrceable : and was non adjuvando ) occupying a footstool at Olivia's feet, engaged in rapidly, I believe, making up his mind that he would • i stand it no the pleasing occupation she had hinted at with regard to Miss longer." The first Sunday they halted D'Gomes. near a charming tank and Mau. So slipped away the hot season sðleum, situated about ten miles and rains. Audley made one (and a capital road) from the ſeeble attempt to leave the house, station of Hasilabad. Here Pe. which was strenuously resisted by ter firmly required that Miss Olivia, and, somewhat more cold, D'Gomes should join them for the ly, by Hawthorn, who seemed to day-that young lady arriving be going the extreme length of about eight o'clock. After due getting a little tired of his visitor! repose and breakfast, it was re- But Mrs. Hawthorn redoubled Bolved to make a survey of the ber attentions, and the indolent neighbouring ruins. And Ashman of pleasure was well content ton made for Euphrosyne's ele- VOL. II.-NO. VII.

·548 An Innocent Flirtation. phant, proposing to renew old fectly overpowered even the poco relations, and have her all to curante Audley with his nods and himself for the morning. At this becks, and wreathed smiles. moment, The party returned to the sta- • Come here," cried Oli tion in a few days. Again the via. "I want particularly to Hawthofns sate in the pleasant shew you such a lovely subject arbour. “ The new Assistant" is for a sketch :" (now rcally Peter with them. would have done the sketch far "Strange business just brought better ; Audley's drawings were Mr. D'Gomes here," said Peter, like nothing in the world but an “ of course I could not help him. Italian salad, to which they of Euphrosync has cloped with Mr. ten borc a striking resemblance). Enfield.” You must come on my elephant. Olivia clasped her hands. Her Peter, do you take care of Miss eyes filled with tears ; the re-ac- D'Gomes." tion was too much for her, and The latter reluctant couple she ran into the house, to the complied with this peremptory utter confusion of Meer Khan, command. Audley resigned him who saw her skirts disappear into self with his usual nonchalance, to the shade of the verandah, before be shone upon; and off they start he had time even to unfurl the ed, Mrs. Ilawthorn and Audley stately umbrella which usually chatting earnestly on the foremnost shaded his master or mistress as elephant; while behind, at remote they crossed the lawn. He was corners of their Howdah, followed left panting and alone. the Burra Sahib and Euphrosyne, An awkward pause ensued belooking as if they could have tween Ilawthorn and Ashton. If eaten one another with no farther they had lived before the discosauce than the acidity of their very of tobacco, I know not how respective states of mind. These they could have supported it. facts I have gathered principally As it was they both smoked like from Hawthorn's mahout. furnaces. There can be no doubt that “You see," presently began the worthy Magistrate and Col. Peter, “Mrs. Hawthorn has been lector passed a miserable morn. deceiving us all. You must not ing. His very affection for his mind it ; 'lis a way they have. wife enhanced his regret at her In fact we can't be too much unwonted folly, (" but they're all wbkged to her for the trouble she's alike," thought Peter moodily), taken._And we are all benefitand fixed his determination to ted. Except perhaps poor Mr. get rid of his guest by some D'Gomes; but Enfield is a smart, means or other before the sun fellow, and will make his way to set. But l'homme propose, etc. the Deputyship too in time." this resolve of his was, by all The ice of Ashton's vanity sorts of accidents, frustrated dur once broke ; his good heart shewing the entire day. Strangest ed him what a sacrifice Olivia bad hap of all : next morning, when been making to friendship. Of Miss D'G. had returned to the course lie went on leave till he paternal punkah, Peter's whole got a change of station (accommanner had changed, and he per- panied, I fear, by promotion, for ·Near and Fur. 549 and several children : the hardworking, and highly thought of Commissioner of the 100th Di. vision. they were not particular in those days), nor am I sure that the party ever met again; though I know that they always continued to cntertain the warmest esteem for each other. Audley is now a man of fourteen stone, with a cozy little wife And about the pleasantest couple in Cheltenham are Mr. and Mrs. Peter Hawthorn. NEAR AND FAR. Tucre is a glass that brightly gloweth, With Irak's roses' warinest hue, And its own vivid colour throwcth On all we view. So heartfelt happiness enlightens, With its own lustre earth and sky, And every scene around me brightens, When Thou art nigh. There is a mist the day that shadeth, And every beauty far and near, Beneath the sombre veil that fadeth, Looks diin and drear. And so repining sorrow cloudeth The llope that was my cheering star, Aud all that's fair, in darkness shroudeth, When Thou art far. K.

·[ 550 ) MILITARY LAW IN INDIA. The subject upon which we Court. Having now decisively are about to enter, is of so impor- premised that equity is the retant and serious a nature, that it quired definition, it will be found merits, in a most unquestionable imperatively necessary to explain sense, a more enlarged consider the nature of equity itself, and to ation, and a more elaborate treat enquire into the origin of its apment, than it will be in our paws plication to, and government of, er to afford within the narrow Military jurisprudence. It has limits of our columns; and there been already presumed that equifore we dcem it but just to our ty is a principle of law, and here readers to remind them that they law is supposed to be “ that rule will exercise a lenient indulgence of action which is prescribed by in not expecting that the follow some superior, and which the ining pages can possibly embrace ferior is bound to obey." This within their scope the materials rule of action, applied to the subnecessary to delincate and parti- jects of Great Britain, is denoted cularize that portion of the law in the existence of the Statute which gives the title to this and Common law. These laws Essay. It is therefore impressed are indigenous to the country, upon them, in all sincerity, that and in subjection to them, justice it is our humble intention to is administered, and its mandates simply employ our efforts to carried into execution ; but both wards the indication of the subject the administration and the exerather than its development; and cution are trammelled, obstructed thus, by candidly confessing our and delayed, by fictions and subweakness, to confidently hope tleties with which thcsc laws are that we may not be risking the clouded and disfigured. In the accusation of presumption or su framing of all laws justice is the perficialness, when it may be object. In order, therefore, to found that important points have remedy the defects above-menonly been touched upon without tioned, to extend the value of exa full and explicit analysis of their ecutive justice, by clearing from its qualities. path the technical obstacles which Of the numerous definitions of phave from time to time sprung Military law laid down and de up, as the weeds and grass grow tailed in the various works of Civi. over the unfrequented causeway, and Military jurisprudence, we it was found expedient to origi. can scarcely find one sufficiently nate a different mode of triad, free clear and unembarrassed froin from impediments in the shape technical and professional phra- of professional law, difficulties inseology to suit our purpose. In geniously invented by lawyers for the most concise terms to be used their own especial benefit, and to it may, however, be briefly de the injury of the interests of their fined, the principle of law called unfortunate clicnts. This mode equity, as applied to persons was termed “Trial by Equity." It amenable to trial by a Military has been generally, but very er- ·Military Law in India. 551 roneously, concluded, that accord authority. Equity establishes noing to the rules of equity, verdicts vel precedents, and is constantly were to be delivered according as occupied in searching for, and the private feelings of the Judges discovering greater facilities todictated ; that in the cases brought wards the administration of jugbefore them, justice was to be tice, when fresh cases for judgdistributed according to the parti ment arise-but do not interfere cular circumstances, and the pecu with any precedents already insti. liar position in which the prison tuted. Municipal law, on the ers might be situated ; that they other hand, neither seeks nor had of themselves a private power adopts iny novelties in the way of to alter established laws. But it reported cases, but remains satisis not so; the object to be attained fied with the traditions of justice by equity is to provide a more as already confirmed and laid open and easy course for distribu down by past decisions and detive justice, than that afforded by crees as existing in the Statute the Common law, but in no way and Common law. Law by equito abrogate the written law. It ty is constantly varying as fresh must not, however, be imagined, reasons for such changes occur ; that the practical system of equi- yet it must not, from all that we ty is not as definite and well have here stated, be supposed comprehended as the law itself. that the deciding Judges in Courts Equity is, in truth, nothing more of Equity are to decide solely than the law administered accord according to their own private or ing to the justice of the case as public opinion or imagination on appcaring from the evidence ad the matter brought before them; duced, but free from the intricari but if there are already precedents cies and fallacies which obscure recorded, they are bound to be the Common law. It is a more guided and ruled by such preceprompt and dccisive method of dents. The more extended in doing justice to the public and character, and the more numerto individuals, and passes through ous these precedents become, the no channels of tedious and equi- less arbitrary becomes the powvocal investigation. er and judgment of the Court of Municipal law is restricted to Equity, because these recorded forms, delays, and technicalities, cascs stand out in bold relief, to depending on the time, place, be, as it were, the confines and and circumstances connected with standards by which future decithe particular precedents which sions are to be decrced, and have been handed down from time #hich the Judges of posterity are out of mind, by ancient tradition bound to regard and ratify. and anaestral judicature ; Military Military law is, as we have belaw is administered in pursuance fore defined, simple equity, when to the dictates of equity, is swayed applied to persons receiving pay and biassed by simply that course from, or serving the, State. which unalloyed justice indicates The rules and regulations by as the shortest, clearest, and least which it is conducted and admi. obstructed with difficulties which nistered are published and detailcan be found, and by the wisdom ed in the Mutiny Act and Articles and prudence of the convening of War. The precedents which 1 ·,552 Military Law in India. are from time to time recorded, injuring and weakening the auand all these according to our pre- thority and reputation for justice mises of the explanation of the with which ruling powers are indifference existing between Mu vested; for if it be not implicitly nicipal law and that of Equity, inculcated that those powers or form the ground-work for the their i18struments have not the studies of such officers as may desire and the means to check be appointed to conduct and and prevent the working of presuperintend Military Courts. judice and partiality in the deci- These officers require then to sions of Judges, will not all cona make themselves perfect masters fidence, all sustaining dependence of the routine and precedents be be necessarily lost? Will not the longing to, and characterising Mi very object for which all human litary Courts. The absolute ne judicature is established be thus cessity and intrinsic value of this suppressed ? knowledge and education is evinc It is hard to expect from the ed in the immutable fact, that, if approving authorities that they any deviation from the practice should have to examine and canand recorded decisions of former cel the abuses of judicial discre- Courts, unless where novel, undetion, for if it be laid down that prefined cases happen, is permitted, it cedents are not to be followed, that destroys the principles upon which the Judge is at liberty to decide Buch Courts, being Courts of Equi- according to his own judgment, ty, are founded, and by the disre- by what rule is the confirming gard and rejection of the asiums and power to be guided ? None, landmarks of equity, literally and wc apprehend, except his own undeniably weakens or nullifies the conscience, which is, as long as justice and propriety of the decree human nature lasts, as likely to of the Court, of which they them be in error as the partiality or the selves may be the instructors and ignorance of the Judge. The superintending oflicers. great value of possessing prece- Besides, if the crimes and mis dents to guide the judgment of demcanors to be punished by a Court is acknowledged and acted Military law, as well as the pre upon by the highest Courts of cedents justifying the inflictions of Equity in the realm. Will it those punishments are not previ- then be argued; that inferior ously defined, it remains that they Courts, such as those governed will be exposed to the will and by the Military laws of the land, discretion of Judges, who, if uot are to be imagined as empowered always swayed by the dictates of of their own free will to decide justice, will, in condemning hastion cascs brought before them inly or inconsiderately, a prisoner, dependently of all precalentbe committing an act of the gross that justice is to be meted to a est tyranny, worthy of the dark subject before one Court of est ages, or of the savage Equity on principles deviatcivilised tribes. They will then ing from those which sway the be acting in diametrical opposi- administration of justice in antion to the dictates of equity, and other ?" If it should be so, will as a sequence, to those also of justice hold the scales with an un- Military law, thereby collaterally wavering and impartial hand, as and un- ·Military Law in India, "But I she is declared and expected to son at whom the Noble Earl ig exhibit them to her suitors? The charged to have shot upon the highest Court of Equity in Eng 12th of September was Mr. Harland is the House of Peers, and vey Garnett Phipps Tuckett" - in illustration of our subject, to "positive evidence must be given prove how precious in the eyes of by the prosecutor to prove the equitable judicature all precedents identity of the person mentioned should be viewed, we will cite in the indictment, as being the some passages from the trial of party agaiust whom the offence Lord Cardigan before the Court is ableged to have been commitof the Lord High Steward and ted."-"My Lords, this point has the House of Lords. The Earl been expressly decided in the case of Cardigan was tried on the of the King v. Robinson, in Holt's 16th February 1841, for felony, Reports, page 595, and it is laid in shooting, with intent to kill, down in all the books upon the one Harvey Garnett Phipps Tuc- point, that it is essentially neceskett. In the course of the trial it sary to prove the Christian and was necessary to establish a chain Surname of the party against of evidence, proving that the per whom the offence is alleged to 601 named in the indictincnt was have been committed.". the individual at whom Lord apprehend that this is not a case Cardigan fired; the link of the for an appeal to the honour or the chain which was deficicnt was to conscienccs of your Lordships. be supplied by the production be- The question is here, whether the fore the Court of a card which prosecutor has given any evidence was tendered by one of the par at all to prove an essential part of ties at the time of his arrest; the casc for the prosecution." on its being produced, there was The Attorney General, the preengraved upon it Captain Har sent Lord Campbell, finding that vey Tuckett, upon which Sir Wil he was gradually losing ground, liam Follett, the Counsel for endeavoured to shew that, cir. the prisoner, thus addressed the cumstantially, there could be no Court: doubt as to the identity of the “ Your Lordships will observe person named in the indictment ; that every count of the indictment that "no human being, who heard contains the names of 'Harvey, the evidence out of a Court of Garnett, Phipps, Tuckett.' Now Justice, would for one moment my Lords, I apprehend that it is, hesitate in drawing the inference, not necessary to cite any authority that what would be sufficient to at your Lordship's bar, to show that convince a reasonable man out the prosecutor is bound to prove of a Court of Justice, ought to the Chrtstian and Surname of the convince a person sitting as person against whom the offence Judge in a Court of Justice, if is alleged to have been committed, that from which the inference and that if he fails in proving is to be drawn is to be receiveither the Christian or the Sur ed according to the rules of name, he fails in the proof of his evidence." But these plausible I think your Lordships sophistries could not have any will see that there is no evidence weight against the rules of either whatever to prove, that the per- law or equity, Sir William Folà case.

·554 Military Law in India. lett went on to say: "Your Lord. litary law. It has been alleged ships are now sitting as if you by persons who do not incur any had never heard one word of this imputation for ignorance or parmatter before. You are now tiality, whose experience cntitles sitting as Judges to decide upon them to be heard with attention, the evidencc in the case. Your that "authough a Civil tribunal Lordships are to dismiss from would not attempt to convict a your minds cverything that you prisoner upon insufficient evihave heard or read in relation dence, yet a Court Martial being to it." “ The question is this, not a Court of Equity, is not so techwhat your Lordships know out nical ; that the Judges have often of this. House, nor what your other strong grounds for convict- Lordships may surmise or con ing the accused; that a man's jecture, but sitting as Judges in general character either upholds a criminal case, looking at the or condemns him in a crisis, espeevidence alone." The Lord cially if he has been suspected of Iligh Steward, in sumining up, similar malpractices before." But says-"Your Lordships were in we ask, is this Equity? We have formed that no person out of already seen that the highest doors could hesitate on the proof Court of Equity in the Commonnow given, to decide that the wealth acquitted a supposed criidentity is well made out. Per minal, because the train of eyimit me, my Lords, to say that dence was weak and unproved you are to decide for yourselves although, as they werc told no upon the proofs brought before reasonable person out of Court you,' and that nothing can be would have hesitated to surmise conceived more dangerous to the that he was guilty. So the Meminterests of justice, than for a bers of a Court Martial are bound, judicial body to indulge in any by the most sacred obligation, to speculations on what may pos ducide as to the guilt or innosjbly be said or thought by others cence of the prisoner, according who had not heard the same evi.. to the evidence before then; and dence, nor act with the same this, noreover, "without partialia responsibility, nor possibly confine ty, favour or affection :" if they do their attention to the evidence ac otherwise, they break through the tually adduced." Now it would appointed basis upon which Mibe but too easy to cite cases litary law is founded. Thus it is which have occurred in India, that we say that precedents are where persons have been found necessary to guide a Military guilty by Courts Martial, where Court, and to prevent any illegal, the cvidence was not sufficient to unjust and unwarrantable neglect carry a conviction. We are not, or abuse of the discretionary powhowever, desirous to rake up er placed in the hands of its names, or to record censure upon Members, when they assemble to the confirming authorities or their adjudicate upon the conduct and instruments of justice, but we are determine the future happiness anxious to point out and de or misery of their fellow soldiers. nounce any updue deviation from To those unaccustomed to search the established precedents of accurately into the causes of va- Courts of Equity under the Mi rious effects apparently unac- ·Military Law in India. 555. on countable in their nature; to those scious that they should retain any unwilling, from wilful idleness, knowledge of one fixed principle destructive to all mental improve to govern their duty and superin. ment, to analyse the roots of a tendence. And why? Because, if proposition involving in its cha even there is any recorded princiracter the welfare of & fellow. ple to guide thein, it is not judged creature ; to those whose minds, essentially necessary to the due either from feebleness or inher and impartial administration of ent innate unsoundness, are ea justice that they should pay it any sily biassed by evil report or deference. Do onr readers ima. by numbers, to yield their opi- gine that we are inisle.ding them? nion without a struggle for the If they do, we can assure them in sake of justice; to those who, from all sincerity, that they can judge vindictive malice, concealed or for themselves at any moinent by avowed, or from a deep-seated comparing the records of the man. irreconcileable hostility, thirst for agement and conduct of any late the professional ruin or death of General Court Martial of impora comrade: to all such, any in tance, with the syniem, laid down novations, however precious to by all the highest and most conthe Service at large, must, it is stitutional writers Military obvious, be a subject of trifling law. We have already stated, and importance; but the value of an reiterate the sentiment, that it adherence to an established record would be but too easy to enter of precedents would most mate into minutiæ, and explain by parrially counteract the evil donne ticular past illustrations the truth quences of their ignorance, in of our assertion ; but it would not difference, weakness of intellect, advance one scintilla, che furthermalice, prejudice, or hostility. ance of the object of our Essay, This may not be considered as which is after all but intended to looking at the brightest side of concentrate the reflections of those the picture, but if one nicmber in whoso power it may be to alter alone of the whole coinmunity can present rules which may be found be saved from the sentence of a faulty, and to frame others which Court influenced by the evil qua may be proved to be more conlities already detailed, the object sistent with the equitable adminfor which we have advocated the istration of justice. To satisfy, use of, and authorised reference nevertheless, the mind, that strict to, precedents, is såtisfactorily - adherence to an established rule complished. The whole of the of practice in Military Courts is argument and reasons we have Believed to be beneficial, the prebefore recounted may be also sent extract is quoted, which may employed in favour of one settled, be justifiably compared with the undeviating Code to regulate, daily general routine as followed what is commonly terined, the by the Officers to whom it especi- "rules of practice" of Military ally alludes. Courts. Day after day we are " In the performance of his witnesses to the delightful “ in duty the Judge Advocate will alsouciance" of the superintendents ways be guided by a just sense of of Courts Martial in this parti- his official character and situacular; they appear quite uncontion. As he has no judicial pow- VOL. II.NO. VII.

·556 Military Law in India. er nor any determinative voice, cious valuable advice apply itself either in the sentences or the in in accordance with the practice of terlocutory opinions of the Court, Judge Advocates in India ? Is it 80 he is not entitled to regulate not a matter of flagrant notoriety, or to dictate those sentences or of deep, ill-concealed indignation, opinions, or in any shape inter of uncontrollable but fruitless refere in the proceedings of the sentment against a system, that Court further than by giving his the usual conduct of Judge Adcounsel and advice. vocates is diametrically and most Although not enjoined by any unconcernedly, (on their part,) particular enactment of the Mi- opposed to these excellent exaltlitary law, yet it is the establish ed precepts for the guidance of ed practice that the Judge Ad their practice. Instead of the vocate should assist the prisoner upright, impartial judgment of in the conduct of liis defence, es the judicial superintendent of a pecially in those cases where the Court of Justice, is there never prisoner has not the power or the witnessed the biassed impetuous means of obtaining professional Advocate of vindictive retribu- Counsel to assist him; and when tion, rather than of merciful,cvenhe must stand greatly in need of handed justice ? In place of such advice, in trying circum- the calm, dignified composure stances, as are sufficient often to of the Government prosecutor, overwhelm the acutest intellect, who, confiding in the perfect and embarrass or suspend the knowledge le possesses of his powers of the most cultivated duties, cndeavours with a skilful, understanding." unprejudiced hand, to guide the In a Civil Court it is held that Court throughout the labyrinth of the Judge should be the Counsel conflicting evidence, to the disfor the prisoner. So also the Judge covery of the pure, unalloyed Advocate in Courts Martial shall truth; do we never behold the do justice to the cause of the lasty, undignified fretfulness of prisoner, by giving its due weight contemptible incapacity, urging to every circumstance or argu on the Court with ill-directed, misment in his favour, shall bring guided haste, to the conviction of the same fairly and completely the almost defenceless, helpless into the view of the Court; shall prisoner ; defenceless from the desuggest" the supplying of all ficiency of instructive aid, helpomissions in the body of exculpa- less from his own inexperience tory evidence; shall engross in the and total ignorance of the rules written proceedings all matters, and practice of Military law. either directly or indirectly, or Whether such scenes as these, by presumption tending to the such contrasts as we have here prisoner's defence; and, finally, depicted, do in reality occur, we shall not avail himself of any must leave our readers to judge advantage which his superior for themselves. But we ask, if knowledge or ability, or his in it shall be found, on enquiry, that fluence with the Court may give they do exist, are there any subhim, in enforcing the conviction stantial grounds for the applicarather than the a quittal of the tion of a remedy? If there are, person accused." Does this judi we would strongly recommend ·Military Law in India. 557 66 some fixed, acknowledged stand that the sad destructive effects of ard, by which Courts of Mili. the uncertainty, said at present tary law may be directed. Let to pervade Military judicature, there be an authorized published would be dissipated and averted. compilation of the proceedings of The prisoner would appear beall General Courts Martial, so that fore the judgment seat of his felone who runs may read;" that low soldiers, with a full confiding all may know what they are to dependence upon their knowledge expect, and that thus justice may and integrity; he would find in be meted out universally in pur the Judge Advocate the strict and suance of one established and re honorable "modcrator between corded code of precedents. Let the accused and the accustr;" the the rules of practice governing impartial, though zealous seeker of the duties of the mcınbers of the truth, the uuinstructive, unpre- Courts Martial and those of Judge judiced instrument of administra- Advocates be laid down and clear tive justice. The accused would ly defined by an authorised pub not be liable to undergo a punishlication; and if there is practised ment almost equal to capital, any deviation from such printed without a sufficient proof dependworks on these subjects, as maying on the evidence, by which the emanate from the Government Court had sworn to be guided, Press, let the prisoner have the and they themselves having cerbenefit of such illegality in his tain precedents, in most instances, trial, thus following the rules of placed before their view by the equity as inculcated by all the Judge Advocate, would have their best authors who have treated on minds and consciences liberated the principles of Equity and Mili from the unhappy, remorseful retary law. The expence of such flection, that they had convicted, works would be defrayed by the and perhaps by such conviction, purchasers. Their price would driven into eternal disgrace, and of course be determined by their ignominious dishonour, an innocost. It should also be believed cent brother; for having acted and and fulfilled that all Courts Mar- decided, according to established, tial should be amenable to the acknowledged precedents, they instruction and principles conwill be divested from the solemn tained in them. It would then responsibility of having done that “ be seen that the public confidence which, on reflection, they would in the justice of the decisions of' have undone ; that is, have de- Courts Martial would be based on çided contrary to equity and jusa sure, imperishable foundation ; tice.

·[ 558 ] THE ZENANA, NA. I. MORNING was on the City ; white mehal, And terrace whence the rushing peacock flew, And dome majestical, and minar tall, And gardens where the light mimosa grew, And steel-clad myriads mustering on the wall, And snowy heights against Heaven's vivid blue, All shone and sparkled, beautifully bright, As leapt into the sky the mighty Lord of light. Myriads through the glooiny gateway, myriads down the narrow street, Elephants with stately paces, camels with the spongy feet, Troops of horsemen, mobs of spearmen, each one crying now and then, (From the motto of their banner)" In the name of God, Amen!" And the pale trader buckles on the brand His child has sharpened, with its trembling hand, The women clustering, scared, within, to wait Alone, the crisis of impending fate; Alone they watch, for their defenders all March with the host, or stay to guard the wall. Hurry, O prince, thy horse below is neighing, Thy sacred standard in the wind flies free, Thy shouting hosts are for their leader staying, The battle waits but thee. High is his look and proud, But she, from the lattice frame, Looks on the glittering, restless crowd, And her cheek y.ows white at the surging loud, Of that sca of living fame. " Farewell, beloved,'' the Chieftain said, And laid his hands upou hier drooping head, • The arrogant loe is at iny very door, And must not find me lagging ; ere night falls, I will bring captive, humbled in my halls, This insolent oppressor of the poor. Watch thou the issue : he fon whom be peace), Who makes the madness of the mightiest cease, The Prophet be iny helper, and the LORD; Or if my sins o'erwhelm me, blest be their award." He pansed : a sadder look awhile he wore, And his eye flahed not proudly as before, But fell awhile n humid tenderness On her, whuse passionnte sobbing shook her frame, Yet told of resolution none the less, The thin lip's high-toned smile was still the same : 22 ·The Zenana. 559 Look once met look, hand once met clasping hand, Forth to the fight hc rides, girt by a kingly band. II. Poets long ago have told All the circumstance of war, All the blaze of steel and gold, All the banners seen afar, In its fullest tide it rolled On the dauntless Soobadar. Oh, the horrors of the battle, When the squadron's mingling spears, Cannon's roar, and musquet's rattle Sweetly sound in Azrael's ears, -But an hour is appointed to all, And thine is come to thee, On, on, to the place of thy fall, Die, as thou livedst, free. Death's Angel thousands smote that day, But found no nobler, less unwilling prey. An Eastern Army yields as soon As in the fight its leader falls, He died about the hour of noon, The next, the foe were on his walls. It must have been a sight to see, That host defiling through the streets, Drunk with the wine of victory, And bringing Death to all it meets. A band of fifty chosen men, Of valiant men who drew the sword, True to their training, even then, Accompany the victor-lord ; Onward they confidently go, To the dead man's Seraglio. There the leader, proyd and great, Entering, left them atøthe gate To announce to those within.,, What had been their change of fate ; On a couch disconsolate, That bereaved beauty sate, Motionless and desperate, Hearing what the fortune of the fight had been. Some hearts there are whom beauty pleases most, When clouded by this passionate distress ; Such was the General of the invading host, A yielding slave had wrought his senses less, ·560 The Zenana. She weeping, turns her eyes another way, • Ilin thou hast foully slain, his wife in mercy slay." “Ah, Houri, hide not thy sweet face, Thinkest the moon's inajestic beams. Would suffer any deep disgrace, If, through my lattice, their mild splendour streams ?" Still veiled, she gave him neither yea lor nay, But ever the same moaned prayer—" Slay me, O slay." Aye, lady, ', say you so ?" at length he cried, Incensed by passion, and a conqueror's pride, “ I waste no words on rebels; do you mark Where stands the sun ?" " No, all to me is dark, My sun is set for aye." « So be it; but when He sets to me, and other happy men Prepare to meet me with submission due, Such is my will, my will is law to you." “ Since it is thus," the widowed beauty said, And barcd her check of palpitating red- Nor marvel if this bitter path she chose, Such are the terms that barbarous laws iinposem “Since nought but this will satisfy my Lord, His slave accepts the grace his lips accord." And now she is alone once more, A settled pallor on that late flushed-cheek, And though her terror-stricken girls implore, She will not look at them, nor speak. Ah me! the hcart that longs to inourn, Will quickly force the frame to bow, Will learn to find itself forlorn, Till the tears spring beneath the aching brow. Weeping, she sate with vacant sense, Slumberer-like, in wakefulness intense ; At length, slow rising, with the same fixed view, Beckoned a faithful slave-girl, and withdrew. III. The day sped on, the heat decreased, The sun went swiftly down the sky, None but the dwellers in the East, Can know the gorgeous deeps that lie About the sunset, in that clime, Where twilight is a spectral time, And flits as soon as seen, Yielding to night, yet leaves a mark, Down on the corner of the dark, To shew where Day, before it sank, had been.

·The Zenana. 561 No tongue could tell, nor pencil paint, The purple, crimson, gold and red, Which, boldly bright, or sweetly faint, Like richly woven curtains, spread Their glory round the day-god's dying head. And night came on, ambrosial, calin, and cool, The tall trees shivered in the dewy moon, Stars shone, far down, in many a palm-grown pool, And lights from windows lay of the lagoon Which girded all the Palace; the high gate Was open to the conqueror's haughty trend, And by the draw-bridge bars no warder sate, Unchecked, unchallenged, on he sped; Wandering uncertain, till from far, A prelude sounded from a soft sitar, And as to guide him through the gathering shade, The voice of one who sang this serenade- “ Under the mouldering grades Where the dead men lie, Over the dark sky waves True Love can fly- Love can fly. As the moth to the light, To the blossom the bee, As the moon-flower to night, So my spirit to thee Aye to thee.” 21 The Victor's heart beat high, He did not dare to speak, Hope kindled his dilated eye And flushed his swarthy cheek. The air was thick with incenge, and the floor Rich with the woofs of Turkey and of Ind; And a pale girl beside the lofty dodt, As passionless as if she ne'er had sinned, Rose, touched her forehead, and went on before ; While onward as the following warrior goes, His soul imbibes the deep luxurious repose. The breezes on the Mere have gathered damp, And, stealing through the latticed marble, come, With shouts of revel from the neighbouring camp, And women's shrieks, drowned by the incessant drum, All vague and indistinct, like mutterings of the dumb.

·502 The Zenana. “ God! wot a woman's fealty ; fools indeed There are like him whom morn beheld my foe, Who know not that the present still succeed The loved of yesterday, and short-lived woe : I love her who is fairest, when I die, The next that comes, may do the same as I." Still voiceless solitudes the corridors, Still vacant all the gorgeous saloon, Light sank exhausted on the silent floors, And sickened in the farthest Anderoon, But dimly shewed a dim alcove, With heavy curtains draped around, Which long had known no other sound, Than whispered words of wedded love. There, from the billowy arch-points to the ground, Hung curtains, rich from China's freakish loom; The exulting Satrap halted, he had found The nest of love, bowered in its own sweet gloom. The wild-eyed girl bent forward ; “LO! The hour and place; speak not, my Lord, I go." Stretch but a hand to yonder throne, Lift but a drapery, Lord of the Earth! the victory indeed, thine own. Is now, What fixes then that glaring look ? What lifts that starting hair? His palsied grasp the hangings slook, As if a snake were there. Alas! no simulative toil of art Could paint the horrors of that sudden sight; The morning Star, the Beauty of the Light, The Joy of Life, the sympathetic Heart, The bride of Majesty, the Moon of night! Pale, livid, stark, each limb, Rigidly fixed each eye, Which beamed but yesternight on him, For whom she lived, for whom she dared to die. H. G. K. NOTE.-The story on which the above lines are founded will have long cre this suggested itself to the memory of the lover of Indian History. Khafy Khan relate that Adam Khan was sent in the beginning of Akbar's reign against Bay Bahadur, an adherent of the Afghan King, Shir Shah II. Bay Rabadur's wife, the heroine of the story, was a Hindoo, and a poetess of admitted celebrity. It will be remembered that the Hindoo women ouvell when they have determined to perform Suttee. It may be satisfactory to the ladice to hear that Adam Khan-the "conquering hero" of the above lines-was shortly after thrown beadloog from a tower by order of the Emperor, for stabbing the Vizier at his prayers.Vide ELPAIN. ATONE.Vol 11., pp. 986.-7.

·[ 583 ) HISTORY OF THE LEAGUE. CHAPTER II. Articles of the League.-Plun of Nicolas David. nese. So far back as the year 1563, sonal appearance at once riveted the Cardinal of Lorraine had sug the pttention of the vulgar. To gested to the Council of Trent a the soldier he was endeared by similar scheme for the extirpation his reckless valour, his pattence of heresy, and had proposed that of fatigue and privation, his marhis brother, the great Duke of vellous address in all martial ex- Guise, whose reputation had been ercises, and his constant cheerfulwidely spread ly his recent vic- The softer sex, whose intory at Dieux, should be placed fluence on the fortunes of manat its head. But the assassination kind none can deny, loved him of that goblenan during the for his manly beauty softened by siege of Orleans caused the pro. the inost winning smile and the ject to be abandoned for the tiine. most delicale complexion; for At a later period, when in 1573, his gentle and engaging manners, the discontent of a large portion elevated by a certain vatural of the Catholic community tend grace and dignity; for his plaucd to strengthen the cause of the sibility and apparent frankness, Protestants, the Cardinal fancied which served to conceal the most a favorable opportanity had ar- profound dissimulation ; for lis rived for the advancement of his generous and magnanimous disnephew Henry of Guise, whose position, and perhaps a little for ambition equalled, while his pa his very ſickleness and fantastic triotism fell far short of that of capriciousness. And yet, though his father. The death of the idolized by his numerous mis- Cardinal in 1574 again retarded tresscs, he never permitted any the development of the scheme, one of them to exercise the slightbut the outlines had been well est influence over his conduct, but considered and understood by the scemed to look upon them mereyoung Duke, who availing himself ly as the pastime of a leisure hour of the general dissatisfaction of or as instruments to acquire the the Catholics at the peace late secrets of others. But he had granted to the Huguenots, pre- also higher qualities than these, pared to take a prominent part in which imposed on all alike, and the struggle that was evidently marked him as une born to comabout to recommence between the mand. On the other hand, his rival factions. Perhaps few men faults were many and grave. He have ever been better qualified was arbitious for selfish objects, for the part he was now called and scrupled not to make the upon to fill. In the thirtieth most holy interests, the most sayear of his age, of a lofty and cred duties, sabservient to his heroic stature, and possessed of private schemes for personal aygreat muscular power, his per grandizement, Ifis confidence VOL. 11.- NO. VII. 1 ·re. 564 History of the League. in his own gènics and fortane of- topher de Thoa thwarted the tentimes amounted to presump- designs of Guise's emissaries in tion, and made him lose for the Paris, and few of the respectable moment his habitual coolness and burgossos, ventured to affix their self-possession, so that the fruits signatures to a 'paper veiled in of much toil, perseverance, and more mystery than truth deceit escaped his grasp when quires, though it demanded their their attainment seemed most implicit obedience to a leader Dertain. But his character on hereafter to be chosen for the the whole formed a perfect con- specious purpose of oxtirpating trast to that of the King, and his heresy, and of maintaining the very failings appeared as virtues civil rights of the people as they when compared with those of his existed under Clovis. With the Bovereign. On Henry's accession vulgar and the 'weak, indeed, to the throne, he had exhibited a this very air of mystery sufficed feeling of predilection for the so to engage them heart and soul ciety of Guise, but the compa in a cause, of which they could nions of his degrading pleasures form no clear conception. But and puerile pursuits instilled into it might have proved impossible his suspicious mind an early jea- for Guise to have effected his lousy of one endowed with such ohject, at least at this period, had higlı abilities, and who shamed it not been for the timely aid and him by his superiority. The co-operation of James de Humi. contempt that a man of Guise's ères, governor of Peronne, and temperament could hardly fail to the most influential man in Pi. entertain for the inbecile frivoli- cardy. This gentleman had on ty of the monarch, was soon con :a former occasion, been harshly, verted into active hatred by the perhaps unfuirly, treated by the slights he daily received, not from Montmorency family with regard the King indeed, but from his to an iviportant law-suit he was minions, and for which he could then prosecuting, while the great. obtain no redress. It was there Duke of Guise had uniformly fore perhaps only natural that he befriended him, and even caused should embrace the present ophim to be enrolled among the portunity of avenging his unme knights of St. Michael, at the farited disgrace, and of achieving mous chapter of that order held for himself a rank and name for by Francis II. in 1560.* which he was 80 well calculated by bis abilities, his disposition, and He now felt himself further the circumstances of the times. aggrieved by Condé's attempts to dispossess him of the government In the preceding year an as of Peroune, and accordingly lent sociation, somewhat resembling a willing ear to the suggestions that proposed by the late (ardi. and schemes of the son of bis late nal, had been formed in Poitou benefactor. Giving out that Conby Count Lude, but the active dé purposed to enforce the univigilance of the President Chris versal profession of Calvinism as * Thla order become so prostituted by the Quises that it was contemptuously termed the "collier à louter biter." JE WAS, Subweguently replaced lu e great measure by the order of the Saint Esprit, Instituted by Henry III, 14 1679.

·History of the League. of Boon as he became manter af P1 ou persona cardy, he easily excited the foots, in which we have alread dignation of the peasantry, and héretofore experienced such grier of the almost equally ignorant and quæ injury and loss. We bigotted nobles. A meeting W8 esteemied it most necessary. accordingly held at Peronne, and proper to render first of all nearly two hundred gentlemen honour due unto God And lint signed a document to the follow maintenance of our "Catholie ral ing effect:- gion, and likewise to prove our " Association formed by the selyes more devoted to its prefera ratlon than are the backsliders "Princes, Lords, Gentlemen and from the true faith to the ad others, as well of the Ecclesias. tical order as of the Nobility opinion. And to this effect we: vancement of a new and falan and the Third Estate, subjects do swear and promise to emplos and inhabitants of the Land of ourselves with all our power to Picardy. restore and maintain the exercise "In the name of the Holy of our said Catholic, Apostolical Trinity and of the Communion and Roman religion in which we of the precious body of Jesus and our forefathers have been Christ, we have promised and brought up, and in 'which it is sworn on the Holy Gospel and 'our intention to live and die, by our lives and honour and worldly goods to pursuo and guard And we do likewise swear and inviolately the articles here agreed promise all obedience, honour, upon and subscribed by us, on and most humble service to King pain of being for ever declared Henry, at present reigning over perjured and infamous, and deem us, whom God hath given to un ed unworthy of all nobility and for our sovereign, king and lord, honour. First, considering the rightfully called by the law of the well known intrigues and conspi- realm to the succession of his racies formed contrary to the ho predecessors; and after him to nour of God, the Holy Catholic all the posterity of the bouse of Church, and against the State and Valois, and to all others, who Monarchy of this realm of France, ter those of the said house as well by some of the subjects Valois, shall be called to the crown of the same as by foreigners, and by the law of the realm. And by that the long and continual civil the obedience and sepvice that we wars and dissensions have po are bound by every title to remuch weakened our kings and der unto our said King Henry a reduced thern to such necessity present reigning, we do agata that it is no longer possible for promise to employ our lives and them of themselves to sustain the means for the preservation of his outlay, suitable and expedient for authority and for the execution the preservation of our religion, of all orders that shall be given or to maintain us henceforth uh- unto us by himself, by wie Lied der their protection in sepurity tenants General, op by other * This ta not precisely the forma ingt, was signed an this occanion, but the one that was no copted by the states of Blois. As there was no very material diferenca, 7 have piutered to give the forma tant a recognised the Creed of the Learners + ·566 History of the League. duly authorized by him, as well our said sovereign lord, by his for maintaining the exclusive ex. Lieutenants General, or by others ercise of the Catholic, Aposto. duly authorized and empowered lical, and Roman religion, as for by him, as well for the protection reducing to reason and implicit of our own province as to march obedience his rebel subjects, with elsewhere, if need be, for the out recognizing any one whom- preservation of our said religion soever but him and those by hima and the service of his said Macommissioned unto us. And in- jesty. Without however it being asmuch as, owing to the bepe allowed or permitted for the genficence and prudence of our said tlemen to take part or office un.. king and sovereign lord, it hath der other banners than that of pleased him to confer so grcat a the chief, or of the district to boon on all the subjects of his which they shall belong unless realm as to convoke them to a with permission and leave of the general assembly of all orders king or of his Lieutenant, or of and estates of the same, to hear the chief elected by the said Asthe complaints and grievances of sociation, to wit M. de Humières, his said subjects, and to effect a unto whom we do promise to renholy and sound reformation of der all honour and obedience. the abuses and digorders, which To whose council shall be sumhave long time prevailed in the moned and invited six of the prinsaid realm, in the hope that God cipal gentlemen of the province will vouchsafe unto us some not and others of suitable quality and able resolution from so great and approved fidelity, in order, with worthy an assembly :-we do their co-operation, to provide for promise and swear to employ our the accomplishment of the abovemeans and lives for the entire named objects, at the expences, execution of the decision formed charges, and costs expedient and by the said States, namely, in necessary for such purpose in whatever, shall concern the main proportion to the means and aptenance of our Catholic, Aposto- pliances of the said district. In lical, and Roman religion, the the name of which district we do vindication of the power and pre offer for this purpose to the numrogatives of the king, and the ber of four Cornettes of horse, welfare and repose of our counwell armed and mounted, togetry, the whole notwithstanding ther with eleven Ensigns of foot without prejudice to our ancient as well for the protection of the rights and privileges, which we sad province as for foreign serdo understand to be always fully vice, when need shall be, withand entirely upheld and safe out, however, anyway including guarded. And moreover for the the companies of ordinance, above object, all we the under- geeing that they are obliged to signed do promise to hold our act elsewhere ; and likewise for selves ready, well armed, mount each company whether of horse ed, and attended according to our or foot, three gentlemen of the quality, to executejat a moment's country of experience and valour potice, so soon as we shall re shall proposed to the King's ceive our instructions, whatever Lieutenant, or to the officer duly shall be commanded us by the king, empowered by his Majesty, to ·And if any History of the League. 567 choose and elect one from among bilities, and particalarly to learn them. on the spot whatever shall pera. "And because such lavies 'can tain to this object and need, and not be made without great charges afterwards to make their report, and costs, and because it is most and instruct those who shall be just for such a desirable and ne- charged with this duty by the cessary object to employ all the King's Governor or Liqutenant means that each may possess, in this province, or by other,' by there shall be levied and collected him empowered. in the district the amount BO one of the said Catholics of the required and judged expedient, said province, after being invited by decree of the King's Lieute to enter the present association, nant or by other duly empowered shall make any difficulty about it, by His Majesty, who shall there or 'use delay, inasmuch as it is after be supplicated graciously to only for the honour of God, the authorize and sanction the same, king's service, and the welfare seeing that it is for so holy and and repose of the Kingdom, express an occasion as for the sersuch an one shall be esteemed vice of God and His Majesty :'in throughout the country an enewhich imposition of taxes shall my of God and apostate from nevertheless in no sort be included his religion, rebel and traitor the nobility, inasmuch as they to his King, and betrayer of will render personal service, or at his native land, and with the least will furnish men, horses and common accord and agreement of arms, according as shall be com all men of worth shall be abanmanded unto thein by ief of doned of all, forsaken, and exposthe League, or by others by him. ed to every insult and oppression deputed. And for the more easy that may happen to him, withcollection of the said imports out his ever being receivable there shall in each Bailewick or into the company, friendship, and Seneschalship of the said district alliance of the said associates and be deputed one or two gentlemen confederates, who have all vowed or others of substance and requi- mutual friendship and good undersite fidelity, to ascertain the capa- standing towards each other, for The colours of the Cavalry were depominsted Cornettes. This designation was also applied by Charles to the Royal Standard, wnich must not however be confuunded with the Oriflamme, for that was never used after the year 1405, wheq Louis XI, hore it against the Burgundians. Charles IX. added the epithet Blanche, and removed the fisura.de dis, so that it was of pure white without any design or device. Those who served more in mediately under the Cornette Blanche wert mostly gentlemen volunteers. With regard to the Compagnies d'ordonoance, they were tatroduced by Charles VII., who reduced to fifteen companies the bands of vagabond soldiery that inrested the kingdom. Each company cinslet ed of one hundred gens-d'armes under a Captain, a Lieutenant, a guidan or standard bearer, and an Ensign. Each lanæ fournie, or garnit, was attended by threo archers, a page, and á com dilller, so diled from the long couteau, or kalfe, that formed his only weapon. These attenda, antk were originally of gentle blood, and were all mounted, thong the reas-d'armes were naturally the heaviest part of the corps. . Sometimes as many as a hundred volunteer would ; Join a company commairded by a popular leader, Even after the reign of Francis 1., when the days of chivalry were nearly over, many highly respectable families sent their younge dons to serve in the Compagnies d'ordonnance. The archers however were replaced by Light Cavalry or Carbineers. The pay of a lance fournia was thirty'france a month, but it must be borde in mind that noder Francis I., a sheep without its skin and fat might be parching and for dve sous. All the members of a corps wore a casaque or surcoat of the Captain's litery, and emblazoned with his arms, but loul Xlll. preferred the simple cairas as more dazzling to the eyes of the apeny, La None mentions that in a company of Atty funces there would be 3:10 kursemen, of whom at least 00 were gentlemen. In the time of Hensy IV., the compa. mies of Princes ar Governors al Prorincos usaally consisted of 390 horse ·668 History of the League the maintenance of their religion, contrary to the honour of God, the service of the king, and the the king'a service, and the wel. preservation of their country, their fare and repose of his subjects, persons, their properties and fanri. we da promise to guard them lies. Moreover we do promise to without their being any way mokeep each other, under the obedi- lested in their consciences or trouence and authority of his Majesty, bled in their persons, property, in all security and repose, and honours, and families, provided to protect and defend each other that they in no way contravene from all oppression ;. and if there whatever shall be decreed by his should arise any difference or quar- Majesty after the conclusion of the relamong us, the same shall be com States General, or any article posed by the King's Lieutenant whatsoever of the said Catholic General or those by him appoint- religion. ed, who shall cause to be execut "And seeing that this cause ed with the good will and plea- ought to be shared indifferently sure of his Majesty, whaterer by all persons who profess to live shall be adjudged right and reason in the Catholic religion, we the able for our reconciliation. And undersigned, do admit and receive if it shall be deemed for the king's into the present union all persons service, the welfare and tranquil. placed in authority and post of lity of the said province, and for judicature and of justice, all corpothe attainment of our object, that rations and communities of towns it be needful to correspond with and generally all others of the the neighbouring provinces, we do Third Estate living in the Cathopromise to succour and aid them lic faith, as above said, promising with all our power and means, In like manner to maintain, preaccording as it shall be regulated serve, and guard them from all by the said King's Licutenant, or violence and oppression, whether other having his Majesty's autho in person or property, cach in his rity so to do. several condition and calling. We 6 And we do likewise promise have promised and sworn to keep to use all our power and means to the above-named articles, and to preserve and guard the ecclesias observe them in every point, withtical order from all injustice and out ever contravening them, and oppression. And if by overt without having respect unto any violence or otherwise any one friendship, relationship, or alli. shall attempt to do them injury ance, that we may have towards whether in their persons or in agy one whomsoever, of whatever their property, to oppose ourselves quality or religion he may be, to such, and to protect them from who might be disposed to act stich wrong, seeing that we are against the King's commands and 'united and associated with them ordinances, and the welfare and for the defence and preservation repose of this realm, and in like of the honour of God, and of our manner to keep secret the present religion. Also because it is not association, without any way comour intention in any sort to harass municating it or making it known those of the new opinion who to any person whomsoever, exshall be disposed to remain tran cept to those who shall belong quil without attempting anything to the present association : and ·15 History of the League. this we will again awear, and generally understood by the info: confirma on our conscience and clated that the Duke of Guide honour, and under the penalties' was the astual Chief abovementioned : the whole un. League, though Humières might der the king's authority, renouno' preside over its movements in ing all other associatione, if any Picardy, as did De Vins in Pro heretofore have been formed." vence, and La Tremouille in To this document were append. Poitou. . Nor was the king ignow ed 197 signatures, mostly of per rant of the machinations con sons of considerable local influ- triting against him, and which ence, and headed by the name tended to reduce the royal power of the governor of Peronne, J. de to an unmeaning pageant, for Humières, the nominal head of both Navarre and Condé had the League of Picardy. apprized him of what was pass- It is impossible not to be struck ing around them. But more exwith the subtlety with which this plicit information on the subject declaration was drawn up. Pro was furnished by his ambassador fessing the utmost reverence for at the Court of Madrid, who the king and for all placed in sent him a copy of some most authority under him, it neverthe important papers that fully disless binds the members of the closed the object of this secret association to implicit obedience association, and the means by to a chief to be elected by them which it was proposed to be atselves, and therefore not necestained. Barily the king. It further en Ono Nicolas David, a lawyer croaches on the royal prerogative of no repute, whose bigotry had in levying troops and imposing been inllamed by a private distaxes for the noininal purpose of pute with some Huguenots, about establishing the exclusive exercise this tiine undertook a journey to of the Roman Catholic Religion, Rome, to induce Pope Gregory at the same time that it engages XIII. to bestow his sanction on the confederates not to molest a scheine engendered by fanatithose of the new opinion who cism and revenge, or perhaps might be disposed to live tran suggested by some of the artful quilly in their respective homes. emissaries of Guise. On the While protesting an inviolable journey he died whether from respect for the laws of the realm, natural or accidental causes does it supersedes the action of those not clearly appear, nor is it of laws by pledging the associates much moment-and in his portto mutual protection and defence. manteau were found the papers Finally, it demands the cloak of he had foolishly prepared beforesecrecy for its motives will not hand. These were laid before bear the searching light of truth- Philip II., and a copy of them ful criticism ; for if the Protos. fell into the hands of the French tants were not to be disturbed, Ambassador-by what means :: what was the object of the League ; diplomatists best may tell. Their and if the King or his represen- purport may be briefly stated. tative were to guide their opera. The papal benedictions it was ustions, what need was there for scrted, which Stephen II. consecrecy? But it was well and ferred on the race of Charlemagne, ·1 म 370 History of the League could not have extended to the and zealous Cathotics. Export. usurper Hugh Capet. Conse. enced Captains will secretly raise quently the Lorraine Princes, the trustworthy soldiers, who shall true descendants of that Emperor, swear to execute whatever is were the rightful heirs to the commanded them. The Duke of Crown, and would certainly obtain Anjou, the King of Navarre, the the blessing of Heaven and the ac Prince of Condé, and the leaders tive co-operation of all good Ca- and supporters of the heretics tholica in recovering those rights shall be artfully induced to attend which would enable them to con the meeting of the States, while teract the mischievous tendencies to avert suspicion the Duke of of the late impious peace, Ever Guise shall prudently remain absince the usurpation of the foun. sent. If any one oppose the reder of the present line of Mo solutions of the States he shall narchs, the curse of God had be declared, if a prince of the hung like a cloud over the coun blood, to have forfeited all aiin try. The sovereigns had been to the succession ; if of inferior idiots, or at least weak in intel rank, he shall be guilty of death. lect and equally feeble in bodily One universal profession of faith frame. Civil wars and heresies shall then be pronounced. The had exhausted the resources and Council of Trent shall be provital strength of the Kingdom. claimed throughout the Kingdom The late Edict of Pacification in its entire and unrestricted acwould further serve to undermine ceptation. Franee shall be placed the groundwork of the true reli. under the direct protection and .gion, unless all good Catholics guidance of the sovereign Pontiff, united to uphold their tottering and all edicts in favor of heresy Church, and repress the audacity shall be utterly revoked. A brief of the Sectarians. Let not the delay shall be allowed the Calking fear to render himself un vinists for their conversion, at the popular' by violating an unholy expiration of which the Duke treaty. The Duke of Guise shall take the command of the will take upon himself the entire forces, for these in the meantime odium, or the entire glory. Let have gradually closed around all swear to receive him as their Blois, hemming in the disturbers leader. Let the priests form a of the peace as in a netand at List of all their parishioners, who their head he shall carry off are able to bear arms. Let them Monsieur, and put him on his in the confessionals (!) give their tral as an abettor of heresy. instructions to the faithful as they He shall then lay waste the open shall have received them from country, invest the fortified towns, their superiors, and as these again exterminate the heretics, and fina shall have been directed by the ally, with the Pope's consent and Duke of Guise, The Protestants the congratulations of all good shall not be disappointed of the men, confine the king in a mo- States they have so clamorously nastery as Pepin did to Childeric, demanded. But Blois is an open and ascend the throne to the glotown, and the chief will besides ry of the Catholic religion and the have taken care that the Deputies honour and welfare of the realm. should represent alone the good It is not probable however that ·History of the League. at this early period the Duke of emanated from the beated brain, Guise had raised his thoughts 80 of a furious bigot. But the than. high as to aim at the Crown, And derstorm is oft-times foreshown by it is more reasonable to conclude a little cloud no bigger than that these wild projects really man's hand. CHAPTER III. Henry III. and his Mignons. The States of Blais.--The. Siçik Civil War. The King's Peace.Deaths of Quelus, Mangison, and St. Mégrin.-- Creatinn of a new Order of Knighthond, that of the Holy Ghost. The Seventh Civil War, commonly called The Lover's War. Anjou': Expedition into Flanders.His Finul Discomfiture. WALS WHILE the minds of men were ed as little as for the past. Imthus agitated, while mistaken zeal mersed in pleasure, he paid no for religion on the part of the regard to affairs of State hot glad ignorant multitude, and the selfish ly resigned the anxieties and ambition of the Lorraine princes, responsibilities of royalty to the were conjuring up a storm that Queen-mother, while he threatened to involve the entire content to revel in the excesses kingdom in frightful confusion that, inis directed power placed while the nobles from a patural within his reach. His favorites love of war, the soldiery from ha and boon companions wero young bits of lawlessness and rapine, the nobles of no reputation, on whom clergy from mingled motives of he lavished the treasures and most superstition and worldliness, and important offices of the realm. At those turbulent spirits who in this period those highest in favor times of peace become vulyar cri were Quelus, Mangison, St. Méminals or gross debauchees, but grin, D'Arques, and La Valette, in scenes of anarchy rise to tern who owed their introduction to porary though unenviable emi. René de Villiquier, a man, even nence; while these discordant in at that cpoch of universal corrupgredients combiued to form a co tion and depravity, distinguished herent mass of opposition and for his crimes. offence, destined wellinigh to wrest Dressed in female apparel, the sceptre from the feeble grasp these wretched individuals seem of the last of the line of Valois, pited to revive the worst scenes of may be interesting to inquire the Roman Empire, when to obwhat was the conduct of the mo tain favor at Court it sufliced to narch himself.' He saw, but he renounce the attributes of manheeded hot, the approaching barlood. The unmanly practice of ricane, The enjoyment of the kissing on the mouth was now fleeting hour alone occupied his introdnced from Italy., and the thoughts. For the future he car courtiers assumed the foibles and la Sept. 1877 Volquier martiered his wife and oasaf her female attendants with hts own band, under the infuence of Jealousy. This crime was committed in the Castle of Poitiers, while the king wis guder the same roof. He readily obtalaed his pardon, however. and people said that Henry but little regretted a dood that avenged him of tha" coldnear with Which the deceased lady had met ble owo puilty overtures. VOL. 11. NO. VII. 14 ·572 History of the League. weaknesses of women without imi representations of the Italian tating their virtues. The epi- comedians, designated 1 Gelosi, thet of Mignons applied to these who were forbidden by the Pare favorites intimated the disgust. liament to perform in public. entertained by the public for their Nevertheless, the King allowed effeminate and disgraceful prac. them the use of the Hôtel de tices, while the King himself Bourbon, and they are said to Beemed only desirous to surpass huve drawn together as large an them in vice and imbecility, audience as any four preachers of He also would adorn hinsel in the day combined, though they female attire, and appear with his deinanded four souls a head for neck , exposed and encircled ac admittance. Another source of cording to the fashion of the times amusement was in the feats of with the triple collar-two up horsemanship exhibited by an right and one thrown back-and Italian who had been eight years set off with a Recklace of pearls. a prisoner among the Moors. His hands, which were remarkably This monntebank enclosed a piece small and beautiful, were usually of ground on which he daily iiniprotected from the rude touch of tated the address and suppleness the atmosphere, by gloves of of an Arab horseman, and so a peculiarly soft skin, while a highly was his talent appreciated mask guarded the delicacy of his that five sous were readily given complexion, carefully heightened to buhold a single performance. morcover by, the constant applica. But on a widely different scale tion of a cosmetic paste. One of expenditure were the Court of his chief pastimes was to drive entertainments, some of which about the streets of Paris with cost as much as one hundred his Qucen in search of the most thousand francs, a vast suin in beautiful and diminutive dogs, those days, when money was worth which he would take by violence at least five times its present value. even from the convents, and thus On one occasion the Queen-moextinguish the last faint lingering ther gave a splendid banquet, the spark of natural fecling the poor attendants at which were ladies recluses yet dared to cherish--the of birth and beauty, attired in a only tie that linked them to a masculino uniform of green silk, world of which they could no and similar absurdities characterlonger be said to form a part. The ised the most attractive enter- Grammar would at other times, tainments of the nobility. The engage the monarch's attention finds to cover this reckless extrauntil it was diverted to the care vagance were not unfrequently of his menagerie, on which, not raised by way of a loan from the withstanding his own poverty and wealthiest courtiers and placethe financial distress of the coun mon, who were usually repaid by try, he scrupled not to expend the gift of soupe honorable charge, one hundred thousand crowns a or lucrative sineoure. At times, year. For a season the Court indeed, the scene would change, focked to witness the obscene though the actors remained the The following distanta terminaled, & quatrain that was at thia time frequently quoted : Dedicare cupit, vere deuilbat et ille, Rex vis qui fuerat, at modo gratamaticus. Y" ·same. was History of the League. Remorse would seite the note the advastages they had vacillating mind of the royal de gained by the Treaty of Monsieur. bauchee, and, as usually happens While the Haguenots, on their in such cases, the enervated li- part, fondly trusted that as the bertine rushed to the opposite States of Pontoise, fifteen years. extreme and became a tranbling before, had exhibited a disposta devotee. Bare-headed, and with tion to treat their demands within foet unshod, he would traverse justice and equity, so they would the streets of his capital, devouto experience equal favor with the ly telling his beads and muttering depéties about to be assembled at bis Paternosters. Having thus Blois. But the relative positions stifled for a while the still small of the rival factions had materivoice of conscience he would re ally changed since that period. turn to his palace and resume his The best and bravest of the Pro.. woman's garb, or pass whole hours testant nobility had fallen in in teaching his birds to speak, in battle, or by the hand of the assporting on equal terms with his sassin and the persecutor. Others. apes, in fondling his puppies, and had grown lukewarm in a cause making his cats to pur. Such that required so much and such the representative of a constant self-denial ; while throir princely line of monarchs, such leaders were two inexperionced the sovereign lord of the finest youths, of whom the eldest had kingdom of the world. And yet barely completed his twenty-fourth it was not always so. Though year. The Roman Catholic the slough of the serpent pre- Clergy, besides, was no longer in dominated, the glory of the fall a position to excite, by their overen spirit would occasionally shine. grown wealth, the cupidity or the forth bright and clear, and the jealousy of the laity, for they too last of the Valvis proved himself had grievously suffered by the worthy of his "royal ancestry. wars that had so long ravaged the Such he will appear on more oc Kingdom. But the greatest barcasions than one, though the rier to the hopes of the Huguenots bright glimpse of better things was the energy of the Duke of too soon fades away, and unwhole Guise, and the indefatigable zeal some vapours again obscure the of his partisans, wlio spared nei. promise of light and gladness, ther promises nor money to se- Such for instance, did he show cure to his interests a vast majohimself in his opening speech of ority of the deputies. the States summoned to meet ut At length, on the 6th of De- Blois, but the transitory display 'cember, the States General' asof energy only tended to enhance sembled in the great hall of the the succgeding prostration. castle of Blois. They consisted All parties looked forward with . of 326 members : the Clergy behopeful anticipations to the ap- ing represented by 104 Deputies, proaching assembly of the States. the Nobility by 72, and the Com- The King vaguely imagined that mons, or Third Estate, by 150. something would be devised for They were opened by the King restoring peace to his distracted in person, who delivered e speech realm, and perhaps he secretly remarkable for its dignity, moderhoped to recover from the Hagus ation, and good sense. He began - ·874 History of the League. by lamenting the decreasing resa paratively easy for the partisans of pect for the royal authority, the Guise and the League. The Duke lack of true patriotism, and the himself was unable to attend in unhappy dissensions that divided person, but his cause found powhis subjects and turned their woa. erful advocates in his brother pons against each other. He the dyke of Mayenne, Peter then expressed his conviction that D'Iapinac, Archbishop of Lyons, violent measures would nover the Baron do Neneccy, and other prove successful, for the cffusion persons of cminence, while the of blood only weakened Croth absence of Navarre, Conde, and parties and embittered the sliile. even of Marshal Damville, left Gentle means alone' would ever the course opon for their mancu.. restore peace, justice, and reli vrings. Their first act was to gion, and to this he particularly elect an orator, or President of directed the serious consideration each order. The Archbishop of of the States. The King's views The King's views Lyons was chusen by the Clergy, were further developed by the the Baron de Seneecy by the No- Chancellor Birague in a long bles, and Peter Versois, a staunch harangue, after which the thres Leaguer, by the Third Estate. orders separately thanked his Conscious of their own power the Majesty for his fatherly love to States commenced by ussciting his subjects, and promised their that if the three orders were cordial co operation to bring his agreed on any point, the King's good wishes to a happy fruition. sanction was no longer necessary, They then retired to the hally as and they then petitioned his Masigned for their respective deli- jesty to appoint a Council subberations ; but, as their object ject to the approbation of the was not so much to discuss the States, who shall also nominate questions that might be submit- twelve deputies, and that this joint ted to them, as carry out the buard should decido definitively, instructions of their constituents; without further appeal to the they resolved to vote not by orders, King on all such matters as the but by governments. France was three orders might not unani. divided into twelve governments, mously determine. Henry pru. and they agreed that each should dently evaded their request, and count as one vole, and should rccominended them to apply elect three deputies to assist in themselves at once to the settlereporting the result of the deli. mont of the affairs of religion. berations of the States. The On this some of the more bigot- Clergy, from their greater erudi- ted Clergy attempted to carry the tion, their more practical know- public promulgation of the Counledge of business, and their greater cil of I'rent, but the nobility and unanimity, consequently obtained Teirs-Etat were opposed to this an immenso influenco, and their mcasure, and the majority even Buggestious principally guided of the acclesiastical order strenuthe conduet of the Assembly, ously upheld the liberties of the None of the higher order of the Gallican Church. They there- Nobles or even of the Commons fore directed their prited attenhad chosen to be present, and tion to the question of all-prethus the path was rendered com. Yailing interest, whether or not ·History of the League. 875 there should be allowed to exist the consistency of this champion more than one form of religious of the rights of conscience, who worship in France. On this would thus have scrupled not to point the three orders were una deny to others what bo claimed nimour, and it was agreed to for himself! Condó and Dampetition the King to reglorc the ville were less courteous, or more holy Catholic Church to its origi- decided in their opinions. They nal unity, to prohibit every other both refused to recognise the forin of religion, and to revoke all validity of the Slates as at pre. edicts hitherto accorded in favor per constituted, and demandof heretics. Among the memed the convocation of a new asbers of the Third ICstate bow- sembly, comprising men pf both ever, was man of practical religious professions, together good sense and strong moral cour with entire freedom of discussion. Age. John Bodin, deputy from The Marshal added, however, an the Vermandois, he ated not to assurance of his orthodox attachoppone a vote likely to renew all ment to the Catholic faith, but the horrors of Civil war, which required for the Protestants an he eloquently and pathetically do- exemption from all molostation. plored, at the same time show The deputies returned to Blois ing that the greatest suficiers carly in February, and the Duko were the Commons, who were of Guise arrived about the samo always called upon to defray the time. The failure of their encharges of laying waste their deavors to effect a reconciliation own property. An amendment filled all parties with indignation, was therefore added, to the effect and it was resolved to declare that mild and gentle measures for war against the hcretice, though the suppression of lieresy be tilst it was duerned advisable to send of all adopted. This petition was another mission to the King of presented to the King on the 20th Navarre, whos. fixity of purpose of December, and in accordance seemed very questionable. The with the spirit of the clause in Duke of Montpensier and Armand sei ted by the Ticrs-Etal, le nu de Biron were chosen for this minated three deputies to wait purpose, and it is said that the upon each of the three chiefs of latter was secretly charged by the confederates, in order to ef the Queen-mother to allure Na. fect their voluntary conversion. varre to Court, with the hope that The Envoys found the King of his sister Catherine should be Navarre at Agen, and were re united to the Duke of Anjou. ceived by him with the utmost The arrival of the Duke of cordiality and respect. In reply Ġuise compelled llenry to take to the carnost exhortations of a decisive step towards either the Archbishop of Vienne, he peace or war. President de Thou declared his anxious desire to urged him to exercise a little pabring about a permaneut peace, tience, to put down with vigor and even expressed his willing all seditious meetings and unlawness to be converted by argu ful associations, and to allow the ment, in which case he would be heat of party feeling to pass away the first to draw the sword for the and the heresy to drop into obextirpation of heresy. Such was livion. But this wise and digni- - ·570 History of the League, fied course required a more con same Bodin who had previously tinued display of energy than counselled moderation, resolutely belonged to the character of the refused to impose any new taxes, King. Besides which, the Qucen or even to raise a loan, or permit mother, to whose opinion he the alienation of any part of the paid the utmost deference, had royal domains. They went yet become jealous and alarmed at farther, and called upon the King the all-engrossing popularity of to suppress the reformed religion, Guise, and therefore recommend but " without war." This resoed her son to baffle the designs lution was accordingly submitted of his ambitious subject by em to the Privy Council, and much ploying his own weapons against difference of opinion prevailed; himself. Many of his counsellors but it was now too late to delialso insisted that he was no bound berate, for the liuguenots had al. to keepf aith with heretics, and ready taken up arms in their selfthat the Council of Constance defence. On the 2nd of March had declared that there is only the deputies were dismissed, but one true God and one true form not before they had einbrojled of religious worship, no peace the Kingdom in the sixth Civil would ever be durable or receive war of religion. the blessing of tIcaven until he. While the States were yet sitresy and herctics were together ting frequent collisions had taken rooled out of the land. In com place between the Catholics and pliance with these soygestions he the Huguenots, and the King of proceeded in state to the Assembly, Navarre succeeded in making himand commanding the articles of the self master of several small places League to be read alond, proclaim- in Poitou, Guyennc, and Brittany. ed them henceforth a fundamen By the end of March, however, tallaw of the realm. The deputies two royalist arinies were in the were then compelled to swear to field. One under the command its observance in all points, and of the Duke of Mayenne marched the King declared himsclt Chief into the Saintonge, while the and Protector of the Holy Union other under the Duke of Anjou for the extirpation of heresy proceeded direct to La Charité, Shortly after this public declara & town situated on the Loire. tion of intolerance, Henry sent After sustaining two assaults it was his brother Anjou and the Duke forced to capitulate, owing to the of Montpensier to demand of the feebleness of the garrison and the Slates 2,000,000 crowns for car want of supplies. The King's rying on the war with suitable vio troops then passed into Auvergne gor. On this the nobles claimed and laid siege to Issoire, which exemption from pecuniary taxa offered a most gallant resistance, tion, inasmuch as they were oblig- and held out till the beginning ed to serve in person; while the of June. Having at length sur- Clergy protested that their duty rendered at discretion, the inhawas teaching and prayer, but bitants were put to the sword, promised to supplicate the Deity and the town pillaged and set on to crown the royal arms with fire. Meanwhile Mayenne had victory. The Third Estate, tem been not less active or successful. porarily presided over by the His first exploit was the reduce ·History of the League. 577 tion of Tonnai-Charente and Ma tone, the payment of the large rans, whence he pushed on to. sums still due to his troops. wards La Rochelle, the strong. Besides, were he to allow the hold of Protestantism. A flvet Huguenots to be completely at the same time cruised along overwhelmed, he would lose his the coast, and after defeating that only counterpoise to the ambia of the Huguenots, prevented the tion of the Guises. He therearrival of provisions or succours. fore concluded a peace at Ber- The port of Brouage, froin which gerac in the end of September, assistance might otherwise have which he was accustoined to de. becn rendered to them, was also signate with much self-complaclosely invested. During these cency his peace, and on the 5th of operations the King of Navarre October appeared the Edict of had been detained by the defence Poitiers, which secured to the of Nerac and Castel-Jaloux, assail Protestants far more favorable ed by Admiral Villars, and though rms than their present circumhe sent Turenne forward with the stances entitled them to expect. advanced guard, Brouage had It contained sixty-four articles, alreally capitulated on honoura. the principal of which somewhat ble terms. Never were the af restrained the right of public fairs of the Huguenots in a more worship, and utterly forbade it desperate position. The King's in the marquisate of Saluces, the fleet under Gay de Lansac was county of Avignon, and within master of the sea. Anjou at the ten leagues around Paris, or head of his victorious ariny was within two lcagues of the actual rapidly approaching to effect a residence of the Court. The junction with Mayenne. Dam- marriages of ccclesiastics were ville had not only deserted their likewise prohibited, but pardon cause, his wife having been won was accorded to such priests, over by the King's magnificent friars, and nuns, as had already presents during the sitting of the entered the state of matrimony, States, but was actually besien though they were not allowed to iny Montpelier, defended by his claim any succession to property, brother Thoré and the Count whether lineal or collateral. The de Chatillon, eldest son of the Iluguenots were inoreover called unfortunate Coligny. But the upo to observe the festivals of King was already weary of a war the Roman Church. A place for which exhausted his impoverish- , divine service was however assigned treasury without adding to ed to them in each Bailiwick; but either his popularity or his fame. the Chambres-Niparties, or mixed He had also reason to apprehend commissions, were entirely supthat the Protestant Princes of pressed. Eight places of sccuri. Earope would form a counter-' ty were given up to them, and all league, and he well knew that leagues, ilssociations, and brotherthe people of La Rochelle had hoods, under whatsoever pretext applied for succours to the Queen contrary to the tenor of the preof England. Prince Casimir sent edict, were declared illegal likewiso availed himself of the and for ever abolished. Kiny's embarrassments at home Notwithstanding this very adto demand, with a peremptory vantageous edict a species of gue- ·$78 History of the League, on rilla warfare continued to be car gladly have assented to their ex. riod on in distant parts of the tirmination, had he not dreaded Kingdom, owing not a little to the undivided power of the Guisthe captious and overhearing de es. His object, when he could be meanour of Marshal Damville. said to have one, was to allow the But to these petty feuds the King two parties to weaken each other paid very slight attention, trust so long as they permitted him to ing that the soothing influence of enjoy without molestation his igpeace would soon wear off all noble pleasures and repose. But such asperities, and that the fruits more frequently he acted of moderation and forbearance the mere impulse of the mowould show themselves in gene ment set at naught all principles ral tranquillity and inutual good and rules of consistency. Hayfeeling. The dignity of Marshal ing concluded his peace, he apof France was shortly afterwards peared to think that there was no bestowed on Armand de Biron further occasion to superintend and James de Matignon, both the government of the people avowed enemies of the Gnise fac. committed to his care, and gave tion, and a Cardinal's lat was ob himself up entirely to the society tained for the Chancellor René of his favorites, and to the most de Birayuc, who was succeeded frivolous pursuits. llis attachas keeper of the seals by Philip ment to his Mignons was that of Hurault Visconnt Chiverney.* a wonian towards the husband of The League had received a her choice, thongli perhaps it was severe shock from the King's in rather intense in degree than wonted vigor in the prosecution lasting in its effects. On one of the war, and yet more so from loccasion it was particularly cunhis subsequent moderation and spicuous, and subjected hini to firmness. But the effort was too merited ridicule and conteinpl. painful to be lasting, and he soon One of these minions, named relapscd into his habitual sloth Quclus, had a dispute with Dunes, and indifference. Whenever he brother of Francis D'Eintragues, adopted any decided line of con who was attached to the houseduct he was usually guided by hold of the Duke of Guise. the pernicious principles of Ita It was arranged that they lian policy, with which his mother should meet next morning, April had imbued bin at an early age, 27, at break of day, in the horseand we are told that his favorile, markot-the site of the Place study was the Prince of Machia Royale, or in republican parvelli. Sincerely detesting the Hq lance the Place des Vosges--- guenots, not only for their differ each accompanied by two gentleence of opinion on religious mat men who, according to the custers, but also for their republican tom of the times, would also take spirit of independence, he would an active part in the combat. # A comet appeared in Novemher which greatly terrified Catherine de Medicis, for the ar. trologers declared that it istedicted deallı or inisfuge to an illustrious lady. Many pusquinaries appeared on the subject; and it was iusiuuated that the Queen-torher should be the last person to be alarmed, for it was a national calamity that was porterded, whereas any evit happening to her woud be a national benefit. + Ismēnc, the daughter of Francis D’Eutragues, succeeded Gabrielle D'Estrées is mistress of Henry IV., who created her Marchioness of Verneuil. o ·History of the League. 579 Quelus was attended by Man. with the Duchess of Guise, which gison and Livarot, and his ad in time came to the ears of the versary by Riberac and Schom injured nobleman. One evening berg. They fought with rapiers. as St. Mégrin was returning home Mangison fell by the sword of from the Louvre, he was suddenly Riberac, who himself was mortal attacked by a number of armed ly wounded, and Schomberg was men, who wore masks, and cruelslain by Livarot : Quelus himself ly murdered. It is positively received nineteen wounds which asserted that the Duke of Mayeventually proved fatal, though ennd was at least present during he lingered nearly a month. Dur the perpetration of this atrocious ing his illness the King constant and cowardly act. The King for ly sat by his bedside smoothing a time was inconsolable, and comhis pillow, and administering his manded three marble statues to be medicines with his own hands. erected in the Church to the me. He is said to have promised his mory of his ill-fated favorites, physician Miron a hundred thou. whose ashes reposed in one comsand francs, if he succeeded in mon vault. Their death, howsaving the life of his friend, but ever, led to the reconciliation of nature was inaccessible to even & the King and his brother. Unroyal bribe, and Quelus was soon able to endure the insolence of numbered with the dead, --in his these upstarts, the Duke of Anjou last moments-says the Journal had fled from Court in the midof the times, calling on the name dle of February; but Henry was of the King, but making no men now easily persuaded by the tion of God and His Mother.. Queen-mother to forward his His remains were then exposed brother's views with respect to to public view with the face un the Low Countries, and on the covered, a custom only observed 13th of August Anjou concluded with persons of the most exalted a treaty with the States General rank, and afterwards laid beside of Holland, by which he assumed those of his companion Mangison the title of Protector of Belgic in the Church of St. Paul. The Liberty, and undertook to march King kissed both these favorites to their assistance with an army after their death, and cutting off of two thousand men-at-arms, and their flaxen locks, preserved them 10,000 foot-soldiers. as remembrances of the deceased. The restless mind of Catherine From Quelus he also took the de Medicis was next bent on se. ear-pendants he himself had for- ducing the King of Navarre from merly attached at a happier mo the Protestant ranks, and she ment.* resolved to visit him in person In the course of the same year, under the pretext of conducting on the 21st of July, another of Margaret to her husband. There the royal minions met with a can be little doubt that that prince violent death. Paul Stuart de was well disposed towards a per- Caussade, Count St. Mégrin had fect reconciliation could he have carried on an illicit correspondence been convinced of its stability : * The following prayer was commonly put into the King's mouth :- Seigneur, recois en ton gison, Schomberg, Quelus, et Manglaon. VOL. II.-NO. VII.

·580 History of the Leaguo. cause. for he was at this period utterly and by a sudden assault gained destitute of both men and moncy, possession of Fleurance. The and in order to maintain the hand Queen-mother was much amused ful of tried and faithful followers by this incident and consoled lierwho still adhered to his broken self by saying that she had the fortunes, he was frequently com best of the bargain," and in truth pelled to have recourse to ma La Reole was a far more imporrauding expeditions,singularly un tant place than the other. But suitable to the dignity of a King, what must have been the condithe champion of a great religious tion of the country in time of war As was her wont on such when such were the results of occasions, Catherine took care to peace! Quidquid delirant reges, be accompanied by a numerous plectuntur Achivi.* train of damsels more distinguish. The versatility of Catherine's ed for their beauty than the aus talents was exemplified by her terity of their virtue. To such conduct at an Assembly held at disgraceful means did she conde Montauban in Feby, 1579, and scend to work out her tortuous principally composed of Huguepolicy. Navarrc himself was par not ministers. Her lately assumticularly susceptible of the charms ed levity was at once laid aside, of female beauty, and not even and by the gravity of her deportthe presence of his consort--who, ment and her apt quotation of indeed, walked in his own steps, Scriptural texts, she impressed ever interrupted the series of his those austere personages with a gallantries. But he does not high opinion of her abilities and appear to have ever fallen into erudition, if not of her sincerity. the snares laid for him by Cathc She thence proceeded to Nerac rine, of whom he ever entertain and contrived to alienate from the ed a well-grounded distrust. The King of Navarre several of his Court remained for some time most attached friends, and to exat Auch, negociating, intriguing, cite dissensions among the others. feasting, and cajoling, each party After signing the treaty of Nerac, striving to deceive the other, and which explained some of the more affecting to be itself deceived. It anbiguous clauses of the Edict of was at Auch, that the veteran Poitiers, she held a conference Governor of La Reole fell despc at Montluel with Marshal Belle. rately in love with one of Catho garde, who had recently conquerrine's syrens, and being annoyed. ed the marquisate of Salnees, by thc raillery of Navarre's youth which he designed to erect into an ful companions gave up the place independent principality. Catheto an officer of the royalists. To rine succeeded, however, in peravenge this loss, Navarre one suading him to be contene to hold night stole away from a Court it of the Crown of France, and ball with a few trusty followers, then, traversing Burgundy, re- * The citizens of Paris in the year 114 having remonstrated with their governor, the Duke of Berry, because the combining princes had concluded peace without consulting them, the Duko replicd: "Cela ne vous touchc en rien ; vous ne devez pas vous entremettre entre le roi notre sire et nous, qui sommes de sa famHle; nous nous courrouçons les uns contre les autres quand il nous plait ; et quand il nous plait, pons saisons la paix." Some. thing similar appears to have been the opinion, or at least the practice, of the nobility in the sixteenth Century.

·History of the League. 581 turned to Paris to resume the heresy, he demanded from the reins of government. Pope a certain amount of the ec. In the year 1352 Louis of An clesiastical revenues to found comjou, King of Jerusalem and Si manderies of the annual value of cily, had instituted the chivalrous 800 crowns, similar to those of the order of the Holy Ghost, to com religious orders, but this the Ponmemorate his coronation on the tiff prudently and firmly refused. day of Pentecost. On the death During this year Henry III. conof that prince, and in consequence ferre great honors on his two of the disturbances that ensued, chief favorites Anne d'Arques, this order fell into neglect, but son of Viscount Joyeuse, the Gothe original document of its con vernor of Languedoc, and. John stitution came into the possession Louis de Nogaret, son of La Vaof the Republic of Venice, by lette. He also bestowed a Marwhom it was presented to Henry shal's staff on John d'Aumont, one III. on his return from Poland. of his most faithful icers, and The French monarch, having not appointed the infamous René de only been born on Whitsunday, Villequier to the government of but having also received the Paris. The superintendence of crowns of Poland and France at Finance was entrusted to thc incathe period of that festival, deter- pacity and prodigality of Francis mined to revive this order, though d'o, while Philibert de Guiche with characteristic vanity hc was nominated grand master of claimed for himself the originality the artillery, and Laureut de Manof its institution. He was the gison was sent into Dauphiny with more induced to introduce a new a high command. order of Knighthood, because that The inconstant and unsteady of St. Michael had been rendered character of the Duke of Anjou worthless by the countless crea continued to inspire the King with tions of Knights made by the much distrust and anxiety, which Lorraine princess in the reign of not all Catherine's wiles or earnest- Francis II. Ile likewise hoped ness sufficed to dissipate. Anjou by this means to form an associa was impatient to fulfil his promise tion of men of courage and good to the insurgents of the Netherfamily, whom he could oppose with lands, and urged the King to perconfidence to the chiefs of the mit his departure at the head of League. an armed force. But Hcnry fear- On New-Year's day, according- 'ed to draw down upon himself ly, took place the first creation of the anger of Philip II., nor did he the order of the Holy Ghost, of entertain any sympathy for a pcowhich the King declared himself ple whom he regarded as rebels the patron and head. Four Cardi to their God and their sovereign. nals, the great officers of the Their case morcover was precise- Crown, and others whom he deem- ly a parallel to that of the French ed most attached to himself, to the Huguenots, and while he strove number of twenty-seven, were duly to annihilate the one, he could invested with the Insignia, which hardly be expected to aid the he himself had mostly designed. others. He was more disposed On the plea that the object of this however to forward his brother's institution was the extirpation of union with Elizabeth of England, ·582 History of the League. some and he even despatched a splendid ties, who naturally protested their embassy under Francis de Mont- ingenuous innocence and declaimpensier, Prince Dauphin of Au ed against the royal calumny. vergne, to negociate for that pur- Margaret resolved to be avenged pose. Anjou also passed into and scrupled not to use the influ- England with a small suite, and ence of her husband's favorite mis. the affair was so nearly arranged tress for the time to get him against that the contracting parties are her brother, the King and the said to have exchanged rings in Duke of Guise, whom she suspecttoken of betrothal. ed of having instigated this affront, Another source of annoyance to because he had formerly been her the King was the overbearing and lover, She was also urged on arrogant demeanour of some of by her brother the Duke of Anthe Clergy assembled at Melun jou, who was anxious to avenge for the settlement of ecclesiastical the death of his champion Bussymatters, A deputation waited d'Amboise. The insolence of this upon their sovereign, and called bully had made him an object of upon to promulgate without ex detestation to the entire Court, ception all the articles of the Coun and even the King regarded him cil of Trent. The evasive an with mingled feelings of fear and swer they received to this pro hatred. The Duke of Anjou position emboldened them to make having in a thoughtless mood still more imperious demands, the shown him love-letters tendency of which was to pro which Bussy had received from mote the dignity and authority of Madame de Montsoreau, llenry the sacred Colleges at the expense .contrived to keep possession of of the royal prerogative. On this the amorous cffusions, and with Henry's anger was aroused, and truly diabolical malignity placed he indignantly dismissed their pe them before the husband of the tition. lady. The consequence was the Towards the close of this year assassination of Bussy, and the the seventh civil war of religion Court was thus delivered from a broke out. It is generally known professed swaggerer and duellist, in French history as the "guerre the greatest nuisance that can des amoureux, because it was infest any society. The Hugue, mainly attributable to female in nots had also determined trigues. During the residence of again having recourse to arms, Navarre's miniature Court at Nerad because the conditions of the there had been a constant succes late treaty remained unfulfilled, sion of balls, tournaments, and all and the royalists had even surkinds of festivity, characterized by prised the town and invested the the most flagitious immorality. castle of Figeac in Queray, A To disturb the harmony of the general rising therefore Protestant leaders the King wrote agreed upon, but the results were to Navarre, and informed him of extremely insignificant. Indigat least a scandalous degree of nant that the government of Piintimacy that existed between his cardy was still withheld from consort and the Viscount Turenne. him, the prince of Condé caused The generous or complacent prince about three hundred picked solread the letter to the accused par dicrs to enter that province in on was ·History of the League. 583 disguise, and on a particular day surrendered to Marshal Matigto assemble at a given point. On non after a two months' seige, the 29th of November they ac in which the Mignons displayed cordingly formed under his per great personal bravery, combined sonal command, and by a sudden with such ostentatious magnifiassault seized upon the strongly cence that this military operation fortified town of La Fere. After became generally known as the writing to inform the King that Siège de Velours. In the meantime he held it as his Lieutenant, the Duke of Mayenne compelled Condé passed into England, Lesdiguières to submit in Dauphi- Flanders, and Germany to levy ny and Mashal Biron driving all troops and collect money. D' Au before him, appeared under the bigné was also successful in sur walls of Nerac. The ladies came prising the castle of Montaign forth on the battlements to be in Poitou with a mere handful of eye-witnesses of their lovers' men, but his well known daring prowess, but a few guns being and approved talents soon rallied ungallantly pointed against them, round his banner a considerable they abandoned their posts with force, with which he greatly ha undignified baste. A fall from his rassed the royalists and withstood horse prevented the Marshal from the utmost power and efforts of following up his successes, while the Count de Lude until the Navarre's indefatigable energy conclusion of the war. supplied the place of a greater The most signal succ "88 that numerical force. The war had crowned the Huguenot's arms was subsided to a series of unmeaning the storming of Cahors, one of the though sanguinary skirmishes, towns that formed the dowry of when the Duke of Anjou returned Margaret of Valois. Possessed of from England, his mind wholly great natural strength the place occupied with his proposed expewas defended by a formidable gardition into Flanders. He therefore rison commanded by Vezins, a offered his mediation to the bellige.. very intrepid and able officer. ents, and in consequence peace An attempt was made to surprise was concluded on the 26th of Nothe town by night, but the noise vember at Fleix, between Bergemade in blowing open the outer rac and Ste. Foix. The conditions gate gave the alarm, and the toca were nearly similar to those of the sin called the citizens to arms. treaty of Nerac, except that a The ground was defended inch Secret article promised the remoby inch. Barricades were erect val of Biron from the Governed at the corner of every street, ment of Aquitaine, and the apand it was only by the premature pointment of an officer more death of the Governor, who was agreeable to Navarre. killed at the first onset, and after This peace was ratified by the five days of hard fighting that the King at Blois, whither he had King of Navarre, the foremost in retired to avoid the ravages of the every gallant exploits, found him- plague which was then depopuself master of Cahors. lating Paris. Between the months But the royalist armies were of June and December forty thoua now at last in the field in over sand persons mostly of the lower powering numbers. La Fere orders were computed to bave ·584 History of the League. perished, while bands of ruffians shortly afterwards crossed over traversed the streets at night, pil to England to press forward his laging the forsaken houses of the matrimonial negociations. But rich, and plundering the dead and the English generally, and more dying. This pest had been pre particularly the Puritans, were ceded by a very violent form of manifestly ill-disposed towards a Hooping cough* that came from prince, whose restless and unthe East, travelling through Italy quict disposition, and whose atand Spain. And yet nothing tachment to the Church of Rome could be more favorable than the promised but little hope of prosstate of the atmospheric phæno- perity to the nation, or of domena, and the harvest was both mestic happiness to their Queen. plentiful and well housed. Elizabeth was too wary to of- Most of the great lords and fend the prejudices of her subwealthy burgesses abandoned the jects, and it is by no means imcapital in its hour of need, though possible that she never seriously an honorable exception was found contempleted the proposed alliin President de Thou, who nobly ance, though she countenanced the remained at his post, daily ming- negociation for the sake of preling with the people, relieving serving peace with France, and their necessities and chcering their perhaps not a little for the mere drooping spirits. + gratification of female coquetry. On the conclusion of the treaty The rings of betrothal were conof Fleix, the Duke of Anjou di- sequently returned, though it rected his undivided attention would seem that the loving to the levying a sufficient force couple parted on good terms, for for the conquest of the low coun Elizabeth conducted the French trics. In the early part of Au- prince as far as Canterbury, and gust 1581, he took the field at the supplied him with considerable head of 4000 men-at-arms and reinforcemerts of men and money 10,000 foot, comprising many of for the vigorous prosecution of the highest nobility of the land, the in Flanders, the both Catholics and Huguenots, most vulnerable point of Philip and among others the Duke of the Second's dominions. The en- Elbauf, Count de Laval, Vis. thusiasm of the Flemings was count Turenne, the Duke of Ven- extraordinary for so phlegmatic a tadour, and the brave and vir- people, and Anjou's progress from tuous La Noue. The approach Antwerp to Ghent and Bruges of this powerful army compelled was one continued ovation. lle the Prince of Parma to raise the was proclaimed Duke of Brabant siege of Cambray which he had and Sovereign Prince of Flanders, reduced to great straits, and the and gold and silver coins were Duke of Anjou entered the city struck, having on one side the efin triumph. After this first suc figy of the Duke, and on the cess many of his followers return other the Sun dispersing the ed home, and Anjou himself clouds, with the motto “ Fovet et war * If an amendment did not take place in four or at the most in five days the sickness yene. rally teminated fatally, especially with thosc who bad recourse to bleeding or to purgative me. dicines. + It was in 1580 that Montajgne published his Essays, but they wore too philosophical to be justly appteciated by his cotemporarics.

·History of the League, 585 Discutit." His forces however, he ever received from that excelsoon fell away, and so destitute lent man and upright magistrate, were those who remained, that the who closed his honorable career French soldiers were reduced to in the 74th year of his age, ressolicit alms of the people they pected and regretted by all classes, came to rescue-for the country and lamented by Henry III. as had suffered too much to afford his best and truest friend : three them any opportunity for plunder. other distinguished men also died The Prince of Parma was besides this year, the Duke of Montpenconstantly on the alert, and harass sier, Marshal Cossé, and the Chaned the enemy whenever he found cellor Birague-of whom it was them off their guard. But to said that he was a Cardinal withwards the close of the year An out a title, a Chancellor without jou's fortune again appeared in the Seals, a Priest without a livthe ascendant, for Montpensiering, and a Doctor without learnand Biron brought him 3000 ing. Swiss and 4000 French soldiers. The general tranquillity of the While the Duke of Anjou was Kingdomn continued to be prewasting his time and resources at served, though occasional distur- Bruges, a conspiracy was formed bances broke out in Dauphiny, against his life--ascribed without which were easily suppressed by sufficient proof to the instigations the firmness and moderation of of Philip II. The principal ac the Duke of Mayenne. Marshal tor in this affair, Nicolas Salcede Matignon having succeeded Biron de Damvilliers was apprehended in the government of Aquitaine, and sent to Paris, where, on being that province enjoyed profound subjected to the torture, he ac-, repose, and indeed, the most zeacused all the highest nobility of lous or the most turbulent of the France, and especially the House Huguenots had passed into Flanof Lorraine, of being accessory ders under the banner of Anjou. to a plot for assassinating the In the following year, 1583, Duke of Anjou and imprisoning the French honour sustained a the King for life. Independent- signal disgrace .owing to the ly of the little reliance to be plac- King's vacillating and dishonest ed on any statements extorted by policy. Unwilling to render his acute suffering, this man's evi brother too powerful and equally dence was still less worthy of reluctant to drive him to despair, credence, for he had already been be continued to send him reinconvicted of forgery. The wise forcements from time to time, Do Thou in vain pointed out the but utterly inadequate to attempt absurdity of the confession in any enterprise against such an many points, and earnestly advis- accomplished General the ed the King to spare the life of prince of Parma. Thus abanthe poor wretch, but Henry, ever doned to himself, and guided ready to impute evil motives, by imprudent counsellers, Anjou immediately suspected his faith- formed the mad and shameful proful counsellor of favoring Anjou, ject of seizing on the strong placand not only commanded, but es of Flanders and garrisoning was present at Salcede's execu them with his own troops. He tion. This was the last advice therefore attempted in person to as ·586 Memory and Hope. get possession of Antwerp, but the characteristic magnanimity, and inhabitants suspecting his design in consideration of the benefits were on their guard, and the peo- they had previously received, ple of Dendermonde and Mech- they expressed their readiness to lin having cut the sluices, many hold a conference with Anjou at of his men were drowned, and the Dunkirk in order to settle all survivors reduced to the most differences. Anjou accordingly pitiable distress. Above twelve proceeded to that port, but the hundred of the French perished in deputies of the States having this affair, and very many were been accidentally delayed on their made prisoners. Shocked by the journey, he took umbrage at this intelligence of this disaster, Henry apparent want of respect, and, sent ambassadors to the States passing on board his fleet, set to endeavor to bring about a resail for Calais, to return no more conciliation. The conduct of that to his long coveted principality. august body was marked by (To be Continued.) MEMORY AND HOPE. As when a Panther, the free denizen Of the wild jungle, by the wiles of men Falleth betrayed into captivity, No more to crouch on the broad branching tree, Nor seize the startled Antelopes that shrink Vainly from his fierce spring-ro more to drink The rushing waters of the mountain stream, Or bask contented in the evening beuin, With ceaseless fret paceth his narrow cage, Chafing against the bars, while secret rage Feeds on his heart th own life outwears In the unnatural restraint it bears Unreconciled repining--til at last, Tired out with hours, in useless passion passed, His haughty spirit yields to sleep, and seems, Perchance, again at freedom in its dreang. So, far away from Thee I feel as if imprisoned, I can see (However fair the scene around) in all Nothing but one detested dungeon wall, Confining me unto a living death, Shutting out my heart's sun and my life's breath Thy presence Love ! the wide world without theo . Is oue vast gloomy prison house to me, ·Memory and Hope. 587 And so I chafe within myself alone, Restlessly seeking rest and finding none- How is it that I live ? thus without thee Bread of my life ! How is it that I see Day dragging slowly by me after day, Yet life remaineth though thou art away! Longing and pining in disquietude Doth my heart hunger ever for its food, And scarcc believeth it can be so song, To live unbreaking without thee so long ! Is it as that lone captive, who confined Without one crust of bread, undying pined In hunger's fearful torment many a day, Before the stubborn chord of life gave way, With Titan strength that unrefreshed could last, And live upon the memory of the past ? Or as a sailor drifting on a plank, When all save him into the deep have sank On the black sea, without onc checring star, Yet with his inental cye sees land afar, Beyond his mortal vision's furthest scope, And in starvation feedeth upon Hope ? Oh! it is both, the Memory of the past Like a bright halo is around me cast, And in all sorrow it affordeth rest To iny proud bosom to have been so blest ; Still more to listen to the syren strain Of glorious hope to be so blest again ; Yet amid all is that repining sigh, Wiich iny heart breathes_Coine quickly or 1 die !" K. VOL. II.-NO, VII, ·[ 588 ] YOUNG BENGAL; OR, THE HOPES OF INDIA. What's Montague ? What's in Not to dwell longer however a name? asked the pretty Juliet, on a nane, we will at once take up when she had given away her our subject. It is our purpose to heart to the truant Romeo; and dwell for a time on the character she argued syllogistically, that a of the youths of India, to examine rose called by any other name their importance and claims, and would smell as sweetto see what hopes, if any, India has on their exertions. Properly So Romeo would, were he not Romeo called. to conduct this enquiry we must We, admitting the full force of view the question on two sides, her argument, acknowledge that, or rather examine the two diviin itself, a name is nothing. Yet sions of the class between which when it comports not with reason, exists a wide difference. Young or when it is not accurate in its Bengal, itself a division, is subapplication, or when it is not defi divided within itself; and those nite to the sense it would cxhibit, subdivisions stand almost as apart nothing though it intrinsically be, from cach other, as the aggreit is too often productive of wrong gate whole does from the old ornotions and incorrect judgment, thodox school. Young Bengal and is not therefore altogether liberal and magnanimous is quite to be despised. This is perhaps a distinct body from Young Benbest exemplified in the case of gal insolent and profligate; Yourg the term “Young Bengal," a Bengal hard-reading has no affiname intended to designate the nity with Young Bengal hardrising community of India, but, drinking. And this will require not having been selected with carefully to be discriminated. forethought, nor applied with pre Perhaps our enquiry should cision, it is so indistinct and vague commence with an examination in the idea it conveys, that people into the character of Old Bengal. have found themselves quite at a But this is rather an unpalatable loss to decide whether the epithet task, and we have no appetite was expressive of opprobrium or for it. The class has bcen often praise. Some use it sneeringly represented in the numerous exand in contempt of certain low hibitions of the Hindu character habits which mark the character which Missionaries and other genof certain of the native youths. tlemen have given us. Every Others, in their application of it, stone has been picked up to shy wish it to be understood as at men, who having nothing in pressive of the recognition of a common with their historians, mental and moral worth in the have received at their hands no rising generation to which their consideration or favor. The erforefathers had no claim. And rors and falsehoods of their acthis contrariety of interprctations quirements have been unsparingobtains amongst the highest au ly exposed, and the exposure thorities. Who shall decide when backed by citations of their ways doctors disayree? and doings. It cannot be necesex·were. Young Bengal; or, the Hopes of India. 589 sary for us to repeat them here slighted and contemned ere sciagain ; and for our own part we ence and adventure had discovered would rather undertake to show their worth. Gold has now been up the worthies of the olden time found in the Hindu brain-intelas specimens of a class of men lectual and moral gold. This now rapidly dying away, than the sharpness of intellectual gcorepaint the oft-painted picture of logists had not discovered before. ignorance, prejudice and corrup Then the hour of discovery had tion, that prevailed amongst the not yet come. But it has now mass of that community, which come, and the position of Young a few years hence will be re Bengal in the estimation of the membered with the things that public has also begun to alter. It is not usual to name names, But if their forefathers were else we could point out many such scoundrels and blockheads individuals who have already esas they have been represented to tablished the most desirable rebe, it cannot be asserted that putation that their friends could the present generation is no wish, the reputation of young wiser nor better. The original men who promise to do some dearth of superior intellect in the thing ere they grow old. The country is rapidly disappearing. learning that had been for so ma- The impetus which the British ny years in the wane, the intelpossession of India has been lectual faculties that under misthe means of imparting to the rule and the thraldom of a bes. progress of knowledge," has al tial religion had lain so dormant, ready yielded an intellectual crop are now gradually vindicating which leaves no legitimate rea themselves. The Hindus, treatson for despair with respect to ed with contempt by their Mahofuture improvements. It was medan conquerors, had becoine impossible that a revolution in contemptible ; the arts of civilithe government, and such a revo zation had been abandoned ; the lution as the British conquest of desire of excelling in any virtuous India effected, should not produce undertaking given up; and the a mightier revolution in the minds country had stood still. But and hearts of men. Old preju. Young Bengal has caught a new dices and old feelings were soon fire from his enlighten conquerors found effete and stale; new no. -a thirst for knowledge. The tions had exploded the prime youths of Calcutta have beval ideas of men and things ; come half English--English in and Young Bengal began to rise everything, personal habits exinto importance. At first he was cepted. The love of superstitious sneered at and despised, but that observances has given way to a was when his intellectual afflu. love of books ; men of wealth was unknown. So were and influence have collected res- California and Australia, whence pectable libraries of choice Ing. gold is now coming by shiploads, lish authors,* and the fashion of * In a late number of the Friend and India (11th Novr. 1852) it was mentiopeil, that even in Calcutta, for one English book read and understood, by an educated native, le purchaser ten Beugalee works. Not suspecting that Homer could nou, we thought we ourselves were dreaming. But after careful enquiry we find that Homer does nod now and flrni "The worst specimeus of the Young Bengal class bny and reali more English than Bengalee books in Calciitta, even though there are circulating Libraries to lend out the former, and the latter are nut easily to be had on loan. ence ·590 Young Bengal ; the Metropolis is spreading out phy and pronunciation, which, to every day into the country. rectify and make uniforin, will Perhaps Young Bengal has be require a not inconsiderable decome too much of an English stugree of exertion. dent. It is asserted by many that But perhaps the best arguhis ambition to become an English ment Against the policy of wast." scholar has almost acquired an ing time in the cultivation of the unpatriotic stretch. Certain it Bengalee language, is an appeal is that he has preferred the wide to the consequences its acquirespread and polished literature of ment, almost invariably, leads to. Britain to that of Bengal, and it Young Bengal, as has been menhas even been asserted that hard tioned before, is subdivided into ly fifty, out of every hundred, can two sections, the moral and the read their own vernacular with immoral, the educated and unthe same facility that they read educated. Will it be believed English books. But we doubt when we assert, that it is for the if this merits the animadversion most part in the second grade that which it has so plentifully re we are to seek for the proficients ceived. We, for our part, are in indigenous literature? The certainly not prepared to de effects produced by the represenprecate the taste that has pre tation of Schiller's Tragedy of ferred Addison, Milton and Ba the Robbers, on the scholars of con, to the Chundee, the Bi. the school of Fribourg, led, we dya Soondar, and the Madhava read, to the resolution of forming Malati. The endeavour to assi a gang of robbers, like those rea milate the literature of a country presented in the play, in the like India, which, sooth to say, forests of Bohemia, and the conhas no popular literature of its own spiracy was only accidentally diswith the literature of such civi. covered on the eve of its execulized quarters of the globe as tion. So the perusal of the Bi. Britain or France, in preference dya Soondar, the Rasa Munjuree, to creating a new literature for the Adccross, the Retimunjuree, it, which when refined, to its exe-' and other works of like charactremest polish, would not in all ter, has certainly not failed to probability surpass that of Bur give many a rake to the world. mah, China or Japan, can hardly It would be no argument to urge, be set down as unpatriotic in its that the productions of the namore enlarged sense. It is all tive press have better specimens very well to speak of rescuing the also to show. Few, very few inlanguage of the country from deed, are there of botter characcontempt, and refining it, and ter, The Rev. Mr. Long has making it worthy of a rising indeed with great zeál given people. But it is not quite so us a long list of Bengalee books easy to raise and refine a language, containing the names of nearly hitherto common only to fisher 700 works of every variety and men and shopkeepers, and adapt character. But of these nearly it to literary purposes, as all that half are Missionary tracts, and parrot. cry would wish us to sup the rest, though classed by the pose. Almost every district has Reverend compiler as “ histories," a separate jargon, at least has a “ moral scriptures," "poetry," dissimilar standard of orthogra "tales," and so forth, are, for the ·Or, the Hopes of India. 591 most part, extravagant fables be the introduction of a foreign dressed in the favorite dirty style tongue. Who wants them to of the land, which even their learn Bengalee? Their friends ? admirers dare not certify to be of Are those friends aware that even unexceptionable character. Those the nursery songs and tales in the that depict not the corruptions of language are not choice in their men, record the lewd fables of the expressions ? That profligacy of gods, and are just as bad in their speech is learnt long before chiltendency as the others. Those dren can have any idea of the nothat neither do the one nor the tions couched in the words they other, are generally recent com use ? Even the native press, estabpilations, for the most part trans lished after, and in imitation of, lations of English authors most the English press, has not yet brutally murdered. No body been able to attain a respectable reads theso vapid productions. character; all the newspapers ema- They do more injury than bene nating from it, except those confit to the cause of improvement ducted by the Missionaries, being by sharpening the popular avidi more or less servile, low, and inty for dirtier morsels. decent. You cannot eradicate The country is full of intellect. impurity from the language with It were absurd to dispute or de out sacrificing it altogether. Why ny it. There is not a single hea hesitate to make the sacrifice ? then region on the face of the The partiality of Young Bengal for world wherein, in its palmi- the English language, therefore, is est time, more proofs of vigo- only an earnest of greater imrous intellect have been displayed provement. If indigenous stimuthan in this. Great powers of. luses are poisons, how is he to the mind have been evinced here blame for having preferred a even from the earliest days of foreign cordial ? antiquity; nor can they be suid We do not intend to be underto have disappeared now alto stood as sncering at the efforts gether from lapse of time. They made to raise the character and have undoubtedly been weaken usefulness of the Bengalce laned. False religion had given guage by the Missionaries and them a wrong impetus, misrule other gentlemen. We only differ and oppression had attempted to very much from them in the esticrush them down. But better mate they have formed of the days have dawned on India. Ty- Bengalee's love for his own naranny has passed away, and it is tional literature. Because there only necessary to withdraw them are books at all in the Bengalee from the influence of a corrupt language, written by Bengalces, religion t8 ensure the resuscita and read by them, they have tion of worth and intelligence, jumped at once to the conclusion Then leave them not to their that the populace love the existing native literature. It was that literature, and it should be imliterature, interwoven with the proved. But the fact alluded to lewd fables of a miscalled religion, by them does not indicate what that has perpetuated the thraidom they would wish us to believe, of ignorance so long. Better for that the Bengalee likes his own them, better for the country shall language best. He knows the ·592 Young Bengal ; language and he reads it. The to be,) we do not understand. public of Bengal is a reading pub- It is not possible for them all lic, if reading aloud and stupidly to learn both languages well. as they do, can be called such. Undivided attention must be paid But they have at all times been to one or the other, and which found more ready to prefer foreign should receive it under their cirlanguages to their own, and even cumstances of life is plain enough. to accept them as better mediums If the attainment of English moof instruction. The educated rals in their English purity be the classes read the Persian and the primary object of his education, Arabic when English literature surely Young Bengal has chosen was « unknown to them, and now wisely and well. But we must they read and speak the English extricate ourselves from this tongue; and the poor would be thorny discussion. glad to imitate them had they the That an abstract love of the same facilities of doing so. It is as English, inpreference to the Benimpossible, as unwise now to alien- galee language, is not the only ate the educated classes from the incentive that has prompted in taste they have acquired, and to Young Bengal such strong partiagive the uneducated classes the lity to seek an English education, same bent, though it might be it needs no ghost to tell us. The difficult, is not in practicable. fact has been perpetually advan- Whether the two classes should ced as if it were a charge speak different tongues and read against his character, that the different books is easy to decide. prospect of obtaining situations So long as the whole body of of dignity and emolument under the people, however, have not the Government, and of rising facilities to study a foreign lan- thereby to an elevated rank in guage, the Missionary view of the society, is the real spur that has subject must of course be attend suggested the preference. Well, ed to, and the ordinary medium what then? We are quite preof communication adopted to dif- pared to admit that many, say all, fuse knowledge among the igno- commence the pursuit of an Engrant poor. The general adoption lish education with the objects of a better tongue must be a alluded to in view. The prospect work of time, and to wait to carry of bettering one's condition is in on instruction through that chan all countries the primary, we nel, till it is so adopted, might mean the first, original, stimulus indefinitely delay the current of to literary exertions. The want iusprovement. But delay at the of such an object would rob the present moment is not to be mind both of its vigor and earnestthought of. As a matter of neces. ness; and a less interested attachsity therefore, and not of prefer ment for it is always, and every ence, the poor of Bengal must where, of tardier growth. As read the Bengalee tongue. But people make progress they learn to why it should be considered un love learning for its own sake, but patriotic for those who have good who ever felt the saine partiality opportunities to learn English, to whel reading his A, B, C. ? neglect the indigenous vernacular Nay, in this country the induce- (80" dirty as we have shewn it ments to learn English, though ·Or, the Hopes of India. 593 derive any : greater far than any inducements houses ; many are still thoughtto learn Bengalee, are certainly less and idle, and many more not very liberal after all. The plunged in the vortex of keranypublic service of the Govern dom, lost amid a crowd of unment is much too exclusive in known names, plodding through principle for Young Bengal to life on an allowance of 40 or 50 substantial benefit Rs. per month, a diploma in one that way, and though private ser pocket and mcdals in another. vice in the mercantile line of Most of thcse have not received business holds out more cheering the reward of diligence, probity, prospects of reward, superior men and talents, and probably never tal attainments do not always find will, their deserts exceeding the patronage in it. The Government prospects open to them: keranyadmits frankly enough, that men dom offers no career to a man of instructed in the higher depart superior powers. Its remuneraments of science and literature, tions must of necessity be exare fittest to adorn public sta ceedingly limited, and it leads to tions, but the chorus of baseness no eventual distinction. Even and selfishness with which it is to the petty offices in this unprossurrounded, keep those very men perous line, learning and talents at a distance, lest the service mo are not always the passports, and nopoly should be endangered. instead of men of inferior talents The knowledge, ability, and even looking upon their superiors as probity of Young Bengal is al instructors, the respective stalowed, but that knowledge, probi tions of merit and demerit are of ty, and ability have only served to ten so jumbled, that the ignosuggest a reserve and cold-heart-. rant man frequently looks down, edness, if not an aversion, against and of course, always with derihim. And the mercantile com sion, on subordinates of far greater munity, composed for the most ability and learning. The fact is, part of uneducated men, is slow there is no competition of talents to raise to their own level men, at all in the bestowal of Governwho in knowledge and ability not ment appointments ; and if a culmuch their inferiors, might, from tivation of the English language their local advantages, soon leave and literature had possessed no them behind. other attraction beyond being the Thus arbitrarily withheld from passport to places of trust and his proper position, Young Ben emolument, we would not certaingal, for the inost part poor, is ob ly have regarded the inducement, liged to employ himself in sub so far as it is such, sufficiently ordinate spheres of usefulness. strong to justify the waste of Some are devoted to letters, and, time, attention and money usualas school-masters, are directing ly devoted to the process of edu. in a quiet unobtrusive manner, cation. As matters now stand it the progress of knowledge ; some is neither the high road to wealth are managing their paternal and distinction, nor is it the high estates; are engaged in road even to competence. The little commercial speculations, or services of men void of knowdrudging away as banians or fac- ledge, though far less advanta. totums to the European Agency geous to the general interests of 1 some ·594 Young Bengal ; the country, are, we are afraid, prejudice and ignorance, and hav. more acceptable to those who ing the only qualification of behave patronage in their hands. ing at all times ready to flatter We deplore this prejudice very the follies and foibles of their sumuch. A committee of enquiry periors, nay, even to pander to their would discover that it has not in vices. But there is policy in it. considerably added to the charges At the same time that it distanof the State, ces every idea of competition, it We would not be misunder- gives a handle to every pseudo stood. We do not implicate the friend of India to launch out his Government in our censure. The tirade against 'native efficiency Government is enlightened and and character. If these remarks liberal, and above the meanness of appear to be of a very caustic saying one thing and doing an character, the fault lies entirely other. But we cannot gloss over with those who have rendered althe fact that those who have the lusion to the unpleasant truth nomination of candidates, the subnecessary. Men who are insensie ordinate representatives of the sible to the call of duty, deserve ruling power, are for the most to be exposed to the censures of part, afraid of, or averse to re public opinion. commend such as, by their inferior Against the native youth it knowledge and merit, have raised might at the same time be justly themselves to distinction. Many urged, why will they be clerks of them are afraid of placing them- and copyists, instead of being inselves in too invidious a contrast dependent laborers ? Besides the with such men. Some find them service of Government is there no too independent to make good other sphere of usefulness? Why subordinates, others affect to not be the plodding, industrious consider that the peculiar na and frugal tradesman ? Artists ture of their education renders are in great demand in all the them unfit for office drudmetropolis of India. Industrious gery, others again gravely sug and steady adventurers from Eulettered inexperi- rope, by the labor of a few years, ence requires to be tempered always scrape together a decent by time before it can be safely competence, and often return to introduced into actual practice the mother-country with enviable all specious arguments, which, fortunes. Even the less intellieven those who use them, know gent and less skilful emigrants to be dishonest, but which they from China realize with ease are nevertheless compelled to use wealth sufficient to place them in preference to that true reason and their children in independent which they dare not circumstances. Why 'not be- Surely Young Bengal has made a carpenter, coachvery great intellectual progress builder, or an architect? The indeed to be an object of jealousy training would require little or no to such men. The consequence expense. There are European of this inimical feeling is, that tradesmen in the country who the native subordinates of Go would be glad to take gratuitous vernment consist, almost en apprentices, so they could be cer. tirely, of individuals hardened in tain of them for a fixed time, gest that avow. come a ·Or, the Hopes of India. 595. merely for the profit of their ex now exclusively in very ignorant ertions. They are jealous indeed hands, and is conducted with of rivals in trade, and the intru borrowed capital. Ilow few are sion of strangers, who aspire to there in the country who plough the craft, is not always palatable and reap on their own independ. to them. But when the bene. ent funds ! Men of superior infit is reciprocal the jealousy ceases. telligence can very easily improve At this moment, also, they are upon the plan. The introductoo proud of the prestige of their tion, of improved implements of present superiority, to enter- husbandry would cheapen latain an idea of native compe bour, and a discreet adjustment tition, and for many years to of crops would make that labour come, would hardly think that more productive ; and Young rivalry worth attending to. A Bengal being more independent little good sense and steady ap in his character, and inore proplication will enable the appren vident in his abits, than the tice to ingratiate himself into his present farmers of the land, would master's favor, and lay down the be able to increase his capital foundations of his future fortune. year by year, and extend his When he fully understands his business, instead of running into business, he would be coveted by debt. Industry and economy his master as a paid servant, and are sure at the end to meet with would soon be in a condition to their reward ; and the field is so save something from his income, extensive that there is no likeli. His condition might be consider hood of the number of hands ed low up to this time, but his engaged in the occupation makprospects will have already be- ing it unprofitable. In mechacome cheering. When industry nical labours, British and halfand economy have sufficiently caste tradestoen might vie with enlarged his little savings, he can native youths on more advantaset up for himself, and, having geous grounds, but the ideas, cheaper labour at command than habits and constitution of the his master, he will do so with ad- latter, being latter, being pnore congenial to vantage. His condition will no the climate, will give them an longer be stationary, for his pro vantage over all foreign comgress will henceforth depend en petitors in the cultivation of the tirely on his own personal exer soil.. tions; and there are no dreams of But unfortunately Young Benambition which success in business gal, like his more bigotted counmight not enable him to realize. trymen, has a prejudice against Agriculture also holds out to hůsbandry and the trades-a Young Bengal as good a field for remnant of the prejudices of exertion as the trades. We need caste, Caste dogmas bave innot speak here at all of its vast deed sufficiently melted down to importance with respect to the render Brahmins and shop-keepimprovement and welfare of the ers fellow-students and friends. country. Our business with it, Go to any of the schools of Cal. at present, is only to examine it cutta, and you will see the child. as a remunerative occupation. ren of Brahmins, Vaidyas and The cultivation of the soil is Kayasthas associating and study: VOL. II. NO. VII.

·596 Young Bengal; to preing with the children of carpen where, in what part of the world, ters and tradesmen of the lowest has the position of a pensioned orders, and yet the occupations placeman ever secured it more of those orders are not to he quickly and thoroughly than the adopted. Manual trades and pursuit of trade and agriculture ? callings are considered less res The copyist from the commencepectable than keranydom, on il ment or his career, 'when through count of these prejndices. Old the influcnce of friends, or by Bengal is of this opinion on the bowing and cringing, he obtains authority of Menu and Vyasa, a place; to the end of his long which he respccts. Thc rising service, when by good sense and generation spurn the authority, parsimony he has scraped togebut retain the prejudice. This ther a humble competence; is is very preposterous. If it were ever subject to the will and only to prove the sincerity of caprice of masters often silly, their conviction and the strength saucy, and harsh, so as to weary of their understanding, the youths out patience herself to a premaof India should adopt the prin ture end, and not unfrequently so ciple they adinit, and adhere to ignoraut as to make service under it steadily. Nay, even apart from then quite impracticable. Such that, for sensible men would not be the life of the tradesfor copying papers and tran man and the agriculturist. These, scribing accounts, which do not as soon as their noviciate is over, exercise the mind at all,- ,-on the would be their own masters. They ground of respectability,--to labor would enjoy unrestricted liberty, and skill in business which bave and be no longer subject to the the ulterior object of promoting whin and caprice of the ignon the wellare of the country, is ab rant, nor bound to endure the surd. In India, wealth and res laughty look or the scoruful pcctability ale synonymous terms. nye. Then again the ultimate The rapid succession of proper. aun and end of a copyist's exerties and families in the country tion is to secure at his journey's prove it; and the rich nen of cnd a pension of 25 or 30 rupees the day are the plescendants of per month, on which to live, poor and unknown grandfathers. and which is to constitute the Even wore it not so, independ only provision for his family, Glice in all countries is when age and infirmity shall respectable than subordination. compel him to strike work. The Without it," says Junius, "no' tradesman and the farmer would man can be happy or even ho have much brighter prospects than nest." We will not go so far as this. Successful busincss, in the to question the goodness of the ordinary course of events, would Creator, or to stigmatize human furnish them with a moie liberal integrity by admitting the full retiring annuity, an annuity which force of the argument ; but would continue from father to son, ly human happiness and even even to the third and fourth gehonesty, or at least what the neration, being based on an indeworld calls such, would be all the pendent stock. more secure for a little solid The path of usefulness and inpecuniary independence; and dependence lies open to Young Biore 9) sure·own. Or, the Hopes of India. 597 Bengal. If he chooses to dem you owe a higher duty to your grade himself notwithstanding, children than to wish them to of course no one can help him. tread in the path you are tread- But his reasoning is generally dis- ing! Anticipate the feelings they tinguished by common sense and must fecl, if so directed, by your reflection, and if he would duly You support a large and act up to its dictum, all men increasing family, but your inwould respect him the more for come has not increased. Your it. It is true indeed, that the wish for an independent compecircumstances of many hardly tence has not been realized, nay, allow of their acting up to their you are often galled by your neindividual impressions and con cessities and wants. Take heed victions. But even such have it then, when you have it left to in their power to direct aright the yourselves to choose, what course course of improvement, if they you select for your children. You will only exert themselves accord are respected and loved amongst ingly. If some of the rising your own community, but the generation are too old already man you are subordinate to, to commence life ancw, forsak dressed in his little brief authori. ing the course they have taken, ty, looks down upon you with conthey have yet this in their power, tempt. You feel the indignity, not to repeat the error of their your mind is in constant distress, ways in their brothers and children. your withers are most severely You have attained a height from wrung, for you cannot retort which, at your age, you cannot scorn for scorn. And you have descend, (we would say to them) children. Reniember the smartyou cannot resume your scrip and ings you feel when you think staff to set out afresh on the jour of tratuing then for the life you ney of life. Well, be it so. But lead. Train them rather for Ocyou have the direction of other cupations which, by the time minds. Take heed how you lead their expenses increase, will them. Enough of cheap copyists yield them an hourly increasing have you given to the Govern income, and which will make ment. Hold! For your own sakes, them happy by making them inand the sake of your country, dependent. Yle are the hopes give no more! For your counof India ! Not the metropolis try you have a task to perform, alone, but the whole country rea duty to accomplish, and an ,quires your usefulness, and proend. to attain. You are mises ainply to repay every wellespecial and consecrated agents directed exertion. Tradesmen are raised by Providence, not Winted for every city and town cident, for meeting the exi in India, farmers for every vil. gencies 8f the times, for aiding lage. The objections against the in the accomplishment of groat life unfolded to you are inerely and permanent benefits, for help- idcal. Examine thom with your ing in the destruction of vast and ordinary judgment, and they will dominant evils. Even if you hearken not to the calls of your No extraordinary talents are country, your own family in derests wanted in the lines of business to require you to be wary. Fathers, which we have alluded : and they the ac melt away.

·598 Young Bengal; M are open to all. People who have There is no royal road to never tried can have no idea of the wealth any more than there is to immense difficulty which even cle- knowledge. Who wishes for the ver men have in entering the Go ease and repose of wealth must vernment service, particularly such gain them by the sweat of his as are compelled to rely on their brow. It is a purchase that must own exertions. They have often be made-made with application, the unpleasant alternative of see patience and industry. This is the ing their applications cruelly re most important of all lessons for pulsed, while men of considera- Hindu youths to learn. On it bly inferior pretensions are pre- depend everything, health, happiferred to them. This bitter alter ness, opulence, respectability, usepative occurs not to the mechanic fulness, existence itself. There and the labourer; and at the same is absolutely no hope for the countime the qualifications required try independent of it. The youths of them are lighter and more ea of Bengal have copied English sily attained. A good acquaint manners well, but the excellent ance with common arithmetic, habits of the British tradesman and an ordinary knowledge of must also, likewise, be imitated. the English and native languages, They have adopted the language are all the literary accomplish- and embraced the feelings and ments absolutely necessary, and ideas of Englishmen ; to make a little cursory knowledge of geo the imitation practically as prography and history might also be ductive as the original, they must added, to place the native quite essay to imitate also, as far as in a par with his European com the feebler makc and constitupetitors. Habits of usefulness tion will allow it, the English however will be plentifully require avidity for labor. ed, and the sloth and indolence But because great literary of the native character must be acquirements are not necessaentirely given up. To rise early ry in rendering opulence and and work late are essential to the respectability of easy acquire. workman who would eat the ment, we do not mean that bread of honest labor, and leave their cultivation should be negto his children the sayings of care lected, by no means. The obfulness. Industry, frugality, and ject of education is to develop perseverance are inflispensible to and discipline the mental facul his mode of life, Why does not a ties, to form habits of accurate Hindu tradesman get on? Why thinking, to store the mind with is a Hindu farmer always in debt? a general knowledge of human They never labor when they can nature, to fortify and elevate the help it. If they would only character by moral discipline ; exert themselves for five or six and these are indispensable to hours every day they could mako all men, however the occupations themselves perfectly independent of some might not require them. of want or debt. But this they If Young Bengal is in uprightnever will. They take to them ness, fidelity, and truth, superior selves as much holiday as they to his ancestors, he owes it encan, and no wonder they continue tirely do the culture of European Aeedy in the midst of abundance education, from which he has im- ·Or, the Hopes of India. 599 bibed ideas which exist not in the terature and language have been storehouse of Oriental learning: imbibed all the sound notions A knowledge of the English lan now being gradually diffused guage is certainly not to be con throughout the land. The or-, sidered as a standard of individu. thodox Dative , notions about the al excellence, but it throws open origin, age, chronology and histoevery avenue to truth and rec ry of the earth; their ideas of 28. titude, and the best specimens of tronomy, ethics and metaphysics; the Young Bengal class are cer even their notions of human restainly to be found amongst those ponsibility, of right and wrong, who have' cultivated it well. of heaven and hell, are not only Whether it should be taught ex erroneous, but, fraught with injuclusively, or not, is a discussion rious tendencies : and the only that does not cone within the antedote against the evil they enscope of our subject, but this it gender is their entire and utter might be pertinent to observe, renunciation. As a preventive that, while the cultivation of na against evil, therefore, iſ from no tive literature and language has higher motive, English must be only fed the young mind with learnt, and well. falsehoods and prejudices ; from the cultivation of European li- (To be Continued.)

·[ 600 ) ROUGH NOTES ON THE CIVIL ADMINISTRATION OF THE AMRITSUR DISTRICT. To judge of a tree by its fruits, lishments, a very important eleor of measures by their result, is ment, as such cost has often been a popular induction, and one found to overbalance the benefits which we believe in the main to of the best conceived schemes. be as sound as it is practical. That the administration of the Antiquity has pronounced the district we are about to roview firmest qualification of a Military has developed in the most satis- Commander to be good fortune; factory degree these first essenor to speak more correctly, that tials of success, is a question which the merits of a General should be no one, after perusing the returns judged by his past good or bad We shall adduce, will, we imagine, success ; and the more matured be disposed to question. These experience of modern ages has returns for the year 1851, the not tended to controvert this first year the system had been opinion. But this axiom, which fairly tried, were such as to athas been made to apply to the tract the attention of the highest science of war, may be said to authorities. It was here found refer with even greater force to the that the oft-told tale of the Law's politics of Civil Administration, delay and the suitor's hope de- Security is the great end of the ferred, had been at length prov- Criminal Law, and the amount of ed a fallacy; that above six thou- Security obtained the true test of sand regular Civil suits had been merit, so that the means employ decided, and that the average du. ed be not inconsistent with huma ration of each case, from the first nity and a due regard to the li arrival of the plaintiff in Court, berty of the subject. Again, the to the final decision on the merits speedy adjudication of disputed of his claim, had occupied, takrights, and the prompt adjust- ing one case with another, twelve ment of commercial claims, form. days and thirteen hours ; the the best grounds for praise of a hours forming the fraction which system of Civil Procedure, which resulted on striking the general should combine the greatest eco average of the days. On comnomy of money and time-the parison it was further found that latter being often of the greater a degree of despatch had been value. For it hath been well obtained, which had reduced the obscrved by the Philosopher of time occupied in cach case to one- Verulam, that "true Despatch eighth of the period allotted unis a rich thing, for. Time is the der the former system, viz., three measure of business as inoney is months ; and that the amount of of wares ; and business is bought work executed might be more at a dear hand where there is lit- fitly compared with that of entire tle Despatch." Further, in esti. divisions than with that of single mating the value of any form of districts; while the character of Civil Administration, we should the decisions, as evinced on apnot lose sight of the cost of estab- peal, might have challenged com- ·Rough Notes, fc. 601 parison with those of the most ceed to examine the system of talented champions of the Regu. Civil procedure, to which we have Jation Code. Inquiry was at once before alluded, still partially cúrdirected to the measures to which rent in the Cis-Sutlej States, and these results were due, and the till lately in operation in the fate of the former course of proother districts of the Punjab ; cedure, in the Punjah at least, was and endeavour to point out the definitively sealed. This former defects of this system, while we system, which was popularly exhibit the improved forms inknown as the Arba Kaghaz, or four- troduced by Mr. Saunders; and paper system, is a miserable ex we shall close our review with a cerpt from the Regulations chief- picture of the every-day routine ly from Regulation II. of 1806. of the Amritsur Office, confining This code is printed in a sma!! our remarks to such points as pamphlet, in a clear type, and will best display the most salient an unpretending form, and in characteristics of the Punjab. tituled " Directions for the Admi. Administration, as distinguished nistration of Civil Justice in the from that of our older provinces. Punjab and Cis-Sutlej Province." It is almost needless to remind But beyond the form and the the reader, that on taking the Puntype, it has little to recommend jab we found it, in an adminisitsell' to our favor ; its greatest ad trative sense, a literal rasa tabula. mirers can only say that it con. Rights had no definition ; retains the kernel of the Civil law cords there were nonc; land, of the older provinces, the ker except in spots peculiarly favournel, verily, of a poisonous fruit. ed, had no marketable value. An eminent Cis-Sutlej jurist. The cultivator reaped a mere pointed out to us, to his own in subsistence from the soil. The finite satisfaction, and our intense Government, which in some inhorror, that it would be better to stances alienated its rights, dego to the fountain-head itself, and rived nominally the sole beneseck in the Regulations at large ficiary interest. Here then was for the same rules, better laid offered a fine field for building down and more fully explained. up a model system. The opporpropose in our present re tunity was not lbst. The attempt view to shew, first, the great ad was made but without uniformity, vantages offered by our recent and with very imperfect means, conquest for avoiding past errors, and it inust be admitted has not and the opportunity for construct in every instance fully succeeded, ing a new system on the soundest principally, no doubt, through the theory which could be built on waht of a suitable agency. But the inductions from the experi- in the district on which we write, ence of a century of past errors ; circumstances, by a happy combiand, secondly, the vigorous grasp nation, proved propitious. The made to secure these advantages, people accustomed to a simple rule, and the admirable adaptation of were utter strangers to litigation. the means employed for securing Their former governors, who had the largest aniount of success been used to adjudicate on the in the district under considera- suits of the contending parties by tion. We shall afterwards pro a summary decision, delivered vind We ·602 Rough Notes on the voce, after hearing a brief oral might truly say with the Athestatement of the merits of the case, nian statesman," I cannot fiddle, were continued in office under an but I can make a small town a altered designation, while seven great city." This is better praise years of anarchy, adverse seasons, than to say that he possesses that much violence, and individual suf- courtly affability, a very valuable fering, had thoroughly wearied the element by the way in the art of people, and the accession of the Government, which can dismiss British sovereignty was hailed with an importunate applicant in good enthusiasm. The opening offer humour, and at the same time ed was favourable ; how many evade compliance with his prayer. sucb favourable openings have It has been in India so long been lost for ever by want of pro the custom to regard the highest per care! But for Amritsur was offices as the right of men reared reserved a better fate. A Civilian, in the official pomposity of the young in the service, but who, Secretariat, that we are not diswhile serving in an adjoining dis- posed to quarrel with a little acertrict of the Jullundhur Doab, had bity on the part of one who has acquired a great knowledge of the done the State good service, and Sikls and the Punjabees general- earned well-merited thanks in the ly, was appointed to this impor more practical, but less elegant tant charge. duties of district work. While thus possessing the rare So much for the man appointadvantage of an initimate knowed to the charge of the Amritsur ledge of the people he was about district, and his patron Mr. J. to govern, he yet entered on the Lawrence. The natives familiaradministration unfettered by laws ly call Mr. Saunders, the Depuand regulations framed by pre- ty Commissioner of Amritsur, judiced predecesso He had « Jân Lârins kå bucha." Perserved too in a 'good school, and haps, however, Mr. Saunders was still under the eye and pa owed to Mr. Montgomery, who tronage of his old master, who, was at that time Commissioner of though he be acepunted-whether the Lahore Division, the most truly or not we cannot say-hursh valuable assistance ; for it was, we in his manner and stern in his believe, through his support, that mandates, has been always guided the former was enabled to act on by a conscientious regard for the his own convictions, and to set true interests of the people. aside the cumbrous forms nomi- The bearing of this gentleman nally imposed for the guidance of towards bis subordinates has Civil Officers in the Punjab. But been made the subject of a rather here we must not close our notice angry discussion. For our own of the officials. A European part we can honestly affirm, with Officer can do bat little as reout any of the biat of a partizan, gards the direct management of that he is by no means uppopular a district, whose area is about with the service at large, over eighteen hundred square miles, which he non presides, while the and whose population is estimat. members of the purely Civil" ed at six hundred thousand. He branch are justly proud of him, had not merely to see with other • As one of their own body, who people's eyes, and work with ssors, 4 - ·Civil Administration of the Amritsur Difrict. 603 other people's hands; he required equally corrupt, was to be prenot nierely a large and well-pr- ferred to appointments sooner ganized staff of ministerial offi tban a foreigner from another cials, but to create subordinate part of India ; 'for besides that a functionaries, miniature typ> people rather suffer the former of himselfm-the central presiding than the latter, he had served, genius of the district. But here that in taking a new country, the arose a difficulty : the adminis train of evils induced by a berd. trators who had governed under of hungry expectants following Runjeet Singh were totally un. the track of the conqueror, were used to our European notions of invariably carried to our discredit justice. Punishment was known whereas the lingering rempants only as it filled the coffers of the of former oppression only served Prince:* a civil decree was a as a foil to the lustre of our ao. sabáni hukam to the parties con. knowledged impartiality, and the cerned. Records were unkpown. general justice of our rule ... Simplify our system as much as The plan adopted by Mr. we would, yet some system we Saunders was to retain 48 Tel must have, and erecting an entire. sildars those men who had served ly new structure, it was as well to as Kardars under the Sikh Gom build the edifice on the most per vernment, and to constitute these fect plan. To work with the Tehsildars not merely Collectors materials on the spot could be no of Revenue, but also Judicial Ofeasy task, but to have imported a ficers for the trial of Civil suits af herd of needy Hindustances as & sipall amount, and to entrust Tehsildars, Peshkars, Thanadars, them with the general supervision Jemadars, Mohurrira, Burkunda of the police authorities in their zes, ct hoc genus omne, would have respective divisions. To each been far worse. This tribe have not Tehsildar was given the usual the fairest reputation at their proper establishment of a Peshkar and homes, but it is generally the worst goveral Mohurrirs. These were who seek their bread in the land for tho most part Hindustanees, of the Five Waters; it was sound an unavoidable arrangement, as advice, that given by Sir John without some ſuch aid, it would Malcoli, in a Circular to his sub- have been impossible to introduce ordinate Politicals in native States, any degree of method into the that the native of the soil, though administration The Qunoongoes • The Manjia, an ill. favoured tract of country farms the winthern portion of the Bm ree Doab, yielded annually, after the fightiøg ae400, rich Harvest of wood-money. The soil of the Punjab is almost eatirely dependent for its fertility or a plentiful supply of water Below the foot of the hills raas a line of very productive land, for here rain falls in but dance, and water Hadds in the wells near the surfathing but towards the south the bagli luod berween the rivers has become an gnprofitable tract of jungle tenanted ny lawless tribos of lawleme cattle graziers and cattiklitters. From these men the Sikhs coạid derive bat Kotke in the shape of a legitimate revenue, but they contrived to carry the frequest bloody affraya which oocarred in tliis 11).conditioned country to thetr own pacuplúry proft. Five buadran Rapoea was the ordinary Ana ing prosedon # village for erott-ingu woanded, and two thousand for every life, and the paturnal government would often not above a lac of Rupees in a single season. Tuongtr not therwise addicted to keepidg record, the Kardars were expected to register these gok acehrately and give apopant up the proceeds as part of the Gorerament revenge. They were indeed often calied upon to pay the the once themselves, and left to realize it afterwards as best they might from the ofrending village. Afsuit is not found in appeal on a daim brought by General Harbhadh Ral, pow reasfldar of Taran Taran, in tha Amritsar district, for 4 halance of are hundred "Rupees Pald on this head to Rabat Deena Nath, when Sardar of the Manha, but wilch was never realized fauonne menon of the Annexation vol. 1.--NO. YII.

·604 Rough Notes on the were of course patives of the dis ed by the Depaty Commissioner, trict. The Telsildar thus brought we proceed to fulfilour former prphis own local knowledge into mise by examining the comparaplay, while he was assisted by tive merits of the system of Civil ininisterial functionaries, who procedure introduced into the had acquired official aptitude from Amritsurdistrict, and of that which service in the provinces. The prevailed in the other districts of deposition writers, who came into the Punjab. We will begin with immediate contact with the peo the latter, and open our comments ple, were invariably Punjabees, on Section II. of the pamphlet as were also the peons to be em containing the remarks above ployed in the immediate execu named. The petition of plaintion of the orders of the Court. tiff is filed, made out, of course, Mr. Saunders, by careful tuition by a Vakeel, and loaded with the and unremitting attention, hæs, customary farrago of oriental exsucceeded in raising these dis aggeration. The judicial officer, trict Courts to a high point of if he shall not see cause to reject efficiency and popularity. The the same as frivolous or vexatious Officers of the district police were - very unlikely contingency, fur principally selected from men al. few suiters state their own case ready known to Mr. Saunders to their own disadvantage, and in the Jullandhur Duab. In this "cry stinking fish" when they branch there was experienced a enter Court-must issue a notice greater difficulty in procuring calling on the defendant to file a patives of the country than in written reply within fifteen days. the Tehsil Courts, but by a judi If the defendant does not receive cious admixture of the two classes this notice, as he most probably into the various grades of Thana will not, if the claim is a fictitious dars, Jemadars and Burkundazes, one, or does not reply, which he a considerable amount of suc will not do, if the claim be just; a cese has been obtained. In his proclanation is issued, granting a own Court Mr. Saunders was further delay of fifteen days. Now, forced to introduce the largost under the first hypothesis, the deproportion of Thindustanecs, but fendant will again, most probably, the evil was greaſly mitigated by continue in ignorance of the alappointing the deposition writers leged claim; or under the second and peons entirely from among he will make his appearance, and the natives of the country. Va. get a Vakeel to write a long rekeels and mookhtars, the ready ply, or jawab-dawa, full of irreleagents of every villainy and cor Yant matter, but saying just ruption, were not permitted to enougla to the purpose to deny contaminate the thresholds of the tho claim.. . In the first case the Halls of Justice. To native plaintifts. claim will be tried ex- Assistants were allotted to Mr. parte, and a decreo be given at Saunders, the one, Moulvee Ah. once, but not executed at once. mud Ali, formerly a Sudder Ameen No, it will be kept in abeyance at Banda, the other, Brdar Jodh till the period allowed for an ap- Singh, a patriarcba Sikh Kardas, peal has expired, when the un. Having completed qur'exani. fortunate defendant, who is pronation of the establishment creat, bably an industrious Jet or Rain ·man. Civil Administration of the Amritsur District 605 cultivator, and has been engaged huda juwab; to be given withiin all this time in sinking his well, five days, and this clause concludes: finds bimself ruthlessly sold up. by observing, that if the plaintif He comes into Court, and cries * fail to prosecate his su for si dohai of every Hakim, but to no weeks, without valid cause' as; purpose, unless he be fined for signed, it will be thrown oat, with contempt of Court. He courts costs. This is certainly cutting Vakeels but in vain, for they will the time rather close, let us see. have nothing to say to a ruined Reply thirty days, (viz., notice fif We will now.consider the teen and proclamation fifteen) recase of the plaintiff who has joinder ten ; total forty days ;- brought a just claim. He has only two days' grace are allowed been waiting patiently in Court ; to the plaintiff, and when we rehe has paid for serving the notice flect on the inevitable delays which and for isguing the proclamation. must occur in passing each order : The latter he knows is for fifteen and entering it in the proper redays, so he returns to his village. gister, that Sundays and other ho- The defendant, however, now lidays will intervene, and that the makes hisappearance at once. The Judge has to attend to Revenue,'. Judge, who has read none of the Criminal, Polico, Treasury, and papers, passes an order for a ram other duties, it will scarcely ever joinder, juwdb-ul-juda, to be give happen that these forms can be en within ten days. After that gone through in less than two time has expired the Serishtadar months : rarely so speedily; and if brings a heap of misls or eases, these rules were strictly enforced, and this among the rest, and nine' out of ten of the small cases, says that the plaintiffs have not in which it would not pay to ernfiled their rejoinder, on which the ploy a Vakeel, would be dismiss- Judge gives the laconic order,ed by default. We know of two “Kharij, dakhil duftur," " dis- "« dis Judicial Officers wliq, when roi missed, sent to the records.". The buked for the delay which had Serishtadar amplifies the word occurred in deciding suits, gave ing, and the cases are consigned an order to strike ofr all cases to oblivion, while he congratulates which had begla pending more the Judge : " Huzoor ke iqbal se than six weeks, and in which the is mahine men karguzari bain four papers had not been filed : kut." "By your Honor's for i of course the file was at once tune a vast amount of brasiness has leared of all the small suits in been transacted this month." The which Vakcols had not been em. plaintiff røturns by the fifteenth ployed Viewing this question as day, and inds, thiş dismayed pure abstract theory, it certainly that his claim has been dismina.. appears to be questionable policy ed by default! But omitting to apply the same rules of prothe above mishape, which may cedure to a buit for two rupees be suppored by some to be mere eight annas, and to one of two ly hypothetical, we will imaglia and a ball lacs. Che sait to be landed safely. Thus who's his ow# Lawyer has far, and that the plaintiff has filed fool for him client, may be his rejoinder. The defendant to very good diotum, there is now called on for his replication, thing waart in the antikente * The man ·806 Rough Notes on the - which we like. It may too be a suits under the simplest as well sound maxim. Vakeels may be as the most cumbrous forms, good men, but they will not, from We have completed our exafeclings of benevolence, attend to mination of the pleadings, to the petty claims on which the 5 per consideration of which the first cent, allowed by law would not clause of the section under review be an adequate remuneration. has been devoted. The prelimin Even the parties themselves of nary skirmishing is at an end. ten prefer to forego a just glaim, The ranks of the suitors have or patch up an unjust compro- been greatly thinned. The small mise, to continuing a harassing men have retired in sheer, disattendance at Court for several gust; the faint-hearted have months. This we believe to be compromised the claims made not an abstract theory. In one against them. Others have now Court in which Vakeels abound, ex-parte decisions, and are biding no less than 20 per cent. of the their time against their unconentire number of suits instituted scious victims. A few men still during the year had been dismiss. remain, a brave crew, whose Vaed by default. Figures it will be keels, like able pilots, have safely urged are fallacious : granted steered their barks through the but in this case the returns pro• shoals of the preliminary pleadnounce their own condemnation. ings; they have large sums at. It will be, no doubt, urged that stake, and they threaten the Asthese forms have been devised by sistant that they will appeal again old and wise heads; that they have and again till they obtain their long been in operation, and that ends. ends. He, poor man, now looks the countries in which they have at the pleadings, then at the Vaexisted in full force have prosper-, keels, but grows no bit: wiser. ed under their benign influence. Why should he the truth, has This may be all true, and we have been studiously concealed. No had no experience in the working one will volunteer to concede, in of the Civil Courts in the older and these artfully drawn up documore settled provinces ; but we ments, the most obvious admismay venture to suggest a doubt as sion. The Serishtadar observes to their suitability to a new coun the perplexity of his master, and try like the Punjab, We may even suggests that the parties, be callventure to hint that they are not ed on to produce their proofs. peculiarly popular even where Farikin wajah saboot : tardid they have been known the long dakhil karin. The Assistant ost; that the European Judges' greatly relieved, consent this who enter on their judicial du however is only the beginning of ties late in life, and who never see fresh troubles; each party may #case under 10,000 Rupees, bring his own witnessed and on except in appeal, do not por, any day he may think proper, sess the same close, insight into so that it is rarely the witnes&es the working of the system, 16 are confrontod with the opposite those men who have worked at a party, and.neyor that all witnesses more observent sge" Assistants of both sides are brought together in the Punjab, and who have iher at once charge ure now: tried larga maasendar original continually brought forward that . .

·Civil Administration of the Amritsar Distriot. 60 ml > the opposite party have tampered proofs and evidence adduced by with their own witnesses, Here the conflicting parties themselves,', allow tas' to suggest that there, but unbiassed witnesses, uncòri." seems to be something faulty in nected with either side, he is on our examination of witnesses in no account to make one single Europe, wleta the love of truth effort to discover , although it is may be aupponad to be stronger from such a source alone that the than in Asia, it is an invariable dimmesť spark of the light of rule to fix a day for a bearing of truth can be reflected on the ge a suit, when all the parties may nuine merits of the case. . Let Attend with their proofs, and the not the reader suppose that such merits of the case can be fairly witnesses are nowhere to be found. silted, and the parties allowed an In' almost every case of contested opportunity of cross-examining inheritance, or of family disputes the witnesses. The attetidancer among a brotherhood, it is possiof the parties in person is also ble, though often a matter of no now very generally required., slight dificulty, to find men, mur- Let us see how this principle tual friends of the litigant parties, may be made to apply to Indian who, when called upon in the pres Courts. The natives of India' sence of both sides, will give a true are not naturally prone to speak narrative of the facts, though, had the truth when contrary to their they been appointed to decide the interest. But that they are all at case as arbitrators, they might terly without consciences, we de have become wavering and parny: 'many will prevaricate who tial judges. will not tell & downright false The Judge should endeavour to hood; many will toll a falsehood make the parties regard him in by proxy, who will not do '80 the light of a friendly arbitra. themselves ; many will tell a tor. In the language of the coun. falsehood themselves in the abi try, he should stand forth as the sence of all who know it to be Great' Punch ready to adjust all such, but would hesitate to do so differences as they arise. He before those whom they would should weigh evidence and prothereby injure, or even in the babilities, and not merely count presence of disinterested persone proofs. It shopld be clear to all acquainted with the facts. In a parties that the decision emanates new country these principles 'ex from himself, and that he has not ert'a palpable induence--they de- coat his own proper responsibility serve to be cherished and imam on inadequately paid and ill-edu. proved by demonstrations of th. dated asgerdors. The late Compartial interest in the welfare of masioner of the Lahore Division the litigant parties, and not has perhaps done more than any blighted by the introduction of a brher man in India to disseminata system of cold and rigid farme. just notions' on questions of pro- But the exclusion of all impár: ondure and evidence. We teet tia testimony #ould seem to be full confidence, that wherever he the great time of our system of may go, he will make the cause Civil procedure. What saith the of real and substantial rade sa Code The Jadict Officer ts peruede the systems or che ha enjoined to receive and hear the dows. He was the one to point.

·men. 608 Raugh Notes on the out the evils arising from an in- versary, or elsa appoint á friend discriminate recourse to arbitra as ignorant as himself, who try tion. Verily the name of Munsif opposing the abatinacy of sheer stinketh in the nostrils of the stupidity to the craft of the oppeople of the Punjab. It had posite party, will effectually prebeen the practice in many districts vent the possibility of any deci. to entrust the Civil work to the sion whatever. least officient officer, with whom It is not uncommon for the a decision of some sort lecame losing side to prevail on his asthe sole object ; either the case sessor by pleading illness or urwas dismissed on default, decided gent business, to withdraw from esc-parte, compromised between the arbitration altogether, and the parties, or refurred to a cou thus prevent a decision. The ple of bunniahs, dignified with the case will draw along its tardy appellation of arbitrators. But course till more months lave to make himself ster of the been sutiered to elapse than there customs of the country; to endea are rupees in the claim, and the vour to comprehend the popular costs have swelled beyond the habits of thought ; to obtain the amount of the original suit. At surest sanctions towards checking last, when the patience of both fraud and perjury never for a mo parties has been thoroughly exment occurred to such hausted, a compromise is patched Their idea of Civil justice never up, and eagerly received by the extended beyond signing, thcir Court. Even when the assessors initials to formal notices, or to the desire to give a fair decision, they confirmation of the decisions giv are rarely at the pains to sift the en by a coople of peddling huck- merits of the case, but decide on sters. Under such a system the the bare statement on oath, (nem unfortunate agriculturist, for de. dharm) of the parties. fendants are ordinarily of this Charges of corruption are freclass, invariably went to the wall. quently brought against the as- An astute Muhajan would rake sessors, but are rarely proved, or from oblivion .bad book-debts al indeed scarcely even investigate most forgotten, and abandoned ed. We have seen one instance as' irrecoverable. The defendant in which the arbitrators, taking , would throw himself on the Court advantage of the absence of one and crave a decision from the of their number, made a false Judicial Ollicer, but his prayers entry in the account baoks of the were met by the invariable order plaintiff, by which he was made to appoint a Münsiff. The plain- to appear a debtor to the defendtiff, a burniah, who had come into ant. They were brought to trial, Court with account books the and convicted for this offence, but length of his arm, had already long subsequent to the transacnamed as his assessor one of his tion. own class, perhaps one of hils. We have thus noticed in brief partners. The defendant is not " outline: some of the most app in an equally fortunate position,' rent defects in our general sya. Ilis brethren are fliterate rus. tem of Civil procedure, but in the tics, and he mugt either name bis more minuta details of execution assessor from the class of his ad- there is much room for reform. 1 .

·1 Civil Administration of the Amritsu! Detrict.' 609 The pay of the peops'' is small hore. Tlie péon often reaches his and uncertain ; their appointment, destination after the magical periin reality, if not always in name, od of fifteen days allowed for rerests with the Nazir ; very little ply has expired--for many Courts supervision is exèrcised over this adhera religiously to the letter of department by the district officer the Law-though it is manifest, who generally regards the filuba- that by the means of conveyance na as a source from whence to they employ, the object of the support other establishments, and notice is frustrated, and Civil prowho sees little of the Civil work cedure rendered a mischievous except in hearing appeals. The farce. - Here we find stern facta forms of process are written in more absurd than the keenest the Persian character, and in satire, and the delicious descrip. that mongrel jargon of Arabic, en tion of the vagaries practised grafted on the Urdu idiom, which by the imaginary Philosophers of is intelligible only to people vers. Laputa, surpassed by the rules ed in the dialect of the Court designed by our Legislators to Amla. Much needless delay and determine the disputes between expense is caused by forwarding man and man. through peons notices of ac To recapitulate, it may be suption, and copies of issues, on posed that we are inclined to unwhich evidence is requirod in dervalue the importance of known cases where the party, for whose and constant rules in matters of information the process is intend Civil procedure. This we deny. ed, resides in a distant locality. Theory and practice can never in To one unacquainted with the reality be opposed. But the mysterious ways of Civil Courts, only sound theories are 'sacla as the Post Office would sçem to be. are elicited by the induction : the most natural, as it certainly is, from a long and careful examithe cheapest and more expeditious nation of facts. We maintain mode of conveyance. These no. that our forms of procedure are tices might be forwarded to the not only unsuited to the character Deputy Commissioner of the dis of the nations for whom they have trict where the defendant resides, been framed, but that they are and served by him, and the ex- contrary to those first principles pencos of the process subsequent which should regulate the desin y adjusted between the respectivo patch of business in every climate. Courts. We recollect an instance As Roussedu playfully remarked in which both the litigant parties we cannot hinder an earthquake were Europeans, and the process, by building a great city near à to be served was merely a copy of buuing mountain, the grounds of appeal for the We have shewn that it is uninformation of the respondent. Wise to apply the same rules to a The fee of the peon for his little suit for a few rupees as should walk of 320 miles was 10 Rs. 8 be laid down for the investigation annas. In another case we heard of a claim involving property to of a notice of action being sent the value of several lacs. That by peon the entire breadth of the it is unwise to insist on the paine Punjab: we have seen severalcar: complicated series of pleadings, ried in this way from Delhi to La- petition of plaint; reply, rejoin- - ·010 Rough Notes on the ܫ der, replication in every case, when the petition of plaint was whether the suit be for foreclosure filed, to question the plaintiff as to of a mortgage duly registered and the grounds of his clain, and the clearly proved on the first pro nature of tho, proofs it was in ceedings instituted, or a plaint on bis power to adduce. Upon this a note of band, or a suit to oust a hearing, in al small cases, it was defaulting tenant from the dwell the custom to furnish the plaining house of the plaintiff; or, whe tiff with a peon to summon his ther, on the other hand, the claim witnesses, and at the same time be one of gigantic proportions, direct the attendance of the deand involving complicated inter- fendant. The case was generally ests, as sometimes occur between decided ortadjusted between the the partners of a wealthy firm. parties on this first hearing. Of The first mentioned classes of the 0122 cases decided in the Civil cases ought to be disposed Amritsur Courts, 2138, or almost of summarily on the depositions 35 per cent. were adjusted by the of both parties, and, indeed, often parties themselves. The policy on the mere affidavit of the plain- of allowing suits to be adjusted tiff, and the production of the ne by compromise has been much cessary documents. Such deci- disputed. Many high authorisions should not be set aside on ties affirm a withdrawal or acappeal, till the opposite side has knowledgment of the claim, or a established a charge of direct decree on the proofs adduced, to fraud or perjury. At present be the only proper modes of termis-statements may be made minating litigation. Be this as with nearly perfect impunity-a it may, there is one fact worthy of fine on the pleader is the utmost notice, as showing how similar penalty imposed even by a se results may be produced by envere Judge. In the investiga- tirely opposite causes. The protion of the more difficult suits the portion of claims adjusted by Judicial Officer should be assisted compromise, in a Court where by professional accountants, duly the administration of Civil justice sworn and adequately remunerat has been perhaps the inost tardy ed. The opinion and advice of an and defective of any in the Punimpartial jury should be taken, jab, is almost exactly the same as but the Judicial Officer should that given above for the Amritsur himself sift the proofs, and make Court; viz., 862 out of a total of himself master of the merits of 2527 cases disposed of. No. statement of the average time In the system of procedure to occupied in the decision be adopted, & clear, line of dis suits was kept for this district, tinction should be drawn between but it certainly was langer, even Buits in which both parties reside than in most of those oxber offiin the vicinity of the Court, and ces, where the former system of the claim is of small amount; and procedure has beon retained. those in which either of the par. This may be generally set down as ties, have removed to another between three and four months ; district since the cause of motion a period far too long, when we arose. It has always been the consider that this average is practice in tlie Amritsur district, taken on all suits, whether for a the case. C 1 ·We Civil Administration of the Amritsur District. 611 rupee or for a lac of rupees, and wife," replies the defendant. The for all cases however disposed of, Judicial Officer will now, perhaps, including such as are dismissed by endeavor to get proofs, and decido default, compromised between the to the best of his judgment. The parties, or where the defendant has plaintiff is told to give a juwd. confessed judgment. The worst ul-juwib or replication, but find, feature of the administration of ing this inconvenient, he retires the office, which we have adduced to his home, and takes the respite as a type of the old system, is that of six, weeks allowed by law. He the smallest claims, when contest then returns to the charge. The ed, occupied the longest period defendant, tired by long delay, lias of time, and it seemed as if the abandoned the field, and the plainparties in such cases regarded the tiff gets a decree ex-parte. The Civil Court as an arena where. defendant appeals, and the case is on to exercise their skil, at remanded for a now trial. The legal thrust and parry, and the old game is repeated till the pacourse of Civilistice a sort of tience of the parties is exhausted, small sword pleading. The plain and the case is withdrawn by tiff makes a lunge with an itilu- compromise. namah, defendant falls back a step, and is proclaimed non est in The administration of Civil ventus ; plaintiff advances--thrust justice is a topic of too great nain quarte with an ishtihar, parry tional importance to be made the with a jawdb-dawa. Another subject of jest or satire. thrust, by plaintiff, in tierce with have given these stray thoughts an application for arbitrators. which we have jotted down in Both cry, hold ! enough! and a stray moments, that the Indian truce is made. The case is now public might view the experience sent to two bunniaks, who sit in of an official who has worked in a their shops doing little or routine of technicalities run mad, thing; a muckoorie sits alongside, and who has sinco worked under drawing his daily pay, and in no a man who bas known bow to com hurry to bring the business to a bine despatch with efficiency, and close. The plaintiff grows impa to obtain great results with motient, and applies to tho Court to derate means. „We shall close our take the proofs and decide on the remarks for the present time, purmerits. The application is refused, porting to revert to this subject as the Judicial Officer has no wish ze some future day. The evils of to bring on the combat again in our system of Civil procedure have his presence. A petition is given 'already attracted the attention of against him to his superior, the but rulers in the Punjab. New Depaty Commissioner, that the ar rules, which we doubt not will be bitrators have taken bribes, and better calculated to obtain the interlocutory order is sent to the ends of Civil justice, will be prolower Court to appoint other mulgated, and we cannot better Munsifs. Then the passage of conclude than by wishing every arms is renewed " Your Munsif success to men whose great aim is does not suit me," says the plain- to learn the wishes of the people, tiff to the defendantm- your Mun ascertain existing defects in the sif is fifth cousin to your uncle's working of our various systems VOL. II.-NO, VII. noan ·612 Rough Notes, &c. Revenue, Civil and Police, and to and the great ends to be severalapply to each, improvements most ly obtained. in unison with tho popular feeling, THE HERMIT OF THE CHENAB. Statement of Civil Cases, decided during the Year 1851. On their Merita. Ву By Arbitration. Razcenana. TOTAL. 184 53 29 200 93 25 85 203 By Deputy Commissioner, Coventd. Assistants,... Native Assistants,... Tehsildars........ 229 76+ 2556 1563 1574 263 1260 3097 Grand Total,...... 3414 570 2138 6122 Statement of the Average Number of Days taken in the Decision of Civil Cases in 1851. Cases. Days. Each Case. 51575 9 days 12 hours. 5129 707 23331 From 1 to 100 Rs. 100 to 1,000 1,000 to 5,000 Above 31 days. 48 days. 24. 1152 " 5,000 » 5 1314 262 days 19 hours. Total,... 6165 77372 12 days 13 hours. RM ·[ 618 ] SENT OUT TO INDIA ; A TALE. (By the Author of " My Uncle Bon's Courtships.") CHAPTER I. TII E SISTERS. It was a pleasant evening in with the eyes than the lips, as is the glowing month of June. A often the case with lovers, but shower had fallen in the afternoon, contriving nevertheless to underand had cooled the air, and laid stand each other very well. The the dust, and lent new beauty to birds, having to rise betimes, the trees and flowers, which glis- were retiring early to their Icafy tened in the rays of the setting sun dormitories, but numbers of inas though bedecked with jewels. sects were floating about on the Labourers were wending their way summer air, or buzzing rapidly homeward from their work. Chil through it, unconscious, may-be, dren were playing in the roads and of the extrempe brevity of their green lanes: sonne scampering life, but evidently determined to about like mad creatures ; others make the most of it. The scent flying paper kites, and watching of roses, and pinks, and geranithem, as they rose, with the great ums, and mignonette, and other est interest; others, again, de odorous flowers, mingled with voting their skill and energy to the soft evening breeze, and was the - Old English Game," of really quite overpowering in the cricket, bowling with their utmost neighbourhood of the gardener's force, “batting" with emulative coltage, where the floral wealth science, and "fielding" with an clustered in richest profusion. activity and precision worthy of The gardener's cottage was adult players. Here and there, just at the corner of the road. you would see a slim uursemaid, which branches off from the highcarefully taking home "the baby," way, and leads to Elfdale, the fa. while the penultimate member of mous old seat of the Thelstunes the family, a chubby-cheeked, of Elfwood. It was a pretty cotlaughing little fellow, would cling tage enough, but always appeartightly to her skirts, and occasion-ed so däzzlingly white, that some ally obstruct her progress, not- igporant folks in the village averwithstanding earnest implora- red that it was whitewashed tions. Walking about the mea nightly by the fairies ; and you dow, close to the green hedge had so much difficulty in deterand shúnning the noisy mining its exact shape and diboys at their play, were a few niensions, amidst the trees, and young couples, whom fute had shrubs, and bushes, and flowers thrown together, and who proba- of all sorts, in which it was enbly contemplated a nearer con bosomed, that you felt at a comnexion ere long : talking low they plete loss with respect to the were, and saying more perhaps order of architecture (if any) to rows, ·614 Sent out to India. Tale, which it belonged, and were sore coming more scanty, and two ly tempted to anathematise the motherless and portionless girls old gardener, who, in the flush of depending wholly upon him for his professional pride, had thus support; he neither had the enerenveloped his dwelling with a gy nor the power to strike out a preposterous profusion of greene new path in life, but felt comries. On a rising ground, å hun pelled to sit down and drink the dred yards or so from this “cot cup he had poured out for himtage in a nosegay" (as wouise self, bitter as it was. Little did Devigne used to term it) there he complain to those about him, stood a plain, modest house of for his spirit had already derivtwo stories, with a little lawn in ed from calamity the capacity of front, and some well-arranged endurance; but there were times garden plots, where the old gar. when, looking in the fair faces of dener of Elfdale often did an his daughters, or thinking of them hour's work, more for love than at night, seated alone in his stuprofit," and in which were some dy, questions would arise, and l'emarkably fine plants, that had reflections occur, to his widowed been presented to the owner by heart, that made it beat fast and - eminent or wealthy persons in audibly, and sent the tears rushtimes gone by. This house was ing to his eyes. occupied (at the period we write Mr. Devigne was a lover of naof) by a gentleman named Ralph ture. Lady Thelstane of Elfdale, Devigne, and his two daughters, who gave much of her time to Miriam and Louise. Through the study of botany, would often out the village of Elfwood, there come to consult him upon matwas not a more notorious fact ters connected with her favourite than the poverty of this family; science, while testy Sir Roderick, yet was Mr. Devigne universally her spouse, whose whole heart respected for his uprightness, ad was in agriculture, considered his mired for his talents, and beloved judgment of no mean value in for his nrany virtues, his kind questions relating to farming, disposition, and his unassuming and the rotation of crops. The mariners. He had embraced the old gardener, regarded hin: as a literary calling in early youth, perfect oracle. Lancelot Smart, and had neithor wholly failed nor the village Doctor, who divided entirely succeeded in it. llappy his attention pretty equally befor him if he had done either the tween physic and cntomology, one or the other! Had he failed would sometimes spend an entire utterly, he might have betaken hour in eliciting Mr. Devigne's himself in time to some other and opinions on the habits of the more lucrative profession, but the grasshopper, or the connecting opening of his carger had been link between the moth and the bright and promising, and he had butterfly. Though neither a poet met, for some years, with a mea nor a painter, beautiful scenery sure of encouragement that had had to him a peculiar charm; and induced him to devote himsat ex. when he walked forth, whether clusively to letters, so that when for exercise or recreation, his obat the age of forty he found his servånt eye, and reflecting mind, health declining, his earnings be found delightful and profitable ·Sent out to India-A Tale. 615 She may employment in scanning objects the more animated and mirthful which the common order of man traits of her younger sister. In kind are prone to pass by unheedher eyes, however, you saw glancing, or 'regard with the feeble ing occasionally a light which, homage of a conventional admira though it lent thein brilliance, tion. But on the evening of seemed to say that her soul conwhich we speak, Mr. Devigne tained latent fires of passion seemed to have no eye, no soul, which the troubles or temptations for anything that was passing of life might some day kindle into around. He walked, stick in flame. It was an expression well hand, along the road, and up known, but difficult to describe. the little avenue that led to Looking upon the fair but more his house, evidently in a mood childish form and face of Louise of deep abstraction. Every now with her hazel eyes and auburn and then he would strike a stone hair, the obscrver would say: from his path, or go out of his that girl may pass through a way to smite down an unoffend thousand trials--care may cloud ing thistlo, without, however, it her brow-sorrow may take away was obvious, having any distinct the lightness of her step and the idea of the acts he was commita music of her voice. ting. Something lay at his heart be betrayed, wronged, oppressed, heavier than stones, and sharper insulted, but whatever her fate, than thistles ! she will be truthful and loyal- He passed through his garden hearted to tlie last. gate, and found his two daughters But looking at Miriam, he busily engaged in plucking flowers, would say : as her life may be, so and forming, as they said, " such beautiful bouquets." will her character prove. Love her, cherish her, shield her with " Are not these lovely roses ?” said Miriam, as he approached. protagting care, win lier with affec- “And look, dear papa," added tionate kindness, and she will be Louise, the veritable angel of her father's 56 what sweet carnations. dreams. But the world has cares Now really they are magnificent ! that may crush her, tenptations I am sure old Robert could not produce finer ones, for all he is she may not be able to resist. She will not submit tamely to 80 proud of his garden." 5 Fine flowers, fine flowers," wrong. She will not readily forgire insult. If the heart whererepeated Mr. Devigne, mechanically, and looking at his daugh- struck, flame will come forth to in so much fire slumbers be ters, not at the nosegays. Miriam might be called a rescorch the striker, even though it should reduce its own habitation ally beautiful girl. Tall and slight, to ashes. she had placid and regular features, large dark eyes, and black “My dears," said Mr. Dewavy hair, which was parted neat vigne, in his usual kind manner, ly across a smooth high forehead. " Come in for a moment, I wish The contour of her face was exto speak to you." ceedingly fine, and there was a “Oh! why not say it here, paseriousness and dignity about her pa," said Louise, “ how can we which contrasted strikingly with go in, this beautiful evening ?" 19 ·016 Sent ont to India- Tale. my brother ? "Of course you may return deavoured to he kind to you, and again. I shan't keep you long, to do my duty towards you, and I So run in with you, directly." fully understand how girls like And Mr. Devigne, assuming a you must feel when sent forth to gaiety he did not really feel, pre a foreign land among comparative tended to chase the two pretty strangers. Now, don't cry, foolgirls into the cottage. ish ones," he said, observing that “ My children," he said gravc the big tears were rolling down ly, leading them to the window of the checks of his daughters. the little sitting room, and stand. “ You inust hear me out. God ing betwecn them as he spoke, knows I have worked hard, and " lieten to me. I have some that if I thought it for your good, thing to tell you. To-day I have I would toil day and night to received a letter from provide the means of maintaining in India, from Major Devigne. our position, and settling you ad- He was a wild, reckless fellow; vantagcouly, but my health, as you but twenty years have brought know, sinks under this incessant him greater gifts of fortune than labour, this ceascloss wear and tear have fallen to my lot. He is ex of body and mind, and if I do not tremely well off, whereas you take some such step as I am conknow I often have to struggle templating, perhaps my life inay hard, I won't say to avert star be the forfeit, and then, my swcet vation, but at any rate to keep up girls, what would become of you a respectable appearance--and all Many a dismal thought had crossthat. Well, my dears, Everard ed my mind on this subject before is married, and has children, but I received my brother's letter. knowing how poor, how very The Doctor had said, you must poor, I am, he has offered to re not work, it is this desk labour ceive you both into his family in that is killing you by inches; and India, to introduce you to suciety, I had replied, the labour that is and to settle you comfortably in killing me is giving bread to my life. Duty and feeling, my pets, children, and work I must. But often have tough battles; and I now a way of escape from the confess they have had a terrible difficulty presents itself. You conflict with me this afternoon. will go abroad. With my bro- But duty has gained the victory ther's aid, you will assume the and-and-I am glad of it. I have position to which your birth and resolved on sending you both out." education entitle you. In time, These last words were stam you will get good husbands; and mered forth by poor Devigno in ere many years are past, I shall a tone as little allied to gladness doubtless see you both again. a8 can be well conceived. It is a sacrifice I am making, “Now, my dears," he conti oh! a bitter, bitter sacrifice, but, nued, glancing first at one and my children, it is inevitable, and then at the other of the amazed God's will be done !" girls, I know you won't like to No, no, no, father!” cried leave home, True, home not poor Louise, half choked with her what it and to bo when my poor, sobs, " I will not go. th, svo when your poor mo work for you. Let Miriam work ther waMeclic, but still, I have en- We can do any thing. 14 Let me for you.

·Sent out to India A Tale. 617 port, and You don't know how much we den again, and finish gathering can do. Only let us stay in the the flowers for your noscgays." dear old house, with our dear pa The girls did not return to the pa. I hate India. I can't bear the garden. The second sorrow of name of it. I don't want to go into their life (the first was when their society and be settled in life.' mother died) had come upon them, Miriam replied more calmly : and although Mr. Devigne went “ Father, this must not be. If into his study and left them free you have a duty, we have one too. to do as they wished, they re- Ill as you are, we will not desert mained standing by the open winyou. We will toil for your sup dow talking mournfully, and in a you shall lay down your low tone over their altered poser pen till your health is fully res pects. The flowers they had tored." plucked lay unhoeded on the ta. "My darlings," said Devigne, ble. Others as fair and as sweet. " this is like you, this is what I were in the garden, but the tearexpected. But my mind is made fui eyes of the two girls looked: up. I have considered the subject not near them. And when twi. in all its lights and bearings ; and light passed, and the glorious having recognised my duty to do moon rose to keep watch for a the best I can for you, and deter- few short hours, till dawn, the mined solemnly what that. best sisters retired sadly to their little is, why there remains no more to roon, and for the first time for be said. And now," he added, five years cried themselves to kissing them,)“ go into the gar- sleep locked in each other's arms. i CHAPTER II. THE HOUSE-KEEPER, MB. Devigne was firm to his niary matters connected with the purpose. His brother the Major, business in hand. Everything with an agreeable mixture of was soon arranged : a roomy cam Saxon foresight and Oriental li. bin was engaged for the girls on berality, had enclosed in the let board the good ship l'lamborough ter which contained the offer res Castle, of 1400 tons, Captain pecting the young ladies, a note Theophilus Todd, and Miriam addressed to his Agents in Lon and Louise undertook a journey don, requesting them to make, at -indeed more than one journey his expense, all the necessary ar. -to town; for the purpose of rangeraents for the passage of the buying things for their "outfit,** Misses Devigne to Bombay, in a more in{portant matter then case his brother should determine than at the present day, when on sending them out. Ellwood, people may, in a few hours, and as you are aware, is not many with scarcely a particle of troum miles from London ; and Mr. ble, suit themselves with neces Devigne therefore required but saries for a voyage to the Antilittle time to wait upon the Man podes. jor's agents, and settle, in 'con There was another member of sultation with them, the pecu Mr. Dexigue's liouschold, wbqu.com ·618 Sent out to India - Tale. it was found desirable to take in dren, the baptismal ceremonies, to council at a very early stage of the faults of the educational systhe proceedings. This was no tem in byegone days, and so forth, other than the well known Mrs. that by the tiine she had arrived Comfit, whose celebrity, coin at the period of her being taken mencing in Elfwood, had gradu from school and sent daily with ally spread, in increasing circles, her brother Tom to an * Acadetill it embraced the whole coun. my" to learn dancing, the house try for miles round. Mrs. Com affairs (which could never go on fit's ostensible and recognised po satisfactorily for any length of sition in the establishment was time without her presence) would trate of house-keeper, but she call her away, and imperiously discharged wider functions, and necessitate a pause in her autoenjoyed greater privileges, and biography. On one occasion, we exercised more comprehensive believe, she got as far as sway, than fall (save in very raro proposal of inarriage, and have cases) to the lot of elderly ladies ing launched into a protracted filling that responsible office. and (as the girls thought) rather We have used the word "elder too general invective against ly," but for all Mrs. Comfit's un mankind, and then treated, at shapely figure, and the wrinkles large, on the question whether in her face, and the grey hairs a lilac or sea-green silk dress with which her locks were some would have best become her on what more than sprinkled, you her wedding-day, if she had must not suppose that much chanced at that time to get marabove forty winters had passed ried, -she gave promise of reover her natronly head. Per turning from these digressions haps the signs of age we have in to the point she started from, dicated had come a little niema. when, sad to say, the fact of turely, owing to some cu soincthing having" boiled oyer" misfortunes in early life. Mrs. in the kitchen, became evident Comfit may have been crosscd to the cars and nose of the narrain love-or had an indifferent tor, and with an exclamation of husband-or beert unfortunate dismay, she rushed froin the spot, in business--all these things have leaving her story unfinished to becn the cause ol' wrinkles and save a delicate stew from thrcat. grey hairs cre now. We know ened destruction! Mrs. Comfit that neither Miriam nor Louise had been ten years in the family ; could ever obtain from her an in and with all her foibles and petelligible account of her career : culiarities, she occupied so influ. she would often promise to tell ential a position, that in a matthein the whole story," and ter of such importance as the commencing, in her motherly intended departure of her two way, at the very beginning, with young mistresses, it was considered a circumstantial narrative of her only proper and right to consult birth, baptism, and schooling, her as soon as Mr. Devigne came would dash off, now, and again, to the determination which we into 80 many bttle homilies have recorded. Accordingly, Mior didactic deliverances, touch riam and Louise : repaired, on the sing, the nursing of young chil- morning following the scene des- 3 or ·Sent out to India-A Tale. 619 we 66 cribed in our first chapter, to the The young ladies, heavy heartlittle room where Mrs. Confit held ed as they were, could not refrain her state, undisputed empress of from smiling at the extraordinary the little domestic realm of the jumble which some very miscel- Devignes. laneous and undigested reading “We've some news to tall you, had created in the mind of Mrs. Mrs. Comfit," said Miriam : Comfit. are going to India." “ You are thinking of all the " To India," exclaimed the Indies put together, of the back. woods of America and of New house-keeper, opening her eyes Zealand-and Otaheite," said very wide with astonishment, and Miriam. “ There's nothing performance throwing down a large lamb'sticular to dread in India, except wool stocking which slie had been darning. " Oh dear me, the climate, and the distance from all wc hold dear." all amongst the loways, and the Ojibbeways, and the Cannibals, “ Don't tell me," replied the and the rattle-snakes, and the house-keeper : they are only Nabobs, and the Kangaroos, and trying to deceive you. It'e the the Mocassins ! Not you, my most 'orrible country in the whole dears. Who on earth has been world. It's full of scorpions and putting such nonsense into your buffaloes, and lions and tigers, heads ?" you will be stung to death by snakes, and devoured by hippo- “I wish it were nonsense, Mrs. potamuses, and find cockroaches Comfit," returned Louise--the in your shoes; and as for the tears starting into her eyes"but musketocs,-oh I never !" it's only too true. Papa has made “ But people live there note up his mind that we are to go out withstanding," suggested Louise. to Uncle Everard." " Live!" cricd Mrs. Comfit, "I never heard of such a contemptuously, and, what a thing !" exclaimed the old laly, life it is! They never go to no, never. What Mr. Church, I'm told, and their mo- Devigne be thinking of? With rals is shameful. The Rev. Mr. all his learning, it is clear le Pedley, who went out there to knows nothing about them parts. convert the heathen, told us in his Why, do you know the 'orrid sermon at the Bethel Meetingsavages tattoo themselves, and House, lliat the greatest hobs. eat their little children, and tacle he had to contend with in the women burn themselves to his self-denying labours was the cinders when their husbands die, downright indifference of the Luwhich they call Sooty. Oh! ropeans to religious things. Yos, such tales I've read of them In iny dvar yonng ladies! a country jins. They've tomahawks, too, where the Governor and Council. with which they attack the Chris- lors ride on the car of Juggerpaut, tian Missionaries, and when they while thousands of higporant don't scalp the English, they heathen himmolate themselves shut theịn up in a place they call beneath the wheels! Them were ! the Black Hole that's in Calcutta, his very wards.” where Captain Cook was murder How much more information ed." of a like original kind Mrs. Como VOL. II.NO. VII. 99 1 can PAR ·620 Sent out to India-d Tele. you, I think." fit might have imparted to her obdurate, they have not lessened young mistresses, we are unable the friendly feeling that has alto say, but at this point of the col ways subsisted between us. You loquy, a light knock was heard have been really a mother to my At the door, and after a quiet poor orphan girls." “May I come in ?" Mr. Devigne Mrs Comfit had remained entered the apartment. standing, and she had curtsied “Oh! Mr. Devigne," said once or twice as a sort of acknow. the house-keeper, imploringly, ledgment of the favorable exare you going to send the dear pressions of opinion passed on her young ladics to India ?" by her esteemed master. When Most unquestionably," re. Mr. Devigne came to the words plied Mr. Devigne, calmly. “ orphan girls," she took up her « Then, sir," said Mrs. Comfit, handkerchief, and began to wipe rising with a vast assumption of the corners of her eyes. dignity," I can tell you that I will not go with them. Not I." “ Now," continued Mr. De- “I have not yet requested vigne,“ having formed so favorable an estimate of your character, " And it's of no use, Mr. Deand knowing how your many vigne. Life to me is no longer cares and kindnesses bad endeared what it used to be, heigho! but you to my children, I foll natursooner than go out to that 'orrid ally into the belief that being, as country, to be eaten up by a you are, without family or near hyæna, or a banyan, I declaro connections, it would be a prac- I'd throw myself into the Serpen- for you to accompany the girls ticable and beneficial arrangement tine. Mr. Devigne very quietly took during their voyage, and remain e chair. He was evidently quite they got a little settled, even if with them in their new home till uned to the worthy house-keeper, and to her peculiar ways of thinkyou did not stay with them alto. ing and acting. 66 The fact is, gether." Mrs. Comfit," he said, Mrs. Comfit now cried quite don't see the use of concealing it audibly. from you; I was going to ask "I am sorry," Mr. Dovigne you to accompany my daughters went on, " that I should have to Bombay." made such a mistake; but we of Mrs. Comfit looked as though. course, shall be the only sufferers. she knew that perfectly well, and You will easily obtain another did not need any information situation, for I can bear weighty about it. testimony to your merits; and " For these ten years past," I must go to town, and see if I pursued Mr. Devigne, " you have cannot secure the services of some been an inmate of my house, and other respectable female to accoma member, as it were, of my fapany my daughters. There are mily. You have been tristed, many persons advertising for emrespected: honored. We may ployment, who I dare say would occasionally have bed little difnot object to a voyage to lodia, ferences of opipion, but as I am notwithstanding the hyænas and Dt irritable, and you are not very the banyans !" " and I ·Sent on to India-A Tale. cer- " Lord, Sir !" cried Mrs. doar old Elfwood : but remem- Comfits “I has my prejudices; ber, the keenest pärting is for u, and to go out among the monkeys who are about to quit a parent'> and crocodiles is trying to a poor roof, and place thousand of miles unprotected female ; but you talk, between us and his protecting sir, so feelingly and affectingly, care and fond love. Remember that I can't really desert the poor that !" young ladies. I know what I Mrs. Comfit said it was all shall have to suffer. I am very true, and she would enden. tajn I shall die of sea-sickness, vor to reconcile herself to her lot. and that the cookery on board.. She had her ties, however, too, ship will be the death of me, and and should have many bitter part that the climate will be fatal to ings. There was the old gardener, my constitution, and that the wild who brought her a huge bunch of beasts will some day or other flowers every morning, which sha make a meal of me. But I will put into the handsomest sugarsacrifice myself for my young mis basin in the house-keeper's room, tresses. What is the world to filled with pure spring-water : me now? The flowers of life is Would not he miss her when she faded, as the Reverend Mr. Ped went away. Would not he past ley said in one of his beautiful her window with a heavy heart, discourses, and it matters little when, instead of seeing her similwhether poor Margaret Comfiting there as usual, as he approach. dies comfortably, in her bed, or ed, he descried only the dirty feabecomes a prey to the wandering tures of some slut of a maid-of jackal." all-work? And would not little "I knew how it would be from Sally, the milk-girl, (to whom she the first," said Mr. Devigne with gave a large slice of bread-anda smile. " Mrs. Comfit has not butter every afternoon) miss her been my house-kceper for ten too ? And would not Ben tbe years for nothing. I understand Butcher, for all his unproper her better than she understands jokes, feel lonesome when he herself." gave the meat into-other hands ? “O Mrs. Comfit !"cricd Louise, And would not Mrs. Pettitoe, the as her father left the room," I house-keeper up at Elfdale, mias am so glad you are going. We her friend at those nice little tex shan't be quite alone, at any rate. parties, which she had been wont You will try and keep up our spi- oto enliven with her characteristis tits,'won't you ?" passages of autobiography, her "No!" exclaimed the worthy contributions of culinary lore, her person, sinking into her chair, and valuable information regarding covering her face with her handforeign parts, and her animated kerchief. "I won't try and keep gossip about things in general, up anybody's spirits. It is of no and the society of Elfwood in par use. I shan't live long. We are ticular? And would not Miss all going to be hinamolated. Trimmer, the village drengmaker,:* “Nonsense !" cried Miriam : who so often came to ask her.adiy “ do show a littlo more firmness vice on matters connected with and wisdom. We shall all feel that sublime art, on the shape of leaving our pleaneat home, and stomachers, and to rise of dors, ·692 Sent out to India A Tale. unces, and the cut of sleeves, and cat, perhaps "not wisely, but toa the colour of ribbons, would not well," and bad loved it, and cheshe miss her very much indeed ? rished it, from very kittenhood ! As for the old gray parrot, who The young ladies having given swung on his perch in the great in to Mrs. Comfit's views on all Wire-cage in the house-keeper's these points, at last got the worroom, and whose behaviour had thy house-keeper into a better been reformed, and language pu and livelier mood ; and it is a rified, for he had been a rechiess, fact which we rejoice to record, swaggering, swcaring libertine of that notwithstanding occasional & parrot when first brought from relapses into melancholy musing, broad-monly by the most and one or two indignant outremitting care and attention on bursts against the climate, the the part of his estimable Miss- people, and the zoology of India, tress, Mrs. Comfit declared that and notwithstanding her baving she would certainly take him with dreamt, for two nights running, her, and restore him to the land of being attacked by a herd of of his birth, where perhaps in ourang-outangs, taken captive by time to come he might be her them, and subjected to the indigonly solace and comfort. The lazy nity of tattooing, the excellent tortoise-shell cat, which having woman threw her whole energies killed the very last rat and mouse into the busy work of preparation in the house, kad fallen into peace for the voyago, and rendered a ful and indolent habits, lying world of assistance to the girls before the fire in winter, and in selecting and making up varibasking in the sun in summer, ous articles of attire, and packing and really dreaming away exist the trunks and boxes destined to ence--that should assuredly go ve slipped on board the Flambotoo, for Mrs. Comfit loved her rough Castle. CHAPTER III. THE WRITER. The first shock over, cvils, with an appearance of cheerfulseen to be inevitable, soon grow ness ; and Miriam, though she familiar to the mind. There was made many attempts, could not so much to think and talk about, repress a growing feeling, that so much to do, and so much to there might be, in the life apon anticipate, in connexion with their which she was about to enter, approaching departure from home, something in store for her which that the Misses Devigne and would realise the proudest dreams the eccentric house keeper found of woman's ambition. She had themselves, before long, dwelling heard and read much of India ; a good deal less upon the event and though her perceptions of itself than upon the variety of lit that famed land were as yet netle incidents and arrangements to cessarily indistinct, she did not which it gave rise. Mrs. Comfit fail, in the warmth of youthful buntled about with marked ala. fancy, to clothe thena in rich and srity ; Louise perfarmed her part glowing imagery.

·Sent out to India- Tale. 823 Poor Mr. Devigne, on the and sinews,no heating of the other hand, took such little appa blood, -no tiring of the limbs ; rent interest in the preparations why should this be called toil? in progress around him, and pass Stay, the pen stops--there is a ed so much time writing in his long pause—what can be the obie, study, that an ordinary observer • stacle to progress? The books might have deemed his mind ab are again referred to. A nagasorbed in some great question far zine is taken up, hurriedly glanabove the level of the common ced ofer, and thrown down again. affairs of life. He had work to Devigne sits reflecting for some do. He was engaged upon an minutes ; then rises, and walks to article for a Review, a long and the book-case against the wati, elaborate article, illustrative of over which bangs the large pic- Spanish dramatic literature. It ture, lle takes out several vowas necessary that it should be lumes, one after another, but cancompleted by a certain time, just not find what he wants. The previous to the departure of his eyes are raised, and encounter the daughters, and he therefore wrote eyes of the lady in the picture. hard, and by a succession of pow llow like his daughter Miriam ! erful efforts, abstracted his atten Yes ; but the lady's hair hung tion in a great measure from the in long dark tresses over her neck busy proceedings of the house and shoulders, while Miriam's is hold. Was this unfeeling? Let not allowed such freedom. The us look in upon him, as he sits in lady's form was fuller than his his little room, bringing the ener daughter's. The lady had a more gies of his mind to bear upon the anxious expression of countenance subject he has taken up. Enter. than the girl liasas yet. What He is at the table pen in hand, a lovely arm! And oh! the soul and paper before him. A tall, seems still to be breathing from high-browed man, with calm blue eyes, and a face whose deep lines He had closed them in death. tell of many struggles, and much "My poor wife !" cries the thought. A pile of ancient-look widower, in hardly audible tones, ing books is upon a chair by his returning to his desk as he speaks. side. Every now and then he " Poor Ellen! pauses, to refer to one of these He takes up his pen again. volumes, and seems for a while He had wanted the date of publost in thought. Then he writes fication of an old tragedy, now on, completes a page, and takes almost forgotten. Well, he will a fresh sheet of paper. You see leave a blank for it, and go on. the pen travel rapidly and fancy, The pen moves once how easy, it is to write ! No Those eyes seem to be watching, Vestige here of the operation of him. Those eyes, which, when the primeval curse, " In the sweat he first caught their glance, had of thy brow thou shalt eat bread, up young soul with ardent As the lamp burns, so the hand passion, which had been won at moves, silently and unlaboriously. length to regard him with love Ideas flash across the mind, and and kindness which had cheated are recorded calmly and quietly: him with their warm brightness there is no straining of the thews in all seasons and all changes in those eyes. more. 02 lit his ·Sent out to India. Tale. life, which had gazed with un He can deny them nothing. utterable tenderness upon his It is far too late, he tells them, sleeping children,-- which, in the for young girls to be sitting up; hour of sickness, had received him but as they insist upon helping with their mild and loving light. him in his labours, he will not Still on the canvas they seeni to refuse their aid. So Louise site live and burn, but it is Devigne's down to translate a few remarks imagination rather than the pain- from a French Review, which ter's skill that restores thet pe Devigne thinks of quoting in his culiar radiance. They shine now article ; and Miriam takes her in heaven ! father's chair, and prepares to Now for the translation. The write out the fine speech, which he will dictate to her. It is fine speech from that noble old play. He knows the original Prince, who is supposed to have where Don Alonzo, & Spanish almost by heart, and there will be no difficulty in throwing it into won the love of the girl Isidora blank verse. He is going to as a peasant swain, comes to the cottage of his mistress, and throwcommence, when he hears footsteps, and the voices of his daugh- self, in his splendid and jewelled attire, as heir to the throne of Papa, may we come in ?" Spain. ters. Alonzo.-Behold me as I am! See to what height, Unreached by all thy hopes, and all thy dreams, My love will raise thee! 'Isidora. I could weep for wo To note this fearful change in him I love ! Thou art no more Alonzo! Do not frown, Nor turn aside thy head. Thou hast deceived me! Won my young heart to cast it to the winds-- Raised my fond lopes to dash them to the ground Plantcd affection but to blight its growth- Made me a widow ere become a wife- Killed thyself to me! Humble as I am, I could not share thy state nor grace thy throne, For even did law and custom not forbid The Prince of Spain to wed a peasant girl, And could thy people's sanction be procured To kuch unwonted union, still, this heart, With all its lowly wishes and desires, It's modest faith, and unanbitious love, Would soon be crushed beneath the dazzling load or regal greatness. Let me think thee dead ! Better be mourning over the early grave Of buried joys, than grasp at seeming bling That issues in delusion! Go, my friend, And seek some statel dame in whose pure veins The noble blood of Kings and Princes runs, Some high-born dame, who by thy side may stand Unblashing, when great Spain's nobility, Grace, Wealth, and Grandeur, come to pay thee court; Make her thy wife-she will be worthy of thee:

·Sent out to India- Take I could not bear the cold and scornful smile Of subjects, looking down upon their Queen, And making acts of homage proud rebukes; The just contempt of all these haughty ones Would weigh me to the earth; and if, perchance, Alonzo, wroth to find his peasant girl Shrinking, confused, from all his state and Glory, Should strike her with a frown,- then, great Heaven, What would become af bapless Isidora ? 91 Miriam paused when she had but in a palace. Not the wed. written the last line. “Is that ding wreath of simple flowers, but all?" she asked. a jewelled crown. Not the ruch. " That is all, my love." strewn floor, the deal table, and “I don't like the speech," said the ricketty chair, but the velvetshe. covered dais, and the throne 1 “ Oh, Miriam !" cried Louisa, Yet she-silly thing-must be who had been listening intently frightened at all this, and posi. instead of going on with hier tively reject the power and splentranslation. " Don't like it ? dour placed within her reach, Now I think it is beautiful." throwing away her lover at the " And what is it my volunteer same time. Really, I think such critic disapproves of ?" said a girl merits nought but the scorn Devignc. * I shall have no nd contempt it appears she was chance with the public after this.' afraid to incur." "I don't like the sentiments, "Miriam," said Louise, "if papa," replied Miriam. “If I any one offered to raise you so far had been Isidora, I should have above your station to surround said something very different, I' you with such unaccustomed splenthink. I should have accepted dours and luxuries—to render you my lover, for all his Rogal State, liable to secret hate, and halfhis splendour, and his jewels. concealed contempt for conscious The peasant girl, if she had pos short-comings-Would you be wil. Bessed intellect as well as heart, ling to encounter such a lot, for 'energy as well as affection, might the mere gratification of ambi. have soon rendered herself wor tion ?" thy of the Crown Prince. And "No," said Miriam, with anithen, with respect to the scornful mation ; " but if all the splendour smiles and proud rebukes of the on earth were offered to me by ladies and gentlemen of the court, one I loved, I would accept it I think Donna Isidora might willingly for the affection I bore easily have contrived to use her him, and set at defiance the hate position so as to punish condigply and contempt of the whole world !" such sad misbehaviour. Why, " A brave sentiment, assured-, here was a magnificent prospect ly," said Devigne, patting his opening before her. Fortune, daughter's cheek, "but I trust taking her by the hand, showed Miriam will never be placed in a her not only her lover at her feet, position to call for the display of but the way to reach, through such tremendous courage. Louise, him, the very pinnacle of world!y you do not agree with your siaambition. Not love in a cottage, ·626 Sent out to India - Tale. May I never be tempted, "I declare it's past 12 o'clock; father. I am as timid as the lowand you've I know not how much born damsel in the play." to do in the morning. “Sappose the lover offered The girls pleaded to be allowonly poverty, an ignoble calling, ed to remain ; but their father and a humble mind ?" suggested insisted upon their retiring, 80 Devigne, turning again to his eld- they kissed him tenderly, and left er daughter. the room. " I might wish to rise, father, The writer went on with his but should not desire to descend,' work. After finishing a few pagshe answered. Why ask me es, however, he threw himself * such questions? Neither prince back in his chair, looked hard at nor peer will fall to my lot; and I the sleepless eyes in the picture, am not one of those foolish girls, and seemed to be turning over in who think love no longer true if his mind events that had long its course run smooth, and who past-events living now only in regard an attachment as all the the pale light of memory, but more romantic if worldly pru nevertheless still clear and disdence forbid it, and the clouds of tinct. coming trials lour in the distance. " She is very like her mother," Could my heart be won by the he said half aloud ; ocry like. poor and mean, it would not But her eyes are darker, I think; shrink from any sacrifice such and she is of quicker temperaconquest might demand. But I ment, and more aspiring. May hope it is proof against any un God bless both my darlings, and worthy surrender." preserve them from the dangers Louise sighed. One she knew and trials of life! I shall be had already, in vain, offered an surprised if Miriam do not marry ingenuous mind, a warm heart, well. It will be well,' in the and an almost empty purse, at worldly, sense : and God grant not the proud shrine of Miriam's ill in other respects. Yet I shall beauty. If he had been rich cver be anxious about her. And and of high position, would how quickly the time flies! In Miriam have refused him? The a few days more they will be younger sister chased away the gone, and I shall be left alone ungenerous thought almost as Ah! ye who write of the pleasoon as it entered her mind. Who sures of solitude, would you cele. shall divine the hidden springs brate the joys of that waste which fron, which love gushes forth in the departure of the dear and woman's heart ? cherished leaves in the desolate “ Now run away to your beds, soul? It is the solitude of solimy children," Baid Devigne : tudes " ·Selections and Translations. F A BLI AUX. Love in the olden Time.* WHOEVER would wish to hear good verses Of the conduct of the old curinudgeon, Of two fair young children, Nicolete and Ancasins, Of the great toil he endured, And the prowess he displayed For his mistress of the bright visage. Of them is the lay, fair is the story And courteous, and well put together. No man is there so astonied, So doloful or embarrassed, Or aflicted with sore disease, Who, if he hear it, will not be cured, And filled with delight, So exceeding pleasant is it. Now THEY SPEAK AND RECITE AND FABLE. The Count Bougars of Valence and gentle and tall'and-well formed made war against the Count Garins as to his legs and feet, his arms and of Biancaire, so great and marvel body. His hair was fair, and hung lous and mortal, that there was not in short curls, and his eyes were A single cloudy day but that he was laughing and ever changing in hue. before at the gates and walls and The expression of his face barriers of the town, with a hun bright and prepossessing, his nosa • dred Knights and ten thousand fol high and well placed, and so strong. lowers on foot and an horseback, ly was he characterised with good with whom he harasgemal his country qualities, that he had none bad, laid waste his lands, and slew his büt only good. But he was surprismen. The Count Garing of Bian. ed (caught unawares) by love, who caire was old and feeble, and had conquers all, so that he would not out-lived his time. He had no heir, be a Knight, nor don his armour, neither son nor daughter, excepting nor go to tournaments, nor do any only one young man, who was such thing that he ought to do. His; an one as I shall tell you. Ancasins father and hit mother said to him, was the youth's name. He was fair " Son, put on your armour, mount was * Amours du bon vleux temps, is the name given by M. de Sainte Paiaye to nie trans. lation of this unique fablian. VOL. 11.NO. VII.

·Ixxviii Fabliaux. your horse, defend your lands, and has brought has brought her up, and has aid your inen: if they saw you baptized her, and made her hin among them, they would better de god-daughter. god-daughter. And one of these fend their persons and possessions, days he will give unto her a baand your lands and mine." chelor who will earn bread for her “Father,"replied Ancusins, "why with honor. But with this you have speak you of this ? Nover háy God nothing to do. And if you wish to bestowed upon me any thing that I have a wife, I will bestow ou you have prayed of him. Even were I the daughter of a King, or of a to become a Knight, I would not Count. There is no man in France mount my horse, nor go to combat, so rich, but that you shall have his or battle, where I might encounter daughter, if you wish it." " Alas! Knights, or any other folk, unless father," cried Ancasins, "what honor you give me Nicolete, iny sweet is there in all the earth so high, but mistress, whom I so fondly love." if Nicoletc my most sweet mistress "Son," answered his father, “this possessed it, would be well borne cannot be, Leave Nicolete in by her? Were she Empress of Conpeace, for she is a captive who stantinople or Gerinany, or Queen was brought from strange lands, of France or England, it would be and the Viscount of this city pur too little for her, so frank, courteous chased her from the Saracens, and debonair is shc, and so marked and brought her hither. And he with all good traits." HERE THEY SING. Ancasins was of Biancairc, Of a castle of goodly form. From Nicolete, the well made, No pan could draw him away, For that he wished his father would yield her to him, And his mother threatens him ! "Ah! ny son, what is this that you would du! Nicolete is prudent and gay, But she was cast hither from Carthage, And was bought of a Saracen. Since you wish to attach yourself to a wife, Take one of high birth." “ Mother, I can do no otherwise than I do ; Nicolete is debonair; Her graceful form and beauteous face, Her beauty fascinate my heart, And it is only just that I should love her, So sweet and gentle is she. HERE THEY SPEAR AND RECITE AND FABLE. . When the Count Garins of Biancaire saw that he could not withdraw his son Ancasips from his love for Nicolete, be sent to the Viscount of the city, who was, his liegarman, and summoned him., "Sir Count, take away Nicolete, your goddaughter. Cursed be the land whence she was brought into this country, for through her do I lose Ancasins, who will not be a Knight, or do any thing that he ought to do. And know well that if I have her in my power, I will burn her in a fire, and you too may fear for yourself," " Sire," answered the Vis- ,count," it grieves me that he comes to and fro and speaks with her. I purchased her with my own money, and brought her up, and baptized ·Fablian. Ixxix her, and made her my god-daugh, the Viscount was an exceeding ter. And I would have given to rich man, and he had a fine palace her a bachelor who should have which stood in a garden. In , earned bread for her honorably- high chamber of a very high story and with this your son Ancasins he placed Nicoletc, and with her would have nothing to do, Bat an old woinan to keep her company, since such is your good will and and for society, and in it he put pleasure, I will send her away bread and incat and wine, and all that into a country and land where he was necessary for them. Then ho. will never behold her with his sealed the door so that no one could eyes." " Well, look to yourself," any way enter in, or come out, exreplied the Count Garins, "for great cept only that there wos a very evil may perchance alight upon small window towards the garden you." Then they parted. Now by which they received a little air. HERE THEY SING. Nicole is in prison placed, In a vaulted chamber, Which was contrived with great cunning; Painted At the marble window The maiden leaned out. Her locks were flaxen, . And well formed her cye-brows : Her face clear and attractive. A fairer damsel you never beheld. She looked out into the garden, And belcld the rose in full bloom, And heard the chirraping of the birds : Then she cxclaimed against her orphan stato, “ W'oc's me! Alas! ine miserable ! Why am I put in prison ? Sir youth Ancasins, Long time past am I your friend, And you do not hate me; For your sake am I kept in prison, In this vaulted chamber, Where I shall lead a most wretched life. But by God the son of Mary, I will not long remain here. If I can do otherwise. TAEN THEY SPEAK AND RECITE AND FABLE. Nicolete was confined in the count of the city, and said unto chamber as you have just heard and him, “ Sir Viscount, what have you understood. The rumour and noise done with Nicolete, my very sweet of it went through all the land and mistress, the thing in all the world all the region that Nicolete was lost: that I loved the most? Have you Some said that she had fied away taken her away and stolon her from out of the country, and others said mc? Know well that if I die of it, that the Count Garins of Biaócaire an account will be demanded it had put her to death. Whoever your hands as is most just, for you else rejoiced at this, Ancasins was will have alain me with your two not pleared, but went to the Vis hands, in that you have carrjed off, ·K** Fabliau. the thing I most loved in this world." and unshod, and who are dying of *Fair Sir," replied the Count, " let thirst and cold Bud discomfort. bé. Nicolete is a poor 'creature I These are they who go into Parabrought froin foreign lands. I pur dise, with buch I have nought to do, 'chased her with my own money of but rather will I descend into Hell; the Saracens. I reared her and bap for into 'Hell descend fair Clerks tized her and made her my god and valiant knights, who have fallen daughter. I have nourished her in tournaments and great wars, and and will bestow her one of these days fuithful followers and free-hearted on a bachelor who shall gain bread mnen. With such will I rather go, for her with honor : with this you and with them go also fair courteous have nothing to do: bat take the dames, who have two or three lovers daughter of a King or of a Count. besides their husbands-and thither But little' would you have profited goes all the gold and silver and had you inade her your dame, and minever; and also harpers and minplaced het in your bed, for all the strels and the Kings of this world; days of this lifa your soul would with these I would rather go, 80 be in Hell, and never would you that I have Nicolete, my very sweet enter into Paradise." " What have mistress, with me." * Certes," re- I to do with Paradise? I seek not plied the Viscount, "to no purpose to enter there, but to have Nicowill you speak of it, for never shall lete, my very sweet mistress, whom you behold her; and were you to I so dearly love. Into Paradise speak to her, and your father came there go only such folk as I will tell to know it, he would burn both myyou'; thither, go the old Priests, and self and her with a fire, and you too the lame and the maimed, who all day might have great fear." s. This and all night spit before the altars sorc afflicts me," qouth Ancasins. and among the old tombe, and who Then he parted from the Viscount, wear, worn-out hoods and tattcred grieving at heart. old garments, and who are naked NOW THEY SING. + Ancasins turned away, Much afflicted and depressed For his mistress with the bright face : No one could comfort him, Or give him good advice. Towards the palace he went, And ascended the stairs, Intó a chamber he entered And began to weep And to indulge in great lamentation, And to regret the loss of his mistress. ** Nicolete, fair to remain, Fait to come and fair to go, Plebeant delight and gentle to speech, Pleasant to prattle and pleasant to sport, Pleasant to kiss, pleasant to embrace, For your sake am I thus grieved, And so hardly treated, That I scarcely think to survive it Dear sweet Hiend." Now. THEY SPEAK AND Recite AND FABLE. Whilst Ancasins was in the cham trens, the Count Bougars of Valence ber, and bewäiled Nicolete his mis who had to terminate his war, was ·Fabliauso. . not unmindful of himself, but aum-. that you can well do it, and do it moned all his men, both foot and you ought". "Father," said Anda. horse. And he went to the castle sins, "why do you speak thustNe and raised his war-cry and shout, ver has God granted unto, no and the knights and the serving aught that I have asked of him. men armed themselves and repaired Even were l'a knight, I would not to the gates and walle, to defend the mount my steed, nor go into battle, castle And tho townsfolk mounted to strike down knights and other the galleries of the walls, and threw men, unless you give me Nicolete, down javeling and sharpened stakes. my sweet mistress, whom I 40 fondly What time the assault was at its love." "Son," replied the father, height, the Count Garing of Bian " this cannot be. I would rather alcaire entered the chainber where low myself to be deprived of my be- Ancasins was bewailing and mourn ritage, and lose all that I have, than ing Nicolete, his very sweet mistress that you should have her for your whom he so fondly loved. wedded spouse. So he turned my so11, "he cried, " what a wretched away, and when Ancasjus pa'w that he and unhappy father do you behold. was going, he called him back." Fami They Assault your castle, the ther," "cried Ancasine, come back. "I strongest and the best, and if you will make a covenant with you. lose it, know well that you will be " And wbat, fuir son ?" " I will without inheritance. My son, take take my arms and go into battle, on now your arms and mount ou horse condition that if God bring me back back and defend our lande, aid your safe nud sound, you shall let me go into battle, for never yet see Nicolate, my sweet inistress, so have you struck down any man. that I may speak to her two or three Your men, if they see you anong words, and may kiss her once. them, will better defend their goods agree to it," answered the father. and their persons, your lands and He promises, but means to deceive mine, and you are so tall and strong Ancasins. * Ha, . IN men and (6 HERE TIRY SING. pure gold, Ancasing thought of the kiss he would have on his return, With a hundred thousand marks of purest gold They would not have inade him so joyful: He put on instantly arinour of steel, He put on a double hauberk, And laced his helmet on his head, He girded on a sword with handle of And mounted his charger, And took his shield and his lance, And he looked to his feet, And placed them well into stirrups, And a marvellous bold face he put upon it. His thoughts were of his mistress, As he spurred his charger. Most readily he rushed, Straight to the gate and joined the battle. HERE THEY SPRAK AND NARRATE. Ancasins armed himself and mount and his helånt on his head, and itcd his charger, as you have heard ted his sword on his left hịp1 And the and understood. Heavens! How young mau was tall and strong and he carried his shield round his neck, handsome and of gentle blood and ·Fabliaux. « Fait * Is well formed, and the horse on which your enemy, who has so long warred he sat was swift and powerful, and upon you, and has wrought so much the young man skilfully managed harm. Twenty years has this war bim in the gate. Deem not that he lasted, and never before could it thought of taking oxen, or cows, or be Anished by any man." gouts, or of smiting knights or other son," answered the father, “ you folk: no, not at all, not once did he ought to do deeds worthy of your think of it, but so much did he think youth, and not aspire after folly." of Nicolete, his sweet mistress, that Father," replied Ancasins, " do he forgot the bridle and all tbat he not go on sermonizing me, but fulfil ought to do; and the horse, when your covenant with sne. he felt the spurs, bure him away what covenant, fait son ?" # What! into the press of battle. And he father, have you forgotten it? By was carried into the midst of the my head; forget it who may, that enemy, and they thrust out their never will I, but firmly do I retain hands on all sides, and took him it in my heart. Did you not proprisoner. And they deprived him mise that if I took up arms, and of his shield and lance, and led him went into battle, that you would away. in haste, and already began to allow me to behold Nicolete, my talk of the kind of death he must sweet friend, so as to speak to her two muffer, and Ancasius overheard thein. or three words, and to kiss her once ; “ Ha! Heavens, he exclained, this was our covenant, and I mean "gweet Creator, are these my mor you to keep to it." "I understand tal enemies, who are leading ine you," said his father. May God deaway, and who are about to cut gert me if I keep my covenant with off my head; and when my head you, and were she here, I would burn shall have been cut off, never more her with fire, and you also may pershall I speak to Nicolete, my sweet chance have cause to fear." mistress, whom I go fondly love? that all?" asked Ancasins. "So help, I have yet a good sword, and sit on me heaven!" said his father, "yes. a good steed, refreshed with long Certes," continued Ancasios, "lam rest. The young man was tall much grieved that a man of your age and strong, and the horse he be should prove false. Count of Vastrodo was full of life, and he clap lence," he added, " did I not take ped his hand to his sword, and be you?" "Sir, in good sooth you did," gan right and left to hack at helthe Count truly answered. Give me mets, and laid on wrist and aru, your hand," said Ancasins. "Willand brought them to bay around ingly, Sir," and be placed his hand bim, like the wild boar, when the in his. “ Promise me this,' Ancasing dogs assail him in the forest. And went on to say, " that never, when he struck down ten of their knights you have an opportunity and power of and wounded sevens and forced his inolesting my father, or of injuring way in an instant tarough the press, his person or goods, will you omit to and returned back at a gallop, with do it." "Sir, I intreat you," he resword in hand. The Count Bow-plied, " do not mock at me, but regars of Valence had said that he ceive me to ransom. You cannot would hang his enemy Ancasins, if deñand gold or silver, horses or he took him, and Ancasins recog pallreys, minever or other fur, hounda nized him, and grapped his sword in or hawks, that I will not give you." his band, and smoke him full on the ** How is this," cried Ancasins, * did helmet. He was thereat.80 asto you not acknowledge that you were nied that he fell on the ground, and my prisoner ?" « Šir, yes," replied stretched out his hand to Ancasins, Count Bougars. "May Heaven dewho took him, and led aim away by gert me," resuned Ancasing, “if I do the npse-piece of his casque, and not wake your head fly off, if you delivered him up to his father. do not promise tne this." "In God's * Father," said - Ancasins, behold name," said the other, “I promise 1 1 ·Fabliaru. lxxxül whatever you please." So he pro-' self mounted another horse, and mised it, and Ancasins made him escorted him until he was in safe. mount on horseback, "and he him- ty. HERE THEY SING. When the Count Gatins saw With respect to his son Ancasins, That he could not wean himself From Nicolete, with the bright visage, He put himn into a prison, In an underground cellar, Which was built with grey marble. When Ancasins came thither, He was more doleful than ever he was. He began to rave, As you shall hear : « Nicolete, lilly flower, Sweet friend with the bright face, Sweeter art thou than the grape, Or soup in golden basins. The other day I saw a pilgrim, A native of the Limousin, Who was sick of the epilepsy, And laid in a bed, For he was sore afficted, And grievously diseased. Thou passed before his bed, And lifted up thy cloak, And thy ermine robe, And thy chemise of white linen, So that he saw thy anclo : The pilgrim was healed, And made whole; more so than ever : And he arose out of bod, And returned into his own country, Sound and safe, and completely cured. Sweat friend, flower of the lilly, - : Pleasant to come, and pleasant to go, Pleasant to sport, pleasant to prattle, Pleasant to speak and pleasant delight, Sweet kisses and swoet breath, No one could ever hate you. For your sake am I put in prison, In this underground cellar, Where I am tending to a sad end, For it behoves me to die, yoli, sweet friend." For Now THEY SPEAK AND RECITE AND NARRATE. Ancasins was put in prison, as are hot, lonxe, and bright, and the you have heard and understood, and nights are calm and peaceable NL Nicolete on her part in the chamber. colete was lying one pight This was in the summer season, in bed, and she saw the moon abining the month of May, when the days brightly through a winduw, and she ·Ixxxiv Fabliaus. so slenheard the nightingale singing in the rose in the season of summer, and garden; then she thought of Anca teeth white and small. Her breasts sins, her friend, whom she go fond were firm and raised her dress like ly loved. And she began to think two nuts, and she was of the Count Gạrins of Biancaire, der in the waist, that you could who mortally hated her. And she encircle ber with your two hands. resolved not to remain there until The daisy flowers she crushed she was tracked out, and the Count with the toes of her feet, when Garins came to know of it, for he placed on the top of her instep, would put her to an evil death. She were downright black, when comperceived that the old woman who pared with her feet and legs-90 was with her slept. Then she arose, fair was the damsel. So she came and dressed herself in a mantle to the postern, and unfastened it, of silk, which she possessed, very and went out into the streets of fine. And she took the sheets of Biancaire, keeping to the shade, her bed, and her towels, and tied for the inoon shone out brightthem together, and made a cord as ly; and she wandered until she canne long as she could, and fastened to the tower, where her lover was it to the pillar of the window, and confined. The tower was rent in 80 let herself down into the garden, places, and she sat down beside one and held her garments by one hand of the columns. And she wrapped in front, and by the other behind, herself closely in her mantle, and ‘and tucked them up by reason of thrust her head into a hole in the the dew which she saw thick upon the tower, which was old and ruinous, grass, and thus she proceeded down and she beheld Ancasing within weepthe garden. She had flaxen hair, ing, and making much lamentation, closely curling, eyes laughing, and and deploring the loss of his sweet ever changing in hue, a prepasseng- mistress, whom he so fondly loved; ing fuce, a nose high and well placed, and when she had listened enough, lips inore vermillion than cherry or she began to say :- This 18 SUNG, Nicolete with the bright face, Leaned against a pillar, And, heard Ancasins weeping, And lamenting his mistress, Then she spoke, and uttered her thoughts " Ancasins, gentle and noble, Frank, honorable youth, What avails you to tave, To'bewail and to weep, Since you will never fasess me, For your father hétes me, And so do all your kinsfolk, For your sake I will cross the sea, And will pass into other kingdoma." Then she cut off some of her hair, And threw it in to him. Ancasins, the baron, took them, And much he honored them, And kissed and embraced them, And placed them next in his breast. Then he began to weep afresh, All for his lady lore.

·Fabliaux.. HERE THEY SPEAK AND RECITE AND NARRATE. When Ancasins heard Nicolete say that she was going into another land, there was in him nothing but angry sorrow. “Fair, sweet friend," he cried, "you shall not co, for then you will kill me, and the first who shall see you, and have power over you, will straightway seize upon you, and put you in his bed, *** And after you have laid in any man's bed, except inine own, think not that I will wait longer than to find a knife, with which I may stab myself to the heart and perish. Nay truly, I will not wait so long, but will rush forward as soon as I find a mass of ruins, or a grey stone, against which I will dash my head so rudely, that I will make the eyee start out, and will utterly brain myself: much rather would I die such a death than know that you laid in any man's bed, save mine owu." “Ancasins," said she, " I do not be lieve that you love me as much as you say : but I love you more than you do me." « Alas!" replied Ancasins, « fair sweet friend, it cannot be that. you love me as inuch as I do you."; Woman cannot love man, as man lovcs woman; for woman's love is" in her eye **, and in the toe of her foot, but inan's love is planted' in the heart, whence it cannot be rooted ont." Whilst Ancasins and Nicolete were speaking together, the watch of the town caine down the street. And they had their swords drawn under their clonks, for the Count Garins had commanded theni, if they took her, to put her to death, and the watchuan, who was on the tower, saw them coming, and heard thern speaking of Nicolete, and knew that they sought her to slay her. "God!" he exclaimed, "it would be great pity to slay so fair a maiden, und it would be great charity if I could tell her, so that they might see their danger, and she might guard against it, for if they slay her, Ancasina, my young lord, will die, which would be grievous pity." Tuis '18 SUNG. The watchman was very valiant, Hardy and courteous, and well instructed, And he began a song That was pleasant and suitable.' « Maiden with the open heart, Your form is graceful and elegant, Your locks fair and lovely, Changing are your eyes, and smiling your countenance; Well do I see it by your appearance ! You have spoken to your lover Who is dying for you. I tell you this, and do you understand it, Beware of the soldiers Who are in search of you, With naked brands under their cloaks ; Firmly they go with threats against you, Soon they will do you injury, If you do not take care of yourself." 1 HERE THEY SPEAK AND RECITE AND NARRATE. * Ah!" oried Nicolete, "max the soul of thy father and mother be in blessed repose, since you have so VOL. 11.NO. VIl. fnirly and courteously, told me this. If it please God, I will take care of myself, and may heaven also preserve.

·Fabliau.. me." She wrapped herself in her bands that had never learned to nantle, and stood in the shadow of suffer, were bruised and torn, and the pillar until they had gone by. the blood streamed out through. a Then she took leave of Ancasins, dozen pluces, and yet she felt neiand walked away until she reached ther pain nor inconvenience, owing the walls of the castle. The wall to the great fear she had. And if was broken down and had been re she had trouble to enter, sbe liad paired, and she mounted to the top, still greater to make her way out. and contrived so that she got be She thought within herself that it tween the wall and the ditch. And would not do to tarry there, and she when she looked down and saw the found a sharpened stake which those moat so deep and so steep, she bad within had thrown out in defending " Ha! God!" she ex the castle. With this she mounted claimed, "jf I let myself fall, I shall step by step with groat toil until she break my neck, but if I remain here, reached the top. Now there was a they will take me, and to-mor forest within two bowshots, which row I shall be burned with fire. extended fully thirty leagues in Much rather would I die here, than agth and breadth. In it were that all the people should gaze at wild beasts and serpents. And she me to.morrow, as at a show, She feared that if she entered it, they made the sign of the cross on her would kill her. But again she rew head, she let herself slide down into flected that if she were found there, the 'moat, and when she reached the she would be led back into the city bottom, her lovely feet and fair to be burned. greut fear, HERE THEY SING, to Nicolete with the bright face, Hlad inounted the inont, When she began to rave, And to call on the name of Jesue. # Father, King of Majesty, I know not wbich way go. If I go into the leafy wood, The wolves will devour me, And the lions and the wild boars, Of which there are many; And if I await the light of day, So that they find me here, The fire will be kindled With which my body shall be burned; But by the God of Majesty, Far rather would I That the wolves should dexqur me, The lions and the wild boars Thán that I should go into the city : Thither will I never go." Now. THEY SPEAK AND RÉCITE AND NARRATE. Nicolete wildly ravednikyou have coucealed herself in a thick bushy heard. Then she camgiended her aort sleep fell upon her, and she #elf to God, and Wariéred until she slept until the hour of Primes on had come to the forest, She dared not the morrow., wlver, the 'shepherda however enter it for fenr of the sa came out of the town, and drove vage, beasts and serpenta. So she their beasts between the wood and ·Fabliaus. 1xxxvii 6 God " she rem the river. They themselves retired to a fair fountain that was at the head of the forest, and they spread out a cloak, and placed their bread upon it. While they were eating, Nicolete awoke with the chirruping of birds and the voices of the shepherds, and she rushed towards thein. * Fair song," she exclaimed, may the Lord God help you." bless you," replied one who was more ready of speech than the others. " Fair sons," she asked, "do you know Ancasins, the son of the Count Garins of Biancaire ?" know him well." "" So God help you," she continued, tell him that there is a wild beast in this forest, and that he must come and hunt it. And if he succeed, in catching it, he would not give a limb of it for a hundred inarks of gold, nor for five hundred, nor for any sum. Then they looked at her, and when they saw how beautiful she was, they were all amazed. “ I will tell him," said he, who was the most ready of speech; "evil to " Yes, we him who shall speak of it, or tell him-it is false what you say, that there is so precious a beast in this forest, for there is neither stag, nox lion, nor wild boar, a limb of which would be worth inore than two or three deniers at the outside : and yet you speak of so great a sunthere will be ill-luck to him who. believes you, or shall tell this; you are a fairy, and we have no wish : for your company, so hold on your way." " Ha! fair sons, joined, you will do what I ask : the beast has a inedicine which will cure Ancasins of his pain, and", I have here five sols in my purse, take them, and tell him that within three days he must hunt it, and if in two or three days he dogs not find it, he will never be healed of his malady!" " By my faith answered he, money, and if he comes this way, we will tell him, but we will not go' ta seek him." * In God's name," said she. Then she took leave of the shepherds, and went away. as you we will take your This 18 SUNG. Nicolete with the bright face Parted fronı the shepherds. She directed her steps Right through the thickest brushwood, Along a very old and antique path, Until she came to a way Where this path branched out For those passing into the country, She began to consider within herself What her lover would essay, (suffer) If he loved her as much as he said. She gathered the flowers of the lily And of the herb Garcis, And likewise some leaves, With which she made a fair bowercom More elegant never man sew.mm And she swote by God, who cannot lie, That if Ancasins come that way, And for the love he bears to her, Do not repose in it a while, He shall not be ber lover, Nor she his mistress, HERE THEY. SPEAX AND RECITE ANE NARRATE. Nicolete had made the bower, very fair and elegant, and tried 3 you have heard and understood, well within and without with le voi.

·xxxviii Fabliaut. * Sir," and flowers. Then she betook her "+ I have suffered as much woe as you helf into #, thick bush beside the now do. I will give you good counbower, to know what Ancasins sel, if you will listen to me. would do. Anda ramour and noise replied Ancasins, “ many thanks-I went abroad through all the land, shall value good counsel." * Mount and through all the country, that on horseback," he rejoined, "and go, Nicolete was lost. Some buid that disporteyourself in yon forest. There she had fed, others said that the you will see the flowers and the Count Garing' had caused her, to be grass, and will hear the birds sing. put to death. Whoever else re Purchance you will hear something joiced, Ancasins was not joyful, that will do you good.". “ Sir," said though the Count Garins his father Ancasins, "many thanks will do had hiin brought out of prison. And so." Then he stole out of the hall, he invited the knights of the land and went down the stops, and came and the dainsels, that he night to the stable where his horse was kept. hold great festivities, because that And he caused the saddle and bridle he hoped thus to comfort his son to be puton, and placed his foot in the Ancasins. Although the fête was stirrup, and mounted, and went forth very fully attended, Ancasins leaned of the castle. And he wandered on against a pillar, doleful and listless. till he cane to the forest, and rode Whatercr extravagances there might away until he reached the fountain, be, Ancasins bad no joy or taste for and found the shepherds at the such things, far he saw nothing of hour of noon. They had spread what he loved. A knight looked out a cloak on the grass, and were at bim, and went up to him, and eating their bread, and making great addressed him: "Ancasins," said he, cheer. This is SUNO. There were assembled the shepherds Esmerés and Martinés, Fruclius and Johanes, Robecons and Aubriés ; One of them said, " Fair friends," God help Ancasinet, In truth a goodly youth: The maiden with the slim figure, Who had the auburn eyes, Who gave us money, With which we will buy cakes, Sleaths and knives, Plutes and bag-pipes, and pipes: God preserve her! HERE THEY SPEAK AND RECITE AND NARRATE, 1 he so When Arcasins beard the shep peat the song you were singing just herde, he bethought him of Nico. now.' “We will not repeat it," said. late, his very sweet mistress,' whom he who was the most ready of speech: foudly loyed; and be guessed “ Evil befall him who shall sing it to What she had been there." And he you, fair sir." "Fair, mons," asked clapped spurs to his steer!, and came Ancasins," do you know me 64 Yes, up to the shepherds. we well know that you are Ancasinis, God help you. God bless you, our young lord, but we do not belong Heplied he, who was the most ready to you, for we are the Count's men. of pooch: "Fair sons," said he, “re " Fair sons, I pray you, do it." * Fair song, ·Fabliaux. “Why should I sing for you, if it ing, and a maiden came to us, the does not suit me. ' Since there is no fairent creature in the world, so that man in this country so rich, except we thought it was a fairy, and all this the Court of the Couut Garius; if he wood was lighted up by her. She found my oxen or my cows, or my gave us so much, that we promised sheep in his meadows, were there ever her if you came this way, we would 80 wany, who would be, hardy tell you that you should bunt in this enough to hunt them, unleas he would forest, for there is a beast in it which lose his eyes : why then should I sing if you can take, you would not give for you, if it does not suit me!" one of its limbs for five hundred. marks of silver, or for any other sum ; “So God help you, fair sons, you for the beast has such a medicine will do it and here, take these ten that if you can catch it, you will be sous, which I have here in a purse." healed of your malady, and within “Sir, we will take the money, but I three days it beloves you to take it ; will not sing to you, for 80 have I and if you have not then caught it, sworn; but I will recite it to you if never will you see it. So hunt it, you will." " In God's name," qupth if you will--and if you will, let Ancasins, "I would rather that you it alone, for I have now acquitted recited than nothing. Sir, we myself towards lier." were here between the hours of prime answered Ancasins, ". you have said and tierce, and were eating our bread enough, and may God enable me to at this fountain, as we are now do find her." « Fair sons, THIS 18 SUNG. Ancasins heard the words Of his mistress with the graceful form, Deeply they entered into him. Quickly he parted from the shepherds, And plunged into the thickest of the wood; Jlis charger ambled swiftly, And bore him stoutly at a gallop. Then he spoke, and uttered those words ; “ Nicolete witli the graceful form, For your sake am I come into the wood, I am hunting neither stag nor boar, But I follow your traces ; I wish to behold your eyes and graceful form, Your laughing smile, and your soft voice Have wounded my heart to death If it please God the mighty Father, I shall see you again, Doár sweet friend.". HERD THEY SPEAK AND RĘCITE' AND NARRATE. Ancasins went through the forest places, so that afterwards the youth in search of Nicolete, and his steed could follow the track of the blood carried him at a rapid pace. Deem' that fell upon the grass. But his not that the briers and thorns mind was so fixed on Nicolete, hix spared him in no way, for they, tore sweet mistress that he felt neither his clothes up that he could hardly pain nor sorrow, but rode on all day. fasten them around him, and the so far into the forest that nothing blood potred out of his arms and was heard of him; and willen he sides and 'lege in thirty or forty saw the evening star appear, be beva, ·Fabliaus. teem you. sous. gan to weep because he had not there happened to me ased misadrenfound her. Alang a grassy path he ture, for I lost the best of my oxen, rode, and looked before himn in the Roget, the best of may team, und middle of the way, and beheld a I go about seeking him. I have young man such as I'shall tell you. not eaten or drank, for three days He was tall and wondrous to look past, and I dare not go into the upon, and ugly and hideous. He town, for they would put me in had a huge head darker than prison, because I have not where smoked meat, and between his eyes withal to pay. Of all the riches in was a full hund's breadth. And he the world I am not worth more than had enorınque cheeks and a non you see on my body. A wretched strous fiat uose, with large wide nos mother have I, who was possessed trils, and his immenee lips were only of a small under-garinent, and radder than burning coals, and his they have taken it oft her back, 80 great teeth were yellow and ugly, that she lies merely on the straw. And he was shod with gaiters and For her I grieve more than for myshoes of bullock's hide fastened with self; for riches come and go; if I packthread reaching to the knee. lose to-day I shall gain another And he was wrapped in a cloak with time, and I will catch my bullock two wrong sides, and he leaned on a when I can, and yet for this I don't huge club. Ancasins hastened up weep. But you wept for a filthy dog. to him, and had great fear when he Evil befall him who shall ever esbeheld hiin near at hand. * Fair "Certes, fair brobrother, God aid you." "God bless ther, you are of so stout a heart, you," he answered. "So God help that you may well be blest. What you, what are you dving here ?'' was the value of your bullock ?" “What matters that to you !" "No “Sir, they demand from me twenty thing," rejoined Ancasins, and I ask I cannot make them abate a it, meaning no harm." " But why do single maille," ſi. e. half a denier). you weep," asked the other, " and "Well, take these twenty fous which make such lamentation ! Certes, if I have in my purse," said Ancasins, I were as rich a man as you, all the " and inake good your bullock.' world should not make me weep." “ Sir," he replied, ' many thanks, *** Bah, do you know me then ?" in and may God grant you to find quired Ancasins. "Yes, I well know what you seek.' And so he parted that you are Ancasing, the son of the from him. And Ancarins rode on. Count, and if you tell me why you The night was calm and beautiful, weep, I will tell you what I do here." and he wandered about till he came, "Certes," replied Ancasins, “ I will . . . without and within, above tell you very willingly. I came here it and in front were flowers, it could this morning to hunt in this forest, not possibly be more beautiful. and had with me a white grey hound, When Aucasins perceived it, he stopthe finest in the world, Him I have ped suddenly, and the moon beams lost, and therefore do I weep." played within. "O God," cried to remena, “Do you weep then for worthless @asīps, “ Nicolete uy sweet mistress hound Evil befull him who shall has been here, and she made this eper esteem you ;since there is not with her own fair hands. By reason 80 tich a man in this land. If your of her gentleness, and for the love father were to demand ten, fifteen, or I bear her, I will here dismount, and twenty, he would have them only rest during the night." He drew bis too readily, and people would be foot out of the stirrup to get down, too glad to give them.' But I have but the horse was tall and high, reason to weep and to mpan. and he thought so much of Nicolete, and why?! Si, brother, I will tell his very sweet mistress, that he feli you. I was hired by a rich country, heavily on a stone, and pushed his man, and drove his team, for bie had shoulder out of the socket. He felt four boxen, Noy three days ago that he was much hurt, but he ex- « You!

·Fabliau.. orted bimself as much as he could, and with the other hand fastened his horse to a thorn.' Then he turned on his side and crawled into the bower, and laid on his back. And he looked through a hole and beheld the starsi and the sky, and one star shone brighter than the others, and he be. gan to say. • Tats 18 SUNG. 4 Little star I behold How the muon draws you to herself; Nicolete must be with you, My love with the flaxen hair. I believe that God wills it For the beauty of * However far I might fall down again, If I were up there with you, I would embrace yok closely ; Were I son to a king, You would worthily sit beside me, Dear sweet friend." 11 HERE THEY SPEAK AND RECITE AND NARRATE. Fair When Nicolete heard Ancasins, place, and then she took fowers and she came to him, for she was not far fresh grans, and green leaves, and away. She entered the bower, and she bandaged it on in the flap. of her threw her arms round his neck, and chemise, and he was made whole. kissed and embraced him. " Ancasina," quoth she, "fair sweet sweet friend, you are well found." friend, take counsel what you will " And you also, fair sweet mis do. If your father to-morrow cause, tress." They kissed and embraced this forest to be searcbed, and they each other, and great was their joy. find me whatever may become of “Ha! sweet friend," cried Aucasins, you, they will put me to death." I was much hurt in the shoulder, but “Certes, fair sweet mistress, I should now I feel neither pain nor sorrow be much grieved ;, but if I ean, since I have you, She felt and they shall never holdt you." And. found that his shoulder was out of her mounted his horse, and took his place, and she handled it so well mistress before him, kissing and with her fair hands, and brought at embracitig her. Thus they came about--for so willed the Deity who into the open plains. favours loverg--that it returned to the Tårs '18 SUNG. Ancasins the fair, the handsome, The gentle, the enamoured, Went forth of the recesses of the forest, Between his arms his mistress, Before him on his saddle bow. He kissed, hér eyes and her brow, And her mouth and her chin. Shere-called him to himgelf: * Ancavins, fair sweet friend, ·cxcii Fabliau. Into what land shall we go?" “ Sweet mistress, what do I know? It matters not to me whither we go, Into forest'or bye-lane, So that I am with you." They passed mountains and valleys, Cities and towns, And with the dawn came to the sea, Ayd they got down on the sand, Beside the shore. 1 Trey NOW SPEAK AND RECITE AND NARRATE. Ancasins disinounted together with his lady love, as you have heard and understood. He held his horse by the bridle and his mistress by the hand : and they began to move along the shore. *•'Me made a sign to them and they came him. And he did so that they took him into their ship, and when they had come into the open sea, a marvellously fierce storm arose and drove them from land to land, until they arrived in a strange country, and entered the port of the castle of Torelore. Then he asked what land this was, and they told him that it belonged to the king of Torelore. He next inquired what sort of inan he was, and if he was at war with any one. And they told him that there was a grievous war. So he took leave of the merchants, and they commended him to God. And he mounted his horse with his sword by his side, and his mistress before him, and he wandered on until he reached the castle. And he asked where was the king, and they answered him that he was in child-birth. " Where then is his wife ?" And they said that she was with the army, and had led away all the men of the country. And Ancasins listencd to this with wonder and caine to the palace and got down, he and his inistress. And she held his horse, while he went up into the palace with his sword girt on, and he wandered about until he found the chamber where the king was lying. This is SUNG. Into the chamber entered Ancasins, The courteous and the gentle ; And he went up to the bed Wberein the king was lying, And he stood before him, And spoke-hear what he said, Diva, coward, what do yon here?". Quoth the king, "I am in child birth, When my montheshall have been completed, And myself quite healed, Then shall I go to hear the mass, As did my ancestors, And disport myself in war Against my enemies, And never will I leave it." > HERE THEY SEPAK AND RECITE AND NARRATE.. When Ancasin heard the king clothes that were on him, and threte. thus speak; he palled"of all the them into the chamber. He saw ·Fabliau. " Ha! & stick behind him. He took it and yonr Queen ia with the host." "Sir, turned, and struck and beat him, willingly," replied the king. He till he was well nigh dead, mounted a horse, and Ancasins. fair Sir," cried the king, “ what mounted his own, und Nicolete me do you want of ine? Are you mad mained in the Queen's chum bers. : that you beat me in my own house fo. And the king and Ancarins rode": “God's heart," replied Aneasias, away until they came where the I will kill you if you do Queen was, and they found a batnot plight me your word that never tle array of apples of wood, and man in your land was in child of eggs, and uew cheeses, and Anbirth ?" He plighted his word, and casins began to gaze at them, and when he had done 60, Ancasins greatly he marvelled. said, "Sire, bring me now to where This IB SUNG. Ancasins came to a stand, And began to look At this regular encamped array. They had brought Pletity of new cheeses And apples of wood, And large cut mushrooms. He who most troubled them Was hailed the most lordly. Ancasins the hardy, the brave, Began to look at them, And he burst into laughter. HERE THEY SPEAK AND RECITE AND NARRATE. • Yes, . you?" my heart." When Ancasins saw this marvel, " How then," asked Ancasins, “ do he went up to the king, and ad you wish that I should avenge you ?" dressed himn : “Sire," said Ancasina, ir Sir," answered the king," you are these your enemies ?" have done too much.. It is not our sir, answered the king. " And custom to kill one another." And do you wish that I should avenge they took to flight. And the king “Yes," quoth he, "with all and Ancasins repaired to the castle And Ancasins put hij of Torelore, and the people of the hand to his sword, and rushed amongst country said to the king that he them, and began to lay about him should drive Ancasing out of his right and left, and killed many of land, and detain Nicolete for his son, them. And when the king saw that for she seemed truly to be born of he was slaying them, he caught him higa lineage.' And Nicolete heard by the bridle, and said : " Ha! fair this, and by no means ivas she pleas- Sir, do not kill them so downright." ed, and she began to say THIS 18 Suna. " Sire, king of Torelore, Thus spoke the fair Nicholo, * Your people hold me for a fool, When my swbet friend-embraces me, And feels me fat and soft, Then, whilst I am at such pastina VOL. 11. - XO, VII.

·XCIV Fabliaux. Neither balls nor dances nor carols, Harp, flute, nor rebeck, Nor the pleasures of the nimpole Have any value for me." THIS IS SPOKEN AND RECITED AND NARRATED. Ancasins remained at the castle of Torelore with Nicolete his mistress in great comfort and delight, for he had beside him Nicolete his sweet mistress, whom he so greatly Joved. Whilst he was in this great comfort and delight, a band of Saracens came by sen, and assailed the castle, and took it by force. They seized the goods, and carried oft ptive both men and women. They took Nicolete and Ancasins, and bound Ancasins both hand and foot, and threw him into a ship, and Nicojele into another. Then there arose A storm at sea which separated them. The ship, in which Ancasins sailed was driven about on the sea until it arrived at the castle of Biancaire, and the people of the country ran down to the port, and found Ancasins and recognized him. When those of Biancaire saw their young lord, they made great joy over him, for Ancasins had been absent at the castle of 'Torelore threc years, and his father and mother were dead. And they brought him to the castle of Biancaire, and became his inen, and kept the land in peace. Tuis 19 SUNG. Ancasins is gone To Biancaire his city : The country and the kingdom He kept altogether in tranquillity. And he swore by the God of Majesty That it grieved him more For Nicolete with the bright visage, Than for all his kinsfolk, If they had come to an end. Sweet friend with the bright face, I know not where to seek you, Otherwise God has not made that realm Either by land or by sca, Where if I could find yoti there, I would not go in quest of you !!" 12 HERE THEY SPEAK AND RECITE AND NARRATR. Now we will leave Ancasins, and taken while quite a little child. will speak of Nicolete. The ship They sailed on until they canne bein which was Nicolete belonged to fore the city of Carthage, and when the king of Carthage, who was her Niculete saw the walls of the custle father, and she had twelve brothers, and the country, she remembered all princes or kipge. When they that she had been brought up there, Baw Nicolete so fair, they showed and taken away when a little child; her much "honori and made great but she was not so young as not to rejoicing over her, and questioned know well that she was daughter her as to who shevas, for truly she of the king of Carthage, ar" hat seemed of gentle blood and 'high she had been brought up in that descent : but she could not tell city.. them who she wall, for she had been ·Fabliaus. XCY Tus Is Suna. Nicolete the prudent, the wise, Arrived at the shore, And bcheld the walls and the houses, The palaces and the halls, At which she bewailed herself: " In an evil hour was I born of high lineage, That I should be daughter to the king of Carthage, And cousin of Amuaffle. They are leading me among savage people, Ancasins, gentle and wise, Frank young lord and honorable, Your sweet love hurries me away, And suminons and urges me. The God of Hope grant this, 'That I may again lold you in my arına, And that you may kiss iny face, And my mouth and iny cheeks, Noble young lord." Here tuer Sreak and Recite AND NARRATE. When the king of Carthage heard ry her to a rich Paynim king. But Vicolete thus speak, he threw his the night before she stole Away, and arms around her neck. " Fair sweet came to the seaport, and lodged with friend," said he,“ tell me who you & poor woman near the shore. And are; be not afraid of ine." "Sire," she she gathered an , herb and rubbed replied, “I am daughter to the king her head and face with it, until she of Carthage, and was carried off when was quite black and stained, and she a little child of fifteen." When they made an undercont and a mantle, and heard her thus speak, they knew well a shirt and trousers, and thua eqnipthat she spoke the truth. And they ped herself in the manner of a minmade great rejoicing over her, and strel. Then she took her rebeck, and brought her to the palace with inuch came to a mariner, and did so with honor as the king's daughter. And him that he put her on board his they wished to give her for husband ship. They hoisted their sails, and a king of Paynims, but she had no sailed over the wide sea until they desire for marriage. There she re reached the land of Provence, and mained three or four days. And then 'Nicolete.went forth and took she bethought her by what ineans she her rebeck, andwent playing through might find Ancasins. She procured the country until she caine to the a rebeck, and learned to play on it, castle of. Biancaire, where was sountil one day they proposed to mar casins. This Is Sung. At Biancaire beneath the tower Stood Ancasing one day : There he seated himself on a step, Around him were his noble Barons ; He beholds the grass and the flowers, He hears the birds singing, He remembers his love For Nicolete the prudent, Whom he loved so long, ·tevi Fabliaut. Then he gave forth righs and tears. Lo! Nicolete is before the steps, She draws forth her violin, she draws forth her bow. Then she spoke, and uttered her words: " Listen to me, noble Barons, You above and you below, Would it please you to hear a sorg About Ancasins, a noble Baron, And Nicolete the prudent? So long lasted their loves, That he went in guest of her throngh a dense forest. At Torelore, in the castle, The Paynim took them one day : Of Ancasins we know nothing, But Nicolete the prudent Is in the castle of Carthage, For her father loves her much, Who is Lord of that realm, And they wish to give her for husband. But Nicolete does not intend it, For she loves a youth, Whose naino is Ancasins, And she swears by God and his name, That never slie will accept a husband, If she have not her lover, Whom she so fondly desires." HERE THEY SPEAK AND RECITE AND NARRATE. 17 When Ancasins heard Nicolcte take. And know that for love of her thus speak, he greatly rejoiced, and he I will not take a wife, be she of ever drew her to one side, and asked her: so high degree, but I wait for her, “ Fair sweet friend." said Ancasins, and never will have a wife, save ** know you any tbing of this Nico only her : and had I known where Jete, of whom yon havc sung?''“Sir, to find her, I should not now have yes, I know lter to be the nost noble to seek her." “Sir," she replied, " if creature, the most gentle and the you will do this, I will go and seek most discreet, that ever was born. her for your sake and her own, for She is daughter to the King of Car much do I love her.' He pledged thage, who took her when Aucasins his word and gave her twenty livres. was made prisoner, and brought her So she parted from him, and he to the city of Carthage, until at last wept to think of the gentle Nicolete; he found out that she was liis dangh and when she saw him weep, she ter. Then he made much rejoicing "Sir, do not grieve, for with over her, and wishes to give her for in a little I will bring her into this husband one of the greatest Kings town, and you shall see her:" And of Spain; but she would rather when Ancasins heard that, he greatly allow herself to be hanged ar burned rejoiced, and she parted from him, than accept any one, let him be and went into the town to the house never so rich." Ha! fair sweet of the Viscountess, for the Viscount, friend," cried the Coun Ancasins, if her godfather, was dead. She lodgyou will return to that land and will ed there, and spoke until she had comtell her to come and speak with me, inunicated to her all her history, and . I will give you of my possessions the Viscountess recognised her, and as much as you shall dare to ask or knew well that it was Nicolete, said:

·Fabliaux. xcril whom she had brought up. And she made her wash and bathe, and rest eight whole daye. And she took an herb that was named Esclaire, and anointed herself with it, and became again as fair as ever she had been. And she arrayed herself in rich robes of silk, of which the Damne had plenty. And Bhe scated herself in the chamber on a quilt of silken cloth, and ad. dressed the Daine, and desired her to go for Ancasins, her lover. And she did so. And when she came to the palace, she found Ancasins weeping and regretting Nicolete, his mistress, because she tarried so long. And the Damne spoke to him and said; "Ancasins, be 110 longer troubled in mind, but come with me, and I will show you the thing you love best in the world, for it is Nicolete, your sweet mistress, who is come from a far land in quest of you.". And Ancasins was joyful. When Ancasins heard Of his mistress with the bright face, That she was come into the country, Then was he joyful as he never before had been. With the dame he went, Nor stopped until he came to the house ; Into the chamber they passed Where Nicolete was seated. When she saw her lover, More joyful was she than ever she was before, And she sprang to her feet to meet him. When Ancasins beheld her, He stretched both his arms towards her; Tenderly he welcomed hier, And kissed her eyes and face : That night he left her thuis, Until the morrow morning, When he espoused her. Lady of Biancaire he made her, And after that they lived many days, And enjoyed great delight. Then had Ancasins much joy, And Nicolete likewise. Our song and tale now come to a close, . For no more can I say. Am

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·ADVERTISEMENTS: ST. ANDREW'S LIBRARY, CALCUTTA. FRESH STATIONERY AND DEED BOXES. Messrs. THACKER, SPINK & CO. have just landed from the Duke of Wellington, « large assortment of DOUBLE BLOCK TIN BOXES, of different sizes, with Patent linproved LUCK#, and admirably adapted for DEED, or DISPATCII BOXES, price varying from Rs. 8 to 20, MERCHANT'S BILL CASES, Block tin, reduced in price froin Rs. 9 to Rs. 5. Also a large Invoice of WEDDING STATIONERY, comprising CARDS, ENVELOPES and WAPERS, of the newest designs ; OVERLAND PAPERS ; and the NEW DOUBLE THICK CREAM LAID BARONIAL NOTE PAPER, &c. &c. I. ... . Messrs. Thacker, Spink & Co. have also landed from the “ Duke of Wellington," the following articles, to which they beg to draw attention :- MILITARY RECONNOITRING AND OTHER TELESCOPES. Reconnoitring 'Telescopes, 1 fuot taper large object Glass, Sling and Caps, by West, Rs. 50 Davis's small 6 draw 'Reconnoitring Telescopes, in leather cases, Rs. 25 Deer-Stalking, 2 feet, 4 draw Telescope, by 'Troughton and Slinms, bronzed, with shade and leather case, Rs. 75 West's 2 féèt Telescope, 3 draw, covered with leather in case, i.. Rs. : 70 14 feet ditto,... Rs. 50 15 inch 3 draw 'Telescope, with Whalebone body, mounted in German Silver, in case,... Rs. 55 ... .. . ... ... ... BO .. .. .. .. ... II 5. NO! OS 3. ... INSTRUMENTS. Theodolites by Troughton and Simms, 7 Inch, Everest's construction, divided upon Silver to Ten Seconds, with Tripod Stands complete, Rs, 674 Dumpy Levels, by Troughton and Siinins, 14 Inch, with Con pask, floating Silver Ring, &c. &c., and Tripod Stand complete, Rs. 400 Pentagraphs, by Troughton and Simms, 3.feet best brass, in mahogany case, Rs. 150 Boiling 'Thermometers, with Apparatus complete, Rs. 25 Differential Thermometers, · Rs. 25 CAMP CHAIR-BEDS. : Brown's Patent Camp Chair and Bed, with foot rests; RA. 24 The Same, with Arms,... ... Rs. 35 d. ... ... ur . .. . .. . . ...

·Advertisements. CARPET AND LEATHER BAGS. Carpet Bags, with patent Lock and Key, of size, ., Rs.'8 and Rs. 14 Black Leather Travelling Bags, with patent Lock and Key, of 3 sizes, Rs. 10, Rs. 16, and Rs. 20 0 ENVELOPE CASES. Arbayna Shaped Envelope Cases, of Mettled Ebony, with Lock and Key, Re. 16 Ditto, of handsome Maple Wood,... Rs. 16 ... .. ... . .. ... STAUNTON'S CHESSMEN AND BOARDS. Stannton's Chessmen, in handsome Carton Pierre Boxes, with Book of Games, Rs. 50 Chess Boards, to match the above, Rs. 32 Staunton's Chessmen, Club size, loaded, in plain Mahogany Boxes, Rs. 35 Ditto smaller size ditto, Rs. 20 ... ... .. O. ... ... . ... .. AMATEURS' TOOL CHESTS. Tool Chests of Oak, containing an assortment of the most useful Carpenter's Tools, No. 1 Rs. 20, No. 2 Rs. 25, No. 3 Rs. 32 GRINDSTONES. Improved Grindstones worked by Cog-wheels, ... Rs. 16 QUEEN'S CROCHET COMPANIONS. Leather Cases containing a full assortment of Crochet and Knitting Needles, also Thread. of different Nos., Re. 10 ... HOMEOPATHIC MEDICINES. MES&RD. THACKER, SPINK & Co. have just received a fresh supply of the above Medicines, in Globules: Boxes containing 59 Medicines .... Rs. 40 36 25 30 23 12 9 .................... 9 2) ....................1 6 .. DOUBLE-BARREL GUNS, BY T. K. BAKER, LATE MORTIMER, SUPERIOR DOUBLE BARREL GUNS, beautifully finished, and fitted with Apparatus complete, in neat Oak and Mahogany Cases. MESSRS. THACKER, SPINK # CO2 having received instructions to close the conèignment of the above, beg to offer the only three remaining Gunis, at the greatly reduced price of Co.'s u. 300 each, Cash.

·Advertisemonta. HEALTH FOR ALL!!! WWW Tuc time has now come when the public health in India must be more attentively considered with a view to its prescrvation and improvement. Notwithstanding the number of Medical Gentleinen employed in the Country, it is a well known fact thint hundreds of our Countryinen are annually consigned to an early grave, or controlled to return to Fugland with shuttered constitutions; no class of people on earth arc so physick ed-nye--and physicked with poison toom and yet with hundreds of Doctore within the threo Presidencic-and medicine innumerable the mortality in India is greater than in any other of our Colonies. The average age to which persona live in this country is 40 years. Another startling fact is, that one-half of all the children born of Euopean purents in India, dic before they reach their fifth year, and in many unhealthy State tions a large portion of these die within the first year. What can inore clearly demonstrate the fact, that while the Residents in India have been physicked by a large standing Arny of Doctors, they have not been taught the best mode of preserving their health. One truth must be clearly understood and consistently acted upon, namely, that all the diseases to which the human frame is subject, anide from an impure state of the blood. Let this vital principal be freed froin impurities, and disease canoot take place. PURE AIR AND PURE BLOOD. The relationship between pure air and pure blond is very intimate. The office of the lungs is to decarbonize the blood. Previously to its passing through thode organs it is of a dark black colour, in consequence of its being charged with Carbon ; it is then termed ornoue blood. 'When it comes into contact with the oxygen of the atmosphere, it 18 purged froin the Carbon and changed to a beautiful crimson ; it is then terucd arterial blood. If the ruri ounding air be foul, chiarged with minama of Carbonic acid gan, which has escaped from the lungs of individuals or from putrid matter, it is impossible that the blood should be changed from venous into arterial. The object of the blood is to convey & replenishing principle to every part of the human frame for the purpose of repairing the waste which is constantly going on. But if it lius come in contact with impure air, it gallops through the system, charged-out with health and vigour--but with a disease-engendering principle : hence low, intermittent fevers, dysentery, cholera, and other Tearful discases. AN EFFICACIOUS REMEDY FOR ALL DISEASES. Now if disease arise from the cause to described who can question the philosophy or doubt the efficacy of the Hollowayen Syutern. Unlike Doctors in general, he shows how diseasо may be prevented, or if its presence be detected, he shows them what is the cause. Of course, he baye, you are suffering fron disease, take my Pille." For while Profesor Holloway's Pills are perfectly free frora poisor-they are at the sanic time charged with a powerful disease-exterminating principle. Being taken into the system--they assimilate with the blood, and the vital Avid is thus charged with an element, which wages war with every unhealthy abairuo to work of enguncipation coinmences, and niost pleasuring are the results.

·19 Advertisements. ('OMPLAINTS OF THE LIVER, TTIE LUNGS AND TIIE STOMACH REMOVED. The Liver hithes to morbid in its action is freed froin unhealthy secretions, acrimoniou, hile is carried of, and along with it d14to esring pain in the right side, and a burning sensation at the Stomarl, the sallon ness of the skin vanhes and is allocecded by a healthy liver. The lungs, which had buon held in tkraldone by illiated hunioure, causing a constant hacking cough, is set free by the use of these Aldo, so that respitation becomes tary. Thor Sit nach, in which impurities had been allowed to accumulate, C214&nausea, violut hendaclic, indi gostion, nei von«pres, burning seu- Hation and acute pain, bowel complaints, sleepleng sights, aud a lot of othu cule, the vioriach is completely weaned of its misci y-making ocouparts, byt a low doses of this extraordinary incdicine. MALIGNANT CIIOLLRA ROBBER) OF ITS VICTIMS. This disease, which is so common in India, results from a redundancy anil putrid acrimony of the bile. Now Ilolloway's Pulls, by closing thic intestines, and impieding upon to the whole nervous system, ale of adınirable C 44 parremlie; but when this use of theu han beert overlooked, the actual attack; of Choleia may be initigated by a timely and pe swering ise of ther, lhe stomach and bowel, will thus belilcctile ully liced from all vitund humours, and the various functions specdily Istoicd tu lliur proper toll,' REUMATISM AND GOUT PRIVESTED AND CURED). And what i, Rheumatism? It is a pais fulcrcauc, affecting the joints and limbs---Caused by an accumulation rá iripustu s. llow coininun is the exclamation, I have caught a coll, and it has brought on that tiresoine excruciating pouin on any shoulder or limbs!" Do you wish to know why this pain? We will tell you, and, which is still better, we will tell you how to get rit of it. By nicans of respiration and peopu aliun the human system is continually throwing off waste matter. "LA101sile, the celebrated French Chemist, states that the skin alone during every four and I wenty hours p»rts with 20 Qunces of useless matter. This supposes Health and favourable circumstances. But should any of this matter ba thrown back into the system, proporlionate disease must necessarily ensue. You spend some time in a heated place, or drive out visiting during the hot months, and the pores of your body beconie open and sensitive; you go in this state uudi a punhalı, or perhaps lie down va a couch right before the " talties,". and fall asleep, The pores are suddenly closce-perspiration is obstructed, and the waste matter reinaining in the systein becomes a fruitful souice of disease and piain. l'le ucxt morning your eyes swim, your voice is husky, and you feel pain, and you excluin, What a beastly country! I have taken cold from just sitting near the tattica," ang then how do you act? You do not as you vught at once scok to free the systein from irupure obstructious, but you content yourself with some mere palliative, you lose sonre of the arst unpleasani sensations, but the impurities still Jurk within PUL! Every now and then you feel twitching, torturing paigs in your Iimbs, but ihuru rains are sent in mercy, and their language is." You ·Advertisemente. Y have broken a physicul law: your rant of care has caused uuhealthy obstructions; put rid of these, and you will be foo from pain; allow these to romain, and paine still nore fearful will be the jesult." Thie alone can lie eftertually done by rrsorting to a course af Followay's Pills and Ointmrut, which will, in a fex days, i nove these obstructions, and restore hcalth and vigour to the whole kystem. DISEASES IN GENERAL. The same may be said of the other, and almost nomberies diecase, rising tren this fertile, thiy zole cause of H diseases the impuritims of the blood and noue who have need these in duable Medicines l'avo bocu disappointed." The gratuful aspirations of thousands in every part of the world furnish abundant demonstration that unver w** a Medicine employed, at once so bate and so salurary, 80 powerful to conquer dine, yet so harmless that an infant may take it with afety. Whnocr those Pills and Ointment have been known they have been regarded as u bileysing, and are held in the highest estimation as an invaluable Medicine; and cvery resident in Induu onght to have a box of thr Pills and a Pot of the Ointment in his Bungalow, both for laimself, his family, his servants, and his friends. Sold in Buxes and Pots, at 1, 2-8, 1-8, 11, 12, and 33 Rupees each. Directions for their use in all dispases accompany ench Bor und Pot. Aunty ror lydil. Thomas Payne and Sous, 7-6, M'ribor Bouldigm, Calcutta ; Mr. Cook, Dacca; M. Foll, Cuttack M.Chapman, ]). jecling; Afr. Wheeler, llazareubaugh; Messrs. Thomas and Co. Monglyr; F. Sinith and ('o., Dinapore; Tuttle and Charles, Benaies ; M. Tiernan, Chunrr; Baboo Bhug butty Churn Chuckerbutty, Mirzaporo; Boilard and Co., Allahabad; Sertulpersand and Co., Lucknow (treenway Brothers, Cawnpure ; Mi. Pyle, Futtghur; Mr. J. 1. Gibbons, Meerut; Noor Buksh and C'o., Delhi and Lahore: AlacDonald und Co., Umballalı Mr. Coutes, Foro opore; Nuby Box and Co., Luodjunah and Jullundur Doub; Vivian and Co., Siulah : Mr. Greig, Mussoorie; Mr. Juhastuno, Nainee T'al; Pentonjee and Co., Mhow; Cursetjee and Co., Suugor, Jubbulpore, Kamptçe and Secundrabad ; IIulse and Nephew, Agrd; Messrs. Lewis und Co., Mbulmein ; Messrs. Meppart and Co., Vizagapatam. N. B.-- Directions for the guidance of Patients in every disorder are affixed to each Box and Rat. TIE DELII ALMANACK AND FOR 1853. Only a few Copies now remain in hand. Amply to the Mana- INC ProprieTOR, Delhi Gastette Pru.

·Advertisements. BOOKS FOR SALE AT THE DELII GAZETTE ØRESS, ... .. 0. ... .. ... ... ... ... 7 ... ... ... ... ... O. ... ... ... .. .. FOR CASII ONLY. Apply, Post-Paid, to Mr. F. W. Place. Erskine's Book oi Forms, 2nd Edition, Price, Rs. 16 Mar Gregor's Diseases in India, 5 A Treatise on the Blue Epidemic Cholera, by Dr. W. L. Mellregor, ... Abstract of General Orders, sold for the bouefit of the Law rence Asylnm. Fint Purt, from 1841 to 1845, Serond Parl, from 1815 to 1847, with Index to both parts, 7 from 1817 to 1819, with Index, Fourth Part, for 1850-31, with Index, 7 Index only,... 3 Tur S1G114 or Deunt, (sold for a Charitable purpose, ) 1 Authorised Pay and Audit Regulations for the "Bougal Army, neatly bound, 8 TUANSLATIONs by Capt. Hollings. Preinagar, 6 Bytal Pucheesee, 8 The orders to be accompanied by a Reinittance, with 8 annas for packing, if wax clotl be required. JOB AND LITHOGRAPHIC WORKS or every description, can be neatly and expeditionsly çxecuted at this Presa, whero Civil, Military and other 'Lithographed Forms, and Bound Books, Cheque Books, Dawk Books, Ruled Music Books, and Ruled Music Paper, may always be had, with Lists of Prices. TIK ... ... .. . Rs. . ... ... ... . DELHI SXBTCN BOOK, Published in Monthly Dumbers, ON TILE BEGINNING OF EACH MONTH. 1.1. ........... .......... TERMS QT SUBSCRIPTION : In advance, yearly,................. ........: Rs. 16 0 half-yearly,......... 8 0 Each' number........ 1 8 *TERMS OF ADVERTISING: Per line,.. 0 4 Contrart parties for a Column or half County, may be ascertained an application to the MANAGING PROPRIETOR of the Dehu Gaxetie.

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·VII Advertisements. N. B.--All Advertisements received, without specifying the number of insertions, will be continued until countermanded, and charged for accordingly. Notice.--All Vouchers and Receipts for monies received ou. account of the Delhi (razette, whether for Subscriptions, Advertisements, or other work, will be signed by Mr., F. W. PLACE, AYanaying Proprietor, and the following parties are appointed Agents for the Delhi Gazette:- Calcuita.--Messrs. Mackenzie, Lyall and Co. Madras.-Messrs. Pharoah and Co. Bombay.--Mr. Robert Knight. Agra.--Mr. F. W. Place, and the receipts of no others will be acknowledged. The All letters connected with the Editorial Department of the Delhi Gazette to be addressed To The EDITOR.--All letters ou business connected with the Press, to be addressed to the MANAGING PROPRIETOR, Post-paid. { -- DELHI GAZETTE OVERLAND SUMMARY, Published on the last-safe date of despatch of each Overland Mail, Via Bombay: IT CONTAINS GENERAL REMARKS AND SUMMARY or INDIAN News. EDITORIALS EXTRACTED FROM THE DELÁI GAZETTE. LOCAL INTELLIGENCE, GioveRNMENT NOTIFICATIONS :- Civil Orders Military Orders. DomesTIC INTELLIGENCE. Terms :--Twelve Rupees per annun, including Inland 'l'ostage from Delhi to Bombay. This Subscription is payable in advance. 4 N. B.-The Mail vid Marseilles will of course , entail the cost in England of the f'rench postage of 3d. each copy, for which no provision can possibly be made in the way of pre-payment in this country. Those of our Subscribers who object to the slight expense thus incurred, may have, as at present, their papers forwarded monthly by the Southampton Mail. Mrvinowww

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