of the family of Gesu Daraj of Gulbarga; son of Shah Raju, teacher of Abul Hasan, Qutb Shah of
Golconda (died 1704 A. D.).

--Śṛṅgāramañjarī. Mysore II. p. 14. TD. 11001.

Edn. V. Raghavan, Hyderabad Arch. Dept., 1951.

poet of the court of Akbar, cited in later anthologies. IO. Keith, p. 1157b. Cal. Ori.
Jour. III. 5. pp. 136-7.

Real name Govindabhaṭṭa. See IHQ. XVII. pp. 257-8; also Bikaner, p. 230.

--Birudāvalī. Rep. Raj. & C. I. p. 39.

--Rāmacandrayaśah2prabandha, praise of King Rāmacandra of Rewa, a contemporary of Akbar.

Bik. 522 (Auf. CC. I p. 167b). Bikaner 3080. RASB. IV. 3109.

with metrical Hindi C. Skt. Coll. Ben. 1897-1901. p. 240 (no. 1002) (inc.). [Page003-a]

gr. tract on voices of verbal forms for beginners. Adyar II. p. 88a.

Dig. Jain logician. Wilson, Mack. Cat. p. lxi. Sewell, Antiq. of Madras, p. 265. Epi.
Car. II. Insc. 64 (A. D. 1163) gives the teachers up to Akalaṅka. Insc. 67 mentions Ak.'s
dispute with the Buddhists at Kāñcī. Also ibid. Intro. pp. 48, 68, 84, 85; Vol. VI. Intro.
p. 30.
Mys. Arch. Rep. 1917. p. 24. Rice, Mysore II. p. 366. JRAS. NS. XV. p. 299.
Epi. Ind. IV. 22 ff. JBBRAS. XVIII. p. 223. ABORI. XI. p. 155; XIII. pp.
157-160. pp. 161 ff. Peters. V. Index of authors, p. i. R. G. B. Rep. 1883-4. p. 122. S. C.
Vidyabhushana, HIL. pp. 185-6. W. Schubring, Die Lehre der Jainas, pp. 39, 44, 46.
ZDMG. 68, p. 695.

Said to have been a contemporary of the Rāṣṭrakūṭa Śubhatuṅga or Kṛṣṇa I, first half of
the 8th cent.; was a priest at Śravaṇabelgola; defeated the Bauddhas at the court of a Pallava
King of Kāñcī named He(Hi)maśītala and drove the Bauddhas to Kandy in Ceylon. See MD. XI. p.
3977. Epi. Car. II. Insc. 67. “In the 8th cent. again, Akalaṅka went from Śravaṇabelgola
in Mysore to the Buddhist College at Ponataga in the North Arcot Dt. for study.” Epi. Car.
VI. Intro. p. 30. On Hemaśītala's probable identity with Hiraṇyavarman, father of Nandivarman
Pallavamalla, see Journal Mad. Uni. I. ii. Sup. p. 41. The Kanarese work
Himaśītalakathe gives his story. Mys. Arch. Rep. 1918. p. 68: in a Skt. work called
Bhuvanapradīpikā written in 1808, Himaśītala is mentioned among Jain [Page003-b] kings of
Kāñcī as having ruled from Kali 1125 and in his reign Ak. is said to have confuted the
Bauddhas.

Rice, Intro. to his Edn. of the Karṇātakaśabdānuśāsana, pp. 24-5, says that
according to Jain tradition, Akalaṅka defeated the Bauddhas at Kāñcī in A. D. 855.

Epi. Car. II. p. 84: “Akalaṅkacarita, a small Skt. work, gives Vik. 700 as the
year in which Ak. defeated the Bauddhas at Kāñcī.” On Akalaṅka traditions at Tiruppanamūr, 12
miles from Kāñcī, see Madras Museum Bulletin, III, Tirupparuttikunram and its
Temples, 1937, p. 42.

Peterson, II, p. 79: according to a Dig. Kathākośa, Akalaṅka and Niṣkalaṅka were the two
sons of King Śubhatuṅga of Mānyakheṭa, i. e. Kṛṣṇarāja, the Rāṣṭrakūṭa King,
753-755 A. D. Akalaṅka then became a monk. See also Yaśastilakacampūvyākhyā, p. 236.
K. M. 70, part I.

In Akalaṅka's Tattvārthabhāṣya we find a verse calling him son of a King, Laghu Habva
(laghuhabvanRpativaratanayaH).

According to Nemidatta's Ārādhanākathākośa, Akalaṅka was the son of Puruṣottama, a
Brahmin minister of King Śubhatuṅga of Mānyakheṭa.

The Kanarese work Rājāvalikathe, 8th section, gives the story of Akalaṅka and
Himaśītala. Here father given as an Arhaddvija and brother Niṣkalaṅka; studied under a Bauddha
named Bhagavaddāsa; fought the Śaivas at Sudhāpura.

In some edns. of the Akalaṅkastotra, a Jinadāsa is given as Ak.'s father Br. Mus. Ptd. Bks.
1906-28. 31-32. [Page004-a]

Wint. HIL. II. p. 478. fn. 4: “Ak. lived during the reign of the Rāṣṭrakūṭa king
Sāhasatuṅga Dantidurga.”

Insc. 54 at Śravaṇabelgola refers to Ak. and Sāhasatuṅga.

See also Mys. Arch. Rep. 1925, p. 13: Ak. latter part of the 8th cent. and partly in the
beginning of the 9th.; also Epoch of Kūṇa Pāṇḍya, AIOC. Proceed. III, pp. 225-6.

See ABORI. XII. p. 255, for A. D. 645 as Ak.'s date.

ABORI. XI. p. 155: mid. 8th cent.; also in ABORI. XIII. pp. 157-160, where he is
held as an elder contemporary of his commentator, Prabhācandra.

ABORI. XIII. p. 165 fn.: Ak.'s date in the last quarter of the 7th cent. at the latest.
The
Akalaṅkacarita assigns A. D. 643 to Ak. Also Upadhye's Intro. to his edn. of the
Pravacanasāra, pp. lxxx fn., cl. fn. 2.

See also the Jaina Hitaiṣī, XI. 7-8; Jain Anti. III. iv. pp. 149-165; IV. iii.
pp. 165-175. See also Intros. to the Nyāyakumudacandra, Bombay, and
Akalaṅkagranthatraya, Singhī Jain Ser. 12, 1939. In the last, Ak. is assigned to the 8th.
cent.

See also Jour. Bombay Hist. Soc. VI, i-ii, 1941, pp. 10-33.

--Akalaṅkasūtra (with Anantavīrya's gloss) mentioned in Insc. 35 of Nagar, Mysore; Mysore
and Coorg, p. 199. ABORI. XIII. pp. 161-170, says that this Ak. sūtra on which an
Anantavīrya is said to have written a C. may refer to the Kārikās of Siddhiviniścaya of Ak. or
to the Pramāṇasaṅgrahasūtras of Ak. [Page004-b]

--Akalaṅkastotra or Akalaṅkāṣṭaka.

--Aṣṭaśatī, C. on Samantabhadra's Āptamīmāṁsā.

--Tattvārthavārttikālaṅkāra or Rājavārttikālaṅkāra, C. on the
Tattvārthādhigamasūtras of Umāsvāti.

BORI. 1070 of 1891-95, Tattvakaustubha by Akalaṅka, is only ch. 7 of this same work.

Ed. Sanātana Jaina Granthamālā 4, Banaras 1915.

--Devāgamastotranyāsa. Mentioned also in Insc. 105 of Śravaṇabelgola (Rice, Mysore and
Coorg, p. 200).

--Nyāyacūlikā. Jain Anti. III. iv. p. 160.

--Nyāyaviniścaya. Pannalal Bombay, 113 (N. v. alaṅkāra by Ak.). Strassburg Dig. p. 9. Pathak
(ABORI. XII, p. 373) and S. C. Vidyabhushana (HIL p. 198) mention a gloss on this by
an Anantavīrya. Upadhye (ABORI. XIII. pp. 161-170) doubts this, since no ms. of this C. has
come to light.

A ms. of Nyāyaviniścaya with Vādirāja's gloss is preserved in the Arrah Library. Arrah, p.
45. See also Jain Anti. III. iv. p. 160. Restored from Vādirāja's gloss and ed. in the
Akalaṅkagranthatraya, Singhī Jain Ser. 12, 1939.

--Pramāṇaratnapradīpa. JRAS. XV. p. 299.

--Pramāṇalakṣaṇa, Mysore I. p. 557.

--Pramāṇasaṅgraha (8 sections). Jaina Sid. Bhās. III. i. pp. 1-6, Extracts.
Anantavīrya has written a C. on this work. Ed. in Akalaṅkagranthatraya, Singhī Jain Ser.
12 (9 sections). [Page005-a]

--Prāyaścitta or Prā. grantha or Prā. vidhi or Śrāvakavidhi. Authorship doubted by
some.

BORI. 1086 of 1884-87. 1110 of 1891-95. Wint. HIL. II. p. 581. Hiralal, CPB. Intro., pp.
xxvi.

Ed. in Māṇik. Dig. Jain Granth. 18.

--Bṛhattrayī. Jain Grantha Bhandar, Kolhapur. Jain Anti. III. iv. p. 160.

--Laghīyastraya with his own C. Ed. in the Akalaṅkagranthatraya, Singhī Jain Ser. 12;
also in Māṇik. Dig. Jain Granth. 1.

On Laghīyastraya, Prabhācandra wrote a gloss called Nyāyakumudacandra or Ny. ku. ca. udaya,
from which it appears, that in some mss. the name Nyāyakumudacandra has been wrongly given to the
Laghīyastraya itself. See Jainagranthāvalī, p. 91, as also edn. of Laghīyastraya in
Akalaṅkagranthatraya, Singhī Jain Ser. cols. up to p. 15 and fn. p. 3.

--Vādasindhu ? Intro. to the Pāṇḍavapurāṇa. See MT. 1388. Is ‘Vādasindhu’ a logic treatise
of Ak. or is it a mere figurative description of Ak.'s works in general ? It is reported that there
is a work called Akalaṅkavāda in the Jain monastery at Śittambūr, Tindivanam Tq., S. I.

--Siddhiviniścaya. in Vādideva's Syādvādaratnākara, Ārhatamataprabhākara edn. p.
641. Anantavīrya has written a C. on this. A ms. of this is said to be available in the Gujarat
Vidyāpīṭh, Ahmedabad; (ABORI. XIII, pp. 161-170), but a catalogue of this collection
supplied to the NCC. does not mention that ms. [Page005-b]

--Svarūpasambodhana or Sva. sam. pañcaviṁśati.

Ed. Māṇik. Dig. Jain Granth. 1.

Jain.

--Paramāgamasāra. Arrah I. p. 18.

Jain.

--Vivekamañjarīvṛtti. Jainagranthāvalī p. 188. Since Āsaḍa wrote his Vivekamañjarī in A.
D. 1192, this Ak. must be later than and different from the celebrated logician (Aṣṭaśatī etc.)
noticed above.

Jain.

--Vidyānuvāda. mantra. Mysore I. p. 586.

Jain.

Wrote in A. D. 1604 a Kanarese gr. in Skt. in Sūtras, with a C. called Bhāṣāmañjarī and a
Cc. called Bhāṣāmakaranda. Recently doubt has been expressed by some Kanarese scholars re. the
same Ak. being the a. of all these three parts of the work.

BORI. 1062, 1063 of 1887-91 (Cc. Makaranda). Śravaṇabelgola 177a (Śabdānuśāsana).

16-17th cent. A. D.

--Akalaṅkasaṁhitā or Ak. pratiṣṭhāpāṭha or Ak. pratiṣṭhākalpa; consecration; following
Nemicandra's work. Jaina Sid. Bhās. VII. 1. Praśasti, pp. 165-8.

Jain.

--Pravacanapraveśa. Karkal 31 (4). Moodbidri II. 208e. Pannalal Bombay IV. p. 6.

--Vrataphalavarṇanā. Ptd. with Kanarese gloss, along with Akalaṅkāṣṭaka, Br. Mus. Ptd. Bks.
1892-1906. 23. [Page006-a]

on the life of Ak. (Aṣṭaśatī etc.). Mysore I. p. 552. Śravaṇabelgola 384. On the date it
gives to Ak., see ABORI. XIII. p. 165 fn. and Epi. Car. II. p. 84. Mys. Arch.
Rep. 1917, p. 24.

Jain.

--Caityavandanādisūtra-sādhuśrāddhapratikramaṇapadaparyāyamañjarī.

Jainagranthāvalī pp. 28. 58. This apparently single entry contains evidently the titles of at
least two works.

Cf. BORI. List p. 31 (845 of 1895-1902) --
Śrāvakapratikramaṇapadaparyāyamañjarī.

Jain.

--Citrakāvya. (probably Saṁ. 1574). See Anekānt I. 373-75.

Jain.

--Nyāyakumudacandra. Jainagranthāvalī p. 91. Is this a wrong entry for Prabhācandra's
Nyāyakumudacandrodaya on Ak.'s Laghīyastraya ?

(-pATha or -vidhi) See Akalaṅkasaṁhitā below.

or aka. pratiSThAkalpa or aka. pra. pATha or aka. pra. vidhi.
Jain. consecration by Bhaṭṭa Akalaṅkadeva; follows Nemicandra.

Arrah II. 48. Mysore I. pp. 360. 552. Pannalal Bombay IV. p. 1. Śravaṇabelgola 195.

For Extr., see Jaina Sid. Bhās. VII. 1. Praśasti, pp. 165-8.

Jain logic. by Akalaṅka.

--C. by Anantavīrya.

Insc. 35 Nagar, Mysore. Mysore and Coorg, Insc. from, p. 199. In ABORI. XIII. pp.
161-170, it is suggested that this Ak. sūtra is either Ak.'s [Page006-b] kārikās in his
Siddhiviniścaya or Ak.'s Pramāṇasaṅgrahasūtras. S. C. Vidyabhushana, HIL. p. 198,
mentions Anantavīrya as having commented on Ak.'s Nyāyaviniścaya which is doubted by some
(ABORI. XIII. pp. 161-170).

or akalaGkASTaka Jain. stotra. The information in MD. 9424 that this is a stotra in
praise of Akalaṅka himself, the logician, and that in IO. 7600 that it is on Śiva are both wrong.
The Stotra is on Arhan who is said to be the real Śiva (Maṅgala), the real Viṣṇu (Vyāpaka) and
so on. Keith's surmise under IO. 7600 that, in MD. 9424, there are a Śivastotra and an
Akalaṅkastotra, is also wrong.

Adyar II. p. 240b (2 mss.). AK. 1044. Arrah I. p. 1 (9 mss.). BORI. 1393 of 1886-92. 1044 of
1891-95. 94G of 1898-99 (last with Ṭippaṇa). BORI. D. XIX. 575-7 (last with C.). CPB. 6922-3. 6924
(?) (gives 6924 as a different stotra in 9 verses and mentions the former, 6922-3, as a stotra in 16
verses; calls the latter Aṣṭaka, the former simply stotra. MD. 9424 has 16 verses in all). Delhi
II. 100k. Hombucca 149. IO. 7600. Jhalrapatan pp. 33. 77 (an.). 81. Lakṣmīsena pp. 19. 31. 39. MD.
9424 (with 3 verses on the author at the end referring to his defeating the Buddhists in the court
of Himaśītala at Kāñcī). 15611 (with Kanarese meaning). Moodbidri I. 121. 227k. II. 185b. 272c.
284e. 380c. 390d. 679b. Mysore I. p. 552. Pannalal Bombay. I. p. 50 (2 mss.). V. B. p. 6. Peters.
IV. 52. VI. p. 143. PUL. II. p. 290. Strassburg Dig. p. 2. [Page007-a]

Mackenzie mss. Tamil Local Tracts No. 9. Sect. 4. gives Ak. aṣṭaka with Tamil meaning.

Mys. Arch. Rep. 1917. p. 24.

Ptd. Katni, Moradabad, 1906; in the Jainārṇava, Etawah, 1909; with Kanarese Transl. and
account of Ak.'s life, Hubli, Belgaum, 1910; with Kanarese gloss, Bangalore, 1893.

Jain.

--Vidyāvinoda. vaidya. MT. 3a. Refers to Bhāskara, Vīrasena, Pūjyapāda and Dharmakīrti.

Jain.

--Prāyaścittavidhi. Lakṣmīsena p. 41.

See Akalaṅkastotra above.

stotra. by Acyutarāya Moḍak. Q. in his Sāhityasāravyākhyā, N. S. Press edn. p.
312.

tantra. Dacca 295. Z. (i).