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·CONVENTION
ON CULTURAL UNITY
IN INDIA
(Under the auspices of the T A. Parekh
Education Endotonet]
BLAILABALESHWAR
[2th to Soth October 149]
SPEECTIES AND ADSTILACTS OF PROCEEDINGS
Tb. I. A Parekh Education Endowment

·No text on this page.

·CONVENTION
ON CULTURAL UNITY
IN INDIA
(Under the Asrplees of the T A Parekh
Education Endowment]
BLAILABALESHIYAR
[28th to 30th October 1919 ]
SPEECTIES AND ABSTRACTS OF PROCEEDINGS
The TA tartó Eddattoo

·WAY 180
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·CONTENTS
The Convention At Kababaleshwar
1
Delegates To The Convention
Introductory Spetch By Shri Parella
$
10
Welcome Addrn By Shri Salyldan
Inaugural Address By The Hon. B. G Kher
19
Discuselona At The Convention
48
82
64
Speech By The Hon. PN Lathur
Speech By Prof. Wadie
Speech By Dr Anand
Speech By Dr Zakir Hussain
Speech By Dr R P Panantpyo
Important Points Documed Duarting The Convention
Concludlar Sperch By The Chairman Shri Satyldata
Manifesto Of The Convention
06
103
Roxolations Of The Convention
112
The Ta Parekh Esituation Endovertat

·ORGANIZING COMMITTEE
Chairman,
ShI K. G Saltdala,
Educational Adviser to Bombay Clovernment
Vice Chairman,
Shri & R. Dongerkery
Registrar Bombay Valvandty
Merobers,
Sarl E G. Gyant,
Curator Prince of Wale Muwum, Bombay
Prodentor KT Merchant
Principal AL T Vyet
Prolesor C M Patwardhan, Sorulary
Members of the Ad Hoc Committer,
Dr Mak Raj Anand.
Prodecor R Cholsay
Principal A. R Durood
Shri D N D Manball
Professor CD Pull
Prolomot M Venkatarungata

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·THE CONVENTION AT MAHABALESHWAR Carrostico on Cultural Unity - Iscle was bold under the auspices of the Parekh Education Endowment at Maha bulahmur from the 28th to the oth of October 1949. The Contention which was attended by many distinguished indt viduals and presentathes of Universities and other du tonal and cultural argintatlost u well as representatives of Pomoc Provindal Gorendents, was taugurated by the Hapounable Shri B. G Kher Prenler und Education Minor of Boubay Province, Oblectra of the Convention The object of the Convention, the firet of its kind in Lodle, was to examine the prychological and educatiocal situation which has been crented by the recent happenings to the country tod to coodder bow parabologlaul toorlantation could be brought about among the adults # well u the students to school and collages som to develop a broad humanistic outlook u well on seose af matlocal and cultural wity Too Convention was parthenlarly latertated to dbcuring and claritying its own and on sore of the bude kunces tarobned to the cultunl crite through which we buvo been puntay and the port that educational trostitations can play to dealing with that. There be wide-breed concern roomyat the teatre well-wishers of the country at the fact that some very to deunthe tendencies and movements have been developing lo our national life during the last tro centrld of political pob Hection and pertkularly during the last few decades. There must be arrested outr country b to be worthy of the free dom which has come to a Wroly u a gift from Mahatma Gandhi. Samne of those in the almost territable roult of our political desery which always replezte Ha on pecullar attitoda ed alot od techniques of metal which co um fortunately keepted be most people. It b only the elect ·the morally and intellectually strong, who can withstand the temptation to ruccumb to there may Other tudence and chincterdetics han resulted from our moro rocent pre-Par tition and post Partition blatory of communal and soctarlan conflicts and the leashing of mmy umdeirablo forca which always try to come to the top at the time of grant thocal crise and upbernals. The modo sconomic o wll the educational force that buvo been operatiog in our life for decades have placed a premium on rolAthness, an exploitation on a narrowly util turlan outlook, in a word, on a philosophy of life which was mot What put into life! but What can I get out of life? Hence the wido-spread black marketing, profiteering Jobbery nepotten und full in gonerol dvic Handards which our national Loaders well u our thinkers and aducatlonlsts have been publicly and repentodly deploring! It occurred, therefore to the organber of this Convention that it would be a good thing to bring togother group, copulating of representative of untrendte od other educational and cultural bodies, to meet together for about a week and to thrash out some of these problems oder the guidance of a few londons of thought, in a disperdonato cadence and poo-political spirit The Organbing Committeo grateful to all who responded and belped to make the Convention a puccm. Our Chairman Shri Satyldain who wu to write a foro word to this little book, could not do so owing to Indlerposition. We look forward to his speedy recovery and continued guidance in the text we have undertaken. CN Patwardhan Secretary 2

·DELEGATES TO THE CONVENTION
Dr Mulk Raj Antod, Bombay
Prol. B L Atrey, Benarts Untrendy
Dr P C Barchi, Shanth Nikartan
Shil Noblul Bhatt, Government of Saurita
Pondpal Christie, Bornbay
DE & R. Du, Corerament of West Bengal
Shrt S. 8. Darum, Now Education Flowship, Bombay
ProL V K. Gokak, P.IN
Shri B. N Gokhale, Indle Worpen University
Prlacpal P D. Goptz, Agra University
Dr Abld Itaal, Jumla Liti.
Dr Zakir Ilusalo, Jemis lla, Hindustani Taimi Sanch
and Algart University
Wy llantwall, USA Information Servica
Sturl Tolu Tirtha Laluhman Short Jashl, Wal
Priodpal 8. B. Jomnarlar Runl Unirralty Amand.
Shrt K. Nanin Kale, Poon
Dr 6. BL Katre Poona University
ALT JA K Blertyn, Indlan Public Scbools' Had bis
ten Conference Dehra Dun
Dr Ketidos an Indian Cormel of World Alatra
loo. I'rem Nurain Slathur Education and Home Afind
ter Rajasthan
Bhrtmati Unella Pichta, All India Worden. Confervace
ProL N A. Nam, Lndian Institute of Culture Bangalore
Di Sir R. Plaanpre prona
Shri N Patani, Qorerament of Kutch.
Prol. CA Patwardhan, Bombay
Prol IP Hitmanban, Pooon

·Pandit Vinayakro Patmardhen, Gandharva Maha V layı, Poona Dr LR PhMlips, British Council in India, Agn Sardar Poocanangh, Government of PEPSU Unlon. Mr R. Ble. C. Sumplas, Bitish Information Service Dr N & N Sestry Indian Institute of Scleoce, Bangalore Sur D L Sharma, Government of Rajasthan Dr K L Shrimall, Vidya Bhunn, Udaipur Dr Ishwarnath Tope, Osmepla Univerulty Shi K L Valdyanathan, Hindustan Scout Association. Shrimati Shirin Vajildar Academy of Dancing, Bombay Prol A B Wadia, Berode University Shrtmat Sophia Wedha, Bombay ShI B. H. Zaldl, Former Chief Minister Rampur The following, while wishing the Convention « ruccoth, regretted their inability to Rttend Hon. Maulana Abul Kalam Anad, Education Minister Government of India, Shri C. M Acharya, Utkul University Shri E W Aryanayalam, Hindustan Talimi Sangh, Prof. K. R Srinivus Algengar Andhra Unlverkty Dr A. Chidambar sath Chettiar Assaslat Univerzity Shrt K. V Dubey Vice- Chancellor Nagpur University Prof. Mohamed Habib, Algarh Univerity Dr M R Jayalar Poona University Dr Humayun Kabir Educational Adviser to the Government of India, Delhl, Acharya Narendra Dev Lucknow Unterdty Ral Bahadur G H. Sinha, Patos University. Dr KL Sort vastavı, Bhopal, Dr Terzchand, Secretary for Education, Governmat of India, Delhi, The Roglatrar Travancoro Untrendy ·INTRODUCTORY SPEECH BY SHRITA. PAREKH [28th October 145] Bocorable Prime Minister Ladies and Gentlemen, It is a matter of both pride mod pleurre to extend to you all a very barty welcome to the Convention. I wlah, I did not frgure anywhere in thb comference, but my friends, who harro been helping me for the past may months in dovbring mod arrying out certain plans of education, dedre that I should my a few words by way of Introduction. Last I should do plause them I agreed. At a very srly age, I realized that life for a national being that man L, annot moun meto physical arlstea. It has Its spirtual do the finor de, f I may my mo, and it has in cumbent on every person to try to the best of his ability to develop thla finer Ade of life. I wondered how best I could do this myself. "Ilves af great be remind the poet hos Amg, "waan make our Itres mblime" and so I drank deep at the fountain of their life historia. The result wu. pendonato dentre to me to render whatever ryce I could to my feDow being Let me tell you, at the outset, that I have always looked upon bumanity one. I believe Lo One World and Univeral Brotberwood To me all men ut sons of one fathe God. Nothing, therelorg distremes me more than to see the many difference that at present. To my mind, they are : product of misunderstanding a lack of proper understanding The remonl of such mlaunderstanding and the establishment of better understanding between men and man comed to me en Imperative desideratum, and I was convinced of this apo clally alter witoetsing vividly the effects of the haut World Wur long ume even before that a matter of fact, I had made up my mind to retiro from bruddet at particular and to devote the rest of my life to the service of humanity aod, when the time carte, I didro sith determination and the 5 ·explains my dechadon to place at the disponl of my country all my resources, and, of course my personal services & well for what they may be worth, for cultural and eduational activitie Great changes have taken place the world over during the lat docude, the most outstanding of them from our paint of vlow being the withdrawal of British power from India. What followed b recent history, the good and bad memories thereof are fresh in the minds of we all. Many amongrt w must havo often echood the famous line of poet Wordsworth, "Have I not Teton to Lamont what man has made of man?" If we are to prevent a ropetition of the umpleamunt experience wo hovo had, prompt and positive action to the right direction is ad. mittedly decorary whilst the lessons are suill frah to our minde. In other words, the arylag nood of the hour & to focu impediate attention on this and direct all offorts in ono channel All Indians must begin to think In unison. Political freedom bu come political integration is an accompilahed facts but that not enough, If the great work of that gront deported noul is to go on unimpeded. Unity of purpose unity of out look, and unity of action are the triple uitlos which everyone of w munt strive for today This tak lado doubt difficult But all energies will have to be bended in that direction if the independance of the country to to be preserved and real pouco b to be re-established Evtl are many not only in national but to boternational Ito as well Let us not be welghed down by them or even by the thought of how enormow the tuk of overcoming then is Bat let us be determinod to contribute our share for the en dlation of these evils by removing them at least from our national life, make a modernt start It is to thb end that I sought the bolp and guidance of certain erinent personalities to this country immediately on my retum to Lodla. By pature, I am a pochist and a firme bellover to the force of Ideas In the nice between lau and arms It keu that will and mut trumph It la Decorary to have a right type of mind for this Intellectual confudon b great and f our activities are to be in the right direction, clan and clear thinklag is absolutely essentbol The ono 6 ·mm, who did this for the whole netton and who never allowed the country to min from the Alght path, hos unfortunately bet patched awy from us by the cruel hand of destiny The burim now fall on you, gentlemen the leaders of thought. The role purpose of calling this Coovention to to bring together u many londing itelloctuals o possible. Hero you ban bero provided a coguma platform for all thadon od schools, of cultural and educational thought Certain problems in placed before you in m radombo forn. Please be o good to deliberate on these and other problems of vital importance to our dear motherland. Need I Ay the whole country will derine moarurable benefits out of your dbcou a mnd dellberations and deciskopi, 1f my Pla remember that, in forming the judgment on India, other countries will not blange the greenl mare in the country for the shortcoming in our matbozual life Tho responsibilities for the will be laid at your door for not training and educating them rightly You have to Hoo equal to that rtspondbility Granthe smileren, that a change, and a change for the better b watınted, the question miso How ball batog about that chango? In my own mind, I havo not the last doubt, friends, that if any change is to be of a lasting natura, tt must come about a peaceful molution such a peaceful coluthom bocames pouble only if the mind to proparty traloed, and for that type of training of the mod, do tostrugat cum be more potent than education. Bedoy my plan od this conviction, I offered what I han pred out of my coming to certab Erhood, with a request to devine a scheme of odur thon, whereby the pre-requidte condition of antiopal unity conductve to peaceful progress could be created. The future of our country rests on the coming the tom, md lt , Kyordlagly vitally important for us to board that tbey are eduated property md along right lines. Let me not un out your patience by matating to detail the various abortcomlops to the national, social, economkond cultural life of our country All that has been pld tho Hrcular lotters despatched to you and the literature that we have rtcerved in the form of observation od 7 ·from various learted rcbaler All that I would say is that Intelligent planning and hard and continuous efforts on the part of every consciou perton ure Doctory at this stage for ovolving a proces whereby these defects could be removed. Concrete work to this direction has been envleaged by my friends and tro tentativo chemes have been drawn up, providing a system of education which prorales to prodace men and women having the right Hnd of spirit, vidon and char ucter These achemes will be cicalated amongst the metbers attending this Convention We propose to make a start by establishing two fastitotlon One will be the Institute of National Service on an Jl-India buds Imperting integrated education at a post-graduate level with rufficient Interno counts to practical fieldwork, covering mmy elements of social service. The second Institute we have to mind wil ater for the Intermediary group, who guided by and a co-operation with the trained men mad women of the Post-Graduate Instituto of Nattooal Service, would provide very ablo social workers to overy chure. This will be a very modest effort, and I bencech every one of the members present bero to attend individually helping band to the proposed group of workers who w dovole themselves to the regeneration of the youth. Maybe these plant of ours have thetr own mertts and decorits, wbudorn or folly right or wrong conceptions, but it is up to you to accept only those that you deem to be right, rejecting the mound mnd the impracticable without any qualifiatlon of reservation I have to request you to give wall help in this respect. By datng co, you would be adding your own quota for creating a harmonious, glorious, united and moral India, an India that 15 afficiently healthy and strong by Iboll to be able amply and effectively to contribute to cool tag a text and petcel] community of pations I would like bere to express my sense of deep gratitude to the Hon. Shri Baloheb Kher who has been mo kod as to spare his valuable time out of his multiple activities to come od baugurate the Convention I need hardly add that his prepuce bore will prove, beddes being very humble a pource af great forporation to us all. 8 ·To thank a co-worker in pubille may amoumt to mutaal admiration. At the risk of courting much charge, I mu themk my friend M K. G Salyldeh, Educational Adobnt to the Government of Bombey who has fully thrown in all his erryles and all his best thought to the work of orpablog thus Convention. He bw abo very ably quided me throud out during the course of the last year and my friends aod my el co further mured of his contido mupport for the educational work that we propose to undertake. In conclusion, I eated to all of you co upaln, very bearty welcome thanking you at the same time for drink mo Ach a pathent bearing.JAI HIND ·YELCOME ADDRESS BY SHRI K. CSAIYDDAIN [28th October 1949) Friends, As Chairman of the Organizing Committee I have much pleuure In soclating my all with the wolcomo which he beon extended to you by Mr Perakh. This is no conventional pure that I am wing-I am really happy at the thought that so many dlatingulbed men and women, who are in a podtlon to help to the reorientation of our botellectual fe and the patterns of our behaviour have come togother to dellbarata over this very problem. It is not, you must have noticed, a conference in the conventional re-the only thing conventional about it, I hope, would be its name but really meant to be a small, friendly decuadoo group of persons who are Interested in education and culture and art andoas to preserve and compolidate the highest value of our national life and belp in adjusting the national mind to the now de mands and urge of the art For we are living not only in a now and dynamically changing India but a dow world in which cleoco, Industriallam and new methods of warfard here completely reset the old problems. If wo are unable to adapt ourselves to the new dtuation and solve these problems Atisfactorlly we shall not be able to retain and consolidato our freedom or make my progress or contributo mythlog of value to the world. In the portod of our history that has fust come to an end, we were in a state of political holplermes and pational policia were formulated by our British rulen Iu psychological result wo a development of a state of mind which did not seriously concern Ibelf with the shaping of the future and was content to let thłog take their courra Their wrote many outstanding individual aceptions, no doubt, but I am talking of the general attitude that prevalled. It was sceptical of souch good cocaing out of organbed collective effort and it enjoyed the rather dublows atlduction of being 10 ·able to ucibe this to the fact of foreign domination. It wape og bich people were pt to bmg their own short coming und falud o well o the erll rtalte of political objection. Now with the attainment of freedom, thha dtuation has been completely changed mod we must bow taloo upon ouncives, fality and quarely the full responsibility both for our picts and our fallure This obrlowly calls for a mors objectivo, mort critical and more exacting self uppnabul, both ubdividuals and o. people ud a more dynamic attitude towards the problems that beset us. Odo obvious footliation for controing a conference like this is the challenge of this no respondhality which we, a touchons, thinker md writer bare with the administrators, the politicians and the state Now in this world of power politics, where for and volenco hold undisputed way and the Atorn Bomb wms to have become the final arbiter of the fate of the world, it may appear somewhat presumptuous for people lik, us, o ban Do more formaldable weapon to weld than the pen and no mbie stronger than the spoken word to throw into the arene, it may reem wosowbat presumptutors for m to bekom that we can arrest or dirert the fateful current of events. I want, in all humility to challenge that sumption and to put forward the proposition which be very very old, Indeed, but bu been elbowed out of the my to this 4-thet, de er more powerful than armaments and that its moman thought, rather than any of its mechanical products, which must triumph ultimately in deciding bumm affair. Many many yern aro, during the compurnthaly mild borrors of the Fuit World War the new Republic of Anarla put this proposition to words which I would accept without a change wWbo ares to paint picture now or to write my portry or to wierch the mening of language, or speculate about the Constitution of matter? It seems Hace fdaling wbem Rom barpe OT to edit a megalacto cover paper with ink, to cure about bopes that have gone stalo to launch phrases that are lost in the uproar? What be the good dow of thtaking 1 What ba crit compared to a battalion of Infantry? Yet the last remains that the fral argument egalost cannon b hone ·wbo steadily bald aloft the banner of moral value. So people fero trained in political Satygmaha, lo mas demonstration La brouklog thu lems and beavely secepting the consequence Now there in qualities which are very valuable in the form and stron of a political struggle they are of socondary iroportma and kometimes Irrelevant or even barmful at the stage of rebullding the social fabric of a Dewly libonated people. What ta Deeded for rices at this stage boa apacity for disciplined and co-operative effort, a healthy respect for law which one of the peoples own making a pirit of tolerance and accommodo than and a redintas to fubordinato personal mods to the demands of social welfare. These qualities have to be culth. puted through varlow educative agencies and through the quiet but trreldable presure of social institutions. If the dawn of freedom In India had not been rullled by blood and suffering and bittemots, which immediately preceded ad followed the partition of the country people would have entered into the new era of freedom in a very different mod constructivo pirit As It was, the country found Itrolf con fronted with a terrible dtuation and tho problems of refugeel, of communal disorders, of the broukdown of Law and the disruption of economic life threatened to destroy our freedorn, and, at least for a time they completely overshadowed that great achlovenent. If Gendhiji bed beer vouchualed longor We he would have turned the full force of ble dynarpic and mollowed personality towards this objective and ble love and wisdom and spiritual strtogth could have fucked the polson out of our system and redeemed our national soul Bat the wu not to be Even tho during the few Lateful months a the 15th of August when his screde light shope to our It u only he who stood between w od the hytterla ad violence that had swept both Indla od F Like a plague I shudder to think what might bere Gate not only of the Muslim minority but of the her und the values and Ideals for which It has and highest-of Gandhili hed not thrown hion ortno and staked hi, lue for the use of doo While tho whole of India was rofolclog, as celebrating the 15th of August, this lonely 14 ·to cty Halt to this madness and dve the patton bathin the ** the administration of oxygta pilgt gru desperately degree where people tre in a stata o politial startsy Luky be podbla to Lay down the foundations in the con of the elect wat may actually purecued to implanting them. But I lot majority of the ordinary people can acquire the attitude and quafite of free men when they have actually had a crato live mder conditions of freedom. So It would not bo able to pect that the forty crore of men and women could havo bern trabed for democracy of freedom before they had dy vital experience of genuinely free, dermocratie natation could baru betu done naturally and moothly f trendom bu tenchen and educators and intellectul loaderI th text phrase with a due sense of modotty but n, who art citr Dected with educational d cultural work, will not be bat role who will 1-our problem s touch tot dibrom It has become Decorary for us to enlae It totallyttthy ad diapertorately and to decide what we can do 10 tetor forces of deruption and dishonesty and create a chance of Lotegrity and concord which is cathal for the sectaid functioolag of democracy Gandhiji has beroda Dental left bebbd a rich legacy of moral and spiritual wbdom w man of God ma trudglor the villages of Dental to alter the faroos of communal medoes, boorling that the fight for free dos bad not eded but band to be continued to the bearby and babies cod bar the betts and minds of millions de precipitat lving la tbe villages and stor of Indha He wa, at least one to call up and comoldato lbs boet spital resources, the tog pellent the chance to Bght back to 14. The wecond Umfting factor was also psychologically take rent in the situation. I we shab to develop the qualities that curd and sustato freedom, we camot do wo to any opgestellen Now is to ime, however to acquire that osporlence and time Corpo under normal conditions But, ott is, ar at practical commonense He has broken down the bene and bildered the distance which divided the desses from miatt, les politsemans and the batellectuals from the contes people and so the my b open to w to follow In La and arry on the last of bringlog about problem, us ·Toorlantation both amongst the educated closed and the peoplo In general I shall not presume to tread on the ground which our distingulabed guest of the morning, Mr B. G Kher is to COVET In his Inaugural Address or to anticipato the trend of your discussions My only object in taking up your time, ts to place before you the nature of the problem u I see it. It weer to do that, brondly speaking, there aro two main baruos fpvolved to it. First we hrve to fight resolutely and systematically against all those morally paralysing tondendo which are producing various forms of DATTORDO, Intolerance and fanati con amongst u Inspite of the social injustice and discrim! nations that have difigured our wclety from there to time our tradition brs, on the whole, been one of humneniam. I to that word.not in the technical or philosophical sense but es denoting an antithesis of cxclusive and mibenlien Wo have at our best, welcomed and stillatod philosophical and rollglou Ideas which have come from various sources and used thrm to enrich the pattern of our thought and culture Loxtead of reject ing them u foreign. And when we have departed from that wholesome tradition, the result has been degeneration and decay In fact, as some of our grout writer and thinke Gandhill, Tagore Iqbal, Radhalutammo buve polated out over and over again in their writing, Indla hn been great and progrezdve when It has been receptive with the windows of her heart and mind wide open. It has tended to decline when ever It has shut itself tato mental isolation and refused to similate new elements and cultural trends. If this wu truo In the past, it a hundred-fold truer today when distance bove vanlhod and science and industry have Inked up not only the poople of ouch country but all the pooples of the world into a stronger band of Inter-dependence than ever before, Any developments, therefore that accentuate dividon and mtoleruce-whether besed on provlaclalle arreglooallo, or only antithetical to the truo genhus of to wenked her political and moral our schools and college wd oth propaganda agencies to fight ·and to ename that there reographical or cultural com Alations are not allowed to dbrupt the bed mity There is nothing wrong about ther, it is for people to love thelr bones or ther language or tha's Plus for after all, there are the things that one or in a culture. But love is an indlustre not an exclustes there is no reason in the nature of things why the rest ments should come to the way of our devotion to what It is true that the appeal to the marrow and the busest ensler xod people can be united more readily on the beast common prejudices and oppositions. But it b part of time tion of education to substitute the broader show for er narrower the ultimate view for the immediate and comme the dificult but right path when it would be by and attre tive to choose the wrong one It b here that there a partir of ways between the tacher on the one hand and the decat gogoe the ordinary politician and the propemdist op de other They are out to explolt people s prejudices and fallen to their own advantage and, therefore their interest lies La wcting as a megaphone for them. The true teacher and the thinker however refuse to swim with the current or in padder to popular prejudicea They are concerned primarily with the inculcation of right values and attitudes and while they are anxbous to study populer psychology to achieve eller thvedea of approach they are indifferent to popular sccharn. They have or should here the courage to rwm egahet the current so, we are to be true to thb splilt, we must a all the peyzbologiaal resources at our dbpool to build up to the younger generation liberal outlook, a hroud valoa anda gracious spirit of tolerance I put it to you respectfully that we shall be woworthy of our position if we are not willine to take the rand resolutely In farour of what we consider Hght and painst what we know to be wrong Otherwbre, u I may say mo, when the ult has lost its prour wherewith a It be alted? The record true that confronta general decline In our apic standards which is ren in the growing corripton, nepotism and Jobbery in our publie le to the lowering - of our cliclercy mertry-day things of our pride in crafts ·manship of our capacity for diacfplined and cooperative effort, against which our public leadert have beto rablog thetr valce of protest reportedly I am not alre sough to believe that all than things, which have who their do ponante toate, to be cured only through educative tabi akce Hut I buvo nu doubt either that even the most perfect moclo-economic system and what a distant prospect that #1 cunnot pomably charge, by itself to hearts and minds of the people and that it is becattary to supplement it by a oond educational liort wedded to these me I am pot at all ruro that our educationists and odational Institutka have setkaly concerned themselves with the problem. They have been preoccupied far too much with camination, wyllabums, text boob mod the study of specialized branches of knowledro to be able to give the student either a boud and coherent vier of the world and their place to it or a Houthven to questions of values atutuda und standarda I am mosted at the sny our students after post through college, latellectually worthed, emotionally ungukkered and without forming hublot of hard work and wtegrity and critical thinking Naturally therefore to later life they fall BEY vctw to lackzers, breflicterey and gib propaganda It is this paychological state of nestation against which we buvo to struggle. I would venture to post to you that all Se recent palstal distortions in our national We od cyber gence of many parties with thetr Ideology of separation, their technique of emploling differences their serTOW revivullat uod Intolerant outlook art sot merely political facts, they art the moral and psychological symptoms of deep-rooted dbense. And what appear to the superficial observor us a puli for power aromapit different individuals or groupa u ulo, at a deeper lesetpul for poner between competing Ideologies and value of We. As educators, we are part of this great fight between reuson, decency tolerance and homenban on the wo hand, and intolestart Huberalien, obocurantium and bind reviralbor on the other Alay it be gred to us to fight hard and fight den in this battle fn the light of the viction mod wisdom that was lahatin Gandbl 1 and the courage thai Jerrubar alt 18 ·INAUGURAL ADDRESS BY THE HONBLE B, G. KHER, CHIEF MINISTER OF BODIBAY [28th October 1849] Mr Chalman and Friends, I detur it a very great prtvller to be anked to Inaugurate this Convention the first convention om Cultural Unity to Indla mder the nupies of the T A Perakh Education to dowment It la bowever a difficolt privilege to locagurte en hembly ruch yours, electrd bocnum, in your own way you are all distingubed scholen thinkeri od botolleotuul leader After all wbat am I expected to do accept to met you thinking? Well, if that has bot been done alrudy by the very for speech which Mr Satyldata be given, I am afraid, I cannot be expected to be more accesful. And yet, you have done me this bonour I bould Hike to my a few worda wblch, I must conies at the outw, do not clothe my own thoughts only All that is worth whille to what I may my- you find anything worth while at the bottom bibed and sbcorbed from abode of very grert alibro who hurre been benefacton of mankind md whom I have had the opportunlty to study throughout my He. I am happily reminded on this occasion of our ident day when I arroundings not very different, I appone, from what you find yourselves to today our houry ancestors distressed and hammered out the very poble truth that kro ow handed down to us od barve become India s prost bert tage. It wu an sembly alled Upenished whern bey at naranch other end exchanged Ideas on a footing of equality mondful of the Article ed the orice of this woked world of this good world recording to the mood to which you happen to judge Il Podbly Janata no there and he was monarch Another are might be there, who wa mabao huto pauper who had so mal to the morning and who come ·manahlp, of our capacity for disciplined and cooperative effort, galut which our pabile lenders have been nating their role at protest repeatedly I am not talvt enough to believe that all these thing, which have also their bodia ocenomake roots, can be cured wly through educative Init ca. But I have no doubt either that even the most perfect pacto economie system and what a distant prospect that b1 www.cannot possibly charge, by itself, the hearts and minds of the people and that it ls secerary to applesent it by a consciou educational effort wedded to these cada I am not at all rure that our educatlonists in educational Institation have verioruly concerned themselves with this problem. They have been preoccupied far too much with examloatlat syllabus, taxt bocks mod the study of specialized branchen of knowledge to be able to give the students either a broad and coberent view of the world and their place to it or wenstveness to questions of values, attitudes and standards I am uurd at the way our students often prax through colleges intellectually unscathed, emotionally imquickmed and without forming babits of bard work and integrity and critical thinking. Naturally therefore, in later life tbey fall exy victim to slacknen toeliciency and gllb propoganelen It was this pagyabalogtert state of pepatica apainst which we bure to atruggle. I would venture to repeat to you that all the recent pallial distortions in our national lllo and emer fence of many parties with their kleoloos of ropuntiam, thetr technique of exploitiny differences, the narrow revivallat and Intolerant outlook are not merely political facta, they art tho moral and psychological symptoms of a deep-rooted dbrenne And what appears to the superficial observor u a pull for power arrogat different indlsduals or group has abo, at a deeper lovel, a pull for power between competing Ideologies und malues of life. As educators, we are part of this great fight between renon, decency tolerance and hownlom on the one hand, and Intolerance, liberalbm, obscurantisca and blind revivillam on the other May it be given to us to fipbt herd nod fight clear in this battle in the light of the vision and wisdom that was Alahattu Gandhi's and the courage that ks Jawaharlar 10 ·1 INAUGURAL ADDRESS BY THE HON'BLE B. G. KHER CITIEF MINISTER OF BOBIRAY [#th October 1849] Mr Chelmen md Friends, I deem It a very great privilege to be uked to largurate thb Corrvention the first convention on Cultural Unity to Indla under the rupea of the T A. Parekh Ecxcation to dowment. It ts however a difficult privilege to trugurate muxembly ruch us yours, selected because to your own way you are all dalngushed abolers, thinkers und Intelec tual leaders. After all what am I expected to do arcopt to met you thinking? Well, that has not beto dono alrwady by the very fine speech which Mr Satyldalo has given, I am afraid, I cannot be expected to be more picioarful. And yet ** you have done me this honour I should 1. to my low words which, I must confess at the outset, do not clothe my own thoughts only All that is worth while in what I may my- you find anything worth while at al-has bem to ubed and absorbed from miods of very preat allbro Who have been benefactors of mankind and whom I han had the opportunity to study throughout my Iba I ara bappily reminded on the occasion of our ancient days when to partouodmor not very difett, I suppone, from wbat you fiod yourrela ba today our bouty Incestor diacuned and haramured out the very poble truths that Dow handed down to us and have become Lodla prat herb tose. It ww mwembly called Upunbond where they mat par ench other' and exchanged lens on a footing of equality urtonindful of the strugdia and the police of this weed world or this pood world coording to the mood to which you bappens to judge the possibly Jenaka re there and ho vua monarch Another are might be there who wu mabao hute pauper who had no meal in the morning and when ·because he wanted something to live on mnd hoped to get * to cows and an acto of land from Klag Jenaka Yet that great monarch at at his feet and tried to learn and find out tho great truth great truths which a life-tipe of bard work had not enabled him to understand. I am very glad that this hall, which, I am told, ured to be the ball room of the old Government Hour, is not going to be put to this lise, whleht, you will all agree in dot, at any nie lens weful than a ball Im told that the object of the Convention is to help the development of culture on sound lines and to eradicate un healthy and fissiperous tendencies which ara maalfesting themselves in our national life and reference to which have been made by those who have spoken before me. Mr Parekh had made for educatlonal and cultural purposes, a generous endowment of which the object and Ideals are described Inter als as follows "The human being perhaps the roost blessed aitation of God has a clear duty to his kind Creator and every thought ful person has an obligation or duty to do something that would bring happiness to mankind Many evils brought about try the war and the conditions resulting therefrom havo made men even more wolfish, more darrow-minded, poorer to outlook besider making him rusplelow of overything that goes on around him and therefore highly sol preserving. How much one longs to be free Eron mich an atmosphere One word that struck me to this suterpeat of abjectives b the word perhaps Why pertups't Certainly the human boing u the most blessed creation of God and every thought ful person has a duty to bila kod Crestor-the duty to do 2017cthing which will bring hepptizens to mankind. You will agree that the objective is poblo and it is a son of the times thal alter the great crits through which the world has pas od we are number of organimatroos trying to Infulate actriller intended to brme peace and happiness to humanity to abollah was and confixus, and so to reconstruct society as to climbute font want, actress, grsorance and misery from our mids. The United Nations Organization is the biggest o nich organiza imon. I am very glad that Mr Parekh has bede it possible for ·all of you to come togetbar to add your contribution to this noble tak This is a cultural convention Nou I have often patient that thb word 'culture does not mean the ame thing to everybody Sorbe confuse it with the ability to speak several Imguns so well that you are not even able to know which to the mother tongue of the speaker! Some arroclate it prith out ward and perfelal behaviour others again mocate it with general pollsh, mannen and luxury Yet we all know that. man may posen all the things and be far from being a cul tured man. Culture in a way to a very complex Idee Before you, who an scholan and profeuon se at least a dat faced before me wbo can define almost anything I confers it b very difficult to define culture Attifactorily It has certainly ccaething to do with languages and literature with religion, with the educational atten, with drea, with music, with photo lorophy Il signifies the cultivation of a certaln way of life the eflects of which ua wholo constitute cultura. We all lt Sanskritt Krtti Le sctloo is the bula of this culture. The ultrato atm of ach cultivation should be the ability to develop our focuitles po that we mury realbe our Identity and one Dem with the rest of the creation-sealira, in Landau 1 words, that "Lovo, Amarones and Seilleunens, which have a farmi llar tredblanc with our three ancient words, Bhakth, Dharma and Tafragmamane idential or at least they represent difer ant manifcstations of the Ame state of being It should be clear from all this that Culture i concerned entlally with one conduct and being with derp huram relations, not with superficial attainment, therefore this Association wishes to give load on the subject we court find out the motirt and main prings of human conduct and bu mon relationship. If * want to achlove cultural Unity la India, which the avored object of thus cultural convention, * must try and understand what India stands for how in the life and conduct of our peoplo art alculated to rala what to stand for and what should be done to attuno the con duct of our people to the desired objective Tell, I do not cary your task I am glad I won't hate to share the code or blame whatever It u, for your !

·But, you must realize that if you give a clear-cut answer to guide us, you will be the benefactas not only of Indle but of the world. Future generations will remember you with grath tude And, as Mr Satyldan has said, it is the duty of overy we of us to bring our best efforts to bear opon the solution of these problems, so that we may all travel at least a little distance towards the goal we bare to view The whole history past and prevent of India shows that It I har genfw to live and lot live, to attain her ends by petceful evolution. In her oges, petual well being has been more valuable than mate Hal prosperity that she never xnt armies for conquerta but spread her goopel through scholan and philosopher There have been wars to India s hlstory made by foreign horde who attacked and overrrn India, but do nover made war of conquest. Her anclant agus taught that the wholo universo wu parmeated by the univerzal soul, that the poul was one and identical at all times, in all ages and in all countriers that distinctions and differences were uhory and uporfidal and love, renunciation and sufferings were the Law of life. Happinen does not consist la the rocumulation of ophemeral and perlahablo possessloos but in the observance of Dharma the right conduct which is the portoanent, Immutable rule of the universIt only right conduct that matter-not the overchanging ruccession of pleasures and pain, miery or happiness. Our ago tanght us that while Dharma is eternal, happ! pess and misery are translent भों नित्यः मुम्पार पनित्य । They exhorted us न गापामान मयप्र स्यात् । पम पोत् गौस्तिस्पापि वा। One should not abandon ODOS Dharing or right conduct for achieving pleasure or happiness or out of far or out of greod, one should not abandon Dharma oren of death is the consequence. This was tho Ideal, the basic principle on which the culture of Indla people was moulded in the post. If we hope to construct the futuro soclety we cannot Ignore the course of history While I do not wrocate undue glortfication of the post, I see in history • purpose and a comtnuity Il our future work is golog to be of a type -leh will enduro you have got to take into account the genlw of the 22 ·people Now what did these people tach at They do covered that the way to happiness did not lie in the direction of Incrtadog and Atlating wat While it is to disputable that in order to liye mm must bave bread, it this pature md glory that he does not live by brad alone. If anyone goobs to make humanity happy by increasing ever mor the pupply of all there things which to need for ou plynlaul well-beng, well, the lesson of India i history teachta w that heb destined to court daster and father "Borover much human ingenuity Incrote the tretares which nature provides for the Atlduction of human Deeds, they can never be rumcleat to Athly all human wants, for men min other creatures b glited and curred with an Imagtration which extende his Aputades beyond the requiropents of rubabstence" In a word, you can peror attain happt Den by mtbfying detre You must learn to control then. It bo been all that humo society will never excipe tho problems of the equitable distribution of the physical and cul tural goods which provide for the preservation md fulfilment of human lue. The way to happiness, therefore, lles in the direction of leuning to control, not to patiato dentre. It bad been discovered long ago that social fustice is the foundation of peace and happines. How bit to be secured? Fortunately among many human daire there is one unique deutre, the dedr to do right. This is the root of the passion for mehl jutico which mlinates the good man in my society This pansion has alrys a cortalo religious element in it which leaves the idea of justice with the ideal of love. Love and loletnoco are therefore, the basis on which social well-being most ret Almy poople fired by the Doblo te of bringing into entence an equilitarlo soclety hate propounded social in tems which mut retire the maine consideration of poople wbo are weckers eller truth and not committed to this or that type 'They feel that Justice and equality can only be esta blothed by the destruction of power It is power which makes for nequalities and for social Injustice and power and paint lege in modern society are wodated with primato property Equality and justice they believe I be attablished only ·through sociallation of the meam of production, le through the destruction of private property While it must be admitted that poelety must move towards the national goal of social Justice we cannot ignaro its econombc foundations. Experiments have also taught w that this goal cannot be reached by violent mons. A polution has been made by both the provlous spoken Mahatma Gandhi had a cortaba philosophy a certain way of life and a certain view of life which he placed bafore w clearly It may be a matter for argument whether all violence is introslully evil and all nonviolence is Intrinaeally good. But it may Afaly be worted that oven if it were posible to establlh an equilitarlan society by vlolence, It will never be poolble to maintain auch a noclety without the constant we of more and more violence which will inevitably repult in an Intolerable dictatorship. It will also give rise to moclal Injustice which would be worne than what was sought to bo removed. Wo an only move to wards the goal of social Justice by gradual ud ovolutionary processes in which a certain amount of inevitable coercion would be necessary but a great deal more of educational factors will have to operate. Coercion by itself ! not able to achleve much. The state an enforce legality upon peoplo by force but not monality The moral Kenpo an only be dovoloped by education, dlacipline and li-power It is giren to us only to apply the Ught of reason and search and scrutinize every remedy that is riggested in the light of the past experiaco of humanity and of our own capacity to reach the truth, benefitting by the progress of science and the modern methods for the discovery of truth. More than sclerce or art or religious Htes, moral beauty is the bou of civilbation and culturt. The moral sense and moral Judgment need not necessarily be associated with great Intelligence to enablo man to achlove happiness. "The development of the moral sense and judgment must be the rupreme goal of education, because they mee equilibrium to the individual Tbey mako him a oli social edifice." In the case of those wt tudes of Industrial civilization to this put Intelligence fint or moral * 5 ·that the happlext und mout ureful no cont de valinto gruted whole of intellectual, moral and arguolc activities. The quality of these tctivities and also thels equilibrium give to much a type Its asperiority over the other" The developmeat of complete human beings must be the alm of our efforts "The maledy of our times is that the mori venne is almost completely ignored by modern society Robbers enjoy prout perity tn pexct. The rich man hu every right Politicians protect blm, fudge respect him." Thou are hereh words but I am only quoting froen man who has correctly diagnosed the disenso from which noclety ruffers All this must be changed. Our valuts must undergo a great transformation We can only thiok of remedles If we correctly define our obfective to the words of a great thinker "We must um at culture without conflict; machines without slaving factories, Aclence without the worship of matter This would restore to men hiba Inteligenes his moral sense his verlety and lead blm to the mult of his development." This is the high pur pose by which we must be animated. This will teach us the beauty of Herther Our Oducational ryttern must be so devid u to inculcate the necesary disciplino in each stage of life-childhood, mkidle Art and old age. Our ultimate pur poso must be the detaloponent of the human personality This high and noble goal cannot be chlored by short cuta We met study the poort in order to datte leone for the future and if we koos what is wrong with our society we can try to find the repedy in thus Convention I we that Dir Saiyidain hw pored for you a formidable lot of problem. It is true that we are Puffering from all these evils-Individual and communal xeithne regional to, nepotism, Corruption etc. But there are really only the Tymptores. I do not pretend to be able to prexribe a reeds for those The object of a convention nuch as the ope la which we have mel, ts to think collectively and reach cooclu sons by ducunton and argument which can then be given shape of concrete propositions. These propositions will then be unplemented by coptoom cookat. As I hatt Ald, it is only through arduous thought, pell dieplone and wall.contre thut we will be able to achieve what fe hare set ourselves to ·through socialization of the means of production, Le through the destruction of private property While it must be admited that soclety must move tomid the national goal of social Justice we cannot ignore its econo mnic foundations Experiments have also taught us that this goal cennot be reached by violent means. A solution bas been made by both the previous speakers Mahatma Gandal bed. certain philosophy a certaln way of life and a certain ples of Ilfo which he placed before us clearly It may be a matter for urument whether all wolenco is intrinsically ovll and all on Holence is intrinsically good. But It may safely bo trerted that oven if it were prouble to establish an equilitarlan society by violence It w dever be possible to maintain such a Boclety without the constant we of more and more violence which will inevitably result in an intolerable dlctatorship. It will aloo give rise to social injustice which would be worse than what was sought to be removed. We an only move to wards the goal of social Justice by gradual and evolutionary proces in which I certain mormt af fnevitable coerclop would be nocessary. but a great deal more of educational factors will have to oporate Coercion by itself is not able to achleve much The state con enforco legality upon people by force but not morality The monal sense can only be dest loped by education decipline and will-porrver It is given to us aly to apply the light of reason and search and scrutiple every remedy that is suggested in tho light of the past experience of humanity and of our own capacity to reach the truth. benefitung by the progress of science and the modern methods for the discovery of truth. More than science or ort or rellglows rites, moral beauty Is the basis of cruillation and culture The moral score md monal judgmont need not necesarily be boclated with great Intelligence to cnoble man to achieve hoppines. The developenent of the moral senso and judgment must be the fupreme goal of education, because they givo equilibrium to the individual They make him . plid building stone of the social edilce" In the case of those who constituto the multitudes of Industrial civilization in this machine ase would you put intelligence first of moral sense first' It has been muid ·have gathered laboriously durtut the year I of realizing that you can be happy you make others by The object of this Convention to know it's who havo devoted some thought to these prtles in the protetory of universities, chancellors and town bolan and sadanlo workert. You will £* 'IA 35 molition of this vital problem with all the best megy you that nothing but good will cont out of the eart Hon and other vills which are hatothox or I kng doubt, « poudng phoxe which we will receber * make the right chodce. We are always a little pontos em there ba mental conflict and we do not ko wacht right way If the solution that was propounded by Vision Gandhi-tbo age-old solution of Rulering and secure.com, a caring more for the good of other people than of your com, la the stekt solution, then our reconstruction of new Yory I be of one typo. Il, on the other bund, we do not thlak in and 4 wo belleve, for example in force and volena soda the doctrine of tbe super-man, obviously our solution will be different. You must think along the lines od the open at Arch that they challengo you to think they call upon each 000 of you to take decisions because on each cao of you depends the future of the world. Whether we throw our love on this dde or that, will determhoe what shape the future fotos to take. I am very bappy that we have had poopte han the poet who met the challenge, who preferred death to low bodour death to string up their principles. These challenta must be accepted by you today and you should be able to crystallico all that has been thought and maid and done by these great people so that we may understand their philhoophy and their scheme of social reconstruction I will not to you by attempting to go into the oudToW problems that firport on your Agenda I bave only indicated the direction to which I hove pought their wolation for myself the tree tlon our thoughts mud take in order to decide the right valor on which burro conduct wil bare to be bored if we wspire for that cultural imity which the object of your confertoa The fact that we are descontented be promiso that we will improve Ye must change our Ideals from material ·quests, wealth and power to the spiritual values of life. We will be able to transform this machine age and lay the founda too of culture and a contented poclety provided wo are able to take the right decision Then only will our caravan march Mullons und millions of people have done it before u. Wo an do it alao. We must learn to live and let Uve It is a great work and Hb doble world that we have como Into mone of the ways and means by which that task can be accom- It be a glorious truk that is before be I am air that this convention of scholars and educational workers will show us pllabed. (Principal Vyus moved a vote of thank to the Pretaler and the delegate) ·DISCUSSIONS AT TIT. CONVENTION I LEADING SPEECHI DELIVERED EXTIPOLE DY TUIE HON'BLE PN LATHUR Sabject Need For a Broad Outlook [28th October 1119] Recorder Dr L Topu Mr President and Friends It barcot honour to me to got this opportunity to speak to the augurt audience Wo bave wembled here to decu and to deliberate with a view that our digitions and deliberation would provide w with background for action. So there is nothing wrong if this conference or convention con fines to dlacurons anly I think we are here to initiate curtain thought currents that would lead to correct direction in the field of action and I think there cannot be my disagreement about this that in our country particularly and in the world uwbole at the present moment there Is the great noctulty for right thinking We bora beard perches in the morning and we have attempted to put la precise for the busve before We all know that we are using the world of conllcta There are conflicts in every walk of life on the political plane, on the economic plane on the social plane in on the international as well as the mallonal plage We all know that modem avilizatlon is un atranked wiltation and has to its credit certain achievements. But we are lo conscious of the fact that there something that I lucklog and I there many dded conflicts that ince us or rather the whole humanity are pot resolved and in are not lo • podtlon to find out volution for these condits, there is every danger that our LI ·civilization may come to an end. We hour this danger-dgnal every day So, the problem before w is that we are Aralde conflicts of u kind Now these conflicts naturally artse on mccount of the variety that age in the univerzitSo long as there are different countries, there are different idoologa, different thinkers, and I may hazard that po lomg u thery are different Individuals, differences will continue to exist The question 1 How are we going to face these differences Are we going to barmonbze thero, or are we going to accentuate them by taking an aggressive attitude and letting the other man's point of view bo suppressed by our own ? That is to any uro ve going to wastmilato ad unify the differences and thus promoto unity in diversity or aro we just going to divido our wolves and thus detroy all that we have built so far I That a tn fact the procls logue that faces us, our country o well o the whole world You know that so long u India was not tres, there we at least one thing that brought us all together most of wat leet There was one common objection before our country that could unify our efforts, and creato unity to our outlook, and that corrmon objective was our urge for political freedom. Now we have achleved poliaal freedom and we are out to build a new ladle This is the thone when all our afortu Abould be coalesced, when all of we should stand and pull together But to our great distress we find that that unifying force la abwent today We seem to be working at cron purposes Now this s pot what it should be. Of cours none of us wuposted that there should be a mechanlal uniformity in our country or to the world We are not here to ruppress the differences to vlow-palats or differences in outlook And yet, pro focl that there the necessity for something comtoon la our outlook, something if we may ay so that will provide us with a cortpon background for our various attempte Thrre should be something that will propide unity to the midst of the variety that is bound to exist Not what can that unifying thing be 7 We have ald that we are bere to promote cultural unity I would like to my that it is not only the question of unity soldat different cultures. It is a question of unity in ·crety aspect of lifo In pite of the fact that to all these yudos aspects there might and there would endet differences also So we are here so far as I bare been able to understand, to evolno pone conmon outlook, some common approach towards the problems of life. What is that common approach that this Convention am evolve and put before this comtry and also before the world? That be the problem as I yer tt There an old to be two different approaches to life. Ope of them is alled the material to approach and the other Lolled the spirituallatio approach. It bald that the beritage of this coumtry be puttual battage and we should develop an outlook that L splritual and moral We wo often ay that the modern und the western world has developed a material Lutto outlook towards life, and if the modern dirillation and modern clence are to be put in thelr right place, it is decet mry that wo give up materialism and recognize the dmific ance and importance of spirituallam. Only then could the Lack of equilibrium that we find in the world today be brought to order only then would equilib turo be restored in all the Talks of Wife That I how wo alten her our cbolar mod lowders describing the problem. I shall, however make one humble submbolon to you reparding this duruction between the matorlaltic and the spiritualistic approache. By maldag auch a distinction, we make a timplication that there is Dothing common between the two approaches Either you choose the materialists approach to the or the spiritualists approach and the two are entirely disoreat. That is the home plication which emerges on making tho sort of distinction that I have just stren to you. I think, bowtver that there la forme common ground between the two. What Is after all the sam alled materialistic approach 1 According to this approach It is said that the end of life lies to the falliment & the desire of this world. If that to the approach towards We you uy that it be the materialist's mpproach. The spiritualist, approud we may defines that approach which rocopatzen the ultimate end of pfe not to the pleasures and achlerenent of the world. It is momething beyond the Now I wish to make this rublesdon that whether you about material progrs or at spiritual achievement, there is bound to be at least oor ·common beckground, and that common background in to tain standard of conduct or propriety, or you may all it the moral background. I delíbentely make here I datinction between the moral and the sptritual. I do not belleve that any nation, any people can progress even materially the mo called material clyilization does not possess a moral bests. And of course there can be so question of spiritual achtert ment without a moral basi, In fact, it is only after morality that spiritualim cama What, therefore, I wish to my bo this that it very necessary for us all to evolve & certubb approach to life before we onjoy not only what we all the aperttual progress, but also the material progress. For both of them a common background is necessary Gentlemen, we find today that the outlook towards life is not correct I will give you a very famillar example. When you go to the market, the teacher of economnia tell you that the economic principle is to sell at the highest price and to purchase at the lowest prico When you go to polithes, you think that perhaps the most successful polludan L one who has achieved his objective for the time being through what ever means he found convenient to use We remember of course, at this functure, the great and evolutionary lesson that Mahatma Gandhi taught us about the purity of meant But Mahatma Gandhi wus in exception rather than the rules Similarly when we talk of religion or spirituali we think that it is confined only to the temples mosques md cilirchen I will relato to you a vary mall and Insignificant incident which I came across but which had a great lesson for me Once I was standing by the side of tarmople and wo matching an old lady who ww hircling with another lady who was relilng flowers. The first lady was going to the temple and she wanted to purchase a garland in order to offer # to the dety The Lady was going for a religious purpose and yet not prepared to pay a reasonable price I wondered does it dgnlfy? Is this lady behaving spirttually ? I think the lady behovlour hes certain wenificance It shows that at b the dused ootlook tomunds ufo whleh to respons/blo for this sort of behavbour Sho was portaps thinking that I she wu purchasing . gelend, to purchase it a chap possible wa her duty And yot she considered hersell urelle ·Pous person wbood to go to the temple to adier gurlandı Now it b this distintegrated outlook torunda Ile with different standards of conduct for different ocendood ind spheres In mfe which is at the root of our present difficulties po far al understand it. If we want the modern villatlon to be prematved und abo to be adnanced, 1 m went the ntr Indta that L in the muklog to be bullt on sound lines, the one thlog that we educators, teacbers and thinkers have to do is to somebor erolve and then propagate this intemted outlook tomude life. But what to this integrated outlook towards life? What are lu ingredients? I would describe them briefly The first principle of this bategnted outlook towards life should be faith in democracy You Lobor democracy La great principle which be being applauded merywher, Eren those who oppose It In practice at least profem It lo theory Such to the charm of democracy I ako ay that one ingredient of an intepted outlook tomards Me sbould be falth ta derio cracy I must explala mynelf what I mean by this falth In democracy I mean, falth in the dignity ratus, and quality of man. We do not make any difference between the alcotty of ope man and another That Lour attitudo od that our approach I do not thereby mend that all men er equally We or are equal in apusty There are qualitative differ ences that exist between man and man. But our attitude and our article of faith b that the Interest of one man ha impor tant me the Interest of another man, whatever may bo haber status, whuntever may be hlo opacity Thb bone tusenthal and basic fcature of democracy Secondly If dennocracy L the underlying principle of our outlook on We, that outlook mi bound to be a human outlook This is then the wreand from credient that I would like to mention. If you put the same thing obxectively it may also bo aBed a scleoutc outlook towards This would the third ingredient As scientists we should accept arts a they count without Any prejudice he should value facts us they stand of course I remember the addare that statisties nod lauan be made to prove anything But, that is an example of the unpeoulty of man rather than the fault of lacus md stallation Tre should, therefore learn to look adeptifolly at tbe pra bieme al le devrlop obfcurity in our approach tomards fe ·life. Now if you put the ame thing ablectively you would all it a detached outlook towards Dife Haoce non-attachment would be another ingredient of an intented outlook an life. I may explain this little. Many of our dilliculties arts be- CADRO what we all reason is not the pare reason. It is reuon u vo wo # through a coloured glass. To develop pure rouron, . detached outlook on life is necessary It be here that the quer tion of the purity of the individual geu mingled up with the action that the Individual takes elthor o en Individual or pember of the collective group Our culture and our philosophy have always emphasized that one must look to self-development, one must look to opes on Internal quali tles rather than to the outside. In this connection I may refer bere to another example of a disintegrated outlook on life which we should avoid The example b illustrated to the principle thot publlc life is one thing and prtvate life another You can be a very intelligent man, you an be a very good teacher you can be a very great thinker but these things have nothing to do with the type of life you lead and what actually you are in action. This sort of diffused outlook, I ay is a wrong outlook towards life. Becmon If you are not A man who has developed a detached attitude towards problems it is impossible for you to look at these problems ob- Jectively You know that a scientust is one who bring po personal prejudices to the routerial that he is supplied with for his experimente now you as a socaal scientist are dealbog with birman material, You are making observations about men tho themselves possess volltional porer sod there is action and re-action betereen you us the observer od other of the obsered. Such is the pecullarity of social sciences. If you, therefore mot to attam objectivity in the field of social sciences, it is a very cosential condition thot you cross oll subjectives, you cross that stage of prejudices and pred lections Nor that can be done by sell purification only Hence, wbat ydu Ay and what you reason. do fret inter mingled with hors you act and Live Therefore I as that subjectively this integrated outlook on We would be . detached outlost whicb has been propounded la tho Bhagays! Geeta usa Finally this integrated outlook would be the dytame outlook too in other words a progressive outlook ·plex ategory of thought. But still I l place before you We therefore want that whatever may be our differences, y develop auch an integrated outlook towards life and that all persoas Hulog in the world, leastwiso to India, dould profeu and practbe that outlook Because only then la spite of our difference in the vurled faldle of Ilfe, vt, religlom, languages province podlal and political Ideolog ve shall be able to Hand together at least on Chls comteson platform of humantan md democracy And um we develop thila trult alin.cst as . Datlonal temperament, I would like to pay it would not be populble for us to develop common and contented nationbood Datlonbood that would contributo sokoething towurde world progren and world peace That the development of an totegrated outlook on lifo bered on moral and democratia value is the first Deed of our times to reldom recognized Now taking the example of India, we find that at present there are many forces that are working apabost this correct outlook towards life. What there forces are we all bow They have been named in the pamphlet that we loved and crculated by the Orceptulog Compliter. They are relfstora bigotry communal and mestarian wartawan, pervertad con copelon of culture and civilization and the Uke. But on dre meeting here on a cultural platforme, let me my thing about thu culture budness. Of course, I nera not to foolish a to attempt definition of culture which is a common como vhow polau wbuch I hare in mind the word cullore Is an all cobradog word wbkh locadas al aspects of men's ile and eclodat pertapt nothing beginntor from philosophy and religion and coding with superficial drawtartoon matters and polish But u would not be wrong to my thut cocotlalls and basically culture auld mean the lotailly at one's onlook towards Ufe which will lcare its preson on everything and anything that one comes across to thought, In word and in action of the culture so far xo have been accur tomed to talk in the context of different perples and nations, tolicious and rects and communities and custes We talk of the culture of the East and of the 1st of the Indian culture and the Chinese culture and the Japanese culture and so on po forth. No, we do not gop at that to talk of the Ilodu culture and the wallm culture and the Christian culture Te echo ·to the length of talking of a Maharashtrian culture, a Gujarati culture, a Bengali culture and a Rajastbent culture. Now all this is well and good, but to an extent and in a way caly Bochum, more tmportant and ral then this partlal and exdu stre view of culture is an overall and Induslvo view of cul ture And it is the over-all vlow that needs proper emphub today in a world of strtfe and conflict. I think that primarily and fundamentally there are only two dividing lines so far as the univers is concerned. Ono to the dividing line of time and the other is that of space In olden times we were not near to one another Our lives were different in different countries on kooint of the differenco In goography and national environments. These differences of space 3 de may call thern have also played an important part to the developroent of culture and civillation. But alde by side with space, time has also played its part Thus wo beve ancient culture medieval culture and modern culture differentiated on the vertical basis of time us distinguished from the horizontal best of space. But you know that today wo are living in a world where dotance k almost annihilated. What happens in one country has its Immediate repercus slons in other country The differences of space are fast loging their former significance in all walks of life includlog the cultural Today 6 the time when we can dovelop one common culture for the whole bumanity-embraclog the whole universe and transcending the different cultures which would, however continue to exist to enrich the common cul ture by their variety rather than to weaken it by their anta ponism mod opposition. Therdore the distinctions of culture based on scography or booked on one country and another are largely out a place today Anyone who speaks today In temps of the Eastern culture and the Westem culture the Indian culture and the American culture or the Japanese culture and the Chinese culture not as so many internal links of a cott mon culture but a separate entltles unconnected and uncoordinated, I think, speaking mon in terms of the post them in those of the present and much less of the future And when you talk of the Hindu culture or the Muslim culture I think you misusing the word PU Culturo Of to any cannot be hireling to ·particular language or even to my particular country Today we are here to develop a cannon wodd culture, i demochatk and human culture which is dynamic, nther than statke und which is prepared to recept everything new from all quarten provided it to ureful, and at the bude time culturc which is prepared to preserve everything that bald but weful. It is this synthetic outlook tarerde culture that We have to develop. Any other view of culture that exclusive partial and narrow we must roject and down To the development of an integrated outlook towards lifo ruch exclurlyien b an obstacle and m hindrunce that mit be removed in this connection I would place before you ano more point for your consention We rro all for democracy and everyone knows that we havo bern taught that the party rystem is coential for derno I mdrait that in Kens It to But motimes I think, that the party ryutem has also a danger połet for democracy After all what is democracy around md gemuine democrrey? A sound democracy would fourth when you get the propor environment and the opportunity to think cantificalby and without any prejudice and without any pro-concetred potions. This wort of oblectire and scientific thinking is the first thiog without which it is not pondble for us to frume our own bastructed and independent judgment about problem Every Individual should get this opportunity It petmartly the budach of educational Institutions to provide this environment. But what do partes do in practice? I am afraid that because they have before then the objective of Daining power they distort facts, they present them u tulta their purpose and, therefore to that oxtent they fall to con tribute to that correct and sexentific thinking which is a Knual for detDocs I think it ut common wenlanes and also a human seaknes that when we think m groups we are les lable to correction than when we think individunlly L you ut in a room all alone and Indulce un rellesamination and obernaton, my experience that you ll at time thunk more impartially than when you would alt with people of the same mind us you are. It is difficult to criticize our velvet in group. The upect of the party sortem is, there ·1 democracy in hurdan md more vale, in the Constatrate primarly upon 15 thier ft rube pomi us to produce young men and women wbo proti! fort, not helpfuu to the development of poobed denocacy I wil gre you a crtree example know that in Arctica party labels so by heredity , father is a democrat, you become a democrat pour is a ropubllcun, sou become a republican And IST this party system also in one pas crates on obstruction development of that outlook which, we want, should be In order to solve and harmonize the carbus confict when I ay po do not misunderstand ma impot an abolition of the party watem or pleading for : system. If parties are, as I have just told soz, barn halpful to the development of true democracy the very antithesis of democracy Therefore, it alurays prefer parties to the Party I barre ato mo made substitute to offer to you for the party syatem. I menot was that even the party system bos for democracy and we should be aware of it and tobakal I have spoken to you of the various obstacka hal In the way of evolving an integrated and home page There are many other obstacles alac; but I would not con upon thero. Our real problem is to devise ways and of overcoming there obstacles. In this connection SUT? out that the most effective and potential bucklows for purpose is education. So, we have to probe bor tonal tostitutions to such a way that they toooble young boys and girls a certain outlook towards the puted outlooks, as I have repeatedly po besed. dynamic approach to life as a whole, And LF a a tional luatitations understand the probleea ce la takdag this country and through it the ** that be the path of progress ad happiness A of oducetion, as you know to preciels touchers. I must emphasize that it is not syllabut, it is not the problem of marlly it is the problem of good to powered and influenced by any klod 11 ·the power of money It may be the power of Government, or It may even be the power of public opinion. Teachon mut Hee above orthatatta, rajanotto md lokentta A true toucher b 000 wbo responds to no fur or farour no thrats of temptations but only to his inner com clanca Such tachm we want we havo to croata tellite for the So often the question comes to our mind, quite often ftipald that If you want auch teachers, on the more pay I do not Ay that they should not be pald repably It the duty of rodaty and the State to bonour thedr teachers ood provihdo then with all Decorary facilities But I ay to the teacher Look bere, rerolutionary has to face all kinds of ordeals for the principle that he advocates and he does not ght for his falth and bla polactples on the precedent condithom that people should give him honour and status and money If not today at least tomorrow Very often, the pioneer does not get thou thing The Arne altuation our teachen should also foce. Because noclety does not give hiba honour or a high salary as it gre, my to a district collector or legla Latortmacher can ban no valid reason to justify or cuplama has not doing his duty to the best of his capacity and power He has to perform his duties In spite of their gotoy without proper recopolttom by noclety And, therefore I emphatically way that a teacher he broally a teacher has not tho slightest Justification to think otherwise. If be permita blousell to do so then be not teacher in the real wo of the term. And I wish, somebow It is made poolblo for us teachers and educators to think like this Our educational Institutions should understand this, the rol, central problem facing in. It is only then that it may be possible for us to God one way out of our present durequilibrtum. In the cod I cannot but reitente that it on our succen lo this roopact of evolying in tntegrated democratke, human, sclentlic, detached and dynenle outlook tosurds We that depend the peace, prosperity mod happioen o not only the Indian nation but the bote humanity of which Iodla bateral part, boosh Tery polficant and la portant part ·SALIENT FEATURES OF SHRI MATHUR'S SPEECHI (1) The aim of the Convention bi to dlacim and deliberate upon the ways uod means in order to ret lato motion thoopt curreats, which may help us to octlete. (2) The need of the hour right thinking with a view to understanding the nature of confilets on all planet of honan activity We are living in a world of conflicts and conflicting Ideałoglas Modern dolllzatlon has made napld advancement but Its achievements are the conflicts, not the polations. If no solution is found out for removing conflicts, then the world has to rulfer (3) Conflicts are due to a varlety of caur differences La Ideolodes, values and patterns of culture. This Conserzion bas to face the problems of conflicta of Ideologies, with . vow to harmonizing the conflictos viewpoints or solving them on the beds of the principle of unification or division This method of approach will bring peace to the world and India (4) Indla ruggle for frredora has come to ia cad. Now a new lodla s taking shape. New ederdes bave to be coulenced, but the unlfytng force to abrent in the buldlas up of Now India the difference of outlook should find place in the solution of problema. Out of the these differeacts * common outlook has to evolve. This will lead to the unity la direndty which provides wope for tho future development of the country on wmd imes. This conreatioa bas to look into the question of the unity la diversity and surrent way and moet for achieving it (5) There are too approaches of tackling cultural prom bloms (1) the materialistic approach, (u) the spintuolistic Approach. The East represenla tho spiritualistic outlook while the Tot stands for the materialistic outlook. To them these standpoints as distinct and detentative in their fori And contents is to create cultural desequilibrium. Thus, it k In the fitacu ol thing to sinke a balance la eflecting cultural equilibrturn, as there to much common round between the но устроні The end of Wo u its fulllmcat la all its 40 ·materialistic and spiritualitic aspects. The materialisthe conception is not coral-but onl. Hea monality md spirituality should go hand in hand in the remaklog of dit lization. This will repult in evalvmg to approach of life besed on the common background of monality and spirituality In olber words, tb would be an integrated outlook towards the New Lidla bo la Deed of ruch an outlook. (6) What does an integrated outlook towards life con ut of? It consist of faith and democracy Futh in the dignity and status of man is Its primary principle. Faith nullife the differene between men and mmes the Interest of ade man is u Important as the tnterest of another pan. If such falth in the dignity and status of men bs maintained, thea democracy is living poinciple Thwe falth and demo chcy will develop and cultivate the human outlook-objective approach to lo-or explicity opressed, sentiac outlook. In order to #rengthen the Ider of human outlook, the Abfective approach hos to po under Indla has always Hood for the correction of the subjective outlook by mophim szing the Importance of the inner culture or self-cultura (7) The differences between public morality and hodhyldual monality can be deutralized in order to create a new Pociety based upon faith and democracy The Chairmam asked the memben to ventilata their views on the tople deuit by Shri Mathur The followias discussions took place Sort Nlom 1 Whether the problem of culture has to be tackled from the world polat of vier or from the polato rlek of individual us a question that needs chutiny 2 What are those things which seed elmbuation from absorption into cultural values and how to determine the 2 The fundamental borue the removal of the large betreen Dations Unless this is dont un lotegrated as toruda ble mll not be feagble ·Di Suntry 1. The main problem is to find out ways and mours for establishlog cwtnl imity in India and not to think of the world wa cultural unit. The Ideal of the common man abould be there but the cultural unity of Indu berential and foremost out k woog with the India of today to actually the question we should face. There are factors of region alien, linguella and other real factors that come to the way of OUT sational unity Why is it that we Indians Comed all of a sudden, to think u members of one Nation" Surt Atrega 1. This Courveation is an opoch-toaicing convention, cued for solving cultural problems of this wountry 2 Need for formulating some basic priocłples of comme txon culture I Indla cannot afford to be cut away from the West or Western influences 4. The harmonization of the Eastern and Western cul tures is the need of the hour 5 Besle principles bould form the basis for se declar. zion of a charter of cultural unity Tere beste principles are (1) Indlant are the inherilors of all the wisdom the world to Inherited (U) Democracy be based upon human equality and equal opportunities for all (w) Culture u the cultivation and sublimation of human cutie & There burrent need for the expansion of cultural uvilles, not to be restricted to one country 7 Cannet better mience and religion has to be word in Shrimali 1 Tac development of Lalegrated culture bo doubtful 2 The need for the clasifiation of the concept of world ·Herse the promotion of cultural unity and 5. Culture Lo order to become a real living thios barat culture de urgently felt in order to be a clear platit cultural patterns * Each culture has its own characteristlet 4 While keeping the identity of each cultun ist it is purustad to And out ways and men for 1 cm mooting ground for all culture. It would be ind tiles # the diversity of cultura i neglected. & What can be achieved In the realm of culture an ecly bo pouble through a clear undertanding and appreciatra of different culture leading to the barmoobration of culture Shri Gupta 1. The Integrated way of life based on falth and deve cracy u advocated by Mr Mathur is of doubtful contentha 2 Democracy u concorred by Mr. Mathur l doleren frarn Its Western prototype. 3. We have got to evolve units of culture bored upon the priociples of fustle to which econocal factory home to play their active part The Hght of the freedom of thought be pre-requhetta condition for a culturod life as well as for pational tip-balld. log Dr Anand 1. Indle stands for userpollam 2. Cultural unity can only be conceived a different tire pattern entities but Dot et molence with the unity of 2 The differentiative patterns are bom of perpetologen lacton To destroy dwertified patterns of culture has to stop the whole progre of the country 4 drerity Indle pire common thing to all & The history of man has to be alted from POLOL, H the problem of culture is to be apprubet ·7 Such an approach will lad to humanistic activitat & The coming-up of Imperiallm in the form of lingur Ikun or regionallm 1 sign of danger Shu VadL 1. Agreed with Shri Mathurs views to a certain extent 2 Our trouble ts that wo ure nat bonest with our iden or with ourselva 3. The Ideallon of the West should be appreciated. 4. We are mullering from the conflicts in the realm of thought and action due to our dlhonest ways. 5. There is no real conflict between cience and religion -Religion is no lon-there may be many religions but Rell pon no-Ach an approach for truth is desirable. 6. For the teachers, somethlog has to be dono-the con dition of teacher ahould be improved economically ProL NA NI Tbo problem of culture may be put thus that it includes everythiog and that it excludes equally everything. Whether we speak of civiltation - Integrated culture for the world or for the individual, it make no difference, because, "States are not made of oak and rock, but grow out of the constitutions of mon" and, on the other hand, what is food or what is bed in the Individual flows in to the institu toms making them good or bad. But, we must alwayz, beglo with the ladividual and the problema of making an Integrated culture is the re-making of the Individual In the re-maklog of the individual and the world wo must keep two principles in mind the Individual must have to exted that kind of justico" which alled doing good to friends and wil to enlemler" It is the prevalenco of this conception in us and in our latitutions whleb constitutes a danger to culture and threatens to ruin the state society and International morality The ursk of the teacher therefore I to imbibe this truth first in himself and then to teach it to his pupus and by the ·Man to his power to pred it in sockdy Allen Ractaltom of Corrullen etc.) aro oaly rozlost apres sons of this fundamentally wroof comception and attitude Thla ls one of the two cwes which prevent the world from belog ane The other is the Fear that to withha in Touch armed with the mightlest of weapons the modern world woems umrmed, becaur, It be Dot armed pong Pear So the need of our time is philosophy and culture which koow Do ter either from "peroler" or from "Friends" Lea cultart whileta know Do "exemilaa" or "Erlends This culture to my mind bo Integrated culture thb, alone, eball prokrve the tran dover that we have either won, or help us to keep the freedom that has come to us ua pift ·I POINTS FROLI LEADING SPEECH BY PROF A B YADLA Subject Factors Malding Against A Netloml Outlook [27th October 1919] Rocordat Prof. L P Patwarihan There are three factors making against national out look (1) Comurrunalbm — At one time Hodu Mullm ten ston was the problem this no longer edats. Llam ka universal religion but in Indla it became communal bocture of the environment in Indla, becaure Hlodulom la communal The present problem is How far is this counnunalla in Hindulan going to be got rid of how far caste Public Enemy No I, I going to be exorcised. Then there is the problem of the Sikhs. The Sikhe hard shown themselves to be penrot to Hindus them to Muslims With a little controlling of martial ardour they will be good Indian As regards the Harijan problem, this also b not very acute. The Hariju bave shown their loyalty to Hlodulm and it is for the Hindu now to show that they appreciate this Loyalty (2) The Linguistic Problem-Prychology and History are on the sde o Regional Languages. Let the future of India demands that the Regional Languages shall not dort nate Regional Languages should be the media of instruction in Primary and Secondary schools, but they must not go further in the Universities they should be encounged but should not be the media of lastruction English has a unilsthe influence however sooner or later it will have to cease to be the medium of instruction in the Universites. FILodi 16 ·Il be the national languap and take the place which Enge lih bus o fer bald But it dearable that the Introduction d Hindl u the national language should not be proached by Hlodi-speaking poople themselves It is not popular in the South, but the South Indians are intelligeat and will muster it ha cour of thipe. Ered when Hindi become the national Language English must not be neglected It ba limguage of International importance and is scepty for maintaining our contacts with the outside world (3) Proricallan or Reglocallum-This is not . cret tion of the Britlah, but o inheritance from our history Abolition of Provincial Coveramente Mr Mmu Subednr, idet the best solutlon Verted interests, however aro against its adoption A *cond best solution would be maldng education Central qubject # not to all stages, at least in the University stage. This decuadtatoa that at leot in the postgraduate stam that should be common medium of Linction loterdience of students from one province to bother would be mother method of overcoming Reglanalla. Yet mother way is the Inculation of national Idea in all stages of education. Lastly thora bould be emphads on the study of history especially the hlæory of Culture The following discussion took place Dr Lr Parunpyo Ilo observed that be wroed with most of what Prof. Wacla had ald. As round the medium of trostruction in Universtles, borrrer be felt that the dificulty of the ques. lion had been rather eregrerated He blaxell did not know Freach well and he knew Gendarmleu wel thumn French, but when he attended some lectures to Parts and Germany matheroztical subjects, be experienced no difficulty to follow the then lle would prefer retaining English & tho Dedium at the post-graduate stage In ny ose the importana of English should not be mhaimized Mr Sunlren Sutd speaktos to an laternational rathering to English could mako a far greater Impression than If he had spokes to Hindi and thea his petch had been tranlated tato English or French.

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·will be the national language wd take the place which Enge Ha hatar beld. But it b desirable that the introduction of Hindi the Dettoral language bould pot be preached by Hindi-speaking people thereselves It la pod popular to the South, bat the South Indian are botelllgent mdll master It la course of the Eren when Hindi becomes the natioal Language Engilat must not be neglected It be language of mtarnational Importance and to picerary for maintaining our contacts with the outdde world (3) Provincialcom o Regionalism - This is not a wret thon of the British, butt an bhacitance from our history Abolition of Propiocal Government Mr Menu Subedars Hered the best solution Veted Interests, bowever Aro atst ttu doption. A second best solution would be making education Central object of pot tr 1 stages, at leurt to the Unfveralty mere Thbs Decemitata that at least In the post-grudimta muce there abould be common medlem of Etruction Lotercbange of students from ove provtoce to mother would be another method of overcoming Reglanella. Yet another way ba tbe bouleation of mational loan to all yapra of education Ladly there should be emphasis on the study al history aspecally the history of Culture The following discurton took place Dr LP Pinupo He obacrved that he groed with most of what Prof. Wadla bad mld. As regerds the medium of Lotruction in Ustrerutits, borerer be felt that the difficulty of the ques tlon had beca mother esseroledHe hrosoll did not know French well and be kner German menn vel the French but when he attended potae lectures Parts and Germany on matbemutui rubjects, be experienced no dilicuity in follore og there. He would predes retalning English as the medlem at the post-graduate stura lo any a. the toportando English bould not be mintanized Vir Srintin Sastri speakbo to laternational athertog Evplish could make largatet bropression than it be bad moten in Hindi mod then his peceh bad beca truslated bato Ebelih or Frosch ·Some attempts had boen made et coining technlai term nology in the replonal langurs. As regards these, he would uy that learning a science subject in a reglonal language with such colned terminology will double the burden on the student because the student would first have to learn this terminology and then to know also the Englbh terminolow becaure for supplementary reading he would nocerlly have to turn to boold in Engllah, as thoro ant no booka on sclentific rubjects in the regional languages. Technkaal words In English and French in almost the me. The Germans colned new words but thelr pre-ominence in mclana w great that others had to leam German to read their books. It would be very long before Indian languages attained ruch A poatlan. Shri Sharma The Hindu-Muslim problem has not been solved, but rather aggravated after Petition. The differences between Hindu end Malmu have not been raolved by partition. It is humanly Impossible that the Muslims who have remained in India should have changed overnight. More attention Deeds to be given to this problem. We should alma at creat int conditions for real barmony Prol Gupta The preceding speaker should not have spoken in the way he did. There were a food many Muslims even before partition who bed a betonalbtle outlook. Pakistan hos come into being not because of them but in spite of them. It was wroog to doubt the loyalty of Muslim u a whole Sectarian and Communal educational Institutions uro danger So also organintians panding under the name of cultural organizations which were essentially anti-ontanal and fascut in outlook India must be a Federation Untversity educatlan, bow over may be made a coacurrent subject Post-graduate teaching at leat must be in the methodol language bochu hbs axperience in the VP howed that students who had lernt upto the Intermodlato la Hindi found 49 ·#cult to follow lectures In Englied when they came to the BA Pro B L Arty Comunalb ded, aste te dred, but what threat national unlty now party portrament Dutarunt of Darty bart been the ruination of China As regards the language problems, there be really no darrer ta linguisthe difference The fexr that I replace! lurpem were deplads media of Instruction there would bo w pory technical terminologies u region bugunga ba grounds, as the mrlow noglouri lungiares, bedre Dearly allbed, when the le or dir tactinlaal terms Prol Barca He oblected to the Introduction of the national language a the mediums of instruction erma in the University stars. A coupon medhim of loatruction not necesary for nation a tnly One pathoorlity too Deed oot be of the one type , as that of England India kalend of many nation, whalet muut be lowed to develop, each accordhs to Hawn falut. There no objection, too, to each language buying w technloal termbology Anatooal longuage that of cover atuary for interprovincial concenuplanation and for 21-Indla adroinlathaton, but I nord not be the medlem a tatruction. Much #roade of the dutieulty of Inter portocal transfer of sudate, but the perledes at Shau Nikalan, the testitution on which he supremets, show that cho didicuity not ml There are more noo-Benall students at Shanthacten than Bengali bod yet the fame bune experienced do dvieculty in following the bestrictiosts Bengal at the location Shri Butt Goveromcat should withdny al oontre ore duction, which should be left fatirely to popular endir Prtecipal Vya The sudocal loogurt should be the medium Deepestts at the Untreruty page zod prelmably tree at the stonday ·sage The earlier it is introduced the better if the students at ShanthNiketom belong to different language groups, o that there is no clear majority of any one group, why should the Instructions not be in Hindi rather than in Bengall? Shri Joshi Prof. Wadia 1 Analy's of the factory Dakog against Datlooallam pot ahautive eg, he has left out corruption, welfishpesh, hypocrby whilch must be crudieated If we are to bavo truly pattooel outlook and to command respect in other countries The Convention has become a debating pocloty rather than an kostrument for devising practical remedies for acknowledged all Dr Zaldr Horan It is ctential to differentiate between unity and wiformity Hu own conception of Indle mu that of a land with many language, mmy communities, mmy states which yet pogrewed a common national outlook troscending all there difference. It is true that the road to the wchloverment of ruch unity in diversity is duicult, but what worthwblle thing 1 there, which is without dificulty? As regerds the languago question, the regional languago should be the modum of Imatruction at all stages The national language -Ehdi Hindustan advocated by Gandhill should be taught throughout the national Imguage should be an alternative medium at the post-graduato stage. Ho visualized different types of trattatlans, however og momo tostitutions may continue wing Engllah - the modium and students who aspired to a diplomatic career my go to ouch Institutiona As regards the Hindu Mualim problem falth to dorno- Checy was the only mlutha. If Multa could not change overnight, neither could any other community If people worn to be more human in thetr outlook, tolerant towards othen, recognize the feelings of others to thetr right to live in the way they lod so long as they did not feopardize the otional Interol, there would be unity in our midst ·Dr. Tope Alodi should be the bathooal language but I thould be standardbed and popular unge must be the struderd. The matter must be booked at from the potat o wlew of the people to the village, who form 85% of the population. When Gandhiji poke of Rashtra Bhasha he meant not a national language but a common language which will move all tho puerpose of administrative and inter provincial communich tlan in all sphere of activity Prol. Wada Replying The problem of script had not been rearrod to in the dlacusion, but it was tmportant. All first prefertrich would be for the Roman Ertpt but o the rocood best he would favour the Devnagart The crperiode of England or the U.S.A shows that party government 6 not necessarily rotagonistte to national out look. It b tmposible that Government should withdraw all control on education while rupporting it with Bruce More Over abernet of control may lead to confusion Mir Joubt referred to the moral probleme This excited In every country though perhaps it was specially auto ma lodia National unity is essential and must be preserved at all cost. The alternativo would be a return to the 18th century anarchy The Chairman Shr! Salyldain The Hindu-los un problem has not ceared to ost. To think so b to take too complecmt a view Cocamurution w once on the aldo of Altalima, 11 is more evident 2018 the ide of the Blodu. It is por for the Hindar to return the Mualim Toleruce is the need of the bour-e tolermo which would accept and tramod eren cotonnal editor conul rostitutions and its bisb-lora IIindi of Urda ·DI LEADING SPEECH BY DR MULK RAJ ANAND Subject What Is Our Cultural Heritage! [27th October 1919] Recorder Prol. Nim What preclrely do wo men by our cultural heritage? Is It worthwhile to refurrect from our past the memories of wbat, at their bent, are only certain idees and realities which are lost in myth and legend? and what nulu. have they for our broken and tormented soclety of today? And, If It ts worth our while to save this heritage bow is it to be saved! Some yean 15, M Paul Valery the great French symbolist poet, roudly declared that the part of chvilkation we dead weight suitably entombed in the repulchre of cademic hlatory mod that it was better for w to throw old. the weght of tradition and anbrace the world with a fresh vlalon. And there be coming confirmation of the viene to the fact which most English blstorlans of India adduce without making the why and how of th, that the Hindu Dever wrote verlow history Another example to the Greek, wbo came to live on virgin soll, created thetr cita od rernutoed unburdened by a part, free of all confusion, unweighted by monary The writing of history presupports a wenss of time. But since time is more susceptible to change than space, It be. como euy far the ruperficial to think of historical facts In terms of certain fired ideas or symbole, Ulk. Hogy and queens, without roing into the rumiliation of all those dyrumlo struggle and movements forented by the people. So, wo often tend to regard the Insert museum ploco u one for of our cultunl herttage and the traditional value ad an ventions established by polite society a mother The begtnnings of culture more in the tilling of the poll, ·1 the rearing of skrom, bees in loven Therefore, its burcu llo in the life of the people, in the feeling mod apirn thoms of the ordinary folk around their work, tren though it Exprtines Axlf In urenl fortes through abstruct laut which define ultimate vlues and excellenca, urch-type of perfection. If we contemplato our past heritage, therefore We can only look at it, in the words of a savant, u if I were a great tree rooted in the soll though it forts to the sky And even in looking at our cultunl baitago thus, we are not merely accepting the yearnings and the struggle of our anceston, u well u the nahuet, potions and concepts they evolved, bot, in full view of the dood of the moment, We seek to wtmllale to realize to transform what we accept into the pattern of our own datence In other words, all these blstorical beginninp all these heritages are not to be vhwed us merely wo many abstract Ideas and theorter, which will illwning our present problems and which will hold u brough the revinal of this troed, or that dospina, to bre de we have to read there hlstorles y fact, realities, achieve ment of the bumm spirit which must be ordered and arting ed and rubraltted to the tests of the Lotng conclouen, of xtulity to me bow much and what they have contributed to the making of a And in the croorlathizatlon of the Hertture and the art of the past with the life of today wo wave wob that embraces our multlfurlous strivings. Our cultural array of a number o works of art boar museum whilch, while they title our national pride become the ambodiment of Uring tradition. It is precisely because some of the historia of India hare so far altempted to me history embodied in the myths and legends of our country as well u la the symbols and dealms of OUT amorpbors religions, thuat root of themn think India bat no history It is because many of them trace the history of our drilization in terus of generalitles, rather then o the story of the groups of little peoples who tnbabitad our landwape with certain mormens and customis, performing certain deeds and pronounding certain words, that we get the hash asd rebosh of long famillar generalizatlans pessies for appreciation of Indian culture. 53 ·The Younghusbaod-Rawlinson kind of approach which wfts little laceme before the established idol of the past is, of course mostly unconscious. I have no doubt that it is tospired by a peapide enough humanitarianlan. But, Dover theless, It cannot atch the spirit of our civilbration. And it lead to the curlow policy adopted by many foreiga Governmenta in the East, who, however aborurd and inforlor they coosider pative cultures, encourage even the most hackneyed and antiquated forud of these cultures by spending Iberally to recut, build and preserve tmitation pagodas when they have no money to pare for free portmary education through which to gtve the living cultural heritage of the peoplo e now ufe and now Agilance There has been, is everyone knows, the more conscious approach of the Europem scholan, axemplified at its best in the work of Prof. Mar Muller Ho was a German rather too anxdown to truce his Knahip with the Aryan brother but, at any nato, tospite of bb craggeration, a conscientlow enough translator wbo devoted e life of retarch to the ideals ornbodied in the Vedas. And though his special studies procluded a comprahensive view hd attitude wu, by end large, adoquate to his purpose and he showed his affection for old India If I were to ut myself, be wrote, from what litare ture to in Europe, who have been nurtured almost acla dvely on tho thought of the Greeks and the Romans and our Semitic nuce the Jo-lah, may dry that correctivo which b mart wanted to order to make our inner life more perfect, mors untverrel, to fact, mare human, I should point to India Then, there b tho sentimental approach of our own hodla genous Arya Samaj let which honours the part by peying It the homage of a Ngh and seeks to revive the Vedic ago antiro The post of India is certainly ours, but how are we to save it to make it out As I have tried to show any surroy of our put heritage which does not study it in relation to our own time but alms to borrow theory of a way of life from history L doomed to failure The schemata of most of the historians of our culture is the unl ono familiar by now to the proverblol Intelligent mm for whom gulde-boob uro written Thero 64 ·were the Aryan conqueron of India who wrote the Vedas kod thet art nors who composed the optez, Ramayana md Mababharata ad evalved the custe system. The thero wero other canquerors, the Scythium, the Huma, the Maharme dra, who all did the blt - apocally the Maghals Nowadays, of courn, the hbtorlans begin their boobs from m marlier dato than their predecessors, for uruult of the axanthods of Mobenjo Daro and Hoppe, mo evidence of tlquo layer of Indian civilization of an arllar date hes become mallable. The genenl Weallon of the Vedanta Loom larga la all these purveya A brief derence to the drumatta of the classical age and to the grammarlans of the medlemal period and the whole bustnes b rounded off by an exposition of Valuhnevlan, Sballon and Shaktim Ode looks in valn in puch rurvey, for my knowledge about the or neolithio inhabitants of India for description of the flights of fancy orldenced in their lovely stone arrop of tree spirits or for the mythe embodied to the herry monoliths of the Mother Earth berrel. Have these historians, ane ala, ever read the more human stories for cluded in the Alahabarata; or rotn the Agnifaunch of om of the moral de enxhrined in the myths and vegends that becamo current in the various periods1 L It not likely that to prament, the potter the maker of togs of any time may give truer picture of developments than the prest currents which are pupposed to run through the purious poslodal In fact, It may be that the series of poems and picture around the Kitinua culture are more weful to the cultured persons of today than the Desorical federalizations which materpret them, important us then latter ut for it Laryntbede af the beauty the miliety and the human qulithes of part culture with that of our own day that the bope les o wlog our heritage dlectively The jube that the Hindw Dover wroto wy history connot bo nataned in the face of the Imaginative rork of a whole Puccession of poete, Alats, artists, priests and story witars, wo though they may not yield such respectablo crldenco o our clenul hlutorios degire, certainly continued to develop Be toll for almost ceptury by century And mit $$ ·Indotarrainate these arly periods may be, there is enough to the vast man of stories and ballads, lyrics and eples, to make the basis of a comprehensive rurvey of the societies from which there documents of human culturo prung up. And essentially thbs Hind of multifarious material also dietated a neer point of view of looking at history perhaps a typically Indian polnt of view – the attitude of comprehenstreden, with its corollary that the truth is manydded and not necesmarily the monopoly of any we group or sect and that toler ance is the fupremno virtue. Indood, if the cholce is to be made between the blrd's-eye polnt of view of studying Indlan history and the worm reyo polnt of vlerr I for one would plump for the letter for the bird eyo point of view involves an empherds on the Vedantle truth u it has been materpreted by Shanlon, for tastence "Tho overmoul is of the one eternal verity tho reto Illusion." The wom reye point of view on the other hand, sbows that our peut to not one thing or the other but b erothrined in our various energia, in our various Arangths and weaknese, in our many achievements and many failurus and that it ta essentially human. One God, 000 book, one leader one country was never the alogen of our people and dogmation and fanatics were die couraged. And to the vast majority of the atabs of India, expecially in the medieval poota, Kabir Chaitanya, Namak, Mirabal and Tulanam, the concern for a human truth, a human philosophy and a human roligion is mort procomced. Themeras spring from the poll, they conceded a proat deal to the littlo people. It b often berted that the character of the early socio- Hou of Indla vas statie over long pedods and that the latter feudalism sbowod a continuity and a menes which makes A story of its various phasa ruperfluou. But, how the aro the mutations in art forms to bo aplained? Did not even the aaste zyrtare take a long time to develop? And nu not the rovalt of Buddha against the metaphysical ldaullem of the Brahmins tymptomatic of a great ferment wbone cultural Impuls reruted from the peoples urge for more human tred religion? And did not the Inden rendblity flow out ·pain, after the development of pat many different schools o palosophical thought in the drama of the golden , bu Ajanta with all the warmth of a polosto lo bunt lng throogte the moon breasts and wide-jer hips of lovely pomen? And was the abuburant vitality of medini Indien kulpton, no different from the deaal restraat of the Gupta period? How come it to be that the tradition of fresco painting lapsed for so many centurints only to reemerre through certain prvinale In the fold art of Gufurat of the 15th century and the Rajput palating of the 18th and 19th centuries? All these were slow changes in tho social wo of India which will beve to be studied with reference to her imcestors and in terms of the forces and Idea they ftuated 1 lt bo to be secured from the facilized funeralhing mind and if the part of India is to become oun Manwhile It obvious that ibo real hbtory of India has not yet begin to be written mod the whole of Indian culture ba walthas to be claimed by its true Inheriton The following discussion took place Principal K L Sortcoali "Sir I would liko to nk a few questions. DT Anand has given a brilliant exposition of the Interpretation of Indian history and drilization Ono question occury to my mind Har the human being any hand in thaping the hotariaal procen? Dr Aband hou given us an idea that economic factor here played a Ilvlog role in the hbtory of the world and also the blestory of India. I do not wish to derrate the econo mic factors, but at the mone time it is my belld mod convic- Hon that han beings do control and shape the economake factor I do not want to ropeat what I sold yesterday Eoch dvilization has to make its own unique contnbution in Indian hertory We find that there are certain disticthe traits or characteristics of Indian culture wblh we probably would not find in other cultures. It would be DOTT Kcceptable if I say that certain tnlts are emphasized la lodian cultury For kristance mulang and sell-torbice. We bare found are son of aerifice and rulering in Mahatma Gandhl. t ·something that is unique. We have examples of Lord Buddha, Mahatma Gandhi and others who made tremendo Acrifices and under rent suffering. The way la whilst our polldal movernent bas taka shape lo Iodla to tunique. The way to which it has taken shape in the form of non-violence is unique in the hole world hlatory It is not possible for man to whapo history instead of merely rubmitting to it "The second quertion is L It pausible to break with the pest completely? Culture is a product of post hlatory It ta not poolblo for any doilbation to break completely from the part. There an certain distinctive tratts. There are also geographical factors, tho may the people live ther vocatons, all help in formalng a certain datinctive way of life Dr PC. Bagchi "I think we bave still room for doubt. If there is a crials In Indlan culture probably It L the do-nationalised education that we had in the past. If we have that type of education whilch could help to discover the poul of man then there will be zo arbit There is an Indian way of Hfo and on Indian vhow of life. Why should we think of the orlds? Thero la in Indpact of foreign culture and an impact of economio condi tlone. It is a quartion of adjusting ourselves to those condition. Thers should be efficot rdministration and an effective Tyson of education. If there needs aro mot thon wo will find that probably there is nothing to four and Do crida "History should not be blamed. It ha utility In the middlo class we find specimens that ard really the landmarla on the way we follow and probably they werve the way w have to follow Thore la tradition that we have developed for centurier Probably we have to improve an that cer tainly wo cunnot go Any from that History has that nhua I think there will be no dificulty to adjusting the new com dition. As roaction, we go back to Hinda culture. It to chernctertiod by tolerance, by opacity for adjusting Wo had in fact syntharred all traits of cultun and we had dovo loped a new dvbation. We had the capacity of adjustment fundamentally Thero is therefore do caldeWenn opposed by other factor which are disturbing the fundamentals ·Gandhiji? Acharya Kripalani all that there is nothloe In urmales. There is not a single Item that would mod ono of Gandhim. He gW . Teapon. The arst Gang we abould get rid of all aunt and get our feet og firm w our culture of towOTTO must be bored on a fundamental e Hindu must realize the dialty oman and not bulld our culture on that best. All our talk b mooth, unica e pire the wherewithal od Luxo dectory of the The coto system wu the most democratic guitar o old time. Fundamentally # meant live and let live They developed a sort of synthetle outlook in watch my group hed its own place. The Indian kan of walty bike that In detalls that are differences and those diferencia will com tinue. We cannot disturb then. Destroy the difinat proopa in different provinces and that will stand by the way of pro groom. Rally India vo not pation. Indie contato different nations But, to emple of the diferences there we fundamental unity The groups have been progrentor to their own way Personally I believe there is no alta mod be coolused way of thinking In accordance with the Indian view of life we will be able to adjust to de conditions. There A nothing to fear that may Prol P D. Gupta "Economic factors do play so Important part to the Voltatro used to say 'I diagree with every word you try but I shall fight for your right to my lt Thete b carlabaly grent crisis of Indian culturo today. There is a moral espect of this artists. The ballmark of tho moralupect Is hypottery I have never had greater respect for the English autha Thelt man al warb do longer la porte Hat, Meht trees tho hlebert to the lowest talk of Goodhill I had asked the question to the Poobla infoter la what way do we follore Gadhlan to the Indian Constitution Let us look at mounting expenditure. This b not Gaodhlan. We are build There la mach confused thinking which we must pro pod basb Dr Anand talked of lack of culture. The new order to take place. We abolt to nuthority that be to the ·the greatest laders that the world hu produced something ho to take place which has not taken place. "The unlty of culture to lopable of attainment without unity of Language How an you here I common culture without a common language? What about Switzerlandt My student presented an address to Ju Prakash Nanata. It wus written in pure Hindi and I could not make hond or tail of it. The hope of the country lies in its youth and not to the older generation. The latter are bungling. Their moral bank ruptcy bs evident in black market, nepotism, in all sorts of things In Rusula all old teachen wero changed for the make of the new Ideology In Indle all those who are rejected in other fields come for training as teacher 1" Dr. Ishwarnath Topa "Dr Anands speech was very thought-provoking and speakers who spoke after hlm havo spoken from all points of vir Some ppeeches were ronctionary romo programtve and KOD:0 erratic. We have a umbled to consider the major problems. Not only India but aloo the world & per ing through a cultural crisk I would have wished Dr Anand to use the word civilization. "The wbolo fallacy of the discuskos lles in this are tatlong the ame thing but we do not know what we are taldng about! I personally bellove that ther. bavost difference between cultury and ctyiltration What we need today harmonization of the two Culture without chrt lination cannot edat Clyilitation without culture beno meaning. In our country great strena has always been laid on tho cultural aldo of our life. Thb cortainly lo creditable "All the greatest men of the wodd hrs evolved a common human colture. Fundamentally it cannot be detractod. Ctyiltration has changed Indla fast moch o tho other countries. At one time our country had reached Its pinnacle of glory There was a balanced view of life. So wes it wbare But we have been taking wrong apmpla Our chulintban has got to livo to new forces a thought the bale Indian constitution or ar Lyrything b Water India must ed 80 ·la spiritual, Civilization materiallstic. I then I any measure to pre I requert my friends to thrash out this problem d how to bring balance in estimating the values of chrilboathon. "People are painst aarte which bo mind Its purpose lo un apleultul dvilization Is it poneblo for us to futuro to retain Indian ciritbatha when it comes in contact with world cvilization ! As a free people we should be with tho world and not out of the world. It is a great pity that to modern India our thinkers are trying to propagate a my of Wife which I confined to a microscopio minority You have to reconstitute the podal labelc to create a better chvillotion. The Weds all party through a crisi Ve most formulate worlable scheme of our own." DT Topa ald he certainly appreciated and believed in Gandhte Prof. RP Patwardhana "Ode remark I have to mako. Everything was all right with our culture til tho Bolth care bere. Our illa aro duo to bord education. To me it means that the advent of the British wu due to the lack of character which we displayed during the last two centuries I can tell you that the depetier ation of character in Blaharuhtra mas so complete that the coming of the British wu comidered a rod-teod. At the FRIDO time it would be utterly wrong to escribe everything to bod edaction during the Butuh rule. There bu atste Dr Amand spoke of incompatibility of casta with detDocracy If that is not a crib then what b? Hloduisen ho to renonato itself in the dew upe. If it did not get rid of are It should get rid of democracy We here to eliminate thba polson ol coste "There b 000 more rotoark I would like to make. The unity of culture of courmunlty of culture Is Bol important as the quality of culture Il me orolre a common culture to India that by Itwell would not eliminato conflicte but war the cultures of the two combatants wott pot det The Chloeke way that to both at n Euro per culture History b full of win teluding ciri wa A common culture pot folog to eliminate the AJ ·depends on the quality of culture. A convention of a high standard of culturo inanted." Shrimat Sophia Web I would attempt e clarification Serenal sponkers hurre referred to the world cridhe. We xetra to confine ourselves to problems which belang to India primarily There is a arlots of clvllbration not only in India but in the whole world. What would be the fundaunental moral, the permanent valdes that would restore the cvilization of the West, so the chvalbaton of the Fest? If we could agree, It is the modern contemporary civilizatiom that has gone wrong Many of the pakont have touched upon the actual dlagnoda tho moral back We are thinking in terms of duties and respondbulties a human beings to all other human being. Injustice, exploit atlon hypocrby aalt Aro w doing anything to remove them? That & the moral crids brought about by the distntegration of culture, "Another polnt If there is a crise, ft b not only a challengo but it is an indication of hop. If there is a crista there is danger If thero las cries, there be also an oppor tunity It includes the dangerous upect and we may not tako hold of the opportunity I woald rubmit we tro canfronting a crida There be danger That denger la primarily becauso wo have almost all human patmapeat value_true, monl, unfveral and fundamental praciplak You will be able to do nothing or very little by changing thing outuldo you "Each one will ask Am I following the Gandhim philo sophy ? Dr Anand begin by Anding out an old way and a Dow way Who is following the old way? If by that is meant--the philosophy of the old Upanishada, the Goeta, the modern students bare not even read them. The old way to not followed One man followed it mod we hled him. W. produced Gandhijl Thero is moone poolbility of ung thu abda ut tal opportunity The question is, ant we really incero ? What do It we stand for? The religion of humanity profwood by all great oven, which should appeal to the highest md the best in Os, nevar minda what our political Ideologlan fyz ·od label ure. I commend a platform of the dignity of humanity, the onenes d humanity Hom. Prom Nanin Lathur " Irto with Dr. Anand that ultbmately podcourly and berdeally it is the postal factor that give rbe to thinking to ter of our past history But, what I want to try to thlebat sodal changes dve ste to ldaus uod concepto, without tramctnding history In the case of woono of theme Heus ad concepts, specially moral concepts, they takend hbory They acquiro Independent values and they cagat to bo respected through all ages and at all times. I quite agte that partly our present crisis economy and there is no doubt that aply rocal fistles om cod it. Thila bon account of the Industrial and other economic transformation through which we aro podne But whilo worldtng for a om md Just woelal order we must not of course give up those eternal values of We evolved by humanity to its loog history ·IV LEADING SPEECU BY DR ZAKIR HUSSAIN Subject: Factors Involved In The Ro-education of National Charactor [23th October 1019] Rocordor Prol. Dawood 1r Chaliman and Head In my opinion, the most loportant thing to be cooulder ed in the ro-education of the batlocal chector ure there. In the int place we should make sure to what our matian stands for We have been hering of the cries in our culture, we have been hearing of a crisla without culture in India. We bould therefore be clar as to wbat we stand for My feeling 1 Wo stand for a Dog-arplolting co-operativo society to the country orpinted to a secular democratic gato. All these four qualities of our social le go to make our national out look. All our educational systems all our educational efforts should be subordinated or should be rubjected to these four objectives. In order to do that we have to train our evas mto methods of approach, logical thinking and obfoctive fudgment Every Dation on the march buble thorn In its front. The pride of the part. The put la pot bud becnise it to the past. It is food because it to good in itralf and aml. larly it is bad because it is bad to Irel. We have therefore to bave a critical appraisal of our past Therefore, our oduational workers, Lostitutions, our wbolo oducational sytem should aim at nary critical appralel of our social beritage Pick out the thing that are worthwhllo, perpetuato thon and with equal courago refuse to accept what is wrong opinion then to something which is very important to our method of education. Harlag Inown what b good in the put we can only content ourselves by tranmitting it to futuro gmontana Value cannot be judged by words bat an be Judged only by experience. Our whole educational system la a mystem of words transmitting values by words. That to not rullident Wo do not try we do not knot what Anting- In my ·ments are good for experiencing nalues Our workers in science work all thelr lives to collect more toformation. They pretend to do it in order to get a job Our people of we want to talk of art. They do not know what art k. Ninetynine out of hundred do not have experience of art We subscribe to the Ideal of bonerty Wartort to the most dnshopest bellef We are the most untruthful people in the world. This is the actual Atuation. We should do Orso thing about it in our educational ten Wherter W tranaplt these Talues to educate the future dtizens of the country let it bo at the primary or the imvendty stage Wo sboald so that the values we stand lor are perlencod. In markt auses whatever wo stand for these are the two buke things which we should make sure of we bould pick out only the good from our social, political, Intellectual and moral heritage and belor we trumzalt these values, we should see that wo experlence ther. We will for that remon here to change the books please do not think that I am smuggling the hea of bele atuation in the country In my optadoa ne have to change our oducational systems Inta communiter of work. All scientists are supposed to work to urch of Job they never met the joy of experience There do no atmosphere of thought and I think, therefore, it is absolutely sential that the spirit of our whole educational tynte bet changed Unlep we do this there a not going to be reorier tatlon elther on the Intellectual or on the moral plano. La order that we do this we bare to trumforta the whole eduar tional Teo that we are able to batil a spuilt ol objects vity which le to easentlal, so that we are able to learn to think with our beads od dot with our blood Throughout the hbtory of income, It has been a care of thinking with blood with disastrous results It be the mind that should work, #b the brain that should work. We should not be carried my by blood Therefore I make these two rubelmont The following decussion took place Mincipal SLT "How are we going to change the education of There should be some ways and means of teaching ·for their attitude We cannot degene with them, we need them very badly *Are there any riggestions for roeducating the purenta! Aro there any puggestions for the orgmbration of parents' Are there any puggestions for the booba to be used and the mothoda to be adopted! "Primary and secondary education Why is it that porta mary teachers have not been invited! There are no teachon ar pantations dther Pandpal K L Shiomall "For new mocial arder sdontic thinking should be developed Objectivity to takm to moun neutrality I should lito to know from you whether it be posible for an educa tional Institution to remain completely neutral ha a modety wbare thoro are conflicting Ideologlos. At prouent, you have pointed out, there are various conflicting idealogie working to soclety pod they are all attempting to influence the minds of the children and the młods of our youth. There un certain ideologies which are definitely Arling at the very root of our democratic noclety Brilding at the very values which we have been cherishtog in the past. Not there acoches work from various sourcer, cinema, radio, now paper, political platforms, there in varlow other way to which youth b being aploited Now Is It poolble for a taacber to remain completely doutral to these conilleting forcos My own feeling the teacher cunot rumah Deutnal to the buste md fundamental values of our culture It ishla moral obligation arteacher to foculcate there values in our youth. Ho mint be militant and mu bato those fundamental monl valuat I do not thi be able to revia our understanding for an appr damental values." - Sur! V N Patani He udvoated education of the ation sa first and for most He rugwted derp thinking at each day-to-day life 68 ·Dr Muk Raj Amad He lald great copbuds on the treatusent of children In his ophalon, they were rublett to under the rent tot trated, with the stoult that they lost their bodisidratty capacity to think on any problems before them, afraid tokio my decolons right or wrong He lodicated that what we needed wm not actually wo much of re-education but to kn how to educate them in om atmosphere of goodwill, kome od freedom Ho all the children do not been the treedoen to think, to walk what they want to do what they want med to express what they would like to do ba tbets tile ta hits opłabon, the children of our times lock the mounted to mlect their way of life. They are being subject to dictatica from the old. He recommraded the employment of more women # teachers. This, in hla vle would bare a tremendous benefit because of the natural ability of women for better electboonte, patient, talerzat and protle to the methods education. Vlen, bo wld, wo bound to be at least im.com relously hard and Impoon their homes and prdetects oa children. He w strong in his condemnation of the interest that to lacklog to our educational systems of the trpels whilek bo evident from the toolgnificant number of women teachers we have On the question of roedventing teachers, la Dr Anodi rew the teacher canot und would not be expected to take a pbilosophical attitude to life. Eroot cannot become a philosophet overnight Everyone is fint and foremost a hmon belas For 1 teacher to devote honnell corapletely to the education of children in the proper way, he bould be properly placed, properly looked after and properly pald for la bb optolon, the source of the evil & ecopotnic Hero cuted a retaonable poy sale for teacher G D N Gotlale La bb view there is nothing wrong with the protest ediatopul water Heans that we are all the products of the present edzetlonal system. It has dren w at least enough abufity to think nationally and dbcun courageously rubject of this type lle sald, reform of the premrat edoen ·thonal ryster wo much more preferable than its total aboli too. To a question of how much be would pay the toucher, he mid he would pay u much us they want, provided the Goverdeat give the schools and colleges mough to moot that requiruneta Principal V K. Gokak On point of reference to the soul u the object of reeducation, he recommended meditation for a abort dunton in all educational institutions. He said, shpa poul wu a factor in the building of a national character moditation H Introduced in all institutions would serve ua bealthy factor Dr NS. N Sestry Referring to experiencing values, Dr Sastry wu of the opinion that experience annot be had by work alone. There should be other opportunida of experiencing values at different stages of life Shri K. G. Valdyonu than "I am not one of those who boltove that the oducational Tystem which obtain in the present day is so bad and unelma ** rome poople try to palnt it. No ton bs perfoct in this world and it is beartening to note that endeavours are being modo to make changes in the system both by the State and the people. But, pou pirely education neods a revolution mod a refocusing of the objective. There be been after August 1947 change to the coocopt af ditzen chip The gulning of many for the country by the weapon of nonviolence is nothing short of a miracle. It hvery nocenry therefore that this great principle of non-valence or ahima should be ingratlated into the new concept of citizenship, "How then, art we to help the boys and girls in wchools to develop a don violent attitude to Ilfo? Tabs Attitude annot be brought about by Injection into the body polithe at in advanced stage. A beginntag has to be made at the early stagea when a girl or boy la at school. It there that lo our training in cittzenship we bould Introduce this element It is precisely in this appect that our education needs to orientation ·the case of a boy who comes first in . race It tant Education that obtains to be the VAT duetve to the development of that myba non-violmat attitude to Ilfo, I will be s pot crunt him f m no abl. bn at Duterii world peact. In short, what webtre to try tion for perco, yo that tho veuty world class of relief and begin to live a life of foy and try to "Towards this and I suggest the follontent 1 Alimination of fear frum to lantun, and the school. In an atmosphere of foar path than Our schools of today have rtcours to latino other at various stages for maintainlor drepine. Tanah end. The word discipline Dans the atitude orghe learner If a boy la punished, be bembittere, ta en complex and only become more chatlow Lauri Punishment ho not brought about lare that we can touch the hourt of the boy to the the boy It is only through perpustion and understandort 2 Tretning of the motion. We resort lo torral penbhment sometimes in some form or other brick But to Ribstituto I kind of three or leur 1t5 place for correcting the boy will be more than habet corporal punithinest For far does a lot of hard to be Anything dope to crnototal growth of the boy beritalnly not true en Avold prizes in the words of ladume lloc ont of the great educationists of the young In thou a tak tymem of prore-piring b. mongtrosity in education Women you give prize to a boy for his chiestments you are They barning hundred other boys And yet, the prize to boy received was not due entirely to his owo ellosis Tuu permit map to lad an abundant wie the mistake desired change in him. fart and shine emotional growth of the boy solcht be due to his good parentage that be baa bods it raight be due to the good food that we are the boy because of the afluent drumstances to wu bort. So when you give . prize to this bor ·really inflicting a punishment on a hundred other boys for not having the cvlronmental advantage Is It fairMuch rather take the soclety to tak 4 Respect for the lower kingdom of nature Vary often, the boy thoughtlessly and cureloaty harm the vegan table and animal world. We should be able to mala the child realize that I wo molat a plant or hurt an antonel, it 1 del nitely a negation of the attitude of Kindner, rylopathy and love. This will ultimately result in the boy baving hardened heart which will go against the principle of coltivetlon of love. "If you try to remodal our educational rystems on the llnes Indicated thero La Bomo dim hope that our country will be able to contributo something towards the establlıhment of world peace. Through purch and other similar mond we should attempt to bring up in boys and girls a right attitude to ule non-violent attitude to Ille. Non-violence in other words mans coungo. Let us hope that our educational ayt tem will be reoriented to achieve thila end." Shri B. EL Zaidi For the bullding up of a natlozual character Dr Zaldi mys, falth in democracy is enental To have talth in democracy he mys, there should be a splitt of comprontas, proper understanding, tendency or ptitude or willingness to give vent to the other man, feelings, and broadening of the beats of our loyalties. "Democnicy cannot exist without a spirit of compromiso. Wo should respect other people s opinions even though they may go against our own convletlona. Howover we bould be able to convince the other man of the right or wrong of the problem and win him to our ddo by democratic mouru Actually there is no meaning in the name of individual or loostitution Ono an be a Hindu, one can be Muslim, ono an be a Chrlitian, yot all of them may or may not be democrats having xenxo of tolertian or compromise. "Wo should all get out of the old profudict which were drcunstantial" 70 ·Prindpal P D Capta "What is the principal meant ad inducting the ne thanal charactet Books Our entire system premalbing books for children should be chegada "No education of the tutional character la pouble len e nalse the status of tacker is the school story who kre -pold and not the profesora Prolomon work for per ronal Interests and not for the national good." Referrior to the bossexploitatie co-operative cluty Lounded in a wcular and dtmocratie state be wo of the vhow that we do not alon at the modextrialization of the country What is actually needed is immediate claim This cont dersomtuatkal tools, hb view was that they were no good for the purpose we bare ber has We rusronted that corta for character busking should mot lie with universities on the beginning they should be from the parents. Practput A. R Desead In belel but pointed composition of the cure, be felt natorr puled over the circumstances der which this reeducation or re-building on the character to be undertaken. He said that the teueber is concerned with the child only for a few hour. The rest of the child': We is being spent outache were 3 worth of forces Enfluence the child and change the bulldhs of the character stordingly "Therefore, the society outside is as much responsible for the balldłog of the chanter as the teacher or the parent to Helald great emphasis on the re-education of the parent. Curt LG Grand San Gynta odrocated education from the petary to the port graduate rase through museum med advocated atablichrest of more sucum Dr Luwuth Top Pelerring to Dr Zakir lloggias rusestion ta estabiluk # non-explorathe operatite Whey founded a moular wyd drwxxsat slett bit rd to heart wort suco Laine 71 ·15 posible to conceive and worlable in a state conceived, founded and worted by capitalist or by people backed by capltallats By establlibing we, does the leader intend to overthrow the procent Governments? There Framcore poverty in the country immenso mitency in the country Under thet arcumstmct Dr Zakir Huralna rcheme etmed revolutopary and unworkablo. He felt that any schemo of education that might be introduced or enviarsed should be more rural than urban In Ita outlook and objective u the entire problem to India centres round the mare in the villages and not the few thousands in the urban are. Any plan of education should have the villages as the bada Mr. J A K. Martyn On the question of books, Mr Martyn suggested that proper attention ahould be paid to the problem of boobo a they are m sential part of the student's life. Further rudlag outade the school should also be encouraged. Prodomor P C. Barehl Ho agreed with the ruggestion that the teachers abould wart ro-educating themselves for the rebuilding of their character with a view to develop a natioon outlook With regard to the text books, he wo of the view that the present committees doeling with the question of book were not true to the purpose in most cases, being influenced by vested interest In his opinion, it is sesential that the committee be requested to prescribe only ryllabusos Rod not text book SUN 6. & Doar Horld pathoon lifo ww of two parts, one students and the other adults, and that to education of both should be under tal.com Dr 8 K D The aim of education should be religlow not rellybou in the orthodox xok; It should inculcate the need for duty and forurence, reverene to and acceptance of heritage not be T2 ·ame It has come down from older thea but beroe of the good to it The proposed non-crploltatre and co-operative society bould alm at socialization of eduation. On the question of objectivity bo pugested that educa tlou should inculcate the idea that whedom to the utilization of lonowledge and not knowledge the utilitation of wisdom. Dr Zakir Itaaln's Answer to Prodpal Vas It is very dificult for me to Ay what is to be done with the teachersSomething must be done. The obvious mer b the State But, teachers have to begin the valve W. are repordiblo for quite a number of thing in the state Virtue is also contarlow If you begin to do good thing for Forme time to come, then perhaps the State will step to and uke all the credit for what you have dona With regard to parenth, Individual schools an solve that problem. They will bave to rt-educate the parents a other be your work is wasted. There be morement for adult education. There chees are not enouste "Boolas The teachers abould themselves prepare books for children. The State will resket. The work will have to go on." Answer to Precipal K. L Shrimali Objectivity is over outrality Objectivity looks things not from the personal point of view but with purpopul interest subjected to the basically accepted principle on which Indlo soclety # to be found, the Ideal of the non exploitlog co-operative society organized in a bocular democalle cate. I subscribe to these ideal Look at thing from the point of view of principles, whether democratic or not Objecants in real affairs i fudging thing in the light of certam fundamental des which you have kteptod and not in the light of personal tnterets Dr Kullin He paid a pat tribute to Dr Zaldr Humain for being man of faith eren at tms when he may becoone alooc in his priociples ad deu lle quoted him am exople of barriot ·faith in oncolf rather than being a peastmist and deonthat RIWATE Sardar Pooramingh Ho bogen to make reference of contributions made by the East Punjab Government when the Chatrum Indicated that auch detalls did not contribute toward progress in the discussion or solution of the problem imdor discuton Dr Zakir Hotels Condoding Remarks "Gandhifis contribution to this country la immense mod on. Instance is the idea of bade education In mimy pleco banke education has been taken only on me, "With regard to teacher alarles, I do agree that they are not well pald. But the teachers should understand their responsibility towards society which should not be moured in money terms and they thould not resort to striko" Dr Zaldr Hunn ald that he was temperamentally against strik. of any type and much gainst strike by teachers Further teachen, if they are really ruch, should not compare themselves with people of the black mediet and try to an or find out ways and more to er m locome similar to that of people who thrive on the black markot This, be put for wird u in appeal to all teacher Of course, toachen are perfectly entitled to ok for a living waga "The impllantion of democncy in oducation to experienc ing of values. Almost all teachers in our country lack the Joy of their pedance in their profondon Smilarly w rimtists lack the joy of experience in life. The attitude of a truo democrat u to enjoy hls profession in terms of the real values, fundamental values implied to the chosen profesion md not to be carried away with the material beoefits that may accrue from the producon" In reply to a quatlon from Dr Setry whaber values can be aperioood only by work, Dr Zaldr Husain a plained that he uppd the word 'work'ta moro comprehendve way dening working intellectually In reply to Dr Topas doubt as to whether a non-explot tative co-operative soclety vu concetrable to apitalistic pate and whether puch rodety would allon i apitallatie 74 ·mate to exist, be bald dificulty 7s no aument for those who wanted it and for those who really Deeded poch society In reply to another comment by Dr Tope on the que thon at buko education, Dr Zaldr Humin romarked that bare education was primarily meant for vogen Eren when It was first eviged by Gandhith his ulthuato am wu to educate the moures in the villages, although there was borty opposition to such chemie. It i futal to think that everything an be done only throuch the State and by the State Individual beginning should be made. Pubaps by certain more the State may rtust, yet It should be continued. Uhulmately the State Irell may take it up after being coovinced of the advantages detved by ruch wyslem Both the people and the Stato should do the best in the matter ·V LEADING SPEECH BY DR RP PARANJPIE Subject: Dovelopment Of A Scleatic Outlook [28th October 1419) Recorder D N & N Sustry Spaalog with a great diffidence before this dbtingahuhed gathering I would like to place few commonplace considertons regarding sclentlic outlook. In the fint place, we must not overlook the difference between mere intellectual accept nce of the scientific outlook and the realization of that out look to all our practical concerns. To the former porbapa, there might not be great thearatical objection, for at least in Hindu India thought ho been generally free and many of our ancient writons have advocated the most heterodox doctrinas, including even athan, without encouragtag any great dili cultlea, provided thomo doctrines did not interfere with the obeervance of accepted sites and ceremonias Any devtation from them wus however frownod upon. About fifteen years ago at Lucknow when the quertton af holidays wla being coordder od to the amutive council of the Untvandty I muggosted that the usual holiday on account of the solar ochip be droppod, us the ides underlying it was quito focon detent with the stronomy that we were teaching our students. But Largo majority of the coumal did not accept the Deed of condatency between out pcentiflc knowledge and our actual practice and the holiday ru retalped egethet my advice On a umular occasion, over forty years ago I carried my potat wbilo In Practpal of the Furgenson College, though the Dom pepars, including the famous Keen abused me for being mtagonistic to Indian culture. This is a mall matter but it illustrates a tendency to rogard much abeurd practica o an antal constituent of our culture While, normally science is the most popular faculty in most of our Untverd bien daim mg more students than the formerly popular art faculty it can 76 ·hardly be mold that thosethe way of looking at all questions u more common than before. The concludonan be dra troca partous conddentar. Larving aside the purt myrties who adidittedly lean coly upon their toner light which is not rublect to try national analysis, we recoart upon the ording vogue of auch poeudo-clences astrology pabalstry murderology etc. Many newspapers make a special future of that astrologoal colomes and probably make a good profit from them. I har not been any tnvestigation of these petado elences by copted statistical methods, and even if it mero proved to the utbruction of any xlentific period that there be no bade for their claims, their votarla will continue read the predic Ilona in newspapen and perbape be gulded by then to their dully trinactions or their speculations on the race course or the rock achange and the astrologen will continue to be consulted on the rultability or otherwo of a projected matet montat alliance and the proper time for it alebration Wo miled at the baation of an unearthly bour about midnight for the Inauguntion of an independent Burma on astrologlaal considerations, but similar appealmp are not unknown ma our country The success of the Indiam oro u touring cricket teton at Bemare a few ytan go way, we are told, dort not to the excellent plury of our pricketers but to the various incantations and ceremonies performed by the learned pondius of that holy dty on the morning of the match at the wpretion of penonality prominent in the world of Indian cricket You will smule st ruch happening specially if you youreel are not scretly devoted to, or at least interested to, these things but I put it to you that they ochibit the bence of scientific outlook. The outlook to my mind á not coon fined to the museum of the laboratory only the test tube the monetoscope of the museum are not the only matakub for 14 CTCR It must traforts the whole being of an todhrtdual and our clence education ou um at the bal. I do not wish to belittle the ralue of the proctol train ing stora in our school college or untreaty Labonntoria It prepares man for trancement to the lodustrial or agriculte ·nl field But if it is all properly fmported, it must sharpen the understanding of the student on the coenthal concept of number pace, time and force. Some experience tn tnter Viewing codidate for the army or the dyll services has left on my mind the buprendon that with all thelr Adaling with mlacroscopes, balance and test tubes many of them an formd somewbat witing to accurate idou of there fundamental concepts. Without much accurato ideu a man not fully malted to the modern world full of scientific appliances Of course certain amount of dexterity with the hands bro quired by the practical training to the laboratories that is to parted ta mchools to these days, and I have often pat fully lized that to my day at school practical work we not Dul, I am somewhurt wanting to thb dexterity and that auch practial work as I arried out whilo studying for the B.Sc. did not qolto make good the deficiency On the other hand, I um frld that studenta at present pacialize too earty tood even when they are studying scence they are opt to confino theronlves only to physics and chembitry or botany and zoo logy and thu mles getting a general view of both phylos und chemistry and thorou gemoral deglot of biological sciences Icept to the aun of those who inteod to go to for modicho. This, to my mind, make senco studenta one-sided even in tholr relocted studler, while thefr almost completa lgnoranco of humanistic studies like Hterature, history and economia make them too often oury dupes of any plauablo advocates of any pocial and political theorico Although this is not professedly m oducational confer enor, I cannot redratn from giving vent to my considered opinion that specialization should not begta too early that all dudent should up to the age of dghteen, bere to study • wide rm of cubjects to Donal way In this ago of como petition between many different mbjects for a place in the aduational curriculum we met somehow aim at a work ing compromiso betirten there who ato d koowing more and more about les md leo od those who content with know tng los and los about more and more. This students of urte subject mould be required to tako some courses on the genal petociples of science and, npid murvey of the history TB ·of science and the main problems which have affected the course of human history like prylation of trolution Sclera students on the other band should have not only a gooral Hon of the scope of the Turtous branches of sclerce but also come conception of the development of man sa pocial mimal, they should have federal course in world history politles, Economia, sociology and the literature of their own longuere The programme meatbaded above mers at first sight too exteatre ind burdensome but in the handle of competent touched and with the belp of multable popular boola they would widen the audent's Internets and make him a better Altren of the world as well ao our own country In my ce young men and women educated will bring Lodlan culture into harmony with the culture of other parts of the world. I would not make Jl the programme the subject for a regular and formal cumination, through the teachers, to make them write sony on goch toples dlacted in thua general lectures Of corin, it all depends on the teachers to make such courses lnteresting and not m tafllctlon a for example much of the so-called rolldows instruction to In my place I burro poken about the various cence or diferent humantle rubjects. What, I would be asked, do I propove to do with questions of a moral or notettual outure? I shall orwer that whatever the mbject, it has to be documed to the light of such peonto faculty a human belog ba E cept for the man who frankly as that, hla ward has to be mctupled a bla per dhalt without one I or 'but merybody dan who makes clala to my new yew or oplalom ut needs try to recommend it to othed on . perunably national bed The doctrines of religion abould to be subjected to such a national malyats if possible and the domain of fupra national for bi bin tatlona!7) tebal should be limited # much u posible. On many polata, bowever one have to be costeat with a northe attitude for the moment A clenuiße attitude is equally posible to the doprala o historiaal of their ortteistaA besettlog danse to the and la lact most other fields the blas al patroller (ta 8pxocer alb L) and the related bles of mathpotekla On ·the latter we often hear lamentations that the British rule and especially the British system of education hus tended to make us take too lowly a vlery of Ourelves and of our mdent achievement We should certainly get out of this way of looking at things and our ner Independence will help us to do me. But we should bernure of falling into the opposite att tude of regarding ourselves and our leaden and ancestors as superior to everybody else in the world. There an pseudo scholars of Sanskrit who coulder that every new scientific discovery ho been mentioned in the Vedor only we did not now how to interpret the Vedic record According to them, railways the telegraph and other modern leatlic develop ments were known In ancient time, and I believe after the dlecovery of atomic energy our scholars are brusy finding out rderences to it in the aid boobs 1 The pity of It is that the reference are found only after actual discoveries have boen made by the laborious ptocou of scientißc oxperiment and obeervation. As regards now theories in thesee, they can according to some schoları, be all found in ald terts, for they have only to give bew interpretation or mis-interpretations of the old words to fit modern speculation. In the related domain of philosophy our scholen have a grand time. They have to work on the one famous rulo of phillaophy - COLLKOnants get interchanged and vowels don't matter” I am reminded of this by a locture I heard fome years ago by a well known politician, scholar and literateur He was giving a talk om some upacts of the Mahabharata. dbcundog the travels of Arjona with the horto which wus set freo to roam at will all over the world we symbol of the world sovereignity of his brother Yudhisthin after the succes ful close of the rat par In then travels, Arjunn, wbo wa accompanied by m army to fight anybody who preemned to mterfere with the movements of the horse came across wovenal tribes and countries whose names an mentionod tn the great ople. Apparently ho happened to bo roeding at the time he e propertng his paper wm tnvel boobs a Manchuria and Mongolia, and is struck by light went blance of sound between proe name in them with thone in tho Mahabhante Ho #ralphlany jumped to the conclu- ·Hon that Arten mit barve Hatted these countries Rod brousit that mader the way a Hutapur He obrony Devar aired to consult a mep which would bure shown hło that those countries were some three or four thound millo my and any traveller would have to go over put watele decorte, and high roow-ched mountalak Ered for lone tureller such a journey would burro take some your und to conduct an army over them toplom would be amafor milltary operationem in tbotte days, requiding daborata preperations over evenal yan But our wcholar was only for tent upon showing the greatnes of our adcustan pod blind to the ordinary mundane considerations of space and tour de mother cumple I would mention that a few day before I wo laving for Australla five yurt 189, e retired district Judge sent me a copy of his book in which he showed to his om atdaction that the Rumano contains a mention of Atortle and the us and Lunds the Be to the way What foods Van Dleman, Best, Cook and other oploran must bere been to noffer all the dangers of the roape in perilous, unknown mod nocharted out, when they should have done wus to study the Ramayana and they would have foond Baedelar's guide to Australla and the South Sum blands thero! I trust that the judgments of the fudge on the more common aftalns of the world which came belons blom were more logical and sound I need not meer to wome scholen wbo consider that avtalbon is known to meet the u there are continual relorences to riman' la our literature I have mentioned there abeurd instancw of the aboence of adentific approach to all probleme whether literary philosophical or strictly xtentlic eron among our best men i Mponsible to be a pune culture anong our prople when our judgments and opinion an wrapped by emotional considerations? The rebentific outlook that I went to buy widely culunar ed peans constant malpets to consider curs question on its menu (roto a national point of view I occudopeally me mat of this readhoe men anong more of our london Thu, while most thoughtful mo are loculded to regard the population problem u the most vipal problem for the futuro ·of our country men our Prime Minister is often reported u kaytag that ia bus opinloo Indla is rather undepopulated. The public would like to know from him in detall bow bo aptains this thesis from Ictual facts and not from contingent hypothetical happening in futura 1 hrve obrerved at this dan references to RSS of a vlolent vituperative marre I do not know what evidence they hrve got for their opfoloa, but probably they go on the uretfied statement to Porta ment about the Sangh When we see that just before Jmotry 30 1948 meny minbaters were praling the RSS for its valuable work upecally in the cause of refugou, I think more than a baro statement oven from the highest quarters # required and that is why ame of us who are not at all connected with the RSS uked for m open or at lout a fotr anqulry by Logally trained perkot After 21, - the Latin proverb Mys, tag US repente fut tarplalmu-00 000 becomes to the lowest of the love ll of a sudden both in the moral and political world. But, I am afrald, roveral of my friend here have not hown a truo dentific attitude on the question. Whilo giving due weight to what has been maid, written or thought before, will not do to be overwod by the mare prestigo of a great dame or a great work. Even Nowtoo, great he wou in his own field, could make mistakes and could thereforo be improvod upon Wo, to this country ce too prone to gtvo undue Importance to personalities and rtmrd their opinloos on overy object o acomnct. I would like to urge that all tachers should be greu the liberty to diacus questions with their pupils in o to formal wy- of course agree that the cubjecta aboula bo cboon to mult the mental development of the particular clag. But there would be no attempt to dictate to the pupils the opinions they would hald. In fact, students would be couragod to study particularly the case of the nido they pro Inclined to relect, for only by studying the opponents Do will they be able to recept nationaly and not from mers prejudice, their own a Thw it would not be a bad lda to have discussion in which one or two students hould try to plead the case for Dr Malan od hk aparthed polley or to como Dear home make a pla for the retention of untouch. &2 ·bility Of course the opposition will be pladed by otbers to the decaddon. It is only in thh my that students cm require the babit of ratlonel decuadon and talatlan which is of such great importance in democratic moclety I would bring before there the emple of MIH, who in hb controverdal ay put before the opponenti' nde better than men they can put it and then procoeds to mandall his o argument. It kould also be better if tetchers are not arket party men to politics but are greally well informed and take Interest in public questions, though this does not idean that they should not be their right #bucated teachers, and certainly students, would do well as others to repeber Voltarus advice to have preference but do exclalons I have been lasisting that the contific outlook muxt perrade every held in the watertal fald, two persons with cheatif outlook are likely to are in their conclucos when they accept the data la fields loan comentar, politics, or vocal seorm, bowever they may not more tough they have the ame data baloro them, for in the publects to question of welding probabilities and Destoc tbe vurlons relerent factors. Personal predllections will be a curtala Influence; old worthors, perhaps ora tabertted tendencia, 11 detertoine Judgmeat. Hence the wantic outlook for plies wodastanding and tolerance of oppodng vier There qualities are not yety cury to acquire, for everybody ta prano to think a hlmell always right and others wrong I hope thant young men and women are inpressed to that formativo yeurt with the entratually tentative datum of most opinion on current questions. They should not be need too early in the rough and tumble of current poulthea where there I feed o imediate ector. The latense tworption of stu. dents in polities had been deperated by streal far- og Jenders long ago, but in the threat fight for the country a bodependence they were put in the vangard of the political morrent, much to their ultimata diadratase Our pro rent leaders are por realltag thetr maltake but it will dow uke long to correct it. But, the attempt should be monde The totalitarlon ootlook wbich b obremble. La null parts.

·of the world is the very cotithesis of the sclontific outlook. Under Hitler in Germany it took the form of burning inries to cloame them of anti-No Uterature In Ruda even mclentists are required to work only for the advancement of Soviet science, and distingulahed men are ousted from thetr posts of research and even perteps Iquldated if they are politically respect A romowbat nimilar tendency la obeer ble in Amerlan, though perbaps to a less otent, when they Are hunting out up-Arberian activities. I bope that we in India will make a conscious effort to evold the dangers of dictatorship and totalitarlantom. Parbaps, the dangers are evo amore throatening here tham elsewbere, for wo have always been too prone to attach far more importance to personalities than to opinions. In the religous and spiritual field this is obvlow for oveo educated men have been known to become devoted chalos or disciples of Gurus or Swami whore word is law to them. But, 4 there not alle dangor In our public life? When about a year ago one of our top political leader openly confered that the institution of the Mahatma wu more important than his own national conchu slons, we could very well realize that the real retentific outbook is very far from being gmorally current in our own country It is not my object to deal with any current politi al or economic questions but this frank admission has to be ricognized u danger-signal and every effort must be made to see that such an attitude of mind does not became a dign of patriotism. To close the remarks, may I ay that I entirely agree with the Chairman of our comvention when he tells us would be ablo to evolve a room fug and national and lovely pattern of life for our newly liberated country only if there a nadal reorientation of some of the current idon, attitudes, which to the ultimata analyes, determine our Indt vidual and collective behrlour md If through coherent md organized educational offarts (in the widert sense of the word) wo eredlato or at least weaken the unhealthy tender cles and motives of conduct. It be hardly necessary to enu mente all the thing that we are up against — that lack of døle sense, of discipline, of eldency in everyday things, of 84 ·pride in cnflamship of the capactty for co-operation, of tolerance For attaining there Ideals ro went count and moro couray Dot only in the common man, but even more o lo our leader Course to be upopuler for des opinion, courge era to lose elections and be depalved power la what is winted A comprebendro sense of lbaty at all dace and in all fields to the villa md the clues, la cebook and colleges, In village panchayats, to local bodies and in parliament respect for the liberty of others as well us for yourself, there must be widespread in all state of society Coropulsion b fatally mury empertally for constituto aalbort tles. But, outa lf Accepful, it will not succeed to creato a great lodu for which our preat leader bare worked and lor which we are yearning ·DIPORTANT POINTS DISCUSSED DURING THE CONVENTON (From the Chairmans Notes] I NEED FOR A BROAD OUTLOOK 1. Wo aro Uving in a world of Serlow Coolkets, material and Ideological Wo cannot and should not try to rapproa md stam-roll difference but to understand and barinontzo thom so far us posible. 2 In the recent pest, the urge for political freedom provided a common nallytog potnt and kept rerio differences la check. Now they have become dangerowly acuto and it ts Decorary to cultivato consciously I common outlook and approuch to lffo which will give us a unity in diversity 3. It is wrong to formulato # Ngid darllom bedoen Western materiallam and Foster piritualism. Actually these two coments are to be found in all cultures and no stablo culturo or clvilization om be built up without taking the claims of both into account A decent material civiltzatlan postulates cortato moral standards of conduct and every oud cultun must have found economic and material foundation. It is idle to talk about culture od piritual life to people whoso most elementary wants aro not adequately thfiod Wo must strive to build in our people an integrated outlook coverlag all aspects of life toolel, ocoronk, palittal and moral Lo the pame general principles of docet conduct mot gulde our individual and collective conduct to different pheres of life 5 This Integrated outlook mut toclude (a) Felth in the dignity md equality of man and in roul democracy (b) A contific atitude of mlad, paluing factu od umbined in the judgment of beatific o well o por phcuontent without prejudices and puepossession 1 ·(e) A dynamie attitude, apprakty the past, present od future and wger to welcome ber things altaally (d) Recognition of the need for personal purifortion and cultbration of good qualities to relf, for only food mtens am schalen good enda In the world of today, culture acquiring a world connotation dy diana of time god pece are breaking down Geographical and coormunal and naal labels of culture an louing their meaning 7 The party rysten os polities to a threat to clear md contihc thinkingbecause I do thinking to order and the self alutem of groups of Iko mloded perron b very difficult & Educativa mnt be o orientated to cultivate this outlook pot only through books and syllabus bat teachers who aro latellectually hopeg end cungtow and will not be cowed down by power or moty or pressure of Government or public opinion. The freedom from four is decer not only for teachers but for all 9 Our conception of Justice shonld be a wide us man kind-tb not doing rood to ao friends and ill to one eneraler, Bat Inundanken doo not envlage all human being under the two cutegories 10. Narrow to the concept of Culture i fatal culturo la our domata, wbourer produs from the the rejection of any languages or literature or art or mutlo at thought of deact of racial, pographlal or cottotinal grounds desire the care cundemonttoa, & Dot waly all Indian languages but English and chandaal Language like Perlen, Anable are part of our berita 1. While different national a eve group cultures her their amat barnettles which may bare er special values (er merrie, acrtio malay and Doo Tolace in India) It Drectory for u to our wo to find common mod het polnts of culture wd to treat there more than that direrpencta Fe bould Dot, for ample adopt an attitude of bosttity towards the language and kteatures or closet of the wat 12 Freedom of thought bampeatial condition of pro·pogulblo for people of the wine culturo to fight and destroy anne another 11 The developments that have taken place to pelenco and Industry have enormowly focreased material recourco and not only added to material confort but created a crazo for enjoyment and plesaire-soking While peoplo bave certainly the right to a decent living and society must coord it for all, it is not deinble to concentrato ou rich pleepures mduly though, of course, the streets in thb matter will vary from the Heb to the poor Thero should be como diretting of interest from the ephemenal to the abiding and permanent mterests and values 12. Salluhneet the moral basis of the present arbata Uolu w can Implanent to our lives the principle of "doing unto other what we wish them to do to the thoro an be pether bepplocos nor furthea 13. A distinctloa muut be made between cultury which enahrides the highest value of a people and chylliation which #rite outer goal and which changes with the thres with socioeconomic force Indian cvilization is largely Western to-day though the bar bær own characteristic valua Our problem is to a tablish a balance between the forces of our culture and collbation If. dylization embodia the bart value of a culture It will abide and progren. 14 The danger to the promat wads to that wo may love our hold on the popenent bumen plus and the real cholen 'before us is not between the old and the new botworn the spiritual and the material but between what is of permanent and abidhg value and wat is pot. 16. Tbo prezent cultural coll is specially acuto become ttbus occurred in rovolutionary pertod nd the present day conflicts are much greater ud doeper than thon to the post which mamathma adjuted themselves to the ordinary count. Thinkers, teachers and inteloctuals cannot afford to be complecent to the face of the crieda welet i rymbolized by the Atam Bomb to the International field and by the emergency of certala lliberal and fuckst tendences, bot congoolel to the fenfu of India, on the national front Wo muat fight upant ·u martow rerinllem and fumtel and create a humanistic outlook co social, cultural mod political probleona M OBSTACLES IN DIE WAY OF NATIONAL UNITY 1 The communal problon, to the limited to a Hindu Mudra Tmske on the political framt, is not to tense now but #bcntlal to cute to the Mulim mhority a feeling of security and trust and to eradicate the cal and cultural aftermath of the Partitio Cooritmunal furthern bitpring Tlant to the spirit of religion, whother indu, Moslim or 8-14h and the mophets on sculartom means that rellglow pardons and appeals should not be exploited for political purpose Hodus und Minims aan both contribute to this end In various way by better cultural waderstanding through study of whatever bof value in their characterlatte heritag, by ratting martow cultural revtralbo which to widence on pote directions, by clouet political moctation on doo concentral besta 2 There in cartela cocainaal tendences within Hindu society which sbould be adtonted, particularly in relation to be auto system and the treatment of Parlians who must be #ccepted on a footing of completo social equality cod without manual rartions or political motivo 3. Tbc podttoo oo the language front to becoming clearer The place of tbe regional languag at luat upto the colleto stage barmed mod thero b a growing realization of the fact that English, u a medium of international contact and a symbol of our One World bus at an important play in our national and intellectual ufo So far a the federal language by cooctrood, the opposition to Elindi in many parts an be retro there b do udue burry and an attitude of trupotitia edopted to popularting it repodal lanfuges are crea proper scope and the inr of Hindi dacal nation" is eliminated, time will work in uitvou But on the part of all, they bould be attitude of makume and fit pect for a longup and catole In the butter of education our language policy should be to make the replonal language te medha possible bat we should make the teaching of the ·-- Language compulsory throughout At the highest Lo the post-graduate level, we may bayo sevenl types of Institutions - come teaching through the national language some through the regional languages and some even through English but the general pattern will be that of moglonal Language Institu ton 5. When we speak of Hindi - the national language of India, wo mean that broad besed, popular language, not confined to a mall coterle of Senukrit scholars, which Gandhilli had in mind when he advocated the cause of Hindustant In fact, my languages, Serkrit Italf when brought to the masses and tried on the touchstone of popular toege to bound by tho matunl laws of language development to take on that form. So far u tho question of Scientific Terminology k concerned we abould certainly keep the tartos that are gononlly wed, but should borrow new terms for the International Terminology and should havo generally speaking the am terms do the reglanel mod national language. 7 Reglopallo and Provincialism and not ontinly the creation of the British rule though they have becomo Inten- Afted in recent years. The unification of the whole country In the past bus occurred oly a fow tima end at lang Intervals and, therefore rogtopul feelings have ahted for long three. While a strongly centnibod Government is not found We us a robedy certato other mesures can be tried, eg (a) There should be greater unity of policy and con tral in the educational field particularly at the Univer Aty raga (b) There should be baterchange of students and teachen between provinces which would be facilitated If at the highest stages of education, there is one medium of instruction. The tochinkal tormus should in any cote be uniform (c) The curriculuma Abould be broadened, og history should boclude a study of the culture and life of people In different lands. The deal of unity can be appropriately stressed even at tho primary stage ·(2) Social grouptoga lice cube od botels bould not be caringud on regional of communal or prostidal (e) Similarly communal educational fortitutions in a hindranat in the derdopoeat of true pattonellen und should be trandormed into mutitutions open to all and Folletton for all () Cart should be taken to me that no organizations with a DAITOW or batolerat factst mentality art allowed to play on regloral or communal feelings in the part of doing cultural work. & Seculariti kould be tuterpreted strictly und Impartially no me to apply to the majority ** well a minority roup It would be wrong to regard cultural rulle or rollglous rociation of the majority group a betog rational while the came thing applied to the minority groups might be interpreted us communal or cooterlan 9. It is pectory to dostlaguish between unity and uniformity Uniformity offers a bort cut-o need to have ditlerent language or communities of religions or culture trends, bet there all be steam-rolled 1 But this to a dlustrows pobky Wat mo need is not a monotone but a symphony a unity to diversity which offen long and dutcult road but bat to the right rond. Yo should attempt a federation In the cultural Held also, welcorning and finding room for all Languages, a literature, all *chools of music, all way of thinking and we which ccept certain bale standards of dectney 10 Loyalues art of low growth and w bould try Latelligently and tactfully to win over the loyalty at all Itoupe mod cocomunities through wood education od later, Administrate social md econork police. Every con Duty in India has to pass the text of genuine loyalty to the country to the alklaction of its own conscience and of the country u whok. If a brother feels in danger to our It is really our Owo soul that la donger 11 We must try to broaden the basis of our hich in the post has been often sted in the of our aste or family or costunity - ·practices likt sepotismo patronage and communal favouritbus haro bot been common but have bud social approval Thr lendency to turn public opportunities to personal ederim ahould receive unwaring public coademnation 12 Schools must create a falta In democratic bottle tutions through their own texching md activities and the general mi-up of the social institution in the country abould simulate and strengthen the democratic approach and of courare reactionary or fad forces whatever the purb to which they may seek to enlist the interest and support of youth. 13. We should not Acrifice the value of Democracy for tho ake of short-term efficiency and speed which totalitarian mothods may ensure. We must mund the right of Erre kell exproudon of our opponents a keenly as we rurd our own right otherwise we shall be pullty of piving up состасу at the very first trial! Dermocracy has not yet become an operative force in our life bacause we are still in the agitational state af miod whers criticima looked up as almost an end in twll kad the requlto mental attitudo for the succostul function ing of democracy has not been dovelaped Le copacity for mutual comprobare and moramodation, respect for different opinions, vigilance to the protection of fundamental richte, active effort tor the remoral of social {lls and clots discorn forta rather than their petstve acceptance. 15. Education must take note of the fact that there has beon in recent decades a general grorth in intolerance di bocesty selfishness bed cvic manners and deficiency which hau goseconde by side with the up.exampled record put up by lakkut of people on the political front This Is sont surked la power groups than in the common people and, therefore the ro ponability of educational immitutions, through which much tadividual kaye to pan, E ter IV PROBLEMS ? YED I a ·& To be able to do so, w abould learn to thlak te with a co-operatire, non-traplottative modety organted to a secular and democratic state This should recent alors educational thin Hot and methylty 2 We must guard paint the danger of todulehyb romanthem about the past. We should adopt .attial approach to our social and cultunl berlton Accepting what pood and courageonly recting what u bad. This will provide the intellectual substratum of our national connecter 2. The values that w reperd u worthy of our honoter cammot be transferred through work only to become mal they must be apertenced Bat our education to lurphy process of transmeton of words and not truetter litt opertence bato character. This acentista mn often Dok Realing for truth but looking for fober, artata mod at that tell about art or literature but do not expectance besity teachers md profesors talk about honesty and truth lnstead of prima theing them la their conduct. In the conspiracy of hypocrity our rchools, colleges and bones ant all haplicated tod Dory must now all fola bn hameahiing education and stating 4 mtellectual Integrity The beatness of our educationlsts wd thinkers te (x) to study triderstand und Interpret what mabunt me stand for and (b) to help us to experience these value of our buted lectual, cooral and artistic heritage This "experimclag of rules throusta rock' does Dot refer to manual work only but tocludes hotellettual work od conscious metallation through the influence of a ronment ahoo. But hundwork sppeals to most challdita od at the beste slage It would be the normal arenda of peal trely' Le. rationally and critically with our hand ood Dot, with our blood. The Fuckst outlook k based on thinking the the Hood Lc. to the licht not of moral potociples bat alatlons with ruce or crted or a family ou. dont not meap Deutrality between beste barns mod of tu, but looking at things to the Ught of petosten than retoral mteretadot ieetptingar ·because they do or do not rult is - and fight farleely in bebalf of what we are convinced l Hght 6. Banc Education if it is organised in the right plott, aan become a poverful factor in the moulding of the national mind aloog Hght Ina This implies the transformaation of our "boak chools into work schools or communities of work and experience which would shift the monl and paychological emphasis to eduation. It is not foformation but living and crimilation that educate. But nothing can be achieved unless there ba sense of national urgency 7 Teachers have to play a decisive role in this reorientation of the national character and they cannot do so unler thoir economic u well as intellectual and cultural standards are nated very comolderably On tho other hand, whi. they have every right to dernend and get rotonable standards of living they must cultivato in then.molyo higher standards of conduct and values. They cannot look avlously at black berket wealth and simultaneously enjoy the huxury of dat plping it and rmning it down! 8. In this, In every great revolution, the chango will have to begin with indrvidual teachers and individual schools which have faith in there idonds and values u auch things cannot be done by a Government fiat Virtue, Hice vlee, 5 contagious and we can defont a good dal of the prevailing pexolnien by an act of faithfalth in the totumph of what is good 9 Schoob should foln in tho prepantion of good boolos for our natlonal life and cultural heritage-teachers can per pare small booklets to co-operation with their Audenta. This is not a democratic or spectacular my but It b the only prac table and effective way of getting out of the vicious circle. 10 Schools bould encounge rollglow tolerance in pupils by a reverent study of various religions so far as poable at that stage und by placing to their hands a book full of panallal pages containing high ethlal teachinp taken from different priptura. 11. There should be minterpretation of history not with the object of merificing truth to national patrlotion but to give the studenta a proper umderstanding of what to really ·alon tint on their ar hideg od tattoo Ti 12 Wo bould mot kord loent et ne Hot only school but pendio dors, atto ancut our otooal dance bas to Wails and bould want a podiun cutit tude to the baball No dtectin toccot Export on the outlook and chancter of the fronteresting Pe to potrebow barbotn the Intheca A DAYAK 13. We have been so obstod ta tur til ing of the last len yeni mt w bare det mest s dom -- not let that we are a free people to driftin nlang. I doaatioo late to create a new freedom, We may lose the feat opportunity that OMA V DEVELOPIENT OF A SCIENTUTC OUTLOOK 1. While there theoretical toetation on ta vart many peoplo of the founders of the deatlfic ook actual application to lub rare and atted. There i of combatency between their intelectual cari hata 2 This scientifio outlook must be cultinta la watu la mbools and colleges through the properly oriented by of science and through other rubjects lilu utory w choice, where controversial na ban loba amter. Tu barpenting of their powena obation and chal tour ink, the cultiration of an objective attitude, por kete I. The teaching of science should arold early petits tlon und room mun be found for the physical and bacloro CITICOS A well as bahtory of daxellorture the code of Arts and Science should be able to underdum ad pot date some of the deals and techniques of toch other's It must pertacato all aspecte ind phases d ideal 201 be confined to scicatife work of Le It should be tú principle pot merely to technique Inforening our stody the other educative areadet to w to retashlon our ways a We and thought practice. then practical laboratory tnlning of work. social, moral ethical and een philosophical wool Suct ·3 because they do or do not gult w and Aght farlely to behalf of what wo ure convinced I Hght & Badde Education, if it is organised to the right spirit, an become a powerful factor in the moulding of the national mind along right line Thia tmplies the transformation of our "book schools" into rock mchool" or cornmunities of work and experience which would shilft the moral and poychologlal emphala in education. It brot information but living and animilation that aducate But nothing can be achieved unless there is a sense of national urgency 7 Teacher have to play a decisive role in this reodeth tation of the patlanal character and they cmnot do so unlo their economio aw wall a intellectual and cultunl standards ere rolsed very conuderably On the other hand, while they have every right to demand and got resonable standards of living, they must cultivate to themselves higher standards of coaduct and values They-annot look avloualy at hleck moartet wealth and dmultaneouly enjoy the luxury of der plong it and running it down 8. In this, o in every groet rovohutlan, the change will have to begin with individual teachers and lodividual schools which have fulth in these ideals and malum u ruch things cannot be done by . Government fint Virtue, like vler, L contaglow and we can defeat a good deal of the pronulling pessimism by an act of faith—faith in the triumph of what 1 good 9 Schools should join in the preparation of good books for our national Ufe and cultural heritage teachers can pro pare amall booklots in co-operation with their studenta. This is not a democratic or spectacular way but It I tho only prac ticable and effective way of getting out of the vielowe circle. 10 School should encounge religious tolerance in pupils by a reverent study of various religiosos so far - poolblo at that stage and by placing m their hands.book full of panllel passages containing high ethlal tuaching taken from different scriptura 11. There abould be a runterpretation of history Dot with the object of acticing truth to national patriotism but to give the students a proper understanding of what is rally ·significant in thetr own history and the history of the world 12 We should bobiiltro all our edecatre reputa not only schools but pruh, madla, etnete faralby bootie orto orient our national character in the light of the Heals and we sbould adopte poultire and not t par att tude in this breball. No diective taflumce am be exercise on the outlook and character of the growing for the male we aan mekor harmonize the influence of the chood ed the other educatlye uctacles 11. We ha berno obored with the trage burpe Ing of the last few yean that we have not experience in dom -- not fet that we are a free people - md here beza difting along I odbcation falls to create a listog vernd freedoor, we may love the preat opportunity that has come to w to reashion our ways of life md thought V DEVELOPIENT OP A SCIENTIFIC OUTLOOK 1. While there ba theoretical noceptance on the part of mang people of the poundren at the scientific outlook, Ho actual application to Wfo ba mure and limited Thera banliek of comtsterxy between their tota lactual completions med pracuco. 2 This scientillo outlook must be cultivated to students la schools and colleget through the properly orlented Ready of wetence and through other subjects like history literatur ctrica, where controversial bauer have to be combned. The sharpening of the power of observation and critical think ing the cuthation of wo obfecttre attitude, la moore toportam than practical laboratory training 3. The touchng of scimet should arold early pedala ton and room must be found for the physical and blolopla cesce u well w hbtory of schepte Mortover the student of Arts and Science should be able to understand mod appr clate some of the head and techniques of each other's the of work It muut permette al spects uod phones a Wema not be confined to deatific work ook le. It should beul principle not merely to technique mormint our study pocul, mon), ethical and eneo philosophiaal lees Such ·outlook would reject romantic comments about the part os well as the gllb acceptance of all that happens to be new The frult of such an outlook is the patient poderstanding and toler RDCO of different vows and the receptence of the tentatirt drture of opinbars. A fmattal or totalitarian attitude is the very antithals of this outlook. In our nettonul le, wo bito meblored certain meostro of the truotal of physal un torehability but it has all to be achieved at the mental and emotional level where It expresses Iteelf be the form of tntellectual intolerance and tabulty to entertain differences with good humour and mutual understanding 5. We must loam to attach more importance to opinions on their marito then to persona pho may Yalce them In mchance, unik, philosophy there is no womahlp of groet Dames Our leaders and intellectual munt cultivate the courago to stake thefr populartty Love elections and powuty and privileges in the service of truth 6 Parruadon of the mind is more difficult than compuldon which may sometimes be fatally easy But that is tho only remonable and humano way 7 The scientific outlook involves the ricopcillation af the past, the present and the future and I both canternative Add revolutionary & Knowledge and scholarship by themselves do not necercarily bring about such an outlook and one aften meet dentists who an quite frrational and even ruperuidows outide their special phere 8 Science annot by Itzelf reveal the full pature of reality or the purpose beblod tt Philosophy and Religious Experience too have their important place to lift and con tribute to its fullness. Scopco must, therefore recognize the limitations and education must teach pooplo to wee life Headly and yet it rhole 10 Adentific outlook require the capacity on the part of a todividual to think for himselt Thalolng for it should, therefore, begin at bone and with children in school -hrough their early questions and discussions bet oto tauchen und children lading to pfung of facts und deu 88 ·V TILAT PART CAN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS PLAY DEVELOPING A NATIONAL OUTLOOK AND CULTULAL UNITY AND IN PROVIDING TRAINING FOB CITIZENSHIP 1. The tok of education is both to conserva petal bert tare and to belp in the reconstructions and the improvement of the social order 2. But, bring itself a part of the well procter, It bud considerable limitations upon to power Entry Stata ad pocial order Infect overy group-trla to utilize its hiftotce for its own conservation, for shutting out thcongenial locs, the con Alket of various metasta la often mirrored to the curr cul and methods a well as the theology of education 3 Schools and Colleges must, however be retured Terwonoble freedom of thought and to fear of thought what the almost universal among verted taterette, should be mad anted. Our claw-rooms, preoccupied only with impartire of Informabon, boto become mellectually nustgaw they should become centres of free discuuman and should learn to survey actual problems dixpawlonately and critically 4 We mot try and break down the call not coly between the intellectuals and the mustes but also betreda men al centre deals and culture on the one hand, and love teachers on the other the present position to that one group is concerned with cultural lances to the betreut while the other is tied dont to claw-root routloo and there has no Calertzation $ In order to promote the right kind of citizenship and encounse comunico national and human conto che following measures can be trked in books and Colletta (a) Trora formation of communal bestek (b) Organtuwon of inter-provincial des and soon and exchange of teacher (c) Re-molume of national bestory to show.co-opera ure effort and Educsements Lo the past and that tion of a national outlook through narkous text (d) Free down of all połols of vier * Institutions mod ·to teachor to express their preferences without an attempt at Indoctrination (e) Recruitment of teachen who will be free of coste and creed prejudices. (1) This process should bogta arly and even tn primary schools, children should tranxend the idea of mutual differences through common gema, common mools, common mifarm and partidpatlan to activities lik. Scouting and vartow group projects (8) Corporate activity in schools which bring children into the comradeshłp of common affort for common caw is the only permanent beals for mutual under standing and respect, because it involves learning through living 6. Whilo all there manures are undoubtedly necerdry It would be remembered that the problem is really decper and will not be solved morely by changing th Dama of commumal institutions or asking toucher to take pledge of a noncommunal outlook Institutions, non-communal in name and open to all communition, may bo us Darrow in their outlook and and national as any communal one. The real problem is to change the hearts and minds of pooplo-parents, teachers and children to that they will approclate the values of tho higher loyalty to humanistro ideal us against narrow Ideala of race and creed and sectThis nood not imply an Indiffer enco to roligloon fact different poople will do their Inupiration for this attitudo from different sources it may bo religion or science or socialism or humanlun. We should roalbze that there is nothing anomalous to a man balng a good Hindu or Mualım or Sikh and a good Indlan or a man being good Indian or Chinese or Ronlan ed a good citizen of the world at the pame tme In fact, truo religion and true patriotism demand auch an attitude of respect for truth on whichever do it be found end of raadideas to subordinate the lower for the greater causa 7 A transformation of chancter attituda und outlook to only poodble when the wholo educational systemmethods, curtkula, books, Ideology disciplines transformed Othorwie we shall be only tinkering with the problemi.

·The brotestatible prepare of the entire cucutlooul and poolal machinery should all on the ode of the ldals that wo chartsted & Special attention must be store to the retralnog of teachers, through better keletten md the reconstruction of the methods and contents of Tralatag College coursesThese Colleges are too pre-occupled at prevent with triels of the trace má not enough with mumolding teachers, gtving then social pentity and teachlog them how to use the varlow subjects a tool for cultivating the right Ideology and ou look in their pupil • Steps sbould be derived to later the studeats into closer touch with the rural population and its problems and for this purpoto adequate schemes of social service would be ported out 10 The Universities should particularly atteod to the Doeds of what tation through organbting centra, dbcbe don froups and settlements and producing multable litert. ture and illustratto material 11. La the election of toucbens and other workea, fidency should be our matn criterion. But we would regember that this an only bout I thon who on to select pourens integrity od Importlauty and cificiency doc pot Itell become a cloak for favouritbm 12. Unirolles mux nadleate the mobile polka which bare entered into thera. 13. Fro decipline borcemary to childbood because suppression rerulus in produselde inntration and paycholort al peryersions in children. Honality cannot be taught through prohibitiom owodu restrictions A happy childhood leads to a Dotal od contented adult use and Art on play a maluable part to reallding the manor bytara of child, per tonality At the age, vomen teachers in STO* TOT urful than med 12 Thinlog for dillenship does not mean merely teoctung alex metankel babits med dobe rules but Involver the enrichment of the whole personality in all directions by providing a rich and happy wod healthy castropmentAn ·to tachers to express their preferences withogt om attempt at Indoctrination. (e) Recruitment of teacher who will be froe of asto and creed prejudices. (f) This process should begta arly and even in primary schools, children should transcend the Idee of mutul differences through common game, common meals, common uniform and participation in activities III. Scouting and various group projects (8) Corponte activity in schools which brings childmm Into the comrede hip af common effort for common causes is the only permanent beals for mutual under standing and respect, became it involves leaming through living 6. While all the mornite are undoubtedly decorary It should be rem.combered that the problem really do per and will not be polved merely by changing the names of com munal Institutions or asking toucher to take pledge of noncaramimal outlook Institutions, non-communal in name and open to all communities, muy be o narrow in thoir outlook and anti-national as any comminunal ona The rool problem is to change the hearts and minds of peoplo-parents, touchers and children that they will approclato the values of tho higher loyalty to humanistic ideals u against darrow Ideals of race and creed and soct. This need not imply an indiffer ence to religion in fact different people will draw their Inopiration for this attitude from different sources It may be rollgłon or schence or socialbo or humanban, We should realize that there is nothing anomalodu tn man being a good Hindu or Mualim or Silch and good Indian or a man being rood Indian or Chinese or Ruslan and a good dtlien af the world at the amo time In fact, true religion and truo patrlotion demand such an attitude of respect for truth on whichever side it is found and of readiness to subordinate the lotser for the grater cause 7 A transformation of charactor atutudod and outlook to caly porable phen the wholo educational systems methods, curricula, books, Idealogy discipline transform ed. Othererbe we shall be only Hnkering with the problemi 11.1 ·CONCLUDING SPEECH BY THE CHAIRMAN BIRI EG SAIYIDAIN Shit k Q. Selyldata toode the following points 1. We who un concerned with the world of mind ood Hoes would dot be modet or apologetic about ont proto sool statu In the peat to most countries, cluding ours, tateDestanla hm often be content to play the part of torin bourtnt for politicians and men with Influence, power and money But this positioa mworthy of them and dat perom for the future of tho world. It be true that one literature of protest has been produced during the last few dead but, wbole, our weiter ad teacher and think en bare pot played the full part What were they dotny when the whole country was ablate with facut ca od madnea and what had they done earlier to utost the growth of this mentality? We bould, therefore frankly acknowlekane our mearure of respomlbility for what bu bappened us well # the power and Inftuenes that can weld it we learn to pull together in the service of worthy Idoala. 2 I am not incloed to upree with the mode of cong placency displayed by some members who think that there do rrally wrlow cultunl wat m all but merely a temo porary maladjustment which will be not usht in ordinary course. If apo balls to see this chal which hits ope blatantly In the ese It mets that elther he has no vabon or ble trots Lower Ls po strategically and correokratly stated that he annot per the desperato Arundle of ldets mod Ideale potny od all around ! Bocortimes one an we the decline that huset In our character and malues are mort claudy la muhe overyday things than in the ble happeolop and misdructions of autural ure Octarionally when I compare the attitoden and beherrlour of our ancestors with thore of our own me nation, I hero the feetlog that while thelt outlook may have becn more bited and drummenbed, they really bad deeper and son sincere loyalty to thel Herbs md ·prepared to pay the price of adhering to them. We, on the other hand, in spt to talk big but have bardly genuine loyalty and Ideale. In this age of commerciallen, the get richqulck mentality and the polish approach to life havo taken the place of Ideallsın. 3. This b not the occudon to stress the positive ade of dur balanco-theot because we have met here to appena and cudzo md not to praise oureelyes, o that we may be clear to our own mind what the trues are that we have to face So, I would endeavour to illustrate with the help of a for comples, the determination that has not to our national character to which education, la to widest sento murt bort owly address itself. (a) Thore is m alarming decline to our ctyle standards md it not perbapo un capperation to my that public concurn no ano i concern As a people, we are often gullty of criminal indifference towarde public welfaro, of couring pablle wuto without compunction and, even when we do not do no canzelve, we see the things being done by other but reglater no protest ag. wute of water and light in publla place, wuto of money and paper in offices, vandallom tn mallway carriages, making parts and streets and gardens unclan, throwing about rubbhh wherover conveniot The froquont break down or thefficiency of local welf-government b another proof of our tability to think in tarot of public walface md our readincow to turn official opportumities to personal account We have yet to learn even the formathon of quero it is not wanal to reo young men albowing old and wat women out of the way md forcing theproves into train and trains and bubes what pne meber approprlately alled the storms-trooper's mentality Unless we an put it down not only through education but also through trong public dayproral es fell u trang punitive action, o shall not becarne a truly cvilized people. The man who lowent the standards of national mandent and proro hl chole obligations does not deserve to be treated moro loolently thes, pay the man who indulges la petty larcency (b) Another dangerous tendency is the lowertog of our fundards of officlmcy md the growing tendency to do mort 104 ·to i dipebod od haphazard mammer Speaking corally it pertama true to my that most of our fuken, manues well a totellectual, are pot concerned so much with mastery of the subject of perfection or podo la mchlorement they art izlow to get on with the heart that will do Thus a meson illl make 1 bath-room from which mater will not Alor out, a carpenta will make doors which will not fit property coach builders will construct lorda tn which comfort while travelling will be poble, officials and charts will do furt mough work to rodd censure, teachers md profesora will be content to touch what they bed letrat decades ago mudents will after prepare for the anamtoation during the loot few months so that they may fost luara moogt to pass It or they happen to be ubitour, to securo e pood clar hxane pealer pigently remuntad, many of our entlatz banker hot after truth bat eta lobs md our mortista are atten content to talk about art fosted of arpadeadox beauty through the trail of the tritWo in becomlag Incro Ingly unworthy to pay the polet of perfection to terms of hard, bonet, katerested work. To my mlad, bad modum hip b pot a techintaal of vocational faut bat * verloo monal time ind Coriyle mus quite right wben bo spoke of the lazy and incompetent aurpenter who broko all the ten Courmand Dents with every dngle stroke of bla beroey" there are many bocourable exceptions both fodhviduals mod group but there is no un shutting our ye 16. fact that our pational standards of olemney bere poor down to must be ndically troproved. (c) Toes, our education manat partkularly concern Hall with bridgtog the full between our Idab kod Acthan what Dr Zakir Hlul called to confortal ou numa toto perienced aures bile our Culture and Religion md Pot losophy are Truth and Integrity to find a deplorable lacts of both in our overyday glo hytop for personal dato, petty paliving Ucketlo travel tardest fo.combes, black marketiniam mo unprecedented ale We bold that the bole of the bottenporal walty that it be trust from Crod, that it should be pernateated by total cona derations and rales in all lo usperts, as the beruwal wards of the Of coure ·Prophet of Iam "the entire world be moque or holy ground" But, in actual practice, we have different and often contradicting standards In private and public life. Sometimes even decent persone decent in thelr personal and family relationship-Indulge in Depotlam, Jobbery and corruptian and tmagine that they are only being End-bearted and doing good to their dependents and that there is no harm to it I Th. fact that sodlety does not outcasto them and In fact, kooringly accepts them as honourable mornbers, roub u general lowering of moral standards. Again, as against our ideologi cal attectuent to spletual values, there b In practico grow ing commerciallo of outlook which regard even education as a purely marketablo commodity and which is propered lightly to rubordinate public tnterest to personal enda in politics, butnere, admlnlstration and oven in the running of educational tratatutions Abov. all, traditionally we have been devoted to the values of peace and Mahatma Gandhi bad made Ahimn our gulding star oven to the political struggla But nowhere was the breach between theory and practice mirrored moro clear ly than in this field whon, with the apostle of non-vlolenco In our midst, we mdulgod in communal slots and other atrocities which one abould fan forgot If oblivion could remove the possibility of thetr rocurrence If these horrors had been committed by to thouand parroos, one could have per hapo consoled oneself with the thought that there are always much brutos in all countries and all ages and what are a for thouand oil persons in a population of 400 million! But ·dande i Cun monal measurede po further! There were po doubt Hent and thero person, belongboog to all communi Hey, who taked and policed their lives to Ave men, women ed children of other communities from the mud roveago and blood lot of their own oo-telldonista. Al bonour to them lor they are the olto the earth, but their number clas, w Imitant What were our teacbant and educaton pd sodal wote and many of our pollual leader doing at the time? When we our raunard wirtuality whilat muffered the bruto how to utwopa? I mention tbon instance, big and small, to thon that pobson has entered deep into the minds mod hearts of many people and must be endleated. It is Latal not to recognize it. Wohan undoubtedly grout res of spiritual strongth and we must draw upon there without delay And so long as the ponte of Lorapeutic od wolf-examination Le pot dond in a people there to every bopes of recovery Thla Convention it mell ls . proof of the fact that we ponce this apuelty for national Introspection. The first stop in the atharsis of the soul b the cluthation of our own dous about the maledy and a recognition of its symptoms, coupled with datambao tlon that we wall mobile all our touron to combat the danger Thab what w bare been trying to do Tbe best Hep ban the thinklog out of concreto menu that can be adopted which is more difficult becaun maro domling with • wido-pread porcholoplaul altuation affecting hurdrdos of molons o persons for which no quick, Okty really applt able and fool proof remedy can be found. It a bound to be loas procent beginntag with the very difficult took of the transformation of our own individual roles and widentar out into the reconstruction of the entire educational and socio-economie malen Some of the likely persones have been ruerested durtag these deliberations, tung odbora occur to all those who are prepared to face this question bonestly tod sincerely The iroportant thine La to try and break the riclous arele in our own Immediate sphere an a should berotor beuren of the message of the Coavto ton to purious parts of the country and should try to the bilsh nucleul in to the unrrerates and colleges for the 107 ·md frmdiscurdon of these vital issue. It is not necessary that all teachers and students should accept the idential con cluslans that we have arrived at but it is eatential for the to realbe that these foruos edst and it is necesery that they should be trained to discuss and thrash them out with objec tivity and that the general trend of their thought should be ta harmony with the spirit of humaniem which this Convon tion has advocatod. If we can helre them with that spirit, We wall have made an invaluable contribution to the walvttion of our national Joull ·MANIFESTO OP THE CONVENTION We art fuced today with a grape crtais la our culturo which is threatening my of our traportant social, Intellectual od moral values. It has tooded to undermin. our national character and lower the standard of our cole life and into gitty We find radova manifestations of It around a which moont with a rodal vhion and model comucenco an tull to nother or lore. It is impertirely necesary therefore, that all man md worden of podwill, who are concerned about the luture of that country-teachers, wittana, thikers and artits-bould tess the rituation arttally and objectively md suhet ta loprom i We, the dobe putes to the Convention discunod moule of tho beat problema furored in the aim and, waruult at full prolonged descuadora, we bare formulated the following propositions which reytt a far copetrus o opinion and on the lone long which wo bould direct our own thinking and that of our fellow dittzent It s podle that no of the propoulthoas my strike our fellow warken ba tha fhela of culture outside the Convention wall-evident or even plan utodenoun. That , bogrever only a mentoro of the arty of the present crisis-namely that I should bo Decroury to reafirm these keu publicly and unambiguoualy We have dopt to becouse w art polpanty aware that many forces and tendencies have o late been developlas s Dur Dational wo shich threaten to dbrupt or have actually dbrupted, bese yua We are convinced that, Inupite of Ideologal diller coces, It popible fos ad of us to come together rod holas community of effort on the pletter of a broad branim which rels on a full and Innk recognition of the inherent diguts of men u man end of all me and lopties that each has the right to the fuller derelmpront of his part and personality 2 P'e believe that this an only be patike if Henta requale proruton motorul u well at cultural facilities 1 ·and frank dlacundon of these vital Irue It Is pot pacery that all teachers and students abould nccept the idential com clusions that we have unived at but it is comtal for then to roalize that these leues exist and It L nochery that they should be trained to discum and thrush them out with objectvity and that the general trend of their thought should be in harmony with the spirit of humanion which this Conventhlon has advocated. If we can Inspire them with that split wo mhall have made an invaluable contribution to the salva tion of our national roull ·Cutie outlook wilt would be wedded to the establishment cooperative, non-emploiting social order in a secular and democratie state, maring equallty of opportunity to all and paling po diacrtatration amoupat people on ground of costo oored or more or color of model status or politial optakan ta belon that me value and become real and open in our We ulen, through action, it becomes at perluced vabu At present the damgorous and prow Le beach breto our Hals uod our conduct, our ldeo and Our action Ideals that wt theoretically cherlih bould be to prwted mod mlated us to become an active influence in the baptor of our conduct. We believe that freedom of thought is not only the w for programas In the technlal is well as wel mod moral Beld but is part of the dignity that there to an It should be allowed and encouraged maclety as well as in aduce thonal Institutions which should condomly cultivate to the student a capacity for free mod critical thinkton md derulop Ing in them pallonal and cleatiile artlook wblich they may learn to apply to Inspect of their lifo and work. Thk out look impllos thinking objecttrely Le whh the band and not with the blood od us to order ortent noguard unlot unresoarble preludices superstitions and unda partlamat 10. We are convinced that I would be impordible to achieve any worthy national ends without cultitudine bien personal integrity and enacting standards of conduct to India viduals Our edueation which has been prodoratantly aandere on the past in its approach wal objection mot QOW Canicowy concealnate on this spect of its work 11. 15. feel that we should plect our exopbands on the derclopment of a national rather than a replaced or provin cual or corvaunal outlook and at our docellonal teltu wons uod other media of most commoundation for the purpose 12. As the teachers are the brala lostrumenta for bring log about the poyebological reorientation, It bentul that ther material rod cultural nandards should be condiderable ·RESOLUTIONS OF TIE CONVENTION 1 Thla Comrentie welcome and beartily support the Endowments proposal to establish an Institute of Art thonal Service. 2. Tek a stew to achiere the state nime and object of cut tural and national unity in India thl Correndon re commends that the dolcrale of the various Universities and cultural antations in the country do thate best to Implanent tho Idoal of the Convention both to thetr Individual apacity and through the organizations they roprosent, 1. The Convention trexaneda to the Universities and Education Departments of the Government of India and varlons prostacer and states that at all stages of oder cutlou an impetu be greu to the dovelopment of the S of cultural and national wity through my orkeatation in the touchbar d modal dadlan, particularly hlon tory which trould crapbase the cultural contribution of the different peoples In India and outuldo to the growth of culture, nather than mero polltlal openu ilko win und the rise and call of dynastien Thla Coavention to conda to the Parekh Endow ment that makes of pamphlets bearing on totunni malty may be publisbed under it topices and if a bo pot able to mdertake that works financial support may be stron to any other organlation doing this work. 6. This courention approclates very much the attempt of the Perall Esdowment in hartaz mubled the radio representative of Gorunments and ednational and cultaral Instituthat to meet at Mabubulohet to coor fer on yhlal cultural problem of og mational to and 11 ·Dr Parapse moved a rote of thanks to the Core House at Mahabaleshwar and the llon ble Priler for fructo bent af Bombay for permitting the wre of the Coventut the Convention. He also thanked the Chairman for them trat gork that he bad been doing for the Convention Tvels mibied that a good deal of preliminary work has been done to continue this work of choluing caltural mily ba loda It be desirable that such gathertop should bo beld perlod.cally at different entre la India. This Convention, herclor, recommends that the Endor ment should explore the poedblity of boletne och Con ventes in future and abro ol estableblog contact with olher allied gencles and organbaatlons in the Beld. The Convention of the opinion that dodants of all secondary schools mod collero la the country about he provided with opportunities and freullties sparta thets educational programa, to spend Lome of thdr vrcation every yar in rural areas, in tudents run! CHOPS, with them to do social and cultural work II pouble, Obere should be inter provinell mural map of students. The Convention loeb Ibat Andents mital catupa would considerably belp to bring about better understandiak between rol and has areas, TAIC a plot of unlly umongst studente, mould help to equip the futuro du. tom of the country with a comprehensivo ad cabedre knowledge of the country od wauld aloo retro la la prore be anal arts themselves 7 This Convention is crapballally of ophalon that the hoteport of denominational and communal educational Irautations and hostels in derlental to the growth of common petitors and enten otulona nad request Marly steps be taken to dirent such Insulations #thedr coormusal character both lo form and iphol The Chairman runted up the proceeding and admired the courtesy kooridge and to the he ·RESOLUTIONS OF THE CONVENTION 1 This convention welcomes and beartily popports the Endowmenth proposal to establish on Insultato a N+ tbocal Service 2 with a How to achlove the main alma and obfort of chat tural md national mity to India thl Convention it commends that the delegates of the norton Universiti and cultural orpantentions in the country do their best to tmplement tho Idonls of the Convention both in their Individual capacity and through the organbrations they Topract 1 Thiba Codreation receanmonda to the Univeruthe und Eduatlon Dopertment of the Govornment of India and various provinces and states that at all staro of oduatlon o Impott bo dren to the dorolopment of the so of cultural and national unity throtich now orlen tation to the teaching of social stad.ea, particulady hl tory which would emphashto the cultural contribution al the different people in India and outside to the growth of calture, rather them more political events Hiko wo und the rise and all of dynasties The Conrontion recommends to tho Purokh Endow mont that a verla of pamphlots bouring on cultural mity may be published ander its amples and if it be not ablo to undertake that work, financial cupport may bo piven to any other organbration doing this wort 5. Thits Convention ppreciates vry much the attempt of the Parekh Endowment in hustng cabled the wodow representatives of Governments md educational and cultural trattation to meet at Mababaichmr to confer on vital cultural problems of our national Hic and 112 ·THE TA PARSKI EDUCATION DOWBIENT Vader whece samples the Cuervention met) The Ideale of the Endowmotat cu bet be named up In uw words of the dopor himal "Right from the time I had beto at chool, I ban bees leeling that the buman bola perhaps the most blowed eration of God-achar duty to he kind Creator, and that every thoughtful person bas un ablation of a duty to do socoathing that would betoy happt ner to trend. I then AY and studied the wife work of a priber den and then yondered all the tho I would ever he knopportually of willing to their footatepe Many eris brought about by the war and the cooditboa re- Altlog teretro hare made man ever bort mih, mon DATUW-minded, poorer to outlook, booldus making blomspletons of werything that goes on around him rad terlart highly rell-presivne How much or long to be froa from such an atmospbere and to live in a world breathing of boalthy ats such a world need to be created" Love and tolerance, faith and understanding, taculation of moral valuesther alone em belp the creation of archa worlal The Antellectual mod the Des are to be boudt tato unboa and formed into a powerful force to counternet hatred, fuprctoo md ponoce Estuction has the only polent force wbih ces arto the common tous pateat with social tendence and exhaulng dappen to freedom for ctor furter past, ul the rety recent Gendhlas Ern, lodh me ment to the world cultural and spiritual forces for the better runt d mankind In this land of Heh bertuss, pwce wty and Arength bare to be conserved for the food of the world For any one perman, this task b too put and the dover does not expect to where the imposible with her halted round The Endermeat, lo consultation with bote ochel roshe m od leaders of thoutte hos made wall beginning ·undertaking some weful activities in the field of aduation, OTKC of which is the Cortvention on Cultural Unity in India Peace, Unity and Progress are the aims of the Endow mont Proper oducation of the mates and co-operation of the intellectuals are the means Service of humanity is the all-transcending foul of the donor The Eodovinent de very modest attempt toward thbs good ad.

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